AD D E ESS

DELIVERED BEFORE

THE SOCIETY OF

CALIFORNIA VOLUNTEERS,

AT ITS

FIRST ANNUAL CELEBRATION,

AT S.\x FRANCISCO, APRIL 25TH, 1866,

WM. GOUVERNEUR MORRIS,

(OF NAPA COUNTY,)
Formerly Adjutant Second California Cavalry; late Captain and A. Q. M., U. S. Vols.

P U B L I S H E I ) 13 Y T HE S C I E T Y.

SAN FRANCISCO:

< O.M.MKIU'IAL STEAM PRINTING HOUSE: FKAXCIS, VALENTINE & CO.

Xo. 517 Clay Street, and 510 to 514 Commercial Street

1866.

A D D K E S S

DELIVERED BEFORE

THE SOCIETY OF

CALIFORNIA VOLUNTEERS,

AT ITS

FIRST ANNUAL CELEBRATION,

AT SAN FRANCISCO, APRIL 25TH, 1866,

WM. GOUVERNEUR MORRIS,

(OP NAPA COUNTY,)
Formerly Adjutant Second California Cavalry; late Captain and A. Q. M., U. S. Vols.

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY.

SAN FBANCISCO:

COMMERCIAL STEAM PRINTING HOUSE : FRANCIS, VALENTINE & CO.
No. 517 Clay Street, and 510 to 514 Commercial Street

1866.

4
M8

ADDRESS.

MR. PRESIDENT AND GENTLEMEN OF THE SOCIETY :

To perpetuate the memory of past deeds and associations, by the
renewal of friendship and the commingling of thought, is both
pleasant and useful, tending to promote good fellowship and raise
ourselves in the scale of social communication ; whilst we enjoy the
beneficial results from an interchange of sentiment, fraught by years
of stern experience.

The rebellion has been squelched, treason subjugated, an erring
and misguided people have laid down their arms, vanquished sorely
in the conflict, and peace has been proclaimed by the President of
the United States.

Rapid and varied have been the events which have convulsed the
life of the Nation, and threatened its very existence during the past
four years. It will be impossible in the course of this brief address
to allude to the causes which brought about this unhappy state of
affairs ; alas, they are too deeply engraven upon the hearts of the
American People, to require any explanation or elaboration at the
present day. Our province to-night will be to examine what part we
have played in the great struggle for Liberty and human freedom,
and, though circumscribed may have been our sphere, to examine
well our own immediate history and actions, and see if we can lay
our hands upon our hearts with the conscious and proud satisfaction
f knowing that we have done our duty, humble though may it have
been in its peculiar details.

The idea of the formation of this Society was a good one, and if
properly carried out, may result in many beneficial results. It dates
its existence from the 2nd day of January of the present year, and
its objects can readily be gathered from the language of the pream-
ble, which reads as follows :

"We, the undersigned, having been officers of the California Vol-
unteers in the service of the United States during the past four years,
and deeming it honorable and worthy of commemoration to have
served our country in its hour of peril, and being desirous of per-
petuating the friendship and ties engendered during that period,
and of cultivating social intercourse in the future, do form ourselves
into an association and adopt the following constitution."

Terse and to the point are these few words ; how fraught they
may yet be of importance to us all. Isolated as we are from our
Atlantic brethren, dependent in a great measure upon our own re-
sources, we should " in time of peace prepare for war," and never
again be placed in the alarming and perilous situation we were in
the early spring of 1861.

"When the secret history of the late rebellion comes to be written,
events will appear of so startling a character as almost to challenge
belief. It is well known in military circles that a deliberate plan
was~ formed to revolutionize California, and join her fortunes to the
oligarchy of Jeff. Davis, Wigfall and Company. The extent of this
plot iftjfls so great, and its ramifications were so numerous, as to
speedily call the attention of the authorities at Washington to the
necessity of prompt and speedy action.

Here on this coast we were slumbering upon a volcano, ready to
burst out at any moment. Not dreaming of danger, we were quietly
watching events at the East, Micawber like, "waiting for something
to turn up ; " the military commandant of the Pacific, more than
suspected of incipient treason, perhaps ready and willing to deliver
up Fort Alcatraces and all our defenses to such men as Austin E.
Smith, Calhoun Benham, Charles T. Botts, and others of that kid-
ney, the pink of southern chivalry.

I will here state, however, as an act of justice to the friends of the
late General Albert Sidney Johnston, that they claim with what
show of reason or groundwork of fact to rest upon I know not
that General Johnston never would have betrayed the Federal Gov-
ernment as long as he held a commission under it. I hope inwardly
that such may be the case ; but his subsequent career in the Con-
federate service, ending with his life, might perhaps preclude the
probability of the truth of such a hypothesis.

We have before us the example of the infamous surrender of that
arch coward and traitor, David Emanuel Twiggs, in Texas, a like
surrender in New Mexico, by a like man, one Isaac Lynde, late a
Major in the Federal army; and were we to go on, there would be
no end of finding out how base and hollow were the protestations of
these high born, high bred, chivalrous sons of the South.

Suffice it to say that the Pacific Qoast was not thrown into the
jaws of the enemy. How was this brought about ?

Five years ago this day a vessel steamed through the Golden Gate,
bearing amongst its passengers a man of martial form and noble
mien. Quiet in his embarkation from the city of New York, retired
during the voyage, his presence was hardly known, and his real
character undiscovered, till the steamer approached the fortification
at Fort Point, when he appeared in the full uniform of a Brigadier-
General in the United States Army.

Such, fellow citizens, was the advent of General Edwin Y. Sumner
to this coast. Hardly had the steamer been made fast to the whart
and discharged her living cargo, ere the following remarkable order
was published.

HEAD-QUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC, {
SAN FRANCISCO, April 25, 1861. )

fOrder No. 5.J

In compliance with Special Order No. 86, dated "War Department, Adjutant-General's
Office, Washington. March 23d, 1861," I hereby assume command of this Department. Al
concerned will govern themselves accordingly.

(Signed) E. V. SUMNER,

Brigadier-General U. S. Army.
Official. B. C. DRUM,

Ass't Adjutant-General.

I challenge the most expert of you all to produce a composition
more decisive and comprehensive. From that hour California was
safe, loyal men could breathe easily and retire to their couches in
security ; treason was nipped in the bud ; Chivs, who heretofore
were as thick as leaves in Yallambrosa, suddenly became scarce, had
G. T. T. (gone to Texas) marked on their doors ; and embryo Con-
federate Generals and officers of all grades gnashed their teeth and
clawed their nails in their impotent rage, that they were one day too
late. Yes, be it here proclaimed, and I say it boldly, General Sumner
arrived here not one day too soon !

New^ife was infused into Union men. His administration was
commenced by the removal of all doubtful officers from important
commands, and placing in their stead men of known loyalty and
fidelity. He at once commenced to raise troops for defense here.
The Governor of the State issued his proclamation, and right nobly
did the sons of California respond to the call. To the efforts of
General Sumner may the first regiments of volunteers raised in this
State attribute their efficiency. It is true that the discipline, drill
and organization was most of it perfected after he had been called
to another scene of action, but the proper selection of officers was
due to him. It may now be stated a fact of which, probably, none

of you are aware that so little confidence did the Administration
have in the patriotism and integrity of John G. Downey, the acci-
dental Governor of California, at that time, that General Sumner
was empowered t& commission all officers himself, should he deem
it necessary. Happily he was not called upon to exercise this power.
Governor Downey, as a general rule, appointed loyal men, and as
competent as could be expected, for at that time we were infants in
the art of war.

His selections of field officers, it is true, were made from the reg-
ular army in the main, and it was unfortunate for the different regi-
ments that they were detatched from their commands at so early a
date. The remainder of his appointments were made from politi-
ticians chiefly ; and to their honor be it said, that but few carried
their party prejudices into the corps of the army. Such as did,
failed signally as soldiers, were either dismissed in disgrace, resigned
under charges, covered with odium, the laughing-stock of every man
possessed of the true military spirit.

General Sumner was permitted to remain but a short time with us.
His eminent services as a soldier were required at the sent of war on
the battle field. His mission here was accomplished ; he had saved
California from impending ruin, rescued her from the infamous jaws
of treason and the machinations of detestable traitors, many of
whom are now boldly stalking Montgomery street to-day, prating of
their loyalty, and endeavoring to make it appear that they have
Tylerized President Johnson, who, did he deem it necessary, would
use all the manila in Front street in stretching their miserable
necks, if required for the salvation of the Government.

General Sumner departed as quietly from this coast as he had
come. He was permitted to depart unheralded. Our platform
statuary and leading citizens of well known loyalty and liberality (?)
were non est inventus, probably shut up at this very time in their
counting rooms, devising schemes to repudiate in California^ the in-
troduction and circulation of the national currency ; when, it may
be observed, that had it not been for General Sumner, many of these
same merchant princes and eloquent divines, might have been lashed
naked through Portsmouth Square by the scions of Virginia chiv-
alry in California, and exhibited as the Romans did their gladiators,
and deemed it a prized boon to be permitted to black the boots of
such heroes as Duke Gwin, or curry horses for David S. Terry.

General Sumner turned over his department to worthy and noble
hands, mention of which will be made hereafter. His life, so valu-

able to his country, was sacrified at the altar of his ambition. He
died, as lie had lived, an accomplished soldier and a finished gentle-
man. I know of no one in whom were more centered all the quali-
ties which entitled him to be considered as the Marshal Ney of
America.

This day has been well chosen as your anniversary. This selec-
tion was a happy thought which suggested itself to el Capitan Don
Patrico Munday esto perpetua !

We can but glance briefly at the services rendered by our volun-
teers ; remote as they have been from the immediate scene of con-
flict, opportunities for individual daring have been but rare, and
their engagements but mere skirmishes compared with those of
greater magnitude. In the old army they would have been called
hard fought battles before the late war. The result, however, of our
services, may be far greater than is generally attributed to us, and
may some day meet with a just reward. At the present time, how-
ever, it must be confessed, that to have served in the army faithfully
during the war, is the surest thing to defeat an application for em.
ployment at the hands of the San Francisco merchants and capitalists,
who have stayed at home, coined money out of the war, and lustily
shouted for freedom, and shed huge crocodile tears at the fate of the
intelligent contraband and the oppressed freedman.

California, during the late war, furnished more troops for the
Federal Government, than the effective strength of the regular army
consisted of at the breaking out of the rebellion. By reference to
the last report of the Adjutant-General of this State, late Colonel
George S. Evans of tl^e Second California Cavalry, who has carried
into the organization of the State Militia, his correct and well de-
served experience in the service ; it will be found that California
raised as soldiers, rank and file, sixteen thousand two hundred and
thirty-one men ; of this number, five hundred were credited to the
quota of Massachusetts, men being sent from here as substitutes for
drafted men there. Had I been Governor of California, they never
should have left this coast as such an organization. Massachusetts
should have filled her ranks at home and not come here to recruit.
Of the troops thus raised may be classified as follows, bearing in
mind that the total are all the enlistments during the war, it being
impossible without much research to determine the exact number of
commissioned officers, so the aggregate cannot be given. I should
judge that at le'ast eight hundred officers have been commissioned.
The figures refer to the rank and file :

First Cavalry 1,686 men.

Second Cavalry 2,399 men.

First Native Battalion of Cavalry 564 men.

First Infantry 1,407 men.

Second Infantry 1,858 men.

Third Infantry 1,580 men.

Fourth Infantry 1,633 men.

Fifth Infantry 1,000 men.

Sixth Infantry 1,213 men.

Seventh Infantry 958 men.

Eighth Infantry 1,018 men.

The Battalion Mountaineers raised for especial service against
the Indians in the northern portion of this State, were commanded
by Colonel S. G-. Whipple. They were in service but a few months.
Their strength was four hundred and ninety-five men, exclusive of
officers.

California also furnished several companies of men for the differ-
ent volunteer regiments which were raised in Oregon and Wash-
ington Territory, which are not enumerated in the above figures.
It will be thus seen that this State has not been backward in sending
men to the field, and when we take into consideration that for years
the troops have been paid in a depreciated currency, worth at times
thirty-eight cents upon the dollar, whilst the Legislature of this
State, composed of men eleeted as Unionists, were passing laws nul-
lifying Acts of Congress, playing into the hands of Copperheads,
and making themselves ridiculous generally, it is a great wonder,
and can only be attributed to the superior state of discipline preva-
lent amongst the California troops, that they did not disband, throw
down their arms, and abandon the Legislative Solons to the tender
mercies of the Southern Chivalry, who would have horsewhipped
them into the Sacramento river, had they not entertained a whole-
some fear and well conceived dread of the bayonets of the blue-
jackets.

The operations of our Volunteer Contingent have been extended
over a scope of country thousand of miles in extent, reaching from
the extreme border of our possessions in the Northwest Pacific to
the Rio Grande.

In the fall of 1861, Colonel Carleton, of the First California In-
fantry, and Captain and Brevet-Major First Regular Cavalry, since
appointed Brigadier-General of volunteers, commenced organizing
an expedition at Camp Drum, since named Drum Barracks, Cali-

fornia. This army was intended for operations in Arizona and New
Mexico, and just prior to leaving Fort Yuma and crossing the Colo-
rado, was designated in orders by General Carleton as the " Column
from California."

The troops composing this expedition consisted of, the First Cali-
fornia Infantry, Col. Edwin A. Bigg commanding ; Fifth California
Infantry, Col. Geo. W. Bowie ; First Battalion of California Cav-
alry, Lieut. Col. E. E. Eyre commanding (since raised to a full regi-
ment) ; one company of the Second Cavalry, commanded by Capt.
John C. Cremony; and one battery Third U. S. Artillery, Lieut.
John B. Shinn, U.S.A., commanding in all about twenty-five hun-
dred men. The march of this column from San Pedro to the Rio
Grande was a decided success, and reflects much credit upon the
commanding General and the endurance of the officers and men.
To those who have never served either in Arizona or ]$"ew Mexico,
the fatigue, trials, hardships and privations to which these troops
have been subjected can hardly be imagined. Encountering arid
wastes, tropical suns, deserts almost totally devoid of water, harras-
sed constantly by Indians, urged to deeds of brutal violence and
murder by Mormon emissaries and depraved secessionists, I repeat
that the courage and endurance displayed is of the highest character.
In order that you may form some idea of how this force was em-
ployed, I here incorporate entire a copy of General Orders "No. 4,
of General Carlton, dated at Santa Fe, New Mexico, February 18th,
1865, giving a synopsis of Indian scouts and their results for the
year 1864, in that Territory, together with an account of the estab-
lishment and prosperity of the Indian Reservation at Bosque Red-
ondo a document full of valuable information, and which should
be carefully preserved in the archives of the Society. Produced, it
reads as follows :

HEAD-QUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OP NEW MEXICO, )
SANTA FE, New Mexico, February 18th, 1865. j"
[General Orders No. 4.]

I. The following record of combats with Indians on the part of the troops, as well as on
that of citizens of New Mexico and Arizona, during the year 1864, is published for the infor-
mation of all concerned. Only those operations are mentioned which were attended with
results either in our favor or against us, and they are about as one to four; so that the ac-
count which follows shows but a faint idea of the work performed. It is possible that there
may have been some robberies which are not mentioned here ; but, if so, no authentic report
of them has been received.

II. The number of Indians on the Reservation at the Bosque Redondo, as shown by Gen-
eral Orders, No. 3, series for 1864, from these Head-Quarters, was seven hundred and three
Apaches and Navajos, on the 31st day of December, of that year.

January. Major Sena, 1st Cavalry, New Mexican Volunteers, with his command, arrived at
Fort Canby, bringing in three hundred and forty-four Navajo prisoners.

January 3. "Wagon-Master Russell's train, en route to Fort Canby, N. M., was attacked near
the Puerco by about one hundred and fifty Navajo Indians. Mr. Rrissell was killed.
Mr. Strong and two teamsters wounded. The three lead wagons were cut off, and
twenty mules were taken by the Indians, together with some corn, blankets, &c.

This information was forwarded to the Commanding General of the Department,
by Major John C. McFerran, Chief Quarter-Master, with the following remarks :

"Respectfully referred to the Department Commander for his information. This
wagon-master, Russell, is Powell Russell, who entered the service of the Quarter-
Master's Department, as a teamster, a poor, illiterate boy, in 1853. By his honesty,
industry, modesty, truth and energy, he rose to be the principal, or head wagon-
master in the Department. This position he has filled to the perfect satisfaction
of every one, and has now fallen, like a true man as he was, at his post and doing his
duty. It will be very, very difficult to replace him."

Januarys. Major Edward B. Willis, 1st Infantry California Volunteers, Commanding Fort
Whipple, Arizona, report? that the Penal Apaches run off eleven head of Govern-
ment cattle, at Walker's Mines. A party under Captain Hargrave was sent in pursuit
but failed to overtake the Indians.

January 6. Captain Julius C. Shaw, 1st Cavalry, N. M., Volunteers, Commanding Fort Win-
gate, reports that four Navajo Indians surrendered themselves at that post.

January 6. Major Henry D. Wallen, U. S. 7th Infantry, commanding Fort Sumner, New
Mexico, reports that, on the morning of the 5th inst., the Navajos run off the Apache
herd from that post. Lieut. Newbold, 5th U. S. Infantry, with ten mounted men of
the 2nd Cavalry, California Volunteers, and the 5th U. S. Infantry, were sent in pursuit,
accompanied by Mr. Labadi, Indian Agent, Mr. Carillo,Mr. Whittemore and twenty-
five Apaches from the Reservation. Captain Galloway and his Company "I," 1st In-
fantry, California Volunteers, was directed to follow the trail of the mounted party.
Lieutenant Newbold encountered over one hundred Navajos, mounted and on foot,
about twelve miles from the post. A sharp fight ensued, in which nine Navajos were
left dead on the field. The Najavos then broke into two parties and fled, and a run.
ning fight was kept up for about ten miles. Part of the force pursued one party to
the Pecos river. Of this party, only eight escaped. Of the other party of Indians,
only seventeen escaped, and some of these were wounded. Forty Indians are re-
ported to have been left dead on the field, and at least twenty-five wounded. It is
believed that nearly all the Navajos would have been killed had it not been for the ex-
tremely cold weather. The mercury was ten degrees below zero. The men could
with difficulty cap their pieces their fingers being so numb. Some were frost-bitten.
About fifty head of horses and mules were recovered in this fight, all belonging to the
Apaches. Major Wallen calls the attention of the General Commanding to the hand-
some manner in which Lieutenant Newbold managed this successful engagement ;
also to the meritorious conduct of the soldiers, citizens, and Apaches engaged.

January 8. Mr. George Cooler. Wagon and Forage Master, at Fort Craig, New Mexico, with
ten infantry soldiers and a party of Mexican citizens, while on a scout after Indians,
recovered one Mexican boy, named Vincente Ubano, who was stolen by the Indians
near the Pecos river, one rifle and fifty-eight goats. On the llth inst., came upon a
party of Indians and succeeded in killing one and capturing one squaw and one
child. In this skirmish two of the Cooler's party were wounded. One of them,
Jose' Garcia, died the next day. On the 12th, found seven horses and one mule, and
captured two Indian women.

January 12th. Captain Julius C. Shaw, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, commanding Fort
Wingate, reports that Lieutenant Jose M. Sanches, with a detachment of Company
"F,"lst Cavalry, New Mexican Volunteers, attacked a party of Indians near the
Datil Mountains, and killed three men, captured two women and one boy, and 18
Navajo horses, and 62 head of sheep and goats. The Chief, Sordo, was killed in this
fight. Captain Shaw also reports that sixty Navajos have given themselves up at that
post since the 1st inst.

January 14. Sergeant Joseph Felmer, 1st Cavalry, California Volunteers, reports that he re-
covered seven head of cattle, while in pursuit of a party of Indians, and turned them
over to Don Pablo, of La Joya, N. M.

January 15. Serafin Ramirez, a citizen of New Mexico, reports that Navajo Indians drove off
twelve head of cattle and two mules belonging to him, between the 25th of December
and 9th of January, and during the same time they killed three of his cattle.

January 21. Capt. Julius C. Shaw, commanding Fort Wingate, N. M. reports that twenty,
three Navajo Indians have surrendered at that post since his last report.

January. On the 6th inst., Colonel Christopher Carson, commanding the Navajo expedition,
left Fort Canby, New Mexico, with 14 commissioned officers and 375 enlisted men,
on an expedition to the Canon de Chelly. On the 8th inst., one warrior was killed
by the Colonel's escort. On the 12th, Sergeant Andres Herrera, with 50 men, who
was sent out the previous night returned, bringing into camp two women and two
children prisoners, and one hundred and fifty head of sheep and goats, and reported
that his command had killed eleven and wounded five Indians. On the 14th inst,,
Capt. Pfeiffer and party, who had been sent out from Fort Canby some days previous,
to operate in the east opening of the canon, came into camp and reported having
passed through the Canon without a single casuality in his command. He killed
three Indians and brought in nineteen prisoners, women and children. On the 15th
inst. , sixty Indians arrived in camp and surrendered themselves as prisoners. On the
same day a party, under command of Capt. Joseph Berney, killed two Indians and
captured four. One hundred and ten Indians surrendered to Capt. Carey's command,
while upon its return march to Fort Canby. Result of this expedition : Indians
killed, 23 ; wounded, 5 ; prisoners, 34 ; voluntarily surrendered, 200 ; and 200 head of
sheep and goats captured.

January 24. A party of thirty Americans and fourteen Maricopa and Pimo Indians, under
Colonel King S. Wooisey, Aid to the Governor of Arizona, attacked a baud of Gila
Apaches, sixty or seventy miles N. E. of the Pimo Villages, and killed nineteen of
them and wounded others. Mr. Curus Lennon, of Woolsey's party, was killed by a
wounded Indian.

January 26. Lieut. Thomas A. Young, 5th Infantry, California Volunteers, with one sergeant
and eleven privates of the California Volunteers, started from Fort Craig, New Mex-
ico, on a scout after Indians. On the 28th inst., the party was attacked by about sixty
Indians, who wounded Lieut. Young, Sergeant Thomas Richards, and Privates Harvey
McConkey, Thomas Clark and Louis Mann, of Company <l D" 1st Cavalry, California
Volunteers. In this affair seven Indians were killed. The party, not being strong
enough to continue the fight, returned to Fort Craig on the 30th inst.

January. The militia of Sorocco County, New Mexico, under General Stanislaus Montoya,
on a scout near Sierra Datil, killed twenty Indians and took twenty prisoners.

February 2. Major E. W. Eaton, commanding Fort Wingate, sent two hundred Indians from
that post to Los Pinos, en route to the Bosque Rcdondo. The Chief, Delgadito, ar-
rived at Fort Wingate this day, with six hundred and eighty Indians.

February 14. Captain A. B. Carey, U. S. A., commanding Fort Canby, N. M., reports the
arrival at that post of Soldado Surdo, with his herd; also, that there are one thou-
sand prisoners now at that post.

February 14. Captain Joseph Berney, 1st Cavalry, New Mexican volunteers, arrived at Los
Pinos this day, bringing in one hundred and seventy-five Navajo prisoners.

February 24. Captain A. B. Carey, commanding the Navajo Expedition, reports that he has
forwarded one hundred and seventy-five Navajos to the Bosque Redondo, since last
report, and that there are now one thousand five hundred Navajos at Fort Canby,
awaiting transportation.

February 24. Lieut. Martin Mullins, U. S. A., commanding at Los Pinos, N. M., reports that,
to present date, two thousand and nineteen Navajos have arrived at that post, en
route to Fort Sumner, and that there are one thousand four hundred and forty-five
now at the post, awaiting transportation.

February 24. Captain James H. Whitlock, with twenty-one men of his company, " F," 5th
Infantry, California Volunteers, left camp on the Miembres, N. M., on the 24th day
of February, on a scout after Apache Indians. At about 5 o'clock, P. M., on the 25th,
he came up to a party of nineteen Indians ; attacked and killed thirteen of them and
wounded the others, and captured one Indian pony. The command returned to camp
on the 29th, without the slightest accident of any kind.

February 25. Three Indian women escaped from the detachment commanded by Lieut. W.
B. Smith, 1st Infantry, California Volunteers, while en route from Fort Union to the
Bosque Redondo.

February 28. Capt. A. B. Carey reports that there two thousand five hundred Navajos at Fort
Canby, awaiting transportation to the Bosque Redondo.

March 4. Two thousand one hundred and thirty-eight Navajos were this day forwarded from
Fort Canby to the Bosque Redondo, having in their possession four hundred and
seventy-three horses and three thousand sheep. One hundred and twenty-six Indians
died at Fort Canby, between the 20th of February and March 4th.

March 7. Lieut. Hodt, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, with twenty-five enlisted men, left
Fort Canby on a scout, in search of Indians who had stolen eighteen horses and mules
from Caballo Prieto, chief, who had surrendered. The thioves, four in number, were
captured near Zufii, and eleven head of the stock recovered.

March 8. ^Capt. Quirino Maes, from Conejos, Colorado Territory, with an independent com-
pany of sixty-seven men, arrived at Pueblo Colorado. This company had been ope-
rating against the Navajos since the 1st of January, 1864, and had killed twenty-six
Indians and captured four. Five horses were taken from the Indians.

March 14. Capt. Joseph Berney arrived at Fort Sumuer with fourteen hundred and thirty
Navajo prisoners. Tea Indians died on the road from Los Pinos.

March 18. Eight mounted Indians made an attack upon a Government herd at Cow Springs,
New Mexico, and drove off sixty-eight mules, four government and two private
horses. The Indians were pursued by Lieut. H. H. Stevens, 5th California Infantry,
with nine men, for a considerable distance, but they escaped with the stock.

March 18. Major Edward B. Willis, 1st Infantry, California Volunteers, with forty enlisted
men and fourteen citizens, fell in with a party of Apaches near the San Francisco
River, Arizona; killed 5 Indians and lost one man, Private Fisher, of Company " D,"
1st Cavalry, California Volunteers.

March 27. Fifty-five Navajos surrendered at Fort Canby, New Mexico, eight of whom died.
They had sixty-two head of sheep and goats.

March 29. Eighty-six Navajos arrived at Los Pinos, N. M., en route to Fort Sumner, having
with them six horses and two mules.

March. The Apache Indians attacked Mr. Goodhue and four other persons, between the
Hasiampa and Granite Creek. Goodhue was killed. The men with him succeeded in
driving the Indians off. The Indians also attacked a train of wagons near Weaver,
Arizona, and mortally wounded Mr. Rykman and a Mexican. Another of the party
was slightly wounded. The Indians took all the stock and plundered the wagons.

April 3. Eighty-six Navajos surrendered at Fort Canby, two of whom died. These Indians
have one hundred and twenty sheep and goats and six horses.

April 5. Capt. Francis McCabe, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, arrived at Los Pinos, N. M.,
bringing seven hundred and twenty Navajo Indians.

April 7. Capt. James H. Whitlock, 5th Infantry, California Volunteers, with a command con-
sisting of twenty-six enlisted men of Company " F," and twenty enlisted men of
Company ' I," under Lieut. Barkett, and ten enlisted men of Company " C," 1st Cav-
alry California Volunteers, attacked about two hundred and fifty Indians near Mount
Grey, or Sierra Bonita, Arizona, and after a spirited fight of over one hour, routed
the Indians, killing twenty-one of them left on the ground, and wounding a large
number. Forty-five head of horses and mules were captured from the Indians, and
all their provisions and camp equipage destroyed.

April 10. Seventy-eight Navajos surrendered at Fort Canby, having in their possession one
horse and one hundred and fifty head of sheep and goats.

April 11. Major Edward B. Willis, commanding Fort Whipple, Arizona, reports that Colonel
King S. Woolsey, with his party, surprised an Indian Rancheria, killing fourteen In-
dians, who were left on the ground, and wounding others who escaped. A small
party, of California Volunteers, who were sent with Colonel Woolsey, behaved well
Privates Beach and Holman, of Company " F," killing five of the Indians.

April. Lieut. Martin Quintana, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, reports that while en route
from Moqui to Fort Cauby, four Indians delivered themselves up to his command.

April 24. One hundred and nine Navajos surrendered themselves at Fort Canby, between
April 18th and April 24th. These Indians had one hundred and fifty-nine head of
horses and two hundred and thirty head of sheep and goats.

May 1. Three hundred and ninety-two Navajos surrendered themselves at Fort Canby, since
last Deport, making the total number on hand at that post, six hundred and twenty-
three. They have, altogether, three hundred and twenty head of horses and six hun-
dred and fifty head of sheep.

May 1. Forty-two Mescalero Apaches, including Ojo Blanco, escaped from the Indian Reser-
vation at Fort Sumner, and returned to their own country.*

May 3. Lieut. Henry H. Stevens, 5th Infantry, California Volunteers, with a command of
fifty-four men, California Volunteers, while on the march from Fort Cummings to
to Fort Bowie, Arizona, was attacked in Doubtful Canon, near Steen's Peak, by about
one hundred Apache Indians. The fight lasted for nearly two hours, and resulted in
the killing of ten Apaches, who were lelt on the ground, and wounding about
twenty.

The troops lost, in this affair, one man missing and five wounded, one mortally, one
horse killed and one wounded.

May 9. Capt. Charles P. Marion reports that, while on a scout near Zufii, five hundred Navajos
surrendered themselves to his command. These Indians had in their possession one
thousand horses and over five thousand sheep and goats.

May 11. The Apache Indians run off two horses from the ranch of Mr. Stipich, a farmer on
the Rio Bonito. They were pursued by 2d Lieut. S. L. Snyder and thirteen men of
Company "A," 1st Cavalry, N. M., Volunteers, but were not overtaken.

May 13. Seven hundred and seventy-seven Navajo Indians arrived at Fort Sumner this day.

May 25. Lieut. Colonel Nelson H. Davis, Assistant Inspector General U. S. A,, with Oapt. T.
T. Tidball, 5th Infantry, California Volunteers, two commissioned officers and one
hundred and two enlisted men, cavalry and infantry, started from Fort Bowie on a
scout after Indians. On the 25th inst. surprised a Rancheria and killed one Indian.
Later the same day, killed one Indian and captured one.

May 26. On the 26th inst. came upon a Rancheria, killed one Indian and destroyed several
acres of corn. In this skirmish 1st Sergeant Christian Foster, of company "K,"
5th Infantry, California Volunteers, was severely wounded. On the same day one
woman and two Indian children were captured. On the 28th captured five women
and two children.

May 29. On the 29th inst. the command surprised a Rancheria and killed thirty-six, wounded
four and took two prisoners. Captured $660 in gold coin, 1 Sharp's carbine, 1 Colt's
revolver, 1 shot-gun, 1 saddle, 1,000 pounds of mescal, and a lot of horse equipments,
powder, powder-horns, &c. Sergeant Charles Brown, of Company " K," 5th Infantry,
California Volunteers, is" mentioned in Captain Tidball's report, for his zeal and en.
ergy in this scout.

May 29. Capt. George A. Burkett, with thirty-three enlisted men of Company " I," 5th In-
fantry, California Volunteers, surprised an Indian Rancheria on the Rio de Mescal,
and killed 13, wounded 13 and took three prisoners. Captured 1 mule, 3 horses, 1
Sharp's carbine, 1 saddle, and saddle-bags, 1 ton of mescal and a small quantity of
powder. The command destroyed some fields of corn and wheat. A portion of the
mescal was kept to feed the prisoners ; the balance was destroyed.

June 3. Five hundred and fifty Navajos arrived at Los Pinos this day, who had one hundred
and ninety horses and two hundred and ninety-four sheep and goats. These Indians,
with two hundred others, were forwarded to Fort Sumner.

June 3. The Apache Indians attacked a party of five miners, near Fort Whipple, Arizona,
and wounded every man of the party.

June 7. Capt. Julius C. Shaw, 1st. Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, with his command, attacked a
Rancheria near Apache Spring. Two Indians were mortally wounded.

June 11. Four Apaches attacked a party of soldiers under Capt. T. T. Tidball, near San Pedro
Crossing, but did not succeed in doing any damage. The troops wounded one of the
Indians.

* This party voluntarily returned to the Reservation on the 16th day of September. Shortly afterwards Oj
Blanco died.

June 20. Major Edward B. Willis, 1st Infantry, California Volunteers, reports that a detach-
ment under his command attacked a party of Apache Indians, near Salinas River, Ari-
zona, and killed four of them.

June 20. The express escort between Camp Goodwin and Fort Bowie was attacked by a party
of Indians, while crossing the Chiricahui Mountains. The Indians were whipped off
by the escort. Several Indians reported wounded. Four burros were taken from the
Indians.

June. Capt. Henry M. Benson, 1st Infantry, Califcrnia Volunteers, left Fort Whipple, A. T.,
with his Company, "F," 1st California Infantry, on a scout after Indians. Five In-
dians were killed and two wounded by this command, and large quantities of corn
and beans destroyed.

June. Capt. Albert H. Pfeiffer, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, with one Lieutenant and
sixty-four enlisted men, attacked a band of Indians near the Colorado Chiquito, Ari-
zona, and, in a running fight of eight miles, killed five and wounded seven of them.
After the fight was over, two Indians came into camp with signs of peace ; but in
a moment fired their guns, severely wounding Capt. Pfeifier and Private Pedro Rael.
The Indians were instantly killed. When the shots were fired, a large party of In-
dians came running towards the camp. A volley was fired into them, when they
scattered in all directions. This volley wounded several.

June 28. Capt. James H. Whitlock, commanding Camp Miembres, reports that he left the
post on the 21st inst. on a scout after Indians. On the 22d came upon a party of
three Indians, two of whom were killed and the other captured.

July 10. Lieut. Antonio Abeyta, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, while en route from Fort
Wingate to Los Pinos, N. M., with twenty-six Navajo and seven Apache Indian pris-
oners, came upon a party of Navajos at Fish Spring, numbering three hundred and
seventy-five, coming in to surrender themselves and go to the Reservation. These
Indians had in their possession, three hundred horses, sixteen mules, one thousand
and eighty-five sheep and three hundred and fifty goats. This party was turned over
to the commanding officer at Los Pinos.

July. Capt. Saturnino Baca, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, with fifty-three enlisted men, left
Fort Canby on the 9th inst., on a scout after Indians. Marched to the little Colorado
River. He returned to Fort Canby on the 21st inst. On this scout six Indians were
killed and six taken prisoners. Two horses and two mules captured, and large quan-
tities of corn, wheat, beans, &c., destroyed.

Aug. 1. Capt. T. T. Tidball, 5th Infantry, California Volunteers, returned from a scout of
twenty-three days. He reports that he saw but few Indians, and killed but one an
Apache Chief called " Old Plume."

Aug. 1. Four Mexican citizens are reported as having been killed by the Apache Indians, at
the Conchas.

Aug. 1. Twelve hundred and nine Navajos and twelve Apaches left Los Pinos, N. M., for the
Bosque Redondo. These Indians had in their possession three hundred and fifty-
seven horses, nineteen mules and two thousand and five sheep and goats.

Aug. 3. A band of Apache Indians, having captives, sheep, horses, burros and cattle, were
discovered near Alamo Gordo, by " Delgadito Chiquito, Navajo Chief," who sent a
messenger to Fort Sumner, to inform the commanding officer of the fact. Thirty
five men of the California Cavalry were sent in pursuit ; also, a strong party of Nava-
jos, from the Reservation. In the meantime Delgadito's party attacked the Apaches
and were defeated, with a loss of one killed and threeVounded ; jamongst the latter,
Delgadito himself. The party of Navajos from the post came upon the Apaches and
took from them five hundred sheep and thirteen burros.

Aug. 6. Mr. Charles G. Parker's train, en route to Chihuahua, Mexico, was attacked by the
Mescalero Apaches, twenty miles below the Gallinas Mountains. The Indians drove
off about fifty mules. They were followed by the wagon-master and some teamsters,
but succeeded in driving off the animals. Two men were severely wounded.

Aug. 7. Sergeant B. F. Fergusson, of Company "E," 5th Infantry, California Volunteers,
with a party of men, attacked fifteen Apaches who were seen approaching the camp
on the Rio Carlos, and killed five of them.

August. The command which left Fort Cummings on the 5th day of August, on a scout to
Lake Guzman, killed one Indian near the Florida Mountains. Very few Indians were
seen, they having evidently deserted the country on the approach of the troops, who,
on this scout, marched twelve hundred miles.

Aug. 13. Lieut. Henry Becker, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, left Fort Can by, N. M., with
ninety-two Indian prisoners and eight hundred head of sheep. On the route to Los
Finos, he was joined by one hundred and fifty-one Indians, having in their possessio n
seven hundred sheep and eighty-five horses. The Indians and stock were turned
over to the commanding officer at Los Pinos.

August. Colonel King S. Woolsey reports that while on a scout after Indians, near the Rio
Prieto, one of his men, named J. W. Beauchamp, was waylaid and killed by the
Apache Indians.

August. Major Thomas J. Blakeney, 1st Cavalry, California Volunteers, on a scout of thirty
days after Apache Indians, killed ten and captured two Indians, and destroyed twenty
acres of corn and large quantities of pumpkins, beans, &c.

August. Capt. Henry A. Green, 1st Infantry, California Volunteers, on a scout after Indians,
from Fort McRae, N. M., killed five Indians and captured six. Nineteen head of
beef cattle were recovered from the Indians.

August. Capt. John S. Thayer, 5th Infan/ry, California Volunteers, left Fort Goodwin, A.
T., with his Company, on a scout after Indians. On the 4th day out, the Com-
pany destroyed about seventy acres of corn ; also, several small fields of beans and
pumpkins. On the 6th day came upon a party of Indians ; wounded several and
captured one, who was afterwards shot while attempting to escape. A Mexican cap-
tive was rescued from.these Indians. On the 8th day out, attacked a party of Indians
and killed six and wounded two.

Aug. 25. Capt. Francis McCabe, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, reports that while on a scout
after Indians in the Sacramento Mountains, he detached a party under Lieut. Henry
W. Gilbert, of the same regiment, to follow the trail of the Indians. Lieut. Gilbert
took with him twenty men. The party, although warned by the guide, marchedina
body directly into an ambush, when Lieut. Gilbert was killed at the first fire. The
guide, Sanches, and Private Ma. Sandoval were killed, and three men wounded. One
Apache killed and five wounded. This command were leading their horses when the
attack was made. The men, after the fail of their officer, shamefully abandoned their
horses. The Indians got the most of their horses and equipments.

Sept. 19. Lieut. Patrick Healy, 1st Infantry, N. M. Volunteers, with a detachment of ten men,
while in pursuit of Indians, entered the town of Canada de Alamosa, N. M., where
five Indians were captured. One of the Indians afterwards made his escape.

Sept. 25. Capt. William Ayres, 1st Infantry, N. M. Volunteers, learning that a party of In-
dians were at Canada de Alamosa, started in pursuit of them, and succeeded in cap
turing one man, four women and one child. The others made their escape to the
mountains.

Oct. 20. A band of Navajo Indians attacked Mr. Huning's train on the Colorado Chiquito,
and succeeded in driving off seven or eight hundred head of sheep, the property of
Capt Joseph P. Hargrave.

Nov. 6. Some Indians are said to have run off five hundred sheep from the head-waters of
the Rio Puerco, belonging to Don Inez Perea.

Nov. 8. On the 8th of November, some Navajos and Apaches from the west, run off three
thousand head of sheep, belongiag to Don Jos Pinoly Vaca, four miles from Limi-
tar, N. M. , and killed four pastores, who had the sheep in charge. Their names were
Antonio Gallegos, Romaldo Peralta, Francisco Capillo and Lenovio Sarcilla. In-
structions were sent to Major Eaton, commanding at Fort Wingate, to cross the
country to the Rito Quemado, and endeavor to cut the trail of the Indians.

Nov. 9. A Navajo Indian found lurking near the Government herd at Fort Sumner, was ar-
rested by the herd guard, and, in attempting to make his escape, was killed.

Nov. 25. Col. Christopher Carson, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, with a command consisting
of fourteen commissioned officers, three hundred and twenty-one enlisted men and
seventy-five Indians Apaches and Utes attacked a Kioway village of about one hun-
dred and fifty lodges, near the Adobe Fort, on the Canadian River, in Texas; and,

after a severe fight, compelled the Indians to retreat, with a loss of sixty, killed and
wounded. The village was then destroyed. The engagement commenced at 8 1-3
A. M., and lasted, without intermission, until sunset.

In this fight, Privates John O'Donnell and John Sullivan, of Company " M," 1st
Cavalry, California Volunteers, were killed, and Corporal N. Newman, Privates

Thomas Briggs, J. Jameson, Mapes, Jasper Winant, J. Horsley, of Company

" B," and Holygrafer of Company " G," 1st Cavalry, California Volunteers, Antonio
Duro and Antonio Sanches, of Company " M." and H. Romero, of Company " I,"
1st Cavalry N. M. Volunteers, were wounded. Four Utes wounded..

Col. Carson, in his report, mentions the following officers as deserving the highest
praise : Major McCleave, Capt. Fritz and Lieut. Heath, of the 1st Cavalry, California
Volunteers, Capt's Deus andBerney, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, Lieut. Pettis, 1st
Infantry, California Volunteers, Lieut. Edgar, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, and
Assistant Surgeon Geo. S. Courtright, U. S. Volunteers.

The command destroyed one hundred and fifty lodges of the best manufacture, a
large amount of dried meats, berries, buffalo robes, powder, cooking utensils, &c. ;
also, a buggy and spring wagon, the property of "Sierrito" or "Little Mountain,"
the Kioway Chief.

Nov. 27. An Apache Indian, in attempting to escape from Capt. Thompson's Company, 1st
Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, en route to Fort Whipple, was killed by the guard.

Nov. 27. Col. Oscar M. Brown, 1st Cavalry, California Volunteers, with one hundred men re-
turned from a scout to the Apache country. Four squaws were captured by Col.
Brown's command. Although this scout, of nearly sixty days, was unsuccessful, it
was one of the hardest of the year.

Dec. 2. One thousand and twenty Navajo Indians, having in their possession three thousand
five hundred sheep and goats, four hundred horses and thirty mules, arrived at Fort
Sumner.

December. Major E. W. Eaton, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, on a scout after Indians, came
upon their camp near Red River ; killed one Indian and took two prisoners, and re-
covered one hundred and seventy-five sheep, one horse and one burro. These were
the Indians who helped to run off sheep from Limitar, on the 8th of November.

Dec. 15. Capt. Allen L. Anderson, 5th U. S. Infantry, with a small party of men, attacked an
Indian Rancheria near the Weaver Mines, Arizona, killed three and wounded three
Apache Indians.,

Dec. 15. Capt. John Thompson, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, with a party of twelve en-
listed men, attacked an Apache Rancheria near Weaver, Arizona, and killed eleven
and wounded four.

Dec. 24. Lieut. Paul Dowlin, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, reports that on his return trip
from Fort Whipple, Arizona, the Navajo Indians run off fourteen of his mules.

Dec. 25. A band of Apache Indians made an attack on the town of Rincon, near Fort
McRae, New Mexico, took a Mexican boy prisoner and drove off nine head of cattle.
A party was started in pursuit and succeeded in recovering three head of cattle.
The Mexican boy's body was found, lanced in several places.

Dec. 29. Capt. William Brady, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, reports that he found the body
of Reyes Flores, the guide, near the Tuleroso Saw Mill. Whether he had been killed
by Indians or by others, is not certain.

Dec. 31. Lieut. Samuel L. Barr, with Company "F," 5th U. 8, Infantry, and a detachment of
1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers, surprised an Indian camp, near Sycamore Springs,
Arizona ; killed four Indians and captured two head of cattle*

RECAPITULATION of a census of the Navajo Indians on the Reservation, at the Bosque Redon-
do, New Mexico, on the 31st day of December, 1864, their stock, &c. Taken by Capt.
FRANCIS McCABE, 1st Cavalry, N. M. Volunteers.

No. of Lodges 1,276

No. of families 1,783

No. of Males, from 50 to 80 years of age, 300

No. of Males, from 18 to 50 years of age, 2,129

No. of Males, from 5 to 18 years of age, 1,525

No. of Male Infants, 134

No. of Females, from 50 to 80 years of age, 373

No. of Females, from 18 to 50 years of age, 2,187

No. of Females, from 5 to 18 years of age, 1,418

No. of Female Infants 288

Total population 8,354

No. of Horses 3,038

No. of Mules, 143

No. of Sheep, 6,962

No. of Goats, 2,757

No. of Loom's, . . 630

Average number of persons to each family is near 5

" " Horses " 4t ' 2

" Sheep " 4

AGGREGATES.

Number of Apache Indians at the Bosque Redondo Reservation, on the 31st day of Decem-
ber, 1864.
MESCALERO APACHES.

Men 113

Women, 153

Children, 139

Total, '. 405

GILA APACHES.

Men, 5

Women, 5

Children, 10

Total, 20

GILA APACHES en route to the Reservation.

Men, , . 8

Women 6

Total, 14

Making the total number of captive Indians, as follows :

Number of Indian captives on the Reservation on the 31st of

December, 1863, 703

Number who were captured and who surrendered themselves dur-
ing the year 1864 8,090

Total, 8,793

During the year 1864, the few troops serving within the Department of New Mexico, were
obliged to undergo extraordinary labors, privations and hardships, in following the line of
their duty. Early in the year, while the country was still covered with snow, their marches
in pursuit of Navajo Indians, in continuation of the campaign begun in the summer of 1863
the frequent combats with bands of that tribe, not only in the Navajo country, but in the open
plains to the ea-t of the Rio Grande, exhibited courage, self-denial, perseverance, ability and
the will to encounter and to endure protracted hardship.?, on the part of both officers and
men, which would be very creditable to any troops in the army.

It was often their lot to be compelled, from the nature of the country and, sometimes, from
limited means of transportation, to carry their blankets and provisions on their backs, and
to struggle for days through deep snows, over mountains through forests and down

through the deep mazes of the most wonderful canons in the world in pursuit of a wily and
active enemy, who was familiar with every rod of that distant and, in many places, hitherto
considered inaccessible region.

It was their lot to feel that, even though they were successful in'their efforts, far beyond the
success which had attended the labors of others who had preceded them in campaigns against
these Indians, still they would win none of that eclat which those receive for, perhaps, no
harder service on other fields. It was their lot to show fidelity, and integrity, and earnestness
in their labors for the public good prompted to this course, not by the expectation of ap-
plause or advancement but by a feeling honestly to discharge their Juty, though no approv-
ing eye witnessed their labors or their sufferings, and they had no credit save that shown ia
the mirror of a clear conscience, or by the approval of their own hearts. The results which
followed such labors will be considered as remarkable in the annals of Indian warfare.

The Navajos soon found that they had no place of security from such determined adversa-
ries ; and, being pressed on every hand by unexampled rigor, the spirit of the tribe was soon
broken. Many were captured, and more voluntarily surrendered; when, in bands of from
fifty to one and two thousand, they commenced their pilgrimage to the Bosque Redondo, a
place selected for them by the Government, and situated upon the open plains east of the
Rio Grande, and more than four hundred miles from their native valleys and mountains. The
exodus of this whole people, men, women, and children, with their flocks and herds leaving
forever the Jand of their fathers, was an interesting but a touching sight.

Then came the operations of the troops against the Apaches of Arizona. To those ac-
quainted with the difficulties of campaigning in that distant country formidable against the
movement and supply of troops in every way in which a country can be formidable, whether
considered on account of its deserts, its rugged and sterile mountains, its frequent and often
impassable defiles, and, in widely extended regions, the scarcity of water and grass the won-
der will be that the troops were ever able to overtake the Indians at all. Although the re-
sults of operations in that Territory were not sd great as hoped for, yet they were creditable,
and were won at an expense of toil and privation of which any description could give but a
faint idea to one who had never traversed this very singular country. The marches of the
troops were long, and sometimes repaid by but poor results. For example: on one expedi-
tion, under one of our most distinguished officers, the troops marched 1,200 miles, and act-
ually killed but one Indian. Oftentimes long scouts would be made, and not an Indian, or
even the track of one would be discovered. Yet, the movements of the troops in every di-
rection through the country of the Arizona Apaches, and a few partial encounters with them,
attended by great good fortune, gave us the morale over them, until now they are inclined to
flee at the sight of our armed parties, and scatter in all directions, and not to stand upon hill-
tops and crags and jeer at our men by insulting cries and gestures, as they did when we first
began war upon them. It is hoped that in a short time they too will be sufficiently subdued
to surrender and go upon a Reservation.

While all this was doing, the Indians of the plains commenced their attacks upon the trains
of the Government and of citizens coming out with supplies. This required that troops
should be sent out to help these trains past the points of danger. Once this was done, and
the most of the trains secure, an expedition was formed to punish even these Indians for their
conduct. The Kioways had been the most hostile, and had committed some of the most
atrocious of the murders. It so happened that in Colonel Carson's brilliant affair with the
Comauches and Kioways, on the 25th of November, the Kioways suffered the most loss, and
had their beautiful village of 150 lodges, together with all their property and reserve of food,
entirely destroyed.

Not only have the troops thus followed and punished the Indians, but they have opened
new roads, repaired others which had become destroyed by floods, have built posts, guarded
trains through the interior of Arizona and New Mexico, and conducted the thousand* of cap-
tive Indians from the old Navajo country to the Reservation; and not only guarded them
there, but have directed their labors in opening up what will be one of the most magnificent
farms in the United States.

The General commanding the Department takes great pleasure in being able to congratu-
late the troops on such a record. The increased security of life and property throughout
this widely extended Department, attest? the beneficial results which spring from these efforts.
The prosperity of New Mexico and Arizona will be sure to follow. So it must ever be a

source of gratification and pride to every officer and soldier engaged in this great labor, to
know that the people for whom he has toiled, are getting to be more secure in their lives,
and to be better off in their worldly condition.

All this has been done quietly and without ostentation, on the part of the troops. In the
great events which have marked the struggle of our country to preserve intact the union of
all the States, it was not expected that such labors would receive the attention of the General
Government. But the fact that two great States will yet date their rise, progress, and the
commencement of their prosperity, from this subjugation of hostile Indians, will always be
most gratifying to remember, by those who so nobly did the work.
By command of BRIGADIER-GENERAL CARLETON :

BENJAMIN C. CUTLER,

Assistant Adjutant-General.

[For Recapitulation of the foregoing synopsis, see last page. J

After the shameful surrender of Twiggs and L'ynde, as mentioned
heretofore, the rebels held almost undisputed sway in Texas, Arizo-
na and New Mexico. It devolved upon the " California Column "
to aid that eminent General, Edward R. S. Canby, in ridding these
Territories of the pestilent horde. By way of parenthesis, the rebel
troops in this section looked more like Du Chaillu's gorillas than
human beings. This work was effectively done, the rebels retreat-
ing at our approach until not one of them was left. In this connec-
tion, permit me to quote an order of the late lamented General
Wright, which bears upon this peculiar service.

HEAD-QUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., August llth, 1862.

[General Orders, No. 30.]

The General commanding the Department has the pleasure of announcing that our Flag
waves in triumph over the whole of Arizona. On the 21st of June, Brigadier-General Carle-
^on, commauding the "Column from California," detached from Tuscon a strong reconnoi-
tering force under command of Lieut. Col. E. E. Eyre, 1st Cavalry, C. V. The command,
after a hard march, reached the Rio Grande on the 4th of July, and raised our National Colors
over Fort Thorn, all the rebels having fled at the approach of our troops.

To Lieut. Col. Eyre, and the officers and men of the 1st Cavalry, composing the reconnoi-
tering force, the highest praise is awarded ; they had the honor of raising the Stars and Stripes
over the last strong-hold of the rebels on this side of the Rio Grande.

By order of BRIGADIER-GENERAL WRIGHT :

R. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant-General.

Conspicuous as a regiment appears the Second Cavalry, the regi-
ment of which your President was the recent Colonel, and which
was at first commanded by that bold and dashing cavalry leader,
General Andrew Jackson Smith, whose name is to this day a terror
to the rebels, and whose deeds of prowess will go down to immor-
tality in the land of history, prose, and song.

This regiment has, perhaps, with the exception of those of the
" California Column," seen more service and done more actual fight-

ing than any other of the California forces. In the Utah expedition
under General Conner it played an important part, and for the past
two years, in the northeastern portion of this State and in Nevada j
it has been constantly on the march, having frequent engagements
with the various tribes of hostile Indians which infect that quarter,
and has invariably come off victorious.

The battle had by Col. Evans with Indians, near Camp Indepen-
dence early in the spring of 1862, although resulting in his being
compelled to retire, yet such was the skill and bravery displayed by
himself and the forces under him, that he received especial com-
mendation therefor. I cannot conclude the history of this regiment
without mentioning an order issued by the Department Commander
in regard to the battle of Bear river, which is in the following words
and figures, to wit :

HEAD-QUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC, ' )
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., February 19, 1863. j"

[General Orders, No. 6.]

The General commanding the Department has the gratification of announcing a signal vic-
tory gained by the California Volunteers under the command of Colonel P. Edward Connor,
on the 29th of January, 1863, over a large body of hostile Indians, strongly posted on Bear
river, Washington Territory, one hundred arid fifty miles north of Salt Lake City.

The force engaged consisted of Companies "A," "H," U K," and " M," 3d Cavalry, under
the immediate command of Major Edward McGarry, 3d Cavalry, and Company " K," 3d In-
fantry. The battle lasted four hours, and its severity Is well attested by the loss of the com-
batants; two hundred and twenty-four Indians being left on the field, while the loss of the
troops was fifteen men killed, and four officers and forty-nine men wounded, out of a force
not exceeding two hundred actually engaged. One officer (Lieut. Chase, 3d Cavalry) and
five enlisted men, have since died of their wounds.

Colonel Conner awards the highest praise to Major McGarry, 3d Cavalry, and Major Galla-
gher, and Surgeon Reid, 3d Infantry, for their coolness, gallantry and skill, and bears testi.
mony to the perseverance and gallantry of company officers throughout the action, and
closes his report by saying, " Of the good conduct and bravery of both officers and men, Cal-
ifornia has reason to be proud."

By order of BRIGADIER-GENERAL WRIGHT :

R. C. DRUM,

Assistant Adjutant-General.

The Second Infantry, recently on duty in Arizona, now on their
way in to be mustered out, have seen much service, and claim to
have shed the first blood of the California troops. Their present
Colonel, Thomas F. Wright, recently headed a successful engage-
ment against the Apache Indians. It is impossible to notice all the
skirmishes in which our volunteers have taken part, and whilst all
have done so well it would not be impartial to discriminate, and so
the leading features only are given.

"We must not here forget to mention the arduous service rendered
by the California troops in the recent campaign of General John S.
Mason in Arizona against the Apaches; and if the results achieved

are not what were expected, and the success commensurate with the
expenditure, it is not owing to the lack of fighting qualities of the
command.

The operations of the troops known as the California Hundred?
and the battalion of four companies of cavalry that left our shores
for the seat of war, were incorporated into a Massachusetts regiment.
They were not known as California volunteers ; they rendered effect-
ive service, and Massachusetts gains the glory as well as the reliej
furnished to her citizens, who by this means escaped the much
dreaded draft.

Such then is a brief epitome of the operations of our volunteers,
The present Commander of the Department of California, thus
gracefully alludes to them :

HEAD-QUARTEBS, DEPARTMENT OF CALIFORNIA, )
- SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., October 16, 1865. j"

[General Orders, No. 19.]

I. In compliance with General Orders No. 10, from Division Head Quarters, the following
troops will be mustered out of service as soon as the necessary rolls and returns can be prop-
erly prepared :

The 8th Infantry, C. V.

The companies of the 6th Infantry, C. V., at Benicia and those of the regiment at Camp
Drum, under orders for San Francisco.

************ *****

IV. The occasion of the discharge of these troops is taken by the Department Commander,
to express his appreciation of the uniform good conduct, faithful service, and soldiery bearing
of the California and Nevada Volunteers. With few, very few, and mostly unimportant ex.
ceptions.they have conducted themselves throughout his entire command with great credit to
themselves, to the State, and to their country, and it is with sincere regret he sees draw near
the day which is to sever the official connection with the United States military service, Of a
body of men so well calculated in every way to maintain its honor and to add to its glory. On
their return to civil life they will carry with them his best and kindest wishes for their
prosperity and happiness.

By Command of MAJOR-GENERAL MCDOWELL:

R. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant General.

At the commencement of the rebellion all the regular troops were
withdrawn from this coast, with the exception of the Ninth Regi-
ment of infantry, and a few companies of artillery.

The great and arduous work of protecting our vast frontier from
invasion by the rebels, via Arizona and New Mexico, was left to our
State volunteers. To them was entrusted the task of keeping
quiet within our borders the restless and traitorous spirits who were
engaged day and night in the nefarious scheme of plunging Califor-
nia into the vortex of civil strife, and have her unite her fortunes
with the misguided South.

That this State has been more than once upon the brink of revo-
lution there can be no doubt, and evidence of much accumulation is

now on file in the military archives of this Department, implicating
men you would little dream of. But owing to the prudent policy
and firm course pursued by General Wright, together with the judi-
cious disposition of the volunteer force at his command, we were
happily spared all the horrors of civil war.

Intercepted correspondence on the Rio Grande has proved that
the conquest of California was a pet scheme of General David S.
Terry, Dan Sho waiter (recently killed in a drunken brawl in Mazat-
lan), Philip T. Herbert, Judge Porter of Calaveras, J. Lancaster
Brent, and others, old residents of California, who had accepted
commissions in the southern army. The plan was well matured,
but checked in its inception by the vigilance of General Carleton
and Colonel George W. Bowie.

Prominent sympathisers of the rebellion in this State were in con-
stant correspondence with the rebel chiefs, and it was amusing to
hear their denunciations of the "Abolition Government" when their
dispatches did not come regularly to hand. The Knights of the
Golden Circle, and Order of the Sons of the Columbian Star, were
far more numerous than quiet citizens were aware of. Plots to seize
and rob our mail steamers were rife, to convert them into pirates,
hoist the stars and bars, skull and crossbones, or flag of any device,
were constantly being formed.

Plans to seize the fortifications in the harbor of San Francisco,
blow up the arsenal at Benicia, after stealing all the arms, ordnance
and ammunition, only failed of being successfully carried out by the
strict integrity and thorough discipline of the State volunteers on
guard.

But men loyal, good and true were here found to respond to their
country's call in her hour of trial. Their step kept time to the
music of the Union, and " order reigned in Warsaw."

While other States were devastated and ruin stared them in the
face, here was peace and plenty, a land flowing with golden milk
and honey. Our merchants amassed colossal fortunes, bankers sud-
denly became immensely rich, and the toiling agriculturist, despite
of the high price and scarcity of labor, found a market for his pro-
duce at remunerative prices ; the land teemed with fruits, garnered
from bounteous harvests in time of comparative peace.

The credit of the Nation, taxed to its utmost tension to collect
sufficient gold to even meet the payment of the interest upon the
public debt, looked to the boundless supply that rolled in from our
El Dorado by each swift-sailing steamer. Wall Street was ruled by
our never-failing stream of treasure. The strain upon the Govern-

ment credit was relaxed, the war carried to a successful prosecution^
and the nation emerged from a volume of debt, which challenges
the admiration of the world for the soundness and extent of her
financial system.

To what extent you added to the accomplishment of this end you
yourselves are fully conversant. Time will determine all things,
and History will do you justice. Your deeds and actions will shine
bright in the pages of posterity, long, long after the present race of
California politicians shall have sunk into everlasting oblivion.

The following statistics are offered as worthy of preservation, as
showing the amount of treasure, bullion and merchandise shipments
from January 1st, 1861, to January 1st, 1866, from the port of San
Francisco :

1861 $40,676,758

1862 42,561,761

1863 46,071,920

1864 .' 55,707,201

1865 44,426,171

Grand total $229^443,811

Besides this, many millions have left our shores in the hands of
passengers, to swell this vast amount.

The exports of merchandise foot up as follows :

1861 $ 9,888,072

1862 10,565,294

1863 13,877,399

1864 13,271,752

1865 14,554,130

Grand total $62,156,647

A precious haul one shipment of this would have been to the
pirate Rafael Semmes, or the buccaneer in embryo, Captain Hogg of
the Salvador. But the former ended his infamous catalogue of crime
under the guns of the Kearsage, and the latter, caught on the thresh-
hold of his career by the gallant Davenport of our navy, is now en-
joying the hospitalities of the warden of the California State Prison,
very much, no doubt, to the disgust of Frank Pixley and his mule.

Having passed cursorily over the valuable services rendered by
you, we are led to inquire, now that you have laid aside the bayonet
and the sword, and quietly returned to the walks of civil life in the
State of your adoption, whether there has been any public recogni-
tion^of your services ? whether your fellow citizens have endeavored
to procure situations for you, to place you on such a footing as your

talents and experience deserve ? whether they have followed the ex-
ample set by their eastern brethren, of giving all due honor to the
returned soldier, and extending to him all aid in their power ? If
there has been a single instance of " public recognition," I am not
aware of it. ~No I brother officers, the lip-loyalty men of California
have turned upon you the cold shoulder, and after years of toil, pri-
vation and hardship, you are turned out to graze on short feed like
a broken-down mustang. Whether you will continue -to suffer such
treatment depends entirely upon yourselves ; we have the power in
our own hands, and it only requires organization to make it thor-
oughly effective.

It has before been observed that it is next to impossible for a dis-
banded volunteer to obtain a situation in this State. Yet, such is
the case, as can be attested by the experience of thousands. I must
here make an honorable exception in the case of General Miller,
our present Collector. A soldier himself of undaunted courage,
and whose distinguished services have been rewarded by his present
position, without the aid of any California politician, laus Deo, has
thrown wide the portals of the Custom House to the disbanded offi-
cer and the discharged soldier, an act worthy of especial praise and
commendation. These stay-at-home patriots, who invariably have
graced Platt's Hall with their white cravats and long sanctimonious
faces, singing "John Brown," and chaunting the battle cry of the 54th
Massachusetts (colored), " God and Governor Andrew," whenever
a public occasion could be had for them to obtrude their hollow pre-
tensions before the public, are now the men that, since the war is
over and they no longer dread the lash of the southern slave driver,
look with scorn upon the humble instrument which has saved their
property from ruin and their sacred persons from castigation. '

What have the press done to advocate the claims of the Volun-
teers ? With a few honorable exceptions, they have looked upon us
as old Long Tom Coffin said to Captain Boroughcliffe, "a dog before
a soldier."

The item men and pennyliners of the city newspapers, have taken
a fiendish delight during the whole war in chronicling the short-
comings of the soldier, the infamous outrages committed by the
the " boys in blue." Words too violent and terms too harsh have
not been spared upon the unfortunate volunteer, whilst the occasion
is taken of the arrest of a poor inebriated soldier, to glorify the ad-
mirable municipal police system of San Francisco ; and liken officer
Hose, the terror of every Chinaman who loves chickens, to a modern

Vidocq, and Blitz, the hackmen's ogre, to the ne plus ultra of a Lon-
don Bow street officer.

These same journals have been advocating that nullifying Act of
the Legislature of this State, the " Specific Contract Law" disre-
garding \he fact of how the troops were paid on this coast article
after article appearing of exceedingly questionable loyalty. ~No
wonder then, that to you, these fulminations were distasteful ; but
when your services were required to save these venomous sheets
from destruction, where were you? did you falter in your duty?
Never ! ! With alacrity you obeyed the order of your Commanding
General, and I will venture to assert that during the whole of the
war, no duty was ever performed by California troops so disagree-
able and distasteful as shielding those very same San Francisco
printing offices from sack and ruin by an infuriated mob.

Before calling your attention particularly to the last Legislature
of this State, a body which has cast upon itself so much odium, as
far as you are individually and collectively concerned, and which,
whilst criticising the acts of our Chief Magistrate, the President of
the United States, and freely giving him their advice as to how
to administer the Government, yet at the same time, with un-
paralleled presumption, suggesting to him who shall be his Cabinet
ministers, and the Major-Generals to command his armies without
then, I say, examining these modern legislative law givers in detail
at present, I wish to call your attention to the militia system of this
State.

I cull from Gen. Evans' report, a document of much value to the
State Volunteers, evincing much patient research, the following in-
formation, as showing the present nominal strength of the State
Militia :

" By the subjoined tables and roster of the militia, it appears that
at the present time, there are mustered into service under the laws
of California, one hundred and forty companies of infantry, twenty
companies of cavalry, and five companies of artillery, forming the
total number of one hundred and sixty-five companies, averaging
each fifty men, and aggregating a force of eight thousand two hun-
dred and fifty men. Of these companies there have been organized,
armed and equipped, since May first, eighteen hundred and sixty-
four, thirty-two ; and during that period seven companies were dis-
banded by order, for failing to maintain organization according to
law, and one other by consolidation. During the same period one
regiment and three battalions have been organized."

The Legislature, at its last session, passed an amended militia law,
the details of which I am not sufficiently familiar with to discuss.

It should be your aim and object to bring to the training of the
State militia the experience, discipline and drill that you have ac-
quired during the past four years by service in garrison and the field.
You are competent, and should not let deter you from this arduous
but laudable duty the witty saying of the late lamented Phoenix, who
pronounced our militia " soldiers in peace, citizens in war." This
subject is one of the greatest importance. So admirable and thor-
ough is the militia system of the different cantonments of Switzer-
land, that this little republic can in an incredibly short space of time
throw into the field, fully armed and equipped, one hundred and
seventy-five thousand disciplined men. In this respect, at the com-
mencement of this war, the South greatly excelled us. She had her
State and private military schools, where the officer was drilled and
educated. John Adams has remarked that the Republic had four
chief institutions which should be " sacredly preserved, as the foun-
dation of the liberty, happiness and prosperity of the people," and
these were, the Towns, the Churches, the Schools, and the Militia.

In the December ~No. (1865) of Copper's U. S. Service Magazine
a work, by the way, which should be read regularly by you all
appears an article on "Military Organization," by Major-General
Thomas J. Wood, commanding " Central District of Arkansas," a
West Point officer of distinction. Referring to the national militia
system, General Wood says :

"As intimately connected with the maintenance of the permanent
military establishment of the nation, the proper organization of the
national militia is a matter of grave importance. The subject should
early engage the attention of Congress, a uniform and efficient sys-
tem be enacted, and its enforcement throughout the entire country
intrusted to officers specially assigned to that duty. All the arms-
bearing citizens should be required to do military service a certain
portion of the time in each year, within the limits of their own
States. By this means the rudiments of military instruction would
be disseminated among the people. It is not apprehended that the
military spirit of the American people will soon fall seriously into
decay ; but it should be borne in mind that martial ardor, unin-
structed, will not at once make an efficient army out of citizens drawn
from all the associations of peaceful pursuits. Whatever dissemi-
nates military instruction among the people renders the formation
of an active army more facile.

"A minute system of military regulations, comprehending every
branch of the military establishment so minute, indeed, as to
meet as nearly as possible every case that could possibly arise in
the administration of the service should be published, and the
observance of them strictly enforced alike on the highest and the
lowest. The preparation of these regulations should be intrusted to

the most accomplished and best cultivated military men in the
country men of thorough military education and large practical
experience of the administration of armies in the field. Deviation
from them should be the result of an inexorable necessity knowing
no other resource, and should be tolerated only in this case. There
was much popular claptrap heard during the war of the rebellion
about 'cutting red tape,' and the tape cutters were generally esteemed
by ill-informed persons in the military service, and by the bulk of
the people, to have done a very meritorious action ; but it is confi-
dently believed such is not the judgment of the best informed mili-
tary men of the country men who exemplified in their own careers
the necessity and propriety of a rigid obedience to law and regula-
tions, and who, nevertheless, did more by far to suppress the rebel-
lion than all the red tape cutters to whom the war gave a public ex-
istence. It is confidently asserted that there is no recorded instance
in which Generals Grant, Sherman or Thomas found it necessary to
cut any red tape ; though, had it been absolutely necessary for the

food of the country to do so, they are all men who would promptly
ave taken the responsibility of applying the scissors to the most
time-honored regulations. They obviated the necessity of pursuing
a course in conflict with the army regulations and military laws, by
making proper and ample preparation in advance to meet, so far as
human foresight could do it, all the requirements of the service. It
is not denied that there may be occasions when it may be necessary
for a commander to adopt a course outside of the regulations, or
even in direct conflict with them ; but it is believed such instances
are few indeed, and can generally be guard^d.againstbv proper pre-
cautions taken sufficiently in advance. S? f

"The opinion is hazarded that in most of the cases during the late
war, when it was absolutely necessary to perform the popular oper-
ation of cutting red tape, the necessity w T as due to the previous neg-
lect of the commander, who, subsequently, could relieve himself
from the consequences of his previous neglect only by ignoring the
regulations for the administration of the military service, and other-
wise transcending the legitimate functions of his office.

"And the further opinion is hazarded that in nine cases out often
in which red tape was cut during the war, it was done more in the
interest of the cutter, or to gratify some favorite whim or caprice of
his, than in the interest of the country. When the extent of the
lawlessness which was practiced during the war, in setting aside laws
and trampling on the army regulations, is considered, it is believed
these remarks will not be deemed unfounded or inappropriate.

"It has been remarked that all military men of every grade should
be educated for the profession of arms. The United States Military
Academy, more fostered by the Government, and its capacity suffi-
ciently expanded to furnish annually the number of officers required
by the increasing demands of the military service of the country,
would nobly and amply supply the necessary theoretic and much ot
the practical military education. But, with the organization herein
proposed, the permanent military establishment would be a vast

military school. In this school young men of natural adaptability
for the military profession, who have received the necessary previous
general education, would soon acquire sufficient military instruction
to entitle them to promotion. This they should and doubtless would
receive. The influence of such promotion on the morale of the army
would be of the very greatest advantage."

Such are the opinions of an educated and accomplished soldier,
who has digested the subject thoroughly and treated it with a master
hand. Follow out these views, and in the event of another war,
foreign or domestic, you will have none such pompous heroes as he
of Big Bethel and Fort Fisher, Benjamin F. Butler, the greatest
military abortion of the present age, or such Red River gasconades
as ~N. P. Banks, who, during his campaign in the Southwest, instead
of endeavoring to meet the enemy in the field, seemed principally
to devote his time and consume the vast resources of the Govern-
ment at his command, in holding elections and establishing Sunday
schools. Nor would it be deemed necessary, in order to cover up
the Waterloo defeat of a prominent politician, as was the case of
Colonel Baker at Ball's Bluff, by the incarceration of a West Point
General. See the case of General Charles P. Stone, who was con-
fined in Fort Lafayette at the instance of Charles Sumner and his
radical crew, kept a close prisoner for a year, never able to know
what charges had been preferred against him, and finally released
without a trial! History will do General Stone justice, and here in
California he is too well known as a true patriot and estimable gen-
tleman to suffer in the estimation of those who know him, because
he has been made the victim of an unholy crusade, waged with all
the vindictiveness and pertinacity of partisan warfare.

My attention has lately been called to the repeated assaults of the
""New York Tribune" against West Point, a paper which is now
daily filled with diatribes and vulgar slang, aimed at the President
of the United States. This paper has gone so far as to say that "the
regular army did as much to help the South as the North." -

In reply to this, a graduate of that institution has furnished the
following statistics, which are a triumphant refutation of its vile
slanders :

" Of the twelve hundred officers in the regular army when the war
began, one hundred and eighty-one were killed while fighting for
the Union, and nearly five hundred wounded more than one half
the original number yet they are reproached with i gentlemanly
fighting.' There were in the regular army, at the commencement
of the war, eight hundred and twenty graduates of West Point, of
whom one hundred and ninety-seven resigned and joined the rebels;

but of the six hundred and twenty-one who remained and fought
for the Union, one hundred and thirty-eight were Southern men."

Our first California regiments were commanded hy West Point-
ers, and it has heen the salvation of this coast that we have had such
experienced officers of the regular army in the different bureaus of
military administration here.

Your Society has paid a handsome tribute, and most justly mer-
ited it is, to the present able and accomplished Assistant Adjutant-
General of California, by naming him as a member in its Constitu-
tion. To Brevet Brigadier-General Richard C. Drum, U. S. A., do
the people of the Pacific slope owe an everlasting debt of gratitude,
one they can never repay. Prompt and reliant, he has always been
at his post of duty'; discriminating in his actions and possessing a
thorough knowledge of our people and their wants, his advice and
assistance have been of the greatest importance to the various heads
of departments with whom he has been assigned. The California;
Volunteers will never cease to love and respect General Drum for
his many acts of courtesy and kindness to them.

The recurrence to the session of the last Legislature is as distaste-
ful to me as doubtless it will be to you. It would be a Herculean
task to winnow the wheat from the chaff, and amidst the chaos of
heterogeneous legislation decipher any lasting good from their sage
counsels, with the exception, perhaps, of two saving clauses the
passage of the constitutional amendment abolishing slavery, and the
enactment of the registry law, and some minor laws.

In my opinion, it has done much toward the disintegration of the
Union Party and holding it up to ridicule in this State, and that in
order for us to be successful in the campaign of the ensuing fall, we,
as a party, shall require a thorough reorganization, cleaning the Au-
gean stables from the corrupt and unprincipled demagogues who
have for the past four years held riot in high places. That this will
be a task of no easy accomplishment it may well be so determined
here. As we are now again entering upon the pursuits of civil life,
all of us naturally are looking around for employment. Those who
were engaged in active professional pursuits find now their places
filled and clients gone ; men formerly in business find their associa-
tions changed and new parties in their places. The void of four
years has been supplied with new men. Besides all this, many have
not the financial capital to commence life anew. It is but natural',
then, that, the returned volunteer should look with a longing eye
upon the numerous lucrative State and County offices to be filled by
election by the people. To the professional politician, and dominant

satraps of the present Union Party of California, he will he crushed
at the outset of his career, if silently permitted. The volunteer can
expect nothing from them. During the last winter, at Sacramento,
the "slate" was made up for next fall; and I venture to assert that
not one position has heeri assigned to the soldier. Whilst Rhode Island
elects Burnside as her Governor, Ohio Gen. Cox, sending Schenck
to Congress, Illinois having for Governor Gen. Ogleshy, and Con-
necticut Hawley, and other States showing their gratitude to the
military leaders of the nation, it remains for California, under Re.
publican rule, to totally ignore the claims of her soldier sons, and
follow the dictation of a partisan Central Committee and a vascilla-
ting and mediocre Legislature.

In speaking to a prominent republican of this city not long since
upon this very subject, and urging the claims of the soldier to party
consideration, remarking that at least he had one chance, viz : an
appointment in the Custom House under General Miller, who would
probably fill it from that class, he remarked, " General Miller had
better be careful how he treads ; we won't stand it ! Parties are sup-
ported by politicians ; they fight its battles (political, of course), and
if we are to have none of the offices we will let the elections go by
default; the Democrats will sweep everything, and then there wil
be no Custom House for the Volunteer." This is verbatim et literatim
et punctuatim, as I .recollect it.

Here then is the secret, the loaves and fishes, throwing principle to
the dogs. Gov. Marcy originated the expression " to the victor be-
longs the spoils." It remains now then for you who have fought for
and help to win our splendid victory, whether you will permit your-
selves to be cheated out of your well-earned rights, by a class of con-
ceited, narrow-minded, illiberal, predjudiced, ignorant, and illiterate
gang of political desperadoes, who now hold carnival in the fat and
lust of office.

By organizing in every town, hamlet, precinct, and county in this
State, by pledging yourselves to stand by each other, by acting in all
things in unison and in concert, you can make yourselves heard and
felt. Such an organization would, of course, be separate and distinct
from this, as your Constitution clearly indicates. By acting dis-
jointly and disconnectedly you will accomplish nothing. To attain a
successful result and render a plan of this kind effective, you must
have concert of action. But be careful not to go too far, do not at-
tempt to control the politics of the State, although you have fifteen
thousand votes to start with, only operate as a body to be heard when

you demand your proportionate share, and that only, of the offices
within the gift of the people.

By proceeding prudently and wisely, using reason for your argument,
substantiated by incontestable proof, you will rally around you an army
of adherents that will prove themselves invincible. The tables will
be turned, and instead of you humbly petitioning for relief, as you
did at the last Legislature, you will have ex-Senators and members
button-holeing you for clerkships, seeking your influence for some
pet lobby scheme, and before the session is over, willing almost to
black your boots and wear your cast-off habiliments.

The manner in which your claims were treated by the last Legis-
lature are too familiar to you all to require much comment here. It
but remains for you to now administer the rod of correction to the
spoilt child. To see whether a grateful constituency will indorse the
numerous peccadilloes and shortcomings of the august body, which
for the credit and safety of the State, has been brought to a close by
Constitutional limitation.

Of course there are honorable exceptions amongst all that have
been classed. Senator Lovett, of Monterey, and Wilcox of MarL
posa, the Hercules of the House, both introduced bills for our bene-
fit, and are entitled to our grateful acknowledgments. It is impos-
sible to enumerate all bur friends, but they were many. The
majority, however, triumphed ; and let us say to them in the language
of the handwriting upon the wall. Mem, mene, tekel upharsin. You
have been weighed in the balance and found wanting.

I cannot bid farewell to this immaculate body of modern law
makers, without complimenting Senator Freeman, of Tulare, a
member of the opposition, and slightly, yes, VERY, rebellious^ in-
clined. A genuine rebel and who hates a Copperhead cordially.
He has invariably, through the whole of the war, voted for every
bill for the relief of the officer and soldier, assigning as a reason that
they were in the service and should be paid accordingly. An exam-
ple that might be followed with credit by a large majority who are
so deeply indignant at the President's policy, and who, in their as-
sembled wisdom, presume to chalk out a course for his future ac-
tion.

I cannot, in this connection, suffer you to think, that my remarks
as to the unfriendly and jealous feeling of the leaders of the Union
party toward us as a body, extends to the present able and accom
plished Chief Magistrate of this State. At the first meeting of your
society, you passed a very complimentary and well-deserved resolu-
tion, acknowledging the services of Gov. Low in behalf of the volr

unteers of this State. No Union Governor has ever done half as
much, Downey did nothing. For the recent appointment of Colonel
Harvey Lee as District Judge, and Doctor Elliott as Quarantine Offi-
cer of this port, we should publicly thank him.

It is with feelings mingled with much pleasure that I witness so
large a gathering to-night, on this our first anniversary. It augurs
well for our success, and our usefulness and enjoyment in the future.

In parting from you to-night, before the word farewell is said, let
us all unite in solemn respect to the memory of one whom in life we
loved so dearly, and who is now resting in the bosom of his Maker.
In the death of General George "Wright, our late beloved command-
er, the country lost a true and fervent patriot, the State in upright
and estimable citizen, the army a tried and gallant soldier, the fire-
side circle a patient and humble Christian, and the California Vol-
unteer a warm and earnest friend.

So tender, kind and considerate was General Wright to all his
subordinates, that all learned at once to respect him, whilst those
with whom he was brought into immediate contact were treated
with the utmost gentleness, and loved him as a father. He looked
upon his military family with pride and love, and nothing gave him
more delight than to see them attain eminence in their manifold du-
ties, and hear others speak well of them.

Your attention has been called to the peace and unexampled pros-
perity of this State during the recent rebellion. The whole indebt-
edness is due to the masterly, energetic and thoughtful policy inaugu-
rated at the commencement of the war, and steadily adhered to, by
General Wright.

He had the implicit confidence and trust of our late martyred
President. The policy pursued here was approved by him and dic-
tated, I might say, by his own hand. I fain would read you an au-
tograph letter from President Lincoln to General Wright, a letter
that would forever silence the vile slanderers who traduced him dur-
ing life, but it is not here, where is it ? floating unseen upon the
broad expanse of the Pacific, where the eye of the Almighty rests
alone upon it. When treason was most odious here, and blatant
traitors were becoming offensive to Union men, loud were the de-
nunciations of General Wright. But that stern, grave old soldier,
stood at the helm of this Department, knowing the reefs, shoals and
quicksands that threatened to engulph him, and nobly piloted the
State into a harbor of safety and peaceful quiet. Never until the
secret history of the war is written will the people of California
know how much they owe to him. His death was a Nation's loss.

That so good and pure a man should have enemies would seem
passing strange, but since there was one found to betray him who
died to save a world of sin, so were there those who conspired to
overthrow General Wright, and have him deprived of his command.
The Judas Iscariots are known.

Posterity and the faithful historian will do this noble man justice ;
and the monument to his memory, which our last Legislature failed
to authorize the construction of, will yet be raised upon its pedestal
by the grateful State of California. See that you all enact your part
in having this done.

But he has passed away from us, in company with his beloved
helpmate, the partner of his joys and sorrows for nearly a generation
of man. He was summoned unexpected into the presence of his
Glod. Had it not been for the malignity and devilish pertinacity
with which he was pursued, he would now be with us in the full tide
of life and strength. To the wicked machinations of his traducers,
does he owe his death ; and, as I stood in Sacramento, beside the
grave of my old Commander, beholding pass away from my sight all
that was mortal of him I loved so fondly, and conscious of the full
responsibility I now incur in making it known, I swore eternal ven-
geance againt those who had brought him to his untimely end, and
offered up a silent prayer that, in my humble way, I might be made
an instrument in thwarting the unholy ambition and further progress
in political life, of those harpies and fiends in human shape, who had
prostrated in death the noble form which laid before me:

RECAPITULATION.

Month.

Taken from Indians.

Taken by Indians.

Killed and Wounded.

Captured and
Surrendered.

1865.

Cttle.

Burros.

(,
$5

Comis'd
Officers.

Enlisted
Men.

Citizens.

Indians.

Killed.

N
^

1
M

I 4

Jan. 3..

" 5..

" 6..
" 11..

40
1

" 12..
1

* 14..

' 15..

t
' 24!!

200

23
19

... .

' 26..

20
18

Feb. 24.
March 4.

' 7.
' 8.

' 18.
t

' 27.
c

April 3.
7.
" 10.
" 11.
44 24.
May 1..
" 3..

3,000

473
11

120

6
30

150

230
650

159
320

" 9..
" 11..

5,000

1,000

" 25..

38
13

4
13

u 29..

JuneS..

" 11..

' 20..

4
5

7
2

2
12

' 28..

July 10 .
Aug. 1..

1,435

302

" 3..
" 6..

500

" 7..

" 13..

700

7
1

" 25..

....

Oct. 20 .
Nov. 6.

750
500

" 8..

3000

" 9..

" 25

30
1

" 27..

Dec:....

" 15

175

" 24..

" 25..

;

" 29..

'* 31..

Total . .

12,284

2,472

4,250

154

363

140

8,090

OFFICIAL :

ERASTUS W. WOOD, Aide-de-Camp.