1^ THE\V^R IN CARTOONS Lifornia onal ity i [ V- -5 f I Compiled 6l Edited ly George J. Hecht. s^ . ir^" \i: THE WAR IN CARTOONS A History of the War in 100 Cartoons by 27 of the most prominent American Cartoonists CoupiLED AND Edited bt GEORGE J. HECHT rOUNDHB or TUB DCMCAU or 4-AnTOOKS couMrrrEB on public inpohuation PIBLISIIKD HY E. p. DLTTOX & COMPANY NEW YORK By Lute Pease in the Nervark News. "Though the mills of God grind slowly, Yet they gi-ind exceeding small; Though with patience He stands waiting, With exactness grinds He all." Friedrich von Logau. stack Annex eg CONTEXTS "Though the Mills of God Grind Slowly," Lute Pease . Fronthpiece tAom The Extinguisheh, O.tcar Cesare 11 Tiu: In<'?;.\i)I.\i/.so» Harding Ii3 His First Town, Rollin Kirhy 125 Another Great German Discovery, ./. //. Ding 127 One or the Other, .1. B. Chapin 129 Hindy's Fall Style DEtoRATioNs. Robert 11'. Sallerfield . . . 131 Congratulations from an Expert, Rollin Kirby 133 Seeing Stars, Harry Murphy 185 They Also Serve, Oscar Cesare 137 "The End of a Perfect Day," Gaar Williams 139 "I Too Am Against Yol!" Harry Murphy 141 Columbia's Greater Task, Charles Dana Gibson 143 Our Supergun Speaks, Charles H. Sykes 145 "Be It Ever so Humble," D. R. Fiizpairick 147 The Rats Are Beginning to Leave, J. X. Ding 149 "Bonds — ^YI1ICH!■'" Oscar Cesare 151 And He Only Got a Taste of It, Charles H. Sykes .... 153 The Wail of a Bully, .1. B. Chapin 155 "That Sk;nature Is no Good; Have the Lady Sign It," Fdiciu Marcus 157 "Peace — Kamerad!" .\elson Harding 159 "How Could I Hklp It? Allah Quit When He Found Gott Had Deserted!" Charles H. Sykes 161 Vandal in Victory, Vandal in Defeat, Rollin Kirby 163 Adjourning Politics for the Duration of the Wah, ./. .V. Ding . 165 X CONTENTS PAoa The Sweetheart of the Allies, Paul Fung 167 Dog — Gone It, Claude Shafer 169 The Yellow Streak, Nelson Harding 171 Peace on Earth, A. B. Chapin 173 The Gorgon's Head, Robert Carter 175 The Dawn of Tomorrow, J. H. Cassel 177 The Lost Returned, J. H. Cassel 179 Home, Rollin Kirby 181 Out at Last, Rollin Kirby 183 Thanksgiving Birds, Claude Shafer 185 "I Have to Report, Sir, the Job Is Done," Rollin Kirby . 187 "Die Wacht Am Rhein," 0. P. Williams 189 The Colors, John T. McCutcheou 191 Overbalanced, J. H. Cassel 193 Homeward Bound, 0. P. Williams 195 Ain't It a Grand and Glorious Feeling? Clare Briggs . . 197 The Message and the Messenger, Charles H. Sykes . . . 199 Gosh! A. B. Chapin 201 And Thus Endeth the Story, J. A'. Ding 203 And the Next Lesson Will Be, A. B. Chapin 205 "Is It Possible That We Will Go Right Back to This?" J. N. Ding 207 INTRODUCTION The late King Leopold of Hclgium collected all the for- eign and domestic cartoons and caricatures of himself and these were preserved in albums labeled. "The King of Belgium as Others See Ilim." It is regrettable that ex-Kaiser William II was not inspired with the same idea. 0m:r^w "Hie. CA«Tt>i>fMST MAnes reopue_ SEE THINGS I In the so-called YellotL- Journal of the White House, which is prepared daily for President Wilson in order that he may keep in close touch with i)ublic sentiment, there are in- cluded along with newspaper clippings several cartoons beai'- inc on national (luestions. Marshal Foch's ambition was at one ^ [1] THE WAR IN CARTOONS time to be a great cartoonist. General Pershing has a cartoon framed in his A.E.F. headquarters, and cartoons are a particu- lar hobby of Mr. Herbert Hoover. Cartoonists frequently receive letters from U. S. Cabinet members and European am- bassadors requesting original cartoons. Not only the masses but also the men who hold the most exalted positions are in- terested in cartoons. The appearance of cartoons in the daily press is but a com- paratively recent occurrence. Half a century ago only a few national weeklies published cartoons. Within the last two decades, however, the press has realized the value of the car- toon in conveying a message forcefully and instantaneously. At the present time there are in the United States approx- imately 500 jirofessional cartoonists drawing regularly for daily newspapers and periodicals. At first cartoons dealt largely with jiolitics but within re- cent years the tendency has been to broaden their scope. Since 1914, cartoonists everywhere have been drawing very largely on the war subjects. Eveiy jihase of the struggle has been covered in the millions of war cartoons. Never in history has there been presented so splendid an opportunity for cartoonists to demonstrate their power. One can not do credit to a powerful Springfield rifle if one has noth- ing but squirrels at which to shoot. Cartoonists, too, must have subjects worthy of their weapon in order to demonstrate their ability. The war furnished great subjects and great car- toons resulted. A higher standard of ideas and execution was speedily developed. [2] INTRODFCTIOX It has been said that tlie pen is mightier tlian the sword. The war has again proven this to be so. The piihHcity given Germany's coneeption of the ohhjrations of treaty, her plans for worhl domination and her harl)arons methods of fighting turned tiie wliole worhl against her. The addresses of Presi- dent Wilson, heard by Congress l)ut read by people everywhere. Mere more effective than any of the great German offensives. Public opinion rules the world to-day and no carefully organ- ized military system can withstand it. In the discussions of the various agencies through which public opinion is molded, much has l)een said about the power of the editor's pen, but strange to say little has been published about the even greater influence of the cartoonist's crayon. Editorials, no matter how forceful, are read by but few people conij)ared to those who read the many, more interesting news items. Cartoons, on the other hand, attract every one because of their contrast with the uniform printed matter that usually surrounds them. Cartoons retjuire little time or thought for their complete digestion and are therefore editorials at a glance. Thejr power lies in their simple and universal appeal. They are frequently able to induce thoughts that columns of reading matter fail to stimulate. As powerful molders of public opinion and stimulators of action, cartoons played their part in defeating Teutonic au- tocracy. The proof of the effectiveness of the war power of cartoons lies in Germany's opinion of the work of Louis Rae- maekers and of Allied and American cartoonists. Soon after the invasion of Belgium. Raemaekers' power- La] THE WAR IN CARTOONS fill cartoons in the Amsterdam Telegraaf attracted much atten- tion and were widely reproduced. The German government, realizing their influence, did everything in its i^ower to sup- press them, and set a price on Raemaekers' head, should he ever venture across the border. Through German intrigue, Rae- maekers was charged in the Dutch courts with endangering the neutrality of Holland, and later, it is reported, an attempt was made to torpedo the ship in which he fled to England. According to press reports. Count von Hertling, the ex- Imperial German Chancellor, speaking of Allied propaganda, said: "When a result was not obtained by the spoken or written word it was achieved by pictorial representations — produc- tions of absolutely devilish fantasy, from which one turns with horror and disgust. But the result has been attained. A hatred has been raised among enemy populations against the Central Powers and particularly against Germanv." [4] INTRODUCTION There has probably been no <4i(>iii» of persons wbieb has proven itself more eager to serve during the (ireat War than have the cartoonists of America. They have grasped e\'erv *MIRie*N IX»tOITION*IIV roDcei OPPICI or TMt COMWANOIN-IN-CMIK* France. October 28. 191G. TO THE CAaroOllISTS 0? HEHICA. inorioans IndiTidyally ood as groupe have met their new duties In fine aplrlt and intel- ligence, and this has been particularly true of your talented craft. Your work nas been one of the most important factors In creating and sustaining that resolute popular opinion which Is now the voice of Amorioa. Yon have given unvarying loyalty and a lot of hard work to our Sovernaent and to our armod forces. Speaking for the Arqy in France. I con as- sure you that you have uiade us alternately serious and happy, both of which are good- for us. Times without nmubor your cartoons have Illustrated, or interpreted, or exposed policy or purpose, quicker and more efrectlvoly than the written word. You have been ready with the flash of humor or the touch of satire whon that was the treatment required. You have my envy because you mist hove such fine times doing your work, especially those of you to whom the gods have given the blessed gift of ))ujiior. C^^/^^t^i: opportunity to draw patriotic cartoons and have rendered a considerable service in helping to convert public emotion into constructive patriotic acticni. At the beginning of tlie war when tlie German war aims were not widely known, when the publie had to be informed [5] THE WAR IN CARTOONS about the atrocities of the Huns, and when the war had to be brought home to those who hved so far from the cannon's roar, the many general patriotic cartoons that were drawn were of definite value. They electrified the people as nothing else could have done. In order, however, to inform the cartoonists of the many specific subjects upon which the Government wished to have cartoons drawn, the Bureau of Cartoons was established in De- cember, 1917, under the auspices of the National Committee of Patriotic Societies. In June, 1918, the Committee on Pub- lic Information took over the Bureau of Cartoons. The bureau published weekly the Bulletin for Cartoonists, which was sent regularly to every cartoonist in the United States. These bulletins contained subjects for cartoons as suggested by the United States Food Administration, the Treasury De- partment and other government agencies. As no specific pictorial ideas wxre given, there was no danger of the cartoons drawn on the subjects suggested losing their indi- viduality, for each cartoonist expressed the thoughts in a differ- ent way. The purpose of the Bulletin was distinctly not to give directions. The suggestions that were offered were to enable cartoonists to be of the greatest possible service. In this way a considerable cartoon power was developed which helped the Government in stimulating recruiting, populariz- ing the di-aft, saving food and fuel, selling Liberty Bonds and War Savings Stamps, warning against German propaganda and in solving a myriad of other difficult war problems. People will be reading for decades and children studying [6] INTRODUCTIOX for centuries the events of the past five years. Unlike the thousands of voluminous histories of the Great War that will he written, the present volume is a collection of one hundred cartoons, drawn contemporaneously hy twenty-seven of the most prominent American cartoonists on the salient events of the war, with particular reference to tiic participation of the United States. TO VKIOR^Y This volume also includes some memorahle quotations from President Wilson and other prominent war leaders and describes briefly the events which the cartoons more forcefully portray. An interesting opportunity is offered to compare the manners of presentation and the styles of execution of the vari- ous cartoonists. It is regrettable that examples of the work of other equally capable American cartoonists can not be in- cluded. Limitations of s])ace also prevent the reproduction of any of the drawings, which have been published in American [7] THE WAR IN CARTOONS newspapers, by foreign cartoonists such as Louis Raemaekers and Captain Bruce Bairnsfather. The cai'toons in this volume were drawn by men who are not merely artists but keen observers carefully gauging the pulse of the times. What history of the war can be more stimulating than this remarkably simple record in cartoons? Here with a few strokes of a cartoonist's crayon is portrayed that which is more important than historic facts — the Spirit of the Struggle. In these cartoons there is recreated the war atmosphere. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to express my appreciation to the newspapers and cartoonists for permission to reproduce copyrighted matter. I also extend my thanks to Miss Gretchen Leicht, the manager of the Bureau of Cartoons, for her assistance in collecting the thousands of cartoons from which those reproduced in this vol- mne were chosen. G. J. H. [8] NEWARK EVENING NEWS. TUESDAY. SEPTEMBEK 7. 1015. HOW FAR CAN HE GO? THE EXTINGUISHER. Before the war the world looked to Germany for much of the best that there was in literature, science, and music. But the value of her civilization was completelj- over-balanced by her system of government of which the ex-Emperor himself said: "Only one is master in this country. That is I. Who opposes me, I shall crush to pieces. All of you have only one will and that is mj' will; there is only one law and that is my law." [10] 15_v Oscar ('i»mic in tlic .\i>r ) Dik Evriiiitg I'ost. Ill i: E X r I X G r I s 1 1 ek . [n] THE INCENDIARIES. On June 28, 1914, the Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, and his consort, the Duchess of Hohenberg, were assassinated at Sarajevo, Bosnia, by a Ser- bian student. This was the pretext used by Austria-Hungary for sending an ultimatum to Serbia which that country could not possibly accept without sacrificing her national honor. It has been proven that the war which Austria- Hungary declared on Serbia on July 28, 1914, was instigated by Germany. [12] s:M>f>^ They startcfl .something- That set the world on tire. By Joliii T. McCiitcli. .Ill ill tlic Chicago Tribune. THE INCENDIARIES. [13] "DER TAG." "Der Tag" — the day when war would be declared — was for many years the favorite toast in the German army and navy. Many prominent Germans have openly admitted that war was deliberately planned and looked forward to. For forty years they had been developing a perfect military system and constructing a large na\'y in anticipation of the war which was to achieve world domination for Germany. [14] i ■•■ >■«--;-•■ By John T. McCutcheon in tlie Chicago Tribune. "DER TAG. ' [15] "MILITARY NECESSITY." In spite of her promise to respect Belgian neutrality, Germany on August 2, 1914, demanded a free passage through Belgium to France. This being denied, Germany proceeded to overrun Belgium, which act she defended as a "Military Necessity." The resistance of the Belgian forces at Liege and Namur gave the French time to prepare for the expected in- vasion. Not only did the Germans attack Belgian troops but they also deliberately and systematically proceeded against the civilian population and attempted by means of murder, wholesale destruction, forced contributions and deportation of both men and women, to strike terror into the hearts of their foe. [16] By J. H. Don.ilioy in tlic Cleveland Plain Dialt-r. "MILITARY NECESSITY." [17] BALKED! During the first month of the war it seemed as if the Ger- mans would break the Allies' line and capture Paris. Though the brave resistance of the Belgian forces temporarily re- tarded the Teutonic hordes, the advance continued syste- matically. Under the direction of General Joffre the French executed a skillful retreat and on September 6, 1914, counter- attacked and drove the Germans over the Marne back into Northern France. At that point both sides entrenched and there was little open warfare again until the closing months of the war. [18] ^>N By Chus. H. Sykes in tlie I'liilaJrlphia Kirniiig Ledger. BALKED! [19] DEFENDING THE FATHERLAND ON THE EAST FRONT. The story of the systematic exploitation of human misery bj' the German authorities in Poland is among the most hor- rible of the war. "In the great Hindenburg drive one year ago" (1916), wrote Frederic C. Walcott, "the countiy was completely devastated by the retreating Russian army and the oncoming Germans. A million people were driven from their homes. Half of them perished by the roadside." Through a policy of starvation the Prussian authorities attempted to transform Poland into a German province and how many hun- dreds of thousands of people died can never be told. [20] By D. R. Fitrpatrick in tlic SI. Louis Post-Dispatch. DEFENDING THE FATIIEHLAM) OX 1 UK HAS 1 FllUNT. [21] WHAT MAKES OLD GLORY. The Commission for Relief in Belgium, under the leader- ship of Mr. Herbert Hoover, literally rescued the civilian in- habitants of the invaded sections of Belgium and France from all but total extinction. In spite of the most trying difficul- ties food and clothing were supplied to millions of refugees who would have otherwise been left to perish by the Germans. This work was originally supported by voluntary contributions, but it was later financed by the United States Government, In consequence of the ability shown by Mr. Hoover in this work, he was appointed United States Food Administrator and later Director-General of European reconstruction work. [22] 1^. :^^^^w^ By Robert Carter in the New York Evening Sun. WHAT MAKES OLD GI.OKV [23] "GERMAN EFFICIENCY." The air raids which Germany perpetrated were another phase of GJerman frightfulness. Thousands of French and Enghsh women and children were thus murdered and millions of dollars worth of property destroyed though no military ad- vantage was gained. German warships also bombarded Scar- borough and other unfortified English seaside resorts. All such warfare was forbidden by the regulations of the Hague Conventions which Germany had accepted. [24] By .1. H. Doii.iluy in tin- ClfCflaiul I'laiu Dialer. "GERM AX EF FlC lENCY." [25] "BUT WHY DID YOU KILL US?" On May 17, 1915, the great Cunard liner Ltmtania was sunk by the German submarine U-39 with the resultant loss of 1,154 lives, of whom 114 were American. In answer to the German excuses that the vessel was armed and carried ammunition "destined for the destruction of brave German soldiers," the United States replied in its note of June 9, 1915: "Whatever be the other facts regarding the Lusitania, the principal fact is that a great steamer primarily and chiefly a conveyance for passengers, and carrying more than a thou- sand souls who had no part or lot in the conduct of the war, was sunk without so much as a challenge or a warning, and that men, women and children were sent to their death in circum- stances unparalleled in modern warfare." [26] j^^^^i^*^'' By Rollin Kirby in tlie New York World. "BUT WHY DID YOU KIUL VS?" [27] HIS SHATTERED MASTERPIECE. In 1882 an agreement was made between Germany, Aus- tria and Italy for their mutual defense. In 1914 Germany claimed to be bound by this Triple Alliance to protect Austria against attack by Russia. Italy, however, claimed that Aus- tria had taken the offensive and refused to fight on the Teutonic side. For nearly a year Italy remained neutral, but on May 23, 1915, she declared war on Austria and later on Turkej', Bulgaria and Germany. [28] By Edwin Marcus in the Xctr York Tiini-n. HIS SHATTKHKD MASTHUriKCE. [29] GERMAN "KULTUR." On October 13, 1915, Edith Cavell, an English Red Cross nurse, was executed in pursuance of sentence passed by a Ger- man Military Court. It was charged against her that she had assisted English and Belgian men, who had come under her care as a nurse, to cross the frontier to Holland. The exe- cution took place in spite of the earnest protests in her behalf of the American minister in Brussels. This single act engen- dered greater indignation throughout the world than any atroc- ity except the sinking of the Ltisitama. [30] By O. P. Williams in the Nrw York Journal. GERM AX Kri/iUR." [31] THE MODERN DAVID. Numerous unsuccessful attempts were made bj^ neutral agencies to cause a cessation of hostilities. Before America entered the war Henry Ford, the automobile manufacturer, invited a number of prominent personages to visit, at his ex- pense, the belligerent countries for the purpose of accelerat- ing peace negotiations. The Pope on August 1, 1917, made a more formidable attempt by proposing a definite peace pro- gram, but this achieved no better result. [32] Br Edwin Marcus in the Xcw York Tirnes. THE MODEUX DAVID. [33] FRIENDS OF FRANCE." Shortly after the outbreak of hostihties the American Ambulance Field Sen-ice was organized and it operated a large nimiber of motor ambulances for the transport of wounded from the front. This American organization, which was supported by voluntary contributions, soon expanded and became a part of the French army. The ambulance drivers, largely American college men, repeatedly distinguished them- selves for bravery under fire. One of these ambulance units, composed largely of Cornell University students, carried the first American flag to the battle front. [34] By fliarlis nana (Jibson for the Aincricaii Ainbulnnce Field Service. "FRIENUS OF FRANCE." [35] VERDUN. "Verdun, the military key of the western front, was the scene of the fiercest fighting of the war. In February, 1916, the armies of the German Crown Prince began a violent as- sault upon Verdun which lasted for six months. This offen- sive, which was tremendously costly in human life, seemed suc- cessful at first, but finally failed. France was determined that "they shall not pass!" ■>,-"'■■**-■' i Bv C'lias. II. Sykcs in the J'/ii/adiii'inu i-.nnini^ Ledger. VEHDUX. [87] FRIENDLY RELATIONS. While pretending friendship for the United States, Ger- many, through her secret agents, did all in her power to destroy our industries by inciting strikes and causing explosions in our factories. It is known that Ambassador Bernstorff asked the German Foreign Office to send him $50,000 with which to try to influence Congress, and millions of dollars were spent for propaganda in this covmtry. [38] ^'i / ■■ . / I : -f .ji/ By J. H. Cassel in the Nen York World. FRIENDLY RELATIONS. [S9] LIFTING THE LID. A note dated January 19, 1917, from Dr. Zimmerman, the German Foreign Minister, to the German minister in Mexico fell into the hands of the U. S. State Department. It proposed that if the United States should not remain neu- tral when Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare, ^Mexico should wage war on the United States. Financial sup- port was promised and New Mexico, Texas and Arizona were offered as reward. It was also suggested that an alliance be- tween Germany, ^Mexico and Japan should be arranged. [40] -^g<(>gfcffc,> >o y B_v I). li. Fitzpatrick in tlu' .S'(. Liiiils Post-DUpatcU. LIFTING THP: lid. [41] DEAD MEN TELL NO TALES. Quite typical of German intrigue and diplomacy is the so-called "Luxburg incident." Through the Swedish embassy Luxburg, the German minister at Buenos Aires, sent a cable to the German Foreign Office advising that Argentine steam- ers be "spared if possible or else sunk without leaving a trace." ("Spurlos versenkt.") [43] By J. N. Ding in llie Xrw Yorh Tribune. DEAD .MEN TKEL NO TALKS. [43] THE HONOR OF THE GERMAN ARMS. "Vessels, of everj^ kind, whatever their flag, their character, their cargo, their destination, their errand, have been ruth- lessly sent to the bottom without warning and without thought of help or mercy for those on board, the vessels of friendly neutrals along with those of belligerents. Even hospital ships and ships carrying relief to the sorely bereaved and stricken people of Belgium, though the latter were provided with safe conduct through the proscribed areas by the German Gov- ernment itself and were distinguished by unmistakable marks of identity, have been sunk with the same reckless lack of com- passion or of principle," From President Wilson's War Message, April 2, 1917. [44] Bv J. N. Ding in the A'ch' York Trihune and the ])rs Moinrt liegister. THE IlOXOlt OF rilK GERMAN AHMS. [45] THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION. Probably the most remarkable event of the war was the Russian revolution. The old autocratic government did not respond to the democratic demands of the people, and its weak- ness was demonstrated to them by its inefficient conduct of the war. The people gradually won the troops over to the cause of the Duma and the nation, and when on March 12, 1917, the Czar suspended the Duma, Rodzianko, the presi- dent of the Duma, announced the next day the formation of a Provisional Government. On March 15 Czar Nicholas was forced to abdicate but the Republic was not formally pro- claimed till September 17, 1917. [46] By Oscar Cesarc in the AV"' York Erening Post. THE RUSSIAN HKVOLUTIOX [tr] AMERICA HEARS THE CALL. In spite of Germany's promise to respect the rights of neutrals, on January 31, 1917, she announced unrestricted sub- marine warfare in certain specified zones. Three days later the United States severed diplomatic relations with Germany and Ambassador Bernstorff was dismissed. Several addi- tional American vessels having been sunk. President Wilson on April 2 asked Congress to declare the existence of a state of war with Germany. On April 6, 1917, Congress passed a joint resolution formally declaring a state of war and direct- ing the President to use the entire military and naval forces and all the resources of the country "to bring the conflict to a successful termination." [48] By J. H. Cassel in the Netf Yark li'urld. AMERICA HEARS THE CALL. [*9] FOR THE FREEDOM OF THE SEAS. "Why are we fighting Germany? The brief answer is that ours is a war of self-defense. We did not wish to fight Germany. She made the attack upon us, not on our shores, but on our ships, our lives, our rights, our future. For two years or more we held to a neutrality that made us apologists for things which outraged man's common sense of fair play and humanity." Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of the Interior. [50] > i5y Robert Cartt-r in tlic J'liilaiivlphia I'rrss. FOU TIIK FKKKDOM OF THE SEAS. [51] "I WILL NOT ABANDON MY SORELY TRIED PEOPLE!" "We have no quarrel with the German people. We have no feeling toward them but one of sympathy and friendship. It was not upon their impulse that their government acted in entering this war. It Avas not with their previous knowl- edge or approval. It was a war determined upon as wars used to be determined upon in the old, unhappy days, when peo- ples were nowhere consulted by their rulers and wars were provoked and waged in the interest of dynasties or of little groups of ambitious men who were accustomed to use their fellowmen as pawns and tools." From President Wilson's War Message to Congress, April 2, 1917. [52] By Gaar Williams in the Indianapoli* Nerr*. "I WILL NOT ABANDON MY SORELY TRIED PEOPLE!" [53] OUR ANSWER. "The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace must be planted upon the tested foundations of political Hb- erty. We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no con- quest, no dominion. We seek no indemnities for ourselves, no material compensation for the sacrifices we shall freely make." From President Wilson's War Message to Congress, April 2, 1917. [54] liv Harry .Miir|iliy in the Chirat;o Ui-ralil-E.Taminfr. UL it ANSWEU. [53] "NOT DOT I'M INTERESTED, BUT " "But the right is more precious than peace, and we shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts, for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own government, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion of right by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the world itself at last free." From President Wilson's War Message, April 2, 1917. [56] '■'•'^y* A 9 ■ ,7-.a!fr!a,.i ...^ V Uv riias. H. Sykcs in the Philadelphia Evening Ledger. "NOT DOT IM INTERESTED. Bl^T- [57] FOR FREEDOM, NOT CONQUEST. "To such a task we can dedicate our lives and our for- tunes, everything that we are and everything that we have, with the pride of those who know that the day has come when America is privileged to spend her blood and her might for the principles that gave her birth and happiness and the peace which she has treasured. "God helping her, she can do no other." From President Wilsons War Message, April 2, 1917. [58] By Oscar CVsarc in tlic Xerr York Kiruiiii; Post. von FKKKDOM, NOT CONQFEST. ^' By I'aul I'uiiji; in tlic Seattle I'oxtl iitrlligcinrr. THE MAX BEIIIM) [83] THE BRIDGE OF BOATS. Before the Avar the United States had long ceased to be a maritime nation. At the time of America's entrance into the war less than 50,000 men were employed in the shipyards, but at the signing of the armistice there was an army of over a third of a million working in nearly twice as many shipbuild- ing ways as there were in all the rest of the world combined. On July 4, 1918, alone, 89 ships were launched in the United States. All shipbuilding records were broken when the S. S. Tuckahoe was released from her stays 27 days after her hull was laid. [84] liv Windsor McCay in the AVrr Yorl: Ami-riinii. THE BRIDGE OF BOATS. [85] "THEY SAID NO'!" Throughout the war Austria-Hungary was simply the vassal of Germany and was used by that superior power to carry out her designs. Because of Austria-Hungarj^'s alle- giance to Germany, it became necessary for the United States to declare war upon her, which was done on December 7, 1917. Many peace feelers were issued by Gei'manj' through Austria- Hungary, but the United States and the Allies were firm and were not fooled by the insincerity of their pleas. [86] By D. H. I'itzpatrick in tlic St. Louis I'ost-Dispatch. "TTTKV SAID NO!' [87] AT JERUSALEM. Richard Coeur de Lion! "My dream come true." As a part of the Alhed Near Eastern campaign the Brit- ish started an invasion of Palestine from Egypt in the spring of 1917. The Russian collapse halted for a time these opera- tions. But after the fall of Ascalon and Jaffa in November, the British army on December 9, under General E. H. H. Allenby, captured Jerusalem. Thus by this last crusade the Holy Land once more passed into Christian hands. Later in this campaign the fourth, seventh and eighth Turkish armies were completely surrounded and compelled to surrender. This precipitated the capitulation of the Ottoman Empire. [88] Bv Oscar Ccsarc in the S'lW York F.vrniiig J'ost. AT JERUSxVLEM. Richard Coeur de Lion! "Mv dream come true. [89] JOIN! "You should join the Red Cross because this arm of the National Service is steadily and efficiently maintaining its over- seas relief in every land, administering our millions wisely and well, and awakening the gratitude of every people. Our con- sciences will not let us enjoy the Christmas Season if this pledge of support to our cause and the world's weal is left unfilled. Red Cross membership is the Christmas spirit in terms of action." From President Wilson's 1917 Red Cross Christmas Proclamation. [90] By Gordon Grant for the American Red Cross. JOIN! [91] THE ONLY RAILROAD PRESIDENT LEFT. The tremendously heavy demands on the railroads of the United States, due to troop movements and the transportation of huge quantities of war suppUes, made the unification of ad- ministration essential. Railroad management was therefore taken over by the Government, and on December 28, 1917, WiUiam G. McAdoo, the Secretary of the Treasury, was also appointed Director-General of Railroads. [92] A- ■"—.Ji- •r From Rollin Kirby in tlic Xew York ff'orld. THE ONLY RAILROAD PRESIDENT LEFT. [93] ARE AVE COMPLETING THE CYCLE? On January 8, 1918, President Wilson, in an address to a joint session of Congress, named fourteen points as essential in a consideration of peace. The most important of these was the fourteenth point: "A general association of nations must be formed, under specific covenants, for the purpose of affording mutual guar- antees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small nations alike." [94] Individuals used to settle their differences with the stone ax until they learned it was more profitable to co-operate and join together in clana. Clans fought each other for centuries until they found that through the medium of a state they could settle their differences without bloodshed. States attempted to settle their differences through the medium of the cannon and sword until they learned the advantage of national uryty. Nat^ns are now fighting the bloodiest war of history for supremacy. Is it not jSossibleThal'OTirDf it may comran international league to enforce peace? By J. N. Ding in the .Vf/r I'ork Trihunv and tlic Des Moines liegi$ier. ARE WK COMPl.KTIXr. TTTK CVrT.E^ [95] THE CORNERSTONE The U. S. Fuel Administration was established in order to ensure an adequate coal supply for essential war purposes. At times restrictions had to be imposed on non-essential indus- tries in order that firms having war contracts and household consumers should have a sufficient supply. During the first few months of 1918 "heatless Mondays" were ordered for non- essential industries because of the coal shortage resulting from the severity of the winter and the congested conditions of the railroads. [96] By R. O. Evans in the Baltimore American. THE COUXEliSTONK [97] ON TO FRANCE! In spite of the activities of German submarines two mil- lion American soldiers were tranpsorted to France with re- markably few losses. The biggest single loss of American troops was 170 lives when on February 5, 1918, the British transport Tiiscania was sunk off the north coast of Ireland with 2,200 soldiers on board. [98] Hy Nelson Harding in the Brooklyn Eagle. ()\ TO 1 KAXCK! [99] THE SPIRIT OF THE NOTE. On February 11, 1918, President Wilson addressed to Congress his reply to the notes of Chancellor von Hertling of Germany and Count Czernin of Austria-Hungary. His clos- ing words were : "The power of the United States is a menace to no nation or people. It will never be used in aggression or for the aggrandizement of any selfish interest of our own. It springs out of freedom and is for the sei-vice of freedom." 100] • \V'^: '"^. ^ '":. '^•. By Chas. H. Sykes in the Philadelphia Evening Ledger. THE SPIRIT OF THE NOTE. [101] THE BEAST NEXT DOOR Some of the European neutrals suffered almost as much from the war as the belligerents. Little Holland, wedged in the fighting zone, had to feed, in spite of her small food supply, hundreds of thousands of refugees from Belgium. She had also to keep her army mobilized throughout the war in order, if necessary, to defend her neutrality. Switzerland, deprived of her main source of revenue — her tourists — had likewise to keep her army ready. Next to Great Britain, Norway sus- tained the greatest losses from German U-boats, 1,205,000 gross tons ha\'ing been sunk. [102] smm I k Hy J. H. I)i)ii,ili,v ill til.- Clrirtaud Plain l),„l,r. THE IJEAST .NEXT DOOl? [103] WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE? After the overthrow of autocracy in Russia the people were unable to establish a permanent stable government. Russia's great natural resources and vast man power therefore became valueless to the Allies. Alexander Kerensky, who had played an important part in the revolution of 1917, when he was for a few months Premier of the Provisional Govern- ment, put forth herculean efforts to adjust the differences be- tween the various political factions, to reoi'ganize the army and to continue the battle. The Bolsheviki, seeking an immediate peace and the application of the principles of radical socialism to questions of property, caused the fall of the Kei'ensky government and once more threw all of Russia into confusion. [104] H_v 1). 1'. litzii.itrick in tlic St. Louis I'ost-Dispatch. WHATS TITK DIFFEKENCE? [105] TIRED OF GIVING! YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT IT IS TO BE TIRED. All descriptions of the tremendous suffering caused by the war are inadequate. They include not only the misery on the battlefield but also the distress of the inliabitants of in- vaded territory and the heart-aches of those at home. Along with suffering the war has brought to the world a new spirit of service which will live on long after the horrors of war have ceased. Terrible as was the price which the world has paid, it was perhaps not too great if it has helped to bring about a more unselfish spirit throughout humanity. 1106] By J. N. Ding in the New York Trihiinc and tlii' /)<•* Moitiix Urpistt-r. TIRED OF GIVING! YOU DOXT KNOW WHAT IT IS TO BE TlKEl). [107] WAR SAVINGS STAMPS WILL BUY SHELLS. "To practice thrift in peace times is a \'irtue and brings great benefit to the individual at all times; with the desperate need of the civilized world to-day for materials and labor with which to end the war, the practice of individual thrift is a pa- triotic duty and a necessity." From President Wilson's appeal to the people to huy Ldherty bonds and War Savings Stamps. [108] By Oscar Ccsarc for the Natioiinl War Savings Coiniuittce. WAR SAVINGS STAMPS WILL lUV SHELLS. [loyj PUTTING ALL THEIR PUNCH IN ONE GLOVE. On March 28, 1918, unity of military command was agreed upon between the Alhes and General Foch was appointed the Commander-in-chief of the Allied armies. His superb strategy enabled him to withstand the monstrous German offensives in spite of the enemy's overwhelming man power, and then finally, when American troops had arrived in sufficient num- bers, to launch the attack which achieved the ultimate victory. [no] Bv R. O. Evjiiis in tlie Baliimare American. rUTTIXG ALL TIIKIK PrX(^II IX OXK (.L()\ K [111] IT'S A RACE BETWEEN HINDENBURG AND WILSON. Germany thought the United States would not fight and even after war had been declared the Germans jeered at the "little United States army." But she soon discovered Amer- ica's war strength and America's will to win. The latter was well expressed in President Wilson's Baltimore address on April 6, 1918, which closed: "There is, therefore, but one response possible from us — force; force to the utmost, force without stint or limit, the righteous and triumphant force which shall make right the law of the world and cast every selfish dominion down in the dust." [112] By Lute Pease in tlie Xrwark Scir.s. IT'S A RACE KKTWEKX IIIXDKXIUKG AND WILSON. [n.s] GRANTED. "The object of this war is to deHver the free peoples of the world from the menace and the actual power of a vast military establishment controlled by an irresponsible government which, having secretly planned to do uinate the world, proceeded to carry the plan out without regard either to the sacred obliga- tions of treaty or the long-established practices and long- cherished principles of international action and honor; which chose its own time for the war, delivered its blow fiercely and suddenly; stopped at no barrier either of law or of mercy; swept a whole continent within the tide of blood — not the blood of soldiers only, but the blood of innocent women and children also and of the helpless poor; and now stands balked but not defeated, the enemy of four-fifths of the world." From President Wilson's Beply to the Pope, April 27, 1918. [114] prouE ptopn By J. FI. Cassel in the New York World. GKAXTEU. [115] ONE FRONT THEY DIDN'T MEAN TO BREAK. In the spring of 1918 Germany's U-boats ventured to cruise in American waters and sunk a number of ships with- in sight of our very shores. To those to whom the reality of the war had not ah-eady been forcibly brought home, this proved that the enemy was not three thousand miles away but right at our gates. [116] By Edwin Marcus in the Xew York Tinirs. ONE FRONT TIIKY DIDX T MKAX TO HKEAK. [117] LOCKED IN! In the spring of 1918 the British Navy performed several feats of remarkable daring and skill in bottling up the harbors of Zeebrugge and Ostend, the most important German naval bases on the Belgian coast. In spite of heavy land fortifica- tions, the British were able to make a surprise attack and to sink a number of old vessels filled with concrete in the channels. This was so successfuUj' done that exit was prevented to the many submarines and destroyers caught in the harbor and the ports became practically useless as naval bases for future operations. [118] 15y J. H. CasscI in the Nrtv Ymk fVorld. LOCKED IN! [119] UP TO HIM. Great Britain's part in the war was not confined to con- trolling the seas. Her troops together with those of her many colonies held a good part of the line on the western front. The staunchness of their defensive action is evidenced by Field Marshal Haig's famous message to his men on April 13, 1918 — "Every position must be held to the last man. There must be no retirement. With our backs to the wall and believing in the justice of our cause, every one of us must fight to the end." [120] s3 ft- '?g '. '?g?!^<*ys:^ ^/' By Lute Pease in the \i-rvark Newt. UP TO Tim. [121] HIGH TIDE. The German General Staff soon realized the danger to their country of the rapidly increasing war strength of the United States and therefore attempted to force a decision be- fore America was completely mobilized for battle. On March 21, 1918, Germany started a widely heralded offensive which was to break the Allies' line on the western front, and at one time it was feared that the Huns would be successful. Under the direction of Ludendorff the Germans expanded three sa- lients — the Lys, the Picardy and the Marne — but in the mid- dle of July the Allies were able to halt this advance and them- selves to take the offensive. 122] By Nelson Harding in the Brooklyn Dailt/ Eagle. HIGH TIDE. [128] HIS FIRST TOWN. "At Cantigny on May 28 (1918) troops of the First Di- vision fought their first real engagement and carried it suc- cessfully. On June 4, the Second Division of Regulars and Marines went into the line on the Marne, where the Germans were driving towards Paris. On June 15, they met the triumphantly marching enemy in the Belleau Woods, stopped his advance and in an impetuous charge drove his column back more than 900 yards. It was a brilliant demonstration of the quality of our troops, and among the weary French and Brit- ish soldiers in the trenches the word flew from mouth to mouth that the Americans were first-class fighting men." From the Annual Report of the Secretary of War. [124] By Rollin kirby in the Mew York ll'orld. HIS FIRST TOWN. [125] ANOTHER GREAT GERMAN DISCOVERY. One of the most dramatic incidents of the war was when an American officer at Chateau-Thierry responded to the ad- vice of a French commander to retreat by declaring, "The American flag has been compelled to retire. This is unendura- ble. We are going to counter-attack." Another of the war's historic moments was, when the Germans demanded the sur- render of the "lost battalion," which they had surrounded, the American commander replied, "Go to hell," and held back the enemy till relief came. [126] By J. N. Ding in Uic .Viir lurk Tribune and tlic Des Moines liegittrr. ANOTHER c;uf:at German discovery. [127] ONE OR THE OTHER. In June, 1918, General Crowder, the U. S. Provost Mar- shal General, issued instructions to the local boards that all men of draft age must either do essential work or enter the military or naval services. [128] By A. U. Cliapiu in the Han Francisco i-__-.....i.T. ONE OR THE OTHER. [129] HINDY'S FALL STYLE DECORATIONS. On July 14, 1918, Germany started her last drive on the western front. On the 18th, Marshal Foch launched a suc- cessful counter-offensive on the Aisne and the Marne. From this date until November 11, when the armistice was signed, the American, British and French forces conducted practically a continuous offensive and slowly but surely drove the Germans out of northern France and southern Belgium. [130] A/lb Blue- tY«- l» MI6HTY BECOMIH&, ^H.WrtAT.' By Robert VV. Satterfield. IIINDY'S FALL STYLE DECORATIONS. [131] CONGRATULATIONS FROM AN EXPERT. "The world knows to-day that the United States Marines held that line; that they blocked the advance that was rolling on toward Paris at a rate of six or seven miles a day ; that they met the attack in American fashion and with American hero- ism; that marines and soldiers of the American Army threw back the crack guard divisions of Germany, broke their ad- vance, drove them back in the beginning of a retreat that was not to end until the 'cease firing' signal sounded for the end of the world's greatest war." From the Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy. [132] -^ By Rollin Kirby in the New York Ji'orld. CONGRATULATIONS FROM AN EXPERT. [133] SEEING STARS. Because of Germany's superior man-power the warfare of the Allies was, with a few notable exceptions, largely defensive in character until July 18, 1918, when Marshal Foch ordered offensive action. On August 2, the French captured Sois- sons. On October 9, Cambrai was taken by the British and three days later Laon and La Fere fell to the French. These towns were the strongholds of the famous "Hindenburg Line." Ostend, Bruges and Lille were captured by the Allies on Oc- tober 17; Valenciennes fell to the British on November 2 and finally Sedan was taken by the American Army five days be- fore the armistice with Germany was signed. 134] ^^^ By Harry Murphy in the Chicai;o llerald-Examinir. SEEIXC; STARS. [135] THEY ALSO SERVE. Because of the great demand for gasoline for military pur- poses, the public was asked to conserve the supply. The uni- versal compliance with the request of the U. S. Fuel Admin- istration not to use gasoline for pleasure driving on Sunday did credit to the patriotism of the American people. [136] '//?^^ By Oscar Cesare in the Nerv York Evening Post. THEY ALSO SP:RVE. [137] "THE END OF A PERFECT DAY." "On September 12th, the First American Army, under the personal direction of General Pershing, launched an attack on St. Mihiel and within twenty-four hours had pinched off that heavily fortified salient which had withstood attack through four years of war. The elimination of this salient, which had menaced Eastern France, relieved the pressure on Verdun and made possible further advances north of that city." From the Annual Report of the Secretary of War. [138] By Gaar Williams in the Indianapolis Nfirs. "THE EXU OF A PERFECT DAV.' [139] "I, TOO, AM AGAINST YOU!" "What shall we say of the women — of their instant intelli- gence, quickening every task that they touch; their capacity for organization and cooperation, which gave their action dis- cipline and enhanced the effectiveness of everything they at- tempted; their aptitude at tasks to which they had never be- fore set their hands ; their utter self-sacrifice alike in what they did and what they gave? Their contribution to the great re- sult is beyond appraisal. They have added a new luster to the annals of American womanhood." From, President Wilson's Address to Congress, December 2, 1918. [140] By Harry Murpliy in tlif Chicago Ilerald-Kxaminer. "I, TOO, AM AGAINST YOUl" [i.;i] COLUMBIA'S GREATER TASK. "Against the dark background of war is sharply revealed the bright light of mercy for which the Red Cross stands." The work of this organization at the front — not only in the hospitals but also on the battlefields — the activities of the vari- ous societies far behind the lines which rolled bandages and knitted socks and sweaters, and the home service rendered to the families of fighters, constitutes an important chapter in the history of the war. The Red Cross has in the minds of every one been accepted as the "trade-mark of humanity." [142] By Charles Dann Gibson in the Red Cross Magazine. COLUMBIA'S GREATER TASK. [1*3] OUR SUPERGUN SPEAKS. The draft ages were extended from 18 to 45 by a second Selective Service Act, and on September 12, 1918, approxi- mately 13,000,000 additional men were registered. In the words of President Wilson: "This registration is America's announcement to the world that we are ready to complete the task already begun with such emphatic success." [144] ■■■■■■,*■ ■• . -•'*Vi/ ' "," [153] THE WAIL OF A BULLY. On October 5, 1918, the German Government sent a note to President Wilson requesting the opening of peace negotia- tions. The note said in part: "It (the German Govermnent) accei)ts the program set forth by the President of the United States in his message to Congress on January 8, and in his later pronouncements, espe- cially his speech of September 27, as a basis for peace negotia- tions. "With a view to avoiding further bloodshed, the German Government requests the immediate conclusion of an armistice on land and water and in the air." [154] By A. H. ('li.-ipin in tlio .S'(. I.oiiis Ilipithlic. THE WAIL OF A lU'LLV. [155] "THAT SIGNATURE IS NO GOOD; HAVE THE LADY SIGN IT." At the outset of the war President Wilson stated dis- tinctly that the people of the United States were "not the enemies of the German people" but the ruthless rulers of Ger- many whose word could not be taken as guarantee for any- thing that was to endure. Therefore when the German Chan- cellor agreed to accept President Wilson's fourteen points as a basis of peace, President Wilson in his reply inquired whether this peace plea came from "veritable representatives of the German people, who have been assured of a genuine con- stitutional standing as the real rulers of Germany." [156] By Edwin Marcus in the \ew York Timet. "THAT SIGNATURE IS NO GOOD; HAVE THE LADY SIGN IT." [157] "PEACE— KAMERAD !" Having learnt by sad experience that the word of the rul- ers of Germany could not be trusted, President Wilson replied to Germany's request for peace "that the only armistice he would feel justified in submitting for consideration would be one which should leave the United States and the powers asso- ciated with her in a position to enforce any arrangement that may be entered into and to make a renewal of hostilities on the part of Germany impossible." [158] By Nelson Hnrdiiifj; in tlir lirooklifn Eagle. "PEACE— K AM KU AD! [159] "HOW COULD I HELP IT? ALLAH QUIT WHEN HE FOUND GOTT HAD DESERTED I" Although the United States never declared war against Turkey, diplomatic relations were severed on April 20, 1917. The news of Turkey's surrender on October 31, 1918, was therefore not displeasing as it clearly indicated what was to follow. [160] By Chaa. H. Sykcs in the Philadelphia Evening Ledger. "HOW COULD I HELP IT? ALLAH QUIT WHEN HE FOUND GOTT H.\D DESERTED!" [1(51] VANDAL IN VICTORY, VANDAL IN DEFEAT. The story of Germany's invasion of Belgium and north- em France is a continual record of pillage and plunder. Through a system of "frightfulness," which consisted in burn- ing villages and murdering innocent women and children, the Huns attempted to win the war through fear. In spite of the rules agreed upon at the Hague Conventions, private property was seized and destroyed without thought of compensation. The same vandalism which was characteristic of their victorious advance was evidenced by their retreat when they carried off with them everything they could and attempted to destroy all that remained. [162] 'l . . ■-'i?' ■ •"•'v.*, rr-^ r^^x:> By Paul Fung in the Seattle Pott-Intelligencer. THE SWEETHEART OF THE ALLIES. [167] DOG-GONE IT. After Russia overthrew her autocratic government, Ger- many attempted to so vpeaken her by causing internal revolu- tion that she would be compelled to sign a separate peace. The Brest-Litovsk Treaty, which was negotiated between Germany on one side and German secret agents representing Russia on the other, was a temporary victory for Germany but proved ineffective when other factions gained control of Russia. Bol- shevism fostered by Germans in Russia proved to be a boom- erang to Germany during the closing months of the war. [168] I^M' ^\. By Claude Shafer in the Cincinnati Pott. DOG-GONE IT. [169] THE YELLOW STREAK. On November 3-5, because of an alleged order to proceed to sea and engage the enemy, a mutiny occurred in the Ger- man fleet at Kiel and other naval bases, the men organizing Soldiers' and Workers' Councils. On November 7, King Lud- wig was deposed and Bavaria was proclaimed a republic. This move was followed in a few days by Saxony, Wiirttemberg, Baden and other German states. On November 9, Kaiser Wilhelm offered the regency to Prince Max and appointed Friedrich Elbert, Majority Socialist Leader, Chancellor. The latter ignored the regency and formed his own cabinet. On the same day the Kaiser fled to Holland. [170] *-- *iiL^>^ic>n.tKH ;3Vt.c\K\-"jr-. By Nelson Harding in tlic Brooklyn Daily Eagle. tup: yellow streak. [171] PEACE ON EARTH. "My Fellow Countrymen: The armistice was signed this morning. Everything for which America fought has been ac- complished. It will now be our fortunate duty to assist by ex- ample, by sober, friendly counsel and by material aid in the es- tablishment of just democracy throughout the world." President Wilson's Proclamation announcing the signing of the armistice J November 11, 1918. [172] CttA^'M By A. B. Cliapin in the St. Louis lifpublic. PEACE ON EARTH. [173] THE GORGON'S HEAD. At the date of the signing of the armistice there was in the military service of the United States over one quarter of the entire male population between the ages of 18 and 31. In ninetewi months the United States army grew from 189,674 in March, 1917, to 3,664,000 in November, 1918. At the latter date the United States was represented overseas by an army of two milhon men, a contingent second only to the French. [174] By Robert Carter in the Philtuirlphia Prrst. THE GORGON'S HEAD. [173] J'lIE DAWN OF TO-MORROW. "To conquer with arms is to make only a temporary con- quest; to conquer the world by earning its esteem is to make permanent conquest. I am confident that the nations that have learned the discipline of freedom and that have settled with self-possession of its ordered practice are now about to make conquest of the world by the sheer power of example and of friendly helpfulness." From President Wilson's Address to Congress, November 11, 1918, annowncing the armistice terms with Germany. [176] By J. H. Cassel in tlic Netv York World. THE UAWN OF TO-MOIIKOW. [177] THE LOST RETURNED. Six days after the signing of the armistice the occupation of the evacuated territory began. On November 19th, 1918, Frendi troops, under Marshal Petain, occupied Metz and on the same day King Albert entered Antwerp. Three days later he rode into Brussels. On November 28 French troops occupied Strassburg. On December 8 the Americans reached Coblenz. 178] J .1 /' Br J. H. C'assi-1 ill till- Scrv \ ork World. THE LOST UETrUXEI). [179] HOME. "At the moment that you reenter Brussels at the head of your victorious army, may I not express the great joy that it gives to me and the American people to hail your return to your Capitol, marking your final triumph in this war, which has cost your nation so much suffering but from which it will arise in new strength to a higher destiny?" Telegram sent by President Wilson to King Albert of Belgium. [180] By Rollin Kirby in the New York World. HOME. [181] OUT AT LAST. On November 20, 1918. the German Navy, without having fought a single formidable battle, surrendered to the Grand Allied Fleet. Admiral Beatty's historic order will not be for- gotten: "The German flag is to be hauled down at sunset to-day and is not to be hoisted again without permission." [182] — ••r.»H>w»s*«iaiyir/M»!» ■ • ' ' '^- I ff II r I ■ ]5y l{.>lliii Kirl)_v in the \rw York IVorld. i«f^ OUT AT LAST. [183] THANKSGIVING BIRDS. "This year we have special and moving cause to be grateful and to rejoice. God has in His good pleasure given us peace. It has not come as a mere cessation of arms — a mere reUef from the strain and tragedy of war. It has come as a great triumph of right. Complete victory has brought us, not peace alone, but the confident promise of a new day as well in which justice shall replace force and intrigue among the nations." From President Wilson's 1918 Thanksgiving Proclamation. [184] By Claude Slialir in llu- CiiKinitali Post. THANKSGIVING BIRDS. [185] "I HAVE TO REPORT, SIR, THE JOB IS DONE." On December 26, 1918, the Grand American Fleet re- turned to the United States, having cooperated with the Al- lied navies throughout the war. Transports and merchant ships were so successfully protected against the attacks of Ger- man submarines that two million American soldiers and untold quantities of food and war supplies were transported to France with remarkably few losses. With the German navy and mer- chant marine bottled up in harbors, the commerce of the United States and the Allies continued practically as before. [186] By KoUin Kirby of the AVn- I'orfc World. "I HAVE TO REPORT, SIR, THE JOB IS DONE." [187] "DIE WACHT AM RHEIN." In order to prevent the resumption of hostilities, under the terms of the armistice the Allied armies of occupation took over all German territory on the left bank of the Rhine, as well as several important cities on the right side. Germany was required also to turn over to the Allies large quantities of guns and railroad material and to repatriate immediately without reciprocity all prisoners of war. [188] W^- 3SilijP7V- < -. '\ ^ '•'/■ l;m^^ m§m I!!',, 'i''':;,?fiil!!;;;^S;iN;: !'liK,li;,;!fa^.' '""^^■"'^'^■^. "^^i^i^i^^f '!l«lii ?ili|ii^\ il By O. 1'. Williams in the \crv York Journal. "DIE WACIIT AM RIIEIN." [189] THE COLORS. "I think that, in spite of all the terrible suflFering and sac- rifice of this war, we shall some day, in looking back upon them, realize that they were worth while, not only because of the security they gave the world against unjust aggression, but also because of the understanding they established between the great nations, which ought to act with each other in the permanent maintenance of justice and of right." From President Wilson's address on arriving at Dover, Eng- land, December 26, 1918. [190] 0 A H05P1TA1. ir-l FRjKrJCe ievsRAL LOMt And v^ioabv /////I lll^' TV^a U. A. A "few C/*«^ T - AMt> You OO to AisloTHSR WHAT HAPPeM5 eecAuir YoOLl- IhC^OH B^ ABtt Tb w:»«.rA HiCMT AAr>^ - Ar4P Te^e GOVCRMMCMT TcLLS Yo»J »X UJiUI. TCACM You A N6vJ TRADE WITHOUT CHAOaC - AmD FiNACLV nso AAG ALL rtxto Ai**l? iAr4 **HJ tveR-|MAl> ^ ALiO "«>«» CO*>-^Pe*JJAT(Or«j UmD INSUf^ANfCC^ BOY* OH HH AIM T 'T A GLOR R W'O'JS I/- By Clare Briggs in the Neva York Tribune. AIN'T IT A GRAND AND GLORIOUS FEELING? [197] THE MESSAGE AND THE MESSENGER. Breaking the precedent that the President of the United States never leaves the country, President Wilson on Decem- ber 4, 1918, sailed for Europe to attend the Peace Conference. Other members of the American mission were Secretary of State Lansing, Col. E. M. House, Gen. Tasker H. Bliss, and ex-Ambassador Henry White. President Wilson's visits to Paris, London and Rome were the occasion for unprecedented demonstrations by the populace. [198] By Chas. H. Sykes in the Philadelphia Evening Ledger. THE xMESSAGE AND THE MESSENGER. [199] "GOSH." Although the principal war aim of the Allied belligerents was identical — namely, to overthrow Teutonic autocracy — many of the minor ambitions of the several nations conflicted. This, together with the problem of establishing a League of Nations to insure permanent peace, presented a difficult puzzle for the representatives at the Peace Conference to solve. [200] By A. B. Chapin in the St. Louis Republic. "GOSIL" [201] AND THUS ENDETH THE STORY. Exactly five years after the assassinations at Sarajevo on June 28, 1919, the Peace Treaty veas signed at Versailles by the German delegates and representatives of all the Allied powers, except China. Embodied in the treaty were the cove- nant providing for a League of Nations, which is destined to aid materially in the prevention of future wars and in the es- tablishment of international justice. [202] Ky J. N. Ding, ill Ui( v. Y. Tribune and tlic Des Moines Register. AND THUS ENDETH THE STORY [203] AND THE NEXT LESSON WILL BE- The world has been made safe for democracy in that vic- tory has done away with the dangerous forces of autocracy and has made possible the establishment of true democracy. Added to this task are many new and difficult reconstruction problems — not only the physical rebuilding of Europe but also the more complicated necessity of labor adjustment. [204] liy A. Ij. C liapin in tlie St. Louis licpublic. AND THE NEXT LESSON WILL BE- [205] "IS IT POSSIBLE THAT WE WILL GO RIGHT BACK TO THIS?" During the war people everywhere have grown to recog- nize more seriously than ever before their obligations to the state and to their fellow beings. The men who have offered their lives for their country will certainly not return to merely selfish existences. It is to be hoped that the superb spirit of service manifest so universally during the period of belligerency will continue to move people to help solve the many equally serious problems of peace. [206] mMiW"-^ V '«■ \ 7ji^ ou^^|^.^J:x,STt«« -rx^ s^Ti By J. N. Ding iti the Des Mainrs lirgitlrr. "IS IT POSSIRI.K THAT \\ K UlLI. (.C) KK.U 1' BACK TO TlllSr [207] University of California SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 405 Hllgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1388 Return this material to the library from which It was borrowed. A Illlillllillllilll D 000 060 626 /^ ^K- THE^^^\R IN CARTOONS Ur I Compiled Sl Edited by George J. Hecht. J