CATALOGUE COINS OF THE SHAHS OF PERSIA IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. LONDON : PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1887. LONDON : rUIXTED IIY GILBERT & RIVINGTON (LIMITED), ST. John's hocse, clerkenwell road. THE COINS OF THE SHAHS of PERSIA, SAFAVIS, AFGHANS, EFSHARIS, ZANDS, AND KAJARS. BY REGINALD STUART POOLE, LL.D. CORRESPONDKNT OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE. LONDON : PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. Longmans & Co., Paternoster Row; B. M, Pickering, 66, Haymarket ; 15. Quaritch, 15, Piccadilly ; A. Asher & Co., 13, Bedford Street, Covent Garden', and at Berlin; TrUBNER & Co, 57 & 59 LUDGATE HiLL; Allen & Co., 13, Waterloo Place. Paris: MM. C. Rollin & I'^euardent, 4. Rue de Louvois. 1S87. THE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • i-iT T-5 With name ol Imam 'Alf-ei-lviza . . 61 CONTENTS. XI VAGV. Afj^liiins ........ (M Mahmiid ()4 Asliraf ........ 00 Safaris 09 'Abbas III. 09 With name of" Ini;im 'Ali-er-Riza . . 71 Efshi'ii-is 72 Nadir 72 Safavis ........ 85 Sam, Pretender . . . . ... 85 Efsharis 80 'AdilShah 86 Ibrahim 89 With name of Imam 'Ali-er-Riza . 90 Shall Rukh, first reign ..... 91 With name of Imam 'Ali-er-Riza . . 96 Safavis (maternally) ...... 98 Sulaiman ii . . 98 Efsharis . . . 100 Shah Rukh, third veign ... . . 100 Safavis (maternally) ...... 102 Isma'il III 102 Under tutelage of 'All Merdan Khan . 102 Under tutelage of Muhammad Hasan Kiiaii 103 Zands ......... 105 Kerim Khan ....... 105 Kajai'S 127 Muhammad Hasan Khan . . . . . 127 Afghan 130 Azad Khan 130 Khan of Ganja, with name of Nadir Shah . . 131 Zands 132 Abu-1-Fet-h Khan 132 Sadik Khan 133 'All Muiad Khan 130 Ja'afar Khan ....... 140 Lnif-'Ali Khan 142 CONTENTS. PAGE Kajiirs . . . 143 Aku Muhammad Khan ..... 14.3 Fet-h-'Ah' (13aba Khan) 148 Fet-h-'Ali Shah 150 Muhammad Shall 177 Rebellion of Hasan Khan Salar . . . 186 Nasir-ed-din . . . . . . . 187 Uncertain, time of Isma'il i. or Tahmasp i. . 209 Vassal kin«r, Timuri Babar under Isma'il i. . 210 Autonomous Copper ...... 212 Iran 212 Abu-Shah r 213 Bandar-Abu-Shahr . . . .215 Ardebil 217 Urumi 217 Isfahan 219 Erivan 221 Borujird 226 Baghdad 227 Bandar-' Abbas ? 227 Behbehan 228 Tabriz 229 Tiflis 234 Tiii 236 Tira? 236 Khoi 237 Demavend . . . . . . . 238 Eesht 238 Ea'nash 239 Sii-uj Bulagh 240 Shenu'ikhi 240 Shiraz 241 Telienin 242 Kazvin 243 Kandahar 244 Kermiinshahan ...... 250 Kiishan . 252 CONTENTS. xni Ganja • • • • * Mazenderan Mesh-hed . . • • Herat . • • • Hamadan . • • • Yazd . . • • Medals Supplement . . • • Isma'il I. . • ■ Tahmasp i. Muhammad Khudabanda 'Abbas II, . . • Sulaimiin i. . Sultan Husaiii . Mahmud Nadir . • • • Indexes . • • • I. Years . . • • II. Mints ..••••• II A. Titles of Mints . . • • • III. Names . . III A. Distichs Ill B. Invocations Ill c. Mottoes. . ..■ • IV. Miscellaneous . . • • • V. Denominations, marks and forms as of genuineness, etc. . • • • • VI. Types Tables ••••**'* Comparative Table of the Years of the Hijra and of the Christian Eva . Table of the relative weights of English grains and French grammes . . • • Table for converting English inches into millimetres and into the measures of Mionnet's scale . . • • • PAQB 253 •257 259 260 261 261 262 265 265 268 269 271 272 272 273 274 275 275 , 288 , 309 311 . 319 . 322 . 322 . 323 324 325 329 329 334 336 INTEODUGTION. T. Chronology. In preparing this Catalogue it has been necessary to fix the chronology of the reigns, as to which I have ibund no exact information in any European work. The Persian mode of reckoning a king's reign presents Porsian mode two peculiarities : a reign is counted from Enthrone- veUms. " ment, and the regnal years are counted from the New- Year's Day on each vernal equinox, the Nau-ritz, whereas all other dates are given in Muhammadan lunar years and months. The adjustment of the Persian dates to our own has therefore been a matter of some difficulty, but I cannot regret the labour entailed by the endeavour to obtain historical accuracy in these dates, which, belonging as they do to modern history, demand the most precise statement possible. To explain the method of adjustment it will be necessary Persian reckoning to state in brief the Persian mode of reckoning time. of time. This is purely Muhammadan, except that the use of the solar year is concurrent with that of the lunar. It is, however, possible that in the Muhammadan system there may be some local peculiarities. The Persian usage is therefore here stated, without any assertion that in all particulars it represents the usage of the whole Muslim world. The day begins with sunset. In Persian documents the Nigiit aud day. word s-.i , ' night,' denotes the first moiety, Jjij ' day,' the second, though it is possible that ' day ' is sometimes xvi INTRODUCTION. used for the civil day of twenty-lour hours, instead of its division, the natural day. There is thus a discrepancy in the beginnin(>- of any day in Muslim and European reckoning?, amounting to the interval from sunset to midnight, each day of the week beginning so much earlier than with us in Muslim countries, our eve of Sunday, for instance, being their night of that day. In the tables for converting Muslim into European reckoning, the European day given is not that on which the Muslim day began, but that with which it mainly coincided. In other words, the coincidence of natural days is given. This is shown in Ideler's remarks on the initial day of the Ilijra, reckoned by the Easterns as Thursday, July 14-15, A.D. 623; by the Europeans as the oriental Friday, 15-10 (liandbuch, ii. 482-485). It is important to note that the European day is that of popular observation, consequently it best suits the usual Muslim custom of observation ; thus, as Ideler remarks, the European date is to be taken when we have to do with popular use, the Oriental for astronomical observation (p. 485). Wustenfeld's Tables (" Vergleichungs-Tabellen," F. Wiis- tenfeld, Leip., 1851), following the European reckoning, Ijegin the calendar with Friday, July 16, which should be ]\iuhaniina(l:in Thursday- Friday, 15-16. Thus, in converting dates, we year. ^jau usc Wiistenfeld's Tables, allowing for his neglect of the portion of the European day, and also for the possibility of the difference of a day on either side due to observation.* The ^[uliammadan year consists of twelve lunar months, alternately of thirty and twenty-nine days, the twelfth being of twenty-nine or thirty days, this month Zu-1- • The Comparative Table of the YearH of the Ilijra and of the Christian Era at the close of the volume is, as in previous volumes, an abridgement of Wiistenfeld's work. INTRODUCTION. XVll Hijja having" thirty days eleven times ill every nineteen years (see note *). In practice a difficulty may occur as to Sha'ban, the month preceding- Ramazan^ the month of fasting-, and similarly with the beg-inniug of Shawwal, the month following Ramazan. Properly the new moon should be seen to mark the beg-inning- and end of the Fast. But no month can exceed thirty day^, consequently there is no calendric disturbance of a serious character ; the result can but be an interchange of months of twenty-nine and thirty days. In past time such variations must have often occurred : now this could only be, so far as Persia is concerned, in small and remote places, and with very strict Muslims. For in Persia, as in Egypt, the calendar is fixed by an official Almanac* * Further detail is given in the following interesting letter by General Houtum Schindler : — " The popular idea regarding the commencement of the months is that the first day of a month commences with the evening dm'ing which the new moon has first been seen. It sometimes happens at the end of the twenty-ninth day of a month that the moon has not been Been, on account of clouds, rain, &c., and the people then make the first of the month commence from sunset of the next day, coiinting the month as one of thirty days. This only occurs at small and out-of-the-way places, where almanacs are little known. The Persian astronomical almanac (taqvtm.) always gives the first day of the months correctly. No month can exceed thirty days, and doubt can only exist on account of the thirtieth day. After the thirtieth comes the first, even with the most fanatical part of the population, whether the moon has been seen or not. Seeing the moon is only of importance at the beginning and end of the Ramazan, particularly at the end. Some devout Musulmans, if they have not seen the moon continue the fast from the evening of the thirtieth till the evening of the next day, although they call this next day the first of Shevval. Ramazan always has thirty days. On the last day of Ramadan everybody is on the look-out for the faint crescent of the moon in the west, and every one on first seeing it rejoices, points it out to others, whom he embraces, &c. Should the sky at Teheran be overcast the courtiers are sad and gloomy. Then a telegram, sent in hot haste from the Central Telegraph Station, arrives with the announcement that the moon has been soon somewhere ; for instance : (six hours less a cpiartor, tho new moon has boon seen at Tabriz). The courtiers then ' heave ' a sigh of relief — Alhamdulillah ! the fast is over! but then they ^ heave' another sigh, and lengthen their faces, as they think of tho presents which they have to make to their people in the morning, c xviii INTKODUCTION. Almanacs. Probably, before the use of printing-, the most important days were defined by authority. It should, however, be noted that there is no certainty of agreement between Wiisten fold's Tables and the official almanacs. In com- paring these Tables with the Cairo Almanacs of a.h. 1243 to 1250 and 1259 to 1263 and 1265, it appears that in tliree cases the first day of the year, 1 Muharram, is dated one European day later by the Egyptian Almanac. In the conversion of dates we must therefore expect a degree of uncertainty as to the day of the month in both Muslim and European reckoning. Solar yc-ir and Besides the Muslim year, the Persians use the native * solar year, beginning at the vernal equinox, called by them the Turki year, on account of the Tatar Cycle, which gives its name to each year. In their histories each year begins with the Nau-ruz at the vernal equinox, the year being designated according to the Tatar Cycle, and also numbered according to the Hijra year.* It consequently follows that events of the Hijra year are constantly chronicled before the heading at its Nau-ruz. The spring being the season of going to war, the difficulty does not usually arise in reference to military matters. " The following figures regarding the Musulman reckoning may be useful ; they are not always accessible. A cycle of the Muhammadan era = 10,631 days = 19 years of 354 days +11 years of 355 days. *' The days of the week are the same after every seventh cycle ; first day of the year 1 was Friday, and the first day of the year 211 was again a Friday. Divide the Muhammadan year by 30 ; the remainder will be the year of the cycle, and the 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 16th, 18th, 21st, 24th, 26th, and 20th years of the cycle have 355 days. "Miiharrem, Rabi c I, Jemadi I, Rejeb, Ramazan, and Zilr^'adeh, always have tliirty days. Safer, Rabi c II, Jemadi II, Sh'aban, and Shavval, always have twenty- nine days. •• Zilliej has twenty-nine or thirty days." • The formula is as in the following example : r;iti'-Kusliai, f. \i a. INTRODUCTION. The Tatar Cycle is as follows :* o'^=f Mouse. ^Jt Bull. tHjW Tiger. o^y Hare. L^>J Crocodile, O'^i' Serjjeut. *^>! Horse. lS3^ Sheep. O-t^. Ape. ^\sL3 Hen. ^d' Dog. J3^ Hog. XIX In the use of the cycle there are disagreements as well as errors within a series. These are due to the confusion caused by no two years solar and lunar corresponding", and the consequent need occasionally to drop a lunar year con- taining no vernal equinox like a.h. 1153. Thus this year wholly disappears in the ' Histoire de Nader Chah.^ We there find the heading of the year of the Sheep corresponding to a.h. 1151 (Part ii. p. 75), and the events up to 2 Zu-1-Hijja (p. 92), and then the heading of the year of the Ape corresponding to a.h. 1152, followed by the statement that the Nau-riiz occurred on 21 [1. 12] Zu-1- Ilijja (p. 93). The next heading is that of the year of the Hen, corresponding to a.h. 1154, followed by the date of the Nau-ruz 8 Muharram (p. 119). It may be added that the date of 2 Muharram, 1 154, occurs before the entry above cited in the record of an earlier event (p. 118). Thus a whole lunar year, a.h. 1153, had elapsed between the Nau-ruz of 1152 and that of 1154. In the case of the Correspond- ence of solar and lunar years. * The list does not include variants, but only the ordinary names and their orthography in Persian sources, drawn up with Dr. Riou's kind aid. Jul lis. XX INTRODUCTION. event of 2 Muluirrani, 1151, the historian has been careful to desig'nate the Hijra year, having to deal with its second day. This is however quite exceptional, the Hijra day and month alone being- usually stated where there is a long- series of dates, divided by heading's of the beg-innings of the solar years. In determining- the reigns of the sovereigns of Persia, the Shahs must be separated from the Khans who arose after the first deposition of Shah Ilukh. The beginning- of a Shah's reign is marked by the date of his ^>A.&. julus, or enthronement, when he was crowned and enthroned, and acquired the right of being mentioned in the Friday prayers, aJ*"*- kkuiha, and having his name on the coinage a^ sikka. The rights of khutba and slkka, which were concomitants of the julus, were of the first importance; and there are instances of coins in this Catalogue showing the exercise of the right of coinage prior to enthronement. When, as usual, there was an interval between reign and reign, there must have been mention of the sovereign de jure in the khiiiha. The jnlus usually did not immediately follow the close of a predecessor's reign, probably because few of the Shahs enjoyed an undisturbed succession. It is necessary to ascer- tain the date by a collation of authorities. Some sovereigns had a first y«/yt5 on claiming the throne, before they gained possession of the capital, when they were again enthroned. The Zand and Ktijar Khans before Fet-h-'Ali Shah did not assume full rights of sovereignty. Their money shows the position they took. The founder of each line first struck money in the name of Shah Isma'il (III.) ; then Kerim Khan Zand, as vakil {^yjs^, struck in the name of tlie Imam Muhammad el-Mahdi, also using an invocation allusive to his own name; Muhammad Hasan Khan Kajar similarly coining in tlie name of the Imam 'Ali-er-Riza. Evidently they had no regular jidm. The later Zand INTKODUCTION. XXI Khans, successors of Kerim Khan, had at least in some cases a julus. But on their money they assume no regal titles : there was still a Safavi heir. The principle of Kerim Khan is not deviated from except in the appearance of the names without titles of his first successor Abu-1-Feth and his last Lutf-'Ali, 'AH Murad and Jaa'far using- allusive invocations, while Sadik repeats that of Kerim Khan. Similarly the Kajar Aka Muhammad strikes in the name of both Imams, and is content with an allusive invocation even after he had conquered his rivals, and as sole prince had a julus. Probably this was because a Safavi prince. Sultan Muhammad Mirza, had been proclaimed by him at Teheran, a.h. 1200, and was still living, although not in Persia. Azad Khan also issued Imami coinage in the name of the Mahdi, with a mention of his own name. So far the Imami coinage is the rule, the exceptions not bearing any sovereign titles. Fet-h-^Ali Shah made an extraordinary innovation. Before his julus he issued royal money, under his name Baba Khan, with the title Sultan : this is followed by his money as Shah. The regnal years of each king are the Turki years as Regnal years already stated. If a king had his julus before the Nau- ruz the excess must have been reckoned to his first year. The regnal years however are usually not numbered either in books or on coins."^ The sums of reigns were computed in Hijra years, months, and days. They are usually stated in the nearest number of years, or of years and months, the days rarely being given. The list of the author of the " Nukhbat-el-Akhbar" affords an extreme case of this vague method. He states the date of the death of Aka Mu- hammad Khan and the dates of the julus of Fet-h-'Ali Shah and his death, and yet allows Fet-h-'Ali 39 years (Or. 2837, * The Persian coins, with one certain (no. 27a***, p. 270) and ono possible exception (uo, 17, p. 9), do not give the regnal year. XXll INTRODUCTION. f. lOia-ldGa), the interval from Aka Muhammad's death to his death being 38 years, 5 months, 27 days, and that from his own j'ulus to his death being 38 years, 2 months, 25 days. One coin in the series (no. 447, p. 144) struck by Aka ]\Iuhammad Khan presents the date 2 Rejeb, 1209. It was issued at Kashan. This date, 22-23 January 1795, is not the date of Aka Muhammad's julus, nor has it any significance in the calendar. It probably refers to some local event, possibly to the passage of Aka Muhammad through the city on his return to Teheran after the capture of Kerman, if he took this route. Determination The following skctcli of the chronology of the Shahs of Persia involves a sufficient historical outline for numis- matic purposes, if compared with the Genealogical Trees and Chronological Table. A fuller history is alike beyond the scope of this work and the powers of the writer. The genealogical trees give only the chief historical persons. The Persian usage of succession is in accordance with that of European nations with whom the Salic Law has prevailed ; but the Shah has the right of selecting his heir among his descendants. Under the Kajars there is this peculiarity ; the heir mnst be a Kajar on the side of both father and mother. To date each reign research has been made in Persian manuscripts, in some cases checked by the statements of Europeans travelling in Persia in the times in question, and by the evidence of coins. The historians occasionally, and the coins in one case (that of Nadir Shah), give a chronogram (?-o^) expressing the year of enthronement, and the historians also give the month in the case of TahmaspII. There are also chronograms of the deaths of Shjihs in the histories, those of Tahmasp I. and SafI I. giving the month. Safavi Shah Isma'il Safavi was the descendant of a line of Isma'nY Sayyids who traced ])ack to 'Ali through the seventh Imam, Miisa cl-Ka/.im. The first of the line to whom INTRODUCTION. XXlll political importance can be assig-ned is Isma^iPs grand- father Jiinaid, who therefore heads the Safavi pedigree in this Catalogue.* So slight, however, was the power of Isma^Il's predecessors, that he may be regarded as alike the founder of the greatness of his family and of the Safavi dj^nasty. The date of the accession of Shah Isma'il I,, although it is the starting-point of modern Persian history, has not yet been satisfactorily determined in any European work. I am indebted to Dr. Rieu for its approximate determination. " The best sources, Jahan-ara, Lubb-ut-Tavarikh, Tarikh- i-Elchi, 'Alam-arai, all agree that the actual jalm, with Wmtha and s'llcka, took place at Tabriz, immediately after the battle of Shorur. That battle, in which Elwend Mirza and his Turkomans were routed, took place in the early spring A.H. 907 ; the Jahan-ara gives the date Saturday, 2 Ramazan, 907. The Habib-us-Siyar, which is rather loose in its chronology for that period, stands alone in speaking o^Sijulus in 90G.''t It is significant that in the year a.h. 907, the first Muslim Saturday in llamazan was our Friday-Saturday, 11-12 March, 1502, the vernal equinox falling on Friday, 11th, in the morning common to both reckonings. It is therefore highly probable that the Nau-ruz was kept on the Muslim Saturday. It should be observed that in Wiistenfeld's Tables the correspondence is Thursday, 2 Ramazan = Thursday-Friday, 10-11 March. The new moon occurred very late (9h. 40m,) in the evening of the 8th. J It is therefore quite probable that the month was not reckoned to begin before the evening of the 9th. But this is still a day too early. It may be noted that in * The dynastic lists entitled Jannat-elFiidaus begin the Safiivi line with Junaid (Or. 144, fol. 62i). t Letter from Dr. Rieu. J I am responsible for the calculations of the sun's place and of the now moon, which are sufficiently accurate for the purpose. XXIV INTRODUCTION. the MSS., Saturday <»--w may be a mistate for any other day but Friday, **<>»- or <^!il, the numeral being liable to drop out. Tlie dale 2 llamazan being apparently the Nau-ruz, it may be doubted whether in the MS. of the Jehan-ara, cited by Dr. llicu (Add. 7649, fol. 84*^), it is not chosen as the nearest date known to that of the battle. In a second and inferior MS. of the Jehan-ara (Or. 141, fol. 20 la), which is divided by rubrics giving the Nau-ruz of each year, the decisive battle of Shoriir is placed before Nau-ruz 2 llamazan, which, by an error of the copyist, is dated in the rubric 908 for 907, and so with others at this period. Obviously the year 907 would alone suit. The earlier julm in A.ii. 90G, mentioned in the Habib- es-Siyar, would correspond with Isma'il's proclamation of himself without regular julus in Shirvan in that year, which Dr. Rieu has pointed out to me. It would be interesting to trace the rise of Isma'il I., and the subjugation to his sway of the small principalities which he gradually subjected, leaving the work of con- solidation to be completed by his successors. Were there a series of coins of vassal princes, this would be necessary. There is, however, but one known which has a second royal name, a piece in the Museum Collec- tion (p. 210, no. 652). This coin happily bears upon the events of the great war with Muhammad Sheibani the Uzbeg, and, with other numismatic documents, throws new light upon the history of the time. There is also another gold coin (p. 12, no. 19) counterstruck by Tahmiisp I., which may have been originally issued by a vassal of his, but I have been unable to form any conjec- ture as to the possible vassal's name by comparing the lists. Relations of The Coin of Isma'il with the second royal name demands "liiibar!"* a somewhat lengthened discussion. Its fabric resembles that of the cities of the north-cast of Isma^il's kingdom, as INTRODUCTIOX. XXV seen in coins of Asterabad, Henit, and Merv. It differs from these similar pieces in the Catalogue in bearing- in what may be called the exergue, undoubtedly a position of second importance, the name J^«a»»« ^jUxk^ . The mint is lost. It cannot be argued that the term jjUaX-i is merely applied to a money er as a prefix^ which would be quite consonant with Persian custom, for raoneyers' names never appear on the coinage of the Shahs, nor indeed does any second name, save in this instance, and the possible parallel under Tahmasp I. It is well-known that Muham- mad Babar,* the founder of the so-called Moghul Empire of Delhi, was from a.h. 916 to a.h. cir. 921 (Baber's ' Memoirs/ Suppl., p. 241-245, on no stated authority) in strict alliance with Shah Isma'il. They had a common enemy in the Uzbegs, and the geographical position of the two kings made political union possible. Babar was sup- ported by a Persian contingent, and conquered Transoxiana but by adopting for himself and his troops the national dress of the Persian Shi'as, he so effectually alienated the strict Sunnis of Bukhara and Samarkand as to be obliged, as much by general disaffection, as by defeats from the Uzbegs, to abandon Transoxiana and retire to Kjxbul. Unfortunately the events of this period are wanting in Babar's * Memoirs/ and there is difficulty in establishino' their exact dates. All that will be here attempted is to ascertain if Babar gave Isma'il during this time the rights of the lihnlha and s/'lika, the prayer for the sovereign, and the coinage ; and if there is evidence that he did so, whether the coin under consideration could be due to this right. In the Supplement to Babar's ' Memoirs/ it is stated that when he conquered Samarkand the rights in question were exercised in his own name, according to the Indian authorities Ferishta and Khafi Khtin, whereas * According to Dr. Rien the right pronunciiition, as shown hy a couplet of this prince's own composition, was 15:U)ur. d XXVI INTRODUCTION. Iskandar Beg, the Persian authority, said that the hlnitba was said in the name of Shah Isma'il (' INIenioirs,' p. 242). I have referred to these authorities and think it worth while to give a summary of their statements. Dr. Rieu has given me a trustworthy conhrmation of Iskandar Beg l)y Khondemir, who was contem- porary with Babar. Ferishta states that in the middle of Rejeh, a.ii. 917, Babar, going from Bukhara to Samarkand for the third time, made the khutha and sikka in his own name >-^ft ^■f-"') J3^-*-* J^~' ^-''^j ■■.S^ ^i $) ^ «-^Ift.« j.y^) I tlj^ L© (MS. Add. 2677, f. 336 ^; )• That there was no evasion is evident from the distinct statement that the Persian formula for khuiba and s'lkTca of the Twelve Imams was used. Here we trace the true source of the disaffec- tion of Samarkand and Bukluira which ultimately forced Babar to abandon Transoxiana. This was too much for the strict Sunnis of that country. The accuracy of Khondemir is proved by the discovery of silver coins of Babar of Transoxianian not Indian fabric with the Shi'a formula and the names of the Twelve Imams. Unfortunately neither mint nor date is legible upon them. They are now described for the first time from the specimens in the British Museum acquired since the publication of vol. vii. of the Catalogue of Orlenial Coins. 1. Obv., within sixfoil, aJL )l N)! aJI ^) Itev. area, within square, (jlJaXw Mar<^in, within four compartments, ^Xt ^^■S^A M. iii, Wi. ;8-3 XXVIU INTRODUCTION. 2. Obv. area, within square, similar, varied. Margin, in segments, obscure. Eev. area, in leaf-shaped border, similar, varied. Margin, s--*- iR -8, Wt. 79. 4. Similar to (3). (Rcstruck on coin of Shah JRukh, the Timuri.) M -95, Wt 70-5 The full inscription is here intended to be Sultan Babar Bahadur Khan, the word Khan, as Dr. Rieu sug-g-ests, bein^ omitted for want of space. Clearly vassaLship is here im- plied, euch as loyal Timiiris paid to the supreme Khjin. The gold and silver currencies differ in the absence of the Persian sovereign's name on the silver; this is easily explained by the carelessness and unimportance of this issue, the gold coin being far more of a state document. They also differ INTRODUCTION. XXIX in showing Sultan Babar Bahadur (Khan) for Sultan Mu- hammad. The only explanation that can be offered is that the coins, perhaps issued at different times, offered but a cramped space for the vassal king's style, and that thus in one case Babar occurs in the other Muhammad. There can, therefore, be no reasonable doubt that the gold coin which has been discussed was issued by Babar, as vassal of Shah Isma'il, a condition which is sufficiently proved by the Turki prince's silver money with the Shia' formulae. We can now understand the omission in Babar's ' Memoirs ' of the occurrences which fell between the beginning of a.h. 914 and that of a.h. 925. Similarly an unexpected light is thrown on the conduct of Shah Tah- masp I. to Humayun during his residence as a fugitive at the Persian court. Clearly the Persian king held Babar's engagement to be a personal one binding on his son Humayun. To return to the chronology of Isma'il's reign : — His death took place in the morning of Monday, 19 Rejeb, 930 = 23 May, A.D. 1524 (Jehan-ara, Or. 141, f. 211 ^<, the rubric of the year, 21 1^). The statement of this authority is repeated by the author of the Kisas-el-Khakani, who gives the night of the same day (f. db), which would throw the event back to the evening of Sunda}', 22 May. The J uliis of Tahmasp I. is given as Monday, 19 Pejeb, Tahmasp I. 930 = 23 May, 1524. (Tarikh-i-Elchi, f. '32b, Jahiin- dra. Or. 141, f. 211/^; 'Alam-ardi, Add. 17,927, f. 59a^; the inferior MS., Add. 16,684, f. 2ld, merely giving the year 930). The day was thus that of his father's death, a remarkable exception to Persian usage. The death of the same king is dated in the bettor MS. of the 'Alam-arai the night of Saturday, 14 Safar, 984 (F. 155«), the inferior giving the night of Tuesday, 14 Safar, * Dr. Rieu considers this to bear some traces of an earlier recension (Cat. Per. MSS., i. p. 287). XXX INTRODUCTION. 981. (f. 2G^). Munajjim Yazdi has Tuesday, 19 Safar, 984< (Add. 27,211, f. 8/j). The Kisas gives the night of Tuesday, 15 Safar (f. 17a). By Wiistenfeld's tables, 14 Safar 984 = Sunday-Monday, 12-13 May, 1576. The 15ih Safar exactly suits. That the 15th of Safar was Monday-Tuesday is confirmed by the date of 22 Safar, 984, mentioned shortly afterwards in discussing the dates of Isma'il II. Hasan ibn Muhammad el-Khaki seems to settle the date, which he further defines as " after the second watch of the night," adding "the 15th of the month Safar " = 984 as a chronogram : jJ^jL^J 1LJj\ Aa^j jA-a J^tl j^^j.J)V.S^ A*A.i Ami ^^Zi •i^JjvIj ^>*^\j^ Uj^laj w-*»to-|r^ 0^ ^-^^ j'vi 3^ j' ^^^ AjI^^^jj (Or. 1G19, f. GlGa) C-wl 4-jjU ja.o j^ ^>>b It is of course unnecessary to discuss the isolated date Saturday, Safar 15, beyond suggesting Aw having dropped out before A-.li . It is obvious that the night of Tuesday, 15 Safar, 984 = morning of Tuesday, 14 May, 1576, is the true date. It must always have been natural to con- fuse events happening in the night after the close of the day with the events of the day preceding, hence the date 14 Safar. Isniii'il II. Thejulus of Isma^il II. is dated Wednesday, 27 Jumada I. [984] = Tuesday-Wednesday, 22 August, a.d. 1576, in the better manuscript of the 'Alam-arai (Add. 17,927, f. 251rt, (^). The passage runs thus : (fob 251 a, Z>) C^J In the corresponding passage of the MS. in Naskhi, Add. 16,684, the date is wanting (fob hQb). The date of Isma'iFs death is given in the 'Alam-arai as the night of Sunday, 13 liamazan [985] = Saturday-Sunday, 24 November, 1577 (Add. 17,927, f. 26G«), quoted in the Kisas-el- Khiikaul without the day of the week (Add. 7656, INTRODUCTION. XXXI f. 181/). The length of the reign of this king is slated in the Kisas-el-KhJikani as a year and seven months, (f. 10a) i^j dl^*ft&3 ^Jl~^j j^^^ J^^f^j-^ dUj^U w«v*Ja.X-» Ojk.*. The note of the reigns of the Safavis in the margin of the MS. of the Tcirikh-i-Elchi, numbered Or. 153, confirms this sum by the vague statement that the knigth of the reign was " nearly two years^^ Jl^j^ w-jy ^lJxl«; O*^ (P. 79^'). The more precise reckoning of tlie Kisas is in excess of the sum, a year and three months and a half, from they«/;/s' to Isma^il's death. On the other hand, from the death of Tahmasp I. to that of Isma'Il II. is nearly one year and seven months, and it may be added that the death of Haidar Mirza induced the pretension of Isma'Il, who left his con- finement in the fortress of Kahkah, Tuesday, 22 Safor, OSI* ( = Monday-Tuesday, 27-28 May, 1576), thus only a week after his father's death (Kisas, f. 18a). The Ahsan et- Tavarlkh of Hasan el-Khiiki allows Isma'Il II. 'eigh- teen months and a fraction' (f. C18a) 'from the begin- ning of his Sultanate.' In the Fava'id-i-Safavia are two tJirlkhs, respectively for the accession and the death of Isma'il II., in the following lines, which form the closing part of a short poem. The words untranslated, detected by Dr. Rieu, make the two dates 984 and 985 :— ' Fancy sought two elegant ehi'onograms, that she might engrave on the tablet of the world ; one for his taking his place in the region of time, one for his departure to the realm of nought. C>t*} ci'jij o^Ls-^ was fixed, O-i'^J Hj «^*v--' was written.' * Muhammed Khudabanda was enthroned at Kazvin, to- Miiliamniad wards the close of the year 985. The better copy of the Khudubaud:!. (Add. 16,698, f. 22 a) XXXU INTRODUCTION. 'Alam-rirai reads, 'on Tuesday in the month of Zu-1-Hijja, whi(;h is the eleventh month of the year of the Ox, 985/ (Add, 17,927, f. 276^/). Tlie inferior MS. reads, 'on the second day of the month, ^ &c. (Add. 16,684, f. 65a), both specifying- the eleventh for the twelfth month. At the close of the account of the jnlm, we read in the Letter MS. the statement omitted in the inferior one, that the author, Iskandar Beg Munshi, was present at Kazvin on the occasion, which was Tuesday the third of Zu-l-Hij ja, though Hasan Beg stated it was Thursday, and the author admits that he has some doubt. .)l y^'i jof' ^^^ A*^ J3) i^i '^^Sj ^JLiZwb J^^zt ^^ jj>»»ti (Add. 17,927, f. 27G a). Unfortunately the Museum possesses no MS, of Hasan Beg's Ahsan-el-Tavarikh, but it may be noted that in the book under that title of his namesake, Hasan-ibn Muham- mad el-Khaki, there is no precise date, but simply the J21U1S given under the year 985 (Or. 1649, f. 618^). The Kisas dates the event Thursday 5 Zu-1-Hijja [985] (f. 19a). To correct these discrepancies we may first of all discard the eleventh month, as Zu-1-Hijja is so frequently mentioned here that there cannot be a mistake for Zu-1-Ka'da. In the next place we may reject the reading * second ' from the in- ferior MS. of the 'Alam-arai as the better reads 'third,' and a Naskhi copyist could easily mistake Nestalik^--.^ for ^j^i (in the MS,>6ji>). The question between the third and the lil'th is definitely settled by the calendar, for the fifth could not have been either Tuesday or Thursday. The ques- tion between the two week-days is also similarly settled. By Wiistenfeld's Tables, the third was Thursday-Friday 11-12 Feb. Thus it would appear that Iskandar Beg's INTRODUCTION. XXXIU memory failed him, and the true date is Thursday 3 Zu-1- Hijja 985 = Wednesday-Thursday 10-11 Feb. 1578.* The reign of Muhammad Khudabauda ended with his deposition, the date of which I do not find exactly stated, but it must have been immediately before the enthronement of ^Abbas I. as Shah of Iran, at the end of a.h. 995, late in Nov. ]587, N.S. It may be well to mention that Wiistenfeld is here fol- lowed in beginning- the new style in 1582. ■'Abbas I. was twice enthroned; first by the powerful 'Abbas I. •'Ali-kuli Khan as Sultan of Khurasan, under the name of Shah 'Abbas, in his camp then before Nishapur, in the j^ear of the Serpent, corresponding with a.h. 989, whereupon his sikka and khutha spread through the whole of Khurasan. {See ^Alam-arai, Add. 17,927, f. 346^, 347a. For the year see also Kisas, f. 19^ ; cf. 22^, 23a.) The year of the Serpent of course began at the vernal equinox, and as the troops were encamped at the time of the Shah's proclamation, we may assume that it took place before the winter, therefore in the year a.d. 158 L N.S. This conclusion is confirmed by the statement of the author of the Kisas, who assigns forty-nine years to the reign of 'Abbas in Khurasan and 'Irak (f. 37r/). His death occurred 24 Jumada 1038, which is forty-nine lunar years after the early part of 989. The second enthronement as Shah of Iran is the true beginning of the reign of 'Abbas, as recognised by the Persian historians. There is a general agreement that the date was A.ii. 996. It appears, however, that the actual event took place at the very close of the previous year. Munajjim Yazdi dates it at the end, strictly last third, of Zu-1-Hijja (4.sj^a».)l (^3 j.&.\ j^) 995, the year being * Accoi-fling to Dr. Rieu, Iskandar Beg was born about A.n. 968 (Cataloguo of Persian MSS., i., p. 185 b). CoiiBequently he was only about sovonteon at the time of the jidu$, and his memory may well have been obscured by the festivities. e XXXIV TNTltODUCTIOX. g-iven in Persian and Arabic (45*5'); but he accepts as the tctrikh 'Abbas Bahadur Khan O^'^ P V u-W«^ = ^96 (46^/). Simihirly the 'Ahim-arai (Add. 1 (i, OS J), after noticing- the julus (f. ISS'^seq.) with the tarikh O^'^-J^Vr' v_;^Uc (f. 130^), yet later inserts the rubric of the events of the first 3'ear 99G (f. 136^). Tlie Kisas gives the same tarikh (f. 24^). It is therefore evident that Shah 'Abbas I, was enthroned near the close of the year 905, but that the frag-mentof this year was left out of account, as if he had been proclaimed 1 Muharram 99G. Thus we obtain tlie enthronement in the last part of Zu-1-Hijja 995, which began 1 Nov. 1587 (Wiist.), and the official beginning of his reign 1 Muh. 996 = 1 Dec. 1587 (Wiist.). The death of 'Abbas I. is dated Thursday 24 Jumada I. [1038] in the 'Alam-arai (16,684, f. 420/v). The Kisas gives Thursday 22 Jumc4da I., 1037 (f. 37^). If the author of the Kisas used the 'Alam-cirai, it is very easy to see how he might have inserted the year 1037 for 1038. In the copy of the 'Alam-arjii cited the year 1038 is only made out by following the months cited of 1037. That the date is a mere slip is shown by its repetition with a correct chronogram for Safi's accession. Thurs- day the 24th of Jumada I. was Thursday-Friday 18-19 Jan. 1629. Safi I. The 'Alam-iirai dates the julus of SafI I. at Isfa- han, 23 Jumada II. [1038] = 16-17 Feb. 1629 Friday- Saturday, and also adds two chronograms Je*- J.ip and iV LJ*^"^ '^Ji'^^ '^ L5**^j ^oth making the correct sum 1038, (16,681, f. 42U). The Kisas gives the date as Monday 4 Jumada II. 1037 (f. 2)lb), but gives the chronogram Jd- JJp (f. 3Sa). The date 1037 for 1038 should be ex- plained by the mistake in the date of the death of 'Abbas I. already noticed. By Wiisteufeld's Tables, 4 Jumada II., is Sunday-Monday, 28-29 Jan. 1629, and 23 Jumada II. Friday- Saturday 16-17 Feb., as already stated. The date of the 'Alam-arai is probably preferable. There could easily INTRODUCTION. XXXV be a confusion between u*^ and C^-j-j in cursive Nestalik, and thus the first numeral (c-v-^jj) mig-lit have dropped out, but the difference between 23 and (2) 1- would still remain. The week-day, Monday, might suit the 24th. The death of Safi I. is given in the Kisas (f. 4G^) as 12 Safar 1052 = Sunday-Monday 11-12 May 1642. This date is confirmed hy a contemporary record of the event at Kashrm, on the 12th of Safar, a.h. 1052, on the first page of a general history without title Or. 156G (Dr. Eien, Cat. Pers. MSS. iii. p. lOGl). The author of the Kisas also gives a chronogram, ^aw Li^j^j^jjuD i>U = Safar 1052 (f. 47^). The enthronement of 'Abbas II. look place at Kashan 'Al)i)as IL on the night of Friday the 16th of Safar 1052 = Thursday evening IGth May 1G12, four days after his i'ather^s death at the same place. Tiihir A^ahid in one MS. gives this statement of interval, but v/ith the date Friday 11 Safar. (Add. 11,G32, f. l-ia,b.) ^^j A:i,jf jU^3le- as3\^ ^t jl jjj In the copy which Dr. Rieu considers the next best, the reading is varied by the 15th of Safar (Add. 10,594, lib). The Zinat-et-tavarikh has the night of Friday 16 Safar (Add. 23,5l5,f. 6S;3^),theMirrit-el-'Alam,Iam informed by Dr. Rieu, gives the 16th. The same date, the night of Friday being specified, is given in the Fava'id (Add. 1 6,698, f. 38a); and Dr. Rieu finds the same in the second coi^y. On the weight of authority, and the agreement of the 12th with the 16th, as at an interval of four days, we may accejjt the 16th ^it>i>}J\z, and reject the impossible reading 11th vo*AJ^ and. the im})robable 15th ^&.Xai~i) as due to errors of copyists. The Kisas gives the chronogram .s^a^ J>i? = l052 (Add. 7656, f. 48^/). . The death of 'Abbas IT. is dated in the Kisas at the halting-place Khusravabad [in the district] of Damghan on XXXVl INTRODUCTION. the night of Tuesday the 26th of the month Rabi' I., yCar 1077 (= Friday-Saturday, Sept. 21-25, 1GG6, f. VoU). Clearly the day of the week is wrong-, Hijja 1140 = July-August, 1728. The enthronement of Sulaiman II. is dated 8 Muharram, Sulaiuiiin ir. •1163 (= 17-18 Dec. 1749) in the family history (Tezkira, f. 97/^). He is allowed a reign of 40 days by the T;u'ikh-i~ ./' Xlii liVTRODUCTIOX. Giti-Kuslu'ii (f. G^) and tlio Favaicl (f. 57(i, IJSn, lOSr/,/j), and was therefore deposed in Safar 1163 = Jan. 1750. siiali Kukh. Sluih-Rulvh. (See Efsharis). iMiui ii (III.). According to the Tarikh-i-Giti-Kushai, Israa'il (HI.) was enthroned by 'Ali-Merdjin Khan at Isfahan after the citadel capitulated, A.ir. 1164 (Add. 23,524, f. Sa).* The Zinat-et-tavarikh begins its series of years not with 1164, as the work first mentioned, but with 1165, and shortly before relates the enthronement of Isma^il III. at Isfahan after the capture of that city (Add. 23,527, f. 172r/, d). These authorities would therefore seem to agree. The earliest coin of Isma'il (HI.) in the Museum collection is dated 1163, and was struck at Isfahan. To resolve this difference between the historians and the coin, it is important to examine the Tarikh-i-Giti- Kushai more particularly. I there find, under the section on the lineage of Kerim KhTm ( f. 4a, seqq.) the rela- tion how he was elected head (j^h) of his tribe, and after Ibrahim Shah had made war on his brother ■'All (^Adil) Shah, Kerim Khan was employed by the usurper (f. 4rb, 6a). The next section relates the events which followed the assassination of Nadir Shah as far as the forty days' reign of Sulaiman II. and the restoration of the blind Shah Rukh (f. ba to Gli), which we know took place in the first quarter of 1 163 {/f'fra, p. li). Then at once we find the rubric of the events of the year 1164, ' and how 'Ali Merdan Khan sought the aid of the sovereign of the age [Kerim Khan].' Then follows the narrative of the alliance with 'Ali Merdan and the surrender of Isfahan by Abu-1-Fet-h, governor for Shah Rukh (f. Gb-7d) after the Nau-ruz (f. Gb), and the J/iiils of Isma'il III. is next related (f. 8a/j). Consequently the rise of Kerim Khan is * It is true that the Favakl-i-Safavia twice speaks of a previous proclamation by Muhammad Hasan (Add. 16,098, f. 57rt, 1436), but this is historically impossible, and the confusion is with a proclamation which must have taken jjlace when Muliammad Hasan later gained possession of Isma'il, and struck money in his name, matters to be later noticed (p. xlvi seq(j). INTRODUCTION, xliu placed in 1161, the date of Ibrahim's rebellion,, but his real acquisition of power in 1164.* Tims a whole year is dropped, from the restoration of Shah Rukh in the early natural spring- of 1163 to Isma'il's juliis, here placed after the vernal equinox 1164. 'All Riza, who must be allowed to be a competent authority for the chronology and history of the Zand family, dates the rise of Kerim Khan in 1163, on the authority of Mirza Sadik, the author of Tarikh-i-Giti-Kushai, which he quotes, under the name of the Tarikh-i-Saltanat-i-Kerim Khan, in these words : Jil-o Sjj-iA j>^c^jA 5jt o\J:j jiU J.;3 «.s^ jl j»,Rj ^ ^ " iis-r C-v'ji j-j^« J-yO A^>-> Ji Ij dJ^J *jb' <^^i l^i >*W ijj '>-fri>^>' (Mr (Or. 2197, f. 3 a, h) 0.iL> CjU^ As Mirza Sadik in the passages already referred to jilaces the rise of Kerim Khan in 1161, it is clear that the reference here is not to his appointment as chief, but to his departure from his own territory at the call of 'Ali Merdan. Therefore the solution of the problem is probably this : — The Persian chroniclers, when they relate events under years, reckon from Nau-ruz to Nau-ruz by the old solar year. Con- sequently the first regnal year of a king proclaimed like Isma'il III., after the Nau-ruz, would begin with that date in the year following. Hence a confusion between the Ilijra year of proclamation and the first regnal year. Or it may be argued that the date 1163 either was found in 'AH lliza's copy of the Tiirikh-i-Giti-Kushai, which is an unlikely addition of a new rubric, or was here added by him on his own judgment. * I am much indebted to Dr. Rieu for kind help in getting the tenor of those passages. xliv IXTllODl'CTlOX. The historical eireumistances of the time arc in accordance with this result. The overthrow of Shah Rukh's central government at Mesh-hed by Sulaiman II. must have been severe in its effects in the provinces. The usurper was more than master of Khurasan : he struck money in Ma- zenderan (no. 313, p. 98) . His party was strong-, for he united the partizans of the Safavis and the fanatical Sayyids ag-ainst the hated Efsharis. On the evidence of all authorities, Isfahan was not lost to Shah Rukh, but ^Ali Merdtin had little difficulty in gaining* possession of it, and making it the centre of Isma'iPs government. For in truth Sluih Kukh, when restored, was a mere puppet, as a blind Shah could only be. In the spring of 1163 everything was therefore ripe for a new sovereign. ^Ali Merdan had discovered another half-Safavi puppet who would be the nominal head of his party. So soon as he could leave the Bakhtiari mountains the old Kurdish chief marched on Isfahan and there set up Isma'il, while he maintained the real power himself. The historians enable us to follow the subsequent fortunes of Shah Isma^il (III.). Suspicion arising between Kerim Khan and 'Ali Merdan, the Bakhtiari chief left Shiraz with the Shah (^^.i "^^^ji) for his mountains. Kerim Khan, on bearing of this, left Isfahan early in the spring of 1165 * (^J sZ'.-OL^^ jL.«tf 3 j'J-* kj^ j^^ tj^-^ vJ-5tj' J>) The two armies joined battle on the bank of the river Gozan. Shah Isma'il, seeing that fortune was un- favourable to Ali Merdan, went over to his rival, who returned victorious to Isfahan (Zinat-et-tavarikh, Add. 23,527, f. n-Zb, 173«; cf. Tarikh-i-Giti-Kushai, Add. 23,524, f. lOa—Ub). * This is a good instance of the habit of reckoning from the Nau-ruz, as if it were tho beginning of the Hijra year, wboreas Muharram 1165 began in November, four months before the Nau-n'iz. INTJIODUCTION. xlv In tlie same year Keiim Kliaii turned his forces against the Kajcir chief, Muhammad Hasan Khjin, and invaded Mazenderan. He was defeated by the Kiijar, and fled to Teheran, whence, in the beginning- of the year 1106, he returned to Isfahan (Zinat-et-tavarikh, f. 173a). In the Tarikh-i-Giti-Kushai, Mirza Sadik states more precisely, under the year 1165, that Kerim Kh;in was defeated by Muhammad Hasan Khan at Asterabad, and implies that Shah Isma^il (III.) was captured by the Kajai- chief, wlio returned to Ashraf in Mazenderan in the Shah's cavalcade. (f. \U, Via.) Still more precisely the author of the Nukhbat-el-Akhbar rebates that Kerim Khan took Isma'il (III.) with him in this unfortunate expeditioii, and that the Shah came to the fort of Asterabad evidently to give himself up, where- upon Kerim Khan took to flight, and Muhammad Hasan carried the Shah away with him to Ashraf. jiji j^lft. ^^jj^a dj^\ ^LljJI^l jL^j^ L^^:^'^ ^!P ^■i^ ^JJi^ 5 w«Aa^ a2Zj\^j.j Ijw'Ii'J ^^I jj-i"^ O 0"*~^ Jk^a^.0 ^^^ ^i.)"-^ (Or. 2837, f. 189«) c^Sj ^j.^t The subsequent position of Isma'il (III) may be inferred from numismatic evidence, which is as follows : xlvi INTRODUCTION. g CO g O ^ CO a CD a I < a: .§ I f ^ I— ( H H^ o ^ f D ■ H -S I- :.: a CO -| I ^ Z o Z o ff, O o ^ fM INTRODUCTION. xlvii From this evidence it appears that (1) 'All Merdaii Khan struck in Isma^il's name; and (2) it may be inferred that this habit was continued by Kerira KhaUj for (3) on gaining" possession of the Shah's person Muhammad Hasan Khan repeated the coinage of 'Ali Merdiln in 11 60 and 1167 ; (4) 'All Merdan Khan requiring a puppet, then set up Shah Husain II. in 1166, while Kerim Khan, having no pretender, may be presumed to have issued his own money in the name of the Imam Muhammad El-Mahdi, as he certainly did in 1167, while Isma'il's was still being issued by Muhammad Hasan ; (5) and on acquiring Isfahan 1169 = 1756 (Tarikh-i-Giti-Kushai, f. 2U), Muhammad Hasan issued his own money in the name of Imam 'Ali- lliza, thenceforward dropping all acknowledgment of Shah Isma'il, whose name never afterwards appears on the coins. It may be here mentioned that this daring step probably caused the Kajar chief's downfall. The only point of difficulty here is when did Muhammad Hasan drop his acknowledgment of Isma'il (III.) ? The right of the Jc/iufba and sil:/ca was so important and distinctive as a royal prerogative, that from the cessation of Isma'il's coins to the issue of Lutf-' All's the sovereign's name does not appear except by allusion, save once (Abu-1-Fet-h's) in a subsidiary place. Consequently the complete sup- pression of Isma'il's name was a very strong act, and it could only be done evasively by making the 'Ali-Riza series the sole money authorized by Muhammad Hasan Khiin. Kerim Khan had already done the same, coining in the name of another Imfim, the Mahdi, whose name then first appears in the place of the sovereign's, but the Zand chief had no puppet Safavi in his hands. It cannot reasonably be doubted that Muhammad Hasan changed the style when he became master of Isfahan in A.ii. 1169, not long before the Nau-ruz (Ibid, I.e.). This, therefore, would be the date of the practical deposition of Shah Isma'il (111.)''' * Since writing this, I have had the advantage of examining Professor xlviii INTRODUCTION. I can find no further authentic information concerning- him beyond the statement in the Favaid-i-Safavia that he died in the same year as Kerini Kh6^a»-Jl jl J*JIJ w>'3i (^'•~'' OV*-*' j^ 5 6^^Z.^ ^l^a.ol d-i]ftX~.!l jl> w*jla». (Giti-Kushai, 16b, 17a) ju^j.^ — and struck his own money (Zinat-et-Tavarikh, f. 173i). This was still in 1166 = 1753, as it must have occurred before the winter season. Azad was finally defeated and his power overthrown by Muhammad Hasan Khan in A.n. 11 69 = A.D. 1756, as the campaign again must have taken place before the winter. All the coins of Azad known to me fall within these years. (See Fraehn Recensio 497, nos. 206^7; Tabriz, 11 08, 1169; and infra, no. 416, p. 130, Tabriz, 1168.) The dates are therefore, Accession at Isfahan, a.h. 1166 = A.D. 1753; overthrow, A.H. 1169 = a.d. 1756. Ziiiul^. ^^^^ dates of the rule of Kerim Khan, except that of its Kcniii Ivliaii. elose, have been necessarily fixed in the discussion as to the dates of Shah Isma'il (III.), but here require some further elucidation. He first takes an important place as ally of 'AH Merdan Khan in setting up Isma'il, a.h. 1163 =A.D. 1750. 'All Merdan then was made wakil, and Kerim Khan commander-in-chief (Zinat-et-Tavarlkb, Add. INTRODUCTIOX. Iv 23,527, f. 17-Za,h). This was before the Shah's procla- mation (f. n2b). The Tarikh-i-Giti-Kushai agrees as to the circumstances (f. 8a). In this first period no doubt Keiim Khan played the second part. In the year a.h. 1165 = A.D. 1752 the two chiefs quarrelled, and Kerim Khan secured the Shah and the central authority as wakil (Zinat-et-TaVcirikh, f. 173r^ and supra, p. xliv). In the same year (a.h.. 11(>5=:a.d. 1752) Shah Isma'il fell into the hands of Muhammad Hasan Khan. From this date there was a conflict with Muhammad Hasan until the overthrow and deatli of the Kajcir chief. This event I do not find precisely dated anywhere, but I infer from the Tarikh-i-Giti-Kushai that it occurred shortly before the beginning' of the solar year in a. II. 1172. The events of the solar year of a.h. lUl- 1172, from spring A.D. 1758 to spring a.d. 1759, occupy more than twenty-one pages of the work, and comprise the siege of Shiraz by Muhammad Hasan, his withdrawal, Kerim Khan's reoccupation of the country, and the death of his rival, in consequence of the Zand general Shaikh 'Ali Khan's invasion. This last subject is followed by an account of the immediately consequent submission of the K.ijar ' territory. Then follows the rubric of the spring of a.h. 1172 (Add. 23,524, f. 27rt-37^) . From this it would seem probable that Shaikh 'Ali Khan did not march against the Kajar territory before the spring of a.d. 1759, at a time when military operations were practicable in that cold country. The date a.h. 1172 == a.d. 1759 is therefore the most probable. The death of Kerim Khan occurred on Tuesday, 13 Safar, 1193 = Monday-Tuesday, 1-2 March, 1779 ('AH Rizji Tarikh-i-Zandia, Or. 2197, f. 6d, and three other MSS.; Dynanty of the Kajars, p. 9 ; other authorities agreeing as to the day of the month, but not stating that of the week). For the Zands after Kerim Khan I have found 'Ali Riza's History of the family the most useful authority forchrono- Ivi INTliODl'CTIOX. loi^3\ I ^'^^^'^ collated the dates in four of the manuscripts in the British Museum, (Or. 2197, Add. 24,903, Add. 26,198, and Add. 23,525), accidentally omitting a fifth(Add. 27,248), to which I was not induced afterwards to resort h}^ sufficient variants in the four. I quote preferably Or. 2197 as a good text, referring to any diiferences in the other manuscripts. Abu-1-Fot-h Abu-1-Fet-h Khan was proclaimed with his younger and Mllhnni- -a -- , ^ t ^^^ tt-i ^ i r/i' 1>»T -\r ' 1 uiad 'All brother, jNIuhammad Ah Khun, by Zeki and All Murad Khans. 1^1^.^,13 shortly after the death of Kerlm Khan ('AH Riza's History, Or. 2197, f 1U). This must have been very early in A.H. 1193 = A.D. 1779. It may be noted that this joint reign is a solitary' exce})tion to the usage of modern Persia. It had its rise in the difficulty of setting aside the elder son Abu-1-Fet-h, and Zeki's desire to secure the succession for Muhammad 'Ali, his nephew and connection by marriage. (Cf. id. f 10^, cited note * below). Very shortly 'Ali Murad broke with Zeki Khan, who was then left free and with full power ; and on the approach of Stidik Khan to Shiraz, on some suspicion of Abu-l-Fet-h's desire to join this other uncle, Zeki cast the young prince into confinement and confiscated his goods, then setting up Muhammad 'AH Khan alone.* This terminated in the course of a month or two the first reign of Abu-1-Fet-h Khan, in the same 3'ear as his accession. Muhnintiiad Muhammad 'Ali thus proclaimed early in a.h. 1193 = a.d. 1779, had so ephemeral a reign as not to be counted by the Persian annalists in the Zand series. Three months after Kerim Khan's death Zeki Khan was assassinated, 27 Juma- iy. ^ jl Jjjj t-J^J ^j^ c^Hil^- |.J ^y- f-\ 4^ i,c)^^ ^^-^^ I** '^'^ ^^ * ^1 s-^Jj-i W^ •'W.s^ \^ J'_j-«^ J ^J^J' i)..A^ J-Ju S.iy, j\j^ ji <0 (jU. JjU ijlj^j I; ( All Riza, Hist., Or. 2197, f. 10&) *^,^ Mirza Sadik thus states the circumstances, speaking of Zeki Khan : (Tarikh-i-Giti'-Kushfii, f. tlO n) ^xiUi U-»h ,^^b ci^ ti ^^ j^ j^. t/ V"* I have to thank Dr. Rieu for aiding nic in the examination of the first passage. 'Ali Khan. IXTRODT^CTION. IvU da I. 1193 = 11-12 June 1779 ('AH Riza, History, 2197, 12^, VSa, supply C-~-j liefore^^Afc 3 from Add. 24<,903, f. 14*^ ^A& w»^*j). Abu-l-Fet-h immediately asserted his rights, and Muhammad 'All seems to liave offered no opposition. Abu-l-Fet-h was proclaimed on Friday, 3 Jumada 11.11 93 Ai'"-l-Jet-h ■ _ _ Khan, = Thursday-Friday, 17-18 June, 1779, with si/c/ia and second roign. khniha, in his own name si»sb cJ^-y^ 3' ^^^V 'M*'*- 5 '^^'^ (id. 13-^). He was deposed l)y Sadik Khjin, on Sunday, 9 Sha'ban, 1193 = Saturday-Sunday, 21-22 August, 1779 (id. 14^, 15a). The two reig-ns of Abu-1-Fet-li and the two reigns of Muhammad 'AH should therefore be thus dated : Abu-1 Fet-h Khan with \ Muhammad 'AH Khan, > 3 months, Muhammad 'AH alone, J Abu-l-Fet-h alone, 2 months. The reign of Sadik Khan dates from the deposition of Smlik Khan. Abu4-Fet^l^ (Sunday, 9 Sha'ban, 1193 = Saturday-Sunday, 21-22 August, 1779), to the capture of Shiraz by 'All Murad Khan, in the morning of 18 Rabi' I, 1196 = 2 March, 1782. ('AH Riza, History, Or. 2197, f. 226,) The reign of 'AH Murad is usually dated from his capture a1i Murad of Shiraz. This is erroneous. Dr. Rieu has thus determined ''"' the chronology. According to Mirza Sadik, " 'AH Murad assumed independence in Isfahan immediately after Kerlm's death, 1193 (Giti-i-Kushai, f. 92a). That fact is curiously confirmed by a poem (Shihab's Khusrau Shjrin) I have just got from Teheran, It is dated 15 Rabi' I, 1194< [=20-21 March, 1780], and addressed to 'AH Murad, who is eulogized as reigning sovereign (Or. 2817, f, Ah), It shows also that the Zinat-et-Tavarikh is right, when it says that AH Murad's rule in 'Irak lasted six years (Add. 23,527, f, 1796), namely, 11 93'H98, counting the two broken years.'' —(Letter to R. S. Poole.) 'AH Murad died 28 Safar, 1199 = !)-10 January, 1785 (Or. 2197, f. 28a, h). h ■ Iviii INTRODUCTION. This rcig-n is thus divisible into two periods: a) Rule at Mihrm, a.ii. 1193-1196 == a.d. 1779-178^. d) Rule at Isfahan 1 ^ -, o,"' . A.II. 1196-1199 = A.D. 1782-1785 and ohiraz, J Ja'fiir Khan. Ja'far Kh.in was proclaimed 6 Rabi' 1, a.h. 1199 = lG-17 January, a.d. 1785 ('AH Riza, History, Or. 2197, F. 29^). He was assassinated on the nig-lit of Thursday, 25 Rabi' II. 1203 (id. f. 58^). The day of the month corresponds to the 22-23 January, beginning on Thursday. According to the inferior authority of the Fava'id (f. 139(5), the event took place in the morning of 25 Rabi' II. The date is probably Thursday, 22 January, 1789 (see also Olivier, vol. vi. p. 211), Wiistenfeld being one day wrong. Lntf-'Ali Lutf-'Ali Khan did not immediately succeed to the Kh;'in. throne. His establishment in power is dated by 'All Riza 11 Sha'ban, 1203 = 6-7 May, 1789 (f. 613, for the month see 6la). The end of his reign must be dated by the capture of Kerman, on the afternoon of Friday, 29 Rabi' I, 1209 = 24 October, 1794 (Or. 2197, f. 120/^, for the year cf. Add. 24,903, f. 1313). Kajais. The founder of the Kajar line, Muhammad Hasan Khan, Hasiiu Khan, must have become practically independent during the troubles consequent on the usurpation of Sulaiman II., and therefore in a.ii. 1163 = a.d. 1750. It is distinctly stated in the Nukhbat-el-Akhbar that he declared him- self independent on that usurpation (Or. 2837, f. 189rt); but this statement must be modified by the fact that we have a coin of Sulaiman II. issued in Mazenderiin (no. 313, p. 98). The true time must be the general break-up of the state, consequent on the restoration of the blind Shah Rukh, later in the same year. The overthrow of Muhammad Hasan Khan has been already placed a.h. 1172 = a.d. 1759 as the most probable date (supra, p. Iv). The Nukhbat-el- Akhbar allows him with hesitation a rule of nine years, though erroneously placing his death in a.u. 1181 (Ibid., fol. 190a). This is a slight confirmation of our two limits. INTRODUCTION. lix Husain-kuli Khiiu. Aka Muhammad Khan. Husain-kuli Khiin made an insurrection in Mtizenderan against Kerim Khan about a.ii. 1185, and maintained him- self for two years. It is stated in the Maasir-i-Sultaniya that his independence lasted two years (printed, Tabriz, f. luy b, Dynasty of the Kjijars, p. 7), and that during- this time Fet-h-'Ali Shiih (Baba Khan) was born, on the night of Thursday, 18 Shawwal, 1185 (f. 7^,) or of Wednesday (Dynasty of the Kajars, p. 8) =21-3.3 January, 1772. The Nukhbat-el-Akhbar allows him one year (f. \\}{)b). I can find no evidence of this Khan's having exercised sovereign rights. Had he been successful, it would have been a question whether he should not have been included in the series of sovereigns ; as it is, he is like other Persian Khans of this age who attempted to gain regal power but failed. It is well known that Aka Muhammad Khiin rose agams the Zands immediately after Kerim Khan's death ; therefore about Safar, 1193 = March, 1779. His enthronement occurred in the spring of a.h, 1210 = A.u. 1796 (v. supra, p. lii). His assassination took place, according to Brydges' authority (p. 26), in the early morning of Friday, 21 Zu-l- Hijja, 121] ; according to the lithographed Tarlkh-i-Kajaria (f. 25a), on the night of Saturday of the same day of the month A.H. 1212; the Tarikh-i-MuhammadIa, in the early morning of the same day of the month, the year not stated but obviously 1211 (f. 235a). The date was probably Friday 16, but by Wiistenfeld, Saturday 17 June, 1797. Fet-h-'Ali was not enthroned immediately on the death of Fet-h-'Ali. his uncle Aka Muhammad. He took the direction of affairs, and struck money as Baba Khan (nos. 456-7, pp. 148-9). He was enthroned on 24 Rabi' I, 1212=15-16 September 1797. (Tarikh-i Kajaria, f. 26/;, 27a ; Nuklibat-el-Akhbar, Or. 2837, f. 195a; Brydges' Dynasty of the Kajars, jx 40 ; a ceremony not to be confused with that of the Nau-rnz of the same year, which was intended to emphasize the previous 1: INrilODUCTION. Husain 'AH Shiih. 'All Shah. Muhanmiad Shah. Hasan Khan Salar. function, ibid. p. 41, sqq.) His death occurred on Tliursd;iy, 19 Jumada II. 1250, in the afternoon = 22 October, 1834 (Tarikh-i-Kajaria, f. 139^/, Nukhbat-el-Akhbar, f. 196«). The enthronement of Ilusain 'Ali Shtih is dated by the Nukhbat-el-Akhbar, at Shiraz, Thursday, 3 Sha'ban, 1250 (f. 19G^) = 3-4 December, 1834, if the day of the week is rig'ht. Wiistenfeld has Sha'ban 3 = 4-5 December, Friday- Saturday. The author of the Nukhbat allows him a reign of six months, and dates his death at Teheran, 2G Rabi' I, 1251 = 20-21 July, 18-35 (f. 198«). 'Ali Shah was enthroned at Teheran, 14 Rejeb, 1250 = 15-16 November, 1834, and dethroned on 14 Sha'ban, 1250 = 15-16 December, 1834, haviny: reigned one month (Ibid, f. 1985, Tarikh-i-Kajiiria, f. 1546 for first date). Muhammad Shah was enthroned at Tabriz, in the evening of 7 Rejeb, 1250 = 8 November, 1834 (Tarikh-i-Kajaria, f. 157«), but he was a second time enthroned at Teheran, on the Lesser Festival at the closeof Ramazan, 1250, therefore 1 Shawwal (ibid. f. lQ>%a, i^) = 30-31 January, 1835. Watson gives the date 31 January, on the Festival before mentioned (History of Persia, p. 282). 1 adopt this as the true date of the Shah's enthronement. Muhammad Shah died on the evening of Tuesday, 6 Shawwal, 1264 (Tarikh- i-Kajaria, 243«, cf. 241fl) = Monday, 4 September, 1848 (Watson, History of Persia, p. 354). Hasan Khan Salar, although never enthroned, made himself independent after the death of Muhammad Shah, and struck money at Mesh-hed in 1205, continuing the formula of the late Shah (no. 577, p. 186), which does not designate the sovereign, except allusively. His rebellion began on the news of Muhammad Shah's death (Watson, p. 363, cf. Tarikh-i-Kjijaria, f. 2605, where it is recorded among the troubles which occurred in the beginning of the reign of the present Shah). The rebellion came to an end after the Nau-rilz, 6 Jumada T, a.u. 1266 = 20 March, a.d. 1850. and before ]G Jumada II = 9-10 May (ibid. f. 2995, INTRODUCTION. Ixi 301^, 302rt). The period of Hasan Khan is thus A.ir. 1261-6 = A.D. 1848-50. Nasir-ed-din Shah was first enthroned at Tabriz on the Nasir-cd-ain evening- of the 14 Shawwal, 1:204 = 12 September, 1848 (ibid. 257(^); and a second time on Monday, 24 Zu-1-Ka^da, 7 1). 20 m. after midnight, 23 October, at Teheran, (ibid. 25'Ji). Watson gives after midnight, the 20th of October, i.e. Saturday, the 21st (History of Persia, p. 364). As Nasir-ed-din had no competitor, I have dated his reign from the ixvstjHlas. II. Coinage. For the denominations of Persian money I would refer to ^ the careful Tables of Ilanway. These are here put into clearer form. The weight is g-iven by him in Miskals and Kirjits, the Miskal being 80-9116 to the lb. Troy 5760 grs. The weight of the Miskal is therefore 7M8 grs. I have ventured to use 72 as the equivalent on account of the greater convenience of division. The period referred to is the reign of Nadir Shah. Gold. Muhr-Ashrafi .... 162 Ashrafi . 54 AshrafI of Nadir 54 'Abbasi should be . 72 Id. Husain .... 84 Id. Sulaiman .... . 114 Id. Safi .... 120 S/lver. Rupi or Nadiri .... 180 6 Shahi 108 'Abbasi . 72 Mahmudi ..... . 36 Shahi 18 Bisti (money of acct.) 7-2 Copper. Kazbeg-i = y^^ of the Shcihi. (Ilanway, i., pp. 202-3). cnouuna- tions. Iliinway's Tables. Ixii INTUODUCTION. This is quite consistent with the weij^hts of Niidii's coins, except that early in his rei<2;'n we find pieces as heavy as 82, and 41 in tlie silver; and his currency inchides two unrecorded denominations, the double Muhr .^ and the double Rupi M . Gold coins, The evidence of the scanty gold coins confirms Hanway. Isma'il I. to ^ i i • > Khiins. The Ashrafi occurs under Ashraf, who plays on the coin s name as derived from that he bore, thus : Juwj w^ImSI jJ O^wI 'iSLXwj o^ The name Ashrafi, however, no doubt came from an earlier Ashraf, probably the Memluk El-Asliraf Barsabay or El-Ashraf Kait-bey, under whom it became famous in commerce not long after its introduction into the Egyptian currency. The same coin was issued by Tahmasp II., Sultan Husain, Tahmasp L, and Isma'il I., who also issued its quarter. The * 'Abbasi of Safi ' is represented by the coin of 'Abbas I., weighing 118 grs., which is plainly a double 'Ashrafi. The 'Abbasi of 73 grs. is found weighing 71 under Muhammad Khudabanda, and its half 35*5 under 'Abbiis I. The relation of these pieces would be — Multiples. Staudard. Maxi mum weights. 2 108 118 n 72 71 1 54 54 i 3H 35 JL 4 13-5 13 The only anomaly according to this scheme is the heavy weight of the coin of 'Abbas I. (118 grs.), but Hanway knew of such a coin under Safi. The persistent use of the Ashrafi makes it probable that the gold standard of weight was not interfered with from Isma'il I.'s time until Nadir INTUODUCTIOX. Ixiii introcluced the heavier Indian standard, striking- the Muhr, and its double, with the Ashrafi. Kerim Khan issued the Muhr, its half, and its quarter, which took the place of the Ashrafi. During the rest of the i>eriod of the Khans the Muhr and its quarter were mainly issued. The g-old coins of Fet-h-'Ali Shah and his successors will be noticed later. The statements of Hanway as to the silver coinage may now be compared with the evidence of the coins, as pre- sented in the folio win* J"**'^ fcX.frSfc-« 15^*' O^***** CJ""'^ 1$^ j^am^ 0"~***-> is frequently varied for calligraphic reasons, INTRODUCTION. Ixvii llie prolongation of the ^J of ,^Xc, thus, ^Xc, serving for a border^ and the recnrrence of the initials, ^ four times, '»- three times with ^ once, and c four times, suggesting, when the margin is in segments, a symmetrical arrange- ment. 'Abbas II. varies this formula by the full invocation on Muhammad, 'All, Fatima, and the rest of the Imams, all being mentioned by their titles or qualifications, Hasan and Husain together, thus : jiUt^ iU^^ltj ^kj^lj J^IJtj ^^J^Jlj ^^-^^l j^Xc J^^y)<)\ ^J^^\_$ ^^>ll3 i^aJ'^ L5**^b ^-^J^'i ^l^tj JiUJtj The same formula, apparently incomplete, and with names instead of titles, except that Ja'afar has both, appears on an anonymous coin of the time of Isma'il I. or Tahmasp I. Mahmud the Afghan, on the obverse margin of one of his coins, inscribes the names of the four orthodox Khalifas (no. 197r/, p. 273). Ashraf issues their coinage as the '^ money of the four friends " j^ J^■ ^-^^-^ , and it is probable that some of his pieces bore their names. The reverse area is at first occupied by the royal name Reverse, and style, and the mint and date. The style is afterwards to Talimasp II. abbreviated or else more or less varied in a distich : the mint and date are not changed. The full style of Shah Isma'il I. is JAQ] J^Wt o^^JUt J.A*«.^t dlw and oli J^ji^wl are written indifferently. On a coin, apparently of Isma'il I., published in the Supplement (no. 18/>,p.207), Dr. Rieu reads conjecturally *^jj:^ [d]lw pd j^j^j ' Servant of the Shah of Kerbela,' that is, Husain, which if accepted is the only special reference on the Persian coinage to their popular Imam. The full style of Tahmasp I., rarely written at length, and on no coin to he com})letely read, is the same as Isma'/l's. lie also calls himself >^'^^^I1 dAt s»-.)I.Ji) ^A ^j .JLt>>^U The only known coin of Isma'il II. gives the style ^_^^-aM w^Wv^ O-i dli J.^x^wl ^aia.o')' ^jI . It is observable > Ixviii INTRODUCTION. thatlsma'il docs not appear to be called the Second, as the faineant Isma^il (III.) is similarly unnumbered. The scanty coinage of Sultan Muhammad Khudabanda affords the following- styles, which are no doubt abbre- viated, ^1 Jk^a^.6 (jlixLj _ dlw^lj 6J>Xj\j^ J^«.a^-« iJ^iaX^ ^^*j:«-aJI dUi wj-^-jUv^ O-^ oUi^lj ^ila^l , The word Sultan, as in the case of Sultan Husain, is part of the proper name, which is Sultan jNluhammad Khudabanda. This Shah styles himself ajLI 5 >j*i,V^51 txAc \^^>^ J^frs^-o j^^^j>^, and varies his father's formula to ^1 ws)Uff ^\ ^U j>"3^t , in both showing a Persiauizing tendency. Under 'Abbjis I., Persian appears on the reverse. The obverse is strangely varied by the use of both J^^^j and ^^J in alternative formulee. The Shah's style is jj! j_,-iLc^Ala-oJt^ and he also terms himself 'All's servant in the phrase which is the most permanent of its class Safi repeats the formula ^-0*^3 dUi ^oj^i and he also adopts a new one, which Dr. Rieu reads o^t ^Lo^*^ O^j' *^> or p-)! C-wl dlw. A specimen in the Museum of Copenhagen leaves little doubt that the verb has the form si*-Jk not C»wl and shows but a single oJif, whereas in the Catalogue I have supplied a second for the verb. This formula implies devotion to his namesake, who gave his name to the family. 'Abbas II. is the first Shah who takes a numeral, callino- himself 'Abbas the Second. His designations are ^^ y^Jl£s in a distich for Uij ^^Ac ^Uwl w-A£9, as watch-dog or guardian of the tomb of the Imam 'Ali Riza, and oli '^ojj.j wo'n)^. He appears to have introduced the title emperor, lit. 'master of the (auspicious) conjunction,' ,j'jA*ewU9 sahib- kiran, a title which had its origin with Timur, also in a distich. The distiehs will be treated below. Sulairaanl.must have struck coins during the short period for which heborethe name of Safi [II.], but their recall (Char- din, Couronnement, p. 393) was so effectual that no speci- mens are known. This Shah styles himself C^j'iJj dU»*jjk.o. INTRODUCTION. Ixix Sultan Ilusain resumes but rarely the use of ^^*j in place of ij^j in the chief religious formula. On one coin he gives his full style, showing the survival of the earliest titles, ^j ^{Lk^)\ ^ftJi^! ^j\ ^)\^\ J.«bai ^_^iVt j^UJI o^J^~J» (^^i-a)l (jla. jiV *^~' O-i'"'^ ^^.laXw ,jUaX~.)lj and a shorter and different style^ in part novel, ijlkX*.,!! ^J^ jjlkX^JI Usually he is simply sZ^j'^^ 6\^ foj.:.j . lie also styles himself ^,)^c■ ^U^i w«A£3 a term varied in one of his distichs. Tahmasp II. uses a distich in which he is characterized as the Second and sahib-kiran. ^Abbiis III. exactly agrees except that he is '^ another sJihib-kiran.' The rule of the Afghans, Mahmud and Ashraf, and that of Nadir Shah practically changed the character of the coin inscriptions. Mahmud styles himself Shah, and in his distichs ^^xJl^r*. and^.C<>Jlt, perhaps only poetically. Ashraf in two out of three distichs also appears as Shah. He adopts Aurangzib^s formula ^^iU c^^^.^ ^j*)^.^*., used by no other king of Persia. In the later years of Shah Tahmasp II., when Nadir '^^^'^ l^'za was endeavouring to expel the Afghans, a new and very Thuir ori-in. singular coinage made its appearance, which had a largo influence on all subsequent issues before the reign of Fet-h- 'Ali Shah, except the major part of those of the Efsharis. When Nadir undertook the difficult task of restoring the Persian power, the popularity of the Safavi line must have been very low. The name of Tahmfisp II. could raise no enthusiasm: the idea of sai)])lantinga weak Icing l)y a mere phantom was, no doubt, already formed Ijy the ambitious Nadir, Thus it was desirable to i§sue a coinage which should be })oi)ular, and thus accustom the people to some central power independent of the sovereign. Tlie great shrine of 'All Riza at Mesh-hed, the most venerated building in Persia, suggested the issue Ihere, and in other parts of Ixx IXTRODUCTION. the country^ofa coinag-e inwliich the Imam takes the nhice of the sovereig-n, even with a quasi-regal style. From 1143 until 1 147, thus until the year before Nadir's accession, this money was issued concurrently with the regal coinages of T'dim;isp II. and 'Abbas III. 'It went a golden cur- rency/ so runs the distich, 'from Khurasan, by the gi-ace ol: God, by the aid and help of the Shah of Heligion, AH Riza, son of Musa.' After this time weak sovereigns issued the Imam's money, and in the age of the rival Khans the only currency was of ■"All er-Hiza and his rival in popularity, Muhammad el- Mahdi. Stylo of Niidii- Nadir Shah, with his characteristic boldness, wholly toIsma'iuniT changed the style of the regal inscriptions. When he uses no distich, he is simply called the Sultan Nadir. In his two distichs he styles himself ' King over the Kings of the world/ ' Shah of Shahs,' &c. He also uses on the coins of his first and second year the famous tiirikh, or chronogram, «.S3 l^A5j.*a^/l = 114S, the date of his accession. Of course the Imam's coinage disappears. 'Adil or 'All Shah uses a distich, stating the circulation of the coinage of royalty in the name of 'Ali. As he was enthroned at Mesh-hed, which remained his capital, there can be no doubt that the name 'All implies that of the Imjim, 'All Riza, but is this or the Shah's name the primary meaning ? Ibrahim on the money bearing his name follows the system of Njidir. He either is styled the Sultan Ibrahim, or, when he uses a distich, Ibrahim Shah, also qualified as sahib-kinin. There is also an Imami coinage here assigned to Ibrahim, issued under the name of 'All Riza at Tabriz in 11 01. It has been earlier shown that Ibrahim was practically isovereign lor roughly Ihree months between INTRODT^CTION. Ixxi his overthrow of his brother 'Adil Shtih and his own enthronement. This period would well suit the issue of these coins at Ibrahim^s capital. They could have been issued by ^Adil Shah earlier in the year^ but a second issue of Imami coinage by him is unlikely, his first being- either ImamI or quasi-Imtirai, and still more so is this the case with Shah Rukh. We have coins of Shah Rukh of his first reign (a.ii. 1101-1163) and his third (a.ii. 1108-1210). In his ear- lier coinage he follows the practice of Nadir Shah, being styled Shah Rukh the Sulttin, and in one distich he is sahib-kiran. Like his grandfather Sultan Husain he is watch-dog of the shrine of Mesh-hed l3j ^\S^\ w-.Jl£» . Certain Imami coins bearing the invocation ,j-» ^c b Li^lj^^, dated 1161, are assigned to this period of Shah Rukh^s rule. They are of Mesh-hed, Resht, and Kazvin. They cannot be of Ibrahim, as he never held Mesh-hed ; consequently we have to choose between ^Adil Shah and Shah Rukh. As before, it seems unlikely that 'Adil Shah had two sets of coins, directly or inferentially connected with 'All Riza. On the other hand, had Shah Rukh in llGl authority as far as Kazvin or Resht? Probably Ibrahim, though issuing his own Imami coinage at Tabriz during the interregnum, did not interfere with this very inoffen- sive currency elsewhere. One of the coins (no. 312, pi. VIII.) seems markedly of Shah Rukh's fabric. Practi- cally it is not of much consequence by whom these coins were issued, inasmuch as they bear no evidence of regal authority. Sulaiman II., who dethroned Sh;ih Rukh, in his two florid distichs is ' the rightful Shah Sulaimjin II,' and ' the Shah, son of the sayyids, heir of the kingdom of Sulainuin,' his father-in-law, Sulaiman I. Shah Rukh, during his third reign, styles himself sahib-kiran, and Shah of the world, oV-^ [*'-*'], inid repeats the title U-ij ^lj:.*^l w-X£», as well as using a Ixxii INTROUrCTIOK. new formula, 'wateh-dog- of the Sull;1n of Khni-;isau ^ ('AH Eiza). Isma'il (1 11.)^ ii^ the coins struck by 'All Mcrdiin, as well as by Mohammad Hasan, is uniformly styled w»j'^3 dli '^ J^iJ, without any numeral, and with no further inscription. j\iah^ ^i^-o^ t_;>j^Aa»-^ 0*«j1 ^'j ^l^Aol _3 j^Jt-^ i-x^^ jl " ''' oV^ ji^ot^ 3 jj ^^ 3 wjLiI jJ^ " ;>ji i^j jj.9 ^j.jt (Add. 1G,G98, f. 1253.) " oW -^^ J'-:' >»^-^' We know from his coinage that Kerim Khan did not wait until the titular sovereign was once more in his hands before issuing a new currency : otherwise the author of the Favaiddoes not need correction. The circumstance of the sikka and hliuiha in the name the Imams seems very strange. Was this done in the name of the Mahdi, who was expected to return, and of whom under the Fatimis in Egypt a coinage was issued with his name Muhammad and his title as ' the Expected,' El-Muntazar? (Cf. Cat. Or. Coins, IV. p. ix. seqq. nos. 228-230, p. 55, 50.) However this may have been, there is no doubt that the Mahdi, as shown for instance by tlic coins of Muhammad Khudabanda, was, among the Persians, next in popularity to 'Ali Iliza. Another innovation seems to have been due to Kerim INTRODUCTION, Ixxiii Khiin, the use of an allusive invocation. The primary intention of this kind of formula seems to have been a reference to the Khan's name. Thus Kerim Khan's constant invocation is^^»oi\ ^kju>. j>\a\ U. This probably does not indicate any special reverence for the Imam such as is shown by the coin without royal name, which I have assigned to either Isma'il I. or Tahmasp I., on the reverse h Ixxiv INTRODUCTION. of which this Imam alone receives his title (no. 05 1, p. 209). It was probably chosen as an inscription allusive to Ja'afar Khan and his father Sadik. Lutf-'Ali Khan goes a step beyond his father in the distich of his coin here catalogued, and styles himself Lutf- 'Ali son of Ja'afar (no. 445, p. 142). Aka Muhammad Khan issues money in the name of the Imam 'Ali Riza, repeating his father's distich, and also takes up the coinage of the Mahdi, repeating Kerim Khan's distichs and varying them with two new forms. Despite his enthronement, the only allusion to his name is the invocation ' O Muhammad ! ' *x«^!k^ L>, the Prophet and not the Coins of Mahdi. Fet-h-'Ali, in the short period before his enthrone- Kiijar Shahs. . ' , ci i ^ -r»^i ^ tt-i " i • i • ment, issued money as the Sultan Baba Khan, which is interesting as the only Persian coinage in which the title Khan appears without being preceded by Bahadur. As Shah his style is jW-'^ o^ ^ksiA^i ^UaX^t ^j.j\ ,jUftX-Jt or pjl j^AAair.Xs ^IkX^Jl^ the Sultan son of the Sultan, or the Sultan, Fet-h--'Ali Shah Kajar. This instance of royal parentage is especially remarkable, as Husain-Kuli does not seem ever to have exercised the prerogative of ■ coinage. The insertion of the tribe-name Kajar is also a curious innovation. The two mottoes, 'The kingdom is God's,' aX) JLJLJI, and 'The glory is God's,' aX) S>»3I, are practically novel. Husain 'All and 'All Shah follow the style of their father Fet-h-'Ali, except that 'Ali Shah gives the title of Sultan to his father and grandfather, assuming two degrees of royal descent. Impressions of the coins of these sovereigns have been kindly communicated by Dr. Tiesenhausen. Muhammad Shah, with the instinct of the Khans, does not appear on his coins with any royal title or even by name, but adopts the allusive motto * The king of the kings of the prophets (is) Muhammad,' ^o-:^^ U*Jl A^UAlii. Thus he suggests his own name and usual title. The money of the rebel Hasan Khan Salar, who resisted the INTRODUCTION. Ixxv fiuthority of Nasir-ed-din Shah, is, to judge from the solitary specimen in the Museum Collection, a continuation of the money of Muhammad Shah, which could be con- tinued by any other ruler, like the ImamI coinage of the Khans. Nasir-ed-din follows his predecessor Fet-h-'Ali in the style of his coins. On the ten-tuman piece, he assumes the titles j^s>,\3 oLi 0-^-^)1 j-oU ^sii„s'N)l o^s^^-^b vo-^***^' ^UxUJl On a medal he appears as j^e^is ^J.JlJ,}\ j^[j ^J[L.LJ\, and on another as CH^^j^^ oUujblw. The same class gives us the allusive motto 'He is the aider,' j.-oUI ^a, which does not appear on the coins. The name of the mint is always preceded by the masdar Mints, or infinitive noun w»j«^, 'striking.' In the reign of Isma'il II. a custom begins, resumed by Ashraf, which becomes the rule under the Zands and Kajars. A town takes its distinctive epithet, usually beginning with ' abode 'jt^ : thus Shiraz is termed ^Xa3ljli, ' The Abode of Learning.' The epithet ^a (no. 13, p. 15). The most singular mints are the following:—^*. 'Army Mint,' and w>l.&j pAjIcwj.^, the same, both Kerim Khan's; and (^^ji *^J jiil yi i'l ^ aC jJ ]jji^ Js«»-'l J-i^rC, ji!U iiU:|^ aiU 0^.-° J-^ L^Jjj '^'■^ Jo-v^li Jj'i'-i. ^.k; J J ir.ijUi (jtii-j CJ_,Lc ijl ,_/jCj^ ji£= J^j^U. i£» ,_<^^ J-^ J JJ^ (jii-i LJ^-il jIj Ji* J jl ^-l _^£;J i—iyaSG J J J c^-l (.Uj' IjU jl c^s o i_r^. jl '»^-» j^.>^ (^- "^j J-'^i i*"!,'"^ 'J^J 5J.;S i)C ,i^ jl jUi."* (Add. 17,U27, f. 2()o,i ■ cf. Add. lf>,(;si, f. (Ma, h.) Ixxviii INTRODUCTION. The description of the coin should be as follows : — Obv. j.Ali«JI [^j1] V . [^] [ j] 5.*^ I oLw lU] 'Sa}« _5j, J 0^1 * aJt jt[i] Rev. ^olol ^_S^ ^jjt.^) \j '^ »J ^ : .[t] [r,]U3i^T^[^]i[c] On referring to M, Soret's plate it will bo obvious that this reading" is in part conjectural. On the obverse I do not find 0^*-> which he places before J>*ao.*jl : the sig-n I I take for the alif oi that name. On the reverse the order of the concluding" words, bracketed, is doubtful. The metal of the coin raises a suspicion that it is an ancient forgery. 'Abbas II. Neither on coins nor in manuscripts do I find any poetic inscriptions until the reign of 'Abbas II. j almost a century after that of Isma'il II. This Sh;ih uses two distichs : Throughout the world imperial* money came. Struck by Grod's grace in 'Abbas Sani's name. (JU yj^^ LS^^ ^-J>^ l^a» iSi^y^j Lo ! at this time throughout the world imperial money came, Struck by God's grace in 'Ali's watch-dogf 'Abbas Sani's name. * Imperial j^^lyLa-L. , f Lit. 'dog,' guardian of 'Ali Kiza's shrine at Mceh-hed. INTRODUCTION. Ixxix We are informed in the Kisas that the first of these distichs was adopted the day after this Shah was proclaimed ; and that, at the same time, for the motto of his seal this line was chosen ^^^ ^hW^ j^^* ^^X£a 5>.->,* where w^e may have the source of the second distich. Sulaiman's coins in his first name as Safi (II.) have not Sulaiman i. come down to us. Chardin states that they bore an "' inscription, which must have been a distich, as follows : Zibad hestie cliae Habas sanie Safie zad Zikkeh saheb Karanie. Dr. Rieu thus restores the Persian, the first line in Chardin being" obviously inaccurate, for it may be noted that there is no trace of'chaeMn Chardin's two translations. (Cou- ronnement de Soleimaan, 1671, pp. 149, 150.) ^\j U-''-?^ (^^A ^SJJ Since 'Abbas Sani from the world is passed awaj', Safi (the second's) money has imperial sway. Examples of this coinag-e may possibly be found among- the money of •'Abbas II. in some imperfectly classed collection, or among those of Safi (I.) The two distichs of Safi (II.) of the second period of his reign as Sulaiman I. are as follows : Ot^ O*^-"^ ^J jJ J-i *-^'>i**» cAXw For the sake of winning grace of him who men and genii leads.f The age's Solomon struck golden money for the people's needs. jl .ij * Jyija.U> A*^..! i^^. r* ^^ "' JJJ^-o_^ \d'-}* 3 {S^" ''^^•" \j'.'^\ l/s' J-i J (^ J^ Jjj^«j yiaj Ij CyiK i^\ £ S^ jyu 13|U* ^^S> (jiX) S^s! ^is** j * JU i^Uc |J» (JjSji" It) (Kisas, Add. 7656, f. i8a.) iy, axsI ji^-a* Jlj l^^^yU o.-»--. f 'All Riza; the poet playa on bia title as ' favour' or 'grace' IXXX INTRODUCTION. Since on my soul I struck the stamp of 'All's* love, The world oheyed my rule by grace of God (above). Sultan Sultan Husaiu uses two distichs, the second of which Husaia. ' ' • • i n/r does not occur on coins in the Museum : Money he struck by the grace of the Lord of east and west, the twain Everywhere, dog of the Prince of the Faithful's f shrine. Sultan Husain. By grace of God upon a golden face he made His coin, Sultan Husain, religion's aid. (Fraehu, Eec, p. 470.) Tahmiisp Ti. Tahmasp II. adopts the distich of 'Abbas II., merely substituting his own name, for his ordinary coinag-e, but on a sing-le coin we find another distich of a wholly new turn. The two are — Throughout the world imperial coinage came, Struck b}' God's grace in Tahmasp Sani's name. Tahuiasp the Second struck on purest gold assayed No man but 'AH and no sword but 'All's blade.J {Num. Citron., 1884, p. 2G0.) The second distich may be regarded as of medallic use, the only coin known which bears it being* dated in * The Khah'fa. f 'All Riza nominated heir by the Khalifa El-Ma-mun. X 'All tlie Khalifa and his famous twc-bladed sword. Blade, lit. Zu-1-fakar, INTRODUCTION. JXXXI Tiihmasp's first year, and the intention being- obviously a defiance of the Sunni Afghans. The distich is remarkable as being- the only one which presents two languages, the first line being in Persian, the second in Arabic. A complete Arabic distich does not occur. It must also be noted that here the Khalifa 'All the possessor of the famous two-bladed sword is intended, not 'Ali-Riza. Notwithstand- ing, it is remarkable that in this reign the series of 'Ali-Riza coins begins. Their distichs will be noticed later. The distich of Abbas III. is simply a variation of those 'Abbils in. of 'Abbas II. and Tahmasp II. : 0\^ J-> (^_5-t'' I ci-i-^5-*-:' Sj jj Ji A^*^ ^jtj.i*ai,.-£> 15^^ wJU j^W^ li*" \J^ Throughout the universe by grace divine a golden money came, Struck by Grod's shadow, a new emperor 'Abbas the third (by name.) A marginal note in the Favaid (Add. 16,G98, f. 7d) gives SuitMn the distich of the seal of Sultan Husain II. as follows : * ^ — 5lj.«..^=^_a. ^JL^J^ O^^J"0^^ — ^j ^j'^ ijJw ^^A,M,^ ^llaXw ii.^wl.0.^ olw *^>^Jj^ The king of men* commanded, and the royal right has ta'en The son of Shah Tuhmasp, the second Shah Sultan Husain. Nothing is said of a coin inscription, yet if 'All Merdan issued any coins for Sultan Husain it is probable that he would have used this distich. The title of 'Ali, here again instead of 'Ali-Riza, as ' King of heroes,' is, as Dr. Kieu agrees, very possibly a covert allusion to the name of the Bakhtiari chief 'Ali-Merdan, ^ 'Ali the hero,' by whose order Sultan Husain was set up. Saltan Muhammad's rupis, struck probably as patterns Sultan only, by Aka Muhammad Khan, bore the following distich according to the Favaid : * 'All the Khalifa. t Add. I(i,fi98, f. \i^((, where j&^ iox j^f, which Dr. Rioii substitutes on account of the metro, I Ixxxii INTRODUCTION. He struck his coin of gold by the Creator's grace, Sultan Muhammad ruler, of a noble race. Safavis, Ahmad Shtih struck coins, none of wliicb have come The family of down to US, with the distich, Ahmad. *^'* 5 >^V-« Oi^ >j^^ J3^^^ w-^Aj-J AJ '^-' He struck in climates seven, as sun and moon in might, Ahmad the Padishah heir of Sulaiman's right. (Tezkira-i-Al-i-Daud, f. 4i2b.) Sulaiman ii. Of the short reign of Sulaiman II. the coins, only known in the British Museum, bear two distichs : By grace divine he struck a coin of happy fame, The sovereign just, who second Solomon* became. *^ 3 >V-e ^^ O^^ ^j (^) iS3j >J3)^ M o\^ Ol^lw O"^ C)^"^i^'^ ^~~' ^■^'^ ^J^3 Shines as the rising sun and moon upon the earth Heir of Sulaiman's right, the Shah of saintlyf birth. The first of these I found in the Tezkira-i-Al-i-Da-ud, where a coin is fully described, l««;t £' ic ,_5J^1— liU-o li^lj J^lc sLi jyUJLu Jib, t^;^^^ lA»>H Ut^ jl t^W -'*^ ^'^ J^^'\-^ J^J U^<1 »_jl^. JjUlC jilj J v^Li J^Jo. ^_^ ^^J fi^y. JYj J^ ^iU^j LU ^ y, ^'iJl jl ^ ^.ji^ jl ^^»i ^^ ii ^jU JL jj, ^»J^^ ^.j^' ("v^ (S)r'' -if^ ./<^ j' ^ Tczkini i-Al-i-Daud, f. 98a -Oy«. •f Race of tho Say y ids. Ixxxiv IMKODLCTION'. Below the earth sank down the moon and shining sun, Envying the coin of Shah Mahmud world-conquering one. Here the Afghan prince takes the titles Jehangir and 'Alamgir, which had both become personal to Indian Sultans. The second distich is evidently modelled on that of Auraugzib 'Alamgir, which runs thus, on the gold, j*Xji, y^fA ^-a. ij aCj OV^ J^ Through all the world he struck his sun-like coin of golden ore, Shiih Aurangzib (throne ornament*) of earth the conqueror. while on the silver jJo takes the place of /v-«. Ashraf. The three distichs of Ashraf are wholly exceptional : Ji*wjw'^^^ O^l ^AX-jJ Oj^ Ui)on the Ashrafif was wrought the magic of his grace's name, Nobility from Ashraf's coin upon the sun there came. Ashraf laid hold on majesty with might : Let his coin's legend read ' Requited be unright.' By grace of Ashraf Shah, who keeps the right, The gold of the four friendsj now sees the light. The first is the only case in which the name of the coin here, as already shown^ of much older date, is connected with that of the reigning sovereign ; the second, with its strange allusion to punishment of crime, stands quite alone, and I am at a loss to explain it ; while the third, boldly substi- * Translation of Aiu'iingzib. t One would bo inclined to suggest the English ' noblo. ' J The four ' orthodox ' Khalifas. INTRODUCTION. IxxXV tuting- the * Four Companions,' Abu-Bekr, 'Omar, 'Osman, and 'All, for the twelve Imams, is the strongest instance of Sunui profession on the Persian coinage. The coins pub- lished in the body of the Catalogue (uos. 303, 204, p. 68) present no trace of the names of the Four Companions, but a coin of Mahmud since acquired (Suppl. no, 197^5, p. 273) shows an obverse margin with the series of names in ques- tion as on some Sunni coins. Nadir Shah's two distichs seem wholly original, and Efshsiris : mark, as already noticed, his claim to imperial power. They are — By gold in all the earth his kingship shall be famed Phceuix* of Persia's land, world-conqueror, sovereign named. Over Sultans of earth is Sultan, Nadir, Shah of Shahs, §alubkeraii.t 'All or 'Adil Shah's distich may belong to the ' Ali Riza, 'Adil Shah. series, though in the name of 'Ali no doubt it refers to the Shah's name as 'Ali : as already said (p. Ixx.), we cannot decide whether the primary reference is to Shah or Imam : Decreed of Him who ceases not, a currency there came The coinage of the sovereignty sent forth in 'All's J name. Ibrahim reverts to a distich in the old Safavi style : Ibrahim. By grace divine he struck a coinage of imperial worth, Shah Ibrahim, (his gold) sun-like illumining the earth. * Nadir. f Retained for the exigency of rhyme. X 'AH Shah and 'AH l{i?a. Ixxxvi INTRODUCTION. Shah llukh. Shah Rukh uses three distichs : Ij,^l>sj. j^ C-sji ij\j^\ C-.'_5i (S) dj^J [35 ] Whenas Shah Rukh imperial money coined, 'twas then A second time Iran renewed herself again. Throughout the world he struck his coin by grace divine, Shah Eukh the watchful dog of 'AH Ri?a's shrine. o ^ jjIjhL-j^Lo (Z^^j^ 3 0^t ^^m^M) jt Kerim Khan, Abu-1-Fet-h, Sadik, 'Ah' Murad, Aka Muhammad 'Ali-Riza series. Malidi series. Silver and gold through all the world have now become the moon and sun, Thanks to the true Imam's imprint the Age's Lord (the rightful one). j^L) oW J> i'j' **^ ^ Azad Khan jk_wL^ ^t«jJI w'^^'O aS^^ So long as Azad on the earth shall stand The Age's Master shall the coin command. ^Li ^jUmJ tj ^-;w 3 jJ ^ Aka Muhammad While stamped shall be the gold and silver ore The coinage of the Age's Master shall endure. * Lit., Shah of Religion, 'Ali Riza. t Tho Lord or Master of the Ago, the Mabdi. JXXXVm INTRODUCnON. ^_i;Li ^UJ U ^A^ ^ jj J.J Aka Muhammad ^x-wU ^t«j-!t s.^^'Us ^AiJw While stamp shall he on gold and silver ore The coinage of the Age's Master shall endure. It will be observed that no name of any ruler appear?, except Azad's throughout the series. The idea of the comparison of g-old and silver money to the sun and moon seems to beg-in on the coinage of Aurang-zib already cited, in which the symbolism of the sun occurs on the gold money, that of the moon (full moon) on the silvei'.* The idea of Kerim Khtin's distich, in which sun and moon gold and silver are in apposition, on both gold and silver money, occurs first in the distichs of Jehan- dar Shah, as follows, Through all tlie earth he struck his stamp upon the moon and sun, Jehandi'ir Shah, the champion of the faith, victorious one. This is varied by oU 3 ^< 0>?"« Farrukhsiyar substitutes 'gold and silver' for sun and moon, thus, Bj grace of God he struck his coin of gold and silver ore The emperor Ferrukhslj'ar the lord of sea and shore. * The lines ou the two-hiinclred mohur piece of Shah Jehiin handle the idea diffoi-ently. The golden face of the coin is to illumine the world as the moon is illumined by the sun's ray : ill i_fl!a] jl JJ \^ji^ iXo).5 j^ ji J*^ -! Ji^ |J* u-'' •»^=-' u-'"J ^- j) ^)J (From a cast in the Marsden Collection.) INTRODUCTIOX. Ixxxix A distich on a medal of N"* '^> given in the Favaid as the inscription of Kerim Khan's seal.f This phrase evidently suggested the motto ^,j^ ^. Aka Muhammad Khan on his largest gold pieces inscribes *UJ ^UoJI. Fet-h-'Ali Shah as Baba Khfin uses two mottoes, that just mentioned, and aX3 Sj,*)! which alone is continued durino: his reiffn as Shah. U>J1 LT'^* ou^i 1 wx».Lo L; Ji l«a)t^s». jb\^\ Li Jk^ak.>o L * Lit., sun. t (Add. 16,698, f. 125*'^) |.j.^r,U^ ^, ^ ^ \, ^ ^y ^] ^^ ^- m xc INTRODUCTION. Autonomoias copper. The inscription of Muhammad Shah •Xosk,* LJI a-IaAUt may be regarded as an allusive motto. The coins of Nasir- ed-din bear no motto, but the allusive one j,.oU.M ^ occurs on the medal of his karn, also the centenary of the Kiijar Dynasty (Med. no. 3, p. 263). The copper coinage of Persia under the Shahs is until the present reign, with insignificant exceptions, autonomous. Types and It presents on the obverse a type, usually the figure of an latar Cycle. j^QJ^ial, and on the reverse the name of the mint, preceded by 1^^ ^y^^ «T^j-^) or ^^^' No doubt the first inscrip- tion should be read wJ^ u*'^-^, the inversion being due to the habit on gold and silver money of placing the word wJ>-o at the foot of the coin, to be read immediately before the mint written next above it. As the types in several instances are identical with the eponymous animals of the Tatar Cj^cle, it might be supposed that these at least were chosen with a chronological intention. The animals of the Cycle are as follows, with the equivalent, apparent or probable, on the coins, and the animals on the coins not in the cycle. Tatar Cycle. Equivalent. Probable Nou-equivalcnt. Equivalent. Mouse Ox Bull Tiger Hare Hare Crocodile Dragon Serpent Horse Horse Sheep Ibex Ape Ape Hen Cock Peacock Dog Ho- Elephant Camel Goose (Duck) Fishes Lion and Sun Lion Sun Lion and Bull Lion and Stag Ship Sabre. INTRODUCTION. XCl There can be no question that some of the coin-types are derived from the animals of the Tatar Cycle. There is however no chronolog-ical reference. This is sufficiently shown by the intervals at which types recur. The Lion and Sun and the cognate types are of different origin. The Lion and Sun is of Seljuk derivation, or older. The Lion and Bull and Lion and Stag may be carried back to the Achsemenid times. The Ship is an isolated type. The famous two-bladed sword of ^Ali, Zu-l-fikar, properly Zu-1-fakar, is of course a Shi^a symbol. GENEALOGICAL TREES. In the following genealogical trees the object is to exhibit the descent of the Shahs and other rulers, whose names are distinguished by numerals. A few names have been added of personages who may have exercised royal functions, though I have found no proof that they did so, as Hamza the son of Muhammad Khudabanda, and others of the first historical importance, as Haidar, the brother of the king just mentioned. Where royal personages have apparently been personated their names are here given, as SafI and SAm, the sons of Sultan Husain Shah. I have been able to place the sons in order of seniority with the exception of those of Sultan Ilusain Shah. INTRODUCTION. S « w- CO > < UL < co- lli I H LL o UJ 111 HH 1=3 ee c3 m TS 1— 1 ^ ;^^ jl ^g <^ ■^ rt ^ II ^ r^ «+H 02 'S ^ ci ^ rQ- ■^ ^ ' — c3 r:! ^5 ■>- CC> ^ 02- M- t> M p ^ p '3 to "W- PI 02 02 P5 w- ^ P a 02 M ^ -a g C3 "rt ^ CO f3 a w- CI " !=i "■«. % '^ CJ 02 v«5 M CO INTRODUCTION. GENEALOGICAL TREE OF THE AFGHANS. Father I Mir Vais 'Abd-el-'AzIz i. Mahmud. n. Ashraf. GENEALOGICAL TREE OF THE EFSHARIS. Imam-Kuli Ibrahim /. Nadir Sultan Husain Shah //. AlI-Kuli,'Adil Shah ///.Ibrahim Ri?a-Kuli = Daughter or 'All Shah ] IV. Shah Rukh. XCIV INTRODUCTION. to o z < N Lll I I- LL O UJ UJ < O O o -1 < z UJ o Ul- f^ < ra- s ^ '^^ ^7" • .4. c3 Pi Xi ^oi ^c« ^ . '~4 n3 OS ^c3 P. c3 M ^ c3 d ^ CO . ^C3 — s ,£3* ^ ci3 pl ^ ra ■g ^ <1 Ph INTRODUCTION. XCV NOTES TO THE PEDIGEEES. GENEALOGICAL TREE OE THE SAEATCS. 1. The infant heir of Isma'il. 'Mam-drdi, Add. 16,684, f. 625. 2. TezJcira-i-Al-i-Dd-ud, f. 32 a, for this female descent from 'Abbas I. 3. lb. Fol. 64 5—65 h. 4. lb. Fol. 34 I. 5. lb. Fol. 37 a. 6. lb. Fol. 64 b. GENEALOGICAL TREES OE THE ZANDS AND kAjArS. 1. Muhammad Kerim, oi'iginally called Tushmal-Kerim. Zinat-et- Tavdrikh, Add. 23,527, f. 171 h. 2. 'Ali-Murad was foster-sister's son of Zeki Kb an and son of 'Allah- Murad Khan. His motlier, after his father's death, took refuge in Sadik Khan's harltn, and became mother of Muhammad Ja'farKhan. Giti-Kushdi, f. 91 a. In the Ziiiat, Sayyid-Murad Khan and his fellow conspirators against Ja'far, Din Murad and Shah Murad, are called sons of the paternal uncle, 'All Murad Khau [Ibid. 32 a). 'Ali- Murad is always called a Zand, but I have been unable to ascertain his relationship to other members of the family. 3. Muhammad §adik. 4. Zeki, younger brother of Kerim Kian. Favdid, Add. 16,698, f. 129 b. 5. Muhammad Ja'far. Gili-Kushdi, f. 91 a. 6. This list in order is taken from the Tarikh-i-Kajaria (lithogr.) 10 a, and given on account of the importance of the personages. 7. Ferman-Ferma. 8. Zill-i-Sultan. ERRATA. p. 19,1. 1, ybr Mohammad ?raJ Muhammad „ 25, 11, 8, 11, 12, /o;- C^l read (^) C.^--A „ 30, 1. 2, foi' 1666 read 1667 „ 67, „ 14, 25, ^eZe (die of 1137) „ 86, y, 4, for " with name of" read " with allusion to " ,, 91, ,, 4, for 1750 rea^ 1749 ,, 98, „ 7, transpose lines of distich „ ,, „ 4 from foot, for a^ read a^ „ 108, „ 15 „ „ ^«.jl Ij „ 0-* ^ „ 122, „ 9 „ „ >oU'i)l „ u^*:^' „ „ „ 13 „ „ ^of>oUt „ OofO^' „ 132, „ 2 „ „ Fat-h „ Fet-h „ 140, ,, 1 „ „ Jaa'far „ Ja'far „ 153, last line, insert Pl. XIII. „ 177, 1. 4,/or'lsJl read LJI „ 190, „ 12, deh Pl. XV. „ 205, „ 2, for Arz-i-kuds read Arz-i-akdas „ 232, ,, 7 from foot, /or sun read sun, rayed „ 266 „ 13, insert Pl. I. ,, 322, ,, 3, transfer distich to p. 319, line 15 Pl. XII., title, /or Fat-h read Fet-h „ „ „ Jaa'far „ Ja'far i BL CHEONOLOGICAL TABLE OF SHAHS AND KHANS. S A F A V I S . AFGHANS. SAFAVIS MATERNALLY. E F S H A R I S. BAKHTIARI. c SAFAVIS. l.-ISMA'fL I. A.ir. 907— 930=A.D. 1502—1524. GOLD. 1 Herat, 916. Obverse Area, within sixfoil, Jl SXi * Margin, in cartouches, Eeverse, J[i]'^ « " u^ ^ ^ ~ — " JkXi. (J^l*. Ji^.^^ tj>*«<">«'' «^ >A^SLoJ[l] .... 3 AJLkJLw J dSLLo ^llaJ I Pj,. T. iV 7, \Vt. 51M n 2 ?AFAYIS. 2 Sliiraz, 922. Obv, Area, arrang'ecl in mill-sail pattern formed of ^Xfi repeated, the c making a rosette in centre, Margin, «^ Pt. I. ^ -5, "Wt. 13-7 3 Mint and date obliterated. Obv. Area within square, formed by ^ in margin. 4.JL_Jt 'i)t .Ut -N) aJUI ^ jU aJD! ^Margin, in segments, ISMAIL I, Eev. Area, JL .JL Pl. I. ^Vio, Wt. 119 SILVER. 4 Mint obliterated, 908. Obv. Area witbin square, formed by At , A_JIJI •s)! aJI ^ Margin, . , Eev. JiL [^] . . . ['] jJt -9, Wt. 71-0 Astarabad, date obliterated, Obv. as (4), but area tbird line Margin, ^~.i jBJtS^ L>s**** Rev. as (-1), but lines 3 foil, read il_.lj_;L^! ^j-^ (S) AiCA^ (J of [AJ]lJftX«; serves for I of ^IjI;.wI) M -0, Wt. 697 SAFAVIS. Mint and date obliterated. Similar, but y_£ instead of ^ ;r -9, Wt. 70-3 Sultaniya, date obliterated. Obv. Area similar to (6). Margin, in segments, ^ ^ (^wjAaa. ^ ^_>t, Rev. Area, similar to (1) but ending M -Oo, Wt. G9-3 Obv. Area in circle, 8 Tabriz, date obliterated. aJJ Margin, in six cartouches, [3— ^j] Rev. [«U,>Ja«3l^l ^1^1 iV" J-«^i^l «iJUI jkJLfi. rjL^ >:!>^ s* [3] J"* *^^ J^A^ ^^A-oJt (Second line in a border,) f\,. Pi,. I. B. -8, Wt. i7 7 SAFAVIS. 11 Mint and date obliterated. Obv. Area in circle, aJUI -^^t a)I ^) Margin, in six cartouches, ^[^] c^ Kev. c l !l .... »x k ». ^ . a » ..It 12 ^ 1 1, Wt. 73-2 Mint obliterated, 915, Obv., in square formed b}'- ^Xc in margin, 1 sJj Margin, $.< ^_j~> fkc- j>&XCk> ^AC- .>.'« >X.» « »>c fc * Rev. Ci! ^ [a]^[1«] j ftp, II In centre, within sixfoil, w>^ Ua Pl. I. JR -95, Wt. 142-8 isma'il I. 16 Mint obliterated, 929. Obv. Area, within square, in square Koofee, ^ |AJUI ] - -:> Margin, in segments, i«-'_^['«] alone legible. Rev., within quatrefoil, dli [Jli-a-O"-'' C ^— ft— xzuJI Margin obscure. 17 M -6, Wt. 30-2 Amul, fifth year ? (a.k. 911.) Obv. Area, within square formed by ^c. in margin, A_JUI N)t aJI -n) [aJJJI J^«.j ta^«.ah«o Margin, Rev. [c^l [c^l O— **" L>!i- ^A^ >X^^.]LaJI [o]LkJL-..[Jt] 4.0^ 4,JJt jjl». In centre, within border, ^J^lc^ M -95, "Wt. 119-5 18. Kazvin ? date obliterated. Obv. Area, within eightfoil, aX)I -^t All N) aU I \^^j J^i«ia^>« aWI J3 ^X^ Margin, ^ j^^^^ ,Xc Jk^ a » ~ o ISMA'fL T, 11 Eev. [J-o]liOl JiUII o^-^~JI (sic) ^^\ ^\-^ )[ll In centre, within quatrefoil, PL. I. ^ 1-1, Wt. 288- 18fl Mint and date obliterated. Obv. Area, arranged in mill-sail pattern formed of ^Ac repeated, the e making a rosette in centre. 3-6 Margin, in four cartouches, b^^HJ>[-j] aJJI JwJLi. (.sic) (J>- written w^^'^^l? ; r united to I, and A to I of ^jlJ*^A, which is affixed to is .) Pierced. M -95, Wt. 02'2 14 SAFAVIS. 21 Isfahan, 94<9. Obv. wiLliin sixfoil, 4_JUI -N)! aJ[I 'i)] jk ^ -v- ■« 3 c!£ [A.JUI] (L Margin, in cartouches, lleV. w*-wloT^li> ['>1''[^] m 7, Wt. so- 22 Isfahan, 955*. Obv. Area, in square formed by ^ repeated. Margin, Ic!£ Rev. ^J[q [»]•^!Li aJJ! (S) jJ^ ^^-.swJI 0^=5. In centre, within oblong eightfoil, «_..<«wl-^-^]0 dLw 300 f^\.k.>a 1 wJ/«J ill -8, Wt. G8-3 TAHMASP I. 15 23 Mesh-hed, 976. Obv. within ornamented circle, a — LJt J>— 'J t5— ^^-* L5— ^-5 aJUI Margin, in two compartments. Rev., in border formed by compartments of margin, 'J 1V1 Margin, in two compartments, I wJU* ^' O^ ci£ >*'^[*^ J^^' o^aJ^I] [^^■cJt] ^i^swll [j-aJJioit ^j1 ^^)^_)l dJlc Pl. I. ^ -8, Wt. 3o-l 24 Same ntiint and date. Similar ; but in rev. margin legible [I. U. 0.] Al -05, Wt. 71-2 10 SAFATIS. 24a Resht, date obliterated. Obv. Area, witbin quatrefoil border, Margin, in cartoucbes, [^ . . . a^s.^]^ Rev. Area, >15JI J[i]U)l [o]Ua[A-Jl] ■ ■ ■ ^1>J['] In centre, witbin quatrefoil border, terminating in interlaced ornament on either side. M -95, Wt. 69- 25 Kum, date obliterated. Obv. Area arranged in mill-sail pattern, formed of ^ repeated, tbe c making a rosette in centre. Margin, in cartoucbes, [aJJI] ^j^ j^ I aX)I ^^!_3 j^U tahmAsp t. 17 Eev. [ilpl JAC.[)\] pi — \r-i >A[Ja^' >jl] a_JL_[.a.] Centre, within quatrefoil, V ■© ^-J» (sic) j6^ Lw m 75, \Vt. 69-8 2G Herat, date obliterated. Obv. Area, within lozenge formed by ^ repeated^ aJL3i aJL!I A_JUJt^^, -] ■Ai^a»~4 , r-^ ^ -^ Pl. t. m -ft, Wt. 4^ 1 D 18 SAFAVIS. 27 Mint aiitl date obliterated. Obv. Area, within border formed by cartouches, dJUl 'N)t A_JI -N) Margin, iu cartouches, Rev. [o]UaJ,_-.J[l] Centre, within ornamental border, -S -9, Wt. 118- SULtAn MOI.IAililAD KUUDABANDA. 19 IV.-SULTAN MOHAMMAD KHUDABANDA. A. II. 985— 996 = A.T). 1578—1587. GOLD. 21 a Isfahan, 985. Obv. Area, witliin quatrelbil border, d Ji._Jt j^J Margin, within cartouches, Rev. Area, within border of many foils, ... 3 AaJIc [^]^> _ _. [i]b * Lk_Jl_w Margin, aO.* aX)I j^A«i. rt,. I. N -8, wt. 71-5 * ^\i is probalily tbo lioi,nniiiiijT of «lijb. -Ji) SAFAA'IS. Sari, date obliterated. In centre, witliin fleur-de-lis border, \ wj ]{ev., in centre, Around, >c>^LJI aJLc ^Ua ^jI [^^c ^^U *i]L» dj^^^U*. M -75, Wt. 28- 27c Similar. Obv., aWI ^3 ^c aJUI J>-[;] J^«a-^ aJ^M 'i)! a)I "^ In centre, as (27J'), liev., in centre, jL^-a*..^ Around, jt>'%J\ [AaXc w-JlJa ^j!] ^C ve*i^ *J^-' d..V*jl»Xa. PL. I. M 7, wt. 27-3 * i\i is probablj' tho boginnhif; of 8'j,jb , the rest being indicated by the lines surrounding tho central inscription. 'abbAs I. 21 V. -'ABBAS I. A.H. 996— 1038=A.D. 1587—1629. GOLD. 28 Isfahan, 997. Obv. Area, in circle, AJL)I Jj 'J (j£ Margin, in cartouches. Rev. Area, in ornamental border, u Margin, ^ AJ . . . . Jk.^ dli ,^Lt j.aJao.)l ... I Pi.. II. .tV Tw, Wt. 35o 22 SAFATIS. 29 Kazwin, date obliterated. Obv. Area, in circle, J dJJt Inner margin, Outer margin, in cartouclies, ci£ I ->'*=^ ci£ ^^l^^ 1 I • • Kev. Area, in border of many foils, 5 ^ /- Centre, in border of eiglit foils, 3 Margin, U^, a letter ^wJ legible. Margin illegible. [I. 0. C] M -7, wt. 5G-7 32 Huwaiza, 1017 ? Obv. within ornamental border, 5 ^U '^-^' ^^ Margin, in four compartments, jasu*- alone legible. Rev. Oo jk.ij [3] In centre, within circle, oj,j) (The inscription reads ^Jj^^- w>o ^*c >Z^*^f) dLi ajuj) Margin, traces of inscr. with dute 1 . v 1 * M -85, Wt. 56-3 * From the stylo, this is a coin of 'Abbaa I., not of 'Abbiis II. 24 SAFATI8. 33 Huwaiza, date obliterated. Similar : but obv. margin, | | | ^Xc | ^~- M '9, Wt. 591 VI.-SAFI (I.) A.ii. 1038— 1052=A.D. 1629—1642. SILVER. 34 Erivan, 1038. Obv. [aJJ] M ' -^j' ^ — r — " '^J! (d >.o «X- [I. o. C] ill -s, wt. 111-.'; sAPf (r.) 25 Isfahan, 1039. Obv. aJL) [a) I] liev. [o]Li ^U. jl Ecv. inscription reads w**jl («a-o ^e'^i^c O^'?' j' *^ or Pl. II. iR '85, Wt. lir.-5 35 Isfahan, 103[f]. Obv. [aJU] J^ Pvev. ail J[3] '^)_5 dlw [d]jw[.;jj I . r Pl. II. M 75, Wt. 50-5 E 26 SAFAVTS. VI I. -'ABBAS II. A. IT. 1052— 1077= A.D. 1G12— 1G(5G. DISTICirS. 01)V. Arcii, SI LVK II. 36 Tiibiiz, 1059. dJlJI ^)l dJI -N) ]\Iargin, jk.oo^* ^Xc ^^~'5•o j-^-r^ ^.o-a^-« ^^ C>-~**" O-**-*" <^ Pierced. I'l,. II. m 1-, Wt. 112-6 'abhas II. 27 3Gfl Tabriz, 1062. Similar to (3G), date i .^r , and m -95, Wt. 1127 37 Mint obliterated, 1005. Obverse Area similar to (30) : no margin. Reverse similar to (30), but ends ^o «j Pierced. M -65, Wt. 271 38 Tabriz, 1000. Similar to (30), but rev. ends j-ij^ ^r!/-^- M r, Wt. 113-2 39 Tabriz, 1009. Similar to (30), date i • 1 1 40 Tabriz, 1070. Similar to (30), date i • v . Al riD, wt. 141-5 ill VJo, Wt. 111-8 41 Mint obliterated, 1071. Similar to (30), date i .vi I'ici-ccd. Kl 1-1, Wt. 13iV8 28 SAFAVIS. 42 Mint obliterated, 1072. Similar to (3G), date i -vr Piei-ced. iR I'l, Wt. 12i-2 43 Mint obliterated, 1073. Similar to (3G), date i .vr . M 1-05, Wt. 139-4 44 Erivan, 1075. Similar to (30), date i .voj rev. ends O'iJ^' [^J*]-^ • [I. O. C] M 1-05, wt. 128--1 45 Tiflis, 107^. Similar to (36), date i • v ; rev. ends (.^»«JU5 w»>^ . M r2,"Wt. 140-4 40 Titlis, date obliterated. Similar to (30), but order of rev. changed in details, and y,j^flsO . M 1-2, Wt. 139-7 47 Tabriz, date obliterated. Obv. Area, *UUI ^)\ aJ\ ^ A\i M '^^^ J^j Margin, c>^^b Jj^tj J^h ^-^^^ [^•^'^ J-^ ^-v]-Ul 'abbIs II. 29 Eev. ^JlJ ,.^l_*.C ^^J..C w«X£3 !«>,». t?s^3^j ^^ / Pl. II. JR 1'6, Wt. 566-9 48 Huwaiza, 1054. Obv. Area, A-iJ[l] (! 3 L5^ Margin, [i] [Rev. inscr. should read oji^^ '--i/-^ tr'W* '^i'^3 otw dJk.o] ^ -75, wt. 41'5 49 Huwaiza, 1072 ? Similar; but rev. centre, [«]>J ivr (?) ill 75, Wt. is 3 30 SAFAVIS. VIII.-SULAIMAN I. (SAFI II.) A.n. 1077— 1105 = A.D. IGGC— 1G91. D I S T I C H S. SILVER. 50 Isfahan, 1082. Obv. Arcii, xk)\^j\ a}\*^ _5 ^ aX)I J^wj Margin, «x«a^.« ^Xc ^-j^.^ >»«»• fcXiO-a*"* (^ O llcv. "il^ ol ^ V / L_ft-o I .AT I'L. II. ^ 1-85, Wt. 276-5 sulatmAn r. 31 51 Ganja, 108G. Similar to (50) ; but 01)v. countermark of Dutch E.I.C. ^ ill -85. Wt. 111-5 52 Tabriz, 1087. Similar to (50), but obv. no margin ; rev. last line, A V Pierced. M. ■(!, Wt. 20-5 53 Isfahan, 1090. Obv. Area, aJL)I ^)l a) I ^) J^- aXJ ^ aJUI J^-wj Margin, traces of names of Imams. Rev. as (50), but w*^ ^ Al '55, Wt. 27'9 54 Same mint, and date (?) Similar, but obv. no margin visible. llev. I . ■} t Unit of date wanting ? M -o;-), Wt. 10-8 32 SAt'ATTS. 55 Tabriz, 1092. aJD Obv. Area, ^ \ ^)l a )l '^) AX)t 3 Margin as (50). Tvcv. as (50), but ^lo-jAw and }i^'^ M -Go, Wt. 27-5 -SI -55, wt 27-3 56 Isfahan, 1093. Similar to (53), but date i . ■) r 57 Isfahan, 1096. Obv. as (50), same die. Eev. J \ oj ij jj ^ — i 1 J. A e^ A. X m) < ;; / ^^ V ^ fw ^ \ ,^ — * — \ w Vw^ / I . 1 ^ ^\ ^ A -O J _o Pl. II. [I. O. 0.] ^17, Wt.541- sulaimAn I. 33 58 Naklichuvdii, 1096. Similar to (50) ; but rev., naskhi and iJ^-^J, and V, / 59 Similar. 60 I Similar, but ^^s Pl. hi. M 1-, Wt. 113-6 M -75, Wl. o7-l Pierced. M -Q, Wt. 28' 61 Isfahan, 1097. Similar to (50) ; but rev., naskhi ; above first line i . 1 v, last lines liev. j^ ^jl_(|,.fl..ol 62 Nakhchuvan, 1097. Obv. similar to (50). w»j^)_5 c>\. ^ 6J^. 1 M -G, Wt. 27 1 Pierced. Mil, Wt. 1107 63 Same mint and date. I • ) V Similar, but rev. )JI-o-a_X«j M-'X>, wt. iu-9 F lU ! SAFAVIS. 64 Same mint and date. 1.1 V Similar, but rev. ^t-o-j-^--' Pierced. M V, Wt. 111-3 65 Same mint and date. Similar to (G3), but obv. no margin. M 75, Wt. 50-9 66 Hamadan, 1097. Similar to (50); but rev., naskbi ; and above first line i.^v mint (JjlJk^iA .51 75, Wt. 5--3 67 Eesht, 1098. Similar to (02), but obv. no margin ; rev. mint and date I • 1 A M -6, Wt. 28-6 6S Isfaban, 1099. Obv. similar to (50). Kev. Area similar to (50), but naskbi, and above first line \ -U ; inscr. ends >. / >'^ Margin, nestalik, in two cartoucbes, ^lew ^_a_j J.J jb^j IJ IjjXc >LV^] "a-^ PL. in. M 1-9, wt. 561-9 SULA.IMAN I. 35 69 Isfahan, 1099. Similar, but without margins. ^•5, Wt. 11-5 70 Tabriz, 1099. Similar to (62), but obv. no margin; rev. mint and date J- i ^ M -55. Wt. 29- 71 Isfahan, 109.r. Obv. similar to (57). Rev. ^l__wOj f • 1 ■ V - I V / Pierced. M. I'l, Wt. 252-2 72 Nakhchuvcln, 1101. Similar to (02), but obv. no margin. Rev. jjlo.*XLLJ PierceJ. M -(io, Wt. 261 36 SAFAVIS. 73 Gauja, 1103. Similar to (50) ; but rev., naskhi, and I I .r M V, "Wt. 115- 74 Isfahan, 1104. Obv. as (G8). Rev. Area, within border formed by two cartouches, as (GS), but above, 1 1 .f Margin in cartouches, as (68). .ail-55,Wt. 285-1 74« Ganja, 1105. Obv. similar to (50). Kev. similar to (G2), 1 1 .e M -95, Wt. 1147 75 Kazvin, lOaja?. Similar to (53), but rev. ends V / Twice pierced. M 'io, Wt. 10'4 76 Mint obliterated, lOxx. Similar to (55), date i • M -5, wt. 11-6 sulaimAn I. 37 77 Huwaiza, 1084. Obv. [dJJ\ J^j j.<,=^] ail "Nil All -v) In centre, J aJUI Rev. J..O ^jl[.o-*A«>' ^^"^j oli «»x*j] In centre, oj. — j 78 1084 (iaf). Pierced. ^ S", Wt. 49-6 PiCi-m?. iR 70, Wt. 50 -e 79 1085 (i.Ao). Obv. Zn (sic) AJl) -s)! a)I -n) Pl. hi. iR -75, Wt. 53-1 Rev. centre, SO 1085 ( Ao). 81 1085. «; I Pierced. M -To, Wt. 40* PJeccci?. iR •7"), Wt. t!)-l 38 SAFAVIS. 82 1086 (\A.fi). licv. centre, Pierced. M S, Wt. 53-2 83 ' 1087 (i .Av). Date written as on (81). Pierced. M '85, Wl. 527 84 1088 (i .aa). Date written as on (81). 85 1089 (i .Ai). Date written as on (81). 86 Sulaiman ? No (late. M 7. Wt. 487 M 7, wt. 54-4 Outer inscr. obscure. 87 Similar to (86). Pierced, JR '8, Wt. 54" M -8, Wt. 53 •« sultAn husatn". 39 IX.-SULTAN HUSAI N. A.u. 1105— 1135= A.D. lG9i— 1722. DISTICH. GOLD. 88 Isfahan, 1134. Obv. A_JUI -N)! A_)l -N) Margin, ^«.=k..4 ^Xc ^>-e >*»»■ J^«a^« ^^ U-e****- (>**•*• <^ Kev. ^)3 ol w V / oW Pl. II r. Pierced. JT SB, Wt. 50-3 * Peculiar to this coin. 40 SAFAVIS. SILVER. 89 Tiflis, 1107. Obv. aJU Margin similar to (88). V > i'> — • — ~< e> I'll K, X w Obv. ^^aAA^ J'^ M 1'35, Wt. 134-5 90 Tabriz? 1110. Ai) <^ 1 Mi ^ II Nl a)l ^3 AXM J^^j ^o5W..O Margin similar to (88). sultAn hdsain. 41 Rev. J I 4_jC ^ ..^^^e.,! o V ^ ^ j2>-*-S/ ~*-« J I i^-A ^^— ^ III. V . 'J 0-- ^ u^-^[-J^ >] ' : '[^] 90a Ganja, 1110. Similar, but Aa..^^ 91 Mint obliterated, 1110. Similar to (90). 92 Mint obliterated, 1112. Similar to (00), date 1 11 r. M -95, Wt. 112-8 M 1% Wt. ]ll-2 Pierced. M -05, Wt. 26-5 Pierced. M -0, Wt. 112-7 G 42 SAFAVIS. 93 Isfaliuii, 1113. Obv. aJI) ;Lc I ^)^ ^ )l ^) Margin similar to (88). Rev. Jl 4— JC w w- t»-l — *^ L^ 1 ^ I I ir PL. III. M 1-25, Wt. Iir4 94 Mint obliterated, 1113. Similar to (90). Pierced. [T.O.C.] M VOo, Wt. 112-3 95 Similar. Pierced. M 75, Wt. 515 96 Isfahan, 1118. Obv. aJI -n) a)l j^)3 ^Xc Margin within six cartouches, similar to (88). sultAn iiusain, 43 licv. aJJ * In centre, in quatrefoil, I I I A Pl. hi. M 21, Wt. 836-6 97 Isfahan, 1121. Obv. aJU ^)\ J licv. "i)^ ol w ^ I J- 1 1 n I'l. IV. yK:j-15, Wt. 1918- * The inilial letter of si\ hi i^»U jJJ! jli. is at tbo baso of the inscriiJtiun ; and ^J\y\ is wiitton ^y^ unless the 1 of _j;l has double use. 44 llev. SAFATTS. 98 Isfahan, 1123. Obv. similar to (88) ^h o\ t, -1 Oi^ M.^ ^ d^;-> J I I rr 99 Same (same die). 100 Mcsh-liL-d, 1124. [I.O.C.; -SI 17, wt. lor: Pl. IV. M 1-U5, Wt. 2W- Similar to (88), date i I rt«, aud j^^^ j^ M V, Wt. 83- 101 Erivan, 1125. Obv. area similar to (88) ; no margin. Rev. ^)3 o\ tj lire \^j J I ^ >a Pierced. M tJ, Wt. .i\ Obv. sultAn husain. 45 102 Isfahan, 1127. ^ ji.»a>..o aJUI ^JI Ajl ^) ( rv Rev. ^ •• ^-j'NJI^ oli v« iR 1-x 65, Wt. 129-3 103 Similar, ( i r v 104 Same mint and date. Obv. aAJ Pl. V. ^ 7 X io, Wt. 51-3 I -N)! A_JI -N) J^. -■0- Rev. -s)^ a I i I I r V Jl iS, Wt. .J7-3 46 SAFAVIS. 105 Isfahan, date wanting. Similar to (101). M -3, Wt. 11-5 105« Erivau, 1127. Similar to 102 ; obv. varied, i i r v : rev. ends V /j_.o M Vx 7, Wt. 133-5 lOG Isfahan, 1129. Obv. area similar to (88) ; no margin. llev. "^j o\ tt V II »J V . -Jj-^ 1 1 rl M V, wt. 82-1 107 Tabriz, 1129. Obv. area, within oruamental oblong, similar to (102). Margin similar to (88). llev. k>s***' dl.w -^h in centre, within ornamental oblong, 1 1 r Margin, j^Xi. ^IsU^Jt ^j ^IjIs^!! ^ ^IJaX^ll ^j ^UaA.-^)! ill 1-1 X 7, Wt. 134-5 sultAn iiusain. 47 108 Rev. contro, Similar to (lOG), Similar, but 1 1 r'5 }ir^ Pl. V. M 1 •05x7.1 ., Wt. 134 2 109 Isfahan, 1130. V. J Pierced. M V05, Wt. 077 110 Similar ; but rev., -'J 1 ir. L>i- M^ o ^.A-O Piercec?. M 1'0.5, Wt. 76-1 110« o Similar ; hut rev., v / 111 Tabriz, 1130. Similar to (106), butj,j^J ami tir. M I'lT), Wt. 83-2 Fiercfd. MV, Wt. 78-9 48 SAFATIS, lllo Similar to (111): I'cv. same die. M V, Wt. 83-5 112 Titlis, 1130. V / Similar to (IOC), but u^*lfu and ( ir. j^ Pierced. IBi -95, Wt. 7VS 112a Similar. M -9, wt. 82-8 113 Kazvin, 1130. Similar, but \ij-i$j^- Pierced. M V, Wt. 82-8 114 Kashan, 1130. Obv. similar to (106). Rev. •Njo 0l_ V. O-s-a. o 0>.O ^. J i 114a Similar. M 1-05, Wt. 82-3 Twice pierced. M V, Wt. 757 SULTAN IIUSAIN. 49 Eev. Rev. 115 Mesh-hed, 1130 (?) Obv. similar to (100), order of letters varied. <^ I \r «i^-V' ' " < y — *a (The order is ^U J^^\ ^y^ o-e~>»-) Twice pierced. Pl. V. ^ -95, Wt. 80 i IIG Nakhchuvan, 1130. Obv. similar to (100). ^h .1 i O O-s—*" •*-«-.•• iir. |( J-^ liev. M V, Wt. 827 116« Similar. Pierced. M '9, Wt. 77 'ts 117 Isfahan, 1131. Obv. .similar to (8,8). ^)_S oli ^- )l^ft«Ol j.«i ^j.^&. 6J>Xj "- 1 in yR 1-1, Wt. S2-1 11 50 SAFAYIS. 117a I If I Obv. similar to (117) ; but rev. similar to (110), ^~^ Ticice pierced. M I'OS, Wt. 66- 1176 Erivan, 1131. Similar to (101) ; but last line of rev. ends iin M -Oo, Wt. 83 2 118 Tabriz, 1131. Similar to (111), i ir( 119 Titlis, 1131. Similar to (112), ( iri .51 -95, Wt. 83-1 M 0, Wt. 83- 120, I20a Tiflis, 1131. Similar ; varied. (Rev. of 120 same die as 119.) [I. O. C] .51 -9, Wt. 82 6 Pierced. JR -9, Wt. 81" 121 Similar. Pierced. M -o", Wt. 20-1 122 Kazvin, 1131. Obv. Area, within ornamental octagonal bonier, similar to (88). Margin similar to (8S). Ivcv., witbin ornamental border, similar to (113) : i in. Pierced. M Vl!i, Wt. 79-4 SULTAN HUSAIN, f)l 123 Isfahan, 1132. Obv, as (88). Eev. similar to (106); but l^lyA^ : i irr M 1 05, wt. 80-3 124 Obv. similar to (88). Eev. similar to (106) : i irr Twice pierced. ^ "l, Wt. 62-5 125 Similar; but rev. similar to (110) : i irr M V, Wt. 82 6 126 Erivaiij 1132. Similar to (101) : I irr 127 Similar, 127a Eesht, 1132. Obv. similar to (88). Pierced. M 'Ho, Wt. "9-2 .51 -9, Wt. 831 Eev. "ilj dL V V ^ J^ Ai 1)5, Wt. b2-3 52 sAFAvrs. 128 Kazvin, 1132. Obv. as (88). Rev , within ornamental octagonal border, similar to (113) : i i rr [I.O.C.] M V, Wt. 83-9 129 Isfahan, 1133. Obv. as (88). Rev. "^5 0^ tf I 1 rr V / l. Pierced. M 105, Wt. (i7 1 Ai 1-, Wt. 69-8 130 I I rr Similar, but |>*~.». 131 Tabriz, 1133. Similar to (88) ; but i irr and >^ / Tl v. M r, wt. 83-2 131« Similar to (111) : i irr rierod. M ■!), wt. V/'S sultAn husain. 53 132 Tiflis, 1133. Obv. similar to (88). Ecv., witliin ornamental border, •s)3 6\ i I irr < J With two rings, and pierced. JR '85, \\ t. 68'6 133 Nakhchuvan, 1133. Obv. similar to (88). Rev. '^^ i>\ i ^j I irr Pierced. Ai Vo, Wt. 82-() 134 Tabriz, 1134. Similar ; but rev., within ornamental border, I irf andj->j.*3 i'l. v. .ai 1-1, Wt. b3-i 135—138. Similar ; varied in ornaments. M -95, Wt. 83- M V. wt. 83-3 Pierced. Ai ■•Jo, Wt. 81 2 [I.O.C.] rifrcid. Ai ill";, Wt. (i3 4 54! SAFAVIS. 139 Similar to (135), but Tenth Imam ^ omitted. [I.O.C] Pierced, ^r, Wt.81-3 uo Similar to (134), but rev. border not ornamental. Twice pierced. M 7, Wt. 40-y 141 Tiflis, 1134. Similar to (134), but M 1-, Wt. 82i 142 Tabriz, 1135. Similar to (134) : iiro Twice pierced, ^ Tl, Wt. 78" 143 Tiflis, date wanting. Similar to (112). Pierced a>id ringed. Sj '6, Wt. 23"2 144 Mint and date wanting. Obv. similar to (90). V 1^ ^[^] ^ . [x^] ^ A u . a- [(J I la X .w] M -Ho, Wt. 28-3 tahmAsp II. 55 X.-TAHMASP II. A.n. 1135—1144 = A.D. 1722—1731. DISTICH. GOLD. 145 Kazvin, 1134.* Obv. aJIJI ^)\ aJ\ n) JkiQ. — ak-.« Rev. ; ' J A_*_fc.L_- tf 4,_^, J U A_A_^V_° r AX 195, Wt. 11. 3-8 60 SAFAVIS. 177 Similar to (17G) ; bat oW*-^ M 1'65, Wt. 208-8 178 Similar to (17G) ; but (jV*-^ Vj-^ 1 1 f r Pierced. M VI, Wt. 81- 179 3 J *lAJI \J^'-'J »^*.a»-« II 1* r Rev. as (176) ; but oV*-« JK, 11, wt. 79-9 180 II 1* r Similar ; but ^jlyi-o M 105, Wt. 83-5 181 Mazandaran, 1142. Similar to (150) ; but rev. 1 11* r M -95, Wt. 82-9 182 Tabriz, 1143. Similar to (150) ; but obv. within ornamented looped square; no margin ; and rev. M -9, Wt. 26-5 tahmAsp II. 61 183 Tabriz, 1144. Obv. similar to (150) ; rev. similar to (182), i ifF M -8, Wt. 27-5 With name of Imam 'Alee er-Hizd. DISTICH. SILVEK. 184 Mazendaran, 1143. Obv. Area, aJLJI ^j\ aJ\ -n) 3 ^ «iJJl J^wj Margiu, jJj£ ci::'-^* J-***- J^Kf^-^ (^ vJ-i****" o— *■ A^ Jk - w iijk.<)t ^ j,.^ij Ij^i. 4^9^* J Ringed. Vh V. Al 11, Wt. 83-1 G2 SAFAVIS. 185 Similar to (184) ; but obv. area enclosed iu scroll dividing margin. mnged. M 1 1, Wt. 82-1 186 Mesh-hed, 1143. Obv. similar to (184). liev. Area, ch^ — 5_-o V / Margin, in two scrolls enclosing area, Uy i^S-o ^_5'^* Cy.> '^^^ i'->-»l 3 Oj-A-J Fierced. M Vl, Wd. 78-i 187 Similar to (184) ; but rev. Pierced. M 1-15, Wt. 787 188 Obv. c!£_£!lJlLi:!i_^ llcv. similar to (187) ; but enclosed in border of many foils. Vh.\. [I.O.U.] 51 1 -05, Wt. 82-5 T\]nrAsp II. G3 189 Similar to (188) ; inscr. of obv. varied, Tioice litreed. MVl, Wt. 79-0 190 Similar to (188) ; but rev, margin within ordinary border. Ttt-icejnercc,!. JR S, Wt. 19-8 191* Mazendaran, 1144. Similar to (184) ; but rev. Pierced. JR V05, Wt. 75-5 192* Mesh-bed, 114.-r. Obv. similar to (184) ; but no margin. Rev. similar to (187). Pierre,!. Al V, Wt. 7i)'8 * Possibly of 'Abbtis III. Gl afghAns. AFGHANS. I.-MAHMUD. A.n. 1135— 1137=A.D. 1722—1725. DISTICHS. w^L..*— ;! w)^va«^ ^aJL31|^ 3 ^ ^a»..o 6\^ JiaA^JI c ol_^ ^^^a^,« ^». •« aJJI J5 'J I ir lloV. >J dSi^ V / v^^ :: / CJ^ — 1, — S ot j.^ PL. VI. .ai -o, wt. 71- MAIIMTJD. 65 194 Similar to (103), butobv. i iro ; rev. no date; countermark, sun. Pierced. M -95, Wt. 69-5 195 Similar ; rev, same die ; counteranark, sun. M -95, wt. 70- 196 Similar ; rev. same die ; no countermark. Pierced. M 95, Wt. 69- 197 Mint effaced, 1135. Obv. similar. Rev. i_5j 3J.9 V J Pii-rced. Pr,. VI. JR V, Wt. G9-2 GG afoiiAns. I I. -ASH RAF. A.u. 1137— lll2 = A.i). 1725—1720. D 1 S T I C II S. J^ftj wjU-S! j.i 0;.il •'A^wj 0/.W GOLD. 198 Isfahan, 1137. Obv. aJUI ^)t aJI -n) ^ ^' t?s^>*^ 5j jj >:• **^ <-_ ij J II fo I Pl. VI. iV '.)5, Wl. 52-8 206 Similar, but ^t^5-j».l«s I it« ^ -it, \Vl. W-5 70 SAFAVIS. 207 Tabriz, 1146. Similar to (205), but i it'J^ jj^ N -05, VVt. 63'l S I L V E K. 208 Isfahan, 1145. Similar to (205), but rev. ^J^JA^e>\^ Pl. VI. Al 1-1, Wt. 838 209 Resht, 1145. Similar, w«-wj ^ ^ 1-05, Wt. 77-2 210 Kazvin, 1145. Similar, O^^Lj'S] M 75, wt. 19- 211 Isfahan, 1140. Similar to (206), but * for o. Pierced. Bi. VOo, Wt. 77-9 212 Mint obliterated, 1147. Similar, but v Ibr .p. Pierced. M VI, Wt. 78-8 'ABP.AS in. 71 With name of Imam 'AJee cr-Rizd. DISTICH. GOLD. 213 . Mesh-hed, 1148. Obv. 4JL_)t -N)! aJI -n) ^«. _5 ^ "^-^Ji J»>^j \ 1: / V / ^f~J> ft O J. liimicd. Tl. VI. N -y, Wt. -55 S I L V E It. ■2Ua Same mint and date, Ptei-crJ. Ai •:•'), Wt. 81-. EFsnAnis. Obv. EFSHARIS. I -N A D I R . A.H. 1148— 1160=A.D. 1736—1747. D I S T I C H S. Motto. (Chronogram.) GOLD. 214 Shiraz, 1150. X^^ >J- ^ jj >-^ -3 ul i «^ J3 h V^*!J^ i>~ .0.3^; Rev. ^53 U*s j-*a^" i^^JU "uH^^-*^ ? ij^- PL. VII. jf -7, wt. n^"2 nAdie. 73 215 Labor, 1151. Obv. j>lj Rev. a)[t] j^A'i) iUlftJL-Jt jli V / HOI j^ Riyiged. Pl. VII. iV I'l, Wt. 3C6- 216 Isfaban, 1152. Obv. |^jljA*».l*e ;iLi jjUl2» Rev. tjlj^-g tfUlaJuJI jb jV -7, wt. 53-3 217 Isfaban, 1153. Similar, 1 1 or 218 iV -9, Wt. 153-2 SimiUir ; varied in ornaments. Pl. VII. ^ •!>, Wt. JG9-2 L 74 EFSHABIS. 219 Isfahan, 1158. F 1 1 Similar to (21S), 1 1 oa ; but obv., date of accession, "^j.^^^^ Jf -8, "Wt. 170 220 A 2< I \c Similar ; but obv , date of accession, [o]l iV -a, wt. 169-8 Obv. S I L V E 11. 221 Mint obliterated, 1148. ^( ^^^ ^J-^ Jj >- ^ V / I ifA j..,i Rev. jjJ^ l^ j.jaJI ^Jj^> arranged in monogram : . '■! cariying point of «>. ; date off field. Pl. VII. M 75 "Wt. 41-7 222 Isfahan, 1149. Obv. similar to (214) ; but tc (j t Rev. similar to (214) ; but enclosed in border of many foils, and at foot mi*a Pl VII. .SI 05-, wt. 82-5 nAdir. 7, 223 Mesh-hed, 1149. Obv. similar to (214) ; j.^^, no date. Rev. as (221), but points .-. between ^ and ^ of monogram beneath, i ii*? 224 Isfahan, 1150. Obv. ^,l_; o Eev. 1 JL '*-^-" ^ Pierced. M -9, Wt. 80-2 V / I 10 J^ -ai -75, Wt. 1037 225 Similar; but o of ^J\sus\ in form of j M '65, Wt. 79-8 22G Tiflis, 1150. ilar ; but ,_;*>*JLa5 110. M 75, Wt. 105-6 76 efshAris. 227 Shiraz, 1150. Similar to (226) ; j\^^ 228 Kandahar, 1150. Similar ; jUk juJ lie. j^ [I.O.C] M 7. VVt. 106-3 ^1-1, Wt. 350'8 229 Similar ; but 1 1 o (very fine work). Pl. VII. M 9, wt. 104-8 230 Similar to (228) (ordinary work). M -8, Wt. 1057 231 Mesh-hed, 1150. V ^ / Obv. similar to (221) iio. j^^ j^ llev. similar to (223). [I.O.C] M V, Wt. 80-5 232 Obv. as (214), j^>o but no date. llcv. in eightfoil border, as (214), but (J^^JL*. 10 & -'J, Wt. 70-6 233 Similar ; varied in points. ill r, Wt. 70-8 nAdir. 77 234- Similar to (224) ; ji^i^o B. 75, Wt. 104-4 M -8, Wt. 107-3 235 Similar, varied in points. 23J Isfahan, 1151. Similar to (224) ; ^ of ,jlkLJI and ^j\^\ in form of j ; V I M -7, Wt. 106- 237, 238 Similar, both varied in points. [I.O.C] M -7, wt. 106-2 [I.O.C] M -65, Wt. 106-7 239, 240 Similar to (236), but • . ; both varied in points. I I I !•«* [I.O.C] ]R -65, Wt. 107-8 .21 -65, Wt. 107- 241 Tabriz, 1151. Similar to (224) ; but obv. within border of many foils, and rev. SL V / ( J and j in Tabriz in form of >). Al -75, Wt. 107-7 78 efshIbis. V f Similar to (241), but obv. dotted border and ^ ^ -^ ^ ^ M 75, Wt. 106-2 243 Shiraz, 1151. V / Similar, jU*.- ; rev. ends • . M -75, Wt. 106-6 Rev. 244 Ganja, 1151. Obv. similar. V / 245 Mesh-hed, 1151. Obv. I OLOj-*^*-^'^ J>^' C>^^ V Li »-.A I I 1 (sir) IaJm^ Rev. u^^ — ft— « w)> O 246 Same mint and date. Similar to (234) ; 1 1 o i M -75, wt. 70-3 M •9. Wt. 174- M -75, Wt. 105- nAdih. 79 247 Nadirabad, 1151. Similar to (24G) ; il-jlj^l-J Pl. VII. JR 1'05. Wt. 353- 248 Similar ; but obv. varied in points ; rev. same die. M 1-1, Wt. 351-6 249 Tabriz, 1152. Similar to (241); but obv., (J of ^j\JaL^ in form ofj; border plain ; and rev. >o ai -65, Wt. 106-2 250 Tiflis, 1152. Obv. |^!jAj».lo j^\J) jjUli i I M I ■ M I I fl 1 I I fft ller Rev. ,,^*_Ji_a_j M -9, Wt. 178-6 251 Same mint and date. Similar to (241) ; but obv. border plain, and ^_^--JLaJ I I OP M -55, Wt. 18- 80 efshAris. 252 Shahjehanabad (Dehli), 1152. Obv. similar to (250). Ilev. J>L llor Jj-^ 253 Isfahan, 1153. Similar to (217). 254 Tabriz, 1153. Obv. similar. Eev. iU-kJUJI jt3 \^ / 255 Same mint and date. Obv. similar to (250). Eev. similar to (254). PL. VII. M -8, Wt. 175-7 M-\, Wt. 177-0 M -9, Wt. 176-6 m. -9, Wt. 178- nIdir. 81 Kev, 256 Same mint and date. Obv. similar to (255). }i>fi^ aJaUII jt^ 1 1 r [I.O.C] JR 'O, Wt. 175-3 257 Mesh-hed, 1153. iv. similar to (216) ; at base, 1 1 1 or Rev. ^J^—i. — -« V _y M "JS, Wt. )77-8 258 Tabriz, li'4. Similar to (254) ; but rev., date at base, 1 1 j»o I I OF I'hrccJ. M -55, Wt. 17- ir 82 Eev. Eev. efshAeis. 2G1 Mesh-he J, 13 5G. Obv. similar to (254) ; but at base, i i e^ J^^ ^J- M 1-, Wt. 1787 262 Isfahan, 1157. Similar to (253), iicv M -9, Wt. 179-2 263 Sind, 1157. Obv. similar to (217) ; but date at base 1 1 ov k>-.WJ PL. VII. M -8, wt. 177-5 264 Mesh-hed, 1157. Similar to (261), iiov M -95, Wt. 1797 265 Isfahan, 1158. Similar to (262), i i oa M -85, Wt. 1797 266 Tabriz, 1158. Similar to (251), Moa .51 -9, Wt. 178-8 nAdie. 83 2GGa Sind, 1158. V :; »«.* ..OA Rev. ^-X.^ M -9, Wt. l"7-8 M -9, Wt 1/8-5 St 75, ^A't. 175-1 2G7 Isfahan, 1159. Similar to (265), i i ol 268 Tabriz, 1159. Similar to (2GG), mm 2G9 Same mint and date. Similar, varied in ornaments ; obv. countermarkod ^jlew M -1, Wt. 178-5 270 Tabriz, IIGO. Similar to (2GS), ii^ M -9, Wt. 178-3 271 Similar, i i.p. M -55, wt. 17-6 84 efshAeis. 272 Peshawar, elate wanting. Obv. similar to (250). Rev. ^'>' J3 l-l COPPER. 273 Bhukkur, 115G. Obv. ^felw ji'6 Rev. j^ — v-^ 1101 274 Similar. 274« 1158. Similar, i ioa PL. VII. M -9, Wt. 173-5 ^•85 JE '95 M-8 sAm. 85 SAFAVIS. SAM. PEETENDER. A.H. 1160 = A.D. 1747. SILVER. 275 Tabriz, 1160. Obv. A_Jl !l ^\ A II ^) a.«. iaJU ^n (^)j ^u \ J^^^^ Rev. •N)^ o\ w djk_; J Pt. VIII, .ai -Ox -00, Wt. 88-5 276 Same mint and date. I M -dx-e, Wt. 78 J, Similar; but obv. -- ^ jo^^i ^i'j '^^ ^ >el-^j sZ^^^aX.,1 "A-Cw 277 Isfahrm, 11 GO. aXJI -n)! dJI 's) fcX J ^— ' y^^^ ^-Jtj V . .^e ^, ^Uj si^*Ja,l.*j J.J j^ >! >o' as on (277). JR -9, Wt. 69-2 iurAiiim. 89 Obv. Ill.-IBRAHIM. A.H. 11G1-1162 = A.D. 1748-1749. DISTIC H. SILVER. 28G Tiflis, 1162. J I [<*J1] J_-J5_^-^ ij ^_A_*c».Lo A-Cw I ur Rev. ,^_;-.Aj.ftJ ^ 1-05, Wt. 2i:vr) 287 Same mint and datt Obv. t>-.^« liev. as (2SG). Pl. VIII. Singed. M T), Wt. 17-5 288 Kazvii), 1162. Obv. as (286), ditlerently arranged. :ev, within wavy border, a_;_lft-X^)l j\i V J 1 1> O-rJi '^J-lr^^ (i in date lur r) i'l. vrii. .11 iMi -., Wl. 215- J N 90 efsiiAbis. With name of Imam 'Ali-er-Iiizd. DISTICH. [^ ^^•^y/*- 5 ijj^ w>«'* j-*'*^ fc^o-*-* ^ O'S**'*" O-****" <^ Rev. UcJ ^'ij^ ^ tsSj^- '-^j'^^' u^^j l_*i) >ol.«i dCw jj-J l-J "T-'^J [l.O.C] m -9, Wt. 70- 290 Similar, points varied. Pierced. [I.O.C.] M '9, Wt. 68-4 291 Similar ; points ot" obv. varied. Rev. same die. Pl. VIII. [I.O.C] 51 -85, wt. 70-7 Obv. siiAji rukh. 91 EFSH ARIS. IV.-SHAH RUKH. First Reign. A.u. IIGI— 1103=A.D. 174S— 1750. DISTICHS. 'jl5-''>'^/~' J' *^i^^ ul/d' ^^b-> (9 «jW b-^] ~^j CS^-^*^^ w^A-3 «-i_aI GOLD. 292 Mesh-licel, llG.c '[^] Kev. ^J—A — * I'L VIU. ^V -h, Wi. l(iU-o 92 efsuAris. Obv. Rev S I L V E R. 293 Mesh-hed, llGl. t aJU! , (I* I ^ Obv. Rev. ^ (>r ^llaJLJI in form of j PL Vlll. M V, Wt. 350-2 294 Herat, 1161. xC .-5J 1-X. O vff^^ ^j.aLw oV?- i_;- w[i] 1^ a-iM—) ,ii J *-^ Pl. VIII. -11 -9, Wt. 17C- 295 Mesb-hed, 1102. Similar to (293) ) but "ILlI > S. 1-, Wt. 359' snAU iiuKn. 93 296 Similar to (295), varied. Piefced. M \"l, Wt. 3til 297 Tabriz, 11G2. Obv. Area, a-JUI ^)\ aJI ^) 3 J^ aJJI J^^j Margin, ^-]L; ^^-o ^a; ■] J^ [-- ^] [I.O.C] Pierced. Si O. Wt. 697 298 Shiraz, 1162. Obv. Area similar ; no margin. Rev. /^[j] ^^'^ V JL^ V ^ r [I.O.U.] m. -85, Wt. 081 9± EFSilAIlIS. 299 Similar to (298) ; but i i j\j^ ^ 300 Mesh-hed, 1162. Obv. ^ ^i 1^»- a5^ Rev. Piercci. iK, 0, Wt. 70 1 t U w ,^^_a_o j_y_i-« wj.-i> M. -9, wt. 177 ■ 301 Similar ; >rj3 ^j iR -9, Wt. 170- 302 Tabriz, 1103. Similar to (297), but i i^r 303 Ganja, 1103. Similar 3 but mint aud date, \^rxz»^ ]& >;5, Wt. 71- ]& -B, Wt. 72- siiAu RUKir. 95 304 Mesh-hed, 11G3. Similar to (293) ; but '^ 30d Mesh-lied, 116|. L'l.O.C.l M 1-1. Wt. 358- Similar; but v__ 306 Tiflis, UG^. Obv. as (297). M •5, Wt, 18-1 Rev. E'"'^*-] ^o^^Ct* >]j ^^ [O]' [-IT*- ji] 307 Similar ; \j^t^i^ \ obv. varied. M -5, wt. 17-8 Kev. same die. Pierced. M nS, Wt. 15-6 308 Kazvin, date wanting. Obv. similar ; no margin. Rev. similar to (297), but mint \^i$jS Pierced and ringed. M 'S.^, Wt. C3'2 96 efshAris. With name qf Imam ^Ali-er-Rizd. INVOCATION. SILVEK. 309 Resht, 1161. Obv. Area, A-XJI -n)! aJI -s) Margin, ^ c-^3* ^\ J jkc- fcX***"* Rev. M ^i V / V — :: — Jij j^ Pierced. M S, Wt. 72- 310 Kazvin, 1161. Obv. Area similar ; no margin. Rev. similar ; mint and date O-i^jS Pl. VIII. PierceiJ. M "9, AVt. 70-5 311 Similar ; points varied. [I.O.C] Ringed. iB •(), Wt. 76- Rev. shAh rukh. 97 312 Mesh-hed, 1161. Obv. similar to (311). -^ . V I Pl. VIII. M. -9, Wt. 175-5 98 SAFAYIS. Obv. Rev. SAFAVIS (maternally). (XI l.)-SULAIMAN II. A.H. 1163 = A.D. 1749-50. DISTICHS. Jlj^l^S "^AJC-; J*. w,ik) Jl Jij ^_JLj (^l<^Xw A_"«X>S ^J»X.fr A_i dUw Ol^L- o-:* OW^ •^•^ "^^ *^j'3 oU_5 j.^.* ^^Xis O^'^ L.5-*; ^^) L^iJ AJ3>^ J-^ SILVER. 313 Mazendaran, 1163. ail ^)l a)I -n) 5 At '^^l J^-'J ^XJI J ;i^x[i]^ [j] ' Pl. Vni. Pierced. M 9, \Vt. 65-a sulaimAn ri. 99 314 Kazvin ? date obliterated. Obv. Area as (313). Margin, J^^ ^ O^*-*- 0-~*- ^ Eev. S CM [^^3] >rv* ^5^ 0>^ i^^J [l^j] J [i]Ji>[^] >[v] • [*]^ [IJi'-'*! O--^ o'^i'^ "^-^ «a»-4 ^£ _w^.« ^*3i.a. ^«.ab.^ ^£ ^a^». ^^» shAh htjkh. 101 Rev. <; [']>>^ oVq- j[i] ^^»' [■>J] ^ . \ '^J \^ .l\ 115- r Pl. IX. Twice pierced. [I.O.C.) -iE, "o, Wt. 177 isma'j'l (III). 103 C. Under tutelage of Muhammad Hasan Khan. 319 Eesht, 1166. Obv. aJUI ^j\ aJI "N) Rev. "^j dLw W.WJ ^JukX^w I d JUJ V / 320 Mazendaran, 11G6. Obv. similar. llev. ^Ij oLw IjJkijU ^ -OS, Wt. 172-3 I'L. IX. iB -95, Wt. 177'8 104 Rev. SAFAVIS. 321 Mazendaran, 1167. Obv. similar to (320). >- V / I I 1 V J^ 322 Same mint and date. Similar ; but i ov Ai -95, Wt. 172-5 M V, Wt. 170-7 KET?1M KIT AX. 105 ZANDS. l.-KERflVI KHAN. A.ii. 1163 — 1193 = A.T>. 1750—1779. Tf^ith title of Imam, Muhammad el-Mahdi. DKTICHS. ^l^jjl >,p*».l-c c^*^^ >6l.«l *aC«; JI INVOCATIONS. A. Period of divided rule, a.h. 1163— 1172=a.d. 1750—1759. For coins of Muhammad Hasan Khan Kajar see below, p. 127 and Azad Khan Afghan, p. 130. GOLD. 323 Isfahan, 1 167. Ohv. »xilj ^lya. ji ^A.w _5 jj U ^.. Rev., within border of many foils, ft,. IX. A' -9.1, Wt. 16S& 1* 106 ZANDS. 324 IsfalijiTi, 1169. Obv dl_< J I — : 9\ J. — i V / V ..». Rev. similar to (323) ; four fleurons outside border, date i i-^l Pl. IX. iV -95, Wt. 168'i 325 Army {^^) mint, 1172. Obv. ol -0^ l—X si jk w v^ / Rev., within elongated quatrefoil, fleuron above and below, I Ivr Pl. IX. J/ -95, Wt. 1C9-4 SILVER. 326 Kazvii), 11G7. Obv. Area aJJ n)I a)1 ^ t aX3 , . A_JU Margin, ijXc ^--'^ j-***^ »x-^i ^ C>*i' ^ ^^^ Introd. § Inscriptions ; Jt of ^^XaJI in ligature.) 329 Same mint and date. Obv. similar, but no additional word. Rev. within similar border, surrounded by fleurons, N' -0, Wt. 169 7 330 Same mint and date. Obv. similar. Rev., within border of many foils. ^^ »J.p I I V N •[!, Wt. 170-3 (lof jlj-jw united witli e.\tremity of ^ of w'_;..o). KEltfM KHA\. 109 331 Tabriz, 1185. Obv. *UJI -^l aJI ^) 3 ^ ''•^^ J^^J aJDI ^) Kev ^/li V / I I AO i^.j^ Ij in leaf-border, date outside circle). Pierced. N' '9, Wt. iO'i 382 iSame mint and date. Similar, varied in points ; two fieurons outside obv. border, one at each side. Tivice pierced uiid riii(jc!. N -85, Wt. 41*5 33G Khoi, 1189. Obv. similar to (331) ; \ of aJI, J of J^-^j and of ^j all united in one stroke. Rev. v/li ( (^jj,£» L; in leaf-border.) .tV ■■), Wt. a '8 KEiu'jr KnAN, 11 1 337 El-Basreh, 1190. Obv. similar (to 331). Roj]j^ Ij in bonier springing A-om eirclo.) 338 Resht, 1190. Obv. similar to (324). Rev., witliin broad quatrefoil, 1 1 p. (>yj;.^ ^ anil MP. within ornamonted borders springing from pattern.) Pl. IX. J^ 7, Wt. 79-9 339 Obv. similar, varied ; rev. same die. 340 Yazd, 1190. Similar to (334) ; Ijiit rev. enclosed in arabesque joointcd oval, date 11.^ at foot. Il.O.C'.i iV -8. Wt. .|M 112 ZANDS. 811 Xhfii, 1102. ()l)v. similar to (329) ; >6 of ^aw united with J of O^^J^I Rev. ^/Ij I Mr (^j^;£5 Lj in leaf-shaped border.) PL. IX. N 7, Wt. 42-3 342 Yazd, 1192. Similar to (840) ; hnt rev. enclosed in eightfoil, date in lowest leaf, I M r N -9, Wt. 42-5 848 Same mint and date. Similar to (340) ; but rev. varied in border, ^jj£» Ij omitted, Ill- pattern of diUjiJI varied, and date *> 'j^ [I.O.C] aV -9, wt. 41-2 SILVER. .344 Mdzendaran, 1 1 73. Obv. aJLJI -n)! All -N) 3 ^ aAJI J^wj KERIM KHAn. 113 Rev. ji ^o-!j— ' 3 }j 6^— « 3 L-^1 J^ V J If V r * ^^ ^ PL. X. ^ -as, AVt. 175- 345 Same mint and date. Obv. similar. Rev. [j]i ^*--[j] jj eU 3 LX_9t j^..^ V / tl V r y^LopI to j^a»J vftLel aS.^ j\ \^\^ V I M -9, Wt. 17i-4 34G Muzcndaran, no date. Similar; order of words on rev. varied and without date. iB '95, Wt. 17;5-G Q 114 ZANDS. 347 Shiniz, 1174. V / V *». Eev. j\j,—*—it Twice piercetl iind ringed. ^ '85, Wt 70'2 348 Kashaii, 1174. Obv. similar to (324). Rev., within ornamented lozenge, J^^a M -8, Wt. 70-2 349 Mazenduriin, 1175. Obv. similar to (344) ; but date j*-* :*~« ; rev., die of 1173 same as (345). [1,0 C] M 1-1, wt. 177-0 KERfM KHAn. 115 350 Shiraz, 1176. Obv. similar to (^4:7) ; varied in arrangement of words. Kev. jh—i — ^ J^^ Pl. X. M -95, Wl. 71-5 351 Same mint and date. Similar ; varied in ornaments. Pierced. M -9, Wt. 6fl- 352 Same mint and date. Similar ; varied in ornaments. M -85, Wt. 17-6 353 Army-mint (Zarrub-kbana-i-rikab) 1170. Obv. similar to (331). Kev. yoij^ ^i l==>j j\^^ J I lv> Vl.X. ^75, Wt. 701 351. Sbiraz, 1177. Similar to (350) ; varied in ornaments; date i iw [I. o. c] ill 1-, wt. C7-5 116 ZANDS, 354rt Eesht, year 16, 1178 (?). Obv. similar to (331); rev. similar to (338), but in lower border, 1 1 M '9, Wt. 47'2 355 Isfahan, 1179. Obv. similar to (324). Rev., within border of many foils, elongated above and below, 356 Tabriz, 1179. Obv. similar to (329). Rev. ' jij'ii jh v I 1 (j *^^ jij'i^ i'^ form of jj) 357 Teheran, 1179. Obv. as (324). Rev., within pear-shaped border, 1 1 M. 8-. wt. 66-6 M. -85, Wt. 707 -31 75, Wt. 70- 1 KERfM KhAn. 117 358 Yazd, 1179. Obv. similar to (324). Pierced. M '85, Wt. 098 Rev., within foliate pear-shaped border, 359 Tabriz, 1181. Obv. similar to (329). Rev. similar to (331), but^j^^ b illegible ; date in field, i i^-i, Al and border of quatrefoils. M -95, \Vl. 707 3G0 Resht, 1181. I I A Obv. ^^■^ 3 ^-^' J^ 1 )L«jJl l_-£> (^a»-J v6^^-^l Rev. similar to (338); date iiai I'ien-iHl. Al -S, Wt. 70 8 118 ■ ZANDS. 3G1 Shiniz, 1181. Similar to (350) ; but rev. at foot, ii a i and border of quatre- foils, having y,ij^ ^ interlaced within border above. [I.O.C.] B. -95, Wt. 69 3G2 Teheran, 1181. Obv. similar to (324). Kcv., witliin border of many foils, with leaf-border above and below, I I A| (^j^ Ij interlaced, 0\)v^ enclosed in two loops.) Pl. X. M -8. Wt. 70-7 3G3 Yazd, 1181. Obv. similar to (324) ; rev. similar to (334), enclosed in border of many foils, elongated above ; ^jj^\j interlaced ; date 1 1 ai Pl. X. M -85, wt. 70-8 3(54 Tabriz, 1182. Similar to (359) ; but rev. jt,iy=> ^i legible in border above ; I r date, ^-^ ' AT h\ 1-, Wt. 70-4 KERIM KhAK. 11^ 3G5 Tiflis, 1182 ? Obv, _;o^w [3 jlj oU 3 L'Jt jkw [^te>]jjl [Ltf*] j^^^j ^Lsl 4^ jl oV"?" j^ V ; .[c^] Eev. ^-"j-^ ^-^ M Ar(?) (^j^ b interlaced ; unit of date obscure.) M 75, Wt. 70- 3G6 Tiflis, 1182. Obv. aW Jk.o.a-)' V ^ Ilev., within ornamented border, surrounded by dots, [ ^.jf\\ in border above, V / II A r JB. y.^ Wt. .16-4 367 Same mint and date. Obv., within ornamented border, Uev. j_;*^_A_a_j V Ij^ • AP {j9ij^ Ij interbreed.) Picrcod. M -fi, Wt. 22- 1 120 ZA^TDS. 368 Tiflis, 1182. Similar to (3G7) ; but rev. '^—/j-o Pierced. M '6, Wt. 13-4 360 Ganja, 1182. Obv. similar to (329). Rev. Area (^J^^. V / Margin, aJJI ^j ^^ aJJI J^^[j Jl]«.sw-« aJUI n)! ai\ -^ Pierced. 51 'l, Wt. 58'1 370 Same mint and date. Obv. similar, varied in ornaments. Rev., witbin ornamented border, V ^ l {jfij^ Ij interlaced in a border.) M ■!, Wt. 57-5 371 Nakbcliuvan, 1182. Obv. similar, varied in ornaments. Rev., witbiu border of quatrefoils, V I I \j. *3 AT (O of u'^*!-^^ "1 fo''"^ o^'j • Border above obliterated.) M 1 •, wt. 70-5 KEBIM KUAN. 121 372 Tabriz, 1183. Similar to (364) ; but date 1 1 a^^ r Pierced. Al I'OS, Wt. 68" 373 Tiflis, 1183. 1 1 A r Similar to (366), date j^ Pl. X. M -8, wt. 47- 374 Nakhchuvan, 1183. Similar to (371); but date, V / \ ( ^j^ r Pl. X. .SI 105, Wt. 70-7 375 Tabriz, 1 184. Similar to (331), date 1 1 At* Pierced. ^ -9, Wt. 17-7 376 Tiflis, 1184. II A t= Similar to (366), date j^ M -8, Wt. 420 377 Ganja, 1184. Similar to (370), date ( i m* Pierced and broken. M 1"05, Wt 51 'G 378 Tabriz, 1187. Similar to (375), date 1 1 a v M -9, wt. 17-8 R 122 ZANDS, 379 Tabriz, 1188. Similar to (378), date ii aa M 9, Wt. I7--1 380 Kerman, 1188. Obv. similar to (324), i^a^j >oU[l] (Die of previous year.) ( I AV Kev. f^J'^. V , / I I AA v6 of>oU1 , and ^j of ^!.«^£s in form of j , £» in form of J M -9, wt. 142- 381 Tiflis, 1189. Obv. (interlaced), ^i^^i Eev. 1 A ■} 382 Shamakhi, 1189. Obv., , within border of rays. Pl. X. JR -65, Wt.25-2 Rev., within leaf-border, with smaller border beneath, I I A ? M 8\ Wt. 48-3 KEUiM kuAn. 123 383 Kerman, 1189. Similar to ^80) ; obv. same die of 1187, rev. date ii ai Pl. X. M -9, Wt. 141-7 384 Ganja, 1189. Obv. similar to (370). Eev , within ornamented border, r^f ^- V _^ Ringed. M "l, Wt. 502 385 Same mint and date. Similar ; obv. same die, rev. varied in ornaments ; countermark on obverse, *-.jIj M 1-, Wt. 47 1 386 Same mint and date. Obv., within quatrefoil, V .a. Countermark ?-j'j liev., in quatrefoil, within ornamented border, I I Aa^>oUI [aCwJjI oV['^ j^] ^ ^ [-] 51 -8, Wt. 70 7 M -8, Wt. 68-1 J ^ 388 Similar ; varied in ornaments. 389 El-Basreh, 1190? Obv, similar to (337). Rev. (date outside circle), c^/'^- > V ^ I I ' jaij'=^ ^ in leaf-border, date outside circle. J& -9, Wt. 71- 390 Tiflis, 1190. Similar to (3GG) ; but rev. within circle, around which ornamented border ; and at foot i i 1 • &. -85, wt. 71* KEEIM KUAN. ] 25 391 Same mint and date. Similar to (366) ; but date at foot i M • 392 Same mint and date. Similar ; but date ^*9 393 Same mint and date. Similar ; but date ' '^^ 394 Shamakhi, 1190. Ob v., in border of many foils, within wreath, M 75, Wt. 46.1 M 75, Wt. 16-8 M 75, Wt. 47-5 UjJI Lo b llev., within border of many foils ; above, fleuron, around, three pellets, Pierced. M '9, Wt. 46-6 395 Ganja, 1190. Obv. similar to (386). Uev., within quatrelbil, MS. 396 Same mint and date. Similar; date i m + M -95, Wt. 41-1 ill -1, wt. 471 126 ZANDS. 397 Ganja, 1190. Similar to (39G) ; obv. same die, rev. countermark *-jtj M -9, Wt. 4G-6 398 Same mint and date. Similar ; obv. same die, rev. same countermark, date 1 1 s M -9, Wt. 47- 399 Same mint and date. Similar ; date 1 1 • ? Pierced. M 'i, Wt. 477 400 Shamakhi, 1191. Similar to (394-) ; but obv. inner border plain ; rev. no lleuron or pellets, date 1(9 1 v..^ / Pierced. M -9, Wt. 42-7 ■401 Ganja, 1191 ? Similar to (395) ; but date 1^1 1, and countermark '^j\j Pierced. M I'Oo, Wt. 49-6 402 Ganja, 1192. Similar obv. and rev. ; around, four pellets ; obv. same countermark ; rev. date ii 3 r PL. X. iR •], Wt. 46-7 403 Shamakhi, 119it;. Similar to (394) ; but obv. in circle, within wreath. llev., no pellets ; date, 1 1 >-« Pierced. M V, Wt. 447 MUHAMMAD HASAN KHAN. 127 KAJARS. MUHAMMAD HASAN KHAN. A.H. 11G3— 1172=A.D. 1750—1759. IVith name of Imam 'AU-er-Bizd. Kev. DISTICH. GOLD. 404 Isfahan, 1169. Obv. aJJI N)t <=UI *^ 3 ^^ *AH J5 wj aJUI L5^ >J J' J>-:? UjJI L5*^>* On* ^_5^C>oW ^ -/ 1 1 ^t Pt. XI. iiV -Oo, Wt. 170-1 405 Same mint and date. Similar ; o])v. varied in points ; rev., same die. A^ -9, Wt, 1G8-6 128 kAjAes. 40G Tabriz, 1170. Similar to (4'04) ; butobv., fleuron on either side, rev. ends "'>iK-5 j^ Pl. XI, Pierced. N 75, Wt. 42*6 407 Yazd, 1170. Similar to (404) ; but rev. ends V / PL. XI. N -95, Wt. 169-7 408 Isfahan, 1171. Similar to (404) ; but obv., fleurou above, rev. ends I I v| I SILVEli. 409 Tabriz, 1170. Similar to 404 ; but rev. ends V, I 410 liesht, 1170. Similar ; but rev. ends llv l-*=' forms one line. PL. XI. M Vlo, Wt. 179-8 412 Same mint and date. Similar, varied. M -9, Wt. 17G-2 413 Mazendaran, 1171. Similar; but rev. date H-^^pi ,c**'3-« O-^ ^JU >ol.o Al 1-05, Wt. 17o-2 414 Similar, varied. [I.O.C.] M 0, Wt. 177 415 Asterabad, date wanting.* Obv. similar to rev. of (404), without mint. Rev., within ornamented lozenge, I ,9 Pierced and finged. SX 'B, Wt. G8*4 * This coin may be of Aka Mu^iammad Khan during his period of divided rule ; sec p. 144. 130 ATC.nAK. AFGHAN. AZAD KHAN. A.n. 1166— 1169=A.D. 1753—1756. Wtth naine of Azdd Khcin and title of Imam Muhammad el-MaJidi. DISTICH. J^,wLj ^^l.«jJI «.^^l,0 *AJL.w SILVER. 416 Tabriz, 1168. Obv., within border of many foils, pointed above and below, Rev. jc:,L. oW ji i!j' -^^ [^] J^ Pi.. XI. m -9.5, Wt. 68-2 KUAN OF GANJA. 131 KHAN OF GANJA. With name of Nadir Shah. SILVER. 417 Ganja, 1176. Obv., within border of many foils, o llcv., as obv., „•*" II 418 Ganja, 1177. Similar: but rev., iivv V / PL. XI. M -85, Wt. 70-2 Pierced. M •(io, VVt. 17-2 J& -75, Wt. 71-5 419 Ganja, 1178. Similar ; date t i va 420 Ganja, 1187. Similar, ii a v Twice pierced. Al 75, Wt. G9'9 421 Ganja, 1188. Similar, ii aa Pi.. XI. JR S, Wt. 67-7 132 ZANDS. Z A N D S. II.-ABU-L-FAT-H KHAN. A.ii. lin3=A.D. 1779. With title of Imdm Muhammad el-Mahdi. DISTICH. ^l.«jJI s_-^».l(0 j^a».J >6l-«l ^j i J^> I ' - r (d^Ua)! i'orms pattern enclosing jt^ and iji) I'L. XII. A' bo, wt. la-i sAdik kiiAn. 133 lll.-SADIK KHAN. A.ii. 1193— 1196=A.D. 1779—1782. With title of Imam Muhammad el-BIaML DISTICH. INVOCATION, GOLD. 423 Yazd, 1194. Obv, o\—^ 3 l_:_9l J. i V ..ft. Kev., witliiii border of many foils, pointed above and below, (d^LxJt forms pattern enclosing jb and ^jj) ^ •», wt. 41-6 134 ZANDS. Obv. 424 Shiraz, 1195. o\ < ^ L 1 $\ jk ti V ^ C?-B Eev. Obv. Eev. f,!.j^ k y>- (^^ijSs b in leaf-border.) Pl. XII. N -85, Wt. 1611 SILVER. 425 Tcabriz, 1194. \ _-/ (^*^ b in leaf-bordt-r ; date outside circle.) M 1-05, wt. 18-3 Eev. SADIK KHAiJ'. 135 426 Shiraz, 1194. Similar to (424) ; obv. same die ; rev. date 1 1 ■) F Pt. XII. M -85, Wt. 174-5 427 Tabriz, 1195. Similar to (425) ; but rev. date i M o Pt. XII. M -95, Wt. 18- 428 Khoi, 1195. Obv. similar to (424). I I 'Jo 429 Sblraz, 1195. Obv. similar. Rev. similar to (424) ; M -95, Wt. 169-4 I I ?0 M -86, Wt. 178-6 136 ZA.NDS. IV.-'ALf MURAD KHAN. A.n. 1193— 1199 = A.D. 1779—1785. With title of Imam Muhammad el-Mahdi. DISTICH. ^l.«jJl >.,rfs».loLol '■cS.>^ jl INVOCATION. ^J^ b GOLD. 430 Shiraz, 1197. Obv. aJJ kX— u^- aJJ ^J I 3 ^Xt aAJI J^j Kev. > li (jJLc Ij in leat'-border.) PL. XII. N -86, Wt. 167-1 Obv. 'ali murAd khAn. 431 Yazd, 1197. 137 6\ C^ \ Rev., within border of many foils, pointed above and below, o^UaJI forms pattern enclosing jb and 3j,j Pl. XII. ^-85, Wt. 42-1 432 Shiraz, 1198. Obv. aJ.) ail 3 Rev. similar to (430) ; but date i il a in border at foot ; fleurou on each side. ^ -85, Wt. 170-2 138 ZANDS. 433 Ki'ishan, 1198. Obv. o\ -0 3 I ^ si «x ii V ^ V A— ew Eev. ^ ^j ^lOli {^ ^J jb f^ .(T V / IMA Margin enclosed in four arches. Pl. XII. ^ -95, wt. 42-i 434 Kashiin, date obliterated. Obv. similar to (431). Rev., within border of many foils, (^Jlc \j in leaf-border.) Pirrced. iV -8, Wt. 41 -.3 Eev. '\Li MUllAD kuAn. 139 S I L V E K . 435 Isfahan, 1198. Obv. similar to (433) ; but I ibr jJ 0^—\i — * — '^ I I 1A ( -Jlc \j ill border ; date in fluid below.) PL. xn. M -05, Wt. 178-4 436 Shiraz, 1198. Obv. similar to (433). Rev. similar to (430); but date below, in border, i Ma j on either side, tleuron. M -9, wt. 177-1 437 Same ; same die. [I.O.U.] JR-y, Wt. 17Go 140 ZANDS. V.-JAA'FAR KHAN. A.u. 1199— 1203 = A.D. 1785—1789. INVOCATION. obv. GOLD. 138 JShiraz, 1201. \ o ) ^-A X a> Rev. in cii'cle, avounel which four tleurons, I r .1 439 Shiraz, 1202. Siinikr: rev. date • " ' I r SILVER. 440 Isfahan, 1199. Obv. ^}iL^J Pl. XII. A^ 1-. Wt. 170- Af -1, Wt. 166-8 JAATAR KUAN. 141 Eov. yjV 1, 8 O M -8, Wt. 177- Eev. in') 441 Same; mint and date. Obv. similar ; varied. t t I 1 1 PL. XII. [I.O.C.] ^ -85, Wt. 174-9 442 Shiniz, 1199. Obv. similar to (440). Rev. similar to (43S) ; date v /^<3 ; fleurons above and below. I m M -9, Wt. 179-7 443 Same mint and date. Similar; but date ou obv. at base iMij none on rev.; above, fleuron. [I.O.C.] M -85, Wt. 178-7 444 Slu'raz, 1202. Similar to (438) ; but rev. v ^j^ ; below, in inaryin, ^^ -. I r r . around, lour pelk-ts. M 1-, Wt. 172-4 142 ZA-NBS. VI-LUTF-'ALf KHAN A.U. 1203— 1209=A.D. 1789—1794 Rev. DISTICH. GOLD. 445 Kermaii, 1208. Obv. ^-X&fiJk.) J I rA. JJ ^-^ J»_J ^u»^:» O^ I rA (^JlsiJaJ in leaf-border.) Pl. XII. iV -85, Wt. 30-6 AKA MUHAMMAD KTIAn. 143 KA JARS. II-AKA MUHAMMAD KHAN A.n. 1193— 1211 = A.D. 1779—1797. DISTICHS. With name of Imam ^Ali-er-Rizd. Lsji\ (<-'5'0 O-:*' 1^^^ -^^ With title of Imam Muhammad-el- 3IaMi. jJ:b ,jl.-i.j i;^*~» 3 jj ^ INVOCATION. 144 kAjArs, A. Period of tlivided rule, a.h. 1103— 1209 = a. d, 1779—1791'. For coins of the contemporary Zand Khans see above, p. 132 seqq. SILVEll. 446 Isfahan, 1199. Obv. LJx-9 ij j\ Ai:_w jj^f ^ '"'"0 ^ ^ \^ji\ i5-'>« O^' j^'^ J^^i Eev. (JV**^ r m V — '^ Pl. XIII. M -95, Wt. 176-5 B. Period of sole rule, a.h. 1209— 1211 = a.d. 1794—1797. GOLD. 447 Kashan, 2 Eejeb, 1209. Obv. Ij O^ hyot^ 3 ij ^ J. w V Rev., within octagon, having four arched compartments springing from it, containing invocation and date, I r. 1 Vl. xni. M -cr., wt. 62-3 AKA MUHAMMAD KHAN". 145 SILVER. 448 Shiraz, 1209. Rev. within border of many foils, having four leaf-borders springing from it, containing invocation and dates, Pr,. XTII. M -95, Wt. 177-8 449, 450 Same mint and date. Obverses same die, reverses varied in ornaments. M -95, wt. 171-5 M -95, Wt. 177-6 U 146 kAjArs. 451 Khoi, 1210. Obv. aJU ^ ^)l d II N) cOJ ^1 J^j aJUI 3 Rev., within ornamented lozenge, C I r I V Pi. XIII. M -95, Wt. 193'9 452 Resht, 1211. Obv. [el 03] I :: s[l] J.. as:]^ ji uV^ j^ ^i'^ 3 — > ^ .»> Rev., within border of dots surrounded by cusps, in the upper and lower of which, invocation and date, , J ■■ .-. V / I r I I (>> of ^*w united with ^J of O^j^0 Vh. XIII. JR -85, wt. 190-5 AKA. MUHAMMAD KhAn. 147 453 Same mint and date. Obv. varied in ornaments ; rev. same die. S. -So, Wt. 182-8 454 Isfahan, date wanting. Obv. Lij Ij^c^^ 3 jj ti ^ Ml Jkii ^to [Li] Eev., within border of foils, jjLj — a — o (I serves for jl> and )l) Pl. XIII. B. (base) 75, Wt. 182'4 455 Same : same die. M. (base) 75, Wt. 165-6 148 kAjAbs. lll.-FET-H-'ALt (BABA KHAN), A.n. 1211— 1250=A.D. 1797—1831. MOTTOES. A. Period before Proclamation, a.h. 1211— 1212=a.b. 1797- 1798, as Sultan. BABA KHAN. SILVER. 456 Shiraz, 1212. Obv. aJJ «iUl^ U. t o WW o Kev., within double border, around which, four lleurons alter- nating with pyramids of dots. (Date outside borders.) I'L. Xlll. J& 105, Wt. 1707 bIbA KHijf. 149 457 Teheran, [1212.*] Obv. aJU Kev., within double border, around which, four pyramids of dots alternating with fleurons, o o o V / PL. XIU. JR 1-1, Wt. 171-7 * See Introduction, § Chronology. 150 kAjAes. FET-H-'ALI SHAH. B. Period after Proclamation, a.h. 1212— 1250= a.d. 1797-^ 1834. GOLD. 458 Isfahan, 1213. Obv. J^-^ I r ir He v., within ornamented octagonal border, (One I superfluous, 1. 4.) PL. XIII. iV -85, Wt. 05-1 459 Lahijan, 1213. Obv. as (458). liuv., within circle, arched above, K / N -8, Wt. 91- fet-ii-'ali. 151 460 Yazd, 1214. Obv. similar to (458), with same date, rir, 1213 (die of previous year). Rev., within ornamented octagonal border, did I r II* (i.e. JJ.J diUaJI jti •^y'^) 461 Isfahan, date obliterated. Obv. similar to (458). Rev. inscription similar to (458) without superfluous I : plain border, upper part of circle arched. N -8, Wt. !)l-l 462 Teheran, date obliterated. Obv. similar to (458), but date not legible. Rev. aU N -9, wt. 91'J (aX) Sj,xll in leaf -border.) N -85, Wt. 95-4 1^2 kAjArs. 463 Tabriz, 1220. Kev. UaJL.JI IJaJUl I ^o 4^. I rr 464 Isfahan, 1222. Obv. jVLI dl UaJU UaJUl t t (On either side, scroll.) Rev. 0^v~-«-^ < f I rr r (Around, four scrolls.) ^ 7, Wt. 36-9 A^ 1-, Wt. 70-2 FET-H-'ALf. 15y 465 Tabriz, 1224. Obv. similar to (464) ; no scrolls. Kev. as (463) ; date a- w 466 Tabriz, 1225. I rr Similar ; date a;, ^ N -75, Wt. 31-9 N -7, Wt. 42-1 N -S, Wt. 54-8 467 Kashan, 1227. Obv. similar to (464). Rev. ^l-iL^ I r r V 468 Isfaban, 1228. Similar to (461), but obv. I Rev., Scroll above only ; date ipta (7L ?trll iV95, Wt. 7-1-2 X 154 ^AjIks. 469 Tabriz, 1228. ir TA Similar to (463), but rev. _i-i N' •!, Wt. 37-3 Above, scroll. 471 Khoi, 1232. Obv. similar to (467). Eev., within border, surrounded by eight fleurons, V I irrr JT -9, Wt. 73-5 W -85, Wt. 70-4 472 Khoi, 1234. Similar, date i rr)' iV -95, Wt. 70-5 Rev. Rev. fet-h-'ali. 155 473 Kermanshahan, 1234. Obv. similar. *. / A* III j.^ 474 Yazd, 1234. Obv . similar. !>ji l_ . f It h jl3>-i v_ J 1 r . r[«= Around, four scrolls. 475 Tabriz, 1236. Similar to (4G5), but ^' iV -95, Wt. 71-5 iV' r05, wt. 70-8 iV -9, wt. 70-9 156 kajAes. 1.7G Zenjdn, 1236. Obv. The Shah crowned and armed with lance and sabre, on horse at full gallop 1. ; behind, in arabesque border, beneath, laurel-branches. Rev. (jl — Si — ')j '/-^ Ph. XIII. Jf -Q, Wt. 707 177 Zenjan, 1239. Obv. Similar type r.. Shah armed with lance ; behind, in arabesque border, O liev. similar; date irrp Pl. XIV. iV 1-2, wt. 211-8 Obv. FET-H- AH. 478 Teheran, 1242. Rev. Ol/ir'* 157 I ri«r ^ -85, Wt. 70-6 479 Tabriz, 1244. Obv. similar ; arrangement of words varied. ir F 1* Rev. similar to (463), but aj, w Pl. XIV. ^-8, Wt. 70-9 480 Same mint and date. Similar, but rev. a; 481 Kazvin, 1246. Obv. Ai i*jV.«_W J A M l SP iV -85, Wt. 71-5 158 kAjaes Rev. » Jb 482 Hamadan, 1246. Obv. similar. Rev., within circle, surrounded by scrolls, xr^f- ^ -75, Wt. 53-5 N -8, Wt. 52-9 483 Kerman, 1248. Obv. similar ; arrangement of words varied. Rev., within double border, around which four pyramids of dots, V I (Legend reads t^\-o^ (JU'n)! jI^ «--'>-<=') i\^ -7, Wt. 52-9 FET-IJ-'ALf. 159 484 Isfahan, 1249. Obv. The Shah crowned and armed with sabre, seated on throne, facing, towards 1. ; to 1., in arabesque border, iri«A (Die of year preceding.) Eev., within ornamented label, above and below which, arabesque scrolls, Rev. '/-« PL. XTV. ^ -85, Wt. 63-2 485 Teheran, 1249. Obv. similar to (481). Rev. OImt^ ir i* P V ; 486 Resht, 1250. Obv. similar. J PL. XIV. ^r 75, wt. 53-1 W jb r^ N -7, Wt. 53-1 160 kAjAes. 487 Hamadan, 1250. Obv. similar to (481). Eev. similar to (482) ; date i r o N' 75, Wt. 53- SILVER. 488 Isfahan, 1213. Obv. similar to (458), date inr Rev. similar to (461), upper part of circle arched. PL. XIV. M -9, Wt. 160- 489 Teheran, 1213. Obv. similar. Rev. aW Singed. M 75, Wt. 26" 490 Shiraz, 1214. Obv. similar to (458) ; date i r 1 1* Rev., within octagonal border, PL. XIV. M -85, Wt. 158-6 ^)t ^J Asf^xJ »^ J FET-n-'ALl. 101 491 Ganja, 1214. Obv., within double border, surrounded by pyramids of dots, 3 ^ «iJJI J»»>ij Rev. Pl. XIV. M 106, Wt. 234-4 492 Yazd, 1214. Obv. similar to (490), date i r 1 1^ Rev., within dotted border of many foils, arched above, >J i j'^ I - « n 6^ j.^ M 11, Wt. l(i0-3 Y 162 kAjArs. 493 Same mint and date. Same as (460) ; same dies. Pt. XIV. M -95, Wt. 1590 494 Shiraz, 1215. Obv. similar to (458) ; date i r i o Rev., within border arched above, -iRl-05, Wt. 159-1 495 Teherdn, 1215. Obv. similar ; date i r ( o Rev., within border arched above, similar to (489). M -95, Wt. 161-5 fet-ii-'ali. 1C3 496 Erivdn, 1216. Obv. similar to (458) ; no date legible. Rev., within square, ^J\^ Margin in segments ; above, sjJl ; beneath, i r i ^ ; on sides, scrolls. M -95, Wt. 168-9 497 Yazd, 1210. Obv. similar ; no date legible. Rev., within square, >}i J < J 0> J—- 3 L -»') b Margin similar ; date i r i p 498 Tabriz, 1217. Obv. similar ; no date legible. M -1, wt. 15V3 liev., within square, j j-ij^ h J — -o I Around in four arched boi'ders, above, JC SjJl, and .iriv. thrice. ill ".»6, Wt. l.^StH 1 64 kAjArs. 499 Tabriz, 1221. Similar to (465) ; but obv., scroll on either side ; rev. ends ir ri Ai. ml Pt. XIV. M V, Wt. 159- 500 Resht, 1222. Obv. similar to (458), with date i rr i of year preceding. Kev. ^ • -'•• I r r r j_-i M -75, Wt. 78- 501 Mesh-hed, 1222. Obv. [j]V^ oLS, 11- rr [IJJaJLJI UaJL-[Jt] Rev. ^^>_A_4 irrr M -9, wt. 158-9 FET-H-'ALf. 105 502 Isfahan, 1223. Obv. j*^^ 0^-^ I t Kev. i^ I rrr I jl^ 503 Kermanshahan, 1223. Obv. similar to (4G4). Rev. O I rrr 504 Kerman, 1224. Obv. similar to (408). Kev. rri'^^D U (j-i and U in ligature.) M -8, wt. 20 2 M V, wt. 1607 Al -US, Wt. 37-3 166 kAjAes. M -7, Wt. 19-9 ai -7, Wt. 19-8 505 Isfahan, 1225. Similar to (502) ; date I r r o 506 Same mint and date. Obv. similar to (464). Rev. jjL^-iwio I r ro jli 507 Tabriz, 1225. Same as (466) ; obv. copied ; rev. same die. M -7, wt. 38-7 508 Erivan, 1226. Obv. as (463), but perhaps ^j.j for ^jI as (513). Kev. jjIj^—jI V ; I rr Outside border, ornaments. 31 -7, Wt. 28-6 FET-n-'ALf. 167 509 Isfahan, 122G. Obv. as (463), but UaX-J UaJLJ Rev. jjly_A_*3 ^ /^ 510 Same mint and date. Obv. similar to (502). Rev. similar to last. Rev. 512 Same mint and date. Similar ; rev. same die. M-7, wt. 20- M 75, Wt. 19-9 511 Same mint and date. Obv. same die. ^ly-ft_0 d-JaJlLlt 'rr^ jlj V /j-O (1 superfluous). M -7, wt. 19-8 [I.O.C.] .51 -75, Wt. 10-8 l^S kAjAes. Eev. Rev. Rev. 513 Khoi, 1226. Obv. similar to (463), but UxUl IJxUl 514 Kazvin, 1226. Obv. similar to (463), but t I rr> 515 Shiraz, 1227. Obv. similar to (463), but UaX^JI Ua.JUl I O i>^ (J I r r V ^ 75, Wt. 18-4 ■5i 75, Wt. 187 -ai -9, Wt. 19-5 fet-h-'alL 169 516 Mesh-hed, 1230 ? Obv. similar to (-±63), but [Ua]JL^ IJftJL^ t I on either side, scroll. Rev., within ornamented border, as (501) ; but >->^ I r r I&. -8, wt. 160-i 516« Kermanshahan, 1231. Obv. similar to (403), but t I Rev. jj I ZtJ I rri (Formerly plated ?) 517 Asterabad, 1232. Obv. similar to (164), ROV. i'.vl^iwl I rrr iE 7, Wt. 59-7 iR 105, Wt. IWu Z 170 kAjIes. 518 Kermanshahan, 1232. Obv. similar to (517). Rev. Ia. U U (J I i m 1-, Wt. 111-7 M 1-, Wt. 141-2 V / I r r r 519 Yazd, 1232. Similar to (474) ; date irrr 520 Same mint and date. Similar to (474) ; outside rev. border, dots ; date i r • rr Pierced. M '6, Wt. 29" 521 Kazvin, 1233. Obv. similar to (464). Eev. similar to (514) : outside border, scrolls ; date i rrr M -9, wt. 140-4 522 Mesh-hed, 1234. Obv. similar to (516). Rev. cH> 5' M 1-, Wt. 138-3 Rev. Obv. fet-h-'ali. 171 523 Teheran, 1235. Obv. similar to (1G4). V / I rro ^•9, wt. 141-2 524 Tabriz, 1238. Similar to (405); date i rr a M 1; Wt. Ul'9 525 Hamadan, 1240 ? ~X-St^L-: i dSi—^ Rev. ^!Ji__«, ft 52G Isfahan, 1241. Obv. similar. Rev. a_;JftX^ Pl. XIV. M -85, Wt. 106-2 ill -H.-., -VVt. 105- 172 kAjAus. 527 Zenjan, 1241. Obv. similar to (525). Rev. similar to (476) ; date i ri«i Rev. M -9, Wt. 105 528 Kashan, 1241. Obv. similar. o^-t^^^ i>-s-*-« 5-<>JI jb 1 rt*i M -85, Wt. 105-6 529 Kermanshahan, 1241. Obv. similar to (525). 530 Kermaushahan, 1242. Similar, but dato i rfr Si -8, Wt. 104--1 M -85, Wt. 1011 fet-ii-'ali'. 173 531 Hamadan, 1244. Obv. similar to (525). Rev., within ornamented border, similar to (482) ; date i n*i* M -85, Wt. 106'5 532 Yazd, 1244. Obv. similar to (525). Rev. 3>- » M •&, Wt. 103-5 533 Tabriz, 1245. Obv. similar to (525). Rev. similar to (465) ; date aj> w m 76, Wt. 106-4 534 Hamadan, 1245. Similar to (531) ; date i rf«o M ■«, Wt. lOl-O 174 kAjAes. 535 Yazd, 1245. Similar to (532) ; date i r Fo. 536 Shiraz, 1246. Obv. similar to (525). Eev. j^j-i-^ 537 Yazd, 1247. Obv. similar to (525). Eev. 3J-! V / M -8, Wt. 109-2 M -85, Wt. 104-9 M -8, Wt. 106-7 538 Yazd, 1248. Similar ; pyramid of dots in rev. border above ; date I r . J^A M 75, Wt. 102-2 fet-ii-'ali. 175 539 Same mint and date. Similar j but rev. within ornamented border. M -75, Wt. 104-6 540 Kerman, 1249 ? Obv. similar to (481). Rev. ^J\^JSs j,^ V / irVl (?) (unit of date doubtful, possibly o) M -75, Wt. 39-3 541 Yazd, date off field (early in reign). Obv. similar to (492). Rev., within wreath of single leaves, ill [5] ;n!l I— *_JI > J-^ (>ji o^I-jUI jb) [I.O.C] JR -85, Wt. 158*8 176 kAjaes. 542—544. Pattern ; no mint or date. Obv. jl-o-^ »^ c t t Kev. Shield, arms of Persia ; lion couchant gardant ; behind him, sun, rayed ; supporters, lion rampant and wyvern, collared ; crest, plumed crown ; on riband beneath, motto wJlsJI ji^wl aJLII beneath, b (Bain, die-engraver). PL. XIV. Milled. Bil. -85, Wt. 797 Milled. Bil. -85, Wt. 70-2 Milled. Bil. -85, Wt. 74-2 MUHAMMAD SIIAK. 17.7 MU H AMM AD SHAH. A.n. 1250— 1264 = A.D. 1835-1848. MOTTO. GOLD. 545 Reslit, 1255. Obv., within border, surrounded b}- arches, I .i Rev. as obv., [T.O.C.] ^ 7, Wt. 531 546 Eesht, 12G2. Obv., within border, surrounded by wreath ; simiLir. Rev. similar ; but within archt.«!, above, below, and on each side, dlw, date jb >•<« ir ^ -75, Wt. 53- A A 178 kAjAus. 547 Teheran, 1262. Obv. Lion 1., sabre in r. fore-paw; behind, sun; above, plumed crown ; all within laurel- wreath. Rev., within square, around which, scrolls, I I r^r (between lines of inscription, ornament.) Vh. XV. A^ -8, Wt. 62-9 SILVER. 548 Teheran, 1250. Obv. similar to (545) ; broad plain border. Rev. ul/-v- ■Nl 6^ ir Pt. XV. M -55, Wt. 223 549 £Z-Mesh-hed, 1251. Obv. similar ; around, scrolls. Rev. ; around, scrolls, V / -at -85, W^t. 105-8 Obv. MUHAMMAD SUAU. 179 550 Same mint and date. Obv. similar ; above border, quatrefoil only. Rev. similar ; around, stars. 551 Yazd, 1251. \ J 552 Tabriz, 1252. Obv. as (515) ; around, wreath. Rev [—«=> I rol M 75, Wt. ea- ses Mesh-hed, 1260. Similar to (563); but both obv. and rev. border surrounded by arches ; date wJ>^ I p > M 75, Wt. 83-5 566 Teherun, 1261. Similar to (547) ; date \rf\ 567 Teheran, 126a:. Similar; varied; date ir^ M -8, Wt. 83 1 M 76 Wt. 8 184i kAjArs. 568 Teheran, 1262. Similar to (507) ; varied, v>--o M 75, Wt. 83' 569 Tabriz, 1263. Obv. similar to (552) ; border surrounded b}' arches. Rev. as obv., AoJ^ m 1 1 jb ^ J i^>< J j,Aa 1 r s- r M 9-, Wt. 1651 M -75, Wt. 82- 570 Teheran, 1263. Similar to (566) ; date i r ^r 571 Similar obv. ; star, in field r. ; ornament dividing rev. varied. M 75, Wt. 83-2 572 Mesh-hed, 1263. Similar to (565); date \rp r M -8, Wt. 82-6 AiuijAMMAD enln. 185 573 Isfahan, date obliterated. Obv. similar ; border plain. j'3 M -45, Wt. 10-6 574 Shiraz, date obliterated. Similar to (553) ; wreath-borders. M -55, Wt. 101 575 Kermanshahan, 12x07. Obv. similar to (561). Rev. similar to (554), ^j-^ no square. I r M 7, Wt. 82-9 COPPER. 576 Iran, 126j^. Obv. : Lion recumbent 1., bead facing ; behind, sun ; above, star ; Rev. beneath, irvr; around, wreath. 4« .»> ^—i 'j ^5— *.— s ^ c u - Obv. rcstruck b)-- Nasir-od-dfn, 1272. Pl. XV. Serrated edge. ^. -95 U B 186 jcAjAus. REBELLION OF HASAN KHAN SALAR. A.H. 1264— 12G0=A.D. 1848—1850. GOLD. 577 Mesh-hed, 12G5. Obv., within border surrounded by arches, U .J Rev., as obv., j^j-a-o Pl. XV. iV 7, Wt. 52-8 »A§rB-ED-DfN. 187 NASIR-ED-DIN. Obv. GOLD. 578 Resht, 12G5. \Ja^ ) Uft_JUJ t I t Uev. J around, fleurons, J j^o^^ j'i 579 Resht, 12G6. Obv. similar. Rev., within ornamented eightfoil, (sic) J jj.<^ N '76, Wt. 533 ( r > ?• iV -8, Wt. 51- 188 kAjArs. 580 Teheran, 1268. Obv. jU.15 UaJLJ UaJL.-J I I I Eev. u!>v^ 581 Mesh-hed, 1268. t t Rev., within square border, around which, scrolls, Pi-. XV. iV 7, Wt. 26 6 I r>.A Pl. XV. ^ '8, Wt. 52-1 wAsiK-ED-DfN. lyO 582 Isfahan, 1273. Uft-A —J th A ... 1 I Rev. A-JaJL-J I. 6 « ■' £ ' I ^ 0, Wt. 26-7 583 Tabaristan, 1273. Obv. similar to (578), but wreath-border. Rev., within pattern of eight points, ir vr Pt. XV. iV -8, wt, 630 584 Tabriz, 1275. Obv. similar to (582) ; but ^j for ^j,j Rev. AJ^-L^J V / j.^ iV'B, AVt. 27 -t 190 kAjAbs. 585 Sarakhs, 1276. Obv. similar to (578). lltiv,, within pattern of eight points, r v^ (I superfluous.) 586 Teheran, 1277. Obv. similar to (578). Rev. OW* JJw-XT . iV 7, Wt. 27-3 ^ 75, Wt. 53-1 587 Mesh-hed, 1279. Obv., within square, around which, scrolls ; similar to (578). Kev., within pattern of eight points, in circle surrounded by laurel-wreath ; similar to (581), date v ij^ I r v9 N 7, Wt. 26-1 nAsir-ed-dik. 191 688 Mesh-hed, 1281. OLv., within laurel- wreath, Tughrji of above, star ; to r. spray. Rev., within laurel-wreath, ^ A-JLc Above, star, Pl. XV. iV -05, Wt. 107- 589 Tabaristan, 1282. Obv., within square ; similar to (578). Rev., within square, around which, scrolls ; similar to (583), I r N -55. wt. 26- 590 Resht, 1283. Obv. similar to (•'"'7S), Rev., with scrolls around border, V I r *. I aT Clippcil. A'' '0, A\'t. 10-1 192 -KijiES. 591 Teheran, 1294. Obv. as (578). Rev. as (586) ; but v 1^ in f Pierced. N 7, Wt. lO" 592 Teheran, \2xx. Obv. Bust of Shdh 1., wearing cap with aigrette ; in field r. and 1., within ornamented borders, I r^f beneath, two laurel-branches. Rev., within laurel-wreath, above which lion recumbent 1., and sun ; similar to (586), but <—^ I r (1264, julus-year.) ^ 75, wt. 52- -N'eto Coinage. 593, 594 Teheran, 1295. Obv., within wreath of laurel and oak, lion 1. holding sabre in r. fore-paw ; behind, sun ; above, plumed crown ; below all, irio Rev., within wreath, as obv., Ol-Jft-J 'I beneath all, o!/v^ iV •46, wt. !)• Same die. iV 1.5, Wt. 9' Ni.SIB-ED-DiN. 193 595 Teheran, 1296. Obv. similar ; beneath lion, jlj-ysk.-.^, : beneath all, irS^ Rev. similar. Pi.. XV. ^ -65, Wt. 22-2 596 Teheran, 1297. Ten-Tumdn-Piece. Obv. Bust of Shah, three-quarter face 1., wearing cap with aigrette. Rev. J[j^ around, border of flowers and pellets, within which, mint. Pl. XVI. .A^r4, wt. 443- 597 Teheran, 1297. Obv. similar ; but inscriptions around, I r SI* I r Iv Rev. similar to (593) {Julus-year should be ir.pi«) Milled. N -75, Wt. 44-2 C C 194 KAJi.ES. 598 Same mint and date. Similar to (597) ; but obv. inscr. i r '5 v only. Milled. iV -65, Wt. 22-2 599 Teheran, no date. Similar ; but obv. no inscr. Pt. XVI. Milled. iV^ -75, Wt. 49-6 600 One-sided Nanroz piece. t I I jr -7, wt. 9- SILVER. 601 Tabriz, 1265. Obv. j^o.15 o-:!**-" J-*^ /^^ -" ir ^ Rev. similar to (584) ; but date I* 1,^ Tl. XVI. .ai -05, Wt.21-1 nAsie-ed-din. 195 602 Tabaristan, 1265. Obv. jla.15 IkJL-J IkJL^J t I llev., within border of branches and flowers, ir CO around, ornaments. 603 Teheran, 1265. Obv. similar ; but IJaJUJ UaJLJ t t t O O-:* (J Kev. Obv^ ^L-9^)L-a>.JI 604 Same mint and date. Obv. similar. I -Rev. Oj-v^ .ai -8, Wt. 84-4 PL. XVI. M -75, Wt. 79-2 M 75, Wt. 82-1 196 kAjAes. 605 Khoi, 12G6. 0-5^0 Eev., within wreath -border, c lA_v^ M -es, wt. 20-3 M -6, Wt. 38-8 M -55, Wt. 39- G14 Kazvin, 1274. Obv. similar to (608). Kev., within laurel-wreath, similar to (610) ; date i r vp M -6, wt. 38- Ni.SIS-ED-DiN. 199 615 Kashan, 1274. Obv. similar to (578). Kev. ,jlil£a 616 Teheran, 1275. Similar to (586) ; date ir vo 617 Similar ; varied. 618 Kermanshahan, 1275. Obv. similar; date at foot, irvo Eev., within laurel-wreath, L aJjjJj jhj^ >o ir (i.e. ^I^^Uj^ *=>) M -55, Wt. 30 M -6, Wt. 38' M -e, Wt. 377 iR -0, Wt. 38-2 200 kAjAes. 619 Asterabad, 1276. Obv., within three oblong labels, U jJt J.O UaJLJ Rev., within square, around which, ornaments, Or; ^ irvs- 620 Isfahan, 1276. Fiereed. M, -65, Wt. 37-6 • ' -I Rev., within square, around which, scrolls, I r vs. I ^ 'SS, Wt. 37-5 621 Teheran, 1276. Similar to (608) ; date i r ys- M -65, Wt. 38- NASIR-EU-I)i.V. 201 622 Telioran, 1277. O Similar; but obv. llaX-JI , rev. date (r w M •«, wt. :?8-2 llev. 623 Yazd, 1277. Obv. , similar to (601), but jR -.w, Wt. .TSl 624 Mosli-hed, 127S. Similar to (587) ; but obv. witliin wreath ; rev. within square, aro\md which, .scrolls ; date I r vA M -Tr,, Wt. 70-2 62 o Mesh-hed, 1279. Similar; but obv. and rev. in cireles, arnnnd which, star.*?; dat(» »-Jj.-» t r V 1 -fR -H, Wt. 7(i-i J) 1) '20'2 . KAJAUS. Resht, 1280? Similar to (590) ; but rev. with stars around border, and ir M 7, Wt. 77- 627 Asterakid, 1282. Ohv. similar to (G02), within laurel- wreath, but IJaJL-.) UaJU t I t llev., within border of double arches, 0~i — *-** V — _^j.^ \ r Ar M -7, AVt. Cl-5 -lVcw Coinage. 028 Teheran, 1281. Obv., within wreath of laurel and oak, lion 1., holding sabre with r. fore-paw ; behind, sun ; above, plumed crown ; beneath, jLj ^Ij*. jj : beneath all, i tai llev., within wreath, as obv.. beneath, ^^^j^.^ Pl. XVI. .Milled. Al 1-1, Wt. 170- nAsie-ed-din. 203 629 Same mint and date. Obv. same; but beneath lion, jl^^ j'j-v^ Milled. M -0, Wt. 85-1 630 Same mint and date. Same ; but beneath lion, J^!3 ^■■ IdiUed. IS. --5, Wt -IS- 631 Same mint and date. Same ; but beneath lion, ( .11 T.5, Wt, Vi 204 kajArs. 633 Isfahan, 1284. Obv. 6^^ la. UaX-Jt ()l throughout written -j ) Jvv,, witliin arched horde)', 1.^-A.O J^ A_.JaJL--J I r A (« 634 Kerman, 12S4. Obv. simiLar to (578). Kev. J ■> O I U V U 1 3i •05, Wt. 7C--1 (Inscription reads ^Uj.^ O^"**^' j'^ "r^J-*^) Ai -75, Wi,. 75- KAsiR-ED-DfN. 205 635 (Mesh-hed), Ar?-i-kuds, 1287. Obv. Tugbni composed of jU-lS oli- ^J.jSi\ j-o^j ; beneath, and on either side, IM-) IkJL-J in field right, spray. ^Ul ,.^^3 \J^J^ Pl. XVI- iR -85, Wt. 70-4 636 Teheran, 1288. Obv. similar to (J)T6), Kev. similar to (586) ; date ir aa M 05, Wt. 76-5 637 Same mint and date ? Similar. (Unit of date obscure.) M -7, Wt. 19-5 638 Kazvin, 12|8 ? Obv., within laurel- wiealh, similar to (r)7S) ; niscr. imperfect. Kev. as obv., similar to ('Jil) ; but wJ A j\\. ho, Wt. 37-4 206 kAjAbs. 639 (Teheran) Nusiri, 1292. 01) v., within laurel-wreath ; lion and sun and crown as (G28). Rev. area ^^*aLj Margin, jU^li tXti \^,S)\ ^-olJ ^liaX^M ^ ^IJaJ-JI M -75, Wt. 41-5 New Coinage. 640 Teheran, 1294. Same as (631) ; but date i r'^f' Milled. M -6, Wt. 17 Old Coinage. 641 Teheran, 129.5. Obv. similar to (.578). llev., within laurel- wreath, with plumed crown above, \ I I r ''o M -75, Wt. 76-5 JHeio Coinage. 642 Teheran, 1296. Same as (628) ; but date i r i; MilUd. iR 105, Wt. U2- 643 Same mint and date. Same as (G29) ; but date i r ^* Uillcd. JO, -8, Wt. 70- 044 Same mint and date. Same as (631); but date \r'\p Milled. AK -6, Wt. 17-6 Old Cohiaije. 645 Asten'ibad, date ell'aced. Obv. similar to (580) ; border ornamented, witliin it above, Iw liev. ^l^_:-_wl O-s — ^-« (A suriVappe : on rev. is .seen two-lieaded eagle, above wbieli, crown.) AK 7, Wt. 7(5- 208 KA.iAus. C P P E 11 . New Coinaqe. 04G Telionin, 1281. Obv., within wreath of laurel and oak, sun ra}^'^ ; above, plumed crown ; beneath all, \r k\ llev., within wreath with crown, as obv., beneath wreath, ol-t-^ Pl. xvr. JR 12, Wt. lot- 647 Same mint and date. Same ; but rev. jI-j> ro -^ 1-, wt. 77-1 648, 649 Teheran, 1205. Same; but obv. f in.? p; rev, jUj> c^ . 6o0 Same mint and date. Same; but rev. jU^ 3 ro .¥j V, wt. 77--1 yR 1-, Wt. 7.5-« JK -8, Wt. 39-.S UNCERTAIN. 209 UNCERTAIN. S I L V E K. 651 (Time of Isma'il I. or Tahmasp I.) No mint or date. Obv. Mill-sail pattern formed o£ ^Xc repeated, the c making a rosette in centre, and each angle enclosing v^'* W--^* ^'-^J ^-L-s^i.-*—^ ^-^3 ^ — ^ c) — ^ Rev. bAber. 211 [w.Jji ^JLs']^ aAJI jJ^ j^aj J^IJCJI Jil_a_)l u^-^=^-J^' aJDI jJl^ ^5A*a)l d «A.e-a^'« [OI'^M (Obv. ^11 implied; rev. t of jjilalt serves also for that of ^*3l«.«»il) Pl. XVI. ^ -7, Wt. 54- 212 AUTONOMOUS COPPEK. AUTONOMOUS COPPER. IRAN. 1 1260 Obv. Lion recumbent 1., bead facing, and sun. Rev, \j-i\ ^[s] M -9 JE -85 2 Obv. Same type r. Rev, ]jj\ 8 1260? Obv. Lion rampant 1. Rev., witbin ornamented label, scrolls above and below, Ir Sec also Tabriz, no. (82). ABU-SHAHB. 213 ABU-SHAHR. a. With name Ahu-shahr, 1122 Obv. Two lions rampant facing one another, behind each, sun ; beneath all, leaf. Uov. j~i-^ pl. xvir. JE. 5 Obv., within ornamented border, similar : no symbol. Uev. >-«-i ^^ 6 1267? Obv. Lion 1. Rev. V / M '9 Vl. XVII. iE -6 214 AUTONOMOUS COPPER. 7 1270 Obv. Lion r. Rov. J- — V — ■~' V / I r V. 8 1214?* Obv. Sun rayed. Eev. j^ '^:» V /j.-i I I It* (Restruck ; traces of previous type, obv., peacock (?) 1.) Pl. XVII. ^ -9 9 1239 Obv. Peacock r., around, arabesque, llev. j'^ 5^1 irr ^ (Restruck.) 216 Rev. AUTONOMOUS COPPER. 16 1211? Obv. Lion r. Rev. ]lev, ti 17 Obv. Same type. Rev. similar ; no date legible. 18 Obv. Same type. r ■:!['j] 19 1221? Obv. Lion r. : border o£ pellets. j.^ p 1 ^jt M-B M -8 M -9 Pl. XVII. ^ -85 ABDEBIL. 20 1221? Obv. Fish 1. Rev. Same; same die. 217 PL. xvn. M -9 ARDEBIL. 21 1123 Obv. Peacock r. ; around, branches. liev. J-tii)^ I irr Pl. XVII. M -95 UR U M I. 22 1249 Obv. Lion recumbent 1., and sun; bcneatli, irfl Rev. area, ^ INIargin, wJ . j . ^ • u*' • [3 • lJ • '-^J PL. XVIII. yE 1- 218 AUTONOMOUS COPPER. 23 Date obscure. Obv. Dragon coiled r., looking back. Rev., within ornamented border, PL. XVm. JE 1-2 24 122a? Obv. Bird 1., wings open ; around, ornaments. Rev. « <$) I cH5 -JLs \r r PL. xvnr. ^ 1-15 Obv. Turtle r. ; above, j.** ; beneath, wJ^- Rev. ^^ Pl. XVIII. JE -85 Rev. ISFAHAN. 219 ISFAHAN. 26 1120 Obv. Liou r., and sun ; in field, foliage. O ^3 — A. 9 V / Pl. XVIII. ,E115 27 Same date. Similar. 28 Similar ; date obliterated. 29 Similar ; date obliterated. 30 Obv. Same type as (29), 1. Kev. Similar to (29). 31 Same type r. Key. similar to (2(5) ; date not visible. -s;ii JE V M -95 .-E 7 220 AUTONOMOUS COPPEB. 32 1246, 1247 Lion r., and sun ; beneath, i rfv Rev. irt«^ o >-^ (Restruck on Russian two copek-piece 1813 ?) 33 Obv. Lion seizing stag r. ; in field, foliage. Rev. j^ M 12 cr'3 .JLs Pl. XVIII. M 11 Rev. 34 Obv. similar. ^ V ebivAn. 221 ERI VAN. 35 1084 Obv. Lion 1., and sun ; around, foliage. Rev. 0*3 J-i' J"^ M -9 Rev. 36 1120 Similar ; rev. order of letters varied ; date i i r . Pl. XVIII. M ro5 37 IIGO Obv. Same type ; no foliage. •5f c>-3 ^ 9 1 1? M -8 38 Same date. Same ; same die. ^75 222 AUTONOMOUS COPPER. Rev. 39 1176? Similar to (38) Obv, ; vev. no star, 40 1180 , Same type. • Al 1 V / di ite VI ? J^ M -8 Tl. XVIII. ,E Ix' Rev. 41 1187 Obv, Same die. liev. Similar; date iiav 42 1232 Obv. Same type r. '3 U' JE -Ox -65 eritAk. 43 Obv. Similar. I t Key. O 3 Struck on coin with types of (45) ; date trf (Double-struck.) 44 Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. 45 124x Obv. Lion recumbent r., and sun. Rev. Similar; date i rf 46 1130 Obv. Sun, rayed. 223 Rev. '3/ I ir. _X_s M -75 M -9 Pi,. XVIII. JE -8 224 AUTONOMOUS COPPEB. 47 113G Obv. Lion and cub r. ; above, foliage. I ir $. Rev. Similar to (46), date v / Pl. XVIII. M -9 48 Same date. Same ; same dies. 49 1057 Obv. Elephant r. ; around, arabesque. Kev. (j'3 V / /-* Pl. XIX. ^l-2x-85 50 1132 Obv. Elephant 1. ; above and below, foliage. Rev. Similar to (4G) ; date 1 trr M -85 51 Obv. Same ; same die. Rev. similar ; arrangement of letters varied. ERIVIN. 225 52 Similar; obv. varied, beyond elephant, tree (?) ; rev., date obliterated. ^^E -95 53 1133 Obv. Camel r. ; around, foliage. Kev. similar to (50) ; but date, irr Pl. XIX. JE -9 51i Obv. Ibex recumbent ; around, foliage. Eev. Similar to (35), date obscure. PL. XIX. JE -85 55 1127 Obv. Ape r., in tree, looking back. Rev. Obj" — i 1 irv 56 1128 Similar ; date ii r a 57 Obv. Hare 1. Rev. [b]> — :;' Pl. XIX. M -ito Pi,. XIX. Ji -a 226 AUTONOMOUS COPPEK. 58 Obv. Cock 1.; above, flower; In front, branch. Kev. Similar to (3G) ; date obliterated. Pl. XIX. JE -8 59 lxx4! Obv. Goose r. ; around, arabesque. Rev. o'iJ i Pl. XIX. JE 9 BO R U J I R D, (50 No date. Obv. Bird 1. looking back, seated on capital; in field r., flower. Rev. i 3 Pl. XIX. JE -85 BAGHDAD. 01 [10]45 Obv. Horse L, bridled ; beyond, tree. Kev. [^]'^«: Ilev, U-»^' -k—S G2 Obv. Birdl. Pl. XIX. M -9 BANDAR-'ABBAS? ^ -65 63 Obv. Lion r., and sun. Kev. J^-r" I'l,. XIX. M -85 64< Obv. Same type. ]{,uv. Similar; arraugcuiout of letters variid ; double-struck. ^•K -6 228 AUTONOMOUS COPPER. BEHBEHAN. Kev. G5 1256 Obv. Lion, looking back, seizing stag, r. U Same date. Similar, but i lor r ; around, scrolls. 67 Same date. Obv. Similar. Kev., witliin ornamented eigbt-foil ; same inscr., but 68 Same date. Obv. Similar. Rev., witliin eiglit-poiuted border, M •85 .E -85 I r ^•8 M-8 TABEiz. 229 69 12ira? Similar to (66) ; date i r only legible. 70 No date. Similar ; but rev. within double dotted border. PL. XIX. M -8 M -75 TABRIZ. 71 1085 Obv. Lion 1., and sun. llev. J-i^-^ CHJ' ,_AJ 72 Obv. Same type r, llev. Similar, date obliterated. .E -9 A'. V 230 AUTONOMOUS COPPEli. Rev. 73 1126 limilar to (72) ; date rf- ^ -8 74 113G Similar, dat<^ ir* Pl XX. M -85 75 1171? Obv. Same type 1. liev. Similar, date t^>b 76 117x Obv. Same type r. Kev. Smiilar, date ^ ^^ 77 Obv. Same type 1. liev. Similar, date not legible. 78 1224 Obv. Similar. M 7 ^ -85 JE -So TABRIZ. 231 1230 Obv. Lion recumbent 1., and sun. Ilev., within arabesque border, V. / I rr j.^ (Uegtruck : on rev. traces of former obv. Lion recumbent left.) JE 1-05 80 1235 Similar, date v^ / 81 Same date. Obv. Similar. Kev., within quatrefoil, ^— — / I rrt> 82 12 56 Obv. Lion recumbent r., bead facing. '. I r >■ Pi. XX. js. ro5 2& -8 J& 75 232 AUTONOMOUS COPPEB. 83 1239 Obv. Sun, rayed ; wreath border. lic'V., within ornamented hibel ; flower above, branches below, I r ri 84 Same date. Similar ; rev. branches varied. 85 Same date. Similar ; rev. branches varied. 86 1240 Similar ; beneath, two leaves ; date i r K 87 Same date. Obv. Sun. Rev., within ornamented label, pointed above, >'^ Date outside label. M 1- M V M -85 TABRfz. 233 88 1095 Obv., within wreath-border, humped bull r. ; above, branch. llev., within wreath-border. M -85 i.'Jo >> / M -9 89 Same date. Obv. Same, same die ; rev. similar. 90 1133 Obv. Same type 1. ; around, branches. Rev. Similar; date iirr Pl. XX. M l*lx'fi5 91 1134 Obv. Similar, type r. Tiev. Similar; date \\r^ M 1'05 X -55 92 1112 Obv. Humped bull standing on fish r. ; around, branches. Pl. XX. .'K hcxaponal, 12 H n 234 AUTONOMOUS COPPEB. 93 1051 Obv. Elephant r. ; around, arabesques. I.8( Rev. Similar to (92) ; date v i Pl. XX. M '95 94 1081 Obv. Peacock 1. ; on back, flower. Rev. Similar; date .ai Pt, XX. M -9 T I FL I S. 95 1014 Obv. Lion 1. ; above, ornaments, degradation of sun ; around, arabesque. Rev. Area, within lozenge, having ornament on each side, lion 1. Margin, | i . if ^j-'^i \ l.h>^ j-«» Pt. XX. M 1-05 96 Same date. Obv. Similar. Rev. Same ; same die. & 1-05 TIFLfS. 235 97 1075 Obv. Sun, riiy(;d. Rev. i.vo 98 1148 Obv. Lion seizing bull r. Rev. jj*»^_X_9 V / 99 Same date. v„ Similar, but i i F a M I- 23G AUTONOMOUS COPPER. TU I. 100 No date. Obv. Elephant 1., harnessed ; around, arabesques. Rev. j^^j Xs Pl. XX. M -85 T I RA? 101 No date. Obv. Lion 1. ; around, arabesques. Rev. Fish r., between ^ i^j^[5] and w»^ Pl. XX. M -75 102 No date. Obv. Elephant 1. ; around, arabesques. Rev. Similar. Pl. XX. JE -9 KHoi. 237 K H O T. 103 1189 Obv. Lion 1. and sun ; around, ornaments : countermark, star. Rev. C^ V / MA 1 >-» Pl. XXI. JS 1- 104 1191 Obv. Similar : similar countermark. Rev. Similar, but date i ij^aii 105 1209 Obv. Similar type. V f Rev. Similar, date j.^ :...^ 1 rrr »- J yb PL. XXI. M 1-2 liev. Eev. ea'nAsh. 239 110 Same date. Similar. ^ Vih Ill Obv. Parrot r., head lowered. J v_l_^ eH5-A-9 wJ J^ Pt. XXT. ^ 1-05 RA'NASH. 112 1030 Obv. Lion r., and sun. 113 1031 Similar ; date i •rt' Pl. xxr. M -85 vE -85 240 AUTONOMOUS COPPER. SA-UJ BULAGH, 114 No date. Obv. Two geese, facing one another, Kev., within ornamented border, Pl. XXI. JE V SHEMAKHI. 115 1117 Obv. Lion 1., and sun. Rev. f-^Vo^ I llv \ / Pl. XXI. JE -95 116 1120 Obv. Horse walking 1. ; around, floral ornaments. Rev. Similar, but date v > M !• siiiuAz. 241 117 1110 Obv. Peacock 1. ; around, branches. Jiov. Similar to (115) ; date i i ( 118 Same date. Similar. S H I R AZ 119 1097 Obv. Ibex running r. ; around, foliage. Ilev. I j C>-3 ^ — 9 V / 120 Obv, Similar. Ilev. EllVcd. I r M-6S ^I'l JE -95 M V 242 AUTONOMOUS COrPER. TEHERAN. 121 Obv. Lion 1., and sun. Jvov. ^J\J-^J9 ^ !• 122 1143 Obv. Lion seizing stag r. ; above stag's head, ia ; around, foliage. PL. XXI. JE 1-25 123 1222 Obv. Peacock 1. J behind, irrr Rev. O I r rr ^ Pl. XXI. JE -9 124 Obv. Goose r., wings open. Rev. Similar to (121). (Hestruck.) ^ 1- KAZVIN. 243 KAZ vIn. 125 1180 Obv. Lion r., and sun. I \r Rev. Lj-*— L ^^- 0-i3}^ J^ 126 1182 Obv. Same type 1. Rev. Oa}^ 127 Same (same die). ^■96 M 1-05 X -6 ^ lx-65 128 lxx3 Obv. Horse galloping r., and sun ; beneath, floral ornament. Rev. C>i3J^ u^^- XJ I'L. XXII. JE -85 241 AUTOIS'OMOUS COI'PEK. 129 Obv. L'on 1. liev. Similar to (125), date oLliteratcd. (Hfstruck.) 130 1114 Obv. Ibex walking 1. Eev. Similar to (12G) ; date <« — -J KANDAHAR, 131 1058 Obv. Lion 1 , and suu. Rev. jl.Ajk_;3 132 Same date. Similar. M -9 Tl, xxii. m M 1- Kev. kandahIr. 245 133 1107 Obv. Same type r. 134 1085 Obv. Lion 1. Kev. jIa>^^_5 -U 135 108G ( .AS. Similar ; date ^__ 186 Same date. Similar ; dat(; i • a* M '8 M -06 Ml- iE 12 M 1-05 2JiU AUTONOMOUS COPPEK. 137 1059 Obv. Lion 1., seizing stag r. liev. Similar to (13G) ; date i.ol 138 1080 Obv. Horse galloping r. ; above, floral ornameut. llev. Similar; date i v —^ Pl. XXII. ^ 139 Same date. Obv. Same type 1. ; above, floral ornament. Rev. Similar ; date v.— .^ ^-i M -9 140 1082 Obv. Camel 1. Rev. Similar ; date i . a r Pl. XXII. M -9 141 Same date. Similar. ^ V kandahAr. 217 142 Same date. Obv. Same t3'pe r. Rev. Similar. Ml- H3 1083 Similar ; date i .at 144 Obv. Stag 1. ; around, floral ornaments^. llev. ,^_,„w3_Jk-9 145 Tivo-dindr-piece. 957 Obv. Antelope running 1. ; above, iU—w Tlev., witliin quatrefoil, j J^.9 (.sic) IJ.> 33 Pl. XXir. /K -7.5 2E 1-2 JS 1-2 248 Al'TONOMOUS COPPER. Same date. Similar to (145). U7 Same date. Similar. 148 Similar; but obv., around, branch ; date effaced ; rev. Ujj and ^ M 11 149 No date. Obv. Similar type. Rev., within lozenge, jk-3 ;l A JE. ro5 150 No date. Obv. Peacock 1, llev. iwH 3,J^ jIaj..J Pl. XXII. M I'Oo kandahAr. 249 151 Similar. 152 No date. Obv. Within wreath, two fishes I. and r. ; between them, star in circle. Rev. Rev. I ft V / [>-^] 153 Similar. 154 No date. Obv. Flower. PL. XXII. JE 9 JG-e Across field, sabre r. M 1- 155 1097 Obv. Two-bhidcd sabre (Zu'1-fikiir) 1. ; around, floral ornaments. Rev. Similar to (152) ; date, i.Sv JE 11 250 AUTONOMOUS COPPER. 156 Obv. Same typo as no. (155) r. Eev, Similar ; date effaced. PL. XXI [. /E i-i 157 Obv. Sabre 1. ; around, floral ornaments. IJev. jV_a.x-l3 (.^^— A — 9 158 Similar. KERMANSHAHAN. 159 Obv. Lion r. Kev. O U U M 7 M -95 Pl. XXII. iE 9 KEEMi-NSHAnllT. 251 Eev. 160 1172 Obv. Boar r. ? above lion 1. PL. XXII. M -55 161 1258 Obv. Elephant 1. with rider; in field, ao i i Eev. V / I r 01 (die of 1251. M'9 252 AUTONOMOUS COPPER. KASHAN. 1G2 nil ? Obv. Lion r., and sun. Rev. O I It 163 1132 Similar; date v / 104 1137 Obv. Similar, liev. O k_^5_i 9 \ / M-9 M V M -9 Rev. OANJA. 253 ]G5 1160? Obv. Similar. V / M -95 166 Obv. Sun, rayed. Rev. Similar to (162) ; date effaced. Pl. XXIII. m -9 167 Obv. Peacock 1. Ilev. Similar; date effaced. Pl. XXIII. M 1-05 GAN J A 168 1106 Obv. Lion 1., and sun. Rev. Asf^S 1.1 254 AUTONOMOUS COPPEE. 1G9 1149 Similar to (1G8) ; but rev. date, as»».o 170 1123 Obv. Lion r. ; beyond, tree. Rev. Similar to (168) ; date 1 1 rr 171 1181 Obv. Lion r. llev. Similar to (169) ; date 1 1 a i 172 Date obliterated. Obv. Sun; Countermark leaf-sbaped, j, x^ Rev. a_s^.i-? ^ -9 M'05 M'9 JE ri5 GANJA, 255 173 1132 Obv. Horse walking 1. ; above, and in front, branch ; beneath, flower. Rev. Similar to (1G8) ; date irr Pl. xxiir. ^E -9 174 Same date. Similar ; mint-name off field. M -85 175 1158? Obv. Similar type ; around, arabesque. Eev. Similar ; date ^j^ Pl. XXIII. JE -85 176 Similar ; obv., type r. ; rev., date ^^^Xs M -8 177 1106 Obv. Ibex r, ; above, and in front, branch ; beneath, flower. Rev. Similar to (108) ; date i ^ M 105 250 AUTONOMOrS COPPER. 178 Same date. Similar to (177) ; date 1 1 •* 179 1116 Obv. Similar. Rev. 4,a»^> V / I I I ^ j-O 180 1207 Obv. Duckl. ir.v Rev. Similar to (172) ; date x^ (Restruck. ) M V Pl. XXIII. M -8 181 1215 Obv. Two-bladed sabre (Zu-lfikar) 1. Rev. Similar ; date i r i o Pl. XXIII. JE -7 mAzanderIn. 257 MAZANDERAN 182 1138 Obv. Lion r., and sun. V I iir 183 Date obliterated. Obv. Similar. Rev. [^]lj>_JjL-6 V I 184 1140? Obv. Lion seizing stag r. Rev. y^ cH^-^ PL. XXIII. M -95 M r ^ ro5 L L 25S AnoNOMOus coppee. 185 1140? Obv. Similar. Rev. OLbl-'^Cj]^ 186 Date obliterated. Similar. 187 1159 Obv. Similar type, lion 1., stag r. Rev. [0'j]>^[JH ^ 1- PL. XXIII. JE 1- X 7 Rev. MESH-HED. 259 M ESH-H ED. 18S Obv. Lion I., and sun. Rev. [t^]jL^.o J.—^^ — o V / 189 Obv. Sun, rayed. V »Av^-« J-^ ^ -95 M -8 190 1205 Obv. Elephant ]., and driver } countermark ^jIj C' Rev. i^J- ir.o ^^ / 260 AUTONOMOUS COPPEE. 191 1246 Obv. Same type as (100) r., beneath, i rfi Rev. Similar to (190) ; no date. 192 Similar ; no date visible. Rev. JF. -9 Pl. XXIII. M -85 193 Obv. fs-j'j in monogram. Rev. Similar ; no date visible. (Restruck.) JE -85 H ER AT. 194 1134 Obv. Horse galloping 1. ; above, ^m i i Between lines, two-bladed sabre (Zu-l-fik;ir ) 1. ^1- RAMADAN — TAZD. HAM AD AN, 2Gl 195 1054 Obv. Eagle r. devouring partridge ? Eev. jj1.x-o._& 1.^3 — L-s .of V ) YAZD. 196 Obv. Lion 1., and sun. Rev. ij-i U*»3— ^ — 3 PL. XXIII. M i- Pl. XXIII. & 1-2 ( 2G2 ) MEDALS. GOLD. 1 REWARD OF VALOUR. 1297 Obv. Within wreath of laurel and oak, on base, lion 1. holding sabre with r. fore-paw ; behind, sun. Rev. Area jl_{>.L5 dLw I r lv Margin, O-ip oW* b*^ C><^^ ^^ \J>j^ j^ Pl. XXIV. iV 1-4, Wt. 222- SILVER. 2 1273 Obv. dl,iua>lw O^JJI ji*oU Bust of Shah r., in uniform. Rev. 0'>:J' "AjAift v^J^i /=*^ *^ Within wreath of laurel and oak, lion and sun, as (1) ; above, plumed crown; in ex,, i rvr Tl. XXIV. m, 1-1, Wt. ISO- MEDALS. 2G3 3 1293 30th year of reign, and centenary of Kajar Dynasty. Obv. Same as (1) : same die. Rov. Within laurel-wreath, ■' -" _ ^ ' J J ■» ■» J J (vowelled, lh^-'^*' C?>^ • ^^^t -» probably is intended for jaj^c) In border, p F PL. XXIV. M 1-4, Wt. 352- ( 2G5 ) SUPPLEMENT. ISMAIL I. 81 LYE K. 12* Nimruz, 9.V2. Obv. Area Ajl_Jt d_X_)IJ 3^5- i Margin, in cartouches, — ^^ cr.[ci£i Eev. Area [J^UJt o^^'] In centre, within hexagon, J3 -^— c^l ill -H, W't. o'J-7 AI AF 26G SUPPLEMENT. 12rt Herat, 027. Obv. Area similar to (12»); varied. Margin, J-BJlA. ^.J— s o^**** Eev. Area similar to (1-*), but ends . 5LJl^ a\}\ In centre, within six-foil. p\.x. M V, Wt "lU 15« Nimn'iz, 928. Obv, Similar to (12*); margin more complete. liev. Area similar to (12*); date ir^ In centre, within hexagon, J3 M -85, Wt. 59-1 Tabriz, 920. Obv. Area similar to (11), varied. Margin, in cartouches, ^^2i^*C ^^ ISMAIL I. 267 Rev. similar to (15) ; but order of words varied, and in centre, within quatrefoil, M -9, Wt. 121- 17« Ardebil, date off field. Obv. similar to (17), in circle, ^^JU and Jj united : margin almost entirely wanting. Rev. similar to (15) ; but ends 3 In centre, within sixfoil, ^^ ISb Mint and date obliterated. Obv. Area as (17«). Margin, ^aj ... ^ji^l^ Ji^-o ■••■ i^ Kev. Area, within eightfoil, JR -So, Wt 120- M -1), Wt. ir.» t 268 SUPPLEMENT. TAHMASP I. SILVER. 27» Mint and date obliterated. Obv. similar to (25). No traces of marginal inscr. Kev. J[3]UJI [0]^iaJ^~l[l] In centre, within ornamented quatrefoil, Ai a, Wt. 12i- 27'**, 27*** Similar. M -85, Wt. 119- M 85, Wt. 120- MUHAMMAD KJIUDABANDA. 2G0 MUHAMMAD KHUDABANDA. GOLD. 27a* Isfahjui, 987. Obv. Area similar to (27«) ; but dJJ\ J^-'j Margin, within cartouches, I ^^*^ JLc I . ..^ cE: llev. Area .iSL-T ^Jlil )i j._« a*. c 3 d— 5-Jl_c j^»* — t — « >o^ — ol >»%[c] A \ .■l_o ».^» a » ,.« In centre, witliin circle, U iV^ -65, Wt. 71-4 27«*# Kazvin, 987. Obv. Area, within border of many foils, similar to (27rt*). Margin, within cartouches, ^^^"0 ^■^ (^~'>'* Kev. Area similar (to 27rt*) ; [o]^ w.-Uv^ O^ oli^l,! ^ftJfl.<,.)t [ jJjI legible. In centre, within circle, •^j—^ Uv Jf -8, Wt. 71- 270 SUPPLEMENT. 27a*** Kazvin, fifth year, 989. Obv. Area similar to (27a). Margin, traces of names of Imams. llev. Area, [0]lM[^)UU] i[b].... J ^« j.^sw.^^U[l>o]'Nl[c] In centre, within border of many foils, & -85, wt. 170-8 I. INDEX OF YEARS. A.H. Metal. MINT. DYNASTY. PEINCE. NO. Page. 908 M Safavis Isma'il I. 4 3 911? 5 ) Amul JJ JJ 17 9 9', 2 55 Nimruz JJ j> 12* 2&5 9! 5 5> Merv 55 JJ ' 10 5 915 55 JJ >j 12 6 916 N Herat 55 JJ 1 1 922 5) Shlraz 55 JJ 2 2 927 M Herat 55 12« 266 928 )j Aberkuh 5) JJ 13 7 j> 55 Shiraz 5J JJ 14 7 5» )> Kashan JJ 55 15 8 55 55 JVi'mruz 55 55 15« 266 929 55 Tabriz 55 J 5 15b 266 jj )5 JJ 55 16 9 938 J) Hamadan )) Tahmasp i. 20 13 949 55 Isfahan 55 >> 21 14 955 55 55 55 >» 22 14 957 JE Kandaliar 145-7 247-8 97(3 M Mesh-hed 55 5J 23-4 15 985 M Isfahan 5) Muhammad Khuda- banda 27« 19 987 55 55 55 JJ '27 n* 269 )5 55 Kazvin 55 5J 21a** 269 989 55 „ JJ JJ 21(1*** 270 997 55 Isfahan JJ 'Abbas I. 28 21 [014 JE Tiflis 95-6 234 L017? M Huwaiza J5 JJ 32 23 [030 JE Ka'nash 112 239 [034 5J )5 113 239 [038 yR E rival! JJ Safi T. 34 24 039 51 Isfulu'in JJ JJ 34a 25 [03 r, )) )) JJ )> 35 25 [045 JE Bajrhdad 61 227 L051 5) Tat)riz 93 234 1054 Al Huwiiiza >> 'Abbds 11. 48 59 JE Hiiniadan 195 261 1057 >i Ei'ivan 49 224 1058 ?) Kandahar 131 244 1059 yll Tabriz >J JJ 36 26 >> .E KandaMr 137 246 276 INDEX OF YEARS. A. II. Metal. MINT. DYNASTY. PRINCE. NO. Page. 1002 M Tal)riz Safavis 'Abbas II. 36« 27 1064 Isfahan ?j >j 366 271 106o )3 )) M 37 27 loGG Tabriz >} JJ 38 27 1067 Ardebil j> JJ 38« 271 1069 Tabriz 5) JJ 39 27 1070 yy )5 JJ 40 27 1071 >J JJ 41 27 1072 yy »5 JJ 42 28 1072? 99 Huwaiza >> JJ 49 29 1072 M Kermanslialian 160 251 1073 A\ 5? JJ 43 28 1075 Erivan )J JJ 44 28 M Tiflis 97 235 mx M 5J M JJ 45 28 1080 M KandaMr 138 246 1081 Tabriz 94 234 1082 M I.sfahan >> Sulaiman i. 50 30 M Kandahar 140 246 1083 143 247 1084 M Huwaiza 5» JJ 77-8 37 M Erivan 35 221 1085 M Huwaiza 5) )j 79-81 37 M Tabriz 71 229 Kandaliar 134 245 1086 M Huwaiza 5J JJ 82 38 Ganja >J JJ 51 31 M Kandahar 135-6 245 1087 M fabrfz J5 JJ 52 31 Huwaiza 5> JJ 83 38 1088 yy )> JJ 84 38 1089 )5 jj 85 38 1090 Isfahan )> JJ 53 31 1092 Tabriz 5> JJ 55 32 1093 9" Isfahan >) jr 56 32 1095 M Tabriz 88 233 1096 A\ Isfahan JJ JJ 57 32 Nakhchuvan )) JJ 58-60 33 1097 Isfahan J? JJ 61 33 Naklichuvan >) JJ 62-65 33-4 Hamadan )» JJ 66 34 M Shiraz 119-20 241 55 Kandahar 155 249 1098 A\ Resht )) JJ 67 34 1099 Isfahan J> Jj 68-9 34-5 Tabriz J> JJ 70 35 ido.r Isfahan )) JJ 71 35 1101 J) Nakhchuvan 1 ') JJ 72 35 IxNUEX OF YEAKS. 277 1111? 1112 1113 1114 1116 1117 1118 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 Metal. M A\ M J) JE Al M JE JR M /R M Al M M ?? I M )> Al MINT. DYNASTY. ?? »? 1130 >» J5 >) J> 5> ») J> 1130? 1130 5J i> » Gaiija Isfahan Erivan Ganja Tiflis Kaiidaliar Tabi'iz ? Ganja Shemaklii Kasluin 'I'abriz Isfahan Kazwin Ganja Sheinakhi Isfahan Erivan Shemakhi Isfahan Abii-Shahr Isfahan Ardebil Ganja Mesh-hcd Erivan Tabriz Isfahan Erivan Isfahan Tabriz Isfahan Tabriz Tillis Kazvin Kashan Mesh-hed Nakhchuvan Erivan Kazvin Safavis PRINCE. NO. Sulainian i. Sultan Husain Page. 73 74 74* 74a 168 177 89 133 90 90a 91 117-8 162 92 92 93 94-5 130 179 115 96 2()-7 36 116 97 4 98-9 21 170 100 101 101a 73 102-4 105a 55 56 106 107-8 109-10^ 11 1-1 11a 112-112« 113 114-114./ 115 116-1 16a 4() 125 36 36 272 36 253 255 40 245 40 41 41 241 252 41 233 42 42 244 256 240 42 219 221 240 43 213 44 217 254 44 44 272 230 45 46 225 225 46 46-7 47 17-8 48 48 48 49 49 223 243 278 INDEX OF YEARS. A.H. Metal. MINT. DYNASTY, PEINCE, NO. Page. 1131 M Isfahan Safavis Sultan Husain 117-117ff 49-50 51 JJ Erivan »j JJ 117& 50 J) »j Tabiiz JJ JJ 118 50 >) JJ Tiflis JJ JJ 119-21 50 )) JJ Kazvi'n JJ JJ 122 50 1132 JJ Isfahan JJ JJ 123-125 51 >) JJ Eli van JJ JJ 126-7 51 j> JJ Resht JJ JJ 127« 51 J) JJ Kazvin JJ JJ 128 52 )> JE Erivan 50-51 224 J) JJ Kashan 163 252 )> JJ Ganja 173-4 255 1133 Al Isfahan JJ JJ 129-30 52 >5 JJ Tabriz JJ JJ 131-131« 52 >> JJ Tiflis JJ JJ 132 53 JJ JJ Nakhehuvan JJ JJ 133 53 J> M Erivan 53 225 )) JJ Tabriz 90 233 1134 J^ Isfahan JJ JJ 88 39 >j M Tabriz JJ JJ 134-40 53-54 5) JJ Tiflis JJ JJ 141 54 J5 M Tabriz 91 233 J» JJ Herat 194 260 5> ^ Kazvin JJ Tahmasp ii. 145 55 5> ^ Tabriz 5J JJ 149 56 1135 jj JJ JJ Sultan Husain 142 54 JJ JJ Isfahan Afghans Mahmud 193-97 64-65 135-7] JJ Kandahar JJ JJ 197« 273 1135 JJ Tabriz Safavis Tahmasp ii. 150-8 56-57 JJ JJ Kazvfn JJ JJ 159 57 1136 N- Tabriz JJ JJ 146 65 JJ M J J JJ JJ 160-4 57 ,, M Erivdn 47-8 224 JJ JJ Tabriz 74 230 1137 M ,, JJ J J 165 57 JJ M Isfahan Afghans Ashraf 198 66 JJ JE Kashan 164 252 1138 M Mazencleran Safavis Tahmasp ii. 166 58 JJ M JJ 182 257 1139 M Resht JJ JJ 167 58 JJ j> Lahijan JJ JJ 168 58 JJ JJ Mazenderan JJ JJ 168« 58 JJ JJ Mesh-hed JJ JJ 169-71 58 1140 JJ JJ JJ JJ 172-73 59 „ N Isfahan Afghans Ashraf 199 67 JJ M JJ j> JJ 200 67 1140? JE Mazenderan 184-85 257-8 1141 JR JJ Safavis Tahmasp ii. 174 59 JJ It Mesh-hed )> JJ 175 59 INDEX OF YEARS. 279 A.H. Metal. MINT. DYNASTY. PRINCE. NO. Page. 1141 ^ Isfahan Afghans Ashraf 201 67 114a; )) )) 55 95 202 68 1142 ^ }f Safavis Tab in asp ii. 147-8 56 jj M 99 »> 59 17(5-80 59-60 jy ,j Mazeiiileran it 55 181 60 1143 59 Tabriz 15 55 182 60 99 )I Mazenderan 91 „ ('All Riza) 184-5 61-2 J5 >» Mesh-hed )> „ i „ ) 186-90 62-3 )9 JE Teheran 122 242 1144 M Tabriz 95 9' 183 61 ) 9 ,, Mazenderan 99 „ ('All Riza) 191 63 1145 iJ" Isfahan 95 'Abbas III. 205-6 69 53 ^ 99 >> „ 208 70 99 )3 Resht f» 55 209 70 yy 99 Kazvin 55 55 210 70 1146 ^ Tabriz 95 55 207 70 ^ Isfahan 59 211 70 99 9» 99 99 212 70 1148 N Mesh-hed 95 „ ('Ali Riza) 213 71 9> M »j 55 „ ( „ ) 213« 71 99 M Tiflis 98-9 235 99 Al Efsliaris Nadir 221 74 1149 99 Isfahiin 59 5) 222 74 J* Mesh-hed 55 >5 223 75 99 JE (lanja 169 254 1150 N Shiraz 55 55 214 72 M Isfahan 95 95 224-5 75 Tiflis 5) 55 226 75 99 Shiriiz 55 55 227 76 99 Kandahar 55 228-30 76 99 Mesh-hed 55 55 231-5 76-7 1151 ^ Labor 55 55 215 73 M Isfahan 55 55 236-40 77 99 Tabriz 55 5> 241-2 77-8 9} Shirdz 55 55 243 78 99 99 Ganja 55 »> 244 78 99 Mesh-hed 55 55 245-6 78 >? 99 Nadiriibad 55 J> 247-8 79 1152 N Isfahan 55 5» 216-21(w 73,27 M Tabriz 55 5' 249 79 Tiflis 59 95 250-1 79 )9 » Sbahjchiinii- bad (I)eljh') 55 55 252 80 1153 ^ Isfahan 55 55 217-18 73 ^ 95 55 55 253 80 Tabriz 9) >i 254.(5 80-81 > J Mesh-hed 59 55 257 81 1154 99 Tabriz )> 55 258-9 81 >} )) Ganja 55 5> 200 81 280 INDEX OF YEARS. A H. Metal. M I \T. DYNASTY. PRINCE. NO. Page. 1156 M Isfahan Efsharis Nadir 260a 274 >} 55 Mesh -lied 35 33 261 82 55 JE Bhukkur 55 35 273-4 84 1157 M Isfahan 35 55 262 82 >> )5 Sind 55 55 2(53 82 J) 55 Mesh-hed 55 55 2()4 82 1158 N Isfahan >> 35 219-20 74 >j M >) 55 53 265 82 5J 55 Tal)riz 55 55 266 82 J3 JJ Sind 55 35 266a 83 JJ JE Bhukkur 55 35 274a 84 1158? 53 Ganja 175 255 1159 tH Isfahan 55 31 267 83 >) 55 Tabriz 35 53 268-9 83 ?) ^ Mazenderan 187 258 IIGO M Tabriz 33 33 270-71 83 9J M Erivan 37-8 221 1160? 55 Kci'^htin 165 253 1160 yR Tabriz Safavis Sam 275-6 85 55 55 Isfahan Efsharis IdilShah('AliRiza) 277-80 86-7 55 3) Tabriz 55 5, ( ,3 ) 281 87 55 55 Mesh-hed 55 55 ( „ ) 282-3 87 1161 5) 5> 33 ( 3, ) 284 88 116;' 55 Herat 55 33 , ( „ ) 285 88 1161 Tabriz 35 Ibrahim ( „ ) 289-91 90 55 )) Mesh-hed 55 Shah Rukh 293 92 5' 55 Herat 55 35 294 92 55 55 Kesht 35 3, ( „ ) 309 96 55 55 Kazvin 55 ( 3, ) 310-1 96 55 55 Mesh-hed 55 ,3 ( „ ) 312 97 1162 3) Tiflis 55 Ibrahim 286-7 89 ?5 55 Kazvin 35 33 288 89 jj 55 Tabriz fj Shah Rukh 297 93 3J 55 Shiraz 35 298-9 93-4 !) 35 Mesh-hed 53 35 295-6 92-3 1? 53 55 55 55 300-301 94 1163 55 Tabriz 55 55 302 94 5? 35 Ganja 55 5< 303 94 ?1 55 Mesh-lied 55 55 304 95 1163^ 55 55 55 55 305 95 116^ N 35 55 5> 292 91 116a; M TiHis 55 »S 306-7 95 116a? 35 Kazvin 51 55 308 95 1163 5) Mazenderan Safavis Suhiiman 11. 313 98 1163] 55 Kazvin P 33 53 314 99 1163 55 Isfahan 55 Isma'il (ill.) 318 102 1166 55 3) 5> Resht Mazenderan 33 33 33 j >5 1 319 320 103 103 INDEX OF YEARS. 281 A.H. Metal MINT. DYNASTY. PRINCE. NO. Page. 1167 M Mazenderan Safavis Isma'il (hi.) 321-2 104 yy N Isfahan Zands Keriin Khan 323 105 5J M Kazvfn >j ' " 326-7 107 1168 9 1 Tabriz Afghans Azad Khan 416 130 1169 N Isfahan Zands Keriin Khan 324 106 9) jy 1) ^.ajars Muhammad Hasan Khan 404-5 127 1170 JR Tiflis Efsliaris Shah Rukh 315 100 j9 N ^Tabriz Kcijars Muhammad Hasan Klian 406 128 ii • J Yazd yy V 407 128 yy A Tabriz jj >> 409 128 }) j> Resht jj >> 410 128 ?> 9 9 Mazenderan yt >> 411-12 129 1171 N Isfahan 5J yy 408 128 }i M Mazenderan }} }> 413-14 129 11711 M Tabriz 75 230 1172 N Army-mint (Juiu) Zands Kerim Kiian 325 106 » m Kermansha- han 160 251 1173 M Mazenderan yy )> 344-5 112-3 1174 J J Shiraz J J >> 347 114 19 J J Kashan J J >> 348 114 1175 J J Mazenderan ty >> 349 114 1176 ^ Shiraz )) )» 328-30 108 )» ^l » >> }} 350-52 115 » >> Array-mint (Zairab-khana- i-rikab) » » 353 115 )> » J Ganja Khan of Ganja 417 131 1176? ^ Erivan 39 222 1177 ^ Shiraz 9) Kerim Khan 354 115 5» )) Ganja Khan of Ganja 418 131 1178 )) >j . ?> 419 131 1178? yy Eesht yy Kerim Khan 354« 116 1179 n Isfahan J> >j 355 116 )} > J Tabriz )> >> 356 116 }} J ) Teheran >> )) 357 116 5» J > Yazd >} 358 117 U7a? ^ Tabriz 76 230 1180 9 9 Erivan 40 222 1181 yR Tabriz >t )j 359 117 )) )) Resht )> >> 360 117 J) J} Shiraz )> >> 361 118 }) J? Teheran J» >> 3()2 118 »> )> Yazd >) >» 363 118 >» JE Ganja 171 254 1182 M Tabriz f > >> 3(54 118 >) )> Tiflis »> >» 366-8 119-2( O 282 INDEX OF YEARS. A.H. Metal. 1182? 1182 1183 1184 1185 1187 /R MINT. 1188 1189 1190 JR N Tiflis Ganja Nakhchuvan Kazvfn Tabriz TiHfs Nakhcliuvan Tabrj'z Tiflis Gaiija Tabriz DYNASTY. Yazd I Tabriz Ganja I Erivan Tabriz Kerinan Ganja Khoi Tiflis Shenijikhi Keniian Ganja Khoi El-Basreh Resht* . , .. , Yazd 1190? M (EI-)Basreh 1190 1191 1191 P| 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 M M M N M 1197 N Tiflis Shemjikhi Ganja Shemakhi Ganja Khoi Yazd Ganja Yazd Tabriz Shiraz Mesh-hed Shiraz Tabriz Khoi Shiri'z Zands Efsharis Zands PRINCE. Ken'm Khan Khan of Ganja Keiim Khan Khan of Ganja Kerim Kluin Abu-1-fat-hKhjln Stidik Khan Shah Eukh Sadik Khan 'All Murad Khan NO. 365 369-70 371 126-7 372 373 374 375 376 I 377 331-2 333 334-5 378 420 41 379 380 421 336 381 382 383 384-6 103 1 337 338-9 340 389 390-3 394 119 120 120 243 121 121 121 121 121 121 109 109 110 121 131 I 222 122 122 131 110 122 122 123 123 237 111 111 111 124 124-5 125 395-9 I 125-6 400 I 126 401 104 341 126 237 112 342-3 112 402 I 126 422 132 423 133 425 134 426 135 316 101 424 134 427 135 428 135 429 135 430 136 INDEX OF YEARS. 283 A.H. Metal. MINT. DYNASTY. PRINCE. NO. Paga 1197 N Yazd Zands 'All Murad Khan 431 137 1198 ff Shiiaz 55 55 432 137 j> >> Kashan >) 55 433 138 M M Isfahan 55 55 435 139 5> }> Shiraz 55 5) 430-7 139 1199 )) Isfahan )) Jaa'far Khan 440-41 140-41 jj )> Shiraz 55 55 442-3 141 99 J? Isfahan Kajilrs Aka Mnhamniad Khan 44G 144 1201 ^ Shiraz Zands Jaa'far Khan 438 140 1202 >> }} 55 55 439 140 )j yfl 55 55 55 444 141 1205 iE Mesli-hed 190 259 1207 >» Ganja 180 256 1208 ^ Kerman 15 Lutf-'AIi Khan 445 142 1209 >j Kashaa Kajars Aka Muhammad Khan 447 144 )9 ^ Shiraz 5J 55 448-50 145 >? ^ Khoi 105 237 1210 M 55 55 55 451 146 1211 55 Resht J5 55 452-3 146-7 1211? iE Bandar-Abii- Sliahr 16 216 1212 ^ Shiiaz 55 BabaKhan (Fet-h-'Ali) A6Q 148 ■1212] >j Teheran 55 55 457 149 1213 M Isfahfin 55 Fet-h-'Ali 458 150 >> »j Lahijan 55 55 459 150 J) ^ Isfahan 55 55 488 160 >> 5> Teheran 55 55 489 160 1214 ^ Yazd 55 55 460 151 }) M Shiraz 55 55 490 160 )} )) Ganja 55 55 491 161 n 55 Yazd 55 55 492-3 161-2 1214? ^ Abu-Shahr 8 214 1215 yR Shiraz 55 55 494 162 JJ 5» Teheran )> 55 495 162 jj JE Ganja 181 25(i 1216 M Erivan 55 55 49() 163 ?> >} Yazd 55 >5 497 1(53 1217 )> Tabriz 55 55 498 163 1220 N » 55 55 463 152 1221 M )5 5> Jf 499 164 1221 ? JE Bandar-Abii- Shahr 19-20 216-7 1222 N Isfahan 55 55 4()4 152 )> M Resht )) 5» 500 164 3 J )9 Mesli-hed )) 55 501 164 99 M Teheran 123 242 1223 M Isfahan 55 55 502 165 » }) Kerinansliahan }) 55 503 165 284 INDEX OF TEARS. A.H. 1224 1225 1226 >•> )> 1227 1228 122a; 1230 1230 ? 1231 1232 1233 1234 >» 1235 1230 1238 1239 Metal. M M MINT. N M N M M N M M M M N M >> M M N M 1240? 1241 I M 1242 1244 N M N M Tabriz Kerman Tabriz >5 Isfahan Tabriz Erivan Isfahan Khoi Kazvin Kashan Slimiz Isfahan Tabriz Shiraz Urumi Tabriz Mesh-hed i Kermanshahan Khoi Asterabad Kermanshalijui Yazd Erivan Kazvin Resht Khoi- Kermanshahan Yazd Mesh-hed Teheran Tabriz Zenjan I Tabriz Zenjan Abu-Shahr Tabriz Hamadan Isfahan Zenjan Kashan Kermansliahan Khoi Teheran Kerinansliahan Tabriz Hamadan DYNASTY. Kajars PRINCE. Fet-h-'Ali NO. Page. 465 153 504 165 78 230 466 153 505-6 166 507 166 508 166 509-12 167 513 168 514 168 467 153 515 168 468 153 469 154 470 154 24 218 79 231 516 169 516a 169 471 154 517 169 518 170 519-20 170 42 222 521 170 109-10 238-9 472 154 473 155 474 155 522 170 523 171 80 231 475 155 476 156 524 171 477 156 9 214 83 232 525 171 526 171 527 172 528 172 529 172 107 238 478 157 530 172 ^ t79-80 157 531 173 INDEX OF TEARS. 285 A.H. 1244 1245 1246 Metal. M 1249 M M N M UlUT. JE 1249?! M \2Ax M 1250 ^ M 1251 1252 j> 1253 1254 1255 j> 1256 » 1257 1258 1259 1260 12601 1261 1262 1263 DYNASTY. M M M M JR }) M Al N }) JR Yazd Tabnz Ham ad an Yazd Kazvin Hamadan Shiraz Mesh-hed Isfahan Yazd Kerman Yazd Isfahan Teheran Urumi Kerman Erivan Resht Hamadan Teheran Mesh-hed (E1-) Yazd Tabriz Shiraz Kermanshahan Yazd " Shiraz Resht Teheran Behbehau Tabriz TaberisUin Teheran Mesh-hed Kermanshahan Teheran Mesh-hed Iran Kajars Teheran Eesht Teheran Tabriz" Teheran Mesh-hed PRINCE. Fet-h-'Ah' Muhammad NO. Page. 532 173 533 173 534 173 535 174 481 157 482 158 536 174 191 260 32 220 537 174 483 158 538-9 174-5 484 159 485 159 22 217 540 175 43-45 223 486 159 487 160 548 178 549-50 178-9 551 179 552 179 553 180 554-5 180 556 181 557 181 558 181 545 177 559 181 560 182 65-68 228 82 231 561 182 562 182 563 183 161 251 564 183 565 183 1 212 3 212 566 183 546 177 547 178 568 184 5(59 184 570-1 184 572 184 286 INDEX OF YEARS. A.H. Metal MINT. DYNASTY. PRINCE. NO. Page. 126.x ^ Iran Kajars Muhammad 576 185 1265 ^ Mesh-hed Hasan Khan Salar( Rebel) 577 186 j> }) Resht )) Nasii'-ed-din 578 187 ?> Al Tabriz }) }) 601 194 j> )} Taberistan )} )) 602 195 5) )) Teheran )) }) 603-4 195 1266 N Resht )) }f 579 187 5i M Khoi- )) )) 605 196 1267? M Abu-Shahr 6 213 1268 N Teheran Si }) 580 188 ?i jj Mesh-hed )} }} 581 188 1270 M Abu-Shahr 7 214 1272 M Asterabad )} )) 606 196 5? )) Teheran }} }) 607 197 1273 N Isfahan }) }} 582 189 )j }> Taberistan }} }) 583 189 j> Al Teheran }} S3 608-9 197 » )i Kazvin }} S) 610 197 3» )) (Medal) )) s> 2 262 1274 }} Isfahan }) >» 611 198 » )) Teheran )} >> 612-3 198 >5 )} Kazvin }) )^ 614 198 ■'5 }} Kashan )) >^ 615 199 1275 N Tabriz )} ss 584 189 57 M Teheran )} SS 616-7 199 )1 }) Kermanshahan }) ss 618 199 1276 ^ Sarakhs }) ss 585 190 3> M Asterabad }} ss 619 200 )> >> Isfahan }} ss 620 200 51 }y Teheran }} ss 621 200 1277 ^ »5 )} ss 586 190 3> M )» }) ss 622 201 J5 }> Yazd )} ss 623 201 1278 )> Mesh-hed }} ss 624 201 1279 ^ )j )) ss 587 190 » M ?» }) ss 625 201 1280? }) Resht J} ss 626 202 1281 N Mesh-hed }) ss 588 191 )j M Teheran }) ss 628-31 202-3 ,, M >> }} ss 646-7 208 1282 M Taberistan }) )y 589 191 >5 M Asterabad }} ss 627 202 1283 N' Resht }j ss 590 191 1283 M Isfahan !} ss 632 203 1284 }) J) )> ss 633 204 )> )) Kerman 634 204 1287 >j Arz-i-akdas (Mesh-hed) )} ss 635 205 INDEX or TEARS. 287 A.H. Metal, MINT. DYNASTY. PRINCE. NO. Page. 1288 M Teheran Kajars Nasir-ed-din 030-7 205 1292 » ;Xasiri (Teheran) >5 » 039 200 1293 >) (Medal) >) 3 203 1294 M Teheran j> 591 192 )» M >) 3J 040 200 1295 ^ 5> J) 593-4 192 >) M 5J >J 041 200 jj M >> )) 048-50 208 1290 N J5 » 595 193 >j M J) » 042-4 207 1297 M }■> }> 590-8 193-4 it >j (Medal) 5> 1 202 ( 288 ) II. INDEX or MINTS. MIKT. Metal. A.H. DYNASTY. PBINCE, NO. Page, 0^jj\ JR 928 Safavis Isma'il I. 13 7 Abeikuh Abu-shahr M 1122 1214? 1239 1267? 1270 12arar See j^ ^\ J jOj Bandar Abu-Shalir 4 8 9 6 7 10 5 11 12,13 14 213 214 214 213 214 214 213 215 215 215 Ardebil M Safavis Isma'il I. 17a 267 )> 1067 i> Abbas II. 38« 271 JE 1123 21 217 XJ^J^\ t^jt M 1234 Kujars Fet-h-'Alf 522 170 Arz-i-akdas >> 1287 3> Nasir-ed-din 635 205 See j^yJLA Mesh-hed INDEX OF MINTS. 289 MINT. Metal- A.H. DTNASTT. PRINCE. i NO. Pago l^-^ij' JE 122a; 24 218 Urunii >> 1249 22 23 25 217 218 218 >bt^l M Safavis Israa'fl I. 5 3 Asterabad O-i'-o^o^^jh j> Kajars Muhammad Hasan ? 415 129 ») 1232 }> Fet-h-'Ali 517 1()9 J) 1272 5» Nasir-ed-din 606 196 >> 1276 >> >j 619 200 >) 1282 » )> 627 202 >> » >> 645 207 O^A^^ M 949 Safavis Tahmasp i. 21 14 Isfahan )f 955 » <5 22 14 ^ 985 » Muhammad Khuda- bauda 27« 19 )> 987 >) a 27a* 269 997 )> 'Abbas I. 28 21 ia 1039 >) Safi (I.) 34« 25 >» 103[«] )> )5 35 25 >> 1064 )5 'Abbiis II. 366 271 >) 1082 )5 Sulainian i. 50 30 J? 1090 » )f 53 31 J) 1090? >> >» 54 31 j> 1093 )> » 56 32 j> 1096 )) >) 57 32 >> 10i)7 J) >> 61 33 >> 1099 )> » 68 9 34-. j» 109^ )) >> 71 35 }} 1104 >) j> 74 36 J5 1113 )» Husain 93 42 >> 1118 >> » 96 42 yE 1120 26-7 219 55 28-31 219 M 1121 ?> >> 97 43 9) 1123 J> >> 98-9 44 IJ 1127 102-4 105 45 46 p p 290 INDEX OF MINTS. MINT. Metal. A.H DYNASTY. PRINCE. NO. Page. O^V*-f' JR 1129 Sufavis Husain 106 46 Isfalian (continued) >5 1130 JJ JJ 109- 10a 47 ?) 1131 JJ JJ l]7-17a 49-50 JJ 1132 JJ JJ 123-5 51 51 1133 JJ JJ 129-30 52 ^ 1134 'J JJ 88 39 ^ 1135 Afghans MalimuJ 193-6 64-5 ^ 1137 J) Ashraf 198 66 i5 1140 JJ »j 199 67 /R 1140 JJ JJ 200 67 ») 1141 JJ JJ 201 67 JJ 114a; JJ II 202 68 )j )j JJ 203 68 J^ 1142 Saf'rivis Tahmasp il. 147-8 56 M 1142 JJ JJ 176-80 59-60 ^ 1145 JJ 'Abbas III. 205-6 69 M 1145 JJ JJ 208 70 >) 1146 JJ JJ 211 70 )j 1149 Efsliaris Nadir 222 74 JJ 1150 J) JJ 224-5 75 J) 1151 J) JJ 236-40 77 A^M^Ijb ^ 1152 JJ » 216-16a 73, 273 >> V 1153 <» » 217-18 73 )> M 1153 ,, j> 253 80 7 y JJ 1156 JJ JJ 260« 273 }} JJ 1157 j» >> 262 82 j» A^ 1158 JJ 219-20 74 )> M 1158 ') JJ 265 82 >> J) 1159 JJ r " 267 83 JJ 1160 ,, 'Adil Shdh 277-80 86-7 JJ 1163 Siiflivis Isma'il (ill.) 318 102 j> ^ 1167 Zaiids Kerfm Khan 323 105 7> JJ 1169 JJ j» 324 106 JJ 1169 Kajiirs Muhammad Hasan 404-5 127 JJ 1171 JJ JJ 408 128 J> M 1179 Zands Kmm Khan 355 116 J) JJ 1198 'Ah' Murad 435 139 )> JJ 1199 JJ Jaa'far 440-1 140-1 > J JJ 1199 Kajars Aka Muhammad 446 144 >> JJ j> JJ 454-5 147 >) ^ 1213 JJ Fet-h-'Ali 45S 150 >> M 1213 JJ 3> 488 160 >> ^ 1222 j> JJ 464 152 >i M 1223 JJ )J 502 165 )) JJ 1225 JJ JJ 505-6 166 » JJ 1226 jt )) 509-12 167 J> ^ 1228 JJ JJ 468 153 IKDEX OF MINTS. 291 MINT. Metal. A.H. DYNASTY. PHINCE. NO. Page. o^^-«' Isfaluin {continued) AiM^t jt^ M 1241 Kajars Fet-h-'Ali 526 171 M 1246-7 32 220 >> N 1249 >> 484 159 »» ?? >> 461 151 >> ^ Mu ham mod 573 185 j» N 1273 Nasir-ed-din 582 189 » M 1274 M 611 198 »> >> 1276 J) 620 200 >> )) 1283 >> 632 203 »> 1284 ,, >> 633 33-4 204 220 J^T vR 911? Safavis Isma'il I. 17 9 Amul O^ ^ 1260 1 212 Iran J J 2 212 jj 1260? 3 212 J> 126x See Kajars Tabriz i^, nos. nos. 646-7, Muhammad 82, 1256; Teheran M, 1281 ; 648-50, 1295. 576 185 Ols/ri' ^ 1038 Safavis Safi I. 34 24 Eli van ^] 1057 ^ 49 224 ^ 1075 >> 'Abbas II. 44 28 ^ lOfc'4 35 221 M 1104 5> Sulainii'in i. 74» 272 M 1120 36 221 M 1125 >» Husain 101 44 99 1127 5> >> 1()5« 46 ^ 1127 55 225 99 1128 56 225 9 9 1130 46 223 ii 1131 M »> 1176 60 292 INDEX or MINTS. MINT. Erivan (^contumed)\ M j.a-j j>s 1132 1133 113(5 1160 1176? 1180 1187 1216 122(5 1232 124:c lxx4 Kajars Fet-h-'Ali Borujird JE dj^tOuf) El-Basreh, Basreli JV^ 1190 Zands M 1190? Ken'm Khan Baghdad Bandar- Abu-Sliahr [10]45 1211? 1221? 50-1 224 53 225 47-8 224 37-8 221 39 222 40 222 41 222 496 163 508 166 42 222 45 223 59 226 43-4 223 54 225 57 225 58 226 60 226 337 389 61 62 16 19-20 15 17-18 111 124 227 227 216 INDEX OP MINTS. 293 MINT. Banda?', Bandar-'Abbas ? Behbehiiii Bhukkur Peshawar Tabriz Metal. JE JE JE M M M A.H. 125G 1156 1158 929 1051 1059 10(52 10(56 10(59 1070 M 1081 »i 1085 M 1087 >» 1092 ^ 1095 M 1099 1110 yi^: 1112 .il 1125 DTNASXr. Efshdris Safavis PBINCB, Nadir Ismu'il I. NO. 63-4 93 'Abbas II. 36 5J 3(5« J> 38 7J 39 5> 40 >J 47 94 71 Sulaiman I. 52 j> 55 88-9 i» 70 Husaiii 90 92 )> lOlo 65-8 69 70 273-4 274a 272 \bh 294 INDEX OF MINTS. MINT. Metal. A.H. DTNASir. PRINCE. NO. Page. >:^.'••^J 1126 73 230 Tabriz (continued) yR 1129 afavis Husain 107-8 46-7 )) 1130 5) JJ 111-lla 47-8 35 1131 >) JJ 118 50 JJ 1133 )> JJ 131-31« 52 yE 1133 90 233 .11 1134 >y JJ 134-40 53-4 1) 1134 >) Tahmasp li. 149 56 M 1134 91 233 Al 1135 !> Husain 142 54 ; J 1135 )> Tahmasp ll. 150-8 56-7 JV^ 1136 'J JJ 146 55 ^ 1136 >J JJ 160-4 57 JE 1136 74 230 Al 1137 )> JJ 165 57 ?5 1143 JJ J) 182 60 )? 1144 JJ 183 61 A^ 1146 J) 'Abbas HI. 207 70 Al 1151 Efsharis Nadir 241-2 77-8 >5 1152 JJ JJ 249 79 A^OaJUl jb )> 1153 JJ )j 254-6 80-1 1154 JJ JJ 258-9 81 J> ?^ 1158 J) JJ 266 82 ; J 1159 JJ JJ 268-9 83 51 1160 JJ JJ 270-1 83 ) ; 1160 Safavis Sam (Pretender) 275-6 85 1160 Efsharis 'Adil Shah 281 87 ?9 1161 JJ Ibialiiiii (Ali Kiza Series) 289-91 90 1162 JJ Shah Rukh 297 93 5 J 1163 JJ 1 " 302 94 J1 1168 Arg:han Azad Khan 416 130 ^ 1170 Kajars Muhammad Hasan 406 1-28 ^ 1170 J) JJ 409 128 ^ 1171 'I 75 230 ^ 1179 Zands Kerim Khan 356 116 M 117u^ 76 230 yj M 1181 JJ J) 359 117 55 )) 1182 JJ JJ 364 118 ff 53 1183 JJ JJ 372 121 }5 1184 JJ JJ 375 121 55 ^ 1185 j> j> 331-2 109 55 51 1187 JJ JJ 333 109 59 M 1187 J) JJ 378 121 55 >J 1188 JJ JJ 379 122 55 5 J 1194 JJ Sadik 425 134 99 ' „ 1195 j> JJ 427 135 INDEX OF MINTS. 295 MINT. Metal. A.H. D"E NASTY. PRINCE. NO. Page. >:fr*J Tabriz {coniiiiiied ) A;JaJLJijb M 1217 KiVars Fct-h-'Ali 498 163 II iV 1220 >> ;) 463 152 )) M 1221 )) J) 499 164 >> Jl 1224 >> >> 465 153 JE 1224 78 230 >> M 1225 >> )J 466 153 >) M 1225 ') >» 507 166 >> M 1228 » )> 469 154 M 1230 79 231 J5 1235 80-1 231 >; A^ 1236 „ >i 475 155 » M 1238 >> »> 524 171 JE 1239 83-5 232 jj 1240 86-7 232 )> J^ 1244 if » 479-80 157 )9 M 1245 )> 55 533 173 >) 51 1252 >» Muhammad 552 179 ^ 1256 82 231 Jy M 1263 >> » 569 184 f 9 J? 1265 J> Nasir-ed-din 601 194 >J 1275 >> j> 584 72 77 189 229 230 j_^*Xaj JE 1014 95-6 234 Tillis ?> 1075 97 235 ^ 107« Sufavis 'Abbas II. 45 28 5> >) ?> 46 28 JJ 1107 j> Husain 89 40 JJ 1130 91 >> 112-2a 48 J> 1131 » >> 119-21 50 >) 1133 >> >> 132 53 >) 1134 5» >> 141 54 )> )> j> 143 54 JE 1148 98-9 235 M 1150 Efsliaris Nadir 226 75 >> 1152 >j )' 250-1 79 j> 11()2 )> Il)r!ihim 286 89 )) Udv M Shiih iiukh 300-7 95 99 11/0 }» ^, 315 100 >> 1182 Zaiids Kerim Khan 366-8 119-20 296 MINT. Metal, a. If. Till IS ■' {continued)} ,, 1183 1181 1189 1190 Tui M INDEX OF MINTS DYNAST r Zands PBINOE. Ken'm Klian NO. 3G5 373 37G 381 390-3 100 Page. 119 121 121 122 124-5 236 Tim? 101-2 236 ^ i^ \ N \ 1172 Arajj mint Huvvaiza ^ 1017? Safa 1054 1072 i 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 iTavis 'Abbas I. Abbas II. Sulaiman i. 325 106 32 23 33 24 48 29 49 29 77-8 37 79-81 37 82 38 83 38 84 38 85 38 86-7 38 Klioi ^ 1189 M I 1189 1191 Zands Ken'm Khan 336 103 104 110 237 237 INDEX OF MINTS. 297 MINT. Metal. Khoi (continued) U^l J'> Deiiuivencl Dehli Resht JJ'<-' ' J !ijb N' M M M m jE A.H. /R yR yR /R yE 1192 1195 1209 1210 122() 1232 1234 1241 1266 dVnasty. Zands Kajiirs Safavis PKINCE. Keriin Kluin Sadik Aka Muhammad Fet-li-Ali Nasir-ed-din Isma'il I. See ^[j\ oV> *'•-' Shahjehanabad Safavis 1098 1132 1139 1145 1161 1166 1170 11781 1181 1190 1211 1222 1233 1250 1255 1255 1262 1265 1266 1280 1283 Efshaiis Safavis Kiijars Zands Kajiirs Tall m asp i. Sulaiman i. 67 Huaain 127« Tahmasp li. 167 'Abbas III, 209 Shah Rukh (All Ri?a 309 Series) Isma'il (ill.) 319 jNIuhammad Hasan 410 Keiim Klian 354 a 5) 3(50 ?J 338-9 Aka Muhammad 452-3 FeVh-'Ali 500 109-10 )> 48(5 Muhammad 545 >) 55<) >> 54() Nasir-ed-din 578 >) 579 >» • 62(5 >i 590 111 NO. 341 428 105 451 513 471 472 107 605 106 17« 108 24ri () ii 208 INDEX OF MINTS. MINT. Ku'ijush Zenjan ^arakhs Sari Sultaniya Siiid Sa-laj Bulagh Metal. A.II. M N M M M 1030 1034 1230 1239 1241 iV 1276 DYNASTY. Kajars 1157 1158 Safa\ Efsharis PHlNCE. Fet-h-'Ali Nasir-ed-din Muhammad Khu- dabanda Isma'il I. Nadir NO- 112 113 476 477 527 585 27b 27c 263 266fl 114 INDEX OF MINTS. 299 MINT. Metal. A.H. DYNASTY. PIITNCE. NO. Page. ibt^l^p-ilw ShahjehaiJilbdcl AS-lili^Jljb M 1152 Efsharis Nadir 252 80 ^^ M 1110 117-8 241 Shemakhi j> 1117 115 240 )5 1120 116 240 M 1189 Zands Keri'm Klidn 382 122 }) 1190 5> 55 394 125 >j 1 191 55 55 400 126 j> 119x 5> 55 403 126 j^j-t^ N 922 Safavis Isma'il I. 2 2 Shiraz JR 928 53 5> 14 7 JSl 1097 119 241 5> 120 241 M 1150 Efsliaiis Nadir 214 72 M 1150 5> 55 227 76 5> 1151 5) 55 243 78 J) 1102 55 Shah Rukh 298-9 93-4 >^)ljt:» ?> 1174 Zands Kerim Kiian 347 114 ^ 1176 J5 » 328-30 108 ^ 1176 55 95 350-2 115 J> 1177 >) )) 354 115 J> 1181 J5 J) 361 118 55 1194 J) Sadik 426 135 ^ 1195 J) 5) 424 134 m 1195 5) 15 429 135 ^ 1197 55 'Ah' Muiad 430 136 55 1198 5J )j 432 137 ^l 1198 55 55 43(5-7 139 >5 1199 >5 Jaa'far 442-3 141 ^ 1201 >> 55 438 140 )5 1202 5> 55 439 140 M 1202 )) 55 444 141 5) 1209 Kajars Aka Muhaniniad 448-50 145 }> 1212 5> BaVi Kh;ii)(Fct-h- 'Ali) 45(5 148 >> >> 1214 )) Fet-h-'Ali 490 160 300 IKDEX OP MINTS. MINT. ifetnl. A. 11. DYNASTY. PKINCE. NO. P.lgC. jt^AW Sliiraz {conlinucd) ^^*!ljli M 1215 Ktijilrs Fet-h-'Ali 494 162 3) 3> 1-227 33 33 515 108 J> A^ 1228 33 35 470 154 3J /ll 124() 35 53 530 174 }J 3> 1252 35 Muhammad 553 180 ») '3 1254 35 55 558 181 JJ >> 35 5> 574 185 W.;l^J "djlcirOlj.-O yR 117G Zands Ken'm Khan 353 115 Arniy-iuiiit ^U^^aIs Tabei'istiui i^XJIjb /R 1257 Kcijars Muhammad 561 182 >i 33 1265 S3 Nasii--ed-din 602 195 >) N 1273 55 5) 583 189 >> 33 1282 53 55 589 191 oW^ yE 1143 122 242 Teheran ^l 1179 Zands Ken'm Khan 357 116 33 1181 55 55 362 118 33 [1212] Kt'ijars BabaKhan(ret-h-'Ali) 457 149 AjaX-Jljb 53 1213 35 Fet-h-'Ah' 489 1(50 )> 33 1215 53 >s 495 102 >j iV !» 55 462 151 .-E 1222 123 242 Ai^lLaJtJli ^R 1235 53 55 523 171 )j N 1242 35 )5 478 157 3J 35 1249 35 35 485 159 13 yR 1250 35 Muhammad 548 178 33 J3 1255 S3 53 560 182 53 3^ 1 J 1258 1259 53 35 55 !S 562 564 182 183 >> 1201 35 53 6m 183 >» Jv 1202 55 35 547 178 J3 .R 1202 53 5) 568 184 33 1203 J) 55 570-1 184 !> J' 120d7 SI 55 507 183 INDEX OF MINTS. 301 MINT. Metal A.H. DYNASTY. PBINCE. NO. Page. O'/V^ Teheran (roiifiitued) *i^lL^iJI jl^ M 1265 Kajars Niisir-ed-din 603-4 195 » xV 1268 >) )j 580 188 jj yR 1272 >> » 607 197 j> »> 1273 >) >) 608-9 197 ?> )) 1274 )) 5) 612-3 198 )) !) 1275 5J >> 616-7 199 J) )> 1276 )> )) 621 200 j- i\^ 1277 5J JJ 586 190 5> yR 1277 )> JJ 622 201 )5 1281 >) JJ 628-31 202-3 .E 1281 )> JJ 646-7 208 ?5 yR 1288 >) JJ 636 205 51 )» 1288 1 )> JJ 637 205 3> .V 1294 5> JJ 591 192 M 1294 J» J J 640 206 N 1295 }) JJ 593-4 192 J) M 1295 >> JJ 641 206 M 1295 ) J J J 648-50 208 N 1296 J J JJ 595 193 M. 12^6 99 J J 642-4 207 N 1297 53 JJ 596-8 193-4 5) 12a'a; >J Niisi i-i 592 599 124 192 194 242 C>d«>5 ? A\ Safavis Isnia'il I. 18 10 Kazvin N 987 J J Muhammad Khudabanda 27fl** 269 JJ 989 JJ JJ 27o*** 270 ?) JJ 'Al.bas I. 29 22 yR l()a;a; ?J Sulainian i. 75 36 M 1114 130 244 M 1130 J J Husain 113 48 M 1130 125 243 A\ 1131 )) JJ 122 50 3J 1132 JJ JJ 128 52 N 1134 JJ Taliiiiasp II. 145 5r^ M 1135 JJ JJ 159 57 ^j 1145 J J 'Al»l)i'is III. 210 70 i >j 1161 Efsliaris Shall Kills h ('Ali Riza Scri(;y) 310-1 96 302 INDEX OF MINTS. MINT. Metal. A.n. DYNASTY. PKINCE. NO. Page. 0-i3Jf M llGo; Efshdris Ibrahim 308 95 Kazviu (continued) AJsJUIjb )S 11G2 >» 288 89 ?„ ril63] Safavis Sxilaimdn ii. 314 99 ?5 -1167 Zands Keiim Khan 326-7 107 M 1182 126-7 243 55 la;x3 128 243 it M 1226 Kajars Fet-h-'Ali 514 168 >> V 1233 5) 55 521 170 »> i\r 1246 55 55 481 157 j> yR 1273 55 Nasir-ed-din 610 197 55 55 1274 55 55 614 198 5) 55 12^8? 55 55 638 205 {sic^^^)^s M Safavis Tahmasp i. 25 16 Kuinm jl&J^ M 957 145-7 247-8 Kandaluir 5J 1058 131-2 244 55 1059 137 246 55 1080 138-9 246 55 1082 140-2 246-7 55 1083 143 247 55 1085 134 245 55 1086 135-6 245 55 1097 155 249 55 1107 133 245 M [1135-7] Af^'liiuis Mahimul 197a 273 5> 1150 Ettiliaris Nadir 228-30 76 ^E 144 247 5) 148 248 )5 149 248 5? 150-1 248-9 55 152-3 249 55 '5 5 154 156 157-8 249 250 2.50 I:NDEX of MIXT3. 303 MINT. Metal. A.H. DYNASTY. PRINCE. NO. Page. o{^\^ yU 928 Safavis Isina'il I. 15 8 Kasliun ^ 11111 1(32 252 M 1130 >> Husain 114-4o 48 ^ 1132 163 252 }> 1137 104 252 5> IIGO? 165 253 O-i^-o^^ jh ^11 1174 Zands Kerim Khan 348 114 5) J^ 1198 j> 'Ali Murad 433 138 )) }) 55 55 434 138 >J 1209 Kiijars Aka Muhammad 447 144 )) 5> 1227 15 Fet-h-'Ali 467 153 )> ^ 1241 >5 55 528 172 }> 7» 1274 55 Nasir-ed-din 615 166 167 199 253 253 OUj^ Kerman Ol^'^JIjb yR 1188 Zands Kerim Khan 380 122 >> 55 1189 55 55 383 123 1 J N 1208 55 Lutf-'Ah' 445 142 M 1224 Kajars Fet-h-'Ali 504 165 >> ^r 1248 5> 55 483 158 M 1249? '! 55 540 175 J5 >> 1284 55 Nasir-cd-din 634 204 ^UliJU^£3 M 1172 160 251 Kermanshahan ojJb M 1223 Kajars Fet-h-'Ali 503 165 )> JE 1231 55 55 516« 1(59 a3jjJIjI3 M 1232 55 55 518 170 )j N 1234 5> 55 473 155 J? A\ 1241 55 55 529 172 j> ,j 1242 >> 55 530 172 »> )5 12o2 55 IMuhaniiiiad 554-5 180 )> >> 1253 55 5) 556 181 ^ 1258 161 251 )> M VZxx 55 55 575 185 >» 1275 55 Nasir-cd-din 618 159 199 250 304 INDEX OF MINTS. Ganja Labor Lahijan Metal /R M M JE yR JE M M JE N 1086 1103 1105 1100 1100 1110 1116 1123 1132 1149 1151 1154' 1158 1 1163 1176 1177 1178 1181 1182 1184 1187 1188 1189 118a; 1190 1191 ? 1192 1207 1214 1215 DYNASTY. 1151 1139 1213 Safa Efshavis Zands Kajars Efshiii'is Safavis Kajars PEINCE. Sulaiman i. Husain Nadi Shah Rukh Khiin of Ganja Kerlm Khan >> Khan of Ganja )) Ken'm Khan Fet-h-'Ali Nadir Talimasp it. Fet-h-'AlI 51 73 74^ 168 177-8 90a 179 170 173-4 169 244 260 175 303 417 418 419 171 369-70 377 420 421 384-6 176 395-9 401 402 180 491 181 172 215 168 459 IXUKX OF MINTS. 305 MINT. 3>* Merv Mazeij derail Metal ]\Ifsh-lie(l .■JkA.« t^^ M M M M A\ lY. A.H. [9|]5 1138 1138 1139 1140? 1141 1142 1143 1144 1159 1103 11()() 11()7 1170 1171 1173 1175 .11 970 1124 1130? 113<) 1140 1141 >5 1143 114.r N 1148 A\ 1148 1141) 1150 jy 1151 1151 n 1153 DYNASTY. Safa> Safavis Kajdrs Zands Safavis Ei;i. PRINCE. Isma'il I. Tahniasp ii. „ (*Ali Ivizaser.) „ or Abbas in. ( „ ) Sulaiinan ii. Isnia'il III. Muhammad Hasan Kenra Khan Tahmasp i. Hiisaiii Tahniii =)) II. NO. ,, ('All Kiza ser, or Abbas iii. ( „ („ 'Abbas in. Nadir 10 9 IGG 182 lG8a 1845 174 181 184-5 191 187 313 320 321-2 411-2 413-4 344-5 349 340 183 18G 23-4 100 115 109-71 172-3 175 18(5-90 192 213 213« 223 231-5 245 24() ')-,7 11 11 306 IJJDKX OF MINTS. MINT. Metal. A. 11. DYNASTY. I'lUNCls. NO. Page. ^V--^ Mcsh-bed (continued) ^j.iL<> .^.^^J:^ yR 1156 Ei'sliaris Nddir 261 82 7? >' >j 1157 55 , 55 264 82 >) 1160 55 'Adil Shah 282-3 87 )> 1161 J) 55 284 88 79 99 1161 55 Shah Rukh 293 92 51 1161 55 „ ('All Rizaser.) 312 97 >) 1162 55 5> 295-6 92-3 >) 1162 ) 5 55 300-1 94 >' ?' ») 1163 55 )5 304 95 9> 5? »1 II65 55 J? 305 95 99 J? iVT 116[l-3] J5 292 91 zR 1195 55 >? 316 101 ?J J? )) 55 55 317 101 99 9 J JE 1205 190 259 99 9J M 1222 Kajjirs Fet-h-'AIi 501 164 9) 39 >' 1230 1 55 55 516 169 yE 1246 191 260 ^>i^l^,^.-i^ yR 1251 5» Muhammad Shah 549-50 178-9 ^_^^.o j>yL^ J5 1258 1 5 >> 563 183 1? >) 5) 1260 55 >> 565 183 >5 '5 5' 1263 55 5> 572 184 jj M iV^ 1265 Hasan Khan Salar,llebel 577 186 9' 9) 55 1268 5 5 Nasir-ed-din 581 188 }) y^ M 1278 5» 55 624 201 1} >J N 1279 5 5 55 587 190 '» J? M 1279 55 5> 625 201 VuOjJt J^^,J^.O N 1281 J» >5 588 191 (^«>A« »X^^ JE 188 259 >5 )) »> 189 259 «• )> 55 See U^^S' L^'j' Arz-i-akdiis. 192-3 260 o'>^*^. Al 1097 Safavis Siilaiman i. 62-5 33-4 Ncikhchuvdn >5 1101 > 5 55 72 35 5 J 1130 55 Husain 116 49 5; 1133 >> 51 133 53 5 J 1182 Zands Kerim Khan 371 120 '> 1183 >> 55 374 121 ibb^li /R 1151 Efsliaiis Nadir 247-8 79 Nadirabad INDEX OF MIMTS. 307 MINT. Metal Nasiri NImroz Herat A,UaJLJt jlj Hamadan Yazd yR /R M M M M N N M >» N A.H. 1292 DYNASTY. 916 927 1134 lie; 938 1054 1097 1240 'i. 1244 1245 1246 1250 1170 1179 1181 1187 1190 1192 1193 1194 1197 1214 Kajars PRINCE. Nasir-ed-din See (JW* Teheran. 912 Safaris 928 Safavis Efsharis Safavis Kajars Kajiirs Ziinds Isma'il I. Kajars Isma'il I. Tahmasp i. 'Adil Shah Shah Rukh Tahmasp i. Sulaiman i. Fet-h-'Ali NO. 639 \2b 26 194 285 294 20 MiiIuiniiiKid Iliisuii 407 Kcriin Khan 358 11 3(53 >i 334-5 » 340 342-3 Abu-1-Fet-Ii 422 Sii.lik 423 'All Miirad 431 Fet-h-'Ali 460 195 66 525 531 534 482 487 Paffe. 206 12a 265 15a 308 INDEX OF MINTS. MINT. Metal. A.n. DYNASTY. PRINCE. NO. Page. ^M Yazd (roJtfinued) d^UjtJI j\^ /R 1214 Kajiirs Fet-h-'Ali 492-3 161-2 ?> ? J j^ 1216 J) >> 497 163 7? 99 yi 1232 »5 » 519-20 170 ?) 99 ^ 1234 J> )' 474 15^5 ?? ?' ^ 1244 >« » 532 173 ?9 ? ' J9 1247 )5 >» 537 174 >5 7' 99 1248 >» »> 538-9 174-5 ?J ? > •J J> J' 541 175 J? 19 >? 1251 )> Muhammad 551 179 55 1253 ?> i? 557 181 ?? 5> i: 1277 )> Nasir-cd-din 623 196 201 261 II. A. TITLES OF MINTS. TITLE. MINT. >>U1 tHJ.5t c^j' [j^V-^1 ^ys\ i^j' [ .> ] 3'^JUl >l Oj^OJ , d^-CtJI duJa »*jJ.J 0'->-c^ aa-J J^s*-*- ob>H^ (J^V^I J»> J^^ji) O^*^' j'^ o^A (o^<^'^>" j'^ V) ^•^liJI jb 0'.^vJ- >> >» (^^^i) iLI jly<>.oLi aJ^j^H jt^ ^l&LiJL*^^ (;j5^-~" ,b V^^.^^) 6>a— M jb u'>=^-'J A^KJU! jb OV^' >i >' j^>^^ >» " oW^ 11 >) U>:!5P 310 TITLES OF MINTS. MINT. O^-^^o^^ jb TITLE. The entries enclosed in parentheses are from Frsehn, Opuse. Post, i., p. 353. III. INDEX OF NAMES. dli ,<^l^l 28G, 288 -^;a)I ^A 422 ^flia^JI ^A see J.;3L«,-wl (i. II.), O^J***"*"; w-wl^o^ (it.), iljT 41 G opi 198, 199 oU, ^j.^1 200—204 J-a^^wl (i.)— J;a««wt oli >ko)l ^A ^)iyi ^^^gi J^IJCII JiUJt^lkJL-.)! ^^;*-s^l ^^k^)\ ^Ift. jilyj 17«, 18 J^Ol^l Oli j.AjiMJI ^.1 ^l_^l ^^V' J^^^' J^^l O^^J^~J' ^^i-aJI u^j^V 4,5,0,7,8,9,11 Jj*«wl oli ji^^\ ^\ Jiyi ^iV' J"*^^JI Ji^«J' u^J*J^' eli Js*«-^ o^JL. j_,)yt ^:,\^\ J^ljJl J^UJI ^UaJL>)| jiV^ J-»*-l «Li >Ji^t ^1 i^jbly)! J^b3l JiUJ! o^J^n (^^a^cill ^li. 1'5, 15o 12*, 12a 312 INDEX OF NAMES. (S)^^j^ '»^-i (^) '^-^ (J'"^ J^^r! J^«-»-' «'^ u''^^'' 1^^ j^^i,A)l J-jS-o-wl dli 16 J-Jto-I (II.)— pp. Ixvii., Ixxviii. J-;a«.wl (hi.)— J^A^\ ^i^J3 ^d'-i 'ojJ^ 318— 322 ^Ul see j-a.su>., L~ji\ ^Xc, (^>y.=»-o ^U Lb jUaJUl 4-30-7 ^jL) see jt..o-:)^-« dl^^lj see djt.ijl^^ ^.oA...« jjl*. ji^J see J.A«-j-.»-, ^olw, ^l«-J-; (i.), chW* (i.) t^Wt (ii.) (S) 'i^>^ ''^ (9 -"^•'^ ^^'^ J-i*^--' (i-) z JiUftll ^a»- J>^^ see Invocations j*^^-* O^ O—*" '"^^^ J^=»~« Mottoes INDEX OF NAMES. 313 OUaJUl j.iIi«JI ^1 ^1^1 J^liCll ^^Vl J^IaII o'-i*J^i 9(5 ^_^;.-afc. C-J*93 ^'-^ *ojk^j 88, &C. ^j-»». ^IJftX^ ^^A*-03.<^JI j.A^! w-«.i.^ 89 — O-j, 144. See Disticlis c ^UaJ — )l s''' ^;Atjjl, ,J.^a.c-~'l (f-)' ^'■.■'> O-^— *■> r-J *^-^> ijUaJi~( as part <>l iiaiiic, .sw- ^^ .«i>., d^o'^o. wX.o.=w..« 8 S 314 INDEX OF NAMES. ^jV(fA^ 57, 71. See Distichs Jtj ^lo«»X-» 313 ^1 aVi — 4.^U, o^^-J' 293, 295, 29G, 304, 305 Lo, o^^T ^,JL£5 ^^Ali 204, 297—303, 306-308, 315. See Distichs. ^j.ftU. 292. ^'ee Distichs [dli] ^^aU, o^V^ o^^J^*"* v-^^ -'^lf>, 317. ,SV/^ Disticlis a\ti, A.W passim jj>jjJI dlw see Ufi>jJI ^-Xfi jjUj.) s.^».\.^ see (^jiy«.)l jk.o-=^-« ^li. ^3^'■*^ ^^^ Invocations ^^i-aJI see J.*a<^~»I (i), J- >6^l.c jjla. jl c*->t dl.ii 34a ^Lo see ^i-tf (I.) ^^a.o (ll.) — see ,jUJL«» j^fi-o Introd., p. Ixxix. See Distichs INDEX OF NAMES. 315 U^ (1.)- w.wUyJs jkH^] ^\ ^)]^\ ^^V' J^^^' J>^^ o^J=^^' [jiV] wwUvia di.i j^ii^i ^iVJi j^ioi [j^uJi o^^*J^''] ^"^Ivc ^^i~oJI o^ 10, 22 ^wUi> [d]U; ^J>J^J\ ^\ i^^VI J^U:)! J>la)l O^JaU)! OU. jiV^ 25, 2G 20 ^^.«ak.)l (^aLoJI 27 ^^A-sJt (^.^v^oJI ^iJi^Jl 23, 24 dU; wwlfryis 19 (Countermark) ^JIj »»*wloi^ 145, &c. ^6'e Disticlis olij J^l^ sec oli ^<''^*> LijJI At IJisticlis JiUJt see Js*.o-'l (i.), O-s-**-* v^W^ ('•) olw t^l-r^ ^.ftla») I ^j\ 28 j^ljc vl^^j'^j «^ ^«JtU 29 — 33 316 INDEX Of NAMES. ,,^Uc (rr.) — ^jU (.^Lc J3(), &c. AS'ee Distichs ^jlj j^r'Uc kc- s.^^ 47. /See Disiiclis t^Ut c-j*i'3 oli ^4jk.-j 48, 49 ^_^^Lc (in.) — Ji^A».l-a iV^ «^lj i.^l,*c ,_^». ^J.Js- 205 — 212. »S'ee Disticlis «lw ^ke- s^ee t>\^ J.slt and Lo;.)! jj}\ ^'-'^•c (0^0 CyJ ijXc see Distichs, Iiivocutions Li) ^'■'^ is^^ see Distichs ^k^ see Distichs, Invocations Loj >6UI .see Distichs and Mints, jky-i.« l-cj see Distichs ^lwlj.&. ^laAw see Distichs. loj le-'^'O 15^^ O^i 'i'-^ s^^ Distichs OW- J ^-J' (^lj*.Ift-8 see Distichs jjltt. itj>.o ,Xc S(?e Invocations. __ t ^\ ^j.y< j^^^ >>UI ^'^U 27.^ 27a*, 27a**, 27a.*** See ^A-3 yo'^c 34a. >SVe ,<*>^ (i ) ZjT wJlls ^^.t ^j ^J^vo-^i 23, 24. ^^e ^.wU^J^(i.) ^1 w-^HJ^ ^jl ^Xc ^e'liJ.C 27/', 27c. See oji.ol^d. J*<^a*~« -A^ia^Ii ,s'ee blj jUl5 d'o ^Xx=^:s ^ILXJt (^j) ^.1 ^IkX-Jt 403—475, 501—524, 542—544 I>'DEX OF XAME3. 317 J Vis oli ^JUa^;:s o^J^^J^I 458— 4G2, 488—490, 492—500, 541 oli ^^xai^ jjUaJL-JI 477 o\ij ^^Xxa^ ^UaJLw 47(5 0'>,a-U _5^-^ Ai ^JUs^Jii 478—480, 525—539 OUw;>i^ j^wi. Ai j^Xa=^;:s 481—483, 485-487, 540 «lw ^Jijia»J3 484 J^UJI see Joa«.-jl (i.), 0-*-~o-, wwU-^ (i-) vjlii. ^^^ see Mottoes, Invocations loj jjULwl w«A^ see- -;.j dLi ^Iwl^^ ^UaAw ^--^^ see »-j dli ^Js- w*.^£3 see u^Ut (ii.) J j.Aa^ ^j j-)jii.JaJ 445 ^^)^^)l 27^ 27c 27a*, 27a**, cf. 27« ^LJaJ~[-JI dUiJib (j^^s*.* J^..s*.>« yc>UI^'^L^ ^.;^oJI 27«*** [151] s^e Dii^tichs 318 INDEX OF NAMES. «li j^^i^^ see Mottoes ^jl«». ,j^-«»- j^-o-s"'^ see Distichs jSj{^e>. ijj<.a»-« dli 193 — 190, 197a. See Distichs jti^^ dlw .>3"0-s>--« 197. See Distichs ^j.y« j^=^.« »UI 27a, 27a*, 27a**, 27«*** jjUpl ^^&.l-£> jja-j vo^' see Distichs ^UjJI w'Ch.l^ .see Distichs, Invocations O jil3 o^i=^J^JI 215, 216a, 224—230, 236—244, 246—249, 251, 417—421. ^!jA*s^lo j^U o^*^ *^ 216, 217—220, 245, 250, 252 — 272. See Distichs 0!>i' J^^ 221—223, 231—235. ^ee Distichs jtsfcli dli ^jjJI j^Vj ^UJsu».!I (^j) ^jI ^UaA,.JI 578, &c. jUls ol.i; o-i-^' J'^^ O^^^-" 588 (in Tughra), 593—595, 597-599, 606, 628—631, 640, 642—644, Med. 1. oli, ^.j.)l^-oU o^J*J^'l 592, 607—609, 611—614, 621, 622 jUls oU. o-i J.JI ;.^U ^s^-N)! o^5la^)t^ x^lafr'i'l O^^-^' 596 oli..JkU( v>jjw)l j.-oU Med. 2. 3 jC,>V' ^^'^ t)«*'*-~'' (!•)> O^**"*"' >^<»'Wv^ (i>) III. A. INDEX OF DISTICIIS. f^». 4>ji^j ->'^ jj j^ A-^~' O^'j^ J' Tiil)m;isp IT., 'All Riza, 184-92 ^-^j ^-^>-o j^Xjt ^i dlw i'jk^tj Oj-aJ 'Alil);'is in., 'Ali Iliza, 21 '3, •213a »>'i«-j wjIJLsT J.J i^jj;,! *4jCwj Oj-w Asliiaf, 198-9 jkwLt (jUjJI s_-^a-U3 caCw Aka Muhammad, 454-5 Ij^l^ft.^ jl oi^^ ^I^jI c^)^^ (^) ajb [3^] Shah Eukh, 292 (jk<.sw-« ^UftJLw ^v^ 's)tj A^ Sultan Muhammad, Iiitrod., ]i. Ixxxi. L^ ^j C^^A.« jl dJC^ jj,_j Muliiimmad Hasan, 404 — 15 LojJI i_5~'3^ isj-i^) O-i v<^>»W -A^l^^ Muhammad, 440 jJlj j_j-jLc ^Xc w^A^a Ijwi. j^jO^j 'Abbas II,, 47 ^jlj ^Lc j_^(». jJaS^ jI jj 'Abbas II., 30 — 40 ^U >^^l(f^is Jo. J;Sy Jl :j Talimasp ii., 145 — 183 OW^ O^s'^ ■^J JJ >^ «^'!>i*- '-1-^— w Sulaimau i., 57, 71 320 INDEX OF DISTICIIS. j^— iLj oV^ J-> >c*-' 3 j) ^^ Ken'm Khan, 323, 320 j^ ib ^jlcji\ s^e^Ls 'aS ' Aka Muhammad, 448-50 jwLi jjL-iJ Ij^s-j 3 jj ^ Aka Muhammad, 447 jkwl.j ^L*j,JI w-^lo 'A.5C-^ Azad, 41G ol ; ^ i!i A_.SC.w j^-.*j i^ Ashraf, 200-202 jL jlr^ pA 5C__*j j.i ^_^ jj,j Asliraf, 203, 204 i^iU ^Lft (^'~~* J^*^j) (^,Jlj.ija.U3 'AJilw j(J j:!'* 0-i~*^ (jtJal-j A^w Husain, Introd., p. Ixxx, L.O, >6Ut 'd-C^ jji wslj s-l^j Ibruhim ('All Riza), 289—91 (Cwl ^U5 IjU jt jT 3 j^Ac Isma'il ii., Introd., p. Ixxvii. ijt^ljD^lo j^iO ..i>.JU u-'-t^ (i-«- JJ^ 'Abbiis III., 205—212 ^jLL. ^^ ^y,^ 3 ,>;.«; OU:!' ji^ Nadir, 214, 221-23, 231-33 .0 ^l^o. [dli] ^j.Alio ^\^\j6. ^^h.).^ ^\^ Shah Ruld), 310, 317 INDEX OF DISTlCnS. 321 w^ULit O^L-, >-CiV»- ^>**^ ^'-^ Mahmud, 193-G, 197a *LiiL. j..«^l c-.t..^ OW^ ^iJUU ^jlj Ahmad, Introd., p. Ixxxii. tjui. ^„5Ca^ oV^ J^ >J *^ [''^OfJ-S, 315 L-ij o^-^'i' -*' ^ ^''^^'^ ^"^^'' '^'^■*' 297-303, j[JLiJ\yi "N)! ^*-» •)) j^yx 'n)I ^^^JLs •n) Tahmasp it., Introd., p. Ixxx. oU» .^^KjAl^t J^yt OW *^:'^j>»- 5*** Ibrahim, 286, 288 OV^ ^Uji ^3iCs>.~c tj^ ^-"as jl C-io Sulaiman i., 68 oL*iJI ^o."u J^. ^U,r^j:w j! Ken'm Khan, 324-5, 328-30, jjv_*H. W.O-WJ t^^j ^v-«i A-^-w J. 334_5,:338-52,354-5,3o() ()5, 369-72,374. 377,380, 383 5, 387-8 ; Abu-1-Fet-h, 422 ; Sadik, 42:3-4, 426, 428-9 ; 'Ali Murad, 431, 433-37; Aka Muhammad, 452-53, ^JLc j>Lj ouJftJL, '- ^ .■ 'AdilShah ('All Risja?), 277-85 j.B.v.ty. ^ ^.v. fl.la3 Liitf-'Ah', 445 ^j.-^ ^UoJL/ (>i.UjJI ^-^1 wJl£» oW ji Husain, 89-95, 144 jJ^\s. oU, i>^,a^.* 'AiL- JLi-jj Mahmud, 197 w-'>^ O^ b*-' 0"<>--'-> *^ J^^!»^>A Na§ir-ed-din, Med. 1. T T 322 INVOCATIONS. — MOTTOES. OW Oi^*^*^ ^ C)^aL^ c— a [252-72 Oy^a-Up pU ^UU, dl t, Nadir, 216-20, 245-8, 250, oU 3 j^.« c>ib O^?- tJ'^J (S) L^ij >}3J^J^ Sulaiman ii., 314 III. B. INVOCATIONS. jJ.>l^M ^A^ ^Lel b Jaa'far Khan, ^assm OUjJI v-o-U Ij Kerim Khan, 382, 386, 394—403 JLc b 'Ah' Murad, passim. See Miscellaneous In- scriptions, pJI LJ^ ^U lojJI j^.w^ ^ (^ L| Shall Rukh (Ali Riza), 309—312 ^jj,£s Ij Ken'm Khan, passim, Sadik, passim, Se6 Mottoes, yrt}^ 5* j..o-3»«o L) Aka Muhammad Khan, passim III. 0. MOTTOES. LJI A.i-;A.Ui Muhammad Shah, piassim aA) S>a)l Feth-'Ali, 458, &c. aJJ JULJI Babii Khan (Fet-h-'Ali), 456 ^ij^ 5* Keii'm Khan, 328, 328rt (from ^^j 5A ,^ b joij^ <'Vj)' '^'^6 Introd., p. Ixxxix. ^-oUI ^ Nasir-ed-dui, Med. 3 ( 323 ) IV. MISCELLANEOUS INDEX. A)Jt ^)^ ^\ji AA.JI J^^j ^^s^^ 4J.JI *j\ a) I N) passim aJI ^i$ ^fi cJJI j^J j.^s^.0 aJUI -n)! aJI -n) 30, 32, 33, 320 AiJI J^wj j^,a^ ail -N)! a)1 "n) (Afghans) 193-9, 203-4, 41(i ^^^jXc kX«-a»..« 15^ i_5'**'3"* ^**^ J.iO-s»"« lS"^* O'-**'*' O"**"*" l5'^ jk«a»..« O"****" P<^<^sim (order varied) 47 cf. 18&, G51 c5^ Ij ^i^^i ^i^e- Lj ^^)^J 15, C52 ^,JLc jjU^c j.«£ jiCj Ijl (Afghan), 197a AJUaJu 3 d5CX^ i^-^*^ ''^^^ '■>'^ '') 20 AJUftJL, 3 .iCJuj AJJI j^JLa. 2, 5, 8, 9, 12, 12*, I6,a 17, 17a, 21, 2o, 90, 002 A^U 596 ^*jj 631, 640, 644 j^i ;!jv^ 629—643 jloi 0.. 630 jUji 0. 646, 648, 649 jloi po 647, 650 ^Ij Mesh-hed, 260. See also Distichs, Adil Shah, ijtjjl 3 4JI> Ji.o.a><« <^l»4 ^'j u^>^ 576. ( 325 ) VI. INDEX OF TYPES. Antelope, running. — Kandahar, 145 — 149. Ape. — Erivan, 65, 56. B. Bird.— Urumi, 24 ; Borujird, 60 ; Baghdad, 62 ; Khoi, 107 Boar (?) and lion. — Kermfinshahan, 160. Bull, humped.— Tabriz, 88-91. Bull, humped, on fish. — Tabriz, 92. C. Camel. — Erivan, 53; Kandahar, 140-3. Cock. — Erivan, 58. Dragon. — Urumi, 23. Duck.— Ganja, 180. D. E. Eagle, devouring partridge? — Hamadan, 195. Elephant.— Erivan , 49—52 ; Tabiiz, 93 ; Tui, 100 ; Tira ? 102. Elephant with Driver. — Kermanshalian, 161 ; Mesh-hcd, 190—192. F. Fet-h-'Air, see Shah. Fish.— Bandar-Abu-shahr, 20 ; Tira ? 101, 102. Fish, Bull on, see Bull. Fishes, Two.— Kandahar, 152, 153. Flower. — Kandahar, 154. 32G INDEX OF TYPES. G. Goose. — Erivan 59 ; Teheran, 124. Geese, Two.— Sa-i'ij Bulagh, 114. H. Hare. — Erivan, 57 ; Khoi, 106. Horse. — Baghdad, 61 ; Shemakhi, 116; Gtmja, 173 — 176. Horse, galloping. — Kandahar, 138, 139 ; Hei-at, 194. florse, galloping, and sun. — Kazvi'n, 128. I. Ibex.— Shi'raz, 119, 120; Kazvin, 130; Ganjn, 177-9. Ibex, recumbent, Erivan, 54. L. Lion. — Ahu-shalir, 6, 1 ; Bandar- A bu-shahr, 15-19; Tifli's, 95, 96 ; Tira ? 101 ; Resht, 109, 110 ; Kazvin, 129 ; Kandahar, 134 — 136; Kermanshahan, 159; Ganja, 170, 171. Lion and Boar? 'see Boar? Lion and cub. — Erivan, 47 — 48. Lion and Sun.— Teheran, N 593— 595, ^628— 631, 639, 640. 642—644. Med. A^ 1,^2, 3.— Isfahan, 26-32; Erivan, .35—44 ; Bandar-'Abbas ? 63, 64 ; Tabriz, 71_78; Khoi, 103— 105; Demavend, 108; Ea'nash, 112, 113 ; Shemaklii, 115 ; Teheian, 121 ; Kazvin, 125—127 ; Kandahar, 131—133 ; Kashan, 162—165 ; Ganja, 168, 169; Mazenderan, 182, 183; Mesh-hed, 188 ; Yazd, 196. Lion, recumbent. — Tabriz, 82. INDEX OF TYPES. 327 Lion, recumbent, and Sun. — No mint Bil, 542 — 544. Iran M (royal), 576. Iran, 1, 2; Un'imi, 22; Erivun, 45; Tabriz. 79—81. Lion, rampant — Iian, 3. Lions, rampant, Two. — A!)U-shahr, 4, 5. Lion, seizing bull.— Tifli-:, 98, 99. Lion, seizing stag. — Isfahan, 33, 34 ; Belibehan, 65 — 70 ; Teherdn, 122 ; Kandahar, 137 ; xMazenderan, 184-187. N. Nasir-ed-din, see Shah. O. Ornamented Label. — Abu-shahr, 12, 13, li. P. Parrot.— Resht 111. Peacock. — Abu-shahr, 9; Ardebil, 21 ; Tabiiz, 94 ; Slienia- klii, 117, 118 ; TeJieran, 123 ; Kandahar, 150, 151 ; Kashan, 1G7. Peacocks, Two. — Abii-shalir, 10. S. Sabre. — Kandahar, 157, 158. Sabre, Two-bladed.— (Zu-1-fikar) Kandahar, 155, 156; Gai.ja, 181. Shiih (Pet-h-'Ali) on horseback. — Zciijan, N 476, 477. Sliah (Fet-h-'Ali) seated on throne.— Isfahan, N 484. Sliah (Nasir-ed-din) seated.— ^l 611. Shah (Nasir-ed-din), Bust of.— Teheran, JST 592, 596—599, yll 607-609, 612, 613 ; Kazvin, 614. Shield, Arms of Persia, see Lion and Sun. Ship.— Abu-shahr, 11. Stajr. — Kandahar, 144. 328 INDEX OF TYPES. Sun, rayed. — Teherc4n, ^E 646 — 650 ; Abu-shahr, 8 ; Erivan, 46 ; Tabriz, 83—87 ; Tillis, 97 ; Kashan, 166 ; Mesh-bed, 189. Turtle.— Urumi, 25. Z. Zu-1-fikar, see Sabre, Two-bladed. ( 329 ) COMPARATIVE TABLE OF THE YEARS OF THE HIJRAII AND OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA. (This Table, after Wiistenfeld, gives the current Christian day, the Muhamruadan day beginninjj at sunset on the Christian day preced- ing. New style begins a.d. 1582. See Introd. p. xviii. for a caution.) A.H. A.D. A.H, A.D. 900 1494 . . Oct. 2 941 1534 . . July 13 901 1495 . Sept. 21 942 15.35 . 2 902 1496 . ,, 9 943 1536 . . June 20 903 1497 . Aug. 30 944 1537 . „ 10 904 1498 . „ 19 945 1538 . . May 80 905 141)9 . „ 8 946 15.39 . . „ 19 906 1500 . July 28 947 1540 . 8 907 1501 . / 17 948 1541 . . April 27 908 1502 . ,, 7 949 1542 . • „ 17 909 1503 . June 26 950 1543 . • „ 6 910 1504 . „ 14 951 1544 . . Mar. 25 911 1505 . 4 952 1545 . ■ „ 15 912 1506 . May 24 953 1546 . „ 4 913 1507 . „ 13 954 1547 . Feb. 21 914 1508 . „ 2 955 1548 . ,, 11 915 1509 . April 21 956 1549 . Jan. 30 916 1510 . „ 10 957 1550 . „ 20 917 1511 . Mar. 31 958 1551 . » 9 918 1512 . „ 19 959 1551 . Dec. 29 919 1513 . 9 960 1552 . „ 18 920 1514 . Feb. 26 961 1553 . » 7 921 1515 . „ 15 962 1554 . Nov. 26 922 1516 . „ 5 963 1555 . „ 16 923 1517 . Jan. 24 964 1556 . „ 4 924 1518 . „ 13 965 1557 . Oct. 24 925 1519 . „ 3 966 1558 . . » 14 926 1519 . Dec. 23 967 1559 . . „ 3 927 1520 . „ 12 968 1560 . . Sept. 22 928 1521 . 1 969 1561 . . ,, 11 929 1522 . Nov. 20 970 1562 . . Aug. 31 930 1523 . „ 10 971 1563 . . „ 21 931 1524 . Oct. 29 972 1564 . . 9 932 1525 . „ 18 973 1565 . . July 29 933 1526 . ,, 8 974 1566 . . „ 19 934 1527 . Sept. 27 975 1567 . . „ 8 935 1528 . „ 15 976 15(58 . . June 26 936 1529 . 5 '.)77 l.Mi9 . . „ 16 937 1530 . Aug. 25 978 1570 . . ., 5 938 1531 . „ 15 979 1571 . . May 26 9;;9 1532 . „ 3 980 1572 . . „ 14 940 1533 . . July 23 981 1573 . . 3 u u 330 COMPABATTTE TAULE OF THE TEAKS OF THE A.H. A.D. A.H, A.D. 982 1574 . . April 23 1032 1622 . . Nov. 5 983 1575 . . „ 12 1033 1623 . . Oct. 25 9S4 1576 . . Mar. 31 1034 1624 . . „ 14 985 1577 . . „ 21 1035 1625 . . „ 3 980 1578 . . „ 10 1036 1626 . . Sept. 22 987 1579 . . Feb. 28 1037 1627 . . „ 12 988 1580 . . „ 17 1038 1628 . . Aug. 31 989 1581 . . 5 1039 1629 . . „ 21 990 1582 . . Jan. 26 1040 1630 . . „ 10 991 1583 . . „ 25* 1041 1631 . . July 30 992 1584 . . „ 14 1042 1632 . . „ 19 993 1585 . . „ 3 1043 1633 . . 8 994 1585 . . Dec. 23 1044 1634 . . June 27 995 1586 . . „ 12 1045 1635 . . „ 17 99t) 1587 . 2 1046 1636 . . „ 5 997 1588 . Nov. 20 1047 1637 . . May 26 998 1589 . „ 10 1048 1638 . . » 15 999 1590 . Oct. 30 1049 1639 . . „ 4 1000 1591 . „ 19 1050 1640 . . April 23 lOOl 1592 . 8 1051 1611 . . „ 12 1002 1593 . Sept. 27 1052 1642 . 1 1003 1594 . „ 16 1053 1643 . Mar. 22 1004 1595 . 6 1054 1644 . „ 10 1005 1506 . Aug. 25 1055 1645 . Feb. 27 1006 1597 . „ 14 1056 1646 . „ 17 1007 15118 . 4 1057 1647 . „ 6 1008 1599 . July 24 1058 1648 . Jan. 27 1009 1600 . „ 13 1059 1649 . » 15 1010 1601 . 2 1060 1650 . 4 1011 1602 . . June 21 1061 1650 . Dec. 25 1012 1603 . „ 11 1062 1651 . „ 14 1013 1604 . May 30 1063 1652 . . „ 2 1014 1605 . „ 19 1064 1653 . . Nov. 22 1015 1606 . . „ 9 1065 1654 . . » 11 1016 1607 . . April 28 1066 1655 . . Oct. 31 1017 1608 . • „ 17 1067 1656 . . » 20 1018 1609 . • „ 6 1068 1657 . . „ 9 1019 1610 . . Mar. 26 1069 1658 . . Sept. 29 1020 1611 . • „ 16 1070 16?9 . . „ 18 1021 1612 . • „ 4 1071 1660 . . „ 6 1(122 1613 . . Feb. 21 1072 1661 . . Aug. 27 1023 1614 . • „ 11 1073 1662 . . » 16 1024 1615 . . Jan. 31 1074 1663 . . „ 5 1025 1616 . . „ 20 1075 1664 . . July 25 1026 1617 . . „ 9 1076 1665 . . » 14 1027 1617 . . Dec. 29 1077 1666 . . „ 4 1028 1618 . . „ 19 1078 1667 . . June 23 1029 1619 . . „ 8 1079 1668 . . „ 11 1030 1620 . . Nov. 26 1080 1669 . . ,, 1 1031 1621 . . „ 16 1081 1670 . . May 21 * Here the change to the Gregorian New Style takes effect. nrjRvn and of tiee cnnisTiAN era. 331 A.n. A.D. ; A.n. A.D. 10S2 1671 . . Msiy 10 1132 1719 . . Nov. 14 1083 1672 . . April 29 1133 1720 . . 2 1084 1673 . . „ 18 1134 1721 . . Oct. 22 1085 1674 . . ,, 7 1135 1722 . . „ 12 108<3 1675 . . Mar. 28 1136 1723 . . „ 1 1087 1676 . . „ 16 1137 1724 . . Sept. 20 1088 1677 - . „ 6 1138 1725 . . „ 9 1089 1678 . . Feb. 23 1139 1726 . . Aug. 29 1090 1679 . . » 1^ 1140 1727 . . „ 19 1091 1680 . . » 2 1141 1728 . . 7 1092 1681 . . Jan. 21 1142 1729 . . July 27 1093 1682 . . „ 10 1143 1730 . . „ 17 1094 1682 . . Dec 31 1144 1731 . . ,, 6 1095 1683 . . „ 30 1145 1732 . . June 24 1096 1684 . . ,. 8 1146 1733 . . » 14 1097 1685 . . Nov. 28 1147 1734 . . „ 3 1098 1686 . . » 17 114S 1735 . . May 24 1099 1687 . . „ 7 1149 1736 . . „ 12 1100 1688 . . Oct. 26 1150 1737 . . 1 1101 1689 . „ 15 1151 1738 . . April 21 1102 1690 . . 6 1152 1739 . . „ 10 1103 1691 . Sept. 24 1153 1740 . . Mar. 29 1104 1692 . „ 12 1164 1741 . , „ 19 1105 1693 . „ 2 1155 1742 , . „ 8 1106 1694 . Aug. 22 1156 1743 . Feb. 25 1107 1695 . „ 12 1157 1744 . „ 15 1108 1696 . July 31 1168 1745 . „ 3 1109 1697 . „ 20 1169 1746 . Jan. 24 1110 1698 . „ 10 1160 1747 . » 13 1111 1699 . June 29 1161 1748 . „ 2 1112 1700 . . „ 18 1162 1748 . Dec. 22 1113 1701 . - „ 8 1103 1749 . „ 11 1114 1702 . . May 28 1164 1750 . Nov. 30 1115 1703 . . „ 17 1165 1751 . . „ 20 1116 1704 . . „ 1166 1752 . „ 8 1117 1705 . . April 25 1167 1753 . . Oct. 29 1118 1706 . . „ 15 1168 1754 . . „ 18 1119 1707 . - „ 4 1169 1755 . . „ 7 1120 1708 . . Mar. 23 1170 1756 . . Sept. 26 1121 1709 . . „ 13 1171 1757 . „ 15 1122 1710 . . M 2 1172 1758 . . ,, 4 1123 1711 . . Feb. 19 1173 1759 . . Aug. 25 1124 1712 . 9 1174 1760 . . » 13 1125 1713 . . Jan. 28 1175 1761 . • ,, 2 1126 1714 . . ,, 17 1176 1762 . . July 23 1127 1715 . . ., 7 1177 1763 . . „ 12 1128 1715 . . Dec. 27 1178 17<)4 . • M 1 1129 1716 . . » 16 1179 1765 . , June 20 1130 1717 . . „ 5 1180 1766 . ., !» 1131 1718 . . Nov. 24 1181 1767 . '. mIv>- ;{o 332 COMPABATIVE TABLE OF THE TEAES OF THE A.n. A.D. A.H. A.D. 1182 1768 . May 18 1232 1816 . . Nov. 21 1188 1769 . „ 7 1233 1817 . „ 11 1184 1770 . April 27 1234 1818 . . Oct. 31 1185 1771 . „ 16 1235 1819 . „ 20 118(5 1772 . „ 4 1236 1820 . , „ 9 1187 1773 . Mar. 25 1237 1821 . . Sept. 28 1188 1774 . „ 14 1238 1822 . „ 18 1189 1775 . „ 4 1239 1823 . . » 7 1190 1776 . Feb. 21 1240 1824 . Aug. 26 1191 1777 . „ 9 1241 1825 . „ 16 1192 1778 . Jan. 30 1242 1826 . 5 1193 1779 . „ 19 1243 1827 . July 25- 1194 1780 . „ 8 1244 1828 . „ 14 1195 1780 . Dec. 28 1245 1829 . „ 3 1196 1781 . „ 17 1246 1830 . June 22 1197 1782 . „ 7 1247 1831 . „ 12 , 1198 1783 . Nov. 26 1248 1832 . May 31 1199 1784 . ,, 14 1249 1833 . » 21 1200 1785 . „ 4 1250 1834 . „ 10 1201 1786 . Oct. 24 1251 1835 . April 29 1202 1787 . „ 13 1252 1836 . „ 18 1203 1788 . » 2 1258 1837 .. » 7 1204 1789 . Sept. 21 1254 1838 . Mar. 27 1205 1790 . „ 10 1255 1839 . „ 17 1206 1791 . Aug. 31 1256 1840 . „ 5 1207 1792 . „ 19 1257 1841 . . Feb. 23 1208 1793 . 9 1258 1842 . „ 12 1209 1794 . July 29 1259 1843 . „ 1 1210 1795 . „ 18 1260 1844 . . Jan. 22 1211 1796 . ,, 7 1261 1845 . „ 10 1212 1797 . June 26 1262 1845 . Dec. 30 1213 1798 . „ 15 1263 1846 . . „ 20 1214 1799 . » 5 1264 1847 . 9 1215 1800 . May 25 1265 1848 . Nov. 27 1216 1801 . » 14 1266 1849 . „ 17 1217 1802 . „ 4 1267 1850 . „ 6 1218 1803 . April 23 1268 1851 . . Oct. 27 1219 1804 . „ 12 1269 1852 . . ,, 15 1220 1805 . „ 1 1270 1853 . . „ 4 1221 1806 . Mar. 21 1271 1854 . . Sept. 24 1222 1807 . „ 11 1272 1855 . . „ 13 1223 1808 . Feb. 28 1273 1856 . . „ 1 1224 1809 . „ 16 1274 1857 . . Aug. 22 1225 1810 , 6 1275 1858 . . „ 11 1226 1811 . Jan. 26 1276 1859 . . July 31 1227 1812 . „ 16 1277 1860 . „ 20 1228 1813 . 4 1278 1861 . 9 1229 1813 . Dec. 24 1279 1862 . June 29 1230 1814 . „ 14 1280 1863 . „ 18 1231 1815 . „ 3 1281 1864 . . „ 6 HIJEAH AND OF THE ClIRTSTIAN ERA. 333 A.H. A.D. A.H. A.D. 1282 1865 . May 27 1301 1883 . Nov. 2 1283 1866 . „ 16 1302 1884 . Oct. 21 1284 1867 . „ 5 1303 1885 . „ 10 1285 1868 . April 24 1304 1886 . Sept. 30 1286 1869 . . » 13 1305 1887 . „ 19 1287 1870 . » 3 1306 1888 . » 7 1288 1871 . Mar. 23 1307 1889 . Aug. 28 1289 1872 . „ 11 1308 1890 . » 17 1290 1873 . „ 1 1309 1891 . „ 7 1291 1874 . Feb. 18 1310 1892 . July 26 1292 1875 . „ 7 1311 1893 . „ 15 1293 1876 . Jan. 28 1312 1894 .. » 6 1294 1877 . „ 16 1313 1895 . June 24 1295 1878 . » 5 1314 1896 . . » 12 1296 1878 . . Dec. 26 1315 1897 . . „ 2 1297 1879 . . » 15 1316 1898 . May 22 1298 1880 . . „ 4 1317 1899 . . „ 12 1299 1881 . . Kov. 23 1318 1900 . . » 1 1300 1882 . . „ 12 ( SU ) TABLE OF THB EELATIVE WEIGHTS OF ENGLISH GRAIN'S and FRENCH GRAMMES. Grains Grammes. Grains. Grammes. Grains. Grammes. Grains. Grammes. 1 •064 41 2-656 81 5-248 121 7-840 2 •129 42 2^7'20 82 5312 1-22 7^905 3 •194 43 2-785 83 5^378 1-2:3 7-970 4 •259 44 2-850 84 5-442 124 8-035 5 •324 45 2^915 85 5-508 125 8-100 6 '388 46 2-980 86 5-572 126 8-164 7 •453 47 3045 87 5-637 127 8^229 8 •518 48 3^110 88 5-702 1-28 8-294 9 •583 49 3-175 89 5-767 129 8-359 10 •648 50 3-240 90 5-832 130 8-424 11 •712 51 3-304 91 5-896 131 8-488 12 •777 52 3-368 92 5-961 132 8-553 13 •842 53 3-434 93 6026 133 8-618 14 •907 54 3-498 94 6091 134 8-682 15 •972 55 3-564 95 6-156 135 8-747 16 1-036 56 3-628 96 6-2'20 136 8812 17 1^101 57 3-693 97 6-285 137 8-877 18 1166 58 3^758 98 6350 138 8-942 19 1231 59 3-8^23 99 6^415 139 9-007 20 1-296 60 3-888 100 6480 140 9-072 21 1-360 61 3-952 101 6-544 141 9-136 22 1-425 62 4017 102 6^609 142 9-200 23 1^490 63 4-082 103 6^674 143 9-265 24 1-555 64 4-146 104 6^739 144 9330 25 1-6-20 65 4-211 105 6-804 145 9395 26 1-684 66 4-276 106 6-868 146 9-460 27 1-749 67 4-341 107 6-933 147 9 525 28 1-814 68 4-406 108 6-998 148 9-590 29 1-879 69 4-471 109 7-063 149 9-655 30 1-944 70 4-536 110 7-128 150 9-720 31 2'008 71 4600 111 7-192 151 9^784 32 2^073 72 4^665 112 7-257 152 9-848 33 2138 73 4^7'29 113 7-322 153 9914 34 2^202 74 4-794 114 7-387 154 9978 35 2-267 75 4-859 115 7-452 155 10044 36 2 332 76 4-924 116 7-516 156 10-108 37 2397 77 4^989 117 7-581 157 10-173 38 2-462 78 5054 118 7^646 158 10238 39 25-27 79 5^119 119 7^711 159 10303 40 2592 80 5184 1-20 7^776 160 10-368 ( 33o ) TABLE RELATIVE WEIGHTS OF ENGLISH GRAINS and FRENCH GRAMMES. Grains. Grammes. Grains. Grammes. Grains. Grammes. Grains. ( 3rammes. 101 10-432 201 13-024 241 15-616 ' 290 18-79 1(V2 10-497 202 13-089 242 15080 300 1 19 44 1G3 10-502 203 13-154 243 15-745 310 20 -08 164 10-626 204 13-219 244 15-810 320 20-73 105 10091 205 13-284 245 15-875 1 330 21-38 160 10-750 206 13-348 240 15-940 340 22-02 107 10 821 207 13-413 247 10-005 350 22-07 1()8 10-880 208 13-478 1 248 10070 360 23 32 109 10 951 209 13543 249 10135 370 23 97 170 11010 210 13-008 250 10-200 380 24-(52 171 11-080 211 13-072 251 16-264 390 25-27 172 11-145 212 13-737 252 16-328 400 2592 173 11-209 213 13-802 253 16 394 410 20-50 174 11-274 214 13-867 1 254 16-458 420 27 20 175 11-339 215 13-932 255 16-524 430 27-85 170 11-404 210 13-996 250 16-588 440 28-50 177 11-409 217 14001 257 10653 450 29-15 178 11-534 218 14120 258 16-718 400 29-80 179 11-599 219 14-191 259 16-783 470 3045 180 11-064 220 14-256 2(;0 16-848 480 3110 181 11-728 221 14320 2(51 16 912 490 31-75 182 11-792 222 14-385 202 16-977 500 32-40 183 11-858 22:3 14-450 203 17 042 510 33-04 184 11-922 224 14-515 2(54 17100 520 33(58 185 11-988 225 14-580 2(55 17-171 530 34-34 18() 12-052 22(5 14-()44 2(i0 17-23(5 540 34-98 187 12117 227 14-709 2(57 17-301 550 35(54 188 12182 228 14774 2(58 17-3(50 5(50 3(5 28 189 12-247 229 14-839 2(59 17-431 570 3(5-93 190 12-312 230 14-;'; i:p'k-^- 5AFAVIS — ISMA'iL I., TAHMAGP I., MUHAMMAD KHUDABANDA. PI. II. »7 v-'^_,<:. y SAFAV IS— 'abbas I, SAfT, 'ABBAS IL, SU LA I MAN 1. f'l. III. SAFAVIS— SULAIMAN I., HUSAIN. PL IV. SAFAVIS-HUSAIN. PLV. ^^^' ^'^^ etfe. M^c- .^gm. SAf-AVIS-HUSAIN, TAHMASP II. PI. VI. "ul->. J 'jyj' - ~fr->- r* A, mv^ ^&^. AFGHANS — MAHMUD, ASHRAF. 5AFAVIS— 'abbas IH. Pl.VU. hr^\^,^-'' y r.V .f- y /-y m^^i<^. .^-^i-cf: EFSHARIS-NADIR. pivni. i^i^^fc-^ iS^; ^^tf- J^.W/I KAJARS -MUHAMMAD HASAN KHAN. AFGHAN-AZAD KHAN KHAN OF GANJA. ' "'■^fS \ :' -=^ ^^ m ^•>^ ZANDS-ABU-L-FAT-H-KHAN. 5ADIK, 'ALi' MURAD, J A a' far. lutf-Xll PI. XIII .Iffs^Kfcv i??JjJr^^ j '\/\yi n mm 0;^m^ ,1 ; ( I . ; 1 ^' KAJARS-AKA MUHAiViMAU KHAN, BABA KHAN (FET-H-ALlJ FET-H-'ALI SHAH. PI. XIV f-t^l> ^f^i KAJAR-FET-H-^LI. PL XV. '•<*it2*> i?S"; V -'■ ^.X 'i:^ \ m^n/. "^ 58 580 // 583 ^'- KAJARS- MUHAMMAD, HASAN KHAr' ^ '' NASI R- ED-DIN. A lO / 1 PFI ) PJ.XVI. tuiiuiajj M^'M-^ ... . ■i: ^: \vi}f^ \ "^^itzaSS^,^ A 6£>2 KAJAR -NA:f.iR FD-DIN, 7IMIJ(-II - BABAR, (/.m-.w/^I3MA'|L i) PI XVII. "'^"Lli J C: I *> \ *rt: '««lw^jjieji, - COPPER. ABU-SHAHR, ARDEBlL. w. win. COPT'LH. LIFUIML ir.FAHAN, ERIVAN. Pi XIX. — r X i COPPER. ERIVAN, BOF^UJIRU, BAGHDAD, BANDAR-XbBAS? BEH BEH AN PI XX. '^r^] COPPER / •• / TABRIZ, TIFLIS, TUI, TIRA PI XXI. COPPER. Kh^OI, DEMAVEND, RESHT, RANASH, SA-UJ-BULAGH. SHEMAKHI, TEHERAN. Pl.XXU. v: ■^^^ '^ -i\ /^. ''- r- ^lJ ^7 <::^ COPPER. KAZVi'n, KANDAHAR. K ERM ANSH AH AN. PI. XX 111. \ -^y COPPER. KASHAN, GANJA, MAZANDERAN, MESH-HED, HAMADAN, YAZD. PI. XXIV yi:^ EDALS. ^"'^®''^'*y o* California -^n.. rS J"^"n "^°'°'^'^L LIBRARY FACILITY ?oS^AMrp/cc" ^^'■'''"9 '-°* ^7 • Box 951388 LOS ANGELFS. CALIFORNIA 90095-1388 Return this material < rrHE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALlFORt^lA LOS ANGELES 3 1158 00891 8756 ,^C SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY AA 001045 628 3 1 '^. i «1 ^ i p ^