UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 AT LOS ANGELES 
 
 If flEXLIBRIS 

 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 LIBRARY,
 
 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FOR 
 
 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 
 
 SUPPLEMENTED BY 
 
 FANCY STEPS AND GAMES 
 
 BY 
 
 HARRIET E. TRASK 
 
 GRADUATE OF THE BOSTON NORM \L SCHOOL OF GYMNASTICS 
 INSTRUCTOR IN THE PHILADELPHIA NORMAL SCHOOL 
 
 lS892> 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 CHRISTOPHER SOWER COMPANY
 
 COPYRIGHT, 1904 
 BY CHRISTOPHER SOWER COMPANY
 
 \s 
 
 GrV 
 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 IN selecting and arranging the material for this book, I 
 have tried to meet the demand especially of those teachers 
 who are being more and more called upon to add to their 
 curriculum this branch of physical education, namely, 
 gymnastics. 
 
 Several years of experience in elementary grades and in 
 normal teaching have shown what the grade teacher, as well 
 as the normal pupil, would find essential and helpful in 
 teaching gymnastics. A teacher's text-book to meet the 
 general needs must be of such a nature that the simple 
 and combined movements which it describes may be easily 
 understood and accurately reproduced. This is provided 
 for by definite descriptions of all movements, positions, and 
 combinations, and by illustrations of many of the funda- 
 mental positions. 
 
 The use of technical terms is reduced to a minimum. The 
 following series help to counteract the effects of unhygienic 
 
 (3)
 
 4 PREFACE 
 
 conditions of school life and constitute, so far as the limits 
 of the classroom will allow, a supplement to the less system- 
 atic but exceedingly hygienic exercises found in outdoor 
 play and games. 
 
 i i/
 
 C O X T E X T S. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 INTRODUCTION 11 
 
 PART I. DAYS' ORDERS . 27 
 
 First Year 29 
 
 Second Year 73 
 
 Third Year 93 
 
 Fourth Year 113 
 
 Fifth Year . 131 
 
 Sixth Year . 143 
 
 Seventh Year .... 1.57 
 
 Eighth Year . 175 
 
 PART II. FAXCY STEPS . 187 
 
 PART III. GAMES 195 
 
 For the Classroom 197 
 
 For the Gymnasium or Playroom 211 
 
 (5)
 
 I L L U S T R A T I O N S. 
 
 flli. PAGE 
 
 1. Attention 10 
 
 2. Feet close. Hips firm 20 
 
 3. Head backward bend 28 
 
 4. Arms upward bend 32 
 
 5. Neck firm 33 
 
 6. Arms sideways stretch. Arms sideways raise .... 37 
 
 7. Arms forward stretch. Arms forward raise 40 
 
 8. Trunk forward bend 43 
 
 9. Arms backward stretch 45 
 
 10. Arms to star position stretch 47 
 
 11. Anns forward bend 49 
 
 12. Arms upward stretch 51 
 
 13. Trunk backward bend 57 
 
 14. Arms half sideways bend 59 
 
 15. Trunk sideways bend 61 
 
 16. Leg backward stretch. Leg backward raise 84 
 
 17. Leg sideways raise 88 
 
 18. Leg forward raise 96 
 
 19. Forward fallout 147 
 
 20. Knee upward bend 169 
 
 (7)
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 (9)
 
 FIG. 1 ATTENTION. 
 
 C 10)
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 FOR elementary school work there are practically only 
 two systems of physical training, the German and the 
 Swedish. The movements of these in free floor work are 
 almost identical. One and the same set of exercises may 
 be given in a lesson under both systems without violating 
 the fundamental principles of either. Other so-called 
 systems of school gymnastics are based upon one or both 
 of these and contain nothing original excepting the selec- 
 tion and the arrangement of the movements. Some par- 
 ticular element or elements which appeal to the individual 
 may have been selected and elaborated, but in general 
 there is nothing which is not borrowed from one or both 
 of these systems. 
 
 It has been universally acknowledged that the best 
 arrangement in general for a lesson is one in which the 
 lesson starts with relatively easy exercises, increases to 
 the more difficult, and ends with moderately easy ones. 
 
 These lessons are composed of a number of exercises put 
 together in a systematic way, each exercise having its 
 special object in the lesson. The fact that the general 
 arrangement remains the same greatly aids the class teacher 
 in memorizing the lesson, which is an important factor, 
 since the teacher is not a specialist and more often than 
 
 (ll)
 
 12 INTRODUCTION 
 
 otherwise has had only a limited training in the work. 
 Therefore, it is necessary to make it as easy in every way 
 for the teacher as is consistent with the scientific arrange- 
 ment of the subject-matter taught. The lessons must be 
 memorized and not read from a book or card. 
 The exercises are divideoi^i||ip : 
 I. Introductory exercises. 
 Order. 
 Leg. 
 Arm. 
 II. Balance exercises. 
 
 III. Trunk exercises. 
 
 Back. 
 Front. 
 Lateral trunk. 
 
 IV. Breathing exercises. 
 
 For the sake of convenience the introductory and the 
 trunk exercises are subdivided. 
 
 The arrangement of the first ten lessons follows this 
 general plan: Order, leg, head, arm, balance, back, breath- 
 ing. From the tenth lesson the following is the order: 
 Order, leg, arm, balance, front, back, lateral trunk, jump, 
 breathing. So we have our " lesson, 7 ' " day's order," or 
 "series of exercises, 1 ' made up of exercises which in turn are 
 composed of two or more movements. In the first grade 
 there is very little combination work, the combined move- 
 ments being used mostly as "starting positions" and com- 
 posed of easy movements which have been taken previously 
 as "movements proper" in the class of exercises to which 
 they especially belong. They are introduced for their
 
 INTRODUCTION 13 
 
 coordinative value and for economy of time. Since they 
 are not usually repeated, they have very little hygienic 
 value. 
 
 The first year includes nearly all the elementary move- 
 ments. Those following are in general a combination, in 
 a well-defined way, increasing gradually in physical and 
 mental difficulty. All " starting positions" follow the same 
 order of development in the class into which they are intro- 
 duced that was peculiar to them when previously given in 
 their own special class of exercises. This order is likewise 
 kept in all exercises where movements are done while the 
 "movement proper" is held 
 
 Allowing thirty weeks for indoor gymnastic work gives 
 fifteen days' orders to each grade, each grade after the first, 
 reviewing in the beginning of the term the five lessons of 
 the previous year; thus the eleventh order of the first grade 
 becomes the first order of the second grade. 
 
 Two weeks' time is given to each lesson, from ten to 
 fifteen minutes daily, but the same combination of exer- 
 cises may be taught for one week only. This has an advan- 
 tage over the plan of keeping a class on the same exercise 
 two or three weeks, since under the latter condition the les- 
 son is apt to become a set drill, the pupils anticipate the 
 movements and the mental value of the command work is 
 weakened. It follows also that the interest of the class is 
 lessened. Give the "first day's order" the first two weeks; 
 the last half of the " first" and the first half of the "second," 
 the third week; the whole of the "second'' the fourth week; 
 the last half of the "second" and the first half of the 
 "third," the fifth week; etc.
 
 14 INTRODUCTION 
 
 The selection and logical arrangement of a curriculum 
 is a most vital question with school authorities. The general 
 principles underlying the correlation of studies must 
 govern the arrangement of the daily program, and only 
 by observing this law can the maximum benefit be ob- 
 tained; only thus can the time and place for each study 
 be correctly approximated. The program must be so 
 arranged that one lesson is not followed by another of the 
 same mental or physical nature, but should be followed 
 by one of contrast, giving as much variety as possible, for 
 in this way there is an avoidance of fatigue, which would 
 otherwise be the result. The earlier part of the session, 
 when the pupils are at their best, calls for the studies re- 
 quiring the greater mental effort, and among these studies 
 would be placed arithmetic, grammar, history, and geog- 
 raphy. Drawing, manual training, nature studies and sing- 
 ing might well succeed one of the above. The place for a 
 gymnastic lesson is an open question. Some would place 
 it with geography and history in its production of mental 
 fatigue. Without laying undue stress upon this fact, the 
 gymnastic lesson might well be introduced after one of 
 limited physical activity. It is the manner in which the 
 lesson is given which determines to a large extent the 
 element of fatigue. When the gymnastic period is not 
 divided, it is preferable to place it in the morning session. 
 Under certain conditions, however, it is better to divide 
 the time and give a lesson in the morning and another in 
 the afternoon. The fact that gymnastics are recreative, 
 as well as corrective and developing, must be kept in view. 
 Formal gymnastics can never be a satisfactory substitute
 
 INTRODUCTION 15 
 
 for the recess period. Gymnastic games might be utilized 
 during a part of the recess period with benefit. 
 
 Before a lesson the windows should be opened for fresh 
 air, when there is no other arrangement for admitting 
 plenty. This is also necessary in order to lower the tem- 
 perature, since a room warm enough for inactivity has too 
 high a temperature for active exercise. 
 
 It is of paramount importance to call the attention of the 
 class leader to the fact that it would be most injurious for 
 some pupils to take all the exercises. We have these 
 abnormal conditions ever present which must be met and 
 treated accordingly. They cannot be ignored, and, though 
 the work is arranged for the average and normal pupil, those 
 who do fall below this class must be considered. In certain 
 cases the teacher, unless under proper direction or with 
 proper training, should not take the responsibility of decid- 
 ing the nature of the exercises or of giving them. It is better 
 to omit than to commit. Children with spinal or with hip 
 diseases, unless the exercises are definitely prescribed by a 
 physician or specialist, should be excused. Those with 
 marked deviation of the spine to the sides, a condition 
 which may be recognized by unevenness in the hips or 
 shoulder, should be excused from side bendings and twist- 
 ings. Deviation forward, "round shoulders," should be 
 carefully watched and manual assistance often given. In 
 cases of "flat-foot," excuse from balance exercises when 
 the movement is taken from one foot. Give in its place 
 heel raising, with a very smnll or no angle at the heels. 
 Limit or omit the "order" exercises with children who 
 have a tendency to chorea. Call as little attention as pos-
 
 Hi INTRODUCTION 
 
 sible to an excused or partially excused pupil. Unless the 
 abnormal child is receiving special attention, under a 
 physician's advice, it is best to consult the parent and 
 suggest such attention. 
 
 Command. There are two parts to the command, the 
 explanatory, preceding the dash ( ), and the executive, 
 or the word following the dash. The last word is always 
 emphasized when it is the word of execution. The word 
 directly before the exclamation point is the word of execu- 
 tion, except when it is followed by counts. The tone of 
 the voice indicates the rhythm of the movement. Hips 
 firm! "Hips" explanatory; the dash ( ) indicates the 
 separation, where a distinct pause must be made; "firm!" 
 the word of execution. The word "firm" should be given 
 in a quick and sharp tone, since the movement is to be 
 done quickly. Head backward bend! Raise! "Bend" 
 and "raise" are done slowly, and the voice must show this. 
 In general foot placings, arm flingings, stretchings, and 
 bendings, facings, march-steps and parts of the jump are 
 given in a quick rhythm. Movements of the trunk, head, 
 arm and heel raising and sinking, knee bending and stretch- 
 ing, all breathing exercises and nearly all balancing move- 
 ments, are given in a slow rhythm. There are a few 
 exceptions, but the grade teacher will find the above rule 
 a safe one. 
 
 Pause. The separation between the two parts of a com- 
 mand is indicated by the dash ( ), when a pause must be 
 made of sufficient length to allow the class to do mentally 
 what it is to do physically, upon the word of execution. 
 The pause secures a quick and uniform response. Do not
 
 INTRODUCTION 17 
 
 allow the class to anticipate by a movement, the word of 
 execution, else the power of control is not being trained, a 
 factor as important as quickness of response. The move- 
 ment is done upon the word of execution and only then. 
 
 Starting Position and Movement Proper. The exer- 
 cises are composed usually of two parts, the "starting 
 position" and the "movement proper" of the exercise. In 
 the lower grades the physical difficulty of the exercise is 
 mainly influenced by the starting position. Coordination 
 is trained in executing this position, though the hygienic 
 value is at a minimum. The corrective value and the 
 physiological effects of nutrition, circulation, respiration, 
 digestion, etc., are found in the movement proper of the 
 exercise, and these movements must be repeated the 
 requisite number of times to produce the required results 
 upon the part of the body to which they are especially 
 referred. The movement proper is printed in italics. Thus, 
 in the balance exercise of the fourth day's order, first year: 
 
 Neck firm! Feet sideways place! One! Two! Heels 
 raise! Sink! 
 
 " Xeck firm! Feet sideways place! One! Two!" is 
 the starting position. "Heels raise! Sink!" 1 is the move- 
 ment proper. 
 
 The starting position must not be held throughout the 
 exercise, if it is of such a nature that a good position is not 
 maintained. This is shown in the balance exercises of the 
 ninth day's order, first year: 
 
 Xeck firm and left foot forward place! Heels raise! 
 Sink! Feet change! Etc. 
 
 "Neck firm!" is a hard position for that grade to hold 
 
 2
 
 18 INTRODUCTION 
 
 well, when an exercise is given requiring a change of feet. 
 It is better to bring the arms down before the movement 
 is taken with the changed position of the feet. This rule 
 is general. 
 
 Combined Movements. Combined movements are com- 
 posed of a number of single movements united under one 
 command. They may be of like parts or of different parts 
 of the body. Arm stretchings of the arm and foot placings 
 of the leg are given as combined movements. Arms side- 
 ways and upward stretch! Left foot placing forward and 
 sideways go! Hips firm and feet close! Arms side- 
 ways stretch, and feet sideways place! are examples of 
 this class. The order exercises, after the "eleventh day's 
 order," are of this kind. Many of the starting positions are 
 given as combinations, where different parts of the body 
 move at the same time, executed either in the same or in 
 a different number of counts. An example of this is found 
 in. the lateral trunk exercise of the tenth day's order, first 
 year: 
 
 Hips firm and feet sideways place! has one count for 
 the hands and two for the feet. The rule is general that in 
 an uneven number of counts the last count or counts 
 take the combined movement. The teacher must keep in 
 mind that in exercises of this kind the pause must be of 
 sufficient length to enable the class to understand clearly 
 the combination. The length varies with the grade, the 
 amount of previous training, and with the difficulty of the 
 exercise. 
 
 Series. Exercises or movements in series are done by 
 successively repeating the same, either a certain number
 
 INTRODUCTION 19 
 
 of times indicated in the command, or until some signal to 
 stop is given. The terms "halt !" or "class halt !" are the 
 common ones used to end a series. When "class halt!" is 
 given, two counts at least are allowed to finish. The 
 rhythm of the command to halt should be the same as in the 
 series. Marching, marking time, quick time, and spring 
 jumps belong to series work. The stimulating value of 
 series exercise is great. They are given quite extensively 
 in the upper grades, where the correct form of the move- 
 ment has been previously secured. 
 
 Counting. Counting may generally be used in repeating 
 an exercise or a movement. It is in many cases desirable, 
 not only for economizing the time, but to give variety to 
 the commands. The time element in the class room is a 
 very important factor. The words "repeat" or "the 
 same" followed by the counts in the rhythm of the move- 
 ment, may also be substituted for the words of the com- 
 mand. Thus, in the balance exercise of the fifth day's 
 order, first year: 
 
 Neck firm! Heels raise! Sink! Raise! Sink! or 
 Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Also in the breathing exercise of the third day's order: 
 
 Arms sideways raise! Sink! With deep breathing 
 repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Always count for the breathing exercises after having 
 first given the movement to command. Always count for 
 the jump. It is better for the teacher to do the most of 
 the counting in the first year; in the second and in the third 
 years the class may count with the teacher or alone; the 
 higher grades may work without loud counting, if their
 
 20 INTRODUCTION 
 
 sense of rhythm has been well trained. In the four upper 
 grades it is advisable to vary the rhythm from the common 
 rhythm of that particular movement, but in no case should 
 it be so fast that the form is sacrificed. The time should 
 also occasionally be changed in the lower grades, as a 
 careful training in this is essential. 
 
 Balancing an Exercise. If an exercise is unilateral, it 
 must be balanced i. e., the same movement must be given 
 under like conditions to both sides of the bod}-. For 
 example, in the leg exercise of the third day's order, first 
 year : 
 
 Left foot forward place! Replace! Right foot forward- 
 place! Replace! Left foot forward place! Replace! Right 
 foot forward place! Replace! or, Left foot forward place! 
 Replace! Left foot forward place! Replace! Right foot 
 forward place! Replace! Rigid foot forward place! Re- 
 place! Also in the balance exercise: 
 
 Neck firm and left foot forward place! Heels raise! 
 Sink! Heels raise! Sink! Feet change! Heels raise! 
 Sink! Heeh raise! Sink! Position. 
 
 The movement is usually executed with the left side, or 
 toward the left, first, but it is well occasionally to reverse 
 this order. For convenience these lessons are arranged, 
 designating "left" first. The word in parenthesis (left) 
 or (right) indicates that the same movement is to be 
 done with that segment, in that direction, or to that 
 side, as in the order exercise of the third clay's order, 
 first year: 
 
 1 side step to left (right] march! or 1 side step to left- 
 march! 1 side step to right march!
 
 INTRODUCTION 21 
 
 Formation. The greatest working space in the 
 ordinary class-room is given when the pupils stand 
 between the desks. The class should be arranged 
 with the shortest ones in front. It is difficult to see 
 the faults of the smaller pupils when they are not 
 placed according to height. In many exercises requiring 
 the arms stretched sideways, the hands of the neighboring 
 pupils touch. If a diagonal formation is given, this diffi- 
 culty disappears: "Half left face." It is necessary in 
 giving side steps and in some of the jumps to give first 
 "left (or right) face." For convenience the class may be 
 faced in any direction, but it should not be kept for 
 any length of time facing the strong light from windows. 
 Some positions are better seen from the rear, as "neck 
 firm," some from the side, as "trunk forward bend." 
 Do not always teach from the front of the room; move 
 about. 
 
 Position. The word "position" is used to bring the class 
 to the fundamental standing position from any position 
 other than "in place rest" or "rest."' After the rest posi- 
 tion, the word "attention" is used. The word "position" 
 unqualified brings to the fundamental standing position 
 in the quickest and shortest way. It is used in connection 
 with the starting position more often than with the move- 
 ment proper. It is usually best to bring back to the funda- 
 mental position in the same way that the movement was 
 taken, and therefore it is advisable, in the absence of 
 special instruction, to indicate before the word "position," 
 if other than the shortest way is desired. In general no 
 such instructions are given in the lessons, but must be
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 supplied by the teacher. This is illustrated in the balance 
 exercise of the sixth day's order, first year: 
 
 Arms sideways stretch! One! Two! Feet sidewayr, 
 place! One! Two! Heels raise! Sink! Feet together 
 place! One! Two! In two counts position! (Arms 
 downward stretch !) 
 
 In place rest! Always bring the class to the funda- 
 mental standing position before giving "In place rest!'' 
 This must be given at the close of each class of exercises 
 i.e., between the order and the leg, between the leg and 
 the head, etc. The rest position must not be held too long; 
 three or four seconds are usually long enough, unless some 
 explanation of the exercise is necessary. When a new 
 movement is first given, or when a faulty position cannot 
 be corrected in a few words, give the rest position, in order 
 that the movement may be illustrated or more fully 
 explained. Never illustrate, give a long explanation, or 
 ask a question while the class stands at "attention," or in 
 any position other than the "rest"' position, though short 
 explanations in the nature of corrections may be given in 
 the upper grades. Better results are obtained when strict 
 mental attention and its accompanying physical positions 
 are expected and demanded in an exercise. These cannot 
 be given by the pupil when the teacher is illustrating, is 
 giving a long explanation, or requires an answer to some 
 question. The attention during the illustration should be 
 concentrated upon the demonstration, and in order that 
 this may be done the pupil must be free to move within 
 certain limits, that he may see clearly. It is not pedagog- 
 ical to insist upon a certain thing and then to make the
 
 INTRODUCTION 23 
 
 conditions such that it is impossible to accomplish that 
 thing. What we want is satisfactory physical positions 
 in small doses, attention in small doses. The physical 
 "position" is the mental "attention," and both must have 
 their quick and accurate response. Words of caution and 
 class correction are constantly needed while the class is 
 working. 
 
 Manner. The standing position of the teacher while 
 conducting a lesson should be an active one i. e., standing 
 firmly upon both feet with the head in a good position ; it 
 is not, however, a stiff attitude. The manner before the 
 class greatly influences the power of the commands and 
 the response to them. It is very suggestive to the class 
 and cannot but react upon it. 
 
 Preparation. The lesson must be perfectly learned and 
 each movement should carry with it an appreciation of the 
 feeling of such movement. This trained feeling governs 
 the correct length of time the position is to be held, the 
 number of times the movement is to be repeated, and it 
 also decides the rhythm. The psychological, as well as 
 the physiological, results to be gained from each exercise, 
 also those to be gained from the lesson as a whole, must 
 be kept in mind. 
 
 Instruction. The teacher should be able to analyze an 
 exercise or a movement and intelligently to develop the 
 same from its parts. This is necessary in all new movements 
 and in all new combinations. Besides the description, it 
 is best to give an accurate demonstration of the movement, 
 since by uniting the two a double association is formed, 
 sight and hearing, the former usually the stronger of the
 
 24 INTRODUCTION 
 
 two. A practical illustration is hotter than a long explana- 
 tion. Give all the aids which the age and development 
 of the child demand. 
 
 Distribution. \Yhen a new movement is difficult, more 
 time may be given to it at first than is allowed later. Each 
 has its special place, and a uniformity of time for each will 
 result in the desired totality. Simply because the class 
 does one exercise better than the others, is no reason why 
 that particular one should be limited. It has its own 
 special place and value and no other class of exercises in 
 the lesson can be substituted. 
 
 Correction of Faults. There are several ways of correct- 
 ing faulty positions. The most general one is by class 
 correction, "heads up!" "palms down!" "fingers close!" 
 "heels together!" This is often sufficient in correcting a 
 general class error, and is also used in correcting an indi- 
 vidual, especially if the pupil is not within easy reach. It 
 is not best in making an individual correction to indicate 
 the pupil by name, since this has a tendency to direct the 
 attention of the class toward the one at fault, at least in 
 the lower grades, ("lass corrections must be given in as 
 few words as possible. Manual corrections, where the 
 teacher assists the pupil to a correct position, are often a 
 necessity. The untrained muscular sense of the required 
 position, or the physical inability to take that position 
 unaided, are common faults. Where a majority of the class 
 does not understand the movement, it is best to make the 
 correction by illustration, by explanation, or both. For 
 this purpose the class must be in the rest position. Train 
 the eye to see and the ear to hear the faults quickly, and
 
 INTRODUCTION 25 
 
 correct the major ones first. All cannot be corrected at 
 one time, or in one lesson, and the teacher must often be 
 temporarily satisfied with approximately good positions. 
 Always insist upon the best position of the head that the 
 pupil is able to give. Have an ideal standard for all exer- 
 cises and work toward it, but recognize the fact that there 
 is an individual standard for each pupil which must not be 
 ignored. It is a movable one, however, and should advance 
 toward the ideal.
 
 p IG 2. FEET CLOSE. HIPS FIRM. 
 
 (26)
 
 PART I. 
 
 FIRST YEAR. 
 
 0*7)
 
 FIG. 3. HEAD BACKWARD BEND. 
 
 28 )
 
 FIRST YEAR 29 
 
 FIRST DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Attention! Class stand! One! Two! Three! 
 
 Order. Class attention! Left foot in place rest! Fig. 1. 
 
 Leg. Class attention! Feet close! Feet open! Right 
 
 foot in place rest! Fig. 2. 
 Head. Head backward bend! Raise! Fig. 3. 
 Arm. Hips firm! Position! Fig. 2. 
 Breathing. Deep breathing one! Two! 
 Class sit! One! Two! Three! Rest! 
 
 In sitting, "attention" means to sit well back in the seat, 
 but not to lean against it, back erect, hands on top of the desk. 
 Class stand! One! Two! Three! On " one" bring the hands 
 to the sides; on " two," the left or right foot into the aisle; on 
 "three," stand in the fundamental position. 
 
 Order. Class attention ! brings to the fundamental stand- 
 ing position, which is: heels together and toes turned out, knees 
 straight, body erect, with chest high, head up and hips back, 
 arms straight at the sides, fingers straight and close together, 
 palms toward the body. "Class attention!" is always given 
 after "In place rest!" to call the class to the fundamental 
 standing position, before proceeding with the next exercise. 
 Do not say "attention" when the class is in the fundamental 
 position. 
 
 Left footin place rest .' Place the left or right foot diagonally 
 forward and stand at ease, but never in a lounging position. 
 Do not give the rest position with one foot more often than 
 with the other. "In place rest " must always be given after 
 each exercise after the order, the leg, the head, etc. It is 
 always taken from the fundamental standing position.
 
 30 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Leg. Feet close! Bring the inner sides of the foet together. 
 In doing this, raise the balls of the feet and use the heels as 
 pivots. The feet must not slide along the floor; the heels must 
 be kept together; there should be as little motion of the body 
 as possible. 
 
 Head. Head backward bend! Start by pulling the chin 
 back and then bend the head back as far as possible without 
 relaxing the neck muscles. In raising the head, stop at the 
 highest point. "Head backward bend" may be given in a 
 lesson whenever it is needed to correct a bad head position. 
 
 Ann. Hips firm! Place the hands upon the hips, thumbs 
 back, fingers together, to the front and pointing obliquely 
 downward, wrist straight and elbows back. Position! brings 
 to the fundamental standing position. 
 
 Breathing. On "one" inhale, on "two" exhale. Give 
 this movement, always in the rhythm of deep breathing, 
 several times. The arms may be turned, palms forward, as 
 the breath is taken in. 
 
 Class sit! One! Two! Three! On "one" place the foot 
 toward the seat, on "two" sit, on "three" take the funda- 
 mental position, which is the position of attention. 
 
 "Rest!" is the word for ending the lesson. Sit at ease.
 
 FIRST YEAR 31 
 
 SECOND DAY'S ORDER, 
 
 Order. Class attention! Left foot in place rest! 
 
 Leg. Left (right) foot sideivays place! Replace! 
 
 Head. Hips firm! Head backward bend! Raise! Posi- 
 tion! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward bend! Downward stretch! Fig. 4. 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left foot sideways place! Heels 
 raise! Sink! Foot replace! Position! 
 
 Back. Xeck firm! Position! Fig. 5. N^ 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways raise! Deep breathing one! 
 Two! Arms sink! Fig. 6. 
 
 Leg. Left foot sideways place ! Place the left foot directly 
 to the left one foot length, keeping the original angle of the 
 feet, the weight of the body equally between the feet. 
 
 Foot replace! Press off with the ball of the left foot by 
 slightly extending the ankle and bring the foot back to the 
 original position. 
 
 Arm. Arms upward bend! Turn the palms of the hand 
 out and flex the forearm upon the upper arm, keeping the 
 elbows close to the sides; the tips of the fingers rest upon the 
 shoulders and in the same lateral plane. This movement 
 in the lower grades is done in a moderately slow rhythm to 
 insure a correct position of what might otherwise easily be a 
 faulty one. 
 
 Arms downward stretch! Stretch the arms forcibly down- 
 ward with the fingers leading. 
 
 Balance. Heels raise! Lift the heels, rising as high on 
 the toes as possible, keeping the heels together and the body
 
 FIG. 4. ARMS UPWARD BEND.
 
 FIG. 5. XECK FIRM. 
 3 
 
 (33)
 
 34 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 from swaying. Take a point as an eyemark directly in front 
 and a little above the eye. This should be done in all balance 
 movements. Balance exercises as such should be done in a 
 slow rhythm, for if quickened they take more the nature of 
 leg or of abdominal exercises. 
 
 Back. Neck firm! Bring the hands quickly to the back 
 of the neck, fingers and thumbs held as in the fundamental 
 position. The tips of the opposite fingers just touch; the 
 elbows are flexed to the limit and point directly to the sides, 
 the upper arms on a height with the shoulders. 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways raise! Keeping the arms per- 
 fectly straight, as in the fundamental position, raise slowly 
 directly toward the sides to the height of the shoulders; both 
 arms must be on the same level, palms toward the floor. 
 
 Deep breathing one! Two! The arms will move slightly, 
 with the breathing, but it is not best to call the attention of 
 the class to this fact, else the movement is apt to be exag- 
 gerated.
 
 FIRST YEAR 35 
 
 THIRD DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. I step to left (right) march! One! Two! Guide- 
 front ! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot forward (backward) 
 place! Replace! Position! 
 
 Head. Hips firm! Left (right) foot sideways place! 
 Head backward bend! Raise! Foot replace! Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward bend! Sideways stretch! Bend! 
 Downward stretch! Fig. 6. 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Heels raise! Sink! Position! 
 
 Back. Xeck firm! Hips firm! Change! Position! 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways raise ! Sink ! With deep 
 breath ing repeat ! One ! Two ! 
 
 Order. 1 step to left march ! Place the left foot sideways 
 on "one." Bring the right foot to the left with the heels 
 together on "two." The counts must not follow each other 
 too quickly in the lower grades. 
 
 Guide front! Stand directly behind the one in front at 
 the correct distance, which is between the seats. This com- 
 mand may be given whenever the class is out of alignment. 
 
 Leg. Left foot forward (backward) place! Place the left 
 foot directly forward one and one-half foot lengths, keeping 
 the original angle of the feet with the weight equally dis- 
 tributed between both. Backward placing is the same in the 
 opposite direction. Be careful that the shoulders are square 
 to the front. In replacing the foot, press off with the ball, 
 slightly extending the ankle.
 
 3<i GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways stretch! First turn the forearm so 
 that the fingers point directly toward the sides, and then 
 quickly and forcibly extend the arms in that direction; they 
 should be on a height with the shoulders, not in front of the 
 shoulder-joints; the palms should be turned toward the floor, 
 unless otherwise indicated in the command. All arm exer- 
 cises when correctly done have a beneficial influence upon the 
 chest and upper back muscles. They are corrective. 
 
 Balance. I feels raise! Rise as high on the toes as pos- 
 sible, at the same time keeping the heels together. Avoid 
 swaying the body. 
 
 Breathing. With deep breathing repeat! One! Two! 
 Breathe in deeply as the arms are raised; breathe out as the 
 arms are lowered, to the counts of "one," "two." In breath- 
 ing exercises, give the movement first by command and then 
 by counts. The command "with deep breathing" may pre- 
 cede the word "repeat." Be exceedingly careful of the 
 rhythm and never hold the position at the end of an inhalation 
 while corrections are being made. If corrections are to be 
 made, the time to do so is lief ore the command "with deep 
 breathing" is given. The arm movement is a mechanical aid 
 in breathing.
 
 FIG. 6. ARMS SIDEWAYS STRETCH ARMS SIDEWAYS RAISE. 
 
 (37)
 
 38 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FOURTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. I step forward (backward) march! One! Two! 
 Leg. Hips firm! Feet sideways place! Left! Right! 
 
 Feet together place! Left! Right! Knees bend! Stretch! 
 
 Position! 
 Head. Hips firm! Head to left (right) twist! Forward 
 
 twist ! Position ! 
 Arm. Arms sideways stretch! One! Two! Repeat! One! 
 
 Two! Downward stretch! One! Two! 
 Balance. Neck firm! Feet sideways place! One! Two! 
 
 Heels raise! Sink! Feet together place! Position! 
 Back. Left hip- firm! Right neck firm! Hands change! 
 
 Change! Position. 
 Breathing. Arms sideways and heeb- -raise! Arms and 
 
 heels sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward)- march! One! Two! 
 Place the left foot forward on "one." Bring the right to the 
 left, with heels together, on "two." 
 
 Leg. Feet side ways place! Left! Right! Place the left 
 foot directly to the left one foot length on "left." Place the 
 right foot to the right one foot length on "right." There 
 should be no unnecessary movement of the body, and the 
 weight should be equally distributed between both feet. 
 
 Feet together place! First the left and then the right foot 
 is brought to the starting position. 
 
 Knees bend! Bend the knees to an obtuse angle, keeping 
 the heels on the floor, the knees apart and the body erect.
 
 FIRST YEAR 39 
 
 Head. Head to left twist! Turn the head slowly to the 
 left as far as possible without moving the shoulders. Keep 
 the chin in the same parallel plane with the floor as in the 
 fundamental standing position. 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways stretch! One! Two! Bend the arms 
 upward on "one," stretch sideways on "two." In all arm 
 extensions the bend is usually taken on the first count. Keep 
 in mind that the bend is a slower movement than the stretch, 
 therefore there is more emphasis placed upon the second 
 count than upon the first. 
 
 Back. Arms change! Make the movement upon the 
 word "change." when the left hand is placed at the back of 
 the neck and the right hand upon the hip. 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways and heels raise! This is an 
 easy combined movement and like all in this class, besides 
 being easy of coordination, is easy physically. 
 
 Deep breathing with the arm movement only may be given 
 to end the lesson.
 
 FIG. 7. ARMS FOHWAHD STRETCH. ARMS FORWARD RAISE. 
 (40)
 
 FIRST YEAR 41 
 
 FIFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Left (right) face! One! Two! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot outward place ! Re- 
 place! Position! 
 
 Head. Head rotation one! Two! Three! Four! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward bend! Forward stretch! Bend! 
 Stretch! Downward stretch! One! Two! Fig. 7. 
 
 Balance. Neck firm! Heels raise! Sink! Position! 
 
 Back. Hips firm! Feet sideways place! One! Two! 
 Trunk forward bend! Raise! Feet together place! 
 Position! Fig. 8. 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways raise! Arms turn! Arms 
 upward raise! Sideways sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 Arms turn! Sink! Fig. 12. 
 
 Order. Left (right) face ! One ! Two ! Lift the toes of the 
 left foot and turn ninety degrees to the left, using the left heel 
 as a pivot on "one." Bring the right foot to the left in the 
 fundamental standing position on "two." As soon as the 
 turn is made on the left heel, the whole of the left foot is 
 placed upon the floor and the weight of the body is transferred 
 to that foot. 
 
 Right face! is done on the right heel, turning toward the 
 right ninety degrees. The facings are rather difficult and, 
 therefore, must be taught very carefully, but they are of so 
 much value in formations and so convenient in teaching that 
 it is advisable to introduce them early. When left and right
 
 42 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 facings arc once learned , half and about facings arc- also 
 learned. 
 
 Leg. Left foot outward place! Place the left foot diag- 
 onally forward left one and one-half foot lengths; the toes 
 should point in the same direction as in the fundamental 
 standing position. Guard against a twisting of the trunk. 
 
 Head. Head rotation one! Two! Three! Four! Turn 
 the head to the left on "one," to the front on "two," to the 
 right on "three." to the front on "four." 
 
 Arm. Forward stretch! Stretch the arms directly for- 
 ward, fingers leading, on a height with the shoulders. Care 
 must be taken that the shoulder-blades and the hips are kept 
 back. This movement is very liable to faults and must be 
 watched. 
 
 Back. Trunk forward bend! Bend the trunk forward 
 from the hips; keep the head well up; the face should be 
 toward the front and not toward the floor. The spine should 
 be straight and the shoulder-blades well back. 
 
 Breathing. Arms turn! Arms upward raise! Turn the 
 hands so that the palms are up. This is the starting position 
 for the breathing exercise. Raise the arms directly upward 
 toward the head, at the same time keeping the head well back.
 
 TIG. 8. TRUNK FORWARD BEND. 
 
 (43)
 
 44 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Left face! One! Two! 2 side steps to left (right) 
 march! One! Two! One! Two! Right face! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot backward-outward 
 place! Replace! Position! 
 
 Head. Hips firm! Head to left (right) bend! Raise! 
 Position ! 
 
 Arm. Anns upward bend! Backward stretch! Bend! 
 Stretch! Downward stretch! One! Two! Fig. 9. 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways stretch! One! Two! Feet 
 sideways place! One! Two! Heels raise! Sink! 
 Feet together place! One! Two! Position! One! 
 Two! 
 
 Back. Hips firm! Trunk forward bend! Raise! Posi- 
 tion! 
 
 Breathing. With palms up, arms sideways raise! Arms 
 upward raise and knees bend! Anns sideways sink and 
 knees stretch ! Repeat! One! Two! Arms downward- 
 sink! 
 
 Order. 2 side steps to left march! One! Two! One! 
 Two! Two side steps to left is done by taking one side step 
 to left twice in succession, counting one; .two, one, two or 
 one, two, three, four. 
 
 Leg. Lefl foot backward-outward place! Place the left 
 foot diagonally backward one and one-half foot lengths, half 
 way between backward and sideways. Keep the same angle 
 of the feet as in the fundamental standing position.
 
 FIG. 9. ARMS BACKWARD STRETCH 
 
 (45)
 
 46 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Head. Head to left bend! Slowly bond the head diag- 
 onally to the left without any twisting. The fare should look 
 in the same direction as in the starting position. There should 
 be no movement of the shoulders. 
 
 Arm. Anns backward stretch! Stretch the arms back- 
 ward, fingers leading, wrists straight, arms toward each other. 
 There should be no movement of the head or shoulders.
 
 FIG. 10. ARMS TO STAR POSITION STRETCH. 
 
 (47)
 
 4S GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER, 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward) march! One! Two! 
 Three! Guide left (right)! Front! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm and feet close! Left (right) foot forward 
 place! Replace! Hands down and feet open! or 
 Position! 
 
 Head. Hips firm! Head to left (right) bend! Head- 
 raise! Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward bend! Arms to star position 
 stretcJi! Bend! Stretch! Downward stretch! Fig. 10. 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways stretch! Heels raise! Sink! 
 Arms downward stretch! or, In two counts position! 
 
 Back. Arm* forward bend! Position! Fig. 11. 
 
 Breathing. With palms up, arms sideways raise! Arms 
 upward and heels raise! Arms sideways and heels 
 sink! Repeat! One! Two! Arms downward sink! 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward) march! One! Two! 
 Three! Place the left foot forward on "one," the right foot 
 forward on " two," and bring the left foot to the right with the 
 heels together on "three." 
 
 Guide left! Turn the head to the left and stand in the 
 same plane as the pupil on the extreme left, or on a line with 
 some indicated object. Front! brings the head again toward 
 the front. This command, or " Guide front !" maybe given 
 whenever poor alignment makes it necessary. 
 
 Leg. Hips firm and feet close! A combined movement 
 of the hands and the feet, taken as a starting position for the
 
 FIG. 11. ARMS FORWARD BEND. 
 
 (49)
 
 50 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 leg movement proper. Both the hands and the feet move 
 together and take but one count. When only one count is 
 required in combinations, the count is omitted, as the word 
 of command is sufficient. 
 
 Left foot forward place! Place the left foot directly forward 
 one and one-half foot lengths, keeping the toes pointing for- 
 ward. 
 
 Position ! (Hands down and feet open !) It is better at first 
 to signify both parts of the body to be moved. Later the 
 word "position" is sufficient. Hereafter in an exercise when 
 only the word "position" is used, keep in mind and give a 
 fuller command if necessary. 
 
 Arm. Arms to star position stretch! Stretch the arms 
 diagonally sideways-upward, keeping the palms toward each 
 other and the arms well back. This position is easier than 
 and preparatory to arm stretching upward. Keep the head 
 up. 
 
 Balance. In two counts position! If "position" is to be 
 taken in two counts, signify this either by some previous 
 direction, or by words of caution, preceding the word of 
 execution. "Position" unqualified brings to the fundamental 
 standing position in the most direct way. For some move- 
 ments the most direct way is in two counts. It is usual to 
 bring back to the fundamental position in the same manner 
 that the exercise was taken, but this is by no means a fixed 
 rule. In the higher grades it is often well to vary. 
 
 Back. Arms forward bend! Bend the arms at the elbows 
 to their limit, bringing the arms at the same time up in front 
 of the chest shoulder high, the elbows pointing to the sides 
 and slightly back; the palms should be down, wrists straight, 
 and fingers not touching the opposite hand. The back of the 
 hand should be held so that a marble placed upon it would 
 not roll off.
 
 FIG. 12. ARMS UPWARD STRETCH. 
 
 (51)
 
 52 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Half left (right} face! One! Two! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right] toes raise! Sink! Posi- 
 tion! 
 
 Head. Hips firm! Head to left (right) twist! To left 
 (right) bend! Raise! Forward twist! Position! 
 
 Arm. Anns upward bend! Slowly upward stretch! 
 Bend! Stretch! Downward stretch! Fig. 12. 
 
 Balance. Hips firm and left foot forward place! Heels- 
 raise! Sink! Feet change! Heels raise! Sink! 
 Position! 
 
 Back. Arms sideways fling! Arm rotation one! Two! 
 Position! 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways-upward raise ! Sideways- 
 downward sink! Repeat! One! Tiro! 
 
 Order. Half left face! One! Tiro! In the same general 
 way as left and right facings, half facings are done; the turn, 
 however, is only 45. 
 
 Leg. Left toes raise! Raise the toes of the left foot, keep- 
 ing the same angle of the feet, the heels together and firmly 
 on the floor; there should be no unnecessary swaying of the 
 body. 
 
 Head. Head to left twist! To left bend! This is a com- 
 bination of a twist and a bend. The rotated head is bent 
 toward the shoulder-blade. 
 
 Arm. Arms upward stretch! Stretch the arms directly 
 upward, fingers leading. The arms should be perfectly straight
 
 FIRST YEAR 53 
 
 and close to the head, parallel and well back, the palms toward 
 each other. Above all, keep the head up and back. If the 
 arms cannot take the correct position, at the same time keep- 
 ing the desired head position, it is better to sacrifice the posi- 
 tion of the arms rather than that of the head. In this case, 
 allow the pupils to take the star position of the arms, or some 
 variation between it and upward stretch. Later and gradually 
 a more vertical position may be safely demanded. The move- 
 ment should be taken slowly at first. 
 
 Balance. Feet change! One! Two! Replace the left 
 foot on "one." Place the right foot forward on "two." 
 
 Back. Arms sideways fling! Raise the arms sideways as 
 quickly as possible. "Fling" indicates a quick movement. 
 
 Armrotation one! Two! Turn the arms with the palms 
 up on "one." Turn the arms to the starting position with 
 palms down on "two." 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways-upward raise! On a height 
 with the shoulder, turn the arms, bringing the palms up, but 
 make the turning without any pause at the turning point. 
 
 Sideways-downward sink! On a height with the shoulder, 
 turn the arms, bringing the palms down, which is the reverse 
 of raising the arms. 
 
 Repeat! One! Two! The arms are raised all the way up 
 on "one," and brought all the way down on "two."
 
 54 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Left (right) face! Half left (right) face! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left toes raise! Alternate toe raising 
 right! Left! or, one! Two! Toes sink! Position! 
 
 Head. Hips firm! Head to left (right) twist! Back- 
 ward bend! Raise! Forward twist! Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms tideways stretch! Forward stretch! Down- 
 ward stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm and left foot forward place! Heels 
 raise! Sink! Feet change! Resume. Position! 
 
 Back. Arms sideways fling! Arm circling one! Two! 
 Position! 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways-upward raise! Arms side- 
 ways-downward sink ! Repeat ! One ! Two ! 
 
 Leg. Alternate toe raising one! Two! As the left toes are 
 lowered the right toes are raised, the movement being done in 
 one count. Guard against increasing the rhythm, a tendency 
 especially when the movement is done in series. The normal 
 rhythm is that of marching, but any may be taken, so long 
 as it is kept. 
 
 Head. Head to left twist! Backward bend! This exer- 
 cise combines the head rotation with the backward bend. If 
 the rotation is toward the left, bend the head backward toward 
 the right shoulder. 
 
 Balance. Feet change! Resume. After the change of 
 feet, the movement proper is to be given in the same way, if a 
 balance, front or back exercise; in the opposite direction if
 
 FIRST YEAR 55 
 
 a lateral trunk; and the same number of times as in the first 
 starting position. The same rule governs when the start- 
 ing position requires a change of arm position. The word 
 "resume" always indicates this and refers to the movement 
 proper. 
 
 Back. Arms circling one! Two! Execute a circling 
 motion with the arms by raising them slightly, carrying them 
 backward and then downward to the starting position. The 
 shoulder-joint is at the apex of the cone described by the arms; 
 the palms remain downward. If a deep breath is taken at the 
 beginning of the movement, they will make nearly the correct 
 motion; they must not be brought forward of or below the 
 starting position. 
 
 In the first nine lessons a special head exercise is introduced, 
 after which it is omitted, but it is advisable to begin all lessons 
 with a backward bending of the head. It is well also to give 
 this movement whenever it is needed throughout the lesson 
 to correct a faulty position of the head. All lateral trunk 
 bendings and twistings may be preceded by head bendings or 
 twistings.
 
 56 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Left (right) about-face! One! Two! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Alternate heel and toe raising one! 
 Two! Three! Four ! or, Heels raise! Sink! Toes 
 raise! Sink! 
 
 Arm. Anus backward stretch! Upward stretch! Down- 
 ward stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways fling and left (right) foot forward 
 place! Heels raise! Sink! Position! 
 
 Front. Hips firm! Trunk backward bend! Raise! For- 
 ward bend! Raise! Position! Fig. 13. 
 
 Back. Arms sideways raise! Arms turn! Half side- 
 ways bend! Position! Fig. 14. 
 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and feet sideways place! One! 
 Two! Trunk to left (right) bend! Raise! Hands down 
 and feet together place! One! Two! or, Position! One! 
 Two! Fig. 15. 
 
 Jump. Mark time mark! Left! Right! or. One! Two! 
 Classhalt! One! Two! 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways-upward and heels raise! 
 Arms and heels sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Order. Left about face! One! Two! In the same general 
 way as left and right facings, about facings are done. The 
 turn is 180 instead of 00. A little more time should be 
 allowed between the counts, one and two. than in the 90 
 turn.
 
 FIG. 13. TRUNK BACKWARD BEND. 
 
 (57)
 
 58 GYMNASTIC 1 EXERCISES 
 
 Fon 
 
 eg, Alternate tied and toe raisiny one! Two! Three! 
 r! Raise the heels on "one," lower them on "two," raise 
 the toes on "three," lower them on "four." Raising on the 
 heels is more difficult of adjustment than raising on the toes, 
 therefore make the heel raising a little slower and the time of 
 holding the position a little shorter. 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways fling and left foot forward place ! 
 This is an easy combination; the movement is done with cue 
 count. 
 
 Front. Trunk backward bend! Bend the trunk slightly 
 backward, localizing the bend in the upper part of the back 
 and not in the lower part, where it often happens that there is 
 an excess curve. This exercise is of great value to the upper 
 part of the trunk, where the chest is apt to be flat and the 
 shoulders stooped. The muscles on the front of the body, the 
 abdominal muscles, act as steadying muscles to prevent motion 
 at the waist and hips. They are strengthened and at the same 
 time the internal organs are stimulated. As this is a difficult 
 position, it cannot be held long; especially is this true in the 
 lower grades. The head should go with the trunk. If the 
 majority of children in the first, or in the second years cannot 
 take this exercise without marked faults, it is better to omit 
 it entirely. In taking it in these grades, there should only be 
 a lifting of the chest and a slight lowering of the shoulders, 
 such as might result from taking a deep breath. 
 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend! Bend the forearms, mak- 
 ing a right angle at the elbows with the upper arms; the palms 
 should be facing each other; the elbows the same height as the 
 shoulders and in the same lateral plane. 
 
 Lateral trunk. Trunk to left bend! Slowly bend the 
 trunk directly to the left, without any rotation of the shoulders 
 or of the head; the head and shoulders remain in the same 
 relative position to each other as in the fundamental standing 
 position; keep both feet firmly on the floor. The starting 
 position is a combined movement, requiring one count for the 
 hands and two for the feet.
 
 FIG. 14. ARMS HALF I'IDKWAYS BEND. 
 
 (59)
 
 GO GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 IJips firm and feet sideways place! Place the left foot to 
 the left on "one," place the hands on the hips and the right 
 foot to the right on " two." The rule for "position" has been 
 previously given. 
 
 Jump. Mark time mark! Left! Riyht! or, One! Two! 
 Swing the left foot forward from the hip, about one-half the 
 length of the foot and bring back to its original position on 
 "one ;" swing the right in the same way on " two." It is better 
 at first to say "left," "right," rather than "one," "two," as 
 this helps the class to keep in step. Always begin marking 
 time and marching with the left foot. Marking time is pre- 
 paratory to marching, it is easier to keep the correct rhythm 
 and also to keep in step than marching. The last is rather 
 difficult for small children. We may get a uniform rhythm, 
 but we must not expect too early a uniform step. 
 
 Class halt! Better results are obtained when the halt is 
 taken in two counts instead of in one. Especially is this true 
 with the younger classes; it is not such a sudden stop. Two 
 counts are given to end a series and for the same reason. The 
 command "halt" stops the exercise at once. 
 
 "Mark time" may always follow the jump. It is good 
 training for inarching. Marching is not given in these lessons, 
 since there cannot be much variety when the work is done in 
 the classroom. For this reason and because the rooms are so 
 different in construction, the marching may be left to the 
 discretion of the classroom teacher. It is advisable to give 
 marching whenever there is time and where the conditions 
 are such as to allow it. Marching may begin a lesson, while 
 the windows are first opened or it may follow the jump. A 
 run would be beneficial, but the conditions often make this 
 impossible*. The command "Forward dress!" is given in 
 marching to regulate the distance between the pupils. The 
 arms are raised forward as in "arms forward raise," the tips 
 of the fingers just touching the pupil in front; each pupil 
 stands directly behind the one in front. The command "Take 
 distance!" is sometimes used.
 
 FIG. 15. TRUNK SIDEWAYS BEXD.
 
 62 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Half left (right) face! Left (right) face! Left 
 
 (right) about face! 
 Leg. Neck firm and feet sideways place! One! Two! 
 
 Knees bend! Stretch! Hands down and feet together 
 
 place! One! Two! or, Position! One! Two! 
 Arm. Arms sideways and downward stretch ! One ! Two I 
 
 One! Two! Repeat! One! etc. By flinging, anns 
 
 change! Change! 
 Balance. Hips firm and left foot outward place! Heels 
 
 raise! Sink! Feet change! Resume, Position! 
 Front. Hips firm and feet sideways place! Trunk 
 
 backward bend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward- 
 bend ! Raise f 
 Back. With palms up, arms sideways fling! Half side- 
 
 irays bend! Sideways fling! Bend! Fling! Position! 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and feet sideways place! 
 
 Trunk to left (right) twist! Forward twist! Position! 
 Jump. Prepare to jump one! Two! Three! Four! 
 
 (Heels raise, knees bend, stretch, heels sink.) 
 Breathing. Arms forward raise! Sink! Repeat! One! 
 
 Two! Fig. 7. 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways and downward stretch! This is a 
 combined movement in two directions, both arms being 
 extended in like directions at the same time. 
 
 By flinging, arms change f Change! On the first "change," 
 the arms are quickly raised sideways; on the second, they are
 
 FIRST YEAR 63 
 
 quickly lowered. The counts "One," "two" following the 
 word "repeat" may be used. 
 
 Back. Sideways fling! Straighten the arms quickly to 
 the starting position, being careful not to bring them below 
 the shoulder level. 
 
 Lateral truijk. Trunk to left twist! Twist the trunk 
 slowly toward the left, localizing the movement in the spine. 
 Keep the legs and hips still and the head and shoulders in the 
 same relative position to each other as in the fundamental 
 standing position.
 
 64 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Left face! 1 side step to left (right], 1 side step 
 to right (left) march ! One! Two! One! Two! Right 
 face ! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm and feet sideways place! Heels raise! 
 Sink! Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways and forward stretch! By flinging, 
 arms change! Change! In two counts position! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm and left (right) foot outward place! 
 Heels raise! Sink! Feet change! Resume. Posi- 
 tion! 
 
 Front. Hips firm and feet close! Trunk backward- 
 bend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms forward bend! Half sideways more! Hands 
 turn! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm! Trunk to left (right] bend! 
 Raise! Position! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Prepare to jump one! Two! Three! 
 Four! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward raise and knees bend! Arms 
 sink and knees stretch! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Order. 1 side step to left, 1 side step to right march! This 
 is a combination of side steps. These combined movements 
 are excellent order exercises, but cannot be taken until the 
 single movements have become familiar. In all order exer- 
 cises of this class a more uniform class rhythm is secured if
 
 FIRST YEAR 65 
 
 the heels are brought together with a slight accent. All com- 
 bined movements in this class may first be given by separate 
 command. Do not keep the class too long on order exercises. 
 
 Ann. By flinging, arms change! Change! When the arms 
 are sideways the palms should be down, and toward each 
 other when the arms are forward. 
 
 Back. Half sideways move! Move the forearms sideways 
 until there is a right angle with the upper arm at the elbow, 
 palms down. 
 
 Hands turn ! Turn the hands so that the palms are toward 
 each other. This is the position of "arms half forward 
 bend."
 
 66 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Left faro ! 2 side steps to left (right] , 2 side step* 
 to right (left) march! One! Two! Three! Four! etc. 
 
 Leg. Hips firm and feet sideways place! Heels raise! 
 Knees bend! Stretch! Heels sink! Repeat! One! 
 Two! Three! Four! Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways and backward stretch! By flinging, 
 arms change! Change! Position! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways fling and left (right) foot out- 
 ward place! Heels raise! Sink! Position! 
 
 Front. Hips firm and feet close! Trunk backward bend! 
 Raise! Position! Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm! Trunk to left (right) twist! 
 Forward twist! Position! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place one! Two! Three-four! Five! 
 Six! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward and heels raise! Arms and 
 heels sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Leg. Knees bend! Be careful to keep the trunk erect and 
 the knees apart. 
 
 Jump. Jump in place one! Two! Three-four! Five! 
 Six! Raise the heels on "one," bend the knees on "two," 
 quickly extend the knees and ankles and jump quickly upward, 
 landing in the same place with the knees bent and the heels
 
 FIRST YEAR 67 
 
 raised on "three-four/' stretch the knees on "five/* lower the 
 heels on "six." A pause after "three-four" must be given of 
 sufficient length to allow a good form and steady balance 
 before the knees are stretched.
 
 68 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER 
 
 Order. Left face! 2 side steps to left (right}, 1 side step 
 to right (left) march! One! Two! Three! Four! One! 
 Two! Right face! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Knees bend! Stretch! Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideuwys and star position stretch! By fling- 
 ing, arms change! Position! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm and feet close! Heels raise! Sink! 
 Position 
 
 Front. Neck firm! Trunk backward bend! Raise! 
 Position Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend! Arm rotation one! 
 Two! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and left foot forward place! 
 Trunk to left bend! Raise! Feet change! Resume. 
 Position ! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Alternate upward bending of knees 
 one! Two! Three! Four! Position! Mark time- 
 mark ! 
 
 Breathing, Arms forward raise! Upward raise! For- 
 ward xink! Arm raising upward one! Two! Arm? 
 downward sink! 
 
 Leg. Knees bend! Keep the knees turned out and the 
 feet firmly upon the floor. 
 
 Arm. Arms change! In changing, the hands are changed 
 from palms up to palms down.
 
 FIRST YEAR 69 
 
 Back. Arm rotation- one! Two! Rotate the arms, using 
 the shoulder-joints as pivots of motion. The relative position 
 of the hand, the forearm, and the upper arm remains the same. 
 Keep the elbows well up. The arms are brought to the position 
 of " arms half forward bend " on " one," arid to " half side- 
 ways bend," or the starting position, on " two." This is a 
 hard movement for small children, and may be omitted. 
 
 Jump. Alternate upward bending of knees one! Two! 
 Three ! Four! Bend the left knee up as far as possible without 
 bending the trunk, on "one," replace on "two," right the 
 same on " three " and " four."
 
 70 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward), 1 step backward (for- 
 ward) march! One! Two! One! Two! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Heels raise! Knees bend! Stretch! 
 Heels sink! Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways and upward stretch! By flinging, 
 arms change! Change! Position! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm and feet close! Heels Raise! Sink! 
 Position! 
 
 Front. Neck firm and feet sideways place ! Trunk back- 
 ward bend! Raise! Forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half forward bend! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and left foot outward place! 
 Trunk to left twist! Forward twist! Feet change! 
 Resume. Position! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Left knee upward bend! Alternate 
 knee upward bending one! Two ! One ! Tiro ! Foot- 
 replace! Position! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward raise ! Arms upward raise and 
 knees bend! Anns forward sink and knees stretch! 
 Repeat! One! Two! Arms downward sink! 
 
 Arm. Arms change! In changing, the hands arc turned 
 from palms clown to palms toward each other. 
 
 Jump. Left knee upward bend ! Bend the knee as in the 
 previous lesson.
 
 FIRST DAY 71 
 
 Alternate knee upward bending one! Two! The left foot 
 is brought down and, as it touches the floor, the right knee is 
 bent; this is done in one count. On the second count, the 
 reverse takes place. Guard against unnecessary motion of 
 the body.
 
 SECOND YEAR. 
 
 The Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, 
 Fourteenth, and the Fifteenth Days' 
 Orders of the First Year become the 
 First, Second, Third, Fourth, and the 
 Fifth of the Second Year. 
 
 (73)
 
 SECOND YEAR 75 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 2 steps backward (for- 
 ward) march! 
 Leg. Hips firm! Heels raise! Knees bend! Deep 
 
 bend! Knees stretch! Heels sink! Position! 
 Arm. Arms forward and backward stretch! By flinging, 
 
 arms change! Change! Position! 
 Balance. Arms sideways fling and feet close! Heels 
 
 raise! Sink! Position! 
 Front. Neck firm and left (right) foot forward place! 
 
 Trunk backward bend! Raise! Feet change! Resume. 
 
 Position! Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 Back. Arms half forward bend! Arm rotation one! Two! 
 
 Position ! 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and feet close! Trunk to left 
 
 (right} bend! Raise! Position! 
 Jump. Hips firm! Heels raise! Quick time mark! 
 
 Left! Right! or, One! Two! Class halt! One! Two! 
 
 Three! Four! Heels sink! Position! 
 Breathing. Arms forward raise! Arms upward raise and 
 
 knees bend! Arms forward sink and knees stretch! 
 
 Repeat! One! Two! Arms downward sink! 
 
 Leg. Deep bend! Slowly bend the knees to the most 
 acute angle possible, at the same time keeping the trunk erect 
 and a good balance.
 
 76 GYMNASTIC 1 EXERCISES 
 
 Balance. Heels raise! The feet should remain parallel. 
 
 Back. Arm rotation one! Two! This is the reverse of 
 the movement in the preceding lesson. 
 
 Jump. Quick time mark! Quick time is clone on the toes; 
 it is running without gaining ground and is a good preparation 
 for running. The foot is raised behind, with the knee bent at 
 about right angles. 
 
 Class halt! One! Two! Three! Four! Stop upon the 
 toes at the fourth count and hold the position until the com- 
 mand to lower the heels is given.
 
 SECOND YEAR 77 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 1 step backward (for- 
 ward) march! One! Two! Three! One! Two! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm and left (right) foot forward place! Knees 
 bend! Stretch! Feet change! Resume. Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward and downward stretch ! By flinging, 
 arms change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm and feet close! Left foot forward- 
 place! Heels raise! Sink! Feet change! Resume. 
 Foot replace! Position! 
 
 Front. Neck firm and feet close! Trunk backward bend! 
 Raise! Position! Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Left arm half forward bend! Right arm half side- 
 ways bend! Arm rotation one! Tiro! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and feet close! Trunk to left 
 (right) twist! Forward twist! Position! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Heels raise! Spring jump go! 
 One! Two! One! Two! Class halt! One! Two! 
 Three! Four! Heels sink! Position! Mark time 
 mark ! 
 
 Breathing. Anns forward-upward raise! Forward-down- 
 ward sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Balance. Feet change! The feet should remain parallel. 
 
 Back. Arm rotation one! Two! The left arm is rotated 
 
 to the half sideways bend position, the right to the half for-
 
 78 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 ward bend position on "one," the second count brings back 
 to the starting position. 
 
 Jump. Spring jump go ! is a succession of jumps on the 
 toes with a very slight bending of the knees. The rhythm is 
 quicker than in marking time. In all jumps land upon the 
 toes. 
 
 Class halt! Immediately upon the halt, the knees are 
 stretched. This is only true in the spring jumps, not in others.
 
 SECOND YEAR 79 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right], face right (left) march! One! Two! 
 One! Two! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm and left foot forward place! Heels- 
 raise! Sink! Feet change! Resume. Position! 
 
 Ann. Arms forward and sideways stretch! By flinging, 
 arms change! Change! Position! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm and feet close! Left foot forward- 
 place! Heels raise! Sink! Feet change! Resume. 
 Foot replace! Position! 
 
 Front. Neck firm and feet close! Left foot forward- 
 place! Trunk backward bend! Raise! Feet change! 
 Resume. Foot replace! Position! Trunk forward- 
 bend ! Raise ! 
 
 Back. Arms forward bend! Sideways fling! Bend! 
 Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and feet close ! Left foot for- 
 ward place! Trunk to left bend! Raise! Feet change! 
 Resume. Foot replace! Position! 
 
 Jump. Neck firm! Heels raise! Spring jump go! 
 Class halt! Heels sink! Position! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward-upward raise and knees bend! 
 Arms forward-downward sink and knees stretch! Re- 
 peat! One! Two!
 
 80 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left (right), face half right (left) march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm and left foot forward place! Heels 
 raise! Knees bend! Stretch! Heels sink! Feet- 
 change! Resume. Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward and upward stretch! By flinging, 
 arms change! Change! Position! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways fling and feet close! Left foot 
 forward place! Heels raise! Sink! Arms position! 
 Foot replace! Arms sideways fling and right foot for- 
 ward place! Resume. Foot replace! Position! 
 
 Front. Arms sideways raise! Trunk backward bend! 
 Raise! Arms sink! Trunk forward bend ! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend! Sideways fling! Bend! 
 Position ! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and feet close! Left foot for- 
 wardplace! Trunk to left iirist! Forward twist! Feet 
 change! Resume. Foot replace! Position! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Heels raise! Spring jump 4 (8) 
 counts go! Heels sink! Position! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward-upward and heels raise! Arms 
 forward-downward and heels sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Back. Sideways fling! Bend! In the extended position 
 the palms should be down; in the bent position, toward each 
 other.
 
 SECOND YEAR 81 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER, 
 
 Order. Face left (right) about, jac.e right (left) about 
 march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm and left foot outward place! Knees- 
 bend! Stretch! Feet change! Resume. Position! 
 
 Arm. Arm* upward and downward stretch! By flinging, 
 arms change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) knee backward bend! 
 Foot replace! Position! 
 
 Front. Arms sideways stretch and feet sideways place! 
 One! Two! Trunk backward bend! Raise! Arms down- 
 ward stretch and feet together place! or, Position! 
 Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half forward bend! Sideways fling! Bend! 
 Position ! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm and feet sideways place ! Trunk 
 to left (right) bend! Raise! Position! 
 
 Jump. Left face! Hips firm! Heels raise! Spring 
 jump sideways left (right) 4 (8) counts go! Heels 
 sink! Position! Right face! Mark time mark! 
 
 Breathing. Arm circumduclion one! Two! (Forward- 
 upward raise, sideways-downward sink.) Repeat! One! 
 Two! 
 
 Balance. Left knee backward bend! Raise the foot with 
 extended instep backward, until there is a right angle at the 
 knee-joint. There should be no movement above the knee. 
 
 6
 
 82 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Front. Arms sideways stretch and feet sideways place! 
 One! Two! Bend the arms upward and place the left foot 
 sideways on "one," stretch the arms sideways and place the 
 right foot sideways on "two." 
 
 Breathing. Arm circumduction one! Two! Raise the 
 arms forward-upward on "one," lower side ways- down ward 
 on "two."
 
 SECOND YEAR 83 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right'), 1 side step to left (right) march! 
 
 One! Two! One! Two! 1 side step to right (left), face 
 
 right (left) march! Guide front! 
 Leg. Hips firm and left foot outward place! Heels 
 
 raise! Sink! Feet change! Resume. Position! 
 Arm. Anns upward and sideways stretch! Repeat! By 
 
 flinging, arms change! Change! Position! 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) knee backward bend! 
 
 Leg backward stretch! Bend! Foot replace! Position! 
 
 Fig. 16. 
 Front. Arms sideways fling and left (right) foot forward 
 
 place! Trunk backward bend! Raise! Arms sideways 
 
 fling and feet change! Resume. Position! Trunk for- 
 ward bend ! Raise ! 
 Back. Arms forward fling! Sideways fling! Forward 
 
 move! Fling! Position! 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm and feet sideways place ! Trunk 
 
 to left (right) twist! Forward twist! Position! 
 Jump. Hips firm! Heels raise! Spring jump forward 
 
 (backward), 4 counts go! Heels sink! Position! 
 Breathing. Arm circu induction with knee bending and 
 
 stretching one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Balance. Leg backward stretch! Stretch the leg back- 
 ward with the knee and the ankle extended, keeping the trunk 
 erect and the chest arched.
 
 IG. 10. LEG BACKWARD STRETCH. LEG BACKWARD RAISE. 
 (84)
 
 SECOND YEAR 85 
 
 Front. Arms sideways fling and feet change! Bring the 
 arms down and replace the foot on the first count, fling the 
 arms to the side and advance the opposite foot on the second. 
 
 Back. Sideways fling! Turn the arms so that the palms 
 are down in the side position and toward each other in the 
 forward position.
 
 86 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 1 side step to right (left) march! 
 
 1 side step to left (right), face right (left) march! 
 Leg. Hips firm and left foot outward place! Heels raise! 
 
 Knees bend! Stretch! Heels sink! Feet change! 
 
 Resume. Position! 
 Arm. Arms upward and forward stretch! By flinging, arms 
 
 change! Change! Position! 
 Balance. Anns sideways raise! Left (right) knee backward 
 
 bend! Leg backward stretch! Bend! Stretch! Position! 
 Front. Anns sideways fling and feet close! Trunk back- 
 wardbend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward bend! 
 
 Raise! 
 Back. Left (right) arm sideways fling! By flinging, arms 
 
 change! Change! Position! 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm! Trunk to left (right) bend! 
 
 Raise! Position! 
 Jump. Hips firm! Heels raise! Facing 180 left (right), 
 
 4 counts, spring jump go! Heels sink! Position! 
 Breathing. Arm circumduction with heel raising and sinking 
 
 one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Back. Arms change! At the same time that the left arm 
 is lowered, the right arm is raised, the movement taking place 
 on the word "change."
 
 SECOND YEAR 87 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right], 2 side steps, to left (right) march! 
 2 side steps to right (left), face right (left) march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm and left foot backward place! Knees- 
 bend! Stretch! Feet change! Resume. Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward and backward stretch! By flinging, 
 arms change! Change! Position! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) leg sideways raise! 
 Sink! Position! Fig. 17. 
 
 Front. Arms sideways fling and feet close! Left foot 
 forward place! Trunk backward bend! Raise! Arms 
 sideways fling and feet change! Resume. Foot- 
 replace! Position! Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Left arm forward bend! Right arm sideways 
 fling! Arms change! Change! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm! Trunk to left (right) twist! 
 Forward twist ! Position ! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm and feet sideways place! Heels raise! 
 Change from feet together, spring jump go! Class 
 halt! Heels sink! Position! 
 
 Breathing. Arm circumduction with heel raising and knee 
 bending, knee stretching and heel sinking one! Two! 
 Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Balance. Left leg sideways raise! Raise the extended 
 leg directly to the side, keeping the ankle well extended and 
 the body erect.
 
 FIG. 17. LEG SIDEWAYS RAISE. 
 
 (88)
 
 SECOND YEAR 89 
 
 Jump. Change from feet together, spring jump go! Bring 
 the heels together in the position of heels raise, on the 
 first count; jump to the starting position with the feet apart 
 on the second count. There should be only a slight bending 
 of the knees. Halt with the heels raised and with the feet 
 apart. 
 
 Breathing. Arm circumduction with heel raising and knee 
 bending, knee stretching and heel sinking one! Two! The 
 arms and heels are raised and the knees bent on "one," the 
 knees are stretched and the arms and heels are lowered on 
 "two."
 
 90 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 2 side steps to right (left) march! 
 
 2 side steps to left (right), face right (left) march! 
 Leg. Neck firm and left foot backward place! Heels- 
 raise! Sink! Feet change! Resume. Position: 
 Arm. Arm stretching downward in series stretch! One! 
 
 Two! One! Two! etc. Class halt! One! Two! 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) leg sideways raise! 
 
 Sink! Hips firm! Left (right) leg sideways raise! Right 
 
 (left) knee bend! Stretch! Leg sink! Position ! 
 Front. Arms forward bend? Trunk backward bend! 
 
 Raise! Position! Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 Back. Left arm half sideways bend ! Right arm sideways 
 
 fling f Arms change! Change! Position! 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm and left foot forward place ! 
 
 Trunk to left bend! Raise! Feet change! Resume. 
 
 Position ! 
 Jump. Neck firm and feet sideways place ! Heels raise ! 
 
 Change from feet together, spring jump go! Class 
 
 halt! Heels sink! Position! 
 Breathing. Arms sideways-upward raise, heels raise and 
 
 knees bend! Arms sideways-downward sink, knees 
 
 stretch and heels sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Arm. Arm stretching downward in series stretch! Insist 
 upon a good bend position in all series work in arm exten- 
 sions. Do not allow a faster rhythm than is consistent with 
 good form.
 
 SECOND YEAR 91 
 
 Balance. Right knee bend! Slightly bend the knee of 
 the stationary leg. The raised leg should be kept straight. 
 
 Breathing. Repeat! One! Two! The arms and heels are 
 raised and the knees are bent on " one," the knees are stretched 
 and the arms and heels lowered on "two."
 
 92 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward), face left (right) march! 
 Face right (left), 1 step backward (forward) march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm and left foot backward place! Heels- 
 raise! Knees bend! Stretch! Heels sink! Feet- 
 change ! Resume. Position ! 
 
 Arm. Arm stretching sideways in series stretch! Class- 
 halt! Position! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right] leg sideways 
 raise! Sink! Neck firm! Left (right) leg sideways 
 raise! Right (left) knee bend! Stretch! Leg sink! Posi- 
 tion! 
 
 Front. Arms forward bend and feet sideways place! 
 Trunk backward bend! Raise! Position! Trunk for- 
 ward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Left arm half forward bend! Right arm sideways 
 fling! Arms change! Change! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm and left foot outward place! 
 Trunk to left tirist! Forward twist! Feet change! 
 Resume. Position! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Heels raise! Change In feet sideways, 
 spring jump go! Class halt! Heels sink! Position! 
 Mark time mark! 
 
 Breathing. Neck firm! Arms sideways move! Neck 
 firm! Repeat! One! Two!
 
 THIRD YEAR. 
 
 The Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, 
 Fourteenth, and the Fifteenth Days' 
 Orders of the Second Year become 
 the First, Second, Third, Fourth, and 
 the Fifth of the Third Year. 
 
 (93)
 
 THIRD YEAR 95 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), face left (right) march! 
 Face right (left), 2 steps backward (forward) march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm and left foot backward-outward place! 
 Knees bend! Stretch! Feet change! Resume. Posi- 
 tion ! 
 
 Arm. Arm stretching forward in series stretch! Class 
 halt! Position! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) leg forward raise! Sink! 
 Position! Fig. 18. 
 
 Front. Arms forward bend and left foot forward place! 
 Trunk backward bend! Raise! Feet change! Resume. 
 Position! Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Lef t arm half forward bend ! Right arm forward- 
 bend! By flinging, arms change! Change! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm and feet close ! Trunk to left 
 (right) bend! Raise! Position! 
 
 Jump. Neck firm! Heels raise! Change to feet side- 
 ways, spring jump go! Class halt! Heels sink! 
 Position! Mark time mark! Class halt! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward bend' Sideways move! Bend! 
 Repea t ! One ! Two ! 
 
 Arm. Class halt! is always given to end a series, even 
 when not so indicated in the exercises.
 
 FIG 18. LEG FORWARD RAISE. 
 
 (96)
 
 THIRD YEAR 97 
 
 Balance. Left leg forward raise! Raise the extended leg 
 directly forward, with instep extended and toes turned out; 
 keep the body erect. 
 
 Jump. Chang? to feet sideways, spring jump go! This 
 is the reverse of the jump in the Third Day's Order.
 
 98 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right} about, 1 step forward (backward) 
 
 march! Face right (left) about, 1 step backward (forward} 
 
 march! 
 Leg. Neck firm and left foot backward-outward place! 
 
 Heels raise! Sink! Feet change! Resume. Position! 
 Arm. Arm stretching backward in series stretch! Position! 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) leg forward raise! 
 
 Sink! Hips firm! Left (right) leg forward raise! Right 
 
 (left) knee bend! Stretch! Leg sink! Position! 
 Front. Arms forward bend and feet close! Trunk back- 
 ward bend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward bend! 
 
 Raise ! 
 Back. Left arm half sideways bend! Right arm forward 
 
 bend! Sloirlij, arms change! Change! Position! 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm and feet close! Trunk to left 
 
 (right) twist! Forward- twist! Position ! 
 Jump. Hips firm and left foot forward place! Heels 
 
 raise! Change of feet, spring jump go! Class hall! 
 
 Heels sink! Position! 
 Breathing. Arms forward bend! Arms sideways move 
 
 and knees bend! Arms bend and knees stretch! Repeat! 
 
 One! Two! Position!
 
 THIRD YEAR 99 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right} about, 2 steps forward (backward) 
 march! Face right (left) about, 2 steps backward (forward) 
 inarch ! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm and left foot backward-outward place! 
 Heels raise! Knees bend! Stretch! Heels sink! Feet 
 change! Resume. Position! 
 
 Arm. Arm stretching upward in series stretch! Position! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right) leg forward 
 raise! Sink! Neck firm! Left (right) leg forward 
 raise! Right (left) knee bend! Stretch! Leg sink! Posi- 
 tion ! 
 
 Front. Arms forward bend and feet close! Left foot 
 forward place! Trunk backward bend! Raise! Feet 
 change! Resume. Foot replace! Position! Trunk 
 forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half forward bend! Slowly, arms forward 
 stretch! Half bend! Repeat! One! Two! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm and feet close! Left foot 
 forward place 1 ! Trunk to left bend! Raise! Feet- 
 change! Resume. Foot replace! Position! 
 
 Jump. Neck firm and left foot forward place! Heels 
 raise! Change of feet, spring jump go! Class halt! 
 Heels sink! Position!
 
 100 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward bend! Arms sideways move 
 and heeh raixe! Arms bend and heels sink! Repeat! 
 One! Tiro! Position! 
 
 Front. Feet change! The feet should remain parallel. 
 Back. Hnlf bend! Bring the shoulder-blades well back; 
 keep the head up.
 
 THIRD YEAR 101 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward), face left (right) about 
 march! 1 step backward (forward), face right (left) about 
 march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm and feet close! Left foot forward- 
 place! Knees bend! Stretch! Feet change! Resume. 
 Foot replace ! Position ! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward bend! Left arm sideways, right . 
 arm downward stretch! Arms change! One! Two! 
 In series change! Class halt! By flinging, arms 
 change! Change! Position! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (rigid) leg backward raise! 
 Sink! Position! Fig. 16. 
 
 Front. Arms half sideways bend! Trunk backward 
 bend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend! Slowly, arms upward 
 stretch! Half bend! . Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left hip, right neck firm! Trunk to left 
 bend! Raise! Hands change! To right bend! 
 Raise! Position! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm and feet close! Left foot forward- 
 place! Heels raise! Change of feet, spring jump go! 
 Class halt! Heels sink! Foot replace! Position! 
 Mark time mark! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward raise! Sideways move! For- 
 ward move! Repeat! One! Two! Arms sink!
 
 102 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Arm. Arms change! One! Two! Bond the arms on 
 "one," stretch the left arm downward and the right arm side- 
 ways on "two." 
 
 By flinging, arms cfiange! Lower the right arm and raise 
 the left on the word "change." 
 
 Balance. Left leg backward raise! Raise the leg directly 
 backward, keeping the instep well extended, the body erect 
 and the chest arched.
 
 THIRD YEAR 103 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), face left (right) about 
 march! 2 steps backward (forward), face right (left) about 
 march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm and feet close! Left foot forward 
 place! Heels raise! Sink! Feet change! Resume. 
 Foot replace! Position! 
 
 Arm. Anns upward bend ! Left arm sideways, right arm 
 forward stretch! Arms change! In series change! 
 Bij flinging, armschange! Change! Position! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) leg backward raise! 
 Sink! Hips firm! Left (right) leg backward raise! 
 Right (left) knee betid! Stretch! Leg sink! Position! 
 
 Front. Arms half sideways bend and feet sideways 
 place! Trunk backward bend! Raise! Position! Trunk 
 forward bend ! Raise ! 
 
 Back. Left arm half forward bend! Right arm forward 
 fling! Slowly, arms change! Change! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left hip, right neck firm! Trunk to left- 
 twist! Forward (wist! Hands change! Resume. Posi- 
 tion! 
 
 Jump. Neck firm and feet close! Left foot forward- 
 place! Heels raise! Change of feet, spring jump go! 
 Class halt! Heels sink! Foot replace! Position! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward raise! Arms sideways move 
 and knees bend! Arms forward move and knees stretch! 
 Repeat! One! Two! Arms sink!
 
 104 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face half left (right) march! Face 
 half right (left), face right (left) march! 
 
 Leg. Feet close! Hips firm and left foot forward- 
 place! Heel* raise/ Knees bend! Stretch! Heels 
 sink! Feet change! Resume. Foot replace! Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward bend ! Left arm sideways, right arm 
 backward stretch! Arms change! In series change! 
 By flinging, arms change! Change! Position! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right) leg backward 
 raise! Sink! Neck firm! Left (right) leg backward- 
 raise! Right (left) knee bend! Stretch! Leg sink! 
 Position! 
 
 Front. Arms half sideways bend and left (right) foot 
 forward place! Trunk backward bend! Raise! Posi- 
 tion! Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Left arm upward stretch! Right arm half side- 
 ways bend! Anns change! Change! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left hip, right neck firm and left foot for- 
 ward place! Trunk to left bend! Raise! Hands and 
 feet change! Resume. Position! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Left face! Left foot touch step 
 sideways place! Change of feet, spring jump go! 
 Class halt ! Posi ti on ! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward raise ! Arms sideways move 
 and heels raise! Arms forward move and heels sink! 
 Repeat! One! Two! Arms sink!
 
 THIRD YEAR 105 
 
 Jump, Left foot touch stop sideways place! Place the 
 left foot directly to the side with the instep extended and the 
 toes touching the floor; the weight of the body is upon the 
 stationary foot. 
 
 Change of feet, spring jump go! Quickly bring the left 
 foot up to the original position, landing upon the toes, and at 
 the same time swing the right foot to the position of touch 
 step right. Class halt! Halt with one foot in the touch step 
 position, and the weight upon the opposite foot. Two counts 
 are given for the halt. 
 
 The class must be brought to the fundamental standing 
 position at the end of each class of exercises and before giving 
 the rest position. When this is not indicated in the lessons by 
 the word "position" or by some other command, it is under- 
 stood, and must be given by the teacher.
 
 106 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDKR. 
 
 Order. Face left (right], face half right (left) march! Face 
 half left (right), face right (left) march! 
 
 Leg. Nook firm! Left foot placing sideways in scries 
 go! Class halt! Right the name go! Class halt! 
 Alternate left and right go! Claw halt! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward bond! Loft arm sideways, right arm 
 upward .stretch! Change! In series change! By fling- 
 ing, arms change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm and foet close! Left (right) leg for- 
 ward raise! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms half sideways bend and feet close! Trunk 
 backward bend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward- 
 bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Left arm upward bend! Slowly, amis change! 
 Change! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left hip, right neck firm and left foot 
 outward place! Trunk to left twist! Forward twist! 
 Hands and feet change! Resume. 
 
 Jump. Neck firm! Left foot touch stop sideways 
 place! Change of feel, spring jump go! Class halt! 
 Position! .Mark time! mark! 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend! Slowly sideways 
 stretch! Bend! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Leg. Left foot placing sideways in series go! The weight 
 should be distributed equally between both feet, each time the
 
 THIRD YEAR 107 
 
 foot is placed sideways. For this reason, do not make the 
 rhythm too fast. The right must be placed to the side as 
 many times as the left. In alternate placing, the feet are 
 brought together on the even counts; place the left to the side 
 on "one," replace on "two." etc. Give a slight accent with 
 the foot in all foot placings in series. This helps to keep a 
 uniform class rhythm. 
 
 Back. Slowly, arms change! The left arm is stretched to 
 the side, while the right arm is bent.
 
 108 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face left (right) about march! 
 Face right (left) about, face right (left) march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left foot placing sideways with heel 
 raising in series go! One! Two! Three! Four! Etc. 
 Class -halt! Right the same go! Alternate left and 
 right go! One! Two! Three! Four! The same left 
 with heel raising and knee bending go! One! Two! 
 Three! Four! Five! Six! Etc. Right the same go! 
 Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward bend! Left arm forward, right arm 
 backward stretch! Change! In series change! By 
 flinging, arms change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm and feet close! Left (right) leg for- 
 ward raise! Sink! Hips firm! Left (right) leg forward 
 raise! Right (left) knee bend! Stretch! Leg sink! 
 
 Front. Feet close! Arms half sideways bend and left 
 (right) foot forward place! Trunk backward bend! 
 Raise! Foot replace! Position! Trunk forward bend! 
 Raise! 
 
 Back. Left arm upward bend! Right arm forward- 
 fling! Slowly, arms change! Change! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left hip, right neck firm and feet close! 
 Trunk to left bend! Raise! Hands change ! Resume. 
 Foot replace !
 
 THIRD YEAR 109 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Left foot cross-step position place! 
 
 Heels raise! Change of feet, spring jump go! Class 
 
 halt! Heels sink! 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend! Arms sideways stretch 
 
 and knees bend! Arms bend and knees stretch! Repeat! 
 
 One! Two! 
 
 Leg. Left foot placing sideways with heel raising in series 
 go! One! Two! Three! Four! Place the left foot side- 
 ways on "one," raise the heels on "two," lower the heels on 
 "three," replace the foot on "four." The same left with heel 
 raising and knee bending go! One! Etc. Place the left 
 foot sideways on "one," raise the heels on "two," bend the 
 knees on "three," stretch the knees on "four," lower the heels 
 on "five," replace the foot on "six." Be careful to keep the 
 weight between both feet. Accent as the foot is placed side- 
 ways. This is the rule in all foot placings in series. 
 
 Jump. Left foot cross step position place ! Place the left 
 foot in front and a little to the right of the right foot. Halt in 
 cross step position with the heels raised.
 
 110 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right], /ace right deft] about march! 
 Face left (right) about, /ace right (left] march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left foot placing forward in series 
 go! Rigid the same go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward bend! Left arm forward, right arm 
 downward stretch! Arm* change! In series change! 
 By flinging, arms change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways fling and feet close! Left (right) 
 leg forward raise! Sink! Neck firm! Left (right) leg 
 forward raise! Right (left) knee bend! Stretch! Leg 
 sink! 
 
 Front. Arms half forward bend! Trunk backward- 
 bend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Left arm upward bend! Right arm backward- 
 fling! Slowly, arms change! Change! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left hip, right neck firm and feet close! 
 Trunk to left twist! Forward twist! Hands change! 
 Resume, 
 
 Jump. Neck firm! Left foot cross step position place! 
 Heels raise! Change of feet, spring jump go! Class 
 -halt! Heels sink! 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend! Anns slowly sideways 
 stretch and heels raise! Arms bend and heels sink! 
 Repeat! One! Two!
 
 THIRD YEAR 111 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left (right], face left (right] about march! 
 Face right (left] about, face half right (left] march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left foot placing forward with heel 
 raising in series go! Right the same go! Alternate 
 go! The same left with heel raising and knee bending 
 go! Riglit the xame go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward bond! Left arm forward, right arm 
 sideways stretch! Arms change! Change! In series 
 change! By flinging, arm* change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways fling and feet close! Left (right] 
 leg backward raixe! Sink! Xeck firm! Left (right] leg 
 backirard raixe! Right deft] knee bend! Stretch! Leg 
 sink! 
 
 Front. Arms half forward bend and feet sideways place! 
 Trunk backward bend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward 
 bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Left arm upward bend! Right arm forward- 
 fling! Slowly, arms change! Change! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms sideways raise! Trunk to left (right] 
 bend! Raise! Arms sink! 
 
 Jump. Prepare to jump one! Etc. Hips firm! Jump 
 in place flinging the arms xideirayx one! Tiro! Three- 
 four! Fire! Six! Position! Mark time mark!
 
 112 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend! Slowly upward stretch! 
 Bend! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, flinging the arms sideways one! 
 Two! Three-four! Five! Six! Fling the arms sideways 
 and lower to the starting position on "three-four."
 
 FOURTH YEAR. 
 
 The Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, 
 Fourteenth, and the Fifteenth Days' 
 Orders of the Third Year become the 
 First, Second, Third, Fourth, and the 
 Fifth of the Fourth Year 
 
 (113)
 
 FOURTH YEAR 115 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER, 
 
 Order. Face half left (right), face right (left) about march! 
 Face left (right) about, face half right (left) march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left foot placing outward in series 
 go ! Right the same go ! Alternate go ! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward bend! Left arm forward, right up- 
 ward stretch! Arms change! In series change! By 
 flinging, arms change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) leg sideways raise! 
 Forward move! Sink! Left (right) leg forward raise! 
 Sideuwys more! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms half forward bend and left foot forward- 
 place! Trunk backward bend! Raise! Arms half for- 
 ward bend and feet change! Resume. 
 
 Back. Hips firm and feet sideways place! Trunk for- 
 ward bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms sideways raise ! Trunk to left (right) 
 twist ! Forward twist ! Arms sink ! 
 
 Jump. Neck firm! Prepare to jump one! Etc. Jump 
 in place, flinging the arms sideways one! Two! Three- 
 four! Five! Six! 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend! Arms upioard stretch 
 and knees bend! Arms bend and knees stretch! Repeat! 
 One! Two!
 
 116 GYMNASTIC 1 EXERCISES 
 
 Balance. Forward move! Keeping the leg perfectly 
 straight, swing it to the position of forward raise. Be careful 
 not to lower the foot in the movement. 
 
 Front. Arms half forward bend and feet change! Lower 
 the arms and replace the foot on the first count ; bend the arms 
 half forward and advance the opposite foot on the second 
 count. 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, -flinging the arms sideways one! 
 Etc. Fling the arms sideways and back to the starting position 
 on " three- four."
 
 FOURTH YEAR 117 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 side step to left (right), 1 side step to right (left), 1 
 side step to left (right) march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm ! Left foot placing outward with heel rais- 
 ing, in series go! Right the same go! Alternate 
 go! The same left with heel raising and knee bending 
 go! Right the same go! Alternate go! 
 
 Ann. Arms upward bend ! Left arm upward, right down- 
 ward stretch! Arms change! In series change! By 
 flinging, arms change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) leg sideways raise! 
 Forward move! Sink! Left (right) leg forward raise! 
 Sideways move ! Sink ! 
 
 Front. Arms half forward bend and feet close! Trunk 
 backward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Hips firm! Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms sideways fling and left foot forward 
 place! Trunk to left bend! Raise! Arms sideways 
 fling and feet change! Resume. 
 
 Jump. Prepare to jump one! Etc. Jump in place, 
 flinging the arms sideways one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend! Arms upward stretch 
 and heels raise! Arms bend and heels sink! Repeat! 
 One! Two! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms sideways fling and feet change ! 
 Lower the arms and replace the foot on the first count ; fling
 
 118 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 the arms sideways and place the opposite foot forward on the 
 second count. 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, flinging the arms sideways one! 
 Etc. Fling the arms sideways and lower to the fundamental 
 position on " three-four."
 
 FOURTH YEAR 119 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 side steps to left (right], 2 side steps to right (left}, 
 2 side steps to left (right} march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left foot placing backward in series 
 go! Right the same go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward bend ! Left arm upward, right side- 
 ways stretch! Arms change! In series change! By 
 flinging, arms change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right} leg sideways 
 raise! Forward move! Sink! Position! Arms side- 
 ways fling! Left (right} leg forward raise! Sideways 
 move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Feet close ! Arms half forward bend and left foot 
 forward place! Trunk backward bend! Raise! Arms 
 half forward bend and feet change! Resume. Foot 
 replace ! 
 
 Back. Hips firm and left foot forward place ! Trunk for- 
 ward bend! Raise! Feet change! Resume. 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms sideways fling and left foot outward 
 place! Trunk to left twist! Forward twist! Arms 
 sideways fling and feet change! Resume. 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Left face! Jump in place, flinging 
 the legs sideways one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend and heels raise! Arms 
 upward stretch and knees bend! Arms bend and knees 
 stretch! Repeat! One! Two! Heels sink!
 
 120 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Jump. It is advisable to give "prepare to jump" before 
 giving the jump proper. 
 
 Jump in place, flinging the legs sideways one! Etc. Fling 
 the legs directly to the sides and bring the heels together in 
 the landing position on "three-four."
 
 FOURTH YEAR 121 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 side steps to left (right}, 2 side steps to right (left), 
 1 side step to left (right) march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left foot placing backward with heel 
 raising in series go! Right the same go! Alternate 
 go! The same left with heel raising and knee bending 
 go! Right the same go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward bend! Left arm upward, right for- 
 ward stretch! Arms change! In series change! By 
 flinging, arms change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) leg sideways raise! 
 Backward move! Sink! Left (right) leg backward 
 raise! Sideways move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms upward stretch! Trunk backward bend! 
 Raise! 
 
 Back. Neck firm and feet sideways place! Trunk for- 
 ward bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms sideways fling and feet close ! Trunk 
 to left (right) bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Half left face! Jump in place, flinging the arms 
 and legs sideways one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways raise! Anns turn and knees 
 bend! Arms turn and knees stretch! Repeat! One! 
 Two! Arms sink!
 
 122 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 side steps to left (right), I side step to right (left), 
 2 side steps to left (right) march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left foot placing backward-outward in 
 series go! Right the same go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward bend ! Left arm upward, right back- 
 ward stretch! Arms change! In series change! By 
 flinging, arms change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) leg sideways raise! 
 Backward move! Sink! Left (right) leg backward 
 raise! Sideways move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms upward stretch and feet sideways place! 
 Trunk backward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Neck firm! Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms sideways fling and feet close ! Trunk 
 to left (right) twist! Forward twist! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Jump in place, facing 90 to left- 
 one! Etc. The same to right one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways raise! Arm circling and 
 heel raising one! Two! Arms sink! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, facing 90 to left one! Etc. Jump 
 in place and turn 90 to the left on "three-four;" land 
 facing in that direction.
 
 FOURTH YEAR 123 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward), 1 step backward (for- 
 ward), 1 step forward (backward) march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left foot placing backward-outward 
 with heel raising in series go! Right the same go! 
 Alternate go! The same left with heel raising and 
 knee bending go! Right the same go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways and downward in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right) leg sideways 
 raise! Backward move! Sink! Position! Arms 
 sideways fling! Left (right) leg backward raise! Side- 
 ways move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms upward stretch and left foot forward place ! 
 Trunk backward bend! Raise! Arms upward stretch 
 and feet change! Resume. 
 
 Back. Neck firm and left foot forward place! Trunk 
 forward bend! Raise! Feet change! Resume. 
 
 Lateral trunk. Feet close ! Arms sideways fling and left 
 foot forward place! Trunk to left bend! Raise! Arms 
 sideways fling and feet change! Resume. Foot- 
 replace ! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Jump in place, facing 90 to left and 
 return one! Two! Three-four! Five-six! Seven! 
 Eight! The same to right one! Etc. Mark time mark!
 
 124 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideways and alternate knee bend- 
 ing backward one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, facing 90 to left and return one! 
 Two! Three- four! Five-six! Seven! Eight! Secure a 
 good steady landing position on "three-four" before the 
 return jump, which is taken upon " five-six."
 
 FOURTH YEAR 125 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward], 2 steps backward (for- 
 ward}, 2 steps forward (backward) march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm ! Left foot placing sideways and forward 
 in series go! One! Two! Three! Four! Right the 
 same go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideivays and forward in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) leg forward raise! 
 Backward move! Sink! Left (right) leg backward 
 ra ise ! Forwa rd m ove ! Sink ! 
 
 Front. Arms upward stretch and feet close! Trunk 
 backward bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms sideways fling and feet sideways place! 
 Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Feet close! Arms sideways fling and left 
 foot forward place! Trunk to left twist! Forward- 
 twist! Arms sideways fling and feet change! Resume. 
 Foot replace! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, facing 180 to left one! Etc. The 
 same to right one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways raise! Arm raising upivard 
 with alternate knee bending backward and opposite knee 
 bending one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! Arms sink! 
 
 Leg. Left foot placing sideicays and forward in series 
 go! One! Two! Three! Four! Place the left foot to the
 
 126 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 side on "one," replace on "two," place the left foot forward 
 on "three," replace on "four." The rhythm must be slow 
 enough to allow proper adjustment of weight. 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, facing 180 to left one! Etc. Land 
 from the jump on " three- four," facing to the rear.
 
 FOURTH YEAR 127 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER, 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 2 steps backward (for- 
 ward), 1 step forward (backward) march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left foot placing sideways and forward 
 with heel raising in series go! Right the same go! 
 Alternate go! The same left with heel raising and 
 knee bending go! Right the same go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways and backward in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) leg forward raise! 
 Backward move! Sink. Left (right) leg backward 
 raise! Forward move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Feet close! Arms upward stretch and left foot 
 forward place! Trunk backward bend! Raise! Arms 
 upward stretch and feet change! Resume. Foot- 
 replace ! 
 
 Back. Arms sideways fling and left foot forward place! 
 Trunk forward ben-d! Raise! Arms sideways fling and 
 feet change! Resume. 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward bend! Trunk to left (right) 
 bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Jump in place, facing 180 to left 
 (right) and return one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideicays with alternate leg raising 
 sideways one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Balance. Backward move! Swing the leg with the knee 
 straight and the foot close to the floor, but not touching, to 
 the position of 'backward raise."
 
 128 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 1 step backward (for- 
 ward}, 2 steps forward (backward) march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left foot placing sideways and outward 
 in series go! Right the same go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways and upward in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right) leg forward 
 raise! Backward move! Sink! Position! Arms side- 
 ways fling! Left (right) leg backward raise! Forward 
 move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms sideways raise! Trunk backward bend! 
 Arm rotation one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Arms forward bend and feet sideways place! 
 Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward bend! Trunk to left (right) 
 twist! Forward twist! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Jump in place facing 270 to left 
 (right) one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. With palms up, arms sideways raise! Arm 
 raising upward with alternate leg raising sideways and 
 opposite knee bending one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Front. Arm rotation one! Two! Do not hold the back- 
 ward bend position too long. Ann rotation once or twice 
 maintains the position long enough.
 
 FOURTH YEAR 129 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), I side step to left (right), 1 side step 
 
 to right (left) march! 1 side step to left (right), 1 side 
 
 step to right (left), face right (left) march! 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left foot placing sideways and outward 
 
 with heel raising in series go! Right the same go! 
 
 Alternate go! The same left with heel raising and knee 
 
 bending go! Right the same go! Alternate go! 
 Arm. Arms forward and backward in series stretch! 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) leg sideways raise! 
 
 Forward more! Sideways move! Sink! 
 Front. Arms half sideways bend! Trunk backward 
 
 bend! Arm rotation one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 Back. Arms forward bend! Trunk forward bend! 
 
 Raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward bend and left (right) foot 
 
 forward place! Trunk to left (right) bend! Raise! 
 Jump.' Hips firm! Jump in place, facing 270 to left 
 
 (right) and return one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideways-upward with alternate 
 
 leg raising sideways one! Two! Repeat! One! Two!
 
 FIFTH YEAR. 
 
 The Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, 
 Fourteenth, and the Fifteenth Days' 
 Orders of the Fourth Year become the 
 First, Second, Third, Fourth, and the 
 Fifth of the Fifth Year. 
 
 (131)
 
 FIFTH YEAR 133 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right'), 1 side step to right (left), 1 side step 
 
 to left (right) march! 1 side step to right (left), 1 side step 
 
 to left (right), face right (left) march! 
 Leg. Neck firm ! Left (right) foot placing sideways and 
 
 backward in series go! Alternate go! 
 Arm. Arms forward and downward in series stretch! 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) leg sideways raise! 
 
 Forward move! Sideways move! Sink! 
 Front. Left arm half forward, right arm half sideways 
 
 bend! Trunk backward bend! Arm rotation one! Two! 
 
 Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Arms forward bend and left (right) foot forward- 
 place! Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Amis forward bend and left (right) foot 
 
 outward place! Trunk to left (right) twist! Forward 
 
 twist! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, facing 360 to left (right) one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideways-upward with alternate 
 
 leg raising sideways and opposite knee bending one! Two! 
 
 Repeat! One! Two!
 
 134 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 2 side steps to left (right), 2 side steps 
 to right (left) march! 2 side steps to left (right), 2 side 
 steps to right (left), face right (left) march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways and 
 backward with heel raising in series go! Alternate 
 go! The same left (right) with heel raising and knee 
 bending go ! A Iternate go ! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward and sideways in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise ! Left (right) leg sideways 
 raise! Forward move! Sideways move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Hips firm! Trunk backward bend! Arm fling- 
 ing sideways one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. "With palms up ? arms sideways stretch and feet 
 sideways place! Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward bend and feet close ! Trunk 
 to left (right) bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Jump in place, facing 360 to left 
 (right) and return one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arm raising forward with alternate leg raising 
 forward one! Two! Repeat! One! Two!
 
 FIFTH YEAR 135 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right], 2 steps to right (left), 2 side steps 
 to left (right) march! 2 side steps to right (left), 2 side 
 steps to left (right), face right (left) march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways and 
 backward-outward in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward and upward in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) leg sideways raise! 
 Backward move! Forward move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Neck firm! Trunk backward bend! Arm flinging 
 sideways one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. With palms up, arms sideways raise ! Trunk for- 
 ward bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward bend and feet close ! Trunk 
 to left (right) twist! Forward twist! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Jump in place, facing 90 left (right), 
 180 right (left) one! Two! Three-four! Five-six! 
 Seven! Eight! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward raise! Arm raising upward 
 with alternate leg raising forward and opposite knee bend- 
 ing one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, facing 90 left, 180 right one! Two! 
 Three-four! Five-six! Seven! Eight! Jump facing 90 
 to left on "three-four." 180 to right on "five-six," which 
 makes the landing position 90 to the right of the original 
 position.
 
 136 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 2 side steps to left (right), 1 side step 
 to right (left) march! 1 side step to left (right), 2 side 
 steps to right (left), face right (left) march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways and 
 back ward- outward with heel raising in series go! Alter- 
 nate go! The same left (right) with heel raising and 
 knee bending go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward and downward in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) leg sideways raise! 
 Backward move! Sideways move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Trunk backward bend! Arm flinging sideways 
 one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. With palms up, arms sideways fling and left foot 
 forward place! Trunk forward bend! Raise! Arms 
 sideways fling and feet change! Resume. 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm forward bend, right arm sideways 
 fling! Trunk to left bend! Raise! Arms change! 
 Resume. 
 
 Jump. Hips firm ! Jump in place, facing 90 to left (right), 
 270 to right (left) one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arm. raising forward-upward with alternate 
 leg raising forward one! Two! Repeat! One! Two!
 
 FIFTH YEAR 137 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right], 2 side steps to right (left), 1 side step 
 
 to left (right) march! I side step to right (left), 2 side 
 
 steps to left (right), face right (left) march! 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right) foot placing forward and 
 
 sideways in series go! Alternate go! 
 Arm. Arms upward and sideways in series stretch! 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise ! Left (right) leg sideways 
 
 raise! Backward- move! Sideways move! Sink! 
 Front. Arms forward bend! Trunk backward bend! 
 
 Arm flinging sideways one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend and feet sideways place ! 
 
 Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Right arm forward bend, left arm sideways 
 
 fling! Trunk to left twist! Forward twist! Arms 
 
 change ! Resume. 
 Jump. Hips firm ! Jump in place, facing 90 to left (right), 
 
 360 to right (left) one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arm raising forward-upward with alternate 
 
 leg raising forward and opposite knee bending one! Two! 
 
 Repeat! One! Two!
 
 138 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 1 side step to left (right), face left 
 
 (right) march! 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing forward and 
 
 sideways with heel raising in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 The same left (right) with heel raising and knee bending 
 
 go ! Alternate go ! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward and forward in series stretch! 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) leg forward raise! 
 
 Sideways move! Forward move! Sink! 
 Front. Arms half sideways bend! Trunk backward- 
 bend! Arm flinging sideways one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 Back. Arms half forward bend! Trunk forward bend! 
 
 Raise! 
 Lateral trunk. With palms up, arms sideways raise! 
 
 Trunk to left (right) bend! Raise! 
 Jump. Hips firm! Jump in place, facing 180 to left 
 
 (right), 270 to right (left) one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideways with alternate leg raising 
 
 backward one! Two! Repeat! One! Two!
 
 FIFTH YEAR 139 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 1 side step to right (left), face left 
 (right) march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right] foot placing forward and 
 outward in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward and backward in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) leg forward raise! 
 Sideways move! Forward move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms half forward bend! Trunk backward 
 bend! Arm flinging sideways one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half forward bend and left (right) foot for- 
 ward place! Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. With palms up, arms sideways raise! 
 Trunk to left (right) twist! Forward twist! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Jump in place, facing 180 to left 
 (right), 360 to right (left) one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. With palms up, arms sideways raise! Arm 
 raising upward with alternate leg raising backward and 
 opposite knee bending one! Two! Repeat! One! Two!
 
 140 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 2 side steps to left (right), face left 
 
 (right) march! 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing forward and 
 
 outward with heel raising in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 The same left (right) with heel raising and knee bending 
 
 go ! A Iternate go ! 
 Arm. Arms sideways, fonvard, and downward stretch! The 
 
 same in series stretch! 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right) leg forward 
 
 raise! Sideways move ! Forward move! Sink! 
 Front. Left arm forward bend, right arm sideways fling ! 
 
 Trunk backward bend! Arms change! Change! Trunk 
 
 raise! 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend and feet sideways place ! 
 
 Trunk forward bend! Raise! 
 Lateral trunk. With palms up, arms sideways fling and 
 
 left foot forward place! Trunk to left bend! Raise! 
 
 Arms sideways fling and feet change! Resume. 
 Jump. Hips firm! Jump in place, facing 270 to left 
 
 (right), 360 to right (left) one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arm circumduction with alternate leg raising 
 
 backward one! Two! Repeat! One! Two!
 
 FIFTH YEAR 141 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right}, 2 side steps to right (left), face left 
 
 (right} march ! 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right) foot placing forward and 
 
 backward in series go! Alternate go! 
 Arm. Arms sideways, backward, and downward stretch! 
 
 The same in series stretch! 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) leg forward raise! 
 
 Backward move! Forward move! Sink! 
 Front. Left arm half sideways bend, right arm sideways 
 
 fling! Trunk backward bend! Arms cJiange! Change! 
 
 Trunk raise! 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend! Trunk forward bend! 
 
 Raise! 
 Lateral trunk. With palms up, arms sideways fling and 
 
 left foot outward place! Trunk to left twist! For- 
 ward twist! Arms sideways fling and feet change! 
 
 Resume. 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, flinging the arms forward one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arm circumduction with alternate leg raising 
 
 backward and opposite knee bending one! Two! Repeat! 
 
 One! Two! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, flinging the arms forward one! Etc. 
 Raise the arms backward on " two;" fling the arms forward 
 and lower to the sides on " three- four."
 
 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face right (left), 1 step forward 
 
 (backward) march! 1 step backward (forward), face left 
 
 (right), face right (left) march! 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing forward and 
 
 backward with heel raising in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 The same left (right) with heel raising and knee bending 
 
 go! Alternate go! 
 Ann. Arms sideways, upward, and downward stretch! The 
 
 same in series stretch! 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) leg forward raise! 
 
 Backward move! Forward move! Sink! 
 Front. Left arm half forward bend, right arm sideways 
 
 fling! Trunk backward bend! Arms change! Change! 
 
 Trunk raise! 
 Back. Arms half forward bend! Trunk forward bend! 
 
 Raise! 
 Lateral trunk. With palms up, arms sideways fling and 
 
 feet close! Trunk to left (right) bend! Raise! 
 Jump. Jump in place, flinging the left (right) leg forward 
 
 one! Two! Three-four! Five! Six! 
 Breathing. Hips firm! Arm moving sideways with alter- 
 
 nate leg raising sideways one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, flinging the left leg forward one! 
 Two! Three- four! Five! Six! Fling the leg forward with 
 straight knee on "three-four."
 
 SIXTH YEAR. 
 
 The Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, 
 Fourteenth, and the Fifteenth Days' 
 Orders of the Fifth Year become the 
 First, Second, Third, Fourth, and the 
 Fifth of the Sixth Year. 
 
 (143)
 
 SIXTH YEAR 145 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face right (left), 2 steps forward 
 
 (backward) march! 2 steps backward (forward), face left 
 
 (right), face right (left) march! 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right) foot placing forward and 
 
 backward-outward in series go! Alternate go! 
 Arm. Arms sideways, downward, and forward stretch! The 
 
 same in series stretch! 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right) leg forward 
 
 raise! Backward move! Forward move! Sink! 
 Front. Left arm half forward, right arm forward bend! 
 
 Trunk backward bend! Arms change! Change! Trunk 
 
 raise! 
 Back. Hips firm and feet sideways place ! Trunk forward 
 
 bend! Head rotation one! Etc. Trunk raise! 
 Lateral trunk. With palms up, arms sideways fling and 
 
 feet close! Trunk to left (right) twist! Forward 
 
 twist! 
 Jump. Jump in place, flinging the arms and left (right) leg 
 
 forward one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Neck firm ! Arm moving sideways with alter- 
 nate leg raising sideways and opposite knee bending one! 
 
 Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 10
 
 146 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward), 1 step backward (for- 
 ward), face left (right) march! Face right (left), etc. 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing forward and 
 backward-outward with heel raising in series go! Alter- 
 nate go! The same left (right) with heel raising and 
 knee bending go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways, backward, and forward stretch! The 
 same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) leg backward raise! 
 Sideways move! Backward move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Left arm half sideways, right arm forward bend! 
 Trunk backward bend! Arms change! Change! Trunk 
 raise! 
 
 Back. Hips firm! Trunk forward bend! Head rotation 
 one! Etc. Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half sideways bend ! Trunk to left 
 (right] bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Jump forward one! Two! Three- 
 four! Five ! Six ! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward bend! Arm flinging sideways 
 with alternate leg raising sideways one! Two! Repeat! 
 One! Two! 
 
 In the following lessons a fallout or lunge may be given with 
 advantage after the back exercises. Fig. 19.
 
 FIG. 19. FORWARD FALLOUT. 
 
 (147)
 
 148 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Hips firm ! Left forward fallout! Foot replace! or, Posi- 
 tion! The foot is placed forward three and one-half foot 
 lengths, the back knee straight, the forward knee bent slightly 
 more than a right angle. There should be a straight line from 
 the head to the back heel, which should be firmly upon the 
 floor, and the shoulders should be squarely to the front. On 
 replacing the foot, press off with the ball and spring back to 
 place. The forward foot should point nearly front. 
 
 Fallouts outward and sideways are done in the same manner 
 as fallouts forward. Instead of the back exercise, a forward 
 fallout may be substituted. A sideways fallout may be given 
 as a lateral trunk exercise.
 
 SIXTH YEAR 149 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 2 steps backward (for- 
 ward), face left march! Face right, etc. 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right] foot placing outward and 
 sideways in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways, upward, and forward stretch! The 
 same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) leg backward raise! 
 Sideways move! Backward move! Sink! 
 
 Front. With palms up, arms sideways raise! Trunk 
 backward bend! Arm raising upward one! Two! 
 Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Arms sideways stretch and feet sideways place! 
 Trunk forward bend! Head rotation one! Etc. Trunk 
 raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half sideways bend ! Trunk to left 
 (right) twist ! Forward ticist ! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward, flinging the arms forward one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward bend! Arm flinging sideways 
 with alternate leg raising sideways and opposite knee bend- 
 ing one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward, flinging the arms forward one! Etc. 
 Jump forward, flinging the arms forward and lowering again 
 to the sides on "three-four.''
 
 150 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 1 step backward (for- 
 ward), face left march! Face right, etc. 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing outward and 
 
 sideways with heel raising in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 The same left (right) with heel raising and knee bending 
 
 go ! A Iternate go ! 
 Arm. Arms sideways, downward, and upward stretch! The 
 
 same in series stretch! 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right) leg backward 
 
 raise! Sideways move! Backward move! Sink! 
 Front. Arms upward stretch and feet sideways place! 
 
 Trunk backward betid! Arm parting one! Two! Trunk 
 
 raise! 
 Back. Anns sideways raise! Trunk fonronl bend! 
 
 Head rotation one! Etc. Trunk raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half sideways bend and left (right) 
 
 foot forward place! Trunk to left (right) bend! Raise! 
 Jump. Jump forward, flinging the left (right) leg forward- 
 one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Anns forward bend! Arm flinging sideways 
 
 with alternate leg raising backward one! Two! Repeat! 
 
 One! Two! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward, flinging the left leg forward one! 
 Etc. liaise the left leg slightly backward on " two," swing 
 the leg quickly forward with straightened knee and lower on 
 "three-four."'
 
 SIXTH YEAR 151 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right] about, face right (left) about, I step 
 forward (backward) march! 1 step backward (forward), 
 etc. 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right) foot placing outward and 
 forward in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways, forward, and upward stretch! The 
 same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) leg backward raise! 
 Forward move! Backward move! Sink! 
 
 FroirL Trunk backward bend! Arm raising sideways- 
 upward one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Arms sidewayp stretch and feet sideways place! 
 Trunk forward bend! Arm rotation one! Two! Trunk 
 raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half sideways bend and left (right) 
 foot outward place! Trunk to left (right) twist! For- 
 ward twist ! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward, flinging the arms and left (right) leg 
 forward one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward bend! Arm ftinging sideways 
 with alternate leg raising sideways and opposite knee bend- 
 ing one! Two! Repeat! One! Two!
 
 152 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right] about, face right (left] about, 2 steps 
 
 forward (backward} march! 2 steps backward (forward), 
 
 etc. 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing outward and 
 
 forward with heel raising in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 The same left (right) with heel raising and knee bending 
 
 go! Alternate go! 
 Arm. Arms sideways, backward, and upward stretch! The 
 
 same in series stretch! 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) leg backward raise! 
 
 Forward move! Backward move! Sink! 
 Front. Trunk backward bend! Arm raising forward- 
 one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 Back. Arms sideways raise! Trunk forward bend! Arm 
 
 rotation one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half sideways bend and feet close ! 
 
 Trunk to left (right) bend! Raise! 
 Jump. Jump forward with 1 start step left (right) go! 
 
 One! Two-three! Four! Five! 
 Breathing. Arms forward raise! Arm flinging sideways 
 
 with alternate leg raising sideways one! Two! Etc. 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 1 start step left go! One! 
 Two-three! Four! Five! Place the left foot forward on 
 "one/ 1 ' jump forward on "two-three."
 
 SIXTH YEAR 153 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward], 1 step backward (forward], 
 face left (right] about march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right) foot placing outward and 
 backward in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward, sideways, and downward stretch! The 
 same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right] leg backward 
 raise! Forward move! Backward move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Anns forward raise! Trunk backward bend! 
 Arm raising upward one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Left arm sideways with palm up, right arm side- 
 ways fling! Trunk forward bend! Ann rotation one! 
 Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half sideways bend and feet close! 
 Trunk to left (right] twist! Forward twist! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 1 start step left (right], flinging 
 the arms forward go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward raise! Arm flinging sideways 
 with alternate leg raising sideways and opposite knee bend- 
 ing one! Two! Repeat! One! Two!
 
 154 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 2 steps backward (for- 
 ward), face left (right) about march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing outward and 
 backward with heel raising in series go! Alternate go! 
 The same left (right) with heel raising and knee bending 
 go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward, backward, and downward stretch! 
 The same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) leg forward raise! 
 Sideways move! Forward move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Trunk backward bend! Arm raising forward- 
 upward one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend and feet sideways place ! 
 Trunk forward bend! Arm rotation one! Two! Trunk 
 raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half forward bend! Trunk to left 
 (right) bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 1 start step left (right), flinging 
 the right (left) leg forward go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward raise! Arm flinging sideways 
 with alternate leg raising backward one! Two! Etc.
 
 SIXTH YEAR 155 
 
 jj 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 1 step backward (for- 
 ward), face left (right] about march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right) foot placing outward and 
 backward-outward in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 Ann. Arms forward, upward, and downward stretch! The 
 same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) leg forward raise! 
 Sideways move! Backward move! Sink! Left (right) 
 leg backward raise! Sideways move! Forward move! 
 Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms upward and trunk backward bend! Arm 
 stretching upward one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Left arm half sideways, right arm half forward- 
 bend! Trunk forward bend! Arm rotation one! Two! 
 Trunk raixe! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half forward bend ! Trunk to left 
 (right) twist ! Forward twist ! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 1 start step left (right), flinging 
 the arms and right (left) leg forward go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward raise ! Arm flinging sideways 
 with alternate leg raising backward and opposite knee bend- 
 ing one! Two! Etc.
 
 156 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward), face Icjl (right) about, 
 
 1 step forward (backward) march! 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing outward and 
 
 backward-outward with heel raising in scrws go! Alter- 
 nate go! The same left (right) with heel raising and knee 
 
 bending go ! Alternate go ! 
 Arm. Arms forward, downward, and sideways stretch! The 
 
 same in series stretch! 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right) leg forward 
 
 raise! Sideways move! Backward move! Sink! Left 
 
 (right) leg backward raise! Sideways move! Forward 
 
 move! Sink! 
 Front. Arms upward and trunk backward bend! Arm 
 
 stretching forward one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 Back. Feet sideways place! Trunk forward bend! Arm 
 
 raising sideways one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half forward bend and left (right) 
 
 foot forward place! Trunk to left (right) bend! Raise! 
 Jump. Jump forward with 2 start steps left (right) go! 
 
 One! Two! Three-four! Five! Six! 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend ! Arm stretching sideways 
 
 with alternate leg raising sideways one! Two! Etc.
 
 SEVENTH YEAR. 
 
 The Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, 
 Fourteenth, and the Fifteenth Days' 
 Orders of the Sixth Year become the 
 First, Second, Third, Fourth, and the 
 Fifth of the Seventh Year. 
 
 (157)
 
 SEVENTH YEAR 159 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), face left (right) about, 
 2 steps backward (forward) march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, out- 
 ward, and forward in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward, backward, and sideways stretch! The 
 same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) leg sideways raise! 
 Forward move! Backward move! Sink! Left (right) 
 leg backward raise! Forward move! Sideways move! 
 Sink! 
 
 Front. Arm-s upward and trunk backward bend! Arm 
 stretching backward one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Trunk forward bend! Arm raising sideways one! 
 Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half forward bend and left (right) 
 foot outward place! Trunk to left (right) twist! For- 
 ward twist! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 2 start steps left (right), flinging 
 the arms forward go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend ! Arm. stretching sideways 
 with alternate leg raising sideways and opposite knee bend- 
 ing one! Two! Etc.
 
 160 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), face left (right) about, 
 1 step forward (backward) march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, out- 
 ward, and forward with heel raising in series go! Alter- 
 nate go! The same left (right) with heel raising and -knee 
 bending go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward, upward, and sideways stretch! The 
 same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) leg sideways raise! 
 Forward move! Backward move! Sink! Left (right) 
 leg backward raise! Forward move! Sideways move! 
 Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms upward and trunk backward bend! Arm 
 stretching upward one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Arms forward bend and feet sideways place! 
 Trunk forward bend! Arm flinging sideways one! Two! 
 Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half forward bend and feet close! 
 ' Trunk to left (right) bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 2 start steps left (right), flinging 
 the left (right) leg forward go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend! Arm stretching sideways 
 with alternate leg raising forward one! Two! Etc.
 
 SEVENTH YEAR 161 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left (right), face half right (left), face right 
 (left) march! Face left (right), face half left (right), face 
 half right (left) march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, for- 
 ward, and outward in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward, downward, and upward stretch! 
 . The same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right) leg sideways 
 raise! Forward move! Backward move! Sink! Left 
 (right) leg backward raise! Forward move! Sideivays 
 move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms half forward bend! Trunk backward- 
 bend! Arm stretching forward one! Two! Trunk 
 raise! 
 
 Back. Arms forward bend! Trunk forward bend! Arm 
 flinging sideways one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half forward bend and feet close ! 
 Trunk to left (right) twist! Forward twist! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 2 start steps left (right), flinging 
 the arms and left (right) leg forward go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend ! Arm stretching sideways 
 with alternate leg raising backward and opposite knee bend- 
 ing one! Two! Etc. 
 
 11
 
 162 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left (right), face half right (left), face left 
 (right) march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, for- 
 ward, and outward with heel raising in series go! Alter- 
 nate go! The same left (right) with heel raising and 
 knee bending go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward, sideways, and upward stretch! The 
 same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) leg sideways raise! 
 Backward move! Forward more! Sink! Left (right) 
 leg forward raise! Backward move! Sideways move! 
 Sink! 
 
 Front. Left arm half forward bend, right arm forward- 
 fling! Trunk backward bend! Arms change! Change! 
 Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend and feet sideways place ! 
 Trunk forward bend! Arm flinging sideways one! Two! 
 Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward fling! Trunk to left (right) 
 bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Jump sideways left (right) one! Two! Three- 
 four! Five! Six!
 
 SEVENTH YEAR 163 
 
 Breathing Arms upward bend ! Arm stretching upward 
 and alternate leg raising sideways one! Two! Etc. 
 
 Jump. Jump sideways left one! Two! Three-four! 
 Five! Six! Jump directly sideways toward the left, on 
 "three- four."
 
 164 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left (right], face left (right), face half left 
 (right) march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm ! Left (right} foot placing sideways, back- 
 ward-outward, and backward in series go! Alternate 
 go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward, backward, and upward stretch! The 
 same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm ! Left (right) leg sideways raise! 
 Backward move! Forward wove! Sink! Left (right) 
 leg forward raise! Backward move! Sideways move! 
 Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms half sideways bend! Trunk backward- 
 bend! Arm stretching upward one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend ! Trunk forward- 
 bend! Arm flinging sideways one! Two! Trunk 
 raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward fling and left foot outward 
 place! Trunk to left twist! Forward twist! Arms 
 forward fling and feet change! Resume. 
 
 Jump. Left arm'forward bend, right arm sideways fling! 
 Jump sideways left (right), change arms by flinging 
 one! Etc.
 
 SEVENTH YEAR 165 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend! Arm stretching upward 
 with alternate leg raising sideways and opposite knee bend- 
 ing one! Two! Etc. 
 
 Jump. Jump sideways left, change arms by flinging 
 one! Etc. Jump sideways left and change the arms on 
 "three-four."
 
 100 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half Left (right), face right (left), face half left 
 (right) march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm ! Left (right) foot placing sideways, back- 
 ward-outward, and backward with heel raising in series 
 got Alternate go! The same left (right) with heel 
 raising and knee bending go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, sideways, and downward stretch! 
 The same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right) leg sideways 
 raise! Backward move! Forward move! Sink! Left 
 (right) leg forward raise! Backward move! Sideways 
 move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Left arm half sideways bend, right arm forward- 
 upward fling! Trunk backward bend! Arms change! 
 Change! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half forward bend and feet sideways place! 
 Trunk forward bend! Arm flinging sideways one! Two! 
 Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms upward stretch and feet sideways 
 place! Trunk to left (right) bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Jump sideways left (right), cross step right (left) 
 go! One! Two-three! Four! Five!
 
 SEVENTH YEAR 167 
 
 Breathing. Anns upward bend ! Arm stretching upward 
 with alternate kg raising forward one! Two! Etc. 
 
 Jump. Jump sideways left, cross step right go! One! 
 Two-three! Four! Five! Jump to the left on "three-four."
 
 168 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right], face right (left], face half right (left) 
 march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm ! Left (right) foot placing sideways, back- 
 ward, and backward-outward in series go! Alternate 
 go! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, forward, and downward stretch! 
 The same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) knee upward bend! 
 Replace! Fig. 20. 
 
 Front. Left arm upward bend, right arm sideways fling! 
 Trunk backward bend! By stretching, arms change! 
 Change! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half forward bend! Trunk forward bend! 
 Arm flinging sideways one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms upward stretch and feet side ways- 
 place! Trunk to left (right) twist! Forward twist! 
 
 Jump. Left (right) arm forward bend, right (left) arm 
 sideways fling! Jump sideways left (right], cross step 
 right (left), change the arms by flinging go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend! Arm stretching upward 
 with alternate leg raising forward and opposite knee bending 
 one! Two! Etc.
 
 FIG. 20. KNEE UPWARD BEND. 
 
 ( 169)
 
 170 GYMNASTIC KXEKdSKS 
 
 Balance. Left knee upward bend! Bond the left knee 
 upward in front of the body until there is a right angle at the 
 hip and at the knee; the instep should be extended and the 
 toes pointed toward the floor; keep the body erect.
 
 SEVENTH YEAR 171 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face right (left), face half left (right) 
 
 march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, back- 
 ward, and backivard- outward with heel raising in series 
 
 go! Alternate go! The same left (right) with heel 
 
 raising and knee bending go! Alternate go! 
 Arm. Arms backward, upward, and downward stretch! The 
 
 same in series stretch! 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) knee upward bend! 
 
 Replace! 
 Front. Left arm upward bend, right arm forward fling! 
 
 Trunk backward bend! By stretching, arms change! 
 
 Change! Trunk raise! 
 Back. Arms half forward bend and feet sideways place! 
 
 Trunk forward bend! Arm bending forward one! Two! 
 
 Trunk raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms upward stretch and left foot forward 
 
 place! Trunk to left bend! Raise! Arms upward 
 
 stretch and feet change! Etc. 
 Jump. Half left face! Jump outward left (right) one! 
 
 Two! Three- four! Five! Six! 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend! Arm stretching upward 
 
 and alternate leg raising backward one! Two! Etc.
 
 172 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right}, face half left (right), face left (right] 
 march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, for- 
 ward, and backward in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, downward, and sideways stretch! 
 The same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right) knee upward 
 bend! Replace! 
 
 Front. Left arm upward bend, right arm backward fling! 
 Trunk backward betid! By stretching, arms change! 
 Change! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half forward bend! Trunk forward bend! 
 Arm bending forward one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms upward stretch and left foot outward 
 place! Trunk to left twist! Forward twist! Arms 
 upward stretch and feet change! Resume. 
 
 Jump. Half left face! Jump outward left (right), cross 
 step right (left) go! One! Tiro-three! Four! Five! 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend! Arm. stretching upward 
 with alternate leg raising backward and opposite knee bend- 
 ing one! Two! Ftc.
 
 SEVENTH YEAR 173 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face half right (left), face left (right] 
 march ! 
 
 Leg Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, for- 
 ward, and backward with heel raising in series go! 
 Alternate go! The same left (right) with heel raising 
 and knee bending go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, forward, and sideways stretch! The 
 same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) knee upward bend! 
 Forward stretch! Bend! Replace! 
 
 Front. Left arm upward bend, right arm sideways-upward 
 fling! Trunk backward bend! By stretching, arms 
 change! Change! Trunk raise! 
 
 Back. Arms forward stretch and feet sideways place! 
 Trunk forward bend ! Arm flinging sideways one! 
 Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward-upward fling and feet- 
 close! Trunk to left (right) bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm ! Jump forward, facing 90 to left (right) 
 one! Two! Three-four! Five! Six! Mark time- 
 mark ! 
 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideways with head bending back- 
 ward one! Two! Etc.
 
 174 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Balance. Left knee upward bend! Forward stretch! 
 Straighten the leg forward, lowering as little at the hip as 
 possible, at the same time keeping the body erect and the 
 stationary knee straight.
 
 EIGHTH YEAR. 
 
 The Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, 
 Fourteenth, and the Fifteenth Days' 
 Orders of the Seventh Year become 
 the First, Second, Third, Fourth, and 
 the Fifth of the Eighth Year, 
 
 (175)
 
 EIGHTH YEAR 177 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER, 
 
 Order. Face left (right], face right (left], face right (left) 
 about march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, back- 
 ward, and forward in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, upward, and sideways stretch! The 
 xamc in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) knee upward bend! 
 Forward stretch! Bend! Replace! 
 
 Front. Hips firm and left (right) foot outward place! 
 Trunk to left (right) twist! Backward bend! Raise! 
 Forward twixt ! 
 
 Back. Anns forward fling! Trunk forward bend! Arm 
 flinging sideways one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward- upward fling and feet- 
 close! Trunk to left (right) twist! Forward twist! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward, facing 90 to left (right), flinging the 
 arm* forward one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideways with head bending back- 
 ward and knee bending one! Two! Etc. 
 
 12
 
 178 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face right (left), face left (right) 
 about march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, back- 
 ward, and forward with heel raising in series go! Alter- 
 nate go! The same left (right) with heel raising and 
 knee bending go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, downward, and forward stretch! 
 The same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms forward raise! Left (right) knee upward 
 bend! Forward stretch! Bend! Replace! 
 
 Front. Hips firm! Trunk to left (right) twist! Back- 
 ward bend! Raise! Forward twist! 
 
 Back. Left arm forward bend, right arm sideways fling, 
 and feet sideways place! Trunk forward bend! Arms 
 change! Change! Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Feet close! Arms forward-upward fling 
 and left foot forward place! Trunk to left bend! 
 Raise! Arms forward- upward fling and feet change! 
 Resume. 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 1 start step left (right), facing 
 90 to right (lefl)-go! One! Two-three! Four! Five! 
 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideways with head bending back- 
 ward and heel raising one! Two! Etc.
 
 EIGHTH YEAR 179 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face left (right) about, face left (right) 
 march ! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, for- 
 ward, and backward-outward in series go! Alternate 
 
 y 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, sideways, and forward stretch! The 
 
 . same in series stretch! 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) knee upward bend! 
 
 Backward stretch! Bend! Replace! 
 Front. Hips firm and feet close! Trunk to left (right) 
 
 twist! Backward bend! Raise! Forward twist! 
 Back. Left arm sideways fling, right arm forward bend ! 
 
 Trunk forward bend! Arms change! Change! Trunk 
 
 raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward-upward fling and left foot 
 
 outward place! Trunk to left twist! Forward twist! 
 
 Arms sideways-upward fling and feet change ! Resume. 
 Jump. Jump forward with 1 start step left (right), facing 
 
 90 to right (left), flinging the arms forward go! One! 
 
 Etc. 
 Breathing. With palms up, arms sideways raise! Arm 
 
 raising upward with head bending backward and knee 
 
 bending one! Two! Etc.
 
 180 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), /ace right (left) about, face left (right) 
 march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing tideways, for- 
 ward, and backward-outward with heel raiting in series 
 go! Alternate go! The same left (right) with heel 
 raising and knee bendinggo! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, upward, and forward stretch! The 
 same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) knee upward bend! 
 Backward stretch! Bend! Replace! 
 
 Front. Neck firm and left fright) foot outward place! 
 Trunk to left (right) twist! Backward bend! Raise! 
 Forward twist ! 
 
 Back. Left arm sideways fling, right arm half sideways 
 bend and feet sideways place! Trunk forward bend! 
 Arms change! Change! Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm downward, right arm upward 
 stretch and feet sideways place! Trunk to left bend! 
 Raise! Arms change! Resume. 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 2 start steps left (right), facing 
 90 left (right) go! One! Two! Three-four! Five! 
 Six! 
 
 Breathing. With palms up, arms sideways fling! Arm 
 raising upward with head bending backward and heel rais- 
 ing one! Two! Etc.
 
 EIGHTH YEAR 181 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right) about, face right (left) about, face 
 right (left) march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, back- 
 ward- outward, and forward in series go! Alternate 
 
 -go 
 
 Ann. Arms backward, downward, and upward stretch! The 
 
 same in series stretch! 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right) knee upward 
 
 bend! Backward stretch! Bend! Replace! 
 Front. Neck firm! Trunk to left (right) twist! Back- 
 ward bend! Raise! Forward twist! 
 Back. Left arm half forward bend, right arm sideways 
 
 fling and feet sideways place! Trunk forward bend! 
 
 Arms change! Change! Trunk raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm downward, right arm upward 
 
 stretch and feet sideways place! Trunk to left twist! 
 
 Forward twist! Arms change! Resume. 
 Jump. Jump forward with 2 start steps left (right), facing 
 
 90 to right (left), flinging the arms forward go! One! 
 
 Etc. 
 Breathing. Hips firm! Arm moving sideways with head 
 
 bending backward and knee bending one! Two! Etc.
 
 182 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right) about, face right (left) about, face left 
 (right) march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, back- 
 ward-outward, and forward with heel raising in series 
 go! Alternate go! The same left (right) with heel 
 raising and knee betiding go! Alternate go! 
 
 Ann. Arms backward, sideways, and upward stretch! The 
 same in seriesstretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) knee upward bend! 
 Sideways move! Forward move! Replace! 
 
 Front. Neck firm and feet close! Trunk to left (right) 
 twist! Backward bend! Raise! Forward twist! 
 
 Back. Left arm forward, right arm half forward bend and 
 feet sideways place! Trunk forward bend! Arms 
 change! Change! Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm downward, right arm upward- 
 stretch! Trunk to left bend! Raise! Arms change! 
 Resume. 
 
 Jump. Jump forward, facing 180 to left (right) one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Hips firm! Arm moving sideways with head 
 bending backward and heel raising one! Two! Etc. 
 
 Balance. Sideways move! Move the bended knee to the 
 side, keeping the same angle at the knee and at the hip. Do 
 not turn the body.
 
 EIGHTH YEAR 183 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right} about, face left (right), face left (right) 
 about march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right) foot placing videwayx, out- 
 ward, and backward in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, forward, and upward stretch! The 
 same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) knee upward bend! 
 Sideways move! Forward move! Replace! 
 
 Front. Arms sideways fling and left foot outward place! 
 Trunk to left twist! Backward bend! Raise! Forward 
 twist! Arms sideways fling and feet change! Resume. 
 
 Back. Left arm forward, right arm half sideways bend and 
 feet sideways place! Trunk forward bend! Arms 
 change! Change! Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm downward, right arm upward- 
 stretch! Trunk to left twist! Forward twist! Arms 
 change! Resume! 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Jump forward with 1 start step left 
 (right), facing 180 left (right) go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward bend! Arm raising sideways 
 with head bending backward and knee bending one! Two! 
 Etc.
 
 184 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right] about, face right (left), face left (right) 
 about march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, out- 
 ward, and backward with heel raising in series go! 
 Alternate go! The same left (right) with heel raising 
 and knee bending go! Alternate go! 
 
 Ann. Arms upward, sideways, and downward stretch! The 
 same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways raise! Left (right) knee upward 
 bend! Sideways more! Forward more! Replace! 
 
 Front. Arms sideways raise! Trunk to left (right) 
 twist! Backward bend! Raise! Forward twist! 
 
 Back. Arms half forward bend and feet sideways place! 
 Trunk forward bend! Arm stretching forward one! 
 Two ! Tru n k raise ! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm downward, right arm upward 
 stretch and left foot forward place! Trunk to left- 
 bend! Raise! Arms and feet change! Resume. 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Jump forward with 2 start steps, left 
 (right), facing ISO riyht (left) go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward bend! Ann raising sideways 
 with head bending backward and heel raising one! Two! 
 Etc.
 
 EIGHTH YEAR 185 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left (right], face half right (left), face right 
 (left) march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm! Left (right} foot placing sideways, back- 
 ward, and outward in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward, forward, and downward stretch! The 
 same in series stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm! Left (right) knee upward bend! 
 Sideways move! Stretch! Forward move! Replace! 
 
 Front. Arms sideways fling and feet close! Trunk to left 
 (right) twist! Backward bend! Raise! Forward 
 twist! 
 
 Back. Left arm forward fling, right arm half forward bend 
 and feet sideways place! Trunk forward bend! Slowly, 
 arms change! Change! Trunk raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm downward, right arm upward 
 stretch and left foot outward place! Trunk to left- 
 twist! Forward twist! Arms and feet change! Resume. 
 
 Jump. Hips firm! Jump forward with 1 start step left 
 (right], facing 270 to left (right} go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward bend! Arm raising sideways 
 with head bending backward, heel raising, and knee bending 
 one! Two! Etc. 
 
 Balance. Stretch! The straightened leg is in the posi- 
 tion of "leg sideways raise."
 
 180 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left (right), face half right (left), face left 
 
 (right) about march ! 
 Leg. Hips firm! Left (right) foot placing backward and 
 
 outward with heel mixing in series go! Alternate go! 
 
 The same left (right) with heel raising and knee bending 
 
 go ! A Iternate go ! 
 Arm. Arms upward, backward, and downward stretch! The 
 
 same in series stretch! 
 Balance. Neck firm! Left (right) knee upward bend! 
 
 Sideways move! Stretch! Forward move! Replace! 
 Front. Arms forward bend and left (right) foot outward 
 
 place! Trunk to left (right) twist! Backward bend! 
 
 Raise! Forward twist! 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend and feet sideways place ! 
 
 Trunk forward bend! Slowly, arm stretching upward- 
 one! Two! Trunk raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm downward, right arm upward 
 
 stretch and feet close! Trunk to left bend! Raise! 
 
 Arms change! Resume. 
 Jump. Hips firm! Jump forward with 2 start steps left 
 
 (right), facing 270 right (left) go! One! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arms forward rai.se! Arm raising sideways 
 
 with head bending backward and knee bending one! Two!
 
 PART II. 
 
 FANCY STEPS. 
 
 (187)
 
 FANCY STEPS. 
 
 For the following Fancy Steps it is better to have a free 
 floor space, although nearly all may be done in the ordinary 
 classroom, either in single line or from the class formation 
 for general gymnastic exercises. 
 
 1. March Steps Forward. Walk forward accenting every 
 third count. In these steps, three steps are the three move- 
 ments, i. e., an advance with the left, an advance with the 
 right, and an advance with the left foot, and do not include 
 the fourth count, which would bring the heels together. 
 
 2. Touch Steps, a. Touch step sideways and step. With 
 instep extended and toes turned out, touch the toes of the 
 left foot to the left side on "one," step forward with the 
 same foot on "two." Repeat right. 
 
 6. Touch step sideways and step. 
 
 c. Touch step backward and step. 
 
 d. Cross touch step forward and step. 
 
 These touch steps may be taken by touching the toes 
 twice instead of once, the double touch step. 
 
 e. Touch the heel forw r ard and step. 
 
 Combine the touch steps with three steps forward, with 
 a bending of the stationary knee simultaneously with the 
 touch. 
 
 Combination of touch steps in two or more directions. 
 
 a. Touch forward, sideways and step (one or three steps). 
 
 b. Touch sideways, forward and step. 
 
 c. Touch forward, backward and step. 
 
 (189)
 
 190 FANCY STEPS 
 
 d. Touch heel forward, toe backward and step. 
 
 e. Touch forward, sideways, backward and step. 
 Combine touch steps in more than one direction with 
 
 bending of the stationary knee on the first and straighten- 
 ing on the second count. The touch is also called the 
 " point." 
 
 3. Swing Steps. Follow the general order of the touch 
 step series, substituting for the touch step raising of the 
 leg with straight knee. 
 
 4. Extension Step. Bend the knee of the advancing leg 
 upward on "one," straighten forward on "two," step on 
 "three." 
 
 5. Follow Steps. Advance the leading foot on "one," 
 bring the stationary foot to the advanced foot on "two." 
 
 a. Follow step forward. Advance forward each time 
 with the left foot leading. Repeat with the right. Advance 
 alternating left and right, two counts each. 
 
 6. Follow step sideways. To left or right the same as 
 follow step forward. 
 
 6. Follow Slide, a. Follow slide forward (sideways). 
 This is the same as the follow step, excepting that the 
 leading foot is slid along the floor and the following foot 
 is drawn along the floor to it. 
 
 b. Take the same with a slight bending of both knees on 
 the first count and straightening on the second. This is 
 developed into the polka glide, in which case the heels are 
 not brought together on the last count. 
 
 7. Change Step. The change step may be easily devel- 
 oped from the follow step, or the follow slide, by taking 
 three counts. Slide forward with the left foot on "one,"
 
 FANCY STEPS 191 
 
 bring the right foot to the left heel on "two," slide forward 
 with the left on "three." Repeat with the right. This 
 same 'combination, shortening the second count, makes 
 the two-step. In marching, whenever pupils are out of 
 step, one change step is taken to correct the error. 
 
 8. Balance Steps. These are a combination of step posi- 
 tions with double heel raising. They may be combined 
 with the follow steps to end a certain number of such steps. 
 
 a. Balance step forward. Step forward on "one," bring 
 the heels together and raise both heels on "two," lower 
 heels on "three." At first and in the lower grades this 
 exercise may be done in four counts. 
 
 b. Balance step sideways (backward). The same as the 
 forward balance, differing only in direction. 
 
 c . Balance touch step. Touch step in any direction and 
 raise both heels on "one," lower heels on "two," replace 
 foot on "three." This may be done at first to foilr counts. 
 Step to the left side on "one," touch step forward right 
 and raise heels on "two," lower on "three." Repeat to 
 right. 
 
 9. Hop Step (on place, forward, sideways), a. Step on 
 the left foot on "one," hop on the same foot, bringing the 
 toes of the right foot lightly against the left foot on " two." 
 Repeat right. This movement may be done while turning 
 360, one-quarter turn at each two counts. 
 
 6. The same as above, except the free leg is swung forward 
 in a cross direction. This is one of the steps of the military 
 schottische. 
 
 10. Skip Step. Take the hop step forward, raising the 
 free leg slightly to the front. The first step is a long one.
 
 192 FANCY STEPS 
 
 Combine three running steps with the hop to make a 
 schottische step, four counts. 
 
 Easy Combinations of Fundamental Steps. 1. Touch 
 and change step: Combine the touch steps with the change 
 step, substituting the change step for the walk step. 
 
 2. Swing step ; and change step. 
 
 3. Extension step and change step. 
 
 4. Follow steps and change step (in the upper grades). 
 
 5. Swing, touch and change steps. Swing the leg for- 
 ward on "one," touch forward on "two," and change step. 
 
 6. Extension, touch and change steps. 
 
 7. Walk step and point, alternating left and right. 
 
 a. \Yalk three steps forward and point. 
 
 b. Three side steps and point. 
 
 c. Three slide steps, sideways or forward and point. 
 Polka Slide or Glide. Take four slides, alternating left 
 
 and right (see follow slide). This may be done forward 
 Or sideways. In taking it sideways, turn the body 180 
 on the first slide. Three follow slides with the change 
 step added give a gavotte step. Bring the heels together 
 before taking the change step. 
 
 Polka Hop. This is a combination of swing hop and 
 change step, four counts. 
 
 Swing the left leg forward and hop on the right foot on 
 "one," follow with the change step, beginning with the 
 raised leg. 
 
 Polka Combinations. 1. Step to the left on "one," point 
 step forward right on "two." Same to the left. Four 
 counts in all. Polka hop, alternating left and right. The 
 same may be done in couples, facing each other in the step
 
 FANCY STEPS 11)3 
 
 and point, and facing the front for the polka hop, or sub- 
 stituting for the polka hop the polka glide, still keeping 
 the formation facing each other. Join inner hands, and 
 place outer hands upon the hips. 
 
 2. Balance side step, alternating left and right, six counts; 
 polka hop forward. 
 
 3. Balance step forward or sideways with polka slide. 
 
 4. Balance point, six counts; three slide steps and point. 
 
 5. Touch step forward heel, cross touch step backward 
 toe, and polka hop forward. This may be accompanied 
 by clapping of the hands during a portion of the steps. 
 
 Schottische Steps. Walk three steps forward and point 
 forward, four counts. Walk three steps forward, swing the 
 leg forward, four counts. Run three steps forward, swing 
 the leg forward. Run three steps forward and on the fourth 
 count swing the leg forward, at the same time hop on the 
 weight foot (three running steps and the hop swing). This 
 last is the schottische step. 
 
 1. Take schottische step forward left and right, eight 
 counts; hop step on place, eight counts. 
 
 2. Take schottische step forward, eight counts; hop swing 
 on place, eight counts. 
 
 Change Step Combination. In couples. Join inner 
 hands, outer hands placed upon the hips; begin with the 
 outside foot. 
 
 Change step forward, twelve counts. One on left circles 
 under raised joined hands, one on right takes short change 
 step forward, twelve counts. Reverse same. Change step 
 forward, twelve counts. Both circle under. Twelve counts. 
 
 Repeat. 
 
 13
 
 PART III. 
 
 GAME S. 
 
 Games and plays are a fundamental 
 principle in and a strong factor of gym- 
 nastic work. No scheme for physical 
 exercise is complete unless it recognizes 
 and to some extent provides for this 
 side of the classroom work. For this 
 reason a few such games, together with 
 others needing a free floor space, are 
 given to be used in connection with 
 the previous lessons. 
 
 (195)
 
 GAMES FOR THE CLASSROOM. 
 
 I. LAST DOWN. 
 
 The leader or teacher gives any gymnastic command 
 with which the pupils are familiar. Whoever fails to exe- 
 cute it quickly and accurately is told to sit down. If a 
 failure is made and not noticed by the leader the one mak- 
 ing it may correct it and remain standing, provided the 
 correction is not noticed. The last one down wins the 
 game. 
 
 II. BEAN BAG GAMES. (PASSING.) 
 
 Practise passing the bag first while the pupils are seated, 
 as it is easier to detect and correct mistakes. 
 1. Vertical Passing (pupils seated). 
 
 o o o o 
 
 4321 
 
 a. Place one bean bag in front of each form. At a given 
 signal the bags are taken up by the first pupils and passed, 
 
 (197)
 
 198 GAMES 
 
 without skipping any pupil, to the back of the class. The 
 last pupil in the form holds up the bag as soon as it is 
 received and scores a point for that form. 
 
 b. Pass to the front. 
 
 c. Pass to the back and to the front without stopping. 
 
 d. \Vith a bag for forms 1 and 3 each, pass back in 1 and 
 3 and front in 2 and 4 without stopping. 
 
 2. Vertical Multi-passing (pupils seated), a. Each form 
 has four bags placed on the front desk. Pass the bags in 
 quick succession as in No. 1 a. No pupil should have two 
 bags in his hands at the same time. Each pupil must take 
 each bag in turn. If the last pupil in any form places all 
 the bags in his form on his desk first, that form wins. 
 
 b. Pass in the same w y ay to the front. 
 
 c. Pass as in No. 1 d. 
 
 3. Circle Passing (pupils standing), a. Arrange the class 
 in a circle around the room. 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 o o 
 
 o o 
 
 o o 
 
 o o 
 
 Pass as quickly as possible one bag from 1 to 20. Pass 
 from 20 to 1.
 
 FOR THE CLASSROOM 199 
 
 b. Place two bags on the desk by No. 1. Pass from 1 to 
 20. Start the second bag when the first has reached the 
 third pupil. Pass in like manner from 20 to 1. 
 
 c. Pass the bags twice around the circle without stopping. 
 The number of bags may be increased. 
 
 4. Semicircle Passing (pupils standing), a. Divide the 
 circle into two halves, groups A and B. Each division 
 passes a bag from the first to the tenth. Score for the win- 
 ning side. Pass in the same way from the tenth to the 
 first. 
 
 b. Pass as in No. 3 b two or more bags from 1 
 to 10. 
 
 5. Circular Passing (pupils standing), a. Pass the bag 
 as in No. 4 a, excepting that the bag is passed around in 
 Group A, from the right hand to the left around the body 
 to the right hand again and then to the pupil on the left. 
 In Group B it is passed in the opposite manner. 
 
 b. Pass as in a, using two or more bags, one after the 
 other. 
 
 6. Sideways Passing. Pupils stand and face right or left, 
 toward the side of the room. 
 
 a. Pass as in No. 1 a. 
 
 b. Pass as in No. 1 b. 
 
 c. Pass as in No. 1 c. 
 
 d. Pass as in No. 1 d, having forms 1 and 2. 3 and 4, facing 
 each other. 
 
 e. Pass as in d, using several bags instead of one. 
 
 /. In the upper grades, pass one bag a certain number of 
 times as "back, front, back," or "back, front, and back 
 three pupils," the last one always holding it up.
 
 2<X) GAMES 
 
 7. Vertical Overhead Passing. The class stands facing 
 the front of the room. 
 
 a. Pass in each form a bag to the back, over the head, 
 using both hands. 
 
 b. Face about and pass to the front in the same way. 
 
 c. Combine a and b. 
 
 8. Zig-zag Passing. The pupils in each two forms face 
 
 each other and stand diagonally opposite. 
 
 a. Pass a bag from 1 to 2, from 2 to 3, etc., 
 to the back. 
 
 o b. Pass to the back and again to the front 
 
 without stopping. Score either one point for 
 
 the winning group, or the number of points 
 made over the other, that is, if No. 6 of Group 
 A has the bag when the last one in Group B 
 
 o ! has one, Group B makes four points. If there 
 are an uneven number in any group the bag 
 may be passed back from the last to the number neces- 
 sary to make the sides even. 
 
 III. BEAN BAG. (Rrxxixo.) 
 
 1. Desk Bean Bag (sitting). Place one bag on each of the 
 desks in the front row. The pupils in the first row across 
 stand, and, at a given signal, take the bag-, run to the back 
 and place them on the corresponding desks at the back, 
 then return to their own seats, taking the position of 
 "attention" in sitting. The pupil obtaining the best and 
 quickest result scores a point for his form. The next row
 
 FOR THE CLASSROOM 201 
 
 now stands, and, at a signal, returns the bags to the front 
 desks and takes the sitting "attention" position. This is 
 repeated, changing the bags from the front to the back 
 and from the back to the front desks, until all the pupils 
 have had a chance. 
 
 2. Desk Bean Bag (standing). Change the bags as in 
 No. 1, but instead of the pupils starting from the desks, 
 each row in turn starts from the back of the room, and, 
 after placing the bags in the required positions, runs 
 back to the starting position and takes the standing 
 position of "attention." After all have run the first 
 pupil to score from each form may now compete with 
 each other. 
 
 3. Desk Bean Bag (circle). The pupils stand in a semi- 
 circle around the room, with a space at the back the 
 length of the row of desks. The first four or five, corre- 
 sponding to the number of aisles, march forward and run 
 as in No. 2. When the first group has finished it moves to 
 the other end of the semicircle, and the next group moves 
 to take its place. This is repeated until all have had a 
 chance to run. 
 
 4. Aisle Run. Form two semicircles around the room. 
 Place a chair at the front of the room at equal distance 
 from the farther ends of the two lines. Pass a bag from 
 each No. 1 pupil to the end. When the last pupil gets 
 the bag he runs forward down one of the aisles and places 
 it upon the chair. The side succeeding in getting the bag 
 first on the chair scores a point. The runners may now 
 take their places at the beginning and the next move for- 
 ward to the position of runners, or the same pupils may
 
 202 GAMES 
 
 remain runners throughout the game. Count the points 
 at the end of the game. 
 
 Runner. Runner. 
 
 O 
 
 O O 
 
 O O 
 
 AC oB 
 
 O O 
 
 O O 
 
 01 10 
 X 
 
 Chair. 
 
 5. Last to the Front. The pupils are arranged with a 
 vacant aisle between each form. Those in the front row 
 
 have handkerchiefs tied around their arms. Each form 
 has a bag which is passed from the front to the back. 
 When the last one gets the bag he runs down the right 
 vacant aisle and stands in the position previously occupied 
 by the first pupil, all moving a step toward the back. 
 The passing and changing are repeated until the leaders 
 are again back in place and all in that form are in
 
 FOR THE CLASSROOM 203 
 
 their original positions. The form first succeeding in 
 this wins. 
 
 IV. BEAN BAG. (THROWING.) 
 
 1. Zigzag Toss. Arrange the pupils in the zigzag position 
 of No. 8 bag passing. Stand so that each touches the desk 
 or the seat behind. 
 
 a. Toss the bag instead of passing, as in No. 8 . 
 
 b. Toss back and front without stopping. 
 
 2. Centre Toss. Arrange the pupils in a semicircle, facing 
 the centre. Select one to stand in the centre of the semi- 
 circle, holding a bag. 
 
 o o 
 
 Centre. 
 
 03 
 
 02 
 
 O 1 
 Head. 
 
 Foot. 
 
 The centre tosses to No. 1, who tosses it back to the 
 centre; centre now tosses it to No. 2, who tosses it back 
 again. This is repeated with every player. Whoever fails 
 to catch the bag or make a fair toss goes to the foot. If 
 the centre fails he goes to the foot and the head, or No. 1, 
 ta^ces his place. 
 
 3. Cross Centre Toss. The arrangement of the pupils is 
 the same as in No. 2. Two bags are used instead of one.
 
 204 GAMES 
 
 No. 1 throws to the centre, as the centre throws to No. 2. 
 No. 2 throws to the centre, as the centre throws to No. 3, 
 etc., the bags crossing in the toss. 
 
 4. Circle Pitching. Arrange the class in two semicircles 
 around the room with an open space at the front and back. 
 
 o o 
 
 A o o B 
 
 o o 
 
 10 01 
 
 X X Distance 
 
 S~*\ point. 
 
 Draw a circle with chalk on the floor in the front of room 
 and mark off an equal distance on opposite sides of the 
 circle. No. 1 pupil from each group stands upon the mark 
 on his side, holding a bean bag. Each tries to throw the 
 bag into the circle. If the bag projects beyond the chalk- 
 line it does not count. After throwing, the pupils pass up 
 the nearest aisle and take their places at the other end of 
 the lines. The next in order pick up the bags and throw as 
 the first. Allow the Groups A and B to alternate in the 
 first throw. One-half of the circle should be marked one 
 color and one-half another color, and the groups named 
 accordingly. Two circles may be used after the pupils 
 have had practice in throwing, but one circle is better 
 at first, especially for the lower grades, as two divide the 
 attention.
 
 FOR THE CLASSROOM 
 
 205 
 
 5. Multi-circle Pitching. Mark opposite each aisle as 
 many circles on the floor in front of the room as there 
 are aisles. Select an equal distance from the circles in the 
 direction of the several aisles. Modify the distance to suit 
 the grade. The circles may be numbered or drawn in 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o o o o 
 
 1234 
 
 different colors, or half the number of circles may be one 
 color and half another. Each pupil in the front row 
 stands upon a distance-mark and holds a bean bag, 
 which, at a signal, he tries to throw into a circle in 
 front, after which this row is seated and the next row 
 goes forward to pick up the bag and throw in turn. 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 6. Frame Pitching. Mark out a frame upon the floor in 
 the front of the room. The pupils may stand as in No. 4, 
 or remain seated until their turn to throw.
 
 200 
 
 GAMES 
 
 Each pupil in throwing stands upon a marked "distance- 
 point" and tries to throw upon the highest number, or to 
 dislodge an opponent's bag, and still remain upon a square. 
 Each side throws alternately. If the clasp is small each 
 pupil may have two throws in succession, otherwise only 
 one. When six bags have been thrown the score is counted 
 and the game then continues as before. The bags belong- 
 ing to each side must be designated in some way. This may 
 be done by sewing a piece of red worsted into one-half of 
 them. 
 
 V. BALI, GAMES. 
 
 Almost all the passing games with the bean bags may 
 
 be played by substituting balls. Any kind of ball will do 
 
 for passing. 
 
 1. Desk Roll. The pupils stand, the two neighboring 
 
 forms facing, with the tops of the desks between. 
 
 No. 1, who remains seated in front, passes 
 a ball to No. 2, who rolls it across the top 
 of the desk to No. 3, No. 3 passes it to No. 
 4, No. 4 rolls it to No. 5, and so on until it 
 reaches No. 9, when it is started back in 
 the opposite direction. When No. 1 gets the 
 ball he stands and holds it up. The first 
 group to finish wins. An error is made if the 
 ball is dropped and not returned to the one 
 dropping it; if the ball is passed across the 
 desk instead of rolled; if the ball is passed to 
 the wrong one. If an error is not corrected 
 
 the group making it is barred from scoring at that time. 
 
 If there are more pupils than can play at the same time
 
 FOR THE CLASSROOM 207 
 
 allow the extra ones to change places with those playing 
 whenever an error, or several errors, are made and not 
 corrected. It is difficult for one person to watch more than 
 two groups at once. 
 
 2. Zigzag Toss. As No. 1 bean bag (throwing). 
 
 3. Guess Ball. The pupils remain seated, excepting the 
 one who is selected to go to the front of the room. This 
 one stands with his back to the class. The pupils have a 
 soft rubber ball which is passed from right to left, or vice 
 versa, while the one in front counts to a certain designated 
 number and calls '' throw!" Whoever has the ball tries 
 to hit the counter, who quickly turns and guesses who 
 threw the ball. If he succeeds the two change places; if 
 not the game goes on with the same counter. 
 
 4. Bounce Ball. Use a soft rubber ball which bounces 
 well. The pupils are seated. Mark a circle on the black- 
 board in front, higher than the heads of the pupils when 
 standing, a larger circle for the lower grades. Appoint 
 some one to start the game. This pupil rises and throws 
 the ball at the marked circle, making it bounce back among 
 the pupils, who try to catch it, but without leaving their 
 seats. If it rolls on the floor a pupil may reach for it, but 
 must not leave his seat. Whoever gets it stands and 
 throws it at the circle, unless he has previously done so, 
 in which case he tosses it to the nearest pupil who has not 
 already thrown it. The pupils stand in throwing the ball 
 either at the circle or to another pupil. If desirable, points 
 may be counted when the inside of the circle is hit, but in 
 the lower grades the primary interest is catching and 
 throwing the ball. In the higher grades the class may be
 
 2()S GAMES 
 
 divided into two groups and the points made by the two 
 groups scored. It may be better to place the poorer 
 catchers and throwers in front. 
 
 5. Centre Toss. As in No. 2 bean bag (throwing). 
 
 6. Cross Centre Toss. As in No. 3 bean bag (throwing). 
 
 7. Form Toss. 
 
 o o o o 
 o o o o 
 
 4321 
 
 Pass a rubber ball to each pupil in form 1. Forms 1 
 and 3 stand and face each other. The pupils in form 1 
 throw to their opposites in form 3. Score for 3 the number 
 of points made. A catch counts one point. Form 3 now 
 throws to form 1 and form 1 scores. The balls are now 
 passed to form 2. 1 and 3 are seated. 2 and 4 stand and 
 continue the game. A very poor throw is barred. After 
 playing a certain length of time scores made by each form 
 are added. 
 
 Instead of scoring for each separate form 1 and 3 may 
 be Group A and play together; 2 and 4, Group B and play 
 together. The scores count for the groups instead of for 
 the forms. If there are six forms the distance may be 
 doubled, 1 and 4, 2 and 5, 3 and 6 tossing the ball to each 
 other.
 
 FOR THE CLASSROOM 200 
 
 8. Last to the Front. Use a basket-ball, a. If only two 
 balls are used the pupils stand in two semicircles, facing 
 the front of the room. The game is similar to No. 5 bean 
 bag (running). The ball must be passed over the head 
 with both hands. If it is dropped it must be returned to 
 the pupil who dropped it. 
 
 6. The same general arrangement, but the feet are placed 
 sideways. Roll the ball between the feet instead of passing 
 it over the head. 
 
 c. The same arrangement as 6. Each form, first pass 
 the ball over the head and then roll between the feet. 
 
 9. Volley Ball. Use a large gas-ball. Divide the room 
 into tw T o parts, using the centre aisle as the dividing area. 
 Any number of players are arranged in the three or 
 four aisles on either side of the centre and facing it. All 
 the players on one side of the centre belong to that side. 
 The boundary lines are chosen in accordance with the shape 
 of the room. 
 
 The ball is put in play by a pupil tossing it in the air, as 
 in tennis, and serving with the palm of the hand. Players 
 serve in succession, alternating with one of the opponents. 
 If the server on the first or second trial puts the ball into 
 the opponent's court (the space enclosed by the centre 
 aisle and the boundary lines) it is a successful serve. A 
 successful server may continue to serve until the opponents 
 score. A score is made whenever the opponents fail to 
 return the ball. The ball is kept in play as long as the 
 players keep the ball in motion back and forth from one 
 side to the other. Serves and returns are made with the 
 palm of the hand. When the ball strikes outside of the 
 
 14
 
 210 GAMER 
 
 boundary linos or in the centre aisle it is "out" and no 
 score is made. Service now goes to the opponents. If the 
 ball strikes any part of the room, excepting the floor, and 
 bounces back within the court it is still in play. It is a 
 foul to catch or hold the ball, and counts a point for the 
 opposite side. 
 
 The game is in two halves, with a rest between ; change 
 sides of room at the beginning of the second half. 
 
 Appoint a scorekeeper and two or more boundary 
 judges, the latter to see when the ball is "out." The 
 Instructor may act as referee, timekeeper, etc.
 
 GAMES FOR THE GYMNASIUM OR PLAYROOM. 
 
 Cat and Rat. The players join hands and form a circle 
 facing the centre. Any two players standing side by side 
 are selected, one for the cat and the other for the rat, step- 
 ping out of the circle. The space occupied by these is left 
 open for a door. The rat runs and the cat tries to catch it. 
 The rat is assisted by the other players, who raise their 
 joined hands, allowing him easily to pass under. Both 
 may pass through the door. When the rat is caught, or at 
 the end of a certain selected time, the next two on the right 
 of the door become cat and rat. 
 
 Slap Jack. One player is chosen "it," the rest, form a 
 close circle. The one who is "it" slaps a member of the 
 circle on the back and continues running in the same direc- 
 tion. The one slapped quickly leaves the circle and runs 
 in the opposite direction. Each tries to reach the vacant 
 place in the circle first. The one w r ho does not, becomes 
 "it." To vary the game, the runners may bow, shake 
 hands, hop around each other, or make any other selected 
 movement when they meet and pass. If the one w r ho is 
 "it" goes around the circle before slapping a player, he 
 loses his chance. 
 
 Three-deep Tag. The players form in twos, standing 
 directly behind each other in a circle, facing the centre, 
 with considerable space between each couple. Two players 
 are chosen; one as catcher, the other pursued. 
 
 ( 211 )
 
 212 GAMES 
 
 The pursued tries to get in front of a couple before he is 
 tagged; if lie succeeds he is safe. The outer one of that 
 group, who now is the third one, becomes the pursued and 
 must try in turn to get into a safe place in front of a couple. 
 If the pursued is tagged, he in turn becomes the catcher 
 and tries now to tag the previous catcher or any outer one 
 in a group of three. 
 
 O 
 
 
 O O 
 
 
 
 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 Last Couple Out. Two vertical lines are formed side by 
 side. One player, who is selected as catcher, stands in 
 front of and close to the others, with his back to them. He 
 calls " Last couple out!" or claps his hands, upon which the 
 last two separate, one running to one side, the other to 
 the other side of the players. The object of the two is to 
 meet anywhere in front of the two lines before the catcher 
 tags one. .If they succeed they take their places at the 
 head of the lines, standing directly behind the catcher. 
 If one is tagged, he in turn becomes the catcher, and the 
 other two stand at the head of the line. The catcher is
 
 FOR THE GYMNASIUM OR PLAYROOM 213 
 
 -^ 
 
 not allowed to turn his head to look back of his standing 
 position. 
 
 Stealing Sticks. Two goals are marked off, one at each 
 end of the room, in each of which are placed six sticks or 
 dumb-bells. A dividing line across the floor marks mid- 
 way between the goals. One-half the players are on each 
 side. Each side tries to prevent the opposite side from 
 stealing its sticks, at the same time trying to get the sticks 
 of the opponent. If an opponent is caught over the divid- 
 ing line, unless he is already within the goal, where he 
 cannot be caught, he becomes a prisoner and must remain 
 within the opponent's goal until rescued by a player from 
 his own side. If he succeeds in getting within the opponents' 
 goal he may then take one of the sticks back to his own 
 goal, unless there is a prisoner, in which case he rescues a 
 prisoner instead of taking a stick. The players must stand 
 near the dividing line and not near the goal. Whichever 
 side has the most sticks at the end of the game wins. 
 
 Fisherman. One player is selected as catcher, or fisher- 
 man, and stands near the centre of the room. When the 
 fisherman claps, the rest (the fish) try to run from one end 
 of the room to the other without being caught. When a 
 player is caught he joins hands with the fisherman, and 
 they become the net and the game proceeds as before. The 
 net must not break by letting go hands. After four or six 
 compose the net, there may be two equal nets instead of 
 one. When all are caught the last one becomes the new 
 fisherman. 
 
 Black and White. The players stand in two parallel lines 
 in the centre of the room, backs toward each other and
 
 214 GAMES 
 
 about two feet apart. One line is called black and the other 
 white. At equal distances parallel lines are drawn, beyond 
 which are the goals. A disk, one side black and the other 
 white, is spun; which color falls uppermost is called aloud 
 by the one spinning the disk; if black, the line called black 
 must run toward their goal, the other trying to tag them. 
 When a player is tagged he joins the opposite side or drops 
 from the game. The side wins which has the greater 
 number of players at the end of the game. 
 
 Snatch Tag. Two groups of players are lined up, facing 
 each other, one at each end of the room. A handkerchief 
 is placed half-way between on a chair or on the top of an 
 Indian club. Upon a point directly opposite stands a 
 player from each side, who, at a given signal, runs forward 
 and tries to snatch the handkerchief and take it back to 
 his own side before being caught by the one who fails iu 
 snatching the handkerchief. If successful the opponent 
 stays on his side; if not, he must go to the other side. 
 
 Counter Tag. A similar game is played by placing some 
 object, as a chair or club, slightly nearer one side than the 
 other, the near side being the pursued, the other the catcher. 
 One from the pursued tries to run around the object and 
 back to place before being caught by one of the catchers. 
 The result of winning or failing is the same as in snatch tag. 
 
 Relay Race. Draw a certain number of numbered circles, 
 fivo or six, at one end of the room, in which are placed five 
 Indian clubs or dumb-bells. On a line with each of the 
 circles, at equal distances from each other and the circles, 
 mark five crosses. Players equal to the number of circles 
 try to see which can place the bells upon the crosses first,
 
 FOR THE GYMNASIUM OR PLAYROOM 215 
 
 only one bell being taken at a time. Whoever does this 
 first wins the set. The next set returns the bells to the 
 circles one at a time. All the bells must be within the circle 
 to count. The winners from each set may compete with 
 each other if the game is individual. 
 
 Clap Stand. One is selected as leader. The other players 
 stand at one end of the room. The leader stands in front 
 with back to the players and walks slowly toward the other 
 end of the room. When he claps his hands twice all of the 
 players run forward, but if he claps his hands once they 
 must stop perfectly still. If he catches any one moving, 
 that player is pointed out and goes to the rear of the other 
 players. Two claps are again given and the movement 
 forward is repeated. The object is to reach the other end 
 of the room first. If any player can succeed in stealing 
 f orwa: d after the one clap, he may take his chances of not 
 being caught and try. 
 
 BALL GAMES. 
 
 Zigzag Roll. Seat the players in a zigzag position in two 
 groups any required equal distance. Use either a large or 
 a small ball and roll in the same direction as zigzag toss in 
 No. 1 of bean bag (throwing). Count either a point for 
 the winning side, or as many points as determined by the 
 position of the opponent's ball when the winning group 
 finishes. 
 
 Tag Ball (passing). Use a rubber ball. The players 
 form in a circle facing the centre. One player is chosen 
 catcher and takes his place outside the circle. The ball is?
 
 216 GAMES 
 
 passed from right to loft, each player taking it. If the 
 catcher succeeds in touching the ball or the hand of the one 
 holding it, they change places. If the ball is dropped it 
 counts as a tag for the one dropping it. After passing from 
 right to left several times, pass from left to right, and later 
 either way, right or left. 
 
 Tag Ball (tossing). Use a basket-ball. The players 
 stand some distance apart in a circle, facing the centre. 
 Throw the ball instead of passing it as in the previous 
 game; otherwise it is played the same. A poor throw 
 counts against the player as a tag or a failure to catch 
 would. In this the catcher may run in the inside also. 
 
 Relay Ball. The players are divided into two groups, 
 each group stationed on opposite sides of the room in corre- 
 sponding positions, forming a triangle, a semicircle, a 
 straight line, or any selected form. A basket-ball is started 
 from the same position in either side and thrown in the same 
 sequence from one player to another. It may be returned 
 to the starting position or any other position may be 
 selected to finish the throwing, when the last to receive 
 it may either hold it or run and deposit it upon some 
 selected place. Whichever group does this first wins. 
 
 Dodge Ball. Use a soft rubber ball. The players form a 
 circle, within which are any selected number, say six. 
 Those composing the circle throw the ball and try to hit 
 those inside the circle. When they succeed, those hit join 
 the circle. A hit above the shoulders does not count. 
 When this set has joined the circle, the next six step inside 
 and so on until all have had a chance. 
 
 Diagonal Ball. Use rubber balls.
 
 FOR THE GYMNASIUM OR PLAYROOM 217 
 
 a. The players are divided into two groups, A's and B's, 
 and stand in two lines facing each other, so arranged that 
 one A is diagonally opposite another: 
 
 
 
 One ball is given to A and one to B at the same ends of 
 the lines. The object is to toss the ball in a diagonal 
 direction to the other end, and no B must touch an A ball. 
 Whichever side gets its ball down first wins. The balls 
 may be started at opposite ends of the lines, instead of at 
 one end. The A's may tie handkerchiefs around their arms 
 to distinguish them, and their ball may be of a different 
 color, but this is not necessary. This game may be played 
 in the classroom. 
 
 6. Arrange the players in the same way, each one a short 
 distance from his neighbor, standing upon a circle in which 
 no other player may step. Toss up between No. 1 in A 
 and B to see which has the ball at the start. Whichever 
 side secures the ball tries to toss it in a diagonal (zigzag) 
 manner all the way to the other end, in which case ten 
 points are made. If the direct diagonal direction is 
 guarded by the opponent the ball may be passed to others 
 of 'the same side until an opportunity is given to resume 
 correct succession. The opponents try to secure the ball, 
 in which case one point is scored. They in turn must try
 
 21 S GAMES 
 
 to pass it from either end to the other. Only the two 
 nearest opponents may try to interfere with the ball 
 when it is in play. 
 
 Over the Lines. Use a basket-ball. Two lines are drawn 
 across the centre of the floor about three feet apart, 
 a greater distance for older players. The players arc 
 divided into two equal groups, one group on one side, the 
 other on the other, placed so that the floor space on their 
 respective sides is well covered. One from each side is 
 chosen; these step to the centre between the two lines and 
 face each other. The ball is thrown into the air between 
 them and each tries to secure it for his own side. A score 
 is made when one side throws a ball that the opponents 
 fail to catch. The one who catches the ball must throw it. 
 He may throw it from the position caught or go up to his 
 own line. If a ball falls between the two lines it is a foul 
 and takes one point from the side throwing it. If desirable 
 a ball caught on the first bounce may be counted a catch. 
 This is splendid practice for basket-ball, and any number 
 may play. 
 
 Captain Ball. I'se a basket-ball. The players are divided 
 into two sides. A certain number of circles are drawn on 
 each side of a dividing line across the centre of the floor. 
 The circles on each side are arranged in a semicircle around 
 a common circle drawn near the dividing line. The number 
 of circles varies according to the number of players. Each 
 circle is guarded by a player from the opposite side. The 
 ball is thrown up between the two centres. 
 
 Each side tries to pass the ball from any circle to their 
 respective centre, or to pass the ball from Circle 1 in sue-
 
 FOR THE GYMNASIUM OR PLAYROOM 219 
 
 cession to Circle 5, or vice versa, in which case a point is 
 also scored. The opponents, as guards, try to prevent 
 this, and at the same time get the ball to a player on their 
 own side. The guards cannot step over the dividing line 
 
 B 'A 
 
 nor into one of the circles. A circle player must throw 
 the ball from his circle. He cannot go out of his circle 
 toward the centre to get the ball. The opponents cannot 
 go beyond the circles to get the ball.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Alternate heel and toe raising, 58 
 Arm circling, 55 
 circumduction, 82 
 flinging sideways, 53 
 raising, 62 
 forward, 62 
 sideways, 34 
 sideways-upward, 53 
 rotation, 53 
 stretching, 44 
 backward, 46 
 downward, 31 
 forward, 42 
 sideways, 36 
 star position, 50 
 upward, 52 
 Arms bending, 48 
 forward, 50 
 half-forward, 65 
 sideways, 58 
 upward, 31 
 Attention, 29 
 Cross step, 109 
 Facing, 56 
 about, 56 
 half, 52 
 
 left and right, 41 
 Fall out, 148 
 Fancy steps, 187 
 
 balance steps, 191 
 change step, 190 
 
 step combinations, 193 
 combinations of fundamental 
 
 steps, 192 
 extension step, 190 
 follow steps, 190 
 
 slide, 190 
 hop step, 191 
 
 Fancy steps 
 
 march steps forward, 189 
 polka slide, 192 
 combinations, 192 
 hop, 192 
 
 schottische steps, 193 
 skip step, 191 
 swing steps, 190 
 touch steps, 189 
 Feet close, 30 
 
 sideways place, 38 
 Foot placing, 35 
 backward, 35 
 outward, 44 
 forward, 35 
 outward, 42 
 sideways, 31 
 Forward dress, 60 
 Games for the classroom, 197 
 ball games, 206 
 bounce ball, 207 
 centre toss, 208 
 cross centre toss, 208 
 desk roll, 206 
 form toss, 208 
 guess ball, 207 
 last to the front, 209 
 volley ball, 209 
 zigzag toss, 207 
 bean bag passing, 197 
 circle passing, 198 
 circular passing, 199 
 semicircle passing, 199 
 sideways passing, 199 
 vertical passing (pupils 
 
 seated), 197 
 multi-passing (pupils 
 seated), 198 
 
 (221)
 
 INDEX 
 
 (lames for the classroom 
 
 vertical overhead pass- 
 ing, 199 
 
 zigzag passing, 200 
 bean bag running, 200 
 aisle run, 201 
 desk bean bag sitting, 
 
 200 
 
 circle, 201 
 standing, 201 
 last to the front, 202 
 bean bag throwing, 203 
 centre toss, 203 
 circle pitching, 204 
 cross centre toss, 203 
 frame pitching, 205 
 multi-circle pitching, 204 
 zigzag toss, 203 
 last down, 197 
 
 (lames for the gymnasium or play- 
 room, 21 1 
 
 black and white, 213 
 cat and rat, 21 1 
 clap stand, 215 
 counter tag, 214 
 fisherman, 213 
 last couple out, 212 
 relay race, ? -. 
 slap jack, 2il 
 scratch tag, 214 
 stealing stick, 213 
 three-deep tag, 211 
 ball games, 215 
 captain ball, 218 
 diagonal ball, 216 
 dodge ball, 216 
 over the line, 218 
 relay ball, 216 
 tag ball passing, 215 
 
 tossing, 216 
 zigzag roll, 215 
 Guide front, 35 
 
 left and right, 48 
 Halt, 60 
 
 Head bending, 30 
 backward, 30 
 sideways, 46 
 
 Head rotation, 42 
 
 twisting, 39 
 Heel raising, 31 
 Hips firm, 30 
 In place, rest, 29 
 Jump, 152 
 
 forward with one start step 
 
 152 
 in place, 66 
 
 facing 90, 122 
 prepare to jump, 62 
 sideways, 163 
 Jump, spring, 97 
 
 change to feet sideways, 97 
 
 change from touch step side- 
 ways, 105 
 
 in place, 78 
 Knee bending, 68 
 
 alternate upward, 69 
 
 backward, 81 
 
 bend, 38 
 
 deep bend, 75 
 
 upward, 170 
 sideways move, 182 
 Leg raising, 101 
 
 backward, 102 
 
 forward, 97 
 
 sideways, 87 
 Leg stretching, 83 
 
 backward, 83 
 
 forward, 1 74 
 March step, 38 
 
 backward, 38 
 
 forward, 38 
 
 sideways, 35 
 Mark time,' 60 
 
 quick, 76 
 Neck firm, 34 
 Position, 30 
 Resume, 54 
 Toe raising, 52 
 Touch step, 105 
 Trunk bending, 56 
 
 backward, 58 
 
 forward, 42 
 
 sideways, 58 
 twisting, 63
 
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