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 LIBRARY 
 
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SHORT SENTENCES 
 
 PRACTICE IN WRITING LATIN. 
 
 DESIGNED 
 
 iFor Students in Caesar's (Gallic Mux. 
 
 SECOND EDITION, ENLARGED, WITH NOTES. 
 BY 
 
 MOSES GRANT DANIELL, 
 
 MASTER IN THE ROXBURY LATIN SCHOOL, BOSTON. 
 
 JOHN S. PRELL 
 
 Civil & Mechanical Engineer. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO , OAL. 
 
 IVISON, BLAKEMAN, TAYLOR, AND COMPANY, 
 NEW YORK AND CHICAGO. 
 
Copyright, 1882, 
 By IVISON, BLAKEMAN, TAYLOR, & CO. 
 
 1 Ml 
 
 GIFT 
 

 PREFACE, ^ch^tj, 
 
 The first edition of " Short Sentences " was printed a few 
 years ago mainly for use in the Roxbury Latin School. Al- 
 though it was never published or advertised, it has neverthe- 
 less found its way into several other schools ; and those 
 teachers who have used it speak highly of its value to them. 
 
 The present edition, much larger than the first, carries the 
 work through the whole of the first book of the " Gallic 
 War," and has in addition nine pages of Notes. The ob- 
 ject of the work, I need hardly say, is to give the pupil a 
 considerable amount of practice in turning English into 
 Latin with the classic models directly before hint, and recip- 
 rocally to aid him in the translation of the text of Caesar into 
 good English. It is hoped that in both directions the notes 
 will be found a valuable auxiliary. They are not grammati- 
 cal, strictly speaking, except in a few instances. They may 
 rather be called idiomatical. I believe that all teachers will 
 acknowledge the value of this kind of help to the student 
 of any foreign language. 
 
 To Mr. W. C. Collar, Head Master of the school, I am 
 
 indebted for many valuable suggestions while preparing the 
 
 present work for the press. 
 
 M. G. DANIELL. 
 Roxbury Latin School, 
 
 January, 1882. 
 
 723 
 
SHORT SENTENCES 
 
 CESAR'S GALLIC WAR. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 i. The Gauls were called Celts in their own language. 
 2. The Belgians inhabited the third part of Gaul. 3. Two 
 parts of Gaul were inhabited by Aquitanians and Celts. 4. 
 The languages of Gaul were different from each other x in 
 many respects. 2 5. Aquitania is very far off from Rome. 
 6. All these [men] are very brave. 7. The Belgians are 
 much braver than the Aquitanians. 8. The Sequana River 
 is called " Seine " in the French {Francogallicus) language. 
 9. The Marne is not far off from the Seine. 10. Civiliza- 
 tion and refinement are characteristics 3 of the province. 
 
 11. These things weaken the mind. 12. The Germans 
 were very near the Gauls. 13. They used to wage war with 
 them incessantly. 14. The Helvetians, who lived beyond 
 Lake Geneva, surpassed the rest of 4 the Gauls in courage. 
 15. To whom did traders very seldom resort 1 ? 16. 5 Did 
 they import those things which weaken the mind ? [No.] 
 17. With whom shall we wage war? 18. Did not the rest 
 of the Gauls surpass the Helvetians in courage? 19. With 
 
2 SHORT SENTENCES FOR 
 
 whom did the Helvetians contend in almost daily battles? 
 With the Germans. 20. We will keep the Germans away 
 from our territories and wage war in their territories. 
 
 21. The Gauls hold one part of these. 22. I have said 
 that the Gauls hold 6 one part of these. 23. Caesar says that 
 one part begins at 7 the River Rhine. 24. One part, which 
 is bounded by the Garonne, the ocean, and 8 the territories 
 of the Belgians, is called Aquitania. 25. The Belgians in- 
 habit that part of Gaul which extends towards the lower part 
 of the Rhine. 26. Aquitania is bounded on one side 9 by 
 the Pyrenees Mountains. 27. What part of the ocean is 
 near Spain? 28. Aquitania is very near to Spain. 29.. Caesar 
 says that Aquitania looks between sunset and the Dipper. 
 30. The lower part of the Rhine is inhabited by the Belgians. 
 
 CHAPTER 2. 
 
 I. The Helvetians are noble and wealthy. 2. Is not Or- 
 getorix the noblest among the Helvetians? 3. Orgetorix is 
 far nobler than the rest of 1 the Helvetians. 4. When Mes- 
 sala and Piso were consuls, the [people of the] state went 
 out of their boundaries with all their forces. 5. A conspiracy 
 of the nobility, was made by Orgetorix. 6. Can you 2 per- 
 suade me to make 3 a conspiracy? 7. Orgetorix persuaded 
 the nobility to make a conspiracy. 8. The nobility were 
 persuaded 4 by Orgetorix to make a conspiracy. 9. The 
 Helvetians surpass everybody in courage. 10. It is very easy 
 to surpass everybody in courage. 
 
 II. I have^got possession of the command of Gaul. 12. 
 Orgetorix persuaded me to this course 5 very easily. 13. He 
 persuaded me the 6 more easily because I surpass Piso in 
 courage. 14. The river Rhine bounds the Helvetians on 
 one side. 15. The Rhine is very broad and very deep. 16. 
 The Helvetian territory is separated from the Germans by 
 
PRACTICE IN WRITING LATIN. 3 
 
 the Rhine. 1 7. The Rhine, which is a deep river, is also a 
 broad one. 7 18. When Orgetorix was king, 8 Mount Jura 
 was very high. 19. Our province is separated from the 
 Helvetians by the Rhone. 20. On the third side 9 Helvetia 
 is bounded by Lake Geneva. 
 
 21. The Helvetians wander less widely than the rest of 
 the Gauls. 22. We can easily levy war upon our neighbors. 
 23. It resulted from these circumstances IO that they were 
 affected with great sorrow. 24. In proportion to " their 
 narrow limits they had a great multitude of men. 25. I 
 think that the Helvetians were I2 men fond of fighting. 26. 
 Have you very narrow limits? 27. It resulted from these 
 circumstances that they thought they had 13 narrow limits. 
 28. Considering 14 their renown in war, they are affected 
 with great sorrow. 29. Their territories extend one hun- 
 dred and seventy-five miles in width. 1 5 30. Who can levy 
 war upon his neighbors ? 
 
 CHAPTER 3. 
 
 1. Orgetorix influenced the Helvetians by his authority. 
 2. Wagons and pack-cattle were got ready for the expedi- 
 tion. 1 3. They bought up a large number of wagons. 4. 
 Those things which belonged to the expedition were pre- 
 pared. 5. Peace and friendship were established with the 
 neighboring states. 6. An abundance of grain was in store 
 on the march. 7. Are you led by these considerations? 2 8. 
 Let us sow 3 as much land as possible. 4 9. They did these 
 things in order to establish 5 peace with the states. 10. Will 
 you buy up the largest possible number of wagons? 
 
 n. Orgetorix completed these preparations 6 in two years. 
 12. I think that three 7 years are enough for me for estab- 
 lishing peace. 8 13. They chose Orgetorix for completing 
 these preparations. 14. I will take upon myself the embassy 
 
4 SHORT SENTENCES FOR 
 
 to the Romans. 15. We will persuade Casticus to seize the 
 kingdom. 16. The senate called the father of Casticus a 
 friend. 17. I will seize the kingdom which my father has held 
 before. 18. Who can persuade you to seize the kingdom? 
 
 19. Let us choose 9 Casticus for undertaking JO an embassy. 
 
 20. O Casticus, was not Orgetorix chosen during that journey ? 
 21. Is not Dumnorix, Divitiacus's brother, acceptable to 
 
 the common people? 22. You who are acceptable to me 
 undertook the same thing. 23. Who will give me his 
 daughter in marriage? 11 24. Orgetorix persuaded Dum- 
 norix to give him his 12 daughter. 25. Can you persuade 
 me to give you my daughter? 26. Who holds the su- 
 premacy in your state at this time? 27. It is a very easy 
 thing to do to hold the supremacy. 28. I am going to 
 accomplish 13 my undertaking. 29. Dumnorix persuaded 
 Casticus to accomplish his undertaking. 30. He said that 
 he was about to obtain the command of his own state. 
 
 31. It is not doubtful but that I shall obtain the govern- 
 ment. 32. It was not doubtful but that I should obtain the 
 government. 33. The Helvetians are the most powerful of 
 all Gaul. 34. This speech induced them to exchange oaths. 14 
 35. Who can gain possession of all Gaul? 36. Can you 
 gain possession of my daughter? 37. Three very powerful 
 Helvetians exchange oaths. 38. Having conciliated the 
 army/s he obtained the kingdom. 39. It is not doubtful 
 but that they were led by this speech. 40. I can prove to 
 you that they were led by this speech. 
 
 CHAPTER 4. 
 
 1. Orgetorix was compelled to plead his cause in chains. 1 
 2. According to our custom we will compel you to plead 
 your cause. 3. If you are condemned, punishment must 
 follow. 2 4. Orgetorix was not burned [to death] with fire. 
 
PRACTICE IN WRITING LATIN. 5 
 
 5. You must be burned with fire. 6. A day was appointed for 
 pleading 3 his cause. 7. Ten thousand men were collected 
 together at the trial. 4 8. He had a very large number 
 of clients and debtors. 9. Orgetorix and all his house- 
 hold were conducted to the same place. 10. By means of 
 these [men] we fescue ourselves from being burned. 5 
 
 1 1 . On account of this act the state attempted to assert 
 its right by force of arms. 12. Orgetorix will attempt to 
 assert his right. 13. A multitude of men were collected 
 by the magistrates. 14. I think that Orgetorix died. 15. 
 When Orgetorix was dying, 6 suspicion was aroused. 16. The 
 Helvetians think that he committed suicide. 7 1 7. There is 
 no doubt but that he committed suicide. 18. Suspicion is 
 not wanting that he was burned. 19. Are you going to 8 
 commit suicide? 20. Let us collect a multitude of men 
 from the country. 
 
 CHAPTER 5. 
 
 I . We will attempt to do what * we have resolved upon, 
 [namely] to go 2 forth from our territories. 2. The Hel- 
 vetians will none the less go forth from their territories. 
 
 3. We think that we are prepared for that undertaking. 3 
 
 4. We have set fire to all our walled towns, six in number. 
 
 5. We are going to carry with us all our grain, except 
 what we have burnt up. 6. We have taken away all hope 
 of returning 4 home. 7. We are very well prepared 5 * to 
 undergo all dangers. 8. We think that we have taken away 
 all hope of a return. 9. We have attempted to do this in 
 order to take away the hope of a return. 10. Are you ready 
 for this undertaking? 
 
 I I . We shall carry from home provisions [ready] ground 
 for four months. 6 12. Each man was ordered to carry from 
 home his own 7 provisions. 13. We have persuaded the 
 Tulingi to set out with us. 14. They adopted the same 
 
6 SHORT SENTENCES FOR 
 
 plan and burned 8 down their villages. 15. Will you adopt 
 the same plan? 16. We used to live beyond the Rhine. 
 
 17. Who crossed the Rhine and laid siege to Noreia? 
 
 18. We will receive to ourselves the Boh.- 19. Can you 
 persuade me to burn down my house? 20. Who persuade 
 the Boii to lay siege to Noreia? 
 
 CHAPTER 6. 
 
 I. We can go out from home by two routes. 2. Between 
 the mountain and the river they dragged wagons one at a 
 time * with difficulty. 3. It is difficult to drag wagon's one 
 at a time. 4. The mountain is so 2 high that we can easily 
 prevent a passage. 3 5. By the other route they could very 
 easily go out from home. 6. What can be easier than this 
 route? 7. Are not these two routes much easier? 8. Was 
 not the Rhine fordable 4 in two places? 9. A very high 
 mountain overhangs the river. 10. The first route is nar- 
 rower than the second. 
 
 I I . Geneva is very near the territories of the Allobroges. 
 
 12. The Rhone was crossed by a bridge near this town. 
 
 13. I think we can persuade the Helvetians to go. 14. The 
 Allobroges do not seem to have a friendly disposition 5 
 towards us. 15. I think I shall persuade you to go. 
 
 .16. Allow me to go through your fields. 17. They think 
 they can compel us by force. 18. They did compel them 
 to allow them 6 to go. 19. They made every preparation 7 
 for their, departure. 20. Let us all assemble on that day 
 at 8 the bank of the Rhone. 
 
 CHAPTER 7. 
 
 1 . When Caesar had arrived at   Geneva, word was 
 brought 2 to him that they had set out from the city. 2. Let 
 
PRACTICE IN WRITING LATIN. 7 
 
 us endeavor to march through further Gaul. 3. Caesar had 
 hastened by forced marches to reach 3 Geneva. 4. I will 
 give orders to the province to furnish 4 the greatest pos- 
 sible number of soldiers. 5. The soldiers of the whole 
 province marched through Gaul. 6. Caesar ordered one 
 legion to remain in Geneva. 7. He cut down the bridge 
 that was near Geneva. 8. Can you cut down a large num- 
 ber of bridges? 9. Have you informed 5 the Helvetians of 
 Caesar's arrival? 10. The noblest men of the state were 
 sent as ambassadors to him. 
 
 n. It is my intention 6 to march through the province. 
 
 12. Isn't it your intention to send ambassadors to Caesar? 
 
 13. We go through the province because we have no other 
 way. 14. I beg that we may do 7 this with your permission. 
 15. They said they had no other way. 16. Caesar said they 
 might do this with his permission. 17. May I do 8 it with 
 your permission? 18. Let us send ambassadors to say 9 
 that they may do it. 19. Lucius Cassius's army was con- 
 quered and sent under the yoke. 20. Do you remember IO 
 that I was conquered by Cassius ? 
 
 21. Will the opportunity of marching through the prov- 
 ince be granted to me? 22. Do you think the Helvetians 
 will refrain from injury? 23. I think they will march 
 through the province without injury. 24. I have ordered " 
 soldiers to assemble. 25. That time may elapse, till the 
 soldiers have assembled, I2 I will take five days for delibera- 
 tion. 26. If you want any thing, come back on the 25th 
 of March. 27. If you don't want any thing, let the sol- 
 diers assemble. 28. If you wish to take a day for delibera- 
 tion, you may. 13 29. If I should want I4 anything, I would 
 return I4 on the first of April. 30. If he had wanted any 
 thing, he would have returned. 
 
SHORT SENTENCES FOR 
 
 CHAPTER 8. 
 
 i. I have ten legions with me. 2. Lake Geneva flows 
 into the Rhone near Mount Jura. 3. The Rhone' sepa- 
 rates the territories of the Helvetians from the Sequanians. 
 
 4. Let us extend a wall fifteen feet high x for eleven miles. 
 
 5 . When I have 2 completed this wall, I will station my guards. 
 
 6. I will also fortify redoubts, that I may the more easily 
 intercept the enemy. 7. They were attempting to cross 
 against my will. 8. It will not be very easy to cross if I am 
 unwilling. 3 9. I think I shall intercept the enemy. 10. I 
 think the enemy will be intercepted. 
 
 1 1 . Caesar was not able to grant a passage through the 
 province to any one. 12. He said that the day had not 
 arrived. 4 13. He says that the ambassadors have not re- 
 turned. 14. If you attempt 5 to use force, I will prevent 
 you. 15. They said that they would not use force. 16. 
 Some used force, and others 6 built rafts. 1 7. The Helve- 
 tians said that they were not disappointed in 7 this hope. 
 18. Could they not have forced 8 a passage? 19. They said 
 that they could not force a passage. 20. Caesar says that 
 they were repelled by the soldiers' weapons. 
 
 CHAPTER 9. 
 
 1 . If the Sequanians are unwilling, we can not go through 
 the pass. 2. Caesar says that one route was left. 3. Since 
 I can not persuade you, I will persuade Caesar. 4. Could 
 the Helvetians persuade the Sequanians? 5. Did they gain 
 their request 1 from the Sequanians? 6. Dumnorix has 
 great influence 2 among the ^Eduans. 7. Whose daughter 
 did he marry? 3 8. Caesar says that he married Orgetorix's 
 daughter. 9. He also says that he was a friend to the Hel- 
 vetians. 10. I can not persuade the Helvetians to send 
 ambassadors. 
 
PRACTICE IN WRITING LATIN. 9 
 
 11. Is not Orgetorix desirous of a revolution? 4 12. Sev- 
 eral states are bound to me through my kindness. 13. I 
 want to have as many states as possible. 14. Accordingly 
 the business 5 was undertaken by Dumnorix. 15. We will 
 allow the Helvetians to pass through our boundaries. 16. 
 Let us exchange hostages. 6 17. Let not the Sequanians 
 hinder us from the journey. 18. The Helvetians will not 
 give hostages to the Sequanians. 19. I can bring it about 
 that the Sequanians shall give hostages to the Helvetians. 
 20. Will you, O Helvetians and Sequanians, exchange hos- 
 tages ? 
 
 CHAPTER 10. 
 
 I. What did the Helvetians intend 1 to do? 2. Word 
 was brought to Caesar that they intended to march into the 
 province. 3. It is attended 2 with great danger to the 
 province to have the Helvetians for neighbors. 4. If you 
 should do this, I would put Labienus in command 3 of the 
 province. 5. Caesar knows that warlike men will be hostile 
 to the Romans. 6. What fortification was Labienus put in 
 command of ? 7. Let us hasten into Italy by forced 
 marches. 8. For these reasons Labienus intends to enroll 
 three legions. 9. Labienus, will you lead out your army 
 from winter quarters? 10. He had been wintering in fur- 
 ther Gaul. 
 
 II. Five legions were marching into Gaul by the shortest 
 route. 4 12. In the Alps higher positions were seized by the 
 Caturiges. 13. Can you, O ye Graioceli, prevent Caesar's 
 army from the march? 14. Will you even 5 attempt to seize 
 higher positions ? 15. Caesar thinks he can defeat you in one 
 battle. 6 16. I think you will be defeated in several battles. 
 17. On the seventh day we arrived 7 at Ocelum. 18. I 
 
 .think we arrived there 8 at that time. 19. He led his army 
 torn the Segusiani to the AUobroges. 20. From the hither 
 province he arrived in the further province on the third day. 
 
IO SHORT SENTENCES FOR 
 
 CHAPTER ii. 
 
 i. The forces of the Helvetians had been led through 
 the passes. 2. Since I can not defend myself, I will send 
 ambassadors to Caesar. 3. Since we could not defend our- 
 selves from them, we sent ambassadors to Caesar to ask for 
 help. 4. [Express the last clause in three ways.] 5. We 
 have so deserved of the Romans that our towns ought * not 
 to be devastated by them. 6. Our fields have been devas- 
 tated almost in sight of the army. 7. Have not our chil- 
 dren been led into slavery? 8. They said that their children 
 had been led into slavery. 9. At the same time Caesar was 
 informed that the Ambarri did not easily keep the violence 
 of the enemy from their towns. 10. I will inform you 
 (plu.) that our fields have been devastated. 
 
 it. At the same time with Caesar, 2 Labienus also, Caesar's 
 kinsman, was laying waste their towns. "12. We have noth- 
 ing left 3 except our villages. 13. I will show that I have 
 nothing left except my fields. 14. I think we ought to 
 wait 4 until Caesar arrives 5 among the Santoni. 15. All 
 the fortunes of our allies are wasting away. 6 16. My son, 
 betake yourself to Caesar. 17. Labienus, inform Caesar that 
 you will not wait. 18. Caesar, inform Labienus that he 
 must wait. 7 19. Will Caesar be influenced by these things? 
 20. All the fortunes of the Santoni have been used up. 
 
 CHAPTER 12. 
 
 1. Can you tell l by the eye in which direction 2 the Arar 
 flows? 2. The Helvetians were able to cross the Arar on 
 rafts. 3. Caesar was informed that one part of their forces 
 had been led over the river. 4. Did not the Helvetians 
 hide in 3 the neighboring forests'? 5. When they had killed 
 Cassius, they sent his army under the yoke. 6. Who killed 
 
PRACTICE IN WRITING LATIN. n 
 
 Cassius and sent his army under the yoke? 7. A large part 
 of them being cut to pieces, the rest took flight. 4 8. That 
 canton which 5 killed the consul was called Tigurinus. 9. 
 Piso. the lieutenant was killed in the same battle with 6 Cas- 
 sius. 10. O Caesar ! avenge not only your private wrongs, 
 but also those of the state. 7 
 
 CHAPTER 13. 
 
 1. I will have 1 a bridge built over the Arar. 2. Can 
 Caesar overtake the Helvetians? 3. Are you alarmed be- 
 cause I crossed the river in five days? 4. Let us send 
 ambassadors to Divico, who is a general of the Helvetians. 
 5. If the Romans will make peace with the Helvetians, the 
 latter 2 will go where the former 2 wish them to. 3 6. Re- 
 member that old defeat. 7. You attacked us when our 
 friends could not render us assistance. 8. Do not 4 attrib- 
 ute that to your own courage, or despise us. 9. We have 
 so learned from our forefathers that we do not rely upon 
 treachery. 10. Do not 4 allow the place where we stand to 
 take 5 its name from the slaughter of our army. 
 
 CHAPTER 14. 
 
 1. I keep in memory those facts that you have related. 
 
 2. The l less those events have happened according to the 
 deserts of the Roman people, the 1 more indignant I feel. 2 
 
 3. If I were conscious of [having done] any wrong, it 
 would not be difficult for me to be on my guard. 4. I am 
 not aware that I have done any thing to be afraid of. 3 
 5 . Did the Roman people think that they ought to fear with- 
 out reason? 6. They might forget the old disgrace, but they 
 could never forget their late wrongs. 7. Without Caesar's 
 consent 4 the Helvetians attempted a march through Gaul. 
 
12 SHORT SENTENCES FOR 
 
 8. They made great boasts s about their victory, and won- 
 dered that we had forgotten it. 9. Caesar felt indignant 
 because the Helvetians had molested the ^Eduans. 10. Let 
 us all forget the recent disgraces. 
 
 1 1 . The gods are wont to punish men for their crimes. 
 
 12. We suffer very deeply from a change of circumstances. 
 
 13. That we may suffer more deeply from a change, the 
 gods sometimes grant us greater prosperity. 14. Do not 6 
 boast of your prosperity. 7 15. I wonder that the gods have 
 granted you so long freedom from punishment. 16. Caesar 
 said that, although this was so, still he would punish them 
 for their crimes. 17. They give hostages to Caesar that he 
 may know that they will not inflict injuries upon the 
 .^Eduans. 18. Will you promise to give Caesar satisfaction 
 for the wrongs you have done him? 19. If Divico had 
 promised to give satisfaction to the ^Eduans, Caesar would 
 have made peace with him. 20. The Helvetians had been 
 so instructed by their ancestors that they never gave hos- 
 tages. 
 
 CHAPTER 15. 
 
 1. In what direction * are you going to march? 2. Send 
 ahead some horsemen to see in what direction we are 
 marching. 3. Cavalry, about six thousand, were collected 
 from those places. 4. We pursued them 2 eagerly into an 
 unfavorable position. 5. A few of the Helvetians joined 
 battle with our cavalry. 6. With fifty of our horsemen we 
 drove a great multitude of their horsemen. 7. They made 
 a bolder stand,* and annoyed the rear of our line. 4 8. We 
 prevented the enemy from annoying 5 the front of our line. 6 
 
 9. It is not more than four or five miles between us and the 
 enemy. 10. I consider this enough for the present. 
 
PRACTICE IN WRITING LATIN s 13 
 
 CHAPTER 16. 
 
 1. Don't 1 keep asking us for grain every day. 2. Not 
 only is there no fodder in store, but not even the crops in 
 the fields are ripe. 3. Moreover the supplies which we 
 brought up the Arar we cannot use. 4. We cannot turn off 
 from the Arar because we must use 2 that river. 5. I do 
 not want to depart from Caesar. 6. Collect the supplies 
 and bring them together into one place. 7. The day is 
 at hand on which we must assemble the leading men. 
 8. Liscus was violently accused because, though the enemy 
 were near, he did not assist Caesar. 9. 3 Can you buy grain, 
 or take it from the fields? 10. He complained bitterly 
 because he had been influenced in great measure 4 by my 
 entreaties. 
 
 CHAPTER 17. 
 
 1 . Liscus has much more power than even x Divitiacus 
 [has]. 2. There were not a few who were influenced by 
 Caesar's harangue. 3. Seditious and violent language pre- 
 vented the multitude from furnishing 2 supplies. 4. Liscus 
 ought to have 3 disclosed what he had previously said noth- 
 ing about. 5. Since you hold the leadership in Gaul, you 
 ought to prevent the magistrates from using violent language. 
 6. I do not doubt but that the Helvetians conquered the 
 Romans. 7. If the Helvetians had conquered the Romans, 
 they would have had great influence in Gaul. 8. Liscus 
 did not doubt but that his plans were disclosed to the 
 enemy. 9. He said that what went on 4 in Gaul was dis- 
 closed to the Romans. 10. I will keep still as long as I 
 can. 
 
14 * SHORT SENTENCES FOR 
 
 CHAPTER 18. 
 
 I. Do not discuss these matters while Dumnorix is pres- 
 ent. 2. Liscus spoke with the greatest freedom x and bold- 
 ness. 3. Caesar finds it to be true that you \_plu.~] are 
 desirous of a change. 2 4. When Dumnorix bids, nobody 
 dares to bid against him. 5. For ten years Dumnorix has 
 been a man in great favor with his brother Divitiacus. 6. I 
 support a large number of horsemen, and always have them 
 about me. 7. Dumnorix had a Helvetian wife, and gave 
 his sisters in marriage to Helvetians. 8. I have the highest 
 hopes 3 of increasing my estate by the aid of Caesar.- 9. He 
 despaired of obtaining the royal power under the govern- 
 ment of the Roman people. 10. He commanded the cavalry 
 in the unsuccessful engagement which took place the day 
 before. 4 
 
 CHAPTER 19. 
 
 1. Csesarhad 1 Dumnorix punished. 2. There is reason 
 enough 2 for me to punish you myself. 3. The Helvetians 
 thought they had reason enough for doing 3 all these things 
 without Caesar's knowledge. 4 4. Having learned these facts, 
 they exchanged "hostages. 5. Since this was done without 
 Caesar's orders, 5 he was accused by the ^Eduans. 6. I am 
 afraid I have hurt your feelings. 7. I have the greatest con- 
 fidence in you in all respects. 6 8. When Divitiacus was 
 summoned before Caesar, the latter 7 conversed with him 
 through an interpreter. 9. What did you say in my pres- 
 ence 8 about Caesar? 10. I will remind you of what you 
 said about him. 
 
 CHAPTER 20. 
 
 1. Don't pass too severe a sentence J upon me. 2. No- 
 body feels more pain 2 than I do because he used his re- 
 
PRACTICE IN WRITING LATIN. 15 
 
 sources for your overthrow. 3. Love of his brother 3 and 
 public opinion influenced him. 4. No one will suppose 
 that I hold such a place in Caesar's friendship. 4 5. If any 
 thing befalls 5 Dumnorix, it will be done with Caesar's con- 
 sent. 6. The result of this will be, 6 that the affections of 
 all Gaul will be estranged from him. 7. I beg you to stop 7 
 crying. 8. He pardons the injury to the state at the 
 request of Divitiacus. 8 9. For the future avoid all grounds 
 of suspicion.? 10. I wish to know what you are doing and 
 whom you are talking with. 
 
 CHAPTERS 21, 22. 
 
 1. Let them find out what the nature of the mountain is. 
 2. Show me what your plan is. 3. In the fourth watch the 
 enemy encamped at the foot of a mountain. 4. They 
 ascended the mountain by the same road that   the enemy 
 did. 5. Publius, who was sent ahead with scouts, was 
 skilled in military affairs. 2 6. When Considius ran up to 
 him, the mountain was occupied by the enemy. 7. When 
 Caesar had formed his line of battle, he directed Labienus 
 to make 3 an attack on the enemy. 8. At daybreak the 
 mountain was seized by the Gauls. 9. Late in the day 4 
 the Helvetians joined battle and frightened Considius. 
 10. On that day the enemy followed at the usual interval. 5 
 
 CHAPTERS 23, 24. 
 
 1. The army is not more than five miles from Bibracte. 
 2. Let us hasten and go to Bibracte. 3. It is necessary for 
 them to turn their course away from Caesar. 4. Supplies 
 must be provided for. 1 5. They thought that we were 
 alarmed because they had seized higher positions. 6. The 
 infantry were drawn up on to the hill, and the cavalry with- 
 
1 6 SHORT SENTENCES FOR 
 
 stood the attack of the enemy. 7. Half-way up the hill 2 
 four legions of veterans were drawn up in three lines. 
 
 8. Caesar orders you to enroll two legions in the province. 
 
 9. They repulsed 3 our cavalry and halted 3 on the moun- 
 tain. 10. The whole mountain was covered with baggage 
 and carts. 
 
 CHAPTER 25. 
 
 1 . Caesar removed all the horses in order to equalize the 
 danger. 2. Having destroyed all hope of flight, he encour- 
 aged his men. 3. It is easy to hurl weapons from a higher 
 position. 4. After they had thrown x their javelins, they 
 drew their swords. 5. The phalanx was broken and scat- 
 tered. 6. It is a great hindrance 2 to us that 3 our shields 
 are fastened together. 7. Throw away your shields and 
 fight with your swords. 8. I can not fight with my arms 
 fastened together. 9. Let us retreat to the mountain and 
 attack the enemy on their exposed flank. 10. Let the sec- 
 ond line oppose the Helvetians, who are bringing up the 
 rear of the enemy. 
 
 CHAPTER 26. 
 
 1 . When they had withdrawn   to the mountain, they hur- 
 ried 2 to their wagons. 2. We can not withdraw to our bag- 
 gage. 3. Although the fight lasted from the sixth hour till 
 the tenth, no one saw the back of 3 an enemy. 4. They 
 kept hurling their weapons till late at night. 4 5. Hurl your 
 weapons at the enemy as they come up. 5 6. When we had 
 got possession of their weapons, they turned [to flight]. 
 7. Caesar captured one of Orgetorix's daughters. 8. They 
 did not stop marching during any part of the day. 9. Don't 
 you aid them with grain or any thing else. 10. If you do 
 aid them, I shall hold you in the same estimation as 6 [I do] 
 Caesar. 
 
PRACTICE IN WRITING LATIN 1 7 
 
 CHAPTER 27. 
 
 1. Cast yourselves at my feet r and seek peace with tears. 2 
 
 2. Wait for my arrival in that place where you now are. 
 
 3. Did they not meet him on the march and speak humbly? 
 
 4. After I arrived there, the slaves fled for refuge 3 to 
 Caesar. 5. I am afraid 4 that, if we give up our weapons, 5 
 Caesar will demand hostages. 6. After two nights have 
 passed, 6 they will search for those slaves. 7. Do you sup- 
 pose that your flight can be concealed? 8. They were 
 thoroughly frightened lest their flight could not be con- 
 cealed. 9. Let us leave our camp and hasten 7 towards the 
 Rhone. 10. In the early part of the night they gave up 
 their arms and were punished. 8 
 
 CHAPTER 28. 
 
 1. Bring the Helvetians back, if you wish to be excul- 
 pated in my sight. 1 2. I bid you to seek them out and 
 bring them back. 3. Caesar found out that all the rest had 
 been brought back. 4. The Tulingi returned to the terri- 
 tories they had started from. 2 5. Since they have lost all 
 their crops, 3 there is nothing wherewith 4 they can sustain 
 hunger. 6. Caesar orders you to furnish them with a sup- 
 ply 5 of grain. 7. He bids you to rebuild the towns that 
 you burned. 8. Caesar doesn't want 6 the Germans to cross 
 the Rhine and become neighbors to the Allobroges. 9. At 
 the request 7 of the Boii I will allow the ^Eduans to settle 
 in the province. 10. Are not the Boii known to be men of 
 remarkable valor? 
 
 . CHAPTER 30. 
 
 1 . Ambassadors from l almost all Gaul congratulated 
 Caesar. 2. They knew that he had demanded satisfaction 2 
 
1 8 SHORT SENTENCES FOR 
 
 from the Helvetians for injuries done to the Romans. 3 
 3. Although he had demanded satisfaction, still the chief 
 men of the states assembled to congratulate him. 4. The 
 Helvetians left their homes with the design of making 4 war 
 upon Caesar. 5. Did they select the most convenient place 
 in all Gaul? 5 6. Do you judge Gaul to be very produc- 
 tive ? 7. They request that they may be allowed 6 to select 
 a convenient place for an abode. 8. There are certain 
 requests 7 that I wish to make of you. 9. Let no one 
 make disclosures except those who are directed to do so. 8 
 10. We ask that we may be allowed to appoint a day for 
 the council. 
 
 CHAPTER 31. 
 
 i . May we * treat with you about the safety of Caesar ? 
 2. We request that we may treat with you about our own 
 safety. 3. This request is granted. 2 4. They wept because 
 the things they had said were reported. 5. They strove for 
 this that they might not be . put to torture. 3 6. The ^Edu- 
 ans hold- the supremacy in one 4 of the parties, the Arverni 
 in the other. 4 7. The result is 5 that they are contending 
 together for the superiority. 8. When they had crossed 
 the Rhine, they became enamored of the way of life of the 
 Gauls. 9. They met with a great disaster, having lost 6 all 
 their cavalry. 10. On account of our valor we were once 
 very powerful. 7 
 
 n. We will not refuse to be 8 for ever under the sway of 
 the Romans. 12. I am the only one who can not 9 be 
 induced to give my children as hostages. 13. A worse 
 thing has happened to me than to you. 14. The king 
 has seized the Sequanian territory, which is the best in 
 Gaul. 15. They were ordered to depart because the 
 Harudes^had come a few days before. 16. The result will 
 be that we shall be driven out of Gaul. 17. As soon as 10 
 
PRACTICE IN WRITING LATIN 1 9 
 
 he had conquered the Gauls, he demanded the children of 
 all the nobles. 11 18. He could not prevent a large multi- 
 tude from being led I2 over the Rhine. 19. On account of 
 his victory he prevented Ariovistus from inflicting punish- 
 ment 13 on the hostages. 20. Could he have 14 prevented 
 the ^Eduans from doing what the Helvetians had done ? 
 
 CHAPTER 32. 
 
 1. Caesar began to make a speech. 1 2. After he had 
 made this speech, Divitiacus besought aid from him. 3. 
 The Sequanians alone are sadly 2 looking upon the ground. 
 4. Caesar does none of those things which the rest of us 3 
 are doing. 5. What is the cause of this conduct? 4 6. I 
 ask of you what the cause of this conduct is. 7. Do you 
 make no reply? 5 8. Our lot is more wretched than yours, 
 because we dread the cruelty of Ariovistus. 9. He knows 
 that our lot is more wretched than yours, because we dread 
 the cruelty of Ariovistus. 10. We who are in his power must 
 endure 6 all tortures. 
 
 CHAPTER 33. 
 
 1. I have great hopes that Caesar will induce Ariovistus 
 to put a stop * to his injuries. 2. It was Caesar's care * to 
 encourage their minds with his words. 3. Don't you think 
 that the council must be dismissed ? 4. It is most disgrace- 
 ful to Caesar to hold the ^Eduans in slavery. 5. More- 
 over, the Germans gradually got used to coming into Gaul. 
 
 6. They will not refrain from going 3 forth into the province. 
 
 7. I think that they will hasten thence into Italy. 8. When 
 they have occupied 4 all Italy, they will hasten into Gaul. 
 9. These dangers must be thwarted 5 at the earliest possible 
 moment. 10. You yourself put on such airs that you seem 
 intolerable. 
 
20 SHORT SENTENCES FOR 
 
 CHAPTER 34. 
 
 1 . I am determined * to appoint a place for a conference. 
 2. Will it please you to send me to Ariovistus ? 3. I de- 
 mand of you to send some one to Caesar. 4. I desire to 
 treat with you on matters of the highest importance to us 
 both. 2 5. If I had needed any thing of you, 3 I would have 
 come to you. 6. If you want any thing of me, 4 you ought 
 to come to me. 7. I do not dare to come into those parts 
 of Gaul which you have possession of. 8. I can not with- 
 out great difficulty get my army together in one place. 5 9. 
 What business have you 6 in my own Gaul which- I have 
 conquered in war? 10. It seems strange to me what busi- 
 ness the Roman people have at all in Gaul. 
 
 CHAPTER 35. 
 
 i. Report these answers to Caesar. 2. You have been 
 treated with great kindness by me J and the Roman people. 
 3. Since you demur when invited to come to a conference, 
 this is what I demand of you. 4. Don't you think you 
 ought to speak about a matter of general interest? 2 5. Do 
 not any more bring over any body of men across the Rhine. 
 
 6. Return the hostages that you have from the ^Eduans. 
 
 7. If you do 3 this, the Roman people will have perpetual 
 friendship with you. 8. If I do not gain my request, I will 
 not overlook the wrongs done to the ^Eduans. 4 9. If I 
 held possession of Gaul, I would defend the friends of the 
 ^Eduans. 10. When Messala was consul, the senate decreed 
 that the Romans should defend the ^Eduans. 
 
PRACTICE IN WRITING LATIN. 21 
 
 CHAPTER 36. 
 
 1. It is the law of war that those who are victorious shall 
 govern those whom they have conquered just as they please. 
 2. When you have conquered Ariovistus, command him 
 just as you please. 3. We are accustomed to govern the 
 vanquished according to our own will. 4. I shall never 
 dictate to you how you shall exercise your rights. 1 5. You 
 ought not to obstruct me in [the exercise of] my rights. 
 6. You are doing me a great injury by making 2 the ^Eduans 
 your tributaries. 7. If you abide by that 3 which has been 
 agreed upon, I will not make war upon Ariovistus. 8. If 
 you make war upon him, the name of "brother" will be 
 far from benefiting you. 4 9. Come on when you please. 
 10. You will find out that the Germans are invincible. 
 
 CHAPTERS 37, 38. 
 
 1 . I come to complain that the Harudes have lately been 
 brought over into Gaul. 2. They gave hostages at the same 
 time that l they were laying waste our territories. 3. We 
 must hasten 2 lest Ariovistus should unite 3 with the Suevi. 
 4. Resistance 4 can not easily be made if Cimberius com- 
 mands them. 5. When this message was brought, 5 Ariovistus 
 was hastening to Vesontio. 6. Caesar must take precautions 6 
 that this may not happen. 7. The town is so well fortified 
 as to give 7 great facilities for protracting the war. 8. The 
 mountain is not more than five hundred feet in height. 
 9. A wall encircles the town as though it were traced around 
 it by compasses. 10. After Caesar had surrounded the town 
 with a wall, he stationed a garrison there. 
 
22 SHORT SENTENCES FOR 
 
 CHAPTER 39. 
 
 1. They assert that Caesar stopped a few days near Ve- 
 sontio for supplies. 1 2. The Germans are [men] of im- 
 mense size and incredible valor. 3. The Romans had 
 frequent encounters 2 with them. 4. The minds and spirits 
 of the soldiers were disturbed in no small degree on account 
 of the fierceness of their eyes. 5. One assigned one 
 reason and another another 3 for departing. 4 6. Those who 
 followed Caesar out of friendship avoided the suspicion of 
 cowardice. 7. Can't you command your countenance or 
 keep back the tears? 8. Let us hide 5 in our tents and 
 bewail our common danger. 9. They are afraid that those 
 who command the cavalry will not be less timid. 10. When 
 you order the standards to advance, 6 we will not be obedient 
 to command. 
 
 CHAPTER 40. 
 
 1. Do you think that you ought to inquire ' in what direc- 
 tion you are being led? 2. Why should you suppose that 
 Ariovistus would seek our friendship? 3. I am persuaded 2 
 that when he knows 3 our demands he will reject the condi- 
 tions. 4. If he should levy war, we should not despair 
 either of our own valor or of your zeal. 5. An insurrection 
 of slaves, 4 who were assisted in some degree 5 by the disci- 
 pline they had received from us, lately took place in Rome. 
 6. Can you not judge from this how* much advantage 6 
 firmness has in itself ? 7. These are the same men with 
 whom we have had frequent encounters 7 in our own territo- 
 ries. 8. The Helvetians have generally conquered them, 
 and yet they 8 are not a match for us. 9. You can find out, 
 if you inquire, that the Gauls are tired out by the length of 
 the war. 10. If you attack them when they are scattered, 9 
 you will conquer them by stratagem. 
 
PRACTICE IN WRITING LATIN. 23 
 
 11. Our men can not be caught by that method for 
 which 10 there is room against savages. 12. Not even we 
 ourselves ascribe our fear to the narrowness of the roads. 
 13. You are acting presumptuously, since you appear to be 
 dictating to your commander. 14. I will have a care for all 
 these things. 15. I am not at all disturbed at your saying " 
 that you will not be obedient to command. 16. Fortune 
 fails those who manage things badly. 1 7. Caesar put off to 
 a more distant day what he had intended I2 to do immedi- 
 ately. 18. Does [a sense of] honor and duty or fear pre- 
 vail with you ? 19. I have no doubts about the tenth legion, 
 and that shall be my body-guard. 20. I have the greatest 
 confidence in you on account of your valor. 
 
 CHAPTER 41. 
 
 i. We will be the first to * return thanks to Csesar. 2. He 
 has expressed a most favorable opinion 2 of us. 3. Let us 
 assure him that we are quite ready to prosecute the war. 
 4. The tribunes of the soldiers together with the centurions 
 apologized to Caesar. 5. We never thought that the decis- 
 ion about the war belonged to us, 3 but to you. 6. After our 
 apology was accepted, Divitiacus reconnoitred the road. 
 
 7. Out of all others Caesar has the greatest confidence in you. 
 
 8. By a circuit of more than forty miles the army was con- 
 ducted through open places. 9. He did not discontinue 
 the march during seven days. 10. The forces of Ariovistus 
 are thirty-five miles from Caesar's. 
 
 CHAPTER 42. 
 
 1. Since you have approached nearer, that may be done, 
 as far as I am concerned. 1 2. I think that now you are 
 returning to reason. 3. You promise of your own accord 
 
24 SHORT SENTENCES FOR 
 
 what formerly you refused when I requested it. 2 4. I enter- 
 tain great hopes 3 that you will desist from your obstinacy. 
 
 5. They often sent ambassadors to and fro between them. 
 
 6. I demand that you bring no 4 foot-soldier to the confer- 
 ence. 7. I will not come on any other terms. 5 8. The 
 most expedient [way] is to take away from the Gauls all 
 their horses. 9. If there should be need of any action, he 
 would have his own soldiers as a guard. 10. You are doing 
 more than you promised. 
 
 CHAPTER 43. 
 
 1 . They saw a pretty large x mound of earth in an exten- 
 sive plain. 2. They took to the conference eight apiece 
 besides themselves. 3. To be called king by the senate 
 has happened to but few. 4. You had no just reason for 
 demanding 2 such a favor. 5. Many old and reasonable 
 grounds of connection have existed between us and the 
 .^Eduans. 3 6. How many times have decrees of the senate 
 been passed in your favor? 4 7. It was their custom not to 
 allow 5 any thing to be snatched away from their allies. 
 8. If you should make war on the yEduans, they would not 
 return the hostages. 9. If you can not send home any part 
 of the Germans, at least do not allow any more to cross the 
 Rhine. 10. In consideration of the friendship of the 
 Romans, do not make war upon their allies. 
 
 CHAPTER 44. 
 
 1. I crossed the Rhine on being asked J and invited by the 
 Germans. 2. I have settlements in Gaul, which have been 2 
 granted to me by the Gauls themselves. 3. The Romans 
 imposed a tax upon the Gauls by the laws of war. 4. If 
 you wish to make a second trial, 3 I am ready for a second 
 
PRACTICE IN WRITING LATIN. 25 
 
 contest. 5. It is not fair to make objections about the tax 
 which you have paid up to this time. 6. I have sought 
 your friendship in the hope that it would be an honor to me, 
 not a detriment. 7. I came into Gaul by request, 4 for the 
 sake of defending the Gauls. 8. This [part of] Gaul is 
 mine just as that is yours. 9. If I should interfere with you 
 in [the exercise of] your rights, I ought not to be par- 
 doned. 5 10. I am not so "green" as not to know 6 that 
 Caesar has his army in Gaul for the sake of crushing me. 
 
 CHAPTERS 45, 46. 
 
 1. Why can not Caesar desist from his purpose? 2. It 
 is not Caesar's custom to desert his most deserving allies. 
 3. Fabius conquered the Arverni in war, but the Romans did 
 not impose a tribute on them. 1 4. ,The Ruteni were not 
 pardoned by the Roman people. 5. The Gauls whom I 
 have conquered ought to be free and to enjoy 2 their own 
 laws. 6. While the horsemen were riding up to our men, 
 stones were thrown upon us. 7. Do not throw back any 
 weapon at all upon the horsemen. 8. Although the legion 
 will not be in any danger, 3 still a battle with the cavalry 
 must not be engaged in. 9. If Ariovistus is defeated, it 
 might be said that he was entrapped by us. 10. After the 
 horsemen had made the attack, Caesar put an end to the 
 conference. 
 
 CHAPTER 47. 
 
 1 . Ariovistus wanted to treat with Caesar about those mat- 
 ters which had been begun but not l finished. 2. If you 
 do not wish to appoint a day a second time, send an ambas- 
 sador to me. 3. He could not keep the Germans from 
 hurling 2 weapons against them. 4. There doesn't seem 
 to be any reason 3 for hurling weapons against Caesar. 
 
26 SHORT SENTENCES FOR 
 
 5. Caius, whose father the Romans presented with citizen- 
 ship, was a young man of great valor. 6. Ariovistus spoke 
 the Gallic language fluently. 4 7. The Germans have no rea- 
 son for sending Caius to Caesar. 8. Marcus found out what 
 Caius said, and reported it to Caesar. 9. When they saw 
 them 5 before him, they raised a shout in the presence of 
 Caesar himself. 10. When I attempted 6 to speak, I was 
 stopped and cast into prison. 
 
 CHAPTERS 48, 49. 
 
 1. On the next day Caesar led his forces past the moun- 
 tain with the intention I of drawing them out in line of bat- 
 tle. 2. Ariovistus kept his army in camp for six days in 
 succession. 2 3. If you should wish to contend in battle, 
 you would not lack the opportunity. 4. Let us each choose 
 a foot-soldier for the sake of our own safety. 5. If any one 
 should receive 3 a wound and fall from his horse, they would 
 ^surround him. 6. We must either make a further advance 
 or a quicker retreat. 7. To that place in which the Ger- 
 mans are encamped he will come with the first and second 
 legions. 8. It has been said that this place is about five 
 hundred paces from his camp. 9. Thither Ariovistus sent 
 all his cavalry to frighten Caesar's forces. 10. Caesar or- 
 dered the camp to be fortified and three legions left there. 
 
 CHAPTERS 50, 51. 
 
 1. A chance to fight 1 was given Caesar by Ariovistus. 
 2. And when not even Caesar came forth to battle, the lat- 
 ter 2 at length besieged the larger camp. 3. For what reason 
 do the German matrons declare whether or not it is advanta- 
 geous 3 to join battle ? 4. It is the custom among the Ger- 
 mans to contend in battle when the matrons declare that 
 
PRACTICE IN WRITING LATIN. 27 
 
 the moon is full. 4 5. When they said that the Germans 
 could not conquer, Ariovistus withdrew his forces into camp. 
 6. He drew up his forces in sight of Ariovistus, because he 
 was strong in legionary soldiers. 7. Considering the num- 
 ber of legionary soldiers, he is strong in auxiliaries. 8. Let 
 us draw up a triple line of battle and advance up to Caesar's 
 camp. 9. The women were put into the chariots that they 
 might not be given up to the Romans. 10. With out- 
 stretched hands we implore you not to deliver us up to 
 Caesar. 
 
 CHAPTER 52. 
 
 i. Caesar appointed a quaestor over each legion. 1 2. The 
 right wing is the weakest part of the enemy. 3. When 
 the signal was given, so fiercely was the attack made that 
 the battle was fought hand to hand with swords. 4. A good 
 many [of] our soldiers jumped upon the phalanx and tore 
 away the shields. 5. When our line was hard pressed on the 
 right, the enemy's line was defeated on the left. 6. The 
 cavalry are freer to move 2 than we who are engaged in 
 the line of battle. 7. Send Crassus as a relief 3 to the third 
 line [which is] in distress. 4 8. When Crassus sent his cav- 
 alry as a relief to the young men, the battle was fought more 
 fiercely. 9. The Germans noticed that Crassus commanded 
 the cavalry. 10. Our men ran forward so rapidly that the 
 Germans formed a phalanx. 
 
 CHAPTER 53. 
 
 1. Do not stop fleeing " before you reach the river. 2. If 
 you rely 2 on your own strength, you can swim over. 3. If 
 you can't swim, you must find safety for yourselves in 
 boats. 4. When Ariovistus had found 3 a small vessel made 
 fast to the bank, he escaped in that. 5. One 4 of his two 
 
28 PRACTICE IN WRITING LATIN 
 
 wives he married in Gaul. 6. The other was captured and 
 slain. 7. This circumstance affords me great pleasure, that 
 Caius has been snatched from the enemy and restored to 
 me. 8. Caius is the most honorable man in 5 the province, 
 my own familiar friend. 9. Shall he be immediately burned, 
 or reserved for another time? 10. The lots were consulted 
 about me twice, and by their favor I am unharmed. 
 
REVIEWS. 
 
 CHAPTERS 1-5. 
 
 i. The Belgians, who contend with the Germans every 
 day in battle, determined to wage war in their territories. 
 
 2. You, who surpass everybody in courage, have been 
 influenced by Orgetorix to follow his advice and set your 
 house on fire. 
 
 3 When I thought I was ready for that undertaking, I 
 persuaded Dumnorix to give me his daughter, [saying that] 
 there was no doubt of her being friendly to me. 
 
 4. The daughter of Dumnorix, excited about this thing, 
 hastened to the river Rhine with her friends and there com- 
 mitted suicide. 
 
 5. I assure you that it is necessary for you to seize the 
 throne in your own state, and to maintain your rights by 
 force of arms. 
 
 CHAPTERS 6, 7. 
 
 1. Let us get every thing ready so that we can cross the 
 Rhone on the 30th of March, and get into the neighborhood 
 of Geneva on the 1st of April. 
 
 2. We think we can easily keep off the enemy, because 
 the road is so narrow that they drag their wagons there one 
 at a time with difficulty. 
 
 29 
 
30 REVIEWS. 
 
 3. Caesar was not well disposed towards the Helvetians, 
 because [as he thought] they were attempting to march 
 through our province. 
 
 4. The Helvetians had no other way, and they intended 
 to march without [doing] any damage. 
 
 5. Permission to march through the province ought not 
 to be given them, because the Helvetians once defeated the 
 Roman army and were hostile to the Romans. 
 
 CHAPTERS 8, 9. 
 
 1. When Caesar had finished the wall and the trench, he 
 said that the Helvetians could not cross without his consent. 
 
 2. Disappointed in this hope, they said they should use 
 force and attempt to break through by night. 
 
 3. Dumnorix says that, if they will send ambassadors to 
 him, he will induce the Sequanians to allow them to go 
 through their boundaries. 
 
 4. He wanted to hold them under obligations to him for 
 the kindness, because he was influenced by his passion for 
 power. 
 
 5. The Sequanians will not obstruct the Helvetians on the 
 march, and the Helvetians will pass through without injury. 
 
 CHAPTERS 10, 11. 
 
 1. If you should do that, it would be [attended] with 
 great danger to the Romans to lead the army out. of winter 
 quarters. 
 
 2. Caesar knew that, if you should do that, the Roman 
 people would have warlike men for neighbors. 
 
 3. Caesar sent ambassadors to the ^Eduans to ask for 
 help ; [saying that] he had always so deserved of the yEdu- 
 ans that they ought not to attack his army. 
 
REVIEWS. 31 
 
 4. Having seized a higher position, Caesar defeated the 
 ^Eduans in several encounters, and informed Labienus that 
 he could easily keep off the violence of the enemy from the 
 town. 
 
 5. The Allobroges ought not to have waited till they had 
 nothing left but the soil of the fields. 
 
 CHAPTERS 12, 13. 
 
 1. Caesar, being asked in what direction the Arar flowed, 
 replied that he could not tell by the eye, because it flowed 
 with such incredible slowness. 
 
 2. Caesar, having set out with that part of his army which 
 was*on the hither side of the river, attacked the Helvetians 
 unexpectedly and slew a third part of their army. 
 
 3. That part of the army which had hidden in the forests 
 was the first to build a bridge over the Arar in order to send 
 ambassadors to Caesar. 
 
 4. Divico said to Caesar that, as to his having built a 
 bridge over the Arar in one day, he should not on that 
 account despise the courage of the Helvetians, who were 
 confused by his sudden arrival. 
 
 5. He also said that Caesar would cause that place to take 
 its name from the building of the bridge. 
 
 CHAPTERS 14-16. 
 
 i. Caesar replied that, although these things were so, still 
 they should not make such great boasts about their pros- 
 perity ; — 
 
 2. That even if he thought any thing had been done by 
 him to be afraid of, he was not willing to forget that they 
 had forcibly attempted to march through the province ; — 
 
 3. That on the next day he would move his camp from 
 
32 REVIEWS. 
 
 that place and send cavalry ahead to pursue and harass the 
 enemy's rear. 
 
 4. When Caesar observed that the crops were not ripe, he 
 distributed to the soldiers the grain which be had brought 
 up the river. 
 
 5. Having summoned Liscus, who held the power of life 
 and death over his subjects, he complained bitterly because 
 the yEduans did not collect the supplies which they had 
 promised. 
 
 CHAPTERS 17-19. 
 
 1. Liscus disclosed [the fact] that there were some who 
 had no doubt but that our plans and what went on in camp 
 were announced to the ^Eduans. 
 
 2. I am aware that it is with great danger that I make 
 these disclosures, and for that reason I have kept silent as 
 long as I could. 
 
 3. It is true that Dumnorix hates Caesar, because at his 
 approach his own power is weakened so that he has less 
 influence among the Gauls. 
 
 4. If any thing should happen to Caesar, I should enter- 
 tain the highest hopes of increasing my estate and of keep- 
 ing a large number of cavalry about me. 
 
 5 . When all these things had been done without Caesar's 
 knowledge, before attempting any thing, he conversed with 
 Divitiacus through an interpreter and reminded him of what 
 he had said about giving hostages. 
 
 CHAPTERS 20-22. 
 
 i. I know that that is true, and no one feels more pain 
 about it than I do, because, while I have very great power, 
 and he very little on account of his youth, he has increased 
 through my instrumentality. 
 
REVIEWS. 33 
 
 2. He said that, if he had been influenced by love for his 
 brother, since the latter was Caesar's enemy, the affections 
 of Caesar would have been estranged from him. 
 
 3. I will show you what I blame in you, in order that you 
 may be warned to avoid suspicion. 
 
 4. On the same day he ordered Labienus to ascertain 
 what the nature of the mountain was and what the designs 
 of the enemy were. 
 
 5. When Considius, whom Csesar had sent ahead with 
 scouts, said that the enemy held the mountain, he was 
 panic-stricken, announcing what he had not seen just as if 
 he had seen it. 
 
 CHAPTERS 23-25. 
 
 1. Caesar, whether because he thought he ought to dis- 
 tribute grain to the army, or because he saw that the Helve- 
 tians had changed their plans, seized a higher position, but 
 did not join battle. 
 
 2. After he had drawn up his line half-way up the hill, in 
 such a way that the whole mountain was covered with veter- 
 ans, he ordered those who stood in the upper line to fortify 
 the place where the knapsacks were collected. 
 
 3. They say that Caesar, having removed his horse out of 
 sight and having encouraged his men, joined battle. 
 
 4. It was a great hindrance to the Gauls that their shields 
 were pierced and pinned together by the enemy's javelins, 
 so that many threw away their shields and fought with their 
 bodies unprotected. 
 
 5. The Helvetians, seeing that the Boii were attacking and 
 surrounding our men, made another stand and renewed the 
 battle. 
 
34 REVIEWS. 
 
 CHAPTERS 26-28. 
 
 1. After Caesar had captured Orgetorix's son, who had 
 fought fiercely all night and had not turned his back upon 
 the foe, he told him that, if he would cast himself at his feet 
 and speak humbly, he might stay three days in that place. 
 
 2. When Caesar had sent a letter to Orgetorix [ordering 
 him] not to delay more than two days for the burial of the 
 slain, the latter, who had been wounded with a javelin, sent 
 ambassadors to him with reference to a surrender. 
 
 3. While \dum\ the hostages were being collected and 
 the ambassadors were waiting, Orgetorix, fearing that, if he 
 should deliver up his arms, he would suffer punishment, went 
 out of the camp by night and hastened towards the Rhine. 
 
 4. The hostages, after one night had passed, thinking that 
 their flight might be altogether overlooked, returned to the 
 place they had started from. 
 
 5. Since we have nothing at home wherewith to sustain 
 hunger, Caesar will, at the request of the Germans, allow us 
 to burn our towns, cross the Rhine, and dwell in the place 
 that the Helvetians have departed from. 
 
 CHAPTERS 30, 31. 
 
 1. When the Helvetian war was over, the chief men of 
 the Gallic states came to congratulate Caesar, although they 
 knew he had demanded satisfaction for injuries done the 
 Romans by the Helvetians. 
 
 2. As they were very prosperous, they had decided to 
 declare war and strive for the supreme power in Gaul ; and 
 they asked Caesar to appoint a general convocation of the 
 states. 
 
 3. We strive not less for this, that the things which we 
 have said may not be disclosed, than that we may accom- 
 
REVIEWS. 
 
 35 
 
 plish those things that we wish ; because, if disclosures are 
 made, we shall be put to torture. 
 
 4. A hundred and fifty thousand of the Germans had 
 crossed the Rhine, routed the ^Eduans, demanded the chil- 
 dren of all the nobles as hostages, and had bound their state 
 by an oath not to ask aid of the Romans. 
 
 5. As soon as the Gauls had been overcome, Ariovistus, 
 a passionate, insolent man, practiced every kind of cruelty 
 upon his prisoners, and prevented the soldiers from doing 
 the same thing that Caesar had done. 
 
 CHAPTERS 32-34. 
 
 i. The Sequanians alone remained silent; and when 
 Caesar was surprised at that conduct, and questioned them 
 about it, they still made no reply. 
 
 2. We are completely in the power of Ariovistus, because 
 we received him into our territories ; and we dare not com- 
 plain, lest severe punishment fall upon us and our towns 
 and villages be destroyed. ' 
 
 3. Caesar thought it was disgraceful to the Romans that 
 people called " brothers " by the senate should be annoyed 
 by Ariovistus, a man who had shown himself so proud and 
 insufferable. 
 
 4. Would it not be dangerous to the Romans for a large 
 body of Germans to get used to crossing the Rhine? 
 Would they not be induced to cross the Rhone also and 
 invade Italy itself? 
 
 5. Caesar sends to Ariovistus, asking him to treat with 
 him about public affairs ; but Ariovistus replies that he 
 doesn't know what business Caesar has at all in those parts 
 of Gaul which he himself has conquered. 
 
36 REVIEWS, 
 
 CHAPTERS 35-37. 
 
 i. Caesar said that, if the Sequanians should return the 
 hostages that they had, and not annoy the ^Eduans, they 
 would be treated with great kindness by him and the Ro- 
 man people. 
 
 2. If you make such a return to me, that, when invited 
 to cross the Rhine, you demur and think you ought not to 
 cross, I will require you to report this message to Caesar. 
 
 3. You are doing Caesar a great wrong by making the 
 ^Eduans tributary to yourself and obstructing them in the 
 exercise of their rights. 
 
 4. Since I do not dictate to you how you who have been 
 victorious shall govern those whom you have conquered, 
 you ought to abide by that which has been agreed upon, 
 and not levy war upon my allies. 
 
 5 . I think we must hasten, lest, if the Treviri encamp on 
 the banks of the Rhine and attempt to cross the river, they 
 can not easily be resisted. * 
 
 CHAPTERS 38,39. 
 
 1. When Caesar had taken precautions against Ariovistus's 
 seizing the town, he proceeded against him with all his 
 forces. 
 
 2. Caesar thought he ought to hasten towards the town by 
 forced marches night and day, and, when he had seized it, 
 to station a garrison there. 
 
 3. Whilst he was fortifying this town, the minds of the 
 soldiers were greatly disturbed by the remarks of the Gauls, 
 who asserted that a sudden panic had seized upon the 
 traders. 
 
 4. We are not afraid of the Germans, with whom we have 
 very often come in conflict \ but we are alarmed [for fear] 
 
REVIEWS. 37 
 
 that supplies can not be brought up on account of the extent 
 of the forests. 
 
 5. Those who command the cavalry and have had con- 
 siderable experience in camp are so frightened that they 
 hide in their tents, and bewail the common danger. 
 
 CHAPTERS 40,41. 
 
 1. Why should Ariovistus, who, when I was consul, very 
 eagerly sought the friendship of the Roman people, so rashly 
 depart from his duty? 
 
 2. When the Cimbri were defeated by Marius, the sol- 
 diers, who were aided somewhat by the discipline they had 
 received from their ancestors, seemed to have deserved no 
 less praise than the centurions. * 
 
 3. If you should inquire why the flight of the Gauls took 
 place, you would find out that they were tired out by the 
 length of the war, and were caught by a stratagem for which 
 there is no chance against our skilled soldiers. 
 
 4. For I know that the tenth legion, in which I have the 
 greatest confidence, will never despair of their commander, 
 or dictate to him in what direction he shall lead them, but 
 will follow me, even if nobody else does. 
 
 5. After the soldiers of the tenth legion had assured 
 Caesar that they were quite ready to reconnoitre the road, 
 the other legions apologized to Caesar; and their apology 
 was accepted. 
 
 CHAPTERS 42,43. 
 
 1. Since you have returned to reason, promising of your 
 own accord what formerly you refused, I will appoint the 
 sixth day from the present for a conference. 
 
 2. Ariovistus, on account of the great kindnesses of the 
 Romans towards him, said that he would come to the con- 
 
38 REVIEWS. 
 
 ference, if Caesar would promise not to bring any foot- 
 soldier. 
 
 3. If the horses should be taken away from the Gauls, I 
 would put on them my own soldiers, so as to have a friendly 
 guard in case there should be need of any action. 
 
 4. When they had come to the appointed place, which 
 was at about an equal distance from the camp of each com- 
 mander, Caesar recounted the very valuable presents which 
 the senate had sent to Ariovistus. 
 
 5. You obtained these rewards, when you had no just 
 reason for asking them, through my liberality and that of 
 the senate. 
 
 CHAPTERS 44,45. 
 
 1. He said that, after he had conquered his enemies in 
 war, he imposed the tax upon them which victors are wont 
 to impose on the vanquished. 
 
 2. If I thought that by means of the Romans the tax 
 which the Gauls have paid me should be discontinued, I 
 would reject your friendship no less willingly than I sought it. 
 
 3. I brought Germans into Gaul for the sake of fortifying 
 my own possessions, not of assaulting you ;' and the proof 
 of this fact is that I did not come without being asked. 
 
 4. If I should kill you, I should be doing a favor to many 
 Roman nobles, from whom I have ascertained this fact, that 
 by your death I might purchase their friendship. 
 
 5. If Caesar had decided that Gaul belonged to Ariovistus 
 rather than to him, he ought not to have imposed a tribute 
 upon his (Ariovistus's) allies. 
 
 CHAPTERS 46-48. 
 
 1. After Caesar had stopped talking and had withdrawn 
 to his own troops, he informed them that Ariovistus with 
 
REVIEWS. 39 
 
 great arrogance had ordered the Romans to leave Gaul and 
 had broken up the conference. 
 
 2. It was reported by the scouts that on the day before 
 the conference Caesar could not keep his men from shouting 
 aloud in his own presence that Ariovistus was coming for the 
 purpose of injuring him. 
 
 3. He ordered them to send Mettius, because he spoke 
 the Gallic language, to ascertain what was said in the ene- 
 my's camp and report it to him. 
 
 4. On the same day Caesar pitched his camp three miles 
 beyond Ariovistus with the intention of bringing up his 
 supplies on the next day. 
 
 5. Six thousand foot-soldiers, one of whom each of the 
 horsemen chose for the sake of his own safety, were in bat- 
 tles with them, and ran to their assistance in case of any 
 emergency. 
 
 CHAPTERS 49-51. 
 
 1. Caesar, having observed that the enemy kept himself 
 in camp, selected a suitable place for his own camp about 
 five hundred paces from the enemy, and there drew up a 
 triple line of battle. 
 
 2. Ariovistus will send seventeen thousand light-armed 
 troops to drive off Caesar's troops and prevent them from 
 completing their work. 
 
 3. When Caesar inquired from the prisoners for what 
 reason the Germans did not offer him a chance to fight, he 
 found out that the reason was that they thought they could 
 not conquer before full moon. 
 
 4. It is not Caesar's custom to pronounce by lots and 
 divination whether or not it is advantageous to engage in 
 battle, because he thinks that it is the will of heaven that 
 his own legionary soldiers shall conquer, whether it is new 
 moon or not. 
 
40 REVIEWS. 
 
 5. Having drawn up his line of battle and put the auxil- 
 iaries in sight of the enemy in order to use them for appear- 
 ance' sake, at about mid-day he offered to Ariovistus a 
 chance to attack him. 
 
 CHAPTERS 52-54. 
 
 1. When the signal was given, a fierce attack upon the 
 enemy was made by our men, who, throwing away their 
 javelins, fought hand to hand with their swords. 
 
 2. Several of the enemy were found who rushed forward 
 so rapidly that they had no space for hurling their javelins 
 against our troops ; but, after having formed a phalanx, they 
 pressed severely upon the line. 
 
 3. None of the enemy stopped fleeing until they had 
 found boats in the river by which to seek safety, or had 
 swum across to the other bank. 
 
 4. It afforded Caius great pleasure that, although the lots 
 were consulted about him three times in his own presence, 
 [as to] whether he should swim over the river or find a 
 boat, he nevertheless escaped by using his sword. 
 
 5. Caius, Caesar's own guest-friend, having been snatched 
 from the hands of the enemy, who had determined to bind 
 him in triple chains and put him to death by fire, was 
 restored to Caesar unharmed. 
 
NOTES. 
 
 DIFFERENCES OF IDIOM, etc. 
 
 i. i. Were different from each other = differed among them- 
 selves. 
 
 2. In many respects = in many things. 
 
 3. Are characteristics of the province = are of the province. 
 
 4. The rest of the Gauls = the remaining Gauls. 
 
 5. Use interrogative particle num. 
 
 6. Said that the Gauls hold = said the Gauls to hold. 
 
 7. Begins at = takes [its] beginning from. 
 
 8. Use que. 
 
 9. On one side = from one part. Observe the order. 
 2. 1. See note 1, 4. 
 
 2. Can you ? = are you able ? 
 
 3. To persuade one to make = to persuade to one that he may 
 [might] make. 
 
 4. The nobility were persuaded = it was persuaded to the nobility. 
 
 5. Persuaded me to this course = persuaded this to me. 
 
 6. The = by this. 
 
 7. Also a broad one = broad also {quoque). 
 
 8. " When Orgetorix was king " may be expressed in two ways. 
 
 9. See note 1, 9. 
 
 10. Circumstances = things. 
 
 11. In proportion to =pro, 
 
 — -12. Think that the Helvetians were = think the Helvetians to have 
 been. 
 
 13. Thought they had = thought themselves to have. 
 
 14. Considering —pro. 
 
 15. In width = into width. 
 
 3. 1. For the expedition = for setting out. 
 
 41 
 
42 NOTES. 
 
 2. Considerations = things. 
 
 3. Use present subjunctive. 
 
 4. Sow as much land as possible = make the very greatest sowings. 
 
 5. In order to establish = that they might establish. 
 
 6. Completed these preparations = prepared these things. 
 
 7. Cf. biennium. 
 
 8. Cf. ad eas res conjiciendas. 
 
 9. See note 3. 
 
 10. See note 8. 
 
 11. See note 2, 15. 
 
 12. Suus or ejus? 
 
 13. Going to accomplish = about to accomplish. 
 
 14. To exchange oaths = to give an oath among themselves. Cf. 
 inter se differitnt. 
 
 15. Having conciliated the army = the army having been concil- 
 iated. 
 
 4. 1. In chains = from chains. 
 
 2. If you are condemned, punishment must follow = it behooves 
 punishment to follow. you condemned. 
 
 3. A day . . . for pleading = a day of the pleading. 
 
 4. At the trial = to the trial. 
 
 5. From being burned = lest we be burned. 
 
 6. Use cum with subjunctive, or ablative absolute. See note 2, 8. 
 
 7. To commit suicide = to adjudge death to one's self. 
 
 8. See note 3, 13. 
 
 5. 1. What = that which. 
 
 2. To go = that we may go. 
 
 3. Undertaking = thing. 
 
 4. Hope of returning = hope of a return. 
 
 5. Very well prepared = most prepared. 
 
 6. For four months = of four months. 
 
 7. His own = for himself. 
 
 8. They adopted . . . and "burned = having adopted (used) . . . 
 they burned. 
 
 - 6. 1. One at a time = single. 
 
 2. So = /#*#. 
 
 3. Prevent a passage =prohibeo. 
 
 4. Fordable = crossed by a ford. 
 
 5. To have a friendly disposition = to be of good mind. 
 
 6. Eos or se ? 
 
 7. Made every preparation = prepared all things. 
 
NOTES. 43 
 
 8. Assemble at = come together to. 
 
 7. 1. To arrive at a place = to come through to a place. 
 
 2. Word was brought = it was announced. 
 
 3. See note I. 
 
 4. Give orders to the province to furnish = order to the province. 
 
 5. To inform = to make more certain. 
 
 6. It is my intention = it is in mind to me. 
 
 7. That we may do = that it be permitted to us to do. 
 
 8. May I do ? = is it permitted to me to do ? 
 
 9. To say = that they may say, or = who may say. 
 
 10. To remember = to hold in [by] memory. 
 
 11. Use impero followed by ut with subjunctive. 
 
 12. Till the soldiers have assembled = while the soldiers are. 
 assembling. 
 
 13. See note 8. 
 
 14. Use present subjunctive. 
 
 8. 1. Fifteen feet high = of fifteen feet into height. Cf. note 2, 15. 
 
 2. When I have = when I shall have. 
 
 3. If I am unwilling. Use ablative absolute. 
 
 4. Said that the day had not arrived = denied [nego) the day to 
 have arrived. 
 
 5. If you attempt = if you shall attempt. Cf. note 2. 
 
 6. Some . . . others = others . . . others. 
 
 7. Disappointed in = cast down from. 
 
 . 8. Could they not have forced a passage ? = were they not able to 
 break through ? 
 
 9. 1. To gain a request = impetro. 
 
 2. Has great influence = is able much. 
 
 3. To marry [a woman] = to lead into matrimony. 
 
 4. Revolution = new things. 
 
 5. Business = thing. 
 
 6. Exchange hostages = Give hostages among ourselves. Cf. note 
 
 10. 1. See note 7, 6. 
 
 2. It is attended with danger = it is with danger. 
 
 3. To put in command oi—prceficio. 
 
 4. By the shortest route = where the way was nearest. 
 
 5. Even = etiam. 
 
 6. In one battle = by one battle. 
 
 7. See note 7, 1. 
 
 8. There = thither. 
 
44 NOTES, 
 
 ii. I. Note the difference between debeant and debuerint. 
 
 2. At the same time with Caesar = at the same time at which 
 Caesar. 
 
 3. Nothing left = nothing of remaining.. 
 
 4. We ought to wait = [it] ought to be waited by us. 
 
 5. Arrives = shall have arrived. 
 
 6. Are wasting away = are [being] consumed. 
 
 7. See note 4. 
 
 12. 1. Tell = judge. 
 
 2. In which direction = into which (of two) parts. 
 
 3. Hide in = hide into. 
 
 4. Took flight = intrusted themselves to flight. 
 
 5. That canton which killed . . . was called = which canton killed 
 . . . that was called. 
 
 6. With =s in which. 
 
 7. Those of the state = public. 
 
 13. 1. To have a thing done = to take care a thing to be done 
 (gerundive). 
 
 2. The latter . . . the former = hie . . . Me. 
 
 3. Wish them to = shall have wished. 
 
 4. Use ne with perfect subjunctive. 
 
 5. Allow the place to take = allow that the place take. 
 
 14. 1. The ... the = by which ... by that. 
 
 2. Feel indignant = bear heavily. 
 
 3. To be afraid of = wherefore I should fear. 
 
 4. Without Caesar's consent = Caesar being unwilling. 
 
 5. Made great boasts = boasted many [things]. 
 
 6. See note 13, 4. 
 
 7. Use ablative. 
 
 15. 1. In what direction = into what parts. Cf. note 12, 2. 
 
 2. Them = whom. 
 
 3. Made a bolder stand = stood more boldly. 
 
 4. Rear of our line = our newest line. 
 
 5. From annoying = lest they annoy. 
 
 6. The front of our line = our first line. 
 
 16. 1. Don't = be unwilling = nolite. 
 
 2. We must use = it behooves us to use. 
 
 3. Use utrum . . . an. 
 
 4. In great measure = from great part. 
 
 17. . 1. Even Divitiacus = Divitiacus himself. 
 2. See note 15, 5. 
 
NOTES. 45 
 
 3. Ought to have disclosed = ought[ed] to disclose. Cf. note XT, 1. 
 
 4. What went on = what [things] were done. 
 
 18. 1. With the greatest freedom = most freely. 
 
 2. Change = new things. 
 
 3. To have the highest hopes = to come into the highest hopes. 
 
 4. The day before =pridie. 
 
 19. 1. See note 13, I. 
 
 2. Reason enough = enough of cause. 
 
 3. Reason for doing = reason wherefore he should do. 
 
 4. Without Caesar's knowledge = Caesar [being] ignorant. 
 
 5. Use injussu. 
 
 6. Confidence in you in all respects = faith of all things to you. 
 
 7. See note 13, 2. 
 
 8. Use apud. 
 
 20. 1. To pass too severe a sentence = to determine a heavier 
 [thing]. 
 
 2. Feel more pain = take more of pain. 
 
 3. Love of his brother = fraternal love. 
 
 4. Such a place in Caesar's friendship = that place of friendship 
 with Caesar. 
 
 5. See note 8, 5. 
 
 6. The result of this will be = from which thing it will be. 
 
 7. Stop = make an end. 
 
 8. He pardons, etc. = he condones the injury . . .to Divitiacus's 
 wish. 
 
 9. All grounds of suspicion = all suspicions. 
 
 21. 22. 1. That = by which. 
 
 2. Use the singular. 
 
 3. Directed Labienus to make = directed to Labienus that he 
 should make. 
 
 4. Late in the day = at much day. 
 
 5. At the usual interval = at which interval they had been accus- 
 tomed. 
 
 23, 24. 1. Supplies must be provided for = it must be looked for- 
 ward to supplies. 
 
 2. Half-way up the hill = in the middle hill. 
 
 3. Use participle (ablative absolute) and verb, instead of two verbs. 
 
 25. 1. Ablative absolute. 
 
 2. It is a hindrance = it is for a hindrance. 
 
 3. That = because. 
 
 26. 1. To withdraw = se recipere. 
 
46 NOTES. 
 
 2. To hurry = se conferre. 
 
 3. The back of an enemy = a turned enemy. 
 
 4. Till late at night = to much night. Cf. 22, 4. 
 
 5. As they come up = coming. 
 
 6. In the same estimation as = in the same place in which. 
 
 27. 1. At my feet = to the feet to me. 
 
 2. With tears = weeping. 
 
 3. To flee for refuge =fierfugio. 
 
 4. Afraid that Caesar will = afraid lest Caesar may. 
 
 5. If we give up our weapons = weapons having been given up. 
 
 6. After two nights have passed = two nights having been omitted. 
 
 7. Let us leave . . . and hasten = having gone out, let us hasten. 
 
 8. They gave up their arms and were punished = arms having 
 been given up, they were affected by punishment. 
 
 28. 1. In my sight = to me. 
 
 2. They had started from = whence they had set out. 
 
 3. Since they have lost all their crops = all crops having been lost. 
 
 4. Wherewith = by which. 
 
 5. To furnish them with a supply = to make a supply to them. 
 
 6. Doesn't want = is unwilling. 
 
 7. At the request of the Boii = the Boii requesting. 
 
 30. 1. Ambassadors from = ambassadors of. 
 2. Satisfaction = punishments. 
 
 . 3. Injuries done to the Romans = injuries of the Romans. 
 
 4. With the design of making = with this design that they might 
 make. 
 
 5. Place in Gaul = place from Gaul. 
 
 6. They may be allowed = it may be permitted to them. 
 
 7. Certain requests that I wish to make of you = certain things 
 which I wish to request from you. 
 
 8. Those who are directed to do so = to whom it shall have been 
 ordered. 
 
 31. 1. See note 7, 8. 
 
 2. This, request is granted = this thing has been gained. 
 
 3. To be put to torture = to come into torture. 
 
 4. One . . . other = other. . . other. 
 
 5. The result is = it happens. 
 
 6. Having lost cavalry = cavalry having been lost. 
 
 7. To be very powerful = to be able very much. Cf. g, 2. 
 
 8. Refuse to be = refuse by which less we may be. 
 
 9. The subjunctive is used in a relative clause after unns. 
 
NOTES. 47 
 
 10. As soon as = when once. 
 
 ii. Children of all the nobles = children of each most noble [man]. 
 
 12. Prevent from being led = prevent lest [it] be led. 
 
 13. Inflict punishment on = take punishment from. 
 
 14. See note 8, 8. 
 
 32. 1. To make a speech = to have a speech. 
 
 2. Sadly = sad 
 
 3. The rest of us = we, the rest. 
 
 4. Conduct = thing. 
 
 5. Make no reply = reply nothing. 
 
 6. We must endure all tortures = all tortures must be endured by 
 us (dative). 
 
 33. 1. Put a stop to = make an end of. 
 
 2. It was Caesar's care = it was for a care to Caesar. 
 
 3. Refrain from going = restrain themselves [dative] but that they 
 may go. 
 
 4. See note 8, 2. 
 
 5. These dangers must be thwarted = to which dangers [it] must 
 be thwarted. 
 
 34. 1. I am determined = it pleases me. 
 
 2. Matters of the highest importance to us both = the highest 
 things of both. 
 
 3. If I had needed any thing of you = if there had been any need 
 to me from you. 
 
 4. If you want any thing of me = if you wish me any thing. 
 
 5. Get together in one place = get together into one place. 
 
 6. What business have you = what of business is there to you ? 
 
 35. 1. Treated with great kindness by me = affected by my so 
 great kindness. 
 
 2. A matter of general interest = a common thing. 
 
 3. See note 8, 2. 
 
 4. See note 30, 3. 
 
 36. 1. Exercise your rights = use your right. 
 
 2. By making = who make. 
 
 3. Abide by that = remain in that. 
 
 4. Will be far from benefiting you = will be far away from you. 
 
 37. 38. 1. At the same time that = at the same time and. 
 
 2. We must hasten = [it] must be hastened by us (dative). 
 
 3. Unite = join himself. 
 
 4. Resistance can not be made = [it] can not be resisted. 
 
 5. When this message was brought = when this was announced. 
 
48 NOTES, 
 
 6. Caesar must take precautions = it must be taken care before- 
 hand by Caesar. Cf. 2. 
 
 7. So well fortified as to give = so fortified that it gives. 
 
 39. 1. For supplies = for the sake of a supply. 
 
 2. Had frequent encounters with = frequently encountered. 
 
 3. One assigned one reason and another another = another assigned 
 another reason. 
 
 4. For departing. Depends on causa, 
 
 5. Use participle. 
 
 6. To advance = to be carried. 
 
 40. 1. Ought to inquire. See notes 37, 2 and 6. 
 
 2. See note 2, 4. 
 
 3. Use participle. 
 
 4. An insurrection of slaves = a servile tumult. 
 
 5. In some degree = somewhat. 
 
 6. How much advantage = how much of good. 
 
 7. See note 3g, 2. 
 
 8. And yet they = who nevertheless. 
 
 9. Use participle. 
 
 10. By that method for which = for which method ... by that. 
 
 11. Not at all disturbed at your saying = nothing disturbed because 
 you say. 
 
 12. Had intended to = was about to. 
 
 41. 1. We will be the first to = we, the chief [ones] will. 
 
 2. Expressed . . . opinion = made judgment. 
 
 3. Belonged to us = was ours. 
 
 42. 1. As far as I am concerned = through me. 
 
 2. Refused when I requested it = denied to me requesting. 
 
 3. See note 18, 3. 
 
 4. That . . . no = lest . . . any. 
 
 5. On any other terms = by another reason. 
 
 43. 1. Pretty large = large enough. 
 
 2. Reason for demanding = cause of demanding. 
 
 3. Have existed between us and the ^Eduans = have come between 
 to us with the ^Eduans. . 
 
 4. In your favor = towards you. 
 
 5. It was their custom not to allow = . . . custom that they should 
 not allow. 
 
 44. 1. On being asked = having been asked. 
 
 2. Which have been = having been. 
 
 3. Make a second trial = try again. 
 
NOTES. 49 
 
 4. See note 1. 
 
 5. I ought not to be pardoned = it ought not to be conceded to me. 
 
 6. As not to know = that I do not know. 
 45, 46. 1. But .... on them = on whom. 
 
 2. To enjoy = to use. 
 
 3. The legion will not be in any danger = it will be without any 
 danger of the legion. 
 
 47. 1. But not = and not = nor. 
 
 2. Keep from hurling = restrain but that they hurled. 
 
 3. See note 43, 2. 
 
 4. Spoke fluently = used much (adjective). 
 
 5. Them. Use relative. 
 
 6. When I attempted = attempting. 
 
 48, 49. i. See note 30, 4. 
 
 2. In succession = continuous. 
 
 3. Use participle. 
 
 50,51. 1. A chance to fight was given = power of fighting was 
 made. 
 
 2. See note 13, 2. 
 
 33. Advantageous = from use. 
 
 4. Y\x\\=plenus. 
 
 52. I. A quaestor over each legion = single quaestors to single 
 legions. 
 
 2. Freer to move = more unimpeded. 
 
 3. As a relief = for a relief. 
 
 4. In distress = laboring. 
 
 53. 1. Stop fleeing = desist to flee. 
 
 2. If you rely on = trusting to. 
 
 3. Use participle. 
 
 4. One of two = alter. 
 
 5. In = of. 
 
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 FASQUELLE'S FRENCH COURSE. On the plan of Woodbury's 
 Method ; also a complete series. 
 
 MIXER'S MANUAL OF FRENCH POETRY. 
 
 LANGUELLIER & MONSANTO' S FRENCH GRAMMAR. 
 
 HENNEQUIN'S FRENCH VERBS. 
 
 MONSANTO S FRENCH STUDENT'S ASSISTANT. 
 
 MONSANTO & LANGUELLIER'S SPANISH GRAMMAR. 
 
 GRA Y'S BOTANICAL SERIES. 
 
 DANA'S WORKS ON GEOLOGY. 
 
 ELIOT & STORER'S CHEMISTRY. 
 
 ROBINSON'S HIGHER MATHEMATICS. 
 
 SWINTON'S OUI LINES OF HISTORY. 
 
 WILLSON'S OUTLINES OF HISTORY. 
 
 CATHCART^S LITERARY READER. 
 
 HICKOK'S WORKS ON METAPHYSICS. 
 
 HUNT'S LITERA TURE OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 WELLS' WORKS ON NA TURAL SCIENCE. 
 
 KERL'S COMPREHENSIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 
 
 WEBSTER'S ACADEMIC DICTIONARY. 
 
 TOWNSEND'S CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 WHITE'S DRAWING. 
 
 TA YLOR-KUHNER'S GREEK GRAMMAR. 
 
 KIDDLE'S ASTRONOMY. 
 
 SWINTON'S COMPLETE GEOGRAPHY. Etc. Etc. 
 
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 and Educationists on application. Liberal terms will be made for ii> 
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 PUBLISHERS, 
 New York and Chicago. 
 
VB 35649 
 
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