UC-NRLF $B 3Db mo SftF THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IN MEMORY OF PROFESSOR WILLIAM MERRILL AND MRS. IMOGENE MERRILL ^DCAriOff LIBR. ^^^^-^^^ PEOBATIO LATINA: A SERIES OF QUESTIONS DESIGNED TO TEST THE PEOGEESS OP LEAENEES I;ATIN LANaUAaE. BY CHAELES D. MOKEIS, A.M., LATE RECTOR OF TRINITY SCHOOL, NEW YORK, AND FORMERLY FELLOW OP ORIEL COLLEGE, OXFORD. SECOND EDITION. NEW YORK: F. J. HUNTINGTON AND CO., No. 107 DuANE Street. 1874 Qjj»j. ZDUCATIOH IIBS, Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the yenr 1871, by CHARLES D. MORRIS, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. J. W. Taylor, Stereotvper, 27 Rose St., N. Y: PREFACE. PA ^0%1 Vizis' jt74 This little book has been prepared mainly with the pur- pose of furnishing Teachers the means of readily testing the progress of their pupils in Latin. I presume it will be gen- erally admitted that this can be better done, at least as regards exactness and breadth, by the examination of answers given in writing to printed questions, than by any sort of oral reci- tation. But, moreover, I feel convinced from my own ex- perience that an examination of this kind operates most powerfully on the mental growth of the learner. It reveals to himself his short-comings, with a clearness equalled by nothing else in his school-work, and it forces him to form the habit of bracing his powers to attack, often with success, questions which at first seem wholly beyond his grasp. I am not acquainted with any book which is constructed exactly on the plan here adopted. There are some books which contain questions adapted to the course of particular grammars, and others again which are made up of a collec- tion of papers actually proposed in different school or college examinations. The adoption of the former plan seemed likely to restrict materially the usefulness of the book, where so many different grammars are in use ; and the latter would involve the necessity of repeating again and again questions on the same topic, and would thereby cause the book to reach an unwieldly size if it should aim at anything like com- pleteness. I have, therefore, after giving a few pages of questions on the forms, which will be useful to all from the M689474 PEEFACE. very beginning of their study, arranged the questions in such a way, that, while they follow the natural development of the subject as generally adopted in grammars, they are still strictly miscellaneous throughout the whole book. If a dozen consecutive questions be taken anywhere in the book they will be found to relate to a considerable variety of points and will therefore represent pretty fairly an ordinary examination paper. But on the other hand a teacher may, if he please, assign any particular questions he may choose, by naming or writing on the black-board the numbers of those he desires answered. I think it would be found worth while to give up one of the hours of recitation once a month, or even oftener, to the answering of a certain number of these questions, the class being told beforehand that the questions to be given would be found on such and such pages. I assume here that each of the pupils has a copy of the book ; and when this is the case it may be used with effect also in class, the pupils being called upon to answer orally any selected ques- tions. The miscellaneous arrangement of the questions precluded any attempt to graduate them in the order of difficulty ; but it will be found that as advance is made a more complete knowledge is assumed ; and I have besides indicated those questions, which seem to me a litde harder than others near them, by setting the figures in a little further from the margin, I intended at one time to give pretty generally, at the end of the questions, references to the principal grammars in use. But I soon found that I could not manage to do this very satisfactorily, and besides I became doubtful of its expediency. I have, there- fore, given such references only when it seemed to me that there was some possibility, whether from the phraseology PREFACE. employed or some other reason, that the import of a question might be mistaken. I have throughout spoken of inflected words in the usual manner. I have done so because, while to persons who have been taught on the stem-system, either mode of pre- sentation is equally intelligible, this could by no means be assumed to be true of those who have learned to regard the nominative case or the first person as the starting point ; and I desired to render the book as generally useful as I could. I mention this because I do not wish it to be under- stood that my abstaining from giving the stems of inflected words is due, in the least degree,toany weakening of my faith in the enormous advantages of that system. On the contrary, in- creased experience only enhances my surprise that so manifest an improvement should still be waiting for universal recog- nition. To quote Prof. G. Curtius. ErlduL c. 6. (Eng. Tr. p. 49.) ''In the whole theory of inflection, everything turns on the strong and sharp distinction between stem and termin- ation. On this is based all analysis of forms. Even the pupil can easily be brought to understand that the stem of a noun, to go no further for an instance, which peculiarly and exclu- sively conveys the meaning, runs through all the cases, while the terminations are added to it to denote the several cases, among which the nominative singular naturally has a place. Compared with all the earlier methods the stem-sys- tem has the advantage of far greater simplicity. " CHARLES D. MORRIS. MoHEGAN Lake, Peekskill, Sept. 4th, 1871. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. There has been no change made in the text of the present, edition of this little book, beyond the correction of various misprints which had found their way into the former one. I have, however, added an index, which may serve as an analytical table of contents. The plan which I adopted, of arranging the questions miscellaneously, while it renders it perfectly easy to assign an examination paper covering several points by simply pitching upon a dozen consecutive questions at any part of the book, does not lend itself so readily to the needs of those, who, having taken their pupils over a particular part of the subject in the grammar or exercise book, as, for example, the Ablative case or the Infinitive Mood, may desire to give them the benefit of a difierent kind of drill, by setting them to answer the questions which this book furnishes on the matter in hand. To such persons I hope that the index may prove of some service, in rendering unnecessary a tedious search over many pages, and that thus the book may prove a useful adjunct to any grammar w^hich may be employed, and may be found conducive not only to the testing of work supposed to be completed, but also to the giving a clearer apprehension of parts of it while it is in pro- gress. It is obvious that the questions from No. 552 to the end admit of no classification, and they are, therefore, not referred to in the index. C. D. M. May SO, 1874. ABBREVIATIONS. H. — Harkness' Latin Grammar. B. — Bullions & Morris' Latin Grammar. G. — Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar. A. — Andrews & Stoddart's Latin Grammar. Al. — Allen's Latin Grammar. Superiot figures refer to Morris' Latin Grammar. QUESTMS ON LATM GRAMMAR. 1. Decline mensa, 'a table'; hortus, 'a garden'; regnum, *a kingdom'. 2. Decline togetlier, alta fdgus, * a high beech tree '. De- cline ager, 'a field'; puei^ *a boy'; and state the difference between them. 3. What cases are alike in the First Declension ? what in all neuter nouns ? what in all plural nouns ? 4. What Declensions haye no neuter nouns ? In what cases does the declension of neuter nouns differ from that of mascuhne or feminine nouns of the same declension (or stem) ? ^ 5. Decline, explaining the formation of the nom. sing., rex^ 'king'; lapis, * stone'; dux, * leader'; nepds, 'grandson'. 6. Decline, sermo, 'speech'; miles, 'soldier'; or do, 'rank'. In the last two explain the change of vowels which occurs. 7. Decline onus, 'burden'; corpus, 'body'; flas, 'flower'; and state their peculiarities. 8. Decline together saeva vdx, 'a savage voice'; pulcer pdvo, * a beautiful peacock '; bonus pater, 'a good father '. 9. Give the accus. sing, and the gen. plur. of, liomo, 'man'; eques, 'knight'; vulnus, 'wound'; lumen, 'light'; latro, * rob- ber ';/a5er, 'workman'; ^oe^a, 'poet'. 10. Decline in all genders, bonus, 'good'; llher, 'free'; piger, * slow '. 6 PROBATIO LA,TIT^A. 11. Decline, wrt 27 is, 'ship'; rupes, *rock'; mare, *sea'. . 12. Decline together, stulia avis, 'a foolisli bird'; grave pon- dus, *a heavy -weight '; tUtuiTi, ovlle, * a safe fold '. •^ 13. Give the accus. sing, and the gen. plur. of, lintei^, ' wher- ry'; vulpes, 'fox'; imher, * shower'; ager, 'field'; Uius, * shore'; ^ obsos, * hostage'. 14. Decline fnltis, 'mild', in all genders. What classes of words of the Third Decl. have the abl. sing, in I ? 15. Decline, animal, 'animal'; calcar, 'spar'; caedes, ' slaughter. ' 16. Decline, tirbs, 'city'; fons, 'fountain'; prudens, 'pru- dent ', the last in all genders. 17. Decline together, ferox eques, 'a bold horseman'; felios terra, ' a happy land '. 18. Decline, cwrri^s, /chariot'; manus, 'hand'; ac2^s, 'needle'. What nouns of the Fourth Decl. retain u in the Dat. and Abl. plur. ? y 19. Decline together, lacus ingens, 'a large lake'; cornH acu^ turn, 'a sharp horn'; tristis casus, 'a sad misliap'. 20. What words of the Fifth Decl. have the plural complete ? What have only the Nom. Yoc. and Accus. plur. ? Decline dies, 'day'; res, 'thing'; spes, 'hope'. / 21. Decline together, res facilis, 'an easy thing'; and in the sing., longa acies, 'a long array'. 22. What are Adjectives of Theee Teeminatioks ? of Two ? of One ? Give examples of each class. 23. What is there peculiar in the decl. of deer, 'keen'? How many more adjectives like it ? Give the principal ones. De- chne deer. 24 Decline iogeih.eT, proelium equestre, 'a cavalry skirmish'; deer aurlga, ' a keen driver '. QUESTIONS OK THE ACCIDEKCE. 7 25. Decline the singular of solus, 'alone', in all genders. What other words are declined like it ? 26. Decline the singular of uier * which of the two ', in all genders. What other words are declined like it ? 27. Decline the singular of alius ' other ', and the plural of uierque ' each ', in all genders. 28. When is the vocative case dilTerent from the nominative? Give the genit. and abl. singular and plural of ma7^e, *sea'; dies, *day'; h/pus, *wolf'; miyo, 'maidea'; calcar, *spur'; gener, * son-in-law '; j?asson2^s, 'good'; malus, ^hsid.*; parvus, 'small'; magnus, 'great'; mirijicus, ^ 'wondrous'; egenus, 'needy'; dives, 'rich'; nequam, 'worthless'. 46. Decline melior, ' better ', throughout ; and saevior hosiis. *a more savage enemy,' together. 47. Give the comparative and superlative adjectives assigned to the prepositions oitrd, extrd, ultra, infra, intra, supra, prae, post. 48. How are the Comparative and Superlative of senex, ' old ', andjuvenis, 'young', expressed? 49. Compare the adverbs formed from the adjectives alius, 'high'; gravis, ' hesiYj^ ; faeilis, 'easy'; parvus, 'small'; mains, 'bad'. QUESTIOISTS 01^ THE ACCIDENCE. d 50. Compare the adverbs dnl, *long'; saepe, * often'; tula, 'safely'; bene, 'well'; aegre, 'wealdy. 51. What are Cardinal numerals ? why are they so called ? what kind of question will they answer ? which of them are not declined ? Give the Latin Cardinals from 1 to 10. 52. Give the Latin for 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ; and explain the last two. 53. Decline duo, tres. What is irregular in the decl. of u7ius ? 54. Give the Latin for 12, 20, 29, 64, 78, 89, 98, 100, 1000. 55. What is the Latin for xxrv, xxxvm, liix, xlv, vkik, liXXxn, cci, DLVH, and explain the Koman method of notation. 56. What are Ordinal numerals? why are they so called? What kind of question will they answer ? 57. Give the Latin Ordinals from 1st to 10th. 58. Give the Latin for 12th, 13th, 14th, 31st, 35th, 38th, 49th, 100th, 200th, 300th, 1000th. 59. What are Distributive numerals ? What kind of question will they answer ? Give those answering to 1, 2, 3, &c., up to 15th. 60. Give the first ten numeral Adverbs. 61. What is a verb ? Explain and illustrate the distinction of Transitive and Litransitive verbs. 62. What is meant by 'Active Voice'? What by 'Passive Voice'? Examples. 63. Which are the moods which have endings distinctive of Person and Number ? What is this part of the verb sometimes called ? and why ? 64. Enumerate the parts of the verb which are Participial, i.e., unite the quality of a substantive or an adjective with the 10 PEOBATIO LATINA. meaning of a verb. "What name is sometimes given to this part of the verb ? and why ? 65. What are the * Principal Parts * of a Verb ? What tenses are suggested by each ? 66. Give the second person plnr. of the Indicative tenses of sum. 67. What person in one tense of sum has two forms ? Write out the future Imperative of sum, and also the loast imperfect Subjunctive. 68. Which of the compounds of sum have an imperfect Participle ? Explain the formation of it in these cases. 69. For -what Sire forem, for entf fore, used? 70. What is the irregularity of prosum? Give the pres. imperf. Indie, the past imperf. Subjunc, and the imperf. Infin. of it. 71. What are the irregularities of possum ? Conjugate the pres. imperf. Indie, the j^res. imperf. Subjunc, the past perf. Indie, and the pres. perf. Subj. 72. How are the four regular conjugations distinguished ? Explain the mode in which the various forms are for the most made. Illustrate this by analysing coendbimus, 'we shall dine'; monedUs, *ye may advise '; audwent, 'they might hear*. 73. Distinguish between Imperfect and Perfect Tenses as to their meaning. What form of the verb (or verb-stem), is that from which the Imperfect Tenses are made ? 74. *It is only in the Imperfect Tenses that there Bjcefour conjugations of the Latin Verb.' Is this statement true? Illustrate your answer by examining the Perfect Tenses Indie. Active of amo and regd. 75. In the forms amdbam, amdbd, amem, amdrem, point out what letters determine the tenses in each case ; and compare QUESTIONS OTi THE ACCIDENCE. 11 the rules thus derived with those which explain the corre- sponding tenses of moneo, regd, audio, 76. Give a synopsis ^ ^ -^ ^ of the tenses of the Active voice of amo. H. 216. B. 284. A. 156. 77. Give a synopsis of the Passive tenses of moneo. 78. Conjugate the present Imperative Active and Passive of audio and regd, 79. Give all the forms of the Infinitive mood of amd and 77101160. 80. Parse the following words, and conjugate the tenses to which they belong : 81. Amdmstis ; monedris ; rectus eriL 82. Audlie; ames ; monuerlL 83. Moneheris; auditor ; amdbdris. 84. Audlvisset; audies ; audids, 85. Monuerunt; amdmint; rectus est. 86. Moms; momMs ; monereris. 87. Begito ; monehdminl ; audientur. 88. Bexero; amdverant ; moneant. 89. Give a synoiDsis of the Active and Passive tenses of regd. 90. Give a synopsis of the Active and Passive tenses of audio. 91. How many participles has the Latin Verb ? give them, with the English, from amo, and audio. Give the Gerund and Supines of moneo and regd. 92. State the peculiarity of the conjugation of capio, *I take.* What other verbs are conjugated in the same way ? 93. Give the Present imperf. Indie. Act. and Pass, of capio. 94. Give the Past imperf. Subj. Act. of rapid, *1 seize.' 12 PKOBATIO LATIIN^A. 95. Conjugate the tenses of tlie Imperative Act. and Pass, of capio. 98. What are Dejponent Yerbs ? What Active forms have they ? How is the Future Infinitive made ? 97. Give a synopsis of the Tenses of mlror, * I admire'; loquor, *I speak.' 98. Give all the Infinitive mood and the Participles of vagor, ^I wander'; ^equor, *I foUow'; vereor, 'I fear'; hlandior, * I coax.' 99. What are Semi-Deponent Verbs ? enumerate them. Give a synopsis of the tenses of audeo, *I dare,' and/tct^, *I trust. ' 100. Give the general rule for forming the Perfect Active (Perfect Active stem) and the Supine (Perfect Passive stem) in the Pirst conjugation ; and illustrate by the verbs certd, ' I contend'; vocb^ 'Icall'; nomino, 'I name'. 101. The same for the Second conjugation ; liaheo, * I have ' ierreo, * I frighten'; dehed, *Iowe'. 102. The same for the Third conjugation; dlco, *I say' ju7igd, ' I join '; dilcoy * I lead '. 103. The same for the Fourth conjugation ; vestid, * I clothe ' fluid ^ 'I finish'; nuirib^ * I nurse'. 104. What Yerbs are regarded as irregular in Latin ? enumer- ate those which, if regular, would follow the Third conjugation. 105. What are the irregular tenses of volb, ' I wish ' ? Give the pres. imperf. Indie, and the past imperf. Subj., and ex- plain the irregTdarity of the latter. 103. Give the pres. imperf. Indie, and the pres. imperf. Subj. of nblb^ * I am unwilHng ' and mCdb, * I prefer '. 107. Give the imperf. Infin. of volo^ nblb^ mdlb^ and the Im- perat. of nolo. QUESTIOIS^S ON THE ACCIDEIs^CE. 13 108. Give the pres. imperf. Indie, Act. and Pass, oi fero, * I bear '; and explain the irregular forms. 109. Give the Imperative and imperf. Infin., Act, and Pass. oifero, 110. Parse ms, mdvultis, nolles, veUs,fertis,ferrl,ferre,fertur, 111. To what conjugation should eo, *Igo', belong? what are the irregularities of it ? Give the pres. imperf. Indie, the future imperf. Indie, and the pres. imperf. Subj. 112. "What other verbs are conjugated like ed ? give the pres. imperf. Indie, of each. 113. What is the employment of fid ? Like what regular verb should it be conjugated ? What are the points of differ- ence ? 114. Explain the forms es, estis, essem, esto; and say with what they may be confounded if the vowel be not marked. 115. Wliat are Defective Verbs ? Give the parts in use of did, * I say '. 116. Give the forms in use of inquam, * quoth I '. 117. Give a synopsis of the tenses of coepl, * I begin '; meminl, *I remember'; odl, *I hate'. What forms do they want? What name do they consequently have ? MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 118. Define 'a sentence'; 'Subject'; 'Predicate'; 'Com- plement' (^Predicate adj. or noun). Show how in Latin a single word may be a com]3lete sentence. 119. Define and illustrate the terms 'Agreement'; 'Attri-. bute'; 'Apposite' (=noun in Apposition). 120. What is meant by the expression ' the three concords '? Show, by declining mons, timns, castelhmiy each with the adj. 14 PROBATIO LATIKA. altus^ what is the rule for the concord of an adjective with a noun. 121. Wliat is the rule for the agreement of a finite verb with its subject ? When are subjects of the First or Second person expressed ? 122. Decline dea, ' goddess ', and point out its irregularity. Do any other words have the same ? if so, what ? 123. Give the principal parts oijuvd, * I aid'; veld, *I for- bid'; lavo, * I wash'; sio, 'I stand'; mordeo, 'I bite'. 124. Mention the regular mode of forming the Perfect Act. (Perf . Act. stem) of the four conjugations. 125. How is the Future Participle Act. made ^'^'^ ? Give this participle of orior, * I arise'; morior, *Idie'; sono^ 'I sound '; and show how these forms illustrate the rule. 12B. Give the general rules for the gender of nouns, as deter- mined by their meaning. 127. In what respects do the Perfect tenses Passive agree with their subjects ? Why is the rule different from that aj^li- cable to other parts of the Verb ? Illustrate. 128. Decline mX *snow'; ms, * force'; os, 'bone'. 129. In what ways are Distributive numerals employed ? Give them for the numbers 1, 8, 9, 16, 21. 130. What are Frequentative verbs ? how are they usually formed? Form such verbs from curro, *I run'; cldmo, *I shout '; died, ' I say '. 131. Give the principal parts (stems) oi jacio, *I throw'; jaceo, 'Hie'; vincd, 'I conquer'; vijicid, * I bind'; haereo, *I cling'; Jiaurio, * I draw'. 132. Give a list of the Prepositions which are followed by the accusative. [miscellaneous QUESTIOISrS. 15 133. What is the rule for the agreement of a compound (composite) subject with its verb ^^"^ ? State, with examples, the cases where the rule does not hold, ^ ' ^ H. 463, B. 643, G. 80, Al. p. 58, A. 211, E. 12. 134. What are Collective nouns? Examples. Translate, and explain the construction of : pars epulis onerant meyisds. Translate, and Explain the constr. of : (1) capita conjurdtionis securl percussl sunt ; (2) Suheunt Tegeaea juvenilis auxilio tardl. What name is given to such constructions ^ ^ -^ ? H. 461. B. G78. G. 8. Al, p. 55. A. 205, b. 33. 135. Give the rule for the agreement of the Eelative Pro- noun with its antecedent. How is its case determined ? Illus- trate this subject by explaining : (1) erant itinera duo, quihus iiineribus exlre possent ; (2) quein vides rex est. 136. In what senses are adjectives used as nouns ^ 9 s 9 j^^- amples. Translate and explain : omnium rerum mors est extre- mum. H. 441. B. 658 G. 3. Al. p. 55. A. 205, k. 7. 137. What is meant by 'the copula' ^^^ ? What kinds of verbs have a similar use, and are therefore called copulative verbs ? Examples. H. 353. B. 667. G. 4. Al. p. 134, A. 210, B. 3. 138. Compare nequam, frUgl, dexter, infra, prope. In what senses are the adjectives inferus, superus, posie)*us, exterus, used? 139. Give a synopsis of the tenses of caedo, *I fell'. Act. and Pass. 140. What are Impersonal Verbs ? Give a synopsis of the tenses of oportet, *it behoves'; poenitet, *it repents '. 141. Conjugate through the persons sing, and plur. pudet me stultiiiae, changing only the pronoun. 142. Parse : eant, mdllent, nonvis, ferte, ~i, posse, fiei, estis, /actus sitjfertd, Idto, 16 PEOBATIO LATIiVTA. 143. Eow are adverbs usually formed from adjectives ? Give tlie three degrees of adverbs formed from Idtus, gravis, aeger, tutus, facilis, tonus, parvus. 144. Wbat is tbe rule for the agreement of an Apposite "^ ° ^ ? In regard to suhstantlva mohilia ? in reference to two or more nouns ? Give examples of each case. H. 363. B. 622. G. 118. Al. p. 53. A. 204. 145. Translate and explain the construction of : med untus opera ^^^/ med solius perlculo ; nostrds mdistl flentis ocellos. H. 397. B. 628. G. 118. A. 211. b. 4, b, Al. p. 54. 146. Give the principal parts (stems) of pario, reperio, com- per id ; and explain the formation of the Perfect Active stem in each. 147. Explain the terms, Subject, Predicate, Complement, Attribute, Apposite, and form a Latin sentence in which you can mark each. 148. If the persons of a Composite Subject are diHerent, what determines the person of the Yerb ^ ? 7 9 Quote or make three examxDles to illustrate the cases. 149. State the nominative-endings (or the stem-letters ^''^) which usually indicate the masculine gender. H . 124. B, 152. Al. p. 11. 150. Decline mare, 'sea'; pignus, * pledge'; cor, * heart'; fructus, * fruit'. Give the gender of each, with the rule, if any, and mark the quantity of all the long vowels. 151. Explain what is meant by ' attraction ' ^ s s ^ 720^ Trans- late the following sentences, and point out what is to be observed in regard to the relative pronoun, (1) parva qiiaedam insula est, circvmfusa illb marl, quod Atlanticum, quern oceanum appelldtis. (2) Cassivellaunl fines d maritimls clvitdtibus flii- men dlvidlt, quod appelldtur Tamesis. (3) o nox ilia quae paene aete7mds hitlc urhl tenehrds ottulistl. H. 445. B. 694. G. 408. A. 206. 8, IT. Al. p. 57. MISCELLAINTEOUS QUESTIONS. 17 152. Give the principal parts (stems) of spohdeo; seed;- maneo; allicid; intelligo, and give otlier compounds of lego conjugated in the same way. 153. Decline in the singular /I^iws/ card; pelagus. "What other words are like the last ? 154. What words are meant by ' Pluralia tantum ' ^ * s 9 Qiye examples of each class. H. 131. B. 178. G. p. 30. A. 97. Al. p. 12. 155. State the nominative-endings (or the stem-letters ^^^) which usually indicate the feminine gender. H. 124. B. 159. Al. p. 11. 156. Enumerate, -with an example of each, the various uses of the Nominative case. 157. What seems to have been the primary import of the Accusative case ? What words indicate this most completely ? Translate, qui vero inde redltus Bomam! and point out what is to be observed in the construction. 158. What is the construction of verbs of 'teaching '? What other verbs have a similar construction ? What is the constr. oipetoy quaero, postulo? 159. Explain the forms ^°^ optdsils, flesse, audtsti, nosse. Is there any difference in the rule as applied to the various conjugations ? H. 234. B. 315. G. p. 78. A. 162. 7. Al. p. 38. 160. Explain what is meant by * Object.' In what case is it made ? Translate and explain : (1) animl ingraft crimen liorreb ; (2) elves meum cdsum luctumque doluerunt, 161. Parse (giving the principal parts), jussl, rlsimus, iersistiSf luxere, ausl simus, liaeserdmus, mansl, gdmsl. 162. Give the meaning in the singular and plural of the fol- lowing (Heterological ^^^) words: aedes ; career ; fortuna ; auxilium; litter a; liortus ; opera; tabula; sal H. 132. B. 179. A. 79. Al. p. 13. 18 PROBATIO LATINA. 163. Decline in the singular : Aeneas; Belos; Cwr ; Orpheus. Account for the various forms of the last. 164 What is meant by 'Factitive Verbs* '•^^? Give ex- amples with their construction. [H. 373. B. 715. G. 132. A. 230. 165. Compare liumilis^ niger, malus, dives; and give the Positive and Comparative forms of Imus, summus, postumus, 166. Give a synopsis of the tenses of morior and gaudeo. 167. In "what words or classes of words may the genitive ending drum ^ ^ ^ be contracted into um ? H. 42. B. 56. G. p. 13. A. d3. Al. p. 6. 16S. "What cases are used in exclamations ? Give examples. 169. What is the usual gender of names of rivers and mountains ^^^? Enumerate the chief exceptions to the rule ^'«-^ H. 35. B. 33. G. p. 11. A. 28. Al. p. 4. 170. Wliat is meant by the * Cognate Accusative'? Trans- late and explain the constr. of: (1) tertiam jam aetatem hominum Nestor vrvebat ; (2) carmina qur lasr pastorum ; (3) is locus id temporis vacuus erat. (4) illud assentior Theo- phrasto. 171. What is meant by *a Boot'? * a Suffix' ^^\ Explain the formation and meaning of gaudium, orndmentum, lectio, lector, mctrtx, f'diola, agmen, congeries, H. 320. B. 508. A. 100. Al. p. 51. 172. Conjugate the Imperative active of died. What other verbs have a similar jpeculiarity ? 173. Mention all the nouns which invariably take im, i " "* * in the accus. abl. sing. ; and others which do so occasionally. H. 85. B. 110. G. p. 23. A. 79. Al. p. 125. 174- Explain the terms * Heteroclite ' and 'Heterogeneous'; and give as many examples of each class as you can. MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIOjS-S. 19 175. What is meant by the accus. of 'nearer definition' (Limitation 7 5 e j 9 "What other name is applied to it, and why? Give examples and show what would be the more usual Latin construction. H. 380. B. 728. G. 130. A. 234. ii. AI p. 68. 176. How is 'motion to' Towns expressed? What other words have the same construction ? Translate and explain what is unusual in : (1) Pompeius marr Siciliam adiit, Africam exploravit, inde Sardiniam cum classe vCnit. (2) spSluncam dCveniunt. 177. Parse (giving the principal parts of each verb) nupsii, amplectetur, fixerU, JUsa, Jinxerd, fldat^ coniulisset, 178. Give the cardinal numerals answering to 8^ 18, 98 ; 3, 13, 39 ; 2, 200, 2000. 179. Give the ordinal numerals answering to 26, 34, 42, 57, 69, 73, 81, 95. 180. Compare the following adverbs : digne, gravUer, saepe^ diu, magnopere, dcriter, parum, male, bene, 181. What are Literjections ? Give the principal ones, mentioning the cases which often accompany them. 182. Define and exemplify 'Mobile' and 'Epicene' nouns. 183. Explain the formation and meaning of cdpiosics, cwllis, auddcia, Irdcundus. Form adjectives expressing 'propensity to — ' from edo, 'I eat', loquor, 'I talk', audeo, 'I dare'. 184. Translate and explain the constr. of the marked words: (1) bestiae quaedam tinum diem vrvunt ; (2) cTvitas sita fuit passus mille fermS a marl ; (3) SuSvI non muUtim frSmentO sed maximam partem lacte atque pecore vlvunt. 185. Enumerate, with an example of each, the chief uses of the Accusative case. 186. Decline together in the singular bos quidam; and in ih& plural quivis senex. 20 PKOBATIO LATIITA. 187. Parse (giving the principal parts of each verb) fregisfi, ruperit, capias, velit, vellit, Idbeiur, experrectus erat 188. What are Inceptive Yerbs ? how formed ? from what ? examples. 189. Give the cases in use from the stems ^ * ^ op-, fort-, ,, impet-, grdt-, vie-. What norms have no nom. sing, in use ? H. 133. B. 182. G. p. 30. A. 94 Al. 14. 190. Translate, and explain the construction of : (1) inutile ferrum cingitur ; (2) o fallacem hominum spem ! (3) pro deorum atque hominum fidem ! 191. What is the most common use of the Genitive case ? Explain the distinction implied by the names * subjective ' and * objective ' genitive, with examples of each. 192. What is meant by * Prosody'? Explain the terms ' short ', ' long ', ' doubtful ', as applied to syllables. 193. Decline dcus, domus, and in the sing. Laelius, 194. What is the usual gender of names of * trees ', * cities ', 'precious stones' ^^^. Mention any exceptions to the rule. H. 35. B. 34. G. p. 11. A. 29. 195. Wliat is meant by the Partitive Genitive ? in what other way is the same relation sometimes expressed ? Translate and explain : (1) multae harum arborum mea manu sunt satae; (2) utroque vestrum delector; (3) h5c ad te minims omnium pertinet ; (4) nihir ex his quae vidimus manet. In (2) could vestrl be used ? 196. Translate and explain the use of the Genitives in the following : (1) Polycleti signa plane perfecta sunt ; (2) singu- lorum opSs sunt divitiae cmtatis ; (3) ctijusvrs hominis est errare ; (4) est adolescentis majorCs natu ver5rr ; (5) I)5iphob5 Glaucr regr talia fatur. 197. Conjugate the pres. imperf. Indie. Act. of ca2no, pruded, prosum. MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 21 198. Parse (giving tlie principal parts of each) desiisse, nurds sieterunt, parids, parcds, pards. 199. Decline in the sing, in all genders cehr and niger. 200. What are the exceptions to the rule that one vowel before another in the same word is short ? 201. Decline in the sing. Cyhele, aether, Dtdo. 202. What are Patronymics ? Give the suffixes which are used in forming them. Make them, masc. and fem., from Tantalus, Theseus, Aeneds, 203. AVhat is meant by the genitive of * specification * (Definition'^')? what would be the usual constr. in such cases ? Translate and explain : (1) ex amore nomen amrcitiae ductum est. (2) dominl appellationem semper exhorruit. (3) triste est ipsum nomen carendr. [H. 396. B. 631. G. 156. A. 204. E. 6. Al. p. 60. 204. Wha;t is meant by the genitive of 'quality' (*Descrii> tive ' genitive ^ ' ^) ? What point of dijBference is there between the Latin and the English construction ? Translate and ex- plain : (1) vir bonus summae pietatis erga deum est ; (2) Tarquinius fratrem habuerat Aruntem, mrtis ingenir juvenem ; (3) non multr cibi hospitem accipiss, multi jocr. H. 396. B. 757. G. 161. A. 208. k. 6. Al. p. 60. 205. Whai is the difference between the Active and Passive voices of a transitive verb ? what changes must be made in changing an Active construction into the Passive ? Convert the following sentences into Passive constructions : (1) SgregiO consul rem gessit; (2) gigantGs bellum dis intulSrunt; (3) tendo supmas ad caelum mantis ; (4) ille malum virus serpenti- bus addidit atrrs. 200. What suffixes must be attached to a substantive to express (1) a person engaged with a thing ; (2) the office of a person ; (3) a collection (of trees, &c. ) ? Form such derivatives from (1) argerdum, * money'; s'lca, * dagger'; aqua, * water'; 22 PROBATIO LATi:^rA. (2) consul, 'consul'; trihunus, * tribune'; praetor^ * praetor'; (3) myrtus, * myrtle'.; rosa, *rose'; vlmeAi, * osier'. 2C7. What are Intransitive Verbs ? Sliow wliy they cannot be used, like Transitive Verbs, with a complete Passive. What Passive form may they have in Latin, and how are they said to be used ? what is their subject then ? Transfer the pres. imperf. Ind. of currby *I run,' into the Passive. 208. Translate the following sentences and explain the use of the genitive in each. (1) avida est perlcuK virtus. (2) insitus est nobis amor patriae. (3) jucunda est memoria praeteritorum malorum. 209. Write the Perfect and Supine of d'digo, reperio, maned, 'perfundb, percello, cedo, caedo, cado, moved, cognosco, 210. Write the following words, marking the quantity of the penultima, giving when you can rules of prosody : iempora, responderunt, dederint, discedo, iniquus, oceanus, remanet, egly impedit, manus, brevis, cervices, protulit, nolite, vectigaL 211. Show by your translation of the following plu^ases that different prepositions must often be used in English to repre- sent the Latin Genitive. (1) aditus laudis ; (2) consolatio rSrum adversarum ; (3) dsslderium urbis ; (4) maeror f uneris ; (5) remedium irae ; (6) metus hostium. Show how the last is ambiguous. Apply to each use the proper name and justify ifc. 212. Explain the irregularity of the forms ^ ^ ^ scripsit, dixe, accestis, nfdrlhal, sclbo, edim, duim, lauddrier, Idhier ; and give the Principal Parts of each. H. 234. B. 320. G. p. 102. A. 162. 7. 213. Decline Mnestlieus, AcMUes, Tliales, Dido, 214. Translate the following sentences, explaining the use of the genitive in each. (1) Italia plGna est Graecarum artium ; (2) patiens est laboris atque frTgoris ; (3) iDhilosophia est MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIOl^S. 23 efficiens voluptatis ; (4) sitientem m5 yirtutis tuae dCjeruistl; (5) bestiae sunt rationis et orationis expertCis. 215. Mention the gender of the following words, stating the rnles under which they come or to which they are except- ions. Sermo, agger, lectio, cardo, lapis, scipio, amnis, nex, dchna, dies, deus, marmor, manus,fructus> dominus, cornu, res, W:iat feminine nouns are there in -us (stem -o-)? 216. Decline satrapes, potma, canepTioros, 217. Distinguish the meaning cf the Singular and Plural of the following (Heterological ^"■^) words: aqua, copia, opera, rostrum, gratia, pars, comitium, Indus. H. 132. B. 179. A. 97. Al. p. 13. 218, Decline in the Sing, and Plur. carhasus, caelum, locus, anceps. 219. What is the construction of verbs of rememhering, forgetting, &c. Give examples. Translate and explain the sentences : (1) venit mihiin mentem Platonis ; (2) non venit in mentem pugna apud Eegillum lacum. 220. Translate and comment on the sentences : (1) vacuae caedis sunt mantis ; (2) TuUia celeriter adolescentem suae temeritatis implet ; (3) stultum est eorum meminisse, propter quae tur oblivisceris ; (4) lassus maris et viarum ; (5) animr pendere soleo. 221. Give the 3rd pers. sing., and 2nd pers. Plur. of all the tenses of eo. 222. Give all the Infinitives and Participles of rapid and ve7^eo7\ 223. How is the passive oifacio expressed ? How that of its compounds ^oo. H. 279. B. 429. A. ISO. Al. p. 42. 224. Give a list of nouns with nom. sing, is (stem -i- ^^'^) which vary from the rule in regard to gender, H. 106. B. 160, G. p. 23. A. 63. Al. p. 11. 24 PEOBATIO LATINA. 225. Wliat verbs take tlie genitive of the cause ofemotioyi ^ ^ " ? How do misereor and misei^or differ in tlieir construction ? Quote or make examples. H. 409, 410. B. 783, 805. G. 173. A. 215. Al. p. 62. 22G. Decline together in the Sing. Marcus Tullius Cicero senex, 227. Give the PrinciiDal Parts of adjuvo, nolo^ venio, paciscor, sperno, fovea, mordeo, scindo, marking the long vowels. 228. Give a synopsis of mordeo and paciscor, and inflect the Imperative^ 229. Translate and comment on the following sentences. (1) MiltiadCs, capitis absolutus, pecunia multatus est ; (2) nostrr nosmet poenitet ; (3) ICgibus ambitus interrogatus poenas dedit ; (4) reus votr est. 230. "What is the rule for the quantity of monosyllables ? Give the Exceptions. 231. What is meant by weak position idehilis posiiio) ^ ^ 6 2 9 What difference of usage is there in regard to Latin and Greek words ? H. 611. B. 1428. G. p. 10. A. 284. ex. 2. Al. p. lOG. 232. Decline sus, cams, meiisis, anceps. 233. Give examples of singuldria tanium ^^'' and plurdlia taiitum. H. 130. B. 177. G. p. 30. A. 95. Al. 14. 234. Wlien is the Genitive used to express tlie value of a thing ? mention certain adjectives and nouns sj)ecially so used. What is the construction of aestimo ? Is the genitive of any words used with verbs of buying ? if so, name them. 235. Translate and explain the following phrases : (1) magna pars hominum ; (2) quod operae ctiraeque in litterls ponis ; (3) satis eloquentiae, sapientiae parum ; (4) abunde jpotentiae gloriaeque ; (4) quantl quisque s6 ipse facit, tantr fit ab amrcls ; (5) est mihi tantr. 236. State the construction and usual position of causa, grdiid, ergo, instar. Quote or make an example of each. MISCELLAiSTEOUS QUESTIOiq^S. 25 237. Form nouns to express (1) the male agent from aro^ * plougli ' ; curro, * run ' ; (2) the female agent from faved, ' favour 'j ulciscor, * avenge'; (3) the instrument from venor, *hant'; lavo, *wash'; (4) the place for from bos, *ox'; ovis, * sheep *. 238. Decline in the singular aUe^* ille homo, and in the plural vos duae urbes. 239. Enumerate, with an examjole of each, the chief uses of the Genitive case. 240. Parse, giving the Principal Parts of each verb, cancts, mensus sis, Jiauserit, vinxistl, ventum est, trwere, soles, consitus, 241. What is the rule for the quantity of the last syllable of words ending in a and e ? mention the chief exceptions in each case. 242. What is probably the primary meaning of the Dative case ? show how this meaning will account for most of the uses of it ? Illustrate by examples in which the original meaning is most apparent. 243. Translate and comment on the following sentences : (1) PelopidSs omnibus perrculrs adfuit ; (2) parva magnTs saejpe rectissime confer untur ; (3) vestrr auxiHl est, judices, hujus innocentiae subvenlre ; (4) Hannibal Alexandro Magno non est postponendus. 244. Give the Principal parts oiferb when compounded with ad, ob, dis-, sub, ex, ob, 245. Compare the adjectives 'gracilis, mirtficiis, egenus, and the adverbs leviter, pulore, diil, 246. When the Perfect Active is made by reduplication, what vowel may the prefix take ? what change may the stem- vowel undergo ? what verbs retain the reduplication in their compounds ? Dlustrate by examples. 247. Translate with j^recision and comment on the sen- 26 PROEATIO LATI1S"A. tences : (1) Livitis Ennio aequalis fuit ; (2) aequalis C^jus fuit AristrdSs : (3) hand similis virgo est virginnm nostrarum ; (4) patrr simiKs est frlius ; (5) Carthago fuit aemula imperil Eomanr • (6) dictator Caesar summis oratoribus fuit aemulus. Mention any other words with a similar variety of construc- tion. 248, What constructions may propior, proximus have ? 249, **The stem of the Present Tense (Imperfect stem) is often not identical with the root of the Verb. " Give examples of this, and indicate various ways in which Verbal roots are modified in the formation of the i)resent Tense. 250. Give a synopsis of morior, and of the active of torreo, 251. Give the Principal Parts of cogo, compingo, emo, coma, adimo, colligo, intelligd. 252. What is meant by the Dative of * Interest'? How can this use be shown to be connected with the primitive meaning of the case ? Examples. 253. Translate and comment on the following sentences: (1) homini fidelissimr sunt equus et canis ; (2) nobrs spondet fortuna salutem ; (3) philosophia medstur animrs ; (4) obsidos reliquls eivitatibus imperavit ; (5) Jugurtha omnr Numidiae imperat. 254. Decline nds, n. iter, pulms, 7'espuhlica, 255. In what words of Dec!. II. ^^^ do we find drum con- tracted into 'ilm ? H. 45, 5. B. m. G. p. 15. A. 53. 256. What is the usual gender of names of mountains ? mention some exceptions. 257. What is the rule for the quantity of i final ? give the excejptions. 258. What cases follow faved, * favour ', deficio, ' fail ', nubo, * marry', noceo, *hurt', laedo, *hurt', Jz, ^"assist ^ medeoTy 'heaVjJubed, * order', ignosod, * pardon ',/itcf(}, * trust'. t MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 27 pared, *obey'? Make or quote an example to sliow the con- struction of each. 259. Translate and comment on the follo^ving sentences : (1) parce pio generr ; (2) hoc mihi confirmavit et persuasit ; (3) victrls causa dels placuit sed victa Catom; (4:) ego hmc causae patronus exstitr ; (5) nuUr turpitudinl servit. 260. Give the distributive numerals and the numeral adverbs answering to 10, 18, 29, 32, 68, 100. 261. What is meant by the * Ethical ' Dative ^ ^ ^ ? Is there any corresiDonding idiom in English ? Translate and explain : (1) ecce tibi exortus est IsocratOs ; (2) quid sibi vult avfiritia semlis ? (3) pro deiim fi dem quid vobrs vultis ? H. 389. B. 838. G. 149. A. 228. (a) Al. p. 64. 262. Translate and comment on : (1) semper in cTvitate, quibus opCs nuUae sunt, bonis invident ; (2) est mihi domi pater, est injusta noverca ; (3) mihi quaestor imperatori fuerat Plancius ; (4) Aeduorum cTvitatr praeci^Due indulserat. 263. Decline together in the singular decimus quisque ordo, and in the plural mcijus isiud onus, 264. Parse, giving the Principal Parts of each verb, mttris, lacessdiis, concussit, revixl, ureris, alUciet. 265. With such expressions as nomen est iihi, in -what case is the name usually made ^ ' ^ ? in what sometimes ? H. 387, 1. B. 632. G. 121. A. 226. b. 1. Al, p. QQ, 266. Give the gender of pax, flumen, flcimen, grexy turho, segeSy poriicuSj calix, canius, iribus, stating the rules of which they are examples or to which they are exceptions. 267. W^hat is the rule for the quantity of final o ? give the exceptions to it. 268. Translate, and explain the use of the Dative in the following : (1) custos frtimento publico est positus. (2) Dum- norigT custodss p5nit. (3) barbarrs ex fortuna pendet fidCs. (4) lionesta bonis virls non occulta quaeruntur. 28 PEOBATIO LATIjS-A. 2G9. Decline togeih.Q,T jugum praeceps and alia ahles. 270. Exi^lain how the Dative is apparently used as the agent with Passive verbs. Comment on : (1) res mihi tota provrsa est ; (2) haec res mihi probatnr ; (3) barbarus hrc ego sum, quia non intelligor ullr. 271. Translate and comment on the following : (1) id totum eripere vobis conatus est ; (2) Prso fratrem ex perTculo eripuit ; (3) tibi sTca ds manibus extorta est ; (4) etiam sapien- tibus cupldo gloriae novissima exuitur. 272. Form nouns expressive of abstract qualities or states from the adjectives, /or/^s, * brave', laeius, * joyful', gravis, * heavy ', sanctus, * holy '; and adjectives expressing intensity of action from the verbs grdtulor, * congTatulate ', vereor, * fear ', Irascor, ' be angry ', furo, * rage '. 273. Distinguish the negative i3articles nd7i, haud, ne, ne — quidem. 274. Give all the Infinitives and Participles oijuvo, morioVy nascor, seed, orior, partior, 275. What is the rule for the quantity of final w? What final consonants usually follow short vowels ? give any ex- cejDtions. 276. Distinguish the meaning of metud te and metud tibi,' of consulo te and consulo tibi; of convenio te and convenio tibi. What difference of meaning have tempero and moderor when used with the Accusative or the Dative ? 277. Give a list of verbs which take an Accusative or a Dative without important difference of meaning. 278. What is meant by the Dative of the 'end'? How is the second Dative which is often found to be explained ? Translate and comment on : (1) nimia f rducia calamitatr solet . esse ; (2) virtus sola nee duno datur neque accipitur ; (3) Pausanias vSnit AtticTs auxilio ; (4) summam laudem Iloscio vitio et culpae dedistl. MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 29 279. Explain accurately tlie phrases : (1) cm bonO fiiit ; (2) liaec ad bellum usui snnt ; (3) habeo t5 dSspicatm ; (4) liaec res tibi erit probrO ; (5) receptul canit ; (6) est mihi cordr ; (7) erit milii citrae. 280. Give the Principal Parts of fiecio, pectu, fundo^ texo^ iego, pmgd, scinddy pascoy gigno, 281. Mention some adjectives which are without (1) the Positive degree, (2) the ComiDarative, (3) the Superlative. 282. AVhat is meant by the * Locative * case ^^ ^ ? with what is it usually identical in form ? Write the Locative of Boma, Ailienae, Tarenium, Tyrus, PuieoTi, Tlhur, Cures, Lemnos, Karthdgdf Halicarnassus, Delphi. How is the rule of Apposiiio)i modified in reference to Locatives ? H. 423. B. 934. G. ISO. A. 221. Al. p. 74. 283. Translate and comment on the sentences : (1) Archias po5ta Antiochrae natus est, celebrl quondam urbe et copiosS ; (2) cur Delphis oracula jam non Gduntur ? (3) Atticus Antonium Trburr convGnit ; (4) senatorCs Neapolr in celeberrimo oppido cum mitella vrdimus. 284. Distinguish, by quoting or making examples, the use of the adj. primus and the adverbs primz«?z trnd-primO. 285. Explain accurately with examples the constructions of circumdo. What other verbs admit a similar variation ? 286. Explain the meaning of such derivatives as, (1) docilis ; (2) lapidusus; (3) aurltus ; (4) honiids ; (5) auddx ; {^) fraudu- lenUis ; (7) Cannensis; (8) latericiiis. 287. Explain the archaic forms perduini, faxit, a7x(ss}s, atisim. 288. In what case is animl in the phrase : ego animl pendere soled ? Make your statement consistent with the ex- planation of : pendemus animis, crucidmur, angimur, 289. Give the gender of the following nouns, stating the 30 PROBATIO LATIN A. rules of wliicli they are examples, or to wliicli tliey are ex- ceptions : a^lnis, mons, arbor, dies, ordo, iellus. What is meant by Epicene nouns ? 290. Enumerate, with an example of each, the various uses of the Dative case. How is the sentence, it clamor caeld^ to be explained ? 291. Parse, giving the Principal Parts of each verb, jacids, fldere, constitit, connixit, citus, flesse, lotus, poius, concinere. 292. Give examples of Multiplicative and Proportional numerals, and explain their meaning. 293. How is the place where a thing is or occurs usually ex- pressed ? State the cases in which a preposition is not generally used. Examples. 294. Translate and comment on the following sentences : (1) de amrcitia alio libro dictum est ; (2) dictator claudr taber- nas tota urbe jubet ; (3) tribum militum porta CoUma urbem intrSvSre ; (4) terrae motus in Gallia comioluribusque insulrs totaque in Italia factr sunt. Why is in used in the last case ? 295. When is the Ablative used to express definitions of Time ? Examples. In what cases must the prep, in be used? 296. What is the quantity of final as, es, as, is, us ? mention any exceptions to the rule. 297. What is meant by the Ablative of Specification (Limi- tation ^^'*)? Examples. What other case sometimes takes its place ? H. 429. B. 889. G. 194. A. 250. Al. 54. 298. How is the means or instrument of an action expressed? Examples. When must the preposition ^er be used? 299. Translate and comment on the following sentences : (1) hr jaculrs, illr certant defendere saxis ; (2) oculrs captr f odere cubrlia talpae ; (3) sol bmas in singulis annls reversionSs facit ; (4) medicr gravior^s morbos asperls remedils curant ; (5) bellum per lOgatos gessit ; (6) contremisco tota mente et omnibus arfcubus. MISCELLAITEOUS QUESTIOIS'S. 31 300. What nnmerals answer to (1) quot? (2) quotus? (3) quoienl? (4) quoties? (5) quoiuplex? (G) quoiuplus? 301. Wliat adjectives liave superlatives ending in limus^ rimus ? 302. Compare in tile given number, case, and gender : nequidres, Imorum, plura, posle7Hdre, diiissimds, pejorem, meliora, senis, junidribuSy minima^ malar ^im, 303. Write out the Interrogative pronoun quis, in all genders. When are qui, quod, used for quis, quid ? 304. What case follows uior, fungor, friior, potior, vescor ? How is it to be explained ? Give other verbs which have the same construction. Quote or make examples. 305. Translate and comment on the following sentences : (1) fungar vice cotis ; (2) rSx impius auro vr potitur ; (3) fron- dibus et victti pascuntur simplicis herbae ; (4) tuo quid factum est pallio ? (5) cibus eorum lacte, caseo, came constat ; (6) decemviri quinquaginta caprls in foro sacrificarunt. 306. Distinguish between et, que, aique, ac; aui, vel, ve, slve. 307. What is the construction of verbs oifdling? What of adjectives ? Give examples and explain them ; and quote in- stances in which the usual practice is inverted. What is the construction oipraediivs? ^ 308. How is the price of a thing expressed ? How is the construction to be explained ? Compare with it the genitive of valuation. Examples. 309. Distinguish accurately between nun nemo and nemo non^'^ f, H. 585. B. 998. G. 237. A. 277. R. 3. 310. Decline nix^ vis, gigds, Paris, 311. What is to be said about the Accusative and Ablative Singular of si'/fs, Tlberis,famllidris, aedllls, turris, tussis, imber^ 82 PKOBATIO LATI^^A. ignis, puppis. What neuter nouns with nom. sing, e (stem-i-) have the Abl. Sing, in e ? 312. Parse and explain the words : inquam, quaesumus, apage, ceite, ave, salvehis, 313. Explain fully the double construction of inutOy per- muto. 314. What case is required by each of the following adjec- tives? dignus, fretus, contenius, idoneus, praeditus ; and how is each construction to be explained ? 315. Translate and comment on the following sentences : (1) viUa abundat lacte, caseo, melle ; (2) vigintr talentrs unam orationem IsocratSs vendidit ; (3) emit dOnario quod mille deniXrium est ; (4) haec scripsr ad te llberius, fretus conscientia officir mer ; (4) sorte tuS contentus abr ; (5) fidem suam et religionem pectinia commtitavit. 316. Parse, giving the Principal Parts of each verb, vixit, pelliciety eliciat, falleris, compriment, edUc, fodies, texuerit. 317. Enumerate certain monosyllabic nouns w^hich are not found in the genitive plural. Decline mel and riis. 318. Classify verbs in reference to the formation of tlio Supine (Perfect Passive stem). 319. What are the pecuHarities of the verb do and its com- pounds ? 320. What is meant by the Adverbial use of the Ablative ? of what more general head is it a part ? Quote some ablatives which are virtually adverbs 84? 9 What is to be said about the use of cum in such cases ? H. 444. B. 876. G. 197. A. 247, 2. Al. p. 70. 321. Translate and comment on the following sentences : (1) injuria fit duobus modrs, vi aut fraude ; (2) pace tuii cum Thaide colloquar ; (3) MiltiadOs summiX aequitiTte ri^s ChersonOsI constituit ; (4) ratione et via procCdit 5rilti5 ; (5) hoc horret Milo neque injuria. >f MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 33 322. What is meant by the Ablative of Characteristic (Quality) ? what must alwa^'-s be used with it ? with what other construction is it to be compared ? is there any dibtinction of meaning or use to be observed ? Quote or make examples. 323. What is the quantity of final i in the compounds of uhif utl ? where is is final long ? 324. Give the Imperative, Infinitive and Participles of ed. What irregularities are there in its Indicative mood ? 325. Parse, giving the PrinciiDal Parts of each verb, secuerit, nactus est, potieris, over is, and mention the irregTilarities of the last two. 326. Translate and comment on the following sentences : (1) senex fuit promissa barbS, horrenti capillo ; (2) ratione et via philosophantur ; (3) id aequo animo feret clvitas ; (4) pon- tem Mulvium magno comitfitti Allobrogum ISgatr ingredr in- cipiunt ; (5) Hercuhs simulacrum multo sudore m5navit ; (6) neque mon^re t5 audeo praestantr prudentia virum, nee con- firmare maximr animi hominem. 327. What is meant by the Ablative of the Biandard ^'^ ? For what other construction is it often a substitute, and with what limitations may it be employed? Examples. H. 417,^ B. 895. G. 195. A. 256. Al. p. 71. k 328. Translate and comment on the following sentences : (1) nihil est otiosa senecttite jucundius ; (2) Attains, quo graviorem ininiTcum non habm ; (3) elephant o beluarum nulla est prudentior ; (4) Albano non plus animr erat quam fideT ; (5) ita sentio, Latmam lingnam locupletiorem esse quam Graecam ; (6) pluris est oculatus testis unus quam aurrtr decern. If another construction is admissible in any of these cases, state it. 329. Explain and illustrate the Euphonic changes which occur in the formation of the Perfect Act. (Perf. Act. stem) of some verbs. Ji > ^'^J^ X 84 PEOBATIO LATINA. 330. Give tlie Imperative and Infinitive, Act. and Pass., ttrougliout of quaiid. 331. Give a synopsis of qucror, and of the Active of tero, 332. Give examples of Intensive and Desiderative Yerbs, and slio vv their mode of formation and meaning. 333. What is to be noted in regard to the construction of amplius, plus, minus, &c. Translate and explain : (1) Quinctius tScum plus annum vixit ; (2) plus quingentos colaphOs infregit misero mihi ; (3) neque longius mllia passuum octo aberant. 334. Translate and comment on the sentences : (1) pesti- lentia coorta est minacior quam perniciosior ; (2) Celer tuus disertus magis est quam sapiens ; (3) proelium atrocius quam pro numero pugnantium editur-^ (4) Caesar opmione celerius veniet ; (5) senectus est natui'a loquacior ; (6) perturhatio est appetrtus vehementior. 335. What is meant by the Ablative of Measure «^2? What class of words is often so used ? Translate and explain : (1) haec est aetas decern annls minor quam consularis ; (2) quo major est in animls praestantia, eo majore indigent drligentia ; (3) mrlibus passuum sex a Caesaris castrls consSdit ; (4) quin- quies tan to amplius VerrSs, quam quantum licitum est, cmtati- bus imperavit. H. 418. B. 929. G. 196. A. 527. k. 16. Al. p. 71. 336. Mention the gender of i^e following words, stating the rules of which they are examples or to which they are excep- tions : poema, onus, acus, acer, hortus, quies, Jiastay Hadria, IhUer, lepuSf lex, grex, nex, 337. Translate and define the use of the Ablative in the following sentences : (1) levamur superstitione, liberamur mortis metu ; (2) usti urbis prohibr^re peregrmos inhumanum est ; (3) vacare culpa magnum est solatium ; (4) metu supplicir aut mortis multr vim tormentorum pertulSrunt; (5) nonnullT officia dsserunt mollitia animr ; (6) dubia spe impulsus certum in perlculum sS commTsit. -f- MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 35 338. Translate and define the use of the Ablative in the following sentences : (1) parente natus est P. Sestius, homine et sapiente et sancto et severo ; (2) concordia parvae res crescunt, discordia maximae drlabuntur ; (3) Caesar ea legione, quam s?^cam habcbat, militibusque, quT ex provincia convener- ant, muriim fossamque perducit ; (4) misenim est carere con- STiettidine amlcorum; (5) Capua fortissimonim virorum miiltitudine redundat; (6) Atreus Tantalo prognatus fuit, Pelope natus. 389. Convert the follo-wing sentences into the Passive con- struction : (1) DitXna frUiis NiobGs occldit ; (2) Germam viribus imperir RumanT restiterunt; (3) peregxina mulier Hion in pulverem vertit ; (4) ts, Orpheu, inter poetas numeramus ; (5) imus in aiitiquam silvam ; (6) fortunae male creditis. 340. Enumerate, with an example of each, the chief uses of the Ablative case. \ 341. Decline in the singular gravis 'idem senex, and in the plural ulem juveuis petulans. 342. Give instances in which the nouns with long final syllable in the nom. sing, increase short [i.e., in which a short stem-vowel is made long in the nom. sing). 343. Make compound verbs from curro, pond, teneo, with the prefixes ad, oh, sub. 344. Decline herds, Belos (in the sing.) poesis, 345. State and show by examples the mode of expressing (1) the Time how lojig; (2) the Time when ; (3) the Time with- in which; a fact occurs. What is implied by ad or in (w. ace.) before a noun of time? 346. Show in what ways the distance of time before or after an event may be expressed. Translate and explain : (1) testS- mentum Augusti ante annum et quattuor mens5s, quam dOcesserat, factum est ; (2) Aristldes decessit fere post annum qu£irtum quam Themistocl5s AthenTs erat expulsus. 347. Convert the following sentences into the Passive ■\ 36 PROBATIO LATI]S"A. construcfcion : (1) poSta canit liCroum laudes ; (2) milites regem numos poscCbant ; (3) ts, pecunia, deam f acimus ; (4) sapientem saepe stultum vocamus ; (5) caecTs erramus in midrs ; (G) virtulT invidctis, fayetis improbitatl. 348. Translate into Latin, using ahJdnc to exjjiess ' ago ' : (1) " tins happened sixteen years ago "; (2) *' you y/ere quaester fourteen years ago"; (3) *'tlie comitia were held thirty days ago". 349. Describe the Eoman notation of the days of the month. On what days did the Calends, Nones, Ides, fall respectiyely ? How are the days preceding them designated ? 350. Explain the rules for conyerting English dates into Latin, and Latin into English. Express in Latin Jan. 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 30, 31. 351. What cases follow infero, poeniiet, pared, cared, fi'uor, iendx, frttus, in, ante, super, 352. Giye the Principal Parts of fateor, iono, peib, vincioy cold, ta7igd. 353. Parse, giying the Principal Parts of each Verb, coeperds, nosset, nequeunt, sanxit, liaustu, apertus erit, orsus, ortus, mensus, 354. Enumerate the simple yerbs conjugated like capio ; and state wherein their }peculiarity consists. 355. Giye the general rule for the exi3ression of the place where a thing is. What words form exceptions to it? Illustrate. 356. State together the rules specially applicable to names of towns in reference to (1) motion to them, (2) rest at them, (3) motion from them. In which case is a preposition often used? Illustrate. 357. Enumerate the Impersonals oi feeling. State, with examples, their construction, in regard to the person conscious of the feeling, and the thing which occasions it. MISCELLAKEOUS QUESTIONS. 37 358. Translate and comment on the following sentences : (1) voluntatis me meae nunquam poenitebit, consilir poenitet ; (2) natus est Augustus IX. Kal. Oct. (3) Capuam vei^rre jussl sumus ad Nonas Eebruarias ; (4) nonne te pudet, Verres, mulieris arbitratu gessisse praeturam ? (5) jamdiu piget me taedetque hujus mrlitiae ; (6) Llvius ea exposuit quae a Romanrs domr bellrque gesta sunt. 359. What cases accompany tlie following words? fretus, similis, praedituSy eged, post, pro, j!)rae, cared, invideo, pracsto^ pared, deficio, desum, 360. Convert into the Passive construction : (1) mrlites in campO fortiter pugnant ; (2) Lucius mO litteras docuit ; (3) ludum ludebatis perlculosum ; (4) sTc ibimus ad astra ; (5) omnes interdum medicmae indigent ; (6) bonus judex nocenti- bus non parcit. 361. State the co2i£;truction of tlie Impersonal licet, (1) in regard to the person, (2) in regard to the thing, (3) in regard to a predicate adj. (complement). Quote or make examples. 362. What Pre]oositions govern more than one case ? Give examples of the construction of each. What is meant by * postpositive ' ; and which prepositions are so ? In what re- spect is cum peculiar ? 363. When are the personal Pronounsused in the nominative ? How is the want of a pronoun of the third Person supioHed ? What is the distinction in the use of the two forms of the gen. plur. of ego and tu ? 364. What verbs are called neuter-passive (Quasi Passive ^ "; and why ? What construction have they ? Exami^les. 365. What is the Infinitive mood ? Define and limit its use. Contrast it with other words of the same Grammatical class. 366. Translate and comment on the following sentences: (1) discere, inquit PlatO, nihil est aliud nisi reminiscT ; (2) quid 88 PROBATIO LATINA. turpins est quam senex vrvere incipiens ? (3) eonim, qui misericordiam non flagitant, magis nos miseret, quam eorum, qui flagitant ; (4) murem agrestem yltae urbanae cii:o pertae- sum est ; (5) licet vobrs incolumibus per nos ex hibernis dis- cedere ; (6) adolescentium aetatr non modo non invidetur sed etiam favetur. i 367. State with exam]Dles the construction of oportet, decet, ^ 11. Wliat are the Supines ? State the sense and construc- tion in which each is used. 378. Explain the formation of the Future Infinitive Pas- sive. Comment on : audio eum monitum trl, 379. What is meant by the First and Second Periphrastic conjugation ? Give a synopsis of the former in the Indicative mood and of the latter in the Subjunctive mood, from the verb veho. 380. In what respects does the Gerund as a verbal noun differ from other nouns ? 381. If the Gerund belongs to a Transitive Verb what case should follow it ? Is this construction commonly admitted ? If not, what substitute is there ? and what changes does this involve ? 382. Translate the following and show accurately the changes of form and construction which the hteral rendering of your English would require : (1) XerxSs ingentem exereitum conscripsit ad dsbellandam Graeciam ; (2) Brutus studio incensus est recuperandae Irbertatis ; (3) stomachus ad con- coquendos cibos datur; (4) OrestSs patris ulciscendr causa matrem interfGcit ; (5) Claudius vir parens et gerendae rerpublicae idoneus fuit ; (6) tr5s virl creilti sunt constituendae reipublicae ; (7) consul placandrs drs dat operam ; (8) fortitQdo in laboribus subeundrs cernitur. 383. State (1) when the gerund-construction is necessary,' J< 40 PROBATIO LATIjN^A. (2) wlien the gerund-construction is to be pre/erred; (3) wlien the gerund-construction is to be avoided, 384. Translate and comment on the following sentences : (1) hominis mens discendo alitur et cogitando ; (2) stultum est venatum ducere invrtos canes ; (3) quod factti foedum est, idem est et dictu turpe ; (4) quod optimum factu videbitur fades ; (5) legatr in castra Aequorum venerunt questum injurias et ex foedere res repetrtum. 385. State fully the construction of the Impersonals interest and refei% in regard to (1) the person ; (2) the thing ; (3) the degree. Quote or make an example illustrating these points. 386. Explain the following phrases : hoc a mS facit ; servus a manu ; ex usti ; pro tua humanitate ; d5 industria ; d5 tertia vigilia ; ter in anno ; peccavl citra scelus ; per summum dedecus. 387. Express in Latin Eeb. 23, 24, 25, 26, in ordinary years and in leap year.* 388. Classify the Personal, Possessive, and Demonstrative * lu leap-year (when February had !29 days) the intercalated day was inserted after Feb. 23, and up to and including the 24th the days were noted as for a month of 28 days. But from the 25th the days were noted as for a month of 29 days. This arrangement caused both the 24th and 25th to be called the sixth before the Calends of March : and therefore the month was called husextile, and the intercalated day (the 24th) hissextiis dies, or sextm posterior. Thus w^e have : ^ Feb. 23=a. d. (28+2-23=) vii. Kal. Mart. Feb. 24=a. d. (28+2—24=) vi. Kal. Mart, posteriorera or bissextum. Feb. 25=a. d. (29+2—25=) vi. Kal. Mart, priorem. Feb. 26=a. d. (29+2-26=) v. Kal Mart. Feb. 27=a. d. (29+2-27=) iv. Kal. Mart. Feb. 28=a. d. (29+2-28=) in. Kal. Mart. Feb. 29=a. d. (29+2-29=) prid. Kal. Mart. The old names of the months Quintilis, Sextllls were abandoned for Julius and Augustus in recognition of the services of Julius and Augustus Caesar in reforming and regulating the calendar. ^ "X MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 41 pronouns in reference to the tliree loersons. Explain the use of the Demonstratives to express *the former', *the latter'. What special use has iste derived from judicial proceedings ? 389. Explain the probable origin of the Latin Passive Voice. Quote instances in which its original force is per- ^ ceptible. ^ 390. When is the Infinitive used as a subject ? After what classes of verbs is it used by itself as an object (Prolative) ? Quote or make examples of each construction. 391. What apparent difference of construction is there in English and Latin in the use of the Infinitive after verbs im- plying duiy and possibilUt/? Exjolain fully with examples. 392. Give the English notation corresponding to : prrd. NOn. Jan.; prrd. Id. Oct.; a. d. vn. Kal. Apr.; a. d. iv. Non, Quint; a. d. vi. Id. Sext. 393. Translate and comment on the following sentences : (1) interest rerpublicae doctrinam fovSre ; (2) hoc tua magis quam cCterorum interest ; (3) illud mea magnr interest, ts ut videam ; (4) magni ad honorem nostrum refert, m5 quam prrmum ad urbem venire. y 394. Under Avliat circumstances is the Gerundive used to express obligation or neoessity ion? Is this force inherent in the Gerundive itself ^01^9 how is the person on whom the obligation rests [or the agent) expressed? When must the construction be Imi^ersonal ? Quote or make examples to illustrate these points. 395. Translate and comment on the following sentences : (1) loquendum est cum prudentia et cum ]3rudentia tacendum ; (2) etiam erga inimicos officia servanda sunt ; (3) nOn vobrs audiendr sunt, qm drcunt Trascendum esse inimlcrs ; (4) superanda omnis f ortuna ferendo est ; (5) certandum est manti : servitutr mors ante]3onenda est ; (6) ab Alexandre cSdendum erat temporibus et mrlitr ignoscendum. 42 PROBATIO LATINA. 396. What are the Participles ? How many Participles are there in the Latin Verb? Give all there are of moneo, ed, hortor, gaudeo, sequor, ^ 397. What is meant by the ablative absolute ? why are such clauses called * absolute', and to what is this term opposed ? Illustrate what you say by comparing the two sentences : (1) Caesarem mllitSs, quamvls reetisantem, ultro in Africam sectitr sunt ; (2) lata lex est, Catone acerrime repug- nante. 398. Explain the meaning of the suffix in the following words : dictwrzc), vesperasco, quaerzYo, chartacews, bovl/e, gesta- gen, i^ticulum, cistula, ca;pdx, iertna, cslidus, d^Gximonia. j 399. Decline in the sing, sonus concors, and in the plur. dives praedium, 400. What is the use of the Gerundive in connection with such words as trddd, conduco, loco, &c. ? Translate and explain: (1) perfugam Fabricius reducendum curavit ad Pyrrhum ; (2) aedem Castoris P. Junius habuit tuendam ; (3) Procas frliia regnum annuls vicibus habendum relTquit. 401. In what case is the subject of the Infinitive mood ? What name is then applied to the whole construction ? What is the Historical Infinitive and in what case is its subject? Translate and comment on : (1) constat nos ad agendum natos esse ; (2) maxima vr certatur ; interea Catilma in prrma acis versarr, laborantibus succurrere, integros pro saucirs arcessere, multum ipse pugnare, saepe hostem ferrre. /^ 402. In what eases may a Predicate Adj. (Complement) with an Infinitive be made ? Give an example of each kind. 403. State the rules which define the quantity of the various forms of the Yerb. 404. Form by the use of the Gerundive expressions im- plying * obKgation to do ' the acts asserted in the following sentences at the same time and by the same persons : (1) mllitCs in MISCELLAIS^EOUS QUESTIONS. 43 fluctibus oonstitiSmnt ; (2) cum hostibus pugnabam ; (3) hostGs propellemus ; (4) de navr desilitis ; (5) eadem alacritato utSmur; (6) nostrl firmiter insistebant ; (7) equitSs cursuiii tenebunt ; (8) navigia mllitibus complentur. 4:05. Parse, giving tlie parts of each verb, sudsit, ferhuerat, cieMl, iorta est, enecdbit, fassus, falleret, Jldit, fldiU 406. Is a participle always necessary in the construction of the Ablative Absolute ? Show by examples. Explain the sentence : Alexander, audrto Darlum movisse ab Ecbatams, fugientem insequr pergit. 407. Convert into the Passive construction the following sentences : (1) fortunae levitas homines vetat esse superbos ; (2) Deus nos jubet mortis memorOs vrvere ; (3) parentis Irberos decent pios esse et virttitis studiosos ; (4) patria nos jubet fidelss esse ad sC dofendendam ; (5) damna multorum admon- ent nos cautos esse ; (6) cum hominibus plans non perfectrs vrvimus. 408. Translate the following sentences carefully, pointing out in each why the participle is Conjunctive (Eelative) or Absolute : (1) catapultis dispositrs mtiros dcfensoribus nudavit; (2) Caesar Alexandria potrtus regnum Cleopatrae dedit; (3) artes innumerabilss repertae sunt docente nattira ; (4) epistolae oifendunt non loco redditae ; (5) perditls omnibus rebus, tamen ipsa virtus s5 sustentSre posse videtur. 409. Mention various ways in which the want of a Perfect Participle Active is supplied in Latin. 410. Classify the Tenses of the. Indicative mood in such a way as to indicate their use. What is meant by the terms * Perfect ', * Imperfect ', * Indefinite ', applied to them ? 411. Distinguish between Independent (Primary) Sen- tences, and Dependent (Secondary) Sentences. How many kinds are there of the former class ? 412. Write in Latin May 14, June 5, July 26, August 1, /X4ifc«r'W^4«. 9 - "^i^ A^'J^-riM^^ d^ 44 PEOBATIO LATIN A. . Oct. 8, Xov. 3; and in English a/d. ni. Kal. Jan., a. d, iv. **'*/ 2* ■^^' ^^**' P-'^^^* JS^^' Q^i^^-j ^^^ translate : d5 Quinto fratre ' huntir nobis trist^s vSnerant ex ante diem m. Non. Jun. usque J ad pnd. Kal. Sept. %-t?>tt-4 ^ ^^-r%^\s^% aii^ Ml ^ 413. What suffixes are attached to the roots of nouns tj^ J// * form adjectives meaning (1) 'made of, (2) 'related to', t^ ^ full of ', (4) * provided with '; ttie thing denoted by the noun? Give examples of each. L %4A^ 414. When a sentence containing an assertion is used as the object or subject of a verb, what is it called ? what changes does it undergo ? what Enghsh word usually introduces it which has no equivalent in Latin? How is its tense deter- mined ? 415. Adapt the following sentences to stand as the subject of constat *' it is well-known.'* (1) agricolae dant agnis aquam ; * (2) rex nuntium Eomams misit ; (3) terra satis frumentr mrhti- bus praebet ; (4) moenia urbr addimus ; (5) Belgae Komanis supplicSs venient ; (6) Galba imperii capax fuit ; (7) multr sp5 vana falluntur ; (8 Nllus aliquanto altior est Tiber!. 416. Adapt the following sentences to stand as the object of the verb placed in a bracket before them : (1) [sclmus] haec vaUis jticunda vidGtur ; (2) [putat] industria pueros magistrls commendat ; (3) [crSdimus] non n5brs tantum erramus ; (4) [dicit] est utilis urbr ; (5) [putant] parvo content! sunt ; (6) [droit] puellae sapientSs Hnguls temperabunt ; (7) [negavit] vitia Deo displicent ; (8) [audlmus] tu es patriae idoneus ; (9) [existimo] pessimi gloriae virtutis invident. 417. Explain the following phrases : ad hunc modum : per \im ; secundum nattiram vlvere ; servus a pedibus ; a tergo ; de Parthrs triumphare ; e regione Massiliae ; 5 r5 pubHca ; in aere meo est. 418. Give the nominative endings (or the stem-letters) which usually indicate the feminine gender. MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIOIS'S. 45 419. "What is the usage of tLe pronoun is? How does it differ from that of the Demonstrative pronouns ? "What other pronouns are derived from it ? 420. Translate and comment on the following sentences : (1) heu ! quod decebat facere, non quibam miser ; (2) lectita- visse Platonem studiosS DSmosthenSs dicitur ; (3) non omnSs agros videmus esse frugiferos ; (4) natura houMnibus calorSs et frlgora perpetienda distribuit ; (5) viget animus in somnis, jacente et mortuo paene corpore ; (6) Komam ad Cannas victi sunt, Aemilio et Yarrone consulibus ; (7) honoribus et pecunia contemptrs, quid metuendum est ? (8) litterae praetOribus tra- duntur, signTs integrrs. 421. Mention some Deponent verbs, the perfect participle of which is used in a passive sense. 422. Into what two classes must the Tenses of the Indicative mood be distributed in regard to their time? "What is meant by * the Historical present ' and the * Aorist *, and with which of the classes are they to be reckoned ? 423. When it is necessary to use a tense of the Subjunctive mood, how do we decide which of the four to employ ? Give examples. 424. Give the Principal Parts of corinpid, ohlino, ohllviscor, desino, arcesso, cupio, sero, 'plait', pinso. 425. Into what two classes may Questions be divided ? Hlustrate this by examples. What name may be applied to each class ? 426. Distinguish between the Interrogative particles -ne, num, nbnne, in reference to their anticipation of an answer. Why are such particles needed in Latin but not in English ? 427. State the nominative-endings (or the stem-letters) which usually indicate words of the neuter gender. 428. Give the chief uses of the Present Imperfect and Past 46 PKOBATIO LATIISTA. Imperfect Tenses of the Indicative. What import have they when such words as jamdudum, jampridem, &c., are used with them? 429. "What case (or cases) will a noun take when it is used to state (1) a criminal charge ; (2) a price ; (3) an instrument ; (4) a possessor ; (5) the time when ; (6) a locality ; (7) a cause of emotion ; (8) a condition ; (9) an agent ? Give an example of each construction you mention. 430. What are Disjunctive questions ^1029 State the particles used in introducing them. What is the use of an ? Explain its apparent use in single questions. H. 346. B. 1107. G. 246. A. 198, 11. d. Al. p. 98. 431. What mood is commonly used in asking questions directly? Turn ^^lihrl multa pueros docenV into a question (1) without anticipation of what the answer will be ; (2) with anticipation of an affirmative answer ; (3) with anticipation oi a negative answer. '432. When a question is not asked but merely quoted, what name is appHed to it ? what mood does it take m =^ ? how is the tense determined ? By what words is it introduced ? H. 525. B. 1182. G. 252. A. 265. Al. p. 91. 433. Decline supplex, hos, lam*us, cinis. What other words Like the last ? 434. Porm adjectives from the following Proper Nouna expressing * relation to ' them : Verres, Antium, Cannae, Socrates, Gracchus, Ameria, Lesbos, Atlienae, Smyrna, 435. Adapt the following questions to stand as objects oi the verbs placed in brackets before them: (1) [rogat] num frlius est patri similis ? (2) [quaeram] quis m5 r5gr commenda- vit? (3) [quaesiit] num negare audss? (4) [rogant] nonne in pace Numa R5mulo exceUuit? (5) [rogavit] iturusne es Athenas ? (6) [quaeris] qualia sunt vma ? (7) [quaesiit] quot 5va repperistr ? (8) fquaesieras] num cupiditatibus serviendum MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 47 est ? (9) [qnaerGbam] nonne probo hominr jure confTditur ? (10) [rogaverat] num licuit Yobrs otiosis esse ? 436. Distinguish between the meaning of the two tenses of the Imperative mood. Give in full the Imperative of sapio, * I am wise ' with the English of each form. Of what Verbs is the Future Imperative used in the sense of the Present ? 437. Enumerate, with examples, various ways of making Affirmative commands ^'^K H. 535. B. 115. G. 65. A. 267. Al. p. 80. 438. What is the negative particle used in making Pro- hibitions 1^289 In what cases is non regularly employed ^ i ^ s 9 What forms of the Imperative are used negatively only in the poets ^^^^ ? H. 538. B. 1113. G. 64. A. 267. Al. p. 80. 439. Enumerate, with examples, various ways of making negative commands ^^^^ H. 538. B. 1114. G. 65. A. 267. Al. p. 80. 440. Explain the chief uses of idem and ipse. 441. What is an Enclitic ? mention some. What is the difference between bis terve and bis terque ^' ^ ^ ? 442. What rules may be given for the quantity of the Perfect Active and the Supine (Perfect Active, and Perfect Passive, stem)? 443. When the matter of a command is made the object or subjecb of a verb, what may it be called ? and what rule is there then for its mood ^ ^ ^ ^ 9 ^nd for its tense ^ « *^ ^ ? H. 530. B._1200. G. 442. A. p. 280.- A. p. 93. 444. Adapt the following commands, entreaties, &c., to stand as the object of the verbs in brackets before them : (1) fimperat] arma servrs adime ; (2) [jDetrvit] n5 patriae infidelss estote ; (3) [imperavit] cTvem Eomanum vincrte ; (4) [petunt] magistrattis contra luxuriam certantO ; (5) [lexmonuit] judicSs praemia ne capiunto; (6) [hortiitus est] moenia CI clvibug 48 PEOBATIO LATIT^A. firmantor ; (7) [oravit] sub fago mCciim jac5 ; (8) [pater monet] ns nimium diti dormrvens. 445. How are attainable wishes expressed ? liow unattain- able ? Examples. What is tlie mood then called ? 446. In what respect does the Latin usage differ from the English in the treatment of clauses dependent upon verbs of hoping, promising, &c. Examples. 447. What is meant by a * Dependent (Secondary) sentence '? How are such introduced ? name the principal classes into which they fall. 448. Adapt the following sentences to stand as objects of the verbs in brackets before them : (1) [tradunt] Apollo Mobes frlios interfscit ; (2) [quaesiit] nonne fTliabus Oedipr mala a vate Trresia praedicta sunt ? (3) [petiit] Palladis statuam, o Phrdia, effinge ; (4) [rogavit] tune orationes nobis veterSs explicabis ? (5) [dixit] dr cum deabus ad nuptias Psleos et Thetidis venient ; [imperavit] crastino die redrte in aciem ; (7) [praedixit] urbs Koma GallTs tradetur ; (8) [quaerit] quid Capuae agitur ? (9) [sperat] ervitiltes multae a Cyro deficient ; (10) [pollicitus est] senatm ac rerpublicae non deero. 449. What is the regular reference of the pronoun se, suus, when it stands in an objective (nominal) sentence ^^^. Trans- late and comment on : (1) Camillus mihi scripsit ts sOcum locutum esse ; (2) Ariovistus respondit omnSs Galliae cTvitates contra sO eastra habuisse; (3) Ariovistus respondit n^minem secum sine sua ^^° pernicie contendisse. H. 449. B. 1024. G. 306. A. 208. 450. What is the distinction in the use of the interrogative forms, quis, qui; quid, quod; uter? Is the last ever used as a relative ? Illustrate. 451. What are Final Sentences ii^e^ how are they intro- duced ? What mood do they take ? Quote or make examples, H. 489. B. 1205. G. 330. A. 262. AI. p. 88. MISCELLATs^EOUS QUESTIOiS:S. 49 452. Explain tlie foUov/ing exi^ressions : prae dolore tacet ; absque liac ima foret, quam fortunatus sum cSteris rebus; Catilrna ex itinere pleiTsque consularibus litteras mittit ; pro eO ac x3otur ; 5 vestlgio ; ex usu. 453. Wliat are Consecutive sentences ii^a? how are they in- troduced ? v/hat mood do they take ? Examx)les. H. 494. B. 1218. G. 340. A. 262. Al. p. 89. 454. Translate the following clauses and explain the use of the Infinitive ; and show in each case what would be the more usual prose construction ^ ^ ^ : (1) dCscendo promere vma ; (2) non nos ferro Libycos populare Penates vSnimus ; (3) natl coram mO cernere iGtum f ecistr ; (4) hortiltur sequl ; (5) dederat comam diffundere ventrs; (6) quern virum sumis celebrare, Clro ? (7) solr cantare perltr Arcades ; (8) avidus committere pugnam. 455. What is the construction of dignus^ indignus (1) when followed by a noun, (2) when followed by a verb ? Examples. 456. When is qnominus used to introduce a consecutive sentence ? Example. 457. Distinguish between the use of indefinite pronouns in negative Final and Consecutive sentences. 453. What is the construction of the Historical Present in regard to the sequence of tenses ? 459. What peculiar usage of tenses did the Komans some- times employ in letters ? 460. What is a Conditional sentence ? What is the com- pound sentence of which it forms a part called ? What names are applied to the Secondary sentence and what to the Primary ? Elustrate by English examples. 461. Under what circumstances is a Consecutive sentence introduced by quln ? what is the meaning of the word ? How is it used in commands ? Examples. 50 PEOBATIO LATIINTA, 462. Give constructions in wliicli the Genitive^ Dative, and Ablative are used in place of a true Apposite. 4:63. Describe the three main forms of the Hypothetical Period ^^^'\ and show how the terms^ '* Logical", *' Ideal", and '* Unreal " appropriately characterise their import. Give an example of each. H. 507. B. 1261. G. 378. A. 261. Al. p. 81. 464. Give instances in which a derived word varies in quantity from its primitive. 465. What are Concessive Sentences ^2179 "V^hat antece- dent term often stands in the Primary ? By what conjunctions are they introduced ? State in general the moods w^hich ac- company them. H. 514. B. 1281. G. 397. A. 263, 2. Al. p. 85. 466. Explain the use of the Indicative after 7iescid qua pacta, &c. 467. In what case is a Consecutive Sentence employed where we might expect an objective (nominal) assertion ^"^*? H. 558. B. 1222. G. 341. A. 262. e. 3. Al. p. 97. 468. Explain fully the use of uf, ne after verbs of fearing, 469. Translate and explain the use of the cases in : quatrrduo quo ^^^ haec gesta sunt res ad Chrysogonum in castra L. SuUae Volaterras dsfertur. 470. Distinguish carefuUy the meaning of the Indefinite pronouns, quis, qwdihet, allquis, quldamf quisque, quisquam, 471. What are Temporal Sentences ^ ^ ^ ^ ? What mood do they usually take? Distribute the Temporal Conjunctions into three classes, according as they introduce circumstances (1) antecedent to, (2) contemporaneous with, (3) subsequent to, the action of the Primary Sentence. H. 521. B. 1237. G. 349. A. 282, 3. Al. p. 86. 472. What is the Construction of quum (1) when exact * Applied to them by Prof. Gildersleeve. MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 51 coincidence of time is to be indicated, (2) in Historical naiTa- live ? Examples. 473. Translate : mnltr principOs civitatis Eoma non tam sm conservandr quam ^ ^ ^ tuOrum consiliorum reprimendorum ^"°* causa profugSrunt. Explain carefully tlie use of the Gerundive. H. 563, 4. B. 1017. G. 219. A. 275. k. 1, 4. Al. p. 100. 474. What is meant by tlie Potential use of the Subjunc- tive 1 ^ ^ 3 9 Distinguish the meaning of the present and past tenses in these cases. How is the mood to be explained? Examples. H. 485. B. 1177. G. 54. A. 260. ii. Al. p. 84. 475. How are repeated actions consequent upon repeated conditions expressed ? ExamxDle. 476. Quote sentences illustrating the four uses of quisque. In what kinds of sentences is quisquam always used ? In v/hat respects is it defective ? 477. When do anie-quam, prius-quam take the subjunctive? Examples. 478. How is the jDoint from v/hich distance is reckoned ex- pressed ? how the measure of space intervening ? Examples. 479. What do Causal senteuces express ? by what Conjunc- tions are they introduced? w^hat moods do they ^ke under ordinary circumstances ? Examples. 480. In what two ways may indignant questions be ex- pressed ? Suggest a possible explanation of each construc- tion. 481. What is meant by the Deliherative Subjunctive ? Wliat by the Optative Subjunctive ? Examples. 482. How may the answers '* Yes ", " No ", be expressed ? Explain the meaning and use of immo. 483. Give instances of compound words which do not retain the quantity of the words from which they seem to be formed. 52 PROBATIO LATIi^A. 484 Wliat words introduce Adjectival (Relative) sentences ? What mood do they take when used most simply ? Translate and account for the Subjunctive in the following sentences : (1) quotusquisque est qui voluptatem contemnat? (2) rex Lampsacum urbem Themistocli donavit unde vlnum sumeret ; (3) 5 fortunate adolescens qui tuae virtiitis praeconem HomS- rum in veneris ; (4) dignus est qui ab omnibus lauds tur ; (5) decern praetores el5g5re qui exercitul praeessent. 485. Enumerate the classes of Dependent (Secondary) Sentences which require the Subjunctive mood. In what senses is the Subjunctive used in Primary Sentences ? 486. Under what circumstances do Secondary Sentences, which ordinarily have the Indicative, require the Subjunctive 1 1 » 9 -^'iiat may they be then called ? Translate, and explain the Subjunctive in : Solon drcebat nSminem, dum vlveret, beatum haberr posse, quod omnes ad ultimum usque diem ancipitr fortunae obnoxii essent. Rewrite the sentence, omit- ting the words * Solon dlcCibat '. 487. What idiomatic use have alius, alter, when they are used twice (1) in the same sentence, (2) in successive sentences r Examples. 488. Explain the formation of the Future Infin. Passive. From what verbs can it not be made ? What substitute may then be employed for it ? 489. What is the meaning and construction of nediim? Explain the terms metre, foot, dipody, ictus, arsis, thesis. 490. Express in various ways in Latin **They send ambassadors to ask for aid. " 491. Under what circumstances does a sentence express* ing a cause take the subjunctive ? 492. Explain the terms Caesura, Gaesural Pause, Elisimi, Synaeresis, Synizesis. MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 03 493. State the ease or cases by which the pricey the source, time wJien, and place where (including names of to"svns) are ex- pressed, and give rules. 494. Translate the following sentences and explain the subjunctive : (1) quid est, Catilma, quod te jam in hac urbe dslectare jDossit ? (2) nunc ego mea video quid intersit ; (3) supplicatio decrGta est hrs verbis ; quod urbem incendils llber- assem ; (4) C. Sulpicium mlsl qui ex aedibus CetliGgl, si quid tslorum esset, efferret. 495. Decline in the Singular, with the proper gender of the adjective annexed, nox [Hiius], fides [Piinicus), mare {iiierque), orion {nimbus us), marking all the long vowels. 496. Decline in the Plural, with the proper gender of the adjective annexed, marldng all the long vowels, ensis [piignax), partus {iutus), finis (extremus), mos {vetus). 497. Give the Principal Parts of reperio, ordior, cupid, cir- cumdo, aufero, tango, arcesso, marking all the long vov/els. 498. Inflect, marking aU the long vowels, the singular of the Future Act. of maiieo and venio, and the plur. of the Pres. Imperf. Subj. Pass, oifacio and^e^o. 499. Give all the Infinitives and Participles oipurgo, per go, morior; and inflect the Imperat. Act. of died. 500. "What case or cases follow oh, occiirro, moned, gaudeo, Irascor, sub, pudei, pro, pi^aeditus ? 501. What verbs govern tvro Accusatives ? Give an example of each you mention. 502. In what ways may the agent be expressed ? Point out any difference of meaning between them. 503. State in what ways the construction of names of to^vns differs from that of most other names of places. 504. What is meant by ordtio obllqua? State the rules apx)licable to assertions commands and secondary sentences. 54 ^ PEOBATIO LATi:D;rA. 505. Wliat is meant by *rlietorical questions'? State an important difference of their construction, from that of other questions, in ordtid obliqua. 506. What pronouns find no place in ordtid ohllqua ? How are they usually represented ? Under what circumstances can the pronouns nos, nosier be employed ? 507. Mark the quantity of the following forms of verbi giving a rule where one is appHcable : — amabas, amarer, am averimus, amabitis : dabit, das, darem, datum ; movi, veni, fidisti, cecini, motum, litum, petitum, monitum, itum, auditum 508. By what case or cases may you reprep.ent ' an agent ', * a cause ', ' an instrument ', ' a criminal charge ', * a cause of emotion ', * the place ' of an action, ' the time ' of an action, * the price ' of a thing, * the material ' of a thing, ' the quality of a person, * the possessor ' of a thing ? 509. Explain accurately the distinction between scio quae quaerds, and scio quae quaeris ^^ ' ^, and the reason of it. 510. Is there any distinction between the use of quominus and quln as subordinative conjunctions ? What kind of sen- tences do they introduce ? Examples. 511. State the cases in wiiich that form of the Hypothetical Period which contains a supposition contrary to the fact (unreal suppositions) has an Indicative mood in the conclu- sion '^^\ 512. What is the distinction between the use of nisi and si nbn in negative conditional sentences ^ ^ ^ « ? Examples. 513. What is the construction of qmtm when it is used to exjDress (1) exact coincidence of time 1231^ (2) an antecedent event '233^ (3^ r^ contemporaneous event, (4) a concession ^^25^ (5) a cause ^ ^ * ^ ? Examples. 514. What is the exact meaning and the construction of qitanqiiam, quamins, licet, in concessive sentences ? Examples. MISCELLANEOrS QUESTIOITS. 05 515. Explain tlie term as ^ ^ S and give its subdivisions. Explain : hei^es ex asse, heres ex semissSf asses usurae. 516. Explain the terms Zeugma, Hendiadys, Synecdoclie, Systole, Synizesis. 517. Adapt the following examples of the Hypothetical Period to stand as objects of the verbs in brackets before them ^'^^^i (1) [clamitabat] sT Caesar adesset, ad castra hostes non vemrent ; (2) [clamat] si quis impediet, eum pro hoste habsbo ; (3) [dixit] impudens sim si plus postulem ; (4) [non dubitabat qum] perrsset Aegyptus famO nisi fruges servatao essent ; (5) [negavit] veniam sr consul jusserit ; (6) [senex dixit] sr quis deus hoc mihi largiatur valdS recusem ; (7) [confirmo] sr v5rum respondSre velies, haec erant drcenda ; (8) [cr5do] plurOs cecidissent, nisi nox proelium diremisset. 518. Give the gender of the following words, stating the rule of which they are examples or to which they are excep- tions : carbOf granddy sanguis, lex, nubes, ehur, regio, passer, vertex, sors, animal, fulgur, inciis, mensa, flus, grex, gens^ 519. How may a cause be stated Avith the suggestion that it is not the real one -1^2439 What is the difference between non quod and non qum in such cases ? 520. In what senses does dum take the Subjunctive? Examples. What is observable about the tense used with it in temporal sentences ? 521. What is the construction of dubito : (1) in the sense of * doubt', (2) in the sense of 'hesitate'? Examj)les. 522. Give the Principal Parts of cado, caedo, cedd, tono, reperio, aperio, curro, pasco, paciscor; and the Infinitives and Participles of abed and ulciscor. Parse oblltus and oblitus, 523. Mark the quantity of the final syllables of the following words : juxta, templa, iia, Aenea ; urbe, pridie, mone, bene, late; servl, mihi, quasi, ubi; servo, duo, rego, solo. 56 PKOBATIO LATIN A. 524. Wliat case or cases follow super ^ tenus, recordor, fruor, similis, pared, confldo, pudet, do, doceo, moneo? 525. What nouns of the Second Decl. are feminine besides those which are so by their meaning ? 526. What distinction of meaning is there between uiile est Gdium adesse, and utile est quod Gdius adest ^^^-^2 527. What construction is used to express the subject of the impersonals restat, accidit, aecedit, aequitm est ? 528. Mention the gender of the following words, giving the rules of which they are examples or to which they are excep- tions : frons, pugil, vomer, tiximes, pax, aequor, fel, calix, call-is, sclpio, amnis, nex, ddma, dies, carbasus, lepus, irihus, car do, lapis, orbis, manus, hortus, 529. Adapt the sentence, Homerus mulfts saecuUs ante Herodotum vixit, to stand as the subject of the present imper- fect and the present perfect of videor, trddor ^"y\ 530. Enumerate, with an example of each, various sen- tences in which the relative pronoun requires the Subjunctive mood ^2 4 9^ 531. What dijBference is there in the construction of quod or quia and non quod or non quia -^=^4 -a 9 Explain. 532. Say when the Subjunctive should be employed aftei dum, quum, ut. Would ne or ut non follow restat and moneo respectively ? Why ? 533. Wliat is a dactyl, an anapaest, a spondee, a trochee, an iambus ? Ex]olain the terms Arsis and Thesis. 534. What is meant by Elision ? what letters experience it 't mention the exceptions. Under what circumstances is it sometimes neglected ? 535. Write a scheme of the Dactylic Hexameter and Pentameter, and quote lines to illustrate each. MISCELLAKEOUS QUESTIOJ^TS. 57 536. What are general relatives ? "What mood do they com- monly take -^248^ 537. Define the terms * Heteroclite ', * Heterogeneous ', * Heterological ', as applied to nouns, with examples of each. 588. Explain the terms * Asyndeton'; *Synapheia'; * Ana- crusis'; 'Synizesis'; *Hemimer'; *Dipodia'; * Diastole'. 539. Enumerate the different ways in which the Perfect Active is formed. How far can you account for any of them ? 540. Explain the terms * Attraction ', * Cognate Accusative ', 'Ethical Dative ', * Ellipsis', * Synesis '. 541. Explain the periphrasis by which the Future Infin. Passive is formed. In what other way is the same sense often expressed, and when must it be so ? 542. How far is the Latin language deficient in participles, and how does it supply their absence ? 543. Explain the expressions : ceniesimae usurae ; lieres ex dodranie; semisses iisurae ; sestertium vicies. 544. State with sufficient examples the leading rules which determine the moods and tenses used in ordtid oUlqua. 545. Distinguish the Indefinite i)ronouns, ullus, aliquis, quisque, quisqitam, qmlihet, quispiam. Illustrate the various uses of quisque, 546. Express the following sums in U. S. Currency, taking the sestertius as $0*04. (1) HS. quadringenties trlcies quin- quies ; (2) centies quinquagies sestertium; (3) HS. ciocio. Explain the symbol HS. 547. Give the Principal Parts of desilio, refercio, effodio, coalesco, texo, convello, stringo, nuho, mordeo, veto. 548. Give the genitive case and gender of sal, pelagus, crater, der, rddlXy sanguis, collis, seges, sus, incola. 58 PEOBATIO LATII^A. 549. Turn the following iDassage into the ordtio ohliqua :— non d5 possessione Siciliae ac Sardiniae de quibus quondam ngebatur sed pro Italia vobrs est pugnandum : nee est alius ab tergo exercitus qm nisi nos vincimus host! obsistat. Hrc est obstandum, mrlit5s,velut sr ante Bomana moenia pugnSmus. 550. Parse adsuerint, adlrl, contempldtor, genihus, surrecta; and give (1) 3rd plur. pres. imp. Ind. of circumeo ; (2) fut. Inf. Pass, of laedo; (3) 1st plur. pres. perf. Ind. of audeb; (4) 2nd plur. pres. imp. Subj. of Tiortor. 551. What cases are governed by vescor, interest, pared, decet, ienus, orb, studeb, potior, prae, opus est. In the following passages, a translation is to be given, and the words noted are to be commented on ; thus— (1) italic letters imply that the construction of the word is to be given ; i.e., its case, mood, tense, person, &c., with a sufficient reason. (2) a * implies that the Principal Farts of a Yerb are to be given, or the Degrees of an Adjective or Adverb. (3) a f implies that a noun, &c., is to be declined, or a tense inflected, through all cases or persons. (4) a J implies that a particular form is to be com- mented on. When a Yerb is placed in brackets before a sentence, it is implied that the sentence is to be adapted to stand as the object or subject of that Yerb. The word 'Active' or ' Passive ' in parenthesis after a sentence, implies that the sentence is to be expressed also in the Active oi Passive construction. MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIOIS-S. 59 552. (1) [dixit] puer et puella, qui una natr^ sunt, mortuT* sunt una. (2). panis et aqua sunt homini necessdria. (3) [hortatus est] erode * vitam esse Dei f ipsius donum. (4) om- nmo dsbsmus miam sapienter vwere"^, (5) auxilium ab ipso Pansd rogatus sum. (6) is this constr. necessary for rogo ? ■what verbs have it always ? 553. (1) [dixistr] tu et Pansa una profectr "^ estis AtJiends. (2) [rogavit] nonne precihus nostrrs fortuna respondit"^? (3) honl fidem long5 anteponunt dlvitns^ (4) leonl plurimum rdboris est in pectore. (5) [rogat] num Pansa flsbilis sendiul necne cecidit ? (6) is there any distinction between the use of annon and that of necne? 554. (1) vita datur* omnibus nsul, nulVl mancipio. (2) Aeneae frho nomen erat Ascanio, (3) in causS facilr culvis licet esse diserto. (4) amicus ne jocof quidem laedendus"^ est. (5) [constat] magnos homines mrtuie non pecunia metrmur"^. 555. (1] victoria multo sanguine f plorumque constat. (2) [narratur -^o^tj AristidSs omnibus vrfcae officils functus* est dlhgenter*. (3) hominum vltae multis rebus opus est. (4) [tradunt] Spartae ad Dianae aram puerr aliquando virgls caeduntur*. (5) bosf securl J ictus huml jacet. 556. (1) [rogavit] domme Sctpio an heWi clSrior fuit ? (2) Aeschin5s AtMnls discessit et Rhodum se coniulit*. (3) Maecenas regibus Etruscis oriundus fuit. (4) pSvo luscinid multo formosior est. (5) lusciniam pdvone argutiorem ducimus. 557. (1) Augusta mortud'^, Tiberius imperdtor factus* est, (2) Pausaniaf duce Graecr Persas vTcSrunt* (Passive) (3) Ddrll regna facta sunt Alexandrt. (4) ante meridiem ad Vestae per- vsnerSmus* (Passive). (5) cermintux* interdum nubss t^iet coldris. 60 PEOBATIO LATINA. 558. (1) [oravit] ne agros aesiimdtote tanft quantT virtutem. (2) vestrd amhorum interest sine discordia vwere '^. (3) vestrum qullihet est Lucid sapientior. (4) jprocellae quantb minus* temporis tantb plus * v~irium\ habent. (5) camelr labbris sitis- f que patientissimr sunt. (6) How else may tlie reciprocal pro- portion of (4) be expressed ^ ^xs 9 559. (1) non omnium rerum quds didicimus * reminiscimur. (2) Pausanias imperator Graecorum p7^ddUidnis accusatus est. (3) me stultiiiae non modo piget sed pudet. (4) vae metis, nisi victor parcet* (Passive). (5) rempublicam bene* guherndre difficile est. 560. (1) [traditum est] equd velii^ Belleroplion f invSnit*, Thessalr ah equd pugndre, (2) vir i)rudens nihil temere loqui solet*. (3) non ad discendum"^ solum sed etiam ad docendum propensr sumus. (4) num aqua marma hihendo idonea est ? non est, (5) mens alitur * discendo ac cogitando. 561. (1) multr sine dubio amlcos salutdtum veniunt. (2) prudentia est ars vllae bene dlrigendae. (3) juvem f adipiscen- dum * est, senlf utendum *. (4) medicma contra morbos adhi- benda est. (5) Gallr se Dlie ortds * esse pra^dicant. 562. (1) Suum cuiquef pulcberrimum est. (2) et omnibus credere * nocet et crodere nSminr f . (3) nSmo scit utrum eras victurus * sit, (4) nihil refert quamdiu sed quam bene vixer- imus. (5) Drc t niihi utrum Aetna an Vesuvius sit altior. (6) What other verbs share the peculiarity of die? 563. (1) [negavit] nuntium mlsr qui frlium revocdret. (2) montem ascendimus unde mare prospiceremus"^, (3) pudebit nos vltae quae nihil profuerit. (4) quis f est qm Socratem non admtretur ? (5) putamus eum male * vixisse * qur itiuiilis vixeriL 564. (1) nolimX Pansa veniat. (2) nollemX Pansa venisset. (3) ita vlvendum est, ut sine metu moridmur *. (4) tam bene lociltus est, ut nihil melius* fieri* potuerit. (5) [dixit] cavendum * est ne cut nocedmns. MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 61 565. (1) vereor ut nobrs sit satis pecuniae. (2) homines inhiben non possunt quominus aKquando pecceni. (3) qurs est quln 2i\iqnsirLdiO peccet? (4) nihil dubitabam quln f rater mens mox rediiurus esset (5) quae qnnm ita sini, virtutem sequdmur. 566. (1) [dixit] ego eum lando, qnamvls m5 culxjcweint. (2) [quaesiit] nonne tti m5 vitnperastrj, quasi hominum essem deterrimns*? (3) expectabat Pansa, donee hostBs pj^oflciscei^en- iur*, (4) si ilbi satis/aciam, mihi ipsl saiisfecero. (5) si tlbi satisfacerem, mihi ipsr saiisfacerem. 567. (1) [narratur] Cato qnum Uticam concessissel, se ipse interfecit. (2) ciird nt rededs'^ ante ortum solis. (3) parcere* subjecfis et debellure superbos Romdnl moris erat. (4) tieminem vitae bene actae poenitebit. (5) optima^ quaeque sunt raris- sima. 568. (1) Hannibal Capuam vSnit, quod Campaniae caput est. (2) magna hominum multittido conveniunty armdtl omnSs. (3) vir sapiens ad moriendum ^ semper paratus erit. (4) convma ad multam noctem saepe celebrantur. (5) pueUa ad citharam canendl * perrta fuit. 569. (1) Latmos sermonSs ad verbum reddere nequlmus. (2) cenficiendum est opus ante lUdendum. (3) do drs f et hSroibusf multae sunt apud Homerum fabulae. (4) [praecSpit] inter ludendum caveto"^ nO quid petulantius a te flat^ (5) post hominum memoriam nulla urbs, praeter Eomam, terrarum imperio potita ^ est. 570. (1) [traditum est] Antonius coram populo Eomano lacrimas profCidit*. (2) Aniiocho Asia omnia Tauro tenus a Eomams Orepta^ est (Active). (3) castraf hostium a milHbus passuum tribus posita* sunt. (4) x^essimS^ merOmur d5 its quibus blandimur. (5) muiier, Ms audlfis, prae luctu tacuit. 571. (1) [rogavit] animalia in terrS et in aquS nascentia * quis enumeret? (3) cUrd ut parentibus in dies e5rior/Ias. (3) ante pugnandum, reputa quocum pugnaturus sis. (4) citra laborem nihil magnl fieri potest. (5) [praecopit] ob oculos semper habetO mortem et immortalitatem. 62 PEOBATIO LATIN A. 572. (1) Secundum naturam est Ugl drvmae congruenter vlvei^e *. (2) [narrant] pro patria acerrimO * a militibus pugnd- turn est, (3) [traditum est] Perillus in taurum aSneum conjectus est, in quo alios comb ur ere ^ cogitarat f. (4) [dixit] sub ves- perum redrbo *. (5) voco to ad cenam in Jiortos meos in diem crastinum. ^ . 573. (1) aliud est actio bona, aliud oratio. (2) yrtae philoso- phia dux est, magistra virtatum. (3) [docuit] cid prodestf scelus, isfecisse putatur. (4) amicus noster puer didicit * quod discendum fuit. (5) Cato tribus et octuginta annis ipsis ante m5 consulem mortuus* est. 574. (1) animus et corpus morbis ohnoxia sunt. (2) [mmim est] aliqul ea alios docSre volunt, quae ipsr non didicere ' i^". (3) me miserum ! quid enim spel reliquum est ? (4) Dolabella magisirdius pecuniam x^o^ooscit *. (5) pone ^ ante oculos, Antdnl, populr laetitiam. 575. (1) Pampliilus Apellem docuit artem plngendl'^' (Passive). (2) triste exemplum sed in posterum saltibre f juventiitl eris. (3) non possumus f servire culquam f nee imperare volumus f . (4) Faustulus infantes conjugt suae dedit niliriendos (Passive). (5) legdio Komano res repelenft^ superbs responsum^' est a Latinis (Active). 576. (1) [petiit] ignosce patris dolorl. (2) [rogSvit] num putiis vliam rusticam opp7^ohrid ac crlmini esse ? (3) spectdmdo esse vulgo f neminl ibi dedecorl est. (4) utrum censor nobis opus est an liaruspex ? (5) non illo quisquam melior ^ nee amantior aequl vir fuit. 577. (1) ciljusne hie liber est ? inusne? non, sed/rdtris, (2) re/eria Gallia negotididrum est, plena crvium EomSnorum. (3) [dixit] erramus igndrl hominujnqae locorumque. (4) optimus* qnisque agendl* quam loquendr^ studiOsior est. (5) consilil BUT me oertiorem fecit '^ MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 63 578. (1) sT quid venale habeuj id, quantl aestimo, tantldem nendb. (2) ])arvl sunt /oris arma, nisi est consilium dorm. (3) venit milii in mentem loci iUrus. (4) hie reus capitis absolvitur '^, pecunid multatur. (5) quis Carilidginiensium Ilannihale pluris fuit? 579. (1) [petiit] obliviscere "^ paulisper caedis et incendidrum. (2) miser(3re animl non digna ferentis *. (3) qur nimium cihl sumit ^* male consulit * vaUtudinl, (4) [tradunt] DiogenSs eo abstinentiae processit * ut dolium Jiabitdret. (5) AthSnienses alter alter um rogare solebant^': quid novi? 580. (1) [queruntur] i^lZi^^ friimentl imj)eratum est its quam exaraverant ^^^". (2) quo progress as "^ es insdniae? (3) nus- quam gentium tantl fuit triticum quanft Syrdcusis, (4) Clodil aedes centum millihus HS. venalcs erant. (5) hae statuae magna venter unf^, 581. (1) quum irUicl abundo est, vlll venit. (2) num bedius esse poterit una praeditus virtdie, carens ceteris ? (3) rSx avidior fuit quam patientior. (4) liaec magnijicentius'^^ jactata sunt quam verius, (5) laetamur amlcorum laetitid aeque ac nostra. (6) iUud proprium est universorum quo quisque fruitur et utitur. 582. (1) consilium aperit* ntilius^ quam grdiius. (2) [tradunt] Augustus Nolae obiit*, septuaginta ayinos natus"^". (3) a Chalcide Aulis trium millium spatio distat. (4) Koma annls ante Christum natum septingentrs quinquilginta quattuor condita* est. (5) Doddnae et DelpJils celeberrima * Graecorum oracula fu5re. 583. (1) Alexander, Bahylone mortuus*, Alexandrlae sepul- tus"^ est. (2) [narrant] Alexandrr cadaver Babylbne Alexan- drlam translatum^* est. (3) 2yrl, in celebrrf quondam et copiosa urbe, mercatura floruit. (4) PhoemcSs Gddibus in Hispdnid olim habitabant. (5) rilre rediensf bovemf vldl* Tiuml jacentem. 64 PEOBATIO LATINA. 584. (1) quid deceat vds, non quantum vdbls Uceat, spectare debetis. (2) vidr* eum miserum et me ejus miseritum* est. (3) pudet me mtae quotldianae taedetque jamdiH, (4) quod meet magnl interest, te fortasse non delectat. (5) scls hoc tud magis quam ceterorum inter esse. 585. (1) [constat] Horatiusf post Vergilium mortuus^ est. (2) magnl omnium interest, ut pauperihus suhvenidtur. (3) corporis totlusf rsfert ut quodque membrum sanum sit. (4) omTsr ea quae 7iostrd neutrlus f interesse vrdr. (5) qui nucleum esse % vult f , frangere * nucem solet. 586. (1) stultum est vendtum^ ducere invrtos canSs. (2) [rogavit] cur te perditum Ts * luxuria et ignaviii ? (3) Platonis amplitudo non dsterruit a scribendo Aristotelem (Passive). (4) Agesilaus in Asiam helldtum a LacedaemoniTs missus est (Active). (5) Pythagorae discipuUs quinque annos iacendum erat. 587. (1) [dixSrunt] tertius exercitus ad tuendos f rn5s colligi- tur*. (2) remitte mihi epistolam quam tibi dedr legendam, (3) Plato uno et octogGsimo anno scrlbens * mortuus * est. (4) Persae raortuos cerd circumlitds^ condunt* (Passive). (5) banc rem compertam *, explordlam, cognitam -^ habeo. 588. [narratur] rSx Medorum rtherds Harpago epulandds apposuit (Passive). (2) quern tibi hominem invltrs dils auxilib futurum putas ? (3) Hannibalem sul civSs e cmtate GjScOrunt*^ (Passive). (4) ThemistoclSs navarcbo multa poUicitus est, sr se conservdsset J. (5) mS ipsum f plUris aestimo ex quo tu m5 amare coepisll. 589. (1) mors Caesarem multa ageniem et molientem * occu- pavit. (2) orat m5 Caesar ut ad se veniam *. (3) suus cuiqice mos est. (4) uirlusquef nostimm pltirimum interest ut te conveniam. (5) gaudeo * id te mihi suSd^re *, quod ego mea sponie % f eceram. MISCELLAKEOUS QUESTIONS. 65 590. (1) miserrimus * esfc cwl, quod edat"^', nihil est. (2) virtus et doctrma praeclarae sunt : Tianc omnSs cupiunt *, illam saepe contemnunt ^'. (3) tuum est in bonis nihil nisi yirtutem ponere *. (4) Lucius non is fuit, qui se temere sineret^ injuria afficr. (5) quam quisque norit % artem, in liac se exerceat. 591. (1) [edrco] arma capessite*: bellum drra cum gente gerendum est. (2) quo major* gloria, eo propior'^' invidiae est. (3) lit quisque est vir optimus *, ita difiicillime "^ alios improbos esse suspicatur. (4) quanta superiores * sumus, tanto nos sub- missius * gerdmus. (5) idem^ faciemus quod ceterr. 592. (1) sunt qui nolint a qudquam se superarL (2) non continuo scrrbam* nisi novl quid acciderU. (3) Britanniam olim non facile* quisquam adlbat* nic>i mercatores. (4) nee irs ipsrs quicquam praeter orani maritimam notum* erat. (5) aliae sunt l^giiti pm^tes atque imperatoris. 593. (1) alius alio casu periit %, (2) alils animus, alils occSsio defuit*. (i\) singu Ids iinlusdlj usque f domOsf dcslere * conati * sunt. (4) t^^'annus neque amat quenquam neque ipse a qilo- quam amatur. (5) puerorimi alter f rend, alter calcdrl"^ eget. 594. (1) frat\-es alter alterum occiderunt (Passive). (2) uter- cunque vincet^, alter el suceensSbit. (3) quid s^5^ ^.9^t miser! volunt*? (4) niim facta hominum Beum fugiunt ? ne cogitata quidem. (5) qaaeritur ex duobusf uter sit dignior, ex pluribusf quis dignissimus. 595. (1) Philomela, PandTonis frliaf, soror fuit Procnesf. •(2) Diana Wiob^n^ ^\im\ii,fllidbus\ ejus occlsls^; Apollo frliosf interfCcit. (3) Sexdgena millia drachmumX ^'^^ d^numj^*^^ talentumj summam efficiunt. (4) O Anchisef, tu pater Aeneaef fuistr. (5) Thehls tu fuisfci, o Trresiaf, vatumf celeberrime *. 596. (1) dir f cum deabus f ad nuptias Psler f et Thetidos f vSnSrunt. (2j tu, Mercurrf bov5st Apollinis abstulisse* narraris. (3) Troja Tenedonf insulam in conspectu habuit. (4) peregrma mulier Ilion f in pulverem f vertit *. (5) vulgus f ipso pelago f levius piito, quod tot vices f habet. 66 PllOBATIO LATINA. 597. (1) senumf juYenumf que funera miscentur*. (2) [narratur] Germania vrribusf populr Eomrim restitit*. (3) aetas parentum, pSjor^ avis, tulit nos nequiores*. (4) in itinere f magna vis nivium f congesta * est. (5) in conclavi- bus f illarum aedium f multum est bonae supelleciilis ^". 598. (1) mihi doml f in Tiorfts satis est laurorum f. (2) aliqni- bus serpentibus vrrus f est : aliqnae mro carent. (3) mare ultra Paronf aut Athonf navigavimus. (4) febrr J, sitr, tussrf, labora- mus. (5) Aprrlr % mense iter f imbrl t corrumpitur ^. 599. (1) largior aetlierf campos Elysios vestit. (2) cldvli nobis opus est qua turrim J aperidmus *. (3) vrs f jurisjurandr f non valuit ad remiaublicam f servandain. (4) AchiUi y nomen Pelldaef fuit a patre Peleof. (5) tu m5 in Pallliaf vocastrj, ego t6 in Saturnalia f revoco. 600. (1) nolrtof praecepsf esse in r5 ancipitrf. (2) in j)o5matrs t et in pictims imperitr laudant ea quae laitdanda non sunt. (3) Sappho f, poetria nobilissima, Leshl yixit. (4) pransus ambulavT, caendtus obdormivr ■^. (5) ego jUrdto tibi fTsus * sum: tti pejerare ausus * es. (6) What other verbs are conjugated like the last ? 601. (1) accusavi h.omixxeTQ.furil : ille expalluit* (2) aerugo vasaf ex5st J ut herbas robrgo. (3) omn^s fame mortm* sunt, quum non esset quod essentX- (4) quidquid bene eoeperisj bene conficere memento J. (5) urbl moenibus hand opus est, inquit f Lycurgus, quae non lateribus f sed virls cingitur. 602. (1) Sihitef domum, puerT : ipse praerbOJ. (2) ineuntisj aetatis imprudentia seniorum*^ prudentiS corrigenda * est. (3) Aeneas t in puppif stat jam certus eundl. (4) Milo caedis condemnatus Massiliam exsuldium concessit. (5) mihi non modo irasci ^ sed ne dolere quidem impune licet. 603. (1) [scimus] Eomam bella quaedamforiius qnam-felleius * gessere*. (2) [memento] sOrius* aut citius* mors sua quern- que manet*. (3) Jugurtha continuo quantds maximds potest^ cdpids arm at. (4) sis sanO disertus : nunquam eloquentem t5 dixerim. (5) hoc tu unquam, FannT ^, faceres ? MISCELLANEOUS aleai opoiHd, possessor, sr suls rebus bene^'' utl* cogitat (4) pergratum milii est qttod til mel reminisceris, (5| Hannibal juravit J^ore vJt cum Komams ad internecionem pugnoreL 607. (1) O pner, ut sis vFtalis metuo. (2) ul ego tibi con- fldam ^7 tu vi rem impedrtam expedids ! (3) tantum querendo * non efficiss id tibi satl^flcU^, (4) [dCerevit senatus] c/^wl operam consules ne quid detrtmenfi r5spufoli<2at ca^yiat (5| [rogo t-e €t liortor] qunm prtmum ad mG venl ^\ 608. (1) qui ut mentifitur indue! potest, el facile persuadsbi- tur ut pSjeret. (2) hoc animO semper fui ut invidiam virtute partam* gloriam putdre^n'^, (3) Oato sic abiitj 6 vita ut can- sam moriendl ^ nactum * sS esse gaudvret *. (4) urbs munlUor erat quam ut primo impetu capt posset, (5) quotusquisque est qui voluptatem contemnat^'^ 609. (1) digna est res qitam diu * multumque considered. (2) ne e^o quidem indigiius sum, eiil copiam scientiae tiiOiefctcids. (3) niliil tarn difficile est quln quaerendG* investlgarr ^t?ssir, (4) aetas non impedit qudmimis agrl colendl studium leiiedmut^ (5) dies ferO nuUus est qiim Satrius ixd. m5 (ixmial. 68 PEOBATIO LATIN A. 610. (1) ager aratur quo meliDres fetus edere possU. (2) B5ino unquam tarn potens fuit lit nuUius auxllid egeret, (3) tantum ahest ui aegroiem ^ ^ ^ * ut nunquam/weri'm ^ ^ ^ * valentior. (4) quae quum ita sint, causa nulla est cur diutius manedmu.% (5) quis est quln videat quanta vis f sit in sensibus ? 611. (1) fuit quoddam^ tempus quum liomines bestiarum modo vagdhantur ^^^*. (2) Pyrrhus, quum Argos oppugndret, lapide ictus* interiit*. (3) Messdnam ut quisque nostrum rewerazJ ^^^^, liaec vTsere solehaf^, (4) Caesar pervenit prius- quam PompGiusf sentrre* posset ^^^\ (5) Expectate dum consul aut dictator /la^ '^' Kaeso. 612. (1) quum GygSs palam annulr ad palmam converierat ^ ^ ^ ^j, ^nidld\ videbdiur. (2) quum Antiochus Aegypto discessissei\ 12 33 iggatr Eomam Cuprum naviganintj. (3) fuit tempus quum homines agros colerent ^^'^* neque urbts habereni, (4) Milo paulisper commordtus est, dum uxor s(3 comparat ^ ^ -^ ", (5) non requiescebant *"' consults donee omne Ijatium suhegissent *. 613. (1) memoria minuitur nisi eam €xe7-ceds ^^^^. (2) r^spubHca poterat ^^^^ esse perpetua, si j)atrirs vlverei^ir in- stiiuils, (3) sT vSrum respondSre* velles, haeo erani ^^^* dT- cenda. (4) homo quod crebro videt non mlrdfur, etiamsT cur flat nescit. (5) eloqu&iiiiae studendum est, etsr ed quidam f perverse abiliimtur, 614. (1) non magnus pumilio est, licet in monte consiiierit, (2) mihi ausculta : vide ne tibi desis, (3) plures cecidisseni * nisi nox proelium diremissei^'\ (4) etsi gloria nihil in s5 Jiabeat ^ ^ ^ ^ quod optandum sit ^^'''^ tamen virtutem tanquam umbra sequiiiir. (5) sTc vrve * cum hominibus quasi Deus videat. 615. (1) nesdo quis teneros oculus miMfascinat agnos. (2) jam fames quam pestilentia tristior erat ^^'^^, m, dlmissTs circa omnes populos legatrs ad frumentum mercandum, armonae subvenium foret, (3) in tanta paupertate decessit, ut qul^^ ^erretur vix reliquerit. (4) plebes indignatione exarsit *, quod auspicSrl negdretiir posse* (5) idemf ter socids purtl circiua- tulit undd, ' MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIOjS'S. 69 616. (1) ZSnonem cum AtliSnrs esse?n audisbam frequenter. (2) r5s, cum haec scrlhebam, erai in summum adducta dis- crlmen. (3) multaque dura suo tristr cum corde putdhant, nT signum caelo CytherSa dedlsset ab alto. (4) audrstis ntiper dlcei^e legates Tyiidaritanos, Mercurium, qm sacrrs anniversar- irs apud eos coleretur, Yerris imperio esse sublatum*. (5) bene majores accubitionem epularem amrcorum, quia vltae conjunc- tionem Jiaherety conviyium nominavSrunt. (4) Comment esiDecially upon eos: "what sliould we expect instead of it, and why ? 617. (1) pugiles in jactandls caestibus ingemiscunt, non qnod doleani animove succumhant, sed quia profundenda voce omne corpus inienditur, venUqne phTga vehementior. (2) quaeris quid hrc agam? ita vlvam ut maximos sumptus /ac^o. (3) [dixit] sr colloquendr cnm Pompeio potestas/ada €7% acquis eonditionibus ab armls discedetur. (4) ut sit magna, tamen certe lenta ira deorum est. (5) aut ocuHs capil fodere* cnbllia talpae. 618. (1) Eomanl, quia consults ad id locorum prosper^ rem gererent ^^^^ minus hrs cladibus commovCbantur. (2) Fabio dicta di5s est, quod Isgatus contra Oallos pugndssel. (3) Socrates exsecrarl enm solebat, qm primus utilitatem a jure sejunxisset. (4) aedem deo Joyr vovit*, sr eo die hosiidsfudisset^ (5) sapiens non dubitat, si ita melius sit, migrdre ds vita. 619. (1) Darius ejus pontis, dum ipse adesset, custodes relr- quit. (3) AfriciXnum Panaetius laudilbat, qaodfueiHi abstinens. (4) ranae ad Jovem mrs5re alium rSgem rogantes, quoniam inutilis essei is, qui dfxtus fue7^at, (5) Caesar Helv5tios in fines suos unde profecti erant revertr jussit. 620. (1) frtimentum omne comburunt *, ut domitm reditiSnia spe suhldtd paratiorCs ad omnia perlcula subeunda essent, (2) congruenter ndtHrae vrvendum est. (3) justitia est obtempera- ti5 legihus et institutls. (4) quid liU hano curiitio est rem? (5) quid tibi hue receptio ad te est meum virmn? 70 PROBATIO LATIKA. 621. (1) [Solon drcebat'l nSrno, dum vTvit, beatus liabSrI potest, quod omnSs ad ultimum usque diem ancipitrf fortunae obnoxir sunt. (2) [Tullia dixit] si mihi eum, quo digna sum, dir dedissent virum, domr ego regnum yrdissem, quod a]3ud patrem video. (3) [Platom placet] divmius est, quod ipsum ex s5 sua sponte movetur, quam quod xduIsli movetur aliSno. (4) [ECgulus dixit] quamditi jurejurando liostium teneor, non sum senator. (5) [AristotelCs ait] apud Hypanim flumen bestiolae quaedam nascuntur, quae unum diem vivunt. 622. (1) [Ariovistus respondit] si quid milii a Caesare ox)us esset, ad eum vSnissem ; sT quid ille mS vult, ilium ad m5 venire oportet. (2) [SuS^ edixerunt] omnSs, quT arma ferre possunt, in unum locum conveniant. (3) [rSx imperavit] quae bello opus sunt, parantor. (4) [Crassus conflsus est] sr con- juratio valuerit, facile apud illos princeps ego ero. (5) Antio- cbus obsides Bomanis vrgintr dato, nS minorSs octoniimX denum annorum neu majorSs qidnum quadrdge7ium. (6) Z5no perpessus* est omnia potius quam conscios delendae* tyran- nidis indicdret. (7) quis non inteUigit CanacliT signa rigidiora esse quam ut imileniur veritatem ? 623. (1) rex praemium proposuit, sT quis liostem occldlsset. (2) sen5s omnia quae curant meminerunt; qui sibi, cur ipsl deheant. (3) conc5do tibi ut ea pi^aetereds, quae, qaum iaces ^^"^S nihil esse concodis. (4) non tam facile opes CarthS- ginis concidissent, nisi illud receptaculum classibus nostrrs paieret ^^^^, (5) Caesar drcere solebat* non tam sua quam reipublicae interesse ut salvus esset. 624. ubi, vlneTs actrs aggere exstructo, turrim J procul con- stitm vidSrunt* prTmum inrldere'^ ex muro at que increpitdre vocibus, quod tanta mticliinatio ah tarda spaiio insiitueretur : quibusnam manibus aut quibus vTribusf praesertim liominOs tantidae statilrae — na.m plsrumque hominibus Gallls prae magni- tudine corportim euorum brevitas nostra contemptul est — tantl onerisf turrim in muro s5s5 conloctire conflderent'*'? Caes. B. G. ii. 30. MISCELLAIS^EOUS QUESTIONS. 71 625. DrvitiacTis Haeduus respondit*: ^oc esse miseriorem * et grsLYioTem. fortHnam SSquanorum quam reliquorum, quod soli ne in occulto quidem querl"^ neque auxilmm implorare auderentr^ absentisque Ajiovisfcr crudelUdtem, velut sr coram adessel, liorrSrent, propterea quod reliqms tamen fugae facultas daretur, Sequanls v5ro, qui intra fTnGs suos Ariovistum recepis- sent, quorum oppida omnia in potestate ejus essenC, omnSs cruciatus essent perferendr. Caes. B. G. i. 32. Turn this passage into ordtid recta, 628. Ambiorix copias suas judicidne non conduxerii, quod praelio dlmicandum non existimdritXf an tempore excliisus* et repentmo equitum adventu prohibitus, cum reliquum exercitum subsequl crederet^,d.ubiwoa. est ; sed certo drmlssis per agros nuntirs sibi quemque consulere* jussit. Caes. B. G. vi. 31. 627. Horum liaec est condicio, ut omnibus in vrta commodls una cum lis fruantur ^ quorum s5 amTcitiae dediderint "^j si quid hXs per vim f accidat, aut eundem casum una f erant aut sibi mortem consciscant ^; neque adhtic hominum memoria reper- tu8 ^ est quisquam, qui eo interf ecto cujus se amTcitiae devovis- sef^y morr recusdrei, Caes. B. G. iii. 22. 628. Tantum apud liominSs barbaros valuit esse aliquos repertos* principes infer endl belli tantamque omnibus volunta- tumcommutationem attulit*, ut praeter Haeduoset E5m5s, qu5s praecipuo semper bonore Caesar babuit, alter os pro vetere ac perpetua erga populum BOmanum fide, alieros pro recentibus Gallic! belli oj6S.cirs, nuUa ferO cTvitas/werzY non suspecta nobrs. Idque adeo Tiaud scio mlrayidumne sit cum compluribus alirs d5 causrs, tu77i maxime, quod ei J qm virtu te bellr omnibus genti- bus praeferebaDtur, tantum se ejus oplnidnis deperdidisse ut a popul5 Bomano imperia perferrentj, gravissimS dolebant, Caes. B. G. v. 54. 72 PROBATIO LATINA. In the following metrical passages give and explain the name of the metre, mark the divisions of the feet, and state the rules of Prosody applicable to spaced words. 629. Instant ardentes Tyrii; pars due ere muros MoUrique "^ arcem et manibus subvolvere saxa, . Pars o p t a r e locum tecto et concludere ^" sulco ; Jura magistratusque legunt* sanctumque senatum ; Hie p o r t u s alii effodiunt ^ ; hie alta theatri Pundamenta locant ahi, immanesque columnas Bupibus exeidunt*, scenis decora alta futuris. ViBG. Aen. i. 423. 630. Una dies Pabios adbellum miser at omnes : Ad bellum missos perdidit una dies. Ut tamen Herculeae superesseni* semina gentis Credibile est i]3sos considuisse deos f . Nam puer impubes f et adhue non utilis armzs. Unus de P a b i a genie relictus erat : Scilicet ut posses ohm t u, Maxime, nasci *, Cui res cunciando restituenda/ore^. Ovid. Past. ii. 235. What restrictions are observed in the composition of the second line of this stanza ? 631. — ^E n dextra fidesque, Quem secum patrios aiunt fportare Penates f , Quem subiisse { Tiumeris conf ectum a e t a t e parentem ! Non p o t u i abreptum * divellere * corpus et undis Spargere * ? non socios, n o n ipsum absumere ferro Ascanium, patriisque epulandum ponere ^ mensis? Verum ancepsf pugnae/^^era^ for tuna. — Fuisset : Quem mefcui moritura* ? Paces in castra iulissem *, Implessemjque f oros flammis, natumque patremque Cum g e n e r e exstinxem % memei super ipsa dedissem. YiEG. Aen. iv. 597. MISCELLANEOUS QTJESTIOI^S. 73 632. Heu ! nihil invitis fa s quemquam f fidere* divis / Ecce trahebatur passis* Priameia virgo , Crinibus a t e mp lo Cassandra adytisque Minervae, Ad caelum tendens ^ ardentia lumina frnstra, Lmnina, nam teneras arcebant vincula palmas. Non t u 1 i t hanc speciem f u r i a t a mente Ooroebus, Et sese medium injecit periturus in agmen : Consequimur euncti et densis incurrimus armis. Hie primum ex alto delubri cnlmine telis Nostromm obruimur, oriturjque miserrima * eaedes Armorum/acze et Graiarum eixoie jubarum. ViEG. Aen. ii. 402. 683. Nee minus * inter ea Misenum in 1 i t o r e Teucri Elebant *, et cineri f ingrato s u p r e m a f erebant. Principio ping-uem taedis etroboref secto * Ingentem struxere* pyram, cui f rondibus atris Intexunt ^ latera, et f erales ante cupressos f Constituunt, decorantque super fulgentibus armis. Pars calidos latices et ahena undantia^amms Expediunt, corpusque lavant* frigentis et unguunt *. Eitf gemitus ; tum membra toro defleta reponunt, Purpureasque super vestes, velamina nota, Conjiciunt. Pars ingenti svhierefereiro — Triste ministerium — , et subjectam more parentum Aversi tenuere facem. Congesta* cremantur Turea dona, dapes, f uso crateresf olivo. Vnia. Aen. vi. 212. 634. Integer vitae scelerisque pnrus Non eget Mauris ^acwZ/s, neque arcuf, Nee yenenatis gravida sagitiis, Eusce, pbaretra : Sive per Syrtes iter f aestuosas Sive/adwrtis per inhospitalem Caucasum, vel quae loea f f abulosus Lambit Hydaspes. Hoe. Oar. i. 22. 74 PEOBATIO LATINA. 635. Quis non Latino sangutjief pinguior Campus sepulcj'is impia proelia Testatur, audi turn que Medis Hesperiae sonitum ruinae ? Qui gurges aut quae flumina lugubris Ignara belli ? qitod mare Dauniae Non decolorayere caedes? Quae caret ora craore nostro ? Hoit. Car. ii. 1. 636. Dixi ego Idem in senatti, caedem te oi)timatium ccki- lulisse in ante diem V. Kalendds Novemhres, turn, quum multr principSs cmtatis Roma non tam sul conservand'i quam tuorum consiliot^in o^eprimendorum causa prof tigSrunt. Num infitiarl potes te illo ipso die meis praesidiis, mea drligentia circum- clusum, commov5re te contra rem publicam non poiuisse, quum tu, disoessH cOterorum, nostra tamen, qui remansi^semus'^ caede contentum to esse dlcebds ? Cic. Cat. i. 3. 637. Statuistr quo quemque proficiscT* placeret: dsl^gisti* quos Homae relinqueres, quos tecum educerSs : confirmastr to ipsum jam esse exiturum: dixistr paullulum tihi esse etiam nunc morae, quod ego vlverem"^, Keperti* sunt duof equit^s Eomani qm te istd cura Uherdrent et s5sS ilia ipsa node paullo ante Mcem mS in meo lectulo interfectHros esse poUicSrentur. Haec ego omnia, vixdum etiam caetti vestro drmisso, comperr*: exclusr eos, quos tu mane ad m5 saluidtum mTseras. Cic. Cat. i. L 638. Tum ostendr "^ tabellas Lentulo et quaesrvT "^ cognosceret ne signum. Annuit. * * Est v5r 5, ' ' inquam f? * * ^ otum signum, imago avr tm, clarissimivirr, qm amavit unicS patriam et cTves suos: quae quidem ts a tan to scelerejetiam wiZto revocdre debuit " Cic. Cat. iii. 5. 639. Lentulus, quam quam patef actus* indicirs et confess- ionibtis sms judiciS senatus non modo praetoris jus vSrum etiam clvis dmlserat, tamen magistrdiv. sS abdicfivit : ut, quae MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIOXS. 75 religio C. Mario, claiissimo viro, non fuerat, quominus C, Glauciam, de quo niliil nominatim erat decrStnm, praetorem occlderei^, ea nos religione in prlvato P. Lentulo puniendQ llherdremui\ QiG. Gat. iii 6, 640. Quo etiam majoref sunt istr odlo supplicioque dignl, qui non solum vestns domicilils atque tectrs sed etiam deorum'f templrs atque dclubrrs f sunt f fines tos ac nefarios ignGs inferre ^ conatr. Qaibus ego sT me restitisse dlcam, nimium mihi silmam^' et non sim ferend*us: ille, ille Jupiter f restitit'^. Cio. Cat, iii. 9, 641. Equit(5s liostium essedarilque Scriter* proelio cum equitatu nostro in itinere confiixSrunt *, tamen ut nostn omni- bus partibue superiorSs /werz/i^, atque eos in silvas coUesqae compulerint*: sed compluribus interfectrs, cupidius insecutr, nonnullos ex surs amTserunt. At illr, intermisso spatio, im- prudentibus nostrrs atque occupatis in mtlmtione castrorum, subito se ex silvis ejCcerunt, impe tuque in eos facto qm erant in statione pro castiTs collocatr, acriter pugnaverunt : duabus- que missis suhsidio cobortibus a Caesare, atque his pnmTs legionum duaru'm *, cum bae, perexiguo intermisso locr spatio inter s5, constitissent '^, novo genere pugnae perterritrs nostrrs, " per medios audacissimS '^ perruj)Grunt *, seque inde incolumCs rec5p5runt. Caes. B. G. v. 15. 642. Quibus ego confTdo * impeiidere fdtum dliquod et poenam jamdiii improbitatr, nequitiae, scelerT, libidim dsbitam aut instare jam plans aut certS appropinquare. Quos si mens con- Bulatus, quoniam sanfire non potest, sustulerit^, non breve nescio quod tempus sed multa saecula propagarit rel puUicae, Nulla est enim natio, quam periimescdmus ; nuUus rex qur helhim populo Eomano facere possit. Cic. Cat. ii. 5. 643. OccTso Sex. Boscio primus Ameriam nuntiat Mallius Glaucia qurdam, liomo tenuis, Irbertmus, cliens et familiSris isfnis T. Eoscir ; et nuntiat damnum non fllir sed T. Capitonis inimlcT ; et, quum loost lioram primam noctis occlsus esset. 76 PROBATIO LATINA. / prrmo dllucido Ameriam vCnit. Decern hdrls nocfcumrs sex efc quinquaginta millia passuum cisils pervolavit, non modo ufc exoptatum inimrco nuntium iDnniiis afferret"^, sed etiani cruorem inimrd qiiam recentissimum teluinque paullo ante 5 corpore extractum "^ ostenderet. Quatrlduo quo liaec gesta sunt res ad CJirysogonum in casira L. SuUae Volaterrds defertur f . Cic. Eosc. Am. vii. 644. Sr id quod praeclarS a sapientibus dlcitur, vultu saepe laeditur "^ pietas, quod suppKcium satis acre reperietur ^' in eum qui mortem ohtulerit parentr pro quo mori* ipsum, sr rSs postuldret, jura drvina atque liumana cogehant^? Cic. Rose. Am. xiii. 645. Convlvia cum patre non inibat*; quippe qui nS in oppidum quidem nisi perraro veniret. JDomum suam istum non ferS quisquam vocabat; nee niTrum, qm neque in Urbe vlverei * neque revocdtHrus esset, Cic. Eosc. Am. xviii. 646. Hi vos, quoniam liberS * loqul non licet, tacits rogant, ut se quoque, sTcut cSterarum provinciarum socios, dignos exisii" metis quorum salutem talr viro commendetis. Cio. Imp. Cn. Pomp. V. 647. Habstis ducem memoremf vestrly oblTtum^ sul, quae n5n semper facultas datur ; babetis onmSs ordinOs, omn5s homines, universum iDopulum Eomanum, id quod in crvTlr causa bodiernS die prTmum vidimus, unum atque idemf sentientem *. Cogitate, quantis laborihus fundatum imperium, quanta virtute stabilrtam Irbertatem, quanta deorum f benigni- tate auctils^ exaggeratasque fortunas una nox paene delerif^. Id no unquam postbac non modo conficl"^' sed n5 cogitarr quidem possit a crvibus, bodierno dis providendum est. Cic. Cat. iv. 9. 648. Translate : — quo proebo bellum Venetorum totuisque orae maritimae conf ectum est. Nam cum omnis juventus, omnSs etiam grayioris aetatis, in quibus aliquid dignitatis fuit, e5 conv^nerant : turn nilvium quod ubique fuerat unum in locum MISCELLANEOUS QUE.STIOXS. 77 coCgerant : quibns tlmissrs reliqui neque quo s5 reciperent neque quemadmodum oppida dsfenderent, liabebant. Itaqne s5 suaque omnia Caesan dedidSrunt : in quos eo gravius Caesar vindicandum statuit, quo drligentiiis in reliquum tempus a barbans jus Iggatorum conservarGtur. (1) Give the nom. sing., the declension, case, v/ith the rule, of proelio, aeicitis, consilii, ndvium, Gaesarl, iempus. (2) What is the subject of eoegerant and what does it govern ? (3) Vindi- candum is what part of speech and what is its construction here ? (4) Compare d'digentius. From what is it derived ? (5) confectum, eoegerant, reciperent, dediderunt, are compounded of what ? 649. Translate : — operae pretium est, patres conscriptr, Irbertmorum hominum studia cognoscere ; qm, virtute sua fortunam cTvitatis consecutr, hanc vere suam patriam esse judicant: quam quldam hrc nati, et sammo natr loco, non patriam suam sed urbem hostium esse judicaverunt, sed qnid ego* hujusce ordinis homines commemorem, quos prrvatae fortunae, quos communis respublica, quOs dsnique liber tas ea quae dulcissima est, ad salutem patriae dGfendendam excita- vit? (1) Conjugate cog:ioscere, conseciltl, judicant, ndtl, excildvit, and give the mood, tense, and voice of each ? (2) What does knju^ce ordinis refer to, and of what is hujusce composed ? (3) Compare summo, and malus. (4) What is the genitive of respublica ? (5) What is the subject of esse loeioTe jiidicdveo^mii and what is the cometruction called ? 650. Translate : — MithridatSs antem et suam manum jam confirmarat, et eorum qur sS ex sjus regnO collsgerant, et magnTs adventitils multorum rSgum et niitionnm copirs juvaba- tur. hoc jam fer5 sic fieri solSre accSpimus, nt rSgiim afflictae fortunae multorum opes alliciant ad misericordiam, maximsque eorum, qui aut r5gSs sunt, aut vivunt in regno ; quod rOgfde lis ndmen magnum et sanctum esse videatnr. (1) Conjugate juvdhdtur, fieri, cdUciant, vivtinf, solere, and 78 PEOBATIO LATIIS-A. the list of verbs conjugated like soUre, (2) From wliat is con^ firmdrat contracted ? (3) alliciant is in what mood and why ? [(4) How is the mood of videdtur to be explained ?] 651. Tr9;nslate: — quae postquam vates sic ore effatus amico est, dona dehinc auro gravia sectoque elephanto, imperat ad naves ferri, stipatque carinis ingens argentum Dodonaeosque lebetas, loricam consertam hamis auroque trilicem, et conum insignis galeae cristasque comantes, arma Neoptolemi. sunt et sua dona parenti. addit equos additque duces ; remigium supplet ; socios simul instruit armis. (1) Mark off the first five lines into feet, and place the mark of quantity over each syllable. (2) The regular lines are of what metre, and the line beginning with addit is of what ? (3) "What is unusual in the metre of the second line ? (4) Give the rule for the quantity of the increment of verbs. 652. Translate:— Cerberus haec ingens latratu regna trifauci personat, adverso recubans immanis in antro : cui vates, horrere videns jam colla colubris, melle soporatam et medicatis frugibus offam objicit. iile fame rabida tria guttura pandens corripit objectam, atque immania terga resolvit fusus humi, to toque ingens extendi tur antro. occupat Aeneas aditum, custode sepiflto, evaditque celer ripam irremeabilis undae. (1) What is the rule for the quantity of the increments of nouns ? (2) Mark the quantity of the loenult of the following words : fio, rei, jubaris, teneiis, mercediSj nivls, hovis, daham, duds. (3) Give the rule for the quantity of each syllable in the first two lines of the above passage. (4) Write the parts named of the following verbs : eo, 3 Fl. plpf. Ind. act; facio, pres. Infin. pass. ; soleo, 2 Sing, perf . Ind. ; ssquor, 3 Sing. imperf. Ind.; restirgo, 1 PI perf. Subj. act. MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 79 653. Translate into Latin the foUoAying : — Tlie Gauls were conquered by Caesar. He denies that he has sinned. Solon pretended to be mad. Praise what deserves praise. There are some who laugh. I will exhort the boy to learn. Who doubts that the world was made by design ? Ought we not to have obeyed the laws of our country ? [648-653 consist of a recent College Examination paper for Entrance.] 654. A certain learned man . is said to have come to Themistocles and to have promised to impart'' to him the art of memory, w^hich was then brought out for the first time. When he asked what that art could effect, [it is said] that that teacher [replied] that [one] should remember everything ; and that Themistocles replied to him, that lie would oUige him more^ if [he taught] him to forget what he wished, than if h® taught him to remember. Cic. Or. ii. 74. * iradere. ^gratius sihi ilium esse facturum. . 655. M. Attilius Kegulus, after being taken in Africa by an ambush, was sent to the senate under oath * that, unless certain noble prisoners were restored to^the Carthaginians, he would himself return to Carthage. After coming to Eome, he ex- plained his instmctions in the Senate, but refused to record his vote^, [saying] that, as long as he was bound by the oath of the enemy, he was not a Senator. Moreover he said it was not expedient" that the captives should be restored : for [he said] that they w^ere in the prime of life^ and good leaders, while he was now worn out mth age. When his influence had prevailed, the captives were retained and-he-himself returned to Carthage. And yet he well li-new at, the time'' that he was going to a most cruel enemy and to torfcures of refined cruelty,^ but he con- sidered that an oath must be kept. Cic. Off. iii. 26. * juraf'ds. ^ sententiam ne dlceret recusavit " negavit esse utile. ^ adolescens. • Tieque vero turn ignoy^ahat ' exquisitus. 656. Manius Curius, after having triumphed over the Samnites, the Sabines, and Pyrrhus, spent the last period of 80 PROBATIO LATi:^rA. his age in a rural life. WJien-I-looTc-upon^ his^ villa (for it is not a great way from me), I cannot enough admire either the temperance of the man himself or the habit "^ of his times. When the Samnites had brought to Curius as-lie-saV at the fire a great weight of gold, they were rejected ; for he said it did not seem to him a fine thing to have gold, but to rule over those who had it. Could such a spirit /azZ to produce'' a happy old-age ? Cic. Sen. xvi. ^ contemjplans. ^rel. pron. « participle. ^ dlscijjlina. ^ own efficere. 657. Themistocles after his victory in that war which was (waged) with the Persians, said in the assembly that he had a plan advantageous'' to the republic, but that it icas not beneficial^ that it should be known; he demanded that the jpeople should assign '^ some one to wliom ^ he might communicate-it. They assigned Aristides [Passive). To him he (said) that the fleet of the Lacedaemonians which had been drawn up near Gytheum, could be set on fire secretly ; and that if this wei-e done^ it was inevitable'' that the power of the Lacedaemonians should be crushed. When Aristides had heard this ^ he came into the assembly, in-the-midst-of-great expectation and said, that the plan which Themistocles prox)osed was exceedingly- useful, but by no means honourable. And so the Athenians judged that what was not honourable could not even be useful, and by the advice of Ai^istides ^ rejected that whole matter which they had not even heard. Cic. Off. iii. 11. ^ salutaris. "^ opus esse. "dare. ^ quo facto. ^ necesse. *' rel. pron. « abl. absol. ^ quicam. 658. If only we have made some advanced in philosophy, we ought to be sufficiently convinced that, even-if we are able to hide (the matter) from all gods and men, still we ought to do noth- ing in-a-covetous-way, nothing unjustly, nothing wantonly, nothing without-self -control. Accordingly that (story pf) Gyges is introduced by Plato ; for-he, when the earth had parted^ by-reason-of-certain mighty rains, went down into that MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIOISTS. 81 opening" and observed, as the stories say, a brazen liorse, in the sides of which were doors ; on opening which'^ he saw the body of a dead man, of nnusual size, and a golden ring on the finger ; and when he had taken this off, he put it on himself (now he was the king's shepherd) and-then betook himself into the company of the shepherds. 659. There as-o/ten-as^ he turned the bezeP of the ring towards the palm (of his hand) he was seen by no one, while ^ '^^ he himself saw all things: he was visible as be/ore", when he ^ ,^^ turned the ring into its (proper) position. Therefore availing .^--f' himself of this convenient-power ^ of the ring, he slew the king "^ his master, and removed (all) whom he thought to-be-in-his- way ; nor in these actions could any one see him. So suddenly by the favour of the ring he became " King of Lydia. If a wise-man, then, were to possess this very ring, he would think that he was none the more allowed to sin, than (he would be) if he had it not ; for to good men honest-things are-mai> ters-of-quest^, not secret-things. ^ aliquid jproficere. ^discedere. " Jdaius. ^ quilus ai^ertis. » qunm with indie. ^ ^ 3 « ^ jpala. » idem rurs^is videhatur, ^ oj)portunitM •ex(>riri. ^ qiMeri. INDEX TO THE MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS — 118-551, Ablative case, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299, 305, 308, 315, 320, 321, 322, 326, 327, 328, 335, 337, 338, 340, 397, 429, 462, 469. Form of 173, 311. Absolute constr. 397, 406, 408, 409. Accusative case, 164, 170, 175, 176, 184, 185, 190, 276, 277. Forms of 173, 311. Adverbs, 143, 245, 284. Adjectives as nouns, 136. Agreement, 119, 121, 127, 133, 148. Allies, alter, 487. An, use of, 430. Answers, yes, no, 482. Apposition, 119, 144, 283, 462. As, 615. Assertions, 414, 415. Attraction, 151. Case -construction mixed, 145, 351, 429, 493, 462, 500, 601, 502, 503, 608, 524, 651. Capid, &c., 854. Causal sentences, 479, 491, 519, 526, 531. Collective nouns, 134. Commands, 437, 438, 439, 443, 444, 448. Comparison, 138, 165, 245, 281, 301, 302; 180; constr., 327, 333. Complement, 118, 402. Composition, 343. Concessive sentences, 465, 614. Concords, 120. Conditional sentences, 460, 463, 475, 512, 517. Conjugation of impers. verbs, 141. Conjunctions, 306. Consecutive sentences, 453, 456, 461, 467, 527. Construction after adjectives, 314, 359, 455; 333, 334; after verbs, 258, 285, 304, 307, 313, 351, 357, 358, 359, 361, 364, 367, 373, 385, 393. Contraction of gen. plur., 255, 167. Copula, 137. Cum (quum), 513. Dative case, 242, 243, 247, 248, 252, 259, 261, 262, 265, 268, 270, 271, 277, 278, 279, 290, 429, 462. Defective nouns, 189. Definitions of place, 176, 293. Definitions of time, 295, 345, 346, Demonstrative pronouns, 388. Dependent sentences, 447. Deponent verbs, 421. Derivation, 171, 183, 206, 237, 272, 398, 413, 434. Desiderative verbs, 332. digmis, constr, of, 455. do 319. dubito, 521. dum, 520. Enclitics, 441. Epicene nouns, 182. Exclamations, 168. Factitive verbs, 164. Fearing, verbs of, constr. of, 468. Figures of speecb, 516, • Final sentences, 451. M 223. Forms of verbs, to exi^lain, 142, 159, 172, 177, 187, 198, 212, 214, 240, 287, 291, 312, 316, 325, 353, 405, to give, 221, 222, 274, 324, 330, 499. Frequentative verbs, 130. Future infin. pass., 378, 488, 544. Future part, act., 125. Gender, 126, 155, 169, 194, 215, 224, 266, 289, 336, 418, 427, 518, 625, 548. Genitive case, 191, 195, 196, 203, 204, 211, 219, 220, 225, 229, 234, 235, 239, 429, 462. Gerund and Gerundive, 3T4, 380, 382, 383, 384, 394, 395, 400, 404, 473. 253, 276, 286, 161} 264, 650) 498i 256, 528, 208, 236, 381, 420, INDEX TO THE MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. Grammatical terms to define, 118, 119, 147, 134, 164, 160, 182, 192, 202, 154, 516, 533, 534, 538, 540. Greek nouns to decline, 163, 201, 213, 216, 310, 344. Heteroclite, heterogeneous, heterologi- cal words, 162, 174, 217, 537. Historical infinitive, 401. Hypothetical period, 463, 511, 512, 517. idem, 440. Imperative mood, 172; 436. Imperfect stem, strengthened form of root, 249. Impersonal verbs, 140, 393, 367, 357, 373, 385. immd, 482. Inceptive verbs, 188. Indefinite prononns, 457, 470, 476, 545. indignus, constr. of, 455. Infinitive mood, 365, 366, 372, 390, 391, 401, 414, 415, 416, 420, 446, 448, 454, 488, 529. Intensive verbs, 332. Interjections, 181. Interrogative particles, 426; pronouns, 450. Intransitive verbs, 207. ipse, 440. is, 419. Locative, 282, 283, 288. Mobile noims, 182. Month, Roman, 349, 350, 358, 387, 392, 412. Names of towns, constr. of, 356, 358. Negatives, 273, 309. nescio quo-constv. of, 466, Neuter passive verbs, 364. Nominative case, 156. Nominal assertions, 415, 416. Nominal commands, 443, 444. Nominal questions, 432, 435, 448. Nouns or adjectives to decline, 122, 128, 150, 153, 163, 186, 193, 199, 218, 226, 232, 238, 254, 263, 269, 310, 341, 376, 399, 433, 495. Nouns wanting gen. plur. 317. Numerals, 129, 178, 179, 260, 292, 300. Oratio obliqua, 504, 505, 506, 544, 549. Participles, 396, 397, 406, 408, 409, 420, 421, 542. Patronymics, 202. Perfect act., formation of, 327, 539. Periphrastic conjugations, 379. Place, constr. of, 355, 356, 478, 469, 503. Pluralia tantum, 153, 233. Potential subjunctive, 474. Prepositions, 132, 362, 368, 386, 417, 452. Pronouns, 300, 363, 457, 369, 371, 135, 536, 449. Principal parts of verbs, 123, 131, 152i 46, 209, 227, 244, 251, 280, 352, 424s 497, 522, 547. Prosody, 192, 200, 210, 230, 231, 241, 257, 267, 275, 296, 323, 342, 403, 442, 464, 483, 489, 492, 507, 523, 533, 534, 535, 538. Purpose, how expr., 490. Questions, 425, 430, 431, 432, 435, 466, 480, 505, 509. quin, 461, 510. quominus, 456, 510. Reduplicated perfects, 246. Reflexive pronouns, 369, 371, 375. Regular conjugations, 124. Relative pronouns, 135, 536; 484. se, suus, 449. Secondary sentences, 447, 486, 485, 504. Sequence of tenses, 423, 458. Sestertius, 546. Singularia tantum, 233. Subjunctive mood, 423, 484, 485, 474, 481, 486, 491, 494, 520, 530, 532. Subjects omitted, 121. Supines, 318, 377. Synopsis of verbs, 139, 166, 228, 250, 331, 370. Teaching, &c., verbs of, 158. Temporal sentences, 471, 472, 475, 477. Tenses, 410, 411, 422, 428, 459. Time, definitions of, 345, 346, 348, 469. Towns, names of, 356, 503. Voices, active and passive, 205, 207, 339, 347, 360, 389, 407. Wishes, 445. LATIN TEXT BOOKS, Published and for sale by F. J. H[XJ:N^TI]CsrGTOjNr & CO., 107 Duane St., N. Y. GRAMMAR OF ATTIC GREEK, compendious, witli copious Exercises, by Cbarles D. Morris, M. A., late fellow of Oriel College, Oxford $ 1 75 GRAMMAR OF THE LATIN LANGUAGE, compendious, with copious Exercises, by the same author, some time Rec- tor of Trinity School, N. Y 1 75 A LATIN READING BOOK, for use in connexion with his Grammar, by same author, 1 75 PROBATIO LATINA : a series of Questions designed to test the progress of learners in the Latin language, by C. D. Morris, M. A 50 VOCABULARIES TO MORRIS'S LATIN GRAMMAR, by the Assistant Latin Masters of St. Paul's School, Concord, N. H., Latin-English, English-Latin, by the Rev. Hall Harrison, M. A., and the Rev. Robert A. Benton, M. A. . 75 %* These Books are now in use and greatly ap2oroved by many of the best schools in the country. For their further i7itroduction special terms a7*e offered by t/ie Publishers, TESTIMONIALS. The books are now in use m many of our best schools, with resalts in Bome schools detailed below. St. Paul's ScnooL, Concord, li. Y. The best proof I can give of my interest in Mr. Morris' Latin and Greek books, is that I have tried tbem most faithfully and conscientiously for the year past, and have concluded to test them still more fully, the year that is coming. HENRY A. COIT, Bector, From the Bev. F. A. Adams, Orange, JV. J. Jiuie 28, 1871. My Dear Sir: I am just closing my year's work in school, and feel drawn to write you a line stating the result of my experience for the year past in the use of your Grammar of Attic Greek, and your Grammar of the Latin, as the principles on which the two books are made are the same. I have never before found pupils so quick and sure in their answers, or so much interested in tracing the references, and making out their own way, and have never before found the feeble so able to help themselves, and bring forward satisfactory results of their preparation. No one comj)lains of the book as defective or misleading, and I should shiink from changing them for any thing I am acquainted with. I do not suppose I am givnig valuable information in what I am saying. Prof. Hadley has given his opinion, and "what can the man do that cometh after the king? " But it is natural and pleasant for me to say it. I may be prompted a little, perhaps, by a notice I saw in the Nation, disapproving the system of taking the words up first by tlieir stems. I can see no grounds for the objection, nor do I believe there is anjr, except that it disturbs, for the present, old use and wont. My pupils are stimulated by it, and use it with constant pleasure. I do not wo'nder at this, for the method seems to me to secure constant recognition of the dynamics of word-foundation-word building. EocHESTER, May 20, 1871. The more I use the Latin Grammar, the better I like it. Its syntax is admirable ; and I know of no book that renders equal aid to the beginner iu Latin composition. E. H. WILSON. Letter to one who was in doubt about using Mr. Morris' books, from one who had given them a thorough trial. My Dear Sir, — Mr. Huntington sent me a day or two ago a letter he had received from you touching the Attic Greek Grammar. I am sure I need not tell you that I should not venture to write to you on the subject, if I had not formed from the tone of your letter a high estimate of your candor as TESTIMONIALS. well as your scholarsliip. As I infer tliat the chief difficulties which you find in the way of making use oi the book, in your own classes, relate to'the possible failure of it when put to the test of actual handling with a number of boys, I have thought that you would allow me to say a few words in regard to my own experience since I have had the book in use. The exercises are for the mOvSt part a novelty ; but I have tested them fully since the publication of the book, and I can assure you, that they realize my highest expectations. They have these conspicuous merits ; that they do not frighten boys with their apparent difficulty, but on the contrary, they are attacked with positive avidity: and that their use renders possible an absolutely perfect acquisition of the facts. I lay stress on this, because I am convinced that whether boys advance to appearance fast or slowly, nothing is really rapid, which is not sure ; and nothing is really slow, for any particular boy, which is made clear and certain as he progresses. A great deal will of course depend upon the age and previous acquirements of boys as to the absolute speed with which they can get through the book ; but I am certain that any given boy can acquire the language faster with it, than with any other book I am acquainted with. In the preface it is said that the exercises should be used orally in the main, and no great stress is laid on writing. This is said because one does not know, to what extent boys in all schools may be trusted to abstain from helping themselves in an unlawful way. But in a thoroughly healthy state of things, they may be perfectly confided in ; and I think, moreover, that the moral effect is good of requiring and expecting boys to forbear availing themselves of aid which is within their reach, but which they must not run to. However, this objection is now obviated by binding the Parsing and Reading Lessons separate from the Grammar. This morning instead of telling my class to recite one of the exercises in the praxis of forms orally, I made them get their slates and then told them to write down certain forms by their numbers; and when this was done, I made them compare what they had written with the words in the corresponding exercise, and tell me the faults they had committed. I believe that this was done with perfect integrity by every boy ; and if so, you can see that no better exercise could be devised. It may have occurred to you that it would be difficult to assign boys a particular lesson to prepare beforehand. It is true that for a week or so it would be the best plan for the teacher to study the book and work the exercises with his class. But after that time when they have come to understand the mechanism of things, you can set a lesson and it will be studied just as well as in other books whicli are formally so divided. For example, the other day I told my class to study the thir^ declension, giving them no assistance whatever, and in two days every boy had a very perfect acquaintance with the whole of that matter, so that he could decline any word out of the miscellaneous list given. I admit that the term " hieroglyphic " has a seeming propriety if applied to the list of irregular verbs. But you must remember that before this list is used, boys are supposed to have learned the regular verb perfectly ; and here again, I am certain that if the teacher will take the pains to read over with his class two or three pages to see that they understand the signs they will find no further difficulty. JBesides, everywhere I look more than anything else at the quality of the knowledge when acquired; and it is clear to me that if a boy can learn the irregularities of verbs from the list, he will have a far better acquaintance with them, than he is likely to get from studying them in Iladley or Crosby.