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 L SO ■ BRIEF • HISTORICAL • SKETCHES ' OF ' TH E 
 
 BUFFAL O • FINE • ARTS • ACAD EMY, " THE 
 
 i BUFFALO • SOCIETY • OF • NATURAL • SCIENCES, 
 
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 BUFTA'Le)-,*'N. Y. 
 
 A R r - P R I N 1 I N G Works of Matthews, N o r t h k u p & Co. 
 
 Office of the "Buffalo Morning Express." 
 1887.

 
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 The Buffalo Library. 
 
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 HISTORICAL SKETCH. 
 
 IE BUFFALO LIBRARY was known during the first fifty 
 years of its life as the Library of the Young Men's Associa- 
 tion, or, in common speech, as tlie Young Men's Library, of 
 Buffalo. An earlier 'Buffalo Library' — a little village collec- 
 tion of books, about seven hundred in number — had been 
 formed in 1816. by a small company of stockholders who held together until 
 1832. A second library and literary society was organized near the close of 
 1830, under the name of the Buffalo Lyceum, which seemed vigorous for a 
 time in several directions of activity, but which had no long existence. It was 
 not until the winter of 1836 that a movement with some really lasting energy 
 in it was set on foot, and resulted in the organization of the Young Men's 
 Association of the city of Buffalo. The incidents and circumstances of that 
 movement were investigated carefully by the late Charles D. Norton, when 
 he prepared his historical address, delivered on the occasion of the cele- 
 bration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Association, in 1861, and he 
 wrote : ' If it were necessary to state the names of the men who deserve 
 the title of founders of this Association, it could only be said that the gen- 
 eral and recognized necessity for such an institution induced a variety 
 of effort, in which all the young men of the place were more or less
 
 8 
 
 eno-ao-etl. The letters furnished to me, by gentlemen of this city, render it 
 not a little difficult to determine whose is the especial honor, but tliey 
 indicate the general interest taken in it by our citizens.' In the Commercial 
 Advertiser of February 20, 1836, Mr. Norton found the following notice, 
 signed by nearly four hundred citizens, 'comprising all classes, trades, and 
 professions' : 
 
 Y. M. Association. — The young men of Buffalo friendly to the founda- 
 tion of a Young Men's Association for mutual improvement in literature and 
 science, are requested to meet at the Court House on Monday, the 22d day 
 of February, at the hour of 7 P. M. 
 
 At the meeting which followed this notice, Hon. Hiram Pratt presided, and 
 Richard L. Allen and Isaac W. Skinner were secretaries. A constitution had 
 been previously prepared at the office of Mr. Seth C. Hawley, copied in 
 a great degree from that of the Young Men's Association at Albany, which 
 was submitted to this meeting by Mr. Frederick P. Stevens. After some 
 sharp discussion the constitution was adopted, and an adjournment was had 
 to the 29th of the same month, that the constitution might be examined 
 and subscribed. On the adjourned day Mr. Roswell W. Haskins presided, 
 Mr. George E. Hayes was secretary, and a committee of seven was 
 appointed to nominate officers; and, with Mr. Henry K. Smith and Mr. Dyre 
 Tillinghast acting as tellers, the persons who had become members elected 
 as president Seth C. Hawley ; Dr. Charles Winne, Samuel N. Callender, 
 and George Brown as vice-presidents ; Frederick P. Stevens, corresponding 
 secretary ; A. G. C. Cochrane, recording secretary ; and John R. Lee, treas- 
 urer. The managers chosen were Oliver G. Steele, Henry K. Smith, William 
 H. Lacy, Geo. W. Allen, Chas. H. Raymond, Henry R. Williams, George 
 1'2. Hayes, Halsey R. Wing, Rushmore Poole, and Hunting S. Cham- 
 berlain. 
 
 In 1861, Mr. Norton reported all the members of this first board of man- 
 agers living, except H. K. Smith, William H. Lacy, and Henrj' R. Williams. 
 At the present writing (March, 1887), the sole survivor of the entire 
 board of original officers is Mr. John R. Lee, its treasurer. 
 
 The Association came into existence at a time when everybody felt rich. 
 It was the year of bubbles in land speculation which preceded the great
 
 9 
 
 collapse of 1837. A subscription that ran up to $6,700 in amount was 
 raised with astonishing ease to give the new library a solid footing. The 
 books of the old Buffalo Library and of the Lyceum were transferred to 
 it, considerable purchases were made under a contract with the Messrs. 
 Butler, and 2,700 volumes in all were collected before the end of the year. 
 The chief feature of the institution, however, was its newspaper reading- 
 room, where six quarterly, ten monthly and forty-four weekly publications 
 were on file, and which boasted of being the completes! in any city west 
 of New-York. 
 
 The financial crash of 1837 swept many imagined fortunes out of exist- 
 ence, and with them a great part of the small endowment which the 
 library was supposed to have secured in tlie subscriptions alluded to above. 
 Its membership fell away, it was weighted with some debt which it had 
 contracted too hopefully, and for half-a-dozen years, or more, it struggled 
 doubtfully and hard between life and death. But there was pluck in the 
 young men of those days, and a Spartan band among them stood fast by 
 the Association through all difficulties until the coming of more prosperous 
 times. Not, however, until 1845, i^mder the presidency of Mr. Gibson T. 
 Williams, was it cleared of debt and fairly launched upon its successful career. 
 
 The original rooms of the Association were on the upper floors of the 
 building then owned by Mr. Joseph Dart, numbered 175 Main street, now 
 numbered 219, being three doors below Seneca street. Mr. B. W. Jenks, a 
 portrait painter, occupied adjoining rooms and became nominally the first 
 librarian by reason of that circumstance, undertaking to overlook the library 
 while pursuing his own work. In reality, the functions of the first libra- 
 rian were performed by Mr. J. F. Young, of Williamsville, then a lad taking 
 lessons in art from Mr. Jenks, and to whom the latter delegated the care 
 of the neighboring books and newspapers. Subsequently, the post was 
 accepted by Dr. Charles H. Raymond, who had been prominent among 
 the founders of the library and foremost in activity of effort to sustain it. 
 The labor that he assumed, said Mr. Norton, speaking in 1861, and 
 the patience he displayed under great discouragements, and the resolution 
 with which he persisted in his unrewarded toil, assign to him a place among 
 its chief benefactors. He was a ripe and good scholar, and had all a 
 scholar's modesty. Dr. Raymond served as librarian until some time in
 
 10 
 
 i839> when he was succeeded by Mr. Phineas Sargeant, who remained at 
 the desk until 1850. 
 
 In May, 1841, the Association removed to South Division street, in 
 rooms over the shops now numbered 15 and 16, the Hbrary being at one 
 side of the stairway, while a small lecture room was fitted up on the 
 other side. These rooms became inadequate and unsuitable before many 
 years had passed. The first movement which the discontent with them 
 engendered took the form of a building project, and in 1848 the under- 
 taking was very seriously set on foot. It went so far that a building 
 committee, having the matter in charge, bought a lot of ground for the 
 purpose, 48 feet front by 91 feet deep, on the north side of Eagle street, 
 between Main and Pearl streets, for $3,000. This was done, however, on 
 their individual responsibility. They procured plans and specifications, con- 
 templating a structure which would cost from $8,000 to $12,000. They 
 secured the passage of an act authorizing the Association to borrow $15,000 
 on its bonds, and they invited subscriptions from citizens in aid of the 
 project. An elegant blank-book, richly bound in Russia leather, with an 
 inscription upon the side : ' Building subscriptions. Young Men's Associa- 
 tion, 1848,' is still preserved among the archives of the library. But, alas! 
 its inviting white leaves have no stain of ink. Not an autograph is found 
 in it. 
 
 The premature building project came to naught ; but it had its effect, 
 without doubt, in stimulating a movement to the American Block, which 
 took place in 1852. American Hall was leased, with commodious rooms 
 for the library underneath, and the circumstances as well as the situation of 
 the Association were greatly improved. The hall became a source of con- 
 siderable income ; the annual lecture courses grew more popular and profit- 
 able ; membership increased and the course of advancing prosperity was 
 generally smoothed. 
 
 Meantime, in 1850, failing health hatl caused the resignation of Mr. 
 Phineas Sargeant from the librarianship and Mr. Lewis Jenkins succeeded 
 to him. But a few months after the removal in 1S52 Mr. Jenkins resigned, 
 in his turn, and Mr. William Ives was appointed in his place. 
 
 A period of twelve uneventful years followed, tluring wliich the Association 
 and its library gained slowly but steadily in strength and character. As
 
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 early as 1856 we begin to find complaint again in the annual reports of 
 insufficient room for new books, and the talk of building reappears. The 
 late George Palmer gave encouragement to the scheme that year by a 
 munificent proposition. He offered to present to the Association a lot of 
 land valued at $12,000, with $10,000 in money additional, provided that 
 $90,000 more should be raised from other sources for an adequate building. 
 The condition could not be fulfilled and the offered gift was lost. Next 
 year the business world was strewn with the ruins of a financial earthquake. 
 A little later came the political agitations which preceded the civil war, and 
 then the war itself. There was little use in that period of talking or 
 thinking about anything better for the library than the quarters which it 
 had outgrown. Some growth went on, despite the tumult and despite the 
 crowding. Just when the guns at Sumter were being trained to fire their 
 war signal, on the evening of the 2 2d of March, 1861, the Association 
 celebrated its quarter-centennial anniversary with stately ceremony and fine 
 enthusiasm. The exercises, held in St. James Hall, were notably interest- 
 ing. Mr. David Gray read a very noble poem, the strains of which are 
 still lingering in the memory of those who heard it. Mr. Charles D. 
 Norton delivered the historical address which has been quoted from above. 
 Other addresses were made by Joseph Warren, then president of the Asso- 
 ciation, Hon. J. G. Masten, Hon. William Dorsheimer and Mr. Edward 
 Stevens, with interludes of music, both vocal and instrumental. 
 
 These exercises were found so interesting and awakened so much life 
 in the Association that something of like character was planned for the 
 next annual meeting, held February 17, 1862. Again Mr. Gray contributed 
 a memorable poem, while the late Judge Clinton delivered an admirable 
 address, retrospective of events in the general history of the city. 
 
 Meantime, even amid the agitations of war, there occurred a revival of 
 the dormant building project. It came to life in connection with the 
 acceptance by the city of Buffalo of the bequest which founded the Grosvenor 
 Library. Immediate efforts were set on foot to bring about a co-operative 
 building undertaking looking to the permanent planting of the two libraries 
 side by side. The original trustees of the Grosvenor Library, Messrs. O. 
 H. Marshall, George R. Babcock, and J. G. Masten, were found to be favor- 
 able to the scheme. In the beginning it contemplated the acquisition, by
 
 12 
 
 gift from the city, of the old Mohawk street market-ground, (now the site 
 of the Young Men's Christian Association building,) to be divided between 
 the Young Men's Association and the Grosvenor Library, each to build 
 upon its own part, but the contiguous buildings to be one in external unit)-. 
 The undertaking looked hopeful for a time ; then came various difficulties. 
 Adjacent lots which were needed could not be reasonably bought, and some 
 opposition to the Mohawk street location was found to exist. This was 
 in 1862, when the war was at a gloomy crisis and national affairs were in a 
 doubtful state. Yet, the executive committee of that year, with Gen. R. 
 L. Howard at the head, were undaunted and persevering. They procured 
 building subscriptions to an amount exceeding $10,000. They invited pro- 
 posals for suitable building sites and reported nine offers, which were taken 
 into consideration. One of these, which was for a lot of ground on Main 
 street, above Huron, and opposite the North Church, gave so much satis- 
 faction that the president, Gen. Howard, bought the property in his own 
 name to secure it. The lot on the northerly side of Eagle street, front- 
 ing fifty-three feet on Main street and running to Washington street, was 
 also* proposed, Mr. S. V. R. Watson, who owned a half interest in the 
 property, offering to make his interest a gift ; . but negotiations with owners 
 of the adjacent ground to secure some necessary addition of space were not 
 successful. 
 
 So the building project went over to the next year (1863), when Mr. 
 .S. V. R. Watson became president of the Association. Again there were 
 many plans and many sites discussed, and several conferences w^ere held by 
 the building committee with the trustees of the Grosvenor Library and 
 delegates from the Fine Arts Academy, the Historical Society, and the 
 Society of Natural Sciences. The result was the provisional adoption of a 
 ' plan contemplating the union of all the societies and the Grosvenor Library 
 in the erection of a suitable building for their general accommodation, a 
 specific part to be appropriated to each society, and the title of the premises 
 to be vested in the Young Men's Association, except such part thereof as 
 should be occupied by the Grosvenor Library.' But subsequently the Fine 
 Arts Academy and Historical Society demanded modifications of the plan 
 which the executive committee of the Y. M. A. ' deemed it would be 
 unwise for this Association to adopt and it was thereafter abandoned.'
 
 
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 But, immediately on this, followed a movement which proved brilliantly 
 successful, and which placed the library on sure ground for all time, as 
 we may reasonably believe. President Watson opened negotiations with 
 Messrs. Albert and George Brisbane for the purchase of the premises on 
 Main, Eagle and Washington streets, known as the St. James Hotel and 
 St. James Hall. Before the year closed, an agreement had been signed 
 which secured three months' time for concluding the purchase of these 
 premises at the price of $112,500. Within the stipulated three months, 
 which expired March 26, 1864, a building fund amounting to $81,655 was 
 raised by subscription among the members and friends of the Association, 
 in sums which ranged from $5 to $3,000, and the purchase of the St. James 
 Hotel and Hall property was duly consummated. A mortgage to the Erie 
 County savings bank for $50,000 provided money for the completion of 
 payments to the Messrs. Brisbane, and for the alterations required to be 
 made in the premises. Possession of the hotel was secured September i, 
 and the necessary changes of interior construction were so speedily made 
 that the library was formally installed in its new home on the loth day of 
 January, 1865. The occasion was distinguished by addresses from president 
 Watson and from the late Oliver G. Steele, and by another poem from the 
 pen of David Gray. It was the one, well remembered among Buffalonians, 
 in which he paid his tender tribute to the brave McMahon, telling ' How 
 the young Colonel died.' 
 
 In the reconstructed hotel building, the Association occupied the second 
 floor with its library and reading-rooms, well accommodated. On the third, 
 fourth and fifth Boors suitable rooms were prepared for the Fine Arts 
 Academy, the Historical Society and the Society of Natural Sciences, under 
 an arrangement that was liberal in its terms. Soon afterwards the 
 Grosvenor Library, then just beginning its collection of books, the Law 
 Library, also in the infant stage, the Young Men's Christian Association, 
 the Young Men's Catholic Association, the Erie County Medical Society 
 and the Firemen's Benevolent Association were all given habitations in 
 the hospitable building at moderate rates of rent. The Grosvenor Library 
 was presently removed to other quarters, and several of the societies named 
 were tenants for a few years only. 
 
 Four large stores on the ground floor of the building, and St. James
 
 14 
 
 Hall at the rear, on Eagle and Washington streets, were leased on satis- 
 factory terms, and brought in a handsome rental. 
 
 The Association was now very happy in its circumstances. Its library 
 was well placed, with convenient arrangements and with space for a con- 
 siderable growth. Its reading-rooms were commodious and pleasant. It 
 had advanced in public favor and its membership increased. Its property, 
 ably managed by three real-estate commissioners, yielded revenues which 
 extinguished the mortgage debt upon it within thirteen years. At the 
 same time the library enjoyed more liberal appropriations for books than 
 had been possible before. Yet the accumulation of books was soon thought 
 to be proceeding too slowly, and in 1869, under the presidency of Mr. 
 Henry A. Richmond, a special fund for immediate purchases was provided 
 by an issue of bonds. This gave to the library committees of the fol- 
 lowing two years nearly $19,000 for expenditure, and the total of books 
 was raised from about 16,000 in 1870, to 25,000 in 1872, while a full and 
 excellent catalogue was prepared and printed, supplying a want that had 
 been urgent for many years. 
 
 The five years next following were not eventful in the life of the 
 Association; but in 1877 an important amendment of its constitution was 
 brought into effect. The object of the amendment was to cure the evil 
 influence upon the library of an annual change in its administrative com- 
 mittees. Thereafter, the immediate supervision of the library was entrusted 
 to three ' curators,' one elected each year, with two other members of the 
 executive committee, appointed annually, forming a library committee ; while 
 the twelve directors in the executive committee were elected, four annually, 
 for terms of three years each. 
 
 Soon afterwards, a change was made in the working organization of the 
 library by creating the office of superintendent, Mr. J. N. Larncd being 
 appointed to the place and entering upon its duties in April, 1877. Dur- 
 ing that year and the following one, the library, which contained about 
 30,000 volumes at the beginning of the work, was reclassified and rearranged 
 throughout on what is known as the 'movable system,' or 'system of relative 
 location ' for books, and a new card catalogue was made for the whole. 
 
 By the final extinction of the mortgage debt of the Association, at the 
 beginning of 1878, a more continuous liberality of appropriations for the
 
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 purchase of books was introduced from that date. Yet the total book 
 expenditure of the succeeding ten years barely equalled that of the preced- 
 ing decade, owing to the large extra fund that had been raised and applied 
 in 1S71 and 1872. In the ten years 1868-1877, 21,498 volumes of books 
 were added to the library, and $37,200 expended. In the ten years 1878- 
 1887, 29,224 volumes were added, and the expenditure was $37,139. This 
 accelerated growth soon crowded the library shelves and forced extensions 
 and changes of arrangement that were found every year more inconvenient 
 and troublesome. At the same time, with the increasing value of the 
 collection of books, an increasing desire was felt to see it more safely 
 housed. Hence arose often recurring demands for the construction of a 
 fire-proof library building. Attention had long been fixed upon the ground 
 occupied by the old county buildings, vacated in 1876 (Washington, 
 Broadway, Ellicott and Clinton streets), as offering the most desirable site, 
 and several movements to secure the property were made, but with no 
 result. In 1880 there was serious talk of purchasing the old Unitarian 
 Church, at the corner of Franklin and Eagle streets, and converting it 
 into a fire-proof structure for the library. Plans and estimates for the 
 work were procured and considered, but the project did not meet with 
 favor and was dropped. The suggested fire-proof reconstruction of the old 
 church building was afterwards carried out by the Austin estate for business 
 purposes. 
 
 In the autumn of 1882 a movement by various parties to bring about the 
 sale of the county property mentioned above showed strong influence in the 
 Board of Supervisors, and it appeared probable that the fine site in question 
 would soon pass to private owners and be turned to some not very digni- 
 fied commercial use. Hon. Sherman S. Rogers and Hon. James M. Smith, 
 conversing on the subject one morning, resolved suddenly to rescue from that 
 ignoble fate a piece of ground which seemed conspicuously designed for a 
 worthy public edifice. They found seven other gentlemen to join them in 
 forming a syndicate composed as follows : Sherman S. Rogers, James M. 
 Smith, Sherman S. Jewett, Francis H. Root, Charles Berrick, O. P. Ramsdell, 
 Dexter P. Rumsey, Pascal P. Pratt, Geo. Howard. These gentlemen, without 
 delay, submitted proposals to the Board of Supervisors for the purchase of the 
 ground in question, under agreement to transfer the same at any time within
 
 16 
 
 twelve months to any one or more of several societies and institutions named, 
 which mijjht determine to buy and build upon the site. Their proposal was 
 accepted and the conveyance of the property was duly made to them. 
 
 The public spirit of the city was now challenged to make use of the 
 opportunity thus secured. It was felt that the stipulated year must not be 
 suffered to pass without determining an undertaking in some mode to cover 
 the site worthily, and to gather there, if possible, under one stately roof, the 
 representative institutions of art, science, and literature. The Young Men's 
 Association was looked to for leadership in the enterprise. At the next elec- 
 tion of the Association, in February, 1883, Mr. Edward B. Smith was chosen 
 president, distinctly with a view to enlisting his known energy and resolute- 
 ness. Under Mr. Smith's command the campaign was soon opened. The 
 trustees of the Grosvenor Library and the citizen's committee, or syndicate, 
 which held the old court-house property, joined the ofificers of the Association 
 in sending out to prominent citizens an invitation phrased as follows : 
 
 A meeting of gentlemen will be held at 8 o'clock on Wednesday even- 
 ing, April iStli, at the residence of Mr. Sherman S. Jewett, for the purpose 
 of consultation respecting plans for the improvement of the old court-house 
 lands, with a view to establishing the important art, litcraiy, and scientific 
 institutions of the city in a suitable edifice upon that most central and com- 
 manding site. 
 
 We are permitted by Mr. Jewett to invite to this conference a few of the 
 prominent citizens most likely to feel interest in the matter, and such invi- 
 tation is respectfully extended to you. It is hoped you will not fail to be 
 present. 
 
 The meeting was largely attended and gave a powerful impetus to the 
 undertaking by its encouraging spirit. Mr. Smith submitted a plan of pro- 
 ceeding, which contemplated the co-operation of the Grosvenor Library with 
 the Young Men's Association in the erection of a building, or of two build- 
 ings which might be substantially one in design, to accommodate not only 
 themselves, but likewise the Fine Arts Academy, the Historical Society and 
 the Society of Natural Sciences; the Young Men's Association to raise for 
 the purpose about $175,000, by bonds and otherwise, the Grosvenor Library 
 to expend its accumulated building fund of $65,000, and $100,000 or $125,000 
 additional to be procured by private subscriptions from the friends of the
 
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 enterprise. The plan was gcncrall)' approved by the meeting, and resolu- 
 tions were adopted which recommended the Association to enter upon the 
 proposed undertaking w^ith vigor, and at once. After the adjournment a 
 subscription book was opened and headed with the signatures of Sherman S. 
 Jewett and Sherman S. Rogers, with $5,000 attached to each. 
 
 P'rom this auspicious beginning the subscription was pushed actively, but 
 did not advance with the rapidity that might have been expected. The ist 
 of December found some $30,000 still wanting to make up the $100,000 which 
 the terms of the subscription required to be raised before the end of that 
 month. The prospect was discouraging, and not many men would have 
 confronted it with the determination shown by president Smith. He had 
 no thought of relinquishing the undertaking. Having apparently exhausted 
 the subscriptions in large sums, or nearly so, he turned to the whole mem- 
 bership of the Association, and to the public at large, v\'ilh a strong appeal 
 for contributions of any and every amount within the means of the con- 
 tributor. The response to this appeal was surprising. A single week 
 changed the whole aspect of affairs. For sums ranging all the way from 
 $1.00 to $500, subscriptions in amazing numbers were poured in, and the 
 total footing reached and passed $100,000 some days before the close of 
 the month. The final result was a building-fund subscription which aggre- 
 gated about $117,000, nearly all of which proved eventually to be good. 
 
 The undertaking was now assured, and attention was promptly turned to 
 the procuring of satisfactory designs and plans for the nascent edifice. The 
 superintendent of the library was deputed to visit several eastern cities, to 
 confer with leading architects and to study the construction and arrange- 
 ments of the best library buildings. By the concurrent action of the executive 
 committee and the board of real estate, a building committee of five was 
 appointed, to which large powers were delegated, for the supervision and 
 direction of the contemplated work. The committee was constituted as 
 follows : Edward B. Smith, chairman, Jewett M. Richmond, John G. Milburn, 
 George B. Hayes, J. N. Larned. 
 
 The first proceeding of the building committee was to open conferences 
 and correspondence with the trustees of the Grosvenor Library and with 
 the managing boards of the Fine Arts Academy, the Society of Natural 
 Sciences, and the Historical Society. It was soon found that the trustees
 
 i8 
 
 of the Grosvenor Library entertained views respecting the division of cost 
 and of accommodations between the two libraries, and consequent plans of 
 building, which differed so radically from the views held on the side of the 
 Association that no possible reconciliation of them could be hoped for. 
 All attempts, therefore, to arrange a co-operative enterprise were abandoned, 
 and the Association addressed itself independently to the work. Little 
 difificulty was found in arriving at an understanding with the three other 
 societies expecting to be tenants of the building when completed. It was 
 agreed with the Fine Arts Academy that rooms and sky-lighted galleries 
 to cover not less than a certain designated area on the second floor should 
 be provided ' for its uncontrolled use, during whatever period it may choose 
 to occupy the same as an art-gallery, free of any rent-charge, but subject 
 only to the conditions that it shall maintain the said portion of the build- 
 ing in proper repair and that it shall pay its proportion of the cost of 
 warming the building.' With the Historical Society and the Society of 
 Natural Sciences the agreement was for a tenancy on similar terms, but 
 limited to twenty-five years in duration, after which time, or earlier if the 
 premises in question should be vacated, ' the Association may reclaim the 
 same.' Rooms for the Historical Society were to be not less than 4,500 
 square feet in area, on the third floor, and those for the Society of Natural 
 Sciences in the basement, 10,000 square feet in area at the least. 
 
 Meantime — and long previously, in fact — careful studies were being made 
 to determine the form of building and the arrangement of lloor plans 
 that would seem to satisfy the wants of the library and the demands 
 of the associated group of institutions in the most perfect way. The 
 peculiar trapezoidal lot of ground to be built upon offered difficulties and 
 advantages, in equal measure, perhaps, and made the problem interesting. 
 As the fruit of these studies, a set of floor-plan sketches was prepared, by 
 way of suggestion to the architects who might undertake to submit designs 
 for the building. (See opposite page.) 
 
 The architects of the city were all invited to offer competitive designs, 
 and the same invitation was extended to thirteen architects in other cities. 
 The middle of April had been reached before these invitations were sent 
 out. To each architect invited there was sent a copy of the suggested 
 floor plans mentioned above, together with a printed circular which described.
 
 SUGGESTED FLOOR-PLANS 
 
 Sent to Competing Architects April i6, 18S4 
 
 BEADINO ROOM U'MW>J Tj • CATALOGUES 
 
 { OFFICE 
 
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 AND 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 11 
 
 FIRST FLOOR PLAN 
 
 FOR LIBRARY AND ART-GALLERY 
 
 ScaWVi of an tr.eh = nnt foot 
 
 V.M.A. 
 Co*T u EXECUTIVE 
 
 |RuoM COMMITTEE 
 
 ^=1 ROOM 
 
 SECOND FLOOR PLAN
 
 20 
 
 in full detail, all the wants to be satisfied and all the conditions to be met 
 in the construction and arrangements of the building. ' The accompanying 
 sketches,' it was said, 'are only intended to indicate in a more graphic 
 way than can be done by any description the main features of arrangement 
 that we seek to obtain in the proposed building. They are offered merely 
 as the result of studies made by those who are best acquainted with the 
 problems involved, but who are anxious that the invention of architects 
 shall be exercised upon the same problems without trammel or bias from 
 these suggestions.' 
 
 With reference to the important matter of the storage arrangement of 
 books in the library, the specifications of the circular were precise. It 
 called for 'a book-room, or rooms, capable of containing 200,000 to 250,000 
 volumes. In estimating capacity of book-rooms the calculation is to be 10 
 volumes to the running foot of shelf measure. Cases or stacks for books 
 to be framed of iron, 18 inches through, and placed not less than 2 feet 
 8 inches apart. Unless there are objections found,' said the circular, 'which 
 we do not now foresee, our preference is for a modified form of the 
 book-stack system, as adopted in the library of Harvard University; so 
 modified, that is, that the stacks shall not be raised above two stages or 
 tiers of 7 feet each in height, and that there shall be, say, 7 clear feet of 
 air space between the top of the stack and the ceiling of the room, thus 
 permitting a third stage to be added in the future if desired. . . . The 
 shelves to be in equal sections of three feet length. The arrangement 
 for light to be carefully considered with reference to the long and narrow 
 spaces into which it must penetrate.' 
 
 The limit of time named for receiving designs was July ist. At the 
 appointed date eleven architects were found to have submitted designs to 
 the committee, but anonymously, as was prescribed. The eleven competitors, 
 subsequently identified, were : H. H. Richardson, Brookline, Mass. ; Van Brunt 
 & Howe, Boston; C. L. W. Eidlitz, New-York ; W. H. Wilcox, St. Paul, 
 Minn. ; William Watson, Montreal ; Warner & Brockett, Rochester, N. Y. ; 
 C. K. Porter, Buffalo ; Beebe and Freeman, Buffalo ; August Esenwein and 
 F. W. Humble, Buffalo; C. R. Percival, Buffalo; H. Macdiarmid, Buffalo. 
 
 After careful and long consideration, the building committee, on the iith 
 of July, adopted as its choice, with unanimity, the design submitted by
 
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 Mr. C. L. W. Eidlitz of New- York. At the same time, the second premium 
 that had been offered was awarded to Mr. Richardson, and the third to 
 Mr. Wilcox. The action of the committee was confirmed by the executive 
 committee of the association, and it was unquestionably approved by the 
 general public verdict. 
 
 Arrangements were now promptly concluded with Mr. Eidlitz for the 
 preparation of working plans and specifications, and early in October a con- 
 tract for the excavation and foundation work of the buildino- was let. 
 Ground was broken on the morning of the 8th of October, in the presence 
 of a few ladies and gentlemen who had warning of the event, and who 
 took the place of the laborers for a time in handling plough and shovel. 
 The first wagon was loaded by these volunteers and the first spadeful of 
 earth thrown into it by Mrs» S. V. R. Watson. 
 
 In January, 1885, the contracts for the principal work were let. At this 
 time the building-plans contemplated a strictly fire-proof construction for only 
 the Broadway wing of the building, in which the book-room of the library 
 and the picture-gallery of the Fine Arts Academy were to be placed. No 
 more than that could be done within the limit of $225,000 that had been 
 fixed for the cost of construction. But further consideration led to a 
 revision of these plans, and it was determined that the whole structure 
 should be made fire-proof. Supplementary contracts were accordingly made, 
 under which work began in April. 
 
 Mr. Smith had been re-elected president in February, 1884, but declined 
 a third election the following year, pleading the pressure of his private 
 business affairs upon his attention and time. He accepted, however, a seat 
 in the board of real estate. His natural successor in the presidency was 
 Mr. Jewett M. Richmond, who had been one of the building committee 
 and prominently active in the whole movement. Mr. Richmond was re-elected 
 in 1886 and again in 1887, and surrendered his services very largely to the 
 undertaking, giving close personal attention to it throughout. 
 
 The vacancy in the building committee caused by the retirement of 
 Mr. Smith (Mr. Richmond then becoming chairman of the committee) was 
 filled by the appointment of Mr. Henry C. French. In the following 
 year, 1886, Mr. French and Mr. Geo. B. Hayes were withdrawn from the 
 building committee by the expiration of their terms in the executive
 
 22 
 
 committee, and were succeeded by Messrs. Howard H. Baker and Robert 
 R. Hcfford. 
 
 As the building progressed and contracts were let, the work in its various 
 parts, from beginning to completion, was executed and directed as follows : 
 
 Architect, CYRUS L. W. ElULlTZ. 
 
 Architect's superintendent, AUG. ESENWEIN. 
 
 CONTRACTORS. 
 
 Excavatiott atid foundations, J. Beier & Son. 
 
 Mason work {superstructure), Chas. BerricK. 
 
 Stone work {superstructure), W. COLLINGWOOD. 
 
 Iron work, H. C. Harrower. 
 
 Terra cotta, BOSTON TERRA CoTTA Co. 
 
 Carpenter work, JACOB Reimann. 
 
 Pai)tti?ig aftd finishittg, D. F. RuST. 
 
 Roofing, G. H. Peters & Son. 
 
 Steam heating and plumbing, Irlbacker & DAVIS. 
 
 Steam boiler house, Chas. Berrick. 
 
 Book stacks H. C. Harrower. 
 
 Sandstone sidewalks, Brady & Maltby. 
 
 Oak zvainscoting, cases, tables, etc., Metz, BarK & Meyer. 
 
 Chairs Hersee & Co. 
 
 Frescoing, C. F. Chretien & Bros. 
 
 Light fixtures {gas and electric combination), . . . Irlbacker & Davis. 
 
 Tiling L. Schwartz & Co. 
 
 Floor covering {"noiseless corticine"), D. MORGAN & SON. 
 
 Speaking tubes and electric bells, Chas. Plumb. 
 
 Electric lighting, U. S. ELECTRIC Light Co. 
 
 Work was pressed vigorously by most of the contractors, but lasted 
 through 1885, 1886, and until March, 1887, before the last details were 
 finished. 
 
 In May, 1886, by an act of the Legislature of New-York, the 'Young 
 Men's Association of Buffalo ' became, by change of name, ' The Buffalo 
 Library,' and its 'executive committee' was changed in title to a 'board 
 of managers.' 
 
 On Monday, the 13th of September, 1886, the removal of the library to 
 its new home was begun. The new building was not yet in readiness for 
 it, but the old building was no longer hospitable. The latter had been
 
 
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 23 
 
 leased to Messrs. Stafford & Co. for reversion to its original uses as a 
 hotel. Extensive changes of interior construction required to be made, and 
 the commencement of work upon these necessarily hastened the departure 
 of the library. As an unfortunate consequence, its books were put out of 
 use for nearly four months. It was not until the third day of January, 
 1887, that the stately portals on Broadway could be opened to readers. 
 
 Even then the opening was informal and incomplete. The ceremonious 
 and official introduction of the public to the new building was postponed 
 until the evening of Monday, February 7th, when the Library united with 
 the Fine Arts Academy, the Historical Society and the Society of Natural 
 Sciences, in a general reception of their members and friends. A jjrayer 
 by Bishop Coxe, brief addresses by president Richmond of the Library, 
 vice-president Sherman S. Rogers of the Fine Arts Academy, president 
 D. S. Kellicott of the Society of Natural Sciences, and ex-president James 
 Sheldon of the Historical Society, with a short reminiscent sketch by Mr. 
 John R. Lee, the first treasurer of the Young Men's Association, and the 
 only survivor of its first board of officers, were the simple dedicatory exer- 
 cises that had been prepared. Notwithstanding unfavorable weather, the 
 guests of the evening numbered many thousands, and the splendid building, 
 thronged in every part, presented a memorable scene. A programme of 
 music, performed by the Philharmonic Orchestra, gave appropriate entertain- 
 ment to the visitors. 
 
 The library at this time was fully settled and arranged ; the other 
 institutions were not. The Fine Arts Academy gave its opening exhibition 
 a few weeks later ; but it was not until June that the exhibition rooms 
 of the Society of Natural Sciences were in order. 
 
 So far as the chronicle of the Buffalo Library can now be written it 
 closes with a terrible incident. In the early morning of the iSth day of 
 March, 1887, the building which it had vacated the preceding September, and 
 which (still owned by the library) had become "The Richmond" hotel, was 
 consumed by fire and fifteen persons perished in the flames or died from 
 injuries received in escaping. The horrible calamity has cast a great shadow 
 upon what had seemed to be the happy fortunes of the institution, and in 
 this writing of its history we are compelled to leave it with that shadow 
 still dark. It has been determined already, however, that a new hotel
 
 24 
 
 building, of strictly fire-proof construction, shall be erected without delay 
 upon the site of the one destroyed, and that the Library will own it. 
 
 THE BUILDING. 
 
 The accompanying plans show the form of the building and the arrange- 
 ment and allotment of its several floors, as constructed. The plans, it will be 
 seen, are drawn nearly on the lines suggested at the beginning by the studies 
 of the building committee. In a communication which accompanied his 
 drawings when first submitted, Mr. Eidlitz wrote : 
 
 The plans prepared by you for the use of competitors and the printed 
 programme of requirements have been made the basis of this design. They 
 have not, however, been adopted without careful scrutiny and the undertak- 
 ing of many independent studies. These studies have had the result of con- 
 firming the impression that no disposition essentially different from that 
 arrived at by you could, under the conditions of the site and the limit of 
 cost, be made to meet so well the varied requirements of your enterprise. 
 
 Mr. Eidlitz, however, introduced a change of great importance in the 
 plans. By widening the Broadway wing of the building he made room 
 there for the entire book-storage required, and then secured the necessary 
 increase of light demanded for the widened book-room by narrowing a part 
 of the art-gallery above, which permitted skylights to be placed on each 
 side of it. This construction not only improved the arrangement for book- 
 storage but formed a striking and pleasing feature in the architecture of the 
 building. 
 
 THE BOOK ROOMS. 
 
 The wing in question, on the library floor, is divided by heavy walls 
 v.ith large open arches into what may be called three rooms, or three 
 sections of one room. It is 47 feet wide and 132 feet long, about one 
 fourth of the total length being in each of the end sections, and one half
 
 BUFFALO LIBRARY AND ART BUILDING. 
 
 + 4. + + ^. + ^. + .|..f + 4. ^, ^4,^^^.^.^,^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 LIBRARY. 
 
 SECOND FLOOR
 
 BUFFALO LIBRARY AND ART BUILDING. 
 
 + ^. + 4.4.4.4.4.4. + 4.4.4. + * + 4.4. + **++ + + * + ** + -i-* + 
 
 SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 
 
 BASEMENT FLOOR 
 
 HISTORICAL SOCIETY 
 
 THIRD FLOOR
 
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 of it in the middle section. All these sections may be filled with book- 
 stacks when needed. At present there are book-stacks erected in the middle 
 and westerly sections only. The book-stacks are but two stages of seven 
 feet each in height. The room having a height of 22 feet, from floor to 
 ceiling, it is possible, at any time, to add a third tier to the stacks. As 
 now constructed their capacity is for holding something more than 150,000 
 volumes. If extended into the easterly section of the room and carried 
 up to a third stage throughout, that capacity will be very nearly doubled. 
 In his recent annual report the superintendent of the library, speaking of 
 the provision for future accumulations of books, stated the facts as follows : 
 ' We can double their present number and then double it again without 
 filling, by 50,000 books, the space, even now appropriated to them. When 
 that is done there will still remain the great halls which the Art Gallery, 
 the Society of Natural Sciences and the Historical Society will some day 
 vacate, and which are ample for the storing of full twice as many more, 
 with reading-rooms proportionately supplied. In a word, the Buffalo 
 Library may grow, in some far future time, to the imperial magnitude of 
 a million books without going outside of its present walls.' 
 
 Supporting nothing but their own weight, with that of the books which 
 they carry, the stacks are of a simple and light construction. Thin cast- 
 iron cross-pieces, or bearings, slide upon standards of one-inch gas pipe, 
 being adjustably fixed in place by steel set-screws, and these are flanged 
 for holding the shelves. The platform which constitutes the floor to the 
 second stage is of light iron gratings and rough glass in about equal 
 proportions. The stacks are 15 feet long, each divided into five shelf- 
 sections of three feet each. They are 18 inches in depth, from face to 
 face, thus giving a shelf nine inches wide on each face, and there is no 
 partition between these two opposed shelves. The passage between the 
 stacks is 32 inches wide, and this is found to be quite sufficient. 
 
 There are two rows of these stacks, with a broad passage enclosed 
 within iron railings carried down through the middle of the room between 
 them. The passage is bridged to establish easy communication from one 
 row of book-stacks to the other. The purpose of this passage-way is to 
 give public entrance to the large room at the easterly end of the book- 
 stacks, which will not be needed for book storage until many years hence.
 
 28 
 
 and which is important for other uses in the meantime. It has been pro- 
 posed that this commodious and very light reading-room, together with the 
 book-stacks on the northerly side of the contiguous book-room, be occupied 
 by the Grosvenor Library until such time as that institution is prepared to 
 erect a building of its own. But nothing to the purpose has been arranged. 
 At present the room is for teachers who bring classes to the library, for 
 students who wish to consult a great number of books, and for other special 
 uses of that character. 
 
 THE DELIVERY ROOM. 
 
 The delivery room, which is the foyer of the library, where every- 
 thing centers, and from which everything radiates, is an apartment of fine 
 proportions, with irregular form, and produces a striking effect upon the 
 visitor when he enters. Being really continuous with the adjoining cata- 
 logue-room, from which it is separated only by the piers of three wide, 
 round arches, the appearance is of an extended hall crossing the building 
 from street to street, 104 feet long and 40 feet wide. The walls are 
 frescoed in plain designs, but in rich, dark colors, Venetian red predomi- 
 nant, and this harmonizes finely with the antique, quartered oak wood-work 
 and furniture. The abundance of light in the rooms, from two wide streets 
 and from the large court behind, supports and enriches these dark colors, 
 which would not be admissible without it. 
 
 The delivery-desk faces the entrance to the room — which is the one 
 public entrance to the library- — and behind it are wide, high windows 
 opening into the court. At the left of the entrance, going in, are the 
 cases containing the remarkable collection of autograph manuscripts and 
 letters presented to the library by Mr. James Frazer Gluck, with some 
 others from other donors. To the right is the catalogue room, through 
 which one passes to reach the general reading rooms and the ofifice. 
 
 THE CATALOGUE ROOM. 
 
 This room contains the card catalogue of the library, in drawers which 
 are at one level, and which are covered with hinged lids, so that the use
 
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 of one interferes with no other. All bibliographical books, and such few 
 rare and curious books as the library now possesses, with its collection of 
 texts and versions of the Bible (just fairly begun) are also here, in fine 
 oak cases, behind glass. For the present, the collections of the library in 
 local history and literature are likewise placed in this room. 
 
 THE STUDY. 
 
 At the rear of the catalogue room is ' The Study,' or reference reading- 
 room, which we pass into through silent swinging doors, half crystal with 
 plate glass in beveled squares. It is full of light from windows on its 
 two longest sides, opening to the street on one hand, and to the large 
 inner court on the other. The room is 52 feet long by ZiV^ f^^t wide. 
 Its colors are soft and warm. It is well filled but not crowded with tables 
 and chairs. At each end of it are open cases in which a thousand volumes 
 or more of the commoner books of reference — encyclopaedias, dictionaries, 
 gazetteers, statistical annuals, and the like — are placed for free use. Other 
 reference books are with the general library in the book-room, and subject 
 to call. 
 
 READING-ROOM FOR PERIODICALS. 
 
 Passing in the opposite direction from the catalogue-room, through a 
 broad hall, the reading-room for newspapers and magazines is reached. It 
 occupies entirely the large bay in the front of the building, 54 feet by 38 
 feet in size, and has windows on three sides of it, looking out on wide, open 
 spaces of ground. In the fourth wall, at either hand on entering, are two 
 great fire-places and chimney pieces of terra cotta, which help much to 
 give a pleasant aspect to the place. In the middle of the room is a case 
 of peculiar design, having drawers below and open compartments above, on 
 each of its long sides. The compartments are of different sizes for period- 
 icals of every description, daily newspapers included, each one lettered for 
 its own. Few files are used, but every newspaper is stitched at the back 
 by a sewing machine and laid flatly, or with a single fold, in its place. 
 When necessary the paper is stitched upon a strip of tape to strengthen 
 it. Only a few of the latest numbers are left out in the open case, the
 
 30 
 
 older numbers being filed away daily in the drawers below for reference. 
 A lady attendant has charge of the room and re-arranges the periodicals 
 as often as they are displaced. The reading-room is frequented by both 
 ladies and gentlemen, and, though it is entirely free and almost constantly 
 filled, perfect order and perfect quiet are preserved in it. 
 
 THE LADIES' ROOM. 
 
 Although every other reading-room is open to ladies as well as to gentle- 
 men, the former are additionally provided with a reading-room of more 
 privacy for their exclusive use. As it naturally should be, the ladies' room 
 is the most beautiful in the building and the most choicely situated. It 
 is on the second floor, in the front, immediately above the reading-room 
 for periodicals just described. It has the same dimensions as that and is 
 correspondingly open to light and air, the prospect from several of its 
 windows being singularly fine. Its floor is made soft with rugs, and it is 
 furnished with the most comfortable of chairs. A lady attendant is always 
 present in the room. 
 
 AUTOGRAPH MANUSCRIPT COLLECTION. 
 
 The cases shown in one of the views of the ' delivery-room,' standing 
 at the northerly end of the apartment, contain a collection of autograph 
 manuscripts and letters which is probably unequalled in America. Excepting 
 a few contributions from other sources, the collection was made for the 
 library by one of its present curators, Mr. James Frazer Gluck. Many of 
 the manuscripts were purchased by Mr. Gluck and many were given for 
 the collection, by authors and publishers, at his request. The total number 
 is between three hundred and four hundred, of which more than half are 
 singly bound in sumptuous volumes. Some are collectively bound, and others, 
 among the shorter manuscripts and letters, are framed in oak. 
 
 The autographs in the collection which receive the mo.st attention, 
 perhaps, and are most interesting to the majority of people, are the 
 following : The entire original manuscripts of Emerson's ' Representative 
 Men'; of Parkman's 'Count Frontenac and New France'; of William Cullen
 
 03 
 
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 33 
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 31 
 
 Bryant's Introduction to the Odyssey ; Gladstone's essay on ' England and 
 Russia'; Lowell's essay on 'The Winthrop Papers'; Whittier's 'The King's 
 Missive'; Dickens' 'Great International Walking Match'; Mark Twain's 
 'Huckleberry Finn'; one of Bret Hartc's 'Condensed Novels' and 'For el 
 Rey'; Thoreau's essay on 'Mortal Glory'; Hazlitt's lecture on ' Dryden and 
 Fope'; Walt Whitman's essay on 'Robert Burns'; Leigh Hunt's criticism 
 of Carlyle's first lectures in London ; Sir Thos. Overbury's ' Observations 
 upon the Seventeen Frovinces,' A. D. 1609; o"e of Charles Kingsley's 
 lectures ; one of Tom Moore's songs with the music ; one of Chancellor 
 Kent's Opinions; one of Helen Hunt's 'Bits of Travel'; parts of the 
 autograph manuscripts of Sir Walter Scott's essay on ' Chivalry,' of Southey's 
 ' The Doctor,' and of Cooper's ' The Headsman ' ; a volume of Watts' Hymns, 
 in his handwriting ; single autograph poems by Dryden, Dorset, Burns, 
 Wordsworth, Keats, Coleridge, Hood ; a volume of Tennyson's proof-sheets 
 as he corrected them ; a volume of De Ouincey's proof-sheets and letters ; 
 a volume of Browning's and Mrs. Browning's letters ; characteristic and 
 important single letters by Washington, Jefferson, Franklin, Lincoln, Haw- 
 thorne, Foe, Voltaire, Rousseau, Jeremy Taylor, Dr. Johnson, Fope, Cowper, 
 Macaulay, Ruskin, George Eliot, Charles Lamb, etc., etc. 
 
 MINOR DETAILS. 
 
 On the same floor with the ladies' reading-room are the board of 
 managers' room, a small lecture-room, seating about 225 people, and a room 
 assigned to chess playing. 
 
 The office, on the main floor, is conveniently arranged for the adminis- 
 trative work of the library. Below it, and connected by stairway and book- 
 hoist, are well-lighted packing and storage-rooms in the basement. 
 
 The entire wood fittings and furniture of the library are of quartered 
 oak, antique in finish, and highly polished. The cases, desks and tables 
 were carefully planned, in dimensions, arrangement and place, by the super- 
 intendent of the library, and designed by the architect. 
 
 The library floors are generally covered with " noiseless corticine," a 
 material which seems to be admirably adapted to library use. It preserves as
 
 32 
 
 much quiet in the rooms as carpeting would do, while it can be washed 
 like a wood floor. Laid down in its natural brown color, with no pattern 
 printed on the surface, it looks well, even after much wear. 
 
 The incandescent electric light and gas light, in combination fixtures, 
 are introduced together throughout the library rooms. If one fails, the 
 other is at hand ; but the electric light is the one commonly in use. 
 
 Every room communicates with every other by speaking tubes and 
 electric sigrnals. 
 
 The warming of the building is by steam, from boilers placed in a house 
 entirely detached, at the rear
 
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 THE FINE ARTS ACADEMY.
 
 The Fine Arts Academy 
 
 * + ****+4-* + + -i- + ** + + + ***-i- + + + + -l- + -i- + *-H' + -l- + + -H- + 
 
 N the second floor of the northerly or Broadway wing of the 
 
 building, but extending up through two stories to the roof, 
 
 are the galleries of the Fine Arts Academy. Those at each 
 
 end are about 47 by 33 feet in dimensions, while the longer 
 
 and narrower gallery between them is 68 feet long Ijy ji}4 
 
 feet wide. All are skylighted from the roof through ceilings of thick glass. 
 
 At the time the view shown in this book was taken, the galleries were 
 
 unfinished and slightly furnished. 
 
 Connected with the galleries is an art school-room 40 by 41 feet in size. 
 In his address at the opening of the building, February 7, 1887, 
 Hon. Sherman S. Rogers gave the following brief historical sketch of the 
 origin and growth of the Academy : 
 
 When tlic future historian, writing of our great civil war, and looking for 
 truth more in the deeds of the time tlian in its talk, shall inquire as to the 
 spirit and temper of the north in those days of defeat and humiliation, I 
 think he may find one of some significance in this: that on the 8th day of 
 November, 1862, a few of our leading citizens founded the Buffalo Fine Arts 
 Academy. 
 
 I confess to a feeling of pride as I recall the fact that its first president 
 was my own honored and beloved kinsman, Henry W. Rogers. Would you 
 know the spirit with which the enterprise was started ? Let me read to you 
 from the address of Mr. Sellstedt, read at the annual opening ten years later. 
 There was immediate need of money, and Messrs. Rogers and Hazard were 
 appointed a committee to obtain it. 'They started on their mission,' says
 
 36 
 
 Mr. Sellstedt, 'on the morning of the nth of December and before 6 P. M. 
 had twelve subscribers of $500. They afterwards obtained one more, making 
 the whole amount $6,500.' Could we do much better to-day? 'Would you 
 know,' Air. Sellstedt continues, 'the names of the Guard of Honor? They 
 are Henry W. Rogers, George S. Hazard, Sherman S. Jewett, David S. 
 Bennett, Bronson C. Rumsey, Charles Ensign, Chandler J. Wells, John 
 Allen, Jr., Lauren C. Woodruff, Pascal P. Pratt, Stephen V. R. Watson, 
 Francis H. Root and James Brayley.' 
 
 The formal inauguration of the academy took place on the 23d of 
 December of the same year. Mr. Rogers held his office for two years. 
 Mr. George S. Hazard succeeded him. From 1869 to 1871 Mr. Rogers was 
 again president, and the office has also been filled by Sherman S. Jewett, 
 Eben. P. Dorr, C. F. S. Thomas, William P. Letchworth, Sherman S. Rogers, 
 Laurentius G. Sellstedt, John Allen, Jr., Josiah Jewett and Dr. Thomas F. 
 Rochester. 
 
 Josiah Humphrey, A. M. Farnham and L. G. Sellstedt have filled the 
 office of corresponding secretary, and H. Ewers Talmadge and Albert T. 
 Chester that of recording secretary. Dr. Chester's service extends from 1864 
 to the present time, and it may be safely said that with the exception of 
 Mr. Sellstedt no member of the executive board has rendered so much or so 
 valuable service. 
 
 At the first our art possessions were very cheerfully and pleasantly housed 
 in the Arcade block, on the northeast corner of Main and Clinton streets ; 
 afterward in the room so kindly provided us by the Young Men's Associa- 
 tion in the building they have just vacated, and still later in the Austin 
 fire-proof building on Eagle and Franklin opposite the city hall. The acad- 
 emy had begun to think it could not afford to be burned out. And now, 
 at last, we are moving 'Laramie Peaks' and 'the Bay of Capri' and the 
 rest of our treasures, together with some fine old trumpery which we cannot 
 yet spare, into this welcome, thrice welcome home of letters and science and 
 art. Here we trust they may remain until the greater Buffalo which we see 
 yonder in the first quarter of the twentieth century shall need our rooms for 
 the overflowing library, and a secure home shall have been provided for 
 them in a temple of art worthy of a great and generous city.
 
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 33
 
 SOCIETT OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
 
 The Society of Natural Sciences. 
 
 ♦ ♦* + + * + ** + ***** + ** + *4- + + + + *****4 + * + ** + ** 
 
 LTHOUGH the spacious rooms of the Society of Natural 
 Sciences are in the basement of the building, they lie nearly 
 at the ground level throughout most of their extent, owing to 
 the slope on which the building stands. The light in them is 
 perfect, and the museum, the laboratories, the library, and the 
 offices of the Society are excellently accommodated. 
 
 The important incidents in the history of the society were briefly touched 
 upon, and the chief treasures among its collections were pointed out, by 
 the president. Prof. Kellicott, in his address at the opening of the building : 
 
 It may be known to you, he said, that the society has just completed 
 twenty-five years of existence, and it seems well that I should revert briefly 
 to what it has accomplished during its first quarter of a century. I shall 
 not weary you with an attempt at a history of its achievements ; if this was 
 the occasion, I am not the one properly to do it, for there are those with 
 us who have known and aided it from the beginning; those whose names 
 appear on the first page of its proceedings. It is for some one of these to 
 write our history, not only from the records, but from experience and per- 
 sonal knowledge. The first page of the minutes contains the following: 
 'Buffalo, December 5, 1S61 ; Tuesday evening. Pursuant to a call through 
 the papers those interested in and connected with the formation of the 
 society met in lower St. James Hall for the purpose of organization. 
 Judge Clinton in the chair and T. Rowland secretary. The meeting being 
 called to order was addressed by Judge Clinton, and remarks were made by
 
 40 
 
 Dr. Clarke, Havens and others.' After the reading and adoption of rules 
 for government, officers were nominated and elected. This is the list : 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 President, Hon. George W. Clinton; First Vice-President, A. T. 
 Chester, D. D. ; Second Vice-President, Charles Winne, M. D. ; Corre- 
 sponding Secretary, SAMUEL Slade ; Recording Secretary, Theodore How- 
 L.\ND; Treasurer, LEON F. Harvey, M. D.; Librarian, RICHARD K. NOYE. 
 
 CURA TORS. 
 
 General Zoology, GEORGE E. Hayes, M. D. ; Ornithology, Prof. William 
 S. Van Duzee; Herpetology and Ichthyology, HiRAM E. Tallmadge; Ento- 
 mology, Charles D. Marshall; Conchology, Coleman T. Robinson; 
 Botany, C. C. F. Gay, M. D. ; Geology, Charles S. Farnham ; Paleontology, 
 David F. Day. 
 
 Judge Clinton remained the president of the society until his removal to 
 Albany in 1881. His virtues as a citizen, his devotion to the society and 
 to the advancement of science, are too well known to need repetition here. 
 It is conceded that the success of the society is largely due to his spirit 
 and his labors. The record of his investigations on the flora of this vicinity 
 must remain forever an honor to him, a benefit to all students of our plants 
 and a heritage of the society. Our extensive collection of plants, now known 
 as the Clinton Herbarium, is the result of years of untiring industry, and 
 appropriately bears the name of its author. I may add that it is the only 
 collection of plants within reach of the general student of botany in this city. 
 
 The first president was succeeded by Dr. George E. Hayes, himself one of 
 the first curators and a constant supporter of the society while he lived ; 
 by his will he endowed it with a larger amount than was ever given by 
 an individual to scientific associations in America. The bequest of Dr. 
 Hayes renders it possible in the future for this .society to take rank with those 
 of Boston and Philadelphia. He has established a perpetual free school of 
 science in Buffalo, to be administered by the society. Coleman T. Robinson 
 and Charles F. Wadsworth, curators at the first organization, have both 
 contributed large amounts to the society's possessions and largely to its 
 standing. The latter left it the Wadsworth collection of minerals, which is 
 indeed a treasure ; first for its intrinsic value as a carefully selected collec- 
 tion ; second, because it is within reach of our students and is the only one 
 thus accessible. The former left us by will his library and the greater part 
 of the present available invested funds. The valuable libraiy thus begun 
 has been increased by purchase and by exchange for the bulletin of the
 
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 41 
 
 society, until local students of science find here the means of investigation 
 found nowhere else in western New-York. I will take the time to mention 
 another matter which lends interest and value to this collection of books. 
 I shall not be disputed, I think, in the assertion that more original descrip- 
 tions of insects have been founded upon and referred to the identical books 
 of this library than to any other collection in America. I refer to the 
 descriptions by C. T. Robinson, A. R. Grote, L. F. Harvey and others. 
 
 There are other valuable collections which can scarcely be more than 
 mentioned. For example, that of local birds ; by it our students may identify 
 almost every species taken here; the beautiful collection of European birds 
 purchased, I am told, by subscription of the board of managers at a regular 
 meeting; then the waterlime fossils, the finest in any collection; the collec- 
 tion of shells and others deserve mention but must be omitted. Their money 
 value I dare not attempt to express. Now that they are stored in a fire- 
 proof building there is relief from anxiety.
 
 THE BUFFALO HISTORICAL SOCIETT.
 
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 The Buffalo Historical Society. 
 
 ***+++++++***+*+++*■+++++++*++++++ 
 
 MEETING of fourteen gentlemen, held in the law office of 
 the late O. H. Marshall, on the evening of the 25th of 
 March, 1862, was the beginning of the Buffalo Historical 
 Society. They were Orsamus H. Marshall, George W. 
 Clinton, Henry W. Rogers, George R. Babcock, Oliver G. 
 Steele, James P. White, Walter Clarke, Henry Lovejoy, William Dorsheimer, 
 Albert L. Baker, Joseph Warren, David F. Day, Edward S. Rich and John 
 Howcutt. They appointed a committee of seven to report a plan of organ- 
 ization, and the report was made to a larger and more public meeting, held 
 April 15th, at the rooms of the Medical Association. At that meeting, and 
 at a subsequent election, on the first Tuesday in May, the organization of 
 the society was perfected and its ofificers chosen, with the Hon. Millard 
 Fillmore, ex-President of the United States, in the presiding seat. 
 
 The first librarian and corresponding secretary was genial and gentle 
 Guy H. Salisbury — the Charles Lamb of early Buffalo — who gave most of 
 his time for a considerable period to the gathering and arranging of the 
 society's primary collections. He was succeeded by Dr. William K. Scott, 
 who held the post until 1867, when Dr. George S. Armstrong was called 
 to fill it. Dr. Armstrong was librarian and secretary for more than 
 twelve years, and resigned in 1879. His successors have been Rev. Albert 
 Bigelow, 1879- 1881, Elias O. Salisbury, 1881 -1883, and George G. Barnum 
 since the latter date.
 
 46 
 
 The collections of the society were deposited for some time in the 
 office of Hon. William Dorsheimer, where its meetings were also held. 
 From 1865 to 1873 ^^ ^^^^1 rooms in the building of the Young Men's 
 Association. In January of the latter year it removed to the Western 
 Savings Bank building, of which it occupied the entire third floor until 
 January, 1887, when it took possession of the fine rooms provided for it in 
 the new building of the Buffalo Library. 
 
 As shown by the latest report of the librarian, Mr. Barnum, the library 
 of the society now contains 9,360 volumes of books ; 769 volumes of news- 
 papers; 7,570 pamphlets; 689 maps, charts and volumes of maps; 118 
 manuscripts and 23 manuscript vols. ; 291 framed portraits, including 64 in 
 oil ; 805 portrait photographs, in albums ; 334 views, etc., framed and in 
 portfolios ; 4 vols, of autograph letters, etc. The collections of the society 
 in historical relics and mementoes are extensive and valuable. Battle-flag-s 
 and trophies of the Revolution, the War of 181 2, the Mexican War, the 
 Canadian Patriot War, and the Rebellion ; remains of the mound-builders 
 and the Indians ; relics of the pioneers of Western New-York and of the 
 early navigators of the lakes ; coins, medals and curios from many countries 
 and times, form a museum of the most interesting character. The " Francis 
 Memorials" of the Rebellion, collected by the late Julius Francis at a cost, 
 it is said, of $20,000, are a rare feature of the collections. The library of 
 the late John C. Lord, D. D., is soon to be placed in the keeping of the 
 society by the city, to which it was willed.
 
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 APPENDIX
 
 Official Register 
 
 OF THE YOUNG MEN'S A S SOC I /i T ION , NOIV THE 
 BUFFALO LIBRARY, 18)6-1887. 
 
 *+*****+++*+++++*-i' ++++*++*++++++++*+ 
 
 Abbreviations. — C, Curator of tlie Library; C. S., Corresponding Secretary; D., Director, or Manager; P., President; 
 R. E. C, Real Estate Commissioner; JC. S., Recording Secretary ; T., Treasurer; V. P., Vice-President. 
 
 Adams, J. C, D. 1S87. 
 
 Alberger, F. a., D. 1846. 
 
 Alberger, W. C, D. 1S60. 
 
 Allen, G. W., D. 1836. 
 
 Allen, J. Jr., D. 1863, 1864, 1865.— F. P. 1866. 
 
 Allen, W. K., T. 1867, 1868, 1873, 1874, 1875, \iTi.— 
 
 D. 1879, 18S0.— r. /'. 1881. 
 Atwater, S. T., D. 1839.— K. p. 1S45.— a 1846. 
 Austin, B. H., D. 1857, i860, 1861, i86g, 1S71. 
 
 Bacon, E. R., D. 1871.— C. 5. 1872. 
 
 Baker, A. L., D. 1851. 
 
 Baker, Clifford A., D. 1859. 
 
 Baker, H. H., D. 1867, 1871, 1884.—/'. 1S74.— K. P. 
 
 1885, 1886.— J?. E. C. 1875, 1876, 1877. 
 Barclay, W. H., D. 1870. 
 Barker, Geo. P., D. 1866. 
 Barnard, A. J., D. 1868. 
 Barnard, Albert, D. 1848, 1849. 
 Bass, L. K., C. S. 1862. —i?. 5. 1863, 1864. — Z). :868. 
 
 — V. P. 1870. 
 Beals, p. p., D. iSSo, 1881, 1882. 
 Bell, David, D. 1867, 1869. — P. 1873. 
 Bennett, Nathaniel, D. 1840. 
 Bennett, Thos., D. 1843. 
 Bentley, G. T., R. S. 1S61. — D. 1862, 1866. 
 Beyer, Wm. H., D. 1B70. 
 Bishop, A. W., £>. 1859, i860. 
 
 Bissell, Herbert P., C. 1887. 
 
 BissELL, W. S., D. 1874, 1S77, 1878, 1879. — /'. 1S80. — 
 
 />. £. C. 1883, 1884, 1S85. 
 Bliss, J. H., D. 1851, 1853.-/1'. S. 1852.— F. P. 1S54. 
 Boardman, Jnc, D. 1856. — C. S. 1857. 
 BowEN, D. A., D. 1851. 
 BowEN, Dennis, V.P. 1847. 
 Brayley, Jas., D. 1863, 1864. 
 Bristol, C. C, V. P. 1838. — /). 1840, 1849. 
 Brown, Geo., V. P. 1836. 
 Brown, Geo. P., D. 1848. 
 Brown, Jno. S., C. S. 1841. 
 Brown, Matthew, Jr., D. 1841. 
 Bryant, I. F., D. 1848, 1S49. — C. 5. 1850, 1851. 
 Bryant, Warren, D. 1839. — V. P. 1840. — /'. 1841. 
 Bryant, Wm. C, D. 1867. 
 Bull, Henry, C. S. 1867, 1868.-/1. 6'. 1870. — D. 
 
 1875.— V. P. 1877. — /'. 1882. 
 Bull, J. B., 7'. 1840, 1841.— V. P. 1843. — /'. 1844. 
 Burch, J. H., T. 1838. 
 burchard, e., d. 184i. 
 Burrows, R. L., R. S. 1851.- C. S. 1853.-/). 1855. 
 
 — V. P. 1857. 
 Burt, H. W., T. 1865. 
 
 Burtis, p. p., D. 1878. — /". 5. 1879.— V. P. i88o. 
 Burwell, G. N., D. 1846. 
 Burwell, Tiieodotus, C. S. 1842. 
 Bush, Myron P., D. 1846, 1862, 1S63, 1864.— K. P. 1847.
 
 50 
 
 Butler, C. W., D. iS66. 
 
 Butler, J. L., D. 1S46. — /'. /'. 1847. — P. 1S52. 
 
 Butler, Morris. D. 1840. 
 
 Cady, F. L. ,\., D. 1869. 
 
 Callender, S. N., V. P. 1836. 
 
 Cameron, Angus, D. 1853, 1856, 1S57. 
 
 Case, Harlow, T. 1839. 
 
 Chamberlain, H. S., D. 1836. 
 
 Chamberlain, S. M., R. S. 1852.— C. S. 1855.— V. P. 
 
 1856. 
 Clark, Seneca A., T. 1879. 
 Clark, Thos., £>. 1863, 1864. 
 Clarke, Stephen C, D. 1865. 
 Clay, H. M., D. 1870. 
 Cleveland, Grover, Z>. 1862, 1869. 
 Clinton, De Witt, D. 1855. 
 Clinton, G. D. W., £>. 1859. 
 Cobb, Carlos, D. 1852, 1853, 1854. — K. P. 1S57. 
 Cochrane, A. G. C, R. S. 1836, 1838. 
 CoiT, Geo. Jr., £>. 1848, 1849. 
 Coleman, Jno. H., B. 1854. 
 Cornwell, W. C, D. 18S5, i886, 1887. 
 Cowing, E. H., D. 1850. 
 Cowing, H. O., D. 1843. 
 Cowing, Jas. A., £>. 1839. 
 Crane, Thos., £>. 1850, 1851, 1852. 
 Cutting, Harmon S., D. 1842, 1852. 
 
 Dani-orth, F. L., C. S. 1S71. —R. E. C. 18S6, 1887. 
 
 Davis, Wm., Z>. 1848. 
 
 Davock, Jno. W., D. 1841, V. P. 1842. 
 
 Daw, a. D., R. S. 1855. — X). 1856, i860, 1861.— y. P. 
 
 1857, 1859, 1866. 
 Dawley, Job S., D. 1872. 
 Day, David F., R. S. 1853.— C. S. 1856.— /). 1857, 1859. 
 
 —P. i860. 
 Dei.ong, Jas., D. 1839. 
 
 Demarest, Jas., £>. 1855, 1856, 1862. — C S. 1858. 
 Dobbins, David, D. i860. 
 Dobbins, Jno. R., £>. 1873. 
 Dorr, G. P., Z>. 1874. 
 
 DORSIIEIMER, \Vm., C. S. i860. 
 
 Doughty, N. W., £>. 1844, 1845. 
 
 Doyle, Peter C, C. S., 1869. 
 
 Doyle, Wm. L., Z>. 1863, 1864. — Vf. 5. 1865. 
 
 Dudley, Thos. J. Jr., D. 1847. 
 
 Dunbar, G. H., 7". 1872. 
 
 Dunbar, J. J., Z>. 1867.— F. T*. 1871. 
 
 Edmunds, Thos., D. 1851. 
 Ellas, F. S., Z>. 1843. 
 Emerson, C. I^., £>. 1842. 
 Ensign, Chas., £>. 1863, 1864. 
 Evans, C. W., Z>. 1850.— F. />. 1851. 
 
 Evans, E. T., D. 1864, 1870.— F. P. 1867. — /'. 1868. 
 
 — y?. £. C. 1880. 
 Evans, Ellicot, Z". 1856. 
 Evans, J. C, Z>. 1838, 1839. 
 
 Evans, L. M., A'. S. 1866. —£>. 1868. — F. P. 1871. 
 Ewers, Talmadge, Z>. 1861. 
 
 Fairchild, J. L., V. P. 1863, 1864. — C. S. 1866. 
 Farr, Rinaldo, £>. 1841. — ./?. 5. 1843.-7'. 1844, 
 
 1845, 1846. 
 Felton, Jno., D. 1866. 
 Fillmore, Millard, D. 1854. 
 Fish, S. H., D. 1853, 1854. 
 FisKE, Chas., R. S., 1873. 
 FisKE, F. W., £>. 1858.— V. P. 1875. 
 Fitch, A. B., D. 1859, i860. — A'. S. 1862. — F. />. 
 
 1863, 1864. 
 Flaherty, Jeremiah, D. 1843. 
 
 Fleming, Wm., £>. 1856, 1S57. — F. P. 1858. — P. 1859. 
 Fobes, Wm. D., D. 1845, 1855. —A. .S. 1846, 1847.— 
 
 V. P. 1848, 1849. 
 FoLGER, E. F., £>. 1851, 1852. — r. 1853, 1854. 
 Folsom, Oscar, C. S. 1865.— K. P. 1S68. — /". 1872. 
 Ford, Rensselaer, D., D. 1871. 
 Fox, B. F., £>. 1852. 
 
 Fox, Watson A., Z>. 1845. — V. P. 1846. 
 Foy, Robert D., P). 1844. 
 French, H. C, i». 1876, 1883, 1884, 1885. —>?. 5. 1S77. 
 
 Gates, D. F., D. 1863, 1864. 
 
 Gardner, E. G., D. 1859. 
 
 Gaylord, H. M., D. 1859. 
 
 Gibson, Jas. C, D. 1848. 
 
 Gluck, Jas. Eraser, C. 18S5, 1886, 1S87. 
 
 Gold, Chas. R., /J. 1842. 
 
 Goodyear, C. W., P>. 1880, 1882.— K. /*. 1881. 
 
 Gorham, Geo., £>. 1881.— V. P. 18S2, 1S83. — A'. A'. C. 
 
 1884, 1885, 1886. 
 Graves, Jno. C, Z>. 1880, 1881, 1882. 
 Gray, David, P>. 1862, 1869. — C S. 1863, 1864.— 
 
 r. P. 1871. — C. 1877, 1878. 
 Gray, E. P., £>. 1856. 
 Greene, Jno. B., D. 1873, 1874.-/1'. S. 1875.— K. P. 
 
 1876. — C. 1877. 
 Greene, Wm. H., D. 1841, 1843. 
 Guenther, Jno. G., P>. 1850, 1851, 1854.— V. P. 1852, 
 
 1855.—/'. 1856. 
 Guenther, N. J. R., D. 1859. 
 Gurney, Wm. H., £>. 1875. — C. 6'. 1876. — F. P. 1877. 
 
 — /». 1878. 
 Guthrie, S. S., />. 1855. 
 
 Halbert, N. a., D. 1854. 
 Harroun, G. R., D. 1858. 
 Harvey, Alex. W., D. 1850, 1851, 1852.- 
 -P. 1855. 
 
 F. />. 1853.
 
 51 
 
 Harvey, C. W., D. 1840, 1841.— V. P. 1843. 
 Hawley, E. S., D. 1873, 1878. — iP. S. 1874. — C. S. 
 
 1875, 1877.— V. P. 1879. 
 Hawley, Elias %.,R. S. 1839.1845. — £>. 1840, 1S41, 1847. 
 Hawley, Lucian, >?. 5. 1844.— C. S. 1852.— F. P. 1854. 
 Hawley, Seth C, P. 1836. 
 Hayes, Edmund, P. K. C. 1S87. 
 Hayes, Geo. B., R. S. 1868.— j9. i86g, 1870, 1883, 1884, 
 
 1885. 
 Hayes, Geo. E., D. 1836. — /'. 1S38. 
 Hayes, Jos. L. H., D. 184S. 
 Hayward, Geo. W., T. 1866. —/). 1868, 1876,1877, 
 
 1878, 1879. —i?. E. C. 1872, 1873, 1874. 
 Hazard, E. E., V. P. 1865, 1869. 
 Heco.x, W. H., V. P. 1844, 1845. 
 Hekford, R. R., D. 1886. 
 
 Hiubard, Geo. B., D. 1851. 
 
 Hibbard, L. D., D. 1844. 
 
 Hill, J. F., D. 1849. 
 
 Hollister, F. M., C. 1876, 1S77, 1878, 1880, 1881, 1882, 
 
 18S3, 1884. 
 Hollister, J as., V. 1840. 
 Holloway, Isaac, D. 1859, 1870. — V. P. i860, 1862, 
 
 1869. 
 Holloway, Jno. A., D. 1872, 1873. 
 HoLMAN, E. D., D. 1857. 
 Holt, H. N., D. 1839. 
 Hopkins, H. R., D. 1S82, 1883, 1884. 
 Hopkins, N. K., D. 1S45. — C. S. 1846. 
 Howard, R. L., D. 1846, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1863, 1864, 
 
 1865.— V.P. 1861.— P. 1862. 
 HuBBELL, Jno., D. 1848. — F. P. 1849, 1850. 
 Hunt, Sanford B., V. P. i860. 
 Hunt, Simon B., D. 1845. 
 Hutchinson, Jno. M., £>. 1844, 1845, 1850, 1865, 1870. 
 
 — K. P. 1S46. — P. iSsi.—P. B. C. 1S77, 1S78, 
 
 1879, iSSi, 1S82. 
 
 Ives, William, LibraHan 1852 — 1887. 
 
 Jenkins, Lewis, Librarian 1850 — 1852. 
 
 Jewett, E. R., V. P. 1845. 
 
 Jewett, Henry C, D. 1862, 1866. 
 
 Jewett, Jno. J. C. L., D. 1865. 
 
 Jewett, Josiah, D. 1867, 1868. 
 
 Jewett, S. S., P. 1865. 
 
 Jones, H. R., D. 1S71, 1874. 
 
 Joy, L. B., C. S. 1859.— T. i860. 
 
 Joy, Walter, V. P. 1838. — Z>. 1S39. — />. 1840. 
 
 Kean, Thos., D. 1876 
 
 1882, 1883. 
 Kennett, Thos., D. 1840, 1844. 
 KiBKE, Geo. R., D. 1837, 1854. 
 KiMBERLY, J. L., Jr., D. 1867. 
 
 C. 1878, 1879, 1880, 18S1, 
 
 Lacy, Jno. T., D. 1838.— V. P. 1839, 1841, 1842. 
 Lacy, W. H., D., 1836. 
 
 Langdon, G. p., D. 1857, 1859.— V. P. 1862, 1867. 
 Larned, J. N., D. 1872, li.Ti.—Superint'd't 1877 — 1887. 
 Laverack, Geo. E., D. 1872, 1873, 1876, 18S7. — V.P. 
 
 1874, 1875, 1878. 
 Laverack, Wm., Jr., D. 1S38. 
 Laverack, Wm. A., D. 1866. 
 Lee, John R., T. 1836. 
 Lee, R. Porter, D. 1874. 
 
 Lent, Jas. M., P. S. 1869. —Z). 1871.— V. P. 1872. 
 Letchworth, Wm. P., D. 1858. 
 Levake, W. S., D. 1842. 
 Lewis, Geo. A., P. S. 1878. — /). 1879, 1880. 
 Locke, F. D., Z>. 1873. — C. S. 1874.—/'. 1875. 
 LocKwooD, Daniel N., j9. 1870. 
 Lockwood, Jno. F., D. 1852, 1853, 1854. 
 LooMis, Chas. T., Z). 1872, 1873, 1877. — C. S. 1878. 
 Loomis, Thos., £>. 1867, 1869.— V. P. 1868, 1870. 
 Lord, T. S., V. 1842. 
 
 Lovering, Chas. F., P. S. 1S56. — Z?. 1857. 
 Lyon, Jas. S., V. P. 1870. 
 
 McCoLLUM, L. W., P. S. 1880. — C. S. 1881. 
 
 McDonald, C. C., Z>. 1872. 
 
 McKay, Alex., D. 1839, 1845. 
 
 McMillan, D. H., C. S. 1883.— K. P. 1S84, 1883, 1886. 
 
 — D. 1887. 
 Mann, G. Edward, D. 1876. 
 Marshall, C. D., D. 1882. —P. E. C. 1887. 
 Martin, Elijah M., D. 1843. 
 Martin, H. H., R. S. 1858. 
 Mathews, Amos I., Z>. 1850. 
 Mathews, Geo. B., Z). 1881, 1883. 
 Merrill, H. L., P>. 1850. 
 MiLBURN, Jno. G., C. 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1884, 1885, 
 
 1886. 
 Millar, A. P., Z?. 1866. 
 Millard, H. W., D. 1850. 
 Miller, Chas. G., £>. 1851, 1852.— K P. 1853. 
 Morse, Chas. H., P. S. 1859. — Z). i860.— C. S. 1861. 
 Movius, Edward, £>. 1885, 1886.— V. P. 1887. 
 Mulligan, Eugene, D. 1847.— F. P. 1S48. 
 
 Newbould, F. W., Z?. 1842. 
 
 Newell, Robert, D. 1869. 
 
 Newhall, Daniel, Z>. 1876, 1879, 1880, 1881. 
 
 Newman, Geo. L., Z?. 1844, 1845. 
 
 Newman, Jas. M., £>. 1841, 1S43. — A'. S. 1850. — V. P. 
 
 1851, 1854, 1855, 1858. 
 Nichols, A. P., y. P. 1843. 
 NiMS, OziAS L., P>. 1868. 
 Nolton, H. G., T. 1870. 
 Norton, Chas. D., C. S. 1847. —Z'. 1850. 
 Norton, Chas. P., Z5. 1884, 1885, 1886. 
 Norton, Edward, P. 1839.
 
 52 
 
 Norton, Porter, D. 1S87. 
 
 NoYE, R. K., D. 1S71, 1874, 1875. —P. 1879. 
 
 Palmer, Everard, D. 1853, 1861, 1S65.— C. S. 1854.— 
 
 V. P. 1855, 1856.— /'. 1857. 
 Palmer, Harlow, D. 1845, 1846, 1S47. 
 Peabody, W. H., D. 1S60, 1861. 
 Pease, Jno., Jr., D. 1S67. 
 Penfield, Jas. H., D. i860, 1861. 
 Peters, T. C, D. 1838.— V. P. 1839. 
 Pickering, E. P., T. 1S47. 
 Plimpton, Geo. D., T. 1869. 
 Plumb, Ralph H., D. 18S5, 1SS6. — V. P. 1887. 
 Poole, R., D. 1836. 
 PooLEY, Chas. a., D. 1887. 
 Powers, Jno., D. 1857. 
 Pratt, P. P., D. 1843. 
 Pratt, S. F., D. 1838, 1839, 1840. 
 Putnam, Geo. P., C. S. 1S70. 
 Putnam, Jas. O., D. 1846. 
 Putnam, Jno. S., D. 1S42. 
 
 Hamsdell, Thos. S., D. 1875, 1876, 1880, 18S1. — C. S. 
 
 1879. 
 Raymond, Chas. H., D. 1836, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841. 
 Raynor, Aug., D. 1838. 
 Rich, Ed. S., T. 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864. 
 Rich, G. Barrett, T. 1871. — V. P. 1873, 1874, 1875. 
 
 — i3. 1877. 
 Richmond, Alonzo, D. 1873. 
 Richmond, Henry A., D. 1862, 1S63, 1S65.— /'. P. 
 
 1864.—/'. 1869. 
 Richmond, Jewett M., D. 1SS4. — P. 1SS5, 1886, 18S7. 
 Rochester, Jas. H., T. 1842. 
 Rochester, Nathaniel, D. 1878, 1879, 1882, 1S83. — 
 
 C. S. 1880.— .ff. .S. 1881. 
 Rochester, Wm. B., Z>. 1852. 
 Rogers, Perry, P. P. S. 1854. — Z). 1855. 
 Rogers, Sherman S., £>. 1862. 
 Rollins, A., B. 1843. 
 Root, A. R., P>. 1858, 1859. 
 
 Rounds, E. H., P. S. 1884, 1885, 1886. — Z>. 1887. 
 Rounds, Geo. W., D. 1852. 
 Rumrill, H., £>. 1846. 
 Rumsey, B. C., P>. 1849, 1862. — T. 1850, 1851, 1852. — 
 
 P. 1853. 
 Rumsey, D. P., V. P. 1865, 1867. 
 Russell, Robert, P. S. 1857. 
 Russell, Wing., D. 1838. 
 
 Sage, H. H., D. 1855. 1S56. 
 
 Salisbury, Guy H., £>. 1842, 1843. — /". S. 1848.— 
 
 C. S. 1849. — V. P. 1850. 
 Sargeant, Phineas, Librarian 1839 — 1850. 
 Sawyer, Jas. D., D. 1853, 1854, 1855, 1858. 
 Sears, F. A., D. 1856, i86t.— T. 1858.— /■. P. 1S60. 
 
 Seymour, H. S., D. 1S41. 
 
 Shattuck, Chas. T., D. 1844. 
 
 Sheldon, Jas., D. 1844, 1845. — V. P. 1846.—/". 1848. 
 
 Sherman, Isaac, D. 1846, 1S49. 
 
 Sherw'ood, Albert, P. 1866. 
 
 Shiels, Thos., D. 1858. 
 
 Sicard, Geo. J., C. 1883, 1S84, 18S5. 
 
 SiDWAY, Frank, D. 1S65. 
 
 Simons, Seward A., D. 1885, 1886, 1887. 
 
 Simpson, C. D., D. 1875. 
 
 SiRRET, Wm. B., D. 1871, 1S72.— V. P. 1873. 
 
 SizER, Thos. J., P. S. 1840, 1841, 1842. 
 
 Smith, Edward B., £>. 1865, 1S66.—P. 1883, 1884.— 
 
 P. E. C. 1SS5, 18S6. 
 Smith, Edwin, T. 1843. 
 Smith, H. K., D. 1S36. 
 Smith, Jas. M., C. S. 1843.— V. P. 1S44. — A'. E. C. 
 
 1872. 
 Smith, Junius S., D. 1861. 
 Smith, Wm. L. G., C. S. 1840.—/'. 1842. 
 Snow, Frank M., D. 1856. — r. 1857.— K. P. 1858, 
 
 1859. 
 Spencer, Ray T., R. S. 1871.— Z). 1S72, 1873. 
 Sprague, E. Carlton, D. 1847. — V. P. 1849, 1S52. — 
 
 P. 1876. 
 Sprague, Henry S., D. 1877, 1879, 1880, i88i, 1883.— 
 
 V. P. 1878, 1882.— C. S. 1884. 
 Sprague, Henry Ware, D. 1886, 18S7. 
 Starr, Geo. W., D. 1850. 
 Steele, O. G., D. 1836.— f'. P. 1S38.— /?. E. C. 1872, 
 
 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876. 
 Steele, O. G.,Jr., D. 1867, 1S68. 
 Sterling, A. S., D. 1842, 1844. 
 Stevens, Edward, V. P. 1861. 
 Stevens, Milo, D. 1858. 
 Stevens, F. P., C. S. 1S36. 
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 53 
 
 Uti.ky, Horace, D. 1849. 
 
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 Wright, Thos. H., B. 1844. 
 
 Young, Chas. E., r. P. iSsg.—D. 1861. 
 
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