TU 24 C3 A3 "TLC' 70 THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU FERRY BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO FLETCHER HAMILTON State Mineralogist San Francisco] BULLETIN No. 70 [July, 1915 Mineral Production for 1914 With Mining Law Appendix COMPLIMENTS C r F. McN Hamilton STATE Mu^' LIBRARY or THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8—15" 1S655 California State Printing Office 19 15 LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CAUFORNIA J^AVIS TABLE OF CONTENTS. Chapter I. SUMMARY OF THE MINERAL INDUSTRY IN CALIFORNIA DURING THE ^'^^^ YEAR OF 1914 7 TABULATION OF THE MINERAL PRODUCTION FOR 1914, AMOUNT AND VALUE 8 lABLE SHOWING COMPARATIVE VALUE OF MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1913, 1914 9 LABLE SHOWING COMPARATIVE MINERAL PRODUCTION OF THE VARIOUS COUNTIES IN CALIFORNIA FOR 1913, 1914 10 Chapter II. FUELS (HYDROCARBONS) — Introductory 11 Coal 11 Natural Gas 12 Petroleum ^ 13 Chapter III. METALS — Introductory 20 Antimony 21 Copper 21 Gold 23 Iron 25 Lead 26 Molybdenum 27 Platinum 27 Quicksilver 28 Silver 30 Tungsten 31 Tin 32 Vanadium 32 Zinc 32 Supplement to Metals Production 33 Chapter IV. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS — Introductory 35 Asphalt 36 Bituminous Rock 36 Brick 37 Cement 40 Chrome . 41 Lime 42 Magnesite 43 Marble 47 Onyx and Travertine 48 Sandstone 49 Serpentine 50 Slate 51 Stone — Miscellaneous 51 Travertine. (See Onyx.) Chapter V. IXDUSTRLA.L MATERIALS — Introductory 56 Asbestos 57 Barytes 59 Bauxite 60 Clay 60 Feldspar 61 Fuller's Earth 62 Gems 63 Graphite 64 Gypsum 65 Infusorial Earth . 66 Limestone . 67 Manganese 68 Mica 69 Mineral Paint 70 Mineral Water 71 Pumice Stone . 73 Pyrite 73 OUARTZ 74 Sand, Glass 74 soapstone 75 Sulphur 76 Talc. (.See Soapstone.) IV TABLE OF CONTENTS. Chapter VI. salines- Introductory Borax Nitrates Potash Salt Soda Chapter VII. MINERAL production OF CALIFORNIA BY COUNTIES. INTRODUCTORY Alameda Alpine _. Amador Butte Calaveras Colusa Contra Costa Del Norte El Dorado Fresno — Glenn Humboldt _. Imperial Inyo Kern Kings — Lake Lassen Los Angeles Madera Marin Mariposa — Mendocino Merced Modoc Mono Monterey Napa Nevada Orange Placer Plumas Riverside Sacramento San Benito San Bernardino San Diego San Francisco San Joaquin San Luis Obispo San Mateo Santa Barbara Santa Clara Santa Cruz Shasta Sierra Siskiyou : Solano Sonoma Stanislaus Sutter Tehama Trinity Tulare Tuolumne — Ventura Yolo Yuba ___-- Chapter VIIL appendix. MINING LAWS PUBLICATIONS OF THE STATE MINING BUREAU COUNTY MAPS LETTER OF INTRODUCTION. The Bulletin herewith presented of the mineral industries of Cali- fornia is the result of a painstaking effort to so compile the statistics of production that they will be of actual use to producers and to those interested in the utilization of the mineral products of our State. In addition to the mere figures of output, we have included descriptions of the uses and characteristics of many of the materials, as well as a brief mention of their occurrences. The compilation of accurate and dependable figures is an extremely difficult undertaking, and the State Mineralogist takes the opportunity of here expressing his appreciation of the universal co-operation of the producers in making this work possible. The response to our request for early replies this year, especially on account of distributing the report at the Expositions being held here, is particularly pleasing ; and has enabled the results to be published earlier than in former years. A fuller appreciation of the value of early responses to the request sent out at the beginning of each year, will result in earlier publication of the data in the future. It is the evidence herein put forth that should make us realize the magnitude of our latent mineral resources in this State. Though the total value for 1914 reached the sum of, approximately, ninety-five and a half million dollars, it was a decrease of some five million dollars from that of 1913. This is not due to a falling off in any single item, but to the general business depression which pervaded the entire country for the greater part of the year. For the current year of 1915 there is a noticeably improved tone, particularly in gold mining. Except for the year 1883, the gold yield for 1914 was the largest California has shown since 1864. In addition to this many inquiries are being received relative to this State's resources in the industrial minerals, such as asbestos, chrome, magnesite, man- ganese and many others. Fletcher Hamilton, State Mineralogist. MINERAL INDUSTRY, CALIFORNIA, 1914 DATA COMPILED FROM DIRECT RETURNS FROM PRODUCERS IN ANSWER TO INQUIRIES SENT OUT BY CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU, FERRY BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. CHAPTER ONE Mineral production in California during the year 1914 amounted to $93,436,553 worth of crude materials. There were forty-two different mineral substances, and of the fifty-eight counties in the State all but two contributed some mineral product. The total value was less than that of 1913 by $5,208,086, owing to the general depression in business. Demand for mineral products varies with activity in other lines of industry. The mineral products which fell off most from the preceding year were petroleum, cement, copper, and stone of various sorts. The decrease in price of oil caused its decline in total value, though there was an increase in the amount produced. The other three pro- ducts mentioned fell off in amount as well as value. The figures of the State Mining Bureau are made up from reports made by the producers of the various minerals. Care is exercised in avoiding duplication, and any error is doubtless upon the side of under- estimation. It would be folly to attempt to set a limit of maximum mineral pro- duction for California, because the mineral resources are so extensive and have been so slightly developed along many lines. 8 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. The following table shows the yield of mineral substances of C; fornia for 1914, as compiled from the returns received at the St Mining Bureau, San Francisco, in answer to inquiries sent to produce Asbestos Barytes Bituminous rock Borax Brick Cement Chromite Clay Coal Copper Feldspar Fuller's earth Gems Gold 51 2,000 66,119 62,500 270,791 5,109,218 1,517 179,948 11,859 30,491,535 3,530 760 tons tons tons tons M bbls. tons tons tons lbs. tons tons Gypsum Infusorial earth Iron ore Lead Lime Limestone Magnesite Manganese Marble Mineral paint _- Mineral water __. Natural gas Petroleum Platinum Potash Pumice stone Pyrites Quartz Quicksilver Salt Sand, fire, etc. Sandstone Silver - Soapstone Soda _ Stone, miscellaneous* Tungsten ore — Zinc 29,734 12,840 1,436 4,697,400 439,961 572,272 11,438 150 25,436 132 2,443,572 16,529,963 102,881,907 330 10 50 79,267 2,500 11,373 223,806 26,038 111,691 tons tons tons lbs. bbls. tons tons tons cu. ft. tons gals. M. cu. ft. bbls. oz. tons tons tons tons flasks tons tons cu. ft. 1,000 tons 6,522 tons 4,&30 tons 399,641 lbs. Total •Including grranite, macadam, rubble, paving blocks, sand, and graveL ♦•Estimated. See supplement to Chapter Three — Metals, pp. 33, 34. STATISTICS OF ANNUA fi PRODUCTION. The following table shows the comparative value of minerals pro- duced in California during the years 1913 and 1914: 1913 Asbestos Barytes Bituminous rock Borax Brick Cement (^hromitc (lay ' (^al opper i t'ldspar I ullor's earth Gems Gold .- Graphite Gypsum Infusorial earth Iron ore Lead Lime Limestone Magnesite Manganese Marble Mineral paint Mineral water Natural gas Petroleum ^-_. Platinum Potash Pumice Pyrites Quartz rock Quicksilver Salt Sand, glass Sandstone Silver Soapstone Soda Stone, miscellaneous Tungsten ore Zinc 20. Totals Net decrease $1,175 3,680 78.479 ,491,530 ,915,350 743,024 12.700 261,273 85.809 343,023 7,850 3,700 13,740 406,958 25 135,050 35,968 4,485 160,202 528,547 274,455 77.056 113,282 1,780 599,748 053.292 578,014 17,738 4,500 218,537 7,756 630,042 462,681 14,143 27,870 832.553 6,150 24,936 1,168,020 234,673 64,845 Increase $1 3, 166 1.483, 2,288, 6,558, 9, 167, 28, 4,055, 16, 5, 3, 20,775, 530 000 618 500 227 148 434 552 806 375 565 928 970 000* 78,375 80,350 5,128 183,198 378.663 517,713 114.380 1,500 48,832 847 476,169 1,049,470 47,487,109 14,800* 460 1,000 230,058 4,800 557.846 583,553 17,888 45,322 814,230* 4,500 115,396 4,860,357 180,575 20,381 Decrease $98,644,639 $93,436,553 $355 $680 88,139 8,030 627,123 1,184,876 3,266 93 7'^1 57,003 1,287,648 8,715 2,228 9,770 368.042 44,382 643 22,996 243,258 37,324 1,500 460 1X521' 120,872 3,745 17,452 90,460 25 56,675 149,884 64,450 933 123,579 3,822 1,090.905 2.938 "'im "'"2'956 72,196 18,323 1,650 1,307,663 54,098 44,464 $5,208,086 •Estimated. See supplement to Chapter Three — Metals, pp. 33, 34. 10 MII^IERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. The following table shows the comparative value of the mineral pr duction of the various counties in the State for the years 1913 and 191- County 1913 Alameda Alpine Amador _. Butte Calaveras Colusa Contra Costa Del Norte El Dorado .._. Fresno Glenn Humboldt Imperial Inyo Kern Kings Lake Lassen Los Angeles Madera Marin Mariposa __. Mendocino _. Merced Modoc Mono Monterey __. Napa Nevada Orange Placer Plumas Riverside Sacramento San Benito San Bernardino _ San Diego San Francisco __ San Joaquin San Luis Obispo San Mateo Santa Barbara _ Santa Clara Santa Cruz Shasta Sierra Siskiyou Solano Sonoma Stanislaus Sutter ___ Tehama Trinity Tulare Tuolumne Ventura Yolo $844,217 $870,42' 541 3,013,180 3,230,07. 2,533,940 1,755,31. 2,042,901 2,068,34J 48,481 32,251 1,962,&40 1,149,321 2,514 5,27( 67,723 150, 08( 8,438,810 7,484,231 27.776 30,5K 471,052 233,57^ 95,054 239,14< 1,942,309 2,091,36^ 28,406,193 28,047,95' 1,335 74( 125,829 63,50; 2,382 4,32^ 5,833,298 4,665,50 371,867 203,51' 278,453 554,13 246,079 187,87( 9,450 56( 35,329 112,50( 6,875 1,73( 184,428 17,15( 178,679 113,831 1,186,353 971,74! 2,950,367 3,329,17$ 6,948,495 8,831,76. 520,808 1,099,74; 143,698 164,80( 2,071,969 1,579,58( 2,925,706 2,632,65^ 514,995 436,25J 2,486.100 1,614,60< 315,694 315,26 110,551 119,881 165,157 129,93( 63.675 63,46. 215.371 246,47^ 3,636,288 2,686,301 311,383 266,95( 1,816,805 1.642,95^ 6,212,344 5,044,98( 1,010,976 733,00( 309,986 384,751 1,839.721 1,683.86( 239,037 326.14^ 272,249 5M Yuba Unapportloned Totals $98,644,639 $93,436,5K 2,442 435,142 119,760 1.198,383 924,972 2,507,139 17.738 ar— Includes gold and sllrer production of Stanialaus. b — See Merced, c— Asbestos from Alame Calareras. El Dorado, Placer, ShaaU. AmounU not separable, d— PlaUniim from Butte. Del Norte, Sac m<>ntn Hiaktvnii. YiihA. Amniintji nnt annAmhlc!. H«« aUo HUDnlpiiiPiit to (Mint)tor Three — Metals. I). 33. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 11 CHAPTER TWO FUELS The most important mineral products of California are its fuels. This subdivision includes coal, natural gas and petroleum, the combined values of which make up approximately 50 per cent of the State's entire mineral industry. Comparison of values during 1913 and 1914 is shown in the following table : Substance 1913 1914 Decrease Coal $85,809 1,053,292 48,578,014 $28,806 1,049,470 47,487,109 $57,003 Natural gas 3,822 Petroleum 1,090,905 Totals $49,717,115 $48,565,385 $1,151,730 Coal. Reference: State Mineralogist Eeports VII, XII, XIII. Coal has been produced in California since as early as 1860, but the quality is not high, most of it being lignite. In competition with fuel- oU, coal of all grades has had to give way, and the low-grade domestic product has suffered severely. During 1914, there was a production reported from Amador, Contra Cost;!, Monterey and Siskiyou counties, totaling 11,859 tons, worth $28,806, most of it, however, coming from Amador and Monterey counties. Since 1887, the annual output of coal has been as follows : Year 1887 50.000 $150,000 380,000 288,232 283,019 204,902 209,711 167,555 139,862 193,790 161,335 196,255 337,475 420,109 535,531 401,772 1902 - - 88,460 93,026 79,062 46,500 24,850 23,734 18,496 49,389 11,033 11,047 14,484 25,198 11,859 $248,622 1888 95.000 1903 265,383 1889 121,280 1904 376,494 1890 110,711 93,301 85,178 72,603 59,887 79,858 1905 144,500 1891 1906 61,600 1892 1907 - 55,849 1893 1908 55,503 1894 1909 216,913 1895 1910 _ 23,484 1896 70,649 87,449 1911 18,297 1897 1912 39,092 1898 - . 1913 85,809 1899 160,941 1914 28,806 1900 176 956 1901 150,724 Totals 2,054,720 $5,689,900 12 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Natural Gas. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports VII, X, XII. Bulletin 6, 19, 69. Statistics on the production of natural gas in California are little better than a guess. The figures here given are certainly below the actual production, particularly in the six oil-produ counties. It is an exceptional oil property where gas in some quar does not occur. Many oil producing concerns make no mentior their gas, because ^hey have no method of measuring it, and it i widely used in the oil fields that it is frequently as lightly regarde sunshine or fresh air. Doubtless, considerable gas is wasted, bi sweeping condemnation of operators should not be indulged in. must be remembered that several of our important oil fields removed many miles from the site of any other industry, and that gathering of small amounts of gas and transporting it for any siderable distance, may not always be profitable. However, it is doubtedly a fact that greater saving can frequently be made ^ profit. Gas traps of various size and design are coming into more quent use. Some large operators are making commendable effort conserve the gas which accompanies oil and is richer than the so-ca ''dry gas" occurring in strata which do not produce oil. It will be noted that several counties produce gas which is not ace panied by oil. The value of gas as here shown is open to considerable question is certainly not too high. The average price is about 6^ per 1 cubic feet. Seven thousand cubic feet of gas is about equal to barrel of oil in heating value, and is so accounted for by m operators. Natural Gas, 1914. County M. cu. ft. Vali Fresno _. 250,000 $1 Humboldt ___ _ _ . Kern 6,508,868 150 1.250,000 1,867,336 80.000 154.872 6,313,380 5,357 100.000 3£ Kings Los Angeles Orange 11 Sacramento _- __ _ A San Joaquin 2 Santa Barbara 37 Solano _____ - _ Ventura Totals _- - — 16,529,963+ $1,04 STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 13 The annual production of natural gas in California since 1888 is as follows : Year Value Year Value 1888 $10,000 1903 $74,237 1889 - 12,680 33.000 1904 1905 91,035 1890 102.479 1891 30,000 1906 109.489 1892 55,000 1907 114,759 1893 68,500 1908 474,584 1894 __ 79,072 1909 616,932 1895 112,000 1910 1,676,367 1896 111,457 1911 491,859 1897 62,657 1912 940,076 1898 _ 74,424 1913 1.053,292 1899 95,000 1914 1,049,470 1900 34,578 1901 92,034 1902 99.443 Total $7,764,424 Petroleum. Reference: Bulletins 3, 11, 16, 19, 31, 32, 63, 69; State Mineralogist Reports IV. VII, X, XII, XIII. Chief of the fuels of California is petroleum. A complete descrip- tion of the industry is to be found in Bulletin 69, recently issued by the State Mining Bureau. In preparing the statistics for the year 1914, several sources of infor- mation were available for comparison and use. Several marketing concerns issue carefully prepared monthly statements of gross produc- tion in each field, and this department gathers figures on price and other matters, directly from oil producers. The figures here given on gross production and monthly operations, are largely those published by the Independent Oil Producers Agency, and the figures showing well operation by fields are from the Standard Oil Company. Segregation of figures by counties can be made directly from field reports in all oases except for Los Angeles and Orange counties, where the fields cross county lines. Figures on price are open to some question, as it must be remembered that a large portion of the oil does not enter the open market, but is consumed or refined directly by the producers. The prices given are averages for the oil which is actually sold. The business of producing oil is not so profitable as it should be. Many operators continue to drill wells when there is not a great demand, and the over-production, of course, depresses the price. Just profits and stable conditions are more nearly assured to the producer who is able to refine and retail his product. Realization of this fact is apt to lead to the formation of larger and stronger business units in the futur^. Doubtless, undue obstacles will not be placed in the way of 14 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. such changes, if they are carried out with reasonable regard to p welfare. The fact can not be too strongly emphasized that on resources are far from inexhaustible, and that needless produ hastens the day when we shall stand stripped of one of our most able assets. Raising oil from the ground and selling it at a price to to return the invested capital with interest, is about the same as c ing gold from a savings account and disposing of it at a discount, in most lines of human endeavor, some operators have entered tl business with more thought and preparation for the future than others. Production and Value of Oil by Counties. 1913 1914 County Bbls. Value Bbls. ^• Fresno i 18,956,965 58,698,432 4,143,690 9,485,362 6,291,076 20,000 899,007 $7,927,736 27,038,474 2,672,680 6,867,402 3,151,725 12,000 907,997 15,952,190 S7. Kern 65,332,633 3,558,690 12,758,678 4,325,787 10,000 943,929 26, Los Angeles __ 1 Orange _ _ 8 Santa Barbara _ 1, Santa Clara Ventura _ _ Totals _ _ _ _ _ _ 98,494,532 $48,578,014 102,881,907 $47, Average Price of Oil by Counties. County Fresno Kern Los Angeles Orange Santa Barbara __ Santa Clara Ventura State average 1913 41.8^ 45.25 762,489,115 The total value is as follows Year 1887-1909 :. I $136,693,228 1910 ' 37,689,542 mi ' 40,552,088 1912 41,868,344 1913 48,578,014 1914 j 47,487,109 !■ Total $352,868,325 1 Production by Fields. (Barrels 42 gallons.) Field 1913 1914 Inc. -h Dec. — Kern River 10,499,609 4.520.549 39.277,370 5,272,630 18,696,110 4,843,683 1.009,633 2,M2,684 10.685,146 59,400 20,000 7,227.422 3.871.352 49.408,493 4.825,366 15,952,190 4,266,387 943,929 2,456,937 13,860,431 59,400 10.000 3.222.087— McKittrick 649j97-_ Midway-Sunset _ . 10,131,1234- Lost Hills-Belridge Coalinga 447,264— 2,743.920— Santa Maria-Lompoc Ventura County-Newhall Los Angeles-Salt Lake 577,29e- 65,7(M- 485.747— Whittier-Fullerton 3.175.285+ Summerland _ _ Watsonville 10.000— Totals - _ _ -_ -__ ♦97,776.714 102.881.907 5.105.193+ ♦Total used by Bureau last year, 98,494,532 barrels. 16 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Well Operations by Months, 1914. Producing DrilUng number Active Idle Active Ab£ 31 5,781 1.508 263 44 5,787 1.525 241 34 5,802 1.529 234 33 5,847 1.512 279 63 5,879 1.494 255 45 5.954 1.487 239 38 5,988 1.488 239 29 5.985 1.530 226 30 5,829 1.713 198 32 5,817 1.744 176 23 5,826 1.765 161 36 5,909 1,697 147 438 627 37 5.867 1.583 222 52 " 5.880 1.154 349 January February March April May June July August September October November December Totals, 1914 Totals, 1913 _— Monthly av., 1914 Monthly av., 1913 Well Operation by Fields, 1914. Field Producing Dec.. 1913 Producing Dec, 1914 Dec. Com- pleted Kern River McKittrick Midway-Sunset Lost Hills-Belridge Coalinga Santa Maria-Lompoc . Ventura-Newhall Los Angeles-Salt Lake Whittier-Fullerton — . Summerland Watsonville Totals 1,397 254 1,214 185 867 221 409 682 514 122 5 5,870 1.385 251 1.376 240 815 235 442 687 568 102 5 6.106 162 55 236 52 20 15 9 206 49 30 6 35 9 62 421 The proportion of heavy and light oil produced in the various is shown by the following figures, for which we are indebted t Standard Oil Company. Oil below 18° Baume may be generally sidered as unrefinable, or fuel, oil; while the lighter oils yield va: amounts of refined products and a very large proportion of resic or fuel oil. A very few years ago, the total amount of heavy oil w excess of the light oil. STATISTICS OP ANNUAL PRODUCTION. Production of Light and Heavy Oil by Fields. 17 1 Field Per cent Under 18<>, bbls. Per cent 180 and above, bbl8. ToUl bbls. Kern River - •100 100 21 2 7,030.545 3,820,857 10,554,589 96.877 79 98 55 88 89 7,030,545 McKittrick - 3,820,857 50.025.843 Midway-Sunset 39,471,254 Lost Hills-Belridgo 4,734,044 i 4,830,921 Ooalinca - - -- 45 ! 7.113.471' 8.812,416 i 15.925.887 Lompoc and Santa Maria Ventura County and Newhall— Los Angeles and Salt Lake Whittior-Fullerton -- 12 11 96 2 100 499,635 111,208 2,407,855 232,271 55.743 3,803,445 857,213 96,620 13,898,277 4,303,080 968,421 2,504,475 14,130,548 SiniHiiorland 55,743 100 27,375 27,375 Totals 31 31.923,051 69 71,700,644 103,623,695 Financial results of the oil business during 1914 are shown by the following tables to be not greatly different from those of 1913, as pub- lished in Bulletin No. 69. It is particularly worthy of notice that the profitable, or dividend-paying, companies received a slightly higher price for their product than the average market price, probably due to the higher grade of oil produced by them. It is also noticeable that 1 heir production cost per barrel is slightly lower than the average, due to the fact that their wells are more productive. Operating cost per well is not always lower for the dividend companies than others. Profit- able operations seem to depend generally upon large wells, high-grade oil, and proximity to market. There is nothing to indicate that un- natural causes or manipulations have affected the profits of one pro- ducer against another. It should be particularly noted that both price and profits are greater in the Los Angeles and Orange County fields than in others. Doubtless this is largely due to the proximity to market. There is a large supply of oil now in storage which, in many cases, might better be left in the ground and not subjected to losses by fire, leakage and evaporation as well as cost of storage. According to the {Standard Oil Company, the stocks on hand on December 31st, amounted to 58,526.274 barrels, which is an increase of 10,656,097 barrels during the year. The figures are practically the same as those of the Inde- pendent Oil Producers Agency. The oft-repeated statement that this is less than a year's supply is of little moment in the face of a steady production which can supply the regular demand. It would be extremely interesting to know what portion of the stock on hand is low-- grade oil. In view of the difference in value and marketableness of various grades of oil, the concerns publishing monthly statistics would render to the public and themselves a distinct service by showing some- thing of the amounts of high and low gravity oil produced and stored. 2 — 18655 18 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Financial and Operating Condit ion of California Oil Fields, 1914 No. of companies considered Per cent of total pro- duct of companies considered Capital Field Cash Pn Coalinga _ 55 60 78 55 38 41 $9,013,130 sq Kern River _ 6,433,818 3 Midway 4,319,634 19 Sunset 33 2,260,571 7 McKittrick, Belridge-Lost Hills Santa Maria, Lompoe, Summerland Ventura _ _ _ 19 14 22 50 73 57 894,970 9 3,593,280 19 1,000,053 2 Los Angeles, Orange 26' 25 3,195,260 4 Sub-totals 307 30 $30,710,716 $76 Miscellaneous and marketing 65,868,180 57 Totals . - -_ _ 337 $96,578,896 $133 STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 10 — »r5 oc Tc CO Q »C CO OS 00 C^ lO 5 i7 i tqcoiocccoosi-jr* 06 1-M CO 00 -^ CO 00 lO ""r ^ «c 00 "^ ^ c-J i « ; 1 Irs 1 I'D V 1 1 t 1 &« 1 1 1 ^ 1 laS {•^iii^ *l ! S3 I ^ ' T — ^ — I? +J I 5k. B St H ria, J minor Ooun gcles coun as «« 03 > ^ii 03 3 C r, ::: c Z 5 r ~ 1 11 sot cKittr and L antaM and S entura OS A Orang ^11 w iis: ~. y: ^, Xj > J »<; bjs, eg <5 — CO. OS !>; t^ p t>; CO CO ^ CO CO "f o OS > O "^ OS ITS ! a oj OS a o 2 S OS £~ G^ s c w Co— s^oSfO O ;i: :? X ^ 'x > ^ 20 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. CHAPTER THREE. METALS. The total value of metals produced in California during 1914 \\ $26,606,533. The chief of these is gold, followed in order by copp silver, quicksilver, lead, tungsten, zinc, platinum, and iron. Depos of ores of antimony, molybdenum and vanadium are also to be found the State, although for 1914 there was no commercial output of tht materials. California leads all states in the Union in her gold production ai the precious metal is widely distributed throughout the State. Thirl two of the fifty-eight counties contain actively operated gold mines. Copper, which is second in importance among the metals of the Sta occurs in the following general districts : the Shasta County belt, whi is by far the most important ; the Coast Range deposits, extending mc or less continuously from Del Norte in the north to San Luis Obis County in the south; the Sierra Nevada foothill belt, starting Plumas and running in a general southerly direction through t Mother Lode counties and ending in Kern; the eastern belt in Mo and Inyo counties ; and the southern belt, in San Bernardino, Riversic and San Diego counties. Silver is not generally found alone in the State, but is almost inva: ably associated to a greater or less extent wdth gold, copper and lea Quicksilver, while comparatively small in the value of its annn output, has for many years been one of the State's staple products ai California supplies about 80 per cent of the nation's output of tl metal. Tungsten likewise is found in but few other localities. Large deposits of iron ore have long been known in many sections the State, but for various economic reasons this branch of the miner industry is still in its infancy here. A comparison of the metal output with that of 1913 is afforded 1 the following table: 1913 1014 Metal Amount Value Amount Value or dec. - Copper Gold 34.471,118 lbs. "'" '2,343 tons 3.640,951 lbs. 368 oz. 15.661 flsks. $5,343,023 20.406,958 4,485 160.202 17,738 630,042 832.553 234 678 64,845 30.491,535 lbs. $4,055,375 20,775.000* 5,128 183,198 14.800* 557,846 814,230* 180.575 20,381 $1,287,64 368,04 Iron ore Lead Platinum — Quicksilver . Silver 1,436 tons 4,697,400 lbs. aso oz. 11,373 flsks. 64. 22,99( 2.{);i 72, UK 18.32 Tungsten ore Zinc 7,592 tons 1,157,^7 lbs. 4.830 tons 399,641 lbs. 54,09{ 44.46 Totals $27,694,519 $26,606,533 $1,087.98( * Estimated. See supplement, pp. 83. 84. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 21 Antimony. Reference: Bulletin 38. State Mineralogist Reports XII, XIII. Antimony is known to exist in a number of places in California, having been reported from Kern, Inyo, Riverside, San Benito, and Santa Clara counties. The Kern County deposits, some of which carry metallic antimony, are possibly the best known, and efforts were made to work some of them before California was a part of the United States. The commonest occurrence is in the form of the sulphide, stibnite. No production, however, has been maintained, and none was reported for 1914. The high price of antimony since the European war (36.5f^, July 1, 1915) has caused considerable interest in this metal, and future developments may be expected. Recent advices indicate a commercial production for the current year, 1915, as some Kern County ore is being smelted at a plant in Los Angeles. During the years 1887-1901 various small lots of antimony ore were mined and sold, amounts and values being shown in the following table : Year Tons Value 1887 _____ _ ._ 75 100 50 150 33 17 20 40 75 70 50 $15,500 1888 20,000 1893 2,250 1894 6,000 1895 1896 1897 1898 ___:____ _ __ -_ _ 1,485 2,320 3,500 1,200 1899 _ ___ 13,500 1900 5,700 1901 8,350 Totals $79,805 Copper. Reference: Bulletins 23 and 50. State Mineralogist Reports VII, XIII. Copper is one of the staple minei-al products of the State, being pro- duced chiefly in Shasta County, and a much smaller amount coming from Calaveras County. Sixteen counties in all report some produc- tion. The production during 1914 was 30,491,534 pounds, valued at 13.3^ per pound, totalling $4,055,374; which is a decrease in both amount and value from the previous year, the 1913 price having been 15.5^. The European war caused a decrease in copper mining for a time, which has been counteracted by renewed activity more recently. The same cause has also raised the price from the 1914 average of 13.3^ above given, to 16.3^ for the first six months of 1915, the closing June figure being 20.0^. Further efforts have been made during the past year in the improve- ment of methods of handling the smelter smoke; and recent reports 22 MINKKAl. IXDlSTin" OT' CALIFORNIA. iiidicntt' .'1 I'csiiiiiption of the large plant ol' llic Balaklala eompanj' Shasta County. Distribution by counties for 1914 follows: County Pounds Value Amador ___„ . _ _. 5,215 4,468,998 13,081 336,423 7,394 19,089 35,359 277,472 39 453 150,000 36,102 19,069 30 25,122,766 45 Calaveras __ 59 Imperial __ Invo 4 Kern _._ _._ _ ._ Lassen 3Ia(l(Ma Mariiiosa Xt'Nada _ . ... ._ 3 I'laeer -Piiiiii:;s 1 Rivers Hie San Bernardino San Diego . . Shasta 3,34 Tuolumne _ _ . Totals .. . 30,491,535 $4,05 Amount and value of copper production in California annually si such records have been compiled by the State Mining Bureau is gi in the following tabulation: Value 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1,600,000 1,570,021 151,505 23,347 3,397,455 2,980,944 239,682 738,594 225,650 1,992,844 $19; 23. l: 42' 34; 2 7: 2 19! 1897 .- 13,638,626 21,543,229 23,915,486 29,515,512 34,931,788 27,860,162 19.113.861 29,974,154 16.997,489 28,726,448 32.602.945 40.868.772 65.727.736 53.721.032 36,838,024 34,169,997 34,471,118 30,491,535 1,54 1898 1899 2,47 3,99 1900 - - _ _ -- - 4,74 1901 . -. .- 5,50 1902 3,23 1903 _ 2,52 1904 - 3,96 1905 _ 2,65 1906 - 5,52 1907 - - 6,31 1908 ..- 1909 _ -_ 5,35( 8,47 1910 _„ — - 1911 - 6,68( 4,60 1912 - - 5.63} 1913 _- 5,34. 1914 _ - 4,05 Totals - 588,027,956 $84,18' STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 23 Gold. Rifo'incc: All State Minei'aloiiist Kcporls. bulletins 36, 45, 57. Uold is one of the most important mineral products of California, and its early discovery undoubtedly was the prime cause of the rapid development of the State. There is a marked tendency toward increased activity in gold mining, as investors realize that many of the mines and prospects have not been exhausted. It is a})soluteIy neces- sary that owners of prospects and small mines, who wish to dispose of their property or see it developed, should realize that most large invest- ments of that sort are made only after thorough investigation. Fre- quently, demands for large cash payments have turned away capitalists who would otherwise have been willing to risk an equal amount in development work. The State Mining Bureau has never independently collected statistics I" gold, platinum and silver production, as there is no necessity for duplicating the very thoroughly organized work of the U. S. Geological Survey covering those metals. In order to expedite the issuing of this publication, the Survey's data not yet being available, the production of precious metals is here estimated,* the figures being close enough for ordinary commercial purposes. About 60 per cent of the yield is from the ''deep,'' or quartz, mines, the balance being from placers, this 'liter designation also including the dredges. *See supplement nt end of this chapter, pp. 33, 34. 24 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. The total production for 1914 is estimated at $20,775,000, an incr( of approximately $370,000 over 1913 ; and was distributed by coun about as follows: County Amador $34C Butte IjC Calaveras 1*40 Del Norte El Dorado ig Fresno \ i Humboldt 1 Imperial 2C Inyo 27 Kern 6C Lassen Madera Mariposa 13 Merced and Stanislaus* 11 Modoc Mono . Monterey Nevada 3,3G Placer 6C Plumas 14 Riverside 1 Sacramento 2,17 San Bernardino 20 Shasta 1,1C Sierra 73 Siskiyou 31 Trinity 7c Tuolumne 95 Yuba 2,8C Total -—I $20,77 *Merced and Stanislaus combined to conceal output of a single dredge in each county. Total Gold Production of California. The following table was compiled by Chas. G. Yale, of the Divii of Mineral Resources, U. S. Geological Survey, but for a numbei years statistician of the California State Mining Bureau and the U Mint at San Francisco. The authorities chosen for certniii ]K^r: were: J. D. Whitney, state geologist of California; John Art Phillips, author of ''Mining and Metallurgy of Gold and Silv (1867); U. S. Mining Commissioner R. W. Raymond; U. S. Mir Commissioner J. Ross Browne ; Wm. P. Blake, Commissioner from C fomia to the Paris Exposition, where he made a report on "Preci Metals" (1867) ; John J. Valentine, author for many years of annual report on precious metals published by Wells Fargo & C pany's Express; and Louis A. Garnett, in the early days managei the San Francisco refinery, wlioro records of gold receipts and si ments were kept. Mr. Yale obtained other data from the report? the director of the U. S. Mint and the director of the U. S. Geolog STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 25 Survey. The authorities referred to, who were alive at the time of the original compilation of this table in 1894, were all consulted in person or by letter by Mr. Yale with reference to the correctness of i their published data, and the final table quoted was then made up. j The figures of the last nine years are those prepared by the U. S. Geological Survey, except for 1914, which is estimated : Tear Value Year Value 1848 $245,301 10,151,360 41,273,106 75,938,232 81,294,700 67,613,487 69,433,931 55,485,395 57,509,411 43,628,172 46,591.140 45,846,599 44,095,163 41.884.995 38,854,668 23,501,736 24,071,423 17,930,858 17,123,867 18,265,452 17,555,867 18,229,044 17,458,133 17,477,885 15,482,194 15,019,210 17,264,836 16,876,009 15,610.723 16.501,268 18,839,141 i 19,626,654 1 20,030,761 1 19,223,155 1 17,146,416 1883 $24,316,873 1849 1850 1851 1852 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 13,600,000 12,661,044 14,716,506 13,588,614 1853 . _ _ 12,750,000 1854 1855 1856 : 1857 . - 11,212,913 12,309,793 12,728,869 12,571,900 1858 12,422,811 1859 1860 1861 1862 _ _ 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 13,923,281 15,334,317 17,181,562 15,871,401 1863 1864 1865 15,906,478 15,336,031 15,863,355 1866 1867 __ ._ _ _ . _ _ 16,989,044 16910,320 1868 16,471,264 1869 1904 _ _ 19.109,600 1870 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 19,197,043 1871 18,732,452 1872 1873 16,727,928 18,761,559 1874 20.237,870 1875 19,715,440 1876 _ _... ___ 1911 1912 _ - - - 19,738,908 1877 19,713,478 1878 1913 1914 Total _ — 20,406,958 1879 *20, 775,000 1880 1881 $1,608,862,904 1882 *Estimated. See supplement at end of this chapter, pp. 33, 34. Iron Ore. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports II, IV, V, X, XII, XIII. Bulletin 38. Iron ore to the extent of 1,436 tons, valued at $5,128, was produced in Shasta County during the year 1914. This was smelted by the elec- trical process. There are considerable deposits of iron ore known in California, but production has never amounted to much, on account of our having no economic supply of coking coal. Developments along the line of elec- trical smelting, or discoveries making valuable our petroleum fuel, would lead to considerable increase of iron mining in California. 3—18655 26 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Total iron ore production in the State, with annual amounts values, is as follows: Year Tons Va 1893 _ 250 200 400 108 579 558 2,508 2,343 1,436 1894 _ ._ . 1907 .._ 1909 1910 1911 1912 . - . _ _ _ 1913 . . .-_ 1914 _ Totals 8,382 $ Lead . Reference: State Mineralogist Reports IV, VIII, X. Lead was produced in the year 1914, to the extent of 4,697 pounds, which at 3.9^ per pound, was valued at $183,198, beir considerable advance over the previous year. The principal produc comes from Inyo County, where the base ores are mined and sent a to smelters. On account of the European war, the price has incre; to around 6^ per pound, since the close of 1914. County returns for 1914, showino- amounts and values in < instance, are as follows: County Pounds .. Amador _ __ 44 513 30 90 4,626,934 379 145 385 2,058 45.110 21,565 58 89 Butte Calaveras __. _. El Dorado _. . Inyo ..-_ _.. _ . _ __ 1 Kern . ___ Nevada _ . ._ Placer _._ _ _ Plumas San Bernardino __ . _ _ Shasta __ _ _ _ Siskiyou ._ . _ . _ __ Tuolumne Totals 4,697,400 %^\ I STATISTICS OF ANNUA!. IMJODIXTION. Statistics on lead production in California were first compiled by this lUireau in 1887. Amount and value of the output, annually, with total tiirurcs, to date, are given in the following table: Year Tons Value 1S87 ._- 1^ 1S89 1890 580 450 470 400 570 680 333 475 796 646 298 328 360 520 360 175 55 62 266 169 164 562 1,343 1,508 701 685 1,820 2,349 $52,200 38.250 35,720 36 000 1891 _ 49.020 54,400 1892 ... 1893 1894 1895 1896 . _ 24,975 28.500 49,364 38,805 1897 1898 1899 1900 . - - - - - 20,264 23,907 30,642 41,600 1901 -- - -_ 28,820 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 . _- -- 12.230 3,960 5,270 25,083 19,307 ieo7 1908 1909 16.690 46,663 144,897 1910 1911 - -_ . _ _ . 134,082 63.173 1912 61,653 1913 1914 160,202 183,198 Totals 17,125 $1,428,875 Molybdenum. Bcfcrence: Bulletin 67, ''Molybdenite." Molybdenum is used to a limited extent in the steel industry, and also s a base for the tungsten filaments in electric bulbs. Deposits of dis- ^t^minated molybdenum ores have been observed in several localities in California, but no commercial production has been attempted to date, on account of the difficulties of concentrating the sulphide. The above reference gives detailed data on occurrence, character- istics, etc., of this material. Platinum. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports XII, XIII. Bulletins 38, 45. Platinum is a by-product from California's placer operations for old. As explained under the heading of Gold, the State Mining Bureau does not collect the statistics on platinum, but it is safe to estimate that about 330 ounces were produced during 1914, which came from Butte, Del Norte, Sacramento, Siskiyou, and Yuba counties. 28 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. There have been occasional reports of platinum being found in vein materials, but as j^et, no authentic case has come to the notice of our laboratory. The annual production and value since 1887, have been as follows : Value 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 189i 1895 1896 1897 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 lOO 500 500 600 lOO 80 75 100 150 162 150 300 300 250 39 Totals 200 91 30O 706 416 337 511 603 368 330 7,268 $400 2,000 2,000 2,500 500 440 517 600 900 944 900 1,800 1,800 3,200 468 1,052 1,849 3,320 1,647 6,255 13.414 10.400 8.386 14,873 19,731 17,738 *14,800 $132,434 ♦Estimate. See supplement at end of this chapter, pp. 33, 34. Quicksilver. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports IV, X, XII, XIII. Bulletin 27. U. S. G. S., Monograph XIII. Quicksilver was produced in nine counties in 1914, to the amount of 11,373 flasks, valued at $557,846, which is a decrease in value from the previous year. The European war caused a considerable rise in the price of quicksilver, due to the prohibition of exports from Austria and Italy, and the retention of the Spanish output in England. Immediate steps were taken by many to reopen old quicksilver properties which had been idle for many years. Doubtless, tlie coming year will show a marked advance in production. The following table of monthly San Francisco prices per flask of 75 pounds, will indicate the decided change in the status of quicksilver during the year. The average for the first six months was $38.96 per flask, and the second half, $59.14, or an average for the year of $49.05. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 29 The 1915 price will show a still greater increase. As San Francisco is the primary domestic market tor quicksilver, the average yearly price on this market has always been used by the State Mining Bureau (and the U. S. Geological Survey also) in calculating the value of the State's output of this metal. The 1913 figure was $40.23 per flask. Average price January February March ___ April May June $39 25 39 OO 39 00 38 90 39 00 38 60 July August --- September October __ November December Average price $37 50 80 OO 76 25 53 00 55 00 53 10 The important uses of quicksilver are the recovery of gold and silver by amalgamation, and in the manufacture of fulminate for explosive caps, of drugs, of electric appliances, and of scientific apparatus. By far the greatest consumption is in the first two mentioned. Though some domestic yield of this metal is now obtained from Texas, Nevada and Arizona, the bulk of the output still comes from California. The following table shows distribution by counties in 1914, with increase or decrease in amount in each instance, a^ compared with 1913 : County Fresno Lake Napa San Benito San Luis Obif?po. Santa Clara Solano Sonoma Trinity Yolo Totals ._ X<'t decrease Amount, flasks Value 148 $7,259 331 16,236 240 11,772 6,633 325,349 1,266 62,097 2,407 118,063 320 15,696 13 638 15 736 11,373 $557,846 106 320 1 15 227 64 47 1,302 4,288 30 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. The total amount and value of the quicksilver production of Cali- fornia since records were first compiled by the State ^Mining Bureau are given in the following tabulation : Year 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 Totals 33,760 $1,425,000 33,250 1.413,125 26,4(1 1 1.190,500 22,9:^ti 1 .2(J3,61o 22,904 1,036,386 27,933 1,139,600 30,164 1,108,527 30,416 934,000 36,104 1,337,131 30,765 1,075,449 26,648 993,445 31,092 1,188,626 29,454 1,405,045 26,317 1,182,786 26,720 1,285,014 29,552 1,276,524 32,094 1,335,954 28,876 1,086,323 24,655 886,081 19,516 712,334 17,379 6a3,178 18,039 763.520 16,217 773,788 17,665 799,002 19,109 879,205 20,600 866,024 15,661 630,042 11,373 557,846 705,653 $29,148,070 Silver. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports IV, VIII, XII. Silver in California is produced largely as a by-product in gaining other metals. The following figures are simply estimated, as ('xi)lniti('d STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 31 under the heading of Gold. The average price of silver during 1914 was d4:.S^' per ounce at New York: County County Amador Hutte Calaveras Dol Norte Kl Dorado I'resno Humboldt Imperial Inyo Kern Lassen Madera Mariposa Merced and Stanislaus* Modoc ,. Mono $18,000 4,000 60,000 20 40O 20 100 8,000 255,000 10,000 10 50 500 500 10 10,000 Monterey Nevada Placer Plumas Riverside Sacramento ___ San Bernardino Shasta Sierra Siskiyou Trinity Tuolumne Yuba Total $20 27,000 4,500 2,900 100 3,500 •40,000 345,000 3,000 1,100 3,500 11,000 6,000 $814,230 *.Me:(eil niul Stanislaus combined to conceal output of a single dredge iii each. The value of the silver produced in California each 3^ear since 1887 as follows: Year Value 1887 _ _ ___ - $1,632,003 1,700,000 754,793 1,060,613 953,157 463,602 537,157 297,332 599,789 422,463 452,789 414,055 504,012 1888 . _____ 1889 __- 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1S98 1S99 1900 1,510,344 1901 1.229.356 ' Value 1902 ! $616,412 1903 - I 517,444 1904 873,525 1905 678,494 1906 I 817,830 1907 J 751,646 1908 ' 873,057 1,091,092 1910 993,646 1911 673,336 1912 799,584 1913 832,553 1914 I *814,230 Total j $22,864,314 ♦Estimate. See supplement at end of this chapter, pp. 33, 34, Tungsten, Reference: Bulletins 38, 67, Tungsten, which is used in the steel industr}^ and in the manufacture of electrical appliances, is produced by a few operators in California. A Tost of the California tungsten ore is scheelite, though w^olframite and hiibnerite also occur. The value of the ore is based upon the content of tungstic trioxide (WO3), and quotations are commonly made per unit of WO3 present. In 1914 there were mined 4,830 tons, valued at >^1 80,575, which is a decrease from the previous year. 32 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. The annual value of tungsten produced in California since the incep- j tion of the industrj^ is given herewith : Year Value Year Value 1905 $18,800 189,100 120,587 37,750 190,500 208,245 1911 1912 . 1913 $127,706 206,000 234,673 1906 1907 1908 1914 Total 180,575 1909 1910 $1 513 936 Tin. Reference: Bulletin 67, " Cassiterite. " Tin is not at present produced in California; but during 1891-2, there was some production from a small deposit near Corona, in River- side County, as tabulated below. Small quantities of stream tin have been founid in some of the placer workings in northern California, but never in paying amounts. Total output of tin in California : Year Pounds Value 1891 - — — 125,289 126,000 sL'7.:.t;4 1892 -. _- ^ __ _ __ 32,400 Totals -- - 251,289 $59,964 Vanadium. Reference: Bulletin 67. No commercial production of vanadium has been made in California. Occurrences of this metal have been found in the southeastern portion of the State and two companies have done considerable development work recently in the endeavor to open up paying quantities. Ore carrying the mineral cuprodescloizite and reported as assaying 4% YgOj, is being developed at Camp Signal, near Goffs, in San Bernar- dino County. There is a growing demand for vanadium, for use in the steel industry. Zinc. Reference: Bulletins 38, 67. Zinc was produced principally in Inyo County during 1914, to the amount of 399,641 pounds, valued at $20,381, which is a very marked decrease from the production of 1913. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 33 Total production figures for zinc output of the State are as follows: Year Pounds 1906 ' 1907 ' jgQg _ ! 1911 "^]"'Il^-ri"-I""---^---"---^--^^--------^----^ 1912 1913 1914 Total value 4,331,391 1,157,947 399.641 $12,566 10,598 3,544 152,751 298,866 64,845 20,381 $563,551 SUPPLEMENT TO METALS PRODUCTION. As noted under Gold in the foregoing pages, in order not to delay the issuance of this bulletin, the output of gold, platinum and silver was estimated, the final figures not then being available. In the interim, however, and subsequent to the main portion of this report being put into type, the data have been completed and received from the Ignited States Geological Survey, through the courtesy of ]\Ir. Charles G. Yale, Statistician in charge of the San Francisco branch office of the Division of Mineral Resources. Anyone wishing fuller details of the production of these metals may obtain the same by apply- ing to the U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C, for a copy. of the ''separate'.' on the subject. County Gold. Value Platinum. Value Silver. Value Amador ^ Butte Calaveras Del Norte EI Dorado Fresno Humboldt Imperial Inyo Kern Lassen Madera Mariposa Modoc ^lono )»Ionterey Nevada Placer Plumas Riverside Sacramento San Bernardino Shasta Sierra Siskiyou Trinity Tuolumne Yuba Merced and Stanislaus'' Totals, Totals, 1914 1913 $3,082,002 1,697,120 1,336,875 2,035 133,886 10,231 18,686 210,428 265,734 594,337 1,250 ! 4,506 : 131,458 I 527 ■: 6,82.1 ^ 4,424 i 3,301,948 597,212 136,237 11,230 2,1^1,491 209,472 1,101,202 722.163 312,842 743,512 940,793 2,800,713 111,361 $3,811 294 643 115 7.108 304 151 $20,653,496 20,406,958 2,377 $17,032 3,533 60,442 9 654 31 57 8,961 258,016 8,002 4 36 677 5 9,089 19 26,813 4,ft43 3,162 89 3,481 37,459 346,706 2,966 1,026 3,374 12,017 5,295 340 $14,803 17,738 $813,938 832,553 ♦Combined to conceal output of a single dredge in each county. 34 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. GOLD SUMMARY. The total gold produced in California in 1914 was 999,112.95 fine ounces, valued at $20,653,496, as compared with 987,186.59 fine ounces valued at $20,406,985 in 1913, or an increase of 1.21%. With the exception of 1883, tliis is the largest production of any year siint 1S64. The "deep" or quartz mines of the State yielded 559,826.79 fine ounces of gold, valued at $11,572,647. Of the deep mine gold 541,743.92 fine ounces valued at $11,198,841 was derived from siliceous ore; 16,630.14 fine ounces, valued at $343,776, was derived from copper ore ; 35.37 fine ounces valued at $731 from lead ore ; 71.69 fine ounces valued at $1,482 from silver ore; and from silver-lead ores 1,345.65 fine ounces valued at $27,817. The placer yield of gold in 1914 was 439,286.06 fine ounces valued at $9,080,849. Of this $702,884 was derived from 105 hydraulic mines; $7,783,394 from 60 dredges; $329,948 from 70 drift mines and $264,623 from 105 surface or sluicing mines. The placers produced 43.97% of the total gold yield for 1914, and the deep mines 56.03% as compared witli 43.30% and 56.70% for placers and deeps respectively during 1913. The dredges in the State produced 37.69% of the total gold yield from all sources in 1914, or 85.71% of the total placer gold. SILVER SUMMARY The yield of silver in California in 1914 was 1,471,859 fine ounces valued at $813,938, an increase in quantity of 93,460 ounces, but a decrease in value of $18,615. The larger portion of the output, or 1,267,752 fine ounces valued at $701,068, was derived from crude smelting ores. The largest production of silver came, as usual, from Shasta County from the smelting of copper ores. Inyo County fol- lows Shasta, with a yield of 466,575 ounces valued at $258,016, derived from silver-lead ores. The silver obtained with gold in placer raining in the State in 1914 was 34,877 fine ounces valued at $19,287. The silver recovered by amalgamation in association with gold in quartz ores was 84,421 fine ounces valued at $46,685. The production from concentrates treated at custom mills and smelters was 22,444 fine ounces valued at $12,411. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 35 CHAPTER FOUR. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS. lS indicated by this chapter heading, the mineral substances herein Lsidered are those more or less directly used in building and structural >rk. California is independent, so far as these are concerned, and Imost any reasonable construction can be made with materials produced in the State. This branch of the mineral industry for 1914 was valued nt $14,469,981, showing a decrease from 1913 like many other lines, owing to the financial depression. Only a few years ago its value was of no significance in considering the total mineral production of the State. With the growth, in population and otherwise, of California, this subdivision of the mineral industry in the State will increase indefinitely. Deposits of granite, marble and other building stones are distributed widely throughout the State, and slowly but surely trans- portation and other facilities are being extended so that the growing demand may be met. The largest single item, cement, has an unpar- alleled record of growth since the inception of the industry in California twenty-three years ago. Not until 1904 did the annual value of cement produced reach the million-dollar mark. It increased 500 per cent in nine years. Crushed rock production is yearly becoming more worthy of consideration, due to the strides recently taken in concrete building, as well as to activity in the building of good roads. Brick, with an annual output worth over $2,000,000, is slowly decreasing, due to the popularity of cement and concrete ; nevertheless, this item will be an important one for man^^ years to come, and of course, a market for fire and fancy brick of all kinds will never be lacking. The following table gives the comparative figures for the value of structural materials produced in California during the years 1913 and 1914. Forty-four counties contributed to this total, and there is not a •ounty in the State which is not capable of a considerable output of at h^ast one of the following classes of material. 36 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. A comparison of the annual production of the various structural materials in 1913 and 1914, is shown in the following table : Substance Value, 1913 Value. 1914 Increase, value Decrease, value Bituminous rock . $78,479 2,915,350 7,743,024 12,700 528,547 77,056 113,282 27,870 6,168,020 $166,618 2,288,227 6,558,148 9,434 378,663 114,380 48,832 45,322 4,860,357 $88,139 Brick $627,123 Cement __ 1,184,876 Chrome _ __ 3,266 Lime _^_ _ 149,884 Magnesite 37.324 Marble _ ._ __. 64,450 Sandstone 17,452 Stone, miscellaneous . .. 1,307,663 Totals — - - -- $17,664,328 $14,469,981 Net decrease $3,194,347 ' Asphalt. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports VII, X, XII, XIII. Bulletins 16 and 32. Asphalt has been usually accounted for in reports by the State Mining Bureau, because in the early days of the oil industry, consider- able asphalt was produced from outcroppings of oil sand, and was a separate industry from the production of oil itself. However, at the present time most of the asphalt comes from the oil refineries, w^hich produce a better and more even grade. There is no reason w^hy a manufactured product should be considered in this report, which deals only with crude minerals. Bituminous Rock. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports XII, XIII. Bituminous rock is used in a number of places, principally for road dressing ; but the manufacture of asphalt at the oil refineries has almost eliminated the industry of mining bituminous rock. The production during 1914, from three counties, is as follows: County Tons Value San LiUis Obispo 579 25,000 40,540 $1,118 Santa Barbara - 50.000 Santa Cruz 115,500 Totals 66,119 $166,618 STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 37 The following tabulation shows the total amount and value of bitu- minous rock quarried and sold in California since the first records wore compiled by the State Mining Bureau, annually, since 1887 : Bituminous Rock. Value Year 1887 . 1888 _ 1889 - 1890 _ 1891 . 1892 . 1893 . 18!W . 1895 - 1896 . 1897 . 1898 - 1899 _ mx) . 1901 . 36,000 50,000 40,000 40.000 39,962 24,000 32,000 31,214 38,921 49,456 45,470 46,836 40,321 25,306 24,052 257,000 170,000 170,000 154,164 72,000 192,036 115,193 121,586 122,500 128,173 137,575 116,097 71,495 $160,000 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 Totals 66,354 33,490 21,944 45,280 24,753 16,077 24,122 30,718 34,123 87,547 75,125 44,073 37,541 66,119 $43,411 53,106 175,680 60,436 45,204 72,835 109,818 116,436 165,711 117,279 87,467 78,479 166,618 1,104,450 $3,346,653 Brick. Beference: Bulletin 38. As would be expected in a state wdth diversified and widespread mineral resources, a great variety of brick is annually produced in California, including common, fire, pressed, glazed, sand-lime, and others. As far as possible the diflf'erent kinds have been segregated in the following tabulation, but in many cases operators report their total without any classification and such figures are of necessity listed as miscellaneous. It will therefore be understood that in no case does the total of a subdivision represent the true amount if figures are also given in the miscellaneous column. According to Bulletin No. 38, issued by the California State Mining Bureau, the following analyses show the average and the maximum and minimum of the ingredients commonly occurring in brick clays. A clay in which the percentage of any one or more of the ingredients mentioned is much above the maximum given or below the minimum will prove an inferior, if not worthless, clay for even common brick. 38 :mineral ixdlstkv of California. Chemical Analyses of Common Brick Clays. Average, Minimum, Maxim\im. per cent per cent per cent Silica (SiO;), combino;l_ Silica sand Alumina (AljOs) Water (HoO), combined Water moisture Iron oxide (Fe^Os) Lime (OaO) Magnesia (MgO) Alkalies (K^O, NaoO)__ 15.0 55.0 14.0 4.0 2.0 4.0 1.5 1.5 3.5 12.0 20.0 11.0 3.0 0.0 2.5 0.5 0.3 2.0 30.0 60.0 25.0 9.0 6.0 8.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 The detailed figures of brick production for 1913, by count i( as follo\\'^: are STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 39 JOOOOOOQ'*'— 'QO ^-. w- ". x^ --- ^- >.N. w- ^ >.•. w)t^05(Mcoooooo"0(MKri75i-t u «5 i?5 <=> i?b «o OS 00 ic (MC>J«fTj7 -^ CO CO ^ r^ Oi tA S2 ?^ 5 «0 (M iC '_- _^ _ _, _. -. 00 -^r t^ 05 1-H ^ lO i 1 S a < cc ^ ^ 5i2 'c z x: r- g = S c <5 G »35 Oi lo c^ «o Oi Sg O O oc O O CM OC lO C-J Q 00 t> ift cc PO C O =3 « =5 +^PQq M C 3 t; ss o pi; ^ G isc ^ - ^ =^ ^ :3>c;CCCCCC:3Br::G — "-3Ssa33a3:x:-tiGc; 40 MINERAL INDUSTRY OP CALIFORNIA. I Record of brick production in the State has been kept since 1893 hf this Bureau. The annual and total figures since that date, for amount and value, are given in the following table : Value 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1896 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 19C9 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 Totals 103.900 81,675 131,772 24,000 97,468 100,102 125,950 137,191 130,766 169,851 214,403 281,750 286,618 277,762 362,167 332,872 333,846 340,883 327,474 337,233 358,754 270,791 4,827,231 $801,750 457,125 672,360 524,740 563,240 571,362 754,730 905,210 860,488 1,306,215 1,999,546 1,994.740 2,273,786 2,538,848 3,438,951 2,506,495 3,059,929 2,934,731 2,638,121 2,940,290 2,915,350 2,288,227 $38,946,234 Cement. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports VIII, IX, XII. Bulletin 38. Cement is one of the most important structural materials in the output of the State. During 1914, there was produced a total of 5,109,218 bbls., valued at $6,558,148. This production comes from six counties, as follows: Contra Costa, Napa, Riverside, San Bernardino, Santa Cruz, and Solano. There were seven plants operating, employing 2,634 men. The enlargement of this industry, of course, depends upon the growth of surrounding communities, and a summary of the lime and clay deposits of the State shows that considerable enlargement would not be impossible. The cement industry is so centralized that it is impossible to apportion the production to the counties in which plants are located without mak- ing private business public. ** Portland" cement was first commercially produced in the State in 1891 ; though in 1860 and for several years following, a natural hydraulic cement from Benicia was utilized in building operations in San Francisco. While the total figures are not of the same magnitude as those for gold and petroleum, the growth of the industry has been more than rapid, and a comparison of the annual figures representing the output since the inception of the industry is of interest. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 41 Annual production of cement in California is as follows B Barrels Value 1891 - 5.00O 5,000 $15,000 1892 - - 15,000 1893 . . -- 1894 8,000 16,383 9,500 18,000 50,000 60,000 52,000 71,800 171,000 640,868 969,538 1,265,553 1,286,000 1,613,563 1,629,615 3,779,205 5,453,193 6,371,369 6,198,634 6,167,806 5,109,218 21,600 1895 32,556 1896 -- 28,250 1897 -- 66,000 1898 -- 150,000 1899 180,000 1900 - — 121,000 1901 -- 159,842 190^ -- - -- — - 423,600 1903 __ 968,727 1904 1,539,807 1905 _ _ __ 1,791,916 1906 -- _ _ - _ _ -_ 1,941,250 1907 _ __ __ -_ 2,585,577 1908 — - — 2,359,692 1909 _ 4,969,437 1910 _ _ __ 7,485,715 1911 9,085,625 1912 _ _ 6,074,661 1913 _-_ . __ 7,743,024 1914 _ _ __ 6,558,148 Totals _ - - 40,951,245 $54,316,427 Chrome. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports IV, XII. Bulletin 38. Chromic iron ore, to the extent of 1,517 short tons, valued at $9,434, was produced during 1914.* While the material is known to exist in many places in the State, and has been mined in several other counties, including Fresno and Glenn, the present production comes entirely from Calaveras and Shasta counties, with a small amount from Tuolumne. The European war caused some rise in the price of this material, as must of the chrome used in the United States is imported from Rhodesia and New Caledonia. Considerable effort, therefore, w^as expended by private parties in investigating California deposits, more particularly with the idea of expecting to find large quantities which w^ould justify entering the market and making long-time contracts, in competition with the foreign deposits. Most of these investigations were without success, as the California deposits are in most cases, not beyond the prospective stage. There is no reason why the industry should not see a considerable growth, however, in the future. *These figures are from signed returns of the actual producers, which we have verified and find correct, though at variance with the data available to the U. S. Geological Survey as indicated in their Mineral Resources, 1913. 42 MIXER AT. IXm'STRY OF CAT JP^ORXTA. The amr.ia] output cf clironiite since 1887 is as follows 1887- 1888 3,CC0 1,500 2,000 3,599 1,372 1,500 3,319 3,680 1,740 786 $40,000 20,000 1889 1890 _ 30,000 53,985 1891 _ -- -- - - -- 20,580 1892 _ - ____-____. 22,500 1893 - - 49,785 1894 39,980 1895 16,795 1896 i , 1 to 1897 1898 1899 1900 14(1 130 315 150 123 40 317 302 350 436 749 935 1,270 1,180 1,517 1 ,400 1901 _____ _ 1.950 1902 - _ ._ 4,725 19a3 - - _ _ _ _ 2,250 1904 __ - _ __ _ __ 1,^5 1905 — - - 600 1906 2,859 1907 - 6,040 1908 6,195 1909 5,309 1910 9,707 1911 — _ -_ -- - _ 14,197 1912 — — - _ _ -_ 11,260 1913 _ _____ _____ _ -_ 12.700 1914 - _ __ - . _ _ _ 9,434 Totals -- - -- 30,450 $391,971 Lime. Reference : Bulletin 38. Lime to the amount of 439,961 bbls., valued at $378,66:]. was pro- duced from ten counties during 1914. This is a decrease from the previous year, both in amount and value. Distribution bv counties is shown in the followinsr table : County Barrels Value Amador _ _ __ _ 1,540 5,666 14,000 81,600 84,637 6,571 17a282 8,657 677 63,331 $2,008 Contra Costa _ __ _ 4,724 El Dorado — _ _ _ 12,082 Kern _ 65,100 San Bernardino 93,100 San Mateo _ *845 Santa Cruz _ _- 157,011 Shasta .— _ 5,ir>i Siskiyou _ 629 Tuolumne 38,000 Totals 439,961 $378,663 STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 43 Magnesite. licference: State Mineralogist Keports XII, XIII. Bulletin 38. r. S. G. S. Bulletins, 355, 540. Magnt'site has for a number of years been known to exist in many ■alilies in California. In quality it is very high grade, many deposits yielding material carrying about 95% magnesium carhonate. The deposits are mostly in the metamorphic rocks of the Coast Range and Sierra Nevada oMountains, and are scattered over an area nearly four hundred miles long. One deposit of sedimentary origin is sil uatcd in the Mojave Desert region. During the year 1914 there was eonsiderabh? activity in the produc- tion of magnesito. living a larger output than during any previous year except 1910. Doubtless the curtailing of some European supplies, due 1o the war, and the added possibilities for transportation through the Panama Canal, to eastern markets, have led to the increased production. The permanent nature of improvements at some deposits gives promise that future production will be still greater. The following concerns are among those producing in 1914: Cedar Mountain Magnesite Mine, Alameda County, where the rock ^\ as mined by the glory-hole system, and calcined in a flat hearth furnace, usinu' oil fuel and having a daily ca]nieity of about ten tt)ns of crude. The Sherlock Mine, Santa Clara County, quarries the rock and ships it in the crude state. At the Red Mountain deposit, the material is sloped underground, calcined in a vertical shaft kiln, and transported 33 miles by auto trucks to the railroad. The Sonoma Magnesite Company, Sonoma County, is installing rotary kilns and a short railroad for delivery to the main line. The Tulare ^Mining Company, Tulare County, stopes the magnesite exposed in underground workings, and calcines the product. A number of owners have carried on development work, and it seems assured that a much greater demand can easily be met by the various California deposits. The principal uses at the present time include: refractory linings for basic open-hearth steel furnaces, copper reverberatories and con- verters, bullion and other metallurgical furnaces: in the manufacture of paper from wood pulp; and in structural w-ork, for flooring, wains- coting, tiling, sanitary kitchen and hospital finishing, etc. In con- nection with building work it has proven particularly efficient as a flooring for steel railroad coaches, on account of having greater elas- ticity' and resilience than ''Portland^' cement. For refractory pur- poses, the magnesite is ''dead-burned" — i e., all or practically all of the COo is expelled from it. For cement purposes, it is left "caustic" — i. c, from 5% to 10% of CO. is retained. When dry caustic magnesite is mixed with a solution of magnesium chloride ^MgCL) 44 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. in proper proportions, a very strong cement is produced, known as oxyehloride or Sorel cement.* ''It is applied in a plastic form, * * * which sets in a few hours as a tough, seamless sur- face. It has also a very strong bonding power, and will hold firmly to wood, metal, or concrete as a base. It may be finished with a very smooth even surface, which will take a good wax or oil polish. As ordinarily mixed there is added a certain proportion of w^ood flour, cork, asbestos, or other filler, thereby adding to the elastic properties of the finished product." Its surface is described as "warm" and "quiet" as a result of the elastic and nonconducting character of the composite material. The cement is usually colored by the addition of some mineral pigment to the materials before mixing as cement. The desirable qualities of any flooring material (cost not considered) are listed for purposes of analysis or comparison under eighteen heads, as follows: Cleanliness (sanitary qualities), quietness, immunity from abrasion (surface wear), resilience, immunity from slipperiness, appearance, waterproof character, plasticity, warmth (thermal insulation), life (immunity from deterioration with age), acid-proof character, alkali-proof character, fire resistance, elasticity, crushing:, strength, structural strength (rupture), immunity from expansion and contraction, and lightness. The importance of these several qualities varies with the varying requirements to be met; for instance, in some places, as in hospitals, cleanliness is one of the prime con- siderations; in other places immunity from abrasion might be one of the principal requisites. As to most of these qualities the conclusion is reached that the magnesia cement affords one of the most satis- factory flooring materials for many purposes such as in kitchen. laundry, toilet, and bathrooms, corridors, large rooms or halls in public or other buildings, including hospitals, factories, shops and restaurants. There is no doubt that the material is steadily coming into more general recognition and favor for these uses. For a few special uses it is more or lass disqualified; as an instance, it is not suited for con- struction of swimming tanks or for conditions of permanent wetness, since under constant immersion it gradually softens, although it is said to w^ithstand intermittent wetting and drying and is recom- mended for shower baths. Naturally it is not acid-proof and not wholly alkali-proof, which might be a disadvantage in use for labora- tory floors and tables; but these are rather special requirements. Its cost per square foot is given as 25 to 33 cents, depending on area, which is estimated to be lower than marble, cork, rubber, clay or •In this summary of the uses and properties of magnesia cement we have drawn freely from the following references : Eng. Soc. Western I»ennsylvania Proc, 1913, vol. 29. pp. 305-338, 418-444; U. S. G. S.. Mineral Resources, 1913, Part II, pp. 450-453. STATISTICS OP ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 45 mosaic tile, slate, or terrazzo, although more expensive than wood, asphalt, linoleum, or Portland cement. In the discussion of the subject the causes of failure are ascribed to uncertain climatic changes, lack of uniformity in the mixtures used, lack of care on the part of those handling the materials, possible deterioration of materials used through exposure (either before or after mixing), lack of proper preparation of foundations on which the material is to be laid, and, as a very important factor, experience or nonexperience in the manipulation or actual laying and troweling of the material. Data concerning the percentages of magnesium chloride and of ground calcined magnesia and data concerning the character and quantity of filler and color added to the commercial preparations are naturally guarded as trade secrets by the firms already in the business. The examination and standardization of the raw materials used, and of acceptable filler materials, and the establishment of standard propor- tions for the mixtures would seem to be about the only satisfactory way of attacking the problem. The condition of the calcination of magnesite for cement uses is important, as the same material may undoubtedly be very greatly varied in its reacting properties b}^ differing treatment in the kiln. It is generally agreed that the magnesite for cement use must be com- paratively free from lime, as lime has a greater tendency to reabsorb water and carbon dioxide than the magnesia, thereby causing swelling, and is therefore not so permanent in the completed cement as a pure magnesia material. The fillers used may constitute 10% to 40% of the whole cement, and commonly consist of ground marble, sand, sawdust, cork, asbestos, or other materials. As an example of the formulas used in mixing such cements the following are quoted:* Mi.rfuris for the underlying or coarser layer. [Parts by weight.] 1. 15 ixirts magnesia. 10 parts magnesium chloride solution, 20° Baum6. 10 parts moist sawdust. (Sets in 36 hours.) 2. 10 parts magnesia. 10 parts magnesium chloride solution, 28° Baume. 5 parts sawdust. (Sets in 16 hours.) 3. 20 parts magnesia. 15 parts magnesium chloride solution, 20° Baum6. 4 parts ground cork. (Sets in 24 hours.) 4. 5 parts magnesia. 3 parts magnesium chloride solution, 20° Baum6. 5 parts ashes. (Sets in 24 hours.) ♦Scherer, Robert, Der Magnesit. sein Vorkommen, seine Gewinnung und technische Verwertung, pp. 216-217, A. Hartleben's Bibliothek, Wien und Leipzig 1908. 46 MINERAL TXDT'STHY OF CAT.TFORXIA. MirtiiKs fur orcrliiiiKj or surl'dtr hnicrs. I Parts by weight.] 1. 40 parts magnesia. .*^> parts magnesium chloride solution, 19° Baum6. 10 parts asbestos powder. 5 parts wood flour. 1 part red ocher. (Sets in 24 hours.) 2. 25 i>arts magnesia. 25 parts magnesium chloride, 21 ° Baume. 4^ parts wood flour, impregnated with 4i parts Terpentinlmizirisvinu. 15 parts yellow ocher. (Sets in 30 hours.) The magnesite used is, as explained, the fine ground calcined (not dead-burned) of certain specified kinds or place of derivation regu- larly sold for the plastic purposes. This material commonly conies in paper-lined casks, barrels, or boxes, in which form it is I'nirly pci- manent, but it deteriorates by exposure, absorbing carbonic acid and moisture from the air. If carefully handled it can probably be ke]^t unopened a year or more, but it should be used within a few wnks after being opened, even under most favorable conditions. In considering mineral production the value of the crude material is used as far as practicable. Magnesite presents a peculiar example of a material Avhich is seldom handled on the market in the crudi' stale. It is calcined and ground before being considered marketable. The value of the calcined magnesite varies, the San Francisco price for 1914 averaging $25 to $30 per ton, which figure includes about $4 \^vv ton freight. From two to two and one-half tons of the crude material are mined to make one ton of the calcined. From this derivation we have arbitrarily figured the value of the crude production, for 1914, on a basis of $10 per ton at the mine. Magnesite products have been found to be highly satisfactory and are growing in po}Mihu'ity, and the future for this iiidiistiy appears to be bright. A large supply is already known to exist in California, and only a sufficient demand and cheaper transportation are lacking to make this an item of consequence in the mineral total of the Stale Production for 1914, by county, is given in the following table, with total crude value, figured according to the foregoing assumption. In addition to this, a considerable tonnage was reported as having been mined at certain properties, but not marketed before the end of the year, hence not entered here: STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 47 H| County Tons Value ^fimprln 150 1,425 213 9.650 $1,500 Hhtn OlnrR 14,250 ^nomn 2,130 ^■Inrp 96,500 B.Totfil,s 11,438 $114,380 .nnual production for California, amount and value, since 1887, is bwn in the following tabulation: Tear 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 600 : $9,000 600 . 9,000 600 . 9,000 600 9,000 1,500 '■ 15,000 1,500 15,000 1,093 10,930 1,440 10,240 2,200 17,000 1,500 11,000 1,143 13,671 1,263 19,075 1,280 18,480 2,252 19,333 4,726 43,057 2,830 20,655 1,361 20,515 2,850 9,298 3,933 16,221 4,032 40,320 6,405 57,720 10,582 80,822 7,942 62,588 16,570 113,887 8,858 67,430 10,512 105,120 9,632 77,056 11,438 114,380 Totals 119,242 $1,014,798 Marble. Reference: State Mineralogist Report XII. Bulletin 38. Marble is widely distributed in California. During 1914, the pro- duction by counties was as follows: County Cubic feet \ Value Invo . . . .._ ___ ______ 3,500 100 6 1 21,830 1 I $10,500 Mariposa .--..__ _ __ _ _ 100 Tulare _ _ 30 Tuolumne 38,202 Totals 25,436 $48,832 48 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. In 1913, 41,654 cubic feet were sold, having a spot value of $113,282. The decrease from the previous year is doubtless a reflec- tion of the laxity in building operations, which is shown by some of the other structural materials. Data on annual production since 1887, as compiled by the State Mining Bureau, follows. Previous to 1894 no records of amount were preserved : Value 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 189i 1895 1896 1897 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 Total value 38,441 14,864 7,889 4,102 8,050 9,682 4,103 2,945 19,305 84,624 55.401 73,303 31.400 37,512 18,653 79,600 18,960 20,201 27,820 41,654 25,436 $5,000 5,000 87,030 80,000 100,000 115,000 40,000 98,326 56,566 32,415 7,280 23,594 10,550 5,891 4,630 37,616 97,354 94,208 129,450 75,800 118,066 47,665 238,400 50,200 54,103 74,120 113,282 48.8:^2 $1,850.:-; Onyx and Travertine. Reference: State Mineralogist Report XII. Bulletin 38. Onyx and travertine are known to exist in a number of places in California, but there has been no production reported since the yc.ir 1896. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. Voduction by years is as follows: 49 Year 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 ISilfi Total $900 900 900 1,500 2,400 1,800 27,000 20,000 12,000 24,000 $91,400 Sandstone. Reference: State Mineralogist Report XII. Bulletin 38. An unlimited amount of high grade sandstone is available in Cali- fornia, but the wide use of concrete in buildings of every character, as well as the popularity of a lighter colored building stone, has retarded this branch of the mineral industry very seriously during recent years. In 1914 six counties turned out 111,691 cubic feet, valued at $45,322, which is a considerable advance over the previous year. Production by counties is as follows: County Cubic feet Amador _ a960 16,000 81,000 9,286 250 1,195 $1,500 Colusa _____ ___ __ 7,300 San Mateo _ . _ __ __ 34,020 Santa Barbara *1,850 Siskiyou __ ___ 150 Ventura __ __ 502 Totals _ 111,691 $45,322 ^Includes 5,000 cubic feet conglomerate. Amount and value, as far as contained in the records of this Bureau, are presented herewith, with total value from 1887 to date: 4— IS 65 5 50 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. 1887 1888 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 19(M 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 Total value 56,264 378,468 266,741 212,123 353,002 363,487 302,813 182,076 159,573 93,301 79,240 165,971 255,313 66,487 62,227 111,691 $175,(J(]0 150,000 175,598 100,000 100,000 50,000 26,314 113,592 35,373 28,379 24,086 46,;384 103,384 254,140 192,132 142,506 585,309 567,181 483,268 164,068 148,148 55,151 37,032 80,443 127,314 22,574 27,870 45,322 $4,060,568 Serpentine. Reference: Bulletin 38. Serpentine has not been produced in California at any time, to a very large extent, owing to defects in the stone, most of which is not of good texture. The following table shows the amount and value of serpentine since 1895 as recorded by this Bureau: Year Cubic feet Value 1895 - 4,000 1,500 2,500 750 500 350 89 512 99 200 847 1,000 $4,000 1896 6.000 1897 2,m) 1898 3,000 1899 2,000 1900 _ _ 2,0(X) 1901 _ 890 1902 - 5,06.'-, 1903 800 1904 _ _ 2,310 1906 1.694 1907 3,000 Totals - - 12,347 $33,259 STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 51 Slate. • Reference: Bulletin 38. Jlate was first produced in California in 1889. Up to and including .0 such production was continuous. Many large deposits are known the State, especially in El Dorado and Mariposa counties, but the demand is not what it was a few years past. A complete record of amount and value of slate produced in Cali- iornia follows: Year Squares Value 1889 4,500 4,000 4,000 3,500 3,000 1,800 1,350 500 400 400 810 3,500 5,100 4,000 10,000 6,000 4,000 10,000 7,000 6,000 6,961 1,000 $18,089 1890 24,000 1891 24,000 1892 - 21,000 1893 - - 21,000 1894 11,700 1895 9,450 1896 2,500 1897 - 2,800 1898 2,800 1899 5,900 190O 26,250 1901 38,250 1902 _ _ -____- - _- 30,000 1903 70,000 1904 50,000 1905 - 40,000 1906 100,000 1907 1-— 60,000 1908 60,000 1909 45,660 1910 8,000 Totals 87,821 $671,399 Miscellaneous Stone. Eeference: State Mineralogist Report XII. Bulletin 38. Miscellaneous stone is the name used throughout this report as the title for that branch of the mineral industry covering crushed rock of all kinds, granite, paving blocks and sand and gravel. The foregoing are very closely related from the standpoint of the producer. The quarry which produces granite blocks this year may have a commercial output of crushed rock next, or its product may regularly consist of both classes of material. Thus it has been found to be most satisfactory to group these items as has been done in recent reports of this Bureau. In so far as it has been possible to do so, granite and crushed rock production has been subdivided into the various uses to which the product was put. It will be noted, however, that in both instances a very large percentage of the output has been tabulated under the heading ''Unclassified." This is necessary because of the fact that 52 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. many of the producers have no way of telling to what specific use their rock was put after they have quarried and sold the same. Stone, as well as some other structural materials, shows a decrease for 1914. The total production was valued at $4,860,357, at the properties. As has been the case for several years past, Los Angeles County led all others by a wide margin, with an output valued at $953,434; Marin second, with $490,137; Alameda third, with $381,135; and Contra Costa fourth, with $308,727. Granite Production, by Counties, for 1914. Building stone Monumental Curbing Unclassified County Cubic feet Value Cubic feet Value Cubic feet Value Cubic feet Value Fresno 60O $750 9,600 50 $20,500 50 Humboldt 113,975 i«i89nnn Lassen 3,200 244,500 400 178,650 Madera 10,030 7,471 603 $422 Napa *40,00O 3,500 Nevada 1 500 12,842 15 2,803 1,428 18,023 150 2,415 250 45,962 100 10,210 600 25,175 50 6,062 Placer Plumas Riverside Sacramento _ 11,240 588 35,675 28,000 14,950 500 11,934 37,500 75,000 U22,400 5,000 100,000 979 3,700 San Bernar- dino 2,500 250 San Diego ___ 125 14,117 706 125 1.800 780 5,300 6,300 Santa Bar- bara Sonoma t5,200 572 Tulare 1,000 750 2,000 1,000 Totals 338,751 $247,389 42,140 $57,087 64,825 $33,131 358,375 $291,179 •Tuff. tBasalt. j Decomposed. Paving Biock Production, by Counties , for 1914. County M Value Placer _ 285 653 60 300 . 650 106 i>,yyj7 $9,000 Riverside 34,386 Sacramento 1,800 San Bernardino __ 15,000 San Diego _ 37,129 Solano 4.778 Sonoma 168,505 Totals 6,053 $270,598 STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. Sand and Gravel Production, by Counties, for 1914. 53 County Tonfi Value leda Jutte Contra Costa .. Del Norte El Dorado Fresno Glenn Humboldt Lassen Los Angeles — Madera Marin Mendocino Monterey Napa Nevada Orange Placer Riverside Sacramento — San Bernardino San Diego San Francisco . San Joaquin __. San Mateo Santa Barbara . Santa Clara Shasta Siskiyou Sonoma Stanislaus Yuba Totals 599.92©* 99,811 45,842 500 1,000 52,141 458,304 9,500 300 ,484,707 1,800 300 800 98,037 153,935 400 72,707 30,000 14,810 321,473 84,799 186,127 33,270 38,880 21,318 10,500 40,230 250 53,713 114,785 65,031 81,693 4,176,889 $241,619 11,280 9,695 250 500 26,071 30,553 10,840 325 400,270 40O 100 560 36.517 97,818 80 18,315 9,000 5,990 36.685 35,215 70,851 6,654 19,440 6,893 3,500 19,957 125 5,371 37,972 3,096 14.895 $1,160,837 ♦Includes moulding sand. 54 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. C/5 (N lO CO "«*< ob u i tH OO CO 8 CM S S S s ^ th ^ c5 o O 00 l<05 CO CN t^ 6©- 11^ o O OS -M a o »H OS ;:^ (M ,-1 t^ '^ (M CO 1-1 00 t^ -°S ^ O "^ CC <^ (M OT Q f QC "^ C^J ' Q 00 i-T C^ T-H cs» ri-H ■3* 00 O Q lO t^ 00 OS iO CO io Tf CO ,-1 00 (M «D t^ 1^ O t^ '!3<' ■;*■ «D 05 2? ^' C^ 1-1 05 1—1 05 iO 1— I Ti< «o o -^ C^ t>. t^ O CO (M 00 lO O t^ t^ 8 08 >> cq S o* i^ ^J »i3 '-""g OS CO OO-rH p: th CO o as »-; 00 O 1-H g^ a £! ^^'s 5 a a «j ^ "Scficn'O'C'JlIda S 08 o 5 * * c> 35 O O 05 o "^ =! w 55 i-< r^ O 5 O 05 OO t-- Q »n Oi CO »^ CO 00 05 CO od i-T 2 o 03 P ^" a o , o *S o |2 2 £ 3 « S o £ ?^ « 03 « g a I STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 55 Total value of production of ''Miscellaneous Stone" by counties, 1914 and 1918. witli increase or decrease in each instance: ^m County 1914 1913 Decrease Increase BlRTnodn ... $381,135 $456,064 670 258,503 660,405 $74,929 670 207,608 351,678 Kpf)f),f|or 50,895 308,727 3,250 2,600 237,963 30,553 208,204 K>ntrn OostR Kl NortP $3,250 B[ Dorado 4,678 416,437 27,776 439,808 12,000 835 2,030 1,008,810 271,589 198,953 2,078 178,474 Glenn _. . 2,777 Humboldt - _ _ 231,604 12,000 835 1,255 55,376 78,825 ' Imperial Inyo - _____ Lassen 775 953,434 192,764 490,137 15,366 560 Los Angeles _ Madera Marin __ _ _ _ _ - 291,184 Mariposa __ __ 15,366 Mendocino _ _ _ _ 9,450 30,000 12,556 243,759 5,000 36,815 205,749 1,700 536,844 238.476 119,500 364,312 170,014 110,551 900 134 18,635 11,450 29,377 10,511 8,890 30,000 "'"" 113^443' 2,892 Merced _ -_ _- Monterey _____ ___ __ 39,202 130,316 2,108 88,315 203,593 1,879 206,802 253,235 110,630 131,978 210,250 119,889 19,440 26,646 Napa _ __ _ Nevada _ _ _ Orange . 51,500 T^laccr __ _ _ 2,156 J'lumas 179 Riverside _ _ _ 330,042 Sacramento _ _ 14,758 San Benito _ 8,870 232,334 San Bernardino San Diego _____ 40,236 San Francisco 9,338 San Joaquin __ _ 18,540 San Luis Obispo _ _ 134 San Mateo _ _ _ 34,648 15,300 39,093 4,276 125 5,371 71,288 276,516 3,096 16,013 Santa Barbara 3,850 Santa Clara 6;235 9,716 Santa Oruz _ Shasta _ 125 Siskiyou _ __ _ 4,883 28,915 191,436 14,482 600 1,000 4,350 8,063 488 Solano _ -_ _ 42,373 Sonoma _ 85,080 Stanislaus .. __ 11,386 600 1,000 2.600 Tehama Trinity _ _ Tulare 1,750 14,895 Tuba - 6,832 Totals . $4,860,357 $6,168,020 $1,307,663 Net decrease __ 56 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. CHAPTER FIVE. INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS. The following mineral substances have been arbitrarily arranged under the general heading of ''Industrial Materials," as distinguished from those which have a clearly defined classification, such as metals, salines, structural materials, etc. These materials, many of which are mineral earths, are produced on a comparatively small scale at the present time. Almost without ex- ception the possibilities of development along these lines are practically unlimited; and with increasing transportation, and other facilities, together with a steadily growing demand, the future for this branch of the mineral industry in California is indeed bright. There is scarcely a county in the State but might contribute to the output. To date, production has been in the majority of instances dependent upon more or less of a strictly local market, and the following data will show the results of such a condition, not only in the widely vary- ing amounts of a certain material produced from year to year, but in widely varying prices of the same material, often, in different sections of the State. Furthermore, the quality of this general class of material will be found to fluctuate, even in the same deposit, especially as regards price. The following summary shows the value of the industrial materials produced in California during the years 1913-1914, with increase or decrease in each instance: Substance 1913 1914 Increase Decrease Asbestos $1,175 3,680 261,273 7,850 3,700 13,740 25 135,050 35,968 274,455 $1,530 3,000 167,552 16,565 5,928 3,970 $355 Barytes _ __ $680 Clay __ 93,721 Feldspar 8,715 2,228 Fuller's earth Gems 9,770 Graphite 25 Gypsum _ 78,375 80,350 517,713 1,500 847 476,169 1,000 230,058 4,800 17,888 4,500 56,675 Infusorial earth 44,382 243,258 1,500 Limestone _ . Manganese Mineral paint 1,780 599,748 4,500 218,537 7,756 14,143 6,150 933 Mineral water 123,579 Pumice 3,500 Pyrites 11,521 Quartz rock . 2.956 Rand, glass _ __ _ 3.745 Soapstono __ 1,650 Totals $1,589,530 $1,611,745 $22,215 Net increase _ __ STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 57 Asbestos. Beference: State Mineralogist Keports XII, XIII. Bulletin 38. Though asbestos of various grades is known to exist widely distri- buted in California, the production for the year 1914 was but 51 tons, valued at $1,580, the combined result of several small shipments from a number of localities, including Shasta, Trinity, Placer, Calaveras, Alameda, and El Dorado counties. One firm has established a grind- ing and fiberizing plant in Oakland, and is now manufacturing a series of products in which both asbestos and magnesite play a part. These include steam pipe covering, composition flooring, and plaster for stucco work. The outlook is for a decided increase in the output of these materials during the coming year. The real history of the development and use of asbestos dates back only about sixty years. Since that time the investigation as to its occurrence, uses, and methods of treatment has been continuous, and its application to everyday life has grown with wonderful rapidity. The first mill built to handle the crude ore and extract the fibre on a large scale by machinery was constructed in 1888. The first production of asbestos in California was in 1887, when ■10 tons were mined, having a crude value of $60 per ton, according to the State Mining Bureau reports. The bulk of the world's supply of this mineral today comes from Canada; and Canadian asbestos, so far, leads in quality as well as in quantity. The word ''asbestos" (derived from the Greek meaning incom- bustible) as used here includes several minerals, from a strictly minera- logical standpoint. There are two main divisions, however: amphi- bole and chrysotile. The fibrous varieties of several of the amphiboles (silicates chiefly of lime, magnesia and iron), notably tremolite and actinolite, are called asbestos. Their fibres usually lie parallel to the fissures containing them. Amphibole asbestos possesses high refrac- tory properties, but lacks strength of fibre, and is used principally for covering steam pipes and boilers. Chrysotile, a hydrous silicate of magnesia, is a fibrous form of serpentine, and often of silky fineness. Its fibres are formed at right angles to the direction of the fissures con- taining them. Chrysotile fibres, though short, have considerable strength and elasticity, and may be spun into threads and woven into cloth. To bring the highest market price asbestos must needs have a com- bination of properties, i. e., length and fineness of fibre, tensile strength and flexibility — all combined w^ith infusibility. Of these qualities the most important are toughness and infusibility, and determination of the same can only be made by practical tests or in the laboratory. Given several specimens of the same tensile strength and degree of 5—18655 58 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. infusibility, the one having the longest fibre will, of course, be of the greatest value. It must be kept in mind, however, that length of fibre alone, the characteristic which most naturally appeals to the eye, is not the final test in regard to the commercial value of the find; and much short fibre asbestos, which on first appearance is of inferior grade, is being sold and profitably handled at the present time. The largest Canadian asbestos deposits are worked as open quarries where the ore is roughly sorted before being sent to the mill to be dressed for the market. This method has been found to be cheapci and more satisfactory in every way. The milling of asbestos ore, while more or less complicated in actual practice, is easy to understand and has one well-defined object in view : That is, the complete eradication of all foreign rock ingredients and the thorough cleaning and separation of the fibres. Asbestos, roughly speaking, is worth from $20 to $200 per ton. The poorer grades w^hich are unsuitable for weaving, and w^hich, of course, command the lower prices, are used in the manufacture of steam packing, furnace linings, asbestos brick, wall plasters, paints, tilings, asbestos board, insulating material, etc. The better grades are util- ized in the manufacture of tapestries of various kinds, fireproof theater curtains, cloth, rope, etc. A very important development of the asbestos industry is the rapidly increasing demand for the low^er grade material, on account of the numerous diversified uses to which asbestos products are being put, in almost every branch of manufacture. This fact means that many deposits of asbestos will become commercially important even though the grade of the material is far from the best. It has been discovered only recently that not only does an asbestos wall plaster render the wall so covered impervious to heat, but that in rooms which have given forth an undesirable echo this evil lias Ixcii absolutely removed. Asbestos pulp mixed with cement and nuignosite has been experimented with in the East; and roofing, flooring, and other building material of the most satisfactory sort has been manu- factured therefrom. The value of the domestic production of asbestos has averaged around $4.3,000 annually, the past ten years, except 1911, which was approximately $120,000. The imports, largely from Canada, for 1913 amounted to $1,928,705, according to U. S. G. S. Mineral Resources. 1913. This value is for crude material; adding the imported maun factured asbestos articles the figure amounts to $2,318,369. With the field for development along these lines which is open in California, it seems almost certain that some time in the future will see this branch of the mineral industry adding its share to the total of the wealth and productiveness of this State. < I STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 59 'otal amount and value of asbestos production in California since J7, as given in the records of this Bureau, are as follows : 1 Tons Value 1 3C 30 30 71 66 30 50 50 25 $1,800 m 1,800 1889 1,800 1890 _.. 4,260 1891 3.960 1892 _ _ - 1,830 1893 - _ ._ __ 2,500 18W 2,250 1895 1,000 1897 ._ __ 1898 10 30 50 110 200 1899 750 1900 1,250 1901 4,4G0 1902 1903 190t 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 10 112 70 70 70 65 200 125 90 47 51 162 2.625 3,500 3,500 6,100 6,500 20,000 500 2,700 1,175 1,530 . Totals - - _ _ _ -- 1,492 $76,092 Barytes. Reference: State Mineralogist Report XII. Bulletin 38. The output of crude barytes during 1914 was 2,000 tons, valued at Jt^ilOOO, as compared with the 1913 production of 1,600 tons, worth $3,680. This indicates a spot value of only $1.50 per ton for the 1914 product. As a matter of fact barytes is ordinarily sorted and ground before being put on the market, and in this prepared condition brings approximately $10 to $14 per ton. The principal use of this material is in the paint industry. Minor uses are in tanning of leather, manu- facture of paper and rope, and sugar refining. A grinding and chemical plant has recently begun operations at Melrose, Alameda County, making a specialty of barium compounds. Known occurrences of this mineral in California are located in Butte, Mariposa, San Bernardino, Shasta, Calaveras, Inyo, and Nevada counties. The deposit at El Portal, in Mariposa County, has given the largest commercial production to date. 60 MINERAL INDUSTRY OP CALIFORNIA, Bauxite. Reference: Bulletin 38. No deposits of pure bauxite have been discovered in the State, al- , though from time to time small quantities of the impure material have been the foundation of extravagant reports regarding such discoveries. In 1912 a company was incorporated and work of developing sucli a deposit was outlined, but close investigation proved the futility of such effort. According to Bulletin 67 of this Bureau, bauxite of uncertain quality has been found at Smartsville, Yuba County. Clay. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports I, IV, IX, XII. Bulletin 38. At one time or another in the history of the State, pottery clay has been quarried in thirty-three of its counties. In this report "pottery clay ' ' refers to all clays used in the manufacture of red and brown - earthenware, flower pots, tiling of all descriptions, architectural terra i| cotta, sewer pipe, etc., and the figures for amount and value are relative to the crude material at the pit, without reference to whether the clay was sold in the crude form, or whether it was immediately used in the manufacture of any of the above finished products by the producer. During 1914 producers in seven counties reported an output of 179,948 tons of clay, having a spot value of $167,552 for the crude material, as compared with the 1913 production of 231,179 tons worth $261,273. A tabulation of the direct returns from the producers, by counties, for the year 1914 is shown herewith : County Tons Value Alameda 5,000 32,223 280 346 8,263 63,700 70,136 $1,000 Amador _ _ _ : 33,114 Calaveras 280 Kern 172 Los Angeles __ 14,566 Placer 49,000 Riverside 69.420 Totals 179,948 $167,552 STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 61 Amount and value of clay output in California since 1887, are given in the following table: Year Tons Value 1 >nS7 75,000 75,000 75.000 lOO.OOO 100,000 100,000 24,856 28,475 37,660 41,907 24,592 28.947 40,600 59,636 55,679 67.933 90,972 84,149 133,805 167,267 160,385 208,042 299,424 249,028 224,576 199.605 231,179 179.948 $37,500 1888 - - _ _ _ _ _ 37,500 1889 - - - - 37,500 1890 - 50,000 1891 50,000 1892 - - 50.000 1893 67,284 1894 35,073 1895 - - 39,685 1896 - - 62,900 1897 - - 30,290 1898 — 33,747 1899 - - — 42,700 1900 -— 60,956 1901 39,144 1902 74,163 1903 - - 99,907 1904 _ 81,952 1905 130,146 1906 __ 162,283 1907 254,454 1908 325,147 1909 465,647 1910 324,099 1911 252,759 1912 - - - _ - 215,683 1913 - - 261,273 1914 : _ _ - -_ 167,552 Totals 3.163.665 $3,489,344 Feldspar. Reference: Bulletin 67. Feldspar was produced in Monterey and Tulare counties during 1914, to the total amount of 3,530 tons, valued at $16,565. Feldspar production only dates back to 1910 in this State ; the mineral is a con- stituent of many rocks, but can only be commercially produced from pegmatites where the crystals are large and quite free from impurities. The open cut method of mining this material is commonly used. Man- ufacturers of enamel wares and pottery buy most of the better grades of feldspar produced. Small quantities are used in the manufacture of glass and scouring soaps, and the more impure material is utilized as ''chicken grit," in making various brands of roofing, and in other ways. Various experiments have been made with the potash feldspars in the attempt to prove their value as a fertilizer, with more or less negative results. 62 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Total amount and value of feldspar production in California since the inception of the industry are given in the following table, by years : Year Tons Value 1910 760 740 1,382 2,129 3,530 $5,720 1911 — 4,560 1912 - 6,180 1913 7,850 1914 16,565 Totals 8.541 $40,875 Fuller's earth. Reference: Bulletin 38. Fuller's earth production in California during the year 1914 amounted to 760 tons, valued at $5,928, as compared with 460 tons worth $3,700 in 1913. This material is soft and friable, and, in general, resembles a clay. It has no definite mineralogical composition, and its commercial value is determined by its physical properties, i. e., texture, and filtering and absorbent properties. In California fuller's earth is used principally in clarifying refined mineral oils, although its first use was in fulling wool, as the name indicates. During 1914 the production by counties was as follows: County Tons Value Calaveras . _. 290 20 450 $2,618 Kings - 160 Monterey 3,i:.ii Totals 760 $5.9L'S I STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. It was first discovered in this State in 1899, and the total amount id value of the production since that time are as follows: 63 Tons Value 1 620 $12,400 500 3.750 ! 1,000 19,500 i 987 19,246 250 4,750 1 500 9,500 1.344 38,000 440 10,500 100 1.000 50 1,000 459 7,385 i 340 3.820 I 466 5,294 i 876 6,500 .[ 460 3,700 .! 760 5,928 9,152 $152,273 Gems. Reference : Bulletms 37, 64, 67. State Mineralogist Report II. Accounting for the production of gems in California is very unsatis- factory, owing to the widely scattered places at which stones are irathered and marketed in a very small way. The following table shows the production by counties during 1914; County Value Kind Butte _ . _- $100 2,100 60 1,510 200 Diamonds. Los Angeles Beach stones. Nevada _ _ Diamond. San Diego _ _ _ _ Hvacinth, beryl, topaz, tourmaline, San 31ateo _ __. kunzite. Beacli stones. Total $3,970 64 MINERAL INDUSTRY OP CALIFORNIA. The value of the total gem production in California annually since the beginning of commercial production is as follows: Year Value 1900 ._ _ _ $20,500 40,000 1901 ._ 1902 162,100 1903 110 500 1904 _ _ _ _ _ 136 000 1905 - _ 148,500 1906 . _ 497,090 1907 ______ 232,642 1908 208,950 1909 193,700 1910 237,475 1911 51,824 1912 23,050 1913 13,740 1914 _ _ _ _____ 3,970 Total _ - _ --- $2,080,041 Graphite. Reference: State Mineralogist Report XIII. Graphite has been produced from time to time in the State, but it is difficult for these deposits, which are not particularly pure, to com- pete with foreign supplies which go on the market almost directly as they come from the deposit. The annual graphite production of the United States amounts to about $250,000 ; the yearly imports have a value of approximately two million dollars. These facts show the possibilities which are open to this branch of the mineral industry provided, of course, that investi- gation would show sufficient amounts of high grade material to com- pete with the imported article, which at the present time comes largely from Ceylon. Low grade ores are concentrated with considerable diffi- culty and the electric process of manufacturing artificial graphite from coal has been perfected to such a degree that only deposits of natural graphite of a superior quality can be exploited with any certainty of success. On account of its unfusibility and resistance to the action of molten metals graphite is very valuable. It is also largely used in the manu- facture of electrical appliances, of ''lead" pencils, as a lubricant and in many other ways. Amorphous or "lump" graphite, commonly carry ing many impurities, is worth as low as $10 a ton. For some purposes, such as foundry facings, etc., the low grade material is very satisfac- tory. The price increases with the grade of the material until the best quality crystalline variety, ranges as high as $200 per ton. J STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 65 i Occurrence of graphite has been reported at various times from ilaveras, Fresno, Los Angeles, Mendocino, San Bernardino, Siskiyou, Sonoma, and Tuolumne counties. During 1914, no production was reported in this State. The pre- \ious production by years is as follows: Year Pounds Value 1901 128,000 84,000 2,500 $4,480 1902 - - - 1,680 1913 25 Totals 214,500 $6,185 Gypsum. Reference: Bulletins 38, 67. Gypsum is widely distributed throughout the State, and is produced to a considerable extent, to supply the fertilizer manufacturers and the manufacturers of plaster and cement. During 1914 the production bv counties was as follows: County Tons Value Kern __ _ __ _ - - 82 20 7,000 5,300 17,332 $320 Kings _ -- _ _ ______ _ 80 MontGrey _ _ _ 21,000 Riverside _ 7,825 San Bernardino _ _ _ 49,150 Totals 29,734 $78,375 66 MINERAL INDUSTRY OP CALIFORNIA. 1 Total annual production of gypsum in California since such records have been compiled by this Bureau is as follows: Tear 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 Totals Tom 2,700 $27,0(1- 2,500 25,00. 3,000 30.0WI 3,000 30,00(1 2,000 i 20,00< 2,000 20,C0(i 1,620 ' 14,280 2,446 1 24,584 5,158 j 51,014 1,310 I 12,58(1 2,200 i 19,250 3,100 ; 23,600 3,663 ! 14.950 2,522 1 10,08.^ 3,875 38.751 10,200 : 53,500 6,914 ' 46,441 8,350 i 56,592 12,850 51.500 21,000 ! 69,000 8,900 i 57,70(1 34,600 i 155.40!) 30,700 J 13817(i 45,294 • 129,152 31,457 101,475 37,529 117.388 47,100 ) 135,050 29,734 1 78,375 365,722 I $1,553,845 Infusorial Earth. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports II, XII, XIII. Bulletin 38. Infusorial, or diatomaceous, earth — sometimes called tripolite — is a very light and extremely porous chalk-like material composed of pure silica which has been laid down under water and consists of the remains of microscopical infusoria and diatoms. Its principal commercial use is as an absorbent. It is also a first-class non-conductor of heat, is used in the manufacture of scouring soap and polishing powders, and in making some classes of refractory brick. The most important deposits in California thus far known are located in Los Angeles, Monterey, Orange, San Benito, San Bernardino, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Shasta, and Tehama counties. During 1914 there were four actively operated quarries prodiiciiiG: this material, and three additional properties were reported idle. Production during that time amounted to 12,840 tons, valucMl at $80,350. I STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 67 The first recorded production of this material in California occurred 1889; total amount and value of output, to date, are as follows: Year Tons Value 1889 39 50 51 5 422 2,703 6.950 3,000 2,430 2,531 2,950 500 1,843 2,194 4,129 8,645 12,840 $1,335 2,000 2,040 200 1893 - - . 1894 - - — _ 1897 - 1902 1903 2,532 16,015 1904 - - - 112,282 15,000 14 400 1905 1906 1907 .-- - --_ -_ 28,948 1908 .- 32 012 1909 __ __ 3,500 1910 --- -- - — 17,617 1911 19,670 1912 17,074 1913 35,968 1914 - _ . 80,350 Totals 51,282 $400,943 It will be noted that the average price varies widely from year to year. This fact is true in case of many of the industrial materials. The quality of the product fluctuates, as does the demand; when both are favorable the maximum price obtains. Limestone. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports IV, XII. Bulletin 38. Limestone was produced in ten counties during 1914, to the amount of 572,272 tons, valued at $517,713. This amount does not include the limestone used in the manufacture of cement or in lime, but accounts for that used as smelter flux and other manufacturing processes, and a considerable amount which is used as road metal. Distribution by counties of the 1914 output is as follows : Coutity Tons Value Alameda 50 32,657 202,575 23,006 153,329 6,157 14,666 36,997 86,128 16,707 $250 Contra Costa _ . _ 43,661 Placer _ _ _ _ 202,575 San Bernardino 20,880 San Mateo __ _ 75,941 Santa Barbara 11,263 Santa Cruz _ 25,082 Shasta 30.026 Solano _ _ _ __ 86,128 Tuolumne __.. _ _ 21.907 Totals 572.272 $517,713 68 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. In the early reports of this Bureau values for lime and limestone were not segregated. The following tabulation shows the total com- bined value of such material since records for the State were first compiled, in 1887, to date: Year Value 1887 $368,750 381,750 416,780 350,000 300,000 300,000 301,276 337,975 457,784 332,617 291,465 278,558 343,760 315,231 434,133 460 140 1888 1889 1890 . __ 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 _ 1896 __ _ 1897 __ 1898 _ 1899 1900 1901 ._ 1902 _ 1903 _ _ _ 582 268 1904 _ _ 658 956 1905 __._ _ 878,647 1906 . _ 925 887 1907 1,162,417 1908 676 507 1909 997,745 1910 - - 1 058 891 1911 __ 843 778 1912 _ _ _ 1,034,688 1913 803,002 1914 _____ 896,376 Totals ___ __ $16,189,381 Manganese. Reference : State Mineralogist Reports XII, XIII. Bulletins 38, 67. Manganese is reported to exist in many localities in the State; but past production, particularly since the discontinuance of the chlorina- tion process in the metallurgy of gold, has been relatively unimportant. During 1914 there was reported a production of 150 tons, valued at $1,500. Manganese is used in the steel industry; in the manufacture of paint, glass, pottery ; in the chemical laboratory, etc. Local demand is very small. The advent of electricity in the metallurgy of iron promises to enlarge the field for the use of the manganese deposits of California, and another year should show a marked increase in the output of this substance, particularly in Mendocino and Alameda counties. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 69 The production of manganese ore in California annually since 1887 lows : 1 Tons Value m 1887 _ 1,000 1,500 53 386 705 300 270 523 880 518 504 440 295 131 425 870 1 60 $9,000 1888 13,500 1889 — -_ - _ 901 1890 -- 3176 1891 3 830 1892 3,000 1893 _ _ 4,050 1894 5,512 1895 __._ 8,200 1896 3,415 1897 - _ 4,080 1898 _ __ 2,102 1899 3,165 1900 1,310 1901 4,405 1902 7,140 1903 _ 25 1904 900 1905 1906 _... 1907 ... 1908 ... 1909 ... 1910 ... 1911 .... 1912 ... 1913 ... 1914 ... 321 3 265 2 22 30 25 5,785 75 4,235 40 400 150 Totals 9,626 1,500 $89,801 Mica. Reference: State Mineralogist Report II. Bulletin 38. No production of mica has recently been reported. Production in previous years is as follows : Year Tons Value 1902 50 50 50 $2,500 1903 , 3,800 1904 . ^ _ _ 3,000 Totals 150 $9,300 Lithia mica, utilized in the manufacture of artificial mineral water, fireworks, etc., was mined and sold in San Diego County during the years 1899-1905 inclusive, but there has been no commercial production since the latter date. 70 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Lithia mica total production in the State is as follows Tons "Value 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 TotaLs 124 $4,600 440 n,ooo 1,100 27,500 822 31,880 700 27,300 641 25,000 25 276 3,852 $127,556 Mineral Paint. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports XII, XIII. Bulletin 38. Mineral paint was produced in California in 1914, from two counties, as follows: County Tons Value San Bernardino 80 52 $561 Stanislaus 2S() Totals 132 $K17 Deposits of more or less importance are located in Calavera.s, Kern, Lake, Los Angeles, Kings, Nevada, Riverside, Sonoma, and Stanislaus counties. r> i l..^.,„.„„. I^ne year 1890. Production, showing annual amount and value, to date since that time is given herewith : STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 71 Year Tons Value 1890 40 22 25 590 610 750 395 578 653 1,704 529 325 589 2,370 270 754 250 250 335 305 200 186 300 303 132 $480 1891 - -- -- - -- -- 880 1892 . 750 1893 26,795 1894 14,140 1895 . 8,425 1896 5.540 1897 1898 __.-.--_ -.___-__ 8,165 9,698 1899 _-. __.. ._ ___ 20,294 1900 3,993 1901 875 1902 1,533 1903 leoi _ _ . . 3,720 1,985 1905 4,025 1906 1,720 1907 1,720 1908 - - 2,250 1909 _ _ 2,325 1910 . __ _. __ 2,040 1911 1,184 1912 1,800 1913 1,780 I'M! _ 847 Totals _ _— - 12,465 $126,964 Mineral Water. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports VI, XII, XIII. U. S. G. S., Water Supply, Paper 338. A widespread production of mineral water is show^n by the following table for 1914. These figures refer to mineral water actually bottled and sold. Water from some of the springs having a decided medicinal value brings a price many times higher than the average shown, while in some cases the water is used merely for drinking purposes and sells for a nominal figure. 72 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. County Gallons Value Butte 1,200 15,508 92,000 364,288 254,150 331,151 60,000 26,000 142,940 100,000 700 44,200 8,865 1,000 160,400 29,000 30,000 650,000 43,020 89,015 100 35 $300 6,517 24,951 3,643 47,267 8,025 9,000 7,900 78,280 2,000 280 5,100 911 Calaveras Colusa Contra Costa Lake Los Angeles Marin Monterey Napa Riverside ___ _ _ San Benito San Bernardino San Diego _ _ San Luis Obispo __ __ 250 Santa Barbara _ 152 432 Santa Clara __ 10,750 6,850 65,000 5,208 46,160 100 Shasta _ Siskiyou _ Solano Sonoma Tehama _. _______ Trinity _ "^45 Totals _ 2,443,572 $476,169 Amount and value of mineral water produced in California since 1887 are given herewith: Year Gallons Value 1887 618,162 1,112,202 808,625 258,722 334,553 331,875 383,179 402,275 701,397 808,843 1,508,192 1,429,809 1,338,537 2,456,115 1,555,328 1,701,142 2,056,340 2,430,320 2,194,150 1,585,690 2,924,269 2,789,715 2,449,834 2,335,259 2,637,669 2,497,794 2,350,792 2,443,572 $i44,a(;8 252,990 1888 1889 _ 252 241 1890 ._ _ 89 786 1891 139 959 1892 162,019 1893 _ 90,667 1894 184,481 1895 291,500 1896 _. -_- 337 434 1897 _._ . _ 345,863 1898 ._ _ _ _ 213,817 1899 _._ 406,691 1900 _ 268.607 1901 __ 559,057 1902 ._ 612,477 1903 _._ 558,201 1904 496,946 1905 538,700 1906 _ _ - — 478,186 1907 ___ 544,016 1908 560,507 1909 _ ._ _ 465,488 1910 522.009 1911 .590.654 1912 529,384 1913 _ 599,748 1914 476,169 Totals _ 44,444,360 $10,711,9()5 I STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 73 Pumice. Reference: State Mineralogist Report XII (see Tufa). Bulle- tin 38. Pumice, or volcanic ash, is of common occurrence in California, particularly in the Sierra Nevada mountains; and almost any demand for this substance in any form or quality could be readily met. During 1914 a production of 50 tons is reported, from Madera County, valued at $1,000. Probably the future will show a considerable increase in the use of this material in building operations, owing to its extreme lightness. Pyrite. Eeference: Bulletin 38. Pyrite is extensively mined in several places, and used in the manu- facture of sulphuric acid. The following figures show the production for 1914: County Tons Value Alameda 9,829 69,438 $34,696 Sluista - 195,362 Totals _ _ _- 79,267 230,058 The total production in California to date is as follows: Year Tons Value 1898 6,000 5,400 3,642 4,578 17,525 24,311 15,043 15,503 46,689 82,270 107,081 457,867 42,621 54,225 69,872 79,000 79,267 $30,000 1899 , - 28,620 1900 - _ _ - _ 21,133 1901 _ . _ 18,429 1902 _ _ 60,306 1903 _ 94,000 1904 62,992 1905 63,958 1906 _ - 145,895 1907 __ __ __ 251,774 1908 _. _ _ _ _ _.. 610,335 1909 ._ , 1,389,802 1910 179,862 1911 _ _ 182,954 1912 _ _ _. 203,470 1913 . _ 218,537 1914 230,058 Totals 1,110,894 $3,792,125 This does not include the vast quantities of pyrite which are other- wise treated for their valuable metal contents. 74 Quartz. MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Reference: Bulletin 67. Quartz production in California during 1914 was as follows • County Tons Value Amador 1.2.50 1,250 $2,400 9 400 Tulare Totals 2,500 $4,800 Sand, Glass. Reference: State Mineralogist Report IX. 38. (See Glass.) Bulletin Practically all the glass sand produced in California occurs as such and needs no grinding. There are various deposits of quartz which could be utilized for glass making, but to date there is no commercial production of this class of material. Glass sand has been produced in the following counties of the State: Alameda, Amador, El Dorado, Los Angeles, Monterey, Orange, Placer. Riverside, San Joaquin, and Tulare. The chief producing centers hnvc been Monterey and Los Angeles counties, the outstanding feature for 1914 being the entrance of Amador to the list. The industry is of little importance, so far, because of the fact that the available deposits are not of a grade which will produce first-class glass. ]\Iany high- grade deposits are known, but almost without exception transportation facilities are so poor that the owners are unable to compete with the foreign sand which is brought in as ballast and sold at a low price. Production for 1914 was as follows: County Tons Value Amador 16,688 9.210 140 $9.8r>r) Monterey _ __ . __ _ _ 7,&33 San Bernardino 400 Totals 26,038 $17,888 STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 75 Total glass sand production in California since the inception of the idustry in 1899, is shown below. Tear Tons Value ,; 2.000 2,000 4,500 4,500 7,725 10,004 9,257 9,750 11,065 9,255 12,259 9,124 8,620 13,075 14,578 26.038 $2,000 l^HIU -- - - 2,000 1901 _ 15,750 1902 1S03 - -- 12,225 7,725 1904 __ 12,276 1905 8,121 1906 - - - - 13,375 1907 -- 8,178 1908 -- 22,045 1909 — 25,517 1910 — 8,165 1911 __ .__ 8,672 1912 -_ -_ 15,404 1913 -_ _ _ 14,143 1914 — - 17,888 Totals - - 153,750 $193,484 Soapstone. Reference: State Mineralogist Report XII. Bulletins 38, 67. Soapstone — also called talc or steatite — occurs widely distributed throughout California. It is found as a hydration product in the alter- ation of magnesian silicates, and is often associated with serpentine and actinolite. But few deposits have been proven of especial value to date, although there is an undoubted future for this branch of the min- eral industry in the State. It is used in making paper, toilet articles, soap, lubricants, tiling, etc., and for such is ordinarily ground to about 200 mesh before marketing. In this condition it brings about $15 per ton. The production of soapstone by counties during 1914 was as follows: County Tons Value Amador 610 390 $2,440 Invo 2,060 Totals 1,000 $4,500 76 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Production has been intermittent in the State since 1893, as shown in the following table: Year Tons Value 1893 400 25 10 14 219 228 300 $17,750 1895 375 1901 119 1902 _— 288 1903 - 10,124 1904 2,315 1905 3,000 1906 1907 __ __ ._ 1908 3 33 740 48 1909 280 1910 - _-- -- 7,260 1911 _ . 1912 - - 1,750 1,350 1,000 7,350 1913 -- - 6,150 1914 4,500 Totals - 6,072 $59,559 Sulphur. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports IV, XIII. Bulletins 38, 67. There is no commercial output of native sulphur in California although this mineral has been found to some extent in Colusa, Im- perial, Inyo, Kern, Lake, Mariposa, San Bernardino, Sonoma, Tehama, and Ventura counties. Production of sulphur is very improbable, in the immediate future, although possibilities of such a condition remain to be proven. I STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 77 CHAPTER SIX. SALINES. Borax, salt, soda, nitrates and potash are included under this head- ing. Borax and salt have been produced in California since the sixties, although no official records of output were kept by this Bureau pre- vious to 1887. Soda has had a virtually continuous production since 1894. The nitrates and potash have never been commercially pro- duced in the State, although the future possibilities along these lines are indeed great. The desert portions of California, located largely in Inyo, Kern, Riverside, Imperial, and San Bernardino counties, are rich in the possession of salines of all descriptions. Ancient lake beds of vast extent are found there, many of which have never yet been exploited to any extent. The following tabulation shows amount and value of the saline minerals produced in California during the years 1913 and 1914, with increase or decrease in value for 1914 as compared with the previous year: 1913 1914 Increase Substance Tons Value Tons Value decrease, value Borax 58,051 $1,491,530 62,500 10 223,806 6.522 $1,483,500 460 583,553 • 115,396 $8,030— Potash 460+ Salt 204,407 1,861 462,681 24,936 120,870+ Soda 90,460+ Totals 2m,319 $1,979,147 292,838 $2,182,909 $203,760+ Borax. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports III, X, XII, XIII. Bul- letin 24. Borax was first discovered in California in the waters of Tuscan Springs in Tehama County, January 8, 1856. Borax Lake, in Lake County, was discovered in September of the same year, by Dr. John A. Veatch. This deposit was worked in 1864-65-66, and during that time produced 1,181,365 pounds of borax. Not till 1873 were the borax deposits of Inyo and San Bernardino counties discovered. Aside from the above mentioned localities borax is known in Kern, Los Angeles, Imperial, Solano, and Ventura counties. California is the only state in America producing borax. During 1914 three producers reported an output of 62,500 tons, valued at $1,483,500. 78 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Value of the State's borax output since 1887 is shown in the follow- ing table: Tear Value Year Value I 1887 $116,689 196,636 145,473 480,152 640,000 838,787 598,292 807,807 595,900 675,400 1,080,000 1,153,000 1,139,882 1,013,251 982,380 1902 $2 234 994 1888 1908 661,400 1889 1904 698,810 1890 1905 1,019,158 1891 - - 1906 1,182,410 1892 1907 1908 1,200,913 1893 1,117,000 1894 1909 l,ia3,960 1895 1910 1,177,960 1896 1911 1,456,672 1897 — 1912 1,122,713 1898 - - 1913 1,491,530 1899 1914 1,483,500 1900 Total 1901 $26,469,669 Nitrates. Nitrates of sodium, potassium and calcium have been found in vari- ous places in the desert regions of the State but no deposit of com- mercial value has been located as yet. Interest in this class of mineral substance is increasing and closer search may be rewarded by valuable discoveries. Potash. Potash has not previously been commercially produced in California and only during the past few years has this substance created general interest in the State. Considerable money has been spent recently in preliminary work w^ith a view toward developing what are claimed to be immense deposits of potash which lie in the old lake beds of the des- ert portions of California. The imports of this material from foreign countries have an annual value of many millions of dollars, and n domestic production would be of great value. During 1914 one producer reported 10 tons reduced from kelp, and valued at $460. Salt. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports II, XII, XIII. Bulletin 24. Most of the salt produced in California is obtained by evaporating the waters of the Pacific Ocean, plants being located on the shores of San Francisco Bay, at Long Beach, and at San Diego. Additional amounts are derived from lakes and lake beds in the desert regions of the State. The salt production of San Bernardino County is derived from deposits of rock salt which are worked by means of quarry inir with a steam shovel. A small amount of valuable medicinal salts wa*s produced during the year in Mono and Tehama counties, by evapora- tion from mineral springs. 1 STATISTICS OP ANNUAL PRODUCTION. Hstribution by counties is ^iven lierewitli : 79 ^B County Tons Value Hl^eda 126,983 13,500 20,000 20,000 40 *i 482 15,300 27,500 tl/11 $292,641 niyo -- - _ _ __ _ 54,000 Kern ._- 50,000 Los Angeles __ _ 60,000 Modoc - __ _ _ 720 Mono - _ _ 150 San Bernardino _ _ __ __ _ _ 2,892 San Diego _ __ __ __ _ _ __ 46,200 San Mateo __ _ _- 76,750 Tehama _ __ _. _ _ _ 200 Totals 223,806 $583,553 \rediclnal. Mineral. Amount and value of annual production of salt in California from 1887 to date is shown in the following tabulation: Tons 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 ia92 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1901 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 19U 1912 1913 1914 Totals 28,000 30,800 21,000 8,729 20,094 23,570 50,500 49,131 53,031 64,743 67,851 93,421 82,654 89,338 126,218 115,208 102,895 95,968 77,118 101,650 88,063 121,764 $112,000 92,400 63,000 57,085 90,303 104,788 213,000 140,087 150,576 153,244 157,520 170,855 149,588 204,754 366,376 205,876 211,365 187,300 141,925 213,228 310,967 281,469 155,680 414,708 174,920 395,417 173,332 324,255 185,721 383,370 204,407 462,681 223.806 583,553 2,629,612 $6,341,690 80 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Soda. Reference: State Mineralogist Reports XII, XIII. Bulletin 24. Soda and soda ash were produced during 1914, amounting to 6,522 tons, valued at $115,396. The total output, showing amount and value, of this product since the inception of this branch of the mineral industry in California is given in the table which follows: 18M 1895 1896 1897 190O 1901 1902 1903 1904 Tons j 1,530 i $20,000 1,900 i 47,500 3,000 ! a5,000 5,000 110,000 7,000 i 151,000 10,000 250,000 1,000 50,000 8,000 400,000 7,000 \ 50,000 18,000 : 27,000 12,000 1 18,000 15,000 22,500 12,000 18,000 1905 __ 15,000 12,000 22 500 1906 18,000 1907 ____ 1908 9,600 7,712 8,125 9,023 7,200 1,861 6,522 14,400 11,593 1909 1910 _. _ 11,862 1911 _ __ 52,887 37 094 1912 __ _ 1913 24 936 1914 115 396 Totals 151,473 $1,500,168 STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 81 CHAPTER SEVEN. MINERAL PRODUCTION OF CALIFORNIA BY COUNTIES. Introductory. The State of California includes an area of 155,652 square miles and is divided into fifty-eight counties. Some mineral of commercial value exists in every county, and during 1914 active production was re- ported to the State Mining Bureau from fifty-six counties of the fifty- eight. In the mountainous portions of the State are found the vein forming minerals, largely. In the vast desert regions of southeastern California ancient lake beds afford an unlimited supply of saline deposits. Underlying the interior valleys of the central and southern portion of the State are the largest pools of crude oil in the world. Building stones and mineral earths of all descriptions are widely dis- tributed throughout the length and breadth of the State. The counties, with their mineral resources, production for 1914, etc., will be considered in detail in this chapter.* Value of California Mineral Production, by County, for 1914, Arranged in the Order of Their Importance. Kern $28,047,957 Orange 8,831,763 Fresno 7,484,231 Shasta 5,044,930 Los Angeles 4,665,504 Nevada 3,329,179 Amador 3,230,075 Yuba 2,820,895 Santa Barbara 2,686,309 Sacramento 2,632,658 Inyo 2,091,362 Calaveras 2,068,343 Butte 1,755,315 Solano 1,683,866 Santa Cruz 1,642,958 San Bernardino 1,614,606 Riverside 1,579,586 Contra Costa 1,149,321 Placer 1,099,743 Tuolumne 1,059,118 Ventura 1,000,729 Napa 971.748 Alameda 870,427 Trinity 753,745 Sierra .— 733,000 Marin 554,137 San Benito 436,259 Siskiyou 384,752 Sonoma 326,144 San Diego 315,267 Santa Clara 32. San Mateo $246,478 33. Imperial 239,140 34. Humboldt 233,574 35. Madera 203,517 36. Mariposa 187,870 37. Plumas 164,800 38. Tulare 161,252 39. El Dorado 150,086 40. San Joaquin 129,930 41. San Francisco 119,889 42. Monterey 113,831 43. Merced ^112,500 44. Lake 63,503 45. San Luis Obispo 63,465 46. Colusa 32,251 47. Glenn 30.553 48. Mono 17,150 49. Stanislaus ^5,882 50. Del Norte 5,270 51. Lassen 4,324 52. Modoc 1,730 53. Kings 740 54. Yolo 736 55. Mendocino 560 56. Tehama 300 57. Alpine 58. Sutter Asbestos n.530 Platinum "14,800 Total $93,436,553 ^Includes gold and silver production of Stanislaus. 2See Merced. 'Asbestos from Alameda, Calaveras, El Dorado, Placer, Shasta. Amounts not separable. *Platlnum from Butte, Del Norte, Sacramento, Siskiyou, Yuba. Amounts not separable. See also p. *See also supplement to Chapter Three — Metals, pp. 33, 34, -18655 82 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Alameda. Alameda County, while in no sense one of the ' ' mining counties ' ' of the State, comes twenty-third on the list, with a value of mineralB products for 1914 of $870,427, an increase over the 1913 total, which' was $844,217. The principal mineral resources of this county consist of asbestos, brick, clu'oinite, clay, coal, lime, magnesite, manganese, pyrite, salt, soapstone, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance A^icu It Value Brick 22.668 M 5,000 tons 50 tons 150 tons SI 59 '^05 Clay 1,000 250 Limestone __. Magnesite „ _ _. _. _. _ 1,500 381.185 Miscellaneous stone - _ __. __ _ ___ . _ Pyrite . _ _ ._ . 9,829 tons 126,983 tons 34.696 Salt 29->r>}1 Total $87U. l'J7 Alpine. Alpine has usually shown a small production of gold and silver. but dropped out of the list of producing counties for 1914. This county lies just south of Lake Tahoe, in the high Sierra Nevada range of mountains. Its area is 776 square miles, containing a popu- lation of but 309 persons. Transportation is by wagon or mule back, ^, and facilities in general are lacking to promote development work of I any kind. The mineral resources of this section are varied and the country has not yet been thoroughly prospected. Barium, copper, gold, gypsum,^ lead, limestone, pyrite, rose quartz, silver, tourmaline, and zinc have; been found here to some extent. ; Amador. Area: 601 square miles. Population: 9,086 (1910 census). The value of Amador County's mineral production increased from $3,013,180 in 1913 to $3,230,075 in 1914, thus taking seventh place on the list of counties in the State as regards total value of mineral substances marketed. Although having an output consisting of twelve different minerals, the leading product, gold, makes up nearly 98 per cent of the enliiv total. Amador is second in the State in gold production. The mineral resources of this county are, in the main, as follo\vs: Asbestos, brick, chromite, clay, coal, copper, gold, lime, quartz crystals. sand-glass, sandstone, silver, soapstone, and stone industry. i STATISTICS OP ANNUAL PRODUCTION. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: 83 Brick . Clay - Coal — Copper Gold _- Load Lime Quartz Sand, glass Sandstone . Silver Soapstone . Total _. 2,500 M 32,223 tons 5,700 tons 5,251 lbs. 44 lbs. 1,540 bbls. 1,250 tons 16,688 tons a960 cu. ft. 610 tons $50,000 33,114 10,06^ 694 3,100,000 2 2,008 2,400 9,855 1,500 18,000 2,440 $3,230,075 Butte. Area: 1,722 square miles. Population: 27,301 (1910 census). Location: North central portion of State. Butte, thirteenth county in California in regard to the value of its mineral output, reported a commercial production of six mineral substances having a total value of $1,755,315, as compared with $2,533,940 for 1913. As will be noted in the following tabulation, gold is by far the most important item. Butte stands fifth among the gold-producing counties of the State. Among the principal mineral resources of this section are asbestos, barytes, chromite, gems, gold, limestone, marble, mineral water, platinum minerals, silver, and stone industry. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows : Gems _ _ $100 Gold -- _ - 1,700,000 Lead _ __ __ _. - 513 lbs. 1,200 gals. 20 Mineral water _ _ 300 Miscellaneous stone _ - 50.895 Silver _ - 4,000 Total $1,755,315 84 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Calaveras. Area: 1,027 square miles. Population: 9,171. Location: East central portion of State — Mother Lode district. Calaveras County reported production of seven different minerals, valued at $2,068,343 during the year 1914, as compared with the lOLS output worth $2,042,901. Gold, copper and silver are the chief mineral substances produced. In regard to total value of mineral output Cala- veras stands twelfth among the counties of the State; it is sixth in gold, second in copper, and third in silver. The principal mineral resources developed and undeveloped are: Asbestos, barytes, chromite, clay, copper, fuller's earth, gold, graphite, limestone, magnesite, marble, mineral paint, mineral water, platinum minerals, pyrite, quartz crystals, silver, soapstone, and the stone in- dustry. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Chromite 650 tons 280 tons 4,468,998 lbs. 290 tons $4,550 Clay _- 280 Copper 594,377 Fuller's earth 2,618 Gold 1,400,000 Lead 30 lbs. 15,508 gals. 1 Mineral water _ _ 6,517 Silver - _ 60,000 Total $2,068,343 Cofusa. Area: 1,140 square miles. Population: 7,732 (1910 census). Location: Sacramento Valley. Colusa County lies largely in the basin of the Sacramento Vallcx . Its western border, however, rises into the foothills of the Coast Ii.uiliv of mountains, and its mineral resources — to a great extent undeveloped — include coal, chromite, copper, gypsum, manganese, mineral water, pyrite, quicksilver, sandstone, stone industry, sulphur, and in souk places traces of gold and silver. The value of the 1914 production was $32,251, a decrease from the 1913 figures of $48,481, giving it forty-sixth place. 1 STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: 85 W^K- Substance Amount Value Mineral water 92,000 gals. 16,000 cu. ft. $24,951 Sandstone 7,300 Total $32,251 Contra Costa. Contra Costa, like Alameda County, lies off the eastern shores of San Francisco Bay, and is not commonly considered among the mineral- producing counties of the State. It stands eighteenth on the list in this respect, however, with an output valued at $1,149,321 for the calendar year 1914. Various structural materials make up the chief items. Among the others are brick, clay, coal, gypsum, limestone, manganese, mineral water, soapstone, and stone industry. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Brick 16,064 M 67 tons 5,666 tons 32,657 tons 364,288 gals. $129,543 Coal 268 Lime ^ _ - _ _ 4,724 Limestone __ _ __ 43,661 Mineral water _. _ _•_ _ _ 3,643 Miscellaneous stone _ _ _ _ _ _ 308,727 Other minerals _. 658,755 Total _. _ __ _ $1,149,321 >el Norte. Area: 1,024 square miles. Population: 2,417 (1910 census). Location: Extreme northwest corner of State. Transportation: Wagon and mule back. Del Norte rivals Alpine County in regard to inaccessibility. Like the latter county also, given transportation and kindred facilities, this portion of the State presents a wide field for development along mining lines especially. Its chief mineral resources, largely untouched, are chromite, copper, gems, gold, graphite, iron, platinum minerals, silver and stone industry. I 86 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Commercial production for 1914, giving it fiftieth place, was as fol- lows : SubsUnce Valu« Gold $2,000 Miscellaneous stone 3,250 Silver - - 20 Total $5,270 El Dorado. Area: 1,753 square miles. Population: 7,492 (1910 census). Location: East central portion of the State northernmost of the Mother Lode counties. El Dorado County, which marks the spot where gold was first dis- covered in California, comes thirty-ninth on the list of counties ranked according to the value of their total mineral production during the year 1914. The principal mineral resources of this section, many of thera undeveloped, are: Asbestos, barytes, chromite, clay, copper, gems, gold, iron, molybdenum, limestone, quartz crystals, quicksilver, sand-glass,; slate, soapstone, silver, and stone industry. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: - Substance Amou it. Value h Gold $135,000: Lead 90 lbs. 14,000 bbls. 4 Lime _- 12.082 Miscellaneous stone 2.G00 Silver 400 Total -- - -- $150,085 ! Fresno. Area: 5,950 square miles. Population: 75,657 (1910 census). Location: South central portion of State. Fresno County, third in importance as a mineral producer among th<| counties of California, reported an output for 1914 of seven minerat substances with a total value of $7,484,231, a decrease from the reported 1913 production, which was worth $8,438,810. The great bulk of tht above value is derived froni the petroleum production of the Coalini field. The mineral resources of this county are many, and, aside fro" crude oil, are far from being fully developer! . They include asbestos| STATISTICS OP ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 87 l)aryt(s. Iniek, ehromite, copper, gems, gold, graphite, gypsum, iron, !ii;i«rn('site. natural gas, petroleum, quicksilver, silver, and stone in- dustry. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Brick 4,£00M $3,600 Gold - -. 10,000 Miscellaneous stone __ ______ 237,963 Natural gas _ _. _ __ 250,000 M cu. ft. 15,952,190 bbls. 148 flasks 15,000 Petroleum Quicksilver 7,210,389 7,259 Silver 20 Total — - $7,484,231 Glenn. Glenn County, standing forty-seventh, owes its position among the mineral-producing counties of the State to the presence of large de- posits of sand and gravel which are annually worked, the product being used for railroad ballast, etc. In the foothills in the western portion of the county traces of ehromite, copper, manganese, sandstone, and soapstone have been found. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows : t Substance Value Miscellaneous stone $30,553 Humboldt. Ana: 3,634 square miles. Population: 33,857 (1910 census). L Location: Northwestern portion of State, bordering on Pacific Ocean, umboldt County is almost entirely mountainous, transportation within its limits being very largely by wagon road and trail, and until recently was reached from the outside world by steamer only. The county is rich in mineral resources, chief among which are brick, ehromite, coal, clay, copper, gold, graphite, iron, mineral water, natural gas, petroleum, platinum, silver, and stone industry. Five mineral substances, as shown by the table given below, having a total value of $233,574, were produced in 1914, as compared with the 1913 output, worth $471,052. Humboldt ranks thirty-fourth among the counties of the State for the year. 88 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Brick - m M $6,120 Gold 19,000 Miscellaneous stone 208,204 Natural gas - - 150 Silver _ _ 100 Total • $233,574 Imperial. Area: 4,089 square miles. Population: 30,000 (estimated by board of supervisors). Location: Extreme southeast corner of the State. During 1914 Imperial County produced four mineral substances having a total value of $239,140, as compared with the 1913 output, worth $95,054. Its rank is thirty- third, and the substantial increase is due to gold, resulting from the reopening of mines at Ogilby. This county contains large undeveloped deposits of gold, gypsum, lead, i marble, salt, and silver. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value il Brick 4,900 M 13,081 lbs. $29,400 1,740 200,0(X) 8,000 Copper Gold Silver Total - _ - $239,140 Inyo. Area: 10,019 square miles. Population: 6,974 (1910 census). Location: Lies on eastern border of State, north of San Bernardino County. Inyo, the second largest county in the State and containing less than one inhabitant per square mile, is extremely interesting from a minornl- ogical point of view. It is noted because of the fact that witliin ils borders are located both the highest point. Mount Whitney (elevation 14,502 feet), and the lowest point, Death Valley (elevation 290 feet below sea level), in the United States. In the higher mountainous sections are found many vein-forming minerals, and in the ancicMit lake beds of Death Valley saline deposits of nil kinds exist. I STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 89 Inyo's mineral production during the year 1914 reached a value of ^2,091,362, the county standing eleventh among the counties of the State in this respect. Its mineral resources include antimony, as- bestos, barytes, bismuth, borax, copper, gems, gold, gypsum, lead, iiiagnesite, marble, molybdenum, mineral water, nitre, platinum, quick- silver, salt, silver, soapstone, soda, sulphur, tungsten, and zinc. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Borax 49,2^ tons 336,423 lbs. $1,133,831 Copper _ - - 44,744 Gold 275,000 Lead _ 4,026,934 lbs. 3,500 cu. ft. 13,500 tons 180,450 Marble _ 10,500 Salt _ 54,000 Silver __ ___ __ 255,000 Soapstone __ 390 tons 399,641 lbs. 2,060 Zinc 20,381 115,396 Other minerals _ _ Total _ _ $2 091,362 i Kern. Area: 8,003 square miles. Population: 55,000 (estimated by board of supervisors). Location: South central portion of State. Kern County, because of its immense productive oil fields, stands pre-eminent among all counties of California in the value of its mineral output, the exact figures for 1914 being $28,047,957. This is larger by more than nineteen million dollars than the succeeding county on the list. This figure also exceeds the value of the total gold output of the entire State by approximately $7,000,000. The 1913 mineral out- l)ut for the county was worth $28,406,193. Among the mineral resources, developed and undeveloped, of this section are: Antimony, asbestos, asphalt, barytes, borax, brick, clay, copper, fuller's earth, gems, gold, gypsum, iron, lead, limestone, mag- nesite, marble, mineral paint, natural gas, petroleum, potash, salt, silver, soapstone, soda, sulphur, and tungsten. 7—1865.5 I 90 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Brick _ . 3,834 M 34G tons 7,394 lbs. $29,214 Clay 172 Copper 983 Gold _ 600,000 Gypsum _ _ _ _ 82 tons 379 lbs. 81,600 bbls. 6,508,868 M cu. ft. 65,332,633 bbls. 20,000 tons 320 Lead __-__ _ -_ 15 Lime _ _ _ _ 65,100 Natural gas _ _ _ - 390,532 Petroleum 26,721,046 Salt 50,000 Silver 10,000 Other minerals __ 180,575 Totals $28,047,957 Kings. At^ea: 1,159 square miles. Population: 16,230 (1910 census). Location: South central portion of State. Little development has taken place in Kings County along mineral lines to date. Deposits of fuller's earth, gypsum, mineral paint, nat- ural gas and quicksilver, of undetermined extent, have been found in the county. In fifty-third place, commercial production for 1914 was as fol lows : I $160^ 80 500 Substance Fuller's earth Gypsum Natural gas _. Total 20 tons 20 tons 150 M cu. ft. Lake. Area: 1,278 square miles. Population: 5,526 (1910 census). Location: About fifty miles north of San Francisco Bay and tlie same distance inland from the Pacific Ocean. On account of its topography and natural beauties, Lake County is sometimes referred to as the Switzerhuid of America. The mincijil resources which exist here are many and varied, actual production being comparatively small, as shown by the table below. Some of tin' leading minerals found in this section are borax, chromite, clay, gems. gypsum, mineral water, quicksilver, and sulphur. I STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 91 In forty-fourth place, commercial production for 1914 was as fol- lows: Substance Amount Value Mineral water _ - __ 254,150 gals. 331 flasks $47,267 Quicksilver __ _ 16,236 Total $63,503 Lassen. Area: 4,531 square miles. Population: 7,000 (estimated by board of supervisors, 1913). Location: Northeast portion of State. Lassen County is one of the least explored sections of California. Within the past couple of years a railroad traversing the county north ;ind south has been put in operation, thus affording opportunity for development along mineral and other lines. Among the mineral resources of this county are copper, gems, gyp- sum, gold, silver, and sulphur. In fifty-first place, commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value ' upper 19,089 lbs. $2,539 Gold — 1,000 Miscellaneous stone _ _ _ 775 Silver __. __ 10 Total _ $4,324 Los Angeles. Area: 4,067 square miles. Population: 800,000 (estimated by Chamber of Commerce, 1913). Mineral production in Los Angeles County for the year 1914 amounted in value to $4,665,504, as compared with the 1913 output, worth $5,833,298. This county ranks fifth in the State as a mineral producer. Its output of brick was over a million dollars, and that of petroleum amounted nearly to two million dollars. Among its leading mineral resources may be noted asphalt, barytes, borax, brick, chromite, clay, copper, fuller's earth, gems, gold, gypsum, infusorial earth, iron, lime- stone, marble, mineral paint, mineral water, natural gas, petroleum, salt, glass-sand, sandstone, serpentine, silver, soapstone, and stone in- dustry. Some potash is also found in this county. 92 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value 1 Borax 13,203 tons 133,557 M 8,263 tons $349,669 1,244,971 14,566 2,100 8,025 953,434 75,000 1,957,279 460 60,000 f Brick Clay Gems Mineral water _ 331,151 gals. Miscellaneous stone _ Natural gas _ 1,250,000 M cu. ft. 3,558,690 bbls. 10 tons 20,000 tons Petroleum _ Potash Salt Total $4,665,504 Madera. Area: 2,112 square miles. Population: 15,000 (estimated by Chamber of Commerce, 1913). Location: East central portion of State. Madera County produced five mineral substances during the year 1914, having a total value of $203,517, as compared with the 1913 out- put worth $371,867. This county contains deposits of copper, gold, iron, lead, molybdenum, pumice, silver, and building stone. In thirty-fifth place, commercial production for 1914 was as follows : Substance Amount Valua Copper _ - - - _ 35,359 lbs. $4,703 Gold _ - _ _ _ 5,000 Miscellaneous stone - _ _ _ 192,764 Pumice ________ _ _ _ _ __ 50 tons 1,000 Silver _ _ .. 50 Total $203,517 Marin. Area: 529 square miles. Population: 25,114 (1910 census). Mineral production in Marin County during the year 1914 reached a value of $554,137, as compared to the 1913 output, worth $278,453. The considerable increase was due to three large contracts for rubble and macadam — the Key Route mole, San Francisco waterfront bulk- head and the Exposition roadways — rock for all of which came from Marin County. This county is not especially prolific in minerals, although among its resources along these lines are asbestos, brick, gems, mineral water, soapstone, and stone industry. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 93 In twenty-sixth place, commercial production for 1914 was as fol- lows: Substance Amount Value r.rick 15,000 m 60,000 gals. $55,000 Mineral water _ _ _ _ 9,000 Miscellaneous stone 490,137 Total ___. $554,137 Mariposa. Area: 1,463 square miles. Population: 3,956 (1910 census). Location: Most southerly of the Mother Lode counties. East central portion of State. Mariposa County is one of the distinctly ''mining'* counties of the State, although it stands thirty-sixth on the list of counties in regard to the value of its mineral output for 1914, with a total of $187,870, as compared with the 1913 figures of $246,079. Its mineral resources are varied, among the more important items lieing asbestos, barytes, copper, gems, gold, lead, marble, silver, slate, soapstone, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Barytes ^ _ __ 2,000 tons 277,472 lbs. $3,000 Copper _ _ _ _ - 36,904 Gold - 132,000 Marble 100 cu. ft. 100 Miscellaneous stone 15,366 Silver _ _ 500 Total $187,870 Mendocino. Area: 3,453 square miles. Population: 23,929 (1910 census). Location:^ Joins Humboldt County on the south and bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west. Mendocino's annual mineral production is small, the 1914 output being valued at $560, ranking it fifty-fifth among the counties. That of 1913, however, was worth $9,450. In each case crushed rock was the material commercially produced. Deposits of uncertain value, of asbestos, chromite, copper, graphite, inagnesite, and mineral water have been found, as well as traces of ! 94 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. gold and silver. For the coming year there are good prospects for a commercial yield of manganese ore. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Miscellaneous stone $560 Merced. Area: 1,995 square miles. Population: 15,148 (1910 census). Location: About the geographical center of the State. Merced County as a whole lies in the San Joaquin Valley, and iti figures as one of the lesser mineral-producing counties of the State. The 1914 mineral output (in which is included the gold and silver yield of Stanislaus, there being but a single dredge in each), was valued at $112,500. Copper and crushed rock have also been commercially pro- duced. Undeveloped deposits of antimony, quicksilver, and limestone have been noted in this county, in addition to the foregoing. Commercial production during 1914 was as follows: i Substance Value Gold* $112,000 Silver* _ ___ _^ 500 Total $112,500 •Including output of one dredge in Stanislaus County. Modoc. Area: 3,823 square miles. Population: 6,191 (1910 census). Location: The extreme northeast corner of the State. Modoc County, like Lassen, has only recently had the benefit of com- munication with the outside world by rail. It is at the present time generally speaking, an unexplored country. Among its known minernl resources are: Clay, coal, gold, iron, quicksilver, salt, and silver. In fifty-second place, commercial production for 1914 was as follows : SubsUnce Amount V»lU6 Gold $1.0(111 SmH 40 tons Tl'ii Silver 111 Total $1.7;'>ii I STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 95 Mono. Area: 3,030 square miles. Population: 2,843 (1910 census). Location: Is bordered by the State of Nevada on the east and is about in the central portion of the State measured on a north and south line. Gold mining has been carried on in portions of Mono County for many years, although taken as a whole it lies in a rather inaccessible country and has been but superficially explored. It is in the contin- uation of the highly mineralized belt which was noted in Inyo County and contains among other mineral resources barytes, bismuth, clay, copper, gold, gypsum, iron, lead, limestone, salt, silver and travertine. In forty-eighth place, commercial production for 1914 was as follows : Substance Amount Value Cold $7,000 Salt - i ton* 150 Silver 10,000 Total - - $17,150 ♦Medicinal. Monterey. Area: 3,330 square miles. Population: 24,146 (1910 census). Location: West central portion of State, bordering on Pacific Ocean, ^lonterey County produced ten mineral substances during the year 1914, having a total value of $113,831, as compared with the 1913 out- put worth $178,679. Its mineral resources include brick, clay, copper, coal, feldspar, fuller's earth, gold, silver, gypsum, infusorial earth, limestone, mineral water, petroleum, quicksilver, glass-sand, sandstone, silver, and the stone industry. In forty-second place, commercial production for 1914 was as fol- lows: Substance Amount Value Coal 5,992 tons 700 tons 450 tons - $17,976 3,500 Foldspar _ _ _ _ . _ . Fuller's earth . _ 3,150 Gold 4000 Gvpsum _ _ _ 7,000 tons 26.000 gals. 21,000 Mineral water ^fiscellaneoiiP stone _ _ . __ 7.900 39.202 -and, glass "silver 9,210 tons 7,633 20 Other minerals 9,450 Total $113,831 96 MINERAL INDUSTRY OP CALIFORNIA. Napa. Area: 783 square miles. Population: 19,800 (1910 census). Location: Directly north of San Francisco Bay — one of the "bay counties. ' ' Napa, because of its production of structural and industrial mate- rials, stands twenty-second on the list of mineral-producing counties in California. Its most important mineral resources are asbestos, barytes, copper, cement, gypsum, magnesite, mineral water, quicksilver, sand- stone, soapstone, and stone industry. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Mineral water 142,940 gals. $73,280 Miscellaneous stone 130,816 Quicksilver _ _ _ „. . .. 240 flasks 11,772 Other minerals 756.380 Total $971,718 Nevada. Area: 974 square miles. - '' ■ Population: 14,955 (1910 census). Location: North of Lake Tahoe, on the eastern border of the State. Nevada, one of the mountain counties of California, leads all others in its gold output for 1914, and stands sixth on the list in regard to the value of its total mineral output with a figure of $3,329,179, as com- pared with the 1913 production, worth $2,950,367. M While this county actually produces little else in the mineral line aside from gold and silver, its resources cover a wide scope, includins: antimony, asbestos, barytes, bismuth, chromite, clay, copper, gems. iron, lead, magnesite, mineral paint, pyrite, soapstone, and tungsten. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Copper _ ______-. 39 lbs. S.~i Gems - _ - - ('(i Gold 3 MiH) 1)1 10 Lead _ 145 lbs. (i Miscellaneous stone ■J.lli^ Silver ._ _ _ ■J7j n '1 1 Total $3,329,179 STATISTICS OP ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 97 Orange. Area: 795 square miles. Population: 34,436 (1910 census). Location: Southwestern portion of State, bordering Pacific Ocean. Orange County is one of the many in California which on casual inspection appears to be anything but a mineral-producing section. It stands, however, as the second county in the State in regard to the total value of mineral output, its highly productive oil fields making such a condition possible. This county made a tremendous gain in 1914, with a total value of mineral products of $8,831,763, over the 1913 output, worth $6,948,495. Aside from the substances actually produced and noted in the table below, coal, gypsum, iron, infusorial earth, sandstone, and tourmaline have been found in Orange County. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Brick _ - - _ _-- 1,333 M $19,300 Miscellaneous stone 88,315 Natural gas _ _ _ — _ 1,867,336 M cu. ft. 12,758,678 bbls. 112,040 Petroleum _ _ _ __ 8,612,108 Total - - $8,831,763 Placer. Area: 1,395 square miles. Population: 18,237 (1910 census). Location: Eastern border of State, directly west of Lake Tahoe. While standing only nineteenth on the list of mineral-producing counties, Placer contains a wide variety of mineral substances which have never been commercially exploited. Its leading products are gold, granite, and limestone. Other mineral resources, many of them un- developed, are : Asbestos, brick, chromite, clay, coal, copper, gems, gold, iron, lead, limestone, magnesite, manganese, marble, quartz crystals, glass-sand, silver, soapstone, and the stone industry. 98 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Brick 2,000 M 63,700 tons 453 lbs. $40,000 49,0(J0 60 Clay __ Copper Gold 600.000 Lead _ - . __ 385 lbs. 202.575 tons 15 Limestone ._ _ 202,575 203,593 4,500 Miscellaneous stone __- __ _ - Silver Total $1,099,743 Plumas. Area: 2,594 square miles. Population: 5,259 (1910 census). Location: Northeastern border of State, south of Lassen. A considerable portion of the area of Plumas County lies in the high mountains, and deposits of the metals, especially gold and copper, are found here. Lack of transportation and other facilities have retarded its growth, but its future is decidedly promising. Mineral production for 1914 was valued at $164,809, as compared with the 1913 output, worth $143,698. Among its mineral resources are: Chromite, copper, gold, granite, iron, lead, limestone, manganese, platinum minerals, silver, tungsten, and zinc. In thirty-seventh place, commercial production for 1914 was as fol- lows: Substance Amount Value Copper - - 150,000 lbs. $19,9.-.ii Gold 140,000 Lead 2,058 lbs. 80 Miscellaneous stone - 1.879 Silver 2,900 Total _ $164,809 Riverside. Area: 7,240 square miles. Population: 34,696 (1910 census). Location: Southern portion of State. Riverside is the fourth county in the State in size and the seventeontli in regard to the total value of mineral output for 1014 Within its borders are included mountain, desert and agrieultui.il land. Us STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 99 mineral resources include metals, structural and industrial materials, .md salines, some of the more important being asbestos, borax, brick, cement, clay, coal, copper, gems, gold, graphite, gypsum, iron, lead, limestone, magnesite, marble, mineral paint, mineral water, nitre, salt, urlass-sand, soapstone, silver, stone industry, and tin. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance I'.rick Clay ipper ..Id Gypsum Mineral water Miscellaneous stone Silver Other minerals Total 1,610 M 70,136 tons 36,102 lbs. 5,300 tons 100,000 gals. $36,713 69,420 4,802 10,000 7,825 2,000 206,802 100 1,241,924 $1,579,586 Sacramento. Area: 983 square miles. Population: 90,000 (estimate of Chamber of Commerce, 1913). Location: North central portion of State. Sacramento stands tenth among the counties of the State as a mineral producer, the output, principally gold, for 1914 being valued at $2,632,658, as compared with the 1913 production, worth $2,925,706. In regard to gold output alone this county ranks fourth, being exceeded only by Nevada, Amador, and Yuba counties. Its mineral resources include: Brick, clay, gold, natural gas, platinum, silver, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows : Substance Amount Value Brick 22,862 M $160,923 Gold 2,175,000 Miscellaneous stone 253,235 Natural gas __ __ __ _ _ 80,000 M cu ft. 40,000 Silver 3,500 Total -__ _ _ __ $2,632,658 100 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. San Benito. Area: 1,392 square miles. Population: 8,041 (1910 census). Location: West central portion of State. Although twenty-seventh among the counties of the State in regard ;. to value of total mineral production, San Benito leads in one important;: branch of the mineral industry, namely, quicksilver production. J Its other mineral resources, many of them undeveloped, include: J Antimony, bituminous rock, chromite, coal, gypsum, gems, limestone,>J mineral water, soapstone, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: I Substance Amount Value Mineral water _ 700 gals. $280 Miscellaneous stone _ _ _ 110,630 Quicksilver -- 6,633 flasks 325,349 Total $436,259 San Bernardino. Area: 20,157 square miles. Population: 75,000 (estimated by board of supervisors, 1913'). Location: Southeastern portion of State. San Bernardino, by far the largest county in the State, ranks six- teenth as regards the value of its mineral output for 1914, with a total of $1,614,606. This county, consisting largely of mountain and desert country, is highly mineralized, a few of the more important mineral resources being: Asbestos, barytes, borax, brick, cement, clay, copper, gems, gold, gypsum, iron, lead, limestone, marble, mineral paint, min- eral water, nitre, potash, salt, glass-sand, silver, soapstone, soda, stone industry, tungsten, tuff, vanadium, and zinc. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: I SubsUnce Amount Value Brick ___ _. 25 M 19,069 lbs. $1,250 Copper r.. 2,536 Gold 205,000 Gypsum 17,332 tons 45,110 lbs. 84,637 bbls. 23,006 tons 80 tons 44,200 gals. 49,150 Lead 1,759 Lime _ 93,100 Limestone _- 20,880 Mineral paint __ 561 Mineral water _ _ 5.100 Miscellaneous stone _ 131,978 Salt _ 482 tons 140 tons 2,892 400 40,000 1,060,000 Sand, glass Silver Other minerals _ Total $1,614,606 STATISTICS OP ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 101 San Diego. Area: 4,221 square miles. Population: 140,000 (estimate by Chamber of Commerce, 1913). Location: Extreme southwest corner of State. San Diego, first in California in the production of gem stones, ranks lliirtieth in the total value of its mineral output. This figure for 1914 t'(iualed $315,267, as compared to the 1913 output, worth $315,694. Aside from minerals commercially produced, as show^n below, San Diego County contains deposits of asbestos, bismuth, lithia mica, mar- ble, potash, soapstone, and tungsten. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value . : ick - - 5,457 M 30 lbs. $56,392 L'opper _ _ __ ____ - _ - 4 Gems -- _ __ _ 1,510 Mineral water Miscellaneous stone 8,865 gals. 911 210,250 Salt 15,300 tons 46,200 Total - - $315,267 San Francisco. Area: 43 square miles. Population: 527,000 (estimated by Chamber of Commerce, 1915). Surprising as it may appear at first glance, San Francisco County is listed among the mineral producing sections of the State, actual pro- duction consisting of crushed rock, sand, and gravel. Small quantities of various valuable mineral substances are found here, including cinna- bar, gypsum, lignite and magnesite, none, however, in paying quantities. In forty-first place, commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Value Miscellaneous stone $119,889 Total $119,889 102 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. San Joaquin. A7^ea: 1,448 square miles. Population: 50,731 (1910 census). Location: Central portion of State. San Joaquin County reported a mineral production for the year 1914 having a total value of $129,930, as compared with the 1913 out-- put, worth $165,157. Comparatively few mineral substances are found here, the chief ones being brick, clay, infusorial earth, manganese, natural gas, glass-sand, and stone industry. In fortieth place, commercial production for 1914 was as follows : Substance Amount Value Brick . 5,793 M 150 tons $82,890 1,500 19,440 25,900 200 Manganese _- Miscellaneous stone __ __ Natural gas _ 154,872 M Other minerals _ Total $129,930 San Luis Obispo. Area: 3,334 square miles. Population: 19,383 (1910 census). Location: Bordered by Kern County on the east and the Pacific Ocean on the west. The total value of the mineral production of San Luis Obispo County in 1914 was $63,465, as compared with the 1913 output, worth $63,675. Among its mineral resources, both developed and undeveloped, are: Asphalt, bituminous rock, brick, chromite, coal, copper, gold, gypsum, infusorial earth, limestone, marble, mineral water, onyx, petroleum, quicksilver, silver, and stone industry. In forty-fifth place, commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Bituminous rock _. 579 tons 1,000 gals. 1,266 flasks $1,118 250 Mineral water _._ Quicksilver 62,097 Total _ __ . . $63,h;:> I STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 108 San Mateo. Arid: 447 square miles. Population: 37,500 (estimate by county board of supervisors, 1913). Location: Peninsula, adjoined by San Francisco on the north. San Mateo's most important mineral products are limestone and s.ilt, the latter being derived by evaporation from the waters of San I'lancisco Bay. The total value of all mineral production during 1914 .■•lualed $246,478, as compared with the 1913 figures of $215,371. Small amounts of barytes, chromite, infusorial earth and quicksilver Ihive been discovered in addition to the items of economic value noted Ix'low. In thirty-second place, commercial production for 1914 was as fol- lows : Substance Amount Value Brick _ .._. 950 M $24,074 Gonis 200 Liino 6,581 bbls. 153,329 tons 845 I imcstono 75,941 Miscellaneous stone 34,&48 Salt _ _. - -- _ ______ 27,500 tons 81,000 tons 76,750 Sandstone 34,020 Total $246,478 Santa Barbara. Area: 2,740 square miles. Population: 27,738 (1910 census). » Location: Southwestern portion of State, joining San Luis Obispo on the south. Santa Barbara County owes its position as ninth in the State in regard to its mineral product to the presence of productive oil fields within its boundaries. The total value of its mineral production dur- ing the year 1914 was $2,686,309, as compared with the 1913 output of .$3,636,288. Aside from the mineral substances listed below, Santa Barbara County contains asphalt, diatomaceous earth, gilsonite, gypsum, mag- nesitt\ and quicksilver in more or less abundance. 104 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Bituminous rock 25,000 tons 2,100 M 6,157 tons 160,400 gals. $50,000 Brick 16,800 Limestone -_ 11,263 Mineral water _ _ _ 152,432 Miscellaneous stone 15,300 Natural gas _ _ 6,313,380 M cu. ft. 4,325,787 bbls. 9,286 cu. ft. 378,802 Petroleum - __ 1,989,862 Sandstone __ __ 1,850 Other minerals _- 70,000 Total - $2,686,309 Santa Clara. Area: 1,328 square miles. Population: 97,039 (estimate by Chamber of Commerce, 1913). J Location: West central portion of State. Santa Clara County reported a mineral output for 1914 of $266,956,^ as compared with the 1913 figures of $311,383. This county, lyingt^ largely in the Coast Range of mountains, contains a wide variety of mineral substances, including brick, clay, limestone, magnesite, man- ganese, mineral water, petroleum, quicksilver, soapstone, and the stone industry. It stood second in quicksilver yield for the year. In thirty-first place, commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Brick -- 15,900 M 1,425 tons 29,000 gals. $79,500 Magnesite - -_ 14,250 Mineral water _ __ __ 10,750 Miscellaneous stone _ _ 39,093 Petroleum -- - 10,000 bbls. 2,407 flasks 5,300 Quicksilver - 118,063 Total $266,956 Santa Cruz. Area: 435 square miles. Population: 26,140 (1910 census). Location: Bordering Pacific Ocean, just south of San Mateo County. The mineral output of Santa Cruz County, a portion of which is itemized below, amounted to a total value of $1,642,958, giving the county a standing of fifteenth among all others in the State in this regard. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 105 Among the mineral resources known here are bituminous rock, ce- ment, coal, graphite, gold, lime, limestone, petroleum, silver, and the ■^tone industry. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value lUtuminous rock 40,540 tons 173,282 bbls. 14,666 tons $115,500 157,011 I.iinostone -- - - - 25,082 Miscellaneous stone 4,276 Other minerals 1,341,089 Total $1,642,958 l(hasta. Area: 3,858 square miles. Fopulation: 18,920 (1910 census). Location: North central portion of State. Shasta County stands fourth in California among the mineral-pro- lucing counties, with an output valued at $5,044,930, as compared ith the 1913 production, worth $6,212,344. Not taking petroleum Into account, Shasta leads all the counties by a wide margin. This county is first in copper production, first in silver, first in pyrite, and seventh in gold. The Shasta copper belt is the most important deposit of this metal on the Pacific coast, and the present production would be practically doubled were it not for the conflict between the agricultural interests and the smelters regarding the alleged damage done to crops by the smelter fumes. Some of the smelters have been closed by injunction and others have been forced to curtail their output in the effort to render their gaseous waste innocuous. Shasta's leading mineral resources are: Asbestos, barytes, brick, chrome, copper, gold, iron, lead, lime, limestone, mineral water, pyrite, silver, stone industry, and zinc. Mount Lassen is located in southeastern Shasta County. 106 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows : Substance Amount Value 9 Brick 1,594 M 867 tons 25,122,766 lbs. 4^884^ 3,341,328i 1,100,000- 5,128" 841 Chromite Copper Gold Iron Lead __ __ _ _ _ 1,436 tons 21,565 lbs. 8,657 bbls. 36,997 tons 30,000 gals. Lime 5,163 Limestone 30,026 6,850 125 Mineral water Miscellaneous stone .. Pyrite _ 69,438 tons 195 362 ^ Silver __ __ _ 345 000 Total $5,044,930 • Sierra. Area: 923 square miles. Population: 4,098 (1910 census). Location: Eastern border of State, just north of Nevada County. Sierra County reported a mineral production of $733,000, consisting of gold and silver, during the year 1914, as compared with the 1913 output worth $1,010,976. Considering gold output alone, this county stands tenth ; and as to total mineral yield, twenty-fifth. Aside from the metals itemized below. Sierra County contains de- posits of asbestos, chromite, iron, lead, platinum minerals, serpentine and talc. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: • Substance Value Gold — - - — - - $730,000 Silver 3,000 Total $733,00(» Siskiyou. Area: 6,256 square miles. Population: 18,800 (1910 census). Location: Extreme north central portion of State, next Oregon boundary. Siskiyou, fifth county in California in regard to size, located in n highly mineralized and mountainous country, ranks twenty-eight li in regard to the value of its mineral output for 1914. Although the county is traversed by a transcontinental railroad i!i a north and south STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 107 11 ■■he, the mineral-bearing sections are almost without exception far from ■^transportation and other facilities. A large part of the county is accessible by trail alone. Future development and exploitation will doubtless increase the productiveness of this part of the State to a great degree. Among Siskiyou's mineral resources are: Chromite, clay, coal, cop- per, gems, gold, lead, limestone, marble, mineral water, pumice stone, quicksilver, sandstone, silver, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Coal -- 100 tons $500 (iold 312,000 load ___ _ ___ 58 lbs. 677 bbls. 650,000 gals. 2 1 imc 629 Mineral water -- - - 65,000 5,371 Sandstone - _ __ 250 cu. ft. 150 silver - 1,100 Total -_ - - -- $384,752 Solano. Area: 822 square miles. Population: 27,559 (1910 census). Location: Touching San Francisco Bay on the northeast. Solano, while mostly valley land, produced mineral substances during le year 1914 to the total value of $1,683,866, ranking fourteenth imong the counties of the State. Among her mineral resources are: ^tuminous rock, brick, cement, clay, fuller's earth, limestone, mineral iter, natural gas, onyx, petroleum, quicksilver, salt, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Limestone -Mineral water -Miscellaneous stone _ 86,128 tons 43,020 gals. $86,128 5,208 71,288 Natural gas Quicksilver other minerals 5,357 M cu. ft. 320 flasks 5,546 15.696 1,500,000 Total $1,683,866 108 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. Sonoma. Area: 1,577 square miles. Population: 48,394 (1910 census). ?* Location: South of Mendocino County, bordering on the Pacific Ocean. Sonoma ranked twenty-ninth among the counties of California dur- ing the year 1914, with a mineral production of $326,144, as compared with its 1913 output worth $239,037. More paving blocks are manu- factured here than in any other section of the State. Among Sonoma's mineral resources are: Brick, chromite, clay, cop- per, graphite, infusorial earth, magnesite, marble, mineral paint, min- eral water, quicksilver, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: I Substance Amount Value Magnesite _ _ __ 213 tons 89,015 gals. $2,130 Mineral water _ 46,160 Miscellaneous stone _ 276,516 Quicksilver -- 13 flasks 638 Other minerals 700 Total - $326,144 _ _ Stanislaus. Area: 1,450 square miles. ■ Population: 35,000 (estimated by the county board of super- visors). Location: Center of State, bounded on south by Merced County. Gold is the chief mineral product of Stanislaus County, although brick, clay, gypsum, iron, manganese, mineral paint, quicksilver and silver are found here to some extent as well. This county, thougli apparently ranking forty-ninth in the State in regard to value of mineral output, is really in a higher position. In order not to reveal individual biisiness, the gold and silver yield of its single dredge is combined with similar data under Merced County. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows : SubBUnce Amount Value Brick - — 250 M $2,5(10 Gold* Mineral paint - . .- 52 tons 286 Miscellaneous stone - . 3,096 Silver* Total $,5,882 'Combined with Merced. STATISTICS OF ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 109 Sutter. Area: 608 square miles. Population: 6,329 (1910 census). Location: Bounded by Butte County on the north and Sacramento on the south. Sutter is one of only two counties in the State which reported no commercial output of some kind of mineral substance during 1914. Both clay and coal exist here, but deposits of neither mineral have been placed on a productive basis. Tehama. Area: 2,893 square miles. Population: 11,401 (1910 census). Location: North central portion of the State, bounded on the north by Shasta, Tehama stands last among the fifty-six mineral-producing counties of the State. Its mineral output during 1914 was valued at $300, as compared with the 1913 production worth $2,442. Among its mineral resources are listed : Brick, chromite, copper, gold, marble, mineral w^ater, salt, silver, and the stone industry. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Mineral water _ _ 100 gals. ♦1/11 ton $100 Salt 200 Total $300 ♦From mineral water. Trinity. Area: 3,166 square miles. Population: 3,301 (1910 census). Location: North w^estern portion of State. Trinity, like Siskiyou County, requires transportation facilities to further the development of its many and varied mineral resources. Deposits of asbestos, barytes, chromite, copper, gold, mineral water, platinum, quicksilver, silver, and building stone are known here, but with the exception of gold, very little active production of these mineral substances is possible, as yet. 110 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. In twenty-fourth place, commercial output for 1914 was as follows; Substance Value Gold - - $750,000 245 Mineral wator - - Si]v(>r ._—------- - 3,500 Total $75:1,71.-, Tulare. Area: 4,856 square miles. Population: 35,440 (1910 census). Location: Bounded by Inyo on the east, Kern on the south, Fresno on the north. Tulare stands thirty-eighth on the list of mineral-producing counties. Her mineral resources, among others, are: Brick, clay, copper, feld- spar, graphite, gems, infusorial earth, magnesite, marble, natural gas, quartz, glass sand, soapstone, stone industry, zinc. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Brick - - - 6,838 M 2,830 tons 6 cu.ft. 9,650 tons $47,507 Feldspar _ _ - 13,065 Marble — — 30 Magnesite - 96,500 Miscellaneous stone - - 1,750 Quartz -- 1,250 tons 2,400 Total $161,252 Tuolumne. Area: 2,190 square miles. Population: 9,979 (1910 census). Location: East central portion of State — Mother Lode district. Tuolumne ranks twentieth among the counties of the State relative to its total value of mineral output. As a producer of marble its stand- ing is first. Chromite, clay, copper, gold, lead, limestone, marble, mineral paint. platinum, soapstone, silver, and the stone industry are the leading mineral resources. 1 STATISTICS OP ANNUAL PRODUCTION. )mmercial production for 1914 was as follows : 111 H^ SubsUnce Amount Value luer 45 lbs. $6 avid 950,000 Jje.nd - 89 lbs. 63,a31 bbls. 16,707 tons 21,830 cu. ft. 3 Lime 38,000 Limestone 21,907 Marble _. _ . 38,202 Silver -. 11,000 Total $1,059,118 Ventura. Area: 1,878 square miles. Population: 18,347 (1910 census). Location: Southwestern portion of State, bordering on Pacific Ocean. Ventura is the twenty-first county in the State in respect to the value of its mineral production for 1914, the exact figure being $1,000,729, as compared with the output for 1913 worth $924,972. The best grade of petroleum produced in the State is found here. Among its other mineral resources are: Asphalt, borax, brick, clay, mineral water, natural gas, sandstone. Commercial production for 1914 was as follows: Substance Amount Value Brick 449 M 100,000 M cu. ft. 943,929 bbls. 1,195 cu. ft. $3,102 Natural gas _ 6,000 Petroleum - - - _ 991,125 Sandstone 502 Total $1,000,729 Yolo. Area: 1,014 square miles. Population: 13,926 (1910 census). Location: Sacramento Valley, bounded by Sutter on the east and Colusa on the north. The mineral production from Yolo County during the year 1914 consisted of 15 flasks of quicksilver, valued at $736, ranking it in fifty- fourtli place. Deposits of undetermined value of iron and sandstone have been discovered within the confines of this county. 112 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA Yuba. Area: 639 square miles. Population: 10,042 (1910 census). Location: Lies west of Sierra and Nevada counties; south of Plumas. Yuba is eighth of the fifty-six mineral-producing counties of the State, and is third in regard to gold output. Quicksilver and iron deposits have been located in this county, aside from the following commercial production as reported for the year 1914 : Substance Gold Miscellaneous stone Silver Total $2,800,000 14,895 6,000 $2,820,895: MINING LAW APPENDIX. 113 CHAPTER EIGHT. MINING LAWS. The fundamental Federal and California statutes governing mining, the ('alif(iruia mine bell signals and forms of location notices are given herewith. MINING BUREAU ACT. Chapter 679. LStat., 1913.] act establishing a state mining hureau, creating the office of state mim rdlogisi, fixing his salary and prescrihing his powers and duties; providing for the employment of officers and employees of said hureau, making it the duty of persons in charge of mines, mining operations and quarries to make certain reports, providing for the investigation of mining operations, dealings and transactions and the prosecution for defrauding, sicindling and cheating therein, creating a state mining hureau fund for the purpose of carrying out the pro- visions of this act and repealing an act entitled ^^An act to provide for the establishment, maintenance, and support of a hureau, to he known as the state mining hureau, and for the appointment and duties of a hoard of trustees, to he known as the hoard of trustees of the state mining hureau, who shall have the direction, management and control of said state mining hureau, and to provide for the appointment, duties, and compensation of a state mineralogist, who shall perform the duties of his office tinder the control, direction and supervision of the hoard of trustees of the state mining hureau,'' approved March 23, 1893, and all acts amendatory thereof and supplemental thereto or in conflict herewith. [Approved June 16, 1913. In effect August 10, 1913.] people of the State of California do enact at follows: Section 1. There is hereby created and established a state mining bureau. The if oflScer of such bureau shall be the state mineralogist, which office is hereby ated. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the governor of the State of California and he is hereby empowered to appoint a citizen and resident of this state, having a practical and scientific knowledge of mining, to the office of state mineralogist. Said state mineralogist shall hold his office at the pleasure of the governor. H€ shall be a civil executive officer. He shall take and subscribe the same oath of office as other state officers. He shall receive for his services a salary of three hundred dollars ($300) per month, to be paid at the same time and in the same manner as the salaries of other state officers.. He shall also receive his necessary traveling expenses when traveling on the business of his office. He shall give bond for the faithful performance of his duties in the sum of ten thousand dollars ($10,000), »aid bond to be approved by the governor of the State of California. Sec. 3. Said state mineralogist shall employ competent geologists, field -istants, qualified specialists and office employees when necessary in the execution his plans and operations of the bureau, and fix their compensation. The said aployees shall be allowed their necessary traveling expenses when traveling on the business of said department and shall hold office at the pleasure of said state mineralogist. Sec. 4. It shall be the duty of said state mineralogist to make, facilitate, and encourage, special studies of the mineral resources and mineral industries of the 8—18655 114 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. stale. It shall be his duty: to collect statistics concerniim Hi.' cccurr.iicc and pro- duction of the economically important minerals ami the moLhods piusut'd in making ili'ir valuable constituents available for commercial use; to make a collection of] l^ipical geological and mineralogical specimens, especially those of economic and; commercial importance, sik h collecticn constituting the museum of the state; mining bureau; to provide a library of books, reports, drawings, bearing upon the mineral industries, and sciences of mineralogy and geology, and arts of mining and;; metallurgy, such library constituting the library of the state mining bureau ; to make a collection of models, drawings and descriptions of the mechanical appliances used in mining and metallurgical processes ; to preserve and so maintain such collections and library as to make them available for reference and examination, and open to public inspection at reasonable hours; to maintain, in effect, a bureau of information concerning the mineral industries of this state, to ccnsist of such collections and library, and to arrange, classify, catalogue, and index tlie data therein contained, in a manner to make the information available to those desiring it ; to issue from time to time such bulletins as he may deem advisable concerning the statistics and tech- nology of the mineral industries of this state. Sec. 5. It is hereby made the duty of the owner, lessor, lessee, agent, manager or other person in charge of each and every mine, of whatever kind or character, within the state, to forward to the state mineralogist, upon his request, at his office not later than the thirtieth day of June, in each year, a detailed report upon forms which will be furnished showing the character of the mine, the number of men then employed, the method of working such mine and the general condition thereof, the total mineral production for the past year, and such owner, lessor, lessee, agent, manager or other person in charge of any mine within the state must furnish whatever information relative to such mine as the state mineralogist may from time to time require for the proper discharge of his official duties. Any owner, lessor, lessee, agent, manager or other person in charge of each and every mine, of whatever kind or character within the state, who fails to comply with the above provisions shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor. Sec. 6. The state mineralogist now performing the duties of the office of state mineralogist shall perform the duties of the office of state mineralogist as in this ; act provided until the appointment and qualification of his successor as in this act i provided. Sec, 7. The said state mineralogist shall take possession, charge and control of the offices now occupied and used by the board of trustees and state mineralogist {, and the museum, library and laboratory of the mining bureau located in San Fi-an- cisco as provided for by a certain act of the legislature approved March 23, 1893, | and hereafter referred to in section 14 hereof, and shall maintain such offices, | museum, library and laboratory for the purposes provided in this act. > Sec. 8. Said state mineralogist or qualified assistant shall have full power and | authority at any time to enter or examine any and all mines, quarries, wells, mills, t reduction works, refining works and other mineral properties or working plants in L this state in order to gather data to comply with the provisions of this act. || Sec. 9. The state mineralogist shall make a biennial report to the governor on I' or before the fifteenth day of September next preceding the regular session of the . legislature. Sec. 10. All moneys received by the state mining bureau or any officer then'of (except such as may* be paid to them by the state for disbursement) shall be receipted for by the state mineralogist or other officer authorized by him to act in his place and at least ouce a month accounted for by him to the state controller and paid into the state treasury to the credit of a fund which is hereby created and designated "state mining bureau fund." All moneys now in the possession of the state mining bureau or any officer thereof received from any source whatsoevei-. shall be immediately paid over to the state mineralogist and by him accounted fei to the controller and paid into the state treasury to the credit of said fund. Stiid fund shall be used and is hereby appropriated for the use of said bureau in carry- ing out the purposes of this act. MINING LAW APPENDIX. 115 Sec. 11. The said state mineralogist is hereby authorized and empowered to nceive on behalf of this state, for the use and benefit of the state mining bureau, -ifts, bequests, devises and legacies of real or other property and to use the same in lueordance with the wishes of the donors, and if no instructions are given by said donors, to manage, use, and dispose of the gifts and bequests and legacies for the best interests of said state mining bureau and in such manner as he may deem II roper. Sec. 12. The state mineralogist may whenever he deems it advisable, prepare a six'cial collection of ores and minerals of California to be sent to or used at any world's fair or exposition in order to display the mineral wealth of the state. Sec. 13. The state mineralogist is hereby empowered to fix a price ui>on and to dispose of to the public, at such price, any and all publications of the state mining bureau, including reports, bulletins, maps, registers or other publications, such price shall approximate the cost of publication and distribution. Any and all sums derived from such disposition, or from gifts or bequests made, as hereinbefore pro- vided must be accounted for by said state mineralogist and turned over to the state treasurer to be credited to the mining bureau fund as provided for in section 10. He is also empowered to furnish without cost to public libraries the publications the bureau, and to exchange publications with other geological surveys and iontific societies, etc. Sec. 14. The state mineralogist provided for by this act shall be the successor iu interest of the board of trustees of the state mining bureau, and the state mineralogist, under and by virtue of that certain act, entitled "An act to provide for the establishment, maintenance, and support of a bureau, to be known as the state mining bureau, and for the appointment and duties of a board of trustees, to be known as the board of trustees of the state mining bureau, who shall have the direction, management, and control of said state mining bureau, and to provide for the appointment, duties, and compensation of a state mineralogist, who shall perform I lie duties of his office under the control, direction and supervision of the board ot iiustees of the state mining bureau," approved March 23, 1893, and all books, papers, documents, personal property, records, and property of every kind and description obtained or possessed, or held or controlled by the said board of trustees of the said state mining bureau, and the state mineralogist, and the clerks and employees thereof, under the provisions of said act of March 23, 1893, or any act supplemental thereto or amendatory thereof, shall immediately be turned over and delivered to the said state mineralogist herein provided for, who shall have charge and control thereof. Sec. 15. That certain act entitled **An act to provide for the establishment, maintenance, and support of a bureau, to be known as the state mining bureau, and for the appointment and duties of a board of trustees, to be known as the board of trustees of the state mining bureau, and to provide for the appointment, duties and compensation of a state mineralogist, who shall perform the duties of his ofiice under the control, direction, and supervision of the board of trustees of the state mining bureau," approved March 23, 1893, together with all acts amendatory thereof and supplemental thereto and all acts in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. 116 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM AND GAS. Chapter 718. An act establishing and creating a department of the state mining bureau for the protection of the natural resources of petroleum and gas from waste and destruction through improper operations in production; providing for the appointment of a state oil and gas supervisor ; prescribing his duties and powers; fixing his compensation ; providing for the appointment of deputies and employees; providing for their duties and compensation; providing for the inspection of petroleum and gas wells; requiring all persons operating petroleum and gas wells to make certain reports; providing procedure for arbitration of departmental rulings; creating a fund for the purposes of the act; providing for assessment of charges to be paid by operators and providing for the collection thereof; and making an appropriation for the purposes of this act. [Approved June 10, 1915.] The people of the State of California do enact as follows: Section 1. A separate department of the state mining bureau is hereby estab- lished and created to be known as the department of petroleum and gas. Such department shall be under the general jurisdiction of the state mineralogist. He shall appoint a supervisor who shall be a competent engineer or geologist experienced iu the development and production of petroleum and who shall be designated the "state oil and gas supervisor," and whose term of oflSce shall be four years from and after the date of his appointment. Sec. 2, For his services in the general supervision of said department the state mineralogist shall receive as compensation one thousand four hundred dollars an- nually which shall be in addition to his compensation fixed in section two of the act of June 16, 1913, relating to the state mining bureau. The supervisor shall receive an annual salary of four thousand five hundred dollars, and shall be allowed his necessary traveling expenses. The state mineralogist may appoint necessary clerks, stenographers, and assistants, and prescribe their duties and fix their com- pensation, within the amount limited in section forty-six hereof and subject to the civil service laws of the state. The additional salary herein authorized to be paid to the state mineralogist and the salaries of the supervisor and of the deputies, clerks, stenographers, assistants and other employees shall be paid out of the funds hereinafter provided for at the times and in the manner that salaries of other state officers and employees are paid. Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the state oil and gas supervisor so to supervise the drilling, operation and maintenance and abandonment of petroleum or gas wells in the State of California, as to prevent, as far as possible, damage to underground petroleum and gas deposits from infiltrating water and other causes and loss of petroleum and natural gas. Sec. 4. It shall be the duty of the state oil and gas supervisor to appoint not more than four deputies and prescribe their duties, and fix their compensation. Such deputies shall serve during the pleasure of the supervisor. He may also employ an attorney and fix his compensation. The supervisor, the deputies, and the attorney shall not be subject to the civil service act. Sec. 5. Each deputy appointed by the supervisor shall be a competent engineer or geologist experienced in the development and production of petroleum. I'^ch deputy shall be assigned certain districts or territory, and shall maintain an oflice in the district, convenient of access to the petroleum or gas operators therein. The office shall be open and the deputy shall be present at certain specified t linos which shall be i>osted at such office. Sec. G. It shall be the duty of each deputy, to collect all necessary informal ion regarding the oil wells in the district, with a view to determining the presence and source of walose of choosing an arbitrator. The notice shall be published once in a newspaper of general circulation, published in the county where the meeting is to be held, and posted in a conspicuous place at the office of the deputy supervisor at least five days before the time of meeting, and a copy thereof mailed to each of such ownei*s, or their local agents, at the address given, at least five days before the time of meeting. A majority of those attending such meeting shall be sufficient to choose such arbitrator. (3) The third member of the arbitration board shall be chosen by the other members, but if they fail to choose a third member within ten days after the selection of the first two members then such third member shall be chosen by the state mineralogist, and shall not be directly or indirectly interested in the property, nor employed in its operation. The arbitrators chosen as above specified shall each be paid ten dollars per day for each day of actual service, not to exceed thirty dollars each for any one case, upon warrants drawn upon the repair fund hereinafter created, and approved by the state mineralogist. One-half of the cost of arbitration shall be paid by the person demanding it and the board of arbitration may, at its discretion, order that the entire cost of such arbitration shall be paid by such person if it finds that such arbitration has been demanded needlessly or not in good faith. Sec. 11. Upon receipt by the sui>ervisor or deputy supervisor of a written com- plaint, signed by one-third of the individuals or corporations owning land or operat- ing wells within a radius of one mile of any well, or group of wells, the supervisor 118 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. must make an investigation of said well or wells and render a written order statin; the work required to repair the damage complained of, or stating that no work is required. A copy of such order must be delivered to each of the complainants and, if the supervisor order the damage rei>aired, a copy of such order shall be delivered to each of the owners, or agents, having in charge the wells upon which the work is to be done. Service of such copies shall be by mailing to such persons at the post office address given. AVithin ten days. after the date of mailing of such order any of such complainants may demand arbitration of the matter as provided in section 10 of this act. When said complaint is made by a single party against a well or wells, of which there is no financially responsible owner, the supervisor may order the necessarj' repair work, the expense of which shall be a charge against the com- plainant collectible as provided in section fourteen. Sec. 12. In any proceedings before the board of arbitration herein provided for, the supervisor shall have the power to subpoena witnesses and to administer oaths ; provided, however, that no person shall be required to attend upon such subpoenas, either with or without books, papers, documents or accounts, unless residing within the same county or within thirty miles of the place of attendance, but the supervisor may in such a case cause the deposition of witnesses residing within or without the state, to be taken in the manner prescribed by law for like depositions in civil ; actions in the superior courts of this state, and to that end may compel the at- ^, tendance of witnesses and the production of books, papers, and documents at such • places as he may designate within the limits hereinbefore prescribed. Witnesses shall be entitled to receive the fees and mileage fixed by law in civil cases. In ease of failure on the part of any person to comply with any order of the supervisor, I or any subp a lien against the property upon which the work is done. The decision of the board of arbitration or of the supervisor in such a case may be reviewed by writ of certiorari from the superior court of the county in which the disinci is situated, if taken within thirty days after the signing of the order. If no review is taken or, if taken, the decision of the board is affirmed, the lien upon the property shall bo enforced in the same manner that other liens on real property are enforced and . shall first be enforced against the owner of the well, against the operator and against the i>er»onrtl property and fixtures used in the construction or operation thereof, and then if there then be any deficiency, against the land upon which the work is done. Sec. IT). It shall be the duty of the owner of any well now drilled, or that may be drilled, in the State of California, on lands producing or reasonably presumed to contain petroleum or gas, to properly case such well or wells, with motnl casing, in MINING LAW APPENDIX. 119 iucordauoe with mclhods approved by the supervisor, and to use every effort and ciidoavor in accordance with the most approved methods to effectually shut off all water overlying or underlying the oil or gas-bearing strata, and to effectually prevent any water from penetrating such oil or gas-bearing strata. Sec. 1G. It shall be the duty of the owner of any w^ell referred to in this act, Ik fore abandoning the same, to use every effort and endeavor in accordance with methods approved by the supervisor, to shut off and exclude all water from entering oil-bearing strata encountered in the well. The owner shall give written notice to ihe supervisor, or his local deputy, of his intention to abandon any well and the (late when such work of abandonment shall begin. The notice shall be given to the supervisor, or his local deputy, at least fifteen days before such proposed abandon- ment. The owner shall furnish the supervisor, or his deputy, with such information a>4 he may request, showing the condition of the well and proposed method of abandonment. The supervisor, or his deputy, shall before the proposed date of ;il)andonment furnish the owner with a written order of approval of his proposal V a written order stating what work will be necessary before approval, to abandon, will be given. If the supervisor shall fail within the specified time to give the I wner a written order such failure shall be considered as an approval of the owner's roposal to abandon the well. Sec. 17. The owner of any well referred to in this act shall, before commencing (he work of drilling an oil or gas well, file with the supervisor, or his local deputy, a written notice of intention to commence drilling. Such notice shall also contain the following information: (1) Statement of location and elevation above sea level of proposed derrick and drill rig. (2) Tlie number or other designation by which such well shall be known, which number or designation shall not be changed after liliug notice provided for in this section, without the written consent of the super- \ isor being obtained therefor. (3) The owner's estimate of the depth of the point at which water shall be shut off. (4) The owner's estimate of the depth at which (ill or gas producing sand or formation shall be encountered. The provisions of this s-ction shall also apply, so far as may be, to the deepening or redrilling of any well. Skc. 1^. It shall be the duty of the owner of any well referred to in this act, to k.ip a I .iieful and accurate log of the drilling of such well, such log to show the clianicit'r and depth of the formations passed through or encountered in the drilling of such well, and particularly to show the location and depth of the water-bearing strata, together with the character of the water encountered from time to time (so far as ascertained) and to show at what point such water was shut off, if at all, and if not, to so state in such log, and show completely the amounts, kinds and size of casing used, and show the depth at which oil-bearing strata is encountered, the depth and character of same, and whether all water overlying and underlying such oil-bearing strata was successfully and permanently shut off so as to prevent the percolation or penetration into such oil-bearing strata ; such log snail be kept in the local office of the owner or operator and subject to the inspection of the super- visor or any of his deputies at any time during business hours, and a copy of said log shall be filed with the deputy supervisor immediately upon the completion of said well and also a complete copy shall be filed with the deputy supervisor upon the completion of any additional w^ork upon the well. The owner of any well drilled l)revious to the enactment of this act shall furnish to the supervisor a complete and correct log of such well, so far as may be possible, together with a statement of the present condition of said well. Sec. 19. It shall be t4ie duty of the owner of any well referred to in this act to notify the deputy supervisor of the time at which the owner shall test the shut-off of water in any such well. Such notice shall be given at least five days before such test. The deputy supervisor shall be present at such test and shall himself note in the log book the result thereof. If any test shall be unsatisfactory to him he shall notify the owner of that fact. Sec. 20. It shall be the duty of o\«iy piTson, association or corporation, producing oil in the State of California, to file with the supervisor at his request but not oftener than once in each month a sworn statement of the amount of oil 120 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. produced, during the period indicated, its gravity and the number of wells drilling, producing, idle, or abandoned. This information shall be in such form as the super- visor may designate. Sec. 21. Any owner or operator of a well referred to in this act, or employee thereof, who refuses to permit the supervisor, or his deputy, to inspect the same, or who wilfully hinders or delays the enforcement of this act, and every person, firm, or corporation, who violates any provision of this act, is guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punishable by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than thirty days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Sec. 22. Charges levied, assessed and collected as hereinafter provided upon the properties of every person, firm, corporation or association operating any oil well or wells for the production of petroleum in this state, or operating any well or wells for the production of natural gas in this state w^hich gas wells are situate in counties having producing petroleum wells chargeable under this act, and on lands situate within two miles, as near as may be, of any petroleum or gas well the pro- duction of which is chargeable under this act, shall be used exclusively for the support and maintenance of the department of petroleum and gas hereinbefore created, and shall be assessed and levied by the state mineralogist, and collected in the manner hereinafter provided. Sec. 23. Every person, firm, corporation or association operating any petroleum well or wells in this state shall annually pay a charge to the state treasurer at a uniform rate per barrel of petroleum produced for the preceding calendar year at the time and in the manner hereinafter provided, based upon a verified report as herein provided. Sec. 24. Every person, firm, corporation or association operating any gas well or wells in this state shall annually pay a charge to the state treasurer based upon the amount of gas sold in the preceding calendar year at a fixed rate per thousand cubic feet, which rate shall be based upon the proportionate benefits resulting to the property so assessed by reason of the expenditures made under this act, in the county, in which each such well is located. Said charge shall be based upon a verified report as herein provided ; provided, further, that no charges shall be assessed, levied, or collected from any person, firm, corporation, or association operating a gas well or wells in any county in which there exist no producing petroleum wells to be assessed under the provisions of this act. Sec. 25. Every person, firm, corporation or association owning any oil land, as determined by the supervisor, shall annually pay a charge to the state treasurer at the time and in the manner hereinafter provided, which charge shall be a uniform rate per acre. Said charge shall be based upon a verified report as provided herein ; provided, however, that such lands so assessed shall not be called upon to pay more than one-tenth of the total charges or moneys proposed to be assessed, levied and collected under the provisions of this act for any one year. Sec. 26. The charges assessed, levied and to be collected under the provisions of this act shall be in addition to any and all charges, taxes, assessments or licenses of any kind or nature paid by or upon the properties assessed hereunder. 2 Sec. 27. The state mineralogist shall annually, on or before the first Monday * in March, acting in conjunction with the state board of control, make an estimate ■ of the amount of moneys which shall be required to carry out the provisions of this act. Sec. 28. The state mineralogist shall prescribe the form and contents of all reports for making the charge or other purposes to carry out the intent and pro- visions of this act, which form shall be mailed in duplicate to the person, firm, corporation or association owning property or assessed under the provisions of this act. Sec. 29. Every person, firm, corporation or association chargoablo under the provisions of this act, shall within ten days after the first Monday in March of each year, report to and file with the state mineralogist, a report in such form as said officer may prescribe, givjng any and all items of information as may he demanded by said report, and necessary to carry out the provisions of this act, which ?f ,•■«■ MINING LAW APPENDIX. 121 r('lK)rt shall be verified by such pei-soii or officer as the state mineralogist may designate. Sec. 30. If any person, firm, corporation or association chargeable under the liovisions of this act shall fail or refuse to furnish the state mineralogist within lilt' time prescribed in this act the verified report provided for in this act, the state iniueralogist must note such failure or refusal in the record of assessments herein- ;itler in this act provided for, and must make an estimate of the petroleum or gas production, or landed area to be assessed of any such person, firm, corporation or :i charge thereon, which assessment and charge shall be the assessment and charge t( r such year. And if in the succeeding year any such person, firm, cori>o ration or iissociation shall again fail and refuse to furnish the verified report required by this act, the state mineralogist shall make an estimate as aforesaid, which estimate shall not be less than twice the amount of the estimate made by him for the previous yesir, ;iih1 shall note such failure or refusal as above provided, and the said estimate so made shall be the assessment or charge for said year. In case of each succeeding ( ousecutive failure or refusal the said state mineralogist shall follow the same procedure until a true statement or report shall be furnished. Sec. 31. Any person, firm, corporation or association failing or refusing to make and furnish any report prescribed in this act or rendering a false or fraudulent r,'I>ort shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to a fine of not less than three hundred dollars and not exceeding one thousand dollars for each such offense. Sec. 32. The state mineralogist may, for good cause shown, by order entered upon his minutes, extend for not exceeding thirty days, the time fixed in this act for filing any report herein provided for. Sec. 33. On or before the third Monday before the first Monday in July the state mineralogist shall determine the rate or rates which, when applied to the assessments provided for in this act, shall produce the sum necessary to be raised as provided in section twenty-seven of this act. Within the same time the said state mineralogist shall extend in the proper column of the record of assessments herein- after provided for the amount of charges due from each person, firm, corporation or association. Sec. 34. Between the first Monday in March and the third Monday before the first Monday in July in each year, the state mineralogist must assess and levy the charges as and in the manner provided for in this act. The assessments must be made to the person, firm, corporation or association owning or operating the property subject to assessment hereunder on the first Monday in March. If the name of the owner is unknown to the state mineralogist, such assessment must be made to unknown owners. Clerical errors occurring or appearing in the name of any person, firm, corporation or association whose property is properly assessed and charged, or in the making, or extension of any assessment or charge upon the records, which do not afTect the substantial rights of the paj'er, shall not invalidate the assessment or charge. Sec. 35. The state mineralogist and the chairman of the state bo-ard of control and the chairman of the state board of equalization shall constitute a board of ii'view, correction and equalization, and shall have all the powers and perform such duties as usually devolve upon a county board of equalization under the provisions of section three thousand six hundred seventy-two of the Political Code. The state mineralogist shall act as secretary of said board, and shall keep an accurate minute of the proceedings thereof. Said board of review, correction and equalization shall meet at the state capitol on the third Monday before the first Monday in July of each year, and remain in session from day to day until the first Monday in July for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this section. Sec. 36. On the third Monday before the first Monday in July of each year the state mineralogist shall cause to be published a notice, one or more times, in a daily, or weekly, or semi-weekly newspaper of general circulation published in the counties of Fresno, Kern, I>os Angeles, Orange, Ventura and Santa Barbara, if one be published therein, otherwise in a newspaper of general circulation published in the 9 — 18655 122 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. ^ county nearest to such county designated herein in which no such paper is pub- lished, that the assessment of property and levy of charges under and in pursuance of this act has been completed and that the records of assessments containing the charges due will be delivered to the state controller on the first Monday in July, and that if any i>erson, firm, corporation or association is dissatisfied with the 'J. assessment made or charge fixed by the state mineralogist, he or it may, at any -J; time before said first Monday in July, apply to said board of review, correction and ; equalization to have the same corrected in any particular. The said board shall £ have power at any time before said first Monday in July to correct the record of,|- assessments and may increase or decrease any assessment or charge therein if in its,^ judgment the evidence presented or obtained warrants such action. Costs of such "'' publication in any county shall be paid from the repair fund of said county. Sec. 37. The state mineralogist must prepare each year a book, in one or more ;^ volumes, to be called the "Record of Assessments and Charges for Oil Protection," in which must be entered, either in writing or printing, or both writing and printing, ^ each assessment and levy or charge made by him upon the property provided to be 1 assessed and charged under this act, describing the property assessed, and such j| assessments may be classified and entered in such separate parts of said record as ^ said state mineralogist shall prescribe. Sec. 38. On the first Monday in July the state mineralogist must deliver to the state controller the record of assessments and charges for oil protection, certified to , by said state mineralogist, which certificate shall be substantially as follows: "I, _ , state mineralogist, do hereby certify that between the first v Monday in March and the first Monday in July, 19 , I made diligent inquiry and I examination to ascertain all property and pei'sons, firms, corporations and associa- 1^^ tions subject to assessment for the purpose of oil protection as required by the 4 provisions of the act of legislature approved , 19__, providing for the assessment and collection of charges for oil protection ; that I have faithfully complied with all the duties imposed upon me by law ; that I have not imposed any unjust or double assessment through malice or ill will, or otherwise ; nor allowed any person, firm, corporation or association, or property to escape a just assessmeni or charge through favor or regard, or otherwise." But the failure to subscribe such certificate to such record of assessments and charges for oil protection, or any certificate, shall not in any manner affect the validity of any assessment or charge. It is the intention of this act that in the assessment of the lands as provided in section twenty-five hereof, and in carrying such assessments to the record of assess ments aforesaid, the state mineralogist shall keep within two miles as near as mji.\ be of producing petroleum or gas wells as provided in said section twenty-live hereof. Sec. 39. The charges levied and assessed under the provisions of this act sh;ill be due and payable on the first Monday in July in each year, and one-half theni 1 shall be delinquent on the sixth Monday after the first Mond^ay in July at six o'chx k p.m. and unless paid prior thereto, fifteen per cent shall be added to the amouiii thereof, and unless paid prior to the first Monday in February next thereafter :it six o'clock p.m., an additional five per cent shall be added to the amount thereof. and the unpaid portion, or the remaining one-half of said charges shall becoiiw delinquent on the first Monday in February next succeeding the day. ui)on which they become due and payable, at six o'clock p.m. ; and if not paid prior thereto fiv.' per cent shall be added to the amount thereof. Sec. 40. Within ten days after the receipt of the record of assessments and charges for oil protection, the state controller must begin the publication of a not it to appear daily for five days, in one daily newspaper of general circulation publisln 1 in each of the counties of Fresno, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Ventura and Snin.i Barbara, if one be published therein, otherwise for at least two times in a weekly or semi-weekly paper of general circulation published therein, or if there be neitlur a daily, nor weekly nor semi-weekly paper of general circulation published in nnv one of such counties, then the publication of the notice for such county slmll 1" made in a similar manner in a newsimper of general circulation published in tin county nearest such county, specifying: MINING LAW APPENDIX. 123 [1) That he has received from the state mineralosiist the record of assessments char;;es far oil protection. [2) That the charges therein assessed and h^vied are due and payahle on the Monday in July and that one-half thereof will be delinquent on the sixth iday after the first Monday in July at six o'clock p.m., and that unless paid to state treasurer at the capitol prior thereto, fifteen per cent will be added to th»^ mnt thereof, and unless paid prior to the first Monday in February next there- »r at six o'clock p.m., an additional five per cent will be added to the amount jsreof ; and that the remaining one-half of said charges will become delinquent on first Monday in February next succeeding the day uiwn which they become due payable, at six o'clock p.m. ; and if not paid to the state treasurer at the capitol >r thereto, five per cent will be added to the amount thereof. Costs of such [ication in any county shall be paid from the repair fund of said county. Jec. 41. The assessments and charges levied under the provisions of this acr II constitute a lien upon all the property of every kind and nature belonging to persons, firms, corporations, and associations and assessed under the provisions ;of, which lien shall attach on the first Monday in March of each year. Every irge and assessment herein provided for has the effect of a judgment against the son, firm, corporation or association, and every lien created by this act has the ;t of an execution duly levied against all property of the delinquent ; the judg- it is not satisfied nor the lien removed until such charges, penalties, and costs paid, or the property sold for the payment thereof. sc. 42. All charges assessed and levied under the provisions of this act shall 'paid to the state treasurer upon the order of the state controller. The con- •oller must mark the date of payment of any charge on the record of assessments and charges for oil protection, and shall give a receipt for such payment in such form as the controller shall prescribe, terrors appearing in any assessment on said record of assessments or overcharges shall be corrected by the controller by and with the consent of the state board of control in such manner as said controller and said board shall agree upon. Sec. 43. Any person, firm, corporation or association claiming and protesting as herein provided that the assessment made or charges assessed against him or it by the state mineralogist is void, in whole or in part, may bring an action against the state treasurer for the recovery of the whole or any part of such char'ge, penalties, or costs paid on such assessment upon the grounds stated in said protest, but no action may be brought later than the third Monday in February next follow- ing the day on which the charges were due, nor unless such person, firm, corporation or association shall have filed with the state controller at the time of payment of such charges a written protest stating whether the whole assessment or charge is claimed to be void, or if a part only, what part, and the grounds upon which such claim is founded ; and when so paid under protest the payment shall in no case be regarded as voluntary. Whenever, under the provisions of this section, an action is commenced against the state treasurer, a copy of the complaint and of the summons must be served upon the treasurer, or his deputy. At the time the treasurer demurs or answers, he may demand that the action be tried in the superior court of the county of Sacra- mento, which demand must be granted. The attorney general must defend the action, or may appoint any competent attorney to so defend, the expense of which employment shall be paid from the repair fund raised under the provisions of this act. The provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure relating to pleadings, proofs, trials, and appeals are applicable to the proceedings herein provided for. A failure to begin such action within the time herein specified shall be a bar against the recovery of such charges. In any such action the court shall have the power to render judgment for plaintiff for any part or portion of the charge,, penal- ties, or costs found to be void and so paid by plaintiff upon such assessment. Sec. 44. The state controller shall, on or before the thirtieth day of May next following the delinquency of any charge as provided in this act, bring an action in a court of competent jurisdiction in the county of Sacramento in the name of the people of the State of California, to collect any delinquent charges or assessments, 124 MINERAL INDUSTRY OP CALIFORNIA. together with any penalties, or costs, which have not been paid in accordance with the provisions of this act and appearing delinquent upon the records of assessments and charges for oil protection hereinbefore in this act provided for. The attorney general, or some competent attorney appointed by him for that purpose, must prosecute such action, and the provisions of the Code of Civil; Procedure relating to service of summons, pleadings, proofs, trials, and appeals are aijplicable to the proceedings herein provided for. In such action a writ of attach- ment may be issued, and no bond or affidavit previous to the issuing of said attach- ment is required. The special attorney herein authorized to be appointed to prose- cute such action or actions shall be paid from the repair funds raised under the provisions of this act. Payment of the charges and penalties, or amount of the judgment recovered in such action must be made to the state treasurer. In such actions the record of assessment and charges for oil protection, or a copy of so much thereof as is applicable in said action, duly certified by the controller, showing unpaid charges against any person, firm, corporation or association assessed by the state mineralogist, is prima facie evidence of the assessment upon the property, the delinquency, the amount of charges, penalties, and costs due and unpaid to the state, and that the person, firm, corporation or association is indebted to the people of the State of California in the amount of charges and penalties therein appearing unpaid, and that all the forms of law in relation to the assessment of such charges have been complied with. Sec. 45. The first assessment under the provisions of this act shall be as of the first Monday in March, nineteen hundred sixteen, and the reports of petroleum pro- duction and sales of gas herein provided to be assessed shall be reported for the calendar year ending December thirty-first, nineteen hundred fifteen. The lands herein provided to be assessed and charged shall be assessed to the owners thereof as of the first Monday in March, nineteen hundred sixteen. Sec. 4G. All of the moneys paid to the state treasurer under this act shall be deijosited to the credit of the "oil protection fund" which is hereby created. Of the moneys in such funds forty-five thousand dollars only, shall be set aside as a "supervision account" and shall be available annually for the support and mainte- nance of the department herein established, and for the necessary expenses of the controller in carrying out the provisions of this act. Any balance remaining in said account at the end of any fiscal year shall be can-ied over and made a part of the succeeding year's "supervision account" ; provided further, that in the first assessment under this act, an amount equal to the sum appropriated in section fifty- one hereof, shall be added to the regular supervision account and also the amount of ten thousand dollars which shall be available for providing offices and equipment for the deputy supervisors. All moneys shall be drawn from such fund, for the purpose of this act, upon warrants drawn by the controller of the state, upon demands made by the state mineralogist, and audited by the state board of control. Sec. 47. The moneys in such fund shall be expended under the direction of the state mineralogist. All moneys over and above the forty-five thousand dollars for support and maintenance shall be available for the actual repair of wells as specified in section fourteen, and for expenditures provided for in sections thirty-six, forty. forty-three and forty-four of this act. Moneys collected from any county shall Ix- available for repair work only in said county. Expenditure on repair work, in any county, during one year, shall not exceed an amount equal to twenty-five dollars per producing oil well in said county, but in no county shall the amount exceed twenty-five thousand dollars, and the charges hereinbefore provideersons, firms, corporations or associations digging, drilling, exca- vating, constructing or owning or controlling any well from which natural gas, flows shall upon the abandonment of such well, cap or otherwise close the mouth- of or entrance to the same in such a manner as to prevent the unnecessary or wasteful escape into the atmosphere of such natural gas. And no person, firm, corporation or association owning or controlling land in which such well or wells are situated shall wilfully permit natural gas flowing from such well or wells,;^ wastefully or unnecessarily to escape into the atmosphere. Sec. 3. Any person, firm, corporation or association who shall wilfully violate any of the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars or by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Sec. 4. For the purposes of this act each day during w-hich natural gas shall be wilfully allowed wastefully or unnecessarily to escape into the atmosphere shall ^ be deemed a separate and distinct violation of this act. § Sec. 5. All acts or parts of acts in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. f Sec. 6. This act shall take effect immediately. I Jl MINING liAW APPENDIX. 127 CALIFORNIA STATUTES. LOCATION OF MINING CLAIMS, MILL SITES, AND ASSESSMENT WORK. An act to amend the Civil Code of California by adding a new title thereto, to be numbered title X, in part IV of division second, consisting of sections 1426, 1426a, 1426b, 1426c, 1426d, 1426e, 1426f, 1426g, 1426h, 14261, 1426J, 1426k, 14261, 1426m, 1426n, 14260, 1426p, 1426q, 1426r, and 1426s, providing for the manner of locating lode and placer mining claims, tunnel rights, mill sites, and prescribing the char- acter and amoimt of assessment work on mining claims, and providing for proofs of such work, and for the recordation of location notices, and proof of labor, and for the enforcement of contributions from delinquent co-owners of mining claims, and prescribing the duties of county recorders respecting the recording of location notices of, and proofs of labor on, mining claims, tunnel rights, and mill sites, and the fees to be charged therefor, and repealing acts in conflict herewith. [Approved March 13, 1909.] le people of the State of California, represented in senate and assemhhj, do enact as folloics: Section 1. Tlio Civil Code of the State of California is hereby amended by add- Ig a new title thereto, to be numbered title X, in part IV of second division, oon- jting of sections 1420, 1426a, 142i)6, 142Gr, 1426(7, 1426c, 1426/, 1426«7, 1426//. M, 1426;, 1426A-, 1426?, 1426m, 1426m, 1426o, 1426p, 1426^, 1426r, and 1426.v, read as follows : § 1426. Any person, a citizen of the United States, or who has declared his tention to become such, who discovers a vein or lode of quartz, or other rock in lace bearing gold, silver, cinnabar, lead, tin, copper, or other valuable deposit, may ite a claim upon such vein or lode, by defining the boundaries of the claim, in the inner hereinafter described, and by posting a notice of such location, at the point discovery, which notice moist contain : First — The name of the lode or claim. Second — The name of the locator or locators. Third — The number of linear feet claimed in length along the course of the vein, teach way from the point of discovery, with the width on each side of the center of fthe claim, and the general course of the vein or lode, as near as may be. Fourth — The date of location. Fifth — Such a description of the claim by reference to some natural object, or jpermanent monument, as will identify the claim located. § 1426fl. The locator must define the boundaries of his claim so that they may )e readily traced, and in no case shall the claim extend more than fifteen hundred »t along the course of the vein or lode, nor more than three hundred feet on either le thereof, measured from the center line of the vein at the surface. § 1426&. Within thirty days after the posting of his notice of location upon a le mining claim, the locator shall record a true copy thereof in the office of the jaunty recorder of the county in which such claim is situated, for which service the i^unty recorder shall receive a fee of one dollar. § 1426c. The location of a placer claim shall be made in the following manner: posting thereon, upon a tree, rock in place, stone, post or monument, a notice of nation, containing the name of the claim, name of locator or locators, date of loca- ^on, number of feet or acreage claimed, such a description of the claim by reference some natural object or permanent monument as will identify the claim located, id by marking the boundaries so that they may be readily traced; provided, that rhere the United States survey has been extendeul)lic lands of ('aliforuia, Sees. K; and :Uk arc oiicii !•) mineral entry under the usual niinin.u law provisions. MINING CORPORATIONS. ^ An act to repeal Title XI of Part IV of Division First of tiie Civil Code and each ard every section of said title, and to substitute a new Title XI to take the place thereof in said code, relating to mining corporations. [Approved March 21, 1905.] « 'J'lic people of the State of Cu'ijOniUi, rcprc.si tiled in stnalc mid (tssiinhJij, do (tiaci (i.s folleirs: Section 1. Title XI and I'art iV of Division First cf the ('ivil (Vde and each and every section of said title are hereby rei>ealed. and a new Title XI is substit tuted in place thereof in said code, to read as follows : • V TITLE XL S MINING CORPORATIONS. Sec. 586. Transfer agencies. 587. Stock issued at transfer agencies. 587a. Consolidation of mining corporations. 588. Books and balance sheets to be kept by secretary. Stockholders' right^ to inspect. 589. Right of stockholders to visit mine with expert. 590. Liability of presidents and directors. i § 586, Any corporation organized in this state for the purpose of mining of carrying on mining operations in or without this state, may establish and niaintaii| agencies in other states of the United States, for the transfer and issuing of theifv stock ; and a transfer or issue of the same at any such transfer agency, in accordance with the provisions of its by-laws, is valid and binding as fully and effectually foE all purposes as if made upon the books of such corporation at its principal office^ within this state. The agencies must be governed by the by-laws and the directon| of the corporation. § 587. All stock of any such corporation, issued at a transfer agency, must b«^ signed by the president and secretary of the corporation, and countersigned at the* time of its issue by the agent having charge of the transfer agency. No stock must be issued at a transfer agency unless the certificate of stock, in lieu of which the- same is issued, is at the time surrendered for cancellation. § 587o. It is lawful for two or more corporations formed, or that may hereafter be formed, under the laws of this state, for mining purposes, which own or poss. -s mining claims or lands adjoining each other, or lying in the same vicinity, to (ou- solidate their capital stock, debts, property, assets and franchises, in such manner and upon such terms as may be agreed upon by the respective boards of directors or trustees of such corporations so desiring to consolidate their interests ; but no such consolidation must take place without the written consent of the stockholders representing two-thirds of the capital stock of each coiTwration, and no such consoli- dation can, in any way, relieve such corporations, or the stockholders thereof, from any and all just liabilities; and in case of such consolidation, due notice of the same must be given, by advertising, for one month, in at least one newspaper in the MINING LAW APPENDIX. 131 ( (nmty where the said mining property is situated, if there is one published therein, ;iii(l also in one newspaper published in the county where the principal place of business of any of said corporation is. And when the consolidation is completed, a certificate thereof, containing the manner and terms of such consolidation, must bo filed in the office of the county clerk of the county in which the original certificate of incorporation of each of said corporations is filed, and a copy thereof must be tiled in the oflice of the secretary of state ; such certificate must be signed by a majority of each board of trustees or directors of the original corporations, and it is their duty to call, within thirty daj-s after the filing of such certificate, a mooting of the stockholders of all of said corporations so consolidated, to elect a board of trustees or directors for the consolidated corporation, for the year thence next ensuing ; and to cause notice of the time and place fixed for such meeting to be I ailed to each stockholder of each of such corporations at his last known place . residence or business at least ten daj^ before the time fixed for such meeting, riie said certificate must also contain all the requirements prescribed by section two hundred and ninety. S oSS. It is the duty of the secretary of every corporation formed for the purpose ; mining, or conducting mining in California, whether such corporation be formed and organized under the laws of the State of California or of any other state, i< rritory, or foreign country, to keep at some place within the State of California au office and in such oflSce to keep a complete set of books showing all receipts and .xpenditures of such corporation, the sources of such receipts, and the objects of such expenditures, and also all transfers of stock. All books and papers must, at all times during business hours, be open to the inspection of any stockholder. He is entitled to be accompanied by an expert, and to make copies or extracts from Miy such books or papers. He may, at reasonable hours, examine such mining rperty, accompanied by an expert, take samples, and make such other examination - he may deem necessary. It is the duty of the directors, on the second Monday lit" each and every month, to cause to be made an itemized account or balance sheet lor the previous month, embracing a full and complete statement of all disburse- ments and receipts, showing from what sources such receipts w^ere derived, and to whom and for what object or purpose such disbursements or payments were made ; also all indebtedness or liabilities incurred or existing at the time, and for what the same were incurred, and the balance of money, if any, on hand. Such account or balance sheet must be verified under oath by the president and secretary, and posted in some conspicuous place in the office of the company. It is the duty of I he superintendent, on the fii-st Monday of each month, to file with the secretary an itemized account, verified under oath, showing all receipts and disbursements made by him for the previous month, and for what said disbursements were made. Such account must also contain a verified statement showing the number of men employed under him, and for what purpose, and the rate of wages paid to each, lie must attach to such account a full and complete report, under oath, of the work done in said mine, the amount of ore extracted, from what part of mine taken, I he amount sent to mill for reduction, its assay value, the amount of bullion received, rhe amount of bullion shipped to the office of the company or elsewhere, and the amount, if any, retained by the superintendent. It is his duty to forward to the ' Ifice of the company a full report, under oath, of all discoveries of ores or mineral- ! I'aring quartz made in said mine, w^hether by boring, drifting, sinking, or otherwise, uether with the assay value thereof. All accounts, reports, and correspondence I m the superintendent must be kept in some conspicuous place in the office of id company, open to the inspection of all stockholders. § 589. Any stockholder of a corporation formed under the laAvs of this state for the purpose of mining, is entitled to visit, accompanied by his expert, and examine the mine or mines owned by such corporation, and every i>art thereof, at any time he may see fit ; and when such stockholder applies to the president of such corpo- ration, he must immediately cause the secretary thereof to issue and deliver to such applicant an order, under the seal of the corporation, directed to the superintendent, commanding him to show and exhibit such parts of said mine or mines as the party 132 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. named in said order may desire to visit and examine. It is the duty of the super- intendent, on receiving such order, to furnish such stockholder every facility for making a full and complete inspection of said mine or mines, and of the workings therein, and to accompany said stockholder either in person, or to furnish some p^'rson familiar with said mine or mines to accompany him in his visit to and through such mine or mines, and every part thereof. If the superintendent fails to obey such order, such stockholder is entitled to recover, in any court of competent jurisdiction, against the corporation, the sum of one thousand dollars, and traveling expenses to and from the mine, as liquidated damages, together with costs of suit. In case of such refusal, it is the duty of the directors of the corporation forthwith to remove the officer so refusing, and thereafter he must not be employed directly or indirectly by the corporation, nor must any salary be paid to him. § 590. In case of the refusal or neglect of the president to cause to be issued by the secretary the order mentioned in section five hundred and eighty-nine, such stockholder is entitled to recover against said president the sum of one thousand dollars and costs, as provided in the last section. If the directors fail to have the reports and accounts current made and posted as provided in section five hundred and eighty-eight, they are liable, either severally or jointly, to an action by any stockholder complaining thereof, and on proof of such refusal or failure, he may recover judgment for actual damages sustained by him, with costs of suit. B^ach of such defaulting directors is also liable to removal for such neglect. CORPORATION LICENSE TAX LAW. Chapter 190. An act prescribing terms and conditions upon ivhich corporations may tramact business in this state and providing penalties and forfeitures for non-complian< ( . [Approved May 10, 1915.] The people of the State of California do enact as follows: Section 1. Every corporation organized under the laws of another state, terri- tory, or of a foreign country, which is now doing business in this state or main- taining an office herein, and which has not filed with the secretary of state prior to the day on which this act takes effect the document or documents required by section four hundred and eight of the Civil Code, or which shall hereafter do business in this state or maintain an office herein, or which shall enter this state for the purpose of doing business herein, must file in the office of the secretary of state of the State of California a certified copy of its articles of incorporation, or of its charter, or of the statute or statutes, or legislative, or executive, or gov- ernmental act or acts creating it, in cases where it has been created by charter, or statute, or legislative, or executive, or governmental act, duly certified by the secre- tary of state or other officer authorized by the law of the jurisdiction under which such corporation is formed to certify such copy, and must also file a certified copy thereof, duly certified by the secretary of state of this state in the office of the county clerk of the county where its principal place of business in this state is located, and also where such corporation owns any property, and every such cor- poration shall pay to the secretary of state for filing in his office such certified copy of its articles of incorporation, or of its charter, or of the statute or statutes, or legislative, or executive, or governmental act or acts creating it, a fee of seventy- five dollars, which fee shall be in lieu of the filing fee provided for in section four hundred and nine of the Political Code ; provided, that foreign corporations organ- ized for educational, religious, scientific or charitable puriwses and having no capital stock, shall pay a fee of five dollars for filing the document or documents hereinabove required. Foreign corporations having a capital stock shall also file with the secretary of state copies of any documents showing an incrt^ase or decrease in their authorized J MINING LAW APPENDIX. 133 capital stock, which documents shall be certified in the manner hereinabove required, but no fee shall be paid for such filing. It is hereby provided that every foreign (■(Hl)oration subject to the tax herein provided shall file with the secretary of state, at the time it tenders payment of said tax and any penalty which has accrued, an affidavit sworn to by its president or secretary, showing the amount of its authorized capital stock on the first day of January of the year in which said i>ay- luent is made, and in the event that such authorized capital stock, as shown by such affidavit, differs from the amount of such capital stock as api>ears from the records of the secretary of state, then the tax herein provided shall be measured by the amount shown in such affidavit, but in such event the license herein required shall not be issued nor shall the amount so tendered be accepted until copies of any documents relating to sucli change in authorized capital stock, certified as reration in the offic*e of the secretary of state, and at the time a MINING LAW APPENDIX. 135 fdioign corporation files with the secretary of state the document or documents loquired by section one of this act, the secretary of state shall determine whether such corporation is exempt as an educational, religious, scientific, or charitable corporation or as a non-profit corporation or as one of the corporations enumerated in subdivisions (a), (h) and (c) of section fourteen of article XIII of the constitu- tion. Sec. 10. If the license tax and penalties for delinquency required to be paid by section four of this act are not paid within the time herein required, the secretary of state shall on the Saturday preceding the first Monday in March, and at six o'clock p.m. of said day, enter upon the record of corporations in his office against the name of any company so failing to pay said license tax and penalty the words "charter forfeited to the state,*' if the corporation be a domestic corporation, and thereupon said charter shall be ipso facto so forfeited, and the words "right to do intrastate business forfeited" if the corporation be a foreign corporation, and there- upon said right to do intrastate business in this state shall be ipso facto so forfeited. Sec. 11. On or before the first Monday of April of each year the secretary of state shall make a list of all domestic corporations whose charters have been so forfeited, and of all foreign corporations whose right to do intrastate business in this state has been so forfeited or which have surrendered their right to do intrastate business in this state as provided in section fifteen of this act, and shall transmit a certified copy thereof to each county clerk in this state, who shall file the same in his office. Sec. 12. It shall be unlawful for any corporation, either domestic or foreign, A hich has not paid the license tax, as in this act prescribed, to exercise the powers such corporation, or to transact any intrastate business in this state, after six lock p.m. of the Saturday preceding the first Monday in March next following I he delinquency. Each and every person who exercises any of the powers of a r. rporation which has forfeited its charter or right to do intrastate business in :his state, or who transacts any business for or in behalf of such corporation, after -uch forfeiture, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars and not exceeding one lousand dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not less than fifty days or more than five hundred days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Sec. 13. In all cases of forfeiture under the provisions of this act, the directors i>v managers in office of the affairs of any domestic corporation, whose charter may iM' SO forfeited, or of any foreign corporation whose right to do business in this state ly be so forfeited, are deemed to be trustees of the corporation and stockholders members of the corporation whose power or right to do business is forfeited and have full power to settle the affairs of the corporation and to maintain or defend any action or proceeding then pending in behalf of or against any of said corix)ra- lii ns, or to take such legal proceedings as may be necessary to fully settle the affairs if said corporation, and such directors or managers, as such trustees, may be sued ill any of the courts of this state by any person having a claim against any of said • orporations ; provided, always, that no action pending against any corporation shall abate thereby, but may be prosecuted to final judgment and may be enforced by 'xecution with the same force and effect and in like manner as though no forfeiture Iiad occurred ; and provided, further, that where judgment has been entered against any coriwration prior to forfeiture under this act, that notwithstanding, execution may be issued thereon and the property of said coriioration, or that may come into the hands of any tnistees for it may be levied vipon, seized and sold to satisfy the same with like force and effect as though such forfeiture had not occurred. Sec. 14. Any domestic corporation which suffers the forfeiture prescribed by this act, may pay to the secretary of state all taxes and penalties which shall have accrued prior to such forfeiture, and all taxes and penalties which would have accrued if such forfeiture had not occurred ; and shall file an application with the <"cretary of state for the restoration of its charter, which application must set 1 th the names of the persons who became trustees upon such forfeiture, under the provisions of section thirteen of this act. niul shall be signed by all of said persons then surviving, and acknowledged by tach ( i s.iid pcix ns h-fore an officer auihori/.cd by 136 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. the laws of this state to take acknowledgments of conveyances of real property; whereupon such corporation shall be restored to its former corporate status and the secretary of state shall issue to such corporation a license entitling it to transact intrastate business in this state during the year in which such license is issued ; provided, however, that no corporation organized under the laws of this state which suffers such forfeiture shall be relieved from the effect thereof, nor shall such license be issued, in the event that subsequent to the date of forfeiture its corporate name, or a name so closely resembling said name as will tend to deceive, has been adopted and is in use by another domestic corporation. Any foreign corporation which suffers a forfeiture of its right to do intrastate business in this state, may pay to the secretary of state all taxes and penalties which shall have accrued prior to such forfeiture, and all taxes and penalties which would have accrued if such forfeiture had not occurred, and shall file with the secretary of state its application for a restoration of its right to do intrastate business, and copies of any documents increasing or decreasing its capital stock, certified as here- inbefore provided, together with an affidavit by its president or secretary, setting forth the amount of its authorized capital stock on the first day of January of the year in which said application is presented, and the taxes which w^ould have accrued after the date of such forfeiture shall be measured by the authorized capital stock, as shown by such copies and affidavits ; whereupon such corporation shall be restored to its former corporate status and the secretary of state shall issue to such corpora- tion a license entitling it to do intrastate business in this state during the year in which such license is issued. Any domestic corporation which has heretofore suffered a forfeiture of its charter under the provisions of an act entitled "An act relating to revenue and taxation, providing for a license tax upon corporations and making an appropriation for the purpose of carrying out the objects of this act," approved March 20, 1905, or under the provisions of any act amendatory thereof, may be restored to its former cor- porate status, subject to and upon complying with the conditions hereinabove provided for the reinstatement of domestic corporations which suffer the forfeiture prescribed by this act, and in addition thereto, upon payment of the taxes and penalties which would have accrued under said act of 1905, or any of the acts amendatory thereof, if such forfeiture had not occurred. Any foreign corporation which has suffered a forfeiture of its right to do business in this state under the provisions of said act of 1905, or any act amendatory thereof, may be relieved from the effect thereof and resume an intrastate business in this state upon filing with the secretary of state an affidavit by its president or secretary, setting forth the amount of its capital stock at time of taking effect of this act, and stating any subsequent changes in said authorized capital stock, and the dates on which such changes became effective, and shall pay to the secretary of state all taxes and penalties which would have accrued under said act of 1905, or under any of the acts amendatory thereof if such forfeiture had not occurred, and the taxes and penalties which would have accrued under the provisions of this act ; wherouiwn such corporation shall be restored to its former corporate status and the secretary of state shall issue to such corporation a license entitling it to do intrastate busi- ness in this state during the year for which the, license is issued. And the secretary of state shall, on or before the first Monday of April of each year, make a list of the corporations, both foreign and domestic, so paying, and of the foreign corporations which have resumed the transaction of intrastate business in this state, as provided in section fifteen of this act, and shall transmit a certified copy of said list to each county clerk in this state, who shall file rhe same in his office ; provided, the rehabilitation of any such corporation by reason of making such payments shall be without prejudice to any action, defense, or right which accrued by reason of the original forfeiture. Sec. 15. Any foreign corpomticn may surrender its right to engage in inlrn- Btate business in this stalo by liliim ;i stipulation with the secretary of si.itc. in which it shall agree that it will w\ ir.tnsact such business at any lim.' liinr.ifi.r without first obtaining from ilic -<"rni;,iy of slate a license anthorizint; (lie n'suMip- MINING LAW APPENDIX. 137 tian of such business, as hereinafter provided. Upon the filing of such stipulation and upon the payment of any tax or penalty then due, said corporation shall be' exempt from the payment of the tax provided in this act. It shall be unlawful for any such corporation to exercise its corporate powers in transacting any intrastate business in this state after the filing of such stipulation. Each and every person who exercises any of the powers of such corporation in the transaction of intrastate business or who transacts any intrastate business for or in behalf of such corporation after such filing shall be subject to penalties prescribed by section twelve of this act. Any such corporation may resume the transaction of intrastate business in this state at any time thereafter upon filing its application for a license therefor with the secretary of state and an affidavit by its president or secretary setting forth the amount of its authorized capital stock, and copies of any documents increasing or diminishing such capital stock, which copies shall be certified as herein provided, and upon paying a tax for the unexpired portion of the year which shall be measured by its authorized capital stock and which shall be that portion of the license tax specified in section four of this act which the unexpired number of months of such year, including the month in which such license is issued, bears to the entire year. Sec. 16. Any false statement contained in any of the affidavits herein required shall constitute perjury, and shall be punishable as such. Sec. 17. All moneys herein required to be paid shall, upon collection by the secretary of state, be immediately paid by him^ into the state treasury. Sec. is. Nothing in this act shall be construed as affecting or repealing any statute of this state respecting the assessment of franchises and levying of taxes thereon. Sec. 10. The provisions of this act in so far as they relate to the payment of the license tax provided for in section four of this act shall take effect on the first day of January, 1016, and as to all other provisions this act shall take effect ninety daj-s after final adjournment of the forty-first session of the legislature. PROTECTION OF STOCKHOLDERS. An act to amend an act entitled "An act to protect stockholders and persons dealing with corporations in this state," approved March 29, 1878, and all acts amendatory thereof, and to repeal all laws in conflict therewith. [Approved March 22, 1905.] Thr proplr of the State of California, represented in senate and asscnihly, do enact as follows: Section 1. Any superintendent, director, secretary, manager, agent, or other officer, of any corporation formed or existing under the laws of this state, or trans- acting business in the same, and any person pretending or holding himself out as such superintendent, director, secretary, manager, agent, or other officer, who shall wilfully subscribe, sign, endorse, verify, or otherwise assent to the publication, either generally or privately, to the stockholders or other persons dealing with such corpora- tion, or its stock, any untrue or wilfully and fraudulently exaggerated report, prospectus, account, statement of operations, values, business, profits, expenditures or prospects, or other paper or document intended to produce or give, or having ;i tendency to produce or give, to the shares of stock in such corporation a greater ilue or less apparent or market value than they really possess, or with the intention I defrauding any particular person or persons, or the public, or persons generally, shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by imprisonment in state prison or a county jail not exceeding two years, or by fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by both. Sec. 2. All acts and parts of acts in conflict with this act are hereby repealed. CIVIL CODE. ^§ 300. The directors of corporations must not make dividends, except from the )lus profits arising from the business thereof ; nor must they create any debts >nd their subscribed capital stock ; nor must they divide, withdraw or pay to 138 MINERAT. INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. the stockhoklors, or iiny of tluMii. niiy i)nrt of tlio capital stock, exoopi as lioreinaflor provided, nor reduce (u- incn-asc the ca]!!!.-',! stock, except as herein si)ccinlly provided. FV)r a violation of the provisions of this section, the directors nndei- whoso adminis- tration the same may have happened (except those who may hnve caused their dissent therefrom to be entered at large on the minutes of the directors at the time, or were not present when the same did happen) are, in their individual or private capacity, jointly and severally liable to the corporation, and to the creditors thereof, to the full amount of the capital stock so divided, withdrawn, paid out, or reduced, or debt contracted ; and no statute of limitation is a bar to any suit against such directors for any sums for which they are liable by this section; provided, hoioevcr, that where a corporation has been heretofore or may hereafter be formed for the purpose, among other things, of acquiring, holding, and selling real estate, water, and water rights, the directors of such corporation may, with the consent of stock- holders representing two-thirds of the capital stock thereof, given at a meeting called for that purpose, divide among the stockholders the land, water or water rights so by such corporation held, in the proportions to which tluMr holdiniis of such sto<*k at the time of such division entitled them. All conveyances made by the corporation in pursuance of this section must be made and received subject to the debts of such corporation existing at the date of the conveyance thereof. Nothing herein prohibits a division and distribution of the capital stock of any corporation which remains after the payment of all its debts, upon its dissolution, or the expiration of its term of existence. PENAL CODE. § 5G0. Every director of any stock corporation who concurs in any vote or act of the directors of such corporation or any of them, by which it is intended, either — 1. To make any dividend, except from the surplus profits arising from the business of the corporation, and in the cases and manner allowed by law ; or, 2. To provide, withdraw, or in any manner, except as provided by law, pay to the stockholders, or any of them, any part of the capital stock of the corporation ; or. 3. To discount or receive any note or other evidence of debt in payment of any installment actually called in and required to be paid, or with the intent to provide the means of making such payment ; or, 4. To receive or discount any note or other evidence of debt, with the intent W enable any stockholder to withdraw any part of the money paid in by him, or hU stock ; or, '^ 5. To receive from any other stock corporation, in exchange for the shares, note^' bonds, or other evidences of debt of their own corporation, shares of the capita^ stock of such other corporation, or notes, bonds, or other evidence of debt issued by such other corporation^is guilty of a misdemeanor. : ■i THE RIGHT OF EMINENT DOMAIN. ^ An act to amend section twelve hundred and thirty-eight of the Code of Civil Pro- cedure, relating to the purposes for which the right of eminent domain may be exercised, and repealing all acts and parts of acts in conflict with this act. [Approved April 28, 1911.] Skction 1. Section twelve hundred and thirty-eight of the Code of Civil Pro- cedure is hereby amended to read as follows : § 12:58. Subject to the provisions of this title, the right of eminent domain may be exercised in behalf of the following public uses : 4. Wharves, docks, piers, chutes, booms, ferries, bridges, toll roads, by-ro.nls. plank, and turnpike roads ; paths and roads either on the surface, elevated, or depressed, for the use of bicycles, tricycles, motor cycles and other horseless vehicles, steam, electric, and horse railroads, canals, ditches, dams, poundings, flumes, atpie- ducts and pii)e8 for irrigation, public transportation, sui)plying mines and farming neighborhoods with water, and draining and reclaiming lands, and fcr Ihiating logs and lumber on streams not navigable. MINING LAW APPENDIX. 139 5. Roads, tunnels, ditches, flumes, pipes and dumping places for working mines ; il also outlets, natural or otlienvise, for the flow, deposit, or conduct of tailinjjs or ^' refuse matter from mines; also an occupancy in common by the owners or possessors fl of different mines of any place for the flow, deposit, or conduct of tailings or refuse jii matter from their several mines. |j G. By-roads leading from highways to residences, farms, mines, mills, factories and buildings for operating machinerj^, or necessary to reach any property used for public purposes. 7. Telegraph and telephone lines, systems and plants. 0. Roads for transportation by traction engines or road locomotives. 10. Oil pipe lines. 11. Roads and flumes for logging or lumbering purposes. 12. Canals, reservoirs, dams, ditches, flumes, aqueducts and pipes and outlets iKitural or otherwise for supplying, storing and discharging water for the operation machinery for the purpose of generating and transmitting electricity for the supply mines, quarries, railroads, tramways, mills, and factories with electric power; and ;ilso for the applying of electricity to light or heat mines, quarries, mills, factories, incorporated cities and counties, villages or towns; and also for furnishing electricity t'^r lighting, heating or power purposes to individuals or corporations, together with hinds, buildings and all other improvements in or upon which to erect, install, place, or operate machinery for the purpose of generating and transmitting electricity 1 any of the purposes or uses above set forth. Sec. 2. All acts and parts of acts in conflict with this act are hereby repealed. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect immediately. An act to amend section 1239 of the Code of Civil Procedure, relating to proceedings to exercise the right of eminent domain. [Approved April 5, 1911.] Section 1. Section 1239 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the State of Cali- t'l ruia, is hereby amended to read as follows: § 1239. The following is a classification of the estates and rights in lands sub- j.ct to be taken for public use: 1. A fee simple, when taken for public buildings or grounds, or for permanent Iniildings, for reservoirs and dams, and permanent flooding occasioned thereby, or • an outlet for a flow, or a place for the deposit of debris or tailings of a mine. USE OF CALIFORNIA MATERIALS IN CALIFORNIA PUBLIC BUILDINGS. Section 3247 of the Political Code. *'Any person, committee, board, ofiicer, or any other person charged with the pur- chase, or permitted or authorized to purchase, supplies, goods, w'ares, merchandise, manufactures, or produce, for the use of the state, or any of its institutions or offices. < r for the use of any county or consolidated city and county, or city, or town, shall always, price, fitness and quality being equal, prefer such supplies, goods, wares, nurchandise, manufactures, or produce as has been grown, manufactured or pro- duced in this state, and shall next prefer such as have been partially so manufac- tured, grown or produced in this state. All state, county, city and county, city or town officers, all boards, commissions, or other persons charged with advertising for any such supplies, shall state in their advertisement that such preferences will be made. In any such advertisement no bid shall be asked for any article of a specific hiand or mark nor any patent apparatus or appliances, when such requirement would prt^vent proper competition on the part of dealers in other articles of equal value, niility or merit." 140 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. LANDS UNCOVERED BY RECESSION OF WATER. An act to amend section 3493m of the Political Code, relating to land uncovered by the recession or drainage of the waters of inland lakes. [Approved April 14, 1911.] The people of the State of California, represented in senate okI (isHonhly, do enact as follows: Section 1. Section 3493.m of the Political Code is hereby amended to read as. follows : Section 3493w. Any person desiring to purchase any of the lands now uncovered or which may hereafter be uncovered by the recession or drainage of the waters of inland lakes, and inuring to the state by virtue of her sovereignty, or the swampi and overflowed lands not segregated by the United States, must make an application! therefor to the surveyor general of the state, which application must be accompanied! by the applicant's affidavit that he is a citizen of the United States, or has declaredi his intention to become such, a resident of this state, of lawful age, that he desicfiii to purchase such lands (describing them by legal subdivisions, or by metes aifi3( bounds, if the legal subdivisions are unknown), under the provisions of this article,! for his own use and benefit, and for the use and benefit of no other person whomso-' ever, and that he has made no contract or agreement to sell the same, and that ho does not own any state lands which, together with that now sought to be purchased, exceeds six hundred and forty acres. The provisions of this section shall not affect or apply to any land uncovered by the recession or drainage of the waters of any lake or other body of water, the watei* of which are so impregnated wath minerals as to be valuable for the purpose of extracting therefrom such minerals ; but the land uncovered by the recession or draiJI- age of such waters shall be subject to lease for periods of not longer than twenty- five years upon such charges, tenns and conditions as may br i)r(-s(iibed by law. Sec. 2. All acts or parts of acts in conflict herewith ai(^ hereby repealed. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect immediately. EXTRACTION OF MINERALS FROM WATER. An act regulating the extraction of minerals from the waters of any stream or lake and prohibiting the extraction of minerals from said waters except under lease from or express permission of the state for a period not exceeding twenty-five years. [Approved April 14, 1911.] The people of the State of California, represented in scintic ami (/.n.s(a^( />///. (/" enact as follows: Section 1. Minerals contained in the waters of any stream or lake in this state] shall not be extracted from said waters except upon charges, terms and conditioflis prescribed by law. No person, firm, corporation or association shall hereafter gain the right to extract or cause to be extracted said minerals from said waters by userj custom, prescription, appropriation, littoral rights, riparian rights, or in any manner other than by lease from or express permission of the state as prescribed by law ; and no such lease or permission shall be grantc?d for a longer i)eriod than twenty five years. Sec. 2. All acts or parts of acts in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect immediately. MINING LAW APPENDIX. 141 vIINERAL LANDS WITHIN MEANDER LINES OF LAKES AND STREAMS. \n act relating to lakes and streams, the waters of which contain minerals In com- U merclal quantities; withdrawing state lands within the meander lines thereof from sale; prescribing conditions for taking such minerals from said waters and lands, and providing for the leasing of lands uncovered by the recession of the waters of such lakes and streams. [Approved April 27, 1911.] fe people of the State of California, represented in senate and assemhly, do " enact as follows: Section 1. There is hereby withdrawn from selection and sale all of the lands iinbraced within the original meander lines of streams and lakes belonging to the I jtate, the watei-s of which contain minerals in commercial quantities, and all such lands which may hereafter inure to the state by virtue of its sovereignty, excepting Uuch lands now contracted to be sold under sections S493m to 3493^, both inclusive, >f the Political Code. Sic. 2. No person, firm or corporation shall take water from such streams or ^ containing minerals and extract from such water such minerals, except under lerms and conditions of this act; and no person, firm or corporation may lease my land herein referred to and extract therefrom minerals deposited therein or ilii leon, except under the terms and conditions of this act. Sec. 3. Every person, firm or corporation taking from the waters of such stream, Is or lands any minerals, shall file, on or before the last Monday in January ot year, with the county assessor of the county in which any such stream or lake tuated, and also with the state controller, a written statement, duly verified, ing in tons of two thousand pounds, the amount of mineral taken by such person, or corporation from such water or land during the year ending December 31st preceding, and sold by said person, fiim or corporation during the said year pre- 1^'. Any such person, firm or corporation neglecting or refusing to furnish such luent shall be subject to a fine of one hundred dollars for each day after the last Monday in January such person, firm or corporation, shall fail to furnish statement, and, in addition to said fine, shall forfeit all leases granting the right i.yj extract such minerals from said water and said land. Any person who shall, either on behalf of himself or any firm or corporation, verify any such statement which shall be untrue in any material part, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor. Sec. 4. In case either the assessor or the state controller shall not be satisfied with the statement as returned, he may make an examination of the matters neces- sary to verify or correct said statement, and, for that purpose, may subpoena wit- nesses and call for and compel the production of necessary books and papers belong- jing to the person, firm or cori>oration making the returns. Sec. 5. The county assessor of the county shall, after examination and approval by him and the state controller of such statement, proceed to collect from such per- son, firm or corporation a royalty of twenty-five cents for each ton of two thousand pounds of mineral taken from such water or land by such person, firm or corporation ! and sold, during the preceding year, in the manner provided for the collection of personal property taxes ; provided, that the royalty on sodium bicarbonate and on sodium hydrate so taken shall be fifty (50) cents for each ton of two thousand pounds. Sec, G. Any person, firm or corporation desiring to lease any lands under this act must make application therefor to the surveyor general of the state, describing the lands sought to be leased by legal subdivisions, or if the legal subdivisions are unknown to the applicant by metes and bounds. The application must be accom- panied by a filing fee of ten dollars. Sec, 7, Upon the receipt of such application, the surveyor general shall direct the county surveyor of the county in which such lands are situated to survey the land sought to be leased. The county surveyor shall make an actual survey of the laud, at the expense of the applicant, establishing the four corners to each quarter l'J-2 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. 4 section, ana connecting the same wirn a Uiiitod States survey; and, within thirty days file with the surveyor geiu'ial a copy, uiidor oath, of his field notes and plat. If the county surveyor fails to make the survey as herein provided, the surveyor general shall immediately direct another person to make the survey at the expense of the applicant, and said survey shall be made and completed within thirty days after the authorization, and the field notes and plats, or copies thereof, shall be sworn to by the surveyor making them and shall be filed with the surveyor general. Sec. S. All applications to lease land under this act shall be approved or rejected by the surveyor general within ninety days aft,}r the receipt thereof. Immediately after the approval of the application, the surveyor general shall execute and deliver to the applicant a lease of the lands described in the application. Sec. 9. The lands, designated in this act shall be leased at the rate of two dol- lars and fifty cents per acre, per year, payable yearly in advance. All moneys re- ceived as rental for such lands and as royalty upon the mineral product of the waters of the lakes, streams or lands above mentioned, shall be paid into the state school land fund. Sec. 10. Whenever any lease is delivered to the applicant by the surveyor gen- eral, the lessee shall within fifteen days thereafter, present said lease to the treasurer of the State of California, and make payment of the first annual rental. The treas- urer shall receive the money and give a receipt therefor. All subsequent annual payments of rental must be paid to the state treasurer, in like manner, within fifteen days after they become due. In case payments are not made as herein provided, the lease and all rights thereunder shall cease and terminate. No lease shall run for more than twenty-five years ; provided, that upon the expiration of any lease, such lease may be extended for a period of twenty-five years upon such terms and con- ditions as may then be prescribed by law. Sec. 11. All leases made under the authority of this act shall contain a reser- vation to the state of a right to locate rights of way across such leased lands, subject only to the requirements that the rights of way shall be located in such manner as to cause the least injury to the leased lands across which the same may be located. and that any damage suffered by the lessee of such lands shall be compensated by the lessee of the lands for whose benefit the right of way is required ; and every such lease shall be subject to, and shall contain a reservation of, the right of any city and county or incorporated city or town of this state to at any time appropriate and take, under the laws of this state, relative to the appropriation of waters, water from any stream or lake tributary to or discharging into any stream or lake of the character mentioned in section one of this act, for any use or uses within the author- ized powers of such city and county, or incorporated city or town. Sec. 12. Leases of rights of way, not exceeding one hundred feet in width, for access to any water or lands designated by this act, may be applied for and granted in the manner herein provided for leasing lands. Such rights of way shall lie leased at an annual rental of two dollars and fifty cents an acre, and the sanu> shall ho paid as herein provided for leased lands. Sec. 13. All leases of mineral lauds provided for by this act shall cease and ter- minate on December Slst of any year if the lessee or assigns has not, during the year preceding, extracted or removed from such land and water an amount of min- eral equal, in the aggregate, to a minimum of five tons per acre of land lea.sed ; provided, that when a lease is not delivered to the lessee until after the fifteenth day of January of any year, the minimum tonnage for such year shall be less than five ' (5) tons, and shall be proportional to the number of days remaininu in sudi y.ar after the completion of the works. Sec. 14. Tlie surveyor general is hereby authorized to prep.iri. in.ikc. execute and deliver all papers, instruments and documents, and to do .my ;iiirlt be filed at least sixty days before the expiration of said calendar year; and ; abandonment and surrender shall not absolve the said lessee from the payment iiy royalty which may be due at the end of said fiscal year, for minerals extracted 111 the waters or lands in this act specified. Skc. 17. This act shall take effect immediately. HYDRAULIC MINING. vVhere hydraulic mining can be carried on. 1424. The business of hydraulic mining may be carried on within the State of iforuia wherever and whenever the same ran be carried on without material iry to the navigable streams, or the lands adjacent thereto. vieaning of hydraulic mining. S 1425. Hydraulic mining, within the meaning of this title, is mining by the !us of the application of water, under pressure, through a nozzle, against a natural I Fcr Frd. ral regulations on hydraulic mining, see pp. 151-156.) MINER'S INCH DEFINED. An act fixing and defining a miner's inch of water. [Approved March 23, 1901.] 77/' jii 1,1,1c i,f the St (lie of California, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as folloivs: Mixtion 1. The standard miner's inch of water shall be equivalent or equal to and one-half cubic feet of water per minute, measured through any aperture or ;'-e. ~^KC. 2. All acts or parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act are !tby repealed. Sec. 3. This act shall be in effect and force sixty days from and after its passage. LARCENY OF GOLD-DUST AND AMALGAM. An act supplementary to an act entitled "An act concerning crimes and punish- ments," passed April 16, 1850. [Approved March 20, 1872; 1871-2, 435.] -^iiCTiON 1. Every person who shall feloniously steal, take and carry away, or lupt to take, steal, and carry from any mining claim, tunnel, sluice, under-cur- ;. riffle-box, or sulphurate (sulphuret) machine any gold-dust, amalgam, or quick- r, the property of another, shall be deemed guilty of grand larceny, and upon \ ictiou thereof shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for any I of not less than one year nor more than fourteen years. 1 141 IJ1NER,VL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORXIA. REGULATION OF HOURS OF EMPLOYMENT. An act regulating the hours of employment in underground mines, undergrounc workings, whether for the purpose of tunneling, making excavations, or ti accomplish any other purpose or design, or in smelting and reduction works [Approved May 30, 1913.] The people of Ike State of Calif omut do enact precious, or who are engaged in such underground mines for other purposes, or \\h< are employed or engaged in any other underground workings whether for the purpi n of tunneling, making excavations or to accomplish any other purpose or design, y who are employed in smelters and other institutions for the reduction or refininif; r ores or metals, shall not exceed eight hours within any twenty-four hours, and { « hours of employment in such employment or work day shall be consecutive, excladJl i however, any intermission of time for lunch or meals ; provided, that in case l emergency where life or property is in imminent danger, the period may be a I otherwise. And all corporat associations, owner or owners of mines, as aforesaid, working at a greater than three hundred feet, not having any other mode <^ egress than from the shaft, shall proceed as herein provided. Sec. 3. When any corporation, association, owner or owners of any quartz in this state shall fail to provide for the proper egress, as herein c i< ti corporation, association, owner or owners of the mine where the injuries shall i vo occurred shall be liable to the person injured in all damages that may accni- ! y reason thereof; and an action at law in a court of competent jurisdiction ma> )•' maintained against the owner or owners of such mine, which owners shnl! I* jointly or severally liable for such damages. And where death shall ensue fruin MINING LAW APPENDIX. ]\:> iries received from any negligence on the part of the owners thereof, by reason tlieir failure to comply with any of the provisions of this act, the h»'ir« or 1 lives surviving the deceased may commence an action for the recovery of such i;lges. hone system shall be deemed guilty of mi^sdemeanor and punished acconlingly. FENCING ABANDONED SHAFTS. An act to provide for the covering or fencing of abandoned mining shafts, pits or excavations, the penalty, and also the penalty for removing or destroying the covering or fencing from the same. [Approved March 20, 1903.] ■ pie of the State of California, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows ^KCTioN 1. All abandoned mining shafts, pits or abandoned excavations danger- to passers-by or live stock shall be securely covered or fenced, and kept so, by owners of the land or persons in charge of the same, on which such shafts, pits ther excavations are located. Any person or persons failing to comply with th»» visions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor. yx:. 4. This act shall take effect six months from the day of passage. CALIFORNIA MINE BELL SIGNALS. An act to establish a uniform system of mine bell signals, to be used in all the mines operated in the State of California, and for the protection of miners. [Approved March 8. 1893.] Every person, company, corporation^ or individual, operating any • wiLLiu the State of California — gold, silver, copper, lead, coal, or any other al or substance — where it is necessary to use signal* by means of bell or other- e, for shafts, inclines, drifts, croMtcnts, tunoels, and underground workings, shall, 18655 146 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. after the passage of this bill, adopt, use, and put in force the following system or code of mine bell signals, as follows : 1 bell, to hoist. (See Rule 2.) 1 bell, to stop if in motion. 2 bells, to lower. (See Rule 2.) 3 bells, man to be hoisted; run slow. (See Rule 2.) 4 bells, start pump if not running, or stop pump if running, 1 — 3 bells, start or stop air compressor. 5 bells, send down tools. (See Rule 4.) 6 bells, send down timbers. (See Rule 4.) 7 bells, accident ; move bucket or cage by verbal orders only. 1 — 4 bells, foreman wanted. 2 — 1 — 1 bells, done hoisting until called. 2 — 1 — 2 bells, done hoisting for the day. 2 — 2 — 2 bells, change buckets from ore to water, or vice versa. 3—2—1 bells, ready to shoot in the shaft. (See Rule 3.) Engineer's signal, that he is ready to hoist, i& to raise the bucket or cage two feet and lower it again. (See Rule 3.) Levels shall be designated and inserted in notice hereinafter mentioned. (See Rule 5.) Sec. 2. For the purpose of enforcing and properly understanding the above code of signals, the following rules are hereby established : Rule 1 — In giving signals make strokes on bell at regular intervals. The bar ( — ) must take the same time as for one stroke of the bell, and no more. If timber, tools, the foreman, bucket or cage are wanted to stop at any level in the mine, signal by number of strokes on the bell, number of the level first before giving the signal for timber, tools, etc. Time between signals to be double bars ( ). Example: 6 5 would mean stop at sixth level with tools. 4 1 — 1 — 1 1, would mean to stop at fourth level, man on, hoist. 2 1 — 4 would mean stop at second level with foreman. Rule 2 — No person must get off or on the bucket or cage, while the same is in motion. When men are to be hoisted give the signal for men. Men must then get on bucket or cage, then give the signal to hoist. Bell cord must be in reach of man on the bucket or cage at stations. Rule 3 — After signal "Ready to shoot in shaft," engineer must give his signal when he is ready to hoist. Miners must then give the signal of "Men to be hoisted," then "spit fuse," get into the bucket, and give ihe signal to hoist. Rule 4 — All timbers, tools, etc, "longer than the depth of the bucket," to be hoisted or lowered, must be securely lashed at the upper end to the cable. Miners must know they will ride up or down the shaft without catching on rocks or timbers and be thrown out. Rule 5 — The foreman will see that one printed sheet of these signals and rules for each level and one for the engine-room are attached to a board not less than twelve inches wide by thirty-six inches long, and securely fasten the board up where signals can be easily read at the places above stated. Rule 6 — The above signals and rules must be obeyed. Any violation will be sufficient grounds for discharging the party or parties so doing. No person, company, corporation, or individual operating any mine within the State of California, shall be responsible for accidents that may happen to men disobeying the above rules and signals. Said notice and rules shall be signed by the person or superintendent hav- ing charge of the mine, who shall designate the name of the corporation or the owner of the mine. Sec. 3. Any person or company failing to carry out any of the provisions of this act shall be responsible for all damages arising to or incurred by any person working in said mine during the time of such failure. Sec. 4. This act shall take effect immediately. MINING LAW APPENDIX. 147 FEDERAL STATUTES. Title XXXII, Chapter 6, Revised Statutes. Sec. 2319. All valuable mineral deposits in lands belonging to the United States, both surveyed and unsurveyed, are hereby declared to be free and open to exploration and purchase, and the lands in which they are found to occupation and purchase, by citizens of the United States and those who hav^e declared their intention to become such, under regulations prescribed by law, and according to the local customs or rules of miners in the several mining districts, »o far as the same are applicable and not inconsistent with the laws of the United States. Sec. 2320. Mining claims upon veins or lodes of quartz or other rock in place bearing gold, silver, cinnabar, lead, tin, copper, or other valuable deposits, heretofore located, shall be governed as to length along the vein or lode by the customs, regula- tions, and laws in force at the date of their location. A mining claim located after the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, whether located by one or more persons, may equal, but shall not exceed, one thousand five hundred feet in length along the vein or lode ; but no location of a mining claim shall be made until the discovery of the vein or lode within the limits of the claim located. No claim shall extend more than three hundred feet on each side of the middle of the vein at the surface, nor shall any claim be limited by any mining regulation to less than twenty-five feet on each side of the middle of the vein at the surface, except where adverse rights existing on the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, render such limitation necessary. The end lines of each claim shall be parallel to each other. Sec. 2321. Proof of citizenship, under this chapter, may consist in the case of an individual, of his own aflfidavit thereof ; in the case of an association of persons unincorporated, of the afiidavit of their authorized agent, made on his own knowledge, or upon information and belief ; and in the case of a corporation organized under the laws of the United States, or of any state or territory thereof, by the filing of a cer- tified copy of their charter or certificate of incorporation. This is supplemented by an act of April 26, 1882, which provides: "That applicants for mineral patents, if residing beyond the limits of the district wherein the claim is situated, may make any oath or affidavit required for proof of citizenship before the clerk of any court of record, or before any notary public of any state or territory." (22 Stats, at Large, p. 49, chap. 106.) Sec. 2322. The locators of all mining locations heretofore made or which shall hereafter be made, on any mineral vein, lode, or ledge, situated on the public domain, their heirs and assigns, where no adverse claims exist on the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, so long as they comply with the laws of the United States, and with state, territorial and local regulations not in conflict with the laws of the United States governing their possessory title, shall have the exclusive right of possession and enjoyment of all the surface included within the lines of their loca- tions, and of all veins, lodes and ledges throughout their entire depth, the top or apex of which lies inside of such surface lines extended downward vertically, although such veins, lodes, or ledges may so far depart from a perpendicular in their course downward as to extend outside the vertical side lines of such surface locations. But their right of possession to such outside parts of such veins or ledges shall be confined to such portions thereof as lie between vertical planes drawn downward as above described through the end lines of their locations, so continued in their own direction that such planes will intersect such exterior parts of such veins or ledges. And nothing in this section shall authorize the locator or possessor of a vein, or lode which extends in its downward course beyond the vertical lines of his claim, to enter upon the surface of a claim owned or possessed by another. Sec. 2323. Where a tunnel is run for the development of a vein or lode, or for the discovery of mines, the owners of such tunnel shall have the right of possession of all veins or lodes within three thousand feet from the face of such tunnel on the line thereof, not previously known to exist, discovered in such tunnel, to the same 148 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. extent as if discovered from the surface and locations on the line of such tunnel of veins or lodes not appearing on the surface, made by other parties after the com- mencement of the tunnel, and while the same is being prosecuted with reasonable diligence, shall be invalid, but failure to prosecute the work on the tunnel for six months shall be considered as an abandonment of the right to all undiscovered veins on the line of such tunnel. Sex). 2324. The miners of each mining district may make regulations not in con- flict with the laws of the United States, or with the laws of the state or territory in which the district is situated, governing the location, manner of recording, amount of work necessary to hold possession of a mining claim, subject to the following requirements : The location must be distinctly marked on the ground so that its boundaries can be readily traced. All records of mining claims hereafter made shall contain the name or names of the locators, rhe date of the location, and such a description of the claim or claims located by reference to some natural object or permanent monument as will identify the claim. On each claim located after the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, and until a patent has been issued therefor, not less than one hundred dollars' worth of labor shall be performed or improvements made during each year. Be it enacted by the senate and house of representatives of the United States of America in congress assembled, that section two thousand, three hundred and twenty- four of the Revised Statutes be, and the same is hereby, amended so that where a person or company has or may run a tunnel for the purpose of developing a lode or lod-es, owned by said person or company, the money so expended in said tunnel shall be taken and considered as expended on said lode or lodes, whether located prior to or since the passage of said act ; and such person or company shall not be required to perform work on the surface of said lode or lodes in order to hold the same as required by said act. (18 Stats, at Large, page 315, chap. 41.) Annual Assessments. An amendment of January 22, 1880, reads : ^'Provided, that the period within which the v.ork required to be done annually on all unpatented mineral claims shall commence on the first day of January suc- ceeding the date of location of such claim, and this section shall apply to all claims located since the tenth day of May, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy- two." (21 Stats, at Large, page 61, chap. 9.) The federal law fixes the minimum of labor requirements. State and local laws may require additional work as part of the act of location. This has been sustained by Supreme Court decisions. Patents. Section 2325 of the federal statutes provides that after $500 has been expended on a mining claim in work or improvements, a patent may be applied for, upon the claim being surveyed by a United States mineral surveyor, and by the payment of $5 per acre for the land to the United States government. PLACERS. Sec. 2329. Claims usually called "placers" including all forms of deposit, except- ing veins of quartz, or other rock in place, shall be subject to entry and patent, under like circumstances and conditions, and upon similar proceedings, as are pro- vided for vein or lode claims ; but where the lands have been previously surveyed by the United States, the entry in its exterior limits shall conform to the legal subdivi- sions of public lands. Lindley on Mines, 3d ed., 1914, Sec. 420, pp. 987 et seq. says: "Among the substances, other than those of a metallic character, which have been classified as mineral, and when occurring in the form of deposits not in place, lands containing which have been held to be subject to appropriation under the placer laws, we note the following: Alum; asphaltum ; borax; diamonds; guano; gypsum; kaolin or china clay ; marble ; mica ; onyx ; soda, carbonate or nitrate ; slate for roofing pur- MINING LAW APPENDIX. 149 poses ; umber ; building stone. * * * Other substances require specific mention." I'nder these "other substances," are detailed: Petroleum; natural gas; brick and i>tlier classes of clay; phosphates; potash. In addition to the above named the lollowing have also "been held to be mineral by the United States Land Department ,111(1 the American courts: Amber; stone of special commercial value; cement (see u.vpsum) ; coal; gravel; limestone; salt; sand; sandstone (see building stone); sulphur." (id. Sec. 97, pp. 170 et seq.) [Act of August 4, 1892, eh. 375, 27 Stat. L. 348.] Entry of building stone lands under placer laws. Section 1. Any person authorized to enter lands under the mining laws of the United States may enter lands that are chiefly valuable for building stone under the provisions of the law in relation to placer mineral claims; provided, that lands reserved for the benefit of the public schools or donated to any state shall not be sub- ject to entry under this act. (27 Stat. L. 348.) [Act of January 31, 1901, eh. 186, 31 Stat. L. 745.] Entry of saline lands under placer laws. All unoccupied public lands of the United States containing salt springs, or deposits of salt in any form, and chiefly valuable therefor, are hereby declared to be subject to location and purchase under the provisions of the law relating to placer mining claims ; provided, that the same person shall not locate or enter more than one claim hereunder. (31 Stat. L. 745.) Sec. 2330. Legal subdivisions' of forty acres may be subdivided into ten-acre tracts, and two or more persons or associations of persons, having contiguous claims of any size, although such claims may be less than ten acres each, may make joint entry thereof ; but no location of a placer claim, made after the ninth day of July, eighteen hundred and seventy, shall exceed one hundred and sixty acres for any one person or association of persons, which location shall conform to the United States surveys ; and nothing in this section contained shall defeat or impair any bona fide preemption or homestead claim upon agricultural lands, or authorize the sale of the improvements of any bona fide settler to any purchaser. Sec. 2331. Where placer claims are upon surveyed lands, and conform to legal subdivisions, no further survey or plat shall be jequired, and all placer mining claims located after the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, shall conform as near as practicable with the United States system of public lands surveys, and the rectangular subdivisions of such surveys, and no such location shall include more than twenty acres for each individual claimant ; but where placer claims can not be conformed to legal subdivisions, survey and plat shall be made as on unsurveyed lands ; and where by the segregation of mineral land in any legal subdivision a quan- tity of agricultural land lesis than forty acres remains, such fractional portion ot agricultural land may be entered by any party qualified by law, for homestead or preemption purposes. Placer boundaries. Sec. 2333. Where the same person, association, or corporation is in possession of a placer claim, and also a vein or lode included within the boundaries thereof, application shall be made for a patent for the placer claim, with the statement that it includes such vein or lode, and in such case a patent shall issue for the placer claim, subject to the provisions of this chapter, including such vein or lode upon the payment of five dollars per acre for such vein or lode claim, and twenty-five feet of surface on each side thereof. The remainder of the placer claim, or any placer claim not embracing any vein or lode claim, shall be paid for at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per acre, together with all costs of proceedings ; and where a vein or li (le, such as is described in section twenty-three hundred and twenty, is known to exist within the boundaries of a placer claim, an application for a patent for such placer claim which does not include an application for the vein or lode claim shall be 150 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. construed as a conclusive declaration that the claimant of the placer claim has no right of possession of the vein or lode claim ; but where the existence of a vein or lode in a placer claim is not known, a patent for the placer claim shall convey all valuable mineral and other deposits within the boundaries thereof. OIL AND GAS CLAIMS. These are located as placer claims. See sections 2329 to 2333, U. S. statutes. An act authorizing entry of petroleum or othier mineral oil lands under placer claim laws. Any person authorized to enter lands under the mining laws of the United States may enter and obtain patents to lands containing petroleum or other mineral oils, and chiefly valuable therefor, under the provisions of the laws relating to placer mineral claims ; provided, that lands containing such petroleum or other mineral oils which have heretofore been filed upon, claimed, oi* improved as mineral, but not yet patented, may be held and patented under the provisions of this act the same as if such filing, claim or improvement were subsequent to the date of the passage hereof. (29 Stat. L. 526.) Approved Feb. 11, 1897. An act defining what shall constitute assessments on oil mining claims. [Act of February 12, 1903, oh. 548, 32 Stat. L. 825.] Where oil lands are located under the provisions of title thirty-two, chapter six, Revised Statutes of the United States, as placer mining claims, the annual assess- ment labor upon such claims may be done upon any one of a group of claims lying contiguous and owned by the same person or corporation, not exceeding five claims in all ; provided, that said labor will tend to the development or to determine the oil- bearing character of such contiguous claims. THE "PICKET BILL." An act to authorize the President of the United States to make withdrawals of public lands in certain cases. This provides also : Sec. 2. All lands withdrawn under the provisions of this act shall at all times be open to exploration, discovery, occupation, and purchase, under the mining laws of the United States, so far as the same apply to minerals other than coal, oil, gas, and phosphates. By the amendment of August 24, 1912, Congress limited the right of exploration,- etc., within the withdrawn areas, to those lands which may be found to contain metal- liferous mineral. The scope of withdrawal was thus broadened, with the specific intention of conserving potash in addition to those minerals already mentioned. (37 StatsL at Large.) However, any of these minerals may be filed upon if found in areas of the public domain not yet withdrawn. MINING CLAIMS IN FOREST RESERVES. The congressional act of June 4, 1897, provides : "It is not the purpose or intent of these provisions, or of the act providing for such reservations, to authorize the inclusion therein of lands more valuable for the mineral therein, or for agricultural purposes, than for forest purposes." « « * "Nor shall anything herein prohibit any person from entering upon such forest reservations for all proper and lawful purposes, including that of prospecting, locat- ing and developing the mineral resources thereof ; provided, that such persons comply with the rules and regulations covering such forest reservations." MINING LAW APPENDIX. 151 *And any mineral lands in any forest reservation which have been or may be j>wn to be such and subject to entry under the existing mining laws of the United lies and the rules and regulations applying thi^reto, shall continue to be subject to jh location and entry notwithstanding any provisions herein contained." .Under these statutes it is now held by the land department that the forest reserves open to the location of raining claims. There can be no doubt of the meaning )ngress upon this subject : That lands within the forest reserves are subject to operation of the mining laws. CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. An act to create the California Debris Commission and regulate hydraulic mining In the State of California. Be if enacted by the senate and hoiise of representatives of the United States of America in congress assembled. That a commission is hereby created, to be known as the California Debris Commission, consisting of three members. The president of tho United States shall by and with the advice and consent of the senate, appoint tlio commission from officers of the corps of engineers, United States army. Vacan- -^ occurring therein shall be filled in like manner. It shall have the authority, and .. rcise the powers hereinafter set forth, under the supervision of the chief of lUi^ineers and direction of the secretary of war. Sec. 2. That said commission shall organize within thirty days after its appoint- ment by the selection of such officers as may he required in the performance of its duties, the same to be selected from the members thereof. The members of said com- mission shall receive no greater compensation than is now allowed by law to each, respectively, as an officer of said corps of engineers. It shall also adopt rules and regulations, not inconsistent with law, to govern its deliberations and prescribe the method of procedure under the provisions of this act. Sec. 3. That the jurisdiction of said commission, in so far as the same affects mining carried on by the hydraulic process shall extend to all such mining in the territory drained by the Sacramento and San Joaquin river systems in the State of California. Hydraulic mining, as defined in section eight hereof, directly or indirectly injuring the navigability of said river systems, carried on in said territory other than as permitted under the provisions of this act is hereby prohibited and declared un- lawful. Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of said commission to mature and adopt such plan or plans, from examinations and surveys already made and from such additional examinations and surveys as it may deem necessary, as will improve the navigability of all the rivers comprising said systems, deepen their channels, and protect their banks. Such plan or plans shall be matured with a view of making the same effective as against the encroachment of and damage from debris resulting from mining opera- tions, natural erosion, or other causes, with a view of restoring, as near as practicable and the necessities of commerce and navigation demand, the navigability of said rivers to the condition existing in eighteen hundred and sixty, and permitting mining by the hydraulic process, as the term is understood in said state, to be carried on, provided the same can be accomplished without injury to the navigability of said rivers or the lands adjacent thereto. Sec. 5. That it shall further examine, survey, and determine the utility and practicability, for the purposes hereinafter indicated, of storage sites in the tributaries of said rivers and in the respective branches of said tributaries, or in the plains, basins, sloughs, and tule and swamp lands adjacent to or along the course of said rivers, for the storage of debris or water or as settling reservoirs, with the object of using the same by either or all of these methods to aid in the improvement and protection of said navigable rivers by preventing deposits therein of debris resulting from mining operations, natural erosion, or other causes, or for affording relief thereto in flood time and providing sufficient water to maintain scouring force therein in the summer season ; and in connection therewith to investigate such hydraulic and other mines as are now or may have been worked by methods intended to restrain 152 MINERAL INDUSTRY OP CALIFORNIA. the debris and material moved in operating such mines by impounding dams, settling reservoirs, or otherwise, and in general to make such study of and researches in the hydraulic mining industry as science, experience and engineering skill may suggest as practicable and useful in devising a method or methods whereby such mining may be carried on as aforesaid. Sec. 6. That the said commission shall from time to time note the conditions of the navigable channels of said river systems, by cross-section surveys or otherwise, in order to ascertain the effect therein of such hydraulic mining operations as may be permitted by its orders and such as is caused by erosion, natural or otherwise. Sec. 7. That said commission shall submit to the chief of engineers for the in- formation of the secretary of war, on or before the fifteenth day of November of each year a report of its labors and transactions, with plans for the construction, com- pletion, and preservation of the public works outlined in this act, together with estimates of the cost thereof, stating what amounts can be profitably expended thereon each year. The secretary of war shall thereupon submit same to congress on or before the meeting thereof. Sec. 8. That for the pui-pose of this act "hydraulic mining" and "mining by the hydraulic process," are hereby declared to have the meaning and application given to said terms in said state. Sec. 9. That the individual proprietor or proprietors, or in case of a corporation its manager or agent appointed for that purpose, owning mining ground in the terri- tory in the State of California mentioned in section three hereof, which it is desired to work by the hydraulic process, must file with said commission a verified petition, setting forth such facts as will comply with law and the rules prescribed by said commission. Sec. 10. That said petition shall be accompanied by an instrument duly executed and acknowledged, as required by the law of the said state, whereby the owner or owners of such mine or mines surrender to the United States the right and privilege to regulate by law, as provided in this act, or any law that may hereafter be enacted, or by such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by virtue thereof the manner and method in which the debris resulting from the working of said mine or mines shall be restrained, and what amount shall be produced therefrom ; it being under- stood that the surrender aforesaid shall not be construed as in any way affecting the right of such owner or owners to operate said mine or mines by any other process or method now in use in said state ; provided, that they shall not interfere with the navigability of the aforesaid rivers-. Sec. 11. That the owners of several mining claims situated so as to require a common dumping ground or dam or other restraining works for the debris issuing therefrom in one or more sites may file a joint petition setting forth such facts in addition to the requirements of section nine hereof; and where the owner of a hydraulic mine or owners of several such mines have and use common dumping sites for impounding debris or as settling reservoirs which sites are located below the mine of an applicant not entitled to use same, such fact shall also be stated' in said petition. Thereupon the same proceedings shall be had as provided for herein. Sec. 12. A notice specifying briefly the contents of said petition and fixing a time previous to which all proofs are to be submitted shall be published by said com- mission in some newspaper or newspapers of general circulation in the communities interested in the matter set forth therein. If published in a daily paper such publi- cation shall continue for at least ten days ; if in a weekly paper in at least three issues of the same. Pending publication thereof said commission, or a committee thereof, shall examine the mine and premises described in such petition. On or before the time so fixed all parties interested, either as petitioners or contestants, whether miners or agriculturists, may file affidavits, plans, and maps in support of their respective claims. Further hearings, upon notice to all parties of record, may be granted by the commission when necessary. Sec. 13. That in case a majority of the members of said commission, within thirty days after the time so fixed, concur in a decision in favor of the petitioner or petitioners, the said commission shall thereupon make an order directing the meth meet the requirements of the said order and said approved plans and specifications, Bermission shall thereupon be granted to the owner or owners of such mine or mines mo commence mining operations, subject to the conditions of said order and the pro- |visions of this act. ^ Sec. 15. That no permission granted to a mine owner or owners under this act hall take effect, so far as regards the working of a mine, until all impounding dams r other restraining works, if any are prescribed by the order granting such per- lission, have been completed and until the impounding dams or other restraining iwrorks or settling reservoirs provided by said commission have reached such a stage as iiin the opinion of said commission, it is safe to use the same ; provided, however, that ;^ said commission shall be of the opinion that the restraining and other works already ^constructed at the mine or mines shall be sufficient to protect the navigable rivers if said systems and the work of said commission, then the owner or owners of such line or mines may be permitted to commence operations. Sec. 16. That in case the joint petition referred to in section eleven hereof is ranted, the commission shall fix the respective amounts to be paid by each owner f such mines toward providing and building necessary impounding dams or other istraining works. In the event of a petition being filed after the entry of such rder, or in case the impounding dam or dams or other restraining works have already en constructed and accepted by said commission, the commission shall fix such ount as may be reasonable for the privilege of dumping therein, which amount hall be divided between the original owners of such impounding dams or other training works in proportion to the amount respectively paid by each party own- ng same. The expense of maintaining and protecting such joint dam or works shall be divided among mine owners using the same in such proportion as the commission shall determine. In all cases where it is practicable, restraining and impounding works are to be provided, constructed and maintained by mine owners near or below the mine or mines before reaching the main tributaries of said navigable waters. Sec. 17. That at no time shall any more debris be permitted to be washed away from any hydraulic mine or mines situated on the tributaries of said rivers and the respective branches of each, worked under the ri'ovisions of this act, than can be impounded within the restraining works erected. Sec. 18. That the said commission may at any time when the condition of the navigable rivers or when the capacities of all impounding and settling facilities erected by mine owners or such as may be provided by government authority require same, modify the order granting the privilege to mine by the hydraulic mining process so as to reduce amount thereof to meet the capacities of the facilities then in use, or, if actually required in order to protect the navigable rivers from damage, may revoke same until the further notice "of the commission. Sec. 19. That an intentional violation on the part of a mine owner or owners, company, or corporation, or the agents or the employees of either, of the conditions of the order granted pursuant to section thirteen, or such modifications thereof as may have been made by said commission, shall work a forfeiture of the privileges 11—18655 m 154 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. 1 thereby conferred, and upon notice being served by the order of said commission upon such owner or owners, company or corporation, or agent in charge, work shall immediately cease. Said commission shall take necessary steps to enforce its orders in case of the failure, neglect, or refusal of such owner or owners, company or corpor- ation, or agents thereof, to comply therewith, or in the event of any person or per- sons, company or corporation working by said process in said territory contrary to law. Sec. 20. That said commission, or committee therefrom or officer of said crops assigned to duty under its orders, shall, whenever deemed necessary, visit said terri-, tory and all mines operating under the provisions of this act. A report of such examination shall be placed on file. Sec. 21. That the said commission is hereby granted the right to use any of the public lands of the United States, or any rock, stone, timber, trees, brush, or material thereon or therein, for any of the purposes of this act ; and the secretary of the interior is hereby authorized and requested, after notice has been filed with the com- missioner of the general land office by said commission, setting forth what public, lands are required by it under the authority of this section, that such land or lands i' shall be withdrawn from sale and entry under the laws of the United States. ^" Sec. 22. That any person or persons who wilfully or maliciously injure, damage, or destroy, or attempt to injure, damage or destroy, any dam or other work erected under the provisions of this act for restraining, impounding, or settling purposes, or for use in connection therewith, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon con- viction thereof shall be fined not to exceed the sum of five thousand dollars or be imprisoned not to exceed five years, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court. And any person or persons, company or corporation, their agents or employees, who shall mine by the hydraulic process directly or indirectly injuring the navigable waters of the United States, in violation of the provisions of this act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceed- ing one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court ; provided, that this section shall take effect on the first day of May, eighteen hundred and ninety-three. Sec. 23. That upon the construction by the said commission of dams or other works for the detention of debris from hydraulic mines and the issuing of the order provided for by this act to any individual, company, or corporation to work any mine or mines by hydraulic process, the individual, company, or corporation oper- ating thereunder working any mine or mines by hydraulic process, the debris from which flows into or is in whole or in part restrained by such dams or other works erected by said commission, shall pay a tax of three per centum on the gross proceeds of his, their, or its mine so worked ; which tax of three per centum shall be ascer- tained and paid in accordance with regulations to be adopted by the secretary of the treasury, and the treasurer of the United States is hereby authorized to receive- the same. All sums of money paid into the treasury under this section shall bo set apart and credited to a fund to be known as the "Debris Fund," and shall be expended by said commission under the supervision of the chief of engineers and direction of the secretary of war, in addition to the appropriations made by law in the construction and maintenance of such restraining works and settling reservoirs as may be proper and necessary ; provided, that said commission is hereby authorized to receive and pay into the treasury from the owner or owners of mines worked by the hydraulic process, to whom permission may have been granted so to work under the provisions thereof, such money advances as may be offered to aid in Hi construction of such impounding dams or other restraining works, or settling resoi- voirs, or sites therefor, as may be deemed necessary by said commission to protect, the navigable channels of said river systems, on condition that all moneys so advanced shall be refunded as the said tax is paid into the said debris fund; and provided, further, that in no event shall the government of the United States be held liable to refund same except as directed by this section. MINING LAW APPENDIX. 155 Sec. 24. That for the purpose of securing harmony of action and economy of expenditures in the work to be done by the United States and the State of California, respectively, the former in its plans for the improvement and protection of the navigable streams and to prevent the depositing of mining debris or other materials within the same, and the latter in its plans authorized by law for the reclamation, drainage, and protection of its lands, or relating to the working of hydraulic mines, the said commission is empowered to consult thereon with a commission of engineers of said state, if authorized by said state for said purpose, the result of such confer- ence to be reported to the chief of engineers of the United States army, and if by him approved' shall be followed by said commission. Sec. 25. That said commission, in order that such material as is now or may hereafter be lodged in the tributaries of the Sacramento and San Joaquin river systems resulting from mining operations, natural erosion, or other causes, shall be prevented from injuring the said navigable rivers or such of the tributaries of either as may be navigable and the land adjacent thereto, is hereby directed and empowered, when appropriations are made therefor by law, or suflScient money is deposited for that purpose in said debris fund, to build at such points above the head of navigation in said rivers and on the main tributaries thereof, or branches of such tributaries, or at any place adjacent to the same, which in the judgment of said commission will effect said object (the same to be of such material as will insure safety and l)ermanency), such restraining or impounding dams and settling reservoirs, with such canals, locks, or other works adapted and required to complete same. The locommendations contained in executive document numbered two hundred and sixty- ven, fifty-first congress, second session, and executive document numbered ninety- iiiht, forty-seventh congress, first session, as far as they refer to impounding dams, or other restraining works are hereby adopted, and the same are directed to be made the basis of operations. The sum of fifteen thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, from moneys in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be immediately available to defray the expenses of said commission. Approved March 1, 1893. INSTRUCTIONS TO OWNERS AND OPERATORS OF HYDRAULIC MINES IN CALIFORNIA. January 1, 19(X>. 1. The California Debris Commission is composed of three officers of the corps of engineers. United States army, who are appointed by the president of the United States, with the advice and consent of the senate, under the authority of the act of congress, approved March 1, 1893. The commission is charged by this act with the enforcement of its provisions, including such regulation and control of hydraulic mining in the drainage areas of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers of the State of California as is necessary to cause the tailings from such mining to be so impounded in the vicinity of the mine as to prevent injury to the navigable rivers and adjacent lands. The owners and operators of such mines are required by this law to comply strictly with such requirements of the commission as may be deemed necessary to effect this purpose. An extreme penalty of $5,000 fine and one year's imprisonment is provided for violation of the act. 2. Hydraulic mining embraces all mining operations where water is used under pressure through a nozzle against any bank of earth, gravel, or other similar material, thus eroding the bank. It is forbidden by law except under the supervision of the commission. 3. The law requires that in all cases a license or written permission must be obtained from the commission before hydraulic mining in the regions mentioned can be legally carried on. 4. Licenses or permission to mine by the hydraulic process are revocable by the commission, and will not be given unless the requirements of the commission are complied with as to sufficiency of suitable restraining barriers or dams. Licenses, 156 ' MINER AT. INDUSTRY OP CALIFORNIA. when granted, will be suspended or revoked for failure to properly maintain such barriers or dams or for failure to make the reports and furnish information asked for by the commission. 5. Licenses are obtained by making application to the California Debris Com- mission, San Francisco, Cal., on the special blank form issued by the commission, copies of which will be sent on request, free of cost. 6. Licenses are not transferable and are valid only for the operations of the individual or company, and for the special mine named in the license. 7. By the terms of the law an application for a license must be advertised by the commission in the newspapers to allow any protests to be filed with the com- mission. This advertising usually takes about three weeks. 8. As soon as practicable after advertising an application, the sites proposed by the applicants for the restraining works are visited, and if found satisfactory, authority to construct the dams or barriers is given with the commission's specifi- cations and instructions for the work. Any dam built before such authorization is built wholly at the builder's risk, and may not be accepted by the commission. Any variation in location or character of work from that specified by the commission may also cause rejection of the dam. 9. When such authorized dams are completed, the commission should be promptly notified so that an inspection may be made as soon as practicable thereafter. If found satisfactory, a revocable license to mine will be issued. Until the license is issued it is illegal to mine. 10. When mining has been begun under a license, a report every month must be submitted on one of the blank forms furnished for this purpose by the commission upon request. If no mining is carried on for any month, the small form is to be used, otherwise, the large form must be forwarded. All blank spaces should be carefully and accurately filled. 11. In case of any accident to a restraining dam affecting its efficiency, mining must immediately cease and the commission must be promptly notified. 12. When a dam becomes full of debris, mining must cease until more impounding capacity is provided either by raising the dam or by the construction of new dams. The permission of the commission must be obtained to raise dams, and the work when completed must be inspected and approved by the commission before mining may be resumed. 13. Dams must be kept water tight and a pool at least three feet deep must hr maintained as a settling basin above each dam while mining is in progress. Leaks must be promptly checked. 14. Names of mines must not be changed without due notice to the commission. 15. No charges or fees of any kind are required or allowed, all expenses of inspection being borne by the United States. 16. The mine owners are usually expected to meet the inspector at the uean >; railway or stage station and take him to the mine and back. As many regions wIum f mines are located are inaccessible in winter time, applications for licenses and inspcc tions should be submitted as early in the season as practicable. Delay in attending to this promptly may occasion the loss of considerable time if not an entire season. 17. To avoid delay due to loss of letters it is suggested that requests be repeated within a reasonable time, if not promptly acknowledged or acted upon. All com- munications should be addressed to the secretary, California Debris Commission, Siui Francisco, Cal. By direction of the California Debris Commission. L. II. RAND, Major, Corps of Engineers, Secretary. MINING LAW APPENDIX. 157 FORMS FOR LOCATION NOTICES. The following forms for mineral location notices have been found to fill the require- ments of the statutes' : NOTICE OF QUARTZ LODE LOCATION. Notice is hereby given, That I, , a citizen of the United States, have discovered a vein of reck in place, carrying gold, silver, copper, and other valuable deposits, upon which I have erected a discovery monu- ment and posted this notice, as hereinafter set forth ; that in accordance with the provision of Chapter 6, Title 32 of the Revised Statutes of the United States and the laws of the State of California, I hereby claim fifteen hundred' linear feet of said vein, measured thereon as hereinafter set forth. Said discovery was made on the day of , 19 Immediately upon making the same, and on the day of , 19 , I erected at the point of discovery, a substantial monument, consisting of a mound of rocks and and posted thereon this notice. The * general course of said vein is and I claim in length thereon feet and feet from said discovery monument. I also claim three hundred feet on each side of the center of the vein. This vein or claim shall be known as and called the It is situated in Mining District, and in t Sec. , Tp. , R. , B. and M., in County, California, and the discovery monument being placed about § from That the following is a description of said location as marked on the ground : $ ommencing at the of said claim, a from which initial point the discovery monument is dis- ant about feet in a direction; thence 1| Dated and posted on the ground, this day of , 19 Witness _ Locator. ♦Make this description in accordance with the facts, as "The general course of ^ lid vein is north and south. I claim in length thereon 500 feet north and 1,000 feet -.•uth from said discovery monument." tif the claim is upon surveyed land, give the section, township and range, if pos- sible. This is not required by law, but makes a much better description. §Here refer to some natural object or permanent monument so as to identify the locality of the claim, in compliance with section 2324, Revised Statutes U. S. A road, house, tree, known mountain or peak, government corner, mill, or known mining claim, are such objects or monuments. As, "About one mile directly east from John Doe's quartz mill and 400 rods west from the Last Hope mine," etc. JHere state: "Commencing at the N. E. corner of said claim, a mound of rocks 4 ft. high," or at any other corner or point in the boundary; give the distance and direction from this initial monument to the discovery monument, and then locate the discovery with reference to some natural object or permanent monument. IIHere follows a description of the claim from the initial monument. For instance: "Thence 600 ft. northwesterly to the N. W. corner of said claim, at which point is a mound of rocks 2J ft. high, marked so-and-so (if marked) ; thence 1,500 ft. south- westerly to the S. W. corner of said claim, being a mound of rocks," etc.; so going around the claim to the point of beginning. 'Wilson's Mining Laws, 1911, pp. 60-6^ 158 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. NOTICE OF LOCATION OF PLACER CLAIM. Notice is herehy given, That citizen of the United States, h this day of , 19 , discovered a valuable placer deposit within the limits of this claim ; that by virtue of said discovery, ha located, and hereby locate and claim the following described land, situate in Mining District, County, California, to wit : * of section Township , Range , B. and M., containing acres.t Said claim is hereby named Placer Claim. Said claim is marked upon the ground as follows : % This notice is posted on a mound of rocks at the point of discovery, situated § Dated and posted on the ground, this day of , 19 Locator. •The statute provides that the locator must give "a description of the claim by reference to legal subdivisions of sections, if the location is made in conformity with the public surveys; otherwise a description with reference to some natural object or permanent monument as will identify the claim." tWhen not described by legal subdivisions, the description should conform to that contained in the final certificate of location of a lode claim. tThe statute provides that, whether described by legal subdivisions or not, the location shall be marked by the locator on the ground, and as the affidavit to be filed later is not required to contain a description of the claim, we think this notice should state how the location is marked ; as, for instance, "At the N. E. corner of said tract a mound of rocks 3 ft. high, marked so-and-so (if marked), and at the N. W. corner a stake in a mound of rocks, marked," etc., and so on for each monument enclosing the claim. §Here state where the discovery is located, as, for instance, "20 feet S. W. of the N. E. corner monument." A duplicate of this notice must be filed for record with the county recorder within thirty days from the discovery; and the locator is allowed thirty days to mark his location on the ground. The foregoing form of placer notice may be used for location of all deposits which are classed under placer laws. 1 MINING LAW APPENDIX. 159 APPENDIX. PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. Publications of this Bureau will be sent on receipt of the requisite amount. Only imps, coin or money orders will be accepted in payment. Money orders should be made payable to the State Mining Bureau. Personal checks icill not be accepted. W REPORTS. Asterisk (*) indicates the publication is out of print. eport I. Henry G. Hanks. 1880. Report II. Henry G. Hanks. 1882. Report HI. Henry G. Hanks. 1883. Report IV. Henry G. Hanks. 1884. ♦Report V. Henry G. Hanks. 1885. •Report VI. Part 1. Henry G. Hanks. 1886. ♦Report VI. Part 2. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1886. ♦Report VII. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1887. ♦Report VIII. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1888. ♦Report IX. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1889. ♦Report X. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1890. Price. Report XL Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1892. (First biennial) $1.00 * Report XII. J. J. Crawford. 1894. (Second biennial) Report XIII. J. J. Crawford. 1896. (Third biennial) ' 'liapters of State Mineralogist's Report, F. McN. Hamilton: Mines and Mineral Resources of Imperial and San Diego counties — F. J. H. Merrill. 1914 .35 BULLETINS. ♦Bulletin 1. Desiccated Human Remains. — Winslow Anderson. 1888 ♦Bulletin 2. Methods of Mine Timbering. — W. H. Storms. 1894 ♦Bulletin 3. Gas and Petroleum Yielding Formations of the Central Valley of California.— W. L. Watts. 1894___ ♦Bulletin 4. Catalogue of California Fossils (Parts 2, 3, 4 and 5). — J. G. Cooper. 1894 ^Bulletin 5. The Cyanide Process: Its Practical Application and Economical Results. — A. Scheidel. 1894 Bulletin 6. California Gold Mill Practices. — E. B. Preston. 1895 $.50 ♦Bulletin 7. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1894. — Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) ♦Bulletin 8. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1895. — Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 9. Mine Drainage, Pumps, etc. — Hans C. Behr. 1896 .60 ♦Bulletin 10. A Bibliography Relating to the Geology, Palaeontology, and Mineral Resources of California. — A. W. Vogdes. 1896 •Bulletin 11. Oil and Gas Yielding Formations of Los Angeles, Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties. — W. L. Watts. 1896 ♦Bulletin 12. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1896. — Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) ♦Bulletin 13. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1897. — Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) ♦Bulletin 14. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1898. — Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) "Bulletin 15. Map of Oil City Oil Fields, Fresno County. — J. H. Means ♦Bulletin 16. The Genesis of Petroleum and Asphaltum in California. — A. S. Cooper. 1899 ♦Bulletin 17. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1899. — Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) ♦Bulletin 18. The Mother Lode Region of California. — W. H. Storms. 1900 ♦Bulletin 19. Oil and Gas Yielding Formations of California. — W. L. Watts. 1900 ♦Bulletin 20. Synopsis of General Report of State Mining Bureau. — W. L. Watts. 1903 ♦Bulletin 21. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1900. — Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) ♦Bulletin 12. Mineral Production of California for Fourteen Years. — Chas. G. Yale. 1900. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin. Reconnaissance of the Colorado Desert Mining District — Stephen Bowers. 1901 Bulletin 23. The Copper Resources of California. — P. C. DuBois, F. M. Ander- son. J. H. Tibbits, and G. A. Tweedy. 1902 .50 Bulletin 24. The Saline Deposits of California. — G. E. Bailey. 1902 ulletin 25. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1901. — Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 160 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU— Continued. Asterisk (*) indicates the publication is out of print. Price. * Bulletin 26. Mineral Production of California for Fifteen Years. — Chas, G. Yale. 1901. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 27. The Quicksilver Resources of California. — Wm, Forstner. 1903 .75 U *Bulletin28. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1902. — Chas G. I Yale. (Tabulated sheet) l| ♦Bulletin 29. Mineral Production of California for Sixteen Years. — Chas. G. S Yale. 1902. (Tabulated sheet) ■ ♦Bulletin 30. A Bibliography of Geology. Palaeontology, and Mineral Resources m of California. — A. W. Vogdes. 1903 *"■■ Bulletin 31. Chemical Analyses of California Petroleum. — H. N. Cooper. 1903. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 32. Production and Use of Petroleum in California. — P. W. Prutzman. 1904 .25 ♦Bulletin 33. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1903. — Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) ♦Bulletin 34. Mineral Production of California for Seventeen Years. — Chas. G. Yale. 1903. (Tabulated sheet) — ♦Bulletin 35. Mines and Minerals of California for 1903. — Chas G. Yale. 1904. (Statistical) ♦Bulletin 36. Gold Dredging in California. — J. E. Doolittle. 1905 Bulletin 37. Gems, Jewelers' Materials, and Ornamental Stones of California. — George F. Kunz. 1905 : First edition (without colored plates) .25 ♦Second edition (with colored plates) ♦Bulletin 38. The Structural and Industrial Materials of California. — Wm. Forstner, T. C. Hopkins, C. Naramore, L. H. Eddy. 1906 ♦Bulletin 39. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1904. — Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) ♦Bulletin 40. Mineral Production of California for Eighteen Years. — Chas. G. Yale. 1904. (Tabulated sheet) | ♦Bulletin 41. Mines and Minerals of California for 1904. — Chas. G. Yale. (Statistical) ♦Bulletin 42. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1905. — Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) ♦Bulletin 43. Mineral Production of California for Nineteen Years. — Chas. G. ' Yale. 1905. (Tabulated sheet) ♦Bulletin 44, Mines and Minerals of California for 1905. — Chas. G. Yale. | (Statistical) I ♦Bulletin 45. Auriferous Black Sands of California. — J. A. Edman. 1907 1 Bulletin 46. General Index to Publications of the State Mining Bureau. — Com- I piled by Chas. G. Yale. 1907 .30 » ♦Bulletin 47. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1906. — Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) ♦Bulletin 48. Mineral Production of California for Twenty Years. — Chas. G. Yale. 1906. (Tabulated sheet) ♦Bulletin 49. Mines and Minerals of California for 1906. — Chas. G. Yale. (Statistical) Bulletin 50. The Copper Resources of California. — A. Hausmann, J. Krutt- schnitt, Jr., W. E. Thome. J. A. Edman. 1908 1.00 ♦Bulletin 51. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1907. — D. H. Walker, Statistician. (Tabulated sheet) ♦Bulletin 52. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-one Years. — D. H. Walker. Statistician. 1907. CTabulated sheet) ♦Bulletin 53. Mineral Productions of California for 1907, with County Maps. — D. H. Walker, Statistician. 1908 (Statistical) , ♦Bulletin 54. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1908. — D. H. ^^ Walker, Statistician. (Tabulated sheet) — ^^H ♦Bulletin 55. Mineral Production of Cali<'ornia for Twenty-two Years. — D. H. ^^H Walker, Statistician. 1908. (Tabulated sheet) — ^H ♦Bulletin 56. Mineral Productions for 1908, Countv Maps, and Mining Laws :^H of California. — D. H. Walker. 1909. (Statistical) ^M Bulletin 57. Gold Dredging in California. — W. B. Winston, Charles Janin. ^ ^„^ 1910. (paper) 1-50 (cloth bound) --- 2.00 ♦Bulletin 58. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1909. — D. H. Walker. Statistician. (Tabulated sheet) .=.— .rv" ♦Bulletin 59. Mineral Production of California for Twenty- three Years. — D. H. Walker. Statistician. 1909. (Tabulated sheet) ♦Bulletin 60. Mineral Production for 1909, County Maps, and Mining Laws of California.— D. H. Walker. 1910. (Statistical) -- ♦Bulletin 61. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, for 1910. — D. H. i Walker. Statistician. (Tabulated sheet) ^—^^ "M Bulletin 62. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-four Years.— D. H. M Walker, Statistician. 1910. (Tabulated sheet) — ==f Bulletin 63. Petroleum In Southern California.— P. W. Prutzman 1918--— .76 . Bulletin 64. Mineral Production for 1911.— E. S. Boallch, Statistician. 1912— Bulletin 65. Mineral Production for 1912. — E. S. Boalich, Statistician, 1913— •Bulletin 66. Mining Laws. United States and California. 1914 — -- Bulletin 67. Minerals of California.— A. S. Eakle. 1914_-_ — 1.00 Bulletin 68. Mineral Production for 1913.- E. S. Boalich. 1914— _——_--— - Bulletin 69. Petroleum Industry of California, with Folio of Maps (18x22 In.) — R. P. McLaughlin and C. A. Waring. 1914— 2.00 Bulletin 70. Mineral Production for 1914, with Mining Law Appendix. 1915 APPENDIX. 161 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU— Continued, Asterisk (*) indicates the publication is out of print. REGISTERS OF MINES WITH MAPS. Price. Amador County $.25 Butte County .25 •Calaveras County *E1 Dorado County ♦Inyo County ♦Kern County Lake County .25 Mariposa County .25 ♦Nevada County ♦Placer County ♦Plumas County ♦San Bernardino County ♦San Diego County _ Santa Barbara County .25 ♦Shasta County ♦Sierra County ♦Siskiyou County ♦Trinity County ♦Tuolumne County Yuba County .25 Register of Oil Wells (with map), Los Angeles City .35 OTHER MAPS. California, Showing Mineral Deposits (50x60 ins.) — Mounted $1.50 Unmounted .30 Forest Reserves in California — Mounted .50 Unmounted .30 Mineral and Relief Map of California .25 El Dorado County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 Madera County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 Placer County. Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 Shasta County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 Sierra County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 Siskiyou County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 Trinity County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .45 Tuolumne County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 ♦Mother Lode Region Desert Region of Southern California : .10 Minaret District, Madera County .20 Copper Deposits in California .05 Calaveras County .25 Plumas County .25 Tuolumne County .25 DETERMINATION OF MINERAL SAMPLES. Samples (limited to three at one time) of any mineral found in the State may be sent to the Bureau for identification, and the same will be classified free of charge. No samples will be determined if received from points outside the State. It must be understood that no Assays, or Quantitative Determinations will be made. Samples should be in lump form if possible, and marked plainly with name of sender on out- side of package, etc. No samples will be received unless delivery charges are prepaid. A letter should accompany sample, giving locality where mineral was found and the nature of the information desired. 162 MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA. The following county maps show all towns, postoffices, railroads and stage lines and distances between points. They are especially valuable to all who wish to leave the railroad and penetrate to the interior of the mining districts of the State. These maps must not be reproduced without obtaining permission from the Mining Bureau. \' \ /^ RELIEF MAP OF CALIFORNl ,^ Issued Dy the CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUR FLETCHER HAMILTON Statei Mineralogist o llJ o c^ ^^ 163 SIERRA 164 MODOC *0 /?y4//./?O^DS I I O ST/fG£ Z/AfSS I 1C6 f > r I zMr ^ TT 167 Z^4r 168 169 170 171 172 173 ,-.^''''1 .-L.^ \ \ ft: *) o 175 ^^H-y's/i, ^^^^^ /e*7^^/7/^//» ^X"* bCt/'. I'/zyArm ■\LjMsina r' -J v^ l^tvrfi^>s/e \ /HfC^/rZ/k X I J\A ffjrO' h^. >r*v V> ^u/r^.'^^0^ ^s^uns Se ^, a PA ANA --. /in > N G EC^ Mysore/ -$• D I « (f -4^ K> RAUMfOADS -O SrMO^ i./AfSS TJieo.JBtn^e J)f' M q: CD (/) d n 3 o N V / ^A \ o JSl 182 INDEX. Page lameda County 82 Map of 172 Sine County 82 [ap of 176 lador County 82 Map of 171 Annual assessments 128, 130, 14S ''Antimony ." 21 Total production 21 Appendix ^ 116 Asbestos 57 Total production 59 Uses and characteristics 57, 58 Asphalt 36 Assessments, annual 128, 130, 148 Barytes 59 Bauxite 60 Bituminous rock 36 Total production 37 Borax 77 Production, 1887-1914 78 Brick 37 Chemical analysis of common brick clays 38 . Production of various kinds 39 Total production, 1893-1914 40 Building stone. {See Granite, Mir- ble Sandstone, etc) Law regarding use of California materials in public buildings 139 Bulletins, list of 159 Butte County 83 Map of 168 Calaveras County 84 Map of 171 California Debris Commission 151 California materials in public build- ings 139 California Mine Bell Signals 145, 146 California Statutes 127-146 Cement .- 40 Total production 41 Chrome 41 Total production 42 Clay 60 Production 1887-1914 61 Coal 11 Colusa County 84 ,Map of 167 Contra Costa County 85 Map of 172 Copper _ 21 Production. 1887-1914 22 Corporation license tax law 132 Counties, mineral production of 10, 81 Crushed rock 54 Curbing 52 Department of Petroleum and Gas 116 Del Norte County 85 Map of 163 Determination of mineral samples 161 Diatomaceous earth (see Infusorial). El Dorado County 86 Map of 169 Eminent domain, right of 138 Extraction of minerals from water 140 Federal statutes 147-150 Feldspar 61 Total production 62 Fencing abandoned shafts 145 Forest reserves, mining claims in 150 Forms for location notices 157, 158 Fresno County 86 Map of 174 Fuels 11 Fuller's Earth 62 Total production 63 Gas (see Natural Gas). Gems 63 Total production 64 Glass sand 74 Glenn County 87 Map of 167 Page Gold 23, 33, 34 Percentage yield of, by lodes and placers 34 Total production 24, 25 Granite 52 Grapliite _ 64 Gravel .• 53 Gypsum 65 Total production 66 Hours of employment 144 Humboldt County 87 Map of 166 Hydrocarbons 11 Hydraulic mining ,143, 151, 156 Imperial County 88 Map of 182 Industrial materials 56 Infusorial earth 66 Total production 67 Instructions to owners and operators of hydraulic mines in California 155 Inyo County 89 Map of 176 Iron ore 25 Total production 26 Kern County 89 Map of 175 Kings County 90 Map of 175 Lake County 90 Map of 167 Lands uncovered by recession of water 140 Larceny of gold dust and amalgam. 143 Lassen County 91 Map of 164 Lead 26 Production, 1887-1914 27 Lime 42 Limestone 67 Total value lime and limestone, 1887-1914 68 Lithia 70 Location of mining claims, etc 127-130, 147-150 Location notices 157, 158 Los Angeles Countv 91 Map of 180 Macadam 54 Madera County 92 Map of 174 Magnesite 43 Formulas for cement of 45 Mines operating, 1914 43 Production bv counties 47 Production, 1887-1914 47 Uses of 43-45 Values of 4f; Manganese 68 Total production 69 ATaps. list of, of various counties 161 Marble 47, 48 Marin County 92 Map of 170 Mariposa County 93 Map of IT.*? Me'idocino County 93 Map of 167 M<^reed County 94 Man of ^ 173 Mptals 20 Mica 69 Mine bell signals 145. 146 Exits 144 Minor's inch defined 143 Mineral industry, review of 7 Mineral land within meander of lakes and streams 141 Mineral output, 1914 (tabulation) 8 Mineral output by counties 10. 81 Mineral output, comparative value, 1913. 1914 9 Mineral paint 70 184 INDEX. Page Mineral samples, determination of — 161 Mineral water 71 Production, 1887-1914 72 Mining Bureau Act 113 Mininy claims in forest reserve 150 Corporations 130 Mining laws 113-158 Modoc County 94 Map of 164 Molybdenum 27 Mono County 95 Map of 176 Monterey County 95 Map of 177 Monumental stone 52 Mount Lassen 105 Napa County 96 Map of 170 Natural gas 12 Production, 1888-1914 13 Law to prevent wasting of 126 Nevada County 96 Map of 169 Nitrates 78 Oil (see Petroleum). Oil and gas claims 150 Department of 116 Onyx 48, 49 Orange County 97 Map of 180 Patents for mineral locations 148 Paving blocks 52 Petroleum and Gas, Department of — 13 Average price by county, 1913, 1914 14 Dividends from ^ 19 Financial tables 18, 19 Operating costs by fields 19 Prices by fields 19 Production, 1875-1914 15 Production and value by counties 14 Production by fields 15 Production of light and h' avy gravities 17 Statistics of well operations 16 Location of 150 Pickett bill, the 150 Placer County 97 Map of 169 Placers, location of 148-150 Platinum 27, 28, 33 Plumas County 98 Map of 168 Potash .'8 Protection of stockholders 137 Publications of State Mining Bureau 159 Pumice '3 Pyrite 73 Total production 73 Quartz 74 Quicksilver 28 Prices 29 Production by counties 29 Production. 1887-1914 30 Right of Eminent Domain 138 Riverside County 98 Map of 182 Rubble 54 Sacramento County .99 Map of 171 Saline lands 149 Location of ^iz Salines 77 Salt 78. 79 Production. 1887-1914 79 Samples, determination of 161 San Benito County 100 Map of 177 Page San Bernardino County 100 Map of 181 San Diego County 101 Map of 182 San Francisco County 101 Map of 172 San Joaquin County 102 Map of 171 San Luis Obispo County 102 Map of - 178 San Mateo County 103 Map of 172 Sand, glass 74 Sand and gravel 53 Sandstone 49 Production. 1887-1914 50 Saiita Barbara County 103 Map of 179 Santa Clara County 104 Map of 172 Santa Cruz County 104 Map of 172 Serpentine 50 Shasta County 105 Map of 165 Sierra County 106 Map of 169 Silver 30, 31, 33, 34 Percentage yield of, by classes of ores .''.4 Production, 1887-1914 31 Siskiyou County 106 Map of 163 Slate 51 Soapstone 75 Soda SO Solano County 107 Map of 170 Sonoma County 108 Map of 170 Stanislaus County 108 Map of 173 State Mineralogist's Reports, list of_ 159 State Mining Bureau Publications, list of 159 Stockholders, protection of 137 Stone, locations of 149 Stone, miscellaneous 51, 5a Structural materials 35 Sulphur 76 Sutter County 109 Map of 169 Talc 75 Tehama County 109 Man of 165 Telephone system in mines 145 Tin 32 Travertine 48. 49 Trinity County 109 Map of 166 Tulnre County 110 Map of 175 Tungsten 31. 32 Tuolumne County 110 Map of 173 Vanadium 32 Ventura County 111 Map of 179 Volcanic ash 73 Withdrawn lands, location of min- erals on 150 Yolo County m Map of 170 Yuba County 112 Map of 169 Zinc 32. 33 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW '^^%2 110^8, AN INITIAL FINE OP 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO 50 CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. Call Number: of nattiral resources. J Division of mines. PHYSICAL SCIENCE* LIBRARY TN2U C3 A3 no.70 C3 A3 LIHUAK . |||P[YEJjtSITY OF CALlFOaNlA DAVIS 113347