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IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
m GREECE 
 WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 By 
 
 William Amory Gardner 
 
 Master at Groton School 
 
 Boston 
 Little, Brown, and Company 
 
 1908 
 
K.-^^ 
 
 '^o.^ 
 
 o^ 
 
 C(ypyrighL 1908, 
 By Little, Brown, and Company. 
 
 All rights reserved 
 
 Published AprU, 1908 
 
 COLONIAL PRESS 
 
 Electrotyped and Printed by C. H. Simonds & Co, 
 
 Boston, U.S.A. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 This book is the outcome of a month spent in 
 Greece in the early spring of 1905. From my own 
 experience, I am led to hope that other travellers 
 will find their pleasure in visiting scenes of classic 
 association increased by reading on the spot pas- 
 sages from the ancient poets and story-tellers, 
 which those scenes recall. 
 
 The following pages contain a number of such 
 passages, connected by a slender thread of narrative. 
 
 Many of the passages are very famous, and have 
 already been admirably translated. My only excuse 
 for offering new translations of these is that, as the 
 best translation in the world can only partly re- 
 produce the feeling of an original poem, each new 
 translation may possibly contain something which 
 will contribute its mite towards the unattainable 
 total 
 
 nRfiQ> 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 OHAPTBB PAGE 
 
 I. Acropolis 1 
 
 11. COLONUS AND THE ACADEMY ... 20 
 
 III. Eleusis 35 
 
 IV. Aegina 60 
 
 V. Marathon 77 
 
 VI. Corinth 89 
 
 VII. Mycenae 107 
 
 VIII. The Argolid and Nauplia . . . 132 
 
 IX. Delphi 141 
 
 X. Parnassus to Thebes .... 165 
 
 XI. Olympia 183 
 
 XII. The Story of Nausicaa . . . .203 
 
 Appendix 223 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 " Ship of the PfliEACiANS," Corcyra . Frontispiece 
 Gorge of the Castalian Spring, 
 
 Delphi Vignette on Title 
 
NOTE ON THE TRANSLATIONS 
 
 In most of the translations I aim to be as nearly 
 literal as possible. I usually reproduce hexameters 
 by hexameters, and Iambic trimeters by blank verse. 
 It seems quite impossible to reproduce in English the 
 more difficult meters without wide departure from 
 the original words. In such cases I make an attempt 
 either by an occasional rhymed ending, or by a faint 
 echo of the general rhythm, to preserve something 
 of the ancient lyrical spirit. When this has seemed 
 impossible, all that I have attempted is a division 
 of the passages into verses of lengths varying some- 
 what in harmony with those of the original. 
 
 For the sake of variety, I have done a few passages 
 into English rhymed verse. In these instances the 
 translation is, of course, less literal. 
 
 The spelling of proper names is not strictly con- 
 sistent. Where a name has become thoroughly 
 anglicized, I use the familiar spelling. 
 
 The original text of the principal poetical pas- 
 sages is printed in the Appendix. 
 
 vii 
 
IN GREECE 
 WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 ACROPOLIS 
 
 The historian, the archaeologist, and the architect 
 have told the world so much about the Acropolis 
 that a detailed account of the buildings would be 
 superfluous in these pages. It is purposed rather 
 to invoke the ancient writers of song and story to 
 repeat to us the legends of the Holy Hill. 
 
 The Acropolis rises high over the city and is 
 seldom out of the sight or the thoughts of the 
 traveller. One acquires the habit of visiting it 
 nearly every day. As we mount the crowded streets 
 and long stone stairways leading from the lower 
 town on the north, we pause for a moment near the 
 spot once occupied by the Prytaneum, or we search 
 in vain for traces of the Temple of the Dioscuri 
 which must have been somewhere near. We lift 
 the eyes and high above us we see, built into the 
 walls, the drums of the ancient Temple of Athene 
 
 1 
 
'i\ : IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 which were utilized in the rebuilding of the Acropolis 
 fortification after the Persian War. Lower down we 
 catch sight of a small opening in the jagged rocks, 
 and after a rough and difficult scramble, the opening 
 enlarges and we find ourselves at the entrance of 
 the grotto of Aglauros. 
 
 Aglauros was one of the three daughters of Ce- 
 crops, the ancient king of Athens. Her sisters were 
 Herse and Pandrosos. To the care of the three 
 princesses Athene committed the mysterious infant 
 Erichthonius. The child was hidden in a chest which 
 the goddess bade the sisters by no means to open. 
 Pandrosos obeyed the injunction, but Aglauros 
 could not be content. The chest was opened, and 
 behold an infant with a serpent coiled about him. 
 Smitten with terror or with the madness of remorse, 
 the sisters leaped from the cliff and perished. At 
 this very time Athene was busy at the work of 
 fortifying her beloved citadel, and was carrying 
 a small mountain through the air to buttress the 
 northern wall. A crow brought her the news of 
 the opening of the chest, and in her agitation and 
 rage, she dropped the mountain which now domi- 
 nates the town as Lycabettus. The crow, as bearer 
 of ill-tidings, was forbidden thenceforth to light on 
 the Acropolis. 
 
 Another tale relates that Athene, to punish 
 Aglauros for her curiosity, inspired her with jealousy 
 of her sister Herse, who was loved by the god Hermes. 
 
ACROPOLIS 
 
 In punishment Hermes turned her to stone. Yet 
 another version of the story of Aglauros tells that 
 she leaped from the cliff to save her country, when 
 an oracle had demanded a victim as the price of 
 victory in war. " 
 
 It was doubtless in connection with this nobler 
 tradition that in after times, when the Youth of 
 Athens reached the age of military service, they 
 received in this cave the shield and spear, and 
 in the name of Aglauros, took the oath of devo- 
 tion to their country. Henceforth " They ^ swear 
 to regard as the boundaries of Attica, *The 
 Wheat, the Barley, the Vine and the OHve; ' being 
 taught to consider as their own all lands that are 
 cultivated and fruitful." 
 
 When Pisistratus wished to disarm the citizens, 
 that his tyranny might be the more secure, he bade 
 them all bring their weapons to the Anakeion.^ 
 "They came, and his henchmen advancing took 
 away the arms and deposited them in the sacred 
 precinct of Aglauros.'' 
 
 We enter the cave, and overhead, in the dim light, 
 we can make out a staircase hewn in the rock. 
 Wooden steps doubtless continued this to the floor 
 of the cave in ancient times. It was the staircase 
 of the maidens who, at the yearly festival, carried 
 a mysterious chest down from the Erechtheum 
 
 Plutarch: Alcib., 15. 
 
 ' Temple of the Dioscuri a little below the grotto. 
 
4 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 through the cavern to the precinct of Eileithyia in 
 the city below. To the westward of the grotto, 
 another stairway cUmbs the steep rocks the 
 Makrae/ as they were called, and leads to the 
 Pandroseum, thd open platform lying to the west- 
 ward of the Erechtheum and named for the good 
 sister Pandrosos. It is a difficult climb. This is 
 the way ^ by which Herodotus tells us ^ the Per- 
 sians, after many fruitless efforts to capture the 
 Acropolis, at last succeeded in effecting an entrance. 
 They quickly massacred the remnant who stayed 
 behind when the rest of the Athenians had fled to 
 Salamis, and they burned and destroyed every- 
 thing in the Citadel. Yet though they burned the 
 sacred olive planted by Athene herself, lo, within 
 two days, the immortal tree shot up higher than 
 before. 
 
 We follow a difficult path to the westward along 
 a slightly lower level. In a few minutes we come 
 to a second grotto that of Pan bestowed on the 
 god in gratitude for his assistance at the battle of 
 Marathon. Euripides, who is not sensitive about 
 chronology, tells us how Pan was wont to sit in his 
 cave and pipe for the maidens to dance in the 
 Pandroseum overhead: 
 
 * Long Rocks. 
 
 'Or possibly the above mentioned staircase inside the 
 grotto. 
 
 ' Herodotus, viii. 53 and 55. 
 
ACROPOLIS 
 
 " Oh ^ thou haunt of the mighty Pan, 
 Rock by the Long CUff cavernous, 
 Where with their feet the sisters three, 
 
 Aglauros' ^ daughters fair, 
 Oft tread their dances beside the fane 
 Of Pallas, over the verdant lawn, 
 In time to the varied sound of Hymn 
 
 When thou art piping there; 
 
 " Oh Pan, within thy cavern grot. 
 
 Where once of old a maid, 
 A mother too, ah hapless one! 
 
 Her tender infant laid -7- 
 Offspring of Phoebus as a feast 
 
 To winged creatures wild. 
 And bloody banquet to the beast 
 
 She left her helpless child. 
 
 " Ah dreadful deed! the fruit 
 Of union bitter never have I learned 
 In tapestry embroidered. 
 Nor yet in story told. 
 That happiness to mortal's lot 
 Hath been vouchsafed through offspring god- 
 begot, 
 
 Now or in days of old." 
 
 Eurip.: Ion, 492-508. 
 
 ' The mother of the maidens was also called Aglauros. 
 
6 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 The Western Grotto that of Apollo is less 
 interesting in itself, though lately it has figured 
 in Dr. Dorpfeld's able exposition of controverted 
 topographical problems.^ According to Pausanias, 
 it was here and not in Pan's cave that Apollo begat 
 Ion. The walls are covered with shallow niches for 
 votive offerings similar to those in Aphrodite's 
 sanctuary in the pass of Daphne. 
 
 We climb a rough staircase only to find our up- 
 ward way blocked by modern masonry. We stoop, 
 however, and enter at the left a low chamber, used 
 at one time as a Christian chapel " Of the 
 Apostles " and adorned with rude Christian 
 paintings. In the centre is the mouth of the cistern 
 called Clepsydra, which supplied the water-clock 
 in the Tower of the Winds in the city below. When, 
 during the war of Independence, the Turks were 
 besieged in the Acropolis, they were in sore straits 
 for want of water. After the citadel was won by 
 the Greeks, Odysseus Andritsos built a wall enclosing 
 the Clepsydra, and the supply was secure.^ The 
 name " Water-Stealer " refers to the frequent 
 fluctuations in the depth of the well. 
 
 Traces of masonry below the shrine of Apollo 
 mark the beginning of the Pelasgicon. This was an 
 ancient precinct, extending from this point round 
 
 * See chapter ix, line 1, note. 
 
 ' Long before this, in the early days of Athens, Cylon and 
 his conspirators suffered from thirst in the same manner. 
 
ACROPOLIS 
 
 the western end of the Acropolis, and along the 
 southern slope nearly to the sanctuary of As- 
 clepios. It was against the law to erect buildings 
 in the enclosure. Just after the Persian War, 
 however, when the Athenians returned from Salamis, 
 they were permitted to hve here temporarily. 
 
 A little to the northwest there rises a rough rock 
 with a gloomy cavern in its eastern side. To most 
 people it is a disappointment to learn that this 
 barren, uninteresting place is the famous Areopagus, 
 believed by many to be the Hill of Mars,^ where St. 
 Paul stood, and, with the great temples of the 
 Periclean Age full in view, declared to the Athenians 
 that " The Lord who made Heaven and Earth 
 dwelleth not in temples made with hands." A few 
 rough steps lead to the top of the rock, and there 
 are some traces here of the spot where the great 
 Life and Death Tribunal sat. We are told of two 
 stones on which plaintiff and defendant used to 
 stand. The one was called the Stone of Outrage, 
 the other the Stone of Shamelessness. The court 
 was sanctified by the goddess Athene herself, 
 when Orestes was tried here for the murder of his 
 mother. The vote was a tie, and the goddess 
 decreed that forever after a tie should mean ac- 
 quittal. The Plaintiff Furies in their rage and dis- 
 appointment threatened dire consequences to the 
 
 ^The name Areopagus may not refer to the God Ares. 
 The meaning is perhaps The Hill of the 'Apal, i. e. Curses. 
 
8 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 land, until at last they were appeased by Athene, 
 and induced to take up their abode in a cavern 
 beneath the rock, where they were henceforth to 
 be honoured as Eumenides Reverend Weil- 
 Wishers. The end of the great Trilogy of Aeschy- 
 lus represents the solemn procession which conducts 
 the Eumenides to their new abode. Blessings 
 unbounded are now invoked upon the land, re- 
 versing the former imprecations. 
 
 Chorus of Eumenides: "Oh * hail, all hail in the 
 
 blessings of wealth 
 Hail ye people of the town, ye whose dwelling is near 
 
 Zeus. 
 Loved of the beloved Maid, blest with wisdom now 
 
 at last 
 High in the esteem of Zeus, since 'neath Pallas' 
 
 wing ye rest. 
 
 Athene: "All hail ye as well, but fir^t I must 
 
 go 
 To show you the place of your future abode. 
 By the sacred torches of these your guides. 
 With sacrifice solemn, your path we attend. 
 Go, haste 'neath the Earth, every evil henceforth 
 To keep from our land, but all blessings to send 
 
 To our city victorious ever. 
 
 * Aeschylus: Eum., 949. 
 
ACROPOLIS 
 
 And ye lead the way for these our new guests, 
 Oh Kranaos' sons, ye guards of the State, 
 And be good their intent 
 Of every good thing to the people. 
 
 Chorus: " Oh hail, all hail again in portion 
 double! 
 
 All ye dwellers in the land, deities and mortal 
 men 
 
 Ye who Pallas' city sway, and if ye my dwell- 
 ing place 
 
 Shall with piety revere, no disaster need ye dread/' 
 
 Marshals of the Procession: " Go to your homes, 
 
 ye Mighty Ones, high honoured; 
 Children of Night, by joyful throng attended 
 
 Keep holy silence, people of the land! 
 'Neath ancient darkness of the lurking-places 
 Of Earth, with honourable off' rings splendid, 
 Keep holy silence, all ye citizens! 
 
 " Propitious and kind to our land 
 Come hither, oh reverend train. 
 With torch brightly burning your glad path dis- 
 cerning; 
 Ye people respond to our strain. 
 With shout of rejoicing again. 
 
10 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 " Libation and torchlight attend. 
 For Zeus hath vouchsafed to descend 
 As champion all-seeing, and Fate too, agreeing; 
 Ye people respond to our strain, 
 With shout of rejoicing again." 
 
 We mount the long flight of steps leading to the 
 citadel, and stop to rest on the platform of the 
 Nik^ Apteros Temple. In the early part of the 
 nineteenth century, there was left of the beautiful 
 little temple not one stone upon another, when Ross 
 discovered its fragments built into a Turkish bastion. 
 Wonderful to relate, little of importance was missing, 
 except a piece of the frieze taken by Lord Elgin 
 to London. The temple was rebuilt in 1835 in 
 almost unimpaired beauty. 
 
 " Most holy Victory, my life attend 
 Nor weary, crowns bestowing! " ^ 
 
 " From ^ this place there is a wide view over the 
 sea, and here Aegeus having thrown himself down, 
 as they say, perished. For the ship which carried 
 the youths and maidens to Crete, put to sea with 
 black sails. Now Theseus for he sailed forth 
 with some confidence against the so-called Bull of 
 Minos agreed with his father that he would use 
 
 * Eurip.: Iph. Aiil. end. 
 ' Pausanias, i. 22. 5. 
 
ACROPOLIS 11 
 
 white sails, if he should sail homeward victorious 
 over the Bull. But he forgot all this, when he 
 carried off Ariadne. Accordingly Aegeus, when he 
 saw the ship approaching with black sails, sup- 
 posing his son to have perished, hurled himself 
 from the height and was destroyed." The " wide 
 view over the sea '' well deserves its fame. 
 
 In Plato's Phaedo we learn how the expedition 
 of Theseus influenced the circumstances of the 
 death of Socrates.^ 
 
 Phaedo. " It chanced that on the day before the 
 trial the wreath had been hung on the stern of the 
 ship which the Athenians are wont to despatch 
 to Delos." 
 
 Echecrates. " What ship is that? '' 
 
 Phaedo, " That refers to the vessel as the 
 Athenians say in which once upon a time Theseus 
 carried the * twice seven ' to Crete, and wrought 
 them deliverance and was delivered himself. Now 
 they vowed then to Apollo, as it is said, that if they 
 should be delivered, they would conduct a sacred 
 embassy to Delos each year. And they despatch 
 this embassy yearly in honour of the god from that 
 day even until now. Therefore, when they begin the 
 mission, it is their custom to keep the city pure 
 from defilement during that space and to put no 
 
 Plato: Phaedo, 58a and b. 
 
12 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 man to death publicly, until the ship come to Delos 
 and return hither again. And this is sometimes 
 a long interval of time, when it happens that winds 
 detain them. And the beginning of the mission is 
 the moment when the priest of Apollo places a 
 wreath on the stern of the ship. And this took 
 place, as I say, the day before the trial. So then a 
 long time elapsed for Socrates in the prison, the 
 time between his trial and his death." 
 
 Upon the Nike platform once stood the group of 
 the Three Graces by Socrates. The imagination 
 finds it difficult to connect the good old sage with 
 such work, and the archaeologists are incUned to 
 doubt the authorship. It must be remembered, 
 however, that Socrates was the son of a sculptor, and 
 we can find in his sayings hints of a special devotion 
 to the Graces as well as of his practical knowledge 
 of the art of sculpture. 
 
 tt 
 
 For^ what without the Graces is by man 
 To be desired? Ever be my lot 
 Beside the Graces cast." 
 
 " Of ^ waters of Cephisus sharing, 
 Ye who dwell in the land of goodly steeds. 
 
 ^Theoc: 16. 108. 
 
 2 Pindar : 01., xiv. 1-17. 
 
ACROPOLIS 13 
 
 Oh theme of poet's song, oh Queens 
 Of bright Or cho menus, 
 Ye Graces, guardians of the ancient Minyae, 
 Hear when I pray. 
 
 " For with you all that is delightsome, 
 All that is sweet, 
 On mortals is bestowed. 
 If one be wise or fair or splendid. 
 
 " For not without the Graces holy, 
 Even the gods rule dance or festival; 
 
 But ministers of all in heaven, 
 Their throne they set beside Apollo Pythian, 
 
 And reverence the glory everlasting 
 Of their Olympian Sire. 
 
 " Aglaia queenly and Euphrosyne^ 
 
 Lover of songs, oh hearken! 
 Ye daughters of the mightiest of gods. 
 And thou Thalia who in hymns delightest, 
 
 This joyful troop beholding 
 
 Beneath the smile of Fortune 
 
 As with Ught step it treadeth." 
 
 The Propylaea seems, next after the Parthenon, 
 to have been the building in which the Athenians 
 took the greatest pride. It is indeed a glorious 
 entrance to the glorious sanctuary. The great 
 
14 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 buildings of the Acropolis have, however, been often 
 described. Let us rather note minor details of our 
 stroll about the citadel, which recall some tale or 
 excite some reflection of interest. 
 
 We enter the mighty gate, passing the north- 
 west wing which was once adorned with the paint- 
 ings of Polygnotus,^ and the southwest wing, 
 altered and cramped from the original design. The 
 ancient precinct of Artemis Brauronia near by 
 might not be entrenched upon. Just inside the en- 
 trance is the base of a monument which recalls the 
 care and affection bestowed by Pericles on the 
 works undertaken, during his administration, for 
 the adornment of his City. One of the workmen 
 employed on the roof of the Propylaea, fell and 
 was seriously injured. In gratitude for a miracu- 
 lous recovery, the head of the State himself caused 
 a votive offering in honour of Hygeia, the goddess 
 of healing, to be erected on this base. 
 
 In spring the rock is carpeted with wild flowers, 
 which peep out between the innumerable fragments 
 of masonry and sculpture lying about the whole 
 inclosure. Anemones of all colours, daisies, as- 
 phodels, and certain beautiful pink and yellow 
 
 * One of the pictures represented Polyxena. A Greek 
 epigram tells us that " The whole story of Troy might be 
 read in her eyes." Protogenes painted for the Propylaea 
 a picture of the Paralos, one of the two State ships of 
 Athens. 
 
ACROPOLIS 15 
 
 flowers unfamiliar to foreign eyes, spring up where- 
 ever there is enough soil, and supply in some 
 measure the brightness of colouring which must 
 have pervaded the scene in ancient times. To under- 
 stand why the undoubted custom of using colour 
 on the sculptural and architectural details did not 
 strike as vulgar and gaudy this most sensitive 
 of peoples, we must try to recall the brilliant sur- 
 roundings, in the days when the gaily dressed 
 throng advanced in the Panathenaic procession 
 along a road lined on both sides with innumerable 
 votive offerings. All the bright bronze and gilded 
 chariots and shrines are gone, and there remains only 
 the hard rock of the road bed, deeply rutted by the 
 ancient wheels. Naturally then it is not easy for 
 us to realize that a statue or building of unreheved 
 whiteness might have seemed cold and cheerless 
 to the eyes of the festal throngs. 
 
 As we advance towards the Erechtheum, we pause 
 with interest at the remains of the pedestal on which 
 stood one of the three colossal statues designed by 
 Phidias. This was the Athene Pro machos, cham- 
 pion warrior goddess, less serene and calmly beauti- 
 ful than the gold and ivory maiden of the Parthenon 
 hard by; but dear to the sailor and to the traveller 
 returning from abroad. 
 
 For " of ^ this Athene the point of the spear and 
 
 Paus., i. 28. 2. 
 
16 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 the crest of the helmet become visible to those 
 approaching by sea from Sunium." 
 
 The statue was of bronze from the spoils " of the 
 Medes who landed at Marathon.'^ 
 
 In the Odyssey (viii, 80 and 81) the Goddess 
 Athene " came to Marathon and entered the stoutly- 
 built house of Erechtheus." 
 
 This building 
 
 " Where ^ first Athene brought to light 
 The shoot of the gray olive 
 A heavenly crown 
 And ornament to briUiant Athens," 
 
 has lately undergone a good deal of restoration. 
 The work has been well done, and has doubtless 
 preserved from ruin the famous North Porch which 
 has served as a model for so many doorways. 
 The Porch of the " Caryatides " is more beautiful 
 than photographs might lead us to expect, and we 
 recall the pretty modern saying that " These maid- 
 ens in their mournful dignity are thinking of their 
 sister in distant London." 
 
 It was in or near the Pandroseum, on the western 
 side of the Erechtheum, that the great discovery was 
 made in 1886 of the charming .statues of archaic 
 maidens. These are now in the Acropolis Museum. 
 
 Eurip.: Tro., 799. 
 
ACROPOLIS 17 
 
 One grows more and more to admire even love 
 these dear ladies. One has somewhat the feeling 
 about them that one has about the maidens of 
 Botticelli, while to the historian of art they are of 
 inestimable value. 
 
 South of the Erechtheum may be seen many 
 traces of the Old Temple which stood here before 
 the Persian War. These ruins are of great interest 
 to the archaeologist, but are not easy for a layman 
 to comprehend. We pass gigantic drums of pros- 
 trate columns and at last enter the Parthenon. 
 Even in its wrecked condition the wonderful temple 
 overwhelms the senses, the head, and above all 
 the heart. What it must have been in the days 
 of its glory we cannot attempt to conceive; but 
 though shorn of almost all ornament, and with most 
 of its columns overthrown, it is still the Parthenon. 
 Stand where the great statue stood and look East 
 to Lycabettus,^ over which the morning sun still 
 climbs; or mount the little stairway that leads to 
 the southwestern corner of the roof, and gaze 
 down over the valley of the Ilissus or across the bay 
 to Aegina; or sit on the western steps with the back 
 resting in one of the flutings of a mighty column, 
 looking forth to the far mountains of the Pelopon- 
 nesus, as the sun sinks behind Salamis, and darkness 
 steals across Piraeus and the Attic plain; it is 
 
 * Light-trodden, according to a now abandoned etymology. 
 
18 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 still overwhelmingly the Parthenon, though London 
 claims the greater part of the frieze and pediment 
 and metopes, and though much of what remains 
 is battered beyond recognition or has perished 
 utterly. The western frieze is beautiful still, and 
 several of the best slabs of the eastern frieze are 
 preserved in the little Acropolis Museum whither 
 we next bend our steps, to spend a happy hour 
 among the queer monsters from the archaic temple, 
 and the fine work of Pisistratid and early Phidian 
 times. 
 
 As we emerge and stroll along the south wall of 
 the Acropolis, we pass the site of the famous votive 
 offering of Attains, replicas of the chief figures of 
 which are to be found in many of the museums of 
 Europe. To one of these figures is undoubtedly 
 owed the inspiration which produced the " Dying 
 Gaul." We are told that part of this offering was 
 once blown over the wall by a mighty wind, 
 and was found in the theatre of Dionysus 
 below. 
 
 We descend from the Acropolis and take the path 
 leading to the left along the southern slope. Skirt- 
 ing the top row of seats of the well-preserved Odeum 
 of Herodes Atticus, a pubHc-spirited benefactor 
 of the Roman epoch, who built this monument to the 
 memory of his wife Regilla, one passes a suc- 
 cession of fragmentary remains of old Pelasgic 
 work, and finally reaches the much ruined precinct 
 
ACROPOLIS 19 
 
 of Asclepios/ where it is still possible to drink 
 a cup of the healing water of Hygeia's fountain. 
 
 One is glad to rest in the theatre of Dion^us, 
 and dream of the scenes enacted here. Though 
 nearly all the present building dates from a period 
 far later than the days of the Mighty Four, yet here 
 is the very spot where the most intelligent audience 
 in the world met at the festival of the God to witness 
 the great dramatic contests. Here were enacted the 
 woes of the cursed line^of Pelops, and the horrors 
 of the house of Oedipus; here Prometheus made his 
 immortal appeal against the tyranny of the go^: 
 here Alcestis taught the depths of woman's selt- 
 immolating love; and here too, in joyful hours, the 
 hoHday crowd took its delight in the merry squibs 
 flung at their wiseacres and demagogues.^ 
 
 Above our heads just under the Acropolis walls 
 near the cave of Hagia Speliotissa stand two 
 columns. They are relics of a Choragic victory, 
 and as we turn our steps homeward to the modern 
 city, we pass close to another such memorial, the 
 beautiful little Corinthian monument of Lysicrates. 
 
 * The precinct of Asclepios is familiar to us in the amusing 
 account in the Plutus of Aristophanes, of the cure performed 
 in this place upon the blind god of wealth. It is a ludicrous 
 medley of charlatan priest, sham patient, gluttonous old 
 woman, thievish servant, and medical hocus-pocus. 
 
 ' In the days when good-natured Socrates stood up during 
 a performance of the Clouds, to give the spectators a good 
 chance to compare him with his namesake on the stage. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 COLONUS AND THE ACADEMY 
 
 Perhaps most excursions in foreign lands 
 should be made in the company of one or more 
 friends. So much is gained by exchange of ideaS; 
 and so much of the beauty of nature is doubly en- 
 joyable, when one feels that another is sympa- 
 thetically affected, even if no word be spoken. 
 The walk here described, however, should be a 
 solitary one, at least for the first time. Afterwards 
 the scenes may well be revisited and the memory 
 refreshed by expression to a companion of that 
 which at first was all impression. 
 
 Down the long hill from the northeast corner of 
 the AcropoUs slope to the Dipylon, we take our way 
 through crooked streets and past somewhat be- 
 wildering ruins chiefly of Roman date. We receive 
 a confusion of impressions of Athens Modern, 
 Roman, and Hellenic; Athens Ecclesiastical, Com- 
 mercial, Christian, and Pagan. First we pass the 
 ugly Metropolitan: then a better Byzantine church; 
 then a busy street of shops; an old monastery, a 
 Roman Market Gate, and a portico of distorted 
 
COLONUS AND THE ACADEMY 21 
 
 giants; then the calm Theseum high on the left, the 
 railway station; and at last we reach the ruined 
 City Gate, and the peaceful cemetery of the Outer 
 Ceramicus. 
 
 We wander slowly among these tombs where 
 sleep the ancient dead, the poor and the rich, the 
 lowly and the great alike. Here we are particu- 
 larly struck with the incredible productivity of 
 Greek Art. Hundreds of the grave monuments 
 of the Ceramicus are without special renown, and 
 yet nearly every one is of great beauty. Most of 
 the masterpieces have been taken to the Museum 
 for shelter from the weather, but enough remain in 
 place to give joy and wonder to the beholder, and 
 send him on his way with high and holy thoughts. 
 Here is the brave young knight who fell at Corinth, 
 for ever striking down the foe beneath his rearing 
 charger; beyond is the great lady, taking her neck- 
 lace from the jewel-case held by her comely maid; 
 near by is the splendid charging bull; the great 
 hound with the upward glance of despair; the 
 grave elder with his wife and sons; and at last the 
 pathetic empty tombs consisting of four simple 
 gray slabs and Ud. This scene of solemnity and 
 beauty is surely a fitting place in which to bid 
 farewell to the city and the works of man, before 
 turning our steps onward to nature and the Attic 
 spring time. 
 
 It was in the first year of the Peloponnesian War 
 
22 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 that Pericles uttered on this spot the famous funeral- 
 oration preserved for us by Thucydides: 
 
 " I ^ will begin first with our forefathers. For it 
 is right and seemly on such an occasion, to lay 
 at their feet this tribute of remembrance. For 
 the same stock, ever dweUing in this land, have 
 handed it down free through their virtue by succes- 
 sion of descendants to this day. They are worthy 
 of all praise, and of greater praise still our own 
 sires are deserving. For, after winning in addition 
 to their inheritance, the great dominion we now 
 rule, they transmitted it intact to us not without toil 
 on their part. 
 
 " But I pass on to the encomium of these men. 
 For I deem it were not idly spoken, and that this 
 mighty throng of citizens and strangers would hear 
 the same with profit." 
 
 " For we enjoy a poUty which needs not emulate 
 the laws of our neighbours, but which rather serves 
 them as model. . . ." 
 
 So began the proud oration. Athens, the true 
 democracy of Moderation, the home of Piety, and 
 of all that adorns civiUzed Ufe this was the theme 
 of Pericles, and we can picture to ourselves the great 
 crowd as it departed from the cemetery filled with 
 undying devotion to such a fatherland, and with 
 
 > Thuc, ii. 36. 
 
COLONUS AND THE ACADEMY 23 
 
 high resolution to face for her sake all that the 
 oncoming days of war and pestilence might have in 
 store. 
 
 " And ^ more we have provided for the spirit 
 resting places after toil, religious games and services 
 throughout the year, adorned with the grace and 
 beauty our own Hberahty provides, the joy of 
 which day by day makes us forget our sorrows. 
 Through the greatness of our state, all things flow 
 hither from all the world, and it falls to our lot to 
 reap with no more famihar enjoyment the blessings 
 our own land provides than those which come to us 
 from aHen peoples. ... In our education, our 
 sons by toilsome effort from their earliest youth 
 pursue the path of manUness. . . . We love the 
 Beautiful with chastened taste, and pursue Phi- 
 losophy without effeminate weakness. Wealth we 
 enjoy more as furnishing opportunity for deeds, 
 than as occasion for empty boast; and it is no 
 shame to confess poverty 
 
 " Wherefore also I have dwelt at length on our 
 polity, in order to teach the lesson that for us the 
 struggle is for a far nobler stake than it is for those 
 who share in no such blessings; and also in order 
 to manifest by illustration the praise of those con- 
 cerning whom I now speak. And the chief part of 
 the eulogy has been spoken. For the brave deeds 
 
 Thuc, ii. 38. 
 
24 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 of these and such as these have adorned the tale 
 of our city which I have told, and not in the case 
 of many Greeks could words and deeds balance thus 
 equally in the scale. . . . And these our dead were 
 such in their lives in wise beseeming such a city. 
 But it behoves the survivors to pray that they may 
 maintain a spirit more fortunate in the event, per- 
 haps, but not a whit less daring towards the foe. . . . 
 For of famous men the whole world is sepulchre; 
 and not only the inscriptions written on their steles 
 at home proclaim their story, but even in aUen 
 lands, the unwritten remembrance of their spirit 
 even more than of their deeds abides in every man. 
 Do you then emulate these men to-day and, holding 
 that Happiness consists in Liberty, and Liberty 
 in Stoutness of Soul, shrink not from the dangers 
 of war. For it is not the wretched who have no 
 hope of good, who should more justly be unsparing 
 of their lives; but those in whose case the opposite 
 lot in life is still in the balance, and in whose fortunes 
 the change will be most tremendous, if in aught 
 they stumble." 
 
 The road * leads northward for about a mile, 
 until it passes the foot of a bare hill which rises on 
 the right. It is a dreary little hill. Scant grass, gray 
 pebbles, red, muddy soil, no trees. A forlorn and 
 
 ^ Near this road was the house of Timon, the hater of his 
 kind. This was also the course of the torch race held in honour 
 of Prometheus. 
 
COLONUS AND THE ACADEMY 25 
 
 ugly place. But the view is the recompense. The 
 hill commands a beautiful prospect of the Acropolis- 
 crowned city, the Attic mountains, the oUve groves 
 of the Cephisian Plain, the road winding up the pass 
 of Daphne, Salamis, Aegina, and the glorious sea. 
 To the north the Plain of Attica is defended by 
 the range of Mount Parnes. The clouds float over 
 our heads from the mountain towards the city as 
 they did in days of old to alight on the stage of the 
 theatre of Dionysus. 
 
 " Let * us rise to view 
 Clouds ever floating, 
 Of nature unstable, 
 Shining with dew. 
 From our Father Ocean groaning deep 
 To tree-clad mountain-summits steep, 
 Where our far-gazing watch 
 O'er the sacred soil. 
 Moist with its fruitage. 
 
 We still maintain. 
 And we hear the murmurs 
 Of holy rivers. 
 And the roar of the heavy-thundering main. 
 
 " For the eye of Ether unwearied gleams, 
 Bright with its marble-dazzling beams. 
 
 > Aristoph.: Clouds, 275 ff. 
 
26 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 " But cast we aside our wrapping of storms, 
 And gaze over Earth 
 With eye far-seeing. 
 
 Clad in our native immortal forms. 
 
 " Virgins Rain-bearing, 
 
 Let us go to the radiant 
 
 Country of Pallas, 
 
 Of Heroes daring. 
 
 Of Cecrops the lovely land to behoid, 
 
 Of the awful sacred rites untold. 
 
 Where the mystic shrine .._ 
 With service pious 
 Is opened wide; 
 And gifts most rare, 
 And high-roofed fanes 
 With images holy, 
 And the pomp of the blessed ones are there. 
 
 " And service and festival fair-crowned 
 In every season still abound. 
 
 " And the Bacchic mirth as the Spring ad- 
 vances. 
 
 And the heavy murmuring 
 
 Music of flutes, 
 And the joy of the sweet-resounding dances." 
 
COLONUS AND THE ACADEMY 27 
 
 Colonus itself is incredible. For this desolate 
 hill is the one of which Sophocles sang. In his old 
 age the poet was accused of imbecility, and, instead 
 of making a defence, he read before his judges the 
 famous ode in praise of his birthplace, thereby- 
 giving proof that his fires were burning undimmed. 
 
 " To ^ the fairest spot in the land, oh guest, 
 Of steeds of goodly training. 
 Thou art come, to Colonus the gleaming- 
 white. 
 Where the nightingale, loud complaining, 
 
 " With wail incessant doth fill the grove, 
 In the verdant coppice hidden. 
 Where the ivy dark is her haunting-place, 
 f And the shrine of the god, forbidden 
 
 " To mortal footstep the leafy shrine 
 With myriad fruitage teeming, 
 Unshaken by breath of wildest storm, 
 Unscorched by the sunlight gleaming. 
 
 " There the reveller-god, Dionysus, oft 
 In the midst of his nymphs attendant 
 His nurses divine doth lead the dance, 
 And with heavenly dew resplendent, 
 
 iSoph.: Oed., Col., 668 fif. 
 
28 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 " Narcissus, of mightiest Goddess- Pair 
 The chaplet in ancient story, 
 Its lovely clusters each passing day 
 Unfoldeth in constant glory. 
 
 " And golden gleameth the crocus bright, 
 Nor ever the Springs unsleeping 
 Which feed the streams of Cephisus fail, 
 In their task through the meadows creeping. 
 
 " But still unstinted from day to day 
 O'er the land's broad bosom streaming. 
 The river poureth its stainless flood 
 With swiftest foison teeming. 
 
 " Nor the holy band of the Muses nine, 
 As they ply their mystic dancing, 
 Nor Aphrodite the golden-reined 
 Avoid the spot entrancing." 
 
 It was at this blessed place that weary Oedipus 
 heard the voice which bade him rest at last from his 
 long sorrow, and here the exile found peace. 
 
 Messenger: " But ^ when he came to where the path 
 
 descends, 
 With brazen pavement rooted in the earth 
 He stayed at one of many parted ways, 
 
 ^ Soph.: Oed., Col., 1590 fif. 
 
COLONUS AND THE ACADEMY 29 
 
 Near to a hollow, where Pirithoiis 
 And Theseus made their ever-faithful league. 
 Halting 'twixt this and the Thorician Rock, 
 Beside the Hollow Sloe and stony vault. 
 He sat him down, and loosed his squalid robes. 
 And, calUng to his daughters, bade them fetch 
 Baths and Ubations from some running stream. 
 But they their sire's behest fulfiUing, cHmbed 
 Verdant Demeter's hill of prospect wide. 
 And in brief time the water fetched, and washed, 
 And with fresh garments clothed him, as is wont. 
 And when the task was done to his content. 
 And naught remained undone that he desired, 
 Zeus of the nether world loud thundered they, 
 The maidens, shuddered when they heard, and wept. 
 And, falling at their father's knees, they spared 
 Nor rendings of the breast, nor wailings long. 
 But straightway he, hearing the bitter cry. 
 Folding his arms about them, spake to them: 
 'Children, ye have this day no father more. 
 For lo, my time hath all run out, and ye 
 No more shall ply your toilsome ministry. 
 Hard task I know, my children, but one word 
 Alone redeems the whole of this your toil. 
 For dearer love from no man have ye had 
 Than from your father, and, of this bereft. 
 Ye now must pass the remnant of your lives.' 
 With words like these, and mutual embrace 
 Sobbing, they wept together till they reached 
 
30 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 An end of wailing, and their crying ceased. 
 
 A silence fell, when suddenly a Voice 
 
 Of one who summoned him, the hair of all 
 
 Erect with terror stood, for sudden fright. 
 
 The god had called him, called and called again: 
 
 ' Oedipus, Oedipus, wherefore Ungerest 
 
 In thy departure? Long hast thou delayed.' 
 
 Then he, well knowing 'twas the god who called. 
 
 Bade summon Theseus, ruler of the land. 
 
 And when he came, ' Oh dearest life,' he said, 
 
 * Give me thy hand in pledge of lasting faith 
 
 To these my daughters ye to him and vow 
 Ne'er to forsake them willingly, but aye 
 Vouchsafe such boon as thy kind purpose will.' 
 But he, as gentle knight, without delay 
 Promised by oath to do his guest's command. 
 And when he promised, straightway Oedipus 
 Stroking with feeble hand his daughters, spake: 
 
 * Oh children, it beseems the noble heart 
 
 To bear this grief, depart then from this place, 
 Nor seek to hear or see what heaven forbids. 
 But go with speed, let only Theseus bide, 
 The Sovereign, to behold what comes to pass.' 
 These words he ul^tered, as we all could hear, 
 And, with a copious flow of tears, the maids 
 With loud lament were led away, but when, 
 Brief time elapsing, we returned, we saw 
 The man no longer present, but the king 
 Shading his eyes, with hand before his face, 
 
COLONUS AND THE ACADEMY 31 
 
 As if some dreadful vision had appeared, 
 And one no man could bear to look upon. 
 After a little then in no long time 
 We see him do obeisance to the Earth, 
 And to Divine Olympus, in one prayer. 
 But by what fate the stranger perished, none 
 Of men, save Theseus only, could reveal. 
 For 'twas no fire-bearing bolt from God 
 That ended him, no blast from Ocean driven. 
 But either Heaven-sent guide conducted him. 
 Or Earth's foundation gaped with kind intent, 
 And took him to the world below unharmed. 
 For, not with groaning, nor disease, nor pain, 
 The man departed; but of human kind 
 The most to be revered, and if my words 
 To some seem madness I shall make no plea 
 To be beUeved of those who deem me mad." 
 
 The distance is not great from Colonus to the 
 bridge which crosses the Cephisus at the pretty 
 village of Golocythu, whence one can return to 
 Athens by tram. It is far preferable, however, 
 to turn aside and wander along the river-bank, 
 beneath the famous olives, till the Sacred Way is 
 reached, and the cypresses guide one cityward. 
 This is the precinct of Academus, and here we hold 
 communion with Plato and his band of intelligent, 
 high-souled Athenian Youth. 
 
 When Plato was sojourning at the court of 
 
32 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Dion ysiu s, Tyrant of Syracuse, the liberality of his 
 views once enraged the despot to such an extent 
 that he caused the philosopher to be seized and sold 
 into slavery. He was ransomed by a friend at an 
 unusually high price, and on his return to Athens, 
 the city offered to reimburse the friend. The offer 
 was refused, and the city then voted to use the 
 money in purchasing the plot of ground destined to 
 be immortalized under the name of the Academy. 
 
 The plot of ground was already famous. When the 
 Dioscuri came to Attica to rescue their sister Helen 
 whom Theseus had carried off an old man, 
 named Academus, revealed to them her place of 
 concealment. Whenever, therefore, in later times 
 the Spartans invaded Attica, they spared his farm 
 the later Academy in gratitude for the informa- 
 tion. The Tyrant Hipparchus founded here the 
 famous open air gymnasium wherein the youth of 
 Athens might ^ descend to the Academy and run 
 races beneath the Moriae ^ " crowned with white 
 reed, amid temperate companions, smelling of smilax 
 and of leisure and of the leaf-shedding poplar, 
 rejoicing in the season of spring, when the plane 
 tree whispers to the elm.'* 
 
 As one walks beside the Cephisus in the shade of 
 
 ^ Aristoph.: Clouds, 1005 ff. 
 
 ' These were sacred olive trees, offshoots of the tree planted 
 on the Acropolis by Athene. They belonged to the nation, 
 and were under the care of the court of the Areopagus. 
 
COLONUS AND THE ACADEMY 33 
 
 the olives, one seems to hear the words of Plato, 
 as he reasoned with his youthful friends, concerning 
 J ustic e, Courage, Temperance, and Immortality. 
 
 " And ^ thus, oh Glaucon, was the mystic tale 
 preserved and perished not; and it will save us too 
 if we obey it, and we shall safely pass the stream 
 of Lethe and keep our souls unstained. But if we 
 follow that which I counsel, and believe the soul 
 immortal and able to bear all woe and all weal, 
 we shall ever cleave to the upward road^ and 
 practise Justice with understanding. '^ 
 
 The air was sweet with the early spring flowers. 
 Far in front rose the Acropolis fortress sharp cut 
 in the transparent air against the dark background 
 of Hymettus. 
 
 " Happy ^ iadays of old Erechtheus' sons; 
 Children of blessed gods were they. 
 Glorious wisdom's fruit they ever reaped 
 From fatherland inviolate. 
 
 " Ever they proudly trod through clearest ether, 
 Where once Harmonia, golden-haired. 
 Brought forth the Holy Nine, 
 The Muses of Pieria. 
 
 * Plato: Republic, end. 
 ' Described in the vision. 
 Eurip.:^edea, 824 fif. 
 
34 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 " They sing the Cyprian Goddess how she drew 
 Streams from Cephisus flowing-fair, 
 And sent to breathe forth o'er the land 
 Swift-blowing, moderate breezes of the winds. 
 
 " And as she casts upon her locks 
 Garlands of roses odorous. 
 On Mortals she bestows 
 Loves that abide with Wisdom, furthering 
 All deeds of goodness ever." 
 
CHAPTER III 
 
 ELEUSIS 
 
 We made the journey to Eleusis by train. The 
 line runs by a circuitous way to the northward 
 of Aegaleos which separates the Thriasian Plain 
 from the rest of Attica. It was a bright morning 
 of early spring and the fruit trees were in full bloom. 
 The finest orchards were in the township of Achar- 
 nae, the sufferings of whose inhabitants in the 
 Peloponnesian War are immortalized by Aristoph- 
 anes. 
 
 Phyle, with its memories of Thrasybulus, the Lib- 
 erator, was not far to our right, and we could see 
 near the top of the mountain pass the remains of a 
 rough stone wall running north and south. This 
 was built by the Athenians as a defence against the 
 Spartans in the beginning of the Peloponnesian 
 War. 
 
 The train began to go faster and faster, and 
 rushed down through a region of barren rocks and 
 dwarf pines into the pleasant Thriasian Plain. 
 
 The Plain was covered with olive groves, and 
 carpeted with anemones of every colour. This 
 
 36 
 
36 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 region must have been indeed tempting to the 
 ravages of King Archidamus in the first years of the 
 war, when the Spartan miUtary operations began 
 each spring with the destruction of the crops of 
 this the most fertile plain of Attica; and naturally 
 it is fertile; for the Rarian fields near the town of 
 Eleusis were sown with corn under the direction 
 of the Great Earth Mother herself. 
 
 We sped through the plain and approached the 
 shore. The Bay of Salamis was like a mirror. It is 
 here practically a lake, with narrow passages east 
 and west past the spur of Aegaleos on one side 
 and the cape from which rises the hill of the Kerata ^ 
 on the other. Salamis appeared to be of entirely 
 different shape from that with which we had be- 
 come familiar looking from the Athenian Acropolis 
 or from Aegina. The island really stretches nearly 
 as far from east to west as from north to south, 
 and is much larger than one would suppose. From 
 Athens, one mentally pictures it as terminating 
 opposite Piraeus, and the view of it as one emerges 
 into the Thriasian Plain is a beautiful surprise. 
 The sharp mountain tops were reflected in the 
 glassy waters of the Bay, and the picturesque fishing 
 boats from the island with their lateen sails added 
 a touch of life to the somewhat lonely scene. 
 At the western end of the plain, where it is 
 
 * The name of " The Horns " is well chosen. 
 
ELEUSIS 37 
 
 limited by the bay and the Kerata, was our goal 
 Eleusis. 
 
 Eleusis received its name from the Advent of the 
 mighty Goddesses. It was the birthplace of Aeschy- 
 lus and the home of the Sacred Mysteries which 
 played such a wonderful part in the spiritual life 
 of the Athenians from the earliest times down to 
 the sad epoch when all the glory had departed 
 from Greece. Cicero/, himself an Initiate, could 
 still say of them that:-" In the Mysteries, we per- 
 ceive the real principles of Ufe, and learn not only 
 to live happily, but to die with a fairer hope." Long 
 after Christianity began to make its way, the rites 
 of Eleusis survived; and it was not till 395 a. d. 
 that the splendid buildings were thrown down, at the 
 prompting, it is said, of the fanatical monks in the 
 army of Alaric. The orator Aristides bewails the 
 fury which destroyed the shrines. " They alone 
 still stood as a memorial of the old glory and dignity, 
 for Athens and for all Greece." 
 
 Pindar ^ says of them: 
 
 " Blessed is he who, after beholding them. 
 Beneath the Earth departeth. 
 For he knoweth the end of Life; 
 Knoweth too its God-given beginning." 
 
 Cicero: De Leg., ii. 14. 36. 
 'Pindar: Thren., 8. 
 
38 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Sophocles: ^ 
 
 " Would I might be 
 
 By the gleaming shore, - 
 
 Where the Queenly Ones do cherish 
 
 The holy mysteries for men; 
 
 Concerning which a golden key 
 Is laid on lips of ministering Eumolpidae." 
 
 Aristophanes:^ 
 
 " Advance ye now 
 Through the Goddesses' sacred circle, 
 Through the flowery grove in mirthful sport. 
 Ye who have share in the heaven-loved feast; 
 
 And I with these maids and matrons go, 
 Where they vigil keep in the Goddesses' honour, 
 To carry my holy torch." 
 
 " Let ^ us go to the flowery meads 
 
 O'ergrown with roses fair, 
 
 Keeping our mirthful fashion 
 
 Of dances beauteous; 
 By the blessed Fates ordained. 
 For to us alone is the light of the sun propitious, 
 To us who the Mysteries have learned. 
 And a righteous life have led. 
 Toward citizen and stranger. 
 
 Soph.: Oed. Col. 1049. 
 'Aristoph.: Frogs, 440. 
 'Aristoph.: Frogs, 324. 
 
ELEUSIS 39 
 
 " lacchus, oh thou most honoured, here dwelling 
 on thy throne. 
 
 lacchus, oh lacchus! 
 Come join the dance, o'er this meadow, join 
 
 The holy revelling band. 
 Shaking on thy head the fruitful crown of myrtle; 
 Treading with valiant step 
 The unbridled sportive measure, 
 Which hath full portion of the Graces, 
 The pure, the sacred dance of the holy Mystae. 
 
 Awake, for he cometh bearing in his hand the 
 blazing torches! 
 
 lacchus, oh lacchus! 
 Fire-bringing star of our rite nocturnal. 
 The old men's Umbs begin to dance. 
 And off they cast the cares and weary days 
 Of lengthy years; 
 By influence of the holy service; 
 But thou with blazing torch lead forth 
 
 Over the soft-flowering field, 
 The blessed band of dancing youth." 
 
 The Propylaea and the great hall of the Mysteries 
 are sadly ruined, but of much interest to the archae- 
 ologist. The great hall was partly the work of 
 Ictinus, the architect of the Parthenon, and the 
 blue Hmestone known as the Eleusinian was used 
 largely in its construction. We climbed the hill on 
 
40 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 which stood the citadel used as a refuge in the 
 Revolution of 403 b. c, and on the way down we 
 visited the little museum of local antiquities. The 
 collection is small but good. The same is true of the 
 museums of many small towns in Greece, and 
 perhaps one enjoys a visit to such a museum more 
 than to one of the fatiguing and bewildering treasu- 
 ries of the great cities of the world. We lunched in 
 the grotto of Pluto, where it is thought that a 
 representation used to be given of the Resurrec- 
 tion of Proserpine from the world' below. Here we 
 rested for an hour and read the beautiful Homeric 
 hymn: ^ 
 
 " Fair-haired Demeter to sing I begin most 
 
 reverend goddess; 
 Her and her daughter fair-ankled, whom once the 
 
 dread ruler of Hades 
 Rapt and deep-thundering Zeus, far-seeing, had 
 
 granted permission 
 Far from gold-sworded Demeter, the goddess of 
 
 harvests resplendent, 
 While with her comrades she played, the deep- 
 bosomed daughters of Ocean, 
 Gathering flowers, the rose, and the crocus, and 
 
 violets lovely 
 Over the meadows soft, the hyacinths too and the 
 
 iris, 
 * Homeric Hymn, Dem., 1. ff. 
 
ELEUSIS 41 
 
 With the narcissus which Gaea, as snare for the 
 
 flower-faced maiden, 
 Planted by counsel of Zeus, the Many-receiver to 
 
 favour. 
 Wondrously radiant it bloomed, a miracle to the 
 
 beholders; 
 Both unto mortal men and unto the blessed im- 
 mortals. 
 Out from its root there grew a hundred blossoming 
 
 faces. 
 Sweetest odour it breathed, and all the wide heaven 
 
 above it. 
 All the Earth laughed with delight, and the billows 
 
 salt of the Ocean, , 
 She in delighted amaze her arms stretched forth 
 
 for the plaything 
 Lo, before her the Earth yawned wide, and opened 
 
 a chasm, 
 Straight through the Nysian Plain, and forth from it 
 
 Lord Polydegmon 
 Dashed with his coursers immortal, the many- 
 named scion of Cronos, 
 Seizing the maid unwilling, away in his chariot 
 
 golden 
 Bore her In piercing shriek of terror her voice she 
 
 uplifted, 
 CaUing on Father Cronides, most high of the gods, 
 
 most holy. 
 
A 
 
 42 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 But of immortals none to the cry of Pers ep hone 
 hearkened; ^ 
 
 Nay, nor of mortal men, nor even the rich-fruited 
 olives. 
 
 Only Persaeus' daughter in Ught-hearted idleness 
 playing, y 
 
 Hecate radiant-stoled, the wild cry heard from her 
 grotto. 
 
 Hehos heard it as well, Hyperion's glorious off- 
 spring. 
 
 Heard the girl caUing her father Cronides, but he 
 far-abiding. 
 
 Far from the concourse of men in his prayer- 
 thronged temple was sitting. 
 
 Offerings holy and fair from mankind mortal re- 
 ceiving. 
 
 Sore then against her will, by permission of Zeus 
 he conveyed her. 
 
 He her own father's brother. Dictator, Receiver 
 of many. 
 
 Far with his coursers immortal, the many-named 
 scion of Cronos. 
 
 While then the maiden divine the earth and the 
 firmament starry 
 
 Still could discern, and still the fish-teeming current 
 of Ocean, 
 
 Still see the rays of the Sun, and hope her reverend 
 mother 
 
ELEUSIS 43 
 
 1 (^ 
 
 Once more to greet, and the troops of the deities 
 
 ever existing, 
 So long her heart was beguiled with hope, though 
 
 broken with anguish. 
 So long the peaks of the hills, and the depths of 
 
 ocean reechoed 
 Loud her immortal cry and her reverend mother 
 
 heard her. 
 Then sharp anguish clutched her heart and with 
 
 quivering fingers 
 Wildly she tore the veil which covered her tresses 
 
 ambrosial. 
 Quickly o'er both her shoulders she flung a mantle 
 
 of sable; 
 Then like a bird sped forth in her search over earth- 
 
 and ocean. 
 Yet to reveal the truth no god and no mortal con- 
 sented, 
 Nor from the omens of birds true messenger came 
 
 with the tidings. 
 Nine days then over Earth, with blazing torches to 
 
 guide her 
 Held in her hands, in her quest the queenly Deo 
 
 had wandered. 
 Ne'er in her grief she consented to taste the im- 
 mortal ambrosia, 
 Ne'er the sweet draught of the nectar; nor suffered 
 
 the waters to bathe her. 
 
44 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 
 
 Now when the tenth bright dawn at last came to 
 
 visit the goddess, ^ 
 
 Hecate, holding her torch, came to meet her and 
 
 thus spake tidings: 
 ' Queenly Demeter, who bringest the seasons with 
 
 splendid abundance. 
 Who of the heavenly gods, or who of mankind can 
 
 have wronged thee. 
 Stealing Perse^jhone fair, and grieving thy spirit 
 
 beloved? 
 Lo, I have heard her cry, although with mine eyes 
 
 I beheld not 
 Who it might be; so I come to tell the story un- 
 erring/ 
 Thus did Hecate speak, but the daughter of fair- 
 haired Rhea 
 Answered her not a word, but swiftly, with her as 
 
 companion. 
 Darted in search and high in her hand the torches 
 
 upHfted. 
 Hehos first they sought, the watchman of gods and 
 
 of mortals,: 
 And, by his chariot standing, the goddess divine 
 
 made question: 
 * HeUos, show me compassion, a goddess divine, if 
 
 I ever 
 Either by word or deed thy heart and thy mind 
 
 may have gladdened. 
 
ELEUSIS 45 
 
 Lo the sweet blossom I bore, the maiden of beauty 
 
 enchanting, 
 Hers was the voice of lament I heard through the 
 
 waste of the Ether, 
 As of one ravished away, although with mine eyes 
 
 I beheld not. 
 But, for that thou with thy rays from aloft in the 
 
 heavenly Ether, 
 All upon Earth and Sea beneath thee ever be- 
 
 holdest. 
 Tell me the truth of my child, if anywhere thou 
 
 hast perceived her. 
 Who by compulsion hath snatched her unwilling 
 
 away from her mother? 
 Who of the gods immortal, or who of mankind hath 
 
 essayed it? ' 
 Thus spake Demeter and he, Hyperion's son 
 
 made answer; 
 * Daughter of fair-haired Rhea, Demeter, oh Sov- 
 ereign Lady, 
 This shalt thou know, for greatly I reverence thee 
 
 and I pity. 
 When I behold thee grieving for loss of thy daughter 
 
 fair-ankled. 
 None of gods else, 'tis Zeus Cloud-Gatherer only 
 
 is guilty. 
 To his own brother, to Hades, he granted the 
 
 maiden, to call her 
 
46 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Fair-blooming bride henceforth; but he, to the 
 
 regions of darkness, 
 Far to his misty realm, bore the maid in his chariot, 
 
 shrieking/ " 
 
 The sun god strives to comfort Demeter by dwell- 
 ing on the glory of a marriage with the great god of 
 the world below; but Demeter refuses to listen, and, 
 departing from the haunts of the gods, she roams 
 in disguise throughout the cities and haunts of men. 
 At last she reaches Eleusis, the home of King 
 Celeos. 
 
 " Then by the wayside sat, her heart nigh breaking 
 
 with anguish. 
 Near to the well of the Maids, where the townsfolk 
 
 came for their water, 
 Sat in the shade, and above her there grew a fair 
 
 bower of olive 
 Like to an ancient dame who has passed the season 
 
 of bearing, 
 Henceforth far from the gifts of Lover-of-wreaths 
 
 Aphrodite. 
 Such are the nurses of sons of kings, who administer 
 
 justice, 
 Such, through the echoing halls of their palaces, 
 
 house-keepers stately. 
 Her then beheld the daughters of Celeos, son of 
 
 Eleusis, 
 
ELEUSIS 47 
 
 Coming to fetch the water fair-streaming, that so 
 
 they might bear it, 
 Bear it in buckets of bronze to the house of their 
 
 father beloved. 
 Goddesses four as it were, fair maidenhood's flower 
 
 possessing, 
 Callidic6 and Cleisidic^ and Demo the lovely, 
 CalUtho^ as well, the eldest of all the sisters." 
 
 The ladies fail to recognize the goddess, but 
 address her with courtesy, bidding her welcome to 
 the palace. She answers with a fictitious tale to the 
 effect that she has wandered hither in flight from 
 a band of pirates who carried her from Crete. Her 
 name is Dos, and she would gladly take service 
 in the palace as nurse or sempstress. Callidic6 
 answers with a brief account of the royal house, 
 and proposes to run home and suggest to her mother, 
 Metaneira, that the stranger be employed as nurse for 
 their baby brother. 
 
 " Thus spake the maid. The goddess assented, 
 
 so quickly their vessels 
 Filled with the sparkHng water, they bare to the 
 
 palace, exulting. 
 Quickly the house of their father they reached, and 
 
 straight to the mother 
 All they had heard and beheld they related. She, 
 
 without pausing. 
 
48 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Bade them return and summon the stranger at 
 
 wages unstinted. 
 They, as the youthful deer and heifers in season 
 
 of Spring-time 
 Over the meadows leap, with pasture their hunger 
 
 contenting, 
 So did the girls, upholding the skirts of their dresses 
 
 enchanting, 
 Dart down the hollow path and round them the 
 
 hair on their shoulders 
 Tossed as they ran, resembUng the golden bloom 
 
 of the crocus." 
 
 The goddess follows them to the palace, where 
 she is courteously received. She sits silent and 
 sorrowful, till at last the jests of the maid lambe 
 provoke a smile. The child Demophoon is given 
 into her charge, and thrives " hke a divinity," 
 though it receives no mortal food. Demeter anoints 
 it with ambrosia, and at night buries it in the ashes 
 of the hearth. One night she is surprised by Me- 
 taneira, who shrieks and protests. The goddess 
 in disgust declares that the process of rendering the 
 child immortal has been interrupted; but she 
 consents to promise him all earthly blessings, 
 because he has slept in the arms of the mighty 
 goddess whom she now confesses herself to be. 
 Meanwhile the poor child is lying neglected on the 
 floor. 
 
ELEUSIS 49 
 
 " Then ^ was the pitiful cry of the infant heard by 
 
 the sisters. 
 Down from their well-spread couches they leaped, 
 
 and one of the maidens, 
 Taking the babe in her arms, did soothe it to rest 
 
 in her bosom. 
 Kindled a fire a second, and, forth from the sweet- 
 scented chamber. 
 Hastened on delicate feet a third in quest of her 
 
 mother. 
 Gathered about him they bathed him, and coaxed 
 
 him all helplessly gasping. 
 Ah, but the heart of the child refused to be won by 
 
 their petting, 
 Far less skilful the nurses who tended him now and 
 
 caressed him! '' 
 
 In the morning the king gave instructions to 
 build a temple as commanded by the goddess. 
 Therein she dwelled a whole year far from the 
 blessed gods, " pining with longing for her slim- 
 waisted daughter." A dreadful famine visited the 
 earth, until Zeus, in apprehension lest the race 
 of men perish utterly, sent Iris to Eleusis to entreat 
 the goddess to come forth from her seclusion. 
 Demeter remained obdurate, and at last Hermes 
 was despatched to Hades. Permission was granted 
 Proserpine to return to her mother; but Pluto 
 
 Line 284. 
 
50 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 craftily induced her to eat a few seeds of pome- 
 granate, " that she might not remain all her days 
 beside the reverend dark-robed Demeter." 
 
 " Then ^ she mounted the car, and beside her the 
 
 Slayer of Argus, 
 Seizing the reins and the goad, sped forth from the 
 
 palace of Hades. 
 On dashed the coursers eager, and quickly the 
 
 journey accomplished. 
 Nor could the sea, nor waters of rivers, nor grass- 
 covered valley. 
 Stay the rush of the horses immortal, nor rocks of 
 
 the mountains. 
 Over them all in their flight they cut the deep air 
 
 as they hastened. 
 Halting at last where she, Demeter, their coming 
 
 awaited, 
 Seated in front of her temple all sweet with the 
 
 odour of incense. 
 When she beheld her daughter, she dashed like a 
 
 Maenad to meet her. 
 As it had been a Maenad o'er mountain dark with 
 
 the forest. 
 But when Persephone saw the beauteous eyes of 
 
 her mother, 
 Down from the chariot leaping, she ran, and with 
 
 tender embraces 
 
 Line 377. 
 
ELEUSIS 51 
 
 Fell on her neck; but the goddess, while yet her 
 arms were about her, 
 
 Boded some crafty deceit, and terribly fell she to 
 trembling 
 
 All the endearments were checked, and quickly 
 her daughter she questioned: 
 
 ' Child, hast thou tasted of food in the region below 
 abiding? 
 
 Speak, nor the truth conceal, that we both may 
 know it together. 
 
 So mayest thou forsake the loathed kingdom of 
 Hades 
 
 Dwelling with me and thy father the cloud-wrapped 
 offspring of Cronos, 
 
 Henceforth held in esteem of all the blessed Im- 
 mortals. 
 
 But if it prove thou hast eaten, to earth's dread 
 caverns returning, 
 
 All the third part of the year henceforth thou art 
 doomed to abide there. 
 
 Dwelling by me for the rest, and among the other 
 Immortals. 
 
 Then, when the Earth shall bloom with sweet- 
 smelling flowers of Spring-time, 
 
 Forth from the misty gloom of the regions of dark- 
 ness infernal, 
 
 Once more a marvel mighty, thou risest to men and 
 Immortals/ " 
 
52 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Proserpine confesses that her husband has con- 
 strained her to eat of the pomegranate, and de- 
 scribes the event of her carrying off. Mother and 
 daughter converse a long time with mutual satis- 
 faction, and Zeus requests Rhea to descend to the 
 Rarian Plain, and to ratify in his name the compact 
 by which Demeter is to return to the converse of the 
 gods, and to enjoy the society of her daughter for 
 eight months in the year. Rhea c^arries the mes- 
 sage, and Demeter consents. 
 
 '' Quickly ^ she caused to spring the fruits of the 
 
 deep-soiled pastures, 
 All the broad Earth was covered with leaves and 
 
 blossoming flowers. 
 Then to Triptolemus King, and Diodes smiter of 
 
 horses, 
 Mighty Eumolpus as well, and to Celeos, Lord of the 
 
 people. 
 Showed she the doing of rites, and the mystical 
 
 orgies' performance. 
 Mysteries holy no mortal may violate, mysteries 
 
 secret 
 None may divulge the awe of the gods the speaker 
 
 constraineth. 
 Blessed is he who hath seen, oh blessed of Earth- 
 dwelling mortals! 
 
 line 471. 
 
ELEUSIS 53 
 
 He who the rites knoweth not, who hath missed 
 
 them, shall destiny never 
 Bless with his fellows but lost he abides in the 
 
 gloom and the darkness/' 
 
 We saw the well of Callichorus Fair Dances 
 whence the daughters of King Celeos were wont 
 to draw water, and where they met the Awful 
 Dame as she sat wearied and comfortless. Here, 
 before temples and halls existed for the formal 
 celebration of the rites, they danced and sang in 
 honour of the goddess: 
 
 " He 1 shall see. 
 Beside the fountain of CaUichorus, 
 The torch that witnesseth the holy eikad ^ 
 
 By night his vigil keeping. 
 When too the star-eyed ether of Zeus 
 Joineth in the sacred dance, 
 
 Danceth too the moon, 
 And Nereus' fifty daughters. 
 Who weaving their steps through Ocean's halls 
 And eddyings of rivers ever-flowing. 
 With their dances celebrate 
 The gold-crowned maid 
 And the holy mother dread." 
 
 *Eurip.: Ion, 1075. 
 
 'The 20th Boedromion, the night of the march from 
 Athens. 
 
54 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 It was now time to return to Athens, so we 
 mounted our wheels and proceeded along the Sacred 
 Way. Clouds had gathered, and the placid waters 
 of the bay on our right had become ruffled by a 
 rising wind, which made progress slow as we swept 
 round the curve where the road bends at the Rheitoi 
 to enter the pass of Daphne. 
 
 The Rheitoi are large pools of salt water, the fish 
 of which were reserved exclusivel} for the Priests 
 of the Goddesses. The ancients fancied that these 
 lakes derived their waters from the Euboean straits, 
 through a channel flowing under Attica. The 
 Rheitoi formerly marked the boundary between 
 the domains of Athens and those of Eleusis when 
 the latter was an independent state; and near by 
 was the monument of Eumolpus, ancestor of the 
 priestly family of Eleusis. 
 
 Eumolpus came from Thrace. He was the son 
 of Poseidon and Chione the snow and grand- 
 son of Boreas, the North Wind, and of Oreithyia 
 her who rushes madly over the mountains. After 
 the fight between Eumolpus and Erechtheus, King 
 of Athens, Eleusis became subject to the greater 
 city, while Eumolpus obtained the office of high 
 priest of the Mysteries. Such is the story told by 
 Pausanias. ApoUodorus says Eumolpus was slain; 
 for the oracle revealed to Erechtheus that he would 
 be victorious if he would sacrifice his daughter. 
 He slew the youngest, Chthonia, whereupon her 
 
ELEUSIS 55 
 
 sisters slew themselves. A fragment from the lost 
 Erechtheus of Euripides gives the words in which 
 Praxithea, wife of Erechtheus, devotes her child to 
 death. " In stout-hearted wise, not unworthy of her 
 city and of being daughter of Cephisus." 
 
 " But ^ I will give my daughter dear to death. 
 And many things I ponder first the State. 
 A better one than this no man can find. 
 Where, first, the people come not from abroad, 
 But from the soil we spring, while other states, 
 Founded as if by random fall of dice. 
 Are filled with immigrants from divers lands. 
 Now he who goes from one State to another 
 Like some ill-fitting joint in carpentry 
 In name's a citizen, but in deed not so. 
 And then 'tis for this end we children bear, 
 That we may guard our land and altars safe. . . . 
 Now if at home instead of sheaf of girls, 
 A male crop flourished, and the blaze of war 
 Assailed the State, should I not send them forth 
 To war, because forsooth I feared for them? . . . 
 But when a mother's tears speed forth her sons, 
 They oft make soft the hearts attuned for fight. 
 I hate those women who prefer mere life 
 For their own children, rather than the Right; 
 So counsel ill and more, when men in war 
 Fall amid many, they a common tomb 
 
 Eurip.: Frag., 362. 
 
56 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 And glory shared attain, while her, my child, 
 Dying alone, alone the State shall crown, 
 And me and her two sisters she shall save. 
 What of all this is not a precious boon? 
 Her who is no wise mine, save by mere birth, 
 I sacrifice for fatherland; for if 
 The city fall, what portion will remain 
 To me of offspring? Thus my duty done, 
 Others may rule, but I shall save ohe State. 
 And this whereof the greatest share to all 
 In common is no man, with my consent, 
 Our ancient laws ancestral shall o'erthrow. 
 Nor, for the OUve and the Gorgon gold. 
 The Trident stand upon our fortress, crowned 
 By King Eumolpus and the Thracian horde, 
 And Pallas nowhere held in reverence . . . 
 Oh Country, would that all who in thee live. 
 Might love thee e'en as I; then should we dwell 
 In safety, and no harm should'st thou endure! " 
 
 Swinburne's Erechtheus * contains a paraphrase 
 of this fragment of Euripides. His beautiful poem 
 is one of the most essentially Euripidean plays in 
 existence. Through the whole speech of Praxithea, 
 we hear an echo of the conflict for the land of 
 Attica between Athene and Poseidon, as it is 
 depicted on the western pediment of the Par- 
 thenon. 
 
 ^ 495 ff . 
 
ELEUSIS 57 
 
 As the road began to rise at the entrance of the 
 pass of Daphne, we dismounted and turned to look 
 westward for a parting view of the bay and plain. 
 Far in the distance we could see the long ridge of 
 legend-haunted Cithaeron, and south of it, the 
 rounded mass of Geraneia. Our thoughts turned 
 to the solemn hour when, after the Athenians took 
 refuge in Salamis, and the Attic land was ravaged, 
 Dicaeus and Demaratus, Athenian and Spartan 
 exiles high in honour at the Persian court, found 
 themselves " In ^ the Thriasian Plain, when they 
 beheld a cloud of dust moving from Eleusis, as it 
 were of three myriads of men. And they won- 
 dered at the dust-cloud, from what men it rose; 
 when straightway they heard a voice, and the voice 
 seemed to them to be that of the mystic lacchus. 
 Now Demaratus was unskilled in the rites which are 
 celebrated at Eleusis and asked Dicaeus what this 
 sound might be. Dicaeus replied: ' Oh Demaratus, 
 it is not possible but that some mischief is in store 
 for the army of the king. For this is clear that, 
 now that Attica is deserted, this which makes the 
 sound is something divine advancing from Eleusis, 
 to take vengeance in behalf of the Athenians and 
 their allies. And if the cloud light on the Pelopon- 
 nesus, there is danger at hand for the king and his 
 army on the land; but if it turn to the ships in 
 Salamis, the king will be in danger of losing his naval 
 
 * Herod, viii. 5. 
 
58 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 host. And the Athenians keep this festival yearly 
 in honour of the Mother and the Maid, and he who 
 wills, of the Athenians or of other Greeks, is initiated. 
 And the sound thou hearest is the lacchic cry they 
 raise at the festival.' To this Demaratus answered: 
 * Be silent, and tell this tale to no man else. For if 
 these words be carried to the king, thou shalt surely 
 lose thy head, and I shall not be able to save thee, 
 nor any other of mankind. But keep silence, and 
 the gods will provide for the army.' Such was his 
 advice, and from the dust and the voice arose a 
 cloud which floated toward Salamis to the host 
 of the Greeks. So they learned that the army of 
 Xerxes was destined to perish." 
 
 As we climbed the pass, we noticed the deep ruts 
 worn in the rocky Sacred Way by the wheels of 
 centuries. On the left is the ancient sanctuary of 
 Aphrodite with its innumerable niches for votive 
 offerings. We could fancy the processions pouring 
 through the pass, the light of their torches " all 
 night long " reflected from the rocks on either side. 
 At last we reached the monastery and church at 
 the top of the pass, and remounted for the long 
 descent to the olive-planted plain of the Cephisus. 
 Athens burst upon our view illuminated by a west- 
 ern sun, and after a descent of more than a mile, we 
 reached level ground and the famous crossing of 
 the Cephisus. This was the scene of the " Gephy- 
 rismoi " or Bridge-jokes which formed a feature 
 
ELEUSIS 59 
 
 of the sacred processions, recalling the jests of the 
 maid Iamb6 which first evoked smiles from the 
 broken-hearted mother. 
 
 From the bridge to Athens, the way led us past 
 the Botanical Gardens, and we entered the city 
 near the Dipylon. 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 AEGINA 
 
 On a bright morning in early March, we em- 
 barked at the Piraeus on the small steamer Argo 
 for her first trip of the season. A stiff Norther was 
 blowing, and the snow-white clouds, sailing across 
 the blue of the sky, were repeated in the white caps 
 of the still bluer sea. The little steamer sailed out 
 of the quiet harbour, past the headland of Munychia, 
 and soon was in the tumbling sea of the Saronic 
 Gulf. As she " ran over the billows accomplishing 
 her course,'^ the three mountains which curtain the 
 Attic Plain receded, and the Peloponnesian shore 
 grew more and more distinct. Across our bow 
 passed a tossing brig bound seaward with all her 
 sails set and filled by the blasts which swept down 
 from Parnes. Here and there tiny fishing boats 
 could be seen with gunwales awash, their crews 
 often consisting only of an old man and a boy. 
 Salamis lay to our right, its central mountain rising 
 sharply in the background, while its coast stretched 
 low, hard, and utterly barren. 
 
 As the Island dropped astern, we read the account 
 60 
 
AEGINA 61 
 
 of the battle of Salamis from the Persians of Aeschy- 
 lus: 
 
 Messenger: ^ " The Gods preserve the goddess Pallas' 
 town." 
 
 Atossa: " Then is the Athenians' city still un- 
 spoiled? " 
 
 Messenger: " For so her men live, safe her walls 
 abide." 
 
 Atossa: " But how began the conflict of the ships? 
 Who first adventured, was it Greeks, the fray, 
 Or, boasting of his myriad ships, my son? " 
 
 Messenger: " Mistress, the spring of all this misery 
 Was some Avenger or some angry God. 
 For, from the Athenian host a Greek arrived. 
 And to thy son. King Xerxes, tidings spake: 
 To wit, that if night's blackness should arrive. 
 The Greeks would stay not, but upon their decks 
 Leaping in panic, seek their Uves to save 
 By secret flight, one here, one there afar. 
 Now Xerxes heard, yet, marking not the trick 
 Of Greek informer, nor ill-will of Heaven, 
 To all his captains proclamation makes: 
 When HeUos lighting with his rays the Earth 
 Shall cease, and gloom the Ether's temple hold, 
 To range the throng of ships in triple lines 
 To guard all exits and the seaward paths; 
 1 Aeschylus: Pers., 349 ff. 
 
62 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Others he bade round Ajax' Isle to wheel; 
 For if the Grecians should escape their doom 
 By finding hidden loophole for their ships, 
 Beheading was to all the stern decree. 
 So much he spake with heart too much at ease. 
 For naught of Heaven's decree he understood. 
 But they, in order due and discipUne, 
 Made ready supper, and each sailor skilled 
 Looked to his oars, his tholes, and all his gear. 
 But when the light of sun had passed away 
 And night approached, each master of the oar, 
 Each warder of the tackle took his post, 
 And rank to rank of warships cried the word. 
 And as to each the post had been assigned. 
 They sailed, and all night long the captains kept 
 Manoeuvring the entire naval host. 
 And night advanced, nor yet a Grecian ship 
 Had anywhere attempted secret flight. 
 But when Aurora, with her coursers white. 
 Held all the Earth, fair-shining to behold. 
 An echoing shout first sounded from the Greeks 
 Like song of joy, and, at the instant, loud 
 The answer echoed from the Island Cliff, 
 And dread on all the host barbaric fell. 
 Their hopes frustrated, Not as if for flight 
 The Grecians hymned their holy paean then. 
 But as to battle roused with courage stout; 
 And all the coast blazed with the cry of trump. 
 Then straightway with the clash of dashing oar, 
 
AEGINA 63 
 
 They smote the watery brine at order given, , 
 
 And swiftly all were plainly in our view. 
 
 The right at first led on in line of war 
 
 In goodly order, then the fleet entire 
 
 Followed, and at the moment one might hear 
 
 A mighty cry: ' Oh sons of Greeks, advance! 
 
 Deliver your ancestral soil, your sons 
 
 And wives set free, and shrines of tribal gods, 
 
 And tombs of forefathers! The Stake your All! ' 
 
 From our side too, the roar of Persian tongue 
 
 Leaped in response; and now delay was past. 
 
 And straightway ship 'gainst ship her brazen beak 
 
 Dashed and a Hellene prow the shock began. 
 
 And from a Punic ship the figurehead 
 
 Broke off entire, and then, one here, one there 
 
 Her stem directed ^ Now the Persian host 
 
 At first withstood, but soon the throng was pressed 
 
 In narrow strait, and mutual aid was naught. 
 
 But, by their own bronze-armoured beaks assailed. 
 
 The fine complete of oarage swift was crushed. 
 
 In circle round, the Grecian ships their blows 
 
 Not heedlessly inflicted, till the hulls 
 
 Overturned, concealed the reddened sea beneath. 
 
 Covered with wreck of ships and blood of men. 
 
 The shores around and reefs with corpses piled. 
 
 Then, in disordered flight each ship was rowed, 
 
 So many as were left of Persian host. 
 
 But they, as 'twere some tunny shoal, the foe 
 
 With spUntered oars and wreckage fragments smote. 
 
64 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 And tore to shreds the wretches, while their groans 
 
 And shriekings covered all the briny sea, 
 
 Till night's dark eye concealed the horrid scene. 
 
 But, to recount to thee the sum of woe 
 
 I could not, if I spake for ten full days. 
 
 For know this well, that on a single day, 
 
 Never so vast a host of mortals died." 
 
 The Argo was by this time approaching the cliffs 
 of Aegina, and she soon rounded the black spire 
 of rock which rises from a ledge running out into 
 the sea at the northeastern corner of the island. 
 This is doubtless one of the many reefs planted 
 by King Aeacus as a protection against pirates, as 
 we are told by Pausanias. The black spire is all 
 that is left of the mound built at his father's bidding 
 by Telamon, that he might stand thereon and plead 
 defence for his part in the murder of Phocus.^ 
 
 We dropped anchor in the little bay of Hagia 
 Marina, and landed by rowboat. The clearness of 
 the blue-green water and the purity of the white 
 sandy bottom are remarkable even for the Aegean. 
 
 The island was named of old Oenone, the Island 
 of the Vine, and the gnarled bushes, with no signs 
 as yet of their verdure, covered every field and slope. 
 The later name of Aegina points to Theban invasion. 
 Aegina was the daughter of Asopus, god of the 
 Boeotian river, and witness of the mighty battle of 
 
 * See below. 
 
AEGINA 65 
 
 Plataea, which finished on land the work begun 
 on sea by Salamis. The River God married Metope 
 her of the fair forehead and begat two sons 
 and twenty daughters. Zeus loved and carried off 
 the fairest of these, Aegina/ and when the father 
 sought her sorrowing, the mighty god drove him 
 back by the thunderbolt to his native banks,^ and 
 bore Aegina across the Saronic Gulf to Oenone. The 
 island has borne since that time the name of the 
 nymph, for she became the mother of Aeacus the 
 Just, and ancestress of the mighty hne from which 
 Achilles sprang. 
 
 The goddess Hera took vengeance for the loves of 
 Zeus and Aegina upon the inhabitants of the place. 
 Ovid describes the pestilence which depopulated the 
 island in language which reminds us of Thucydides, 
 Boccaccio and Defoe. Aeacus in despair prayed to 
 Panhellenian Zeus of the great temple on the 
 mountain: 
 
 " ' Oh ^ Jupiter,' I prayed, ' if fables be not false 
 which say thou didst embrace Aegina, daughter of 
 Asopus, and if thou takest not shame, mighty 
 father, to be called my parent; then give me 
 
 * Pausanias (ii. 5) tells us that it was the wicked Sisyphus of 
 Corinth who revealed to Asopus his daughter's fate, in return 
 for the gift of the fountain of Pirene on Acrocorinthus, sup- 
 plied by the waters of the river. He pays in Tartarus the 
 heavy penalty for the revelation. 
 
 * Where coal abounds to this day. 
 Ov.: Metam., vii. 253 ff. 
 
66 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 back my people, or hide me too in the grave.' Zeus 
 gave a token by lightning-flash with thunder follow- 
 ing * I accept/ I cried, * and be this a happy sign 
 of thy intentions! I take as pledge the omen thou 
 givest me.' Hard by there chanced to stand an 
 oak, with far-spreading branches. Sacred to Jove 
 it was, and sprung from Dodonaean seed. On this 
 I beheld corn-gathering ants in long array carrying 
 in tiny mouths enormous burdens and keeping their 
 straight path upon the wrinkled bark. I noted the 
 vast number and exclaimed: ' So many citizens 
 give me, oh mighty father, and fill my empty walls.' 
 The tall oak quivered, and uttered a sound from its 
 branches which were shaken though by no breeze. 
 My Hmbs stiffened with quaking fear, and my hair 
 stood erect. Yet gave I kisses to the Earth and to 
 the tree trunk. I dared not say I hoped; but hope 
 I did, and cherished in my heart my longings. Night 
 fell, and sleep possessed my limbs with sorrow worn. 
 Lo, before mine eyes that same oak seemed to 
 stand, those branches, and it carried creatures on 
 the branches in number as before, and in Uke manner 
 it seemed to shake and scatter upon the field be- 
 neath the grain-laden throng. When suddenly, 
 lo, they grew, and became ever taller and taller to 
 look upon, and lifted themselves from the ground 
 and stood with form erect. They cast off their tiny 
 size and many feet and dark hue, and clothed their 
 limbs in shape of men. My slumber left me, and my 
 
AEGINA 67 
 
 waking thoughts rejected the vision I had seen. I 
 cried in anguish that there was no help in heaven. 
 When lo, a great sound arose in the halls. I seemed 
 to hear men's voices long unwonted. But while 
 I fancied this too must be dreaming, lo Telamon 
 rushed in and cried, * Oh father, thou shalt see 
 things too great for hope or credence. Come forth! ' 
 I came, and just such men as I had seemed to see 
 in my dream, just such in rank I saw and recog- 
 nized.'' 
 
 The new population were called Myrmidons* 
 and retained in subsequent days the habits of gal- 
 lant industry of their ancestors. Aeacus became so 
 famous for the efficacy of his prayers that once when 
 Greece was afflicted by famine, the oracle at Delphi 
 declared that deliverance might be obtained if 
 Aeacus would offer prayer in behalf of the land: 
 " And ^ when Aeacus prayed, Greece was freed 
 from her fruitlessness, and after his death he was 
 honoured in the realm of Pluto and he guards the 
 keys of Hades." 
 
 Donkeys met us at the landing rock, and for half 
 an hour, the rugged path wound under the pines up 
 the hillside spangled with anemones flowers of the 
 wind indeed. At the top of the hill stands the old 
 Doric temple of Aphaea.^ Aphaea was a nymph of 
 
 * Mtipfif)^, ant. 
 
 ApoUod., iii. 12. 6. 10. 
 
 ' Athene has of late been dethroned by the archaeologists. 
 
68 IN GREEICE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Artemis-Dictynna, and used to dwell in Crete 
 Shunning the love of Minos, she fled for nine long 
 months through mountain, forest, and morass, and 
 at last in despair, leaped from a crag into the sea. 
 A fisherman named Andromedes rescued her in his 
 net,^ and carried her in his skiff to Aegina. He too 
 offered the cold nymph his love, and once more the 
 flight began from this new pursuer. At last she 
 vanished in the sacred grove whi^h crowns the 
 temple hill, and from her disappearance^ comes her 
 name Aphaea. 
 
 We lunched among the ruins of the temple. Noon 
 was upon the Aegean, and the " brilUant wind " 
 blew from the shore with the vigour of a New England 
 Norther. The air was so clear that far Belbina 
 could be plainly seen. Landward lay the smiUng 
 fields and olive groves, the scattered farmhouses, 
 and the pine-clothed hills of Aeacus' ancient king- 
 dom. 
 
 Aeacus left his throne to judge the spirits in the 
 world below, assessor of Minos and Rhadamanthus, 
 so righteous had been his peaceful sway in this 
 happy island. But righteousness and peace soon 
 fled from the hills and valleys. The strife of brethren 
 brought about the first migration. Peleus and 
 Telamon, sons of Aeacus, were worsted in the sports 
 by their brother, Phocus; and plotting his death 
 
 * SLktvov. 
 
 * &<l>av^% iyivero. 
 
AEGINA 
 
 together, they cast lots to see who should be the 
 fratricide. Telamon, at the discus-throwing, hurled 
 his quoit at Phocus with fatal aim, and with his 
 guilty brother hid the body in the forest. But the 
 deed became known, and the just king banished his 
 unworthy sons. Telamon fled to Salamis where the 
 childless king, Kychreus, was ruling a desolate 
 island. For a dreadful serpent was ravaging the 
 fields and destroying the folk. Telamon slew the 
 monster, and received the throne as his inheritance. 
 He prayed to Zeus for a male child, and lo, an eagle 
 appeared to him as a sign from heaven. When the 
 boy was born he was named Aias. For Aietos 
 signifies Eagle, and Aias is none other than the 
 mighty Ajax of the Trojan story. But Aegina 
 remained without a king for ever, for the sons of the 
 murdered Phocus fled to Parnassus, and bestowed 
 their father's name upon the land of Phocis.^ 
 
 The centuries witnessed the incessant strife 
 against the great city across the Gulf, until this 
 " eyesore," as the proud Athenians named it, fell 
 at last and its inhabitants were altogether driven 
 out. Yet these early Aeginetans had been men of 
 no mean stock. The pottery they fashioned was 
 used in Italy and Egypt, and in the Euxine towns. 
 Their coins passed current in the markets of the 
 world, the talent of Aegina long continuing to be 
 known more widely than even the Solonic talent 
 
 * Pausanias, ii. 29. 
 
70 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 of Athens/ and it was Aegina's fleet that earned the 
 prize for valour in the fight at Salamis. When evil 
 days came to the conquering state, and the power 
 of Athens fell at Aegos Potami, some scanty remnant 
 of the Aeginetan race returned to the ancestral 
 island; but the old glory never returned, and through 
 the ages which history leaves hidden in darkness 
 from our eyes, the mingled stock seems gradually to 
 have been reduced to the handful who inhabit the 
 island to-day. 
 
 Aegina was a favourite theme with Pindar: 
 
 " Land ^ of the long oars, fatherland, Aegina 
 Judgment throne where sitting Themis, the Pre- 
 server 
 By the side of Zeus the guardian of Strangers, 
 More than all mankind is honoured with observance. 
 For a matter weighty, many ways inclining 
 Rightly to adjudge, and not with false proportion. 
 Is a problem hard to overthrow by wrestling. 
 
 " But of immortals some ordinance 
 Hath stabUshed this sea-fenced land, 
 Pillar divine to support 
 Strangers of every clime. 
 Nor may the years in their flight 
 Weary maintaining this law." 
 
 ^ Ephoms, quoted by Strabo, says the Aeginetans were the 
 first who used stamped coinage. 
 ' Pindar: Olymp., viii. 20. 
 
AEGINA 71 
 
 " Not * from the Graces far 
 Hath fallen the lot of the Isle, 
 
 City of Justice and Right, 
 
 Sharing the glorious fame 
 
 Of the deeds of Aeacus' line. 
 
 " Perfect her glory from olden time 
 
 Oft is she sung victorious 
 In struggles of heroes she nursed. 
 Highest in contests swift, 
 In mortal men no less 
 Shineth her fame." 
 
 " Broad ^ are from every side the ways 
 For chroniclers, the glorious Isle to praise. 
 For by the mighty deeds they showed, 
 On her the Aeacids bestowed 
 Surpassing other lands, a fame 
 And over Earth and far beyond the Sea is spread 
 their name." 
 
 " No ^ maker of images I 
 
 To build enduring forms 
 On bases immovable standing 
 But oh my song, on every bark. 
 In every ship, sweet song, 
 
 Pindar: Pyth., viii. 21. 
 ^ Pindar: Nem., vi. 51. 
 ' Pindar: Nem., i. ff. 
 
72 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Go from Aegina, tidings spreading, 
 
 How Lampon's son, 
 Pytheas of broad strength. 
 The crown of the Pancration won 
 
 In games Nemean. 
 
 " While yet his cheek showed not 
 The tender summer, of the wine-bud mother. 
 With glory hath he crowned ^ 
 The warrior heroes, sprung 
 From Cronos and from Zeus, 
 And from the golden Nereids 
 The line of Aeacus. 
 
 " His mother city he hath glorified. 
 Dear soil of guests, 
 Which once they prayed might be 
 Renowned for men and ships; 
 As standing near the shrine of Hellene Zeus, 
 
 They spread their hands aloft, 
 Endais' ^ sons right famous, and the might 
 Of Phocus princely." 
 
 The temple has been shorn of its chief glory 
 the Pediment sculptures which are the pride of 
 the Munich Glyptothek. We used to Hke to be told 
 to note the proud smile on the lips of the Greeks 
 as they met death, the stern joy in their eyes as 
 
 * Wife of Aeacus. 
 
AEGINA 73 
 
 they faced the foe. This was before the world 
 had learnt so much about archaic sculpture and the 
 work of the predecessors of Phidias. Yet perhaps 
 the fancy was not wholly untrue. However that 
 may be, we cherished the old thought as we looked 
 up at the gray architraves now robbed of their 
 crowns. The columns stand high and clear in the 
 brilliant sunshine, and we strolled among them, 
 placing ourselves to get vistas now of Argolis, now 
 of Geraneia, Cithaeron, Parnes, and at last of 
 Athens with the golden Acropolis, and Pentelicus 
 rising behind, with Hymettus and its foothills east 
 and south to Sunium. 
 
 These lesser ruined temples of Greece offer little 
 perhaps of grandeur or of architectural splendour 
 to the eye. It is to the heart they speak, and that 
 most surely they do every one of them. They are 
 so truthful, so sincere. The effect is produced with 
 so little effort of elaboration. The Colonnade, the 
 Fore-house, the Cella, the Rear-house, that is all. 
 Every trace of ornament has disappeared, and all 
 colour save the glow of pink and gold and gray 
 which time has bestowed instead of man's devices. 
 And the temples are nobly placed. They look forth 
 from headland or from hill-top, over island-studded 
 gulf or fertile inland plain, simple and serene. 
 
 We filled our lungs with the wholesome cold 
 March air, and descended with clean hearts and 
 minds to the landing place once more. The Argo 
 
74 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 got up steam, and round the headland met the 
 waves which by this time had become boisterous. 
 She plunged valiantly into them, but we saw that 
 it was going to be slow work to reach a point where 
 the influence of the windward shore would give 
 
 relief. " 'Et^ ic^eX' "Apyovs fir] hixxTTTdaBai <rKa<^os ! " 
 
 Far to the left rose Acrocorinthus and the Arcadian 
 mountains. The Argo struggled on past the Uttle 
 islands which stud the Saronic, till at last Salamis 
 offered a lee, and we ran past Psittaleia and Cynosura^ 
 on into the quiet waters of the Bay of Salamis. 
 
 We turned before reaching the narrows, and saw 
 in the distance the navy-yard where the modern 
 Greek fleet lay at anchor. It consisted of but a 
 handful of gunboats, but it was sufficient doubtless 
 to have scattered all the hosts of Persia by a few 
 broadsides. To the north rose the " Rocky brow 
 that looks o'er seaborn Salamis." To the south, the 
 Island in its immortal glory, lit by the last ray of 
 the setting sun. 
 
 " Paths ^ of the dashing sea surge, caves by the 
 ocean's edge, grove on the promontory's brow,'* 
 mourned Ajax of his " long-time exile round the 
 walls of Troy," his dying thoughts turning to the 
 beloved island home. 
 
 " The ^ son of Telamon, in prosperity swaying 
 
 ^ The Dog's Tail, behind which the Greek fleet lurked. 
 
 2 Soph.: Ajax, 412. 
 
 3 Soph.: Ajax, 134. 
 
AEGINA 75 
 
 SalamiS; founded where the sea floweth round.'' 
 But Ajax, the mighty, Ajax, the heir of Salamis 
 fell, as strength so often falls overcome by wit, and 
 as in after days, the rugged Salaminians fell under 
 the sway of clever Athens and Solon the Wise. Yet 
 Athens in her glory never forgot the shelter which 
 the Island gave in her hour of need. Always in 
 her navy was a" Salaminia " used for highest and 
 holiest purposes. And The Sea Fight needed no 
 special name, when it was used to point the exhorta- 
 tions of the great orators in the days when Grecian 
 liberty was once more threatened, and sinking to its 
 end on the fatal plain of Chaeronea. 
 
 Psittaleia, the island of massacre, where Persia's 
 noblest were slaughtered Hke cattle in a pen, was 
 lighting its beacon as we rounded the northern end, 
 and headed across for Piraeus. 
 
 " There ^ is an island fronting Salamis, 
 Small a mean roadstead offering for ships. 
 Dance-loving Pan oft treads its ocean verge. 
 Thither the king his noblest sends, that when 
 The routed foe for refuge seek the isle. 
 They smite the Grecian host, an easy prey. 
 And friends may rescue from the ocean paths. 
 The future ill discerning, for when Heaven 
 To Greeks the glory gave in fight of ships. 
 Their bodies clad in armour of good bronze, 
 
 ^ Aeschylus: Persians, 449 ff. 
 
76 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 At once they leaped to shore from off the decks, 
 And circled the whole island, nor our chiefs 
 Knew where to turn for safety, for in showers 
 They pelted them with rocks, and, from the bow, 
 The arrows pouring wrought destruction swift. 
 At last, in one fierce rush the Greeks dashed on, 
 They smote, they hacked their wretched victims' 
 
 hmbs. 
 Until they reft the life from all the band. 
 When Xerxes saw the depth of ill, he groaned, 
 For on a throne conspicuous to the host. 
 He sat, on mountain brow near ocean's brine. 
 Rending his robes, he cried in loud lament, 
 And, leaving to his host on land the fight. 
 In flight unseemly thence he rushed. Such woe 
 Is thine to weep for, added to the first.'' 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 MARATHON 
 
 We made an early start from Athens, and after 
 leaving the city, we quickly came to true pastoral 
 country of a kind very characteristic of Greece. 
 Attica for the most part is barren, but here we found 
 meadows of soft grass as green as those in the fertile 
 lands of the Peloponnesus. We passed flocks of 
 sheep tended by handsome young bearded shepherds 
 in cloaks of rough wool and carrying real crooks. 
 They represented precisely one's idea of Meliboeus 
 or Tityrus. The pastures were fields of grass of the 
 type of good golf turf, dotted with clumps of furze 
 bush or thistle, and covered with anemones of every 
 colour. Here and there a gnarled olive tree offered 
 a tempting spot, should Tityrus feel inchned to 
 try his pipe. 
 
 We passed an occasional ruined church, or a new 
 one situated in a group of three or four cottages 
 with a modest inn, where the driver stopped to 
 give water to his horses. Soon we crossed a low 
 spur of Hymettus and began a long gentle descent 
 through olives and pines. This part of the road is 
 
 77 
 
78 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 lonely but very beautiful. At one point we crossed 
 a bridge and drove through a perfect tunnel of 
 foliage. Pines, olives and vines, planted thick on 
 either side, afforded shade, rare indeed in this land. 
 
 One of the favourite haunts of the great god Pan 
 was near this spot. The stalactites in his cave bear, 
 to this day, the forms of his goats, and he must have 
 loved the Marathon region well. As Phidippides tra- 
 versed the Arcadian mountains in quBst of help for 
 Athens, the god suddenly appeared before him. 
 There is no panic terror now in his mild countenance, 
 but good cheer, as he tells Phidippides that all will 
 be well. For he himself the resistless power of 
 Nature will be present at Marathon on the great 
 day. And the Athenians, who had hitherto neg- 
 lected his worship,^ gave him in gratitude a shrine 
 in the grotto on the northern slope of their own 
 Acropolis. 
 
 We reached a wayside inn, where we changed 
 horses, and rested half an hour. This spot is the 
 scene of the last instance of kidnapping by brigands.^ 
 We had passed the Diacria, the high ground between 
 Hymettus and Pentelicus, and from now on our 
 road, for the most part, was a long slow descent, 
 until we suddenly caught sight of the sea. Far to 
 the northeast we saw the snow-clad Euboean 
 mountains across the Euripus. To the southeast a 
 
 * Pausanias, i. 28. Pace Eurip.: Ion, 492, 
 ' In 1870. 
 
MARATHON 79 
 
 low gray island was Ceos, the birthplace of Simonides, 
 the poet whose name is associated with the war of 
 which our minds were full, as we approached the 
 scene of the first battle. Simonides wrote many- 
 epitaphs in honour of those slain in the Persian 
 War.^ In competition with Aeschylus who had 
 himself fought at Marathon he composed an 
 inscription for the famous picture by Mikon, Panae- 
 nus, and Polygnotus in the Painted Stoa of Athens.^ 
 
 " Fighting as champions for Greece on Marathon's 
 
 plain, the Athenians 
 Low on the ground the might dashed of the gold 
 
 bearing Medes." 
 
 Here is the inscription offered by Aeschylus, but 
 rejected as inferior to that of Simonides: 
 
 " Men ^ of Plataea and Athens, on Marathon's 
 meadow embattled. 
 
 Low on the ground the might dashed of the gold- 
 bearing Medes." 
 
 We wound up a hill scarred by the marks of a 
 recent great conflagration, and at last far away, we 
 could descry a broad plain shut in on three sides 
 by hills, and washed on the fourth by the Euboean 
 
 * The most famous ones refer to Thermopylae. 
 
 * Simonides, 90 Bergk. 
 
 ' Aeschylus: Elegy, i. Bergk. 
 
80 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Strait. This was Marathon; but, for the half hour 
 of approach, our attention was held by the view of 
 the mountains across the Strait which is here very- 
 narrow. Northeast, the promontory of Cynosura 
 runs out from the mainland. It is curious that there 
 should have been points of land with identical names 
 at both Marathon and Salamis. Here the name 
 " Dog's Tail " may recall Aelian's statement' that 
 in the above-mentioned picture of' the Painted 
 Stoa, there appears a dog, taken as " fellow sol- 
 dier "to the battle by one of the Athenians. " Both ^ 
 are painted in the picture, the dog not being left 
 unhonoured; for he obtained this meed for the 
 danger he faced that he is to be seen together with 
 Cynaegiros, Epizelos, and Callimachus." 
 
 Conspicuous in Euboea rises snow-crowned Dir- 
 phys. Simonides ^ wrote an epitaph on the peasant 
 lads who fell for their country: 
 
 " Under the slope of Dirphys we fell. This mound 
 
 in our honour 
 Hard by Euripus stands, raised by our countrymen 
 
 here. 
 Just was the tribute. We lost the early prime of 
 
 our manhood, 
 We who holding our ground, met the rude cloud of 
 
 the war." 
 
 * Harrison: Myth, and Mon. of Ancient Athens, page 139. 
 ' Simonides, 89 Bergk. 
 
MARATHON 81 
 
 The road to Rhamnus runs north from the plain. 
 Here stood the famous statue of Nemesis. For the 
 Persians brought with them to Marathon a huge 
 block of Persian marble, whereof to make a trophy 
 in celebration of the expected victory. From this 
 very bit of stone Phidias wrought the statue of the 
 goddess, whose wrath had been stirred by their 
 presumptuous confidence.^ 
 
 Upon reaching the edge of the plain of Marathon 
 the carriage stopped at a group of farm buildings, 
 and we alighted and proceeded to the mound which 
 rises from the centre of the plain. This is the 
 famous " Soros " heaped "over the bodies of the 
 Grecian dead, and while its genuineness has at times 
 been disputed, archaeologists have at last pro- 
 nounced in its favour. In the fight, the Athenians 
 were marshalled tribe by tribe, that friend might 
 be encouraged by the proximity of friend; and so, 
 tribe by tribe, the bodies of one hundred and ninety- 
 two heroes were laid in this mound. Beside it, 
 " Each night and all night long, one may hear the 
 sound of champing horses and of fighting men.^' ^ 
 
 The Soros is the only elevation in the perfectly 
 level plain, and we lunched under the shade of the 
 clump of trees on its northern side. 
 
 Modern mihtary critics have proved that Mara- 
 thon was not much of a battle after all. It was 
 
 * Pausanias, i. 33. 
 ' Pausanias, i. 32. 
 
82 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 merely a rear-end engagement with Persians who 
 were already embarking. In the Greek imagination, 
 however, it holds high place after Thermopylae, 
 Salamis, and Plataea. For it was the first conflict, 
 and as it turned out it led to a ten years' respite. 
 We can hear throughout Greek oratory and poetry 
 the echo of the exultant consciousness that from 
 this first conflict between Slave and Free, Liberty 
 came forth triumphant. 
 
 In the Persians of Aeschylus, Queen Atossa asks 
 the chorus for information concerning these strange 
 Athenians: 
 
 Atossa: ^ " Tell me, who is their commander, who 
 
 is despot o'er the folk? " 
 Chorus: " Of no mortal man the servants, nor the 
 
 subjects are they called." 
 Atossa: " How then could they bide the onset of the 
 
 foeman pressing hard? " 
 Chorus: " In such fashion that Darius saw his 
 
 mighty host destroyed." 
 
 " The ^ greatest orator of the ancient world swore 
 * by those who lay buried at Marathon,' as if they 
 were gods, and no appeal was more inspiring to 
 Athenian ears than that to the memory of those who 
 fought at Marathon." 
 
 Line 243. 
 
 ' Wordsworth: Greece, page 114. 
 
MARATHON 83 
 
 " Our^ ancestors conquered the barbarians who 
 first trod Attic soil, and made plain that Manhood 
 is stronger than Wealth, Valour than Numbers." 
 
 Pausanias ^ tells us how the fight was depicted on 
 the walls of the Painted Porch. 
 
 " Of the Boeotians, those who dwelt at Plataea, 
 and the whole of the Attic force, are advancing to 
 close quarters with the barbarians. And in this 
 part of the picture the fight is equal. But further 
 on, the barbarians are fleeing and pushing one an- 
 other into the swamp. And at the end of the pic- 
 ture are the Phoenician ships, and the Greeks kiUing 
 the barbarians, who are rushing towards these. 
 There is also painted the hero Marathon from 
 whom the plain has been named and Theseus ^ 
 is depicted hke one rising from the Earth, and Athene 
 and Heracles. For Heracles was regarded as a god 
 by the Marathonians first, as they themselves say. 
 And of the fighters, those most conspicuous in the 
 picture are Callimachus,* who had been elected 
 Polemarch by the Athenians, and Miltiades of the 
 generals, and the hero called Echetlos." ^ 
 
 * Lycurg., 163. ' Pausanias, i. 15. 3. 
 
 5 Theseus in earlier times had brought deliverance to the 
 dwellers in Attica by slaying the Marathonian Bull. We see 
 him in the quaint group in the Acropolis Museum with the 
 bull over his shoulders. 
 
 * Callimachus was pierced by so many spears that his body 
 was unable to fall to earth. 
 
 ^ Echetlos was the mysterious figure who appeared on the 
 
84 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 We picked our way shoreward over the firmer 
 parts of the marsh, and found a comfortable heap 
 of dry seaweed on the beach, where we spent an 
 hour enjoying the bright sunshine and the glorious 
 view of the Euboean Strait. Herodotus was our 
 guide. Off this very beach, Hippias, longing to 
 recover the throne whence he had been expelled, 
 " Guided^ the ships of the barbarians, . . . and 
 anchored them, and marshalled the Persian troops 
 after they had disembarked on the shore. And as 
 he was thus employed, it befell him to sneeze and 
 cough more violently than was his wont, and as he 
 was elderly, his teeth for the most part were shaken. 
 So then he lost one of his teeth by the violence of 
 his coughing, and as it had fallen upon the sand he 
 used great diUgence to find it. But as his tooth 
 appeared not, he groaned and said to the bystanders: 
 * This land is not for us, nor shall we prove able 
 to make it subject; for so much of it as was to 
 have been my share, my tooth already has ob- 
 tained. . . .' " 
 
 The famous narrative runs on in the historian's 
 delightful style of sober narrative, quaint anecdote, 
 and historical digression. The unexpected arrival 
 
 field during the fight and dealt mighty blows with his plough- 
 share. The oracle afterwards bade the Athenians " honour 
 Echetlos," and they built him a monument of marble. Cf. 
 Browning. 
 
 Herod., vi. 107. 
 
MARATHON 85 
 
 on the scene of the heroic Plataeans en masse must 
 have cheered the hearts of the anxious Athenians. 
 There is something quite touching in the almost 
 romantic affection of the Athenians for their humble, 
 oppressed Boeotian proteges; and the devotion of 
 the Plataeans to the city that alone had helped them 
 in their need, appears again and again in Grecian 
 history. Herodotus, after telUng of the arrival of 
 the Plataeans, and after commenting on this ancient 
 tie of friendship, describes the anxiety of the Athe- 
 nian generals, and their patriotic self-abnegation 
 and resolution at the last. We could follow, without 
 diJEculty, his description of the positions of the 
 contestants, and the details of the fight. 
 
 " When ^ their dispositions were made, and the 
 omens were propitious, . . . they rushed at full 
 speed against the barbarians. . . . But the Per- 
 sians, when they saw them approaching at a run, 
 prepared as if to receive their onslaught. And they 
 imputed madness to the Greeks, and a right fatal 
 madness, when they saw them so few, and these 
 pressing on at a run aided by neither cavalry 
 nor archery. . . . And the Athenians, when they 
 had joined in close conflict with the barbarians, 
 then they fought in wise worthy of description. 
 For they were the first of all the Greeks whom we 
 know, who went at running speed against enemies, 
 and the first who endured the sight of the garb of 
 
 Herod., vi. 112. 
 
86 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 the Medes and the men clad therein. For before this, 
 even the name of the Medes was a terror for the 
 Greeks to hear." 
 
 We could picture to ourselves the temporary- 
 success of the Persians at the centre of the line, 
 where they drove their opponents well towards the 
 hills. Then our imagination recalled the Grecian 
 wings victorious, the flight through the marshes, 
 and the wild rush for the ships; th^ effort to set 
 these on fire; Cynaegiros grasping the prow of a 
 vessel, and falling, his arms severed by a battle 
 axe; then the final retreat of the fleet round Sunium; 
 the flashing shield signal given by traitors from 
 mount Pentelicus; the hasty return of the Athenians 
 to their city to thwart the treachery; and finally, 
 the arrival of help from Sparta when all was over. 
 
 The historian gives a dry account of the conduct 
 of the Lacedaemonians. When Phidippides came 
 with his agonized appeal, " It ^ pleased the Spartans 
 to send help to the Athenians. It was impossible, 
 however, to do this at once, for they did not wish 
 to transgress their custom. For it was the ninth 
 day of the waxing moon, and they said that they 
 would not go forth on the ninth day for that the 
 disc of the moon was not full. So they awaited 
 the full moon. . . . But after the full moon,^ two 
 thousand of the Lacedaemonians came to Athens, in 
 hot haste to be in time, so that they reached Attica 
 
 ^ Herod., vi. 106. ' Herod., vi. 120. 
 
MARATHON 87 
 
 on the third day from Sparta. But though they 
 had arrived after the collision, they desired never- 
 theless to gaze upon the Medes. So going to Mara- 
 thon, they gazed. Then, commending the Athenians 
 and their work, they departed homeward." 
 
 The fountain of Macaria mentioned by Pausanias 
 is no longer to be found. Marathon had been the 
 scene in mythical times of the brave deed of a 
 woman who here offered her Ufe that victory might 
 be assured to Athens and that the race of Heracles 
 might not perish. The Heraclidae of Euripides tells 
 the story. The persecuted children of Heracles, 
 fleeing from Eurystheus of Tiryns, reach Marathon, 
 and beg protection of King Demophon, who now 
 rules Attica as successor of his father Theseus. The 
 king promises succour, and Eurystheus, seeing the 
 prey about to escape, makes preparation for battle. 
 An oracle declares that, as a condition of victory, 
 a maiden, sprung of noblest stock, must be sacrificed 
 to Demeter. Macaria, the eldest daughter of 
 Heracles, surrenders herself to voluntary death. 
 " Worthy of her father, worthy of her noble birth 
 this deed hath been done. And if the death of the 
 brave thou dost revere, I join with thee." ^ 
 
 It was time to return to Athens. The day had 
 been warm and bright, but in March there is always 
 1 Eurip.: Heracl., 626. 
 
88 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 a sharp chill in the air when the sun begins to ap- 
 proach the horizon. As we drew near Athens, 
 the Acropolis rose clear against the glory of the 
 western sky, and the lights of the city shone forth 
 one by one as we entered the suburbs. 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 
 CORINTH 
 
 From Eleusis to Corinth the scenery is very- 
 beautiful. The railroad skirts the sea during nearly 
 the whole of its course, often creeping along the 
 edge of cUffs or crossing deep clefts in the rocks with 
 the waves actually roaring beneath the train. 
 Usually, however, this part of the Saronic Gulf is 
 calm, and from the windows of the railway carriage 
 one looks down through hmpid blue-green to the 
 clean sandy bottom far below. 
 
 After leaving Eleusis the line runs round the 
 spur of the Kerata, through a very extensive olive 
 plantation which reaches more than half the way 
 to Megara. On the left is still the Bay of Salamis, 
 now widening, now narrowing so much that a good 
 swimmer might easily cross to the Island. Over the 
 southwestern point of Salamis one begins to see 
 Aegina and the far off Argolic mountains, and 
 presently the train reaches Megara. 
 
 Megara was a Dorian town, and her enmity to 
 Ionian Athens lasted almost unbroken through 
 historic times. The final acquisition of Salamis 
 
 89 
 
90 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 by Athens was something which Megara could not 
 forgive; and the famous Megarian Decree of com- 
 mercial non-intercourse was one of the inflaming 
 events which led to the Peloponnesian War. Aris- 
 tophanes in the Acharnians gives a horrible picture 
 of the sufferings caused by the Decree to the inhabi- 
 tants of Megara, and repeats the unpleasant tale 
 of the personal affair which led to the promulgation 
 of the ordinance. Apologists of Pericles deny ut- 
 terly the culpability of the great statesman, and 
 prefer to follow the account of Plutarch/ according 
 to whom the decree was issued because the Megarians 
 had appropriated to profane uses a part of the sacred 
 Eleusinian territory. The situation was exasperated 
 by the treatment of the ambassador Anthemocritus, 
 who was put to death by the Megarians. In con- 
 sequence of this outrage, Charinus brought in a 
 " decree against them, that there should exist 
 enmity without truce and without parley, and that 
 whatever Megarian should set foot on Attic soil, 
 should be punished with death; and that the 
 generals, on swearing the ancestral oath, should vow 
 in addition that twice each year they would invade 
 the Megarid." The Megarians in Plutarch's time 
 denied the execution of Anthemocritus, and claimed 
 that the version of Aristophanes was the true one. 
 
 Modern Megara is proud of its pure Hellenic blood 
 in the midst of neighbours of Albanian stock. The 
 
 iPlut.: Vit. Per., 30. 
 
CORINTH 91 
 
 Easter Monday dances are famous, and the beauty 
 of the maidens justifies the claim of pure descent. 
 From Megara the land slopes towards the ancient 
 seaport of Nisaea over against Salamis. Here is the 
 Rock Aithyia where Pandion lies buried, and oppo- 
 site is the Rock Minoa. The names call to mind 
 many sad legends of these early kings of Attica and 
 the Megarid. 
 
 Pandion, driven from his home in Attica, took 
 refuge here and married the daughter of King Pylas 
 whom he succeeded. His sons recovered their 
 paternal inheritance, and made division of the 
 territory. The sad fate of his daughters belongs 
 more properly to Daulia.^ The third son, Nisus, 
 became King of Megara, and when Minos, King of 
 Crete, made his famous invasion, Nisus was besieged 
 in his citadel on the Rock since called Minoa. The 
 king's beautiful daughter, Scylla, became enamoured 
 of Minos, and, induced by love or perhaps by gold, 
 betrayed her father to the invader. Now Nisus 
 bore a charmed life. On his head there grew a 
 lock of purple hair, and while that was safe, no harm 
 could befall him. Scylla entered the chamber where 
 he slept, and, after cutting off the purple lock, she 
 presented it to Minos, who in scorn and loathing 
 rejected her appeals and sailed away in his ships. 
 Scylla in despair leaped into the sea, and strove to 
 cling to the ship of the departing Minos. But her 
 
 ^ See Chapter x. 
 
92 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 murdered father, changed into a sea eagle, appeared 
 in pursuit, and Scylla was transformed into a strange 
 new sea bird called Ciris.^ Some say it was Minos 
 who flung her into the sea, and that her body, which 
 was washed ashore on the Argolic coast, gave the 
 name to the Scyllaean Promontory.^ 
 
 The first hundred and fifty lines of the eighth 
 book of Ovid's Metamorphoses give a beautiful 
 version of the tale. Here is the brief account in the 
 Choephoroe of Aeschylus, where the chorus of slave 
 maidens in expressing detestation of the crime of 
 Clytemnestra, recall similar instances of the dreadful 
 deeds of passion done by women. 
 
 " Another ^ woman we in legend needs must loathe, 
 Scylla the murderous. 
 Who, by foes seduced, a dear one slew. 
 By Cretan gold-wrought necklace tempted, 
 The Gift of Minos and she severed 
 The lock immortal from the head of Nisus, 
 As in sleep he breathed unwitting 
 Dog hearted woman! 
 But Hermes overtook her." 
 
 After leaving Megara, the train begins to creep 
 along the edge of the cHffs of Mount Geraneia. 
 
 * Ciris from Kelpofiai, to cut the hair. 
 
 2 This Scylla is sometimes wrongly confused with the mon- 
 ster of the Straits of Messina. 
 sAesc: Cheoph., 603. 
 
CORINTH 93 
 
 This mountain is said to have received its name from 
 the Cranes.* 
 
 Megaros ^ was the son of Zeus and one of the 
 Sithnid nymphs, whose stream supplied the fountain 
 of Megara, adorned with buildings by the famous 
 tyrant Theagenes " a fountain worth seeing for 
 its adornment and the number of its columns." 
 
 Now once upon a time it befell Megaros " to 
 escape from the flood of DeucaUon to the height 
 of Geraneia the mountain not yet having this 
 name. But forasmuch as he swam, directing his 
 course by the cry of flying Cranes; on this account 
 the mountain was named Geraneia." 
 
 We crossed a bridge over a chasm of the sea, and 
 began to descend faster towards the low land of the 
 Isthmus. This bridge is at the KaKrj ^KaXa, the 
 Evil Staircase, which the ancients called the Sciron- 
 ian CUff. We were pursuing in reverse direction 
 the famous course of Theseus, whose twelve labours 
 vie with those of Heracles. While the Megarians 
 state that Sciron was the first to build the road 
 along the Saronic Gulf, the accepted myth repre- 
 sents him as a cruel robber, who lived on the rocks 
 of Megaris. He would compel ^ travellers to wash 
 his feet, and while they were stooping to perform 
 the task, he would kick them over the cliff in sheer 
 
 ^ Cranes, Tipavoi. 
 Paus., i. 40. 1. 
 Paus., i. 44. 8. 
 
94 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 glee. A monstrous tortoise, lurking at the foot of the 
 rock, devoured the bodies. Theseus visited him 
 with the same treatment he had so often bestowed 
 on others. 
 
 The Molurian Rocks are near those of Sciron. 
 From them Ino leaped with her son MeUcertes in 
 her arms, and became the sea goddess Leucothea. 
 Ino was daughter of Cadmus, and the second wife 
 of Athamas. She ^ incurred the wrath of Hera for 
 having nursed the infant Dionysus, her nephew. 
 The goddess afflicted Athamas with homicidal 
 madness directed against his own children. After 
 seeing Learchus, her eldest boy, slain by his father, 
 the frantic mother fled with MeUcertes, and leaped 
 with him into the sea, where they became divinities 
 propitious to mariners. The ^ handmaidens of Ino 
 traced her steps as far as the edge of the Cliff. 
 Guessing the fate of their mistress, they made loud 
 complaint of the cruelty of Hera. The goddess 
 heard their outcry, and resolved to make one more 
 example of her savage power. The maiden who 
 had loved her mistress best tried to leap into the 
 sea, when lo, she found herself powerless to move. 
 Others, essaying to beat their breasts or tear their 
 hair, found their arms grown rigid in the act. Others 
 again were changed into birds, who, to this day, 
 may be seen dipping their wings as they skim along 
 
 * Apollod., iii. 4. 3. 
 Ovid: Met., iv. 542 fif. 
 
CORINTH 95 
 
 the sea among the scattered rocks which once were 
 living maidens. 
 
 Another account, given by Apollodorus/ repre- 
 sents Ino as having plotted the death of Phrixos and 
 Helle, children of Athamas by his first wife, Nephele. 
 Pausanias tells us that Melicertes was conveyed to 
 Corinth by a dolphin. Others say that his body 
 was washed ashore there. At all events, the famous 
 Isthmian games were instituted in his honour. The 
 SchoUast on Pindar ^ says that " The Nereids once 
 upon a time in their dance appeared before Sisy- 
 phus,^ and bade him conduct the Isthmian festival 
 in honour of MeHcertes." 
 
 " Sisyphus,* son of Aeolus, they bade. 
 In honour of the boy to institute 
 The prize of far renown for Mehcertes perished." 
 
 We meet the new sea-goddess in a well-known 
 passage of the Odyssey: 
 
 " Then ^ the daughter of Cadmus spied him, Ino 
 of the neat ankle, Leucothea, who of yore had been 
 a mortal of human speech, but now, in depths of 
 Ocean, the gods have bestowed honour upon her. 
 She beheld with compassion the storm-driven 
 Odysseus in his anguish, and in Hkeness of a flying 
 
 Apollod., i. 9. 1. 2 igth. : Arg., i. 
 
 ' King of Corinth, and uncle of Melicertes. 
 
 * Pindar: Frag,, i. 
 
 6 Homer: Odyssey, v. 333 ff. 
 
96 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 gull she rose up from the sea. Then she seated 
 herself on the raft, and spake words to him: * Ill- 
 fated one, wherefore hath Poseidon, Shaker-of- 
 Earth, so sore afflicted thee with his wrath, in that 
 he causeth for thee so many evils? Surely he shall 
 not destroy thee, though he is greatly enangered 
 against thee. But verily do thou act thus for 
 thou seemest to me not without wisdom cast off 
 thy garments, and leave thy raft to be carried by 
 the winds, and, swimming with thy hands, strive 
 to attain a haven on Phaeacian soil, where it is thy 
 destiny to escape. Take then this veil, and spread 
 it beneath thy b];east. It is immortal, nor is there 
 fear that evil or destruction befall it. When, 
 therefore, thou shalt touch the land with thine 
 arms, unbind the veil, and cast it again into the 
 wine-faced sea, far from the land, and turn thyself 
 backward.' When she had thus spoken, the goddess 
 gave him the veil. Then she dove into the billowy 
 sea, in Ukeness of a gull. And the dark waves 
 cpvered her." 
 
 The Chorus in the Medea of Euripides compares 
 the cruel mother to the maddened Ino. 
 
 Chorus: ^ " Unhappy one, of rock art thou or steel 
 Thou that by murderous hand wilt slay 
 The crop of children thou thyself didst bear? 
 
 Eurip.: Medea, 1279. 
 
CORINTH 97 
 
 " Of one, one only have I heard 
 In ancient story. 
 Ino by gods distraught, 
 What time the spouse of Zeus 
 Drove her in wandering from her home afar. 
 
 " For impious murder of her sons 
 
 She falleth hapless one her foot extending 
 
 O'er ocean cliff into the raging main." 
 
 Simonides wrote an elegy on one wrecked on 
 Geraneia and the Scironian Rocks. 
 
 " Ill-omened ^ cliff, mist-clad, Geraneia, would that 
 
 on Ister 
 Or on the Scythian Don far thou directedst thy 
 
 gaze. 
 Nor that at hand were found the Scironian billow 
 
 of ocean, 
 Bane of the maddened dame, near the Molurian 
 
 Crag." 
 
 As we journeyed westward, further legends of 
 the prowess of Theseus came back to us. We were 
 near the haunts of the Sow of Crommyon and of the 
 robber Sinis, who hurled his enemies into the sea 
 as from a catapult by fastening them to a bended 
 pine. Theseus visited him with righteous retribu- 
 tion by fastening him to his own pine. 
 
 ^ Simonides, 114 Bergk. 
 
98 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 The coast of Argolis drew near, and the calm sea 
 was almost glassy in its smoothness. We could see 
 the snow-topped mountains reflected on the surface 
 which the wildest storms cannot reach. Then came 
 the Isthmus, and beyond it the same untroubled 
 waters till, far to the westward, the Gulf of Corinth 
 expanded and the mirrored picture came to an 
 end. 
 
 Strabo ^ tells us that the eastern end of the Corin- 
 thian Gulf was called the Halcyon Lake. No 
 wonder the halcyon chose this spot for her nest on 
 
 " The ^ mild ocean, 
 Which now hath quite forgot to rave, 
 While birds of calm sit brooding on the charmed 
 wave.*' 
 
 We recall the words of Ale man: 
 
 " Would,^ ah, would I were a king fisher, 
 Who, o'er the blossoming of the sea, 
 With halcyons flitteth 
 With heart enduring 
 Sea-purple bird of the Spring! " 
 
 1 Strabo, viii. 336. 
 
 2 Milton's ode on the morning of Christ's nativity. 
 ' Alcman, 36 Bergk. 
 
CORINTH 
 
 Simonides sings of the halcyon: 
 
 " As ^ when the fourteen days in winter month 
 
 Zeus calmeth by his power; 
 And men on earth have named the time 
 
 The wind-forgotten hour 
 Her holy nursing season good 
 Hath then the Halcyon many-hued." 
 
 The Isthmus is now pierced by a canal, and the 
 isle of Pelops is really an island at last. The under- 
 taking was begun by Nero and abandoned after 
 a considerable amount of work had been done. 
 Near the western end, a quaint little relief of the 
 emperor is cut in the cliff. 
 
 The canal was finished in 1893, but is too narrow 
 for the large Mediterranean steamers. 
 
 A Delphic oracle runs as follows: 
 
 " Wall ^ not the Isthmus nor dig; 
 An Island had he wished it, Zeus had made." 
 
 Our train crossed the canal on a bridge. To the 
 westward, one of the most beautiful panoramas 
 in the whole of Greece was unfolded. The towering 
 Acrocorinthus rose full in view and behind it the 
 loftier heights of the Peloponnesus. Beyond Chel- 
 
 ^ Simonides, 12 Bergk. 
 * Anthol.. xiv. 81. 
 
100 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 mos, glorious Cyllene lifted his crown of snow; and 
 across the Gulf were the still more famous heights 
 of Cithaeron, HeUcon, and mightiest of all 
 Parnassus. The Gulf slept in the sheltering arms 
 of these guardian giants, and reflected the daz- 
 zling white of their summits, as it was gradually 
 dulled to the mournful gray of their sides, and at 
 last to the stern red of their sea-washed feet. The 
 repose of the scene is seldom broken. Occasionally 
 the tiny sail of a fishing boat can be seen, more 
 rarely a coastwise steamer; but often there is no 
 sign whatever of human Ufe upon the whole expanse. 
 We left the train, and hastened through modern 
 Corinth, which, save for the beauty of its situation, 
 is in no wise noteworthy. The ancient city, too, 
 until a few years ago, would have served only as a 
 temporary resting place for those whose goal was 
 the great fortress. Nothing was then visible except 
 the venerable ruin of the Temple of Apollo, one of 
 the oldest Doric temples in the world. Of late, 
 however, the excavations conducted by the Ameri- 
 can School have brought to light much that is of 
 interest. The once magnificent buildings of the 
 fountain of Pirene have been discovered, and many 
 other ancient sites have been excavated. Nearly 
 everything, however, is in such ruin that a feeling 
 of bewilderment is unavoidable. Perhaps also a 
 slight disappointment is felt that a city so brilliant 
 in all worldly aspects should have perished so utterly. 
 
CORINTH .,' ;1Q1; 
 
 Dire indeed was the work of pillage to which the 
 rich and wicked city became a victim when Grecian 
 freedom fell with her at last. 
 
 The aged temple stands on high ground looking 
 forth over the Corinthian Gulf. It is a very sad 
 temple. When the rude soldiery of Mummius 
 trampled underfoot all that was left of Hellenic 
 independence and " The eye of Greece " was dark- 
 ened, this venerable mother of temples had lived 
 too long. 
 
 " Where ^ is thy beauty renowned through the world, 
 Oh Dorian Corinth? 
 
 Where is thy battlement crown? Where thy pro- 
 cessions of old? 
 
 Where are thy fanes of the blest, thy palaces, where 
 are thy Matrons, 
 
 Sisyphus' daughters? Thy folk numbered by myr- 
 iads once? 
 
 Ill-fated one! No trace, not one of thy glory is left 
 thee. 
 
 All in one moment consumed, war hath devoured 
 the whole. 
 
 Only the Nereid nymphs, the daughters immortal 
 of ocean 
 
 Still unharmed we survive. Halcyon birds of thy 
 
 griefs." ^ 
 
 ^ Anth., ix. 151 Antipater. 
 
 2 Symonds' " Sketches and Studies of Italy and Greece " 
 has a beautiful paraphrase of this lament. 
 
102 'IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 We toiled up the steep slope of the Acrocorinthus, 
 and at last reached the top and rested for our reward. 
 The view was glorious. Not only can one gaze 
 northward over the prospect we already know, 
 but eastward spreads the Saronic with its islands, 
 and far off on a clear day even the hill of Athens 
 can be made out. South and west rise tier after 
 tier of mountains, and at one's feet spreads the 
 fertile plain running along the shore of the Gulf to 
 ancient Sicyon. 
 
 One of the finest stories in Plutarch is the account 
 of the capture by Aratus of the Acrocorinthus. 
 " The ^ Acrocorinthus, a lofty mountain, growing 
 up from the midst of Greece, when it is garrisoned, 
 . . . renders its master supreme ... so that the 
 younger Philip, not in joke but truly, called the 
 citadel of the Corinthians * the Chains of Greece.' 
 . . . Now the place had always been an object of 
 contention to princes and potentates; and the 
 eagerness of Antigonus for it fell short in no respect 
 of the maddest of passions." Plutarch tells how 
 Antigonus obtained the fortress by fraud, and 
 prefaces his account of the recapture by reflections 
 concerning the glory of the deed of Aratus as having 
 been done in behalf of all Greece against a Mace- 
 donian foe, whereas the exploits of Pelopidas and 
 Thrasybulus to which he compares it were 
 done against Greeks in behalf of other Greeks. 
 
 ^ Plutarch: Vit. Aratus, xiv. ff. 
 
CORINTH 103 
 
 There follows an account of the scene at the Bankers' 
 in Sicyon where the brothers who had stolen some 
 of the king's gold came to deposit their booty. 
 Aratus was a friend of the banker, who had learned 
 from one of the brothers of the existence of a hidden 
 weak spot in the fortifications of the citadel. An 
 agreement was made by which for a large bribe 
 one of the thieves was to lead Aratus to this spot. 
 An accident nearly ruined the whole plan. Tech- 
 non, the servant of Aratus, had been sent to make a 
 preliminary examination of the place, and meeting 
 one of the brothers who knew nothing of the plot, 
 revealed to him his errand. This brother proved 
 a traitor, and was about to deliver Technon to the 
 authorities, when the right brother appeared, and 
 instantly perceiving the situation, made a sign to 
 T6chnon to flee. Technon leaped from the rock 
 where he stood and escaped. Aratus, not daunted 
 by this set-back to his plans, sent money to bribe 
 the traitorous brother to silence, and having gained 
 possession of his person, locked him in a dungeon 
 for greater security. When all the preparations 
 were complete, Aratus chose a band of four hundred 
 followers who were ignorant of his purpose. 
 
 '' It^ was midsummer and the time of the full 
 moon. The night was cloudless, and the flashing 
 of the weapons, reflecting the rays of the moon, 
 caused fear that they might not elude the garrison. 
 
 ^ Plutarch: Vit , Aratus, xxi. 
 
104 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 When, however, the leaders drew near, clouds ran 
 up from the sea and covered the citadel itself and 
 the region outside which became overshadowed." 
 Bare-footed they climbed the ladders and slew the 
 watchers at the wall. Plutarch describes the wild 
 scene within the fortress ; the awakened citizens, the 
 trumpets, the moving torches, and the hand-to-hand 
 combat. In one place, Aratus found himself be- 
 wildered in the dark windings among the rocks 
 which had caused him to lose the road. Then the 
 moon is said " in wondrous wise " to have dispersed 
 the clouds and pointed out to him the path. No 
 sooner had he regained it, than clouds collected and 
 the shadows covered all once more. Again the 
 combat raged with varying fortunes, but at last 
 the Uberators held the height just as the " day 
 was beginning to glow, and the sun shone upon the 
 task accomplished." Then the main body of the 
 troops of Aratus arrived from Sicyon and the royal 
 garrison were made prisoners. Plutarch goes on 
 to describe the scene in the theatre in the city below, 
 where the people thronged to see the victor and to 
 hear his words. " He ^ advanced from his tent into 
 the midst, armed, and with his countenance altered 
 by reason of weariness and sleeplessness, so that the 
 joy and exultation of his soul seemed overcome by 
 the languor which depressed his frame. But when 
 the people at his approach poured themselves out in 
 ^ Plutarch: Vit. Aratus, xxiii. 
 
CORINTH 105 
 
 congratulation, he took into his hand his spear, and 
 leaning slightly upon it, he stood for a long time 
 listening to their applause and shouts in praise of 
 his valour and envy of his good fortune. And when 
 they ceased, he collected himself, and delivered 
 a speech in behalf of the Achaeans appropriate to his 
 exploit, and bade the Corinthians adopt the Achaean 
 cause as their own. Then he gave them the key of 
 the gates now for the first time in their control since 
 the times of Philip." 
 
 The walls of the Acrocorinthus were built and 
 rebuilt, captured and recaptured, many and many 
 a time during the dark ages of Grecian thraldom, 
 and in the war which brought freedom at last. 
 Churches and dwellings cover the enclosure, but of 
 these there is little left but ruin. We descended into 
 a cavern and drank the waters of Pirene, which 
 supplied so we are told the great fountain 
 building in the city below. Like Hippocrene on 
 Mount Helicon, the fountain was created by the 
 hoof of Pegasus who sprang hence to the sky. It 
 was granted to Sisyphus for playing informer as is 
 related in the annals of Aegina.* 
 
 As the sun declined we reluctantly descended and, 
 
 ^ The account of the origin of Pirene as given by Pausanias 
 in his chapter on Corinth is more poetical. Pirene was once 
 a woman, but was changed to a fountain through weeping for 
 her son, Cenchrias, who had been unintentionally slain by 
 Artemis. 
 
106 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 pausing for farewell to the mournful temple in the 
 ancient town, we mounted our carriage and drove 
 to modern Corinth for the night. 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 
 MYCENAE 
 
 The road from Corinth to Nauplia took us quickly 
 from the coast, winding round the Eastern end of 
 the AcrocorinthuS; and passing the little village 
 of Hexamilia. This town was the scene of chari- 
 table labours on the part of Dr. S. G. Howe, 
 who here estabhshed a colony for the refugees who 
 fled from Turkish cruelty in 1828. 
 
 Far to the left we could see the Arachnaean heights, 
 the last station of the famous beacon signal on its 
 journey from Troy to proclaim to the watchers on 
 the palace of Agamemnon that the city had fallen 
 at last. 
 
 Chorus: * " And how could tidings with such speed 
 
 have come? " 
 Clytemnestra: " Hephaestus sent from Ida his 
 
 bright gleam; 
 And, torch succeeding torch, the courier fire 
 Sped hither Ida to the Lemnian Crag 
 Of Hermes flashed the tidings. From the Isle, 
 
 1 Aeschylus: Ag., 271-302. 
 
 107 
 
108 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Mount Athos caught the mighty beacon third. 
 
 Then, rising high to overarch the sea, 
 
 This joy-fraught strength of travelHng torch sped 
 
 on. 
 This pine knot, and like some gold-blazing sun 
 To watch upon Macistus bore the gleam 
 Who loitered not o'ercome by heedless sleep, 
 But passed his portion of the tidings on. 
 The beacon's light to far Euripus came. 
 And signalled to Messapium's guards the news. 
 Answering the blaze, they urged the message on, 
 Kindhng with fire a heap of withered brush. 
 In strength the glare with brightness still un- 
 
 dimmed. 
 Leaping across Asopus' Plain, as 'twere 
 A shining moon, attained Cithaeron's crag, 
 And waked new relay of the envoy-fire. 
 Nor did the watch deny a far-sent beam, 
 But kindled one yet greater than before. 
 And over Lake Gorgopis darts the light 
 And hastening on to Aegiplanctus' Cliff, 
 Urges that meed of fire be not delayed. 
 Kindhng with force ungrudged a mighty beard 
 Of flame they Ught, and send to pass beyond 
 The headland guarding the Saronic Strait 
 With blaze unfaiUng Then it came and lodged 
 On Arachnaean steep, town-neighbouring heights. 
 Then here on the Atridae's roof it rests. 
 This light, true progeny of Ida's fire.'' 
 
MYCENAE 109 
 
 We traversed the domain of Cleonae, the rival of 
 Corinth in early days, and wound through rugged 
 passes among desolate towering cHffs, one of which 
 contains a cave which we are told was the lair of the 
 dreadful Nemean Lion. One of the twelve labours 
 of Heracles imposed on him by his oppressor Eurys- 
 theus of Tiryns was to bring him the hide of the 
 Lion of Nemea. 
 
 " Now ^ this was an invulnerable monster be- 
 gotten of Typhon. On his journey then in search 
 of the lion, he came to Cleonae, and was entertained 
 by the craftsman Molorchus. And when the latter 
 would fain have offered a victim in sacrifice [Hera- 
 cles] bade him wait till the thirtieth day; and if he 
 should return safe from the hunt, to sacrifice to 
 Zeus the DeHverer; but if he should perish, then 
 to sanctify the victim to him as a hero. And having 
 come to Nemea and sought out the lion, he first shot 
 at it with arrows. But when he perceived that the 
 beast was invulnerable, he lifted up his club and 
 gave chase. And when the lion fled into a cave 
 with two mouths, Heracles blocked up one entrance, 
 and through the other he entered in pursuit of the 
 beast, and throwing his arm around its throat, 
 held squeezing fast until he choked it. Then he 
 threw it across his shoulders, and fetched it to 
 Cleonae. And finding Molorchus on the last of the 
 days on the point of consecrating the sacrificial 
 
 1 ApoUod., ii. 5. 1 ff. 
 
110 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 victim to him as dead, he offered sacrifice instead to 
 Zeus the Deliverer, and carried the lion to My- 
 cenae." Apollodorus tells us further that the 
 famous club was cut in these very woods. 
 
 Pindar ^ speaks of " deep-soiled Nemea; " but the 
 character of the country to-day is indeed changed, 
 and the " deep soil " has been washed away by the 
 storms of the ages. There is scarcely a human 
 habitation to be seen. Here and there a patch of 
 green offers scanty pasture to a herd of goats. It 
 is a lonely land, not however without a certain 
 harsh beauty, and the wild flowers and the laughing 
 river whose course we follow lend cheerfulness to the 
 scene. The Nemean Games took place at a spot 
 some twelve miles to the westward of our road, 
 but we had not time to turn aside for a visit to 
 the remains of the ancient temple, stadium and 
 theatre. 
 
 From Nemea the road descended and of a sudden 
 a glorious prospect unfolded itself. Far across the 
 plain of " thirsty Argos," sparkled the Gulf of 
 Nauplia. On the right we could see the snowy 
 tops of the Laconian Mountains, and on the left the 
 Argolid peaks, their foot hills running out in a 
 peninsula whereon we could just discern the fortified 
 promontory which was Nauplia. The white houses 
 of Argos were visible opposite Nauplia, in the south 
 western corner of the plain. Near at hand upon our 
 
 ^ Pindar: Nem., iii. 18. 
 
MYCENAE 111 
 
 left two mountains formed a sharp angle in which 
 rose the citadel of Mycenae. 
 
 " Mycenae rich in gold ... in the inner heart of 
 horse-nurturing Argos/' Homer calls it; and a visit 
 to the national museum at Athens, where its treas- 
 ures are preserved, convinces the traveller that the 
 epithet is well deserved. We were in the land of the 
 awful tragedies of the house of Pelops. Argos and 
 Mycenae and Tiryns have become so blended in the 
 stories told by the great poets, that it is not easy 
 to assign each legend to its proper scene. 
 
 We cHmbed the long hill leading from the plain 
 to the gate of the ancient city, and paused for a 
 while to visit the wonderful " Bee Hive tomb " 
 called the *' Treasury of Atreus." The slope con- 
 tains many such tombs, but this is far the finest. Yet 
 we are not to beUeve that the royal family had their 
 burial here, but rather that they may probably have 
 been tenants of the graves assigned them by Schlie- 
 mann in the acropolis itself. 
 
 Over the gate of the citadel which we approached 
 after a turn in the road are the great lions. They 
 stand in heraldic fashion on either side of a column 
 in relief half facing the spectator. The heads 
 have disappeared, but the splendid animals guard 
 the citadel gate in lordly fashion still. We passed 
 under the gigantic lintel, and found ourselves at 
 the entrance of the strange enclosure where the 
 unhappy royal family obtained rest at last. 
 
112 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 We climbed some ancient steps and tried to de- 
 cipher the puzzle of the palace ruins. These shat- 
 tered walls have witnessed terrible scenes. We 
 recalled the horrid banquet of the children of Thy- 
 estes, the unholy revels of the queen while her lord 
 was far away in Troy, and she, after weary waiting 
 and long angry grief for her sacrificed Iphigenia, had 
 consoled herself in the unhallowed love of Aegisthus, 
 her husband's deadliest foe. The women's apart- 
 ments too reminded us of the sad neglected life 
 of the princess Electra, after she had sent her little 
 brother to be brought up far away from the dangers 
 at home. In front of the palace we seemed to listen 
 to the eager discussions of the elders of the town 
 as they passed from mouth to mouth the news, which 
 the torch from Ida had conveyed, that Troy had 
 fallen. And we could hear their words of grief not 
 unmingled with mutterings of resentment. 
 
 Chorus: " For ^ those who departed 
 
 From the Grecian land together 
 Grief in the heart enduring 
 In the home of each is seen. 
 
 Ay! There be many things that touch the heart! 
 
 " For those whom one sent forth 
 He well remembereth 
 No living men but urns and ashes 
 To the home of each return 
 Aeschylus: Ag., 418-444. Chorus. 
 
MYCENAE 113 
 
 " Ares, Gold-Broker of men's bodies, 
 Scale-Holder in the conflict of the spear, 
 Sendeth from lUum to loved ones 
 Fire-blackened dust and grievous 
 
 For bitter weeping. 
 Packing the vessels close with dust 
 
 Instead of living men. 
 
 " And thus they mourn: 
 Praising one hero, how in battle skilled; 
 A second fallen glorious in fight. 
 All for another's wife. 
 
 " And silently they mutter other things, 
 And grief, with ill-will mingled, 
 Stealthily creepeth in their hearts against 
 The champion Atridae. 
 
 " But ah, those others yonder lie 
 In all their loveliness beneath the walls. 
 In tombs on Ilian soil. 
 The foeman's earth hath covered them." 
 
 We picture to ourselves the triumphant return of 
 the king, and the proud crimson spread for him 
 to tread as he alights from his chariot. 
 
 Clytemnestra: ^ " But now, beloved life, I pray 
 descend 
 Aesc.: Ag., 878 fif. 
 
114 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 From this thy car, Oh King, nor set thy foot, 
 Backer of Ilium, on the common earth. 
 Slaves! Wherefore loiter, unto whom to strew 
 The path with tapestries hath been ordained? 
 Straightway a road of purple be prepared 
 That Justice lead him to unhoped-for home." 
 
 Agamemnon: " Nay, do not pamper me in woman's 
 
 wise. 
 Nor, like barbarian, prone obeisance gape, 
 Nor spread with garments envy-breeding way. 
 For gods alone such worship be reserved! 
 But for a mortal on embroidered gauds 
 To tread, to me is no wise free from fear. 
 As man I bid ye greet me, not as God. 
 Apart from footmats and from needlework 
 My fame proclaimeth me. A righteous mind 
 Is Heaven's best gift; and him alone deem blest, 
 His days who endeth in prosperity. 
 If thus I ever fare, no dread is mine." 
 Clytemnestra: " Nay, say not thus, opposing will of 
 
 mine." 
 Agamemnon: " Know, this opinion I will ne'er 
 
 unsay." 
 Clytemnestra: " 'Twas fear that made thee vow 
 
 thou thus wouldst do." 
 Agamemnon: " Yea, if a vow with knowledge e'er 
 
 was made." 
 
MYCENAE 115 
 
 Clytemnestra: " And how had Priam done if victor 
 
 he?" 
 Agamemnon: " Indeed on broidered garments he 
 
 had trod!" 
 Clytemnestra: " Then fear not blame from any 
 
 human tongue." 
 
 Agamemnon: "Well, if thou^lt have it so, let some- 
 one loose 
 With haste my sandals, servants of my feet, 
 And as I tread these ocean-crimsoned dyes, 
 May eye of Envy strike not from afar. 
 For I am loath with garment-spoiling feet. 
 This wealth of silver-purchased web to waste. 
 
 But since thou hast prevailed on me to hear. 
 Treading on purple I approach these halls." 
 
 We seem to hear the shrieks of the shrinking 
 Cassandra, who lifts her eyes and sees the horrid 
 vision of the murdered infants. 
 
 Cassandra:^ " Apollo, Apollo, God of Ways, De- 
 stroyer! 
 Ah whither hast thou led me, to what halls? 
 
 Aesc.: Ag., 1052 ff. 
 
116 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Hated of Heaven indeed, conscious of many a crime, 
 
 Domestic murder and the deadly noose. 
 
 Shambles of human blood, sprinkled upon the 
 
 ground/' 
 Chorus: " Keen-scented doth the stranger seem, 
 
 like hound 
 She tracketh blood of those she too shall find." 
 Cassandra: " Alas! Alas! 
 
 Yonder my witnesses, thence my conviction drawn! 
 Yon infants, wailing loud their massacre; 
 WaiUng the roasted flesh by their own sire de- 
 
 vour'd! '' 
 Chorus: " In truth thy fame prophetic we had 
 
 heard, 
 But at this hour we seek no prophets here." 
 Cassandra: ** Alas! ah me! what can be planning now? 
 What this fresh deed of woe? 
 A mighty crime is plotting in these halls, 
 Unbearable to friends, incurable. 
 And help is far away." 
 Chorus: " Of these thy warnings, I am all unskilled 
 But those I knew. The town doth speak of them." 
 Cassandra: " Ah! wretched woman, wilt thou do 
 this deed? 
 
 The husband of thy bed 
 Washed in the bath 
 How shall I speak the end? 
 With speed this deed shall be; and after hand 
 The hand outstretcheth." 
 
MYCENAE 117 
 
 Chorus: " I understand not; after riddles now 
 
 I am bewildered by thy warnings dark.'' 
 Cassandra: " Woe! Woe! Alas! Alas! What is 
 yon sight I see? 
 
 Surely some net of Hell! 
 Ah! but the snare is She, wife of his wedded couch, 
 Sharing the guilt of his death. Now let the Fury 
 
 band 
 Shriek o'er the hated race for a victim by stoning 
 
 slain! " 
 Chorus: " What Fury this thou biddest o'er this 
 
 house 
 To raise the shout? Thy words no joy portend. 
 But to my heart hath fled 
 The blood-drop, crocus-dyed, 
 Blood, that in death distilled its course doth end 
 
 With the rays of sinking life." 
 Cassandra: " Woe! Woe! Behold! Behold! 
 Keep from the cow the bull! 
 Lo, in a robe she hath caught 
 And with black horn smiteth him. 
 Yea, and he falleth down 
 In the bath with water filled. 
 I tell thee the vessel's tale, the vessel of treason and 
 
 death." 
 Chorus: " Of oracles I boast not to be skilled 
 But to some horror I must liken this 
 Ah! but from Oracles 
 Tidings of good to men, 
 
\ - 
 118 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 When they are sent? For lo, 
 
 Only through woes these arts, 
 
 Uttered with many words, god-spoken terror bring.'' 
 
 Cassandra: " Woe's me! Ill fated lot of me, the 
 
 wretched! 
 Of my own doom thou speakest further now 
 Ah! whither hast thou led me, the unhappy? 
 For naught but that I die with him. How else? '* 
 Chorus: " Thou art some frenzied one, possessed of 
 Heaven, 
 
 And of thyself thou singest 
 A strain that is no strain. 
 As the brown-bright nightingale, 
 Insatiate of lament, 
 In her heart unhappy ever. 
 Her Itys, Itys, wailing 
 Her Hfe so rich in sorrow." 
 Cassandra: " Alas! Alas! Fate of the clear- voiced 
 nightingale! 
 
 For lo, to her the gods 
 A winged form have given. 
 And life of sweetness, free from true lamenting; 
 But ah! for me awaiteth 
 Cleaving with sword two-edged." 
 Chorus: " Whence these vain heaven sent pangs 
 Upon thee hastening? 
 And with cry ill omened. 
 Thou fashionest a note of fear, 
 Mingled with shrill-pitched strains. 
 
MYCENAE 119 
 
 Whence hast thou learned these limits of the path 
 
 Of heavenly speech ill-uttered? " 
 Cassandra: " Woe for the bridal, the bridal 
 Of Paris, the bale of dear ones. 
 Alas Scamander's stream ancestral! 
 There was I nurtured, luckless one, 
 Beside thy banks. 
 But now beside Cocytus 
 And shores of Acheron, 
 I soon methinks shall utter prophecy." 
 Chorus: " What is this word thou speakest all too 
 plain? 
 
 Even a child might understand. 
 And 'neath my heart a bleeding bite hath 
 smitten. 
 
 As thou bemoanest plaintively 
 Thy grievous destiny 
 Marvels for me to hear! " 
 Cassandra: " Woe for the sorrows, the sorrows 
 Of my city all undone! 
 Ah, sacrifices offered by my sire 
 To save our walls, and slaughterings of sheep! 
 
 But remedy they brought not 
 But that my country fall as e'en she fell. 
 But I with frenzied heart will soon 
 Fling me upon the ground! " 
 Chorus: " Consistent with thy former words 
 These thou hast uttered now. 
 And some ill-willing demon from above 
 
120 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Heavily falling on thee, causeth thee 
 To sing these lamentable death-fraught strains. 
 
 But for the end I am perplexed." 
 Cassandra: " The word no longer then shall from a 
 
 veil 
 Peep forth, in fashion of a bride new wed, 
 But blowing clear against the rising sun 
 Shall come, and like a billow it shall dash 
 Against his beams, far greater than the woes 
 It told before. No more in riddles now! 
 And bear me witness, as I run along 
 Scenting the track of ill wrought long ago. 
 For never shall the troop desert these halls, 
 Of horrors, chanting harmony unblest; 
 And having drunken, and become more bold, 
 Of human blood, within the house shall bide 
 The band of Furies, home-bred, unexpelled. 
 And, seated in the house, shall hymn their strain 
 Of primal horror, and in turn they loathe 
 The brother's couch defiled and him who sinned. 
 Hath my shaft missed? Or hath the archer sped? 
 Or am I prophet false and beggar vain? 
 Bear witness swearing, by no mere report 
 I know the ancient horrors of the house. 
 
 Cassandra: " Woe! Woe! Alas! the horrors! 
 Once more the labour of true prophecy 
 Stingeth with dread disturbing prelude-chant. 
 Behold yon infants seated in the halls 
 
MYCENAE 121 
 
 Like in their shapes to forms beheld in dreams! 
 Those children, as it were by dear ones slain, 
 Their hands with kindred food of their own flesh 
 Filled, and the entrails burden pitiful! 
 Which their own sire did taste behold them there! 
 Vengeance for this I say one plotteth now, 
 Cowardly Hon, dallying in the couch. 
 Home keeping woe is me, against my lord 
 Returning, mine, for yoke of slave I bear. 
 The lord of ships, the conqueror of Troy 
 Naught knoweth what the tongue of the foul dog 
 Speaking in flattering words, with joyous mien, 
 Like lurking hell, shall cause in dark event. 
 Such is her daring. Of the man the woman 
 Is slayer foul then calling her what name 
 Of hateful beast, might I attain the mark? 
 Some basilisk or Scylla, 'mid the rocks 
 Lurking, destruction to the seafarer? 
 Hell's raging mother, breathing truceless curse 
 Upon the house? And how she raised the cry 
 Of joy, audacious as at turn of fight! 
 Feigning delight her lord was safe returned. 
 These things I care not if thou dost beUeve. 
 The future cometh. Soon lamenting thou 
 Too true a prophet shalt pronounce me then." 
 Chorus: " Thyestes' feast of flesh of children slain 
 I recognize with horror, and I fear 
 Things heard in truth nor by simiHtude. 
 But for the rest I wander from the track." 
 
122 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Cassandra: *^ King Agamemnon murdered thou 
 
 shalt see! " 
 Chorus: " Unhappy woman! Hush ill-omened 
 
 tongue! " 
 Cassandra: " No Healing-god presideth o'er this 
 
 word.'' 
 Chorics: " If ill befall but may it ne'er betide! " 
 Cassandra: " Thou prayest. They the deed of death 
 
 prepare." 
 Chorus: " What man committeth such a deed of 
 
 woe? " 
 Cassandra: " Surely my imprecations thou hast 
 
 missed." 
 Chorum: " The doer's scheme I fail to comprehend." 
 Cassandra: '' Yet I too well have learned the Hellene 
 
 tongue." 
 Chorus: " Yea, and the Pythian oracles obscure." 
 Cassandra: " Alas the fire! It cometh on again! 
 Apollo, King Lycaean, woe is me! 
 Yonder two footed lioness, with wolf 
 Paired, in the absence of the Uon kingly, 
 Will slay me wretched one, and as a drug 
 Mingling, she boasted in the cup of wrath 
 To fling for me the quittance, while the sword 
 She sharpeneth for her husband, paying thus 
 Murder for me whom he hath carried off. 
 Why then these trappings keep of mockery 
 Staff and prophetic garlands on my neck? 
 You first, ere my own death, I will destroy. 
 
MYCENAE 123 
 
 Go to perdition flung I follow soon. 
 
 Enrich some other Fury in my place. 
 
 Behold Apollo stripping me himself 
 
 Of robe prophetic, looking on in scqrn 
 
 On me in these adornments greatly mocked, 
 
 By friends, by foes, too plainly without cause. 
 
 Yet not dishonoured of the gods I die. 
 
 Another champion of my cause shall come, 
 
 By mother's death a father to avenge 
 
 Though now a wandering exile from this land, 
 
 Stranger afar, he cometh, for his friends 
 
 To place the cap-stone on these deeds of woe. 
 
 For mighty is the oath the gods have sworn, 
 
 His murdered father's fall shall bring him home. 
 
 Why then do I make piteous lament 
 
 When once I have beheld my Ilium 
 
 Faring as she hath fared and those who took 
 
 Requited thus by judgment of the gods? 
 
 I go to meet my fate, will dare to die. 
 
 But yonder gates of Hades I address. 
 
 And pray I may receive a fatal blow. 
 
 That free from struggle, Ufe-blood ebbing fast, 
 
 In death at last I close mine eyes to rest." 
 
 Chorus: " Woman of many sorrows, wise in much. 
 
 Long hast thou stretched the tale, but if in truth 
 
 Thy doom thou knowest, why like god-sped ox 
 
 Dost thou so bravely to the altar tread? " 
 
124 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Cassandra: " Escape, oh strangers, can no longer 
 
 be." 
 Chorus: " Yet is the last in time the gainer held." 
 Cassandra: " My day is come. I little gain by 
 
 flight." 
 Chorus: " Know thou art brave and of enduring 
 
 soul." 
 Cassandra: " The happy never hear such words of 
 
 praise." 
 Chorum: " Yet to die nobly is esteemed a boon." 
 Cassandra: " Alas my father and thy noble race! " 
 Chorus: " Nay what is this? What dread doth turn 
 
 thee back? " 
 Cassandra: " Woe! Woe! " 
 
 Chorus: " Why criest thus? Some hateful phan- 
 tasy? " 
 Cassandra: " Blood-dripping massacre these halls 
 
 breathe forth." 
 Chorum: " Nay, of domestic sacrifice it smelleth." 
 Cassandra: " Behold a vapour, hke as from the 
 
 tomb." 
 Chorus: " No Syrian decking of the house thou 
 
 namest." 
 Cassandra: " I go, and in the halls will shriek my 
 
 doom 
 And Agamemnon's Now enough of life! 
 
 Alas! oh strangers! 
 Not idly as a bird doth dread the bush, 
 I shrink Bear witness after I am gone, 
 
MYCENAE 125 
 
 When woman shall for me a woman fall, 
 
 And man, in recompense for man ill- wed. 
 
 I claim this boon as one about to die." 
 
 Chorus: '^ Unhappy one, I pity this thy doom." 
 
 Cassandra: " One word I fain would add, not mine 
 
 own dirge; 
 But this last ray of sunUght I invoke, 
 That my avengers in full measure pay 
 Requital on my slaughterers abhorred, 
 For murdered slave an easy victory! 
 Ah mortal fortunes! If they happy be. 
 Like to a shadow they! But be they ill, 
 A wetted sponge doth blot the picture out. 
 And these I pity far more than the rest." 
 
 Here is the chamber where the fatal bath was 
 prepared; there the palace doorway where the 
 exultant queen boasted of her victory and showed 
 her murdered lord to the angry people. 
 
 Clytemnestra: " I^ stand where I did strike 
 
 The deed is done. 
 And so I wrought, this will I not deny. 
 That neither could he flee nor fend his doom. 
 A net with outlet none, as 'twere for fish, 
 I cast about him, fatal wealth of robe. 
 And struck him twice and straightway with two 
 
 groans 
 ^ Aeschylus: Ag., 1530. 
 
126 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 His limbs relaxed, and prostrate as he lay, 
 To fill the tale of blows, I struck a third, 
 To Saviour Zeus below a votive boon. 
 Falling, he panted thus his life away, 
 And, gasping forth sharp jet of blood, he cast 
 On me a torrent dark of sanguine dew. 
 And I rejoiced no less than planted field 
 At earing- time, in wealth from heaven poured 
 Thus matters stand. Oh Argive deputies. 
 Ye may rejoice or not, but I exult. 
 And if 'twere seemly on a corpse to pour 
 Libation, I had more than justly poured 
 Such bowl of cursings in this house this man 
 Filled, and himself on his return hath drunk. '^ 
 
 Clytemnestra: " . . . At ^ my hand he fell, 
 
 I too will bury him; 
 But not with lamentations from the halls attending. 
 Iphigenia his daughter, as is meet. 
 With welcome shall her father greet. 
 By the swift stream descending 
 To world of woe; 
 And round him in embrace 
 Her arms shall throw." 
 
 Chorus: " Lo, chiding new for chiding in rebuttal: 
 But hard the cause to judicate. 
 
 ^Aeschylus: Ag., 1530. 
 
MYCENAE 127 
 
 Spoiled is the spoiler, and the slayer payeth. 
 Abideth fixed, while Zeus is on his throne, 
 The doer suffer Such the law of Fate." 
 
 Here too is the spot where in after time her own 
 son Orestes plunged his sword into the breast she 
 held toward him in despairing suppUcation. 
 
 Clytemnestra: " Ah ^ me! Thy riddle I too well can 
 
 read. 
 I fall by treason, as in truth I slew. 
 Let some one quickly bring a murderous ax! 
 I'll know if victor or if vanquished I. 
 For to this pitch of evil I am come." 
 Orestes: " Thee, thee, I seek. Thy partner hath 
 
 enough." 
 Clytemnestra: " Alas! Aegisthus dearest, art thou 
 
 dead? " 
 Orestes: " Thou lov'st the fellow? Therefore in one 
 
 tomb 
 Thou'lt lie, and never him in death forsake." 
 Clytemnestra: " Hold! child of mine, and reverence 
 
 this breast. 
 At which thou hast, in infant slumber, oft 
 Sucked with thy gums the milk that nourished 
 
 thee." 
 Orestes: " Oh Pylades! Dare I my mother slay? " 
 Pylades: " Where else the Oracles of Loxias 
 ^Aesc: Choeph., 873 ff. 
 
128 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Uttered at Pytho? And the pledges sure? 
 
 Hold all men hostile rather than the gods." 
 
 Orestes: " I judge thee victor, and thy counsel best. 
 
 Follow, I'd slay thee close to yonder wretch. 
 
 In hfe thou deem'dst him dearer than my sire 
 
 Now sleep beside him dead, since thou dost love 
 
 This fellow, and dost hate whom thou shouldst 
 
 love." 
 Clytemnestra: '' I nursed thee, and with thee would 
 
 pass mine age." 
 Orestes: " My father's murderess! Thou to dwell 
 
 with me? " 
 Clytemnestra: " 'Twas fate, my son, that shared 
 
 the guilt of this." 
 Orestes: " Thy death as well 'tis fate hath brought 
 
 to pass." 
 Clytemnestra: " Dost thou not dread a mother's 
 
 curse, my child? " 
 Orestes: " Nay, for my mother cast me off to griefs." 
 Clytemnestra: "Nay, not cast off; to friendly home 
 
 it was." 
 Orestes: " Of free born father, I was doubly sold." 
 Clytemnestra: '' Where then the price which I re- 
 ceived for thee? " 
 Orestes: " I blush to speak thy shame thus openly." 
 Clytemnestra: " Nay, of thy father's guilty deeds 
 
 speak too! " 
 Orestes: " Safe in the house, chide not the toiler 
 
 thou." 
 
MYCENAE 129 
 
 Clytemnestra: " 'Tis hard for wife when severed 
 
 from her spouse." 
 Orestes: " The toil of spouse doth feed the wife at 
 
 home.'' 
 Clytemnestra: " So thou, my child, wilt slay thy 
 
 mother then? " 
 Orestes: " 'Tis thou thyself, not I, thyself wilt 
 
 slay." 
 Clytemnestra: " Look well! Beware a mother's 
 
 angry hounds! " 
 Orestes: " How, if remiss, my father's can I 
 
 'scape? " 
 Clytemnestra: " I, living, to a tomb * bewail in 
 
 vain." 
 Orestes: " Yea, for my father's death hath sent this 
 
 doom." 
 Clytemnestra: " Ah me! This serpent I have borne 
 
 and nursed! " 
 Orestes: " True prophet was thy terror from the 
 
 dream 
 Thou slewest whom thou should'st not! Bear thy 
 
 fate! " 
 
 From these doors a mother's furies pursued the 
 matricide, until in holy Athens they were appeased 
 at last, and the curse of Tantalus was Hfted from 
 the fifth generation. Indeed the sins of the fathers 
 have been visited on their children. For so it is 
 
 1 Tomb. One deaf to entreaty is often called a tomb. riJ/i/Sos. 
 
130 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 to-day as in days of old, that great prosperity 
 uplifts the heart of man and of nation, till insolent 
 wealth begets Satiety, parent of Deed of Outrage, 
 which brings forth fresh crime, prolonging the 
 curse to generations yet unborn. 
 
 " An ^ ancient saw told long ago 
 Is current among mortals, 
 . When man's prosperity is waxen great. 
 It gendereth offspring, nor childless dieth, 
 And from success upspringeth 
 Sorrow insatiate for his race. 
 
 " Single my mind apart from others, for the impious 
 deed 
 
 Begetteth more in likeness of their stock; 
 While if the house be righteous. 
 Fate aye bestoweth goodly progeny. 
 
 " But ancient Outrage, soon or late, 
 Is wont to get young Outrage, 
 Wantoning in men's woes, when time is ripe 
 She breedeth swollen Surfeit and that demon 
 None can o'erthrow in fight, none war upon: 
 Audacity Unholy 
 Black pair of horrors in the halls, 
 
 Like to their ancestry. 
 But Justice shineth in the smoky hovel 
 
 Aeschylus: Ag., 727-754. 
 
MYCENAE 131 
 
 And honoureth the righteous life 
 While gilded halls where hands are foul 
 
 Leaving with eyes averted, 
 She visiteth the holy, 
 Respecting not the power of wealth 
 
 False stamped with vulgar praise. 
 
 And all she swayeth to the end." 
 
CHAPTER VIII 
 
 THE ARGOLID AND NAUPLIA 
 
 Our imagination was sated with horrors, and it 
 was a relief to descend to the bright plain, and 
 follow the course of the Inachus beside which 
 lo used to play, till it sweeps past Argos to the 
 sea. 
 
 lo:^ " For nightly visions ever visiting 
 
 My maiden chamber, wooed me with soft words: 
 
 ' Oh damsel greatly blest, why thus so long 
 
 Unmated, while 'tis given thee to gain 
 
 Bridal most high? For Zeus, with shaft of love 
 
 For thee inflamed, would fain thy favours win. 
 
 But thou, oh child, spurn not the couch of 
 
 Zeus; 
 But hie thee forth to Lerna's deep-soiled mead. 
 To pastures of thy father's flocks and herds. 
 That so the eye of Zeus be soothed from longing. 
 By dreams Hke these, each night was I beset. 
 Unhappy maid, until I dared at last 
 Confess the night-seen visions to my sire." 
 
 Aeschylus: Prom., 663-675. 
 132 
 
THE ARGOLID AND NAUPLlA 133 
 
 Time compelled us to leave the temple of Hera 
 unvisited. It lies at some distance to the eastward 
 of our road, and has in recent years been the scene 
 of successful excavations made by American 
 archaeologists. The Heraeum was one of the oldest 
 sanctuaries of Greece. A scarab of Thothmes III 
 has been found among its ruins, and the temple 
 registers furnished a system of dating older than 
 the reckoning by Olympiads. Here the Greeks 
 acknowledged Agamemnon as commander in chief 
 of the expedition to Troy, and the great Goddess 
 never failed in loyal zeal for the success of the Grecian 
 arms. 
 
 The most interesting story connected with the 
 Heraeum is the one told by Herodotus. 
 
 When Solon was at the court of the Lydian king, 
 Croesus, the king, after showing him his possessions, 
 asked him who was the happiest man whom he had 
 ever seen. When Solon repUed that it was Tellos 
 the Athenian, who had died for his country, the 
 disappointed king ^' asked ^ him further who was 
 the second happiest whom he had seen, next after 
 Tellos expecting of course that he himself was 
 surely to win second honours. Solon however 
 answered * Cleobis and Biton,' for these, being of 
 Argive stock, possessed sufficient means of sub- 
 sistence, and in addition to this, enjoyed strength 
 of body, such as I shall relate. Both aUke had been 
 
 * Herodotus., i. 31. 
 
134 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 prize-winners in the games, and the following story- 
 is told of them: When the Argives were celebrating 
 a festival of Hera, it became quite necessary that 
 their mother ^ be conveyed to the temple on a wagon. 
 Now their oxen had not returned from the fields in 
 season. The youths, therefore, constrained by the 
 shortness of the time, put on the yoke and drew 
 the wagon themselves, while their mother rode 
 thereon. And after they had drawn her forty-five 
 stades,^ they reached the temple. Now when they 
 had done this, and had been seen by the assembly 
 of worshippers, a most glorious ending of life came 
 upon them; and the god showed thereby that it 
 was a better thing for a man to die than to live. 
 For the Argive men thronged about them, congratu- 
 lating the young men for their strength; while the 
 Argive women congratulated the mother who had 
 been blest with such sons. And the mother, over- 
 joyed at the deed and the praise of it, stood facing 
 the image of the goddess, and prayed that the 
 goddess would grant to Cleobis and Biton, her sons, 
 who had so greatly honoured her, that boon which 
 is most blessed for a man to obtain. And after this 
 prayer, when they had feasted and made merry, 
 the young men slept in the temple, and waked not 
 again, but met with this end of life." 
 
 * Cydippe, priestess of the Heraeum. 
 ^ From the city of Argos. 
 
THE ARGOLID AND NAUPLIA 135 
 
 " Not ^ false this tale, but eminent for truth 
 The holy piety of Cydippe's sons: 
 For sweet and joyful was the mark attained 
 Death in Ufe's Springtime by the hero pair. 
 Since for their mother's love they took on them 
 The heavy burden of a task renowned. 
 Hail 'mid the dead, famed for your piety! 
 Through ages be this glory yours alone." 
 
 The Heraeum was the scene of the well known 
 tale of the philosopher Pythagoras and the shield of 
 Euphorbus. Menelaus, after his return from Troy, 
 dedicated in this temple the captured shield of 
 Euphorbus, whom he had killed. In later years, 
 Pythagoras entered the temple and selected this 
 shield at once from the many votive shields hung 
 on the walls. It proved to have the name of Eu- 
 phorbus upon it. Now Pythagoras in teaching the 
 doctrine of metempsychosis had always claimed to 
 be a reincarnation of Euphorbus, and he announced 
 that he had established the claim by his success in 
 picking out the right shield. 
 
 Argos is famiUar to us from childhood as the birth- 
 place of Perseus. Hawthorne tells the story in his 
 delightful Tanglewood Tales. The king Acrisius 
 placed his daughter Danae and her little son in a 
 chest, and committed them to the waves of the 
 
 Anth. Pal., iii. 18. 
 
136 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Nauplian Gulf. The beautiful poem of Simonides 
 was in our mind: 
 
 " When ^ in the richly inlaid chest she lay 
 Tossed by the blowing wind and sea upheaved, 
 Then on her wetted cheeks pale terror stole; 
 And round her Perseus her protecting arm 
 She cast and spake: * Ah child, what sorrow I 
 Must bear for thee, whilst thou the flower of sleep 
 Dost cull, and in thy calm oblivion still. 
 In joyless bronze-clamped chest thou hest nestling, 
 Wrapped in a ray less night and darksome gloom. 
 The deep brine sweeping o'er thy tender locks. 
 The passing wave, thou heedest not, nor voice 
 Of winds, but, in thy crimson blanket wrapped. 
 Thou still dost press thy face against my face. 
 But if the fear to thee were fear indeed. 
 Thou to my words wouldst lend thy tiny ear. 
 But nay, I bid thee still sleep on, my child. 
 And sleep the sea, and sleep our cruel woe! 
 And oh, from thee may some blest change appear, 
 Oh Father Zeus! And if apart from right. 
 Or overbold my prayer, oh pardon me." 
 
 A short fragment from the lost Acrisius of Sopho- 
 cles gives us a glimpse of the proud princess when 
 her fault has become known to her cruel father: 
 
 * Simonides, 37 Bergk. 
 
THE ARGOLID AND NAUPLIA 137 
 
 " Brief ^ speech beseemeth those whose thoughts are 
 
 pure, 
 In answer to a parent; more than all 
 When one is of the Argive stock, a maid, 
 Whose ornament is silence and few words." 
 
 Another fragment from a lost drama the 
 Danae of Euripides depicts the intense maternal 
 affection of the heroine: 
 
 " My 2 women, dear is hght of yonder sun, 
 And fair to see the windless ocean flood, 
 The vernal bloom of Earth, the wealth of streams 
 Of many blessings I might sing the praise. 
 But naught so bright nor goodly to behold 
 Exists as when to childless ones, whose hearts 
 Are gnawed by longing, is vouchsafed at last 
 To see the hght of infants in their homes." 
 
 There was Httle to detain us in Argos except the 
 fine ancient theatre, and we took our way through 
 the streets of the typical modern Greek town, and 
 hurried on to Tiryns.^ Archaeologists consider this 
 the best spot in Greece for studying the arrange- 
 ments of a fortified palace of Homeric times. The 
 famous galleries served in the War of Independence 
 
 ^ Soph.: Frag., 61. 
 2 Eurip.: Frag., 318. 
 
 ' The ancient city fortified, we are told, by Perseus and the 
 Lycian Cyclopes. 
 
138 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 to give shelter to fugitives from the Turkish soldiery. 
 Their exact purpose in ancient times is a matter of 
 controversy to the learned. The guide of to-day 
 tells the traveller that they are a favourite haunt 
 for sheep and goats, and that it is by the innocent 
 agency of these, that the grim gallery walls have been 
 worn to a mirror-Uke smoothness. The cruel Eu- 
 rystheus was king of Tiryns in days of old, and it 
 was at his bidding and the divine behest of Hera 
 that Heracles was compelled to go up and down 
 Greece performing his twelve labours, and freeing 
 the land from the monsters that were its plague. 
 The slaying of the Lernaean Hydra is held by those 
 who rationalize the myth to contain a tale of the 
 draining of the marsh of Lerna which had rendered 
 the town of Argos unhealthy. 
 
 At nightfall we reached NaupUa NapoU di 
 Romania, as it was often called in the early part 
 of the nineteenth century. Certainly the Bay of 
 NaupUa is in the opinion of many more beautiful 
 than the great Bay of Naples itself. Many traces of 
 Prankish and Venetian occupation remain in gates 
 and fortifications, and even in a few palaces with 
 coats of arms emblazoned on the walls. 
 
 The town was named for NaupHos, son of Poseidon, 
 famous for the vengeance he took on the Greek 
 fleet as it approached the Euboean Promontory 
 on the return from Troy. The story is contained 
 in SchoHa on the Dramatists and in fragments of 
 
THE ARGOLID AND NAUPLIA 139 
 
 lost plays. Palamedes and Oeax were sons of Nau- 
 plios. The former was a clever inventor. To him 
 were ascribed, among other inventions, the games 
 of draughts and dice, the building of the first Ught- 
 houses, and the art of writing on tablets. Once, 
 when during the siege of Troy the Greeks were dis- 
 heartened by a famine and by the discomforts of 
 their endless task, Palamedes cheered them by the 
 introduction of his new games. At the beginning 
 of the war, it was his cleverness that detected the 
 feigned madness of Odysseus, and forced that wily 
 hero to a reluctant participation in the expedition. 
 For this Odysseus cherished deep resentment, and 
 in conjunction with the Atridae, who were jealous 
 of the popularity of Palamedes, he contrived by a 
 trick to make it appear that their enemy was in 
 traitorous correspondence with King Priam. Pala- 
 medes was stoned to death, and his brother wrote 
 the tale on wooden tablets which he committed to 
 the sea in hopes that some might float home to 
 Nauplia and inform King Nauplios of the murder 
 of his son. The plan was successful, and NaupHos set 
 a deceitful beacon on a dangerous cape of Euboea, 
 which lured many of the returning Greeks to death 
 by shipwreck. 
 
 " Oblivion's * cure I only did provide 
 
 Silent and sounding syllables combined 
 ^ Eur.: Palam. Frag., 582 (Dindorf). 
 
140 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Inventing, so mankind might letters know. 
 Thus, though far absent over ocean's tract 
 A man might learn the fortunes of his home. 
 And, at a death, to children might be told 
 In writing plain, the measure of their wealth. 
 And that which might to evil strife have led, 
 The tablet judgeth and forbiddeth Ues." 
 
 In another fragment the Chorus reproaches Odys- 
 seus and the Greeks: 
 
 " Ye ^ have slain, ye have slain 
 The all- wise one, ye Danai! 
 
 The Muses' nightingale. 
 Who ne'er caused grief to any." 
 
 The fortified height above Nauplia retains the 
 name of Palamidi to this day. The town has played 
 an important part in the miUtary history of Greece in 
 post-classic times. Its capture from the Turks in 
 1822 gave great encouragement to the revolutionists, 
 and it became for a time the capital of the newly 
 liberated nation when the war was over. Here the 
 first President, Capodistrias, was assassinated, and 
 it was at NaupHa that King Otho first made his entry 
 into his dominions. 
 
 Eur.: Palam. Frag., 591 (Dindorf). 
 
CHAPTER IX 
 
 DELPHI 
 
 " When the lightning flashed through Harma," ^ 
 the mission to Delphi was wont to proceed thither 
 by the Sacred Way, passing through Eleusis and 
 the defiles of Cithaeron; then across Boeotia and 
 through the winding passes of Parnassus. The road 
 was built by Theseus to conduct Apollo on his 
 triumphal journey from Athens, whither he had 
 come from his birthplace in Delos. 
 
 The traveller to-day, however, usually goes to the 
 port of Itea by steamer from Piraeus through the 
 new canal, or else by rail to Corinth and thence 
 across the Gulf by one of the very irregular steamers. 
 The journey by sea from Piraeus is the most com- 
 fortable, and it is interesting too. We skirted 
 closely the outer coast of Salamis, and sailed through 
 
 ^ Harma (Strabo, ix. chap, i) was a mountain on the Boeo- 
 tian border, whence signal fires could be seen by watchers in 
 the Pythion at Athens. Dorpfeld claims that this Pythion 
 is identical with the Grotto of Apollo on the northern slope 
 of the Acropolis (Chapter I) and thus he elucidates the puz- 
 zling passage in Philostratus concerning the Panathenaic 
 ship. 
 
 141 
 
142 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 the calm Saronic as it narrowed towards the Isth- 
 mus, and after passing through the canal we issued 
 forth into the Corinthian Gulf for a sail of three or 
 four hours on one of the most beautiful stretches 
 of water in the world. We passed the rock of Hera 
 Acraia, the " Gibraltar of the Corinthian Gulf." 
 Like its namesake, it resembles a crouching lion with 
 head erect and mighty paws extending seaward. 
 This is the spot where Medea buried her children, 
 carrying them from Corinth in her winged chariot.^ 
 Her parting words to them when she has resolved 
 upon their death are among the most heart-breaking 
 to be found in the" most pathetic " of poets. 
 
 Medea: ^ " Oh children, children, ye a city have 
 
 And home, wherein, forsaking wretched me, 
 
 Ye aye shall dwell, bereft of mothers' love: 
 
 While I to other lands an exile go 
 
 Ere any joy I win of you, and see 
 
 Your happiness, ere wife and nuptial couch 
 
 I deck, and hold aloft the marriage torch. 
 
 Ah me, unhappy for my daring deed! 
 
 In vain, then, children, did I nurture you. 
 
 In vain I laboured, and was worn with toil, 
 
 In vain I bore the grievous travail-pangs. 
 
 Unhappy! Many hopes I had in you. 
 
 That some day surely ye would tend mine age, 
 
 ^ Eurip.: Medea, 1379. 
 Eurip.: Medea, 1022 ff. 
 
DELPHI 143 
 
 And with your hands my body deck in death, 
 Of mortals envied. But the sweet hope now 
 Is perished. For henceforth bereft of you, 
 A mournful life and grievous I must pass. 
 And ye no more with loving eyes shall look 
 Upon your mother in your altered hfe. 
 Woe, woe, why gaze ye at me, children mine? 
 Why laugh unto me this last laugh of all? 
 Ah me, what can I do? My heart is faint. 
 Oh women, at the bright face of my babes. 
 I cannot do it, farewell former plans ! 
 I take my children with me from the land. 
 
 Yet how is it with me? Shall I endure 
 
 To be a jest of unrequited foes? 
 
 This must be dared. But ah, unhappy me. 
 
 That I should have let fall such weakUng words! 
 
 Go, children, to the house. Let him who hath 
 
 No part in this my service, look to it! 
 
 I will not spoil the deed of my right hand. 
 
 But lo, I needs must tread a woful road. 
 And these must send on one more woful still. 
 My boys I'd fain address, give, children mine, 
 Give to your mother your right hand to kiss. 
 Oh, dearest hand and dearest face to me! 
 My children's form and noble countenance! 
 Blessed be ye but yonder for your sire 
 
144 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Hath robbed you of your sojourn here. Oh sweet 
 Embrace, soft skin, and dearest breath of babes! 
 Away! Away! no longer can I bear 
 To look upon you, conquered by my woe." 
 
 Beyond the promontory the Gulf widens, and as 
 we passed out the clouds began to gather over the 
 white tops of the distant mountains of Arcadia and 
 soon shut out the Peloponnesian shore. Once for 
 a moment the clouds suddenly parted, and framed 
 a picture of solemn splendour. Behind the dark 
 masses of the nearer mountains, the snowy top of 
 Cyllene was flooded with golden sunUght. The 
 diamond-shaped rent in the clouds was as it were 
 fringed with an edging of silver fur. In another 
 moment all was dark again, and a torrent of rain 
 succeeded, shutting out the view entirely, and con- 
 tinuing till we landed at the Uttle port of Itea 
 the ancient Cirrha where we passed the night. 
 
 When morning came the storm was over and we 
 enjoyed the sunUt view from the balcony of the 
 inn until the mules were saddled and our procession 
 ready to start. 
 
 At first our course lay through the great olive 
 groves of the famous Crissaean Plain. This sacred 
 land played a fatal part in Grecian history. The 
 inhabitants of Crisa had been wont to plunder 
 pilgrims on their way to visit the shrine of Delphi, 
 until at the instigation of the Pythia Solon 
 
DELPHI 145 
 
 and the Athenians, in aUiance with Clisthenes of 
 Sicyon, destroyed the guilty town in 591 b. c. and 
 dedicated the Plain as the inviolable possession of 
 the god. In honour of this event the famous 
 Pythian Games were founded. In late times, how- 
 ever, the inhabitants of Amphissa cast covetous 
 eyes upon the fair fields which spread themselves 
 below their mountain fastness, and dared to seize 
 and cultivate the holy soil. To punish them for this 
 outrage, the Amphictyonic Council, the national 
 guardians of the rights of Delphi, declared a Sacred 
 War. Then it was that PhiHp of Macedon knew that 
 his time had come. His intervention in the Sacred 
 War was the beginning of the end, and only a year 
 later the independence of Greece perished on the 
 fatal field of Chaeronea. 
 
 Our road through the olives led us to the foot 
 of Parnassus. Northwestward cUmbed the road to 
 Amphissa. We left this on our left and after an 
 hour reached the flourishing town of Cryso, which 
 preserves in its name the memory of the town 
 destroyed twenty-five centuries ago. Below us 
 on our right the Pleistos emerged from the gorge 
 which narrows fast. An hour more and we dis- 
 mounted at Kastri, the new village to which the 
 inhabitants whose houses were destroyed by the 
 excavations were removed. 
 
 From the balcony of our little lodging, a mar- 
 vellous prospect was unfolded. Far below us 
 
146 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 stretching towards the sea was the Sacred Plain 
 dark with its olives. To our right were the lower 
 spurs of Kiona, whose summit overtops Parnassus 
 itself. To the left, the solemn gorge of the Pleistos, 
 and in the chff which forms its southern wall we 
 could see the dark opening of the cave of Lamia, 
 the horrid gobhn whose name was used to terrify 
 rebellious children into submission. 
 
 Before visiting the excavations, we walked along 
 the road past them, that first we might purify our- 
 selves in the waters of the Castalian spring which 
 flows forth from the angle of the Phaedriades. These 
 are two cliffs which form natural walls to north- 
 east and southeast of the holy precinct. From 
 one of these, Hyampeia, good old Aesop was hurled 
 to his death. He was accused by his enemies of 
 having robbed the shrine. They had concealed in 
 his baggage some of the sacred vessels, and in 
 spite of his protestations and the warnings he uttered 
 in his quaint form of fables, he was dragged to the 
 edge of the cHff and hurled over. But the gods made 
 his innocence manifest, and his death was avenged 
 by a destructive earthquake which soon after 
 visited the spot. 
 
 The spring of Castalia has been famed in song and 
 story above all other fountains. He who drinks 
 of its waters is blessed with the gift of poetry 
 for ever. Here those who would visit the shrine 
 must first pause for purification: 
 
DELPHI 147 
 
 " Pure ^ to the temple approach of the undefiled 
 
 deity, stranger, 
 Pure in thy soul, and bathe in the sacred stream of 
 
 the nymphs. 
 Since for the good sufficeth the smallest drop but 
 
 the wicked 
 Even the Ocean vast never could cleanse with his 
 
 streams." 
 
 The band of maidens sent from T3rre to serve in 
 the temple thus greet the holy scene: 
 
 " Leaving ^ the swell of the Tyrian Sea, 
 Lo I am come for Loxias, 
 Far from the Isle Phoenician, 
 Slave to the halls of Phoebus, 
 Where, 'neath the snow-swept mountain ridge 
 Of Parnassus, his seat was chosen. 
 
 Still it awaiteth me to lave 
 In Castalia's flowing waters 
 My hair, the pride of my maidenhood, 
 In service divine of Phoebus. 
 Hail, thou Rock that dost light the gleam 
 O'er the twin peaked Bacchic mountains. 
 Hail, Vine that distillest the daily wine, 
 Forth putting thy fruitful cluster. 
 
 Anth.: Pal., xiv. 71. 
 2 Eur.: Phoen., 202 ff. 
 
148 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Hail, holy cave of the dragon, hail, 
 Ye hill-top watch-towers of the gods. 
 And sacred snow-smitten mountain, hail! 
 Ah! would I in praise of the deathless One 
 Might weave the dance on fearless feet 
 By the mid-earth Hollow of Phoebus! " 
 
 We rested beneath the ancient plane tree, planted 
 they say by Agamemnon; and refreshed and puri- 
 fied we approached the shrine. On either hand are 
 the ruins of the votive offerings too often, alas! 
 commemorating fratricidal victories and of the 
 treasuries which offered such rich loot for Nero and 
 other plunderers, in spite of whom the site could 
 still offer thousands of statues as late as the time 
 of Pausanias. The Athenian treasure-house is being 
 rebuilt of its original materials, which were lying 
 almost intact. Its decorations have been taken to 
 the museum, and their place suppUed by admirable 
 reproductions. Upon the walls are hymns to Apollo 
 with musical notation a rare archaeological 
 prize and an inscription in situ speaks of the battle 
 of Marathon, in honour of which the treasury was built. 
 
 We passed the rough rock from which, in earliest 
 days of all, the Sibyl Herophile uttered prophecy, 
 foretelUng among other things the fatal story of 
 Helen. We paused for a moment in the Athenian 
 Stoa and then continued our gradual ascent. As 
 the Sacred Way turned to the northward round the 
 
DELPHI 149 
 
 end of the great temple, we saw before us the pedestal 
 of one of the most interesting monuments in the 
 world. Upon this pedestal stood the great tripod 
 offered by redeemed Greece from the spoils of Pla- 
 taea. The central support was of brazen serpents 
 intertwined. On it were inscribed the names of 
 the States that took part in this culminating victory 
 of the Persian War, and many of these names may 
 still be read upon the portion preserved at Constan- 
 tinople, whither it was carried by Constantine to 
 adorn the Hippodrome of his new capital. It is 
 related that Mohammed II, who wrested Constanti- 
 nople from the Christians in 1453 a. d., smote one of 
 the brazen serpent heads with his sword, declaring 
 that the conqueror of Europe thus avenged the 
 ancient defeat of Asia. 
 
 But we were at last come to Earth's very centre, 
 the Pythian shrine itself. We stood where young 
 Ion stood, in the portal which he used to sweep each 
 morning at sunrise with such devotion. 
 
 " Lo,^ yonder gleameth the four-horsed car 
 And Helios now sheddeth day o'er the land. 
 The stars are fleeing before his blaze 
 
 To the holy night. 
 And the peaks untrod of Parnassus Mount 
 With dawn illumined, receive for men 
 The chariot wheel diurnal. 
 1 Eurip.: Ion, 82 fif. 
 
150 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 " Dry incense smoke to the lofty roof 
 
 Of Phoebus flieth. 
 On the tripod divine her seat doth take 
 The Delphian, singing to Greeks the strains 
 Whatever Apollo may utter. 
 
 ** But oh ye Delphian ministers 
 Of Phoebus, hie to the silver whirls 
 Of Castalia, where with unsullied dew 
 Having washed you clean, the temple approach. 
 And guard ye well from ill-speaking the Ups, 
 And words of blest import, to those who fain 
 Would the shrine consult, 
 From your own lips see that ye utter. 
 
 " While I, at my task which from Childhood's hour 
 
 I ever ply, with the laurel boughs 
 And holy wreaths, the gate of the God 
 Will adorn, and sprinkle the floor bedewed 
 With moistened drops. And the flocks of birds 
 
 Who the shrines defile 
 Of the images holy, with bow of mine 
 I will put to flight For, sprung from none 
 From father nor mother, my nursling home 
 The Temple of Phoebus I cherish. 
 
 " Oh minister fresh blooming, hail 
 My broom of laurel fair. 
 Who Phoebus' altar in his fane 
 Hast ever in thy care! 
 
DELPHI 151 
 
 " In gardens never dying, whence 
 The streams of holy dew 
 Their ever-flowing springs send forth, 
 Thy sacred myrtle grew. 
 
 " With thee I sweep the floor divine 
 Throughout the livelong day, 
 With swift wing of the rising sun, 
 My service glad I pay. 
 
 " Oh Paean, oh Paean! 
 Blessed, oh, blessed 
 Be thou, Latona's son! 
 
 " Fair is the task I ply 
 Oh Phoebus, at thy shrine, 
 Thy seat prophetic honouring. 
 Glorious the task for aye. 
 
 " To gods who live for ever 
 My hand in thrall is held. 
 And in glad labour thus to toil 
 I can grow weary never. 
 
 " Phoebus my sire divine! 
 For him who nurtured me I praise 
 To him is due a father's name 
 The Phoebus of this shrine. 
 
152 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 " Oh Paean, oh Paean! 
 
 Blessed, oh, blessed 
 Be thou, Latona's son! " 
 
 Of Apollo's lordly temple all is in ruins except the 
 pavement, and we search in vain for the rehcs of its 
 past glories. Gone is the great entrance porch 
 over which were inscribed in golden letters the say- 
 ings of the Seven Sages. '' Know Thyself." " Noth- 
 ing Overmuch." Pediments, friezes and columns, 
 all are gone. No vestige is left of the marvels which 
 greeted the eyes of the visitors of old, who accom- 
 panied Creusa when she came to consult the God. 
 The exclamations of these visitors remind one of 
 the modern tourist. 
 
 Chorus a. " Not ^ only then in Athens the Divine 
 Are courts of gods fair-columned, 
 And services before the fane. 
 Lo, e'en for Loxias, Lato's son, 
 The fair-eyed hght of portals twain! 
 
 Chorus p, " Look yonder and behold! 
 The Hydra, lo, he slayeth, 
 Of Lerna, he the son of Zeus, 
 
 With sword of gold. 
 
 Dear friend, behold! 
 
 ^ Eurip.: Ion, 184 fif. 
 
DELPHI 153 
 
 Chorum d. "I see, and by his side 
 
 Another standeth, lifting burning torch. 
 Can it be he of whom is told the tale 
 In my embroideries? 
 Shield-holder lolaus, he 
 Who sharing labours on him laid, 
 The son of Zeus doth aid. 
 
 Chorus y\ "See yonder man as well! 
 Seated on courier wingM, 
 He layeth low the Fire-breathing Might 
 Three-bodied monster fell. 
 
 Chorus a. "I turn my glances everywhere 
 Lo, on the marble walls, 
 Behold the combat of the giants there! 
 
 Chorum 8'. " Thither, dear friends, we look. 
 
 Chorus c. " Dost see the Fierce-Eyed One? 
 
 Against Enceladus her shield is shook. 
 
 Chorus s'. " Yea, my own goddess Pallas I discern. 
 
 Chorus f . " How else? the heavy thunderbolt of 
 fire 
 
 In hands of Zeus far-hurling? 
 
 Chorum i}. "I see, dread Mimas he with flame doth 
 burn. 
 
154 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 ChoriLS &, " Lo Bromios, with ivy rod 
 
 Unwarlike, doth another slay 
 Of sons of Earth the Bacchic 
 God! '' 
 
 As we stood upon the ancient pavement, the 
 solemnity of the spot was overpowering. We could 
 feel amid the silence of these ruins, in this lonely 
 sheltered niche of the mountain, with the solemn 
 gorge far below us, that we were indeed at the very 
 centre of the world. For of civiUzation as we con- 
 ceive it, Greece was, in those old days, the only 
 exponent on Earth; and had it not been for the 
 victories of which these stones bear witness, the 
 very Ught of hfe in the world would have been 
 quenched. Instead of liberty, the soft luxury of 
 Asia with its soul-deadening tyranny would have 
 smothered Europe. Indeed humanity was on the 
 " razor-edge " of the balance when the hope of 
 Greece was contained in the ''wooden walls," 
 and later when the last great stand was made on the 
 Plataean Plain. 
 
 The first temple of Apollo is said to have been 
 built of the wood of laurel brought from the Vale 
 of Tempe. This was succeeded by one built of 
 wax and feathers by a swarm of bees. The third 
 temple was of brass; the fourth, of stone, built by 
 Trophonius and Agamedes as in the Homeric 
 Hymn; and the final one, of stone and marble, 
 
DELPHI 155 
 
 under the direction of the Amphictyons, who em- 
 ployed Spintharos as architect. The noble Athenian 
 family of the Alcmaeonidae, wishing to secure the 
 powerful voice of the Oracle in behalf of their 
 restoration from banishment, undertook to carry 
 out the plans, and instead of the ordinary stone of 
 the neighbourhood called for by the contract, they 
 employed Parian marble for the eastern front. 
 Within the temple was the sacred quivering laurel 
 of which the Pythian priestess was wont to chew 
 the leaves before descending to the inmost shrine. 
 Here too she drank of the water conducted from the 
 spring Cassotis. Not only must the laurel quiver, 
 but the sacrificial victim too must quake. Else 
 there would be no oracular response. The priestess 
 took her seat on the tripod which stood over the 
 celebrated chasm whence arose the vapour of in- 
 spiration.* A learned archaeologist has recently 
 written an able essay to prove that this chasm was 
 a pious fraud, or never existed at all. The myth 
 relates that its existence was revealed by Coretas, 
 a goat herd, who became intoxicated and fell in. 
 In the temple could be seen, between two golden 
 eagles, the sacred Omphalos, Earth's navel, whereon 
 the eagles let fly by Zeus one from the east and 
 the other from the west met and alighted. 
 Near by was a golden statue of Homer, and the iron 
 
 * The vapour story is rejected by the new edition of Smith's 
 Diet, of Antiq. 
 
156 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 chair occupied by Pindar when he sang hymns 
 in honour of the Pythian Apollo. 
 
 The founding of the oracle is described in the 
 Homeric Hymn to the Pythian Apollo and in the 
 prologue of the Eumenides of Aeschylus. 
 
 "Thence^ thou didst come to Crisa, beneath snowy 
 Parnassus to the gorge turned westward. Over it 
 the cliff hangeth beethng, and the deep ravine 
 runneth under. Rugged is the spot and there Lord 
 Phoebus Apollo resolved to build him a lovely 
 temple and thus he spake: * Here I bethink me to 
 build an exceeding beauteous fane, that it may be a 
 place of divination for all mankind. Hither they 
 shall bring me their perfect hecatombs for ever, 
 men who dwell in fertile Peloponnesus, in Europe, 
 and amid the sea-flowed islands, coming to consult 
 my oracle. And to them I fain would declare my 
 unfailing counsel and utter prophecy in my rich 
 shrine.' Thus spake Phoebus Apollo, and laid the 
 foundations. Wide they were and exceeding long, 
 and on them Trophonius and Agamedes, sons of 
 Erginus, dear to the immortal gods, placed a floor 
 of marble. And the countless tribes of men reared 
 the walls of the temple with wrought stones, to be 
 a theme of song for ever. 
 
 " Hard by there flowed a stream of fair waters, 
 and there Apollo slew with his stout bow a serpent 
 of mighty bulk, a savage prodigy which wrought 
 
 * Homer. Hymn to Apollo, 282 ff. 
 
DELPHI 157 
 
 many woes to the men in the land, to them and 
 their hoof-stretching herds. For indeed it was 
 a blood-bedabbled monster. 
 
 " He * who encountered her was led by fatal des- 
 tiny, until the time when Lord Apollo Far- Worker 
 aimed at her his powerful arrow. She then, tortured 
 with grievous pangs, lay greatly gasping and writh- 
 ing on the ground. Awful was the cry she ut- 
 tered, unspeakable. Then she glided hither and 
 thither through the wood till at last she panted 
 forth her life in blood. Then Phoebus Apollo ex- 
 ulted." 
 
 The she-dragon is left to rot ^ in the sun, and this 
 circumstance gives to the place the name of Pytho. 
 Apollo turns his attention to the establishment of 
 the rites of his worship: 
 
 " Then^ Phoebus Apollo considered in his heart 
 what men he should introduce to his holy rites, 
 men who should worship him in rocky Pytho. Now 
 while he pondered, he marked a swift ship upon the 
 wine-faced sea. And therein were many goodly 
 men, Cretans from Minoan Cnossus, men who should 
 offer service to the Lord and declare the divine 
 
 ^ Line 356. 
 
 2 iridea-dai, to rot. 
 
 3 Line38& 
 
158 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 will of Phoebus Apollo of the golden sword, whatso- 
 ever he should utter in oracles from the laurel 
 shrine, forth from the hollow breast of Parnassus. 
 They were saiUng in their black ship, in pursuit of 
 traffic, bound for sandy Pylos and the people of 
 Pylos. Then Phoebus Apollo went forth to meet 
 them, and plunged into the sea in likeness of a 
 dolphin, close to the black ship, and floated there, 
 a monster great and dire; nor could any of the men 
 devise the meaning. Tossing on every side, he 
 lashed the ship's beams, while the mariners crouched 
 in the vessel dumb with terror." 
 
 The dolphin guides the ship by a south wind p^st 
 her destination, in spite of the wish of some of the 
 sailors to land. The ship refuses to obey her helm. 
 At last they reach the mouth of the Gulf, when a 
 west wind springs up, and they are wafted into 
 the Bay of Crisa. 
 
 " And * they came to far-seen vine-clad Crisa, 
 to the harbour. And there Lord Apollo Far- Worker 
 darted away from the ship, like unto the Sun at 
 noon, and from his head flew sparks in showers, 
 and the brightness thereof came to heaven. Then 
 he sped to his shrine and passed on to the famous 
 tripod. There he kindled a blaze, manifesting forth 
 his weapons. And the gleam covered all Crisa. 
 And the wives of the Crissaeans and their fair- 
 girdled daughters raised the cry of holy joy beneath 
 
 1 Line 438 fif. 
 
DELPHI 159 
 
 inspiration of Phoebus. For he put mighty awe in 
 the heart of each one. 
 
 " Thence Uke a dream he leaped to fly again to 
 the ship, in likeness of a stout warrior in the prime 
 of youth, his broad shoulders covered with his 
 flowing locks. Then having uttered winged words, 
 he spake to the sailors: ' Strangers, who are ye, 
 and whence sail ye the path of the waters? Is it in 
 pursuit of traffic, or do ye roam at random, as the 
 pirates do, who rove o'er the salt sea, setting their 
 Uves at stake, and carrying evil to foreigners? 
 Wherefore do ye thus sit stricken in soul, nor dis- 
 embark upon the land, and stow the cordage of 
 your black vessel? ' " 
 
 The captain of the ship asks the god concerning 
 the land to which they have thus been led, whereas 
 with far different intention they had sailed forth 
 " upon the mighty Gulf of the ocean towards Pylos, 
 from Crete whence we claim to have sprung.^' 
 
 " Answering ^ straightway Far- Worker Apollo 
 spake to them: ' Strangers, who used to dwell near 
 tree-clad Cnossus, but who now shall return thither 
 no more, to your lovely city and fair homes and 
 dear wives. Here must ye abide and maintain my 
 rich shrine, revered of all men. For, lo, I am the 
 son of Zeus and I claim to be Apollo. Over the 
 great Gulf of the sea I have guided you hitherto. 
 I have willed you no harm, nay, ye shall here main- 
 
 ^ Line 474. 
 
160 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 tain my rich shrine, exceeding revered of all men. 
 And ye shall know the counsels of the immortals, 
 and by their decree ye shall be honoured all your 
 days for ever and ever.' '' 
 
 " Thus * spake Apollo and verily they hearkened 
 and obeyed him." 
 
 " And ^ they started to go, and at their head went 
 Lord Apollo, son of Zeus. In his hand he held his 
 lyre and lovely was the music he played. His step 
 was high and goodly, and the Cretans followed 
 on to Pytho, dancing and singing glad paeans such 
 as are the paeans of the Cretans, in whose hearts 
 the Muse divine hath planted honey-voiced song. 
 They cUmbed the mountain with unwearied feet, 
 and soon they came to Parnassus and the lovely 
 spot where Apollo was to dwell revered by all man- 
 kind." 
 
 The Hymn ends with a word of warning: 
 
 " If ^ there be faithless word or deed, or outrage 
 such as often mortal men commit, then shall others 
 come to be dictators over you, and beneath their 
 sway ye shall be ruled by compulsion all your days. 
 All has been said Guard well my words in your 
 hearts." 
 
 Here follows the account in the Eumenides of 
 Aeschylus : 
 
 ^ Line 503. ' Line 514. Line 540. 
 
DELPHI 161 
 
 Pythia: ' First ^ in my prayer I reverence of gods 
 
 First-Prophesying Earth; and Themis next, 
 
 Who from her mother in succession held 
 
 This chair of divination, as they tell. 
 
 And third by lot of her consent not force 
 
 Titaness Phoebe, she too child of Earth, 
 
 Held it, and gave it as a natal gift. 
 
 To Phoebus thus the name from Phoebe bides. 
 
 When Phoebus left the Delian lake and reef. 
 
 And beached his ship on Pallas' shores marine. 
 
 He travelled thence to this Parnassus' seat. 
 
 And they conduct him with high reverence 
 
 Hephaestus' sons, road builders and make 
 
 plain 
 The hitherto rough places of the earth. 
 Here greatly did the people honour him. 
 And Delphos, sovereign ruler of this land. 
 And Zeus his soul with skill divine inspired. 
 And seated him fourth prophet on his throne. 
 Thus Loxias is spokesman for his sire. 
 These gods I worship in my opening prayer, 
 Pallas Pronaia ^ likewise holds high place. 
 And next the nymphs I honour of the cave 
 
 * Aeschylus: Eum., 1 ff. 
 
 2 The temple of Pallas Pronaia is the first noted by Pau- 
 sanias as he arrived by the Sacred Way. It has been identified 
 as one of the small ruined temples of the so-called Marmaria. 
 Shortly after the writer's visit to Delphi in 1905, a boulder 
 dislodged from Hyampeia caused serious damage to this 
 group of buildings. 
 
162 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Corycian, dear to birds, resort of gods, 
 Bromios' haunt, nor leave I unrecalled 
 The time the god at head of Bacchant host 
 Wrought doom to Pentheus, hunted Hke a hare. 
 The springs of Pleistos and Poseidon's might 
 And highest Zeus Consummate last I call 
 Then take my seat on the prophetic throne." 
 
 The prominence of the oracle all through Hellenic 
 times is tremendous. And not only the Grecian 
 world, even Asia and Rome held the Pythian 
 utterances in deep reverence. From the first 
 priestess Phemonoe, who issued her prophecies 
 in hexameter verse, through the long centuries 
 of greatness and decline and renascence and at last 
 suppression at the hands of the Christian Emperor 
 Theodosius, we meet at every turn testimony to 
 the influence of the Delphic Oracle. Often the 
 utterances were ambiguous the very name Loxias 
 was fancifully derived from the obUquity (Xo^oViys) 
 of the prophecies, often doubtless they were 
 corrupted for poHtical ends. In spite of all, the 
 respect shown for them even by men Uke Socrates 
 and Cicero is to us astounding. Of the innumerable 
 episodes in the long history of the shrine, we best 
 recall the responses made to Oedipus and Orestes 
 in the tragic cycle, the tale of Croesus, the message 
 concerning the " wooden walls," the vindication of 
 the sanctity of the shrine when the impious Persian 
 
DELPHI 163 
 
 pillagers were overwhelmed by thunder and light- 
 ning and the crushing cUffs; the inspiration which 
 started Socrates upon his truth-seeking career, 
 and finally the maxims of general or special conduct 
 with which Hellenic story is filled. At last, when 
 JuUan the Apostate consulted the oracle with refer- 
 ence to his Persian campaign, came the last mourn- 
 ful answer from the prophetic tripod: " Say to the 
 King that the dwelling place so rich in art is sunk 
 to dust; Phoebus has no longer a roof, and no 
 prophetic laurel, no speaking fountain. Dried is 
 the fair water spring.'' 
 
 The hill slopes above the temple are covered with 
 interesting buildings; but it is beyond the scope 
 of these pages to describe in detail the Cnidian Lesche 
 once adorned by Polygnotus, the ThessaUan votive 
 statues, the fountain of Cassotis: 
 
 " Where ^ from the depths is drawn for the libations 
 Of fair-haired Muses, water pure and holy." 
 
 We must not pause to describe the Theatre and, 
 high above the sacred buildings, the splendid 
 stadium of the Pythian Games. The fine Museum 
 too, with the world-renowned charioteer of bronze, 
 the Lysippic Agias, the Cnidian frieze, the Sphinx 
 of Naxos, and the charming dancing Caryatidae 
 of Siphnos all these belong to the province of the 
 
 * Simonides, 44. 
 
164 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 writer on Art or Archaeology. This is true as well 
 of the ruins of " The Marmaria," almost equalling 
 in beauty those of the Sacred Enclosure itself. 
 
 We returned to our lodgings in time to witness a 
 most glorious sunset over the lower heights of Kiona. 
 A wild wind was blowing, and the scudding clouds 
 were stained sanguine, while the mountain snows 
 were lit with crimson glory fading into pure crystal- 
 line rose colour. The scene at first almost inspired 
 terror; then, for a moment, triumphant exultation; 
 then, as the fierce red light vanished in an instant 
 from the flying clouds, there ensued a moment of 
 awe, and at last the hurrying darkness brought 
 hushed feelings of solemn peace. 
 
CHAPTER X 
 
 PARNASSUS TO THEBES 
 
 The Corycian Grotto is situated high above the 
 town of Delphi about half way to the top of Par- 
 nassus. The first part of the ascent the Kukyj 
 ^KaXa is rough and steep. Anemones and other 
 wild flowers of every colour cover the ground 
 wherever the sun of March has melted the snow. 
 Far above to the eastward we catch sight of the 
 white crown of the holy mountain. 
 
 The way passes through pine groves and over 
 stretches of bare rock, and, after a couple of hours, 
 leads to the mouth of the famous cave. A rock near 
 by bears an inscription which tells us that the 
 grotto was sacred to Pan and the Corycian nymphs. 
 The neighbourhood of the cave was a favourite 
 haunt of Dionysus and his Maenads, and the mysteri- 
 ous lights beheld afar by awestruck peasants were 
 believed to come from torches carried in the mystic 
 revels: 
 
 " The ^ lurid gleam' o'er the two-peaked Rock 
 Where the Bacchic nymphs Corycian tread." 
 
 Soph,: Antig., 1126. 
 
 165 
 
166 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 The Corycian Grotto offered a refuge to the fleeing 
 inhabitants of Delphi when the Persians came, and 
 many centuries later it served as one of the most 
 important strongholds of the chieftains of the War 
 of Independence. 
 
 Our visit to the cave filled the morning of our last 
 day at Delphi, and on the morrow we started early 
 along the Sacred Way. 
 
 From Delphi the road gradually ascends to 
 Arachova. The gorge of the Pleistos was far below 
 us on our right, and over the cUffs of Kirphis, which 
 form its southern wall, we could catch occasional 
 glimpses of the snowy tops of far-off Arcadian 
 mountains beyond the Gulf of Corinth. We could 
 not see the Gulf itself, but its position was marked 
 by the thick banks of clouds which seemed to rise 
 from it, often shutting out the distant mountains. 
 On our left rose the slope of Parnassus, dotted by 
 scanty evergreens. Occasionally we passed a few 
 fruit trees in blossom, and here and there an olive; 
 but the region is mostly barren save for the vines 
 which produce the Arachovan wine. 
 
 Just before reaching the town, a bend in the road 
 gives a last opportunity to look back at Delphi. 
 
 Arachova is no mean town in spite of its isolated 
 position. The inhabitants are of pure Greek stock, 
 and the women are handsome, while the men and 
 boys are splendid. 
 
PARNASSUS TO THEBES 167 
 
 After passing through the town, the road winds 
 down the long pass of Parnassus. We soon came to 
 the end of the well-built modern highway, and from 
 this point travel became increasingly difficult. 
 Clouds had gathered too, and soon rain followed; 
 and we floundered over slippery rocks and through 
 sticky clay, scarcely caring whether there was a path 
 or not. The wild scenery of Zemeno, as this part 
 of the pass is called, was grander and more gloomy 
 for the storm. The clouds came tumbling down the 
 cliffs on either side till they dissolved in fine rain, 
 while the prospect in front was completely cut off. 
 We were glad enough at last to take refuge for an 
 hour in an old Khan built in Turkish times at a point 
 about half way through the pass. 
 
 We were nearing the famous '^x'-^'^ ^Sos, the 
 triple cross roads of which the mention in the 
 Oedipus Tyrannus fills us with shivering awe as 
 they are named again and again. While the guides 
 were preparing lunch, the account of Sophocles was 
 read aloud: 
 
 " Now * Polybus of Corinth was my sire; 
 My mother, Dorian Merope, and I 
 Was held the noblest of the city, till 
 This chance befel me, worthy wonderment, 
 Yet haply not so weighty as I deemed. 
 A fellow at a banquet, flown with wine, 
 Soph.: Oed., 774ff. 
 
168 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Taunts me, as foisted spurious on my sire. 
 
 And I my wrath that day could scarce restrain, 
 
 And on the next, my parents I approached 
 
 And questioned closely they th' affront received 
 
 With deep offence 'gainst him who spake the charge. 
 
 And I on their concern was satisfied; 
 
 But yet this stung me ever, sinking deep. 
 
 Unknown to parents, then, I took my way 
 
 To Pytho, and, unsatisfied in that 
 
 I came for, Phoebus let me go, but dire 
 
 And woful were his other prophecies: 
 
 That I with my own mother should be joined 
 
 And bring to light a stock unbearable. 
 
 And of my father should be murderer. 
 
 And when I heard it, the Corinthian land 
 
 Henceforth I measured by the stars alone, 
 
 And fled to where I never might behold 
 
 The horrors of my oracles fulfilled. 
 
 And, in my flight, I reached this spot whereat 
 
 Thou say est that this monarch met his doom. 
 
 And thou, my wife, shalt have the truth, for 
 
 when 
 Journeying I approached that triple road, 
 There did a herald meet me and a man 
 Mounted on horse-drawn car as thou hast said. 
 And from the road the charioteer essayed 
 By force to drive me, and the elder too. 
 The man who sought to turn me from the path 
 The Charioteer in rage I smote; but when 
 
PARNASSUS TO THEBES 169 
 
 The elder saw me passing by the car, 
 
 Watching his chance, with double whip he struck 
 
 Full on my head nor equal pay received. 
 
 For at a sharp blow from my staff he rolled 
 
 Upon his back from middle of the car. 
 
 I slew them all but if of kin there be 
 
 Betwixt this stranger aught, and Laius' house, 
 
 What man more wretched in the world than I? 
 
 Whom none of strangers nor of citizens 
 
 May take into his house, nor e'en address. 
 
 But all must drive me forth, and none it was 
 
 But only I this curse upon me laid. . . . 
 
 Nay then, nay then, oh holy powers divine, 
 
 Ne'er may I see that day, but from mankind 
 
 May I depart unseen e'er I behold 
 
 Such stain of horror come upon my head! " 
 
 At the Triple Roads we turned northward, and 
 made our way slowly through rough and lonely 
 country. The only living creatures were the occa- 
 sional flocks of goats with herdsmen in rough cloaks 
 looking as wild and shaggy as their charges. After 
 an hour or more of difficult progress, the prospect 
 widened, and far to the northeast appeared the 
 Boeotian Plain. Beyond rose the mountains which 
 guard the ancient Orchomenos, and in the remote 
 distance were the Euboean Heights, visible when the 
 weather is clear. To us, even Helicon near by on our 
 right was veiled in low-lying clouds. Our goal for 
 
170 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 the night was Daulia, a populous town commanding 
 a wide view over the plain. It is ill built, and our 
 quarters proved to be uncomfortable. 
 
 This is the ancient Daulis, the scene of the sad 
 tale of Procne and Philomela. Ovid has told how 
 the sisters were changed, the one into a swallow, 
 the other into a nightingale, while the wicked Tereus 
 became a hoopoe. The lament of the nightingale 
 for the slain Itys or Itylus is famed in poetry ancient 
 and modern. 
 
 A fragment of the Phaethon of Euripides refers 
 to it thus: 
 
 " And ^ on the trees, the nightingale 
 Singeth her tender harmony. 
 Crying in loud lament 
 The woful Itys! Itys!" 
 
 The chorus of Danaides ^ in the SuppHants of 
 Aeschylus compare their hymn of lamentation to 
 that of the nightingale: 
 
 " But if there be at hand 
 Some dweller in the land 
 Bird-tending, he will fancy when he hears 
 Our strain of tears 
 That he is listening to the voice 
 
 1 Eurip.: Frag. Phae., 21-24. 
 
 2 Aeschylus: Suppl., 56-65. 
 
PARNASSUS TO THEBES 171 
 
 Of her^ the wife of Tereus, wise, 
 The nightingale, by kite pursued. 
 
 Who, from her native wood 
 And streams compelled to roam, 
 Mourns for her wonted home 
 In strange lamenting wail. 
 Mingling therewith of her own son the tale, 
 How by her hand he perished murderous deed! 
 A wretched mother's fury was his meed/' 
 
 " But ^ the bird of lamentation 
 
 Suiteth well my soul; 
 Who ever waileth Itys! Itys! 
 Bird of mourning, messenger of Zeus." 
 
 Aristophanes in the Birds seems to ignore the 
 most horrible features of the legend, and represents 
 the hoopoe and the nightingale as reconciled and 
 bound by tender conjugal affection: 
 
 " Come ^ partner of mine, oh cease from thy sleep 
 And free thou the strains of thy holy hymns, 
 Which from mouth divine thou dost pour in lament 
 For thy Itys and mine, the often bewept. 
 And aye as it trilleth in numbers divine 
 
 From thy yellow throat, 
 The echo pure, through the leafy hair 
 
 Soph.: Electra, 146-149. 
 'Aristoph.: Birds, 209-222. 
 
172 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Of the smilax, floateth to throne of Zeus; 
 
 Where golden-haired Phoebus the sound doth hear 
 
 And tuning his lyre with ivory bound, 
 
 To thy elegy answering, leadeth the dance 
 
 Of gods, and together in concord divine, 
 
 From voices immortal ariseth the cry 
 
 Of the Blessed ones' heavenly singing." 
 
 The journey from Daulia to Chaeronea was accom- 
 plished in a down-pour of rain, and the beauty of 
 the scenery was almost wholly missed. Our way 
 lay past the site of the ancient Panopeus, the birth- 
 place of Epeios who built the wooden horse. Quintus 
 Smyrnaeus gives an account of the dream which 
 inspired Epeios to the undertaking, and his lines 
 have much of the beauty of genuine Homeric 
 Poetry: 
 
 " When ^ now the stars were turning their path 
 
 through the glittering heaven. 
 Gleaming on every hand, and man his work had 
 
 forgotten. 
 Then did Athene leave the lofty abode of the 
 
 Blessed, 
 And, to the tender form of a maid in every way 
 
 likened. 
 Came to the ships and the host, and over the head 
 
 of Epeios, 
 
 Q. Smym.: Bk. xii. Lines 104-121. 
 
PARNASSUS TO THEBES 173 
 
 Ares-beloved, she stood in a dream, and quickly 
 
 she bade him 
 Build him a horse of wood, and said that herself in 
 
 the labour 
 With him would toil; to this end herself had sped to 
 
 his bedside, 
 Urging him on to the task. He, hearing the voice 
 
 of the goddess. 
 Laughed in his spirit, and leaped from his couch of 
 
 slumber unheeding. 
 Well he knew 'twas a goddess immortal, nor ever 
 
 his spirit 
 Pondered aught else, but aye he fixed his mind on 
 
 the duty 
 Heaven-enjoined, and skilful the craft invaded his 
 
 spirit. 
 When now Aurora came, to Erebus driving the 
 
 shadows. 
 When too the fierce-eyed gleam of the day pervaded 
 
 the Ether, 
 Then did Epeios the dream divine, as he saw it and 
 
 heard it. 
 Tell in the midst of the Argives, who greatly longed 
 
 for the story 
 They, when they heard the tale, rejoiced with a 
 
 gladness unbounded." 
 
 The western part of Boeotia was once covered 
 with the shallow waters of the Copaic Lake, famous 
 
174 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 in the plays of Aristophanes for its deUcious eels. 
 Much of the lake has been drained within recent 
 years, and a large and fertile tract has been re- 
 claimed for agriculture. To the south stretches 
 the chain of Helicon, the abode of the Muses, and as 
 one advances, the great mass of Parnassus seems 
 to rise higher and higher behind one and to brood 
 over the whole plain. 
 
 Chaeronea was the birthplace of Plutarch, whose 
 stone chair is still shown to the faithful in the village 
 church. Hard by is the small ancient theatre with 
 seats hewn out of the hill of the acropolis. Near 
 the town, there is a common tomb of those Thebans 
 who fell in the struggle against Philip. ^' Now ^ 
 there is no inscription, but a lion is set hard by. 
 And this refers chiefly to the brave spirit of the 
 men. And an inscription is wanting, I think, be- 
 cause no destiny corresponding to their daring 
 attended them." After lying for many years in 
 sorrowful ruin, the great lion has lately been set on a 
 high pedestal, and is visible from far across the 
 plain. The crouching marble Hon which used to 
 crown the mound of Marathon commemorated the 
 first triumph of independent Hellas against a foreign 
 foe. The Lion of Chaeronea is a memorial of the 
 final disaster, when independent Hellas fell beneath 
 the Macedonian. Yet he is not crouching, but 
 proudly sitting with head erect and an expression 
 
 * Pausanias, ix. 40. 5. 
 
PARNASSUS TO THEBES 175 
 
 of mournful sternness. The spirit of Greece was not 
 broken. The news indeed: 
 
 "... of ^ that dishonest victory 
 
 At Chaeronea fatal to liberty, 
 Killed with report that old man eloquent." 
 
 For Isocrates could look back over nearly a 
 century of life to the days when Macedon was re- 
 garded as a semi-barbarous foreign kingdom. And 
 yet the conquerors were not wholly foreigners, and it 
 was but a few years later that Alexander the Great, 
 who won his spurs on the fields of Chaeronea, was 
 to carry the name and fame of Greece to the utter- 
 most parts of the earth. 
 
 Demosthenes, who took part in the battle and 
 shared in the general flight, was chosen to pronounce 
 in the Ceramicus, at Athens, the funeral oration 
 over the Athenians who fell on the field, and whose 
 bodies were given up by Philip for burial in their 
 native soil. The Funeral Oration which appears 
 in the collection of the works of Demosthenes is of 
 doubtful authenticity, though it contains many 
 fine passages: 
 
 " But 2 it results of necessity that when a battle 
 takes place, one side is defeated, the other victori- 
 ous. Now I should not hesitate to say that in my 
 
 * Milton. Sonnet to the Lady Margaret Lay. 
 2 Demos.: Epitaph. 1394, 24, and 1398, 54. 
 
176 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 opinion, those of either side who die in the ranks 
 share not in the defeat, but that both aHke are 
 victorious. For victory is apportioned to the 
 survivors according as Heaven grants; whereas 
 that which each man could contribute to victor}^, 
 every man who has stood his ground has fulfilled. 
 But if as mortal he has met his allotted fate, it is 
 by fortune he has received that which has befallen 
 him, in spirit he has not been worsted by his adver- 
 sary. . . . 
 
 " Now ^ the surviving kindred of these men 
 indeed deserve pity, for they have been bereft 
 of such heroes and disjoined from long and loving 
 companionship; and they see the fortunes of their 
 fatherland desolate, and full of tears and mourning. 
 But, rightly considered, Heaven has granted these 
 men to leave behind them, not for a brief space, but 
 for long and unending time, a glorious memory that 
 grows not old. In the hght of this their sons shall 
 grow up famous, and their parents shall be main- 
 tained in an honoured old age with the renown of 
 these their sons for consolation to their grief." 
 
 At Chaeronea we took the train for Athens. The 
 gray lion at last faded from our sight far across the 
 Boeotian Plain, and the afternoon sun dispersed 
 the clouds on Helicon just before it was too late. 
 Behind us, the great round brow of Parnassus looks 
 forth over the whole valley, and is not lost to sight 
 
 1 Line 1399. 44. 
 
PARNASSUS TO THEBES 177 
 
 till one is nearly at Thebes. The Plain is full of 
 memories both mythical and historical; but the 
 history is of treason and civil strife, and the myths 
 are tales of horror. We rounded the rugged hill 
 where the Sphinx once dwelt and reached Thebes. 
 
 The smiling httle town is different enough now 
 from the stately city of the seven gates and the 
 seven fountains, the scene of the birth and ven- 
 geance of the Bacchic god, of the horrors of the 
 house of Oedipus, and of the treason of the people 
 when the Persians came. The Spring of Dirce can 
 still be seen, and the archaeologists can guess 
 approximately the positions of some of the Seven 
 Gates. But the real Thebes is ours forever in the 
 great dramas of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. 
 
 The Mighty Seven lead on their hosts against the 
 beleaguered city: 
 
 " I ^ cry dread woes and mighty! 
 An host is come upon me. 
 Leaving its camp, it poureth, 
 Yon throng of horse precursor! 
 The dust to heaven rising is my witness, 
 Bearer of tidings true though speechless. 
 
 " And, ever nearer to mine ears, 
 My country's plains, hoof-smitten, 
 Bring the loud shouting. 
 * Aesch.: Seven against Thebes, 78 ff. 
 
178 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 " It flieth, it roareth 
 Like resistless waters 
 Cleaving the mountains. 
 Oh gods, oh goddesses, avert the rushing doom! 
 
 " White-shielded hosts in fair array, 
 Their footsteps guiding in pursuit, 
 Dash o^er the walls with shouting. 
 
 Who shall deliver? 
 Who of gods or goddesses defend? 
 
 Ares, thou guardian of our ancient land, 
 Wilt thou forsake thine own? 
 God of the golden helm, behold, behold thy city 
 Which once thou heldest dear! 
 Gods of our country, city-warding, come, oh, come! 
 
 " Behold the band of virgins 
 Praying deliverance from thraldom. 
 
 For round our city. 
 By breath of Ares driven, 
 Roareth a wave of men with bending crest. 
 But oh thou All-fulfilling Zeus, 
 With all thy power succour 
 That we fall not to our foes! 
 
 " Now round the citadel of Cadmus 
 The Argives circle 
 In awful panoply of war. 
 
PARNASSUS TO THEBES 179 
 
 The bridles, bound upon their horses* jaws 
 Clang slaughter. 
 Seven mighty chiefs, conspicuous *mid the host, 
 With spears against our seven gates 
 Press close, by lot appointed." 
 
 Before the palace gates stands Oedipus, the hero 
 king, now bUnd and fallen while the people wonder: 
 
 " Citizens ^ of Thebes ancestral, yonder Oedipus 
 
 behold! 
 Him who solved the famed enigma and was worthiest 
 
 of men. 
 Who upon the City's fortunes with no eye of envy 
 
 gazed, 
 Lo, in what a wave of sorrow awful he hath now 
 
 been whelmed. 
 Therefore one who is a mortal, to behold yon final 
 
 day 
 Looking, it indeed behoveth none to deem a happy 
 
 man. 
 Ere the goal of Hfe he passeth, having suffered 
 
 naught of pain.'* 
 
 The city was the birthplace of Dionysus. Euripi- 
 des in the Bacchantes tells of the awful vengeance 
 of the God upon the infidel king Pentheus. The 
 
 ^Soph.: Oed.Tyr., 1523. 
 
180 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Choruses of the play are full of beauty. There is 
 a wild, mystic, almost oriental frenzy in the songs 
 of the maenad rout that followed the strange young 
 god to the mad revels on Cithaeron: 
 
 " Oh ^ Thebes, the nurse of Semele, 
 Crown, crown thy head with ivy, 
 Teem, teem, with verdant smilax fair and fruitful, 
 Come join the Bacchic revel 
 With boughs of oak and pine. 
 Your dappled fawn-robes crown 
 With tufts of silvery fleeces. 
 
 " The sportive fennel toss in holy mirth 
 Soon the whole land shall join the dance, 
 When Bromios leadeth forth his band, 
 To the mountain, to the mountain, 
 Where the female rout awaiteth, 
 From loom and distaff far, 
 By Dionysus frenzy goaded. . . . 
 
 " Oh happy he who on the hills, 
 
 After wild running dance, 
 Fainteth to earth, who weareth 
 The holy robe of fawn. 
 And seeketh blood of goats, the joy of flesh raw 
 eaten, 
 
 As he dasheth to the mountains 
 
 * Eurip.: Bacchae. 
 
PARNASSUS TO THEBES 181 
 
 The Phrygian, the Lydian, 
 And Bromios at the head Evoel 
 
 " The ground with milk is flowing, 
 With wine and nectar of the bees. 
 Smoke riseth as of Lydian frankincense, 
 
 The Bacchic god, with ruddy pine fiame 
 
 On thyrsus held aloft, 
 Leapeth with running and with dance 
 Urging his roving bands. 
 Rousing with cry he tosseth 
 To the wind his locks abundant. 
 The while with joyous roar he shouteth 
 Oh Bacchants Go! 
 Oh Bacchants Go! 
 Glory of Tmolus' golden streams, 
 Sing Dionysus 
 With deep-thundering drums. 
 With Evoe celebrate the Evian God! 
 With shouts and Phrygian cries. 
 
 " What time the pipe with joyful noise, 
 The holy pipe, its holy mirth 
 Resoundeth in accord with frantic wanderers 
 To the Mountain, to the Mountain. 
 And joyous as the colt 
 Beside its grazing mother 
 The Bacchant guideth nimble feet in leapings." 
 
182 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 The way led us past Tanagra almost to the Euripus. 
 Far off the Euboean hills were Ughted by the pink 
 of sunset, and darkness overtook us before we 
 pierced the tunnel of Parnes and reached the Attic 
 Plain. 
 
CHAPTER XI 
 
 OLYMPIA 
 
 The visit to Olympia is apt to be the last of one's 
 Grecian sojourn, for Patras, whence the ItaUan 
 steamers sail, is a convenient place at which to spend 
 the night en route. 
 
 After leaving Corinth, the railroad skirts the Gulf 
 for hours through country of a markedly different 
 appearance from that to which one has become 
 accustomed in Northern Greece. Instead of a hard 
 stony soil and exposed wind-swept hills, we were 
 now in a land of smiUng vineyards and currant 
 plantations. Many pretty valleys run inland from 
 the coast, winding their way between the green 
 slopes of sharp-pointed hills of odd volcanic ap- 
 pearance. Villages are numerous and the landward 
 view from the train offers an unending succession of 
 pictures full of charm and interest. On the seaward 
 side the contrast is complete. Across the peaceful 
 Gulf, marches in lordly pomp the solemn procession 
 of the mighty giants, Cithaeron, Helicon, Parnassus, 
 Kiona, and Korax on to the Golden Gate of 
 Rhium and Antirrhium, which recalls not a httle 
 
 183 
 
184 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 the wonderful Western Portal of the American 
 Continent. 
 
 After leaving Corinth, we had a fine view of the 
 ancient temple, with Acrocorinthus rising in the 
 background. We sped through a level tract almost 
 wholly devoted to currant vines. The trade in 
 currants is perhaps the chief source of wealth to 
 Greece at the present day. Sicyon is the first 
 station of importance, and at this point we took 
 leave, for a time, of Hterary and historical asso- 
 ciations, at least such as are connected with the 
 classic days of Grecian story. After Sicyon we 
 entered Achaea, where associations belong chiefly 
 to the days of the decUne and the Roman Conquest. 
 Phormio's naval victory in 429 b. c. took place not 
 far from Naupactus, which was situated on the 
 northern shore of the Gulf near its narrowest point; 
 but to most minds the name in its modern form 
 of Lepanto recalls the far more famous sea fight 
 of A. D. 1570, when Don John of Austria shattered the 
 Turkish fleet.^ Farther on is Missolonghi. Nothing 
 in the anmals of ancient Greece is more glorious than 
 the story of this modern town. The desperate de- 
 fence against the Turks, and the resistance of the 
 inhabitants in spite of the most awful sufferings, 
 
 * The scene of the battle was a long distance to the west- 
 ward of Naupactus. In fact much of the fighting took place 
 actually outside the mouth of the Gulf of Corinth. Cervantes 
 lost an arm in the battle. 
 
OLYMPIA 185 
 
 till the very last extremity, afford one of the most 
 noble examples of heroism recorded in history. 
 Those who criticize the conduct of the Greeks during 
 the struggle for independence and there is much 
 to deplore ought not to forget Missolonghi. 
 Byron died here in 1824, and his heart is buried 
 here. 
 
 The Gulf expands beyond Rhium, and Mount 
 PanaetoUum appears far to the north. Nearer rises 
 Aracynthus, at the feet of which lay the ancient 
 Calydon, dear to lovers of Atalanta swift of foot. 
 ApoUodorus tells the tale of the Calydonian hunt: 
 
 " Of ^ Oeneus,^ Althaea bore a son Meleager who 
 they say was really sprung from Ares. But when 
 he was seven days old, they say that the Fates 
 came and declared that Meleager would die, so soon 
 as the brand burning on the hearth should be burned 
 out. On hearing this. Althaea plucked the brand 
 from the fire, and laid it in a chest. But Meleager, 
 having grown to be a man invulnerable and noble, 
 died in the following wise. Of the year's crops 
 which grew in the land, Oeneus, sacrificing first 
 fruits to all the gods, forgot only Artemis. But the 
 goddess in wrath sent a boar excelling in size and 
 strength, who rendered the country sterile, and 
 destroyed the herds and the men who crossed his 
 path. Against this boar Oeneus summoned the 
 noblest from all Greece, and to him who would slay 
 
 * ApoUodorus, i. 8. 2 fif. ^ King of Aetolia. 
 
186 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 the beast, he promised to give the hide as reward 
 of valour. Now those who gathered to the hunt 
 of the boar were these: . . . and Atalanta, daugh- 
 ter of Schoeneus from Arcadia, and the sons of 
 Thestios. And when they came together, Oeneus 
 feasted them nine days. But on the tenth, when 
 Cepheus and Ancaeus and certain others dechned 
 to go forth to the hunt in company with a woman, 
 Meleager, . . . wishing to win the love of Atalanta, 
 compelled them to go with her to the hunt. Now 
 when they had surrounded the boar, Hyleus and 
 Ancaeus were destroyed by the beast, and Peleus 
 accidentally pierced Eurytion with his javehn. 
 But Atalanta first shot the boar in the back, and 
 Amphiaraus next, in the eye. But Meleager smote 
 him in the flank and slew him, and having received 
 the hide gave it to Atalanta. But the sons of 
 Thestios, deeming it shameful that a woman should 
 win the prize when men were present, took from her 
 the hide, saying that it properly belonged to them 
 on the score of relationship, if Meleager chose not 
 to keep it. Then Meleager in anger slew the sons 
 of Thestios, and gave back the hide to Atalanta. 
 But Althaea, in grief at the death of her brothers, set 
 the brand on fire, and Meleager suddenly perished." 
 A manuscript of BacchyUdes was discovered in 
 Egypt a few years ago, to which we are indebted 
 for the fine poem from which the following descrip- 
 tion of the fate of Meleager is taken. 
 
OLYMPIA 187 
 
 (Heracles in Hades encounters Meleager who tells 
 the tale:) 
 
 " Then ^ him with tears addressing, Meleager: 
 
 " 'Tis hard for men on earth 
 The will of gods aside to turn 
 For Oeneus, smiter of the steed, 
 The wrath of holy white-armed Artemis 
 
 Had else appeased, 
 My sire, by offerings of many goats 
 And dun-backed bulls. 
 But unsubdued her fury 
 The maiden goddess kept, 
 And sped to Calydon's fair fields 
 A boar of prowess wide, in battle shameless. 
 Where he, with deluge- might. 
 The vineyard with his tusks did shear, 
 Slaughter the herds and whosoe'er 
 
 Of mortals came to face him. 
 Right vahantly we heroes of the Greeks 
 In hateful strife withstood him, 
 Six days together, till at last 
 Heaven gave th' AetoHans victory, and we buried 
 Those whom the boar wild-roaring slew, 
 Leaping with violence. 
 
 Thestios' daughter of valiant spirit, 
 111 fated mother mine, 
 * Bacchylides, v. 93 ff . 
 
188 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Contrived my death, woman of dauntless heart, 
 And from the carven chest, 
 The brand with swift doom fraught. 
 With lamentation loud she took and burned. 
 But this when I was born. 
 Destiny spun to be my bound of living. 
 
 And short to me sweet life 
 With failing strength I knew. Alas! 
 Breathing my latest breath I wept. 
 Unhappy, splendid youth forsaking. 
 
 " They say Amphitryon's son. 
 Who ne'er the battle shout had feared. 
 
 Then only dewed his eyelids 
 In pity for the fate of him who suffered; 
 And answering thus he spake: 
 'For mortals best unborn to be 
 Nor e'er behold the splendour of the sun. 
 But naught availeth us to mourn these 
 things.' " ^ 
 
 Travellers to Olympia usually spend the night at 
 Patras and take thence a morning train which 
 reaches Olympia about noon. This journey round 
 the corner of Peloponnesus is an interesting one. 
 Landward we have fine views of Panachaicon and 
 
 ^For the whole story see Swinburne's beautiful poem, 
 Atalanta in Calydon. 
 
OLYMPIA 189 
 
 Erymanthus the haunt of the boar slain by 
 Heracles and seaward are the beautiful Ionian 
 Islands. 
 
 "Dulichion, Same, and woody Zacynthus." ^ 
 
 Dr. Dorpfeld is an able champion of the doctrine 
 that Leucadia, the Promontory of the Lover's Leap, 
 is in reality the Ithaca of Odysseus; although the 
 island now called Ithaca has held the name ever 
 since the period immediately succeeding the time 
 of Homer. The Ithaca of to-day seems to nestle 
 under the protection of its mighty neighbour 
 Cephallenia,^ which rears its snowy crown high out 
 of a sapphire sea. 
 
 " Rough,^ but a good nurse of heroes, I surely at 
 
 least can discover 
 No other land upon earth more sweet than the land 
 
 of one's fathers." 
 
 Olympia is at the confluence of the Cladeos and 
 the Alpheios, the same Alpheios who wooed the 
 unwilUng Arethusa, pursuing her beneath the sea 
 even to distant Sicily where now: 
 
 ^ Homer: Odyssey, ix. 24. 
 
 * Probably the ancient Dulichion. 
 
 ' Homer: Odyssey, ix. 27. 
 
190 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 " Like^ friends once parted 
 
 Grown single-hearted 
 They ply their watery tasks." 
 
 Shelley is more musical than geographically exact 
 when he places Arethusa's couch of snows on the 
 Acroceraunian mountains which are in far off 
 Epiros. 
 
 " And ^ other such tales are related concerning 
 the Alpheios, that he was a huntsman and that he 
 loved Arethusa, and that she also was wont to hunt. 
 And they say that Arethusa, unwilling to wed, 
 passed over to the island near Syracuse, called 
 Ortygia, and there from a woman became a fountain. 
 And that from his passion the change to a river 
 befel Alpheios also. These things belong to the tale 
 of Alpheios with reference to Ortygia. But that 
 he went through the sea and there (i. e. in Ortygia) 
 mingled his waters with the fountain, it is not 
 possible for me to disbeUeve; for I know that the 
 god at Delphi agrees with this, who when dispatch- 
 ing Archias the Corinthian, to the colonization of 
 Syracuse, spoke these words: 
 
 *' Ortygia Ueth an isle in the misty waves of the 
 ocean. 
 Near the Trinacrian shore where gusheth the mouth 
 of Alpheios, 
 
 * Shelley: Arethusa. ' Pausanias, v. 7. 2. 
 
OLYMPIA 191 
 
 Mingling his waters with those of the fair-flowing 
 fount Arethusa/' 
 
 The two rivers of Olympia held a prominent place 
 in the Greek imagination. We find them mentioned 
 frequently in poetry and prose, and their personi- 
 fied forms occupied the corners of the eastern 
 pediment of the great temple of Zeus. 
 
 Perhaps nowhere in Greece can the beauty of early 
 spring be better appreciated than at Olympia. 
 Instead of the bare gray hills and stony plains to 
 which we have become accustomed, green fields 
 spread themselves under a warm sun far along the 
 valley of the Alpheios till they reach the feet of 
 the low hills which divide EHs from Arcadia. The 
 oHve alone gives a sombre tone to a landscape. Here 
 we have cheerful pine groves as well, crowning the 
 surrounding hills, while the plain is dotted with fruit 
 trees in full bloom, looking like patches of snow- 
 white cloud. Showers are frequent at this season, 
 but so are the bursts of warm sunshine SaKpvoev 
 yeXda-aa-ai Hke Andromache of old. Nothing can 
 be more complete than the contrast between Delphi 
 and Olympia. At Delphi the stern " gorge of the 
 mountain " was a fit setting to the dark warnings 
 uttered from the Pythian shrine; while here all is 
 bright for the gay festival and the brilKant days of 
 the Peace. 
 
 The Hill of Cronos to the north of the Altis 
 
192 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 or sacred enclosure of Zeus affords a fine point 
 of view from which to look down over the mass of 
 ruins of temples, treasuries, gymnasia, halls, votive- 
 offerings, and pedestals. Earthquake has made 
 wild havoc of the works of man, and scarcely one 
 stone has been left upon another. Of the many 
 famous statues, nearly all were carried off by rob- 
 bers, imperial and other, and it is to a happy chance 
 that we owe the preservation of the beautiful Hermes 
 of Praxiteles. A landsUde from this Hill of Cronos 
 buried the statue in soft earth a few years before the 
 earthquake which destroyed the temple of Zeus; 
 and there in the Heraeum, within a few feet of the 
 spot where Pausanias saw it nearly two thousand 
 years before, the statue was found by German 
 excavators. Part of the original pedestal remains 
 where Pausanias saw it. 
 
 By far the most stupendous ruin is the temple of 
 Zeus. Nothing remains in place but the pavement. 
 The earthquake tossed the great pillars in every 
 direction, and the mighty drums he scattered 
 east, west, south, and north. 
 
 In the temple sat enthroned the masterpiece of 
 Phidias, the gold and ivory Zeus one of the 
 Wonders of the World. Near by, the faithful could 
 see in the pavement the mark made by the thunder- 
 bolt which the god hurled in token of approval. 
 The inspiration of the statue was drawn, it is sup- 
 posed, from the lines of the Ihad: 
 
OLYMPIA 193 
 
 " Thus ^ spake the son of Cronos and nodded with 
 
 dark gray eyebrows, 
 Then in full strength flowed down the ambrosial 
 
 locks of the monarch, 
 Down from his head immortal; and mighty 
 
 Olympus was shaken." 
 
 One can spend many an interesting hour in wan- 
 dering through the ruins of the Temple, Council hall, 
 Gymnasium, or WrestUng-court, of this wonderful 
 precinct; but it is not within the scope of these 
 pages to give a detailed account of them. Here 
 and there we find some object of special interest 
 such as the basis on which stood figures of the nine 
 Greek warriors who drew lots for the duel with 
 Hector. Nestor stood opposite, shaking the lots 
 in his helmet: " ' Nay,^ but not even those of you 
 who are chieftains of the united Achaeans, do 
 eagerly press forward to meet Hector face to 
 face.' 
 
 " Thus spake the old man chiding, but all nine 
 rose up. First of all Agamemnon, Lord of men, 
 started to his feet. Close upon him sprang up stout 
 Diomed, son of Tydeus. Then, clad in warlike 
 prowess, the Ajax pair; Idomeneus too, and Me- 
 riones, his follower, rival to Enyalius, Slayer-of- 
 men. Next after these rose Eurypylus, Euaemon's 
 splendid son; then Thoas, son of Andraemon and 
 
 1 Homer: Iliad, i. 528. ' Homer: Iliad, vii. 159. 
 
194 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Odysseus the godlike. These all were eager to do 
 battle with glorious Hector. Then in the midst 
 Nestor, the Knight Gerenian, spake again: 
 
 " * Shake now the lot right throughly to see 
 whose portion this shall be. For that man shall 
 bring blessing to the well-greaved Achaeans, aye, 
 and his own soul shall bless, if it be his fortune to 
 survive the foeman's sword and the cruel fray.' 
 Thus spake Nestor, and each warrior marked his lot, 
 and cast it into the helmet of Atrides Agamemnon. 
 Then the people prayed and lifted up their hands to 
 the gods. And thus spake each with eyes fixed on 
 broad heaven: * Oh Father Zeus, grant that the 
 lot fall on A] ax or the son of Tydeus or on golden 
 Mycenae's king himself.' Thus they prayed and 
 Nestor, Knight Gerenian, shook the lots; and out 
 from the helmet leaped the lot of him whom all 
 desired. The lot of Ajax it was, and the herald 
 carried it everywhere throughout the throng, and 
 showed it in order due to each chief of the Achaeans. 
 They recognized it not, and each denied it his. But 
 when the herald, as he carried it throughout the 
 throng, came to him who had marked and cast it in 
 the helmet, to glorious Ajax; then verily the hero 
 held forth his hand, and the herald approached 
 and placed the lot therein. Then Ajax, when he 
 scanned it, knew the mark of the lot, and rejoiced 
 in heart. Then he cast it on the ground at his feet 
 and spake: ' Oh friends, surely the lot is mine, 
 
OLYMPIA 195 
 
 and greatly I rejoice in spirit; for surely I think to 
 conquer godlike Hector/ " 
 
 Below the now empty platform on which were 
 built the Treasure-Houses of the various States 
 which took a prominent part in the games, stood a 
 row of statues of Zeus, known as Zanes, and inter- 
 esting to us from the fact that they were put up at 
 the expense of those who were judged guilty of 
 having violated athletic rules. 
 
 The Stadium seems not to have been provided 
 with marble seats, as was the case at Athens and 
 Delphi. The starting marks have been found and 
 Uttle else. The Hippodrome, where the great chariot 
 races occurred, lay nearer the river, which has long 
 since buried all traces of it under deep deposits of 
 earth. 
 
 The Olympic Games far surpassed in importance 
 the periodic contests which took place at Delphi, 
 the Isthmus, and other parts of Greece. Pindar 
 sings of them: 
 
 " Water ^ is best of things created 
 And gold, as in the night a blazing fire, 
 Shineth all lordly wealth beyond. 
 But if, my heart, thou dost desire 
 
 To sing of contests won, 
 No longer seek for other planet 
 Gleaming by day through ether waste 
 Pindar, 01. i. 1-10. 
 
196 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 With warmth beyond the sun, 
 Nor can I tell of struggle than Olympia's nobler; 
 Whence doth arise the hymn renowned, 
 In poet's heart, 
 The praise of Cronos' son to sound." 
 
 The celebration of the Games was the supreme 
 festival of the Hellenic world, and during the "Holy 
 Month " in which it took place,^ the Echecheiria, 
 or Truce of God, produced for a moment a cessation 
 of the almost perpetual fratricidal strife between the 
 States of Hellas. Events in Greek history were 
 dated by Olympiads, beginning with 776 b. c, when 
 Coroebus was victor. It is curious to consider the 
 parallel existing between ancient and modern highly 
 civilized peoples. Great Britain and the United 
 States and, it is said, Japan, k propos of the great 
 wrestling contests as did Hellas of old, indulge 
 in the most extraordinary outbursts of enthusiasm 
 over victors and victories in athletic sports, pugilism, 
 and horse-racing. In Greece, while the actual prize 
 of victory might be merely a wreath of olive, pine, 
 or laurel, the successful contestant was exalted 
 to the skies. Poems were written in his honour. 
 His native town received him in triumph, and heaped 
 rewards upon him. Nay, the town itself became 
 famous through his deed. The owner of a victorious 
 
 ^ From the 11th to the 16th, i. e. the time of the first full 
 moon after the summer solstice. 
 
OLYMPIA 1^7 
 
 chariot, even the horses who won the race, furnished 
 inspiration to the greatest poets of Greece. 
 
 " White-armed ^ Calliope 
 Here halt thy well wrought car 
 And sing the Son of Cronos, 
 Olympian Zeus, the ruler of the Gods, 
 Alpheios with his stream unwearying, 
 The might of Pelops sing and Pisa.^ 
 Where famous Pherenicus,^ 
 His feet in race victorious, 
 Hath magnified 
 Fair-towered Syracuse; to Hiero bringing 
 The flower of Blessedness." 
 
 Pindar never wearies of describing the sacred 
 precinct of Olympia, and the reward that victory 
 in the games vouchsafes to mortals: 
 
 " Mother* of Contests golden crowned, Olympia, 
 Mistress of Truth, where prophets seek 
 To test by sacrifices burning, 
 Zeus of the gleaming thunderbolt, if he 
 Will grant response concerning 
 Those men whose hearts are fain 
 
 * Bacchylides, v. 176. 
 
 2 The ancient metropolis of Elis near Olympia. 
 
 ' The celebrated race horse of Hiero, tjn'ant of Syracuse 
 
 * 01. viii. 1-14. 
 
198 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Great glory and repose from toil to gain! 
 The boon of piety their prayers obtain. 
 
 " Fair forest-grove of Pisa by Alpheios, 
 These pomps of offered wreaths receive. 
 Great is for evermore his fame, on whom 
 Thy glorious guerdon doth attend. 
 On divers men divers rewards descend; 
 
 And if the heavens bless, 
 Many the paths which lead them to suc- 
 cess." 
 
 The chief treasures of the museum are the Hermes 
 of Praxiteles, the Nik6 of Paeonius, and the Pedi- 
 ment-sculptures and a few Metopes from the temple 
 of Zeus. The Hermes is not very well placed. He 
 carries on his arm the infant Dionysus, who, after 
 his miraculous delivery from the thigh of Zeus, was 
 entrusted to his elder brother to convey to the care 
 of the nymphs. The serious, almost sad face is not 
 what we might have expected from the pictures in 
 literature of a sprightly god, noted for trickery and 
 mischievous pranks. This Hermes does not belong 
 to that morning of the world depicted in the Homeric 
 hymn: 
 
 " Then * she gave birth to a son of shifty and wily 
 devices, 
 * Homer: Hymn Hermes, 13-23. 
 
OLYMPIA 199 
 
 He was a thief, and a looter of cattle, conductor of 
 dreamings, 
 
 Spy of the night, gate-watcher was he, and quickly 
 was destined 
 
 Deeds of famous renown to manifest 'mid the 
 immortals. 
 
 Born at the dawning of light, at midday he played 
 on the lyre, 
 
 Evening beheld him the thief of the herds of Apollo 
 Far-Darter, 
 
 All on the first four days when queenly Maia had 
 borne him. 
 
 Now when he sprang to the light from the womb 
 of his mother immortal, 
 
 No long time did he He in his sacred cradle repos- 
 ing. 
 
 Nay, with a leap he darted in quest of the herds of 
 Apollo, 
 
 Over the threshold, passing the gate of his high- 
 roofed cavern." 
 
 This Hermes belongs to the time when the world 
 had become sophisticated, enlightened, and sad- 
 dened; but he is very beautiful, and of priceless 
 value as being the only original statue ^ in the world 
 which was, we may confidently believe, the work 
 of one of the great sculptors of the great period. 
 
 ^ Omitting statues which were part of architectural orna- 
 ment. 
 
200 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 The sculptures of the Eastern Pediment represent 
 the actors in the famous story of Pelops and Hippo- 
 dameia. The founding of the Olympic festival is at- 
 tributed to Heracles; but the contest of Pelops and 
 Oenomaus is the mythical prototype of the famous 
 races of historic times. 
 
 " The * Greeks say this Myrtilos was son of Hermes, 
 and that he was charioteer to Oenomaus, and when- 
 ever anyone came wooing the daughter of Oeno- 
 maus, Myrtilos with skill urged on the horses of 
 Oenomaus, while the latter, in the race, as he drew 
 up on the suitor, would pierce him with his javelin." 
 
 The story runs that Pelops bribed Myrtilos to pull 
 out the linch-pin of the chariot of Oenomaus. This 
 treachery enabled the victorious Pelops to visit 
 Oenomaus with the punishment that had befallen 
 previous suitors. Thus Hippodameia was won; 
 but when Myrtilos asked for his payment, Pelops 
 hurled him into the sea, known henceforth as 
 some say as the Myrtoan sea. The drowning 
 man uttered a curse upon the family of Pelops, a 
 curse the fatal consequences of which were worked 
 out in succeeding generations:^ 
 
 Electra exclaims: 
 
 " Ah ^ Chariot-Race of Pelops, 
 Laden with sorrow long ago, 
 
 * Pausanias, viii. 14. 10. ' See chapter vii. Mycenae, 
 3 Soph.: Electra, 504-515. 
 
OLYMPIA , 201 
 
 How to our land thou earnest fraught with woe! 
 For since the time when drowned Myrtilos slept, 
 With grievous pains 
 To utter ruin hurled from golden car, 
 Ne'er from this house hath pain, 
 Laden with sorrow gone afar/' 
 
 Pindar tells the story in the First Olympic Ode: 
 
 " But * when at the fair-flowering age, 
 Shadowed his dusky cheek the down. 
 He thought of Hymen proffered. 
 From Pisan father to obtain 
 Hippodameia, her of fair renown. 
 
 " Then, lone in darkness going 
 Beside the hoary sea. 
 He cried aloud on the god heavy thundering, 
 
 God of the trident mighty, he 
 Came close beside his feet and Pelops spake: 
 
 * * If lovely gifts of Cyprian goddess please. 
 Stay, oh Poseidon, Oenomaus' brazen spear, 
 And carrying me on swiftest car to Elis, 
 
 To glory bring me near. 
 For lovers three and ten he slayeth. 
 
 And thus his daughter's nuptials he delayeth.' 
 
 Pindar, 01. i. 67 ff. 
 
202 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Thus spake he nor in vain his prayer. 
 
 The God, him magnifying, 
 Bestowed a chariot of gold, and steeds 
 
 On wing unwearied flying. 
 And low he laid King Genomaus' pride 
 
 And won the virgin bride." 
 
 After gazing at the great calm Apollo, serene 
 amid the uproar of wild Ceptaurs and Lapiths 
 in the Western Pediment, and at the floating form 
 of Nik6; we reluctantly left the museum, and turned 
 our steps to the station. For the journey was nearly 
 ended, and to-morrow was to find us in Corcyra, 
 bound for Italy. 
 
CHAPTER XII 
 
 THE STORY OF NAUSICAA 
 
 From the rains of March and the barren gray of 
 mainland Greece a few hours brought us to sunshine 
 and luxuriant spring. We could well believe that 
 Corcyra was no other than the enchanting Scheria, 
 the Island of the Phaeacians, and a drive through 
 a land of flowers brought us to the very bay where 
 Odysseus landed after long buffeting, as he swam 
 by aid of Leucothea's wimple, and dropped alseep 
 behind a coppice " foredone with sleep and weari- 
 ness." 
 
 And this is the tale of Nausicaa: 
 
 " Then * was Alcinotis king, and with wisdom from 
 
 Heaven was gifted. 
 So to his palace flew the gray-eyed goddess Athene, 
 Seeking a means of return for Odysseus mighty of 
 
 spirit. 
 Into the inlaid chamber she entered, wherein the 
 
 fair maiden 
 
 * Homer: Odyssey, vi. 12 ff. 
 
 203 
 
204 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Slept, in beauty of form resembling the goddesses 
 
 deathless, 
 Fair Nausicaa, child of AlcinoUs, mighty of spirit. 
 Maidens attendant a pair, with beauty bestowed 
 
 by the Graces, 
 Slept at each side of the portal, and shut were the 
 
 doors of the chamber. 
 She, like a breath of the wind, sped close to the couch 
 
 of the maiden. 
 Over her head she stood, and thus with words she 
 
 addressed her: 
 
 * Why, Nausicaa, thus did thy mother bear thee 
 
 neglectful? 
 Lo, uncared for the heaps of gUttering raiment are 
 
 lying! 
 Nigh is thy bridal when thou must be clad in thy 
 
 bravest attire 
 Offering, too, fair robes to those who shall lead thee in 
 
 marriage. 
 'Tis from such things as these among men fair name 
 
 is acquired. 
 Ay, and they gladden the heart of one^s father and 
 
 reverend mother. 
 Come let us hasten to wash them when dawn ap- 
 
 peareth to-morrow. 
 I too will follow to help in the labour, that thus the 
 
 more quickly 
 
THE STORY OF NAUSICAA 205 
 
 Thou mayest speed, not long thou remainest a 
 
 maiden unwedded. 
 Thee already the chieftains of all the Phaeacians are 
 
 wooing, 
 Chieftains throughout the land where thy race also 
 
 belongeth. 
 Come then, entreat thy sire renowned at dayhght 
 
 appearing. 
 Straightway to harness the mules and the wagon, 
 
 that so it may carry 
 Thee and the bundles of clothes, the girdles and 
 
 glittering raiment. 
 Thus it is better by far than on foot to accomplish 
 
 the journey, 
 Since from the city the road is long to the place of 
 
 the washing.' 
 Thus having spoken, the goddess departed, gray- 
 eyed Athene 
 Home to Olympus whereon, they say, is the seat 
 
 of the blessed 
 Ever secure, nor by wind is it shaken, nor ever by 
 
 shower 
 Wetted, nor resteth the snow there, but ether 
 
 exceeding and cloudless 
 Spreadeth abroad, and through all a splendour of 
 
 whiteness pervadeth. 
 Ever and ever therein delight them the blessed 
 
 immortals 
 
206 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Thither departed the Gray-eyed, her counsel be- 
 stowed on the maiden. 
 
 Straightway Aurora came, fair-throned, and wa- 
 kened from slumber 
 
 Fair-robed Nausicaa, she with wonder was filled 
 at the vision. 
 
 Straight through the palace she sped to carry the 
 news to her parents. 
 
 Father and mother beloved; and found them at 
 home in the dwelUng. 
 
 Close by the hearth her mother was sitting 'mid 
 women attendant. 
 
 Spinning the sea-purple wool of the distaff her 
 sire she encountered 
 
 Forth from the door as he issued to join the illustri- 
 ous chieftains. 
 
 Where to the council hall he was called by the 
 haughty Phaeacians. 
 
 Standing close to his side, her father dear she en- 
 treated: 
 
 * Wilt thou not, dearest papa, bid harness the high- 
 seated wagon? 
 
 High, with the well-running wheels, that so I may 
 take the fine raiment 
 
 Down to the river to wash the clothes to my shame 
 lying dirty. 
 
 Nay, 'tis becoming to thee thyself in the midst of 
 the nobles 
 
THE STORY OF NAUSICAA 207 
 
 Councils to hold, thy person in garments spotless 
 
 apparelled. 
 Lo, in thy halls five sons have been born to thee, 
 
 dearly beloved. 
 Two are wedded, but still three others are bachelors 
 
 blooming. 
 These, to go to the dance with garments fresh from 
 
 the washing. 
 Ever are fain, and to me pertaineth the care of the 
 
 matter.' 
 Thus spake the maid, for she shrank to mention by 
 
 name to her father 
 Blossoming marriage; but all he perceived and thus 
 
 he made answer: 
 ' Daughter, I grudge not the mules nor aught thy 
 
 soul can desire. 
 Go, and the servants for thee shall quickly harness 
 
 the wagon 
 High, with the well-running wheels, with a box-seat 
 
 fitted upon it.' 
 Thus he spake, and commanded the servants; 
 
 who quickly obeyed him 
 Forth the wagon they drew well-running, and 
 
 speedily harnessed. 
 Leading the mules to the yoke, and bound them 
 
 under the wagon. 
 Then in a box the mother put food to gladden the 
 
 spirit, 
 
208 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Food of all sorts and dainties, and wine she poured 
 
 in a goatskin. 
 Then did the maid ascend, and took her place on the 
 
 wagon 
 While in a golden flask her mother poured oil of the 
 
 olive, 
 So it might serve for ointment to her and her 
 
 women attendant. 
 Firmly she grasped the whip and the reins all ghtter- 
 
 ing brightly, 
 Flogging the mules till they ran; and great was the 
 
 clatter that followed, 
 Vahantly stretching along as they carried the 
 
 clothes and the maiden, 
 Not her alone, for with her rode other women at- 
 tendant. 
 Now when they came to the stream, the fair-flowing 
 
 stream of the river, 
 Where were the basins old for the washing, and 
 
 water in plenty 
 Gushed forth goodly and fair to cleanse the foulest 
 
 of garments, 
 There when they came, the maids unharnessed the 
 
 mules from the wagon. 
 Loosed them and chased them down to feed by the 
 
 eddying river, 
 Honey-sweet clover wild, and the garments out 
 
 from the wagon 
 
THE STORY OF NAUSICAA 209 
 
 Took in their arms, and o'er them they poured the 
 
 water transparent. 
 Then in basins quickly they trod them in rivalry 
 
 eager. 
 Now when the whole was washed, and cleansed each 
 
 speck of defilement. 
 Carefully laid in a row they spread them along by 
 
 the seashore, 
 Just where the pebbles were washed to the beach 
 
 in greatest abundance. 
 Then did the maidens bathe, and smoothly with oil 
 
 anoint them. 
 Luncheon they took as well beside the banks of the 
 
 river, 
 Waiting until the clothes should dry in the gleam of 
 
 the sunUght. 
 After the meal was enjoyed by attendant maidens 
 
 and mistress. 
 Casting their wimples aside, themselves with a ball 
 
 they diverted, 
 Fair Nausicaa leading the song meanwhile for the 
 
 players. 
 Like as when Artemis, Pourer of arrows, doth go 
 
 o'er the mountain, 
 Down through Taygetus far, or ranging throughout 
 
 Erymanthus, 
 Taking her joy in the chase of the boar and the 
 
 deer swift-flying; 
 
210 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 On her attendant the Nymphs, of the Aegis-Bearer 
 
 the daughters, 
 Nymphs of the woodland sport, and Leto's bosom 
 
 rejoiceth. 
 Over them all she holdeth her head and her beaute- 
 ous forehead, 
 Easily known above all is she, though all are so 
 
 comely. 
 Thus of her maidens she shone the first, the virgin 
 
 unwedded. 
 Now when the time was at hand once more to be 
 
 homeward returning, 
 When she had harnessed the mules, and folded the 
 
 beautiful garments. 
 Then a fresh plan was devised by the gray-eyed 
 
 goddess Athene 
 So that Odysseus might wake, and behold the 
 
 beautiful maiden. 
 Her who would show him the way to the town of the 
 
 hero Phaeacians. 
 Then did the princess throw the ball at a maiden 
 
 attendant. 
 Lo, the attendant she missed, and it fell in the deep- 
 flowing eddies. 
 Loud did the maidens shriek, and godlike Odysseus 
 
 awakened, 
 Sat him upright, and thus in his heart and spirit he 
 
 pondered: 
 
THE STORY OF NAUSICAA 211 
 
 ' Ah me, whither again am I come, to the land of 
 what mortals? 
 
 Can they be doers of outrage, and lawless nor 
 knowers of Justice? 
 
 Or are they kind to strangers, with godlike char- 
 acter gifted? 
 
 Lo, to mine ears there hath come the female crying 
 of maidens. 
 
 Nymphs can they be, who inhabit the lofty tops of 
 the mountains? 
 
 Or peradventure the springs of the rivers and grass- 
 covered meadows? 
 
 Or am I somewhere near to men who are gifted with 
 language? 
 
 Come, let me test them myself, and with mine own 
 eyes behold them! ' 
 
 Thus he spake, and emerged from the coppice, the 
 godUke Odysseus. 
 
 Horrid appeared he before them, disfigured by 
 
 brine of the ocean 
 Hither and thither in panic the maids ran out to 
 
 the headlands. 
 Only Alcinous' daughter remained, for the goddess 
 
 Athene 
 Courage had put in her heart, from her Umbs all 
 
 terror removing. 
 Holding her ground she stood, and he pondered, 
 
 the wily Odysseus 
 
212 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Whether to clasp her knees and entreat the beauti- 
 ful maiden, 
 Or, as he was, at a distance, with honey-sweet words 
 
 to beseech her, 
 So she might show him the road to the city, and offer 
 
 him raiment. 
 While he was pondering thus, it seemed the greater 
 
 advantage 
 Standing aloof at a distance with honey-sweet words 
 
 to entreat her, 
 Lest in her heart she be wroth if he clasped the 
 
 knees of the maiden. 
 Forthwith honey-sweet words in crafty speech he 
 
 addressed her: 
 ' Queen, I embrace thy knees, be thou or goddess or 
 
 mortal. 
 For if a goddess thou art of those who hold the 
 
 broad heaven. 
 Surely to Artemis then, of Zeus most mighty the 
 
 daughter. 
 Closest resembling I deem thee in form and beauty of 
 
 stature. 
 While if of mortals thou art who the face of the earth 
 
 inhabit. 
 Then thrice blessed are they, thy father and rever- 
 end mother. 
 Yea and thrice blessed thy brothers as well; their 
 
 spirit full surely 
 
THE STORY OF NAUSICAA 213 
 
 Ever for thy sweet sake is warmed with pride and 
 with gladness, 
 
 When such a blossoming flower they see as thou 
 treadest the dances. 
 
 Ah, and most blessed in heart that man, all others 
 surpassing, 
 
 He who shall load thee with gifts and home in mar- 
 riage conduct thee. 
 
 Never have I before with mine eyes beheld such a 
 mortal, 
 
 Man nor woman, as thou Awe seizeth me gazing 
 upon thee. 
 
 Thus, fair lady, on thee I look with awe and amaze- 
 ment, 
 Dreading to clasp thy knees. Yet cruel grief is 
 
 upon me. 
 After a score of days I escaped the wine-purple 
 
 ocean. 
 Yesterday, where meantime the waves and tempests 
 
 had tossed me 
 Far from Ogygia's Isle, and Heaven hath driven 
 
 me hither 
 Evils to suffer e^en here no doubt, for surely I think 
 
 not 
 Yet will they cease ere this, the gods will wreak 
 
 many misfortunes. 
 Nay, but oh Queen, take pity, for, after labours 
 
 unnumbered. 
 
214 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 First unto thee have I come, while aught of the 
 
 others I know not, 
 Aught of the men who sway the rule of this people 
 
 and city. 
 Point me the road to the town, and give me a gar- 
 ment to clothe me. 
 If thou didst keep of the robes some wrapping when 
 
 hither thou earnest. 
 Then may the gods to thee grant all thy heart can 
 
 desire. 
 Husband and home, and bestow a goodly spirit 
 
 of concord. 
 Surely than this there is nothing more blessed nor 
 
 more to be prayed for. 
 Namely than when, in spirit agreeing, a wife and a 
 
 husband 
 Dwell in a house together to evil wishers a sorrow, 
 But to their friends a joy and deepest their own 
 
 hearts perceive it.' " 
 
 Nausicaa promises to grant the request of Odys- 
 seus, and tells him who she is. Then she calls to 
 her frightened maidens: 
 
 " Thus spake the princess and called her command 
 
 to her fair-tressed attendants: 
 * Stand, oh, maidens, I pray. Beholding a man 
 
 whither fly ye? 
 
THE STORY OF NAUSICAA 215 
 
 Surely ye do not fancy that he is some evil-wisher? 
 
 Nay, there existeth not that living man nor shall 
 ever, 
 
 Who to the land of Phaeacia shall come hostility 
 bearing. 
 
 Nay, for exceeding dear are we to the blessed im- 
 mortals. 
 
 Far, far away from mankind we dwell in the billowy 
 ocean, 
 
 Uttermost, nor to these shores do foreigners bring 
 us their commerce. 
 
 This is some ill-starred man who hath come in his 
 wanderings hither. 
 
 Him let us kindly entreat, for Zeus hath under pro- 
 tection 
 
 Strangers and beggars all, and a gift is blessed 
 though scanty. 
 
 Wherefore, oh maidens, give both meat and drink 
 to the stranger. 
 
 Bidding him bathe in the stream where rocks from 
 the wind give a shelter.' '' 
 
 Odysseus bathes and dresses, and the goddess 
 endows him with unwonted beauty. 
 
 " Thus the goddess on him poured grace, on his head 
 
 and his shoulders. 
 Then he withdrew to a distance, and sat by the 
 
 shore of the ocean, 
 
216 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Glowing with beauty and grace; and the princess 
 
 gazed in amazement. 
 Straightway therefore she spake in the midst of her 
 
 fair-braided maidens: 
 ' Hear me, ye white-armed maidens, I pray, that 
 
 I something may tell you: 
 Surely ^tis not without will of all gods who dwell on 
 
 Olympus, 
 Yonder stranger hath come to consort with the 
 
 godlike Phaeacians. 
 'Tis but a short space since, I thought him unseemly 
 
 to look on, 
 Now he resembleth the gods who inhabit the wide- 
 spreading heaven. 
 Oh that a man like this might be called my own 
 
 wedded husband, 
 DweUing in this our Isle, and that here to abide 
 
 might please him! 
 Maidens, offer, I pray, both meat and drink to the 
 
 stranger.' 
 Thus Nausicaa spake, and they verily heard and 
 
 obeyed her. 
 Meat to Odysseus and drink they offered, and set 
 
 it beside him. 
 Then did he drink and eat, the much enduring 
 
 Odysseus, 
 Greedily, long had he been untasted of food 
 
 and of drinking. 
 
THE STORY OF NAUSICAA 217 
 
 White-armed Nausicaa now of new devices bethought 
 
 her. 
 Folding the garments she placed them within the 
 
 beautiful wagon, 
 Harnessed the strong-hoofed mules, and up herself 
 
 she ascended. 
 Next she summoned Odysseus, and speaking his 
 
 name she addressed him: 
 ' Rouse thee, stranger, to go to the city that I may 
 
 escort thee 
 Unto the house of my father, the valiant of heart, 
 
 where I tell thee 
 Thou shalt behold the noblest of all the princely 
 
 Phaeacians. 
 See that thou act as I bid, for thou seemest not 
 
 without wisdom. 
 While through the fields we go, and are passing the 
 
 labours of farmers. 
 Meanwhile thou with the maids, behind the mules 
 
 and the wagon. 
 Quickly proceed, and I the while on the road will 
 
 conduct thee. 
 When, however, we come near the town with battle- 
 ments lofty. 
 
 Gossip unseemly I fain would avoid, lest some in 
 
 the future 
 Blame me, for they in our city are hard and haughty 
 
 of temper. 
 
218 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Lest some gossip malicious may say, if he chanceth 
 
 to meet us: 
 "Who is this, goodly and tall, attending Nausicaa 
 
 yonder? 
 Where did she find the stranger? Her husband he 
 
 doubtless is promised. 
 Surely some outcast wretch she hath saved from the 
 
 wreck of his vessel, 
 Some one of men from afar, since none have dwelling 
 
 beside us. 
 Or in response to her prayers, some god, full often 
 
 entreated, 
 Down from heaven hath come, and all her days she 
 
 will keep him. 
 Better no doubt that herself hath sought and found 
 
 her an husband. 
 Coming from far, for those of her own native land 
 
 she contemneth! " 
 Thus will they say, and to me 'twill be a theme of 
 
 reproaching.' " 
 
 She points out a grove not far from the town, 
 where he is to sit and wait: 
 
 " * Sit thou there, and abide for a time, until at the 
 
 city 
 We may arrive, and reach the door of the house of 
 
 my father. 
 
THE STORY OF NAUSICAA 219 
 
 Then when thou thinkest that we have come at last 
 
 to the palace, 
 Come thou too to the town of Phaeacians and see 
 
 thou enquire 
 Where is the house of my father Alcinotis, mighty 
 
 of spirit. 
 Easy to know is the place, and even a child might 
 
 direct thee, 
 Innocent child, for to this the houses of other 
 
 Phaeacians 
 No wise resembling are built, like the house of 
 
 AlcinoUs hero. 
 Now when the court and palace contain thee, see 
 
 that thou quickly 
 Pass through the hall, nor stop till thou come to the 
 
 side of my mother. 
 Her thou shalt find on a seat near the hearth, in the 
 
 gleam of the fire. 
 Spinning the sea-purple wool of the distaff, a marvel 
 
 to gaze on. 
 Leaning against a pillar, and near her her women 
 
 are seated 
 There too my father's throne is placed next that 
 
 of my mother. 
 Seated whereon like a god he quaffeth the wine of 
 
 the banquet. 
 Passing him by, thine arms about the knees of my 
 
 mother 
 
220 IN GREECE WITH THE CLASSICS 
 
 Cast in entreaty, that so the day of thine homeward 
 
 returning 
 Thou mayest speedily see with joy, though from far 
 
 thou art travelled. 
 For if she in her soul be kindly disposed to thy 
 
 praying. 
 Then there is hope for thee to behold thy friends 
 
 and to journey 
 Home to thy well-built house, and to reach the land 
 
 of thy fathers.' 
 Thus she spake, and lashing the mules with the whip 
 
 all glitt'ring. 
 Quickly departed, and left the flowing streams of the 
 
 river. 
 Well did the mules run on and plied with their feet 
 
 in curvings. 
 Bravely she guided the reins that the others might 
 
 follow behind her. 
 Maids and Odysseus on foot, and the lash she laid 
 
 on with discernment." 
 
 Once more only, we catch a glimpse of the prin- 
 cess, who now knows his story: 
 
 " Out ^ from the bath he went to join the ranks of the 
 feasters. 
 
 While Nausicaa fair, from gods her beauty possess- 
 ing, 
 * Homer: Od., viii. 456 ff. 
 
THE STORY OF NAUSICAA 221 
 
 Close to the threshold stood of the strong-built 
 
 banqueting chamber. 
 When she beheld with her eyes, she greatly admired 
 
 Odysseus, 
 And, having called him aloud, with winged words 
 
 she addressed him: 
 ' Farewell, guest, and afar some day in thy father- 
 land dweUing, 
 Think thou of me, for thou owest to me the price of 
 
 thy rescue.' 
 Answering her with words, the crafty Odysseus 
 
 addressed her: 
 ' Oh Nausicaa fair, great-hearted Alcinous daughter. 
 So may Zeus decree, loud-thundering husband of 
 
 Hera, 
 Home that I come, and behold the day of return 
 
 from my roaming, 
 That even there unto thee, as to goddess, my prayers 
 
 I may utter. 
 Ever through all my days, for thou gavest life to 
 
 me, maiden.' " 
 
 The ship sailed westward, and at sunset we bade 
 farewell to Greece, as the pink glow faded on the 
 snows of the Acroceraunian mountains. 
 
 THE END. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Pages 
 
 "Q Ilavbg OaKi^fxara koI 
 TzapauXc^ouaa nhpa 
 fiuxcodsac MaKpdcCf 
 "iva xopouc ozec^oooc noddiv 
 'AypauXou Kopac zpcyovoc 
 azadca x^oepd npb UakXadog 
 vawv, Gopiyyojv 
 dn ' (ubXag laxdc 
 bfivojVf ozav auXiotc 
 aupc^rjc, d) Uav, 
 Tocac odtc kv dvTpocc, 
 "iva TKouad rcg napOkvoc, cb jjisXka, 
 ppkipoc ^oi^q) Ttxavdlg k$(i)pi^v Oocvav 
 dr)pac re (pocvcav ddira, ncKpibv ydpLOJv 
 v^pcv. OUT ' knl mpKcacv ofjze Xb^occ 
 (pduv oiiov eurux'cac /jtsrl/e^y 
 Oebdev xkKva dvaxocg, 
 
 Euripides, Ion, 492-509. 
 
 Page 8 
 
 XO. Xaipsre /oiioer ' kv acacpiatat nXodroo, 
 Xoupsr' dariKbc Xewc, '(Krap rjpevoi Jibe, 
 napdkvou (jy'iXac (jicXoc oco^povouvxeg kv ^P^^^* 
 
 223 
 
224 APPENDIX 
 
 IlaXXadog d ' uno Ttrepolc ovrag d^erai Ttazrjp. 
 
 AS, Xaipere /y/^e^f npoxkpav d' kfxe XP'Q 
 
 ozeix^i^ daMpLouc dnodec^ouoav 
 
 Tzpbg (j)tbc cepbv Tcbvde nponoimojv. 
 
 'ire, Kol o<j)apcov rojvd ' utzo oepLvaJv 
 
 Kara yfjc atj/xevai to pth dzrjpbv 
 
 X(opac Kaxkx^cv, zb dk Kspdakkov 
 
 nkp.ncv noXeojg kni vcktj' 
 
 djielc ^' riyeiade, noXcaoouxoc 
 
 Tzacdec Kpavaou, xdcode fxezoiKocC' 
 
 i7] d ' dyadaJv 
 
 dyadr) dcdvoca noXizacg. 
 
 XO. Xacpsze, x^'^P^'^^ ^' auOic, knavdcnXo'cf^iOy 
 
 Ttdvzeg oc Kazd TtzoXiv, dacptoukc zs Kal ^pozolj 
 
 IlaXXddog nbXcv vkfiovzec' fiezocKcav d' kp-r^v 
 
 euoe^ouvzec ouzc pspifieade oup(f)Opdc P'iou. 
 
 nponounoi 
 
 pdze dbpxp, peydXac (jicXbzcpot 
 
 NuKzbc Ttaidec dnacdtg on ' eiKJ)povt Ttoprcq, 
 
 (U(j)ap~iZ dk, xiijplzat,) 
 
 ydg uTtb K.\jQacv (hyuycototv 
 
 ztp.aig not duGiacocv bnal Tcupcaknzoc 
 
 {Eu(j)aplz dk Ttavdapc,) 
 
 *iXaoc dk Kal u6u(j)povc yq 
 
 ddp ' *lz 2pval, ^bv nopcddnzip 
 
 Xdjanq zpnbpvac KaO ' bdbv 
 
 bXoX6^az vuv knc poXnalc' 
 
 onovdal d ' CGb7tcv kvdqdc 'czojv. 
 
 IlaXXddoc dazdlg Zuc b navbizzac 
 
APPENDIX 225 
 
 ouTCO Molpd re ouyKazk^a, 
 bkoXu^axe vOv knc ptoXnacc. 
 
 Aeschylus, Eumen. 949-972, 986-999. 
 
 J^age 12 
 Tt yap XapcTOJv d-jraTcrjrov 
 ^AvOpcbnocg dndveodev) del ;^a|0^T(7(T^y dp. ' icT)v. 
 
 Theocritus, Id. xvi. 108-109. 
 
 Page 12 
 Ka^io'cojv dddrcov 
 
 Xaxoiaai aire vcuexe KaXXcnojXov Wpav 
 (x) XtTzapdg doibtpot ^aatXetat 
 
 Xdpcxtg ^Opxopevou, naXaijbvojv Mcvudv kncaKonot, 
 kXOt\ knEi eux^pac. obv bppcv yap rd zs Tepnvd koc 
 rd yXuKsa ycyverac ndvra ppoxdlc, 
 c GO(j)bg, i KaXbg, el xcg dyXabg dvfjp. 
 ours yap deoc oepvdv Xaphcov drep 
 Kocpavkococv xopobg ours dacTag' dXXd ndvrcov xapcai 
 tpyojv kv oupavcp, ^puabzo^ov Okpevac itapd 
 Uudiov ^AnbXXojva dpbvouc 
 dkvaov ak^ovTi narpbc ^OXupnioco Tcpdv. 
 (I) noTvc ^ ^AyXcua 
 
 ^eXjjoqwXnk r ' Ed(j)poo6va, decbv Kpar'coTOO 
 7: aide c, endKooc ykveu, SaXca re 
 kpaocpoXne, Iddioa rbvde Kwpov en ' eupevel zuxq. 
 Kou(f>a ^c^ojvxa' Pindar, Ol.xiv. 1-17. 
 
 Page 16 
 h' eXalac 
 npojrov Wec$e nXddov yXauKdc ^AOdva, 
 oupdvcov axe^avov, Xcnapa'io'c re Koapov ^AO-qvacc. 
 
 Euripides, Tro. 798-800. 
 
226 APPENDIX 
 
 Page 25 
 
 dkvaoe N<f)kX(u, 
 
 dpdwjxev (jyavepal dpoaepav (})6acv eMf^xoVf 
 
 naxphg an ' 'QKsavoO ^apoaxkog 
 
 uipTjXojv bpkojv Kopu(j)ac knl 
 
 devdpoKojiouc, *cva 
 
 XT}Xe(j)aveic oKoncac d^opcbpLeda, 
 
 Kapnouc T ' dpdofikvav hpav x^ova, 
 
 Kol Trora/ndjv (^adkcov KeXad-r^pLaxa, 
 
 Kol nbvxov KeXddovta ^apu^popLov 
 
 'dfipia yap acdkpoc dKapiazov aeXayslra^ 
 
 fxapixapkacg h adydec- 
 
 dXX ' dnoaecaapj^vac vk(})og ofx^pcov 
 
 ddavdrac cdkag kncdcbpsOa 
 
 TTjXeaKbnq) biifxaxc yaiav, 
 
 Ttapdkvoc bnppO(j)bpoCy 
 
 IXdiOfxev XiTtapdv x^bva JJaXXadog, eoavdpov ydv 
 
 KkKponoc b([fbpLvai noXu-qparov 
 
 o5 ok^ac dppT}X(ov hpa)v, "cva 
 
 /luarodbKOf SbpLoc 
 
 kv zeXsralc dycacg dvadecKvuzac, 
 
 wpaviocg re deolc dojpTjfiazay 
 
 vaoc d ' u(l)pB(j>ecc Kac dydXjjiaza, 
 
 Kal npbaodoc fiaKdpcov hpcozazac, 
 
 euazk^avoi ze decjv Ooacac daXcac re, 
 
 navzodana'cc si^ cjpaic, 
 
 ijpi z ' knepxofikvq) Bpopia X^P'Cj 
 
 euKeXddcov ze x^P^"^ epedia/jtaza, 
 
 Kal MoOaa ^apu^pojxoc anXcbv. 
 
 Aristophanes, Clouds, 275-290, 299-313. 
 
APPENDIX 227 
 
 Page 2y 
 
 XO. ed'cnnoOj $h, zdade X^P^C 
 "iKOO xa Kpdxcaxa ydg ^nauXa, 
 x6vd ' dpYTJxa KoXu)vbv, IvO ' 
 d Xiyeca jiivdpexac 
 dapul^ouaa fidXiox ' arjdobv 
 xX(opacc t>7:d ^dacraic, 
 xov olvibna vkfiouaa Kioabv 
 Kal xdv dpaxov deoO 
 (j)uXXdda jiopcoKapnov dvijXeov 
 dvrjvejjLov xe ndvxojv 
 Xecfubvcov *cv^ b paKxcibxag 
 del Acbvuoog kjipaxeuec 
 deiouc d{i(j)cnoX(x)v xcO-qvacc' 
 ddXXec d ' oupavcac biz ' dx^O'C 
 b KaXXi^oxpog Kax ^ J]fiap ojeI 
 vdpKcaaog, neydXacv dedcv 
 dpxcuov axe<f)dv(x}ji\ 8 re 
 Xpuaaufijc KpoKoc' odd ^ dunvot 
 Kpfjvac iicv6douocv 
 Ktj^cooO vofiddec pekdpojv, 
 dXX ' allv kn ' ^fiaxc 
 (OKuxoKoc nedidjv kncvcaoexac 
 dK7)pdxq) $uv bfiPpq) 
 axepvouxou x^ovbc' oudk Mouadv 
 Xopoe vtv dneaxuy"r]aav y odd ' obv 
 d xpfJ<^OL^^oc ^A<f)podcxa, 
 
 Sophocles, Oed. Col. 668-693. 
 
228 APPENDIX 
 
 Page 28 
 
 Inel d ' dcJHK-co xbv KarappdKrrjV bddv 
 XaXKolc ^ddpocac yfjOev kppcl^ajfikvov, 
 
 KOcXou nkXac Kpaxfjpog, o5 rd Ilecpcdou 
 Orjakojc re Kecxa'c Tt'coz^ del ^u-udTj/iara' 
 d(j) ' 00 fikoov ordc rou ze SopcKcou nerpou 
 KocXrjc T ' d^epdou Kdnb Acuvou rd^ou, 
 Kadk^er', e^T ' eXuae duTtoncve'ic oroXdc' 
 KaTzecz' duoac naidag -qvchyec puxcbv 
 uddzojv eveyKe'iv Xooxpd koc x^^^C T^oOev, 
 TO) d ' euxXoou Jr)iJ.T)Tpoc ecg e7t6(pOv 
 ndyov fxoXouaa rdad ' encaroXdc naxpl 
 xax^l 'Tzbpeoaav $uv xpo^^, Xourpoic rk vcv 
 eodfjTC t' e^TjaKTjaav y vo/xc^erai. 
 enel de Ttavzbc e}xe dpiovzog rjdovrjv, 
 KOUK fjv er ' dpybv oudev wv ecpUro, 
 KTUTTTjae p.ev Zeuc x^ovioc, al de napOevoe 
 ^ ppcyqaav, (he r^KOvaav, eg de youvaza 
 Tzazpbc TteooOoac \Xdiov, odd ' dv'ceaav 
 GTepvujv dpayfjLOuc oude nafxii-qKecg yboug, 
 b d' (hg dKouec (jjObyyov e^ac(j)vr)C ncKpbVy 
 Ttru^ac en' ouuxaig x^'^P^^ elnev "Q reKva, 
 ouK eaz * ed ' ujicv zrjd ' ev ij/iepq nazifjp. 
 bXcoXe yap dij ndvra rdfid, KOUKexc 
 T^v dunbvT]Tov e^ez' dfKJ)' ejj.oi rpocprjV 
 GKXrjpdv [lev, dlda, ndcdec, dXX ' ev yap fxbvov 
 zd ndvza Xuet zanz'' 'enog fioxO-qfiaza' 
 zb yap (j)cXe~cv ouk eazcv e$ ozoo nXeov 
 ? zoude z' dvdpbc eoxed \ ou zfjzcopLevac 
 
APPENDIX 229 
 
 TO XocTtbv rjdfj rbv ^cov dcd^ere. 
 roiouz' 71 ' dXXrjXoiaiv dfX(j)CKcnvoc 
 kuydrju eKkaiov ndvrec. (oc ^ Jvpoc rkXoc 
 ybojv d(j)KOVz' odd' 'iz' cbpcopec ^oi), 
 fjv fisv ocwnij, (j^dky-fxa d' $ai(l)vi[)c zcvbc 
 6(ou^ev auzbv, waze ndvzag bpd'cag 
 ozfjoac (j)b^q), duaavzac, k$ciu<j)vr)c zpcxac. 
 KaXe'c yap auzbv noXXd TtokXaxfj Oebc' 
 ''Q ouzoc ouzog, Oldcizouc, zc pkXXoixev 
 Xcopiiv] ndXac d^ t' dnb oou ^paduDSzac, 
 b d' (i>c knfjodez' k Oeou KaXoupLSVOC, 
 audq nohlv ol yfjc dvaKza 6r]oka. 
 Kdrrec TzpOGfjXdev, einev. "Q (jyUov Kdpa, 
 dbc /J-Oi X^-pbg oTJc ncoziv dp^ouai' zekvocc' 
 uptelc ^, 7ca~cdeg, zq)de.' koc KazaUvBOOV 
 /jLrjnoze npodihaecv zdod ' SKcbv, zeXslv d' oa^ otv 
 fikXXjjc (jypovojv u ^ujicfykpovz' auzalc dec, 
 b d', a>c dvTjp yevvalog, ouk okvou pkza 
 Kazrjveaev zdd ' opKiog dpdoecv ^kva>. 
 bncoc dk zauz ' edpaoev, eoObc OldcTtooc; 
 (pauoac dpLaupacc Z^P^^^ ^^ naidcov Xkjet* 
 ^Q Tza'ide, zXdaa /prj zb yevvaiov (f>pvc 
 Xiopelv zbnojv sk zoJvde, firjd * a fir) dk/iic 
 Xwooecv dcKaiouVj /irjdk (j)covouvz(ov kXuuv. 
 dXX ' epned ' (he zdxcoza' ttXtjv b Kupcoc 
 6T}oebc TzapEGzu) fiavOdvojv zd dpwfxeva, 
 Toaauza cpojvrjaavzoc caf)KouaafXV 
 ^ujmavzsc' dazaKzc dk auv zdig napOkvacc 
 Gzkvovzsc (bptapzoufiev* coc d' dn-^Xdojuev, 
 Xpbvo) Ppaxel ozpa^kvzec, k^anecdofxev 
 zbv dvdpa zbv pkv ouda/xou napbvz ' ezc, 
 
230 APPENDIX 
 
 dvaKza d ' anzov djupLdzajv kncoKcov 
 Xe7p ' avrexovra Kparoc ^T decvou tcvoc 
 (l)b^ou (j)avVTOc odd ' dvaax^zoO ^Xknscv, 
 'inecxa p.kvTOc ^acbv oudl abv ;^|06v(y, 
 bpojfjtsv auzbv yfjv re npoaKuvouvd ' afia 
 Koc zbv decbv "^OXoiiTzov kv zaurq) kofii). 
 fJibpq) d ' bTzocq> Keivoc wAst ' ouB ' dv eic 
 6v7)zd)v (j)pdoC, TiXijv zb Sriokojc ndpa. 
 ou ydp zee obzbv ouze Tzup^bpoc deoO 
 Kspawubc k^knpa^ev, ouze novzca 
 OusXXa KiV7)deloa zcp zbz' ev XP^^^y 
 dXX ' 7J zee SK decbv no/mbc ? zb vepzkpcjv 
 efjvouv dcaazdv yfjg dXuTzrjzov ^dOpov. 
 dvTjp yap 00 ozevaKzbc oudk ouv vbaoic 
 dXyeevbc k^enknTiez ' , dXk^ el zee ^pozcbv 
 dauiiaozbg. ee dk firj doKw <j)povd)v Xeyeev, 
 o6k dv 7:apeep.T)v deae fiij doKcb (j>povelv. 
 
 Sophocles, Oed. Col. 1 590-1666. 
 
 Page 33 
 
 XO, 'Epexdeedae zb naXaebv U^eoe, 
 Koe deibv naedec ptaKdpojv, eepdc 
 XiiipoiC dnopdrjzoo z' dnocfyep^bfievoe 
 nXeevozdzav oocfy'eav, del ded Xafmpozdzoo 
 ^aevovzeg d^pibg aeOkpog, evOa nod ' dyvdg 
 kvvea Tleepcdag Mouaac Xeyouae 
 ^avOdv ^ApjJLoveav (f>ozeuaae' 
 
 zoo KaXXevdou z' dnb Kr)(j)eaou ^odc 
 zdv Konpev KXij^ouaev d(j)uaaa{ievav 
 X^^P^^ KazaTiveuaae ^zpeac dve/jtajv 
 
APPENDIX 231 
 
 TjduTTvdouc cujpac dec d' k-Kc^aXXoiikvav 
 XOiTOioev euwdr) podkiov tcXokov dvOkojv 
 zq. oo<f>cq napkdpouc nkfinecv spojzac, 
 navzoiac dpezdc ^uvepyooc, 
 
 Euripides, Medea, 824-S45. 
 
 Page 37 
 
 "OX^iOC ^C^^C ^^(^^ eKBiva KoeXav 
 
 ecocv uTzb ^66va' oldev jikv ^coo [Kfcvog] zeXeozdv, 
 
 oldev dk dcbgdozov dpxdv, 
 
 Pindar, Thren. 8. 
 
 Page 38 
 
 xo, eiT)v Wc , . , 
 
 XajnTzdacv dKzaig, 
 00 nbzvcac osfxvd zcd-qvouvzac zeXtj 
 OvazoiGcv, (Lv Kal xp^f^^o. 
 
 kXuc ^^^} yXcjoaq j^kj^aKs, npoonbXojv EofxoXncddv* 
 Sophocles, Oed. Col. 1044-1052. 
 
 Page 38 
 XO. xajpelzs 
 
 vuv Ipbv dvd kOkXov dedg, dvOocjibpov dv ' dXaoc 
 
 TZOi^ovzec olc ixezooGia OeocjicXoug kopzfjc. 
 AI. kfu) dk GOV zdiGcv Kopacc el/jti koc yuvou^h, 
 
 00 7zavvuxc(l,ouGcv dsq, (peyyoc Ipbv dcaujv, 
 XO. /a>|OdD/fy kc TtoXuppbdouc 
 
 Xei/Jtwvac dvdejjxodeic, 
 
 zbv Tjjikzepov zpbnoVj 
 
 zbv KaXXcxopcbzazov, 
 
 7:di^ovTc, bv oX^cac 
 
 Mdlpac ^uvdyouGcv, 
 
232 APPENDIX 
 
 pibvocc yap rjfuv rjXiOc 
 Koc (pky-jfoc IXapbv koTcVj 
 
 boOC piJJ.Ul^/Jid ' ^5- 
 
 oepTJ re dc7)yojjv 
 zpoKOV Ttepl zouc ^kvoog 
 Kol Tobg cdccorac- 
 
 Aristophanes, Frogs, 440-459. 
 
 XO, "IaKx\ (b TroXuTipLTjz' kv Wpacc hddde voucdv, 
 "laKX ^ (I) ''laKxe, 
 sXdk zbvd ' dva hcpuJjva xope^acov, 
 baloug If Ocaoibzac, 
 TZoXoKapnov pkv zcvdaaojif 
 Ttepl Kpazl oq) ppuovza 
 Gzk(j)avov pupziov' 6 pause d' kjKazaKpo6ojv 
 node zav aKbXaazov 
 ^eXonaeyfiova ze/JtaVy 
 
 Xapezojv nXeeazov 'ixouaav fikpoc, ayvav, kpav 
 baeoec pLuazaec ;^o^^av. 
 
 XO. lyeepe <j)Xoykac Xaimadag kv xspae yap rjKce 
 zevdaaojv, 
 "IaKx\ d) "laKxe, 
 vuKzkpou zeXezrjc <f)(oa<pbpoc daZTjp, 
 <f)Xoyi ^kyyezae dk Xeefubv 
 ybvo ndXXezac yepbvziov 
 dnoaseovzae dk Xunag 
 Xpoveooc z * kzojv naXaecJv kvccujzobg, 
 hpdc bnb zeptdc- 
 ab dk Xap.7tdde ^^kfyojv 
 
APPENDIX 233 
 
 Trpo^ddjjv e^ay ' kn * dvOrjpov ^Xecov ddnsdov 
 XOpOTZOcbVy fidKap, rj^av. 
 
 Aristophanes, Frogs, 324-352. 
 
 I'age 4.0 
 
 At]ilt]tp^ ijUKOfiov, oeiiVTjV Oebv, ap^opt' decdeeVy 
 aDxi]v Tjde duyarpa zavuocpupov, 7)y 'Aidcoveuc 
 TjpTta^ev, dd)Kv dk ^apuKZunoc eupubna Zeuc, 
 vbo(j)cv Ji^iiTjrpoc 7|Oy(7a6/?oi; dyXaondpTtou 
 ncuC^ouoav Koupjjoc obv ^QKeavou ^aduKbXnocCj 
 dvded T ' ahufdvTjv, pbda koc KpbKov rjd ' 'ia KaXa 
 hijjwv ' dp. paXaKov Kal dyaXXcdag rjd ' udKcvdov 
 vdpKCGobv d\ ov (j)uo dbXov KaXoKchncdc Koupj) 
 Faca Jibe ^ouXjjoc ^O'pi^opkvT) IIoXudkKTj), 
 daupaaxbv yavbcovra' ok^ag zb ye ndocv Idkodac 
 ddavdxocg re dedic rjde dvQTOcc dvOpcbnocc- 
 TOO KOi dnb piC,'f}C sKarbv ndpa k^ene^oKec, 
 K(b^' T^dcaz' bdpr}, nag S' oupavbg eupug unepOe 
 yaid ze nda ' kykXaaoe koc dXpupbv oWpa daXdoarjg, 
 i) d ' dpa dap^Tjoaa ' copk^aro x^P^^^ ^j" ' dp^O) 
 KaXbv dduppa Xa^fcV x^ve dk x^^J^^ eupodyoca 
 Nuacov dp Ttediov, zfj opouaev dva^ JloXudkypcov 
 Innocg ddavdxocai, Kpbvou noXuibvopog olbg. 
 dpTzd^ag d ^ deKOuaav knl xP^^^oeoiv oxotatv 
 ^j^ bXo(f)upopLVT)V' IdxTjoe d^ dp'' opOca (f)covjj, 
 KSKXopkvr) naxkpa Kpovidr^v unazov Kal dpcoxov. 
 oudk Tcg ddavdzojv oude Ovqzwv dvd pcbnojv 
 TjKouaev <j)iovfjg, odd' dyXabKapnoc kXalac 
 Si pi) Ilepaaiou duyaTTjp dzaXd cppovkouoa 
 aiev $ dvzpou, ^EKdzr) XcnapoKp-qdepvog , 
 'HkXcbg ze dva^, ^TTtepcovog dyXabg ulbg, 
 
234 APPENDIX 
 
 Ko6p7jc KKXofjLev7)c navkpa KpovcdrjV b de vba(l>cv 
 fjOTO dewv dndveude iioXuXXcaxq) eve vr)c[>, 
 dkyfjuevoc hpa KaXa izapd Qvf]TUJV dvO pwnojv . 
 TTjV d' deKal^oiikvqv ^yev Acbg kvveocjjoc 
 nazpoKaai-jrvrjToc, noXuajj/idvTcop noXodkyiiioVj 
 "imtoig ddavdTocac, Kpbvoo TzoXuihvujxoc ulbg, 
 o<f)pa fisv ouv yaidv zt Koi oupavbv darepbevza 
 XeOoae 6ed koc tzovtov dydppoov i/dubevza, 
 auydc z ' rjcXiOU, eze d ' i^Xnezo fiT}zkpa Kedvrjv 
 b(j}odac KOC <j)uXa deojv ahcyevezdojv , 
 zb(j)pa oi kXnlc edeXye pkyav vbov dx^opivqc Ttep' 
 
 7j/)^cTav d ' bpkojv KopiKJya} Kal ^kvOea nbvzou 
 (fxovfj un^ ddavdzjj, zijc d' skXus Ttbzvca jii^zTjp, 
 b$u dk fxcv Kpaderjv axog 'iXXaj^sv, dp.(l)l dk x<^'^(^C 
 d^^poGcacg Kpi)dep.va dac^ezo xepac (f)iX7)ae, 
 Kudveov dk KdXofifxa Kaz ' dp.(j>ozkpojv ^dXez ' ojfuov, 
 oeuazo d\ cjc "^ ' olojvbc, knl zpaxj)epr}v ze koc bypTjV 
 /jLoeopihT)' zfj d' oi> zee ezTjzufxa fiudrjoaodcu 
 ^^^V ouze OedJv obze dvjjzojv dvO pojncjv ^ 
 ouz ' olojvcbv zee '^fi kzTjzufJLOC dyyeXog JjXOev, 
 hvfjiiap fikv eneeza Kazd x^bva nbzvea Jrjo) 
 Gzp(jt)(j)dz ' cudofxkvag ddzdag pszd ;^/0<72v 'ixouaa 
 oudk Ttoz ' dpLppoaerjc Koe vsKzapoc ijdunbzoeo 
 Ttdaaaz' dKJjxep^vy), oddk xpba ^dXXezo XouzpoeC' 
 dXX ' (5t dij dsKdzT) oe knrjXuds (jxievoXlc ^Hwc, 
 Tjvzezb oe 'EKazTj, okXac ev /s^^oeaa^v 'ixouaa, 
 Koe pd ol dyyeXkouaa enoc (f>dzo (jxovrjakv ze' 
 
 nbzvea A-qix-qzrjp, ojp-q^bpe, dyXabdojpe, 
 zee Oeibv oupavcojv rjk 6v7)zd>v dvdpibnojv 
 Tjpnaoe nepae<j)bvT]v Kal obv (j)eXov r^Kax^ Oofxbv, 
 
APPENDIX 235 
 
 (^(iJVTJC T^P ^f<oua\ drap ouk 'iSov b(j)daXiiocacv 
 he TC S7)v' ool d' (I)Ka Xkyoj vyjixsprka navxa. 
 
 wc ap 'i(j>if) ^EKOLzr)' ttjv d' ouk rjusij^ezo fwdq) 
 *PiT)C "qOKo/ioij duydrTjp, dXX' cbKa auv auzfj 
 ^'i^ ' aWofxhac dcudac ptezd x^p(^^^ 'ixouaa. 
 ^HkXcov d ' 'iKovro, decbv oKonbv rjde Kal dvdpcbVy 
 azdv d' litncov npondpocde Kal ecpero dla dedcov 
 
 ^HkXc \ aWsoooi /JL deav 06 nep, ii noze dr) aeu 
 fj Inec- Tj epyq) Kpadcr]v Kal Oujidv 'irjva' 
 Ko6pf]i> ZTjv 'izsKov, yXuKspov OdXog , ilde'c Kudpi^v, 
 zfjc ddcvr}v OTz^ aKouoa dc^ aldkpog dzpujkzoto 
 a)c "^s Pca^o/xhifjc, dzap ouk 'idov d(j)daX/j.o2av. 
 dXXa ob yap drj ndaav knl yfibva Kal Kazd nbvzov 
 aldepog sk diif)c KazadkpKsac dKzcveaac, 
 VTjpLspzkoJC p-oc evcam <f>iXov zskoc, s'i nou bnojizac 
 5f zee i^ba(j)iv kpslo Xa^wv dsKouaav dvdyKT) 
 oiyzzat rjk decbv 9) Kal dvqzibv dvO pcbnojv . 
 
 *'i2f (j)dzo, ZT]v d^ ^T7tepcovcdr)c rjpsi^szo pudcp* 
 ^PtiTjC TjUKbpou duydzTjp, Jrjprjzep dvaaoa, 
 eldrjaecc' dr) fdp pkya d^opou rjd^ eXeaipoj 
 dxyopkvfjv nepl izacdl zavuo^upcp' oudk zee dXXoc 
 a*izwc dOavdziov, el pr) ve^eXrjyepkza Zeuc, 
 be piv WojK^ ^ ^dji OaXspijv KeKXfjadae olkoczcv 
 ajuzoKaocyvfizcp' b 3^ unb ^b(j)ov Tjspbevza 
 dpTtd^ac ^cnnocacv dyev psydXa Idxouaav. 
 
 ^^ezo d^ kyyuc bdolo ^'cXov zszcfjpkvrj i]Z0p, 
 IJapdsvcq) (f)pkazi, odev udpeuovzo noXlzac, 
 kv OKifj, auzdp uTiepde Tze^uKEi Odpvog kXa'cqg, 
 yprfc TtaXacyevkl kvaXcyKioc, r) ze zokoco 
 eipyjjzai dojpojv zs (j)cXoaze(j)dvou 'Acppodizrjc, 
 
236 APPENDIX 
 
 o^a'i T zpo(f)Oc elac OepLtoTOTtoXajv ^aacX-qajv 
 Tzacdiov Koc rapLcai Kara dco/iara rj^^evra. 
 TTjv dk Wov KeXeolo ^EXeoacvcdao doyaTpec, 
 epXopLSVoi fied' udcop eurjpuzov, b<j)pa (jikpocev 
 KaXncoc ;^aAAC^7^(7^ ^i^a npog dcoptaza nazpoc, 
 rkaoapec, OJC "^s Oeae, Koupijiov dvOoc exouaoUy 
 KaXXid'cKT) KOC KXecacdcKi] Jrj/io) z' epoeaaa 
 KaXXiOoT) d\fj zd)v npoyeveazdzT) rjev dnaocbv' 
 
 "^Qg <j)ad\ 7j d^ enkveuoB. Kaprjazc, zal dk (jioecva 
 nX-qadiisvac udazog (j)kpov dyyea Kudidouoac. 
 pcfKJya ds nazpoc "ckovzo pkyav dbixov, wna dk pLfjTpc 
 evvenov (be sldov ze Kac ekXuov. tj dk p-dX^ wKa 
 kXdouaac BKeXsue KaXeiv kn' dnecpovi pcaOcb. 
 at d &c^ t' Tj 'iXacjyoc 7} nopzcsg e'iapoc ojpjj 
 dXXoi>z' dv Xsipwva KOpsaodpevac ^pkva (jyop^fjy 
 a)c ou kncaxopsvac kavcbv tzzuxolc Ipepokvzojv 
 Tj'c^av KocX-qv Kaz' dpa^czbv, dp^l dk xaczat 
 &potc diooovzo KpoKifccp dvdec bpolac. 
 
 zoO dk Kaaeyvrjzac ^ojvtjv kodKouoav kXecvqv, 
 
 Kod d' dp' dn' euozpwzcov Xexkcov Obpov t) pkv enecza 
 
 Tzacd' dvd x^P^^"^ kXoooa k(p kyKdzdzzo KbXnq), 
 
 7} d' a pa Ttup dvkKac\ fj d' la ouzo nboa' dnaXocac 
 
 pir)zkp' dvaaz-qoouoa Ouchdeoc sk OaXdpoco. 
 
 dypbpsvac dk pcv dp^ic kXousov danacpovza 
 
 dp<f>a'jfa7ta^bpvac' zoo d' ou pecXcaoBzo dupbc' 
 
 X^cpbzspac yap di} pcv exov zpo^oc ijdk zidrjvac. 
 
 Tj d' bxk(i)v knk^rj, napd dk Kpazbg 'Apysc^bvz-qc 
 TjVia Kal pdozcya Xa^wv pzd x^P^^ (f)cXriac 
 
APPENDIX 237 
 
 oeue dcsK fieydpcov x(h d^ ouk aKOvze nezkadifjv, 
 pijKJya dk {xaKpa KkXeoOa dcrjvuaav, oudk OdXaaaa 
 oud^ udwp TTOTa/judv out' aj-Ksa jrocrjevra 
 "cTtnojv dOavdzojv our' aKpcsc laxeOov bpHTjVy 
 dXX' UTzlp ODxdiov ^adbv rjkpa zkfivov lovx^g, 
 arfjae d' dyojv ode fu[xvv kooxk(j)avog JjjpLTjzrjp, 
 vifjolo TtpondpoiOe duwdeoc' rj de edoOaa 
 Tj'c^' TjOze jxacvdg hpog ndza ddoKcov uXj). 
 npa(f>6vT) d' kzkpcodev knel 'edev bnptaza KaXd 
 firjzpdc eijc, Kaz' dp' rj y' bxea npoXenouoa Kaltnnooc 
 dXzo Okiv, decpfj dk ol e/meaev dfKpix^Ouaa' 
 zfj dl (l)iXr)v ezc nalda kfjc pj^xd x^P<^^^ ^X^^^D 
 a}([>a dbXov Oupbc xiv' bcaazo, zpkaae d' dp' aivcoc 
 Tzauuofikvf) <f)cXbzr}ZOC, dcjyap d' kpsehezo pudco* 
 
 TkKvov, p-q pd zc pot ou ye ndoaao, vkpdsv kobaa, 
 Ppcbpjjc ; e^atjda, pij Keud\ Iva eWopev dp(p(o' 
 a)C P^v T^p /f' dvcooaa napd azuyepoO 'Aedao 
 Kol nap' kpol Koc nazpc KsXacvecj^k'c Kpovcojvc 
 vouezdoiCf Tzdvzeaae zezcpkvi} dOavdzocacv 
 el d' kndaoj, ndXcv oLzcc eoua' unb KeuOsae yoz-qc 
 oUiijaeec (i>poi>v zpczazov pkpoc iC kvcoutjzbvj 
 zdg dl duco nap' kpoc ze Kac dXXocc dOavdzococv. 
 b-KTibze d' dvOsac yaV eocbdeacv dapcvoloe 
 navzodano'tc ddXXsi, zbz' and (^b(f)0i> ijepbevzoc 
 a5zc dvec pkya Oaupa Oeolc dvqzo'cg z' dvOpchnocg. 
 
 a}(lfa de Kapnbv dvfJKev dpoupdcov kpc^d)Xo)v, 
 ndaa dl (j>6XXoiaiv ze Kac dvdeaiv eupela ;|f^^y 
 e^pca'' f) dl Kcouoa depcozonbXocg ^aacXeuac 
 dei^e, TpcnzoXkpcp ze JconXe} ze nXfj^ennq), 
 EupbXnou ze ^cri KeXecp 6' rjyrjzopi Xawv, 
 
238 APPENDIX 
 
 dprjo/ioauvrjv d' hpojv koc 7:(j)padV bpjia izdac, 
 TpcnroXkfjLq) re UoXo^eivq) z' , km xoiig de AcoKkel, 
 aejJLvd, rd t' ou tzwc 'ion nape^cpjev obre nodkodac, 
 out' d^ksiV fxeya ydp n decLv ok^ag caxdvec oudTjv. 
 oX^coc og zdd' bnojTrev kncxdov'ccjv dvO pcbnajv 
 Of d' dzeX-fjc kpd/v, of t' dpL/JLopoc, ou Tied' biiocwv 
 aloav exec (jiOcpjevbc nep unb C,b^(ij eupihevxc. 
 
 Homer, Hymn Dem. 1-482. 
 
 napd KaXXcxbpococ nayaig 
 Xa/XTtdda Oeujpbv ecKddojv 
 bipexcu kvvuxioc dunvog a)v, 
 hxe Kal Jibe doxepajizbg 
 dvexbpeuaev aWrjp, 
 Xopeuec de 2^eXdva 
 Kal TcevrrjKovra Kopac 
 Nrjpeog, al Kara nbvrov 
 devdojv re norajaajv 
 divac Xf^P^^optevac, 
 rdv xp^oo(jTk(j)avov Kopav 
 Kal iiaxepa aepLvdv 
 
 Euripides, Ion, 1075-1086. 
 
 kyci) dl 8(1)0(0 rrjv e/jirjv Tza'tda Kzavelv. 
 XoyiC^ofxac de noXXd' 7tp(J)Ta p.ev nbXcv 
 ouK dv Tiv' dXXfjV xfiade peXrcoj Xd^elv 
 rj Tcpojza plv Xe(ji)C ouk enaKzbg aXXodev, 
 auzbxOovec d' e<^upv' al d' dXXac nbXecg 
 
APPENDIX 239 
 
 neoaojv bpLOiWc dca^opalc sKZiOfj^vac 
 dXXai nap' dXXojv elalv elGa-fcbycfioc. 
 bouc ^' dn' aXXfjc nbXeoc oUi^ei nbXcv, 
 dpfidc novqpbc &07T:ep kv ^uXo) Trayslc, 
 Xbyq> TZoXcTTjc sou, role ^' Ipyocacv ou. 
 eneiza zsKva zoOd' enazi z'cKzofiev, 
 (he decbv ze ^coptouc nazplda ze powfieda. 
 
 d d' fjv kv diKocg dvzt drjXsicov ozd^oc 
 dparjv, TzbXiv dk noXs/iia Kazeci^ (j>Xb^j 
 ouK dv vcv k^knepLnov eic l^f^XW ^opbc, 
 ddvazov npozap^ouo' ; 
 
 zd fx-qzkpojv dk daKpu' ozav nkfiTZTj zsKvay 
 TzoXXouc edrjXuv' e'ic P-OiZV^ bpficoiikvoog. 
 /jLcad) YuvacKag ouzcvec Tcpo too KaXou 
 ^f}V naidag e'iXovz' r) Tzapjjveaav Kand. 
 Kol firjv Oavbvzec If* ^^ f^^XD TtoXXcbv pkza 
 zupL^ov z Kocvbv 'iXa^ov euKXecdv t' 'caT)v ' 
 zrjjuy dk naidl azk^avoc ?r Af^<? I^ovjj 
 nbXsoJC davouoTj zfjad' unep doOr^aezac. 
 Kal ZTjv ZEKoOoav Kal ok duo 6' bfioonbpa) 
 oa)0 ' zc zouzojv oby) dk^aodac KaXbv ; 
 
 ZT]V OUK ipLTjV o5v TtXijV (j)UOeC dcboO) KbpTjV 
 
 Ouoac npb yaiac. d yap acped-qoezac 
 noXcg, zc naidojv zwv kfKov jakzeozi fioc ; 
 ouKouv dnavza zouv y' iptoi ocoO-qoezac ; 
 dp$ouov dXXoi, ZTjvd' kycb ocooco nbXiv. 
 EKelvo d' ou zb TtXecozov kv Kotvq) jukpoc, 
 OUK od' sKouoTjc zfj c kfifjc (po]^7j ^ dvr]p 
 npoybvojv naXacd Okop.:' bozcc eK^aXeV 
 
240 APPENDIX 
 
 odd' dvr' kXdac XP^^'^^C "^^ Fopybvoc 
 xplacvav bpdrjv azdaav kv noXewg ^ddpocc 
 EufioXnoc oudk Spq^ dvaarki/fsc hcbf 
 aT(j>dvoiai, FlaXXdg d' oudafioO zcfufjaeToe. 
 
 (I) Tcarpic, eWs Ttdvzec dc vacouoc ae 
 ouTOJ (jicXolev d>c kyu)' KOt pqdciog 
 ocKoipzv dv oe Koudev dv ndoxoec naKov. 
 
 Euripides, Frag. 362, 4-55. 
 
 Page 61 
 
 AT . 6eoc TzbXiv aco^ouoi UaXXddoc dedc. 
 
 AT, t' dp' 'AdfjVibv eoz' dnbpOrjToc TzbXcc ] 
 
 AF . dvdpwv yap ovtojv epKoc eoTcv da^aXkc. 
 
 AT. dpXT) dl vwjol ^ufipoXfjC tcc ^v, (f)pdaov* 
 TVC KazTJp^av, Tzbzepov "EXXtjvbc, /xd/ijf , 
 Tj Trace SjWOf nXrjdec Kazauxyjoac vecbv ; 
 
 AF . 9)p$v filv, (b dkoTcocva, too Tzavxbc KaKoO 
 (j>avecc dXdoxiop rj KaKog daipuov noOkv. 
 dvTjp yap ''EXXtjv k$ 'Ad-qva'cwv arparoO 
 kXdihv 'iXe^e nacdl oq) Skp$7j rdds, 
 a)Cf i /JtsXazvTjc vuktoc "c^^toc Kvk^ac, 
 ^'EXXrjvec ou p.evocev, dXXd akX/iaac 
 vawv knevdopbvTsg dXXog dXXooe 
 dpaa/Mp Kpu<paiq) ^coxov kKoojaocaxo. 
 b d' eudbg cog rjKouoev, ou $uvcc dbXov 
 ^'EXXr]vog dvdpbc, odds xbv deoju <f>dbvov, 
 Tcdacv 7tpo(j)(ov7 Tbvd vaodpxocg XbyoV 
 Eur' dv (jyXkyojv dKrlacv tjXcoc x^ova 
 Xrj^r), KV(j)ac dk rl/xevof aWkpoc Xd^jj, 
 zd^ai v(i)v aT~i<j)oc /xiy iv oroixocc Tpcalv^ 
 
APPENDIX 241 
 
 'innXouc (f>uMaaiv Kot izopouc dXcppbdoug' 
 
 aXXag dk kukXco vijaov Acavxog 7iepi$, 
 
 (i)C, ^c fiopov (j)eu^ocad^ "EXX-qve^ naKov 
 
 vanolv Kpixjiocioc dpaapLov eupovrec uva, 
 
 itdocv azpodai Kpaxbg 9jv TzpOKSijievov, 
 
 Tooauz' 'ik^e Kapd' un' eudupLou <j)pvbc 
 
 ou yap TO iskXXov bk decov riniOTaro. 
 
 ol d' ouK aKoajKoc, dXXa necddp^cp <j)pvl 
 
 dfcTzvbv z' ETtopauvovzo, vau^dzrjc t' dvTjp 
 
 rponouzo kwtztjv oKaXjubv dpxj)^ eurjpez/iov, 
 
 knee de (pkyyoc rjkiou Kazk^Oczo 
 
 Kol vb^ knfjc, nag dvrjp kcotttjc dva^ 
 
 kg vauv X(opc, nag 6' onXojv ineazdzrjg. 
 
 zd^cg dk zd^cv napKdXc v(hg fiaKpdg, 
 
 nXkouac 8* d>g %Kaazog r^v zza-jrpLvog: 
 
 Kal ndvvoxoc di) dcdnXoov Kadcozaoav 
 
 vowv dvaKZg ndvza vodzckov Xa)v ' 
 
 Kal w$ ixwpi, Kod fxdX' ^EXXi^vcov azpazbg 
 
 Kpucj)a~iov KnXouv oudapLij KadcGzaxo. 
 
 knc 'f ixkvzoc XUKbnojXog fjpkpa 
 
 ndaav Kazka^B ya'cav U(j)Y'fT)g cSb'cv, 
 
 npcbzov pkv rjxfj KkXadog ^EXXrjvcov ndpa 
 
 fioXnrjdbv 7)U(j)rjfi7)ai>, bpOcov d^ dfxa 
 
 dvzTjXdXa^B vT]oc(I)zcdog nkzpag 
 
 ijXcb ' ^b^og dk ndoc ^ap^dpoig naprjv 
 
 YvwjiTjg dnoa(f)aX7acv ' ou yap cog (fxjyrj 
 
 nacdv^ (f>upLvouv Gp.vbv *'EXXrjVg zbz, 
 
 dXX' ig !J.dxf]v bppju}vzg U(l)6xq) dpdoc. 
 
 odXncf^ d^ duzfj ndvz^ K7v* n<j)XfV' 
 
 eudug dk Kwnrjg poOcddog ^uv[iPoXfj 
 
 enacaav aXp.'qv ^pu/cov e/c KXuap.azogf 
 
242 APPENDIX 
 
 TO de^iov nev npajTOv euraKTOV Kspac 
 Tjye'iTO Koafiq), deurspov d' b Tide aroXoc 
 
 7T$X(OpC, KttC TiapfjV OfiOU kX6CV 
 
 tzoXXtjv ^oijv, ^Q 7ra2dc 'EXXi^vcov, '/re, 
 
 kXudpOUT Ttarpid' , XudpOUX dk 
 
 ndidac, yovdcKag, 6d)v z narpwajv tdr), 
 OrjKac T npoybvojv' vuv unkp ndvTOJV djdjv. 
 KOI {iTjV Tzap^ TjpuJbv npacdog yXcoooTjc pbOog 
 unrivxca^'. KouKh' rjv pjXXcv aKjii^ : 
 uduc dk vaOc ev vffi xO'Xktjptj arbXov 
 *i7touaV. ilp$e d' iptj^oXrjc 'EXXtjvck^ 
 vauc, Kd7:o6patjc ndvca Oocvcoa-qg v(hc 
 Kopuii^^' kn^ dXXrjv d^ dXXoc Wuvv dbpu. 
 rd npcbxa ptkv drj pup.a npacKou arparou 
 dvr'ix^v' d>c dk TtXrjdoc Iv Gtvq) v(ji)v 
 ridpocoT^ dpojyrj d' ourcc dXXrjXoic naprjv^ 
 ODTol d' d(f)' obxcbv kfx^bXocc /a^/coaro/zo^f 
 Tzaiovz' Wpaoov ndvxa Kojnijpr) oxbXov, 
 ^EXXrjViKa'i t vyjc ouk d(j)paop.bvii)c 
 
 KUkXw Ttkpi^ dCVOV' UTCZCOUTO dk 
 
 GKd(j)rj vcbv, ddXaoaa d' oukt' fjv id~cVf 
 vrnjayciov nX-qOouaa koi (l)bvou ^pozcbv. 
 dKTOc dk VKp6jv xopddc t' knXrjduov. 
 4)0'fri d' dKoafUiJC ndaa vavg 7)paozo, 
 oaai'Kp Tjoav ^ap^dpoo aTpax6naxog. 
 
 TOl d' , &GT duVVOOC Tj Tiv' IxduOJV ^bXoV, 
 
 dyacGi Kojnojv dpauGptaGiv t' kpi7tcct)v 
 Inacov, kppdxi^ov olfxajfrj d' bpLoO 
 KcoKU/iaGiv KaT'cx^ 7tXaYcav dXa, 
 
 0)g KX0UVTJC VOKTOC 0/i/i' d^iXro, 
 
APPENDIX 243 
 
 KaKibv dk nXfjOoc, odd' av d deK^ rj/iara 
 GTcxf}TopocT}v, ouK dv sKTrXrjaaipLi aoC 
 e5 yap rod' *hdc, /njdd/i' W^Pfl- j"^<? 
 TtXijdoc Toaourdp^djaov dvO pajncov daveiv. 
 
 Aeschylus, Pers. 349-434- 
 
 Page 70 
 
 doXcx'fiP^'CfJiov Mytvav ndrpav' 
 Ivda Iwrecpa Acbg ^evcou 
 ndpedpoc doKe'crcu Okfxec 
 
 1^0/' dvdpconojv. b re yap noXb nac TtoXXq. pknetj 
 
 bpdq dcaKpcvetv <})pevl fii) napd Kcupbv, 
 
 dognaXkCf redfioc dk tcc ddai>drwv, Kal rdvd' dXcepKea 
 
 lihpav 
 
 Ttavcodanolacv unkaraaB ^kvocc 
 
 Kcova daifioviav 
 
 b d' knavrkXXwv ipbvog 
 
 TOUTO TTpdaacov jir) Kdjuor 
 
 Pindar, Ol. viii. 20-29. 
 
 Page yi 
 
 ^Tieas d* ou Xaphojv Ikclc 
 
 a dcKatbnoXcc dperdcc 
 
 KXBiV(UGV AcaKcddv 
 
 dcyocoa vdaoc' reXkav d' l/e^ 
 
 db^av an' dp^dc- noXXocac fdv yap de'iderai 
 
 viKacjybpOic kv dkOXocc dpkij^acoa Kai doa7c 
 
 uTteprdrouc rjpcoac h fJtdxaic' 
 
 Pindar, Pyth. viii. 21-28. 
 
244 APPENDIX 
 
 Page 71 
 
 TzXaTelac Tzdvrodev Xoj'cocacv evrc npbgodoc 
 
 vdoov euKXka zdvde KoapLslv kne'i ocj^cv AlaKcdac 
 
 lizopov l$oxov auoav dperaf dnodsiKvufisvoi fssydXac' 
 
 TtkxaTac d' knc xe x^ova koc did daXdaaag zrjXodev 
 
 bwfx' adzajv' 
 
 Pindar, Nem. vi. 47-51. 
 
 OoK dvdpcavTonotbc ei/i\ wc^' kXcvuaovxd /x' kpfd^ 
 ^eadac dydX/jtaz' kn^ aurdc ^aOfxcdoc 
 
 earaoT^' dXX^ em izdaag bXKddog ev t' aKdzq), yXoKeV 
 docdd, 
 
 ozelx^ dn^ Acyhac, dcajykXXoco^ oxc 
 
 Adfincovoc ucoc Tludkag eupuadev^c 
 
 vcKT] Ne/xecoic TtayKpaxioiJ GT(j)avoi>, 
 
 ounoj ykvuoc (fxuvojv xkpecvav /lazkp' olvdvOag bmbpaVj 
 
 K de Kpbvou KOC Zrjvbc rjpcoac alxp-OLxag <j)OTudkvzac 
 
 Kol dnb xp^<^^dv Nr]p7)idojv 
 AiaKidac kykpapev fiarpbnoXh re, (j)cXav $kvcov dpoopav 
 zdv ttot' ebavdpbv t koc vauacKXoxdv 
 dkaaavTo nap pojpibv naxkpoc ^EXXavcoo 
 ardvzsc, nhvav r' eic aldkpa x^'^P^C o,pLd 
 'Evdoidoc dpcyvojxsg ucol koc ^la ^ojkoo Kpkovxoc, 
 
 Pindar, Nem. v. 1-12. 
 
 J'^g^ 75 
 vrjobc Tie ^<7t2 Tzpbade laXafiivoc rbniov, 
 Paid, duaopjioc vaualv, rjv 6 cj)iXbxopoc 
 
 IJdv fXpaTUi TtOVTCaC dKTTjC 7ti. 
 
 kvcoLda np.'n:i rouad' , oTtcoc brav vecbv 
 
APPENDIX 245 
 
 <f)6apVTc exOpoc vfjaov kKooj^ocaxo, 
 KTehocev uxscp(OT0V ^EXX-qvojv orpazdv, 
 ^cXoog d' unsKoco^ocev kvaXcojv TtbpaJV 
 Kancoc TO pkXXov lazopajv (be yap dedc 
 vactjv 'idcjKe Kudoc "EXX-qacv iidxrjc, 
 audrjpLspdv <j)pd^avTec suxolXkocc dkfiac 
 ISnXoioc vaujv k^kdpcooKov' d/i(j> dk 
 kukXouvto Ttdaav vfjOOVy &ox^ d/iT^/ave^y 
 hnot zpdnoivzo' noXXd pkv yap Ik x^P^'^ 
 nkrpoiacv qpdoaovro, ro^cKfjc z' dnb 
 dibixcyyog col npooTtizvovzeg ojXXuaav. 
 zkXoc d' k<f)Opfn]dkvzec $ kvbc podoo 
 Tzaiouai, KpeoKonouac duazi^vajv fikXrj, 
 ecoc dndvzcov k^ank^dscpav ^cov. 
 Skp^Tjc d' dv(6fX(o$ev KaKcbv opojv ^dOog' 
 sdpav yap el/e navzoc euayij ozpazoO, 
 u(lfT)Xdv bxdov dyxc neXaycac aXbg' 
 pij^ag dk TtknXoug KdvaKOJKdaac Xcyb, 
 Tte^q) TzapayyecXag d(j)ap azpazeu/iazi, 
 "cTjo^ dKoo/Mp ^bv 4^oyf). zocdvde ooc 
 npbg zfj Tzdpocde ^u{i(j)Opdv izdpa azhecv. 
 
 Aeschylus, Pers. 449-473. 
 
 ^EXX-qvcov Ttpofxaxouvzec ^AO-qvacoc Mapadibve 
 XpOGO<f)bpiji)v Mrjdcov kazbpeoav duvajuv. 
 
 SiMONIDES, 90. 
 
 Page 7 g 
 
 *'Avdpec ^Adr)vaiOi z TlXazacfjC t' kv MapaOcovc 
 Xpuao(j>bp(ov Mrjdojv azbpaav duvafuv. 
 
 Aeschylus, Eleg. i. 
 
246 APPENDIX 
 
 Page 80 
 
 Jifxpuoc kdpLTjdrjpLBv U7z6 nru^i, ofj^a d' ecj)' ijpuv 
 
 kyyuOev Eupcnou drjfxoaiq Ke^o'cac, 
 ouK dd'cKiog' kpar-^v yap dTcajXeoa/xsv vedrjjza 
 
 zpriieiav noXepLou de^djjvo v(j>kX'f}v. 
 
 SiMONIDES, 89. 
 
 Page 82 
 
 AT, Tc dk noefxdvwp eneazi Kdnideano^ei azpazcp ; 
 XO, ouzcvoc doOXoc KkKXf]vzac <j)cozbc, oud^ uktjkooc. 
 AT. Tzwc dv ouv likvocev dvdpag noXeficooc en-qXudac ) 
 XO, a>az Japecou noXuv ze Kal KaXbv (pdslpou ozpazbv, 
 
 Aeschylus, Pers. 243-246. 
 
 Page 87 
 
 d^ca fjkv Tcazpbg, d^ca dUuyeviac zdde ycyv^zac, 
 c dk ok^ecc davdzoug dyaOcbv, jiezexco 00c. 
 
 Euripides, Heracl. 626-627. 
 
 Page Q2 
 
 dXXav del zcv^ h Xbyocc ozuye'ev, 
 (j)OiViav ^KuXXav, dz' kxOpibv unal 
 (j)d)z' dncbXeoev (j>cXov, Kp-qzcKOcc 
 
 Xpuoeodjurjzocaiv opfiocg 
 Ttidiiaaaa, dwpococ Mcvu), 
 
 N'caov ddavdzac zpc^bc 
 
 voa(j)coao' dnpo^ouXcoc 
 
 Ttvkovd' d KOvb(f)pOJV UTZVO)' 
 
 Kcyxdvec dk juv 'EpfiTjc- 
 
 Aeschylus, Choeph. 602-611. 
 
APPENDIX 247 
 
 Page gs 
 
 Tbv dk 'idev KddjJLOU duydzrjp, KaXX'co(f>opoc 'Ivdtj 
 AeuKodkr], rj nplv pkv erjv ^pozoc audrjeaaa, 
 vuv d' dXoc h neXdjeooc dewv e^ lp.no pe Tcpfig, 
 p^ 'Oduafj' kXkrjoev dXibpvov, dXye^ exovxa' 
 alducrj d^ k'cKuca nozfi dveduaero Xipvrjc, 
 }^ d^ kill oxediTjC Kac pcv npoc podov lecne' 
 
 ^'Kdppops, TCTtze roc code Iloaeiddcov evooixOcov 
 (liduaaz' eKTrdyXcoCf on xoi KaKa noXXd (})UTUc ; 
 00 pev drj oe Kara^dcaei, pdXa nsp peveouvcov. 
 dXXd pdX' d)d^ 'ip$ae, doKkcc ^ J^oi ouk dizivoaaeiV 
 iipara tout' drroduc oj^sdifjv dvkpocac <f)kpeadac 
 KdXXcTz' , drdp xecpeooc vko)v kmpa/so vbazoo 
 yacr)g 0ai7jKcov, oQc roc po~ip' kaxlv dXu^ac. 
 T7j dk, rode Kprjdspvov unb arepvoio zdvuaaac 
 dp^po-cov oudk zi zoc naOkcv dkog oud' dnoXkadac^ 
 auzdp btT]V ;|fi^(7<7^y l^of^ecw rjnsipoco, 
 d(f> dnoXuadpevog ^aXkecv elg o'cvona Ttbvzov 
 TzoXXbv dn' rjTtecpou, auzbc d' d7tovba<j)i zpankadou,^^ 
 
 **J2f dpa (pcovi^aaaa Oed Kprjdepvov edojKeVj 
 ODZT) d^ d(ff kc Tzbvzov kduaezo Kopacvovza 
 cuducT) k'cKoca' pkXav dk I Kupa KdXucpev. 
 
 Homer, Odyss. v. 333-353. 
 
 Page g6 
 
 rdXcuv*, cl>c dp^ ijada nkzpoc ? acdapog, (izcg zkKVOJV 
 
 hv *izKC 
 
 dpozov ax)zbxtpt pocpq kzbvscC' 
 pcav dij kXuco pcav z<x)v ndpog 
 yuvacK' kv (j)iXoic X^P^ ^aXelv zkKvoeCj 
 
248 APPENDIX 
 
 ^Ivo) naveioav Ik decbv, hO^ tj Jeoc 
 
 ddjiap Viv k^kTrefKpe dojudxcov aXj). 
 
 TZizvei d' a zdXouv* If dX^av (j)6vq) rsKvcov duaaej^e'c, 
 
 dKTTJc u7zepTcvaoa novzcag nod a, 
 
 duo'cv re nacdoev ouvOavoua^ dnbXXoxae, 
 
 Euripides, Medea, 1 279-1 288. 
 
 Page p7 
 
 'Heplrj Fepdvem, KaKdv XsTzac, ojcpeXev ^laxpov 
 riiXe KOI ec ^Ku6ku)v juaKpov bpdv Tdvdcv, 
 
 lj.r)d nkXag vouecv iKecpwvcKbv didfia daXdaarjc 
 dyka /xouvopkvTjc d/icj)} MoXoupcdda. 
 
 SiMONIDES, 114, 1-4. 
 
 Page g8 
 
 pdXe dij pdXe K-qpuXog e^v 
 be T ' em KUfiaroc dvdog dji' dXKubvBoat ttottjtou 
 vjjXeykc ^rop *ix^^i dXcnbp^upog eiapoc 'dpvcc. 
 
 Alcman, 26. 
 
 Page gg 
 
 *Qc bnbrav x^cfikpiov Kara fxfjva ttcvookt) 
 
 Zeuc dfiaxa zkaaapa Koi dsKa, 
 
 Xaddve/ibv rk p.iv &pav KaXkocacv kncxObvcoe 
 
 Ipdv 7taidoTpb(j)ov nocKcXag 
 
 dXKubvog, 
 
 SiMONIDES, 12. 
 
 Page I 01 
 
 IIou TO Trepi^Xenzov KdXXog ako, Jwpl KbpcvOe ; 
 7C0U oz(j)dvai nupyiov, noo zd ndXac Kzkava ; 
 
APPENDIX 249 
 
 noO VT}ol liaKOLpojv, nou dco/xara ; noO dk dd^apxec 
 Icau<j)cac Xawv d' ac itoze fiupeddec ', 
 
 oudk yap oud^ 'cx^oCy TroXuKapL/xope, oelo XkXecnrcu, 
 Trdvza dk aufijidpc/fac s^kc/yafsv Tzohfxoc' 
 
 pLoOvai dnbpdrjToc NrjpTjidsc, 'QKsavoio 
 KoOpac, aoiv dxkojv fiijivopsv dXKobveg, 
 
 Antipater, Anth. Pal. ix. 151. 
 
 Page 107 
 
 XO. Kal t'cc rod' k^Uocz' dv dyj-kXcjv zdxoc ; 
 KA. "^H^acaxoc, "Idrjc Xafinpov kKnkpLnojv okXag, 
 <l>puKzdc Sk (jypuKTOv deup' dn^ dy^dpoo nopbc 
 ^Tze/meV "ISt) pkv npbg ^Epp.acov Xknag 
 A-qp-voo' fjkyav dk navbv sk vtjoou zpcrov 
 "^Adcpov cCmog Z-qvbg k^edk^azo, 
 OTtspzeXrjc T nbvzov a)az vojzcaac 
 lax^iC Tcopsuzou Xajmddoc npbg rjdov^v m 
 
 TTsdKT) zb xP^<^o(j)}"ykc, &C "^^C T)^iOC, 
 okXac TtapayyeiXaoa MaKcozou aKonacg' 
 b d' o!j zc pkXXojv odd* d(j)paaixbvo)c urcvq) 
 ViKcojJEVoc napfjKv dyykXoo pkpoc 
 Ikolc dk (j)pOKZOu (jxjjc kn* EopcTzoo podc 
 MeaaaTtiOU (j>6Xa^c ar^pacvec ptoXov. 
 ol d' avzeXa/iipav Kal naprjyyeiXav npbaojj 
 ypouac epiK7jc Oio/ibv dfpavzeg nope. 
 oOkvouaa Xaptnac d' oudknoj fiaupoupsvTjy 
 bnepdopoOaa mdiov ^Aawnou, dUrjv 
 (fyaidpdc aeXr)V7)c, npbc Kidoupwvoc Xknac, 
 ^yecpv dXXfjv sKdoxiji^ no/xnou nupbf. 
 
250 APPENDIX 
 
 0ctof dk rrjXkTro/iTrov ouk tji^cuvsto 
 (j)poupa, TtXkov Kacooaa xibv ecprjfikiicov* 
 XifjLVTjv d' uTzep Fopycbncv eoKfjilfsv (pdof. 
 bpoc t' en' AlfcnXayKTOv k^cKvoufievov 
 ojTpuve OsapLov /xij xpo^'^C^odac nupoc' 
 nkptnouoi d' dvdaiovzec d(f)dbvcp pkvec 
 (fyXoyoc pkyav ndjyajva Kot lapiovcKou 
 nopdfjLOO KaxoTZTOv npojv' unep^dXXeiv npoao) 
 (j)Xk}'oooav' sir* eaKTjiffsv, euz ' d(f)iKZO 
 'Apaxvacov alTzoc, daxufthovac oKondc' 
 Kanecz' 'Arpecdojv ecc '^ode aKTjTtrei oxkyoc 
 <f>doc xbd\ OUK anannov 'Idaho nupoc- 
 
 Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 271-302. 
 
 I^a^e 112 
 
 dn' cicac ^EXXddog ^uvoppkvocc 
 
 Ttkv^eca zXrjaiKdpdiOC 
 
 dopLcov SKdazou Ttpknec. 
 noXXd youv Ocyydvec npog ^nap' 
 
 00 c fikv jdp zig 7:ji(pv 
 
 oldeVj dvzl dk cpojzojv 
 redX'f) Ka} onodbg ecc eKdazoo doptouc d(j)CKVcz(U, 
 b ;^|Oi>(7a/io^^of d' "Ap7)c ocoptdzajv, 
 Kol zaXavzou^oc ev fid^J) dopbcy 
 
 nupcodkv If 'IXcou 
 
 <f)cXoiac TtkfiTtec j^apu 
 (pfj-ffia doaddKpuzov, dvz- 
 fjvopoc oTcodou yenc^ojv Xk^-qzac euOkzou, 
 GzkvouGi d' eu Xkyovzec dv- 
 dpa zbv fikv ibg jwcfj^ijr 'Idpcg' 
 
APPENDIX 251 
 
 zdv d ' v (j>ovacc KaXcbg neobvc ' dA- 
 Xorpcac deal YUvacKog' 
 za dk olyd xeg Pau^sr 
 <p6ovepdv d' utt' dXyoc efmec 
 TzpodtKOcc ' At peed ace ' 
 ol d' auToO TZBpl ze'ixoc 
 di^Kac 'IXeddoc ydg 
 e.Jjlxop(j)oc Kaxexouocv e^Opa d' Ixovxag Kpu(pi>, 
 
 Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 418-441. 
 
 J'age lis 
 
 KA, vOv dk fioi, <j)cXov Kapa, 
 
 ^K^aev' dn-^vr)c zfjode, /j.tj x^P'-^^ rcdecc 
 zdv obv 7z6d\ d) ^va$, 'IXeou Tcopdrjzopa, 
 d/ioja}, zc fikXXed', ale kitkozaXzac zkXog 
 nkdov KsXeddou ozpcovvuvac Tzezdofiaacv ; 
 eudifc xevkadio nopcjyopbazpojzoc nbpoCj 
 ec dajfi' deXnzov a)c dv rjyrjzai Ackt). 
 
 AF. fiij yovacKbc kv zpbnoec *^l^ 
 
 dl^puvs, fjLTjdk j^ap^dpou <po)zbc dcK-qv 
 XafxacTzezlc ^bafia Tzpoaxdvjjc efioi' 
 /xTjd' eipLaac ozpdjoaa^ knccjidovov nbpov 
 zcdu. deoug zot zolade zcfiaX^fcv /|0wi;. 
 kv nocKcXocc dk dvrjzbv bvza KdXXeacv 
 paivecv, efiol p.lv oudaficbc dveu (j)b^ou. 
 Xkyo) Kaz' dvdpa, fir} Oebv, ok^ecv kfik. 
 X(oplc nodoipTjazpojv z Kal zcjv TtoiKiXcov 
 KXrjdwv duzfc Kal zb ptrj KaKcoc (f)povlv 
 deou iikycozov dajpov. bX^caae dk xp'f) 
 Piov zeXeozijaavz^ kv eueazdl (piX-fj. 
 
252 APPENDIX 
 
 i ndvTa d' (be Tcpdaaoi/x' dv, eudapaijc T^> 
 
 KA. Kal pLTjv rod' dnl [xf} napa -jtvco/xtjv k/ioe 
 
 AP, yvcofxrjv /ikv 'laOc ptr) dcacfidepouvx^ e/xk, 
 
 KA. 7)u$(o dloic decaac dv wS' Ipdecv rdde. 
 
 AF. eirtsp uc eldwc f rod' k^elnev rkXoc. 
 
 KA. zi d' dv doKEc aoc Upcajioc, ec zdd' Tjvuaev ; 
 
 AF. kv TzocKcXocc dv ndpra [xoc ^fjvac doKse^ 
 
 KA. pL7) vuv zov dvdpwnecov oudeoOjic (/foyov, 
 
 AF. dXX' d doKe'c aoc zoDd', unac zee dp^uXac 
 Xuoc rdxoc, npbdouXov efi^aoiv nodoc, 
 Kal zoladk ji' k/jL^ouvovd' aXoupykoev deojv 
 p.T} zee Tzpbaojdev b/i/iazoc ^dXoc <j)dbvoe* 
 tzoXXt) yap acdojg azpco/iazo<j)dops2v Ttoacv 
 ^decpovza nXouzov dpyupcovrjzouc 6' ucpdc* 
 
 knee d' dKoueev oou KazkozpapLjuac zdde, 
 e}fi* ec do/xojv pJkXadpa 7top(j>6pae nazibv. 
 
 Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 878-930. 
 
 Page IIS 
 
 KA. ^AnoXXcov, ^AnbXXajv 
 dyocdz^ dnbXXojv ijabc* 
 d noi noz* T^yaykc J^ ', Ttpoc nocav azki'Tjv ; 
 
 liCGodeov fjjkv o5v' 7:oXXd ouvcazopa 
 adzo<f>bva KaKa Kal dpzdvac' 
 dvd poo(j)aycov Kal nkdoo pavzijpcov. 
 XO. *ioiKv eupic t) ^^^^ Kovbg dcKTjV 
 eivar fiazedsi d* Jjv dveop-^ae: <f)bvov. 
 KA. d d, 
 
APPENDIX 253 
 
 pLapzupcocoi yap zolad^ kncmidofxac, 
 KXcuo/isva rdde Ppk<j>T} o(f>aYac 
 onrdc re adpKag Ttpac narpbc ^eppojptkvac, 
 XO. ij fi'qv kXsoc oou iiavTCKOv Tzenuofdvoc 
 iflfjsv 7:po(f)rjzac d' oljuvac fiaazeuo/jjei). 
 KA. i(i)f rcbnoCj zc noze firjdezou ; 
 
 zc zode vkov dxoc jJ-kya ; 
 pky^ kv dbfiocot zolade iirjdezai KaKov, 
 d(t)epzov (j)cXocaiv, doacazov dXKa d^ 
 
 Kdc dnoazazel. 
 XO, zouzcov dcdpcg dfxc zwv fiavzeujidzajv' 
 kKelva d' lyvojv ndaa yap nbXcc poq. 
 KA. c(h, zdXoiva, zbde ydp zeXe^c, 
 
 zbv bfiodsjuviov nbacv 
 Xoozpolac ^acdpovaaa iicbg <f)pdaaj zkXoc ] 
 zdxoc ydp zbd' 'iazae. izpozecvec dk yelp K 
 
 X^pbc bpkyfxaza. 
 XO. ouTco) $ov7JKa' vov ydp k$ ouvcyptdzcov 
 knapykiiocoi deo(f)dzocg dpL-qxavd). 
 KA. kk, nanac, Trandi, zi zbde (fxuvezat ; 
 
 fj dUzubv z'c f ''Acdou. 
 dXX' dpKug i) $uvUvoc, ^ ^ovaczca 
 
 (f)bvou. azdacg d' aKbpezoc ykvee 
 KazoXoXu$dz(o du/xazoc Xeuacfiou. 
 XO. Ttocav ^Epcvbv zrjvds dibp.aacv KkXec 
 knopded^ecv ; o3 fie (j)acdp6vec Xbyog. 
 knl dk Kapdcav edpajjs KpoKO^a(l)7jc 
 azaycbv, dze Kocpca nzcjacfxoc 
 $uvav6z piou ddvzoc auyacc- 
 zayela d' dza nkXei. 
 KA. d d, Idob Idou' dmxe zijc pobc 
 
254 APPENDIX 
 
 Tov Toujpov ev nknXocaev 
 fisXayKspq) ka^ouaa jj.r}xav7jiJ.aT 
 
 Tonrec Tccrvec d^ ev kvudpq) zeuxec. 
 doXo^bvou Xk^TjTOC TuxoLV ooi Xkyo). 
 XO. 01) KOfmdoacp.^ dv Oeo^xixajv yviofuov aKpoc 
 elvac KaKq> dk zq) npoaecKaC^co zdde. 
 
 and dk deo(j>dzojv zcg dyadd (j)dzcg 
 ppozocc azkXXezac ; KaKOJv yap deal 
 TcoXuenecg zk^vcu Oeoncipdbv 
 ^Q^ov <j)kpouacv ixadecv. 
 KA. CO), ceo J zaXaivac KaKonozpLOc zuxou' 
 
 zb yap kpbv dpoelc nddog kneyxkag, 
 Ttoi di} pe deupo zrjv zdXacvav riyayeg 
 oudkv Ttoz^ i pij ^uvdavoupkvtjv ; zc yap ; 
 XO. ^pevopavTjc zee ^ d0<f)bprjzoc, dp- 
 <f)l d' auzdc Opoeic 
 vbpov dvopov, old zee ^oudd 
 aKopezoc ^odc, 4>0 zaXaevaec (f^psaev 
 
 "Izuv *'Izuv azkvoua' dpcjiedaXfj KaKoec 
 drjdcbv P'eov, 
 KA. eo), eo), Xeyeeac pbpov drjdbvoc' 
 nepe^aXov ydp oe nzepo^bpov dkpag 
 6ol, yXoKuv z' aecbva KXaupdzcov dzep' 
 kpol dk pepvee oxeopbg dp(j)7)Kee dope. 
 XO. nbdev kneaouzoug deo(j)bpoug 'ix^ec 
 pazaeouc doac, 
 zd d^ STrecj^o^a duocjydzq) KXayyq 
 psXozimelg, bpou z' bpdeoec v vbpoeg ; 
 Tzbdev bpouc 'ix^^C Oeoneoeag bdoO 
 KaKoppTjpovae ; 
 KA. Id) ydpoe, ydpoe Ildpedog, bXkOpeoe 
 
APPENDIX 255 
 
 (ftcXojv CO) ^Kafidvdpoo ndrpcov norbv 
 Tore fxev dn<j)l odg dibvag rdXouv' 
 rjvuzo/jLav Tpo(j>aic' 
 wv d^ d{i<j)l KcoKUTov re Kaxepouacouc 
 bxdouc locKa deoncqjdjjosiv rdxa. 
 XO. Ti rode ropbv dyav enoc ecfy-qfuao) ; 
 veoyvbg dvdpd)7Z(0V /xdOoe. 
 7ze7tXf)Yiicu d' unal di^yiiarc (f>ocvcq>j 
 duaaXj-el ruxq ficvopd Opeo/ikvaCf 
 doDfiar^ e/iol Kkuecv. 
 KA. id) nbvoc, nbvoc nbXeoc oXofikvag 
 rb ndv id) nponupyoc Ouocac narpbc, 
 TzoXuKavelg porcov Tzocovbfxoov. olkoc d' 
 oudev enifjpKeaav 
 rb liTj nbXcv [xev, &Gnep ohv exec, Tzadelv 
 ej-d) de depfxbvouc rdx^ ev nkdq) ^aXd). 
 XO, enbpLeva nporepocg rdd^ e7ze(j)if)jn0(jj 
 Koi rcc oe KaKo^povcov rcdr}- 
 ae dcupuov, onepOev j^apuc ep.7Zirva)Vj 
 fisXc^ecv Tzddf) yoepa 6avaro(j>bpa' 
 rep/jLa d' dfirjxoLvd) . 
 KA. Kal fxrjv b xp^^l^^c ouKer' eK KaXunfidrcov 
 eorac dedopKd)c, veoydjxoo vu/xcfyTjc dcKTjV 
 XapLTTpbc d' eocKev r^Xcoo npbc dvroXac 
 nvkojv ka-q^ecv, wore Kdfiarog dUrjv 
 kX6^cv npbc adyac roOde nTjfiaroc noXb 
 fiel^ov (j)pevd)aa) d^ ouKer^ e$ alvcyiidrcjv, 
 KOi fiaprupelre ouvdpbpLWC *iX'^^C tcaKwv 
 pcvqXarouar) rojv ndXac nen pay (ikvcjv . 
 rT}V yap arkyrjv r-^vd' ouTtor' eKXecnei x^P^C 
 ^6jj.<f>doyyoc, ouk eu^ojvog' ou yap eu Xkyei, 
 
256 APPENDIX 
 
 Kac fiTjv TZETKOKcoc y\ (Of dpaouveodat nXkoVj 
 pporeiov alfia, koj/jloc V do/ioic [J-kvec 
 duansfiTtToc 'i$oj ^oyyovcov 'Epcwojv. 
 upLvouac d^ ufivov dcofiaaiv 7zpoay)}ievay 
 TtpioTapxov drifjv' h pkpec d' dnknxuaav 
 euvac ddeX(l)Ou zq) naxoovxc duoixevug, 
 
 T^pLaprOV, ^ KUpd) Ti TO^OTTjC Tcg coc ) 
 
 fj (peudbnavTcc dp.c dupoKonoc (j)Xkdojv ; 
 Kjj.apTup7jaov TzpoupLooac TO jJLTj eldkvac 
 Xbyq) naXacac rojvd^ d/iapziac db/xajv. 
 
 KA. cob cob, CO cb KaKa. 
 un' ah j decvof opdojuavrscac nbvog 
 oTpo^ec zapdaacov (fypocficocc . . . 
 bpdze zouade zobc dbp-ocg k(f)r)p.kvoug 
 vkouc bvdpojv npoacfyspslc liopcj^ibfiaocv ; 
 Tzdcdec davbvzec (bane pet npbg zcbv (f)cX(OV, 
 X^'cpac KpeoJv nXrjdovzec oUecac ^opdc, 
 $bv kvzkpocc ze anXdyx^^ knocKzcazov yenoCy 
 npenoua^ exovzec, (bv Tzazrjp eyeuaazo. 
 eK zcbvde Tzocvdg <jiT}fJ.c ^ouXeuecv zcva 
 Xkovz' dvaXKcv ev Xkx^c azpco^cbfievov 
 ocKOupbv, dcfioc, Zip [ioXbvzc deanbzjj 
 /jui>' ^epecv yap XPV "^^ douXcov C,uybv. 
 veG)v z' enapxoc 'IXcou z' dvaazdzTjc 
 ouK ocdev oca yXcbaaa {xcarjzrig kuvoc 
 Xe$aaa ndKzecvaaa (j>acdpbvouc, Scktjv 
 "Az7}c Xadpacou, zeu^ezac KaKjj zuxj)- 
 zocaOza zoXjuq' dfjXuc dpaevoc (j)ovebf 
 kazcv. zc vcv KaXouaa dua^cXeg daKoc 
 zuxocfi' dv ; d{X(f)ca^acvaVy tj iKuXXav zcvd 
 
APPENDIX 257 
 
 ocKouaav kv nkxpacaCj vaurcXojv ^Xd^jjv, 
 
 duouaav "Aidou pLTjrkp^ danovdbv r' dpdv 
 
 (j)cXocc Tzvkouaav ; (be d' kncoXoXu^aTO 
 
 7) TzavToxoXjioCy cboTtep kv lidxric "cponj}, 
 
 doKBc dk /ai|0^v voozi/Mp acorrjpiq, 
 
 Kal Tibvd' hfiocov 1 zc ixrj tze'cOoj' z'c ydp ; 
 
 zb ijkXXov Tj^ec. koc ou /j.' kv zd^^c napcbv 
 
 dyav Y^ dXifjOdfiavziv oiKzecpag kpecg. 
 
 XO. zijv fiv Ookozou dacza nacde'cwv kpecbv 
 
 $uvTJKa Kal nk<j)piKa' Kal (j)b^oc fi' sx^^ 
 
 kXuovz' dXrjdojc oudkv k^TjKaaukva' 
 
 zd d' dXX' dKouoa^ l/c dpbfiou mawv zps^cj. 
 
 KA. ^Ayafikiivovbg ok <j)y)/Ji.' knbipeodac ptbpov, 
 
 XO. eij(j)r}pLOv, Jj zdXacva, Kocji-qaov azb/xa. 
 
 KA. dXX^ ouzc IJacdjv zq)d^ kncozazel Xbyqj. 
 
 XO. ouK, i Ttapkazat 7-'* dXXd fxrj ykvoczb nco. 
 
 KA. ob iikv Kazeux^i, zoic ^' dnoKzecvecv [ikXec. 
 
 XO. zivog Tcpbc dvdpbc zouz' dxoc nopouvezac ; 
 
 KA. if) Kapz' dpouojv TtapsKbmjc XPV^/^^ kpuJjv. 
 
 XO. zoo yap zeXouvzoc ou $uv7JKa fifjxavqv. 
 
 KA. Kal pL-qv dyav y' "EXXr^v^ kitcazaiiac <j)dzcv. 
 
 XO. Kal yap zd nudbKpavza, duajiadTJ d^ bficoc* 
 
 KA. nanar dlov zb nop' knkpx^zae dk p-oc. 
 
 bzozol, AuKEi' "AnoXXov 0? kyoj, kycb. 
 
 ojuzf) dcTcouc Xkacva, auyKo:/icopkvT] 
 
 XuKcp Xkovzoc edyevouc dnooacq, 
 
 KzevEc pe zijv zdXacvav (be dk ^dppaKOv 
 
 zeuxouaa Kapou pcoObv kvdrjaecv Kozq) 
 
 kneuxEzac, O-qyouoa (jxozl (j)doyavov 
 
 kp-fjc dyojyfjg dvzczcoaaOai cjybvov. 
 
 zc dijz' kpauzfjc KazaykXojz' e/oi zdde 
 
258 APPENDIX 
 
 Ktti aKTJnrpa koI iiavreia nepi dkpj) arkcprj ; 
 ak jikv npb jJLOipac rfjc sptfjc dcafjidepu). 
 '/t' If ^dbpov Tzeobvx^' ay^ djd^' a/x' lijjoiiac, 
 dXXriv ziv' drrjv dvr' epLoO nXouzi^eze. 
 Wou d\ ^AnoXXiDV auxbc eKduojv kpk 
 Xprjorrjpiav kadTjr' , inonreuaac dk fie 
 Kav ro'eade KbapLOcg KarayeXw/JikvTjv fjsrd 
 ^iXcov UTz^ kxdpcjv ou dcxoppb-KOJC ^dzrjv, 
 
 ol) p.rjv dzc/jLOi y' K deibv zedvrj^ojjsv, 
 Tj^ec ydp Tiimv dXXog an zipAopoc, 
 prjzpoKzbvov (f>izupa, Ttocvdzojp nazpbg' 
 (jxjydg d' dXi^ZTjc zfjode yfjg aTrb^evof 
 Kdzecoiv dzag zdode OpcfKcbacov (jicXocg' 
 bpcbpozou ydp opKog ek decov pkyac, 
 d$iv vtv bnziaapa Ktcphvoo izazpbg. 
 z'l dTJz' kyo) KazocKZOc (od' dvaozkvco, 
 STte} zb Tzpcbzov eldov 'IX'coo nbXiv 
 npd^aaav wc enpa^ev, o7 d' elXov nbXcv 
 ouzcoc dnaXXdoaooocv kv Oecbv Kp'caec ; 
 louaa 7tpd$oj, zXrjoopac zb Kazdavdv. 
 "Aidou TTuXac dk zdod^ 'ixoj n poG^vvknecv . 
 kneuxopac dk Kocpcag TcXrjyfjc zux^Vj 
 (be da(j)ddaazac, alpdzcov sudvrjOipajv 
 dnoppukvzojv, bppa oup^dXco zbds. 
 XO. w TtoXXd pkv zdXacva, noXXd d* o5 ao(f>^ 
 yuvac, paKpdv Izetvag' d d^ kzrjzupcoc 
 pbpov zbv adzTJc dlaOa, ncbc OerjXdzoo 
 j^obc d'cKf}V Ttpbc ^copbv euzbXpwc nazelc ', 
 KA. ouK 'ioz' dXo^cc, ou, $kvoc, xpb^ov nXkco. 
 XO. b d' uazazbc ye toD xP^^^^ npea^euezcu. 
 
APPENDIX 259 
 
 KA. rjKi rod' ^P-f^P' oficKpa Kepdavco (jyoyj). 
 
 XO. dXX^ 'lode zXiijficov odo' a?:' eorbXiiou (f)pev6C' 
 
 KA. oudeec olkooec zaura rojv udacp.bvojv. 
 
 XO. dXX' euKXecbc zoc Kazdavelv x^P^C j^pozcp. 
 
 KA. CO), ndzep, goo zcbv ze yevvaicov z'eKvwv. 
 
 XO. zc d' kazc xPW^'f '^^C o' dnoazpk^ec (j)b^og ) 
 
 KA. (peu, (j)eO. 
 
 XO. zc zouz^ (j)u$ac ', ei 'zc p.rj (j>pvibv azoyog, 
 
 KA. cj)6vov dbpLOc nvkouocv acp.azoazayfj. 
 
 XO. Koc TKjjg ; zbd^ b^ec du/xdzcov kcjyeazccov, 
 
 KA. ofioioc dzfjLOc cJOKSp sk zd(j)0(j npenec. 
 
 XO. 00 lopiov dyXdcGfia dco/xaacv Xkyecc. 
 
 KA. dXX^ elpLi Kdv dbfiocac KiOKooooa^ i/Jirjv 
 'A-jraptk/nvovbc z fio'cpav. dpKehoj ^cog. 
 
 id), $V0i. 
 
 00 zoc doaoc^oj ddp.vov a>c bpvcg (j)bp(:p 
 dXXoJc' davooaj) pLapzop~cz ptoc zbdy 
 ozav yovTj yovacKoc dvz^ kp.00 ddvjj, 
 dv/jp z doaddpLapzoc dvz' dvdpbc nkarj, 
 nc^vodiiai zaJoza d' coc davoo/iivr). 
 XO. (I) zXfjfiov, oKZpco o da<j)dzoo nbpou, 
 KA. d7za$ 'iz' l7Z'iv pfjOiv, 06 dpfjvov dkXo) 
 kfibv zbv ojozfjC' T^Xiq) d' 7t6xop.OLi 
 npbc oazazov (jyojc, "^olg kp-o'cg zcp-abpocg 
 kxOpolg ^ovooc zolg kpLo'cc zcviv bp.00 
 dooXfjc davooa-qc, 6p.apooc ;^^/)^//aTOf . 
 l(h ^pbzca Tzpdyfiaz^' dzoxoovza p.v 
 GKcq. zee i^ 7tp(l)CV' i Sk doozoxjj , 
 ^oXdcc bypcbaacov oTcbyyoc coX0v ypa(j)-i]v. 
 Kal zaOz' Kcv(x)v pidXXov ocKZcpijj TtoXo. 
 
 Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 1052-1301. 
 
260 APPENDIX 
 
 Page I2S 
 
 KA. eoTTjKa d' 'ivd' Inaio^ kn' k^ecpyaafikvocc* 
 obroj d' 7tpa$a, koi rdd' ouk dpvrjaopiou, 
 (be /JLrjT <f)euycv pf^z^ dpL^vaadai fiopov, 
 dneipov dficjic^X-qaTpov, coansp i^doajv, 
 mpianxiC^, nXouTov ecfiarog KaKov. 
 Tcoud) dk viv dec' Kdv duolv olncoyp.dxocv 
 imdfjKtv ODTou KcbXa' koI nsTtrajKozi 
 Tphrjv knevdcdojuc, too Kaxd ^Govoc 
 Acbg, veKpibv acorrjpoc, euKzacav ^dpiv. 
 OUZO) zbv obzoo 6up.bv bp/xouvsi nsacoD' 
 KdK(j)oacci)V b^elav di/xazoc o^ayrjv 
 ^dXXec //' epep-vfj (panddc (j)ocviac dpbaou, 
 Xodpouaav oudev ^aaov r) dcoodbzo) 
 ydvec onoprjzbc KdXoKOc kv Xox^dliOLOcv. 
 ibg (hd' kxbvzcov, Ttpkapog 'Apysicov zbde, 
 Xoipocz^ dv, i xfJ^poiz\ kyd) ^' 7t6xo}iac. 
 
 C d^ TjV np7TbvZ(0C OJOZ' 7tta7tvdCV VKp(pj 
 
 zdd^ dv dcKOucoc tjv, U7ZpdcKC0c jikv o5v' 
 zoo(jL)vd KpazTJp' V db/xoic naKOJV od 
 TcXdjoac dpaiiov adzbc Knivc fioXcLv. 
 
 Aesch. Ag. 1350-1369. 
 Page 126 
 
 npbc 7)pux)V 
 Kdn7tav, rjii~ig koc KazaddcJfoptsVf 
 QUI bnb nXaodiubv zojv 16 oiKOJV, 
 dXX^ ^I(j>cxVcd viv danaGCioc 
 
 duyazTjp, (be ipT], 
 Tcazkp' dvzcdaaaa npbc (bKunopov 
 7:bpdpLujn' d^kcov, 
 7Zp} Xip ^aXooaa <j)cX-^ac 
 
APPENDIX 261 
 
 XO. ovecdoc T)Kc rbd^ dvr' ovsidouc' 
 
 duofiaxa d' korl Kplvar 
 (jikpec <f>epovz\ kKzcvec d' 6 kcuvojv. 
 [uiivec dl, [iciivovToc kv dpovqj Jwc, 
 nadfiv zov ep^avza' dkajicov yap' 
 
 Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 1529-1541. 
 
 Fage 121 
 
 KA. dc ^y(h. $ui>7JKa rounog i$ cdviypidKov, 
 
 dbXoic bXo6iJLed\ wonep ouv eKzeivajiev, 
 
 doiT) zic dvdpoKpLfjza nkXeKov d>g zd^oc' 
 
 eida)/xv ^ viKaJjuEV rj viKcofieda' 
 
 evzaOda yap drj zoOd' d(j)CKbixrjv KaKOu. 
 
 OP. ok Kal iiazeuoj' z(^d d^ dpKouvzoJC X^t. 
 
 KA. dc 'yco. zkdvqKag, cj)cXzaz^ Alycadoo ^ca. 
 
 OP. (jicXecg zbv dvdpa ; zolyap ev zodzo) zd^q) 
 
 Kecaer Oavbvza d' ouzc pt-q npodipc nozk. 
 
 KA. kniox^C, ^ Trar zbvde d' dldeaaCj zkKvov, 
 
 fxaazbv, itpbc S ob noXXa di) ^pc^cov d/xa 
 
 ouXocGiv i^rjpLeX^ac uzpa/j)lc ydXa. 
 
 OP. IluXddr}, zc dpdao) ; jn)zkp^ oudeodoj Kzaveev ; 
 
 nVAAAHI 
 
 Ttou dal zd Xocnd Ao^cou ptavzed/xaza 
 
 zd Uudbxpyjcrza ncozd d^ edopKd)fiaza ; 
 
 dnavzac ex^pouc zcbv deojv rjyoO TzXkov. 
 
 OP. Kpivii) as viKdv, Kot Ttapacve'tc J^Oi KaXoJC' 
 
 'enow npbc auzbv zbvde ak G(j)d^(u dkXco' 
 
 Koc C,cbvza ydp vcv Kpscaoov^ fjyqacj nazpbc* 
 
 zouzcp davoOaa ^uyKdOsuS' , ens} <j)cXecc 
 
 zbv dvdpa zouzov, bv d' exprjv cfxXslv azuyetC' 
 
262 APPENDIX 
 
 KA. kyd) (t' Wp(l)a, abv dk yqpdvac OkXn). 
 
 OP. TtarpoKTOvoOaa yap ^uvoiK-qascc kfxoc ; 
 
 KA. T] fioipa TOUTOJV, w tskvov, Tzapouvia. 
 
 OP. Koi Tovde ro'cvov fiolp' knbpauvev fxopov, 
 
 KA. oudkv aej^i^si yevedXiouc dpac, tskvov ; 
 
 OP. TSKoOaa yap ji^ eppnl)a^ elc to doaruxkc- 
 
 KA. ouTOi o' dnkppnl>^ elg dojuouc dopu^kvoug, 
 
 OP. dcxcoc eTzpddifjv, tDy eXsuOkpou Trazpoc. 
 
 KA. Tzou drjd' 6 ujioc, ovrcv^ dvrede^dfii^ii ; 
 
 OP. alaxovoiia} aoc tout' bvcdcoac oa<j)6jg. 
 
 KA. [/x^*] dXX^ i(p' bpLOiOJc Kal narpdc too gou /xdrac. 
 
 OP. fiTj '^s/'/e Tov tzovouvt' eoio Kadrjukvr). 
 
 KA. dXyoc yovac^iv dvdpbg ecpyeadac, t'skvov. 
 
 OP. zpk(j)ei dk y' dvdpbc p^b^doc rj/ikvac 'iao). 
 
 KA. KTSvslv 'ioiKac, (b tskvov, ttjv /jLfjrkpa. 
 
 OP. au roc asaurrjv, ouk kycb, KaraKzevdc- 
 
 KA. bpa, <j)uXa^ac pLfjrpbc kyKbrouc Kuvag. 
 
 OP. rdc TOO Ttarpbg dk nojc (jiuyco napsic rdde ; 
 
 KA. 'iocKa dprjvecv ^cjaa npbg tu/jl^ov /idrrjv. 
 
 OP. nazpbg yap ouaa xbvdE aoupcC,i jibpov. 
 
 KA. 0? ^yd). TSKoOaa rbvS^ b(j)iv kdpsiffdpLTjv. 
 
 OP. 7) Kdpra p.dvTcc bd$ bveipdrcov cf)b^of. 
 
 KravoOa' ov ou XPl^f '^^^ ^^ P-V XP^^^ ndde. 
 
 Aeschylus, Choephoroe, 873-916. 
 
 Page ISO 
 
 naXai^aroc d* h ppoxo'cg ykpcov Xbyoc 
 xeTUKzac, pkyav TeXeoOkvza cfycorbc bX^ov 
 zeKvouadai, jurjd' dnaida OvijOKecv' 
 
 eK d' dyaddf ruxac ykvec 
 ^Xaoxdvecv dKopeazov oe(^u]J, 
 
APPENDIX 263 
 
 diXf^ ^' oiXXojv jiov6(f)pojv si/ie' to duaoe^kc yap epyov 
 pkra pkv nXecova rUrec, a(j)zkpq d' ecKOTa ykvvq. 
 dcKOJv yap eududcKUJv 
 KaXXcTzacc TcozpLOc cuec. 
 (jiike dk TiKxecv "T^pcc fiev izaXata ved- 
 ^ouoav kv KaKoic j^porojv 
 "Tppcv tot' rod' , ore zb KUpcov fioXj)' 
 
 vka d^ e(j)UOBV Kbpov, 
 dai/jLOvd t' dp.axoVy d^bXejuov, 
 dvcepov OpdaoCf pLeXazva [leXdOpocacv "Aza 
 
 ddo[xkva zoKEUGcv. 
 AcKa de Xd/xmc p.V kv duoKdnvocc dib/jLaocv, 
 zbv d' ivaiaifiov zkc ^cov. 
 zd xp^(^bnaaza d' ededXa obv 7tcv(p x^P^^ 
 naXcvzpbnocc ofifLaoiv 
 XcnouG^ oaca Trpoak/aoXe, 
 ddvafiiv 00 ak^ouaa nXobzou napda-q^xov a'ivcp, 
 Ttdv d' knl zkpfia voj/nq. 
 
 Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 727-755. 
 
 J'age 132 
 
 dec yap b(ps(c 'ivvuxoi nojXeujievac 
 ec napdei'OJvag zobc e/J-Ouc napT]ybpoov 
 Xdocac piudoic' ^^ P-^y^ eudalfxojv KopTj, 
 zi Ttapdevsuec dapbv, k^bv aot ydfxotj 
 zoxe'tv fJLcy'iozou ; Zebc yap lp.kpou f^kXsc 
 Tzpbg aou zkdaXnzatj koI ^uvaipeaOac Kunpiv 
 dkXer ab d\ Jj Tzat, p.-^ ^noXaKzcajjC Xkxoc 
 zb Zifjvbc, dXX' UsXde r.pbg Akpvqc ^adbv 
 Xecpxbva, no'cpva^ ^ouazdasif zs npbc nazpbd 
 WC dv zb A'cov oppa Xaxfyrjajj nbdoo. 
 
264 APPENDIX 
 
 TOiOiade Tzdoac U(f)p6vac bvdpaac 
 $ovsXo/i7jv d6aT-r}Voc, 'ic '^^ ^^ naxpl 
 %xXtiv yeyojvelv vuKZc^avT^ ovdpara. 
 
 Aeschylus, Prom. 663-675. 
 
 Ou (/feudrjc ode fiOdoc, dXrjdecj) dl KeKaarcUj 
 
 Kud'cnnTjC na'cdcov euosjSirjc 0^ boirig, 
 TjduxaprjC T^P '^^"^ gkotcoc dvdpdoiv wpcoc ohoc, 
 
 /JtfjTpoc knel (^cXc-Q kXecvov WevTO nbvov. 
 Xcupocz' eh kvkpocGCD kn^ euae^ij), kXutoc dvdpeCt 
 
 Koc zbv dr:' aecbvcov fwOov exone [ibvoc. 
 
 Anth. Pal. iii. 18. 
 
 Page 136 
 
 Wxt MpvaKc Kslz' kv dacdaXkq, 
 
 avepibc t' k(j)bpc [icv Tzvkojv KtvqOuad re XipLva, 
 
 delpLa Tzpooelpne tot' ouk ddidvxocac Ttapecaic, 
 
 dii(j)i re Ilepoee ^dXXe (j>cXav xkp\ elizev t'* ih xeKogy 
 
 dlov 'ixco nbvov' ob d' dojzelc' 
 
 YaXadr)V(p Xade'e Kvcbooecg ev dxepnel 
 
 dob pare ;(fa^/co;'6j0(^, 
 
 vuKTc dXafiTze'i Kuaveq) ze dvb^xp KazaXecg' 
 
 dX/iav d' onepdev zedv KOfidv fiaOelav 
 
 napcbvzog Ku^azoc ouk dXeyecg, odd' dvepLCov 
 
 (j)db'cyov, nop^opeq 
 
 Kecpjevog ev xXavidi, npboomov kXcOIv npoawnq). 
 
 el d'e zoc decvbv zb ye decvbv ^v, 
 
 Kou Kev e/jwv pT}fxdz(jJv Xenzbv unelx^C obac. 
 
 KsXo/xai d*, eude j^pe(j)oc, eudezoj de Tzbvzoc, 
 
 eudezco d' dp.ozov Kanbv 
 
APPENDIX 265 
 
 jjLerai^ok'ca dk xcc ^aveir), ZeO ndrep, 
 Ik akdev ^zxc de OapaaXkov Inoc 
 eJjxoficu vba(j)cv dUac, ouyy'^cjdc fioi. 
 
 SiMONiDES, 37. 
 
 'P^acc Ppo-X^'^^ '^o'^C (f^povouoc aaxjypova 
 Tzpbc Touc TiKovzac Kot <puTuaavzac npkntc 
 (iXXoJc T Kal KopTj T Kapfscq ykvoCj 
 ale KOG/iOc Tj ocyq re koI to. naup' 'inr). 
 
 Sophocles, Frag. 61. 
 
 jPage 137 
 
 yhvat, (pikov pkv (jikyyoc fjXcou rode, 
 KaXbv dl TtbvTou x^oii' Iduv eurjvspLOV, 
 yfj T* Tjpivbv ddXXouoa nXouoibv d' udojp, 
 TzoXXwv t' Inacvov lore p.oc Xk^ac KaXcbv 
 dXX^ oudlv OUZO) XapLnpbv odd' Iduv KaXbv 
 (jL>c zoic dnacoc Kal Tzbdq) dsdrj^fikvocc 
 naidcjv veoyvojv Iv dbfxoic iduv (j)dog. 
 
 Euripides, Frag. 318. 
 
 Page 13Q 
 
 zd zfjc ye kT^OflC (jydpfxaK^ bpdojoac ptbvoc, 
 d^ojva Kol (jxovouvza auXXa^dg ze Oelc 
 k^supov dvd pcbnocac ypdpLptaz' ddkvac, 
 coaz' 06 napbvza Ttovzcag unlp nXaKbg 
 zdKsTc Kaz' o'iKouc ndvz' kniozaoOac KaXcbc, 
 Tzouah z' dTiodvi)aKovza xpf)!J-dz(ov ptkzpov 
 ypdipavzaf elne'iv, zbv Xa^bvza d' eldkvac. 
 
266 APPENDIX 
 
 5 d' eic 'ipiv TzcTZTouaiv dvOpconoic KaKa 
 dkXroc dcatpel, kouk eq ({jeudTJ Xkyscv. 
 
 Euripides, Frag. 582. 
 
 Page 14.0 
 sKavez* eKaveze zav 
 7zdvao(pov, d) Aavaoij 
 zdv oudkv^ dXyuvouaav drjdova Mouodv, 
 
 Euripides, Frag. 591. 
 
 Page 142 
 
 cb zkKva zsKva, o(f)iov pkv eazi dr} nbXiC 
 Koc dci)fx\ kv XcTzovzec dOXcav kpk 
 ocKTjoez' dsi fXT)Zpbc kazpf)fikvoc' 
 kyo) d^ If dXXfjv yacav }pu d-q (l)0'jrdcy 
 Tzplv a(j>ij)v 'dvaadac Kdncdecv sudaifiovaCj 
 Ttpcv XsKzpa KOI yuvalKa koc yafiTjXhuc 
 euvdc dyfjXcu Xajanddac r' dvaoxsOelv, 
 d) doozdXacva zijc kjnijc o^Oadcag. 
 aXXioc dp' bp.dc, d) zkKv\ k^edpsipdp-qv, 
 dXXoJc ^' kpbxOouv koc Kaze$dvd-qv nbvoic 
 ozeppdc kveyKoOa' kv zbKOcg dXyrjdbvag, 
 j5 p-qv nod' i) dbozrjvoc ^/ov kXn'idac 
 noXXdc kv bpcv yqpo^ooK-qaecv z' kpk 
 KOC Kazdavouaav x^P^^^ ^^ nepcazeXecVy 
 (^TjXojzbv dvOpcbnoior vuv d' bXcoXe dij 
 yXuKsla (ppovzic- (y<f>cpv yap kazepjjpkvTj 
 Ximpbv dcd^o) ^cozov dXyecvbv z' kpoL 
 bpelc ^ prjzkp' ouksz' oppaacv (jicXocc 
 6([fad' , kc aXXo oxfjp' dnoazdvzec ^coo. 
 <f)0 (f)0' zc TtpoodkpKsadk p' oppaoiv, zeKva ; 
 
APPENDIX 267 
 
 zi npooyeXdze zbv navooxaxov ykXojv ; 
 alar Ti dpdao) ; Kapdca yap o'ix^xat, 
 yuvdiKSC, b/ipta <f)acdpbv (be ecdov tskvcov, 
 ouK dv duvoipLTjV 7a^|0lrct> poukufiara 
 TO. Tcpoadev d$aj naidac bk yacag kfiouC' 
 
 KozTOi Ti ndcF^o) ', po6Xop.ac ykXcor^ 6(j)Xe2v 
 k^dpouc fiedftaa roue eptouc dC^rjfxcoug ; 
 ToXpi7)TOv zdd' . dX},d ZTJc s/JirjC Kdnrjc, 
 zb Kol npokodoi jaaXdaKouc Xbyooc (j)pevbc* 
 XOJpelze, Tzaldec, if dbfiooc' ozq) dk pirj 
 OkpLic napecvae zoig kfioicot dufxacnv, 
 oi^zq) liBXijoec. X^^P^ ^' ^^ dca(j)dp(b, 
 
 dXk^ elp.c yap dij zkrjfiovsazdzrjv bdbv, 
 Kal zouade nkpLi/fa) zXrjfjLoveozkpav 'izi, 
 naidac n pooecnelv ^ouXofiac. dbz\ d) zsKva, 
 dbz' dandaaadae /xrjzpe de^cdv X^P^' 
 (b (jickzdzf) /^jO, <j)ikzazov dk pLOt azbfiay 
 Kal oxTjua Kal Ttpboajnov euyevlc zeKvojv, 
 eudaipLovolzov dXX' eKs'r zd d' ivddde 
 TtazTjp d(j>cXez\ d) yXoKeia npoa^oXri, 
 d) ptakdaKbc XP^C nveufxd 6' rjdiozov zskvcov, 
 XOjpelzs 7t>|0?T'* ouKsz' el/xl npoa^Xknecv 
 oca t' If ufidc, dXXd vcKcofxai KaKo'ec- 
 
 Euripides, Medea, 1021-1077. 
 
 I^agg 147 
 
 Tupiov dldpta Xcnoua^ e^av 
 dKpodcvca Ao^cq 
 0OiVOoac dnb vdooo 
 
268 APPENDIX 
 
 0oc^q) douXa jjXddpcov, 
 lev' unb decpdac vc^o^bXocc 
 Uapvaaou Kazevdodifj. 
 
 ^u de KaaraXcac udcop 
 kncpkv^c jjs KOfiac e/xdc 
 deuaae napdkvcov x^^^^^ 
 0Opiaiae XaTpdacg, 
 l(h Xd/inouaa nkxpa nupbc 
 dcKop6<j)OJV akXac bnlp dKpa)v 
 BaKi^lav AcovoooUj 
 o*ha 6' a KaOapkpcov 
 ord^ciC "^^^ TtoXuKapTzov 
 olvdvdag h'taa pbzpov, 
 lidded t' dvTpa dpdKOVZOCj o3- 
 pEiOi T oKOTzcal dsojv, 
 vt(j)b^oXbv r' bpoc Ipbv, el- 
 Xcaoojv ddavdzac Osou 
 Xopbc yevoifiav dcfyo^oc 
 Ttapa iJobii(f>aXa yuaXa 0be^ou. 
 
 Euripides, Phoenissae, 202-207, 222-238. 
 
 Page 14Q 
 
 dppLara pJkv zdde Xa/XTrpd z^O pinniDV' 
 
 TiXeoc T^djj Xdfxnec Kaza yijv, 
 
 aazpa dl <f)euyee nop zbd' dn^ alOkpog 
 
 kc vuxO^ hpdv, 
 
 Ilapvrjaiddsc ^' d^azoc KOpu<j>al 
 
 KazaXajnTrbfieva: ztjv ^/lepeav 
 
 diJHda Ppozotjc dkxovza:. 
 
 o/iijpvrjc d' dvudpou Kanvbg dg bpb(j)Ouc 
 
APPENDIX 269 
 
 Oo'c^ou itkrezac, 
 
 ddaaec dk fuvi) zpiTcoda ^dOeov 
 
 JeXcplc, deidoua' "EXk-qac ^oac, 
 
 dc 0.V 'AnokXcov KeXadi^arj. 
 
 dXX\ d) 0oc^o(j AX(j)ol dkpanec, 
 
 zdc KaoxaXcac dpyupoecdecc 
 
 pouveze dcvac, Kadapdec ^ dpbaocc 
 
 d(j)udpavdfxevoi azecx^ze vaouc' 
 
 ozopta z' eij(j>f}Hov (f)poupelz^ dyaddv, 
 
 (t)i^fiac z^ dyaddc zoilg kOkXooocv 
 
 fLavzeueadae 
 
 yXcoaarjc idcac dno^ahscv. 
 
 riimcc dk nbvooc ode ^ nacdbc 
 
 fioxOoOfJSv del, nzbpOocac dd^vTjc 
 
 az(j)ah 6' kpdlc kobdooc (^oc^oo 
 
 Kadapdc di^aopLSV uypacc t Tzkdov 
 
 ^av'cacv vozepbv, tzztjvwv z' dykXac, 
 
 a? pXdnzouocv 
 
 okfiv^ dvad-qnaza, zb^ocacv eptolc 
 
 ^uyddac drjao/nev' (bg yap diii]ZO)p 
 
 dndzojp z yya)c zouc dpk(l)avzac 
 
 Qoc^ou vaouc dpa7i:uo), 
 
 &f d) v7)6aXkc (h 
 KaXXcazac 7tp07ibXU{xa dd<f)vac, 
 5 zdv Ooc^oo dupikXav 
 Gacpcc onb vaolc 
 KrjTtojv $ ddavdzcov, 
 'iva dpbaoc zkyyooa^ kpa} 
 zdv dkvaov naydv 
 KKp6iiaa4 
 
270 APPENDIX 
 
 liopacvag hpav (j)6^av, 
 
 a aoupcj ddnedov dsou 
 
 nava{jkpiog aju' deXcou nrkpuyc Ooq 
 
 Xazpeuiov zb Kaz' ^jiap. 
 
 d) Ilacdv (I) IlcudVf 
 
 euoicov euouojv 
 
 e'i7)C} ^ AazoOc nai, 
 
 KaXbv ye zbv nbvov, d) 
 
 Odi^e, Gol Tcpb dbpL(oi> Xazpedo), 
 
 zcpjujv navzelov edpav 
 
 KXecvbg d' b nbvoc fioc, 
 
 dtoiacv douXav ykp^ '^X^^^f 
 
 00 dvazolc, dXX' ddavdzocc* 
 
 Bu^djiocc dk nbvocc /xoxdelv 
 
 00 K dnoKdfxvco. 
 
 ^ol^bc pLOi yevkzcop nazi)p, 
 
 zbv ^boKovza yap edXayd), 
 
 zb d^ ib(j)kXi{iov kfioe nazkpoc bvofia Xkyco 
 
 Oo'c^oo zoo Kazd vabv. 
 
 lb Ilacdv (b IlacdVy 
 
 eoouojv eooLciov 
 
 e'ijjCf ^ AazoOc ^ct^ 
 
 Euripides, Ion, 82-142. 
 
 jPage IS 2 
 
 XO. a'. ooK kv zaig (^aOkaic 'AOd- 
 vacg eoKiOvsc ^oav ad- 
 Xal d(I)v pLovov, odd' dyoc- 
 dzidec OepanBcac* 
 
APPENDIX 271 
 
 dXXa Kol napa Ao^cq 
 
 rq) Aarouc dcduficov izpoad)- 
 
 Tzojv KaXXc^Xk^apov <j)cbC' 
 XO. P'. Idob xdvd' adprjoov, 
 
 Aepvalov udpav kvacpec 
 
 Xpuakacc dpnacc b Acbc ndi^' 
 
 (j)iXa, npbocd^ booocg. 
 XO. a' . bpd). Koc nkXac dXXog ad- 
 
 rou Tzavbv nopc(j)XKxov di- 
 
 pi Tic' dp' be knaiac jxu- 
 
 deuerai napd ni^vacg 
 
 donco-cdc 'IbXaoc, be 
 
 Kocvobg aepopLsvoc nbvouc 
 
 Jcq) nacdl oovavxXec ; 
 XO. f' . Kal fidv zbvd' ddpTjaov 
 
 nrspoOvToc <pedpov "innoo' 
 
 xdv nop nvkouaav ivaipec 
 
 zpcacofxarov dXKdv. 
 XO. a'. Tzavxd toc ^Xk(l)apov dc(x)K(o, 
 
 oKkil^ac KXbvov kv xecx^oc 
 
 Xdcvocac riydvTcov. 
 XO. d'. wde depKo/xed', d) cjicXac, 
 XO. e' . Xeuoaecc ouv en' 'EyKeXddq) 
 
 fopfiOTzbv TzdXXouaav 'huv ; 
 XO. c' ' Xeuaooj IJaXXdd' k{xdv deov, 
 XO. (^' . Ti ydp) Kspauvbv 
 
 dp.(j)C7zopov b^pcfJLOv kv Jibe 
 
 kKfi^bXococ xepGcv ; 
 XO. 7)'. bpd), zbv dd'iov Mifiavza 
 
 no pi KazacdaXoi. 
 XO, 6' . Koi Bpbjiioc dXXov 
 
272 APPENDIX 
 
 dnoXkixocc Kcaocvococ ^aKxpocg 
 kvacptc Fdc TEKViov 6 ^aKxeuc. 
 
 Euripides, Ion, 184-218. 
 
 jPage 161 
 
 npu)TOV lilv euxjj Tfjde npea^edco dewv 
 TTjV npioxoptavTcv Facav ek de rijc Sk/icv, 
 7j d-^ TO juTjTpoc deurkpa rod' e^ezo 
 [lavxelov, wg Xbyog zcg' kv de rqt rphq) 
 Mx^e, deXouoTjc, oudk npbg ^cav Tcvbg^ 
 Tcxavlc aXXf) nacc xOovbc Kadk^exo 
 Ooc^T}' didcoac d' rj yevedXcov dbocv 
 0oi^(x)' xb 0oi^7)c d^ bvop.^ 'ixei napcjvufJLOV. 
 Xcn<hv 31 Xijiv7)v JrjXiav xe xocpdda, 
 KeXaac kn' d/crctf vauTcbpoog xdg IJaXXddoCf 
 If XTjvde yacav ^XOe IlapvTjaooO 6' edpaf. 
 nkfinouac d' auxbv koc o^cC,ouotv fxkya 
 KeXeudonocol ndidec ^H(j>acaxoo x^bva 
 dvrjptspov xcdkvxec ripjepojpkvqv. 
 /xoXovxa d' adxbv Kdpxa xcfxaX(j)ec Xecbc, 
 JeX<j)bc T x^P^C Tfjode npujavqxrjc dva$, 
 xex^rjc de vcv Zebg 'ivOeov Kxcaaf ^peva, 
 *i^i xkxapxov xbvde ptdvxcv kv dpbvocg' 
 Jebc npo(j)rixric d' kaxl Ao^iag naxpog. 
 xouxouc v c^/a^r (j>pOjj.m^opLou dsodf. 
 UaXXac Ttpovaia d' h Xbyocg npea^euBxac, 
 akj^co dk vujj.(j)ac, evOa KojpuKlg nkxpa 
 KOiXf), (f)Xopi>cg, dcufxbviov dvaaxpo(j)-f}' 
 (Bpbfiioc ^' 'ix^^ ^bv x^^pov, oud^ d/iy)y//oyd), 
 1^ ouxe BdKxaic kaxpaxi^yifjaev debc, 
 Xayo) dcKTjv Ilevdec Kaxappd(pac fibpov) 
 
APPENDIX 273 
 
 nXecazoO re Trrjyac, koI Iloasidcbvo^ Kpdxog 
 KaXouaa, Kot TkXecov ucpiorov Aca. 
 enena iidvTcg eic Opovoog Kadc^dvco, 
 
 Aeschylus, Eumen. 1-29. 
 
 I^age 16/ 
 
 kfiol Ttaxfjp filv nbXu^oc tjv KophOwc, 
 p.r)Trjp dk Me pom} Aojpcg. ijybp.'f^v d' dv-qp 
 daxcov pkycGTOc tojv K1, npcv ptoc wxt) 
 TOidd' knkoxri, dauptdaac pkv d^caj 
 anoudfjc 7' pkvzoc zijc e/^^r ouk d$ia. 
 dvTjp yap h ddnvocg jti' unepnX-qoddc pkdjj 
 KaXei Tzap^ o*cvcp nXaaxbg (hg icrjv nazpc. 
 Kayo) ^apuvdelg ttjv pjkv ouaav rjptkpav 
 fxdXec Karkaxov, ddrkpq d' l(hv nkXac 
 p.T)Tpdc narpbc z' tJ^s/'j^ov ol dk dua(f)bp(OC 
 Touvecdoc fjyov zq) p^Okvzc zbv Xbyov. 
 Kayo) za fikv KVOv kzepKbnT}v, ofiojc ^' 
 sKVi^k p.' dec zouO'' u^eipTzs. yap 7:0X6. 
 Xddpa dk prjzpbc koI nazpbg nopsuoptac 
 IJudwde, Koc jj.^ b Qo'c^oc (hv pkv hbpLJjv 
 dzifxov ^7:p([)v, dXXa d^ ddXca 
 Kol decvd Kal duazT)va npou^-f}VV Xkycov, 
 
 (be j>?T|0^ jy XP^h P-^ P-^X^^^^f ykvoc d' 
 azXrjzov dvOpibnococ d-qXojoocp' bpdv, 
 ^ovbg d^ iooifirjv zou (f)uzuaavzoc nazpbc* 
 Kayd) ^TzaKouaac zoJjza zt]v KopcvOcav 
 dazpocg zb Xocnbv Kp.zpo6pvoc ;f^6va 
 ^(j)uyov, Ivda p-^noz* bi/joipjjv KaKOJv 
 Xpfjofjujjv bvidrj zcbv k/xojv zXou/iva. 
 <jziX(ov (5' cKvoujjiac zo6ad zobg ycbpooq, iv 61c 
 
274 APPENDIX 
 
 au Tov xupavvov roOrov oXXuadai Xkyetc. 
 Ka'i aoc, yuvac, rdXTjdkc e$epd>. rpinXfjc 
 bz' ^v KsXeudou zfjod' bdocnopcbv neXac, 
 hraudd jaoc Kfjpu^ re Kanl najXiKfjc 
 dvrjp dnrjVTjc i///?/?ct>f , dlov ob (f>rjc, 
 ^ovT}VTcaC,ov' Kd^ bdou p.^ o d' rjyepcjv 
 auzoc d' b Ttpkoj^uc Ttpoc ^iCLV rjXauvkzrjv, 
 Kdyd) zbv eKzpknovza, zbv zpoxifjXdz7)v, 
 7ZCU0J dc' bpyfjc' Koc p* b Ttpko^uc ibg bpq 
 o/ouc napaazeexovza zTjprjoac pkaov 
 Kdpa dcTzXocg Kkvzpocac poo KadUezo. 
 00 pjjv 'coTjv y' ezcoev, dXXd oovzbvcoc 
 oKrjnzpq) zoKelg K zfjads x^^P^C onzcoc 
 pkoTjc dnrjVTjc eoObc eKKoXhSezar 
 Kzsho) dk zobc ^opnavzac. dk zip $kvq) 
 zoozcp npoarjKEi Aouoo zc aoyyevkCf 
 zee kxdpodaxpojv pdXXov dv ykvoiz^ dvrjp ; 
 zee zoode zdvdpbc kaz* er* ddXabzepog ; 
 ov pij ^kvojv e^eozc p-qd^ dazcbv zcvl 
 dbpocg dkx^adaCj pr)dk npoacfxovelv zevd, 
 (i)deiv d' dTt' o'cKOjv. Kot zdd' obzcc dXXoc tjv 
 ri 'yo) 'n' kponzq) zdad^ dpag b npoazcdecc- 
 
 pij dfjza, prj dfjz\ w Oeibv dyvbv ok^ac, 
 'cdoepe za/jzfjv rjpkpav, dXX' sk ^pozojv 
 pouTjv d(j)avzoc npoodev j) zoidvd' cdelv 
 K7)X2d' epaozip aop(j)opdc d^cypkvrjv, 
 
 Sophocles, Oed. Tyr. 774-833. 
 
APPENDIX 275 
 
 Page 170 
 
 IjkXnet d^ kv dkvdpeac Xemav 
 dr}dd)v dpfiovcav 
 bpdpeuojikva ybocc 
 ^Iwv "Itov 7:oX6dpy}vov. 
 
 Euripides, Fragment 775. 
 
 Page 170 
 
 e: dk Kupe} zcg nkXag ocojvotzoXojv 
 eyyacoCj oIktov ocKzpbv duojv 
 do^doec zee OLKOusiv ona rdc Trjpseac 
 fiTjTcdoc ocKzpdc dXa^ou 
 KcpKf)XdTou t' drjdovoc' 
 dz^ dnb yibpcxjv Tzozafuov t' eipyojakva 
 Ttevdec vkocKzov dczov rjdkwv, 
 ^uvzedjjGi dk nacdbc fxbpov, (bg auzo(j)bvaJC 
 ojXezo npbc X^^P^C edsv, 
 duap.dzopoc Kbzou zu/cbv. 
 
 Aeschylus, Supplices, 56-65. 
 
 Page 171 
 
 dXX' kfik y^ a ozovbeaa' dpapev (j)pkvaCj 
 d "Izuv, alkv "Izuv bXo(j)6pezac, 
 bpvcc dzul^ofxkva, Jibe dyyeXog, 
 
 Sophocles, Electra, 147-149. 
 
 Page 171 
 
 dye, Guvvopk hoc, nanoac fikv onvou, 
 XuGOv dk vbfioog hpcbv u/xvojv, 
 ouc did decou ozofiazoc dpr]veec 
 zbv kfxbv KOi abv noXudaKpov "Izuv 
 
276 APPENDIX 
 
 Kadapa x^P^^^ ^^^ (pukXoKOfiOtj 
 apiiXaKOC "qx^ Tzpbg dcbc edpac, 
 *iv^ b xp'Jf^oKojj.ac Odl^og dKoucJV 
 role Golg kXkyocc dvraljdXXojv 
 kXe^avTodezov (pop/juyya deojv 
 'ioTTjai x^pouc' did d' ddavdrojv 
 oro/xdrcov x^P^~^ ^uptcfxovoc bjioO 
 deca naKapojv oXoXuyrj. 
 
 Aristophanes, Omithes, 209-222. 
 
 ifjfioc d^ oufXrjsvza 7:epcaxpk(j)ex^ oopavbv darpa 
 navTode fiapjiaipovza, nbvou d' kniX-qdeTOc dv-qp, 
 drj tot' ^Ad-f]vacT) {xaKdpiov edog alnb Xmouoa 
 riXude TzapdevcKfj dnaXbxpdc navz' ecKuca 
 kc VTJac Koc Xabv dpT}C(j)cXou d' dp' 'Ettscou 
 eazT) unlp Ke^aXfjc kv bvdpdt, Kac juav dvcoyst 
 zeO^ou doupcov "imtov' (j)q dk oc kfKovkovzc 
 auzTj GOfKafuecv, auzr) d' d(f)ap dyxodi pfjvac 
 Ipyov ec bzpuvouoa' Oefjc d' bye jnudov dKouaag 
 Kayx<^^o(ov dvd Oofibv aK^dkog 'iKdopev unvow 
 eyvoj d' dddvazov Oebv d/xj^pozov oudk ol qzop 
 dXXo Tzape^ copiiacvs, vbov d' e;^y ackv stt' 'ipycp 
 deoTTeoiq)' Tzcvuzrj dk nepl <j)pkvac tjcs zhx^f}. 
 
 'Hd)c d' bnnbd' 'eKavsv dTrcoaapLkvr) Kvk<j)ac ^b 
 C '^p^^oc, x^P^^q ^^ ^^' q^poc ?^^^ a'iyXT), 
 dij zbzs de'cov bvecpov kv 'Apyecococv 'Enecbc, 
 (be 'idev, d>c rjKOoaeVy keXdofikvocaiv hcnev 
 ol dk ol e'iaouovzec dnecpkoiov Ksxdpovzo. 
 
 Q. Smyrnaeus, xii. 104-121. 
 
APPENDIX 277 
 
 Page 177 
 
 XO. dpkofxou (j)0^epa fxeydX^ dxr)- 
 imdeiTac arpardc axpaxoTzedov Xcncbv 
 pel TzoXbg bde h(i)c npodpopLOc Innoxac' 
 aide pea Kovig {J nsWec <j>a)je1a\ 
 dvaudoc (Ta(j)Tjc 'irupLoc djyeXoc. 
 Izc dl ydc ip.dc Ttedi' onXoKzun' woe ;f|0i//7rT^ podv 
 Ttozdrai, ^pkpsi d' dpaxezou dcKav udaxog bpoxunou. 
 CO) id), deol d$a z\ opopevov nandv dXeuoare' 
 
 ^oq bnlp Ticxkcov 
 b XeuKaancg bpvuzac Xabg eurpenrjc knl nbXcv 
 
 decoKOJV nod a. 
 TiC dpa ^uaerou, xcg dp^ knapKkaec Oecdv rj dedv ; 
 
 Tzpodihoecc, TzaXoLcxOcov "Aprjc, tolv xedv ydv ; 
 (b xP^f^onrjXj)^ dacpov, 'ined^ 'imde nbXcv 
 zedv, dv nor' eucpiXrjrav Woo. 
 dsoc TtoXcdoxoc [x^ovbc^ ?t' 'he ndvrec w, 
 'ideze napdkvojv cKkacov Xb^ov douXoauvac onkp. 
 
 Kupa [ydp^ Tzepl nzbXcv 
 doxpoXo^dv dvdpojv KaxXd^ec nvooLtc "Apeoc bpbpsvov, 
 dXX\ d) Zeu Ttdzep navzeXkc, 
 Ttdvzioc dpjjiov dcuojv dXcooiv. . 
 ^Apjk'ioc dl nbXcopa Kddpou 
 KUKXouvzac 4*b^og d' dpecwv oTiXtov 
 dcddezoc ze di) jkvoog Inncac 
 Kivupovzac <j>bvov ;^aA^vo^. 
 knzd d' dydvopEC npeTconzBg azpazou 
 dopuaaolg odyacg nuXatc kj^dbpouc 
 npoaiazavzac naXq) Xaxbvzec 
 
 Aeschylus, The Seven against Thebes, 78-119. 
 
278 APPENDIX 
 
 Page I7Q 
 
 XO. d) ndrpac Orj^rjc *evocKoc, Xe6oox\ OcdcTzoug 
 
 Ms, 
 oc Ta KXeh^ (uviyiiar^ ^dee na} Kpdrcoxog 9jv dvi^p, 
 bozic ou ^rjXcp noXcTcbv rfjc zuxfjC hnk^Xenev, 
 elc ooov KXudojva deivfjc oufX(l)opdc kXrjXudev. 
 ware dvrjTov bvr' kKscvrjv -crjV reXeuzaiav XP^^^ 
 ijfikpav kncaKonouvxa /xTjdkv' bX^'cl^ecv, izplv av 
 xkpiia TOO ^cou nepdojj pLjjdkv dXyecvov naOcbv. 
 
 Sophocles, Oed. Tyr. 1 523-1 530. 
 
 Page 180 
 J) SepkXag TpO(f)o} Sfj- 
 pac oT(l>avouode Kcao<^' 
 Ppuexe ppuere xXorjpei 
 ajuiXaKi KaXXcKdpKcp, 
 Koc Kara^aKXiouode Spudc 
 kXdzac KXddocaCj 
 OTCKTUjv t' kvdurd ve^pcdcov 
 aTk<j)ET XeuKOTp'cxiov 7tXoKdp.a)V 
 ptaXXolg' dpi(f)c dk vdpdrjKac u^pc- 
 azdc bacouad\ odriKa yd ndaa xopeoaec, 
 Bpoficoc suz' otv dyj) didaouc 
 iC opoc C opoc, evda pkvee 
 djjXwjrevTjc oxXoc 
 d(j)' lozibv Tiapd KepKcdcov t' 
 ohzpjjdslc Aiovdaco. 
 
 Tjduc V oupeocv hg av 
 
 Ik didacov dpofiaiojv 
 
 nkaj) TzedboB, ve^pcdoc sx^ov 
 
APPENDIX 279 
 
 hpdv hduToVy djpe6iov 
 
 ai/xa xpayoKxbvoVf (opLocfyd'jfov x^P^^f 
 
 Ikfisvoc eic opea Opuyca, Aodca. 
 
 6 d' 'i^apxoc BpofiioCf eudc, 
 
 pel dl ydXaKTc nkdov, pel d' o'livq), ^e'c dl pjeXcaodv 
 
 veKTapc, lupcac d' wc Xc^dvou kokvoc. 
 
 6 paKxebg d' 'ixoj^ 
 
 nupacodj) ^Xbya nedKac 
 
 K vdpdrjKoc dcaaec 
 
 dpdpxpj x^pouc epedi^cov nXavdraCy 
 
 laxcuc t' dvandXXajv, 
 
 zpu(j)epdv nXoKa/jiov ecc olOepa ^cmcjv, 
 
 dfia d^ kn^ eodafiaacv knc^pkpzc 
 
 zocdd^' lb ere pdKxcu, 
 
 d) 'ere j^dnxou, 
 
 T/jwXou xp^f^opoou x^^^^t 
 
 pkXnere rbv Jiovuaov 
 
 ^apuppopuov UTzb Tu/xTzdvcov, 
 
 ebca zbv euiov dyaXXbpjevcu Oebv 
 
 ev Opoycacac ^oa'eg kvonaiac re, 
 
 Xojrbc brav euKeXaSoc lepbc lepa 
 
 Ttaiyp-aTa Ppkfij) advoxa (j>ocxdacv 
 
 ecc '6poc elc '6poc' ^dojakva S' dpa 
 
 TzwXoc bnioc dfia nax'epc <f)Op^ddc 
 
 kjujXov dyee xaxoT^oov aKcpx-qiiaai j^dKxa. 
 
 Euripides, Bacchae, 105-119, 135-169. 
 
 XaXenbv 
 6ed>v Ttapazpeipcu vbov 
 dvdpeaocv encxOovcocC' 
 
280 APPENDIX 
 
 Kal yap dv nXd^cmzog Olvebg 
 
 Tzauaev KaXuKoaTe(j)dvou 
 
 oepLi^dc ;jf6^oy 'Aprk/jadoc XeoKOjXkvoo 
 
 Xcoabfjsvoc noXewv 
 
 t' aiyibv Ouocoioc naxijp 
 
 Kal ^OibV (j)0CVtK0Vii)TiOV. 
 
 dXX^ dviKazov Oed 
 
 *ioxv xoXov, eupu^iav d' eaaeule] Koupa 
 
 KOKpov dvcudondxav 
 
 kc KaXX^xopov KaXudo)- 
 
 v'* *iv6a TtXrjjuLupojv aOkvst 
 
 hpxooc knkKtcpev odovrc, 
 
 a(j)d^k T fifjXa, ppoxibv 
 
 6* banc e'ioavz^ dv fibXot. 
 
 T^ dl oTujepdv dfjpcv ^EXXdvujv dpcoTOt 
 
 azaadfjLsd^ kvduKkojc 
 
 1^ d/iaza auvxk(i)C knd dl dacpxjjv 
 Kdpzoc AlzioXdcc ope^ev, 
 ddnzopsv 00 c Kazkne^- 
 VV auc kpc^puxoLC encuoaojv /?iqf. 
 
 Seazhu Ko6pa d(]U(j>pii)v 
 
 fidzTjp KaKOTtOZflOC kfiol 
 
 podXeuaev bXeOpov dzdp^aKZOC fovd, 
 
 Koik ze doidaXkac 
 
 Ik XdpvaKog (oKu/xopov 
 
 <f)izpdv dfKXaijaaaa' z6v d-^ 
 
 jnocp^ insKXajaev zoze 
 
 a^iodc opov dpiszkpac *i/ipV. 
 
APPENDIX 281 
 
 jjuvuvda dk HOC (Ifuxa yXuKe'ca' 
 fv(i)v d* bXcyoadevkcoVj 
 cuar Ttuixarov dk 7ci>e(ov SaKpuaa TX[djJWv] 
 dyXaav H^^av npok'cnojv, 
 
 (paacv ad^coi^bav 
 
 ^A}i<j)CTpuojvog nacda ptoOvov drj roze 
 
 zky^ac ^Xk(})apov, zaXanevOkog ^ 
 
 TtbTpLOV OCKxdpOVXa (JXOTOC. 
 
 Kae vcv dp.i^6p.Voc 
 
 rdd^ l(j>a' dvardlac pij <j>uvac <t>kpea'C0Vf 
 
 fxifjT* dsXiou Ttpoaidecv 
 
 (j)kyxoc. aXX^ ou yap xcg kazcv 
 
 Tcpd^cg tads pjtjpopkvocg, 
 
 Bacchylides, V, 94-116, 137-144, 1 51-163. 
 
 Page igj 
 bfjko)v d^ di nep laacv dpiarrjec Ilavaxaiojv, 
 odd' 0? 7zpo(j)povk(oc ppLad' ^EKXopo^ dvxiov kXdecv.^* 
 ^Qc vecKBaa' b ykpcuv, ol d* kvvka Tzdvzec dvkazav, 
 (Lpzo noXb Tcpojzoc psv dva^ dvdpcbv 'Ayaps/xvajv, 
 T(p d' knl Tude*cdi)c ojpzo Kpazepbc Jco/jLTjdrjc, 
 zo'coi d' en' A'iavzec, doupev kncecpsvoc dXKTjv, 
 zo'cac d' en' 'Idoptsveuc Kot bndwv 'IdojuevfjoCy 
 MT}pcbvr)c, dzdXavzoc 'EvoaXcip dvdp(f>bvz7), 
 zo'cac d' kn' EupbnoXog, Euacfiouoc dyXabc olbg^ 
 dv dl 6 bag 'Avdpaciiovcdrjg Kot d'coc 'OduoaeuC 
 ndvzec dp' ol y' WeXov noXepi^ecv ''EKzopc dcip. 
 zo'cc d' ojbzcc fJtezkecTrs Fepi^vcoc cnnbza Nkazwp' 
 ^^KXrjpip vuv nerrdXaade dca/anepkc, ^C f^ Xdxjjocv 
 ouzoc yap d-^ bvrjasc kuKvqficdag *Axacouc, 
 Kal d' auzbc ov dup.bv bvrjaezac, ac K (j>uyjiac 
 
282 APPENDIX 
 
 d7)0(j eK noXkiioco koI ouvrjc dTj'ioriJTOc." 
 
 *'J2f l(j)ad\ ol dk KXfjpov karjpLTjvavvo ^Kaazoc, 
 kv d' IpaXov Kuvkjj 'Aya/ikfivovoc 'AxpeWao, 
 Xaol d' rjpTjoavTO, Oedlac dk x^'^P^C dvkaxov 
 d>de dk Tcg e'iTTeoKsv cd(bv ecg oupavbv edpdv 
 ^^ ZeO Ttdzepj tj Alavxa Xaxftv, Tudkoc olbvj 
 ouzbv ^aacXfja noXoxpoooco Muki/jvtjC'" 
 
 **J2r ap' (j)av, TzdXXev dk FepTjvwc cnnoxa Nkarojp, 
 U d' Wops KXfjpoc Kuvkrjc, 3y ap* r^OeXov ouzo:, 
 A'iavToc' Kfjpu^ dk (pkpwv dv' b/uXov dTrdvrj) 
 de~e$' vdk$ea ndacv dpsari^eamv ^Axcuojv. 
 ol d' ou yiY^cooKovrec dnrjvijvavTo ^Kaaroc, 
 dXX^ bre dij zdv "cKave (j>kp(t)v dv' h/uXov aTravvT), 
 be fjuv kncypdipac Kuvkjj pdXe, ^aidcfioc A'iac, 
 ^ Toe UTtkaxede x^'^p' f ^ ^' dp' ^pt^aXev dyx^ napaoxdc, 
 yvo) dk KXi}poo ofj/na cdcov, yrjOTjae dk dup/i), 
 t6v pkv nap nod' kdv x^tj^ddic ^dXe <j>d)VT}okv re* 
 *^ d) <l)'cXoCj ^ xoc KXfjpog ipoc, X^P^ ^^ '^^^ aordc 
 dupx^j knel doKeo) vcnrjokpsv ""EKzopa dlov, 
 
 Homer, II. vii. 159-192. 
 
 Page igs 
 
 ^'ApiCTOV pkv ddojp, b dk XP^^^C oidbpsvov nop 
 
 dve dcanpknei vukxI p^ydvopog 2fo/a nXoOxoo" 
 
 el d' aedXa yapoev 
 
 IXdeac, (f)iXov Jjxop, 
 
 prjKed' dXioo OKbnec 
 
 dXXo daXnvbxBpov h dpkpq <j>avvbv daxpov kp-qpac dc* 
 
 aWkpoc' 
 pT)d* 'OXopncac dyibva <j>kpxepov adddaopsv 
 bOev b noXu^axoc bpvoc dficpipdXXexae 
 
APPENDIX 283 
 
 Kpbvoo nacd\ 
 
 Pindar, Ol. i. i-io. 
 
 Page ig7 
 
 XeoK(oXev KaXXcbna, 
 
 ozdoov eunocTjzov apfia 
 
 ojLtxoUj dca T Kpovcdav 
 
 u/ivrjaov 'OXuptmov (ipxaybv Oedtv, 
 
 Tov r' OLKafiavTOpbav 
 
 ^AX(j>bv, nkXonbg ts ^cav, 
 
 Kol n'caav, Ivd^ b KXeevvbg 
 
 \no\aal vcKaaag dpbfjup 
 
 [ad^]v 0pViKoc kunupyoug ^opaKoOa- 
 
 oac, ^IkpixJvc <j>pa)v 
 
 \ud\ainovcag nkxaXov, 
 
 Bacchylides, v. 176-186. 
 
 Page 197 
 
 MaTp (I) xp^(^oar(j)dvo)v dkdXcov OuXop.ncaj 
 
 dkanoii>' dXadiac' tva jj.dvTiC avdpC 
 
 kfmupocc xKfiacpbiJjvoc napaTZcpcbvxcu Acbg dppK' 
 
 pajjvouj 
 *c uv' 'ix Xbyov dvOpconcov nkpc 
 fLaeofjikvwv fiYdXav 
 dpTav du/jup Xa^fcv, 
 Tibv dk fjibxOojv djmvodv 
 
 d.vxac dk npbc X^P'^ 6a^cac dvdpcbv Xcraec* 
 dXX^ (b nhac udvdpov kn* 'AX(j)Cf> dXaoCj 
 rbvd tcajfiov Kal ox(j>ava4>opav dk^cu. pkya roc 
 KXkoc akcj 
 
284 APPENDIX 
 
 ^Tcvc GOV jkpac eoTtTjr' dyXabv 
 aXXa d' kit' aXXov l^av 
 dyadcjv, noXXal d' bdo} 
 obv Oeocg ednpafcag, 
 
 Pindar, Ol. viii. 1-14. 
 
 Page ig8 
 
 Kol tot' kycvaxo nacda noXurponov, at{iuXo}xj^TT)Vj 
 Xrjiozfjp^ kXaxfjpa ^owv, Tjj-qTOp' bvecpwv, 
 voKToc onojnifjTTJpa, TiuXrjddKov, be Tcf;^' e/xeXXev 
 dfi(t>avkecv rXutol 'ipya /xez' dOavdzocac deolaev, 
 7jq>oc yeyovihc fjkoo) ^fiazi eyKiddpi^sv, 
 kankpioc PoOc KXei/fsv skyj^oXou 'AnoXXcovoc, 
 zezpddi zfj npozkpjj, zfj fjuv zsks nozvca Mala, 
 be Ka} knee dr) juTjzpdc dn' dOavdzojv Oops yuc(0Vj 
 
 OOKkzC df]pbv KZO jjkviOV kpi[) eve XcKVlOy 
 
 dXX' b f' dvou^ac CV'^^^ ^^^C ^ AnbXXujvog j 
 oudbv unep^aivajv dijfTjpe^koc dvzpoeo. 
 
 Homer, Hymn to Hermes, 13-23. 
 
 Page 200 
 (t) UeXonoc d npbaOev 
 
 TZoXunOVOC (TTTtSia, 
 
 a>c 'iptoXec oua^rj 
 
 zqde yq. 
 
 uz yap b novzcadelc 
 
 MupZcXoC K0i/idd7), 
 
 nayxpoaojv K de^pcjv 
 duazdvoic" aUiOic 
 npbppi^oc Kpi(f)d}c, 
 oIj zc no) 
 
APPENDIX 285 
 
 noXunovoc ouKca, 
 
 Sophocles, Electra, 504-515. 
 
 Page 201 
 
 npQC eudvdspLOV d* bre (f)uav 
 XdxycLc viv fskXav ykvecov epe^ov, 
 hoifiov ave^povuaev ydfiov 
 
 ncadza napa narpoc eudo$ov ^ Innoddp-ecav 
 
 axMjuev. dyx^ ^' '^Xd(j)V noXcdc dXdc dloc iv bp(f>vq 
 
 anuev ^apuKXUTzoD 
 
 Eoxpcacvav b d^ adzqt 
 
 nap nodi ax^dov (jidvi). 
 
 T(^ pkv BCTze' ' ' (Pikia dcbpa Kimpcag ay' e? xc, Iloaeidaov, 
 
 If Xdpcv 
 " rkXXerac, mdaaov eyxoc Ohojidou xdXKSov, 
 **/! d' knl raxuzdrajv nbpeoaov dpixdzajv 
 ^^ kg "Ahv, Kpdzec dk TzhXaoov. 
 ^^ knel Tpelc t Kal Ssk' dvSpac bXkaacc 
 ^* kpajvrac dva^dXXszac yd/xov 
 '^ duyarpbc* 
 
 wc 'ivvsnev odd^ dKpdvrocc k<j)dil}ax^ (Lv Imac. xbv fih 
 
 dydXXojv debf 
 WcjKev dccfypov ze ;f|0jJa0v nrepolah r^ aKdjaavrac 
 
 "cnnoug. 
 IXev d^ Ohofidou ^cav napdkvov re advsuvov' 
 
 Pindar, Ol. i. 67-88. 
 
286 APPENDIX 
 
 Page 203 
 
 'AXkcvooc dk tot' ^PX^} ^^^^ a^o fXTjdea eeddjc' 
 
 TOO fikv 'i^T} Tzpbc daj/xa Oea yXauKcbnc^ 'AOi/jvt), 
 
 vboTov 'Oduoafji fiefaX-qTopc firjTcdcoaa. 
 
 ^7j d' 'ifiev ic 6dXa/iov noXudcudaXov, w Ivc Koopr) 
 
 KOifxdT' ddavoLTTjai cpuijv koc eldog bfxocT), 
 
 NduacKaa, duyaTrjp fiEyaXrjTOpoc 'AkKivboiO, 
 
 nap dk du' dix<j>c7:oXoc, Xap'cTOJv dno KaXXoc 'ixouaac, 
 
 oTad/ioTiv kKaTcpde' dupac d' knkmcvTO (fxieivoi. 
 
 fj d' dvkjiou (he nvoci] knkaauTO dkfxva KoupTjCi 
 
 OTTJ d' dp' unkp Ke<j)aXTJc, Kac /uv Ttpbg fxodov hcnev, 
 
 '* NauacKda, t'c vu a' (Lde jiedi^pLOva yuvaTO fii^TTjp; 
 etnaTa pkv toc ks'ctou dKTjdka aeyaXbevTa, 
 ao( de ydfioc a^^dbv koTiv, *iva XP'O f^f^^d fjkv auTijv 
 evvuadacj rd dl Toiac napaax^ly oi Kk a' dfiovTOc, 
 K yap TOC TouTcov <f)dTc dvdpibnoog dva^ahee 
 kadXi], ;fai|00j>(7^v dl naTi)p Kal nbTVca fx-fjTTjp. 
 dXX' 'io/jLEV nXovkooaac dfi' 7jo2 (f)aivo/jLkv7)<f>r 
 KOC TOC kfoj ouvkpcdoc djj.' ((fOfiac, b(j)pa TaxcoTa 
 kvTuveac, knee o3 toc stc dijv napdkvoc 'iooeac' 
 rjdif) ydp as hvcovtoc dpcoTfjec 'f^'^a dfj/iov 
 ndvTOJV 0ac-qK(i)v, ode toc ykvog koTC koc auTjj. 
 dXX' ay' knbTpuvov naTspa KXuTbv 7jd>dc npb 
 T^ficbvoug Kac a/xa^av k(f)onXcaac, rj ksv dyrjoc 
 ^(jjoTpd T Kac nknXouc Kal prjysa ocyaXbevTa. 
 Kac dk aol wd' auTfj noXb KdXXcov ijk nbdeaacv 
 'ipXeodac noXXbv yap dnb nXuvoc ecac nbX-r}OC." 
 
 ^H iJjkv dp' wc ecnoOa' dnk^T) yXauKwncc 'AdrjVTj 
 OuXuptnbvd', bdc <f)aac dea)V edoc dacfyaXkc acel 
 ejufievac' oIjt' dvk^ocac TcvdaosToe oJjts noT' bpt^pu) 
 
APPENDIX 287 
 
 dederac oljre x^<^^ kncncXvaTac, dXXa fidX' aWpr) 
 Tzkmazac dvkcjyeXoc, huKr^ d^ eTzcdedpopLSV dcyX-q' 
 rq) eve xkpnovxac fxaKapec deol rjiiaza Tzdvza. 
 Ivd^ dnkpT) yXauKcbncc, knel dcenkcjypade Koupjj, 
 
 AoTCKa (?' ^Hojc fjXdev koOpovog, ^ fxcv 'iyeepe 
 NaoacKaav eunenXoV dcftap d' aTtedaujiaa' oveepoVj 
 pfj d' 'ifievou dcd dcop-ad' , ?y' dyj-siXece xoKeooCj 
 Ttaxpl <j)eXix) Kot p-TiTpc' KiXTjoazo d' Ivdov kovxag' 
 7) pkv en^ io^dpTj fjoro guv dp.(f)mbXocac yuvac^cVj 
 qXaKaxa ozpoj^iba^ dXcnopcpupa' rep dk dopa^e 
 kpxopkvip ^upLpXrjTO pszd KXeczobg paacXfjag 
 If l^ouXrjV, ^cva p.cv KdXeov QcurjKec dyauoc. 
 ij dk pdX' dfx^ azdaa (j)cXov nazkpa Ttpoakeene' 
 
 *' Ildnna <pX\ ouk dv d-q fxoc kcfyonXcaoecac dnrjvrjv 
 u(lf7jXr)v sBkukXov, 'iva KXuzd ecpiaz' dycojuae 
 kc nozafxbv nXuvkouaa, zd ptoi pepimcopkva Kelrae ; 
 Kal dk Gol adz(p socks pszd npojzococv kbvza 
 pooXdc pooXsuscv Kadapd xpoc stpaz^ exovza. 
 nsvzs dk zoc (j>cXoc ohc kvl pLsydpocc xsydaocVj 
 ol du* oKOiovzsc, zpslc d^ ifcOsoc OaXkdovzsg' 
 ol d^ alsl kdsXouac vsbnXoza scpaz^ sxovzsg 
 kc X^P^^ spx^odac' zd d^ kpji (ppsvl ndvza pkp-qXsv.^ 
 
 ^Qc <j>az^' a'idszo yap OaXspbv ydpov k^ovopfjvae 
 nazpl <j)iX(p' b dk Ttdvza vbsc Kal dpsi^szo p66cp' 
 
 '*Ouzs zoc Tjpcbvcjv <j)6ovka), zkKOC, oIjzs zsu dXXou. 
 IpX^^' dzdp zoc dpwsc s<f>07tXcoaooocv dn-QV-qv 
 u(f>T)X-^v sokokXov, unspzepcjj dpapucav.^^ 
 
 '^Qc i7^(i>v dpxbsoacv kKSKXszo, zoc d' kncOovzo. 
 ol pkv dp^ sKzbc djia^av kuzpoxov rjpcovscrjv 
 wnXsov, Tjfxcbvouc 6' unayov ^su$dv 6^ un^ dTrrjVj)' 
 Koupjj d^ kK daXdpoco ^kpsv kaOfjza (pascvrjv. 
 
288 APPENDIX 
 
 Kai TTjv pLsv KarkdjjKsv eu^kazqj etz' drn^vj), 
 fiTjTTjp d' kv KioTT) kxcdec pLSVoscKk' idojdijV 
 7cavTO7)v, v 3^ oipa Tidec, ev d' dlvov 'i^soev 
 doKO) kv alyecq)' Koupj) d' eTrsjST^aer' drr-^vrjC' 
 dojKev dk XP^^^Ii ^^ ^fjKudq) uypbv 'iXacov, 
 ^Of ;jfyT^oi(7a^To auv dii(j)in6Xocac yuvac^cv, 
 7) d' eXa^ev judaxiya Kot T}v'ca ocyaXUvxa, 
 fidarc^ev 3' kXdav Kavaxrj d' y)v rjfubvociv' 
 at d^ dfioTov xavuovTo, <j)kpov d^ iadfJTa Kal oiiTrjVj 
 OUK oirjv, apta ttj ye koi dji(j)C7toXoc k'cov aXXac. 
 
 At d' ore drj nora/xo'eo pbov neptKaXXV 'tKovro, 
 %vd^ ^ rot nXuvot ^aav kTrrjeravot, noXb d' udcop 
 KaXbv uneKKpopket ptdXa nep pimbcovxa KaOfjpatj 
 end' at y' Tjjutbvouc P-lv uneKnpokXuaav dnrjVTjc. 
 Kal rac p-lv oeuav Trorajibv ndpa dtv-qevra 
 zpcoyetv aYpioartv fisXtrjdka' rat d' dn' dnrjVTjc 
 eifiara x^P^^^ eXovTO Kot ia^bpeov pkXav udojp, 
 Gzel^ov d' h pbdpotot docbg eptda npocfykpouaat. 
 ODxdp knet nXuvdv re Kddrjpdv ze puna ndvza, 
 k^t7)c nkzaaav napd 6iv' dXbc, ^X^ fidXtaza 
 Xd'tYfag nozl x^P^^ov dTzonXuveoKe OdXaaaa. 
 a} dk Xoeaadpisvat Kat /|0^cTcf//va^ Xtn' eXatq) 
 detnvov enetd' eiXovzo nap^ bxdjjcrtv TrozapLOto, 
 iepLaza d' -qeXtoco pkvov zeparjjuevat auyfj, 
 auzdp ens} atzou zdp(f>dv d/juodt ze Kat abzi), 
 a^atpjj zai y^ ap^ 'inat^ov, dnb Kp-qdefxva j^aXouaat' 
 zfjat dk NauatKaa XeuKwXevoc rjpxs'^o noXnfjg. 
 dirj d' "ApzefjLtc ^^^^^ /f'r' oupsoc tox^atpa, 
 Tj Kazd T-quyezov TreptptTjKezov r) 'Epu/xavdov 
 zepnopkvr) ndnpotat Kal (OKsijjC kXd^oiat' 
 zfj dk 6' dfia vufi<j>ai, KoOpat Jtbc atytbxoto. 
 
APPENDIX 289 
 
 dypovofioi nac^ouoc jky-qOe dk re <j)pkva Aif)T(6' 
 naodcov d' unlp t) ye Kap-q e/s^ i^dk jaezajTza, 
 pfcd t' dpcyvcoTT) nkhrai, KaXal dk t ndaac' 
 wg Tj y^ d{i<j>c7:bXococ jie-cknpene napdkvog ddfxi/jc. 
 
 'AkX' ore dij dp' 'ijj.eXXe ndXcv olnovde veeaOac 
 ^eu^ao' Tmibvouc nru^aad re ecp.ara KaXd, 
 evd' ox)r' dW evofjoe Bed yXoLU/oLmc 'Adrjvrj, 
 wc 'Oduaeuc eypocro, 'Idoc r' euojncda Kouprjv, 
 rj oi (PairjKOJV dvdpcbv nbXcv T}jT}aacro. 
 o(j)atpav enecr' Ippcij^e p.er' d/j.(f>7toXov ^aacXeta' 
 d/jL^iTtoXoo jiev dfiapre, ^adeijj d' ep-^aXe divj), 
 a} d' knc paKpbv d'uaav, b d' eypero d~ioc 'Oduaaeuc, 
 k^bpevoc d' &ppave Kara <j>peva Kal Kara dopbv 
 
 *'"Q poc kfd), rkcov ojLtre j^porojv If 'j^a'eav iKavoj ; 
 ^ p' dc y' uppcarac re Kal dypcoc oude dUacoe, 
 fje ^cXb^ecvoc, Kac a<pv vbof earl Oeoudi^c ) 
 &C re pje Koupdiov dp(f)r)Xude OfjXug durifj, 
 vop'^diov, ai exoua' bpkojv acnecvd Kdp7)va 
 Kal nrj-jrdc norapwv Kal ncaea nocrjevra. 
 f) v6 noo dvdpojTZijJv elpl ox^^bv addrjevrcov ; 
 dXX' dx\ eyajv aurbc necpriaopac ijde 'cdojpac.*^ 
 
 "^Qg elnojv ddpvcjv uneduoero dloc 'Oduaaeuc, 
 
 opepdaXkoc d' anrfjoc (j>dvq KeKaKcopivof dXpj), 
 rp'eooav 3' dXXudcg aXXi) en' ijcbvac npouxouaac' 
 o*crj d' 'AXKcvboo duydrirjp pkve' rfj yap 'AdrjVJ} 
 ddpaoc evl (ppeal drjKe Kal eK deoc e^cXero yucojv. 
 arfj d' dvra oxopkvT)' b de pepp-qpc^ev 'Oduaaedc, 
 5 youvwv Xioaotro Xa^wv euionida Kouprjv, 
 i} aJjrwc eneeaacv dnoarodd pjecXcx^ocac 
 Xcaaotr\ el dec^ece nbXcv Kal eipara SoiTj. 
 
290 APPENDIX 
 
 a)C OLpa ol (j)povkovTc dodaaaro Kspdcov elvcu, 
 Xcaoeodac knkeoocv dnooxada fiecXcxiocac, 
 jar) ol youva Xa^bvxc xoXihaaczo <j)pkva Ko6pi), 
 ouziKa [lecXixcov koI KepdaXkov (j)dzo /iuOov' 
 
 ^TouvoO/iou as, dvaaaa' debg v6 zcg ij j^pozoc saa ; 
 ec fjkv zee Gebc kaoc, zol oupavbv eupbv 'ixouacv, 
 'Apzk/iidi o kyd) ;-, Acbc Koupj) p.eydXocOj 
 eldbc "TS jJ-kyedbc 'Z's ^orjv z^ aY/^(7Ta eeoKO)' 
 dk zee <7<7^ ppozcbv, zol knc x^ove vaizdouoe, 
 zpcojxdKapec pkv aoi ye nazijp koc nbzvca ii-qz'qpj 
 zpcGfidKapeg de Kaoiyvrjzor fxdXa nob o(j)coc dufxbc 
 ouev ku(j)poouvQOiv cacvezac iiveKa aelo, 
 Xeuoabvzwv zocbvde ddXoc /OjOoy daoix^waav. 
 Kfivog d^ olt Ttep} Kfjpc jxaKdpzazog 'i^oxov dXXojv, 
 be K a' kkdvoioc ppcoag dlKbvd' dydyrjzou. 
 ou ydp TZ(x) zocouzov kyd) Wov bcjiOaXfioiacv, 
 ouz^ dvdp' ouz yuvaiKa' ok^ag p.^ Xc caopbu)vza, 
 
 d>C okf ybvac, dyaptai z zkdrjnd Z ddcd z' acvcbc 
 yobvojv dilfaadar /a-^7rov dk pj nhdoc hdve. 
 X^^C^C Koaz(p (j>6yov r)paze divona nbvzov' 
 zb(j>pa dk pL* ahi Kup* <j>bpC Kpacnvai z duXXcu 
 VTjGOu an' 'Qyuyi7)c' vbv d' vddd Kdp^aX daipuojv, 
 ,'6(j)pa zi 7Z0U KOC Z7jd nddii) KaKbv ou ydp occo 
 Ttoi)aaQ\ dXV zt izoXXd Qo\ zXkouat TzdpoiQv, 
 dXXdj dvaaa\ lkacp' ol ydp KaKa noXXd poyrjoac 
 If npcbzrjv eKbprjv, zcbv d' dXXcov o3 ziva olda 
 dvdpcbncov, 0? zrjvd nbXtv Kal yaiav xouocv. 
 dazu dk poc d~i^ov, doc dk paKog dpcficPaXkodac, 
 ? zc Tzou cXupa oncp(x)v XC kyddd' louaa. 
 aol dk dol zbaa do~cv baa (f)pa} ajjae pvoivqCf 
 
APPENDIX 291 
 
 dvdpa re Kal ockov koI dpLO(j)poa6vT)v bndaecav 
 iadXi^V ou [ikv yap too ye Kpe'caaov Kal dpeioVj 
 Tj od^ b/io(j)povkovT voTjixaacv oIkov 'ixt^zov 
 dvrjp Tjdk yuv-q' noXX^ dXyea duaimvkeaac, 
 XdppLaza d' eunevhjjas' fidXcaxa dk z' 'inXuav ojjzoL*' 
 
 "H ^a, Kal diKJycnbXocacv kOnXoKdjiococ KsXeuae' 
 *'azfjzk pLOc, dii(j>inoXor noos (jyeuyeze <j>(i)za idouaai ; 
 ^ pLT) 7to6 zcva duafjvk(i)v <j>dod^ eiifxevac dvdpwv ; 
 ouK 'iad' ouzog dvijp dcepbg ^pozbc oudk ykvTjzac, 
 dc Kv 0a7jKOJV dvdpojv kc yacav "cKTjzae 
 drjcozfjza cjykpajv' fidXa yap (j)cXoe dOavdzocacv. 
 oUkoptev d' dndveude noXuKXuozcp ev} nbvzq), 
 eaxot-To:, oudk zcg dpLpLC ^pozcbv sTtifjuayezac dXXoc* 
 dXX^ bde zee duoz-qvog dXwjievoc hOdd^ hdvee, 
 zbv vov XPV Kopkecv npbc yap Acbc ^iotv dnavzec 
 $2voc z nzcoxoe re, dbocc d' bXcyr) ze ^eXt} ze. 
 dXXd dbz\ d[X(j>CTZoXoc , $vq) ^pibocv ze nbaiv t, 
 Xouoaze z' ev nozapupj od^ knl oKknag *iaz* dvp.oco.^^ 
 
 a>c (J-P^ T^ KazX(J x^P^'^ K(j>aXri ze Kal &iiocc. 
 'i(^T* 7zcz^ dndvud Kt(hv knl d'cva daXdaarjc, 
 KdXXl Kal x^P^^^ aziX^ojV 6t)7zo dk Kouprj. 
 di^ pa zbz^ dn(j)cnbXoeacv kuTtXoKdfiococ p.ZT)6da' 
 
 ^' KXOzk fiu, d/x(f)7zoXoi XUKd)Xvoi, b(j>pa zi Uticj. 
 00 Ttdvzojv dkKTjze d(x)Vj o^i *'OXofxzov *ixooa, 
 0aiifjKaa^ bd' dv-qp k7:c/xiayzai dvziOkocar 
 npbadV [ikv yap d-q [xoc dCKXog dkaz^ }vac, 
 vov dk do1aiv 0iK, zol oopavbv dpbv 'ixooacv. 
 a1 yap kjiol zoibod nbocg KeKXfj/jkvoc 'ir) 
 kvddde vacezdojv, koH ol ddoc auzbdc piiiveiv. 
 
292 APPENDIX 
 
 dXXd dor', djKJiinoXoi, ^eevqj ^pcbacv ze nbacv T." 
 "^Qc e<})ad\ (u d' dpa z^c fidXa jAv kXuov ijd' knc- 
 dovzOj 
 nap d^ dp* 'OduaoTJ'c 'ideaav ^pojacv ze nbacv ze. 
 ^ zoc b Ticve KOI f^ade noXozXac d'coc ^Oduaaeuc 
 dpTzaXkajg' dt)pbv yap idrjzuoc fjsv dnaazo^. 
 
 Auzdp NauacKaa XeuKcbXevoc dXX* kvbrjaev' 
 e'ijj.az' dpa nzu^aoa zcdec KaXrjc in' dnr)i^7)c, 
 ^eO^ev d' TjpLcbvouc KpazepiovoxaCf ^^ ^' '^^^ ouzt). 
 ojzpuvev d' 'Oduafja, Inoc z' e(j)az' sk t' bvbfiaC^ev 
 
 ^^"Opaeo drj vuv, ^ecve, nbXivd' 'c}iv, o<j>pa as nkiKpo) 
 Tcazpbc epLou npbg dcbfia d(U(j)povog, IvOa ok (j^rjpte 
 Tzdvzcov Oac-f]KU)v eidrjokjiev oaaoc dpcozoc. 
 dXXd fidX' (hd' epdecv doKsecc ^ /J-Oi ouk dncvuaaecV 
 8<pp' dv pkv k' dypobc 'io/iev Kac spy' dvO pcbnajv , 
 zb<j>pa GUV d{i<j)cnbXocac pjed' rjficbvouc Kac dpia^av 
 KapTtaXcficoc epx^oOac' kyo) d' bdbv rjYepLoveuoco. 
 ojjzdp enijv nbXcoc em^rjopiev rjv nkpc nupjoc 
 
 Tibv dXeeiVCO (f)rjfiiv ddeoKea, juif) zee bncoou) 
 fjLCDpteuT)' ptdXa d' dalv U7:ep(t>caXoc Kazd dij/iov' 
 Koi vb zee ^^' e'enjjoe KaKwzepoc dvze^oXrjaac' 
 '^zec d' bde NauaeKdq enezae KaXbc "^^ f^T^^ "^^ 
 ^e'evog ; nou dk p.ev edpe ; nbaec vy oe 'iaaezae odztj. 
 :5 zevd nou nXayx^^vza Kopiiaaazo ^c dnb utjoc 
 dvdpwv zi^XedanoJv, knee ou zeveg kfyudev eeaeV 
 ^ zee ol u$aj!ikvrj noXudpTjzoc Oebc ^Xdsv 
 oupavbdev Kaza^dc, e^ee dk [xev ^jaaza ndvza. 
 pkXzspov, d KODZT] Ttep knoexojikvT) nbaev ebpev 
 aXXodev' ^ yap zouode y' dzejid^ee Kazd dfjjaov 
 
APPENDIX 293 
 
 0aiTjKac, Toc fiiv nvcovzac noXkec re Kal eadXoe." 
 0)^ kpkooacVf /xol dk k' bvecdea xabxa ykvoixo, 
 
 evda Kade^ojievoc (Jsivac xpovov, etc o kcv tj/jsIc 
 doTude eXdcopLsv koc iKcbfj^Oa dwfiaza narpoc- 
 aurdp kn-qv Tj/ikac 'khzrj nort diofiar' d^lx^^f 
 KOC TOTS. 0arjKOJV ifiev if noXiv rjd' kphodac 
 dcofxara narpbc kfioO pYaXrii:opog 'AXkcvooco, 
 peia <5' dpiyvajT^ kaxl koc dv ndcg riYTjaaixo 
 vqncog. 00 pkv yap xc kocKora zocai TeruKzac 
 dcupLaza 0aiT)K(jjv, oiloc dofioc ^AXkcvooco 
 Tjpcooc. dXX' bnoz' dv o dbp-oc KSKudcoac Kal auXjj, 
 d)Ka /xdXa jasydpoco disXdkptev, b(j)p* di> ^ktjou 
 firjzkp' kp.T]V' fj d* ^azac eTt* ko/dpr) ev nupbg OLuyj), 
 TjXdKaza ozpojcjxha^ dXcnbp(j)upa, 6 anna IdkaOac, 
 Kcovc KKXi/xvr)' d/jupai dk ol TJar' oncaOev. 
 evda dk Ttazpbc kfioio Opbvog nozcKkKXizac auz^j 
 zq> b f OiVonozd^c k<j)ripvoc dddvazoc &C- 
 zbv 7tapaiiC(j)dp.vog pLTjzpbc Ttozl youvaac x^'^P^C 
 ^dXkcv fj/jizkpif)c, 'iva vbozcjxov ^{lap 'cd-qac 
 Xaipojv KapnaXcpjuJC, c Kal /idXa ZT}XbdV kaaL 
 [i Kkv zoc KiV7) y (j)iXa (j)povkr)G' kve Oopup, 
 kXKCopT) zoc 7Zcza <j)iXoog z' ldkcv Kal cKkaOac 
 oIkov kuKZijJsvov Kal arjv If Tzazpcda yalav.y' 
 
 '^Qc o,pa (fxovi^aaa^ *cp.aGv iidozcyc (j>acvf) 
 7)/xcbvouc' al d' coKa Xcnov nozafiolo pdpa. 
 al d^ 5 pkv zpihx(ii'^, ey ^1 TzX!caoovzo nbbGaiv, 
 7) dk /xdX* qvibx0v, OTZOJC dp.^ knocazo nC,ol 
 dp(j>7:oXoi t' 'Odua6c z' vbu) d' k7tk^aXXv IpdadXfjV 
 
 Homer, Odyssey, vi. 12-320. 
 
294 APPENDIX 
 
 Page 220 
 
 K p' daapuvdou /?df avdpac [ikxa olvonoxfipag 
 TjiU" NaooiKaa de deojv dno KaXXog exouaa 
 OTTJ pa napd ozadptdv zkyeoc nuKa nocrjToio, 
 daufxa^ev d' 'Oduofja kv b<j)daXiidcocv bpcbaa, 
 Kac fiiv (pcovTjaao' 'inea Tizeposvza npooTjuda' 
 
 ^'Xdcps, ^elv', "iva Kac noz' kwv kv nazpcdc yaHj) 
 fxvqar) epLsV, bzc fioc npwzj) ^wdypi' 6(f)kXXC'" 
 
 T-Qvd' d7zaiic^bpV0C npook^jj noXufi-qzcg 'Oduaaeuc' 
 '^ NauoiKda, Ouyazep ixeyaXiizopoc ^AXkcvooco, 
 OUZO) wv Zeuc Oecf], kpcydounoc nbocc ""Hprjc, 
 dcKodk z^ kXdk{jvac Kac voozcfiov ^/xap cdkadac' 
 zq) KV zoc Kal kscOc deep &c UXZO(piJ.ifjv 
 ousc T^paza ndvza' ou jdp p' e^cwaao, Kouprj.*^ 
 
 Homer, Odyssey, viii. 456-468. 
 
INDEX 
 
 Academus, precinct of, 31; 
 helps the Dioscuri, 32. 
 
 Academy, origin of, 32. 
 
 Achaea, 184. 
 
 Achamae, 35. 
 
 Acharnians, 90. 
 
 Acrisius, 135. 
 
 Acroceraunian mountains, 
 190 221. 
 
 Acrocorinthus, 74, 99, 107, 
 184; capture by Aratus, 
 102-105; changes in, 105. 
 
 Acropolis, 73, 78, 88, 141; 
 description of, 1-19; no 
 crow to light on, 2; Grotto 
 of Aglauros, 2, 3; capture 
 by Persians, 4; besieged by 
 Turks, 6; buildings on, 14- 
 18; flowers on, 14, 15; 
 Museum of, 16, 18; view 
 from, 17; seen from Colo- 
 nus, 25. 
 
 Aeacus, 64, 65, 67, 68. 
 
 Aegaleos, 35, 36. 
 
 Aegeus, death of, 10,. 
 
 Aegina, 25, 36, 89, 105; 
 seen from Parthenon, 17; 
 visit to, 60-74; origin of 
 name, 64-65; pestilence at, 
 65; conquest by Athens, 
 69; coins, 70; temple at, 
 68, 72. 
 
 Aeschylus, extracts from 
 Eum., 8-10, 161-162; from 
 Persians, 61-64, 82; from 
 
 Choeph., 92, 127-129; from 
 Agam., 107, 112, 113-115, 
 115-125, 125-127; 130, 
 131; from Prom., 132; 
 from Suppl., 170; from 
 Seven against Th., 177-179; 
 birthplace of, 37; inscrip- 
 tion, 79. 
 
 Aesop, death of, 146. 
 
 Aglaurus, (a) wife of Cecrops, 
 5; (b) daughter of Cecrops, 
 grotto of, 2, 3; opens chest 
 of Erichthonius, 2; turned 
 to stone, 3; self-devotion 
 of, 3. 
 
 Agamemnon, 107, 133, 148. 
 
 Aithyia, Rock, 91. 
 
 Alaric, 87. 
 
 Alcestis, 19. 
 
 Alcmaeonidae, build Delphic 
 Temple, 155. 
 
 Alcman, extract from, 98. 
 
 Alexander the Great, 175. 
 
 Alpheios, river, 189, 190. 
 
 Altis, at Olympia, 191. 
 
 Amphictyonic Council, Sa- 
 cred War by, 145; builds 
 temple, 155. 
 
 Amphissa, outrage of sacred 
 plain, 145. 
 
 Anakeion, 3, 
 
 Andritsos, Odysseus, walls in 
 the Clepsydra, 6. 
 
 Andromache, 191o 
 
 Andromedes, 68. 
 
296 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Anthemocritus, death of, 90. 
 Anthology, extracts, 101, 135, 
 
 147; Delphic oracle, 99. 
 Antigonus, 102. 
 Antirrhium, Golden Gate, 
 
 183. 
 Aphaea, temple of, at Aegina, 
 
 67, 68. 
 Aphrodite, sanctuary of, 6, 
 
 58. 
 Apollo, Grotto of, 6, 141; 
 
 Temple at Corinth, 100; 
 
 i'oumey to Delphi, 141; 
 lymns to, at Delphi, 148; 
 temples, 152, 154, 163; 
 Homeric hymn to, 156- 
 160; statue, at Olympia, 
 202. 
 
 ApoUodoms, 67, 94; extracts, 
 109, 185, 186. 
 
 Arachova, 166. 
 
 Aracynthus, 185. 
 
 Aratus, captures the Acroco- 
 rinthus, 102-104. 
 
 Arcadia, 191. 
 
 Archidamus, 36. 
 
 Areopagus, 7; fn. 32. 
 
 Arethusa, 189, 190. 
 
 Argolid, 132-140. 
 
 Argolis, 73, 98, 110. 
 
 Argos, 111, 132, 135, 137, 138. 
 
 Ariadne, 11. 
 
 Aristophanes, 35, 90, 174; 
 extracts from Clouds, 25, 
 26; from Frogs, 38, 39; 
 extract from Birds, 171; 
 fn. 19, 32. 
 
 Aristides, 37. 
 
 Artemis, Brauronia, 14; Dic- 
 tynna, 68. 
 
 Asclepios, precinct of, 18, 19, 
 
 Atalanta, 185. 
 
 Athamas, 94, 95. 
 
 Athene, Temple of, 1; forti- 
 fies Acropolis, 2; sacred 
 olive of, 4; sanctifies Areo- 
 
 pagus, 7; appeases Furies, 
 8; Promachos, statue of, 
 15. 
 
 Athens, 73, 85, 90, 111, 129, 
 176, 195; varied impres- 
 sions of, 20; return to, 54; 
 conquest of Aegina, 69; 
 treasure house at Delphi, 
 148. 
 
 Atreus, Treasury of. 111. 
 
 Attalus, 18. 
 
 Attica, 35, 36, 60, 91, 182. 
 
 Bacchylides, extracts, 186- 
 
 188 197. 
 Boeotia, 141, 169, 173, 176. 
 BotticeUi, 17. 
 Byron, 184. 
 
 Cadmus, 94, 95, 
 
 Callichorus, well of, 53, 
 
 Calydon, hunt at, 185. 
 
 Caryatides, porch of, 16. 
 
 Cassandra, 115. 
 
 Cassotis, spring, 155, 164. 
 
 Castalia, spring of, 146. 
 
 Cecrops, 2. 
 
 Ceos, 79. 
 
 Cephisus, 31, 32, 58. 
 
 Cephallenia, 189. 
 
 Ceramicus, The, walk 
 through, 21; Demosthenes 
 at, 175. 
 
 Cervantes, at Lepanto, 184. 
 
 Chaeronea, 176; battle of, 
 75, 145, 175; journey to, 
 172; birthplace of Plu- 
 tarch, 174; Lion of, 174. 
 
 Chapel of the Apostles, 6. 
 
 Charinus, 90. 
 
 Cicero, 37, 162. 
 
 Cirrha, visit to, 144. 
 
 Cithaeron, 73, 100, 141, 180. 
 
 Cladeos, 189. 
 
 Cleonae, 109, 
 
 Clepsydra, 6, 
 
INDEX 
 
 297 
 
 Colocythu, 31. 
 
 Colonus, walk to, 20; sung 
 
 by poets, 27-31. 
 Constantine, 149. 
 Constantinople, 149. 
 Copaic Lake, 173. 
 Corcyra, 202; visit, 203. 
 Corinth, 21, 96, 107, 109, 141, 
 
 142, 183, 184; visit to, 89- 
 
 106; modern, 100; Gulf of, 
 
 98, 101, 142, 144, 166, 183, 
 
 185. 
 Coroebus, Olympic victor, 
 
 196. 
 Corycian Nymphs, 165. 
 Crete, 10, 68. 
 Creusa, 152. 
 Crisa, destruction of, 144-145; 
 
 Bay of, 158. 
 Croesus, 133, 162. 
 Cronos, Hill of, 191. 
 Cryso, 145 
 Cyllene, 100, 144, 
 Cynaegiros, 86. 
 Cynosura, at Salamis, 74; 
 
 at Marathon, 80. 
 
 Danae, 135. 
 
 Danaides, 170. 
 
 Daphne, pass of, 6, 25, 54; 
 description of, 57, 58. 
 
 Daulia, 91; visit to, 170-172. 
 
 Delphi, 144, 145, 165, 166, 
 191, 195; Oracle of, 99; 
 visit to, 141-164; centre of 
 the world, 154; first priest- 
 ess, 162. 
 
 Demeter, Homeric Hymn, 
 40-53. 
 
 Demosthenes, funeral ora- 
 tion, 175; extract from, 
 175-176. 
 
 Deucalion, 93. 
 
 Diacria, 78. 
 
 Dionysus, 177; theatre of, 
 18, 19, 25; infant, 94, 198; 
 
 on Parnassus, 165; birth- 
 place of, 179. 
 
 Dioscuri, Temple of, 1, fn. 3; 
 coming to Athens, 32o 
 
 Dipylon, 20, 59. 
 
 Dirce, Spring of, 177. 
 
 Dorpfeld, Dr., 6, 141, 189. 
 
 Echecheiria, Truce of God, 
 
 196. 
 Echetlos, 83, 84. 
 Egypt, 186. 
 
 Eileithyia, precinct of, 4, 
 Electra, 112. 
 Elgin, Lord, 10. 
 Eleusis, 54, 89, 141; journey 
 
 to, 35; town, 36; origin 
 
 of name, 37. 
 Elis, 191. 
 Epeios, 172. 
 
 Erechtheum, 3, 14, 15-17. 
 Erechtheus, fight with 
 
 Eumolpus, 54 ; S w i n - 
 
 bume's " Erechtheus," 56. 
 Erichthonius, hidden in chest, 
 
 2. 
 Erymanthus, 189. 
 Euboea, 80, 84, 139, 169, 
 
 182. 
 Eumenides, 8. 
 Eumolpus, 54. 
 Euphorbus, shield of, 135. 
 Euripides, extract, HeracL, 
 
 87; Ion, 5, 53, 149-154; Iph. 
 
 AuL, 10; Tro., 16; Medea, 
 
 33, 96, 142-144; Palam., 
 
 139, 140; Phoen., 146-147; 
 
 Bacchae., 180-181; frag's, 
 
 137; Erechtheus, 55, 56; 
 
 Phaeton, 170. 
 Euripus, 78, 84, 182. 
 Eurystheus, 87, 109. 138. 
 
 Furies, 7. 
 
 Geraneia, 73, 92, 93, 97. 
 Glyptothek, Munich, 72. 
 
298 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Grotto, of Apollo, 6, 141; 
 of Pan, 4, 6; Pluto, 40; 
 Corycian, 165, 166. 
 
 Hagia Marina, 64. 
 
 Halcyon Lake, 98 
 
 Harma, 141. 
 
 Hawthorne, 135. 
 
 Helen, 32, 148. 
 
 Helicon, Mount, 100, 105, 
 169, 174, 176. 
 
 Helle, 95. 
 
 Hera, 138; punishes Aegina, 
 65; anger against Ino, 94; 
 Temple, 133; Acraia, Rock 
 of, 142. 
 
 Heracles, 93, 109, 187, 189, 
 200; children of, 87; labors 
 of, 138. 
 
 Heraeum, in Argolis, 133, 
 135; at Olympia, 192. 
 
 Hermes, 3; statue by Prax- 
 iteles, 192, 198, 199. 
 
 Herodotus, 4; extracts, 57, 
 58, 84-86, 133-134. 
 
 Herophile, Sibyl, 148. 
 
 Herse, 2. 
 
 Hexamilia, 107. 
 
 Hipparchus, 32. 
 
 Hippias, 84. 
 
 Hippocrene, 105. 
 
 Hippodameia, 200. 
 
 Hippodrome, 195. 
 
 Homer, 111, 155, 189; ex- 
 tract, Iliad, 192-194; Od., 
 16, 95-96, 189, 203-221. 
 
 Homeric Hymns, Demeter, 
 40-53; Apollo, 154, 156- 
 160; Hermes, 198. 
 
 Howe, Dr. S. G., 107. 
 
 Hyampeia, at Delphi, 146, 
 161. 
 
 Hygeia, fountain of, 19. 
 
 Hymettus, 33, 73, 77, 78. 
 
 Ictinus, 39. 
 Ida, 12. 
 
 Iliad, see Homer. 
 Inachus, 132. 
 Independence, War of, 6, 
 
 165, 184, 185. 
 Ino, 94. 
 lo, 132. 
 Ion, 149. 
 
 Ionian Islands, 189. 
 Iphigenia, 112. 
 Isocrates, 175. 
 Isthmus, 98, 99, 195. 
 Itea, 141, 144. 
 Ithaca, 189. 
 Itys, 170. 
 
 John, Don, of Austria, 184. 
 Julian, the Apostate, 163. 
 
 KttACT? ZkuU, 93, 165. 
 Kastri, 145. 
 Kerata, 36, 37, 89. 
 Kiona, Mount, 146, 164. 
 Kirphis, 166. 
 
 Laconia, 110. 
 Learchus, 94. 
 Lepanto, Battle of, 184. 
 Lerna, marsh of, 138; Hydra 
 
 of, 138. 
 Lesche, Cnidian, 163. 
 Leucadia, 189. 
 Leucothea, 94, 203. 
 Lycabettus, 2, 17. 
 Lycurgus, 83. 
 Lysicrates, 19. 
 
 Macaria, 87. 
 
 Macedon, 175. 
 
 Maenads, 165. 
 
 Makrae, *4ong rocks," 4. 
 
 Marathon, 4, 148; visit to, 
 
 77-78; Soros, 81; Lion of, 
 
 174. 
 Marmaria, 161, 164. 
 Medea, 142. 
 Megara, hostility to Athens, 
 
 89, 90. 
 
INDEX 
 
 299 
 
 Megarian Decree, 90. 
 
 Megaris, 93. 
 
 Megaros, 93. 
 
 Meleager, 186. 
 
 Melicertes, 94, 95. 
 
 Menelaus, 135. 
 
 Milton, ode, 98; sonnet, 175. 
 
 Minoa, Rock, 91. 
 
 Minos, of Crete, 10, 68, 91, 
 
 92. 
 Missolonghi, heroism of, 184; 
 
 Byron at, 185. 
 Mohammed II, 149. 
 Molurian Rocks, 94. 
 Moriae, 32. 
 Mummius, 101. 
 Munychia, 60. 
 Muses, 174. 
 
 Mycenae, visit to, 107-131. 
 Mysteries, Eleusinian, 37. 
 
 Naupactus, 184. 
 
 Nauplia, 107, 110, 132, 139; 
 
 Bay of, 138; origin of 
 
 name, 138; history, 140. 
 Nauplios, 139. 
 
 Nausicaa, Story of, 203-221. 
 Nemea, 109, 110. 
 Nemesis, statue of, 81. 
 Nephele, 95. 
 Nero, begins canal at Corinth, 
 
 99; at Delphi, 148. 
 Nik6 Apteros Temple, 10; 
 
 three Graces on, 12. 
 Nik6 of Paeonius, 198, 202. 
 Nisaea, 91. 
 Nisus, 91. 
 
 Odeum, 18. 
 
 Odysseus, 139, 140, 189, 203- 
 
 221. 
 Odyssey, see Homer. 
 Oeax 139. 
 Oedipus, 19, 28, 162, 167, 177, 
 
 179. 
 Oenomaus, 200. 
 
 Oenone, 64. 
 
 Olympia, visit to, 183-202; 
 rivers of, 189-190; ruins 
 at, 193; treasure-houses 
 at, 195; stadium at, 195; 
 games at, 195-198. 
 
 Omphalos, at Delphi, 155. 
 
 Orchomenos, 169. 
 
 Orestes, 7, 162. 
 
 Ovid, extracts from Metam., 
 65-67, 92, 94, 170. 
 
 Palamedes, 139. 
 
 Pallas, Pronaia, 161. 
 
 Pan, grotto of, 4, 6; worship 
 at Athens, 78; on Parnas- 
 sus, 165. 
 
 Panachaicon, 188. 
 
 Panaetolium, Mount, 185. 
 
 Panathenaic procession, 15. 
 
 Pandion, 91. 
 
 Pandroseum, 4, 16. 
 
 Pandrosus, 3, 4. 
 
 Panopeus, 172. 
 
 Paralos, fn. 14. 
 
 Parnassus, 100, 141, 165, 166, 
 167, 174, 176; visit to, 
 145-164. 
 
 Parnes, Mount, 25, 60, 73; 
 tunnel of, 182. 
 
 Parthenon, 13, 15, 17, 18. 
 
 Patras, 183, 188. 
 
 Pausanias, 6, 15, 16, 64, 65, 
 69, 81, 87, 93, 95, 105, 148, 
 161, 174, 192; extracts, 10- 
 11, 83, 190-191, 200. 
 
 Pegasus, 105. 
 
 Pelasgians, 6, 7. 
 
 Peleus, 69. 
 
 Pelopidas, 102. 
 
 Peloponnesian War, 35, 36. 
 
 Peloponnesus, 17, 77, 99, 183, 
 188. 
 
 Pelops, 19, 99, 111, 200. 
 
 Pentelicus, 73, 78, 86. 
 
 Pentheus, 179. 
 
300 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Pericles, 14, 90; funeral ora- 
 tion, 22. 
 
 Perseus, birth of, 135-136. 
 
 Persian War, 2, 149. 
 
 Phaeacians, 203 ff. 
 
 Phaedriades, 146. 
 
 Phemonoe, 162. 
 
 Phidias, 15, 73, 81; statue of 
 Zeus, 192. 
 
 Phidippides, 86. 
 
 Philip of Macedon, 145, 174. 
 
 Philomela, 170. 
 
 Philostratus, 141. 
 
 Phocis, origin of name, 69. 
 
 Phoebus, 163. 
 
 Phormio, 184. 
 
 Phrixos, 95. 
 
 Phyle, 35. 
 
 Pindar, 12, 13; extracts, 70, 
 71, 95, 110; from Threnoi, 
 37; from 01., 195-196, 197, 
 201-202; at Delphi, 155. 
 
 Piraeus, 17, 36, 75, 141. 
 
 Pirene, fountain of, 100, 105. 
 
 Pisistratus, 3. 
 
 Plataea, 82, 85; tripod at 
 Delphi, 149, 154. 
 
 Plato, 31; at court of Diony- 
 sius, 32; extract from 
 Phaedo, 11, 12; from 
 Republic, 33. 
 
 Pleistos, river, 145, 166. 
 
 Plutarch, fn. 3, 90; birth- 
 place of, 174; capture of 
 Acrocorinthus, 102-105. 
 
 Pluto, grotto of, 40. 
 
 Polygnotus, 14, 163. 
 
 Poljrxena, fn. 14. 
 
 Poseidon, 138. 
 
 Procne, 170. 
 
 Prometheus, 19, 24. 
 
 Propylea, at Athens, 13, 14; 
 at Eleusis, 39. 
 
 Proserpine, 40. 
 
 Protogenes, fn. 14. 
 
 Prytaneima, 1. 
 
 Psittaleia, 74. 
 
 Pylas, 91. 
 
 Pythagoras, 135. 
 
 Pythia, 144, 155; shrine of 
 
 149; origin of name, 157; 
 
 influence of oracles, 162. 
 Pythian games, 145; stadium 
 
 of, 163. 
 Pythion, 141. 
 Pytho, 157. 
 
 Quintus Smyrnaeus, extract, 
 172-173. 
 
 Rhadamanthus, 68. 
 Rhamnus, 81. 
 Rheitoi, 54. 
 
 Rhium, " Golden Gate," 183, 
 185. 
 
 Sacred Way, 31, 54, 58, 148, 
 161, 166; built by Theseus, 
 141. 
 
 St. Paul, 7. 
 
 Salamis, 17, 25, 60, 74, 80, 
 82, 89, 91, 141; Atheni- 
 ans flee to, 4; return from, 
 7; Bay of, 36; Telamon 
 at, 69. 
 
 Saronic Gulf, 142. 
 
 Scheria, 203. 
 
 Schliemann, 111. 
 
 Scholia on Dramatists, 138. 
 
 Sciron, 93. 
 
 Scironian Cliff, 93, 97. 
 
 Scylla, treachery of, 91. 
 
 Shelley, 190. 
 
 Sicily, 189. 
 
 Sicyon, 102, 104, 184. 
 
 Simonides, 79; inscription, 
 79; epitaph from, 80; 
 elegy from, 97; extracts, 
 99, 136, 163. 
 
 Sisyphus, 105. 
 
 Socrates, 19, 162, 163; sculp- 
 tor, 12. 
 
INDEX 
 
 301 
 
 Solon, at Croesus's court, 
 133; destroys Crisa, 145. 
 
 Sophocles, extracts, Oed. 
 Col., 27, 28, 38; Oed. 
 Tyr., 167-169, 179; Electra, 
 171, 199-200; Ajax, 74; 
 Antig., 165; frag., 137. 
 
 Soros, at Marathon, 81. 
 
 Spartans, 32, 35, 86. 
 
 Sphintharos, 155. 
 
 Sphinx, Theban, 177. 
 
 Stoa, at Delphi, 148. 
 
 Strabo, 98. 
 
 Sunium, 73, 86. 
 
 Swinburne, 56, 188. 
 
 Sx^rr^ 656^, " Triple Road," 
 169. 
 
 Symonds, 101. 
 
 Tanagra, 182. 
 Tantalus, 129. 
 Telamon, son of Aeacus, 64, 
 
 68, 69. 
 Tempe, Vale of, 154. 
 Tereus, 170. 
 
 Thebes, visit to, 177-182. 
 Theocritus, 12. 
 Thermopylae, 79, 82. 
 
 Theseum, 21. 
 
 Theseus, 83, 93; sails for 
 
 Crete, 10, 11; carried ofif 
 
 Helen, 32; killed Tortoise, 
 
 94; punished Sinis, 97; 
 
 built Sacred Way, 141. 
 Thothmes III, 133. 
 Thrasybulus, 35, 102. 
 Thriasian Plain, 35, 36. 
 Thucydides, extract from, 22- 
 
 24. 
 Thyestes, 112. 
 Timon, fn. 24. 
 Tiryns, 87, 109, 111, 138. 
 Tower of the Winds, 6. 
 Treasure-houses, at Olympia, 
 
 195; at Delphi, 148. 
 Triple Roads, The, 167, 169. 
 Troy, 107, 112, 133, 138, 
 
 139. 
 Tyre, 147. 
 
 Wordsworth, 82. 
 
 Zemeno, 167. 
 
 Zeus, Temple at Olympia, 
 
 191, 192, 198; statues at 
 
 Olympia, 192, 195. 
 
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