THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ' THE REPORTER'S MANUAL YOCABULARY. BY BENN PITMAN AND R . P . PR O S SE R , A . B. PUBLISHED BY BENN PITMAN; PHONOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE, COR. FIFTH & JOHN; 1855. Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1853, BY BEXN PITMAN AND R. P. PROSSER, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Ohio. Stereotyped by C. F. O'DRISCOLL, Cincinnati, Ohio. TO ISAAC PITMAN. ESQ. , THE INVENTOR OF PHONOGRAPHY, BY WHOSE GENIUS, ENERGY, AND SACRIFICES, THE SYSTEM HAS BEEN BROUGHT TO ITS PRESENT STATE OF COMPARATIVE PERFECTION, THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY AND AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED BY THE AUTHORS, BENN PITMAN. R. P. PROSSER. Phonographic Institute, Cincinnati, 0. January, 1854. INTRODUCTION. 1 . The present work consists of the following divisions: 1st. An Exposition of the principles of abbreviation, employed in Phonographic Keporting, and practical hints to aid the student in the acquirement of Verbatim Writing. 2nd. A Vocabulary of Reporting Grammalogues, Contracted Words, Phraseograms, Words of Common Occurrence, or Difficult Formation, and Words that may be written in two or more ways, (one only of which is admissible,) alphabetically arranged. 3rd. A Series of Progressive Exercises, wherein the Phonographer is gradually led from the simplest to the most abbreviated style of Phonographic Reporting. 2. The advantages secured by an alphabetical list of the materiel employed in Phonographic Reporting, are so apparent, that it is sur- prising such an arrangement has not been previously adopted. The Vocabulary contains all that is to be found in Mr. Isaac Pitman's Reporter's Companion, together with a variety of Phraseography, Ab- breviations, etc., which have been used and satisfactorily tested by the ablest Phonographic Reporters, but which have not heretofore found their way into any printed list. 3. When the student of Phonography has mastered the elementary style, and is filled with ardor to gain that ease and dashing free- dom which must be acqtiired, ere the fluent speaker can be chased with success, he finds each successive step attended with embarrass- ment and toil. He attempts to write from dictation, but, probably, for every alternate word he has to search the Eeyorter's Companion for the best and briefest mode of writing it. With no assistance, save that derived from published books, the progress of the student is ne- METHOD OF PRACTICE. cessarily tardy: the time spent in practising is not productive of th satisfactory results that might, by other means, be obtained; and un- less he be endowed with unusual perseverance, the long cherished hope of being a verbatim writer, may be relinquished in despair. 4. A work is needed which shall not only provide the Reporter with a standard of reference, but which shall furnish the learner with a se- ries of reporting exercises, so simply and progressively arranged, that if lie reads and copies them according to the directions given, he can- not fail to acquire rapidity and ease in far less time than would he pos- sible without them. That object, it is believed, is attained in the present work. METHOD OF PRACTICE. 5. The progressive lessons in the third section of this work, are the first exercises that will engage the attention of the learner. The proficient may glance at them; he may even allow his fingers to trace the forms in sheer enjoyment of the marvellous beauty and complete- ness which the system has attained; but the student will write, and re-write them. He must write each sentence, twenty, fifty, nay, one hundred times. He who has to acquire the art of verbatim writing, will make it a rule never to leave a word or phrase till it can be writ- ten with ease. To pass from one sentence to another, before it is thoroughly mastered, is idleness; to expect that freedom of execution will be acquired by so doing, is folly. Happily, there is a way to become proficient in this much coveted art; but from personal expe- rience, we know the extreme difficulty of inducing the majority to accept this one way as their method of practice. It is the one we have named; and its adoption will make the entire difference between those who succeed, and those who do not. 6. The Student must not however permit his desire to write rap- idly, exceed his determination to write correctly. He will be hin- dered rather than forwarded if he writes in so careless a style as to render his manuscript illegible. The same rule holds in short- hand as in long-hand; he that first learns to write well, will, in the course of time, write both well and quickly ; whereas he that at the commencement, aims at swiftness, regardless of truth of form, will never write well; and though he may write quickly he will never METHOD OF PRACTICE. be able to read what he writes with aiiy certainty; and if he cannot do this he might almost as well not write at all. 7. Brief sentences have been chosen for the first exercises in re- porting, that they may be easily retained in the memory, so that the mind may not be distracted with the matter, when it should be enga- ged in the study of its form. The student will first copy them, sen- tence by sentence in the way we have recommended; and when he is perfectly familiar with the entire lesson, he may write it, from another person's reading. The whole of the lessons and addresses contained in this work must be written out in this manner, after which, the best practice will be to write from another's dicta- tion. An hour's practice in this manner is more beneficial than a whole day's copying from a book. Where there are not frequent op- portunities for reporting sermons, etc., a reader for private practice is indispensible. It is sometimes difficult to find a friend for this purpose, but an intelligent lad may be obtained, who, for a trifling compensation will gladly read for an hour or two daily. 8. When the phonographcr first essays to report a sermon or lec- ture, he will most likely be unable to secure it entire. His determi- nation should be, to take down only so much as can be readily deciphered afterwards. To write a word here and there, or to take down portions of sentences, breaking off in the middle of one and commencing another with the speaker, is highly objectionable: the student's object should be to secure complete sentences, if by so doing he only writes one in ten. By the latter plan, he will be able to read what he writes; the sense of the speaker will be secured, as far as the report extends; the mind will be called into more active exercise, and the art of verbatim writing will be more speedily attained. 9. In reporting speeches, the student should accustom himself to write several words behind the speaker. In following rapid speak- ers, this will sometimes necessarily be the case, and unless he has accustomed himself to do so in his usual reporting, he will now ex- perience some difficulty in recovering lost ground. A practised writer should be able, when necessary, to write twelve or fifteen words behind the speaker. 10. The Reporter will derive great assistance in deciphering his notes if he accustoms himself to leave spaces in writing, correspond- ing with the pauses made in speech. 8 PROPER INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USE. 11. Facility in reading is as essential as rapidity in writing; the latter, indeed, will prove of little utility without the former. To this end, eveiy report should be read after being taken and all errors care- fnlly noted, that they may not be repeated. When reports are to be laid aside for future reading, it is advisable to vocalize all doubtful words, so that the report may be easily deciphered when the subject of the discourse is forgotten. 12. The Reporting Grammalogues, Contractions, etc., are most ea- sily committed to memory by forming short sentences, including as many of them as possible, and writing each sentence nntil every word in it is thoroughly mastered. The following may serve as examples: His principle is to perfect himself by practice: The baseness of his business transactions accounts for his absence: Perhaps it was for this purpose he declined our proposition: It is a pity that piety should not be in better repute. 13. Before the Phonographer has mustered sufficient courage to use his reporting case in church, or in the lecture-room, he may with great advantage, attempt to follow the speaker by tracing the phono- graphic outlines upon his knee, with his forefinger. He may also, in imagination, or with his finger, trace the words of the hymn as it is sung by the choir. Occasionally, portions of the conversation of those around may be written down in the same manner. PROPER INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USE. 14. The Phonographer should, in his practice, accustom himself to the occasional use of both pen and pencil. For practical reporting there is nothing so effective as a gold pen, when a good and suitable instrument can be obtained. As a general rule, we recommend the nse of the pencil when notes have to be taken upon the knee, but pen and ink when a table or desk is provided. Pencil writing is not quite so legible as notes taken in ink; and if they have to be trans- cribed by night, as is often the case with professional reporters, the eyes will be less liable to be affected by the strain required in deci- phering them. 15. The opinions of phonographers are divided as to the best me- thod of holding the pen or peucil. Our own conviction is, that with an equal amount of practice, it is decidedly the better plan to hold it PRINCIPLES OF ABBREVIATION between the first and second fingers, keeping it in place by a slight pressure of the thumb. Were phonographic strokes inclined in a uni- form direction, as is the case in ordinary long-hand, it would be bet- ter to hold the pen or pencil in the usual manner, that is, between the thumb aud first finger; but as the most frequently recurring lines in Phonography are struck in a vertical, or horizontal direction, or slope down towards the right, the pen or pencil should be held as we have suggested. In this position there is a much freer action of the muscles of the hand, and less liability of fatiguing the thumb and fingers when a lengthy report has to be taken. 16. In transcribing notes, and indeed for all ordinary writing, where speed and distinctness are of importance, it will be found to be the better plan to hold the pen or pencil as here recommended, keep- ing the elbow out, as for drawing, or in that position in which a ver- tical line is most easily struck, writing an upright or what is termed a back hand. Far greater speed, ease, and distinctness are thus ob- tained than by following the usual practice. 17. Reporting Covers, that is, stiff, leather covered cases, for hold- ing the reporting paper, with an elastic baud stitched to the back for keeping the paper in place, about 8% in. by 4%, will be needful for the Reporter, furnishing the most convenient desk to lay upon the knee when taking notes. These cases open lengthwise, and notes should be taken only on the lower leaves. When the paper is filled up in one direction, the writer will commence at the other end, following the same plan. PRINCIPLES OF ABBREVIATION. 18. The reporting system of Phonography, has, by the suggestions of thousands of practical writers, been brought to a state of wonder- ful and beautiful completeness. In it will be found none of those arbitrary contractions and symbols which abound in every system of mere shorthand, and which have io be multiplied a hundred-fold by every stenographic reporter, before he is enabled to follow a fluent speaker with success. Phonography is equal to the requirements of the language, and hence there is no necessity to resort to this unsatis- factory method of writing words. Indeed the admission of a single arbitrary character into the system, would be an evidence of its insuf- 10 HUXCIPLES OF ABBREVIATION. ficiency to represent the language with alphabetic consistency. 19. The rejection of the Romanic, and the substitution of a strict- ly Phonetic alphabet, as the basis of Phonography, marks an epoch in the history of Stenographic writing. This consistency, happi- ly, is not gained by a sacrifice of brevity. Phonography combines a brevity and legibility far exceeding that attained by any system of shorthand ever devised. Phonographic Reporting now pn-- legibility, which, a few years ago, even to its inventor seemed impos- sible of attainment. In deciphering a page of Phonographic report- ing, with scarcely a single vowel inserted, there is almost the same certainty and ease, as in reading the ordinary long-hand. 20. The Reporting System of Phonography depends for its brev- ity and legibility upon the adoption of the following principle: 1st. Writing words in three positions; by which means the pri- mary vowel in a given word, may be indicated without being actually inserted. 2nd. An extensive use of Phraseography; that is, the joining of two or more words into phrases without lifting the pencil from the paper. 3rd. The nse of contractions, or portions of long words, such con- tractions being, in most cases, suggestive of the omitted portion of the word. 4th. Writing words containing the same consonants, by a differ- ence of position, or of outline. 21. The doubling of curved consonants adds thr, also the grarn- malogues their or there. A variety of brief and useful phrases are thus obtained; such as, will there or their, are there, when there, etc. See Lesson 4. 22. The, the most frequent word in the English language, may be conveniently joined to a number of words, by a short slanting stroke, written either upwards or downwards, according as it forms the most acute angle. See Reporting Exercises. 23. The connective phrase of the, which merely indicates that the following noun is in the possessive case, is intimated by writing the words between which it occurs, near to each other. See Lesson 5. POSITIONS OF WORDS. 11 POSITIONS OF WORDS. 24. The Corresponding Style of Phonography is written on a line, either real or imaginary, which runs at the base of single up- right characters, a difference of position being recognized only for horizontal and half-sized consonants. In the Reporting Style how- ever, three positions are recognized for all characters; the position of a word being determined by its primary or accented vowel. Words containing first place vowels, occupy the first position; those with sec- ond place vowels, occupy the second position; and those with third place vowels, the third. By the adoption of this plan, few or no vowels need be inserted, and yet the writing be perfectly legible. 25. To secure this legibility, paper ruled with double lines, about an eighth of an inch apart, must be used. Those who are accustom- ed to a large style of writing, require the lines somewhat wider apart. By the use of double line paper, alone, can accuracy be combined with brevity; and its use tends to greater uniformity in writing. We have generally found the writing of those Reporters who have habit- ually used plain, or single line paper, wanting in neatness and preci- sion. The reporting of MR. HENRY PITMAN, MR. REED, of London, and other rapid writers we could name, (who have for some years been accustomed to double line paper,) is characterized by extreme neatness and regularity. 26. FULL SIZED UPRIGHT, AND SLOPING CHARACTERS, are written, Through the upper line, for the first position; Between the lines, for the second position; Through the lower line, for the third position. HORIZONTAL AND HALF SIZED CHARACTERS, ai'6 written, Immediately below the upper line, for the first position; Resting on the lower line, for the second position; Immediately below the lower line, for the third position. V3T These positions refer to single consonants, or to the first consonant in combinations. 27. It will be observed that no half-sized upright, or sloping character is written through the upper line: this is reserved for the 12 GENERAL RULES FOR WRITING. first position of full-sized characters. No horizontal character is written above the upper line. In the English publications it is re- commended to write the third place half-sized characters through the lower line; greater distinctness, however, is secured, by writing them immediately below. 28. In determining the position which words should occupy, more especially of upright and sloping combinations, it must be borne in mind that the first and third positions are generally less con- venient than the second. To write such words as, decide, derive, in the first position, and gravity, newspaper, in the third, would be an inconvenience in writing that would not be counterbalanced by greater ease in reading. In all other cases where an unvocalized word can be determined only by the position it occupies, as, for example, real, roll, rule, etc., it is advisable to adhere strictly to the rule of vowel-position. GENERAL RULES FOR WRITING. 29. Words containing only a single stroke phonograph, that are not grammalogues, should, as a rule, be vocalized. For instance, P, in the first position, represents weep, and when such comparatively rare words as paw, pie, pea, occur, it is the safest plan to insert the vowel. 30. In those few words in which a vowel occurs before and after a single consonant, as obey, awry, write both vowels, if possible. If, however, only one can be written, the accented vowel should be ex- pressed. (See "obey," "obeyed," etc. Yocab.) If one' vowel is single, and the other double, the latter should be written, whether accented or not. (See "idea," etc. Vocab.) 31. INITIAL VOWELS. In words commencing with a vowel, if of two or more consonants, the initial vowel should be written, whe- ther accented or not. This rule, of course, does not include the numerous words of this class to be found in the VOCABULARY, the outlines of which are sufficiently distinct, as they are written, to pre- vent confusion. Nor does it apply to words commencing with the stroke S, L, or E, where the presence of an initial vowel is indicated by the outline. 3%. TERMINATING ZD. Words terminating with the sound zd, GENERAL RULES FOR WRITING. 13 as canned, pleased, etc., are best with the circle and d, rather than the thickened loop. (See "caused," etc., Vocab.} 33. TERMINATION ING. When the termination ing follows the circle s, as in commencing, expressing, etc., it is generally the best plan to use the consonant ing. 34. PRESENT AND PAST TENSES. The present and past tenses of verbs, that are represented by logograms and contractions, may usually be written alike. (See " astonish- ed," " represent-ed," etc., Vocab.) Subjected should be written with an added d, that it may not clash with subject. If a logogram represents the whole of the consonants in a word, it should be shortened for the past tense. (See "occasion-ed," etc., J'ocai.) 35. PREFIXES CON. AND COM. The dots for the Prefixes con, com, and accom, together with the terminations ly, and ing, may fre- quently be omitted, without any danger of illegibility. They should however, be written in short words; such as convey, contest, truly, etc. 36. FIGURES. Figures are best written with the ordinary numer- als. Their distinctive character renders them conspicuous amongst the Phonographic writing: a great advantage when notes have to be often referred to. One, two, and three, when used separately, should generally be written by their phonographs. When several noughts occur, it is a saving of time for the number represented by them to be expressed in Phonography. (See Lesson 5.) 37. SCRIPTURE REFERENCES. In quotations from the Scriptures, it is best to indicate the Book, Chapter, and Verse, by writing the Book or Epistle in the first position, the Chapter in the second, and the Verse in the third. This will prevent any danger of ambiguity, which might otherwise arise from the different order in which these are often given by the speaker. 38. OMISSIONS. Should a word te heard indistinctly, or any doubt arise as to its correctness, the fact may be indicated by striking an oval around it, or by making a cross beneath it. If a word, or part of a sentence should be entirely lost, a caret may be made, and a space left, in proportion to the number of words omitted. 39. CAN AND CANNOT. As the phonographs for can and cannot, when they are used in Phraseography, differ only in length, can should be rather longer, and cannot, rather shorter, than usual, to 14 GENERAL RULES FOR WRITING. prevent the possibility of mistaking one word for the other. 40. INITIAL AND. A short horizontal stroke, about the length of a stroke vowel, prefixed to another word, when such a stroke will form a convenient angle therewith, is used to express and. It should however, be used somewhat sparingly, and only when the writer perceives that it will not lead to uncertainty in reading. This stroke may also be joined to the tick the, and the frequently recurring phrase and the, be represented thus " =- ". 41. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE WORDS. Positive and negative words containing the same consonants, are thus distinguished; When the word commences with r, (except this letter is followed by m,) write the upward r for the positive word, and the downward r for the negative. (See "responsible," "irresponsible;'' "resolute," " irresolute." Vocab. ) In all other cases, not found in the VOCABULARY; the initial vowel in the negative must be written. The initial vowel should be inserted first, that it may not be omitted in rapid writing. 42. INITIAL L. When a word contains no other consonant than 1-k, (and any compound consonant derived from #,) or l-m, (and any compound derived from ?,) the downward / is used if a vowel pre- cedes, and the upward /, if no vowel precedes. (See "clement," "lament, " etc., Vocal.} 43. INITIAL R. When r is the only consonant in a word, or is the first consonant, use the up-stroke r if a vowel follows, and the down-stroke if a vowel precedes. This rule is not observed in writing such words as earth, arch, room, etc., as awkward forms would result from so doing. 44. FINAL L. Final / is written either upward or downward, as is most convenient. The following practice is found to yield the balance of advantages. After p, 6, t, d, ch,j, k, g, th, s (stroke), s, sh (upward), r (downward), / and m, and their derivatives, use the up- ward /. After sk, sh (downward), z?t, 11, ny, and their derivatives, use the downward /. After /, v, r (upward), write the / downwards, when it terminates the word, and upwards when the vowel is final. EXPLANATIONS. 15 45. FINAL R. As a general rule, final r is written downward when it terminates a word, and upwards when a vowel is final. After y, v, th, and m, the upstroke should be used in all cases. When r follows two descending letters as in future, pre- pare, write it upwards. R-R, at the end of a word is written, with the upward R repeated. (See "superior," "inferior," etc., Vocal.') 46. TERMINATING -L-TY AND -R-TY. Any letter disjoined from that which precedes it represents the added termination -l-ty or -r-ty, as in "legality," " plurality," "vulgarity," "prosperity." (See these and other words in the Vocal).} The termination mental, may be indicated by disjoining the half- sized meat. (See "fundamental," etc., Focad.) EXPLANATIONS. 1. The figures in the VOCABULARY refer to the positions the words occupy in writing. 2. When a word and its derivatives are represented by the same form, they are usually printed in one line; thus, " Baptis-m-t-ed," which signifies that Baptism, baptist, and baptised, are represented by the same character. 3. When words are separated by a comma, without any figure, they are represented by the same engraved form. 4. The dotted lines in the engraved pages indicate the lower line of double ruled paper: full-sized words, therefore, that are placed above it, would be written through the upper line, and half-sized words immediately below it. B. P. VOCABULAEY. VOCABULARY. AGO A, Ah! Able Able to, bold Abode, bodyl About About it About its About sucb things About that About that whicn is About the About their own About them About this time About which About your own Abroad', broad, brought Absence, baseness 2 Absolute, obsolete 1 Abundance Abundant Abundantly Abuse (n. and v.) Accelerate Access, excess 9 Accessible Accession, acquisition 1 Accessory Accident I Accidental i is ACT Accompany, company 2 Accomplish Accord Accordance According-to, creature Account Accrue Accrued Accuracy Accurate, court 2 Accusation, accession 2 Accuse Accused Acknowledge Acknowledged Acquaint Acquaintance Acquainted Acquiesce, chaos 2 Acquired, awkward Acquisition, accession 2 Acquit, quiet 1, acute 3 Act Act of Congress Acted Action Acts of Congress Actual Actuate Actuated A6A Acute, quiet 1, acquit 2 Adamant, diamond 1 Add, had, due Added, had had Addition, condition 2 Additional Adequate, educate 2 Admiuist-ered-rate Administration Administrator Admiralty Admonish, diminish 1 Admonition, diminution 1 Adulation, delusion 3 Adultery Advantage, age Advantageous Advert, divert 1 Advertise Advertisement Advised, devised 1 Affect, fact, effect 2 Affluence Affluent, fluent 2 Afford, fort 2 After, fate After that After which Afterwards Asrain. train ACT 3 AGA ~1 ALR n AND APP XI / V -- X ^ > -o? .\ .V L C V M 'V V, > ALR AND APP Again nud again Also And with the Against Alteration, alliteration 2 Animal Age, advantage Altered, lettered 2 Anniversary Agent Although Announce Ago Altitude Announced Agree, degree Altogether Annoyance Agreed Always Anonymous, unanimous 2 Agriculture Am Another Ah! a Amaze Answered Ahead Amazed Anterior, interior 2 Ailment, aliment 3 Amazement, amusement 3 Antichrist Alabama Amelioration Anticipate Alarm America Anticipation Alcohol American Antidote Aliment, element 1 Amiable, Immble 3 Antiquarian Alkali Ammunition, munition 1 Any All Among Any body All his Amongst Any more All its Amount Any one All men All particulars Ample Amuse, homes Any part Any thing All such Amused Any way All such things Amusement, amazement 2 Anywhere All that has been An, and Anywhere near All that is said Analysis Anxiety All the And as the Anxious All the particulars And as to the Apartment All their All which All your And do yon And ck> you mean to And have they Apostle, epistle 1 Apparently Appearance All your own Alleviate, elevate 2 Alleviation, elevation 2 And if it be And if you are And in Appertain Aperture Applica-ble-bility Alliteration, alteration 1 And in the Applied Allow And it is not Apply Alluding And the ii. Appointment Allusion, illusion 1 Almighty Almost And there must be And this And we are Apportion, portion 2 Appreciate Appreciated Alphabet Alphabetical And we are not And we may Appreciation Apprehend, comprehend 1 Already And we mean to Approach, preach 1 21 ASG ASW ATT Approbation, probation 2 Appropriate Appropriation, preparation 2 at as As lie is (or has) As he is (or has) not Ascend Ascent, assent Ascertain Aptitude Aqueous, cbaos2, acqniesceS Arbitrary As if it As if it were As if there were Ascertained Aside Ask Archbishop Architect-ure-al Ardent, radiant 2 As is As is the As is the case Asperity Assembl-e-y Assent, ascent Are Are not, earned Are sometimes As it, has it As it appeared As it has been Assert, assort 1 Assertion Assessed, assistl, ceased 1 Are there, rather Are there as many as Are you As it is As it is in heaven As it may seem Assiduity Assign Assigned Are you sure Are you willing Argue, irregular 2 As it should be As it was As it were A ->i>t. ceased, assessed 2 iatc Associated Argued Arise, hers Aristocra-cy-tic As it would be As just as As large as Association Assort, assert 2 Assure Arkansas Arose Around As little as As little as possible As long as Assured Assuredly Astonish-ed Arouse, ours Aroused Arranged As (or has) made As many as As many as possible Astonishment Astronomy At, out Arrangement Arrest Arrival As much As much as As much as it is At all. until At all times At his, itself Arrive Art Article As much as possible As soon as As soon as possible At it At its At last Articulate, articled Articulated Articulation As the As they As they were At least At once At present Artificial As, has As dear as As though As though there were As nsnal At some At some time At snch As far as A* for \ s trood as 22 As well As well ns As well a.* possible At that At that time At the ASG ASW ATT P t r \ r -f. X s L K ^ \ y ) i? - ..^. < \ i ( ( 25 AYE BET {_ ^~ j j ^ ) i- U L? L? B. \ \ \ \o \ \ 1 v. BYW V< \ \ v \l > \ x \ H :-; s > ^ x No o .v. <* v/ X v ) V AYE BET BYW At the present day At the present time At the same time B. Between the Between which Beyond At their At this time At your Balance Balanced Baukrupt-cy Bind, bond, combined Birth Birthright At your own Atheism Atheist Baptis-m-t-ed Barbarity Base, bass Bitter, better 2, batter 3 Boast, best Body, abide, abode 2 Atlantic Atone Atoned Baseness, absence 3 Batter, better 2 Be, by 1, to be 3 Bold, able to Bound, band Boy, by Atonement Attached, touched 2 Attainable Be able Be able to Be said to Bread, bred Breadth Breath Attainment, tenement Attend, tend Attendance Beast, best 2 Beatify Beautiful-ly Broad, brought, abroad Brutality Build Attendant Atrocious Auction, caution Beautify Because, cause Because it is Business.baseness 2 But By. buy Audacious Auditor, editor 2 Auditory Because it is so Because they were Become By and bye By every means By his own August Author Auxiliary Been Before Before the By his owu admission By his own confession By many Available Avaricious Avocation, vocation 2 Beforehand Begin, gone Behavior By means of By no means By some Avoid, evade 2 Await Awake Behold Being Belief, believe-d By some means By some men By such things Awaked Awaken Awakened Bend, bent Benevolen-t-ce Benign-ity-ant By that By the By the bye Aware Aware that it is Away Best, boast Bestiality Betray Bv the way By their By their own confession Awful Awkward, acquired Aye Better, bitter 1, batter 3 Better than Between By them By this time By which GEL By which it has beea By which it is (or has) By which it is to be CLO COX i Cemetery, symmetry 1 Cent, sent Centre Clue Coalition, collusion 3 Cold By which it may be By which it would be By which they are Centred Century Certain Collation, coalition 1 Collect Collected C. Certificate Cessation, secession 1 Challenge Collection Collision Collusion, collation 2 Cabinet California Call, equal Chance Chanced Chapter Colonial Colonist Colonization Called, equalled Can Can be Character Character-s-ize Characteristic Colony Combine Combined, bind, bond Can have done Can not Can not be made Characterized Charge-d Child Come Cometh Comfort Can not have been Candidate Canst Child of God Childhood Children, which will Comforted Commandments Commercial Capable Capability Care, occur Children of God Children of Israel Choice Commercial freedom Commercial speculation Commission Cared, occurred Carnality Catalogue Choose Christ Christian-ity Communicate Communicated Communication Catholic Catholic Bishop Catholic Church Christian religion Christian society Christian world Community Company, accompany 3 Comparatively Catholic Priest Caught, quite Cause, because Church of Christ Church of England Church of God Compelled, compiled 1 Complement, compliment Complete, complied Caused Caution, auction Cautioned Church of Home Circular Circularity Comply, plea Comprehend, apprehends Conceal Cease, sees Ceased, assist Celebrate Circulate Circulation Circumstance Concealed Conceive Conceived Celebrity, salubrity 3 Celestial Celestial regions 36 City Class, close Cloud Concentrate Concern Concerned CLO CON c. Jp \ r J i i L 1 ?a CON CHK DEE Concert, sort 1 Concession, session Conciliate Contains Contingency Continues Credence Credit, accredit 2 Creditable Conciliation consolation2 Conclude Conclusion Contradict Contradiction Contradistinction Credulity Critical Cultivate Condemnation, damnation 3 Condensation Condition,editionl additions Contradistinguish- ed Contusion Convenience Cultivation Cure Cured Oonduct,edncate2 aclequateS Congeniality Congratulate Convenient Conversant Conversation Curiosity Curious Cursory Congratulation Connecticut Consequence Conversational Co-operate Co-operation D. Consequent-ly Consequential Conservative Copy, keep 1 Cordiality Corporal Daily Dairy, diary 1, diarrhea 1 Damnation, condemnation 1 Conservative members Conservatory Consider Considerable Consideration Considered Corporeal Correct Corrected Correction Correspond Correspondence Dance, providence Danced Danger Dangerous Dare Dare not Consist Consistence Consistency Correspondent Corresponding Secretary Corresponding Society Daugliter,debtor2,deter2 Dawn, dine Day, do Consistent Consistory Consolation, solution 3 Cost Could Could be done Deafened, defend Dear, wonder Debenture Console Consonant Consonantal Could not Could not be done Count, account Debt, Deity 1, duty 3 Debtor, deter, daughter 1 Deceased Consort Constitute Constituted Countenance Counteract Counterbalance December Decent, dissent, descents Declare Constitution Constitution of the U. S. Constitutional -ly Counterfeit Countermand Countersign Declared Dedicate Deduct Construction Consult Consume, psalm Country Court, accurate 3 Creature, according ;. Deducted Deed Deepened, depend DID DIV EAS Defend-ant Deficien-t -cy Degeneration Did not Did not intend Did not know Do, different 1, had 3 Do not Do not know Degree, agree Deigned, do not Deity, debts, duty 3 Die Diet, debt 2, duty 3 Differen-t-ce Do they Do this Doctor Delaware Delay Delight Difficult-y Dignity Dilution, adulation 2 Doctrine Does, days Does not Delightful Deliver-ed, idle 1 Deliverance Diminish, admonish 2 Diminution, admonition 2 Direct Does your Does your own Domestic Delusion, adulation 2 Demand, diamond 1 Democra-cy-tic Disadvantage Disadvantageous Discharge- d Domination, condemnationl Done Doubt Demonstrate Demonstration Demoralization Discontinued Discretion Diseased Doubted Doubter Doubtful Denomination, dine, dawn Depend, deepened Dependan-t-ce Describe Described Description Designation Desist Desolate Disinterested Disliked Dislocate Disparity Dispelled Dispensation Dispersion, desperation 2 Displayed Displeasure Doubtless Down, providential Dreadful Drew, during Dried, dread 2 Ductility Due, add, had Due consideration Duration Desolation Desperate Desperation Disposition Dispraised Dispute During, drew Dutv. Deitvl, debt 2 Dutiful Destruction Deter, daughter 1 Determined Dissent, decent 1, descent 2 Dissimilar Dissimilarity E. Detriment Develop-ed -ment Devised, advised 3 Dissolute Dissolution l)i>tin guish-ed Each Each other Each thing Dexterity Diamond, adamant 3 Diarrhcea. dairy 2 Distinction Dist. of Columbia Divert, advert 3 Ear, here, her Early Earn Diction, education 2 Dictionary Did Divest, devised 1 Diversity, adversity .'< Divine, even Earned, are not Earnestly Ease, easy BID DIV EAS K' V \ I , r r jo U U. L J I U U ..r 3 L- I ^ L .U U L/ i S 1 1 U -I L I E 4 /-f ) 31 ENQ ^V ^Va *~*S r~*s* U< A ) /L i PAL T -S] -C \ . ENQ . EVE FAL Eased, is it East, astonished East Indies Entertain Entertained Enthusiasm Every one Everywhere Evidence Easy, ease Ecclesiastic-al Economy Enthusiast Envied, invade 2 Envoy, never Evident Evil, value 3 Evolution, violation 2 Edict, educate 2 Edition, condition 2 Editor, doubter 3 Episcopal church. Epistle, apostle 3 Equal, call Exaggerate Exaggeration Example Educate, adequate 3 Education, diction 1 Effect, affect 3, factS Equalled, called Error Erroneous Excellency Excellent Excess, access 3 Effort, fruit 3 Eh? Either, their 2, other 3 Especial-ly Essence, science 1 Esseutial-ly Executor Executrix Expect-ed-ation Elaborate, liberate 2 Elder, leader 1 Elegy, eulogy 3 Establish-ed-ment Estate Esteem Expenditure Expensive Explain Element, ailment 2 Elevate, alleviate 1 Elevation, alleviation 1 Esteemed Estimate Et cetera Explanation Exposition Extemporaneous Elsewhere, loser 3 Emanation, mention 1 Emigrate, migrate 1 Eternal Eternal happiness Eternal life Extend, extent External, stray Extinguish Emigration, migration 1 Eminent, imminent 1 Emperor Eternity, trinity 1 Eulogy, lodge 1, elegy 2 Evade, avoid 1 Extract, extricate 2 Extraordinary Extravagant Empire Empire state Emptiness, mightiness 1 Evangelical Evangelization Evangelize Extricate, extracts Eye, high, I Eyes Enable, unable 3 Enabled End, under Evangelized Evasion, vision 1 Even, divine F. Endeavour Endeavoured Endless, needless 1 Event Ever Ever has been Face, for his Faced Fact, effect 2, affect 3 Enemy, name 2 Engl-and-ish, thing Enjoy, knowledge "2 Everlasting Everlasting life Ever more Faint Fair, fear 1, far 3 Faithfulness Enlarge Enlarged Enquire Every very Every man Every moment Falsehood Falsity Falsifier, philosopher 2 33 FOR FOR FUT Falsifies, philosophise 2 Familiar Familiarity For as much as For' Christ's sake For ever Forward Found, find 1, faint 2 Foundation Family, female 2 Far, fear 1, fire 1, fair 2 Farm, form 2 For ever and ever For his own sake For instance Fountain Fragility Free, offer Farther, further 2 Fashion Fashionable For it is said For its own sake For my own part Free pi-ess i rade Free trader Fast Faster Fatality For several For some reason or other For some time Freed, offered Freedom Freedom of speech Fate, after, foot 3 Father, for there Favored For such are For such as are For such as are not Frequency Frequeut-ly Friday Favorite Fear, fire 1, fore 2, far 3 Feast, faced 2, fast 3 For such as could For such as will For such as would Frivolity From From day to day Feaster, fester 2 Feet, fight, if it Female, family 3 For the For the benefit of For the good of From hour to hour From place to place From time to time Fertile Few, half Few persons For the most part For the purpose of For the sake of From that time From the From their, further Few such Fidelity Fiercely For themselves For there, father For there is From them From you Froward Fight, feet, fit Financial reform Find For there has been For this reason For which Frugality Fruit, effort 2 Full Fine, often Finn, frame Pineal For which it is (or has) For which it is not Foretell Fundamental Furious, fairies 2 Furiously Flat, flight 1, float 2 Florida Fluent, affluent 3 Foretold Forget Forgive Furnish Furnished Furniture Fly. awful Follow-ing Foolish Forgotten Form, farm 3 Formality Further, from their Furtherance Furthermore Foot, fit 1, feet 1, fate 2 For For as (or has) M Forthwith Fortune Fortunate Future state Future world Futurity EOTl FUT V V GIV G. 1 GHE ~r HAV \ -r -c <7 7 H. k \ K \ \ V GIV GRE HAV Give us your opinion Great deal (T Give us your own Great extent \j Gives Great many Gain, again Gained Gives me Gives our Greater Greater than Garrulity Gives our own Greatest Gas Gives permission Greatly Gave, together, go Gave him Gives the Gives them Grew, grow 2 Guide The phrases following give and gives may also be attached to gave. Gives them their own Gives us Gives us our H. ! Gaze, goes Gives us our own Habit General -ly, religion 1 Generality Gives ITS our rights Gives us permission Had Had been Generation Gives us the Had had, added, doubt Generation to generation Genteel Gives us their Gives us to Had not Half, few Gentility Gives us your Hand, owned Gentle * Gives us your opinion Handiness, neediness 1 Gentleman, gentlemen 1 Glad, gold 2 Happen, punish Gentlemen of the jnry Georgia Glee, glory 2 Glorification Happened, pound Happiness Get. good Glor-y-ify Happy, hope Gird, great Go, gave, together Hard, heard, 2 Gist, justS, largest 3 Give-u Go together God Harmony Harnioni-ze-ons Give me Goes, gaze Has Give that Gold, glad 3 Has been Give the Gone, begin Has had Give them Good, get Has his, (or as) Give them their Good or bad Has it, used Give this Govern-ment Has it been Give us Gown, again 2 Has it not been Give us liberty Gradually Has not Give us our own Grand jury Has not been Give us our rights Gratitude < Has to be Give us permission Give us the Great, gird Great advantage Haste Hate., heat 1 Give us their Great applause Hated, heated 1 Give us their o'.vn Great Britain Hath, thank, youth Give us this day Great Britain and Ireland Have, ever 1, view 3 37 448488 HER JAM Have done Have not Have shown Hereditament Hereditary Herein House of Parliament Houses of Parliament House of Prayer Have their, (or there) Have there been Have to be Herewith Hero, harrow 3 Heroine House of Representatives Housed How Have you Have vour He ' Hesitation High, eye 1 Higher How are How are these things How can He has (or is) He has been He has done Highest Highlander Highly How could yon How is that How is this He has finished He has had He has given Him, may Himself His, is How many How many such How may The phrases following 'give' may also be added to 'given and may be attached to 'he has' and 'he has not'. He has intimated He has neither He has never His is, is his His own His wish Hither and thither Hitherto Hold, held, old How may their (or there) How must How will they However Howsoever Human He has not He has not given He has seen Holding, leading 1, alluding 3 Holy Holy Ghoet Humau being Human family Humau happiness He has to be He is gone He is in Holy Scriptures Holy Spirit Home, whom Human kind Humau life Human nature He is not Hear, here, her, ear Heard, word, hard 3 Honestly Honor, near, nor Honored, in order to Human race Humanity Humble, amiable 2 Heart, art Heat, hate 2 Heated, hated 2 Hon. Gentlemen Hon. Member Hon. Senator Humor, more 2 Humored Husband Heaven, vain Height Held, hold, old Hope, happy Horizontal Horse I. Hence, knows Her, hear, ear Her own, iron Hospitality Hostility House I, eye, high I admit I am certain Herself, arise Here, her, ear, Hereafter 38 House of Commons House of God House of Lords I am glad I am inclined I am not IHA ^s ITH in > Vl '^o V^ V, \^ V ^ > V A A. v <.. 1 ) v- v_ \ IHA ITH IFT I am not inclined I am quite sure I am sorry I have their I have therefore I hope I think there I think there is not I think there will I am sure I am very glad I believe I hope you are I hope you arc satisfied I hope you will I think you will I thought I trust I can I can not I could I hope you will not I intend I know that there is much I trust you will I understand I understood I could have I could not be I dare not I know that there will be I know that you are I know that yon may I was I was not I was there I dare say 1 did not 1 did not know I know there are many I know they are I may ( or am ) I was therefore I will I will give I did not say so I did not think I do I may also observe I may as well I may be told that I will have I will not be I will not have I do not I do not know I expect I may gratify I may never I may nevertheless I will try I wish I wish there I fear you will have I fear vou will think I find" I may not be I may perhaps I must I wish there was I wish to Idea I found I had I had not I must be I must say I need not Ideal Identified Idle I had not known I have I have been I need not observe I need not point out I never Idleness Idolat-er-ry If I have called I have done I have had many I noticed I shall I shall be there If his, office If it, feet, fight If it be I have known I have made I have no doubt I shall never I shall not be able to I shall not have If it be not If it does not If it is, if its, fights I have not I have said I have seen I thank you I think I think it is If it is not possible If it is not so If it is not thought I have several I have shown I have suggested I I think it is better than I think it is impossible I think so If it were If such If that is done 41 IMP INO mrtt If the If the other If there is not Imperfect Imperfection Impetus In order to be In order to explain In order to have If there is to be If there is nothing more If there were Impious Importan-t-ce Importunate In order to make it In order to show In reference to Tf they If they will be If they will not go Impose Imposed Impossib-le-ility In regard to In relation to In respect to If this is done If we If we are Impost Impracticab-le-ility Improbable In so many words In so much as In some degree If we are not If we do not If you Improve-ment In, any In a state In some resj; In such a manner as to In such words If you are If your Ignorance In addition to this In all cases In all my In support In the In the course of Ignorant Illegality Illegible, legible 2 In all respects In all that In all this la the fi.:-t place In the last place In the main Illegibility, legibility 2 Illiberality Illinois In any thing In any way In as much In the miikt In the next place In the presence of God Illiterate Illusion., allusion 3 Illustrate In as much as In as much as it is In comparison with In the M-eond place la the bi^ht of God lu the third place Illustration Immaterial Immateriality In compliance In connection with In consequence of In the way In the word of God lu the words of my text Immature, mature 3 Immediately Immersion, emersion 2 In consideration In effect In fact In the world In their, neither In their own Immigrate Immigration Imminent, eminent 2 In his. influence In it In its ( or itself ) In thi? city In this country In this instance Immoderate, moderate 2 Immorality Immortality In many instances In many particulars In my In this manner In this neighborhood In this part of the world Immutable Impassioned Impatient In my opinion In order that you n In order to, honored ivorld In which it has appeared F N T IT r ' -- M 1 ( I o V \ Sf 1 I 1 ...\. V ' ' INF INT IT In which they are In your In your own Influential Inform Information Interpretation Interpreted Into, unto Inaccuracy Inaccurate Incite, in sight, honesty 2 Ingenious Ingenuous Inheritance Into consideration Introduce Introduced Incessant Incessantly Incivility Inhospitality Injury Innocence, nuisance 3 Introduction Invade, envied, invite 1 Invention, invasion Incline, unclean Inclined Inconsiderable Innocent Innovation Inquisition Investigate Investigation Invite, invade 2 Inconsiderate Inconsistent Inconstant Inscription Insignificance Insignificant Inward, onward Iowa Iron, her own Increase, incurs 2 Incredulity Indebted, undoubted 3 Insolent Inspiration Instant Ironed Irregular, argue 3 Irresistible Indeed, no doubt 2 Indefatigable Indefinite Instead Institute Instituted Irrespective Irresponsible Is Independeu-t-ce Indian Territory Indiana Institution Instruction Instrument Is as Is as the Is for Indicate, induct 2 Indicted, indebted 2 Indigna-nt-tiou Instruniental-ity Insufficieu-t-cy Insuperable Is his, is as Is it, eased Is it impossible Indiscriminate Indispensable Indisposition Insupportable Integrity Intellectual Is it not Is it not beautiful Is it not certain that Individual Individuality Induct, indicate 1 Intelligence Intelligent Intelligible Is it not observable Is it not possible Is it not remarkable Inertia Inevitable Infant Intemper-ance-ate Intend Intention Is it not so Is it not the Is not so Inferior Inferiority Infertility Intercourse Interest Interested Is the Is to be Island, will not Infidelity Influence, in his Influenced Interior, anterior 3 Internal Interpret Islander, lender 2 Issue, shoe It 45 ITI ITW JUS It can It can be made It can have It is quite certain It is quite impossible It is rather It would not be Item Itself It could be It could not be It done It is said It is said that It is seen that J. It has been It has been observed It has been said It is sometimes It is soon done It is such January Jehovah Jest It has been suggested It is a long time It is also It is sufficient It is the It is to Jester Jesus Jesus Christ It is always It is always said It is as It is to be It is true It is very strange Jews Jocularity Join, religion, general 2 It is as well It is certain tha'. It is clear It is well known It is wonderful It may as well Joined, gentlemen Jollity, agility 2 Jolly,' agile 2 It is done It is doubtless It is generally It might not be It seems to me It should be Joy Judgment Judicial Ft is good It is his It is indeed It should not be It takes some time It was Judicious June Jurisdiction It is most It is most assuredly It is most certainly It was not It was their It was their intention Jurisprudence Juror Jury It is most important It is most likely It is much It was their own It will It will be Just Just as Just as good It is my opinion It is necessary that It is no doubt It will be observed It will be remembered It will come Just as long Just as much Just as well It is no more thau It is no use It is not so It will do It will not It will not be Just as well as Just as well as another Justice It is nothing more It is now It is observed It will perhaps It will take It will take some time Justice of God Justice of the peace Justices of the peace It is only It is perhaps It is plain 16 It would It would be It would be well Justification Justification by faith Justified ITI ITW V S I H P f JL T S J. S s / P J 1 / A / cZ /... 7 / { / b < / tr LAW IIB MAG K. ^ v /^ S~l . - .... ' . . r ,7*.. .~~S. ^_ n r\ ^ /i > Qr^r^ .^-^ ^ - -%. ^ r- -<- - Oi f " -i V ^ -T7 / S C 5 _ ^ - n. / ^ ^ /z_ '-x 1 f ^ r "7 ^ r r ^u<^ L. -T r . f^\ ' C ^ r 1 \ 1 / r r f ,- O x D ^ o - / / ^ ^ ^! M. r n \ x , 1 s X X X LAW LIB MAG Law of the laud Light, lot K. Lawyer Likely, local 2 Lead', lid Lime, lame 2 Keen, coin Leader Limit Keep, copy 2 Kentucky Learn Leamed(p.) Little, lately Little consideration Kind, cannot Learued(W/.) Liveliness, loveliness 2 Kindred Learned counsel Local, likely 1 Kingdom Learned friend Lone, loan, alone 3 Kingdom of Christ Learned gentleman Long Kingdom of God Legal Long hand Kingdom of Heaven Legality Long time Kingdoms of this world Legible Longer Knew, new Legislation Longer than Knotted, untied 1, united 3 Legislator Loose, lose, allows Know, no Legislature Lord, read, word 2 Know it is not . lent Lord and Savior Jesus Christ Know their (or there) Lender, islander 1 Lord Jesus Christ Know their own Less Lose, allows, loose Know there is Less than Loser, lesser 2, elsewhere 1 Know there is nothing Lesser, elsewhere 1, loser 3 Lot, light Knowledge, enjoy 1 Lest, lost 1 Loud Known, none Let, late Louisiana Knows, hence Let it Loveliness, liveliness 1 Let it be Lower, liar 1 L. Let us, lets Lowly, wholly 3 * * V Let us consider Loyal Labored, liberty Let us do Luckily Lad, lond L -t us further consider Lust, lest Ladies and gentlemen Let us have Lustre Laid, load Let us have your Luxury Lament Let us never Luxuriant Land, lend 2 Let us now Luxuriate Language, young 3 Let us proceed Large, advantage 2 Let us therefore . Larger Letter, loiter 1, latter 3 Last, loosed Liar, lower 2 Machine Late,, let Liberality Mad, mood, made 2 Latitude Liberty, labored Madam, medium 1 Latitudinarian Liberty of the people Made, mode Latitudinarianism Liberty of the press Modest, amidst Law Liberty of speech Magazine 49 ME A M1N MOS Magnaiiim-ous-ity Measure-d Ministered Magnificen-ce-t Maine Meat, might, meet Mechanics M iuisterial Ministration Majesty Mechanic's Institute Minnesota Majority Medical Minority Make it clear Medicate Mint, mind Malignant Medicine Miracle Man, main Meditate, mediated 1 Mirac-les-ulous Man of business Medium, madam 2 Misdemeanour Manner Meet, meat, might Misrepresent-ed Manner in which Melancholy Misrepresentation Manner in which it is done Melioration, amelioration 2 Miss Manner in which it takes Memher, remember Missed, mist, moist Mannered, honored 1 Member of the Bar Misses Mansion, mention 1 Member of Congress Mission Manufacturer Members of Congress Missionary Manuscript Members of the Bar Mississipi Many of them Memorandum Missouri Many things Men, mean Mist, missed, moist Many times Men of business Mistake Maryland Mention, emanation 2 Mistaken Massachusetts Mentioned Mistrust-ful Material Mercies Mitigate Materiality Mercy, more Mode, made Matter Merit Moderate Mature, immature 1 Messrs. Moist, missed, mist May, him, my 1 Met Monday May also Metaphor Mood, mode May always Mexico Moon, human May appeal- Michigan Moral May as well Midst, amidst 2 Moral suasion May he done May not Might, meat, meet Might not Morality More, mercy May not he Might not be able to More and more May not have Mightest More or less May there Mightiness, emptiness 2 More than May this Migrate, emigrate 2 More time May you Migration, emigration 2 Mortality Me, my Million Mortgage Mean, men Mind, mint Most Meanness Mine Most certainly Meant, may not Minister Most happy 50 ME A MIX ^n^r^ \ \ V- N \. V- o V^-v-v*-^ MYS A 'Or f ' o / r~\ Q - (v . ^v - ' ^| XOK N. XI" M O ^ Y -P ~~? - ^A. T - A- X, t 5\ 52 MYS NOK NDM Most important Most likely Mother, may there N. No better than Nobody, anybody 1 No doubt Motion Mount, movement Mountain Name, enemy 1 Narrow Nation, notion No less than No more No one Mr., remark Mrs. Much National National expenditure National retorm No reason No such thing No thank you Much as Much as it is Much more Nationality Natural Nature Noise, nice Noisy, unesisy 2 None, known Much more than Muscularity Must, most Near, honor, nor Nearest Nebraska Nonconformist Nonconformity Noon, union Must also Must always Must be Necessarily Necessaiy Necessary consequences Nor, honor, near Nor are there Nor is it Must become Must come Must consider Necessitate Necessitated Necessity Nor is this Nor were they North Must improve Must not be Must try Need Need not Neediuess, haudiuess 3 North America North Carolina Not, night Mutable My My beloved friends Needless, endless 2 Neglcct-ed Neither, in their Not be Not only Not quite My brother (or brethren) My Christian friends My dear brethren Neither more nor less Neutrality Never, envy 1 Not that Not to be Nothing My dear friends My dear sir My dear sister Nevertheless New, knew New Hampshire Nothing less Less may form part of a phrase, but not else. My fellow citizens My own opinion My respected friends New Jersey New Mexico New Testament Notion Not w ithstan ding Notwithstanding it is My Savior My text My time New York New York City News Notwithstanding the Notwithstanding this Now Myself Mysterious Mystery Next Night, not No, know Nowhere Nuisaucc, innocence 1 Number 53 OFS ONM OPP Of sonic kind On my part o. Of some kind or other On no account V^A Of such an On no occasion Oath, think Of such as have On one account Obedient Of that which ifl On oui- part Obey Of their On so many Obeyed Of them On the Object Of this world On the contrary Objection Of those who are On the one hand Obliged Observ-e- d-ation Of which Of which it has been On the one part On the other hand Obsolete, absolute 8 Of which it has been said On the other part Occasion Of which it is On the part of Occasional Of which it is not On the present occasion Occasioned Of which it must be On the same subject Occupied Of which you are On their account Occupy Of which you are not On their own account Occur, care Of which you will On their own showing Occurred Office, if his On their own supposition Occurrence Often, fine On their part October Oh! owe On this Of Ohio On this account Of advantage Of Christ Old, hold, laid, loud 3 Omnipoten-t-ce On this occasion On this point Of Christianity Of course Omuipresen-t-ce Omniscien-t-ce On -this question Once, ones Of course it is On One Of course it is not expected On account of One of the most Of course it will On account of their One or two Of course it will not On all sides Onward, inward Of course they will Of God On all subjects On all such questions Open, upon Opened Of great advantage On any account Operate Of his On either hand Operated Of his own On either part Operation, oppression 3 Of importance On her part Opinion Of it On his part Opportunity, particular 1 Of its On its account Oppose Of itself On many occasions Opposite, apposite 3 Of many of them Of my opinion Of some account On my On my account On my own part Opposition, position 2 Oppression, operation 2 Oppressor 54 OFS O.NM OPP O. ~^; /~v >, \ \ f 1 ^ \S *> v v /C v \ ^wj *y i _ _r - ? ^ N v\^-\ -J..-\ ^ ^ ^ /- 11 L ts t>- 4-7 e- ^-o ~\ y r v K i 4 ^ ^ \ --"7 - -*~ J\ ^ ^^4 / \ ^ v\ (f, n ^_9 ^ ' ^r "~ y \> ^Q_^" *~ x 4 <- ?., t X \ v. N ^ x - \ y^va >/ 3-^> / "~^' N. \ ^ 55 OVE PER ' >, ^ 4, y 1 \ ' v IS.. v_ \ 56 I'Ol \A V7 C Q C X V \ v. --- Vo J OVE PER POI Option, passion 3 Overwhelm Perhaps Or Owe, oh! Permanent, prominent 1 Oration Owing Permission, promotion 2 Orator Own Permit, prompt 1, promote 3 Order Owned, hand Perpendicular Ordinary Owner Perpendicularity Ordinary circumstances Perpetual Oregon P. Persecute Organ -*-- Persecution Organism Paid Perseverance Organization Parisian Persia Organize Parliamentary Persian Organized Part Personality Organs Partiality Perspective Origin Particle Persuade, pursued 3 Original Particular, pride Pertain Originality Pass, hopes Pervade, private 1, proved 3 Ornament Passed, past Petrify, putrify 3 Ornamental Passion, option 1 Philanthropic Orthodoxy Other, either 1, their 2 Passionate Past, passed Philanthropy Philology Other than Pastor, pester 2 Philosopher, falsifier 1 Otherwise Patient Philosophic Onght Patriarch Philosophize, falsifies 1 Ought never Patriarchal Phonetic Onght not to be Patron Phonetic Society Ought to Pattern Phonographer Onght to be Onght to be done Ought to have Peace, piece Peculiar-ity Peculiar circumstances Phonographic Phonography Physical Our, hear 1, are 2 Peculiar cir. of the case Piety, pity 2 Our ewn Pecuniary Pin, pine, upon 2 Our text Penalty Pity, piety 1 Ours, arouse Pennsylvania Placed Ourselves People Plaintiff Out, at People of God Plate Outcast Per annum Please, place 2 Outward Per cent Pleased Over, virtue Perfect-ed Pleasure Over and over again Perfection Plenipotentiary Overcome Perform Plurality Overtaken Performance Point 67 PRE PSA RAP Point of view Polarity Police court President of the U. S. Pretend Pride, particular Psalmist Public opinion Publi-sh-ed -cation Political Political economy Political principles Prime minister Princip-al-le Private, pervade 2, proved 3 Puerility Punctuality Pnuish-ment, happen Poor Popular-ly Popularity Privilege- d Probab-le-ly-ility Probation, approbation 3 Pure Purpose Pursue Portion, apportion 3 Position, opposition 1 Possess Proceed, precede 1 Procession, precision 1 Prodigality Pnt Put it Putrify, petrify 2 Possessed Possession, position 2 Possibility Production Proficieu-t-cy Prohibition, approbation 3 Q. Possible Post Posterity Prominent, permanent 2 Promise, premise 1 Promote, prompt 1, permit 2 Quality Quantity Quick Pound, happened Poverty Practicab-le-ility Promotion, permission 1 Prompt, permit 2 , promote 3 Properly Quicken Quiet, acquit 2, acute 3 Quite, caught Practie-e-al Preach, approach 2 Precede, proceed 2 Property Proportion Proportionate Quite agree Quite as well Quite certain Precisely Precision, procession 2 Pre-eminent Proportioned Propose Propriety Quite impossible Quite possible Quite satisfactory Prejudic-e-ial Prejudiced Preliminary Proscribe, prescribe 1 Proscription, prescription 1 Prosecute R. Premise, promise 2 Preparation, appropriation 2 Prepare Prosecution Prospective Prosperity Race, raise, rose Radiant, ardent 3 Railroad Prepared Presbyterian Prescribe, proscribe 2 Protection Proud Provide, pervade 2, proved 3 Railroad carriage Railroad cars Railroad station Prescription, proscription 2 Present Present circumstances Providence Provident Providential Railway Ram. reign, run Rainy, ruin 3 Present state Preserv-e-d -ation President 68 Prussia Prussian, operation Psalm, consume Raise, rise 1 Ran, run 2 Rapid, repeat 1 FBE \r 1*SA HAT \ \ N S \ V > > \ v \ \ > > -V \ V-X \/) T Q - [ A R 59 REL REW SAL A \ XI x) X\ v . XV, /" / A V xv. x^ /V X X X XI \ / X x^ x^ x X 8. f 1 x f c P f 60 EEL KEW SAL Rapidity Rare, roar, rear 1 Rascality Religion Religious Relinquish Rhetoric Rhode Island Rice, race 2, rouso 3 Rate, wrote, right 1 Rather, are there Ration Remark, Mr. Remarkable Remember, member Ride, reed Right, wrote 2, root 3 Right Honorable Rational Rationality Raw, rye, ray 2, rue 3 Remembrance Render Rendered Right Honorable Sir Right or wrong Right Rev. Ray, row (v.) Read (v.) Read (part.) Renewed Rent, rend Repealed, repelled 2 Right Rev. Bishop Righteous Rise, raise 2 Reader Readiness, redness Rear, roar 2 Repeat, rapid 2, repute 3 Reporting style Represent-ed Rivers, reverse Roar, rear 1 Root, right 1, rate 2 Recess Recipient, respond Recognise Representation Representatives Republic-an -ation Round Rouse, raise 2 Row (sub.), row (.) 2 Recommend Recommended Redeemed Resembl-e-d -ance Resignation Resistible Rude, read (part.) 2 Ruin, rainy 2 Ruined Redeemer Redemption Redness, readiness Resolution Respect-ed -ive Respond, recipient Ruinous Run, rain, ran 3 Rural Reed, ride Reflect Reflected Respons-e -ible Rest, roast, rust Resurrection S. Reflection Reform Reformation Resurrection of Christ Retort Retreat Sabre, sober Sack Sacked Regard, regret 2 Regency, urgency Regeneration Retrospect-ive Return Returned Sacred, secret 1 Sad, said 2 Sadder, consider 2 Regret, regard 3 Regular Regularity Revelation, revolution 3 Revelled, reviled 1 Revenue Safe, is for Sage, suggest Said Regulate Regulation Reign, rain, rein Reverend Reverse, rivers Reviled, revelled 2 Sailed, sold Saith Sake Relate Relation Relative Revolution, revelation 2 Reward Rewarded Salary Sale, sell Salt, slight 61 SEC SEP SHO Salubrity, celebrity 2 Salutary, solitary 2 Salvation Seclusion Secondly Secret, sacred 2 Serene Serious Seriously Same Sample, simple 1 Sanatory Secretary of State Sect Sectarian Served, surveyed Servility Session Sanction Sanctuary Sand, sound Secularity Secure Secured Sessional Set, sight 1, sat 3 Several, save Sang Satisfaction Satisf-y-ied-actory Sedate Sedition See, sea, sigh Shall, shalt Shall be Shall not be Saturday Save, several Saved See that it is See that there is See you Shall there Shall there be Shan't Savior Savior of the world Saw Seed, side Seeing Seek Shaped, shipped 1 She, wish She is, wishes Saw you Say Say so Seem, seam Seemed Seen Sheet, wished Shine, shone Shipped, shaped 2 Say to them Saying Says, so as Seer, sire Sees, seas, cease Sees to it Shirt, short 1 Shoe, issue Shoot Scene, seen, sign Scholar School Seeth Seethe Seize, size Short Short distance Short space of time School master Science, essence 2 Scientific Seized Selfish Selfishness Shorthand shortened Short-sightedness Should Scot Scotland Scripture Sell, sale Senator, centre Send, sound 3 Should be Should be able to Should be done Scrutiny Sea, see Seal, soil Sensib-le-ility Sensuality Sent, cent, scent Should do Should have Should not be Seam, seem Seamed Sear, sore 2, sour 3 Sentence Sentiment Separate Should not do Should not have been Should not say Seared Seat, sight, sought Secession 62 Separated Separation, suppression 3 September Should not think that Should the Should think SEC SEP ^ V ) L C f f f L r C i; A 1 ^1 SHO 63 SOA SOM J J e, r / , .. J 6* 3 \r \ SPI k I k ^ L ( G V. c t.'S: W- * \ \ TEL TEA THE Support Suppose Supposed Tell you Tells Tells us That they were That time That we Supposition Suppress, surprise 1 Suppression, separation 2 Temper-ance-ate-ature Temperance Society Temporality That were That which That which can be Supreme Supreme Court Sure Temptation Tenable Tend, tent, atoned That which can not be That which has been That which is not Sure way Surprise, suppress 3 Surprised Tendency Tenement Tennessee That which will , That you That you are Surrender Surrendered Surround Test, taste Testament Testimonial That you will That your The Surrounded Surveyed, served Sword, soured 3 Testimony Texas Than, then 2 The other, though there 3 The other day The way of the world Sycophant Symmetry, cemetery 2 Synonymous Thank, hath, youth Thank you Thanksgiving Thee, thy Their, they are Theism System Systematic Systematical That That has taken That have Theist Them, they Themselves, this is T. Tabernacle Take Take care Take into consideration Take it down Take part That have not That is (or has) That is another question That is not That is not only That is only That it has been That it is That it is to be Then, than 3 Theological Theology There, their, they are There are There are also There are many things There are some There can be Take place Takes place Talent That it may as well That it stands That such There can not be There could be There has been Tartar Taste, test Teetotal That such is the case That that That the There is (or has) There is another point There is another subject Teetotaler Tell, till Tell us That there is That there may be That there shall be There is no more than There is no more time There is no one 69 THI TIL TOW There is not There is some reason There is very little Think you Think you may Third, throughout 3 Till yon come Time Tin There shall be There there (or their) There there are This, thus This advantage This circumstance Tint To To a great extent There there ia There was There was iiot This day This evening This instance To as many as To be To be able to There will be There will not be There would be This is, themselves This is a well known fact This is the To be able to make To be present To be saved There would not be Therefore Therefore there is This is well known This is your opinion This opinion To be there To become To church Thereto Thereupon These, thyself This passage This time This world To come To come to To do, to day These instances These circumstances These things Thither, the other 2 Those Thou, though To do something To eveiy oiie To have They, them They are They are not Though there, the other 2 Though there is Thought To him, to whom 3 To his To it They do (or had) They do not They had had Thousand Thousand dollars Three, author 1 To love To msikc To make it clear They had not They have They have been Three times Throngh Through their To make it plain To many of those who To our They have not They might not They that Throughout, third 2 Thursday Thus, this To our consideration To our own To some They were They will Thin Thy, thee Thyself, these Till, tell To some one To some extent To take it Thine, within Thing, Engl-and-ish Think, oath Till his Till it Till it comes To the To the world To them Think that Think there Think there is not 70 Till it has been Till it is done Till you are To think that To those that To which Till X rn, TO\V V I K f e j \ \ it i N \ i L-i G d d C ^_ L I ^ J -t \ V, TUI VEX 1 I 1 -U 1 1 1 1 Vi V 1 J u. T_ X' "* " \ ^~^ ^ v ^N v ^"N 1 -J J TUI UNQ YEN To which you are indebted Tune, town Untied, knotted 2, united 3 To whom, to him 2 Turn Until, at all To you Turned Until bis To your Twist, taste 2 Until it To your own Two, too Until it has been Today, to do Two or three Until it is Together, go, gave Until it is done Toleration u. Until you are Tomorrow Up Too, two Unable, enable 2 Upon, open Too little Unanimous, anonymous 1 Upon it Too much Unavoidable Upon no other consideration Took it down Uncertain Upon the Torment Touched, attached 3 Unclean, incline Undefined Upon them Upon those who are Toward, trade Under Upward Towards Under the Urgency Towards them Under the circumstances n Us Towards your Under the cir. of the case Use (s.) Town, tune Understand Use (v.) Trade, toward Understood Used, as it 2 Trader Undertake, undertook Usual-ly Train Undertaken Utah Traitor Undoubted, indebted 2 Utterly, truly 3 Tranquillity Uneasy, noisy 1 Transcript Unexpect-ed-ly y Transcription Union, noon T Transgress United, untied 1, knotted 2 Vain, heaven Transgression United Kingdom Valiant, violent 1 Transubstantiation United States Valid Treat, tried, trite United States of America Validity Treatment Unity Valuable Trinity Universal Valuation True, truth 2 Universal Church Value, evil 2 True God Universal happiness Valued Truly, utterly 2 Universality Van, heaven 2 Truth, true 3 Universe Vanished Truth of God University Vast, vest 2 Try, internal Unkindness Vegetable Try to Unparallelled Vegetarian Tuesday Tuition Unpopular Unquestiona-ble -bly Venality Vend, vent 73 VUL WEA WKM Vermont Versatility Version W. We are indebted We are never W T e are not Very Very certain Very good Waist, waste, west "Wake, awake 3 Waked, awaked 3 We believe We did many things We did not Very great Very much Very near Waken, awaken 3 Wakened, awakened 3 Want We do We do not We do not think Very soon Very well Veterinary Wanted War Ward, wart We find We found W T e had Vice, voice 1 Vice President Vice versa Warehouse Warm Warn We had not We had the We have View, vow Viewed, vowed Vindicate Warrant Warrior Wary, weary 1 We have not had We have not observed We have uot seen Vindication Violation, evolution 3 Violence, villains Was Was as it should be Was neither We have said W T e have their We have their sanction Violent, valiant 2 Virginia Virtue, over Was not "Was not so Was not there We have therefore We may as well We may as well try Virtuous, over us Vision, evasion 2 Visionary Was said Was the Was their own We may be We may be able to We may be sure Vitality Viva voce Vocation, avocation 3 Was there Was to be Wash, wish We may have We may have their We may mention Voice, vice 2 Void Volatility wt Waste, waist, west Wasted We may never We may nevertheless We may not Volition, violation 2 Voluntary Voluntary principle Watch, each Watched Water We may perhaps We may seem We may therefore Volunteer Volunteered Voracious, avaricious 3 Way, weigh Wavward We We mean We might We might as well Vow, view Vowed, viewed Vulgarity We are We are aware We are bound We might not We must We must be VTL ^_ Vcr- WEA w. WEM I I, L, ) I ,/ I \0 S- V V 1 V Vj^ WHA WHE { ^ 79 \VJ\I YOT /US C ^ ~ ^ A ^ ^ ^v- A. V, : >- Y. <>^~BI rV^ S, ^~> V Xv A " x| ^Tryv- ^rc +*s /* ?r ^ > k - -\^ -\ ^ r z f S K ^~ ~ C C 6 ' ^v ^"^v ^~^i T 3 T 3 ^ ^ ^ ( C C > v x -^-w-^ z. A <^- t^. ^ f y- y* ^ 80 WRI YOU ZES Wont Wool Word Writing Written W T rote, rate You must You must admit You must come Word of God Word of man Words of God Y. You must consider You must have You must improve Words of my text Words of our text Work Ye, year, years Yes Yesterday You must let us You must not You must now Working classes World World above Yet Yield, yielded You You must recollect that You will You will be certain W orld of fashion World of nature World of Spirits You are You are able to You are aware You will be sure to You will do You will have been World to come Worship Worthy member You are in You are not You can You will not You will not be You will not have Would Would be Would come You can be You cannot You cannot be Young, language 2 Your Your mind Would do Would have been Would have to be You cannot have You could You could not Your own Yourself, yours Yourselves Would never Would not be satisfied Would not have said You have You have not You may Youth, hath, thank Youth's, thanks Youths, those Would say Would the Would you You may as well You may as well give us You may as well try z. Wound Wounded Write, writ, wrought You may be You may now You may think Zeal Zealous Zest 81 b -^ ' u \ V r x > ( o C Cl t ' ' l essoTi I * y' ^ -f 10 - f V I " ' \ k _^, REPORTING EXERCISES. LESSON I. 1 . I Imve not seen him for some time. 2. Yon may now learn any thing you desire. 3. I have no doubt yon will succeed in any thing you undertake. 4. I am sure lie considers it a great mistake. 5. I understand it is your intention to remain in this country. 6. You will have little to do unless you come at once. 7. I must not have my mind occupied with trifles. 8. It is impossible for you to misun- derstand any thing I have said . 9. It is most important that it should be immediately despatched. 10. I have not sent any thing to him for several months . 1 1 . It is sometimes impossible to learn as many things as you may desire. 12. We have not for a long time known any thing of his intentions. 13. I understand it is your determination to return with them immediately. 14. I have no disposition to misrep- resent the circumstances of the case. 15. You must now return as soon as you can. 16. There are many things you will have to learn as soon as you are able. 17. I think he is in the right and I am glad of it. 18. I fear you will make many mistakes. 19. As far as I am concerned I have no objection. 86 LESSON II. 1 . How many years have you lived in the United States ? 2. I have lived here all my life. 3. Let us do something; any thing is better than nothing. 4. There is no doubt that the information received is correct. 5. I hope you will in all things conform to the practices of this association. 6. Do not confirm yourselves in the ways of mod- ern society. 7. You will find that every one entertains the same opin- ion on this question. 8. We have at last found that he is not to be trusted. 9. I hope you will at least give me credit for sincerity. 10. I fear you will have to send to Cincinnati for it. 11. There are many things you will be called upon to endure. 12. You will have little difficulty in accomplishing anything you desire. 13. I am sure you will receive an invitation to the festival if you are in town. 14. Be sure you are in the right, then go ahead. 15. We have received no communication from him for several months. 16. It does not sig- nify if you will not repeat it. 17. He is as good as he is great, and as great as he is good. 18. I am in immediate want of something of this kind. 19. We intend to have nothing more to do with it. 20. I intend to remain in this country till his return. 21 . There is no ne- cecessity for you to mention it again. 22. He has manifested a want of honor in this transaction. 23. You must always come as soon as you are called. 24. You will probably obtain a situation in the House of Representatives. e s s on II , ! - r > L x N , ess on m . .d. ^V <, ,.(|.. 2 \ ^ x^"V_ a 7 L / - x"' v ^^ ~N ^ I x. i ^N. 16 U 89 LESSON III. 1. Do that which is right; love that which is true. 2. Be fit to live that you may be fit to die. 3. He is in the way of life who seeketh instruction. 4. If you would he wise, you must be willing to be taught. 5. When a man admits that he has been in the wrong, it is but telling you in other words, that he is wiser than he was. 6. One thing at a time, and that done well, is an excellent rule, as many can tell. 7. Think of that which is good, and you will then not think of that which is evil. 8. You will be certain to reap a rich reward if you are faithful to the end. 9. It is better to be wise and not seem so, than to seem wise and not be so. 10. Mankind in general mistake difficulties for impossibilities; this is the difference between those who succeed and those who do not. 11. Better to be a tortoise on the right track than a racer on the wrong. 12. He that never chang- ed any of his opinions, never corrected any of his mistakes. 13. It is difficult for the rich to be humble, and it is impossible for the proud to be wise. 14. We should never seek revenge when our enemy is powerful, for then it would be imprudent; nor when he i a weak, for then it would be mean and cruel. 15. There are many substitutes for temperance and exercise, but there is nothing so good as the things themselves. 16. It is impossible to make some people Understand their ignorance, for it requires knowledge to perceive it, therefore he that can perceive it, hath it not. 90 LESSON IV. 1. Neither Ms father nor his mother has yet arrived in this coun- try. 2. I am glad it is your intention to proceed no further in this matter. 3. When there is anything to be done, he is always most willing to assist. 4. I think there will be ample opportunity for you to make yourself well acquainted with the practices of your profession. 5. There is another thing which must be taken into consideration. 6. I think there is no necessity for you to proceed further in this investigation. 7. There is another subject to which your attention must be directed. 8. I have another reason for wishing it should be done as soon as possible. 9. Are there as many as you supposed there would be? 10. I understood there was to be some exhibition today, and so there is to be. 11. Will there be an examination today? No, it will be deferred till another time. 12. I question whether the trial will terminate as he antici- pates. 13. When there is nothing to be done he is always ready to offer his services. 14. Another time I will have nothing to do with it if there are to be so many present. 15. Shall there be anything done to prevent this intolerable nuisance? 16. There is another point to which I wish to call your attention. 17. I think there will be no further occasion for your services. 18. I think there is no train at that hour, but I will ascertain whether there is or not. 19. What are their reasons for so doing, I am at a loss to conceive. 1-1 ; L ' r r i 11 1 _ 1 /I x !\ v ' \ / V.' Ifl ess on V + J 7 V_, < ^ J^ " > 8 ( 350 ^-/^ 10' i _ \^ ( ^ 12 .. 15 is \ U x C ) 14* e 16 Vl_ ...CX I p P p. < c \_/ O 17 = 18 ^ ^ - -S- ^\ ^ x i i9 u ( 93 LESSON V . 1. There is no necessity for anything of the kind. 2. We shall have an opportunity of listening to his explanation of the circumstan- ces. 3. He has a great opinion of the dignity of his ancestors. 4. You must be aware of the difficulties that stand in the way of its accomplishment. 5. It is possible that we shall be able to learn several particulars of the case. 6. The annual expenses of the State are estimated at $800 000. 7. I have noticed that he is ashamed of the manners of his associates. 8. I think you cannot have a full appreciation of the qualities of his mind. 9. The entire population of the empire is supposed to be about 350,000,000. 10. It is clear- ly ascertained that he is guilty of the commission of this crime. 11. I shall probably send you a specimen of the productions of this locality. 12. At least 15,000 of the people were assembled to listen to his oration. 13. I think it is of the utmost importance that this matter should be properly investigated. 14. It was in consideration of the services rendered our cause that permission was granted. 15. The discovery of the art of printing it is now stated was made as early as 1428. 16. The cause of the reduction in the value of the property is attributed to vanous circumstances. 17. There is I think no necessity for a renewal of the application. 18. Full particulars of the late fire will be found in the papers of to-day. 19. It is clear that he does not intend to do anything of the kind. 94 LESSON VI. 1. You must know that we have their sanction for the course we have taken. 2. There is no doubt you will do your best to make it clear. 3. That is not only taken away but there are many things gone with it. 4. There is another question to be taken iuto consid- eration before the case is disposed of. 5. We must be kind even to those who are our enemies. 6. You may as well try to have it done at once. 7. I am not acquainted with the means by which it has been effected. 8. There are some men who never seem to learn anything. 9. I fear he has not given this matter due consid- eration. 10. I will from time to time inform you of our progress iu this part of the world. 11. I think it is a pity they did not know their own interests better than to perpetrate such errors. 12. I have no doubt you will be able to succeed just as well as another. 13. I think you may labor in such a manner as to give general satisfaction. 14. We may be sure that such an event will not be long unknown. 15. How many do you anticipate will be present at your next convention? 16. We have been at some trouble in order to make it clear to every comprehension. 17. There are many who seem to think that wealth alone can purchase happiness. 18. Let us consider the danger to which you are exposed every moment of your lives. 19. We will try every course that is pos- rible before we relinquish our designs. ess on. "VI + l S > i / L 1 >. >^ x 15 > \ ecture by SflPeorfe ^^ ,-0 Y . \ I ^x , ^ ( / \ ( r ; i - ( ( - ^ 97 REPORT OF A LECTURE ON "JOHN BUNYAN ", BY GEORGE UAWSON ESd., M. A. DELIVERED IN THE TOWN HALL, BIRMINGHAM. It was a curious task to investigate the life of such a mail as John Buii vaii,- oue of the most famous the world had ever produced; for, 2 with the exception of the Bible, the "Pilgrim's Progress" had been more widely read than any other book, had been translated into 3 more languages, had pleased the scholar, delighted the school-boy, was read by the peasant, and pondered over by the divine. Knowing 4 that many of them were tolerably ignorant of the life of the glorious old tinker, he had chosen to speak of the noble old layman, in that it 5 was pler.paut to him to vindicate the rights of the layman. He knew there was a musty, mischievous proverb, which said that the cobbler 6 should stick to his last. If it meant that a man who could get his living by mending shoes should not desert that to make poetiy, good; 7 but when it was said by professional people, duly appointed, called, and consecrated, that no man could preach except he had been be- 8 schooled and be-colleged in this place and another, he opened the great book of history, and he read of improper people doing things, 3 that ought not to have done them; lay folks that did nobler works thau those who ought to have done them. He read of improper tent 13 makers, poor illiterate fishermen, that did the greatest and noblest work the world ever saw. The best fighting and singiug, the best 11 preaching and writing, had been done by crestless, low-born, dirty, ignoble, hard-handed people, who had what folks called a mission, 12 greater than the church's call; and among the long bead-roll of such lay people was John Bunyan. In 1628, he was bom at Elstow, near 13 Bedford. His father was a tinker, and Bunyan took to the heredit- ary trade. A man's nature depended a great deal on the atmosphere 14 in which he was born. Bunyan came into life when the grand- est struggle in which this land was engaged was about to come; when 15 the incapable and wicked Stuarts were trying to the utmost the pa- tience of the people; when Puritanism and Republicanism were about 16 to teach their material doctrines upon this soil. He was brought up in the grim and bitter order of God-fearing Puritanism. His fa- 17 ther was a just, severe, Bible-reading, much-praying man a thor- 98 LECTURK ON BUM VAN. 1 ough-paced Puritan a lover of religious liberty. Buuyau tinkered his kettle in a pious atmosphere growing up troubled with questions 2 and doubts all too soon. A-bout his boyhood they read but little. His scholarship was slender, and it leaked away from him. There 3 had been much debate as to how wicked he was: whether he was not as Southey said, merely a blackguard, or a sad, graceless, outrageous 4 rip, licentious and sinful. There were two parties in that debate, one taking all Bunyan's self-accusing as true: there was another that 6 denied it. But there were also two courts; the coui-t of God's law, or conscience: the other, the court of law or public opinion. The 6 Apostle Paul was, he said, chief of sinners: if they had taken him before the magistrate upon the charge he could have rebutted it by 7 proof . In the other court he would have fully admitted it. Now, ma- ny of John Bunyan's bitter speeches against himself as boy and young 8 man, must be interpreted in that way. A drunkard he never was; licentious in the common meaning of the term he was not. When 9 accused of being a gross sinner he stoutly denied it. He catalogued his short-comings. He said he was a town swearer, that he cursed 10 and swore bitterly so much, that the worst woman in Bedford said he was enough to corrupt the whole town. He was a noisy, dis- u orderly, ranting kind of rip. That he said of himself; but it must be remembered that in that time, playing at cricket and lying were 12 often regarded as breaking part of the same tables. That was Pu- ritanism. They had the two tables of commandments that Moses u gave, and twenty more of their own, to which they demanded the same respect. Hence he found Bunyan's conscience was as much 14 wounded by playing at hookey and Sunday bell ringing as by pro- fane swearing. At an early period he was seized with incessant 15 torment of soul. With weak nerves never well when young and a fiery imagination, a conscience over-refined by Puritanical 16 scruples, tormented his soul. He was one of those who believed that the world rested on awful darkness and terrible mysteries; that 17 God was a reality not a doctrine; that the fire of Hell was as real as the fire upon his hearth; the Heavens as certain and real as the 18 distant Indies. The first years of his life were spent fighting devils like Luther. He saw the devil not with iris and pupil, but iu a more 19 terrible way, with the eyes of his soul. Even the Bible was to him a torment for a time. He made every text a demon. He 20 minded no punctuation, he took scraps of the book even-where, with b. U. LAWYER ..AS, TEXA - u Tf./ f ' ) 7 x -/ r r. ) n r / ^ ^ \ T L, ( I L ^ - H N ~7 i ^^N (^ ' ^ \ \-f > ^_ ( . V.... J LECTURE ON BUNYAN. 101 1 out reference to other than its literal meaning. These things re- membered, Banyan's speeches might he understood. No event 2 occurred that a special Providence did not act with reference to him. His dreams even to him were real. 3 Two years and a half passed away, with wrestling of body and soul, with groans, and cries, and tears; with actual and visible fight- 4 ing with devils, bandying of texts damnatory and consolatory. By and bye, a man induced him to read the Bible, and naturally enough 5 he turned to the historical part to the histories of the kings of Judah. He became a reformed character, dropt swearing suddenly. 6 At nineteen he entered the army, and all knew which side he would take in the contest. He took the solemn epic side, not the ditty 7 and lyrical pail. He was drawn for the siege of Leicester, but a comrade went instead. That comrade was shot, and Bunyan had an- 8 other miraculous escape. He became a moral, but was not yet a religious man. He thought to test his faith by working a miracle, 9 but he had misgivings of risking his salvation on his own power; he would rather let his damnation hang upon an uncertainty; so he did 10 not work the miracle. In this doubt he went to Mr. Gifford, a poor preacher in Bedford, a man himself of strange history who, from 11 persecuting the Puritans had become their apostle a man well fitted to deal with Bunyan's scruples. Bunyan listened to his preach - 12 ing, and the turmoil of his soul was calmed. He progressed into church fellowship amongst the Baptists, and as his graces grew he 13 first preached privately, after many solicitations, and then in public. But before that at nineteen he married. Between them they 14 could scarcely muster a trencher or a spoon: but her dowry think of it! was two books rare things in those times. One was "The 15 Plain Man's Way to Heaven," and it is supposed that out of that he drew a few hints for his "Pilgrim's Progress.' 1 She was a godly 16 well-conditioned wife, who bore him several children; and by and bye she died. Bunyan then was a preacher. Episcopacy had raised 17 its head again, and they used their first day of liberty to repay the insults of Cromwell's time glorious times, of which the worst that 18 could be said was that it was a day of psalm singing and Bible reading. The best that could be said of the time that followed, was 19 that it was an age of fiddlers, buffoons, strumpets, and all sinners. In that day the godly old Nonconformists were persecuted even to 20 death. Eight thousand men died in prison during that old black- 102 LECTURE ON BUN VAN. 1 guard's (Charles II.) reign. And under what banner? The right of private judgment. Under what rallying ciy ? The right of read- 2 ing the Bible. When next there was any stone throwing, let them remember the eight thousand martyrs that died in that time the time 3 of stupid bullying magistrates of wicked insolent prieste. Well, after five years of preaching, Bunyau got into trouble. A warrant 4 was out against him, and he was warned of it, and against preach- ing. He meditated upon it in the garden, but he determined to 5 preach. He thought if the shepherd ran, what would the sheep do. He did preach, and the constable arrested him, took him before a stu- 6 pid grammar-breaking, illogical magistrate, that were common in those days, and not quite extinct in the present time. He was asked 7 if he would give sureties, and he would be released the surety was that he should not preach again; but he would not, and he did not. 8 For twelve long years he lay in the damp, dark, Bedford prison; but he had a good-tempered jailer, who let him out now and then for 9 a day to preach, or let him go home and spend a night. He always came back at the appointed hour: he would have made an appoint- 10 ment with death and kept it sacredly. He had then a wife and four children: one of them blind, "that lay nearest his heart;" and 11 for them in prison he was almost tempted to sell his soul. The great womanly heart in that bold daring man thought of that beloved 12 blind child, and took to making laces and tags to keep his family from starvation at home. There too, in prison, he wrote his "Pil- u grim's Progress." The prison work of mankind, though a painful thing was a great and glorious theme with many grand recollections. 14 Bunyan was at length set free; not by Bishop Barlow, as some had said, but by one of the noble company of the Society of Friends. 15 This was a generous act, for Buuyan had attacked them in contro- versy with bitter coarseness. He found his houshold affairs in sad 16 disorder, and he gave up tinkering and took to preaching. Sixteen years of his life were given to it, aud at length he died, at sixty years 17 of age, and was buried at Bunhill Fields, London. Mr. Dawson then touched on "The Pilgrim's Progress," quoting the opinions of 18 Dr. Johnson, Macaulay, Coleridge, and Southey. on the book, and enumerating the translations of it into almost every language under 19 the sun. It was the book from which to study a sound English style a book of old Saxon language, of theology, of rhetoric, of poe- 20 try, of romance for all ages and for all faiths. L ';- ' ' - r ">: ,1 ^ i ^- ' ) ' >s 9 'i r \ r , ' J . - 18 C ' ' U , 1_ ' _ \ I v \J ration \>j %jt> ' \ I ; v . < - / . I I ' , I \ . i : ' 1 ^ / / > -*x~-*v 7 ~.xn - ^ 'X-^ "" >- . * H- ^ V ^^ > ^ / t j \. "^ ^ a \ . r V^ " , I -f . ' I I . ^-^ I t- I "f J \ 105 "YOUNG AMERICA." EXTRACT FROM A FOURTH OF JULY ORATION, BY THE HON. EDWARD EVERETT. 1 Either from natural ardor of temperament, or the fervid spirit of youth, or impatience caused by constant meditation on the abuses 2 which accumulate in most human concerns in the lapse of time, ' Young America ' thinks that everything which has existed for a con- 3 siderable time is an abuse; that, consequently, to change, is, as a matter of course, to reform; to innovate, of necessity, an improve- 4 meiit. He does not consider that if this notion is carried too far it becomes suicidal; that it condemns his own measures, and justifies 5 the next generation in sweeping away his work as remorselessly as he is disposed to sweep away the work of his predecessors. [Cheers.] 6 The error, Sir, is one of exaggeration only. Young America is a very honest fellow he means well, but, like other young folks, he is 7 sometimes too much in a hurry. [Laughter and cheers.] He needs the curb, occasionally, as we old ones, perhaps, still more frequently, 8 need the spur. [Laughter.] There is a principle of progress in the human mind, in all the works of men's hands, in all associations 9 and communities, from the village club, to the empire that embraces a quarter of the human race, in all political institutions, in art, litera- 10 tare, and science, and most especially in all new countries, where it must, from the very nature of the case, be the leading and govern - 11 ing principle. [Great cheers*.] Who can compare the modern world, its condition, its arts, its institutions, with the ancient world, 12 and doubt this; the daily newspapers, smoking every morning from a hundred presses, with a strip of hieroglyphics on the side of an 13 obelisk, perplexing the world with its dubious import, and even that found out within the last thirty years; the ocean steamer with 14 the row galley, creeping timidly round the shore; the railways in the United States alone, without mentioning those of Europe, with 15 those famous Roman paved roads, the Appiau and Flaminian way, which our railways exceed tenfold in extent, to say nothing of their 16 superiority in every other respect, as a means of communication; the printing press, driven by steam, with the scribe's toilsome pen; u the electric telegraph, with the mail coach, the post horse, the ped- 106 ORATION BY EVERETT. 1 estriaii courier; and above all, a representative republican confeder- acy, extending over a continent, with a feudal despotism building a 2 rock on the necks of a people, or a stormy Grecian democracy, sub- sisting its citizens by public largess, ostracising all good men, iusult- 3 ing and oppressing its allies, deeming all labor servile, and rending its own vitals within the circuit of the city walls to which it was con- 4 fined who, I say, can make this comparison, and doubt that the principle of progress is as deeply seated in our nature as the princi- 5 pie of conservatism, and that true practical wisdom and high nation- al policy reside in a due admixture and joint action of the two? 6 (Enthusiastic applause.) Now, sir, this was the wisdom of the men of '76. This is the lesson of the Fourth of July; this is the oracle 7 which speaks to us from the shrines of this consecrated hall. (Great cheering.) If we study the writings of the men of that day, we find 8 that they treated the cause of civil liberty, not only as one of justice and right, of sentiment and feeling, but also as one of history and 9 tradition, of charters and laws. (Cheers.) They not only looked to the future, but they explored the past. They built wisely and skill- 10 fully in such sort, that after times might extend the stately front of the temple of freedom, and enlarge its spacious courts, and pile its " stories arch above arch, and gallery above gallery, to the heavens, (great cheers;) but they dug the foundations deep down to the eternal 12 rock the town, the school, the militia, the church; these were the four comers on which they reared the edifice. (Enthusiastic cheers.) \Ve live at an era as eventful, in my judgment, as '76, although in a different way. "We have no foreign yoke to throw off; but in 14 the discharge of the duty devolved upon us by Providence, we have to carry the republican independence which our fathers achieved, with lo all the organized institutions of an enlightened community insti- tutions of religion, law. education, charity, art, and all the thousand 16 graces of the highest culture beyond the Missouri, beyond the Sierra Nevada; perhaps, in time, around the circuit of the Antilles; ' perhaps to the Archipelagoes of the Central Pacific. (Great cheer- ing.) The pioneers are ou the way: who cau tell how far and fast 18 they will travel? "Who that compares the North America of 1753, but a century ago, and numbering but a million of souls of Euro- 19 pean origin; or still more, the North America of 1653, when there was certainly not a fifth of that number; who that compares this 20 with the North America of 1853 with its population of twenty-two - / ._. = . ' v ? v^ ^ C V ^^ v r /<,-.. r . " - v. ^ , "-y . ^ - ^ ^ - . ORATION BY EVERETT. 109 1 millions of European origin, and its thirty one States, will venture to assign limits to our growth will dare to compute the time-table 2 of our railway progress, or lift so much as a corner of the curtain that hides the crowded events of the coming century? (Great cheer- 3 ing.) This only we can plainly see: the old world is rocking to its foundations. From the Gulf of Finland to the Yellow Sea, every 4 thing is shaken. The spirit of the age has gone forth to hold his great review, and the kings of the earth are moved to meet him at his 5 coming. (Cheers.) The band which holds the great powers of Europe together in one political league, is strained to its utmost 6 tension. The catastrophe may, for a while, be staved off, but to all appearance, they are hurrying to the verge of one of those conflicts, 7 which, like those of Pharsalia and Actium, affect the condition of states for twice ten centuries. (Sensation.) The Turkish empire, 8 encamped but for four centuries on the frontiers of Europe, and the Chinese monarchy, contemporary with David and Solomon, are alike 9 crumbling. While these events are passing in the Old World, a tide of emigration, which has no parallel in history, is pouring west- 10 ward across the Atlantic, and eastward across the Pacific, to our shores. The real political vitality of the world seems moving to the 11 new hemisphere, whose condition and fortunes it devolves upon us and our children to mould and regulate. (Great cheering.) Sir, it 12 is a grand, let me say a solemn thought, well calculated to still the passions of the day, and to elevate us above the paltry strife of 13 parties. (Applause.) It teaches us that we are called to the high- est, and I do verily believe the most momentous trust that ever de- 14 volved upon one generation of men. Let us meet it with a corresponding temper and purpose; with the wisdom of a well-in. 15 structed purpose; with the foresight and preparation of a glorious future; not on the narrow platforms of party policy and temporary 16 expediency, but in the broad and comprehensive spirit of '76. (Great and long continued cheering.) 110 ADDRESS OF REV. E. H. CHAPIN, AT THE NEW-YORK HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION; SEPTEMBER 29th. 1853. I The Rev. Mr. Chapin, on being introduced to the audience, moun- ted a table laden with rare flowers, and spoke as follows : 2 Ladies and Gentlemen: I was invited to address you this evening and without having had much time given me for preparation, I can 3 assure you that you will not be bored with any set speech; indeed I am but ill-prepared for any effort, having but just returned from a 4 long and fatiguing journey. The fact that we are an intensely practical people, is matter either 5 of reproach, or of commendation, according to the critic's point of view. It is a characteristic natural to our position and our history. 6 Thrown recently upon a primeval soil, we have had, in many re- spects, to perform the initial -work of civilization. We have been 7 obliged to fell forests, clear farms, bridge rivers, and build cities. And, then, just as we had acquired a place among the nations of the 8 earth, and were casting about for some method of employing our energies, these marvellous material agents, steam and electricity, were 9 set in play, challenging all our young enterprise, and creating for onr vast resources world-wide facilities. And one may be easily 10 tempted to overlook onr internal absorption in wondering at the glory of our achievement. Old as the theme is, it always comes to II us with a force ever fresh, ever new; this result eclipsing the fabled achievements of romance. To think in how short a time man has 12 subdued nature, and transformed it to the conceptions of his genius; to think how rapidly a great people has overspread a continent, and 13 outstripped the dynasties of a thousand years; and how the wilder- ness has blossomed into towns, and the insignificant colonial sea-ports 14 are now shadowing every bay with their sails, and enclosing the commerce of the globe in a chain of ships; to think of this one city 15 which, in the historian's measurement, was but yesterday a green silence reposing at the gate of the sea, and to-day this cosmopolitan 16 life rashes through its veins, and the nations of the earth make it a theatre for the splendid rivalry of industry and art. But, on the other hand, it cannot be denied that we are justly exposed to the charge of an excessive materialism. We are over-busy *N . -1 V -TX ... -Sr .) : - '.. x ,r~ ^ v ^ V 4 / X / . \ . ) < \ .1 x .... . d '<- v-*: [ C < ") . I / -v ! x ' I / c _ s ADDRESS OF CHAPIN. 113 1 and over-anxious. It is remarked that in the countenances of au American audience there is apt to prevail an intense, care-worn ex- 2 pression. "\Ve enjoy our amusements in rather a solemn way, and in almost any assemblage you will find rows of faces that have a 3 dollar and ceut stamp fixed upon them. Whatever may be said in behalf of the glorious achievements of our time, and the great interests 4 of the week-day world, we cannot help perceiving the dangers that are involved in these, and therefore the great need of counteracting 5 influences. Those who in the spirit of this utilitarian age, ask the practical 6 benefit of an institution such as this, can be most easily answered. The utility of fruits and flowers ! Is there, can there be, any limit 7 to what has been, and what will be said, in all ages, and the wide world over, of their tender and beneficent ministries? So lovely in 8 their use, so useful in their loveliness, are these "Daffodils That come before the swallow dares, and tint The winds oi March with beauty. Violets dim, But sweeter Uian the lids of Juno's eyes Or Cytherea's breath." I There are two kinds or methods of utility. The one is obvious and direct; it turns out palpably before us in dollars and cents, in 10 bread and clothing, and a good many recognize no utility but this. But there is a kind of utility that comes in the way of general cul- II ture; it does not make us richer or more successful in any one definite shape, but ennobles nud enlarges our entire nature. tt Consider, too, the suggestive influence of plants and flowers. They have a power in this way in the city that they do not exercise 13 even in the country. The power and charm of contrast. The little flower that sprang up through the hard pavement of Picciola's 14 prison, was beautiful from contrast with the dreary sterility which surrounded it. So here, amid rough walls, are these fresh tokens of 15 nature. And oh! the beautiful lessons which flowers teach to chil- dren, especially in the city. The child can grasp with ease the 16 delicate suggestions of flowers. And then the poor seamstress, what consolation comes to her from the little box of mignionette that 17 stands on the garret window ledge. It speaks to her daily of the green fields far away, and in those sunny slopes of May her sadness 18 is forgotten, and it may be that by its influence her virtue lives sanctified and preserved. [Cheers.] It tells her, that that Provi- 114 ADDRESS OF CHAPIN. 1 dence which so solicitously ministers to the little plant, will not forget the children of penury. 2 Let me say in closing, that I would urge the cultivation, and the public exhibition of flowers especially, because they are not en- 3 tirely what is called "practically useful;'' there is in them an influ- ence and a charm like that which pertains to the splendors of sunset, 4 the autumnal tints, and the shadows that sail over the everlasting hills. "We need this unworldly attraction. "We need to be lifted up 5 by the suggestion that we are not all dust and ashes, or made for material ends by the suggestion of something indefinite, something 6 inexpressible, with which we are allied, and to which we tend, but which now we caimot completely grasp. Let us be thankful 7 for this unmarketable excellence, which is scattered so freely abroad. Let us be thankful for the possession of these flowers, whose fra- 8 gnmce sweetens the laborer's toil, and whose glory lines the trav- eller's way, thankful for this unmeasured, indefinable beauty that 9 saturates the universe; that flows among the stem realities of our lot, glows through the smoke of the furnace, clings to the furrow, 10 and overhangs the rough quarry, to show us that grand as the con- ception is, life is not all for work, and that rebukes that mere science 11 which, stripping the veils from nature, reveals it as only a stupen- dous and austere machine. 12 Flowers, though born of earth, we may well believe. if anj thing of earthly soil grows in the higher realm if any of its methods are 13 continued if any of its forms are identical there, will live on the bauks of the River of Life. Flowers! that in all our gladness, in all 14 our sorrow, are never incongruous always appropriate. Appro- priate in the church, as expressive of its purest and most social 15 themes, and blending their sweetness with the incense of prayer. Appropriate in the joy of the marriage hour, in the loneliness of the 16 sick-room, and crowning with prophecy the foreheads of the dead. They give completeness to the associations of childhood; and are *' appropriate even by the side of old age, strangely as their freshness contrasts with the wrinkles and the gray hairs; for still they are 18 suggestive, they are symbolical of the soul's perpetual youth, the inward blossoming of immortality, the amaranthine crown. In their 13 presence we feel that when the body shall drop as a withered calyx, the soul shall go forth like a winged seed. [Loud applause.] 115 -Y -1- - ' "..x-^S\ \. A ^ ^-v-f' s^ _ N /^ s ^-^ ""V^ , f~^, ^~ j , / ' - '^ ^ . r \.^. ^ ) ~Y~. ^ ^ \ ../.. V .v..C. V v^ I . ^ ' S^ * < "* . , "~~\ <- x 10 (^ ^ -'f 'N ? ---C- 10 ^ "^ ,C^",- U --V X ^? -^ < '-_., ( ')^X, S ^ L N . s, ^ L > , < (..>.- , L ,."'.>.(.>., X'xl;' "L" -V , ) . ^^Os .\> < --^ .Ve. v ; \ / , i s - ^ SL^.-J. ^^ i- /v ~i >^ O \-<- * ^ V x I 1 ' ' 7 1 c ~\ x^^i ^^ i N. v r > -A, o . d - ^^ ' 3 ^^ N - . . ^^ i ^ ,- ( n. v / v. v A^ '"^- S "^^ ^~ ~C ') "" . U c^ /-^ -^ v Vxt , -X^v- . e A ') c . ~t ^ 7 , ^ , < . \ xXI -i 5 ) v c r,''-^,^-^-. L^ ,- t ^'1 v \ ^-< o . r: . ~ \^ . ^^ > ^~ 1 r , ^x < , ,,-c \_ , . L^ ; < \ ) F ! - v "~~^ . '- -"^ " S *> (. , ^ v 1 -~- ^_ s. ' V v_^ ^ Ao ., ^. ^3 C TV J /*"~ (/ , N i -X^-- ' - _o LJ> x^ ^ i I J ^ > V. ^ ? ^> '" ^< ^ V V , / " ) vA, o s. _ ^ n ' ..]. C "V- / ' V- [^. " " <~ ^ -o^-O -_^ , /^ -f ' ___ I v J ! ^ -, , f '> f ' ^ ' _ ^ \ _ [ V. > I f s _ v. v ? ( > ' . ^ ^--i- c^ ^ L |.. 1 ^ V_J^ * . ' ^_^ -^-Vl ^f> * g ^ ^ _ ^ . . r "s , ^ , ^^^ . '\ V- v X SPEECH OF M. KOSSUTH. 121 ments still are. But at last the light spread over me, and I drank in full cups, with never-quenched thirst, from that limpid source of delightful instruction and of instructive delight. Thus I learnt the little English I know. But I learnt something more besides. I learnt politics. What! politics from Shakspere? Yes, gentlemen. What else are politics than philosophy applied to the government of men. and what is philosophy but the knowledge of nature and of the human heart; and who ever penetrated deeper into the recesses of these mysteries than did Shakspere? He furnished me the materials contemplative meditation wrought out the rest. Years passed over my head years full of strange vicissitudes, which, amid their incess- ant, comprehensive toils, have left to the patriot, to the publicist, to the legislator, to the minister, and at last to the governor occupied to defend his country against the unjust attack of two empires has left I say. no time, and the subsequent exile in Turkey, no opportunity, to renew acquaintance with that mute but eloquent teacher of mine; and I really thought I had long forgotten the little of your language I had learned from him, till on the very day when some foreign papers, with malignant scorn, told the world what a glorious task it would be for Lord Dudley Stuart to carry me, on my arrival in England, from town to town like a strange beast, and to tire out his own elo- quence in introducing me to the men of England, to whom I would bow expressively with a howling growl, like a full blood Indian of the far West, not being able to utter one English word [cheers] on that very day, I say, landing at Southampton, my kind and generous friend, Mr. Andrews, took me, yet half sea-sick, down to the Com- mon Council Hall, and bade me answer to the welcome I was honor- ed with. I really shuddered at the task; but the genius of my teach- er had torn the veil from my memory, and the generous forbearance of Englishmen bore with the unwieldiness of my ignorance. [Cheers.] Since that, in one uninterrupted series of eight months here, and in America, from New- York to St. Louis in the West, thence to New Orleans and Mobile in the South, and back to Massachusetts, glorious by the universality of the people's education, and by the people's gen- eral welfare, I had to speak more than 600 times. I had to speak to city magistrates, to delegations of cities and congregations, to the Con- gress of and the Legislatures in the United States, and to thousands of thousands of the people here and there. I had to answer many of the most eloquent speakers of our age, before the accomplished mas- 122 SPEECH OF M. KOSSUTH. tership of whom my orations sniik to atomic insignificance. I had to speak in academic halls, where to use the words of an American orator eloquence is made the business of life; in vast cities which poured out by hundred thousands their people to hail me; in those great gathering places where the rivers of people have their conflu- ence; and millions of free men listened to my stammering voice; and millions of free men cheered these, my stammering words, till at last, after all excitement long ago subsided and I carefully avoided stir- ling it up again 9,000 English working men, with a delicacy nearly bordering on poetry, honor me with such a precious testimony of their friendship and regard. [Cheers.] Why, my Lord, has all this oc- curred to me on account of the little English I know, or in compli- ment of the foreign accent which dashingly hurts the hearing of Englishmen ? It is that I touched a chord to which there is a thrilling echo m the breast of every honest man. It is because my theme was liberty, the very name of which is enough to electrify man's heart, and to bring tears of joy or tears of compassion to his eyes. It was be- cause I spoke of my country's virtues and of its unmerited misfortune, and held up its bleeding image to the world a theme which cannot L'.i M move man's heart, to make his blood boil up with execration against tyranny, and with hatred against injustice and despotism a theme sad enough to make the very stones in the street cry out for compassion and for sympathy. [Cheers.] The best thanks, in my opinion, are the pledge which I give you in the uame of my beloved people, that, abiding our time, we will endure sufferings, persecution, oppression, but we will not despair. [Cheers.] No adversities shall bend our resolution to have our country restored to its national rights; and to see it once more independent and free. Tyrants may rage in blind fury and decimate the patriots of Hungary; still, the day of re- tribution shall come. Yes, my Lord, the hangman's rope may stifle the curse on the oppressor's head, [cheers] which is mingled with the dyinir victim's last prayer, but no power on earth can prevent that curse from falling down on the oppressor's head [cheers] because thare is a God in heaven and there will be justice on earth. [Cheers.] The blood from the patriot's heart spilt at the tyrant's command may del- uge the soil of onr fatherland, and dogs may lick up what there was mortal in that blood, but no power on earth can prevent its immortal atoms from mounting to Almighty God like as the blood of Abel did mount. [Cheers.] The bodies of the martyrs may rot in the cold L v *> - 1 X, 6. ' 51- V v ,/ ~ C - - V^> ^ V ' - \ . ). i l Ti v. ~> ^- > I ^ t x-^ > I \ ? M v^ ^ >. Vf'^ - /< x ^~o \r N . . * v 2 1 \ ^^ T S r I ^- V, N v V, r -s "^ C~ l V r -v i , -7 ^ L