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 '^/OJITO-JO-^ '''^h 
 
 
 w 
 
 fiQ- 

 
 THE 
 
 WORKS 
 
 OF 
 
 EDMUND SPENSER. 
 
 IN EIGHT VOLUMES. 
 
 WITH THE 
 
 PRINCIPAL ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 OP 
 
 VARIOUS COMMENTATORS. 
 
 VOLUME THE THIRD. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 TRINTED FOR F. C. AND J. RIVINGTON, T. PAYNE, 
 CADELL AND DAVIES, AND R. H. EVANS. 
 
 1805.
 
 
 l\ .'Ir 'AH' f/ (I 
 
 \i y/ inn 
 
 Bye and Law, Printeri, St John's Square, Clerkenweli.
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 } 
 
 VOL. III. 
 
 Page 
 
 The firft Book of the Faerie Queene, Canto VII 
 
 XII - - - - - 1 
 
 The fecond Book of the Faerie Queene, Canto I 
 
 VII 217 
 
 fC- (< <Jt > K^' t J*
 
 ritz FIRST Book 0* 
 
 THE FAERIE QUEENE. 
 
 CANTO VII. 
 
 The Redcroffe Knight is captive made, 
 
 By Gyaunt proud oppreji : 
 Prince Arthure meets with Una great" 
 
 ly with thofe newes dijtrejt. 
 
 I. 
 
 VV HAT man fo wife, what earthly witt ib wafe, 
 As to difcry the crafty cunning traine, 
 By which Deceipt doth mafke in vifour faire, 
 And call her coulours died deepe in graine, 
 
 I. ] . ' fo ware J Cautious, So, in 11 
 
 Tim. iv. 15. " Of whom be thou "ware alio." Chaucer thus 
 defcribes his Sergeant of the Lawe, Frol. C. T. 311. 
 
 " A Sergeant of the Lawe "ware and wife." Todd. 
 I. 4. Jnd caji her coulours died deepe in graine,^ The fame 
 kind of imagery occurs in Stafford's Niobe, 2d. edit. l6ll, 
 P. 2. p. 255. The author is fpeaking of this monjirous age. 
 " I yeeld to Heraclitus, and ioine teares with him ; to fee, if 
 both wee can wafli it cleane with weeping. But alas ! we can- 
 not : for Sin hath died it in grain ; and it uill neua' change 
 colour, til it come to be try'd by the touch of fire." And 
 thus Hamlet's mother, acknowledging her guilt to her fon, 
 Hamlet, A. iii. S. iv. 
 
 " Thou turn'ft mine eyes into my very foul ; 
 
 " And there I fee fuch black and grained fpots, 
 
 " As will not leave their tind," Todd. 
 
 VOL. III. B
 
 t THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK t. 
 
 To feeme like Truth, whofe fhape {he well 
 
 can faine, 
 And fitting geilures to her purpofe frame, 
 The guiltleffe man with guile to entertaine ? 
 Great maiftrefle of her art was that falfe 
 Dame, 
 The falfe DuefTa, cloked with Fideffaes name. 
 
 II. 
 Who when, returning from the drery Night, 
 She found not in that perilous Hous of Pryde, 
 Where flie had left, the noble RedcrofTe 
 
 Knight, 
 Her hoped pray ; ftie would no lenger byde, 
 But forth file went to feeke him far and wide. 
 Ere long fhe fownd, whereas he wearie fate 
 To reft him felfe, foreby a fountaine fyde, 
 Difarmed all of yron-coted plate ; 
 And by his fide his fteed the grafly forage ate. 
 
 III. 
 Hee feedes upon the cooling ihade, and bayes 
 His fweatie forehead in the breathing wynd. 
 Which throuo-h the tremblinoj leaves full 
 
 gently playes, 
 AVherein the chearefull birds of fundry kynd 
 
 III. 1. Hee feedes upon the cooling Jhade,] That is, enjoys. 
 So Virgil, .. iii. 339. 
 
 " Quid puer Alcanius ? fuperatne, et vefcitur auras ?" 
 So the ancient books read, and not aurd : And does lie feed 
 upon the vital air ? Again, St. 22. 
 
 *' Ayhy do ye longer/eeci on loathed light." Uptox.
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE; 9 
 
 Doe chaunt fweet mufick, to delight his 
 
 mynd : 
 The Witch approching gaii him fayrely greet, 
 And with reproch of carelelnes unkynd 
 Upbrayd, for leaving her in place unmeet, 
 With fowle words tempring faire, foure gall with 
 hony fweet* 
 
 Unkindneffe paft, they gan of folace treaty 
 And bathe in pleafaunce of the ioyous fliade, 
 Which fliielded them againft the boy ling heat, 
 And, with greene boughes decking a gloomy 
 
 glade. 
 About the fountaine like a girlond made ; 
 W hofe bubbling wave did ever frellily well, 
 Ne ever would through fervent fommer fade t 
 The- facred nymph, which therein woiit to 
 dwell, 
 W^as out of Dianes favor, as it then befell. 
 
 V. 
 The caufe was this : One day, when Phoebe fayre 
 With all her band was following the chace. 
 This nymph, quite tyr^l with heat offcorching 
 
 ayre, 
 Satt downe to refl in middeft of the race : , 
 The goddeffe wroth gan fowly her difgrace*, 
 
 IV. 3. ' the boyling heat,] In like manner 
 
 he calls the burning fands of iVrabie and Yad, " the boyling 
 funds," F. Q. i. vi. 35. Tobd. 
 
 B 2
 
 4 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 And badd the waters, which from her did flow. 
 Be fuch as ihe her felfe was then in place. 
 Thenceforth her waters wexed dull and flow ; 
 And all, that drinke thereof, do faint and feeble 
 grow. 
 
 VI. 
 Hereof this gentle Knight unweeting was ; 
 And, lying downe upon the fandie graile, 
 Dronke of the fl;reame, as cleare as chrifi:all 
 
 glas: 
 
 Eftfoones his manly forces gan to fayle, 
 And mightie itrong was turnd to feeble frayle. 
 His chaunged powres at firft themfelves not 
 
 felt ; 
 Till crudled cold his corage gan aflli} le. 
 And cheareful blood infayntnes chill did melt, 
 Which, like a fever fit, through all his bodie 
 fwelt. 
 
 V. 8. Thencfforth her "waters wexed dull andjlow ; 
 
 And ally that drinke thereof, do faint and feeble grov;.^ 
 This metamorphofis is exa<^tly after the Ovidian ftrain ; and 
 the wonderful efteols of this water are agreeable to what natural 
 philofophers relate of fome ftreams. See what the commen- 
 tators have cited on the following verfes of Ov. Met. xv. 317. 
 " Quodquc magis niirum, funt, qui non corpora tantiun, 
 " \ crCim animos etiam valeant mutare, liquores : 
 " Cui non audita eft obfcenae Salmacis unda, 
 " -Kthiopofque lacus ? quos fi quis laucibus haufit, 
 " Aut furit, aut miruni patitur gravitate foporem." 
 A fountain of like nature is mentioned in TalTo, C. xiv. 74. 
 
 Uptox. 
 
 VI. C. the fandie graile,] Some particles, 
 
 or . gravel. Grele from gracilis. See Menage, and note on 
 V. Q. ii. X. J J. Upton.
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 5 
 
 VII. 
 
 Yet goodly court he made flill to his Dame, 
 
 , ,, Pourd out in loofnefle on the graify grownd. 
 
 Both carelefle of his health, and of his fame : 
 
 Till at the lafl he heard a dreadfull fownd, 
 
 j! Which through the wood loud bellowing did 
 
 rebownd, 
 
 That all the earth for terror feemd to fliake. 
 
 And trees did tremble. Th' Elfe, therewith 
 
 aftownd, 
 
 Upftarted lightly from his loofer Make, 
 
 And his unready weapons gan in hand to take. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 But ere he could his armour on him dight, 
 Or gett his Ihield, his monftrous enimy 
 AVith flurdie fteps came ftalking in his fight, 
 And hideous Geaunt, horrible and hye, 
 
 VII. 8. his loofer Make,] Mo/ce here figni- 
 
 fies companion. See alio Itanza xv. So Chaucer, p. 537 , ver. 
 57. edit. Urr. 
 
 " Every falfe man hath a Make." Church. 
 
 VIII. 2. his monjirous enimy 
 
 With Jlurdie Jleps camejialking in his Jight, 
 An hideous Geaunt, horrible and %e,] The piftur- 
 efque image of this monftrous giant appears, as the poet in- 
 tended it Ihould, terrible and vaft ; the very meafure pf the 
 verfe, and the iteration of the letters, contributing no fmall 
 fhare in this defcription With Jlurdie fteps came ftalking 
 Homer defcribes the wairior, ^y.(ai ^iQmTo,. So JMilton of 
 Satan, Par. Loft, B. vi. 109. 
 
 " Satan, with vaft and haughtie ftrides advanc'd, 
 
 " Came towering " 
 But INIilton has a paflage nearer ftill to our poet, whom both 
 in the exprellion, and m the iteration of the letters, he plainly 
 miitates, Far. Loft, B, ii. 676. 
 
 b3
 
 6 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I, 
 
 That with his tallnefTe feemd to threat the 
 
 %e ; 
 The ground eke groned under him for dreed ; 
 His hving hke faw never Hving eye, 
 Ne durft behold ; his ftature did exceed 
 The hioht of three the talleft fonnes of mortall 
 
 o 
 
 feed. 
 
 The grealefl: Earth his {mcouth mother was, 
 And bluftring iEolus his boafted fyre ; 
 Who with his breath, which through the world 
 
 doth pas. 
 Her hollow womb did fecretly infpyre. 
 And fild her hidden caves with ftormie yre, 
 That fhe conceiv'd ; and trebling the dew time, 
 
 " The monfter moving onward came as faft 
 
 " With horrid ftrides ; Hell trembled as he ftrode." 
 
 So Spenfer, 
 
 " The ground eke groned under him for dread." 
 
 And Homer, who led the way, //. '. 18. 
 
 TlocTffl* iitr afiamrojcr* Utan^xutoi; loilej. UpTOV. 
 IX, 1. The greateji Earth his uncouth mother was,'] Hefiod 
 fays the giants were born of Heaven and Earth, and calls this 
 brood YnEPH<})ANA TEKNA. Hyginus, nearer ftill to our pur- 
 pofe, " Ex JVAhevG & Terra Superbia ;" which anfwers to this 
 Giant's name Orgoglio. Ital. Orgoglio. Gall. Orgueil. The 
 etymology of which, according to Menage is, ofyxu, tuvieo. 
 And to this etymology Spenfer feems to allude when he fays, 
 Tuft tip with xiinde ; and likewife by fo elegantly departing 
 from the ancient mythologifts, who make Pride the offspring 
 of Heaven and Earth : for JEther in Hyginus is Heaven. 
 Whether Spenfer interprets Hyginus, and the mythologifts, 
 right, is not now the queftion ; 'tis fufficient if he has applied 
 them to his purpofe ; and has acled the poet, not the fervile 
 imitator. Upton.
 
 CANTO VII, THE FAERIE QUEENE. 7 
 
 In which the wombes of wemen do expyre. 
 Brought forth this monftrous mafie of earthly 
 
 {lyme, 
 Puft up with emptie wynd, and fild with iinfull 
 
 cryme. 
 
 So growen great, through arrogant dehght 
 Of th' high defcent whereof he was yborne, 
 And through prefumption of his matchlefTe 
 
 might, 
 All other powres and knighthood he did 
 
 fcorne. 
 
 Such now he marcheth to this man forlorne, 
 
 And left to loffe ; his llalking fteps are ftayde 
 
 Upon a fnaggy oke, which he had tome 
 
 Out of his mothers bowelles, and it made 
 
 His mortall mace, wherewith his foemen he dif- 
 
 mayde. 
 
 XI. 
 
 That, when the Knight he fpyde, he gan ad- 
 
 vaunce 
 
 AVith huge force and inf6pportable mayne. 
 
 And towardes him with dreadfull fury praunce ; 
 
 Who haplefTe, and eke hopeleffe, all in vaine 
 
 - IX. 7. do expyre,] That is, fend forthy 
 
 or bring forth. Lat. expiro. So it is ufed in f . Q. iv. i. 54. 
 
 Church. 
 
 X. 6. his Jlalking fieps are ftayde 
 
 Upon a fnaggy oAe,] In the romance of Bexh of 
 JIampion, a giant ul'es the fame fupporter : 
 
 " His ftaife was a yomig oake." Todd. 
 
 B 4
 
 j$ THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I 
 
 Did to him pace fad battaile to darrayne, 
 Difarmd, dil'grafte, and inwardly diimayde; 
 And eke fo faint in every ioynj: and vayne, 
 Through that fraile fountain, which bim feeble 
 
 made, 
 That fcarfel y could he weeld his bootleffe fmgle 
 
 blade. 
 
 XII. 
 The Geaunt Ilrooke fo maynly mercilefle, 
 That could have overthrowne a ftony towre j 
 And, were not hevenly grace that did him 
 
 blefle, 
 
 He had beene pouldred all, as thin as flowre ; 
 
 But he was wary of that deadly ilowre. 
 
 And lightly lept from underneath the blow ; 
 
 Yet fo exceeding was the villeins powre. 
 
 That with the winde it did him overthrow. 
 
 And all his fences ftooncl, that ftill he lay full low, 
 
 XIII. 
 
 As when that diveliih yron engin, wrought 
 
 XI. 6. difgrafte,] That is, diffolute, debauched. 
 
 See 11. 51. Church. 
 
 XII. 4. : pouldred] Beaten to d]ift. Fr. pouldrer. 
 
 See Cotgrave's Did. And ft. xiv. And note on pouldred, F. Q. 
 iii. ii. 25. Todd. 
 
 XIII. 1. As when that diveliih yro7i engm,'] This exprefllonhe 
 had from Ariofto, C. xi. 23. " La jnachina infernal." So in C. ix, 
 
 ** O maladetto, O abbominofo ordigno, 
 " Che fabbricato uel tartareo fondo 
 " Fofti per man di Belzebu maligno " 
 Pence Milton, fpeaking of this deviliOi enginry; 
 
 " Such implements of mifchief, as ihall dafh 
 f' To pieces, and o'erwhelm whatever ftands
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. '^ 
 
 In deepeft hell, and framd by Furies fkill, 
 With windy nitre and quick fulphur fraught, 
 And ramd with bollet rownd, ordaind to kill, 
 Conceiveth fyre ; the heavens it doth fill 
 With thimdring noyl'e, and all the ayre doth 
 
 choke, 
 That none can breath, nor fee, nor heare at 
 
 will, 
 Through fmouldry cloud of dulkifli ftincking 
 
 fmoke ; 
 
 That th' only breath him daunts, who hath efcapt 
 
 the ftroke. 
 
 XIV, 
 
 So daunted when the Geaunt faw the Knight, 
 His heavie hand he heaved up on hye. 
 And him to dull thought to have battred 
 quight, 
 
 " Adverfe, that they fhall fear we have difarm'd 
 ** The Thunderer of his only dreaded bolt." 
 
 Raphael, then addrelling Adam, tells him ; 
 
 " Haply, of thy race 
 
 " In future days, if malice fhould abound, 
 " Some one intent on mifchief, or infpired 
 " With detiUjIi tnachination, might devife 
 " Like iiijiriimeiit to plague the ions of men." Uptok, 
 XIII. 9. That til only brcutli] bo, in F, Q. v. xi. 30. 
 " As if the onely found " 
 
 Again, vi. vii. 31. f^ O 
 
 " That with the onely twinckle of her eye '* \ C/\ V>' 
 
 And, in his Hymne of Htaxcnlle Love: 
 
 " And with his otiely breath them blew away " 
 
 Milton too. Far. Lojt, B, v. 5. 
 
 " which the only found 
 
 " Of leaves and fuming rills, &c." 
 
 Only fignifies alone. See Dr. Newton's note. Church.
 
 |0 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK U 
 
 Untill Dueffa loud to him gan crye ; 
 
 : ^' O great Orgoglio, greateft under fkye, 
 
 O ! hold thy mortall hand for Ladies fake ; 
 
 Hold for my fake, and doe him not to dye. 
 
 But vanquillit thine eternall bondilave make. 
 
 And me, thy worthy meed, unto thy leman 
 
 take/' 
 
 XV. 
 
 He hearkned, and did ftay from further harmes, 
 To gayne fo goodly guerdon as {he fpake : 
 So willingly (he came into his armes, 
 Who her as willingly to grace did take. 
 And was pofTeiled of his newfound Make. 
 Then up he tooke the flombred fencelefle 
 
 corfe ; 
 And, ere he could out of his fwowne awake. 
 Him to his caftle brought with haftie forfe. 
 And in adongeon deepe him threw without re- 
 mo rfe. 
 
 XVI. 
 From that day forth DuefTa was his deare, 
 
 XIV. 7. doe him not to dye,] So Chaucer, 
 
 Rom. R. 1061. 
 
 " And doen to die 
 
 " Thefe lofengeours, with her flatterie." 
 The inftances of this expreflion are innumerable, botli in 
 Chaucer, and in our author. This is, Je luifcrai mourir, Fr, 
 Farullo morire. Ital. T. Warton. 
 
 XVI. 1. From that day forth Dueffa &c.] This defcription 
 of Duefla magnificently arrayed, clothed in purple, havnig a 
 cup in her hand, fitting on a Dragon who had feven heads, 
 and who threw down the ftars with his tail, is taken from tlie 
 Apocali/pfe, ch. xii. and ch. xvii. Joktin.
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 11 
 
 And highly honourd in his haughtie eye : 
 He gave her gold and purple pall to weare, 
 And triple crowne fet on her head full hye, 
 And her endowd with royall maieftye : 
 Then, for to make her dreaded more of men, 
 And peoples hartes with awfull terror tye, 
 A monftrous Beaft ybredd in filthy fen 
 
 He chofe, which he had kept long time in darkr 
 fom den. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 Such one it was, as that renowmed fnake 
 Which great Alcides in Stremona Hew, 
 
 (;/<" 
 
 , He has plainly likewife Daniet in view, ch. vii. 7, when he t^ 
 relates of the beaft in ft. 18, 
 
 " And underneath his JiUhy feet did tread 
 
 " The lacred things 
 
 " Aw y ran brejl, and back of fcaly bras." Upton. 
 
 XVI. 5. Ami her endowd with royall mniejlye :] Now the 
 complete whore, " She faith in her heart Ifit a queen." Rev. ^ 
 xviii. 7. Upton. 
 
 XVII. 2. Which great Alcides in Stremona ^etu,] Strymon 
 is a city and a river in Thrace, and fometimes ufed for Thrace 
 itfelf : 'tis ufual for Spenfer, as well as other writers, to ufe 
 proper names in the oblique cafes : Now as Thrace was re- 
 markable for its feditions, and facred to the ravaging god of 
 war ; the Hydra, foitcred in Lerne, (the proper emblem of 
 fedition,) might well be laid to have made its abode in Thrace. 
 " Strymonis impia ftagna," Statins Theb. ix. 435. 
 
 Some perhaps may think that Spenfer has confounded the 
 places of llercules's labours ; or, inftead of Amymune, that 
 either he, or fome romance-writer whom he might follow, 
 wrote Sfrymone corruptedly. This fnake ufed to harbour nrap* 
 TO? j-*i7.? T'^? AMTMflNHi:, A-pollod. p. 102, where this adven- 
 ture of Hercules is related. But the above-mentioned allegory 
 and allufion is agreeable to Spenfer's manner of adding to, or 
 departing from, the ancient mythology, juft as ferves theicheme 
 of his fairy tale. Upton.
 
 12 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK t. 
 
 Long foftred in the filth of Lerna lake : 
 Whofe many heades out-budding ever new 
 Did breed him endlefle labor to fubdew. 
 But this fame Monller much more ugly was ; 
 For feven great heads out of his body grew, 
 An yron breft, and back of fcaly bras. 
 And all embrevvd in blood his eyes did Ihine 
 as glas. J ,j ;;[ 
 
 XVIII. 
 His ta^de was flretched out in wondrous length, 
 That to the hous of hevenly gods it raught ; 
 And with extorted powre, and bon'ow'd 
 
 ftrength, 
 The everburning lamps from thence it braught. 
 And prowdly threw to ground, as things of 
 
 naught; .- ' 7; i - 
 
 And underneath his filtliy met iiid tread 
 The facred thinges, and holy heaftes fore- 
 taught. 
 
 XVII. 8. and back of fcaly bras, 
 
 And all embrewd in blood Ills eyes didjhine as glas.^ 
 This is the ufnal defcription of dragons in romance. Thus, in 
 Bevis of Hampton : 
 
 " His Icales [were] bright as the glalTe, 
 
 " And hard they were as any brafl'e." Todd. 
 
 XVIII. 7. holy heaftes foretaught.] Mr. 
 
 Upton reads, contrary to all the editions except that of Ton- 
 ion's in 1758, fortaught ; which, he fays, it ought to be, as 
 lignifying " mi/interpreted, urongly and -wickedly taught the 
 commandments of God ;" the word being compounded of for 
 and taught ; for, in compoiition, fometimes giving the word an 
 ill fenfe : See his GlolVary. 
 
 But though ybr and fore are frequently confounded in com- 
 pofitiou, we may here coudder foretaught as a participle (and
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE* I'S' 
 
 Upon this dreadfull Bead with fevenfold 
 head 
 He fett the faJfe DuelTa, for more aw and dread. 
 
 XIX. 
 The w^ofull Dwarfe, which Taw his Maifters fall, 
 (Whiles he had keeping of his grafing fteed,) 
 And valiant Knight become a caytive thrall ; 
 When all was paft, tooke up his forlorne 
 
 weed ; 
 His mightie armour, miffing mofl at need ; 
 His filver (liield, now idle, maiflerleffe ; 
 His poynant fpeare, that many made to bleed; 
 The rueful moniments of heavineile ; 
 And with them all departes, to tell his great 
 diftreiTe. 
 
 of a very different fignification) agreeing Avith heojles or com,' 
 niHiidments ; and then the word may not feem to have been 
 niifprinted, as Mr. Upton would affirm. It is the contemptuous 
 behaviour of the beall which is liere defcribed ; he defpifes 
 alike " the facred things, and the holy heaftes foretavght," 
 i. e. the divine precepts before taught : Thefe, which had been 
 long reverenced, and were aforetime inculcated, it is in cha- 
 racter for him to infult, and metaphorically to tread under his 
 feet. Todd. 
 
 XIX. 4. his forlorne iveed^] Were forlorne 
 
 is accented on the firfi fyllable. So it feems to be in it. 43. 
 .See alfo F. Q. i. i. 9, i.'iii. 43, i. vi, 22, &c. But on the 
 fecond fyllable, F. Q. i. vii. 10, ii. i. 22, &c. Shakfpeare 
 has alio accented the word on the firft fyllable, Firji Part 
 K. Hen. VI. A. i. S. ii. 
 
 " Now for the honour of the forlorn French." 
 But, in other places, on the fecond. Todd. 
 
 XIX. 6. His fiver (hield, now idle,] Hence Milton, ia 
 his Ode Nativ. v. 55. 
 
 " The idle fpear andfiield were high up hung." 
 
 Todd.
 
 14 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 1. 
 
 He had not travaild long, when on the way 
 He wofall Lady, wofuU Una, met 
 Faft flying from that Paynims greedy pray, 
 Whileft Satyrane him from purfuit did let : 
 Who when her eyes flie on the Dwarf had fet, 
 And faw the fignes that deadly tydinges 
 
 fpake, 
 She fell to ground for forrowfull regret, 
 And lively breath her fad breft did forfake ; 
 
 Yet might her pitteous hart be feen to pant and 
 
 quake. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 The melTenger of fo unhappie newes 
 
 Would faine have dyde ; dead was his hart 
 
 within ; 
 
 Yet outwardly fome little comfort Ihewes : 
 
 At laft, recovering hart, he does begin 
 
 To rub her temples, and to chaufe her chin, 
 
 And everie tender part does tofle and turne : 
 
 So hardly he the flitted hfe does win 
 
 XX. 3. thePai/nims] Sansloy's. The is 
 
 probably Spenfer's own corredlion. The firft edition reads 
 that, which the quarto of 1751, and Mr. Church, adopt. The 
 fecond edition reads the, which every other fubl'equent im- 
 prelTion follows. Todd. 
 
 XXI. 2. dead was his hart "within ;] This is 
 
 / a phrafe in Scripture. I Sam. xxv. 37. Speaking of Nabal, 
 
 " His heart died within him, and he became as a ftone." Upton. 
 
 XXI. 5. " to chaufe her chin,] Her face. 
 
 nris a hard matter to find fo many rhymes, and fo much good 
 fenfe, both together. However Horace ufes mmto for the/ccc, 
 L. ii. Od. 7. ver. 12. Uptox. .
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 15 
 
 Unto her native prifon to retourne. 
 Then gins her grieved ghoft thus to lament and 
 
 mourne : 
 
 XXII. 
 " Ye dreary infcruments of doleful! fight, 
 That doe this deadly fpe6lacle behold, 
 Why doe ye lenger feed on loathed light, 
 Or liking find to gaze on earthly mould, 
 Sith cruell fates the carefull threds unfould. 
 The which my life and love together tyde ? 
 Now let the ftony dart of fenceleffe Cold 
 Perce to my hart, and pas through everie 
 fide ; 
 And let eternall night fo fad fight fro me hyde. 
 
 XXIII. 
 " O lightfome Day, the lampe of highefl: love, 
 Firft made by him mens wandring wayes to 
 
 guyde. 
 When Darknefie he in deepeft dongeondrove j 
 Henceforth thy hated face for ever hyde. 
 And fliut up heavens windowes fhyning wyde : 
 
 XXII. 7. fencckjfe Cold] Cold, I ap- 
 prehend, is here reprelented as a perfon ; as likevvile in ftanza 
 xxxix. Church. 
 
 XXII. 9. fo fad fight] Sight is omitted in the 
 
 firft edition, but fupplied in the I'econd. Church. 
 
 XXIII, 3. When DarknelTe he in deepeji dongeon drovc;'^ 
 Darknefs is a perfon. He feems to have in view Manihus, 
 L. i. \26. 
 
 " Miuidumque enixa nitentem, 
 
 *' Fugit in infernas Caligo puU'a tenebras." Upton.
 
 16 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 1. 
 
 For earthly fight can nought butforrow breed. 
 And late repentance, which (hall long abyde. 
 ]\Iine eyes no more on vanitie ihall feed, 
 But, feeled up with death, fliall have their deadly 
 
 meed." 
 
 XXIV. 
 Then downe againe flie fell unto the ground ; 
 But he her quickly reared up againe : 
 Thrife did Ihe linke adowne in deadly fwownd. 
 And thrife he her revived with buiie paine. 
 At laft when Life recover'd had the raine, 
 And over-wreftled his flrong Enimy, 
 With foltring tong, and trembling everie 
 
 vaine, 
 " Tell on," quoth llie, " the wofull tragedy. 
 The which thefe reliques fad prefent unto mine 
 eye : 
 
 XXV. 
 
 *' Tempeftuous Fortune hath fpent all herfpight. 
 And thrilling Sorrow throw ne his utmoft dart: 
 Thy fad tong cannot tell more heavy plight 
 Then that I feele, and harbour in mine hart : 
 
 XXIV. 6. Enimy,] Death. life and 
 
 Death are here reprefented as perlbns ; fo are Sorrow and 
 Fortune in the next ftanza. Church. 
 
 XXIV. 9- The uhich thefe reliques iud prefent unto mine eye .] 
 Pointing to the armour of the Redcrofle Knight; and here let 
 me not pafs over the great art of our poet in preferring liis 
 allegory to the eftablilhed rules of chivalry : every conqueror 
 feized on the arms of the conquered as his lawful prev, and 
 as trophies of honour. But what has this Man of Sin to do 
 with Chriftian panoply ? See above ft. 15). Upton.
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 1^ 
 
 Who hath endur'd the whole, can beare ech 
 
 part. 
 If death it be ; it is not the firft wound* 
 That launched hath my breft with bleeding 
 
 fmart. 
 
 Begin, and end the bitter baleful! ftound ; 
 
 If leiie then that I feare, more favour 1 have 
 
 found.'' 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 Then gan the Dwarfe the whole difcourfe de* 
 clare ; 
 The fubtile traines of Archimago old ; 
 The wanton loves of falfe Fideffa fayre, 
 I3ought with the blood of vanquilht Paynim 
 
 bold; 
 The wretched Pay re transformd to treen 
 
 mould ; 
 
 The Houfe of Pryde, and perilles round about ; 
 
 The combat, which he with Sansioy didhould; 
 
 The lucklefTe conflict with the Gyaunt ftout, 
 
 Wherein captiv'd, of life or death he ftood in 
 
 doubt. 
 
 XXVII. 
 She heard with patience all unto the end ; 
 And ftrove to maifter forrowfull affay, 
 Which greater grew, the more (he did contend, 
 
 XXVI. 9. of life or death he food in doubt.] That 
 
 ,is, the Dwarf was doubtful whether the Redcrofl'e Knight was 
 yet living. Church, 
 
 VOL. III. C
 
 It THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I, 
 
 And almoft rent her tender hart in twaj ; 
 And love frefti coles unto her fire did lay : 
 For greater love, the greater is the lofle. 
 Was never Lady loved dearer day 
 Then {he did love the Knight of the Red- 
 crofTe ; 
 For wliofe deare fake fo many troubles her did 
 
 toffe. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 At laft when fervent forrow flaked was. 
 She up arofe, refolving him to find 
 Alive or dead ; and forward forth doth pas, 
 All as the Dwarfe the way to her aflynd : 
 And evermore, in conftant carefull mind. 
 She fedd her wound with frefti renewed bale : 
 Long toft with ftormes, and bet with bitter 
 
 wind, 
 High over hills, and lowe adowne the dale, 
 he wandred many a wood, and meafurd many 
 a vale. 
 
 XXVII. 7. Jf^os never Lady loted dearer day] Spenfer has 
 inany pleonaftical expreffions ; day feems here abundant : No 
 Lady loved any one dearer, than Una loved the Redcrofle 
 y Knight. " Abrahana defired to fee my day, i. e. me" John viii. 
 56. Pfal. cii. 2. "In the day when 1 call," i. e. when I call. 
 Prov. xxiv. 10. " In tlie day of adverfity," i. e. in adverfity. 
 Ecd. vii. 14. " In the day of profperity," i. e. in profperity. 
 Jiomer, Od. p'. 323. JXio S/^af, dies fervitutis, i. e. /ervitus, 
 Schol. J'aXw* 5/x,ap i ^K?tta. See F. Q. ii. xii. Z-i. 
 
 *' See in fpringing floure the image of thy day ;" 
 i. e. thy ok/i image. Again, i. viii. 43. 
 
 '* Whofe prefence I have lackt too long a day : 
 L e. tOQ long, U p t o x .
 
 CANTO Vir. tttE FAERIE QUEENE< IQ 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 At laft flie chaimced by good hap to meet 
 A goodly Knight, faire marching by the way. 
 Together with his Squyre, arayed meet : 
 His ghtterand armour fliined far away, 
 Likeglauncing hght of Phoebus brighteft ray; 
 From top to toe no place appeared bare. 
 That deadly dint of fleele endanger may : 
 Athwart his brefl a bauldrick brave he ware, 
 
 That fhind, like twinkling ftars, with ftones 
 moft pretious rare : 
 
 XXX. 
 
 And, in the midft thereof, one pretious ftoiie 
 Of wondrous worth, and eke of wondrous 
 
 mights, 
 Shapt like a Ladies head, exceeding (hone, 
 
 XXIX. 1, At lajlfhe chaunced hi/ good hap to meet 
 
 A goodly Knight,^ This is the iirft time that 
 the Briton Prince makes his appearance ; and, that his image 
 might well be imprefled on the reader's mind, he is defcribed 
 at large, and takes up nine whole ftanzas. Sublimity and gran- 
 deur require room to Hiew themfelves, and to expatiate at 
 large. And this is exactly after the manner of the great Gre- 
 cian mafter, who often paints his heroes at full length. See 
 likewife the magnificent figure he makes ! for he is Magnifi- 
 cence itfelf. lie is attended with a Squire ; like the Knights 
 in romance writers : Not fo the Chriftian Knight ; he and Una 
 have only a Dwarf betwixt them to carry their needments. 
 
 Upton. 
 
 XXIX. 4. Jhined'l See the note onjhyned, F. Q. 
 
 i. iv. 10, and the ninth line of this flanza. Todd. 
 
 XXX. 1. And, in the midji thereof , one pretious Jlone 
 
 Shapt like a Ladies head,'] Prince Arthur's 
 armour was made by the fage Merlin, The baldrick or belt, was 
 the ufual ornament of heroes, A^irg. /En, ix. Z^d' " Aurea 
 
 C2
 
 50 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Like Hefperus emongft the lefler lights, 
 And ft rove for to amaze the weaker fights : 
 Thereby his mortall blade full comely hong 
 In yvory fheath, ycarv'd with curious flights, 
 Whofe hilts were burnifht gold ; and handle 
 ftrong 
 Of mother perle ; and buckled with a golden 
 tong. 
 
 XXXI. 
 His haughtie helmet, horrid all with gold. 
 
 bullis cingula." That beautiful baldrick of Pallas, fo fatal to 
 Turnus, is well known. But, among the pretious ftones which 
 ornamented this belt, there was one in the midft, Jhapt like a 
 Ladies head : meaning the Faerie Queene ; by whom tfvery 
 one knows who is reprefented. ^Spenfer departs from Jeft'ry of 
 Monmouth, and the romance hiltory of Prince Arthur ; and 
 indeed from all the ftories of our old Englifli writers, in many 
 of the circumftances relating to this Bntiili prince, that he 
 might make a hero for liis poem, and not a poem for his 
 , hero. They tell you that his fliield was named Pridtven ; his 
 fword Caliburn or Excalibur (Spenler, Mordure,) and his fpear 
 Roan. They fay likewife that on Arthur's fhield was painted 
 the image of the Virgin Mary. Upton. 
 
 XXXI. 1. horrid all with gold,} ' This i& 
 
 very poetical. So Virg. JEn. xii. 87. 
 
 " Ipfe dehinc auro fqualaitem alboque orichalco 
 
 *' Circumdat loricam humeris." 
 And Taflb, C. xv. 48. 
 
 " Inalza d' oro fquallido fquamofe 
 
 " Le crefte, e'l capo " 
 And Milton, Par. Lojt, B. v. 356. 
 
 " When their retinue long 
 
 " Of horfes led, and groomes befmeard with gold, 
 
 " Dazles the croud, and fets them all agape." 
 Spenfer had Virgil, or Taflb, in view where the latter dcfcribes 
 the Soldan's helmet, C. ix. 25. 
 
 ' Porta il Soldan sii I'elmo horrido, e graude 
 
 " Scrpo, che il dilunga, e'l coUo fuoda
 
 CANTO VII. THE TAERIE QUEENE. 21 
 
 Both glorious brightnefTe and great terrour 
 
 bredd : 
 For all the creft a dragon did enfold 
 ^Vith greedie pawes, and over all did fpredd 
 His golden winges; his dreadfull hideous 
 
 hedd, 
 Clofe couched on the bever, feemd to throw 
 From flaming mouth bright fparckles fiery 
 
 redd, 
 That fuddeine horrour to faint hartes did 
 
 {how ; 
 And fcaly tayle was ftretcht adowne his back 
 
 full low. 
 
 XXXII. 
 Upon the top of all his loftie creft, 
 
 A bounch of heares difcolourd diverfly, 
 With fprincled pearle and gold full richly 
 
 dreft, 
 
 " Sii le zampe s'inalza, e Tali fpande, 
 *' E piega in arco la forcuta coda. 
 " Par che tre lingue vibri, e che fuor mande 
 " Livida fpuma, e che '1 fuo fifchio s'oda. 
 " Et hor, ch' arde la pugna, anch' ei s' infiamma 
 " Nel moto, e fumo veria infiene, e fiaiiima." 
 And TaflTo plainly copies Virgil, Mn. \ii. 785, &c. Uptos". 
 
 XXXI. 3. For all the crejl &c.] Such was the creft of 
 Prince Arthur's father, Uther, who was therefore called Pen- 
 dragon. Pe, in Welch, fignifies a Affl(/. Church. 
 
 XXXII. 2. A bounch of heares difcolourd diverjly,^ This 
 verfe he has had before C. ii. St. 11. He could not better it, 
 therefore he does not alter it : and in this he follows Homer. 
 
 The ancient crefts were of feathers or of horfes hair : Virgil 
 defcribes Turnus wearing a golden helmet with crimfon plumes, 
 vrt. ix. 49. " Criftaque tegit galea aurea rubrd." Upton. 
 
 c 3
 
 fK2 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Did fliake, and feemd to daunce for ioUitj ; 
 Like to an almond tree y mounted hje 
 On top of greene Selinis all alone, 
 With blollbms brave bedecked daintily ; 
 Whofe tender locks do tremble every one 
 At everie little breath, that under heaven h 
 biowne. ^ ' i'^' 
 
 XXXII. 6. Sclhiis] It fliould rather be Sdimts, *' Palmofa 
 Selbnis," Virg. 31n. iii. 705 ; a town in Cilicia, fo named. But 
 3penfer feldom takes a proper name without altering it. The 
 fimile of the almond tree is exceeding ek.gant, and much after 
 the cuft of that f^dmired image in Homer, 11. f'. j1, &c. 
 
 Upton. 
 I was furpriied, fays I\Ir. Steevens, " to find this much and 
 jullly celebrated fimiie inferted almoft word for word in Mar-^ 
 low's tragedy of Tavtbiirlaine, The earlieft edition of the 
 Faerie Qucenc was publilhed in 1590, and Tamburlaine had been 
 reprefented in or before the year 1588, as appears from the 
 preface to Perimedes the Bluckjhnth, by Robert Greene. The 
 firft copy, however, that I meet with, is in 15<)0, and the next 
 in 1593." Shakfpeare, vol. ix. p. yo. edit. 1793. 
 
 Xhere is, however, little reafon, I think, to fuppofe Spenfer 
 the plagiarill. Spenfer had finiQied this part of the Faerie 
 Qiieene before the acting of Tamburlaine ; the fecond book of 
 this poem is abfolutely quoted in a little volume, entitled The 
 Arcadian Rheturi/ie, by Abraham Fraunce, which was entered 
 on the Stationers Books, June 11, 1588. See Sign. E. 3. where 
 a part of ftanza 35, canto 4, book the fecond, is accurately 
 cited. Spenfer's poem, we may fuppofe, had been handed 
 about in manufcript ; Marlow perhaps had feen it, and, like 
 Bayes, entered this admirable fimile into his book of Drama 
 common-places ; and, by leaving out a few words, or putting in 
 others of his own, the bufinefs was done ! I fubjoin the fimile, 
 ^ cited by Mr. Steevens, from the bluftering Tamburlaine : 
 '* Like to an almond-tree ymounted high 
 " Upon the lofty and celeftial mount 
 ** Of ever-green Selinis, quaintly deck'd 
 " With bloom more bright than Erycina's brows ; 
 " Whofe tender bloflbms tremble every one 
 '* At every little breath from heaven is blown." Todd,
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. f^$ 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 Ilis warlike (hleld all clofely cover'd was, 
 Ne might of mortall eye be ever feene ; 
 Not made of fleele, nor of enduring bras, 
 (Such earthly mettals foon confumed beene,) 
 But all of diamond perfect pure and cleene 
 It framed was, one mafly entire mould, 
 Hew'n out of adamant rocke with engines 
 
 keene, 
 That point of fpeare it never percen could, 
 Ne dint of direfull fword divide the fubftance 
 would. 
 
 XXXIV. 
 The fame to wight he never wont difclofe, 
 
 XXXIII. 5. pure and cleene] Mr. Upton 
 
 propofes to reo-AJheene inftead of cleene. But if this alteration 
 is necefl'ary here, is it not likewife equally fo in the following 
 verfes, F. Q. i. i. 58. 
 
 " And that bright towre all built of cryftall cleene." 
 Again, i. ix. 4. 
 
 " the river Dee, as filver cleene" 
 
 And, in Sonnet 45. 
 
 " Leave lady in your glafle of cryftal cleene." 
 Harington, in a tranflation of an epigram of James I. on Sir 
 Philip Sidney's death, ufes clean as an epithet to Venus's 
 carknet, i. e. necklace. See his Notes on Orl. Fur. B. 37- 
 
 " She threw away her rings and carknet cleene." 
 In Chaucer clean is attributed to fun-beams, Tr. and Cr, 
 h. 5. v.g. 
 
 " The golden treflid Phoebus high on lofte 
 
 " Thryis had with his bemis dene 
 
 " The fnowis molte." 
 The printed copies read clere. But the poet manifeftly wrote 
 clt7ie, to make out the rhyme with grene, and quene ; and 
 dene is the reading in a manufcript of Troilus and Crejida^ 
 formerly belonging to Sir H. Spelman, T. Waktox. 
 
 XXXIV. 1. The fame to wight &cc.] In hi* defcriptiqn of 
 
 c 4
 
 i4 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 But whenas monfters huge he Mould difmay, 
 Or daunt unequall armies of his foes, 
 Or when the flying heavens he would affray : 
 For fo exceeding ihone his gliftring ray, 
 That Phrebus golden face it did attaint, 
 As when a cloud his beames doth over-lay ; 
 And filver Cynthia wexed pale and faynt, 
 As when her face is flavnd with magicke arts 
 conftraint. 
 
 this ftiield, he feems to have had in view the ^Egis of Jupiter 
 and Minerva, //. p'. 5.93 &c. See alfo Valerius Flaccus, L. vi, 
 3.96 et feq. What he lays oi frightening the heavens, &c. is in 
 the Ityle of Statins, Thcb. vii. 45. 
 
 " Lasditur adverfum Pha^bi jubar, ipfaqjie fedem 
 " Lux timet, et dirus contrijtat fidera fulgor." 
 And Theb. vi. 665. 
 
 " Qualis Briftoniis cUpeus Mavortis in arvis 
 " I-uce mala Pangasa (ent, /olemque refulgais 
 " Territaf " 
 '^Vhen he lays that Prince Arthur was too brave to make ufe 
 of his fliield uncovered, vnlcfs vpon extraordinary occqfions, he 
 feems to have had Perfeus in view. Ovid, Met. v. 177. 
 " ^'erum ubi virtutem turbae fuccumbere vidit, 
 " Auxilium, Perfeus, quoniam fic cogitis ipfi, 
 " Dixit, ab hofte petam : vultus avertite veftros, 
 " Si quis amicus adeft : et Gorgonis extulit ora." 
 
 JORTIN. 
 
 This is rather the fhield of Atlanta, Orl. Tiir. C. ii. ft. 55. 
 
 " D'un bello drappo di feta avea coperto 
 
 " Lo fcudo in braccio il cavalier celefte. 
 
 " Come avefle, non fo, tanto fofferto 
 
 " Di tenerlo nafcofto in quclla vefte ; 
 
 " Ch' immantinente, che lo moftra aperto, 
 
 " Forza e chi '1 mira abbarbagliato refte, 
 
 " E cada, come coi-po morto cade." T. WARTOif. 
 XXXI^^ 7. As uhen a cloud &c.] See F. Q. vii. vi. 16. 
 This opinion of the ancients is well expreffed in Par. Lojl, B, 
 ii. 66Q, &CC. Church.
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. fii 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 No magicke arts hereof had any might, 
 
 Nor bloody wordes of bold Enchaunters call; 
 But all that was not fiich as ieemd in fight 
 Before that fliield did fade, and fuddeine fall : 
 And, when him lift the raikall routes ap- 
 pall, 
 Men into ftones therewith he could tranfmew, 
 And ftones to duft, and duft to nought at all; 
 And, when him lift the prouder lookes fubdew, 
 
 He would them gazing blind, or turne to other 
 
 hew. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 Ne let it feeme that credence this exceedes ; 
 
 For he, that made the fame, was knowne 
 
 right well 
 To have done much more admirable deedes : 
 It Merlin was, which whylome did excell 
 All living wightes in might of magicke fpell : 
 Both fliield, and fword, and armour all he 
 
 wrought 
 For this young Prince, when firft to armes 
 
 he fell ; 
 But, when he dyde, the Faery Queene it 
 
 brought 
 To Faerie lond ; where yet it may be feene, if 
 
 fought. 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 A gentle youth, his dearely loved Squire,
 
 g5 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I, 
 
 His fpeare of heben wood behind him bare, 
 "Whole harmeful head, thrife heated in the fire, 
 Had riven many a breft with pikehead fquare ; 
 A goodly perfon ; and could menage faire 
 His ftubborne fteed with curbed canon bitt, 
 Who under him did trample as the aire. 
 And chauft, that any on his backe fhould fitt ; 
 The yron rowels into frothy fome he bitt. 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 
 Whenas this Knight nigh to the Lady drew. 
 With lovely court he gan her entertaine ; 
 
 XXXVII, 2. His fpeare of heben wood] Prince Arthur's 
 fpear was made of the black ebont/ U'Ood, fays Spenfer. Jeffrj' of 
 Monmouth, and the romance writer of the life of prince Arthur, 
 tell us the name of his fpear was called Roan ; from its tawny, 
 blackifh caft ; which comes from Ravus, ravanus, rovano, roano, 
 roan. Upton. 
 
 XXXVII. 6. "with curbed canon] The canon is 
 
 that, part of a horfe-bitt which is let into the mouth. 
 
 Church. 
 
 XXXVII. 7. did trample as the aire,] The firft 
 
 edition reads amble, which the edition of 1751 and Mr. Church 
 follow ; and Mr. Church remarks that " the ambling of a horfe 
 well reprefents the undulation of the air." But trample, the 
 reading of the fecond edition, was moft probably, as Mr. Upton 
 obferves, Spenfer's correction. " He never," fays the indig- 
 nant critick,/* fet his honoured Squire upon an ambling nag ; 
 but trawpUng the ground is very poetical. See F, Q. i. v. 28, 
 ii. i. 7. And Virgil, Georg. iii. 88, ^n. viii. 596." Every other 
 edition alfo reads trample. 
 
 In chivalry, however, the ambling nag is not unnoticed. See 
 De St. Palaye's Mem. fur L'Anc. Chevalerie, Mem. de 1' Acad, 
 des Infcript. torn. xx. p. 6'06 : Speaking of the Squires attend- 
 ing their mafter : " D'autres portoient Ion pennon, fa lance, & 
 fon epee ; mais, lorfq' il etoit feulement en route, il ue montoit 
 <)u'un cheval d' une allure aifee & commode, roullin, courtant, 
 thecal mnblant ou d' amble, &c." Todo.
 
 CANTO VI r. THE FAERIE QUEENE. if 
 
 But, when he heard her aunfwers loth, he knew 
 Some fecret forrow did her heart diftrahie : 
 Which to allay, and calme her florming paine, 
 Faire feeling words he wifely gan difplay, 
 And, for her humor fitting purpofe faine. 
 To tempt the caufe it felfe for to bewray ; 
 Wherewith enmovd, thefe bleeding words ihe 
 gan to fay ; 
 
 XXXIX. 
 
 *' What worlds delight, or ioy of living fpeach, 
 Can hart, fo plungd in fea of forrowes deep. 
 And heaped with fo huge misfortunes, reach? 
 The carefull Cold beginneth for to creep, 
 And in my heart his yron arrow fteep, 
 Soone as I thinke upon my bitter bale. 
 Such helplefle harmes yts better hidden keep, 
 Then rip up griefe, where it may not availe ; 
 
 My laft left comfort is my woes to weepe and 
 waile/' 
 
 XXXVIII. 9. JFherewith enmovd,] So the firft quarto 
 reads, which moft editions follow. The fecond, hovvever, 
 reads emmovd, which is preferred by Mr. Church. But en- 
 movcd is more in Spenfer's manner. See the note on enmovd^ 
 F. Q. i. ix. 48. Todd. 
 
 XXXIX. 4. The carefull Cold] This expreffion The care- 
 full cold he has in his Shep. Calend. December, " The carefull 
 
 cold hath nipt my rugged rinde." Spenfer's friend, in his 
 notes, obferves that cold is named carefull becaufe care is faid 
 to cool the blood. He frequently has the fame allufion. See 
 F. Q. i. vi. 37, i. vii. 22-, ii. i. 42, &c. So Homer, and Heaod, 
 wa^vBTai iirof. And Euripides, Hippol. 803. 
 
 Kvicn irot.yju^iia h 'tto av^A,'poDS.<; Tivo? ; UptON. 
 
 XXXIX. ^. My lall left comfort is\ The greateji comfort
 
 38 THE ITAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 XL. 
 
 " Ah Lady deare," quoth then the gentle Knight, 
 " Well may I ween your griefe is wondrous 
 
 great ; 
 For wondrous great griefe groneth in my 
 
 fpright, 
 Whiles thus I heare you of your forrowes 
 
 treat. 
 
 But, woefuU Lady, let me you intrete 
 
 For to unfold the anguiih of your hart : 
 
 Miftiaps are maiftred by advice difcrete, 
 
 And counfell mitigates the greateft fmart ; 
 
 Found never help, who never would his hurts 
 
 impart." 
 
 XLI. 
 
 *' O ! but,'' quoth flie, " great griefe will not 
 
 be tould. 
 And can more eafily be thought then faid." 
 " Right fo," quoth he ; " but he, that never 
 
 would. 
 Could never: will to might gives greateft aid." 
 " But griefe,'' quoth ilie, " does greater grow 
 
 difplaid. 
 If then it find not helpe, and breeds defpaire." 
 
 which is left to me is &c. So, in Sonnet 74. " My live's lajl 
 ornament," i. e. greateft. So Chaucer, p. 130. edit. Urr. 
 " O doughtir mine, which that art my lajl wd, 
 " And in my life my lajle joye alfo !" Church. 
 XLI. 1. 0/ but, quoth Jhe, great griefe -will not be tould^ 
 Seneca, Hippol. Co*. 
 
 ** Cura; leves loquuntur, ingentes ftupent." Uptok.
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. $9 
 
 " Defpaire breeds not/' quoth he, " where 
 
 faith is ftaid." 
 No faith fo faft/' quoth fhe, " but flefh 
 does paire/' 
 " Fleih may empaire/' quoth he, " but reafon 
 can repaire/' 
 
 XLir. 
 His goodly reafon, and well-guided fpeach. 
 So deepe did fettle in her gracious thought, 
 That her perfwaded to difclofe the breach 
 ^Vhich love and fortune in her heart had 
 
 wrought ; 
 And faid ; " Faire fir, I hope good hap hath 
 
 brought 
 You to inquere the fecrets of my griefe ; 
 Or that your wifdome Mdll dire6t my thought; 
 Or that your prowefTe can me yield reliefe ; 
 Then heare the flory fad, which I fhall tell you 
 briefe. 
 
 XLIII, 
 
 ' The forlorne Maiden, whom your eies have 
 feene 
 The laughing flocke of Fortunes mockeries. 
 Am th* onely daughter of a king and queene, 
 Whofe parents deare (whiles equal deflinies 
 Did ronne about, and their felicities 
 The favourable heavens did not envy,) 
 Did fpred their rule through all the terri- 
 tories,
 
 30 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Which Phifon and Euphrates floweth by. 
 And Gehons golden waves doe wafli continually : 
 
 XLIV. 
 
 " Till that their cruell curfed enemy, 
 
 An huge great Dragon, horrible in fight, 
 Bred in the loathly lakes of Tartary, 
 
 / XLIII. 8. Which Phifon and Euphrates Jfowcfh bij, 
 
 And Gehons golden tiY/rc*] I'ijon is one of the 
 rivers of Paradife, Gen. ii. 11. " The name of the fecond river 
 is Gihon," ver. 13. " And the fourth river is Euphrates," ver. 
 14. He omits the name of one of the rivers : and fpells (ac- 
 cording to his cuflom) fearce any according to aiodern or the 
 nfual fpelling. Should he not rather have iaid ? 
 
 " Which Gehon and Euphrates floweth by, 
 " And Phifous golden waves " 
 In allufion to Gen. ii. v. 11, 12. But Spenfer feems to havef 
 been determined by the iteration of the letters, Gehon'a gulden 
 leaves. Upton. 
 
 XLIV. 3. Bred in the loathly lakes of Tartaiy,] The poet 
 (hould not have ufed Tartary here for Tartarus, as it might 
 be fo eafily miftaken for the country of that name. He has 
 committed the fame fault in Virgil's Gnai, ft. 68. 
 
 " Laftly the fqualid lakes of Tartarie." T, Warton. 
 Dr. Jortin has made the fame objection. See his Remarks 
 on Spenfer, p, 147. But let us attend to the unuoticed ufe of 
 the word in Virgil's Gnat, ft. 56'. 
 
 " the burning waves of Phlegeton, 
 
 " And deep-dig'd vaults, and Tartar covered 
 " With bloody night ike." 
 Here Tartary is converted, by the omiffion of the laft letter, 
 into Tartar. And thus Shakfpeare, K. lien. V. A. ii, S. ii. 
 " If that fame dcemon, that hath guU'd thee thus, 
 " Should with his lion gait walk the whole world, 
 " He might return to vafty Tartar back, 
 " And tell the legions" 
 So that Tartary or Tartar was probably the common word for 
 Aell in the age of Spenfer and Shakfpeare. I may confirm my 
 obfervation by Nafli's ridiculous addrefs to the devil, in his 
 Fierce Pennilejj'e &c. 1595. " To the high and mightie Prince 
 of darknefle, Donfell dell Lucifer, King of Acheron, Stix, and 
 Phlegeton ; Duke of Tartary ; Marciuefl'e of Cocytus, aud 
 Lord high Kegeut of LymbO; fijc." Todd.
 
 CANTO Vir. THE FAERIE QUEENE. {5*1 
 
 AVith murdrous ravine, and devouring might, 
 Their kingdoms fpoild, and countrey walled 
 
 quight : 
 Themfelv^es, for feare into his iawes to fall, 
 He forft to caflle ftrong to take their flight ; 
 Where, faft embard in mighty brafen wall. 
 He has them now fowr years beiiegd to make 
 
 them thrall. 
 
 XLV. 
 
 ** Full many Knights, adventurous and flout. 
 Have enterpriz'd that Monfter to fubdew : 
 From every coaft, that heaven walks about. 
 Have thither come the noble martial crew. 
 That famous harde atchievements Itill purfew; 
 Yet never any could that girlond win, 
 But all flill flironke; and flill he greater 
 
 grew : 
 All they for want of faith, or guilt of lin. 
 The pitteous pray of his fiers cruelty have bin, 
 
 XLVI. 
 ^* At laft, yled with far reported praife. 
 
 Which flying fame throughout the world had 
 
 fpred. 
 Of doughty Knights, whom Fary land did 
 
 raife, 
 That noble order hight of Maidenhed, 
 
 XLVI. 4, That noble order hight of Maideulied,] Named 
 Knights of the Garter: This be does uot fay diredly ; but the
 
 32 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Forthwith to court of Gloriane I fped. 
 Of Gloriane, great queene of glory bright, 
 AVhofe kingdomes feat Cleopohs is red ; 
 There to obtaine fome fuch redoubted 
 Knight, 
 That parents deare from tyrants powre dehver 
 might. 
 
 XLVII. 
 
 " Yt was my chaunce (my chaunce was faire 
 and good) 
 There for to find a frefti unproved Knight ; 
 Whofe manly hands imbrewd in guilty blood 
 Had never beene, ne ever by his might 
 Had throwne to ground the unregarded 
 
 right : 
 Yet of his prowefle proofe he fmce hath 
 
 made 
 (I witnes am) in many a cruell fight ; 
 The groning ghofts of many one difmaide 
 Have felt the bitter dint of his avenging blade. 
 
 noble order of ^Maidenhead ; complimenting the Fairy Queen 
 or Q. Elizabeth. I think 'tis plain that our poet intended hif- 
 torical as well as moral allufions. Cleopohs in the moral 
 allegory is the city of glory ; in the hiftorical, the city of Q. 
 Elizabeth.' Upton. 
 
 XLVII. 2. a frejh unproved Knight \\ As yet 
 
 untried in battle. See the fixth verfe. See alfo F. Q. i. i. 3. 
 " His new force to learne." Todd. 
 
 XLVII. 9. the hitter dint] Stroke. See before, 
 
 il- 29> ft. 33, and many other places. Milton ufes the word, 
 Par.LoJl, B. ii. 813. Todd.
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 33 
 
 XLVIII. 
 
 " And ye, the forlorne reliques of his powre, 
 His biting fword, and his devouring fpeare. 
 Which have endured many a dreadful! ftowre. 
 Can fpeake his proweffe, that did earft you 
 
 beare, 
 And well could rule ; now he hath left you 
 
 heare 
 To be the record of his rueful! lofTe, 
 And of my doleful! difaventurous deare : 
 O heavie record of the good Redcrofle, 
 
 XLVIII. 1. And ye, the forlorne reliques of his powre, 
 
 His biting fword, and his devouring fpeare,^ 
 Tliis apoftrophe of Una to her Knight's fword and fpear is not 
 without its elegance and pathos. " His biting fword," is from 
 Horace, L. iv. Od. 6. " Ille mordaci velut iota ferro." " His 
 devouring fpear," from Scripture. " My fword Ihall devour 
 flefli," Dcut. xxxii. 42. Upton. 
 
 Biting fword, however, is a frequent phrafe in Chaucer. See 
 ]\Jr. Warton's note on F. Q. ii. ii. 22. Todd. 
 
 XLVIII. 7- And of 7ny dolefull difaventurous deare :] Dif 
 atenturous is according to the ancient mode of fpelling, and 
 is therefore incorrectly cited by Dr. Johnfon, in his Diction- 
 ary, under the folitary inftance of difadvcnturous. See note on 
 dijj'aventures F. Q. i. ix. 45. 
 
 Deare is apparently ufed for hurt, trouble, or misfortune ; in 
 which fenfe Mr. Upton has noticed the frequent occurrence of 
 the adjeftive in Shakfpeare ; as in Hamlet : 
 
 " Would I had met my deareji foe in heaven." 
 Dr. Johnfon gives feveral examples of dear, or deer, for fad, 
 hatefull. In the Weft of England dear'd is ufed for hurried, 
 frightened. See Exm. Dial. In the Lancafhire dialec^t, ac- 
 cording to Mr. Upton, to deere is ftill ufed for to hurt. And 
 G. Douglas ufes dere in the fame fenfe. See Glofl'. to his 
 A'irgil, V. Dere, and Dirling, Anglo-Saxon dere, and Belgick 
 deeren, nocere, to hurt. The later commentators on Shakfpeare 
 conlider dear as imjuediate, cunfequential, in the pafl'age above 
 cited. Todd. 
 
 VOL. III. D
 
 v/ 
 
 34 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 AVhere have yee left your lord, that could fo 
 well you tofle ? 
 
 XLIX. 
 
 " Well hoped I, and faire beginnings had, 
 That he my captive languor fliould redeeme : 
 Till all unweeting an Enchaunter bad 
 His fence abufd, and made him to mifdeeme 
 My loyalty, not fuch as it did feeme, 
 That rather death defire then fuch defpight. 
 Be iudge, ye heavens, that all things right 
 
 efteeme, 
 How 1 him lov'd, and love with all my might 1 
 
 So thought I eke of him, and think I thought 
 
 aright. 
 
 L. 
 " Thenceforth me defolate he quite forfooke. 
 To wander, where wilde Fortune would ma 
 
 lead, 
 And other bywaies he himfelfe betooke, 
 
 XLIX. 3. an Enchaunter had 
 
 His fence abufd,] See F. Q. i. i. 47. Take notice 
 how Una apoftrophizes in ft. 48. her beloved Redcrofle Knight's 
 fword and fpear ; here detefting the thought, that her honour 
 ihould be mifdeemed, ftie apoftrophizes the heavens, 
 
 " Be judge, ye heavens, that all things right efteeme, 
 How I him lov'd " 
 This is exadly after the manner, and indeed feems an imita- 
 tion, of \'irg. JEn. ii. 431, where iilneas makes a folemn pro- 
 teftation of his loyalty to the caufe of Troy ; of which pallage 
 there is a very elegant imitation in Taflb, C, viii, 24. And 
 Milton has followed both Virgil, and Taftb, in Far. Loji, B. i. 
 (>35, &c. Upton. 
 
 L. 3. And other bj/waics &ic.} See Prov. ii. l6. Church*
 
 CAXTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEE>rE. 35 
 
 Where never foote of living wight did tread, 
 That brought not backe the balefull body 
 
 dead ; 
 Jn which -him chaunced falfe DuefTa meete, 
 IMine ohely foe, mine onelj deadly dread ; 
 Who with her witchcraft, and mifleeming 
 
 fweete, 
 Inveigled him to follow her defires immeete. 
 
 LI. 
 
 " At laft, by fubtile fleights flie him betraid 
 Unto his foe, a Gyaunt huge and tall ; 
 Who him difarmed, dilTolute, difmaid, 
 Unwares furprifed, and with mighty mall 
 The monfter mercileffe him made to fall, 
 W hofe fall did never foe before behold : 
 And now in darkefome duno-eon, wretched 
 
 thrall, 
 Rem6dileire, for aie he doth him hold : 
 
 li. 5. That brought not backe the balefull body dead ;] Not 
 literally; for this had been laying, Where never //rig- creature 
 went, but he came back dead. But he is fcriptural in his ex- 
 prefTions; and he means fuch as are in a Hate of fpiritual 
 death ; for this is the allegory. " You hath he quickened who ^ 
 were dead in trefpafles &c." EpkeC. ii. ! Upton. 
 
 L, 7. Mine onely foe,] That is, my greateji foe. So, in 
 F. Q. i. X. 3. " Whofe owe/?/ joy." Again, ii. i. 2. 
 
 " His onely hart-fore, and his onely foe." Church. 
 
 LI. 4. "with mighty mall] Mallet, according 
 
 to Mr. Church, from the Lat. malleus. Dr. Johnfon interprets 
 it as a blow, and adds alfo, from Hiidibras ; 
 " Give that reverend head a mall 
 ** Of two, or three, againft a wall." 
 Mell is a Northern word for mallet, fays Ray. Todd. 
 
 LI. 8. Remedileffe,] Remedilefe is here accented on the 
 
 D 2
 
 S6 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 This is my caufe of griefe, more great then may 
 be told." 
 
 LIT. 
 
 Ere fhe had ended all, ihe gan to faint: 
 But he her comforted, and faire befpake ; 
 " Certes, Madame, ye have great caufe of 
 
 plaint, 
 That ftouteft heart, I weene, could caufe to 
 
 quake. 
 But be of cheare, and comfort to you take ; 
 For, till I have acquit your captive Knight, 
 Affure your felfe, I will you not forfake." 
 His chearefuU words revived her chearelelTe 
 
 fpright : 
 So forth they went, the Dwarfe them guiding 
 
 ever right. 
 
 fecond fyllable. See alfo F. Q. i. v. 36, in. xii. 34. Milton 
 thus accents the word, Ode Circumcif. v. 17, 
 
 " For we, by rightful doom rcmedilefs." 
 See alfo Far. Loji, B. ix. (Jip. But with the accent on the firfl; 
 fyllable, in Sanif. Agon. v. 648. Todd. 
 
 LII. 3. Certes, INIadame,] Spenfer, I think, conftantly 
 ufes the French pronunciation, in words borrowed from that 
 language ; particularly, in F. Q. iii, x. 8. 
 
 " Branfles, ballads, virelayes " Church. 
 
 LII. 6. For, till I have acquit] llcleaftd. Fr. acquitter. 
 See the firft ftanza of the next Canto. Church.
 
 CANTO VIII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 37 
 
 CANTO VIII, 
 
 Fawe Virgin, to redeeme her deare, 
 
 Brings Arthure to tliejight : 
 Whojlaycs the Gyaunt, wounds the Beqfi, 
 
 Andjii'ips DueJJa quight. 
 
 I. 
 AY me, how many perils doe enfold 
 
 The righteous man, to make him daily fall. 
 Were not that heavenly grace doth him 
 
 uphold. 
 And ftedfaft Truth acquite him out of all ! 
 Her love is firme, her care continuall. 
 So oft as he, through his own foolilli pride^ 
 Or weaknes, is to fmfull bands made thrall : 
 Els fhould this Redcroffe Knight in bands 
 have dyde. 
 For whofe deliverance Ihe this Prince doth 
 thether guyd. 
 
 I. 2. The righteous man,"] Mrr'Church reads, " That 
 righteous man ;" and fays, that the pafiage was " fo intended 
 to be corrected in the Errata of the firft edition, but that even 
 there we find an Erratum, the words being tranfpofed thus, 
 that the inllead of the that." 
 
 But the Erratum, I apprehend, was intended for the Argu- 
 ment ; viz. for " that Gyaunt," read " the Gyaunt.'^ And fo 
 Mr. Upton appears to have underftood it. And Tonfon's 
 edition reads the in both phices. All the editions, except Mr. 
 Church's, read " The righteous rnan.'' Hughes joins with 
 him, however, in reading " that Gyaunt." Todd. 
 
 D 3
 
 38 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 If- 
 
 They faclly traveild thus, iintill they came 
 Nigh to a caftle builded ftrong and hye : 
 Then cryde the Dvvarfe, " Lo ! yonder is 
 
 the fame, 
 In which my Lord, my Liege, doth luckleffe ly 
 Thrall to that Gyaunts hateful! tyranny : 
 Therefore, deare lir, your mightie povvres 
 
 aiTay/' 
 The noble Knight alighted by and by 
 From loftie Iteed, and badd the Ladie ftay, 
 
 To fee what end of fight (hould him befall that 
 
 day. 
 
 III. 
 So with his Squire, th' admirer of his might, 
 He marched forth towardes that caftle wall ; 
 Whofe gates he fownd faft Ihutt, ne living 
 wight 
 
 II. 7. by and by] Trefently. Conftantly 
 
 fo uled by Spenfer. Church. 
 
 J II. 1. So with his Squire, th' admirer of his might, 1 The 
 reader will here notice the propriety of the expreilion, " th' 
 admirer of his might." It alludes to the excellent leflbns of 
 courtefy and valour which the Squires were taught, in the 
 ancient feats and cal'tles of the nobility and gentry, by the 
 condud and example of their ISIafters. See De St. Palaye's 
 Mem. concern. L'Anciame Chevalerie, dans Mem. de I'Acad, 
 Royale des Infcriptioi^s, torn. xx. p. 604. " Dans ce nouvel 
 etat d'Ecin/cr, ou Ton parvenoit d' ordinaire a 1' age de quatorze. 
 ans, les jeunes elhes approchant de plus pres la perfonne de 
 leurs Seigneurs & de leurs Dames, admis avec plus de con- 
 fiance de familiarite dans leurs entretiens & dans leurs aflem- 
 blees, pouvoient encore mieux profiter dcs modeles fur lefqueh 
 Us devoieutfe former; ils apportoient plus d' application k les 
 etudier, &c." Todd.
 
 CANTO VIII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. S9 
 
 To warde the fame, nor anfwere commers call. 
 Then tooke that Squire an home of bugle 
 
 fmall, 
 Which hong adowne his fide in twifted gold 
 And taffelles gay ; wyde wonders over all 
 Of that fame homes great vertues weren told, 
 Which had approved bene in ufes manifold. 
 
 III. 7. "wyde wonders oxer all 
 
 Of that fame homes great vertues weren told. 
 Which had approved bene &c.] This horn, with its 
 miraculous effects, is borrowed from that which Logiftilla pre- 
 fents to Aftolfo, Orl. Fur. C. xv. 15. 
 
 " Dico che '1 corno e di orribil fuono, 
 *' Che ovunque s' ode fa fuggir la gente : 
 " Non puo trovarfi &c." 
 I wonder Spenfer fhould have made fo little ufe of this horn. 
 He has not fcrupled to introduce the fhield before-mentioned, 
 though as manifeftly borrowed from Ariofto, upon various 
 occafions. 
 
 Turpin mentions a wonderful horn which belonged to Ro- 
 land, Hijl. Car. Mag. cap. 23. Olaus Magnus relates, that 
 this horn, which was called Olivant, was won, together with 
 the fword Ditrendu, fo much celebrated in Ariofto, from the 
 giant Jatmundus by Roland; that its miraculous effects were 
 frequently fung by the old Iflandick bards in their fpirited 
 odes ; and that it might be heard at the diftance of twenty 
 miles, De Aureo Cornu, &c. Hafniae, 1541, pp. 27, 29- Thus, 
 in conformity to the laft circumttance, in Don Quixote we are 
 told, that in Ronfcevalles, where Charlemagne was defeated, 
 Orlando's horn was to be feen as big as a great beam. The 
 founding a horn was a common expedient for diffolving an en- 
 chantment. Cervantes alludes to this incident of romance, 
 where the Devil's horn is founded as a prelude to the difen- 
 chanting of Dulcinea. Boyardo and Berni have both their 
 magical horns. Virgil's Aledto's horn is as high and extrava- 
 gant, as any thing of the kind in romance, /E?t. vii. 513, et feq. 
 
 T. Wauton. 
 A horn of great virtue, borrowed probably from fome more 
 ancient romance, is alfo mentioned in The Famous Hijt. of 
 Falmendos, Son to Falmerin D'Oliva, ch. iii. Where Belcjur 
 
 p 4
 
 40 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Was never wight that heard that (hriUing fownci, 
 Bat trembhng feare did feel in every vaine : 
 Three miles it might be eafy heard arownd, 
 And ecchoes three aunlwer'd it I'elfe againe : 
 No faull'e enchauntment, nor deceiptfull 
 
 traine, 
 ]Might once abide the terror of that blaft, 
 But prefently was void and wholly vaine : 
 No gate fo ftrong, no locke fo firme and 
 Mi, 
 
 But with that percing noife flew open quite, or 
 
 brad, 
 
 V. 
 The fame before the Geaunts gate he blew, 
 That all the caftle quaked from the grownd, 
 And every dore of free-will open flew. 
 The Gyaunt i'elfe difmaied with that fbwnd, 
 Where he with his Dueffa dalliaunce fownd. 
 
 fights a cnicU combat with him that defends the bridge : 
 " Though the combat was fierce and cruel, yet could no want 
 of courage be diiberned in him; which fell not out fo with the 
 guardaut of the bridge, becaufe the lofie of his bloud fo 
 weakened him, as his heart began utterly t<) difmay. But an 
 ill favourtd Dwarf, who never ftirs from the beacon of the firft 
 turret, to difcover fuch Knights as come along the field ; by 
 uiiidiiig an cnchaujiti-d horn that hung about his neck, therewith 
 fo revived the Knights ftrength again, as if he had but even 
 then entred the combat." With the found of this horn, the 
 Dwarf repeatedly renews the ftrength of the guardant of the 
 bridge. Todd. 
 
 IV. 1. Was never xiight &c.] See the note on F. Q. i. iii. 4. 
 ** Did never raortall eye &c." Todd.
 
 CAXTO Vlfl. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 41 
 
 111 haft came ruftiing forth from inner bowre. 
 With ftaring countenance fterne, as one 
 
 aftownd, 
 And ftaggering fteps, to wcet what fuddein 
 
 (tow re 
 Had wrought that horror ftrange, and dar'd his 
 
 dreaded powre. 
 
 VI. 
 And after him the proud Dueffa came, 
 
 High mounted on her many-headed Beaft ; 
 And every head with tyrie tongue did flame, 
 And every head was crowned on his creaft, 
 And bloody mouthed with late cruell feaft. 
 That when the Knight beheld, his mightie 
 fliild 
 
 V. 6. from inner bowre,] Chamber. So, in 
 
 liis Prothtthiniion, ft. viii. Speaking of the Temple : 
 
 " \Vliere now the ftudious lawyers have their boxccrs." 
 The word is ufed in this fenfe by Chaucer. And Ruddiman, 
 in his Glofl- Douglas's Virgil, thus explains it : " Angl. Sax. 
 Bur, burc, Dan. buur, conclave. Belg. buer, cafa, tugurium. 
 Sk. It is often ufed for a bed-chamber or countrey hoiife, efpe- 
 cially of ladies." It is Duefla's chamber, which the poet here 
 intends. So, Rofamond's boxver is her chamber. See Hift. of 
 Eng. Poetry, 2d. ed. vol. i. p. SO-k Bozcer, how^ever, is often 
 uled in Spenfer, for any apartment. The expreilion, boiver and 
 hall, which occurs in the 29tli ftanza of this canto, is alfo 
 frequent in the Faerie Queene, and appears to have been 
 adopted from the metrical romances. See Mr. ^Varton's 
 note on Milton's Comv.s, ver. 45. Todd. 
 
 VI. 5. And bloodij mouthed &c.] 'Tis plain that this verfe 
 in Spenler is not to be applied to Duelia, but to the beaft ; fee 
 below, ft. 12 ; though in the Revelation 'tis applied to the 
 i'carlet whore, Tlie allufion, and allegory, however, is the 
 fame : And the proteftant reader will at once call to mind 
 jjypal inquilitions and religious muftacres. Uptok.
 
 42 THE FAERIE QUEENE- BOOK I 
 
 Upon his manly arme he foone addreft, 
 And at him fierflj fiew, with corage fild, 
 And eger greedinefFe through every member 
 thrild. 
 
 VII. 
 
 Therewith the Gyaunt buckled him to fight, 
 Inflamd with fcornefuU wrath and high dif- 
 
 daine, 
 And lifting up his dreadful! club on hight, - 
 All armd with ragged fnubbes and knottie 
 
 graine, 
 Him thought at firft encounter to have ilaine. 
 But wife and wary Avas that noble Pere ; 
 And, lightly leaping from fo monftrous 
 
 maine, 
 Did fayre avoide the violence him nere ; 
 
 VII. 7. And, lightly leaping &c.] In encounters with gi- 
 gantick adverfaries, the champions of romance ufually difplay 
 this very ferviceable agility. Thus, in Bevis of Hampton, where 
 the giant Afcapart and Bevis fight : 
 
 " Betwixt them two was great fight; 
 
 " Sir Beuis was nimble and light, 
 
 " And ftart his dints fro, &c." 
 And thus Graunde Amoure, fpeaking of his confliA with the 
 giant with three heads, Hawes's Hiji. of Gr. Amoure, 15j4, 
 Sign. V. li. b. 
 
 " Becaufe his ftroke was heauy to beare, 
 
 " I lept afide from him full quickely, 
 
 " And to him I ranne, &c." 
 Again, Sign. Y. ii. b. 
 
 " The mighty g}-aunt his axe did up lift, 
 
 " Upon my heade that the ftroke fhould fall ; 
 
 " But I of him was full trare, and fwift 
 
 " I lept afde, &c." 
 See alfo F. Q. i. vii. 12. Todd.
 
 CANTO VIII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 43 
 
 It booted nought to thinke fucli thunderbolts 
 to beare ; 
 
 VIII. 
 Ne fliame he thought to flionne fo hideous 
 might : 
 The ydle ilroke, enforcing furious way, 
 Milling the marke of his mifaymed light, 
 Did fall to ground, and with his heavy fway 
 So deepely dinted in the driven clay, 
 That three yardes deepe a furrow up did 
 
 throw : 
 The fad earth, wounded with fo fore aflay, 
 Did grone full grievous underneath the blow ; 
 And, trembling with ftrange feare, did like an 
 erthquake lliow. 
 
 IX. 
 
 As when almightie love, in wrathfull mood, 
 
 VIII. 4. Did fall to ground, &c.] Such is the unavailing 
 blow of the giant, levelled at Grauude Anioure, from which, 
 as we have juft feen, he lept ajide : 
 
 " fo that the ftroke withall 
 
 " In the grounde lighted, befide a ftone wall, 
 " Thre fote and more ; and anon then I 
 " Did lepe vnto him, ftrikyng full quickely." 
 A fruitlefs ftroke of the fame kind, aimed at Gerard by a 
 giant, is thus well dcfcribed in Hiji. de tres-noble et chetaleureux 
 Frince Gerard, Comte de Nevers, &c. Par. 1520. " Se Gerard 
 ne fe fuft deftourne, moult grant dommaige lui euft fait pour 
 le coup qui eitoit moult grant & pefant, ,fi vint defcendant 
 comme la fouldre plus d'vng grant pied dedans la terre." Ch. xiii. 
 P. 2d. toDD. 
 
 IX. 1. As xohcn Sec] Longinus would have written a whole 
 chapter on the bolduefs and fublimity of the thoughts and 
 terrible images in this hmilitude. Compare this limile with 
 that in F. Q. iv. yi. 14. See alfo what Pope has oblerved on 
 Homer, //. xiv. 480. Upton.
 
 44 THE FAERIE QUEEN E. BOOK I* 
 
 To wreake the guilt of mortall fins is bent, 
 Hurles forth his thundring dart with deadly 
 
 food, 
 Enrold in flames, and fmouldring dreriment. 
 Through riven cloudes and molten firmament; 
 The fiers threeforked engin, making way, 
 Both loftie towres and higheft trees hath rent. 
 And all that might his angry pafTage ftay ; 
 And, {hooting in the earth, cailes up a mount 
 
 of clay. 
 
 X. 
 His boyftrous club, fo buried in the grownd. 
 
 IX. 2. is bent,] Here is an inaccuracy 
 
 of expreffion: " As when Joie is bent hurls forth the 
 
 engin." He might have laid " j/batt ;" but I do not fuppofe 
 he wrote fo. The fame remark might be made on that funile, 
 F. Q. i. i. 23. " As gentle fliepiieard &c." And on this, 
 F. Q. iv. iv. 47. " Like as in fummers day, Sec." And on 
 forty other phices where the fame want of connection is to be 
 found. JoRTiJf. 
 
 Mr. Church and Mr. Upton think it probable that Spenfer 
 here wrote i/bcnt or ibent. The latter critick, in fupport of this 
 reading, argues that is pent fliould, in like manner, be ipent, 
 F. Q. vi. i. 21, and is broken be ibrokcn, F. Q. v. vi. 14. The 
 conjedure that is bent may be an errour of the prefs, is alfo 
 fupported by Mr. Upton's reference to F. Q. i. ii. 29, where 
 ymounted had Ijeen given by the printer ^//a^ nionntcd. Todd. 
 
 IX. 3. xiith deadly food,] Food is Spenfer's 
 
 way of fpelling feud, which fignifies an irreconcilcable hatred. 
 So all the editions, except Hughes's fecond edition, which here 
 alters the fpelling to feud. See the note on F. Q. ii. i. 3, 
 " deadly /bo(/." Church. 
 
 Tonfon's edition of 17o8 has committed the fame miftake 
 with Hughes's fecond edition, as it here reads /ckJ. Todd. 
 
 IX. 4. fmouldring dreriment;] Darknefs. 
 
 See alfo F. Q. ii. vii. 1. <' And cover'd heaven with hideous 
 dreriment." CiiiKcii.
 
 CANTO VIII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. '45 
 
 He could not rearen up againe fo light, 
 But that the Knight him at adv antage fownd ; 
 And, whiles he ftrove his combred clubbe to 
 
 quight 
 Out of the earth, with blade all burning bright 
 He fmott off his left arme, which like a block 
 ])id fall to ground, deprived of native might ; 
 Large ftreames of blood out of the truncked 
 
 Hock 
 Forth o-ullied, like frefli-water flreamefrom riven 
 
 rocke. 
 
 XI. 
 Difmayed with fo defperate deadly wound, 
 And eke impatient of unwonted payne. 
 He lowdiy brayd with beaftly yelling fownd. 
 That all the fieldes rebellowed againe : 
 As great a noyfe, as when in Cymbrian plaine 
 An heard of bulles, whom kindly rage doth 
 fting, 
 
 X. 4. to quight] Releafe, or difengage, 
 
 as ill F. Q. V. xi. 27- " But when he could not quite it, 6ic." 
 It is here fpelt quight in conformity to tlie rhyme. Todd. 
 
 XI. 6. Anheard<)fh\x\\e^,'\ Bulls ior calves, is a catachrefis, 
 as the rhetoricians call it. Kiudlij rage is, according to nature: 
 Spenfer often ufes the word fo. Jortin. 
 
 The rage and roaring of the wounded Giant is compared, 
 not to the lowing of calves occafioned by hunger, but to the 
 rage and bellowing of bulls who are Jhiiig for want of the mil/,y 
 mother, i. e. the females. Compare F. Q. ii. xii. 3^. Drayton, 
 in his Polyolbion, p. 44, feems to have copied from Spenfer ; 
 
 " Stung with the kindly rage of loves impatient fire.'"' 
 See kindly rages, F. Q. iv. x, 45, and kindly flame, F. Q. iv. 
 Jntrodudl. ft. 2. Church.
 
 46 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK J. 
 
 Doe for the milky mothers want complaine, 
 And fill the fieldes with troublous bellowing : 
 The neighbor woods arownd with hollow mur- 
 mur ring. 
 
 XII. 
 
 That when his deare DuefTa heard, and faw 
 The evil ftownd that daungerd her eftate, 
 Unto his aide ihe haftily did draw 
 Her dreadfull Bead ; who, fwolne with blood 
 
 of late, 
 Came ramping forth with proud prefumpteous 
 
 gate, 
 And threatned all his heades like flaming 
 
 brandes. 
 But him the Squire made quickly to retrate, 
 Encountring fiers v/ith lingle fword in hand ; 
 And twixt him and his Lord did like a bul- 
 
 warke Hand. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 The proud DuefTa, full of wrathfull fpight 
 And fiers difdaine, to be aflironted fo, 
 
 XII. 4. fwolne icith blood of late, 1 In allufion 
 
 to Revel, xvii. 6". " And I faw the woman drunken with the 
 V blood of the faints." Upton. 
 
 XII. 6. like flaming brandee.] The rhyme 
 
 requires t>rawf/. But our poet is not always exad in his triplets. 
 See note on F. Q. i. xii. 39, " \nsfprite." Church. 
 
 XIII.]. full of icrathfull fpight 
 
 J nd fiers difdaine] The Italian poets have fre- 
 quently this expreflion, from whom Spenfer might take it. See 
 Orl. Fur. C. xxvi. 130. 
 
 " E tutta ardendo di difdegno e d' ira." UpToy. 
 
 XIII. 2. . - . to be affronted fo,] To be fo en-
 
 CANTO VITI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 47 
 
 Enforft her purple Beaft with all her might, 
 That flop out of the way to overthroe, 
 Scorning the let of fo unequall foe : 
 But nathemore would that corageous Swayne 
 To her yeeld paflage, gainft his Lord to goe ; 
 But with outrageous flrokes did him reftraine, 
 And with his body bard the v/ay atwixt them 
 
 twaine. 
 
 XIV. 
 Then tooke the angrie Witch her golden cup, 
 Which ftili {lie bore, replete with magick artes ; 
 
 countered, or oppofed. Ital. affrontare. So, in II Cavaliero 
 della Croce, 1559. cap. x. " Come il Soldano fi parti con 
 r efl'ercito per affrontarfi co'l Turco." The word is often thus 
 employed by Spenfer. Shakfpeare and JNlilton ufe it in the 
 fame fenfe. The latter has alio given the like meaning to the 
 fubftantive affront, in his Sam/on Agon. ver. .531. Todd. 
 XIII. 5. f^e let] The hindrance. Church. 
 
 XIII. 6. ' Swayne] Swain is here ufed 
 
 for youth; in which fenfe, as Mr. Church relates from Junius, 
 it is employed by our old Englifh writers, as well as in the 
 fenfe of a fervant engaged in country affairs. In the fame 
 manner the Squires of the French romances are frequently 
 denominated Varlets ; the word varlet, in old French, figni- 
 fying a youth ; which feems to have been converted, in modem 
 French, into valet, a fervant. See Cotgrave's Fr. Did. V. 
 varlet. See alfo De St. Palaye, Mem. ut fupra, p. 5^^. 
 *' Pages, Varlets, ou Damoifeaux ; noms quelquefois communs 
 aux Ecuyers." To d d . 
 
 XIV. 1. her golden c^lp,'\ This witch, and ^ 
 
 harlot, the myftical Babylon, has a golden cvp in her hand, 
 *' full of abominations ; kings and inhabiters of the earth have 
 been made drunk with her wine," Revel, xvii. 2. 4. xviii. 3. 
 See alfo Jerem. li. 7- The golden cup of the witch Circe is 
 mentioned by Homer, Ody^'. vl 3l6". And, in the philofophical 
 picture of Cebes, AIIATH (our poet's Duefla) has a cup re- 
 plete with errour and ignorance, of which all, more or lefs, 
 drink. Upton. 
 
 y
 
 48 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK t. 
 
 Death and defpeyre did many thcTeof fup, 
 
 And fecret poyfon through their inner partes ; 
 
 Th' eternal! bale of heavie wounded harts : 
 
 Which, after charmes and fome enchaunt- 
 
 ments faid, 
 
 She lightly fpriiikled on his weaker partes : 
 
 Therewith his fturdie corage foon was quayd. 
 
 And all his fences were with fuddein dread dif- 
 
 mayd. 
 
 XV. 
 
 So downe he fell before the cruell Beaft, 
 Who on his neck his bloody claw es did feize, 
 That life nigh cruflit out of his panting breft : 
 No powre he had to ftirre, nor will to rize. 
 That when the carefuU Knight gan well avife, 
 He lightly left the foe with whom he fought, 
 And to the Beaft gan turne his enterprife ; 
 For wondrous anirui^i in his hart it wrou;ht, 
 
 To fee his loved Squyre into fuch thraldom 
 brought : 
 
 XVI. 
 And, high advauncing his blood-thirftie blade, 
 
 XIV. 8. ttfl* quayd,] Quailed, i. e.fubdued. 
 
 See the note on qttaile, Y. Q. i. ix. 49- Todd. 
 
 XVI, 1. And, high advauncing; his blood-thirllie blade,] His 
 
 fword thirftie after blood ; blood-thirfty is ufed in the tranlhition 
 
 of the Pjahns, and in Proverbs xxix. 10. 'Tis after Homer's 
 
 ^ manner thus to give energy and life to the fword, arrow, or 
 
 fpear ; and to make it thirfting after blood and greedy of de- 
 
 ilrudion. Claudian has the very fame expreillon, j7iIiufin.i\.23Q. 
 
 " Jam mihi barbaricosy/Z/cw/m pila cruores 
 
 *' Spoute volant." Li'xox.
 
 CANTO Virr. THE FAERIE QVEESE. 49 
 
 Stroke one of thofe deformed heades fo fore, 
 That of his pui0aunce proud enfample made ; 
 His monftrous fcalpe down to his teeth it tore, 
 And that misformed iliape mifshaped more : 
 A fea of blood gulht from the gaping wownd, 
 That her gay garments flaynd with filthy gore, 
 And overflowed all the field arownd; 
 That over (hoes in blood he waded on the 
 
 grownd* 
 
 XVIL 
 Thereat he rored for exceeding pame^ 
 
 That, to have heard, great horror would have 
 
 bred ; 
 And fcourging th' emptie ayre with his long 
 
 traynej 
 Through great impatience of his grieved hed, 
 His gorgeous ryder from her loftie fled 
 Would have caft downe, and trodd in durtj 
 
 my re, 
 Had not the Gyaunt foone her fuccoured ; 
 Who, all enrag'd with fmart and frantick yre. 
 Came hurtling in full fiers, and forfl the Knight 
 
 retyre. 
 
 Xviil. 
 The force, which wont in two to be difperfl. 
 In one alone left hand he now unites, 
 
 XVI. 2. Stroke one of thofe deformed heades] " And I faw 
 one of his heads, as it were, wounded to death," Revel, xiii. 3. \/^ 
 
 Uptom. 
 XVIIIv 2. In one alone left harid] So the firft and fecond 
 
 VOL. III. E
 
 50 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Which is through rage more (Irong than both 
 
 were erft ; 
 With which his hideous club aloft he dites, 
 And at his foe with furious rigor fmites, 
 That ftrongeft oake might feeme to over- 
 throw : 
 The ftroke upon his fliield fo heavie lites. 
 That to the ground it double th him full low: 
 What mortall wight could ever beare fo mon- 
 
 ftrous blow ? 
 
 XIX. 
 And in his fall his fhield, that covered was, 
 Did loofe his vele by chaunce, and open flew ; 
 The light whereof, that hevens light did pas, 
 Such blazing brightneiTe through the ayer 
 
 threw, 
 That eye mote not the fame endure to vew. 
 
 editions, tlie folio, of iGOf), and Hughes's firft edition, read; 
 which is certainly wrong ; for it is faid, ft. 10. 
 
 " He fmott off his left arm " 
 I read, with the folios l6l 1, l6'79> and Hughes's fecond edi- 
 tion, '^ right hsind." Church. 
 
 Mr. Church, I believe, has followed too haftily the erring 
 decifion of thofe editions which read " r?g//^ hand," The poet 
 means left as a participle : the giant has now but one Jingle 
 hand left, in which, however, he unites the force of two. 
 Mr. Upton's edition, and Tonfon's of 1758, follow the original 
 reading, " In one alone left hand." Todd. 
 
 XVIII. 8. That to the ground it doubleth \i\mfull low: ] 
 This is very literally, as well as elegantly, expreffed from 
 Virgil, ^n. xi. 6'44. 
 
 " Latos huic hafta per armos 
 
 " Ada tremit, duplicatque virum transfixa dolore." 
 Homer, II. '. 6l8. l^tii^ ^l isi^uu II. ' 266, U^^tv, 5 y Ihi^t,, 
 
 Upto.
 
 CANTO VIII. THE FAERIE QUEEJTE. 51 
 
 Which when the Gyaunt fpyde with flaring 
 
 eye, 
 lie downe let fall his arme, and foft withdrew 
 His weapon huge, that heaved was on hye 
 For to have (lain the Man, that on the ground 
 
 did lye. 
 
 XX. 
 And eke the fruitfull-headed Beaft, amazd 
 At flalhing beames of that funfliiny (hield, 
 Became ftark blind, and all his fences dazd, 
 That downe he tumbled on the durtie field, 
 And feemd himfelfe as conquered to yield. 
 Whom when his Maiftreffe proud perceived 
 
 to fall, 
 Whiles yet his feeble feet for faintnefTe reeld, 
 Unto the Gyaunt lowdly fhe gan call ; 
 " O ! helpe, Orgoglio ; helpe, or els we perifh 
 
 all." 
 
 XXI. 
 At her fo pitteous cry was much amoov'd 
 Her champion flout; and, for to ayde his 
 
 frend, 
 Againe his wonted angry weapon proov'd. 
 But all in vaine ; for he has redd his end . 
 In that bright fhield, and all their forces fpend 
 Themfelves in vaine : for, fince that glauncing 
 
 fight, 
 
 XXI. 5. all their/orccs] So all the editions. 
 
 Itlhouldbe "/iw forces;" Orgoglio' s. Church. 
 
 E %
 
 52 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 He hath no powre to hurt, nor to defend. 
 As where th' Almighties hghtning brond does 
 Hght, 
 It dimmes the dazed eyen, and daunts the fences 
 
 quight. 
 
 xxir. 
 Whom when the Prince, to batteill new addreft 
 And threatning high his dreadfull flroke, 
 
 did fee, 
 His fparkhng blade about his head he bleft. 
 And fmote off quite his left leg by the knee, 
 That downe he tombled; as an aged tree, 
 High growing on the top of rocky clift, 
 Whofe hart-ftrings with keene fteele nigh 
 
 hewen be ; 
 The mightie trunck halfe rent with ragged rift 
 Doth roll adowne the rocks, and fall wdth feare- 
 full drift. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 Or as a caftle, reared high and round, 
 By fubtile engins and malitious flight 
 Is undermined from the loweft ground. 
 And her foundation forft, and feebled quight, 
 
 XXII. 3. Hisfparkl'mg blade about his head he blejl,"] Virgil, 
 ^11. ix. 4-1-1. " Rotat enfem fulmineum." Upton. 
 
 XXII. 3. as an aged tree, &c.] This finiile 
 
 might have been imitated from Virgil, 3]n. ii. 626, Taffo, Gier. 
 Lib. C. ix. 39, Catullus, In Epitkal. Thet. et Pel. ver. 105, 
 Homer, //. v. 389, Horat. L. iv. Od. 6. Of the fimile of a 
 calHe, iii the next ftanza, fee the note on F. Q. i. ii. 20. 
 
 UPTOiT.
 
 CANTO VIII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 63 
 
 At laft downe falles ; and with her heaped 
 
 hight 
 Her haftie ruine does more heavie make. 
 And yields it felfe unto the vi6tours might : 
 Such was this Gy aunts fall, that feemd to 
 fhake 
 The fledfaft globe of earth, as it for feare did 
 
 quake. 
 
 XXIV. 
 The Knight then, lightly leaping to the pray. 
 With mortall fteele him fmot againe fo fore, 
 That headlefle his unweldy bodie lay. 
 All wallowd in his owne fowle bloody gore. 
 Which flowed from his wounds in wondrous 
 
 ftore. 
 
 But, foone as breath out of his breft did pas, 
 
 That huge great body, which the Gyaunt bore. 
 
 Was vanilht quite ; and of that monftrous mas 
 
 Was nothing left, but like an emptie blader was. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 Whofe grievous fall when falfe DueiTa fpyde, 
 Her golden cup Ihe caft unto the ground, 
 And crowned mitre rudely threw alyde : 
 Such percing griefe her ftubborne hart did 
 wound, 
 
 XXTII. 8. Such -was this Gy aunts fall,'] This is the reading 
 of both Spenfer's editions, and indeed of every fubfequent edi- 
 tion, except Mr. Church's, which gives, (probably by an errour 
 of the prefs, as it is not noticed as a various reading,) " Such 
 was the Gyaunt's fall." Todd. 
 
 E 3
 
 54 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 That (he could not endure that dolefull ftound; 
 But, leaving all behind her, fled away : 
 The light-foot Squyre her quickly turnd 
 
 around. 
 And, by hard meanes enforcing her to flay, 
 So brought unto his Lord, as his deferved pniy. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 The roiall Virgin which beheld from farre, 
 In penfive plight and fad perplexitie, 
 The whole atchievement of this doubtful! 
 
 \varre, 
 Came running fafl to greet his viftorie, 
 AVith fober gladneffe and myld modeltie ; 
 And, with fweet ioyous cheare, him thus be- 
 
 fpake ; 
 " Fayre braunch of noblefTe, flowre of che- 
 
 valrie, 
 That with your worth the world amazed make. 
 How fhall I quite the paynes, ye fuller for my 
 
 fake ? 
 
 XXVII. 
 " And you, frefti budd of vertue fpringing fafl. 
 Whom thefe fad eyes faw nigh unto deaths 
 
 dore, 
 What hath poore Virgin for fuch perill pafl 
 Wherewith you to reward ? Accept therefore 
 My limple felfe, and fervice evermore. 
 
 XXVII. 1. yind you, &c,] Addrefling herfelf to the 
 Squire. Ciiukch.
 
 CANTO VIII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 55 
 
 And He that high does fit, and all things fee 
 With equall eye, their merites to reftore. 
 Behold what ye this day have done for mee ; 
 And, what I cannot quite, requite with ufuree ! 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 " But fith the heavens, and your faire handeling, 
 Have made you mafter of the field this day; 
 Your fortune maifter eke with governing, 
 And, well begonne, end all fo well, I pray ! 
 Ne let that wicked Woman fcape away ; 
 For fhe it is, that did my Lord bethrall, 
 My deareft Lord, and deepe in dongeon lay; 
 Where he his better dayes hath wafted all : 
 
 O heare, how piteous he to you for ayd does 
 
 call r 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 Forthwith he gave in charge unto his Squyre, 
 That fcarlot Whore to keepen carefully ; 
 Whyles he himfelfe with greedie great defyre 
 Into the caftle entred forcibly, 
 Where living creature none he did efpye : 
 Then gan he lowdly through the houfe to call; 
 But no man car'd to anfwere to his crye : 
 There raignd a folemne filence over all ; 
 
 Nor voice was heard, nor wight was feene in 
 bowre or hall ! 
 
 XXIX. 9. Kor voice xvas heard, &c.] This aflfecling image 
 of filence and folitade occurs again, after Britomart had fur- 
 veyed the rich furniture of Bufyrane's houfe, F. Q. iii. xi. 53. 
 
 e4
 
 56 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 At laft, with creeping crooked pace forth came 
 An old old man, with beard as white as fnow; 
 That on a ftafFe his feeble fteps did frame, 
 And guvde his wearie gate both too and fro; 
 For his eye fight him fayled long ygo : 
 And on his arme a bounch of keyes he bore. 
 The which unufed ruft did overgrow : 
 Thofe were the keyes of every inner dore ; 
 
 But he could not them ufe, but kept them ilill 
 in ftore, 
 
 XXXI, 
 But very {mcouth fight was to behold, 
 
 ** But more fhe mervaild that no footings trace 
 ' Nor wight appeard, but waftefuU emptineffe, 
 " And folemne filence over all that place." 
 
 This is finely exprefl'ed : but the circumftauce is common iij 
 
 romance. Thus when Sir Thopas enters the land of Fairie, 
 
 3310, 
 
 " Wherein he fought both north and foyth, 
 ' And oft he fpirid with his mouth, 
 
 " In many a foreft wild ; 
 " But in that countre was there none, 
 " Ne neither wife ne childe." 
 
 But more appofiiely in the old metrical romance oi Syr DegorCf 
 
 preferved in the Bodleian library : 
 
 " He went aboute, and gan to calle 
 *' iBoth in the courte and eke in the halle ; 
 *' Neitlier for love, nor yet for awe, 
 '' Livipg man there noije he fawe," T, Warton. 
 XXX. '>. J/t old old niaji,] Again, F. Q. ii, ix. 55. " At\ 
 
 old old man." Ital. Unfenc vecvhio, fenex vetulus, yi^uv Tra^atoj, 
 
 This exprefiion I have heard in the Weft. Upton. 
 
 This reduplication has been applied to Thomas Parr, the 
 
 celebrated old man of Shropfliire ; of whom an account was 
 
 publifhed, entitled The old old xery old man, 6(C, by Johi^ 
 
 ftt^lor the Water-Poet, in 16"35. Todd,
 
 CANTO VIII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. Si 
 
 How he did faftiion his untoward pace ; 
 
 For as he forward moov'd his footing old, 
 
 So backward flill was turnd his wrincled face : 
 
 UnUke to men, who ever, as they trace, 
 
 Both feet and face one way are wont to lead. 
 
 This was the auncient Keeper of that place. 
 
 And fofter father of the Gyaunt dead ; 
 
 His name Ignaro did his nature right aread. 
 XXXII. 
 
 His reverend heares and holy gravitee 
 
 The Knight much honord, as befeemed well; 
 And gently afkt, where all the people bee, 
 Which in that ftately building wont to dwell : 
 Who anfwerd him full foft, J/e could not tell. 
 Again he afkt, where that fame Knight was 
 layd, 
 
 XXXI. 3. For as he forward moov'd his footing old. 
 
 So backward Jiill was turnd his xvrinckd face :^ 
 This pidure feems plainly taken from the following defcription 
 of the puniOiment which is allotted in hell to foothfayers, and 
 augurs, &c. by Dante, Inf. C. xx. 
 
 " Com' el vifo mi fcefe in lor pivi baflb, 
 " JNIirabilmente apparve efl'er travolto 
 " Chiafcun dal mento al principio del caflb : 
 " Che dalle reni era tomato '1 volto, 
 " E indietro venir li convenia, 
 " Perche '1 veder dinanzi era lor tolto." 
 This punifliment in Dante is proper for thefe hypocrites, who 
 profefl'ed feeing forxcard, and they now fee only backward. 
 But this porter is neither conjurer nor foothfayer ; he is igno- 
 rantly wrong-headed : his name befpeaks his nature, and he is 
 the fofter-father of Orgoglio : i. e. Ignorance is the fofter- 
 father of Pride. The very turn of the verfes, as well as the 
 anfwers of this old man, are highly charadleriilick of his man- 
 pers and nature. Upton.
 
 ^8 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Whom great Orgoglio with his puiflkunce fell 
 Had made his cay tive thrall : Againe he fayde. 
 He could not tell; ne ever other anfwere made. 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 Then aiked he, which way he in might pas : 
 He could not tell, againe he anfwered. 
 Thereat the courteous Knight difpleafed was, 
 And faid ; " Old iyre, it feemes thou haft 
 
 not red 
 How ill it fits with that fame filver hed, 
 In vaine to mocke, or mockt in vaine to bee: 
 But if thou be, as thou art pourtrahed 
 With Natures pen, in ages grave degree, 
 
 Aread in graver wife what I demaund of thee/' 
 XXXIV. 
 
 His anfwere likewife was. He could not tell. 
 Whofe fenceleffe fpeach, and doted ignorance, 
 AVhenas the noble Prince had marked well, 
 He gheft his nature by his countenance ; 
 Andcalm'd his wrath with goodly temperance. 
 
 XXXIII. 8. in ages prate degree,} So, in 
 
 C. X. ft. 9. " In her weaker eld." Spenfer, as the old Englifh 
 poets do, ufes age, or eld, for age in general ; not fimply for 
 old age, as the Gloflaries of Urry, Hughes, and the edition of 
 Spenfer in 1751, explain eld. So Chaucer, p. 45. ver. 1284. 
 edit. Urr. 
 
 " Then feide to them Gamelyn, 
 *' That yonge ivas of eld." 
 And Fairfax, C. vii. 80. 
 
 " The angel good, appointed for the guard 
 *' Of noble Raimond from his tHdr eild." 
 
 Church.
 
 CANTO VIII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 69 
 
 Then, to him flepping, from his arme did 
 
 reache 
 Thofe keyes, and made himfelfe free ente ranee. 
 Each dore he opened without any breach : 
 There was no barre to flop, nor foe him to 
 empeach. 
 
 XXXV. 
 There all within full rich arayd he found, 
 With royall arras, and refplendent gold. 
 And did with ftore of every thing abound, 
 That greatefl princes prefence might behold. 
 But all the floore (too filthy to be told) 
 With blood of guiltleffe babes, and innocents 
 
 trew. 
 Which there were flaine, as flieepe out of 
 
 the fold. 
 Defiled was ; that dreadfull was to vew ; 
 And facred afhes over it was ftrowed new. 
 
 XXXIV. 9. him to empeach.] Hinder. Fr. - 
 
 empecher. Spenfer repeatedly thus fpells the word. Some 
 editions have printed it impeach. So likewife Cotgrave inter- 
 prets empefcher " to hinder, let, impeach, &c." But this fpel- 
 ling confounds the word with impeach, to accvfe. Minflieu 
 however, under impeach, gives us the two fignifications of ac- 
 cvfe and of hinder. Barret, an earlier lexicographer, prefents 
 us with empeach, lb fpelt, as fignifying only to acct/fe. Todd. 
 
 XXXV. 9. And facred aihes] Sacred ajlies, i. e. afhes 
 proftituted to impious and fuperftitious rites, curfed, &c. Thefe 
 afhes were to receive the blood of thofe victims, which cried 
 to God for vengeance. Spenfer, in the following ftanza, ex- 
 prefi'es it very ftrong; 
 
 " Whole bleffed fprites, from underneath the ftone, 
 " To God for vengeanc cryde continually ;'*
 
 60 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 And there befide of marble ftone was built 
 An altare, carv'd with cunning ymagery ; 
 On which trew Chriftians blood was often 
 
 fpilt, 
 And holy martyres often doen to dye, 
 With cruell malice and ftrong tyranny : 
 Whofe blefled fprites, from underneath the 
 
 ftone, 
 To God for vengeance cryde continually ; 
 And with great griefe were often heard to 
 
 grone ; 
 That hardeft heart would bleede to hear their 
 
 piteous mone. 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 Through every rowme he fought, and everie 
 
 bowr ; 
 But no where could he find that wofuU 
 
 Thrall. 
 At laft he came unto an yron doore, 
 That faft was lockt ; but key found not at all 
 Emongft that bounch to open it withall ; 
 But in the fame a little grate was pight, 
 Through which he fent his voyce, and lowd 
 
 did call 
 
 "Which is fcriptural ; " The voice of thy brother's blood crietli 
 vnto me from the ground," Gen. iv. 10. Compare lletel. vi. 9. 
 " I faw tinder the altar the fouls of them that were flain for 
 the word of God, &c." Upton. 
 
 XXXVII. 2. that wofull ThralL] The Red- 
 
 crofle Knight. Church.
 
 CANTO Vlir. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 61 
 
 With all his powre, to weet if living wight 
 AVere houfed therewithin, whom he enlargen 
 might. 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 Therewith an hollow, dreary, murmuring voyce 
 Thefe pitteous plaintes and dolours did re- 
 found ; 
 " O ! who is that, which bringes me happy 
 
 choyce 
 Of death, that here lye dying every ftound, 
 Yet live perforce in balefull darknefle bound ? 
 For now three moones have changed thrice 
 
 their hew, 
 And have been thrice hid underneath the 
 
 ground, 
 Since I the heavens chearefull face did vew : 
 O welcome, thou, that doeft of death bring 
 ty dings trew \" 
 
 XXXIX. 
 Which when that Champion heard, with percing 
 
 point 
 Of pitty deare his hart was thrilled fore ; 
 And trembling horrour ran through every 
 
 ioynt. 
 For ruth of gentle Knight fo fowle forlore : 
 Which {baking off, he rent that yron dore 
 W ith furious force and indignation fell ; 
 Where entred in, his foot could find no flore.
 
 ^2 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 But all a deepe defcent, as dark as hell, 
 That breathed ever forth a filthie banefull fmell. 
 
 XL. 
 But neither darkeneflfe fowlej nor filthy bands. 
 Nor noyous fmell, his purpofe could withhold, 
 (Entire affe6lion hateth nicer hands,) 
 But that with conftant zele and corage bold. 
 After long paines and labors manifold, 
 He found the meanes that Prifoner up to reare ; 
 Whofe feeble thighes, unable to uphold 
 His pined corfe, him fcarfe to light could 
 beare ; 
 ^ ruefull fpedacle of death and ghaftly drere. 
 
 XLI. 
 
 His fad dull eies, deepe funck in hollow pits, 
 
 XL. 3. {Entire affeBion hateth nicer hands,)'] Our poet in- 
 terfperfes his fentences very frequent ; which, as they arife 
 naturally from the fubjed, have no bad effeft. I (hall dwell 
 a little on this fentiment, as Spenfer feems pleafed with it. 
 Thus, F. Q. ii. ii. 3. 
 
 " So love does loath difdainfull nicitee." 
 Again, ii. vi. 45. 
 
 * So love the dread of danger doth defpife.'* 
 Again, iv. viii. 22. 
 
 " No fervice lothfome to a gentle kind." 
 Again, v. i. 27. 
 
 " True love defpifeth (hame, when life is cald in dread." 
 Perhaps he had this fentiment from Heliodorus, L. i. p. 7. 
 
 aKyinuf ri xj r,^iu^ nronnuv vTrifffonT' w^o? i Jt to ^XB|;xto, x^ opa>, t^ 
 tnntivuf TO ^f6vr,fji,x xurct*yiLa.^n. UpTON. 
 
 XL. 9. g^'fififj/ drere.] Sorrow, fadnefs. So, 
 
 in F. Q. iv. viii. 42. " Defpiteous dreare." See alfo F. Q. v. 
 X. 35, V. xii. 20, vi. ii. 46", vi. iii. 4. Upton. 
 
 XLL 1. His fad dull eies, deep funck &c.] Perhaps Dante's
 
 CANTO Vlir. THE FAERIE QUEENE. ^$ 
 
 Could not endure th' unwonted funne to 
 
 view ; 
 His bare thin cheekes for want of better bits 
 And empty (ides deceived of their dew, 
 Could make a ftony hart his hap to rew ; 
 His rawbone amies, whofe mighty brawned 
 
 bowrs 
 Were wont to rive fteele plates, and helmets 
 
 hew, 
 Were clene confum'd ; and all his vitall powres 
 Decayd; and al his flelh flironk up like withered 
 
 flowres. 
 
 XLII. 
 Whome when his Lady faw, to him fhe ran 
 With hafty ioy : to fee him made her glad, 
 And fad to view his vifage pale and wan ; 
 Who earft in flowres of frelheft youth was clad. 
 Tho, when her well of teares ihe wafted had. 
 She faid; " Ah deareft Lord ! what evil ftarre 
 
 ghoft of Forefe might here occur to the poet's mind, Purg, 
 C. xxiii. 
 
 " Negli occhi era ciafcuna ofcura, e cava, 
 ^' Pallida nella faccia, e tanto fcema, 
 " Che dall' ofla la pelle s' iiiformava." Todd. 
 
 XLI. 2. tk' un-wonted Jmne] The light that he 
 
 had long been difufed to. Church. 
 
 XLI. 6". whofe mighty brawned bowrs,] The 
 
 bo'ivrs are what anatomifts call, nivJcuU Jlexores ; fo named be- 
 caufe eafily bowed. The Danes ufe buu for the Ihoulder. 
 
 UPTOJf. 
 
 XLI. 8. JVere clene co/z/i/wrf ;] Were enifre/y confumed. 
 So Pfal. xxxi. 14. "I am clean forgotten, as a dead man out ^ 
 of mind." Todd.
 
 64 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK t* 
 
 On you hath frownd, and pourd his influ- 
 ence bad, 
 That of your felfe ye thus berobbed arre, 
 And, this mifleeming hew your manly looks doth 
 
 marre ? 
 
 XLIIL 
 
 " But welcome now, my Lord in wele or woe ; 
 Whofe prefence I have lackt too long a day : 
 And fye on Fortune mine avowed foe, 
 Whofe wrathful wreakes themfelves doe now 
 
 alay ; 
 And for thefe wronges lliall treble penaunce pay 
 Of treble good: Good grovves of evils priefe." 
 The chearleffe Man, whom forrow did difmay. 
 Had no delight to treaten of his griefe ; 
 
 His long endured famine needed more reliefe* 
 
 XLIV. 
 " Faire Lady,** then faid that viclorious Knight, 
 '* The things, that grievous were to doe, or 
 
 beare, 
 Them to renew, I wote, breeds no delight ; 
 
 XLIII. 1. mi/ Lord in wele or tt-oe;] That is, 
 
 Welcome thou that art my Lord, whether in happinefs or 
 mifery. So, in Par. Lojl, B. ix. 133. " As to him link'd in. 
 'weal or woe." See alfa B. viii. ^ol. All other editions place 
 a comma after Lord. Church. 
 
 XLIII. 7. The chearcleJJ'e man, &c.] It is unnatural, that 
 the Redcrofle Knight fliould be lb fuddenlv reconciled to Una, 
 after he had forfaken her, for her fuppofed infidelity and im- 
 purity. The poet (hould certainly firft have brought about an 
 eclairciflement between them. T. Warton. 
 
 XLIV. 3. Them to renew, I note, breeds no delight; 
 
 Bejl mufickc breeds delight in loathing e/e.] Here
 
 CANTO Vllt. THE FAERlE QUEENE* 66 
 
 Beft muficke breeds delight in loathing eare: 
 But th' only good, that growes of palled feare, 
 Is to be wife, and ware of like agein* 
 This daies enfample hath this lelJbn deare 
 Deepe written in my heart with yron pen, 
 7'hat bUJfe may not abide injiafe of mortall men* 
 
 XLV. 
 
 *' Henceforth, Sir Knight, take to you wonted 
 
 ilrength, . , 
 
 Andmaifter thefe miihaps with patient might: 
 Loe, where your foe lies ftretcht in monftrous 
 
 length ; 
 And loe, that wicked Woman in your fight, 
 The roote of all your care and wretched 
 
 plight, 
 Now in your powre, to let her live, or die." 
 " To doe her die," quoth Una, " were de- 
 
 fpight, 
 
 feems an errour often erred in the tranfcribing or printing of 
 this poem, and that is repeating the fame word twice over. 
 The learned author of the Remarks on Speuferhas marked this 
 palfage, and propofes to read, not without reafon, 
 
 " Beft muhck breeds dijlike in loathing eare." 
 So, in Prov. xxv. '20. " As he that taketh away a garment in v^ 
 cold weather, and as vinegar upon nitre ; fo is he that fingeth 
 fongs to an heavy heart." 
 
 The reader cannot help taking notice of the ftrift filence of 
 our Chriftian Knight all this while, and how agreeable this is 
 to the rules of decorum : He had no juft apology to make, and 
 therefore he makes none. Upton. y 
 
 XLIV. 8. with yron pen,] Job xix. 24. v/ 
 
 *' O.that my words were now written ! that they were graven 
 with an yron pen !" Jortin. 
 
 VOL. III. V
 
 6f) THE FAERIE QU BENE. BOOK I. 
 
 And ftiame t'avenge fo weake an enimy ; 
 But fpoile her of her fcarlot robe, and let 
 
 her fly." 
 
 XL VI. 
 So, as ftie bad, that Witch they difaraid, 
 And robd of roiall robes, and purple pall. 
 And ornaments that richly were difplaid ; 
 Ne fpared they to ftrip her naked all. 
 Then, when they had defpoyld her tire and 
 
 call, 
 Such, as ihe was, their eies might her behold, 
 That her misfhaped parts did them appall ; 
 A loathly, wrinckled hag, ill favoured, old, 
 Whofe fecret filth good manners biddeth not 
 
 be told. 
 
 XLVII. 
 Her crafty head was altogether bald. 
 And, as in hate of honorable eld, 
 Was overgrowne with fcurfe and filthy fcald ; 
 
 XLVI, 4. Ne fpared they tojlrip her naked all.] Ally i. e. 
 
 y aitirely, altogether. See RexieL xvii. l6'. " Thefe fhall hate 
 
 the whore, and fliall make her defolate and naked." Upton. 
 
 XLVI. 5. her tire and call,] That is, her 
 
 ettirc and caul. Church. 
 
 XLVI. 8. A loathly, xvrinchled hag, &c.] Dueffa is a copy 
 of Ariofto's Alcina, who, having long engaged the afFedions of 
 Rogero by the counterfeited charms of youth and beauty, is at 
 laft, by the virtue of his ring, found to be old and ugly. Thefe 
 circumftances of Duefl'a's difcovery are literally tranflated from 
 the Italian poet, C. vii. 73. 
 
 " Pallido, crefpo, e niacilente avea 
 
 *' Alcina il vifo, il crin raro e canuto : 
 
 " Ogni dente di bocca era caduto." T, Wahtok.
 
 CANTO VIII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. $7 
 
 Jier teedi oi^.t of her rpttep gumnies were feltl, 
 And her fowre breath abhominably hiield ; 
 Her dried dugs, Ijke bladders lacking wind, 
 Ugng downe, and filthy matter from them 
 
 weld ; 
 Iler wrizled ikin, as rough as maple rind, 
 o fcabby was, that wpuld have loatlid all wo- 
 mankind. 
 
 XLVIII. 
 Her neather parts, the Iharhe of all her kind, 
 My chafter Mule for lliame doth blulh to 
 
 write : 
 But at her rorape ftie growing had behind 
 A foxes taile, with dong all fowly dight : 
 And eke her feete moft monftrous were in 
 
 fight; 
 For one of them w^as hke an eagles claw, 
 AVith griping talaunts armd to greedy fight; 
 The other like a beares uneven paw : 
 More ugly fhape yet peyer living creature faw. 
 
 XLIX. 
 Which when the Knights beheld, amazd they 
 were, 
 
 XLVIII. 4. A foxes taile, &c.] A foxes taile, alluding to 
 her craftinefs and cowardice ; for a fox is timorous unlefs 
 where he preys with fafety. The eagle, and bear, (hew her ra- 
 pacious and ravenous difpofition, " And his feet were as the 
 feet of a bear," Revel, xiii. 2. Compare tliis picture here with 
 that in Orlando Furiofo, C. xxvi. 31, where Superftition is 
 charaderifed as ignorant, ravenous, cruel, and cunning. 
 
 Upton. 
 
 F 2
 
 6s THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 And wondred at fo fowle deformed wight. 
 " Such then/' faid Una, " as fhe feemeth 
 
 here, 
 Such is the face of Fahhood ; fuch the fight 
 Of fowle Dueffd, when her borrowed Hght 
 Is laid away, and counterfefaunce knowne/' 
 Thus when they had the Witch difrobed 
 
 quight. 
 And all her filthy feature open fhowne, 
 They let her goe at will, and wander waies 
 
 unknowne. 
 
 L. 
 Shee, flying faft from heavens bated face, 
 And from the world that her difcovered wide. 
 Fled to the waftfull wildernefle apace, 
 From living eies her open (hame to hide ; 
 And lurkt in rocks and caves, long unefpide. 
 But that faire crew of Knights, and Una faire, 
 Did in that caftle afterwards abide. 
 To reft ihemfelves, and weary powres repaire : 
 Where ftore they fownd of al, that dainty was 
 and rare. 
 
 XLIX, 6. counterfefaunce] Count erf eiting^ 
 
 diffimulation. Church.
 
 CANTO IX. THE FAERIE QUEENE. '^9 
 
 CANTO IX. 
 
 His loves and lignage Arthure tells : 
 The Knights knit t friendly bands : 
 
 Sir Trevi fan Jlies from Defpeyre, 
 Whom Redcros Knight withjlands, 
 
 I. 
 O ! GOODLY golden chayne, wherewith y fere 
 The vertues Hnked are in lovely wize ; 
 And noble mindes of yore allyed were, 
 In brave pourfuitt of chevalrous emprize, 
 That none did others fafety defpize, 
 Nor aid envy to him, in need that ftands ; 
 But friendly each did others praife devize. 
 How to advaunce with favourable hands. 
 As this good Prince redeemd the Redcrolfe 
 Knight from bands. 
 II. 
 Who when their powres, empayrd through 
 labor long, . i .miC 
 
 With dew repaft they had recured well, .| 
 And that weake captive wight now wexed 
 
 ftrong ; 
 Them lift no lenger there at leafure dwell, 
 
 I. 1. yfere] In company, together. 
 
 Ufed by Chaucer and G. Douglas. See alfo F. Q. ii. i. "iSy ii. 
 ix. 2, iii. vii. 48, &c. So in fere, in company. Upton. 
 
 f3
 
 70 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 But forward fare, as their adventures fell : 
 But, ere they parted, Una faire befought 
 That ftraunger Knight his riame and nation 
 
 tell; 
 Leaft fo gr^at good, as he for her had 
 
 wrought, 
 
 Should die unknown, and buried be in thankles 
 
 thought. 
 
 III. 
 
 *' Faire Virgin," faid the Prince, " yee me ra- 
 
 quire 
 
 A thing without the compas of my witt : 
 
 For both the lignage, and the certein fire, 
 
 From which I fprong, from mee are hidden yitt. 
 
 For all fo foone as life did me admitt ^ 
 
 Into this world, and fhewed hevens lights 
 
 From mother's pap I taken w^as unfitt, 
 
 II. 6. ~ ' Una faire beforight 
 
 That Jlrcnmger Knight kjs name and nation tell ;] That 
 Una knew the name, which this Knight was kliowh by in Fairy 
 land, is plain from ftanza 6 jitlt below. But Fairy Knights 
 often concealed their real names, and toblc feigned names : 
 Good manners therefore made her afk, before Ihe addrefled 
 him. Una knew not whether Prince Arthur was his real or 
 aflumed name ; nor does he in his anfwer refolve this doubt. 
 Our poet (like the romance writers) gives his heroes various 
 titles: St. George is known by the title of th'e tledcrofle 
 Knight: Arthegal has the name of the /a/iaoe Knight : Brito- 
 mart pafles for a man ; and Una is called the errant davizdl. 
 In imitation of this cuftom and manner of romance, hisrbes, 
 Don Quixote took the title of Knight of the forrouful connfe- 
 7Jflnce, afterwards of Knight of the lions; herein following (as he 
 fays himfelf) the pra<^ice of Knights errants, who changed their 
 names, whenever it either ferved their turns or pleafed theiS" 
 fancies, Upton,
 
 CANTO IX. THE FAERIE QUEENE. TI 
 
 And ftreight delivered to a Fary Knight, 
 To be upbrought in gentle thewes and martiall 
 might. 
 
 IV. 
 
 " Unto old Timon he me brought bylive ; 
 Old Timon, who in youthly yeares hath beene 
 In warlike feates th* experteft man alive, 
 And is the wifeft now on earth I weene : 
 His dwelling is, low in a valley greene, , 
 
 III. Q. in gentle theues] In genteel accomplifli- 
 
 ments. Church. 
 
 IV. 1. Unto old Timon he me brought] I have often ob- 
 ferved that Spenfer varies his names from hiftory, mythology, 
 or romance, agreeable to his own fcheme: and here, by faying 
 that Arthur was nurtured by Timon, allegorically he means, 
 that he was brought up in the ways of honour : for fo his tu- 
 tor's name fignifies. " Unto old Timon he me brought." He 
 agrees with the principal fubftantive in ft. 3. viz. the certeinjire 
 
 from which I fprong, namely, Uter Pendragon. The Fary 
 Knight, there mentioned, is, according to Spenfer, Timon, ac- 
 cording to the hiftorie of P. Arthur, Sir Etior. Let us hear 
 our poet's own account in his letter to Sir W. R. " Arthur 
 was a long while under the education of Timon, to whom he 
 was by Merlin delivered to be brought up, fo foone as he was 
 borne of the lady Igrayne ; during which time he faw in a 
 vifion the Faery Queen, with whofe excellent beautie ravifhed, 
 he refolved to feeke her out : and fo being by Merlin armed, 
 and by Timon thoroughly inftruded, he went to feek her forth 
 in Faerye Land." This does not entirely agree with Spenfer's 
 account in the poem ; where 'tis not Merlin that delivers him 
 to be educated by old Timon, the fairy knight ; but he, the fire 
 from whom P. Arthur fprung. To reconcile Spenfer with 
 himfelf, we muft interpret, " by Merlin delivered," delivered 
 by the connfel of Merlin. Prince Arthur fays, Merlin had charge 
 his difcipline to frame : This is according to the hiftory of P. 
 Arthur, and Jeff, of Monmouth. And hence Ariofto fays. 
 That Arthur undertook no enterprize without the couufel of 
 Merlin, C. xxiii. 9. Upton. 
 
 p 4
 
 72 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Under the foot of Rauran moffy hore, 
 From whence the river Dee, as filver cleene. 
 His tombling billowes rolls with gentle rore; 
 There all my daies he traind me up in vertuous 
 
 lore. 
 
 V. 
 *' Thether the great magicien Merlin came, 
 x\s was his ufe, ofttimes to viiitt mee ; 
 For he had charge my difcipline to frame, 
 And tutors nouriture to overfee. 
 Him oft and oft I afkt in privity, 
 - Of what loines and what lignage I did fpring, 
 AVhofe aunfvvere bad me ftill aflured bee, 
 That I was fonne and heire unto a king, 
 As time in her iuft term the truth to light 
 fliould bring/* 
 
 VI. 
 
 " Well worthy impe," faid then the Lady gent. 
 
 IV. 6. Under the foot of Rauran] In Selden's illuftration 
 of Diiias Ejnris, where Merlin propbefied, he adds " Rauran- 
 Vaur hill is there by in INIerioneth : whence the origin of that 
 fiction of the Mufes beft pupil, the noble Spenfer, in fuppofing 
 Merlin vfually to vifit his old Timon, whofe dwelling he places 
 loK in a xaUey greene, under the Joot o/'Raurax, &c." Dray- 
 ton's Polijolb. Song X. lUuftr. Todd. 
 
 VI. 1. Well vjorthy impe, &c.] Jw/e is child, derived 
 perhaps from the Welch imp, a Jhoot or fucker. So, in F. Q. 
 Introdud, i. 3. " Iwpe of highell love." See alfo note on F. 
 Q. V. xi. l6". In the metrical romance oi Peftfiratus and Cuta- 
 nea, we have " imps of heauenly hewe," Sign. I, vi. b. Shak- 
 Ipeare feems to ridicule this ufe of the word, by putting it into 
 the mouth of that dealer in bombaft, ancient Piftol, when he 
 greots the reformed Henry, K. Hen. IV. P. 2. A. and S. ult. 
 " The heavens thee gu^rd aad keep, moft royall imp of fame!"
 
 CANTO IX. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 73 
 
 " And pupil fitt for fuch a tutors hand ! 
 But what adventure, or what high intent. 
 Hath brought you hether into Fary land, 
 Aread, Prince Arthure, crowne of martiall 
 
 band ?" 
 " Full hard it is," quoth he, " to read aright 
 The courfe of heavenly caufe, or underftand 
 The fecret meaning of th' Eternall Might, 
 That rules mens waies, and rules the thoughts 
 
 of living wight. 
 
 " For whether He, through fatal deepe forefight, 
 Me hither fent, for caufe to me unghefl; 
 Or that frelh bleeding wound, which day and 
 
 night 
 Whilome doth rancle in my riven breft. 
 With forced fury following his beheft. 
 Me hether brought by wayes yet never found ; 
 You to have helpt 1 hold myfelf yet bleft/' 
 " Ah ! courteous Knight," quoth (lie, " what 
 fecret wound 
 Could ever find to grieve the gentleft hart on 
 ground ?" 
 
 Of Ladi/ gent fee the explanation, where the fame phrafe 
 occurs, in ftanza xxvii. Todd. 
 
 VI. 5. Aread, Prince Arthure,^ Arthur and Una have been 
 hitherto reprefented as entire ftrangers to each other ; and it 
 does not appear how Una became acquainted with the name 
 of this new Knight. T. Wakton.
 
 74 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK Ir 
 
 VIII. 
 
 *' Dear Dame," quoth he, " you fleeping fparkes 
 
 awake, 
 Which, troubled once, into huge flames will 
 
 grow ; 
 Ne ever will their fervent fury (lake, 
 Till living moyfture into fmoke do flow, 
 And wafl;ed life doe lye in aflies low. 
 Yet Athens filence lefleneth not my fire. 
 But, told, it flames; and, hidden, it does glow; 
 I will revele w hat ye fo much delire : 
 Ah ! Love, lay down thy bow, the whiles I may 
 
 relpyre. 
 
 IX. 
 
 ** It was in frefliefl: flovvre of youthly yeares, 
 When corage firfl; does creepe in manly chefl: ; 
 Then firfl: that cole of kindly heat appeares 
 To kindle love in every living brefi; : 
 But me had warnd old Timons wife behefl:, 
 Thofe creeping flames by reafon to fubdew, 
 
 VIII. 2. Which, troubled once,'\ Which being once dif- 
 turbed and raked into. Church. 
 
 IX. 3. that cole\ The fecond and all the later 
 
 editions read *' the cole." But " that cole" alludes to the 
 
 Jleeping fparkes in the preceding ftanza. Church. 
 
 Mr. Upton reads " that cole ;" but Tonlon's edition, pub- 
 liflicd in the fame year with thofe of Upton and Church, reads 
 " a cole." Todd. 
 
 IX. 5. old Timons] The firft edition reads 
 
 Cleons. Spenfer doubted whether to take the name of Prince 
 Arthur's tutor from g/ort/, or from honour. See tiie note ou 
 ft. 4. But he corrected Cleans among the errours of the prefs. 
 
 Upton.
 
 CANTO TX. THE FAERIE QUEENE. ^ 
 
 Tjefore their rage grew to fo great unreft, 
 As milbrable lovers ufe to re\V', 
 Which flill wex old in woe, whiles woe ftil 
 wexeth new. 
 
 " That ydle name of love, and lovers life, 
 As lofle of time, and vertues enimy^ 
 I ever fcorn'd, and ioyd to ftirre up ftrife, 
 In middeft of their mournfull tragedy ; 
 Ay wont to laugh, when them 1 heard to cry. 
 And blow the fire, which them to aihes brent : 
 Their god himfelfe, grievd at my libertie, 
 Shott many a dart at me with tiers intent ; 
 
 But I them warded all with wary government. 
 
 XL 
 
 " But all in vaine ; no fort can be fo ftrong, 
 Ne fleftilv breft can armed be fo fbwnd. 
 But will at laft be wonne with battrie long. 
 Or unawares at difadvantage fownd : 
 Nothing is fure that growes on earthly grownd. 
 And who moft truftes in arme of flelhly might, 
 And boaftes in beauties chaine not to be 
 
 bownd, .1)1 
 
 Doth fooneft fall in difaventrous fight, 
 
 And yeeldes his caytive neck to vicbours moft 
 defpight. 
 
 XII. 
 
 " Enfample niake of him your hapleflfe iby, 
 And of my felfe now mated, as ye fee ;
 
 76 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Whofe prouder vaunt that proud avenging boy 
 
 Did foone pluck downe, and curbd my libertee. 
 
 For on a day, prickt forth with iolUtee 
 
 Of loofer hfe and heat of hardiment, 
 
 Raunging the foreft wide on courfer free, 
 
 The fields, the floods, the heavens, with one 
 
 confent, 
 
 Did feeme to laugh on me, and favour mine 
 
 intent. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 :" Forwearied with my fportes, I did alight 
 From loftie fteed, and downe to fleepe me 
 
 layd : 
 The verdant gras my couch did goodly dight, 
 And pillow was my helmett fayre difplayd : 
 Whiles every fence the humour fweetembayd, 
 And flombring foft my hart did fteale away. 
 Me feemed, by my fide a royall Mayd 
 Her daintie limbes full foftly down did lay : 
 
 So fayre a creature yet faw never funny day. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 " Moft goodly glee and lovely blandifliment 
 She to me made, and badd me love her deare; 
 For dearely fure her love was to me bent. 
 As, when iuft time expired, Ihould appeare. 
 
 XIII. 1. Forwearied] Oxer fatigued. See F. Q. i. i. 32. 
 The edition of 1751 reads For wearied. Church. 
 
 The fame miftake is alfo committed in Tonfon's edition of 
 1758. Todd.
 
 CANTO IX. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 77 
 
 But, whether dreames delude, or true it were. 
 Was never hart fo ravifht with delight, 
 Ne livinor man like wordes did ever heare, 
 As {he to me delivered all that night ; 
 And at her parting fdid, She Queene of Faries 
 
 hight. 
 
 XV. 
 ** When I awoke, and found her place devoyd, 
 And nought but prelTed gras where (he had lyen, 
 I forrowed all fo much as earfl I ioyd. 
 And walhed all her place with watry eyen. 
 From that day forth I lov'd that face divyne ; 
 From that day forth I call in carefull mynd, 
 To feek her out with labor and long tyne. 
 And never vowd to reft till her I fynd : 
 Nyne monethes I feek in vain, yet ni'll that 
 vow unbynd/' 
 
 XIV. 6. Was never hart &c.] See the note on F. Q. i. iii. 
 4. Did never Sic. Todd. 
 
 XIV. 9. She Queene of Faries higlit.] Was called. 
 
 See alfo F. Q. i. x. i2, i. x. 55, &c. It appears to have been, 
 the cuftom of our ancient poets thus to employ hight without 
 prefixing was, is, &c. So, in Soiiges and Sonnets, by the Earle 
 of Surrey and others, 12mo. 1587. fol. 5. b. 
 
 " Bright is her hew, and Geraldine (lie hight." 
 So likewife in the Prologue to Prefton's CambiJ'es, written and 
 printed in the reign of Elifabeth : 
 
 " In Percia there reignd a king, who Cirus hight by name." 
 That is, was called. Todd. 
 
 XV. 8. And never vowd to re/?] That is, as Mr. Church 
 interprets, " And vow'd never to reft." So I read with the 
 firft edition, Mr. Church, and the edition of 1751. All other 
 impreffions follow the fecond edition, which reads i/"9rr. Todd. 
 
 XV. 9, Nync monethes &c.] See the xiote, F. Q. ii. ix. 7. 
 
 Church.
 
 78 THE FAERXp QJJEENE. pOOK I. 
 
 Thus as he fpake, hjs vifagje wexed pale, 
 
 And chaunge of hew great paiJion did bewray; 
 Yett ftill he ftrove to cloke his inward bale, 
 Ajid hide the fmoke that did his fire difplay; 
 Till gentle Una thus to him gan fay ; 
 " O happy Queene of Faries, that haft fownd, 
 Mongft many, one that with his prowefle may 
 Defend thine honour, and thy foes eonfownd ! 
 
 True loves are often fown, but feldom grow^ on 
 grownd." 
 
 xvir. 
 
 " Thine, O ! then," faid the gentle RedcrolTe 
 Knight, 
 ** N^xt to that Ladies love, flial be the place, 
 O fayreft Virgin, full of heavenly light, 
 Whofe wondrous faith, exceeding earthly race, 
 Was firmed fixt in myne extremeft cafe. 
 And you, my Lord, the patrone of my life, 
 Of that great Queene jjiay well gaine wor- 
 
 thie grace; 
 For onely worthie you through prowes priefe, 
 
 Yf living man mote wof thie be, to be her liefe/' 
 
 XVIII. 
 So diverfly difcourfing of their loves. 
 
 The golden funne his ghftring head gan (hew. 
 
 XVI. 2. paflion] Commotion, diiordeT, 
 
 See the note on F. Q, i. ii. 26. Church.
 
 -CANTO IX. THE FAERIE QUEENE. fT9 
 
 And fad remembraunce now the Prince amoves 
 With frefli defire his voyage to purfew : 
 Als Una earnd her traveill to renew. 
 Then thofe two Knights, fail frendfhip for 
 
 to bjnd, 
 And love edabUfh each to other trew, 
 Gave goodly gifts, the fignes of gratefull 
 
 mynd. 
 And eke, as pledges firme, right hands together 
 
 ioynd. 
 
 XIX. 
 Prince Arthur gave a boxe of diamond fure, 
 Embowd witli gold and gorgeous ornament, 
 
 XVIII. 3. ' amoves] Moves. Chaucer 
 
 thus ufes it with the particle added. See alfo amoved, F. Q. 
 iii. ix. 24, iii. xi. 13. Upton. 
 
 XVIII. 5. Als] Jlfo. Again, ft. 21. But fee the note 
 on /lis, F. Q. iv. vii. 35. Todd. 
 
 XVIII. g. And eke, as pledges] This is the reading of the 
 firft edition, which is followed by thofe of 1751 and Mr. 
 Church. All other editions read " the pledges." Todd. 
 
 XIX. 1. Prince Arthur gave &c.] Our Knights do not 
 part without mutual prefents ; and this is agreeable to Homer: 
 Diomed and Glaucus, Ajax and Hedor, part not without gifts, 
 though engaged in different interefts. In the box, given by 
 the prince, were inclofed " few drops of liquor of wondrous 
 worth, 
 
 " That any wownd could heale incontinent :" 
 That the Redcrofle Knight had occafion for fuch a prefent 
 may be feen by turning to F. Q. i. v. 45. See likewife i. vii. 31. 
 This precious liquour is mentioned in F. Q. iv. viii. 20. And 
 thefe kind of enchanted balfoms and liquours are frequently 
 to be met with in romance-writers : in imitation of thefe, Doa 
 Quixote endeavours to get the balfam of Fierabras, which 
 cures all wounds. Upton. 
 
 XIX. 2. Embowd] Arched, arcuatus, bent like a bow : 
 ^* A box having a vaulted cover of gold." Spenfer, in his.
 
 ^0 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Wherein were closd few drops of liquor pure. 
 Of wondrous worth, and vertue excellent, 
 That any wownd could heale incontinent. 
 Which to requite, the Redcrofle Knight him 
 
 gave 
 A Booke, wherein his Saveours Teltament 
 Was writt with golden letters rich and brave ; 
 
 A worke of wondrous grace, and hable foules 
 to fave. 
 
 XX. .i^.1 ; 
 
 Thus beene they parted ; Arthur on his way 
 To feeke his love, and th' other for to fight 
 With Unaes foe, that all her realme did pray. 
 But {he, now weighing the decayed plight 
 And Ihrunken fynewes of her chofen Knight, 
 Would not a while her forward courfe purfew, 
 
 Vifions of the Worlds Vanity, expreffes the curve of the moon 
 by this word ; " emhowed like the moon." Harington> in his 
 Orlando Furiofo, makes ufe of embuxvd to denote the concave 
 appearance of the clouds in the fky, B. xxxii. 93. In the 
 fame fenfe, fays Bacon, of bow windows : " For imboxved win- 
 dows, I hold them of good ufe ; for they be prettie retiring 
 places for conference," EjJ'. Of Building, xlv. Gafcoigne, in his 
 Jocajla, applies embowd to a roof, A. i. . ii. 
 
 " Tlie gilted roofs embowd with curious worke :" 
 That is, vaulted with curious work : And Milton, 
 " The high emboiced roof 
 
 " With antique pillars &c." T, WArtox. 
 The ufe of embotced feems to have been common, by Barret's 
 introduaion of it into his Dictionary, publiOied in 1580. 
 Under the examples, illuft rating the word, he mentions 
 " roofes earned and emboxced ;" and, what is more to the pre- 
 fent purpofe, " pretious of falhion, emboxced; extuberantrs 
 gemmae, quibus opponuntur cavae. Pliu." Todd.
 
 CAXTO IX. THE FAERIE. QUEENE M 
 
 Ke bring him forth in face of dreadfull fight, 
 Till he recovered had his former hew : 
 
 For him to be yet weake and wearie well (lie 
 knew* 
 
 XXI. 
 
 So as they traveild, lo ! they gan efpy 
 
 An armed Knight towards them gallop faftj 
 That feemed from fome feared foe to fly. 
 Or other griefly thing, that him aghaft. 
 Still, as he fledd, his eye was backward caft^ 
 As if his feare ftill followed him behynd : 
 A Is flew his fteed^ as he his bandes had brail j 
 And with his winged heeles did tread the wynd, 
 
 As he had been a fole of Pegafus his kynd. 
 
 XXi. 4. - thai him aghaft.] That terrified 
 
 hiin. Aghaft is here ufed as a verb ; frequently he ufes it as a 
 participle. See ftanza xxiii, and elfewhere. Church. 
 
 Agajie, both as a verb and a participle, is alfo ufed by 
 Chaucer. See Tyrwhitt's GlofT. Todd. 
 
 XXL 6. As if his feare] The thing which he feared. Com- 
 pare Frov, i. 26. " I will mock when your fear cometh ; 
 when your fear cortieth as defolation." Of this paffage an 
 older tranflation, namely in 1569, is as follows : " Therfore 
 fliall I alfo laughe in your deftruction, and mocke you, when 
 that thivge that ye feare commeth upon you ; euen when the 
 ihinge that ye be afrayde of falleth in fodenlie like a ftorrae/' 
 Spenfer illullrates hinifelf F. Q. v. viii. 39- 
 
 " Faft did they fly as them their feete could beare 
 " High over hilles, and lowly over dales, 
 " As they 'were follow' d of their former feare." 
 Shakfpeare ufes the word in the fenfe of that which occujiom 
 fear, in Ant. and Cleop. A. ii. S. iii. 
 
 " near him, thy angel 
 
 " Becomes afeo)- '' 
 On which paffage the commentators have obferved, that fear 
 was a perfonage in fome of the ancient moralities. Todd. 
 
 VOL. III. G
 
 8"2 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 1. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 Nigh as he drew, they might perceive his head 
 To be unarmd, and curld uncombed heares 
 Upftaring ftiffe, difmaid with {incouth dread : 
 Nor drop of blood in all his face appeares, 
 Nor life in limbe ; and, to increafe his feares, 
 Infowle reproch of knighthoodesfayre degree, 
 About his neck an hempen rope he weares. 
 That with his gliftring amies does ill agree : 
 
 But he of rope, or amies, has now no memoree. 
 XXIII. 
 
 The Redcrofle Knight toward him crofled faft, 
 To weet what milter wight was fo difmayd : 
 There him he findes all fencelelTe and aghaft. 
 That of himfelfe he feemd to be afrayd ; 
 Whom hardly he from flying forward ftayd. 
 Till he thefe wordes to him deliver might ; 
 *' Sir Knight, aread who hath ye thus arayd. 
 And eke from whom make ye this hafty flight ? 
 
 For never Knight I faw in fuch mifleeming 
 
 plight." 
 
 XXIV. 
 He anfwerd nought at all ; but adding new 
 Feare to his firft amazmenl, {taring wyde 
 
 XXIII. 2. To -weet what mifter wight] To learn vikat 
 daviner of perfon, &c- So Chaucer, p. I*, ed. Urr, 
 
 " But tellith me what mj/?er men ye ben." Church. 
 XXIII. 4. That of himfelfe &c.] See the note, F. Q, i. 
 ii. 10. Sackville, in his Induciion, had thus defcribed Dread : 
 ** Soyn'd and amaz'd at his owne fhade tor dreed, 
 " And fearing greater dangers then was need." Todd.
 
 CANTO IX. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 83 
 
 AVith ftony eyes and liartlefTe hollow hew, 
 . Aftonirtit Itood, as one that had afpj^de 
 Infernall Furies with their chaines untyde. 
 Him yett againe, and yett againe, belpake 
 The gentle Knight ; who nought to him re- 
 
 plyde; 
 But, trembling every iojnt, did inly quake, 
 And foltring tongue at laft thefe words feemd 
 forth to fliake ; , 
 
 XXV. 
 
 ** For Gods deare love, Sir Knight, doe me not 
 
 ftay; 
 For loe ! he comes, he comes faft after mee V* 
 Eft looking back would faine have runne 
 
 away ; 
 
 XXIV. 4. as one that had afpyde 
 
 Infernall Furies with their chaines unti/de.^ Virg. 
 Mn. iv. 469. 
 
 " Eumenidum veluti demcns videt agmina Pentheus." 
 Thus Oreftes in his difturbed imagination fees the infernal 
 Furies. See Eurip. Orejl. ver. 255, &c. Spenfer malies the 
 fame obfervation, F. Q, ii. v. 37> ii< viii. 46' ; and in other 
 paflages. Upton. 
 
 XXV. 1. For Gods deare love, Sir Knight, doe me not Jlay ; 
 
 For loe ! he comes, &c.] This fpeech, with the 
 frequent repetitions, plainly fhows a hurried and difturbed 
 mind. Tlie fame obfervation might be made on ft. 28 ; 
 where, with many paufes and circumlocutions, this difturbed 
 Knight defcribes Defpair : He is frightened, and in horrour, at 
 the very name of him that Villen that curfcd wight a man 
 of hell God from him me blej'e ! from whom I juji efcaped 
 that calls himfclf Defpayre. A poet muft have a lively feeling 
 of all thefe images before he can make them fo perfpicuoufly 
 pafs before our very eyes. But indeed no one had ever fuch 
 a power of raiftng viftons and images, as Spenfer. Upton. 
 XXV. 3. l^il looking baclc] Eft, afterwards, moreover, again, 
 
 G 2
 
 B4 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 But he him forft to ftay, and tellen free 
 The fecrete caufe of his perplexitie : ^ 
 
 Yet nathemore by his bold hartie fpeach 
 Could his blood-frofen hart emboldned bee, 
 But throuoh his boldnes rather feare did 
 reach ; 
 Yett, forft, at laft he made through filence 
 fuddein breach : 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 " And am I now*in lafetie fure," quoth he, 
 *' From him, that would have forced me to 
 
 dye ? 
 And is the point of death now turnd fro mee. 
 That I may tell this haplefte hiftory ?" 
 " Fear nought," quoth he, " no daunger now 
 
 is nye." 
 " Then fliall I you recount a ruefuU cace/* 
 Said he, *' the which with this unlucky eye 
 I late beheld ; and, had not greater grace 
 Me reft from it, had bene partaker of the place. 
 
 Skinner. Here, I think, Spenfer ufes eft for again ; but for 
 afteruardsy T. Q. ii. iv. IS, and for moreover, F. Q. vi, ix. 1- 
 In the Shcp. Cal. September, Mr. Bathurfl interprets our poet 
 in a ditferent fenfe from any of thefe : 
 
 " For he had eft learned a curs call." 
 Eft he there tranflates vfu, that is, bi/ praciice, which feems to 
 be the true fenfe of the word in that place ; unlefs it is there 
 ufed for ?noreover. Cir u rc h . 
 
 XX\'. 6. Yet natliemore] Xot the more. In the fame 
 manner nath'clejj'e, for nererthelefs, is extended to three fyllables, 
 in the fifty-fourth itanza. Nathlefn frequently occurs in Chaucer^ 
 as well as in Spenfer. Todd. 
 
 XXV I. 9. partaker of the place.} Perbap
 
 CANTO IX. THE FAERIE QUEENE. S5 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 *\ I lately chaunft (would I had never chaunft !) 
 
 With a fayre Knight to keepen companee, 
 
 Sir Terwin hight, that well himfelfe advaunft 
 
 In all afFayres, and was both bold and free ; 
 
 But not fo happy as mote happy bee : 
 
 He lov^d, as was his lot, a Lady gent, 
 
 That him againe lov'd in the leaft degree ; 
 
 For {lie was proud, and of too high intent. 
 
 And ioyd to fee her lover languilh and lament : 
 XXVIII. 
 
 " From whom retourning fad and comfortlefle. 
 As on the way together we did fare. 
 We met that Villen, (God from him me 
 
 blelfe!) 
 That curfed wight, from whom I fcapt 
 
 whyleare, 
 A man of hell, that calls himfelfe Defpayre : 
 
 it might be better, " partaker on the place ;" that is, I fliould 
 have killed myfelf in the fame place where I faw another kill 
 himfejf. Jortin. 
 
 The true reading (as I find it in all the editions) is more 
 agreeable to Spenfer's manner. So F. Q. iii. viii. 50. 
 
 " And be partaker of their fpeede :" 
 
 That is, I will join them in their purl'uit. In like manner Sir 
 Trevifan means to fay, that, had not greater grace (than was 
 given to his unhappy companion) drawn him from that hor- 
 rible place, the Cave of Defpair, he Ihould have been in it, at 
 the time he was then fpeaking. Church. 
 
 XXVIl. 6. a Lady gent,] So, in the fixth 
 
 ftanza of this canto, " the Lady gent." Gent is accornplijhed, 
 handfome. See Cotgrave's Fr. Didt. V. Gent. And thus, in 
 Jlawes's Hijl. of Graunde Jmoure, 1554. Sign. B. iiij. b. 
 *' There fate dame Dotlrine, that ladif gent," Todd, 
 
 G 3
 
 86 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Who firft US greets, and after fayre areedes 
 Of tydinges ftraunge, and of adventures rare: 
 So creeping clofe, as fnake in hidden weedes, 
 Inquireth of our ftates, and of our knightly 
 
 deedes, 
 
 XXIX. 
 " Which when he knew, and felt our feeble harts 
 Emboft with bale, and bitter byting griefe, 
 AVhich love had launched with his deadly 
 
 darts ; 
 With wounding words, and termes of foule 
 
 repriefe. 
 He pluckt from us all hope of dew reliefe, 
 That earft us held in love of lingring life : 
 Then hopelelle, hartlefle, gan the cunning 
 
 thiefe 
 Perfwade us dye, to ftint all further ftrife ; 
 
 To me he lent this rope, to him a rufty knife ; 
 
 XXX. 
 
 " With which fad inftrument of hafty death, 
 That wofull lover, loathing lenger light, 
 A wyde way made to let forth living breath. 
 But I, more fearfuU or more lucky wight, 
 
 XXIX. 2. Emboft &c.] Overwhelmed with forrow. See 
 F. Q. iii. i. 22. Church. 
 
 XXX. 2. That wofull lover, loathing lenger light,] Thus 
 Dido is defcribed in Virgil, jEn. iv. 450. 
 
 " Turn veio in/elix fatis exterrita Dido 
 " Mortem oral ; twdet cH conv-exa tueri." 
 And thus the wofull lovers in the fhades below, who killed 
 themfelves; lucem peroji, Mn. iv. 435. Upton.
 
 CANTO IX. THE FAERIE QUEENi: 87 
 
 Difmayd with that deformed difmall fight, 
 Fledd faft away, halfe dead with dying feare ; 
 Ne yet aflbr'd of hfe by you. Sir Knight, 
 Whofe hke infirmity Uke chaunce may beare : 
 But God you never let his charmed fpeaches 
 heare !" 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 ." How may a man/' faid he, " with idle 
 fpeach 
 Be wonne to fpoyle the caftle of his health ?" 
 " I wote," quoth he, " whom tryall late did 
 
 teach. 
 That like would not for all this worldes wealth. 
 His fubtile tong, like dropping honny, mealt*h 
 Into the heart, and fearcheth every vaine ; 
 That, ere one be aware^ by fecret Health 
 His powre is reft, and weaknes doth remaine. 
 
 O never, Sir, defire to try his guilefull traine !'* 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 " Certes,** fayd he, " hence fhall I never reft, 
 
 XXXI. 1. How may a mmt, &c.] How can a man be pre->^ 
 vailed upon by words, to fpoil &c. See the notes, F. Q. i. 
 vi. 39, i. xii. 40, ii. i. 11. Chuuch. 
 
 XXXI. 2. the cajile of his heslih fl This ex- 
 
 preffion might have been fuggefted perhaps by Sir Thomas 
 Eliot's Cttjllt of Helthe, a book publiihed in 1534. However, 
 Sackville had alfo ufed the phrafe in his TndHfiion : 
 
 " When ficknefle feekes his cajiell health to fcale." 
 
 T0DI>. 
 
 XXXI. 5^ Hisfvbtile toitgy Hie dropping komiy, &cj See 
 Trov. V. 3. *' The lips of a ftrange woman drop as an honey- y 
 comb." See alfo Horn. 11, . 249> and Taffo, C. ii. 61, 
 
 Upton, 
 
 G 4
 
 ^S THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 1. 
 
 Till I that Treachours art have heard and 
 
 tryde : 
 And you, Sir Knight, whofe name mote I 
 
 requeft. 
 Of grace do me unto his cabin guyde." 
 * I, that hight Trevifan," quoth he, " will 
 
 ryde, 
 Againft ray liking, backe to doe you grace : 
 But not for gold nor glee will I abyde 
 By you, when ye arrive in that fame place ; 
 For lever had I die then fee his deadly face/* 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 Ere long they come, where that fame wicked 
 wight 
 His dwelling has, low in an hollow cave, 
 Far underneath a craggy cliff ypight, 
 
 XXXII. 2. f^ai Treachours] Treachour^ treachctonr^ 
 
 traitor. Gall, trichcur. See alfo F. Q. ii. i. 12, ii. iv. 27, ii. 
 X. 5\. Uptox, 
 
 XXXII, 7. But not for gold nor glee] I ipake no doubt 
 Spenfer gave, 
 
 " But not for gold or fee " 
 So, in F. Q. i. x. 43. 
 
 : r : ^- nor wouldybr gold or fee 
 
 ** Be wonne " Chuhch. 
 
 XXXII. 9, For lever had I die <S:c,] I had rather die 
 than &c. So Chaucer, p. \06. edit. Urr. 
 
 " Me letir were than a barrel of ale 
 " My wife at home hq,d herd this legend ones." 
 And Fairfax, C, ix, 36. 
 
 " Nor can he tell whether he leifer would 
 ' Or die hinifelfe, or kill the Pagan bould," 
 
 C'Huncir, 
 
 XXXIII. 3. -, , , _. ypight,] This is the 
 
 reading ot the fccoud edition. The firft, probably by an errour
 
 CANTO IX. THE FAEHIE QUEENE. 89 
 
 Darke, doleful!, dreary, like a greedy grave. 
 That ftill for carrion carcafes doth crave : 
 On top whereof ay dwelt the ghaftly owle, 
 Shrieking his balefuU note, which ever drave 
 Far from that haunt all other chearefull fowle ; 
 i\nd all about it wandring ghoftes did wayle 
 
 and howle : 
 
 XXXIV. 
 And all about old ftockes and flubs of trees, 
 Whereon nor fruit nor leafe was ever feen, 
 Did hang upon the ragged rocky knees ; 
 On which had many wretches hanged beene, 
 Whofe carcafes were fcattred on the greene. 
 And throwne about the cliffs. Arrived there, 
 
 of the prefs, gives yplight. Pight is frequent in Spenfer for 
 placed, fixed. In the fimilar fenfe of dwelt Chaucer ufes the 
 word, addreffing the Virgin Mary, p. 142. edit. Urr. 
 
 " Through thin humblefie, the Goft that in The light, 
 " Of whofe vertue, when he in thin hert pight, 
 " Conceived was the Fathers fapience, <kc." Todd. 
 XXXIII. 6'. On top -whereof ay dwelt the ghajlly owle. 
 
 Shrieking his balcfiiU note, &c.] Henry More, 
 the celebrated Platonift and paihonate admirer of Spenfer, 
 has, in his Song of the Soul, B. i. C. iii, imitated, I had almofl 
 iaid rivalled, this fine pafl'age : 
 
 " Hence you may fee, if that you dare to mind, 
 " Upon the fide of this accurfed hil, 
 " ISIany a dreadfuU corfe ytoll in wind, 
 " Which with hard halter their loathd life did fpill. 
 " There lives another which himfelf did kill 
 '' With rufty knife, all roll'd in his own blood ; 
 '' And ever and anon a dolefuU knill 
 *' Comes from the fatall owl, that in fad mood 
 " With drery found doth pierce through the death-fliadowed 
 wood." 
 jBoth poets feera to have remembered Virgil, Jiln. jv. 46o. 
 
 Todd,
 
 $0 rut FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 That bare-head Knight, for dread and dole- 
 full teene, 
 Would faine have fled, ne durft approchen 
 neare ; 
 But th' other foril him ftaye, and comforted in 
 feare. 
 
 XXXV. 
 That darkefome cave they enter, where they find 
 That curfed man, low fitting on the ground. 
 Muling full fadly in his fullein mind : 
 His griefie lockes, long growen and unbound, 
 Difordred hong about his Ihoulders round, 
 And hid his face ; through which his hollow 
 eyne 
 
 XXXV. 4. His griefie lockes,] The folios of 16II and 
 1679 read griejly, which is, I think, as Spenfer gave it. See 
 F. Q. ii. xi. 12, iii. xii. 19. Church. 
 
 Mr. Upton abfolutely reads g/7f/?ie ; for fo foolifli a reading 
 as griefie, he fays, bearing fome refemblance of truth without 
 being the thing itfelf, is leaft of all to be borne. But we are 
 not here, I think, to exclaim fo haftily, like Sir Hugh Evans, 
 " The tevil and his tarn ! what phrafe is this ?" Griejly is, in- 
 deed, a common word in Spenfer ; and on that very account, 
 I apprehend, the poet here wrote griefie, and not griejlie ; he 
 plainly intended to paint Defpair in colours, that would ex- 
 hibit a mojl fqualid being; but griejlie denotes hideous, terrible^ 
 and is more applicable to the covntenance than to the hair j 
 whereas griefie locks correfpond with the fubfequent defcription 
 of the wretch's filthy drefs : And fo Spenfer's own editions read. 
 Dr. Johnfon, in his Didionary, has cited this paffage, however, 
 in order to illuftrate the adjedive grijly. I mull not omit to 
 obferve, that Spenfer's contemporary, Arthur Golding, has, in 
 his tranflation of Ovid's 4th Metamorphofis, defcribed the 
 Furies with '' filthy hear e'' Todd. 
 
 XXXV. 6. his holloxD eyne 
 
 Lookt deadly dull,] The fame image is finely 
 reprefented by Chaucer, p. 344. edit. Urr.
 
 CANTO IX. THE FAERIE QUEENE. ffj 
 
 Lookt deadly dull, and ftarcd as aftound ; 
 
 His raw-bone cheekes, through penurie and 
 
 pine, 
 
 AVere llironke into his iawes, as he did never 
 
 dine. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 His garment, nought but many ragged clouts, 
 With thornes together pind and patched was. 
 The which his naked lides he wrapt abouts : 
 And him befide there lay upon the gras 
 A dreary corfe, whofe life away did pas. 
 All wallowd in his own yet luke-warme blood. 
 That from his wound yet welled frelh, alas ! 
 In which a rufty knife faft fixed ftood. 
 
 And made an open pafTage for the guihing flood. 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 Which piteous fpe6lacle, approving trew 
 The wofull tale that Trevifan had told. 
 
 " This wofull man^ that was nat fully ded, 
 " When that he herde the name of Thiflje crien, 
 " On her he cad his hevy tledly eyen." Church. 
 XXXV. 8. His raw-bone cheekes, &c.] Sackville, who, next 
 
 to Spenfer, is the mod full and expreffive paniter of allegorick 
 
 perfonages, defcribes his Miferie after the fame manner : 
 " His face was leane, and fonie deale pin'd away, 
 " And eke his hands confumed to the bone ; 
 " But what his bodie was I cannot fay, 
 " For on his carkas rayment had he none, 
 " Saue clouts and patches pieced one by one." 
 
 But the circumftance of the thorns in ft. 36' is new, and ftrongly 
 
 picturefque. T. Warton, 
 
 The circumftance of the thorns, however, is not new ; but, 
 
 as Mr. Upton has obferved, is an imitation of Virgil's " con- 
 
 fertum tegmen fpinis," JEn. iii. 594. Todd.
 
 gt THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Whenas the gentle Redcroffe Knight did 
 
 vew; 
 With firie zeale he burnt in courage bold 
 Him to avenge, before his blood were cold ; 
 And to the Villein fajd ; " Thou damned 
 
 wight, 
 The authour of this fa6l we here behold, 
 What iuftice can but iudge againft thee right, 
 With thine owne blood to price his blood, here 
 
 Ihed in fight ?'* 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 
 " What franticke fit,'' quoth he, ** hath thus 
 diftraught 
 
 Thee, foolilh man, fo rafti a doome to give ? 
 
 What iuftice ever other iudgement taught, - 
 
 But he fhould dye, who merites not to live ? 
 
 None els to death this man defpayring drive 
 
 But his owne guiltie mind, deferving death. 
 
 Is then uniuft to each his dew to give ? 
 
 Or let him dye, that loatheth living breath ? 
 Or let him die at eafe, that liveth here uneath ? 
 
 XXXVII. 9. JVitk thine oxvne blood to price his blood, &c.] 
 That is, to pay the price of his blood with thine. Ital. prczzare. 
 " Whofo (lieddeth man's blood, by man fliall his blood be 
 
 ^^ fhed," Gen. ix. 6. See alfo ft. 43, and C. v. ft. 26. Upton. 
 
 XXXVIII. 9. uneath ?] Scarccli/, 
 
 See Chaucer, Mill. Prol. 3123. edit. Tyrwhitt. 
 
 " The Miller that for-dronken was all pale, 
 " So that uncthes upon his hors he fat." 
 See alfo Gloff. Urry's Chaucer, V, Eiih, Sax. eath, eafy, ready, 
 &c. Whence vtmcthe, vnnethes, hardly, with difficulty, Thq 
 word is often ufed by Spenfer. Todd.
 
 CA:NT0 IX. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 9$ 
 
 XXXIX. 
 " Who travailes by the wearie wandring way, 
 To come unto his wiflied home in hafte, 
 And meetes a flood, that doth his paflage flay ; 
 Is not great grace to helpe him over paft, 
 Or free his feet that in the myre fticke fail ? 
 Mod envious man, that grieves at neighbours 
 
 good ; 
 And fond,* that ioyeft in the woe thou haft ; 
 AVhy wilt not let him pafle, that long hath 
 ftood 
 Upon the bancke, yet wilt thy felfe not pas the 
 
 flood ? 
 
 XL. 
 " lie there does now enioy eternall reft 
 
 And happy eafe, which thou doeft want and 
 
 crave, 
 And further from it daily wandereft : 
 What if fome little payne the paflage have, 
 That makes frayle flefli to feare the bitter 
 
 wave ; 
 Is not fliort payne well borne, that bringes 
 
 long eafe. 
 
 XXXIX. 1. Who travailes &c.] A great deal of the fo- 
 pliiftry in this, and the following ftanza, feems taken from 
 Seneca, Compare too Milton, Par. Loji, B. x. 999. Upton, 
 
 XXXIX. 4. to helpe him over paft,] That iSj 
 
 to help him pa/s over ; paft for pafsy becaufe of the rhyme. 
 
 Church, 
 
 XXXIX. 7. And fond,] Foolijh. See alfo F. Q. iii. viii. 
 ^5. " His rudenesyb(/." Uptok.
 
 ^4 THE FAERIE QUEEXE. BOOK U 
 
 And layes the foule to fleepe in quiet grave ? 
 Sleepe after toyle, port after ftormie feas, 
 Eafe after warre, death after Hfe, does greatly 
 pleafe." 
 
 XLI. 
 
 The Knight much wondred at his fuddeine wit. 
 And fayd ; " The terme of life is limited, 
 Ne may a man prolong, nor (horten, it : 
 The fouldier may not move from watchful! 
 
 fted, 
 Nor leave his ftand untill his captaine bed." 
 ** Who life did limit by Almightie doome,** ' 
 
 XLI. 1. his fnddeine wit, J His ready wit. 
 
 See before, C. v. ft. 10. Church. 
 
 XLI. 2. The terme of life is limited^ 
 
 Ne vmy a man prolong, nor Jhorten, it : 
 The fouldier may not move from watchfull Jled, 
 Nor leave his Jland &c.] Plato, Phaed. 'fi? ty rut 
 tPfUfx i^fiit oJ uf^fwiroi, xctt a ati or) iauToy Ik rxv7ri(; 'Kunv e^ aTToSt- 
 ^foi<rKH. Cicero, De Sene&. 20. " Vetat Pythagoras injuffii 
 imperatoris, id eft, Dei, de praefidio et ftatione vitaj decedere." 
 See alfo Somn. Scip. 3. " Nifi Deus is, cujus &c." Jortik. 
 
 I am tempted to make a quotation on this fubjeft, at once 
 neat and forcible, from a forgotten little book ; with which 
 the pious reader will be gratified, and by which, as by the 
 Knight's remark, the advocate for fuicide may be confounded. 
 The author is fpeaking of death : " Yet will I not feek to 
 haften the houre of my deare deliuery ; but will attend Gods 
 leafure, and efleeme of life as of a gueft. If it will tarrie, I 
 will not thruft it forth of doors : if it make hafte to be gone, 
 I will not be hee that ftiall intreat it to abide." Stafford's 
 Niobe, 2d. edit. l6ll. P. i. p. 195. Todd. 
 
 XLI. 4. from watchfull fted,] Place or 
 
 Jlation ; a word of frequent occurrence in Spenfer. See F. Q. 
 i. viii. 17, i. xi. 46, &c. It appears to be now obfolete. 
 Gawin Douglas has often employed the word, in his tranflation 
 of Virgil. See Ruddiman's GlofT. V. Stede^ a place. Anglo- 
 Sax. Uteda, locus, lii. Stada, ftatio. Todd.
 
 CANTO IX. THE FAERIE QUEENE. fP 
 
 Quoth he, " knowes beft the termes efta- 
 
 bUlhed ; 
 And he, that pomts the centonell his roome. 
 Doth hcenfe him depart at found of morning 
 
 droome. 
 
 XLII. 
 '* Is not His deed, what ever thing is donne 
 
 In heaven and earth ? Did not He all create 
 . To die againe ? All ends, that was begonne : 
 Their times in His eternall booke of fate 
 Are written fure, and have their certein date. 
 / Who then can ftrive with ftrong neceflitie, 
 i That holds the world in his ftill chaunging 
 ftate ; 
 Or Ihunne the death ordaynd by deftinie ? 
 When houre of death is come, let none alke 
 whence, nor why. 
 XLIII. 
 *' The lenger life, I wote the greater fin ; 
 The greater (in, the greater punilhment: 
 
 XLII. 4. Their times in His eternall booke of fate 
 
 Are written fure, and have their certein datel] The 
 counfels and purpofes of God are called in Scripture The Book 
 of God. 'Tis obfervable how this old fophifter is fometimea 
 Scriptural, and fometimes Stoical ; and how he mifapplies and 
 mifmterprets both Scripture and Philofophy. Upton. 
 XLIII. 1 . The lenger life, I wote the greater Jin ; 
 
 The greater Jin, the greater punijhment :] Per- 
 haps he had in view the Earl of Surrey's poem on the con- 
 fideration of the ftate of this life : 
 
 " The longer life, the more offence ; 
 
 " The more offence, the greater paine," Upton,
 
 -^6 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 1* 
 
 AH thofe great battels, which thou boafts to 
 
 win 
 Through ftrife, and blood-ftied, and avenge- 
 
 Now pray fd, hereafter deare thou fhalt repent : 
 For hfe muft hfe, and blood muft blood, repay. 
 Is not enough thy evill life forefpent ? 
 For he that once hath milfed the right way, 
 
 The further he doth goe, the further he doth liray . 
 
 XLIV. ^, 
 
 ** Then doe no further goe, no further ftray^ 
 But here ly downe, and to thy reft betake, 
 Th' ill to prevent, that life enfewen may\ ^ 
 For what hath life, that may it loved make, 
 And gives not rather caufe it to forfake ? 
 Feare, licknefte, age, lofTe, labour, forrow, 
 
 ftrife, 
 Payne, hunger, cold that makes the heart to 
 
 quake ; 
 And ever fickle fortune rageth rife ; 
 All which, and thoufands mo, do make a loath- 
 fome life. 
 
 XLIV. 4. For "what hath life, that fnay it loved malce ?] This 
 feems imitated from iEfchines, the Socratick, Otpj a>T. Ti 
 |apo T^ ixxi? Tw ecttufuit, *.. t. A, Compare Melpomene's 
 complaint in Tht Teares of the Mufes. See likewife The Ruins 
 of Time, ft. 7. Upton. 
 
 XLIV. 8. rageth rife ;] 
 
 All which, and thoufands &:c.] So all the edi- 
 tions. I fliould fuppofe Speafer gave, and pointed, thvis: 
 " And ever fickle fortune raging rife : 
 " All thefe, &c." CuuRCH.
 
 CANTO IX. THE FAERIE QUEfcNfe. (J7 
 
 . XLV. 
 
 " Thou, wretched man, of death haft greateft 
 need, 
 If in true ballaiince thoti wilt weigh thy ftate ; 
 For never Knight, that dared wurhke deedj 
 More ludvlefs diflaventnres did amate : 
 Witnes the dungeon deepe, wherein of late 
 Thy life flmtt up for death fo oft did call ; 
 And though good luck prolonged hath thy 
 date, 
 . Yet death then would the like mifhaps fore- 
 
 ftall, 
 Into the which hereafter thou maift happen falL 
 
 XLVI. 
 " Why then doeft thou, O man of fin, defire 
 To draw thy dayes forth to their lait degree ? 
 Is not the meafure of thy finfull hire 
 High heaped up with huge iniquitee, 
 Againft the day of wrath, to burden thee ? 
 Is not enough, that to this Lady mild 
 
 XLV. 4. More lucklvfs diflavehtures did atnate :] Dijaven- 
 tares, misfortunes. Span. Defventura. Ital. Difaivenfura. See 
 the note on difaventroiis, F. Q; i. vii. 48. In old French like- 
 wile, defaventureux is ufed for vnfortiinate. See Cotgrave's 
 Dift. Chaucer has alfo employed difaventvre in Tr. and Cr. 
 B. iv. 297. edit. Urn 
 
 '* This infortune, and this difavinture." 
 Amate is here ufed by Spenfer in the fenfe oi fubdue or daunt. 
 See note on amate, F. Q. iii. xi. 21. Todd. 
 
 XLVI. 1. IFky then doejl thou, O man of fin,] That is, 
 " O fmful man :" So man of God, a godly man. The allufion 
 is to Matt, xxiii, 32, and to Rom, ii, S. Upton. y 
 
 VOL. III. H
 
 98 THE FAERIE QUEEXE. BOOK I. 
 
 Thou falfed haft thy faith with periuree, 
 And fold thy felfe to ferve Dueflfa vild, 
 
 With whom in all abufe thou haft thy felfe^ 
 defild ? 
 
 XLvir. 
 
 " Is not He iuft, that all this doth behold 
 From higheft heven, and beares an equall eie ? 
 Shall He thy fms up in His knowledge fold, 
 And guilty be of thine impietie ? 
 Is not His law, Let every fmner die, 
 Die (hall all flefti ? What then muft needs be 
 
 donne. 
 Is it not better to doe willinglie. 
 Then linger till the glas be all out ronne ? 
 
 Death is the end of woes : Die foone, O Faries 
 
 fonne/' 
 
 XLVIII. 
 The Knight was much enmoved with his fpeach, 
 
 XLVI. 7. Thou falfed hajl] Haft brokcy madefalfe. Chaucer 
 niesfaljid for deceived, Tr. and Cr. B. v. 1053. 
 " There raadin nevir woman more wo 
 " Than fhe, whan that (hefaljid Troilus." Uptoi?. 
 
 XLVII. 5. Is not his law, Let every Jinner rfie,] Exfid. ix., 
 ^ 33, Pfai^iw 35, Ezek.yXsm. 4, Amosj^lO, II Piier ii. 4. 
 Is not this old fophifter a good textuarj'? Upton. 
 
 XLVIII. 1. enmoved] Mr. Church acknow- 
 ledges that all tlie editions read enmoved; but he fays they are 
 certainly wrong, and therefore reads e/HWJoreJ. I venture not 
 to fubfcribe to his aflertion. See enmoved, c. vii. ft. 38, and 
 enprifunmeiit, F. Q. i. x. 2. and enbracement, F. Q. i. ii. 5. The 
 old Englilh poets feem to have preferred this method of writing 
 words, which are compounded of the prepofition in. Thus- 
 Chaucer ^ives us tnbroudid and enbojfedf (not, as the modern^:
 
 CANTO IX. TttE fAERIE <itJEi^>JfE* t)^ 
 
 That as a Iwords pojnt through his hart did 
 
 perfe, 
 And in his confcience made a fecfete breach, 
 Well knowing trew all that he did reherfe, 
 And to his frefli remembraunce did reverie 
 The ugly vew of his deformed crimes ; 
 That all his manly powres it did difperle, 
 As he were charmed with inchaunted rimes ; 
 
 That oftentimes hequakt, and fainted oftentimes* 
 
 XLIX. 
 In which amazement when the Mifcreaunt 
 Perceived him to waver weake and fraile. 
 Whiles trembling horror did his confcience 
 daunt, 
 
 would write, embroider'd and emhojfed,) Legende of Dido, ver. 
 273, edit. Urr. 
 
 " Upon a thicke palfraie, papir white, 
 
 " Willi fadill redde, cnbroudid with delite, 
 
 " Of golde the barris, up enbojjid high, 
 
 " Sate Dido, &c." 
 In like manner, enhiviine, not iUtimvie, Cant. T. 7909. edit. 
 Tyrwhitt. And thus in the old Morality of Ercry-Mun : 
 
 " Myrrour of ioye, foundatour of mercy, 
 " \M\iich. enlumy net li heven and erth thereby." Todp. 
 
 "XLVIII. 5. ' did reverfe] In Hughes's 
 
 imperfed Glofiary to Spenfer, we find reverfe (Lat. revertere) 
 to return. But here reverfe fignifies, not to return, but to 
 caufe to return. Jortin. 
 
 It is ufed in the fame fenfe, F. Q. iii. ii. 48. But then again 
 he ufes it for to return, F. Q. iii. iv. 1, Church. 
 
 XLVIII. 8. "with inchaunted rimes {\ See 
 
 C. i, ft. 37, where Archimago is defcribed " building" (if I may 
 be allowed the expreilion) the rhymes of incantation : 
 
 " Then choofing out few words moft horrible, 
 
 " (Let none them read !) thereoi did terfes frame; 
 
 " With which, dec/' Todd. 
 
 H 2
 
 100 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 And hellilli anguifli did his foule affaile ; 
 To drive him to defpaire, and quite to 
 
 quaile, 
 Hee iliewd him painted in a table plaine 
 The damned ghofts, that doe in torments 
 
 waile, 
 And thouland feends, that doe them endlefle 
 
 paine 
 A\ ith fire and brimftone, which for ever (hall 
 
 remaine. 
 
 L. 
 The fight whereof fo throughly him difmaid, 
 That nought but death before his eies he 
 
 favv. 
 And ever burning wrath before him laid, 
 Bv righteous fentence of th' Almighties law. 
 Then gan the Villein him to overcraw, 
 
 XLIX. 5. ' to quaile,] Subdue, altered 
 
 from quell, as quai/d alfo appears to be, F. Q. i. viii. 14. Belg. 
 quellen, lubigere. Quell is likewife uied for to dejlroy or kill. 
 See Chaucer, Cant. T. l6l73. ed. Tyrwhitt. " The foule feud 
 him quelk." G. Douglas ufes the fubftantive qualim for de- 
 Jirufiion, in/7J. x. 4-.>. And Ruddimau derives the word from 
 the Auglo-Sax. cziea//, mors. Todd. 
 
 XLIX. 6. in a table] A jtidure. Lat. 
 
 Tabula. See F. Q. iii. iv. 10. Church. 
 
 L. 5. -^ to overcraw,] Crow over, or iiifult. 
 
 Spelt oxcrcraie for the fake of the rhyme. JMr. Warton, in his 
 Ilift, of Eng. Poetry, has converted this word into oteraxv, 
 vol. iii. p. 26'2. But that orercruxv is Spenfer's word, may be 
 proved from a pafi'age alfo in his p'iew of the State of Ireland; 
 which has been cited by Dr. .lohnfou : " A bafe varlet that, 
 being but of late growa out of tlie dunghil, beginacth uow to 
 oicrcroxc fo high mountains, &c." Todd.
 
 CANTO IX. THE FAERIE QUEEXE. 10!- 
 
 And brought unto him fwords, ropes, poifon, 
 fire, 
 
 L. 6. And brought mifo him fwords, ropes, &r.] The moft 
 poetical pallage of Higgins's performance in the Mirrour for 
 iMagiJlratcs, is in his Legend of Queene Cordila, or Cordelia; 
 who, being iinprifoned in a dungeon and '* coucht on ftrawe," 
 fees amid the darknefs of the night a ** griefly ghoft" ap- 
 proach, whofe garment was figured with various forts of im-. 
 prifonment, and pictures of violent and premature death. 
 Cordelia, in extreme terrour, aiks, 
 
 " What wight art thou, a foe or fawning frend ? 
 
 ** If Death thou art I pray thee make an end, &c." 
 The ghoft replies ; 
 
 " I am thy friend Defpai/re ! 
 
 " Now, if thou art to dye no whit afrayde, 
 
 " Here Ihalt thou choofe of inflruments, beholde, 
 
 " Shall rid thy reftlefle life " 
 Dcfpair then, throwing her robe afide, fhows Cordelia a thou- 
 land inflruments of death, knives, fliarpe fwordes, and pon- 
 yards, " all bedyde with bloode and poyfons." She prefents 
 the fword with which Dido <lew herfelf. Cordelia takes this 
 Iword, " but doubtfull yet to dye." Defpair then reprefents 
 to her the ftate and power which fhe enjoyed in France; and 
 points out her prefent melancholy condition. Cordelia gropes 
 for the fword, or " fatall knife," in the dark, which Defpair 
 places in her hand. At length Cordelia's fight fails her fo that 
 llie can fee only Defpair, who exhorts her to ftrike. Defpair 
 at laft gives the blow. The temptation of the Redcrofle Knight 
 feems to have been copied, yet with high improvements, from 
 this fcene. The three firll books of the Faerie Queene were 
 publilhed in 1590. Higgins's Legend of Cordelia in 1587. 
 
 T. Warton. 
 The three firft books of the Faerie Queene, however, were 
 probably written long before 1590> The fecond book certainly 
 was. See the note on the fine fimile of the almond tree, V. Q." 
 i. vii. 32, in which 1 have foppofed the poem to have been 
 handed about in manufcript. It is not therefore eafy to pro- 
 nounce whether Spenfer or Higgins be the copyifl. To Mr. 
 Warton's obfervation on a pafl'age in Skelton's rare comedy of 
 Magnijicence we may readily fubfcribe. See his Emend, and 
 Addit. Hirt. Eng. Poetry, vol. ii. " Magnijicence is feized and 
 robbed by Adxerfyte, by whom he is given up a prifoner to 
 Foicrte. He is next delivered to Defpare and Mifckefe, who 
 
 H3
 
 102 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 And all that might him to perdition draw ; 
 And bad him choole, what death he would 
 defire : 
 For death was dew to him, that had provokt 
 
 Gods ire. 
 
 LI. 
 But, whenas none of them he faw him take, 
 He to him raught a dagger iharpe and keene, 
 And gave it him in hand : his hand did quake 
 And tremble like a leafe of afpin greene, 
 And troubled blood through his paie face was 
 
 . feene 
 To come and goe, with tidings from the heart, 
 As it a ronning meffengcr had beene. 
 At laft, refolv'd to work his finall fmart, 
 He lifted up his hand, that backe againe didftart. 
 
 LII. 
 
 Which whenas Una faw, through every vaine 
 The crudled cold ran to her well of life, 
 
 offer him a knife and a halter. He fnatches the knife, to end 
 his miferies by ftabbing himfelf ; when Good Hope and Redrejfe 
 appear, &c. It is not impoinble, that DtspARE ojferiiig the 
 knife and halter, might give a diftant hint to Spenfer." I may 
 add, that the French poet, Du Bartas, introduces Defpair into 
 his poem, entitled The Furies, equipped with various inftru- 
 ments of Death. See Sylvefter's Tranjlation, edit. l621, p. 215, 
 
 ' " mad Defpaire 
 
 " That bears, about her, burning coales and cord?, 
 " Alps, poyfons, pifiols, halters, knives, and fwords." 
 See ajfo K. James's Tranjlation, 1591. Sign. F. 2. Todd. 
 
 LII. 1. faw,] The firft edition reads ^ear</, 
 
 which is followed by the edition of 1751. The fecond and 
 every other -fubfequent edition re^/au;. Todd.
 
 CANTO IX. THE FAERTE QUEENE. 1&5 
 
 As in a fwowne : but, foone reliv'd againe, 
 Out of his hand Ihe fnatcht the curfed knife. 
 And threw it to the ground, enraged rife, 
 And to him faid ; " Fie, fie, faint hearted 
 
 Knight, 
 What meaneft thou by this reprochfuU ftrife ? 
 Is this the battaile, which thou vauntft to fight 
 With that fire-mouthed Dragon, horrible and 
 
 bright ? 
 
 Liir. 
 " Come; come away, fraile, feeble, fleftily wight, 
 
 LII. 3. but, foone reliv'd] Brought to life 
 
 again, as Mr. Church has remark'd. This original reading of 
 the poet has been converted by all the folios, by Hughes, and 
 by the editor of Tonfon's edition of 1758, into reliev'd. Mr. 
 Church and Mr. Upton read reliv'd. Todd, 
 
 LII. 9. With that fire-mouthed Dragon, horrible and bright ?] 
 This is the fplendid monfter of romance. Mr. Upton has erro- 
 neoufly, I conceive, referred " horrible and bright to battaile ; 
 horrible in the undertaking ; and bright, glorious and renowned, 
 in its confequence." But fee F. Q. i. i. 3. " A Dragon 
 horrible and fterne," and compare i. xi. 8, and 14. See alfo 
 more particularly, i. vii. 31. 
 
 " his dreadfull hideous hedd, 
 
 " Clofe couched on the bever, feemd to throw 
 " Yrom Jlaming mouth bright fparckles &c.'' 
 This explains /^re-wauMee? in the text before us. But from the 
 Liber Feftivalis, impr. by Caxton, this paflage may alfo derive 
 illuftration : See the Legend of St. George, fign. k. iij. "Than 
 the horryble worme [the dragon] put out his hed, and./je/ out 
 fyre, and profFred batayle to faynt George." I will alfo cite an 
 elegant compound, not diHimilar toSpenfer's, from the Knight 
 of the Sea, 16OO. p, 31. " The fyre-breathing palfreys of 
 Apollo." Todd. 
 
 LIII. 1. feeble,"] This is the reading of 
 
 the firft edition, adopted by no other but thofe of Church 
 and Upton. The fecond edition, and the edition of 1751, 
 read feelif: The folios, the editions of Hughes, and that 
 
 H 4
 
 iO* THE FAERIE QUEENE, POOK I, 
 
 Ne let vaine words bewitch thy manly hart, 
 Ne divelifli thoughts dilmay thy conftant 
 
 fpright : 
 In heavenly mercies haft thou not a part ? 
 AVhy lliouldft thou then delpeire, that chofen 
 
 art ? 
 AVliere iuftice growes, there grows eke greater 
 
 grace. 
 The which doth quench the brond of helhfli 
 
 fmart, 
 
 And that accurft hand-writing doth deface : 
 
 Arii'e, lir Knight; arife, and leave this curfed 
 
 place/' 
 
 Liv. 
 
 So up he rofe, and thence amounted ftreight, 
 
 Which when the Carle beheld, and law his 
 
 gueft 
 
 pf Tonfon in 1758, 7?//y. Mr. Upton, in defence of the on-r 
 ginal reading, refers alfo to C. x. ft. 2. " Her Knight wa 
 feeble ;" and introduces, very happily, the Scriptural illuftra- 
 tions of ITheJf. y. 14. " Comfort the ^ee^/c-minded ;" of 
 V^ Matt. xxvi. 41. " The Jejh is -weak ;" and of iiow. viii. 3. 
 
 " JFeak through ihejlejli." Todd, 
 
 LIII. 5, : th.at chofen art?] Alluding to the 
 
 Do<5lriue of Eledion. Church. 
 
 LIII. 8. Jnd that accurfi handrwriting doth deface:'] 
 *' Blotting out the hand-writing of ordinances that was againll 
 ^ us, &c." Col. ii. 14. CnuHCH. 
 
 lAW 2. the Carle] The Chvrl. A word often 
 
 ufed by Spenfcr. It formerly denoted merely a ftout or fturdy 
 man. Thus Chaucer, Vrol. C. T, 548. 
 
 " The Mellere was a ftrong carl for the nonys." 
 " The true fpelling," fays a learned critick, " is karl in all 
 the Scytliian dialeds, in which it denotes a man, or v:arriour.
 
 CANTO IX. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 105 
 
 Would Cafe depart, for all his fubtlle fleiglit ; 
 He chofe an halter from among the reft, 
 And with it hong himfelfe, unhid, unbleft. 
 But death he could not worke himfelfe 
 
 thereby ; 
 For thoufand times he fo himfelfe had dreft, 
 Yet nathelelTe it could not doe him die, 
 Till he Ihould die his laft, that is, eternallj. 
 
 The primitive is car fear, ftrong. As this word was commonly 
 Aifed to fignify nifticks, the Eiiglifli from it formed churl, 
 c/iiirlij/i." See Tuo Ancient Scottijh Poems, &c. with Notes by 
 John Callander, Efq. 8vo. 1782, p. 20. Todd. 
 
 LIV. 5. iinbid,] Without faying his prayers. 
 
 See F. Q. i. i. 30, i. x. 3, vi. v. 35. Cliaucer iifes bcdc, to 
 pray. Thus Bcads-vien are prayer-men. Anglo-Sax. Biddan, 
 orare. In Popiih countries they fay their prayers, numbering 
 their beads. See Rom. R. 7372. 
 
 " A paire of bedi-s eke ftie here 
 
 " Upon a lace all of white threde, 
 
 " On which that (he her bedis bede." UPToy. 
 
 An ingenious friend is of opinion, that unhid here means 
 mthout being called. See the fifth verfe of the forty firft ftanza. 
 
 Church. 
 
 LIV. 8. Yet nath'eleffe &c.] The poet finely intimates that 
 Pefpair, fo long as this ftate of trial fhall laft, will ftill con- 
 tiime to tempt men to deftroy themfelves : But the time will 
 come when Defpair, with refpeft to his defire or power of 
 hurting good men, Ih all be no more. Cnuucu.
 
 106 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 CANTO X. 
 
 HerJaithfuU Knight f aire Una brings 
 
 To Houfe of Holinejfe ; 
 JFhere he is taught repentaunce, and 
 
 The rvay to heveiily blejje. 
 
 I. 
 
 WHAT man is he, that boalls of fleflily might 
 And vaine aff'urance of mortahty, 
 Which, all fo foone as it doth come to fight 
 Againft fpirituall foes, yields by and by. 
 Or from the fielde moft cowardly doth fly ! 
 Ne let the man afcribe it to his fl^ill, 
 That thorough grace hath gained vi6iory : 
 If any flrength M^e have, it is to ill ; 
 
 But all the good is Gods, both power and eke 
 
 will. 
 
 II. 
 By that which lately hapned, Una faw 
 
 That this her Knight was feeble, and too faint; 
 And all his finewes woxen weake and raw, 
 
 I. 1. What man is he, &c.] How foolifti is that man, who 
 boafts &c. Church. 
 
 " Curfed be the man that trufteth in man, and maketh flefh 
 his arm," Jcr. xvii. 5. Upton. 
 
 I. 9. But all the good is Gods, &c.] *' For it is God which 
 worketh in you, both to will and to do, of his good pleafure," 
 ^ Philij)j>. ii. 13. Church.
 
 CANTO X. THE FAEttlE QUEENE. 107 
 
 Through long enprifonnient, and hard con- 
 
 ftraint, 
 Which he endured in his late reftraint, 
 . That yet he was unfitt for bloody fight. 
 Therefore to cheriih him with diets daint, 
 She call; to bring him, where hechearen might, 
 Till he recovered had his late decayed plight. 
 
 III. 
 There was an auncient Houfe not far away, 
 llenowmd throughout the world for facred 
 
 lore 
 And pure unfpotted life : fo well, they fay, 
 It governd was, and guided evermore. 
 Through wifedome of a Matrone grave and 
 hore; 
 
 - II. 7. Therefore to cherijh him aiV/i diets daint, 
 
 She caft to bring him, where he chearen might,] 
 " Where he chearen might," i. e. where he might be cheared. 
 Our Knight is brought to the Houfe of Holinefs td be cured 
 of his weakneffes and difeafes : for fm is the difeafe of the foul : 
 and as the body is to be cured by its proper phyfick, fo the 
 moral defeds and difeafes of the mind are to be cured by 
 mental phyfick ; and the foul is to be reftored by the glace of 
 God. This auncient Houfe is the 'Owo? 'TrvevfjMriKOi, the fpiritual 
 houfe, mentioned in 1 Feler ii. 5. And thefe dainty diets are / 
 in Plato called, lrao-K y^yw y.a.'huv, which Cicero tranflates, 
 epuliB fermonum bonontm. Xenophon too mentions thefe dainty 
 diets, Atiirn ry,* ^v^iiv tTroci^BVire. AIICM. ^i/3. a. ks^. y . UpTON. 
 In the old Morality of Every-Man a fpiritual habitation is 
 mentioned, Every-man inquires of Knowledge, 
 
 " Where dwelleth that holy man Confeffion V* . 
 And the anfwer is, ' 
 
 " In the Hous of Salvacyon ; 
 
 " We fliall fynde hym in that place, 
 
 ** That fliall \x% comfort by Goddes grace." Todd,
 
 109 THE FAERIE QUEEJTE. BOOK I, 
 
 Whofe onely ioy was to relieve the needes 
 Of wretched foules, and helpe the helpelelTe 
 
 pore : 
 All night {he fpent in bidding of her bedes. 
 And all the day in doing good and godly deedes. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Dame Caelia men did her call, as thought 
 From heaven to come, or thether to arife ; 
 The mother of three Daughters, well up- 
 brought 
 In goodly thewes, and godly exercife : 
 The eldeit two, moft fober, chaft, and wife, 
 Fidelia and Speranza, Virgins were ; 
 Though fpoufd, yet wanting wedlocks fo- 
 
 lemnize ; 
 But faire Charifla to a lovely fere 
 AVas lincked, and by him had many pledges 
 dere. 
 
 V. 
 Arrived there, the dore they find feft lockt ; 
 
 IV. 8. to a lovely fere] Fere is here em- 
 ployed for hujband, as in Chaucer it is ufed for tcife. See Tr. 
 and Cr. B. iv. 791. edit. Urr. 
 
 : " we fhall ben tifere 
 
 * As Orpheus and Eurydice his fere :" 
 In the former of which lines i^/c/-e is the fame as in fere, u e. 
 in company, fere generally lignifying a companion. See alfo 
 the note on jfere, F. Q. i. ix. 1, Todd. 
 
 IV. 9- pledges dere.] Children. A Lati- 
 
 nifm, as Mr. Upton has obferved ; pignora char a. Thus alfo 
 Milton, Lycid. v. 107- 
 
 " Ah ! who hath reft (quoth he) my dcarcjl pledge ?" 
 
 Todd.
 
 CANTO X. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 109 
 
 For it was warely watched night and day, 
 For feare of many foes ; but, when they 
 
 knockt. 
 The porter opened unto them ftreight way. 
 He was an aged iyre, all hory gray. 
 With lookes full lowly caft, and gate full flow, 
 AVont on a ftafFe his feeble fteps to ftay, 
 Hight Humilta. They pafTe in, llouping low; 
 For flreight and narrow was the way which he^ 
 
 did fhow. 
 
 VI. 
 Each goodly thing is hardeft to begin ; 
 But, entred in, a fpatious court they fee. 
 Both plaine and pleafaunt to be walked in ; 
 Where them does meete a francklin faire 
 
 and free. 
 
 . V. 4. The porter opened &c.] It may be curious to ob- 
 ferve how particular our old poets are in defcribing thele alle- 
 gorical officers. Here Humility is the porter. See Y. Q. i. iv. 
 6", where another is minutely painted. Thus Chaucer de-^ 
 fcribes Idlenefs as the portrefs of the garden of Mirth, Kn. 
 Tale, V. 1^42, In Hawes's Graunde Amoure, edit. 1554, Cur- 
 tefy is the portrefs of the tower of Mufick, fign. I. iii. b. Sted- 
 fajlnefa is the porter of the tower of Chivalry, fign. O. ii. And 
 others are defcribed in the fame work. Milton and Fletcher 
 appoint Siu the portrefs of hell-gate. Far. Loft, B. ii. 74^, 
 where fee my note. Browne finely paints liemembraHce as tlie 
 fame officer at the door of the Houfe of Repentance, Brit, 
 Faft. B, i. p. 67. edit. 1616'. " Remembrance fate as portrefl'e 
 of this gate." Todd. 
 
 V. 9- For ftreight and narrovi &c.] Here, and in the tenth 
 ftanza, he alludes to Matt. vii. 14. " Narrow is the way whicii s/^ 
 leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it." Church. 
 
 V'l, 4. a ivaxickYm faire and free,^ A francklin 
 
 is a perfon oi" fome dillindiQn in our ancient hiftory. He
 
 110 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I 
 
 ^Lnd entertaines with comely courteous glee ; 
 His name was Zele, that him right well be- 
 came : 
 For in his fpeaches and behaveour hee 
 Did labour lively to exprefle the fame, 
 4nd gladly did them guide, till to the hall they 
 
 came. 
 
 VII. 
 
 There fayrely them receives a gentle fquyre. 
 
 Of myld demeanure and rare courtefee, 
 
 Right cleanly clad in comely fad attyre ; 
 
 In word and deede that Ihewd great modeilect 
 
 And knew his good to all of each degree ; , 
 
 makes a confpicuous figure in Chaucer ; and his manners be- 
 fpeak his wealth. Mr. Tyrwhitt cites, from Fortelcue de Leg. 
 Angl. c. 29, the following defcription oi a franklaiu : " Pater 
 familias maguis ditatus poflellionibus :" And the learned cri- 
 tick adds, that the franklin " is clafled with, but after, the 
 Mild and Armiger ; and is diftinguifhed from the Libere tenew 
 tes and Vafedi ; though, as it ihould feem, the only real diltinc- 
 tion between him and other Freeholders confifted in the large- 
 nefs of his eftate." Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, 2d. edit, vol, ii. p. 402. 
 The wealthinefs of this country gentleman is alfo marked by a 
 circumftance in Shakfpeare, K. Heti. IV. P. i. A. ii. S. 1. 
 *' There's a franklin in the wild of Kent, hath brought three 
 hundred marks with him in gold." 
 
 The epithets, here given to the franklin by Spenfer, are 
 often to be met with in the metrical romances ; but applied to 
 ladies. See Mr. Warton's note on fair and free, Milton's 
 Allcgr. V. 11. One citation, however, from Syr Eglamour^ 
 may here be pertinent : 
 
 *' He was curtys and^ree :" 
 Where curtys is the explanation of fair. Todd. 
 
 VII. 3. in comely fad attyre ;] In grave, decent^ 
 
 attyre. Hence the application of fad to colour, as in Walton's 
 Life of Bijhop Sander/on, cited by Dr. Johnfon : " I met him 
 accidentally in London, in fad-coloured clothes." Todd. 
 
 VII. 5. And knew his good &c.] That is, he knew how to
 
 CANTO X. THE FAERIE QUEENE. Ill 
 
 Hight Reverence: He them with fpeaches 
 
 meet 
 Does faire entreat; no courting nicetee. 
 But fimple, trew, and eke unfained fweet. 
 As might become a fquyre fo great perfons to 
 
 greet. 
 
 Vlir. 
 And afterwardes them to his Dame he leades, 
 That aged Dame, the Lady of the place, 
 Who all this while was bufy at her beades ; 
 Which doen, ihe up arofe with feemely grace. 
 And toward them full matronely did pace. 
 Where, when that faireft Una Ihe beheld, 
 Whom well fhe knew to fpring from hevenly 
 
 race. 
 Her heart with ioy unwonted inly fweld. 
 As feeling wondrous comfort in her weaker eld : 
 
 IX. 
 
 And, her embracing, faid ; " O happy earth. 
 Whereon thy innocent feet doe ever tread ! 
 Moft vertuous Virgin, borne of hevenly berth. 
 That, to redeeme thy woefull Parents head 
 
 behave himfelf, or could behave himfelf fuitably, &c. See F, 
 Q. vi. ii. 1, vi. v. 36. Church. 
 
 VII. 9- fo great perfons fo grce^.] This is the 
 
 reading of both Spenfer's own editions ; which is altered in the 
 fecond folio to " perfons fo great to greet," and which is 
 adopted in the folio of l679, and likewife by Mr. Church. 
 Not to mention the want of genuine authority for this reading, 
 the proximity of great to greet would alone induce me to dif- 
 card the alteration, and to follow the other editions. Todd.
 
 112 THE FAERIE QUEENt. BOOK l< 
 
 From tyfans rage and ever-dying dread, 
 Haft wandred through the world now long 
 
 a day, 
 Yett cealTeft not thy weary foles to lead ; 
 What grace hath thee now hether brought 
 this way ? 
 Or doen thy feeble feet unweeting hether ftray ? 
 
 X. 
 
 " Straunge thing it is art errant Knight to fee 
 Plere in this place ; or any other wight, 
 That hether turnes his fteps : So few there bee, 
 Thatchofe the narrow path, or feeke the right ! 
 Allkeepe the broad high way, and take delight 
 ' With many rather for to goe aftray, 
 And be partakers of their evill plight, 
 '^Phen with a few to walke the righteft way : 
 
 O \ foolifti men, why haft ye to your own decay ?" 
 
 XI. 
 
 " Thy felfe to fee, and tyred limbes to reft, 
 O Matrone fage," quoth flie, " I hether came ; 
 And this good Knight his way with me ad- 
 
 dreft, 
 Ledd with thy prayfes, and broad-blazed 
 
 fame. 
 That up to heven is blowne.'* The auncient 
 
 Dame 
 Him goodly greeted in her modeft guyfe. 
 And enterteynd them both, as beft became.
 
 CANTO X. THE FAERIE QUEENEi H3 
 
 With all the courtTies that (lie could devyfe, 
 Ne wanted ought to (hew her bounteous or wile. 
 
 Xlli 
 Thus as they gan of fondrie thinges devife, 
 Loe ! two moft goodly Virgins came in place, 
 Ylinked arme in arme, in lovely wife ; 
 With countenance demure, and modefl; grace. 
 They numbred even fteps and equall pace : 
 Of which the eldeft, that Fidelia hight, 
 
 XII. 4i JFiih countenance demure, and modejl grace, 
 
 They nmiibrcd even fteps a7id equall pace ;] From 
 this interefting and moft elegant painting Milton drew his pfen-* 
 five nun; and the copy equals the original. See //. Fefif* 
 ver. 32. 
 
 " Come, penfive Nunj disvout and pure> 
 
 *' Sober, ftedfaftj and demure 
 
 " Come> but keep thy wonted ftatCj 
 
 *' VV^ith evenjlcp, and muftng gait." 
 I have fhown in a note on demure in this paflage of Milton, 
 that it was an epithet of refpecl often given, by our ancient 
 poets, to the ladies. Spenfer's entire exprelhon, I may add^ 
 occurs in T/ie Maydens Crojfe Rewe, impr. by R. Wyer. Sign. 
 A. ij. b. 
 
 " Haue gentyll chere and countenaunce demure, 
 " Haue good remorfe &c/' Todd. 
 XII. 6, Fidelia^ Faithy here introduced as a perfon, is 
 what divines call juftifying or faving faith, and, according to 
 the apoftle, the fubjlance of things hoped for, the evidence of 
 thijigs not feen : 'tis the afl'ured expedation of things hoped 
 for : and confequently flie is the elder fifter of Hope. She no 
 ivhitt did chaunge her conjlant mood; for the profeffion of faith 
 is to be without wavering, Heb. x. 23. Her face is glorifted : 
 Like funny beams threw from her cryjlal face : i. e. She threw 
 from her face beams refembling the beams of the fun. Her 
 radiated head is a type of her divinity, and fliews her to be not 
 a credulous and earthly, but a heavenly and Chriftian, faith. 
 The cup flie holds in her right hand is of pure gold, not deceit- 
 ful as the cup of Duefta or Circe ; 'tis the facramental cup. 
 See I John v. 6, and John xix. 34. The primitive Chriftians +" 
 
 VOL. III. 1
 
 114 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK T,> 
 
 Like funny beames threw from her chriftall 
 
 face 
 That could have dazd the rafti beholders 
 fight, 
 And round about her head did ihine like he- 
 vens light. 
 
 T XIII. 
 
 She was araied all in lilly white, 
 
 And in her right hand bore a cup of gold. 
 With wine and water fild up to the hight, 
 In which a ferpent did himfelfe enfold, 
 That horrour made to all that did behold ; 
 
 mixed water and wine in tlieir Sacrament. In which a ferpent 
 did hiwfelf enfold : Macrobius fays the I'erpent is an emblem of 
 health, Sat. i, 20. He renews himfelf, and grows young again 
 by ftripping off his old Ikin or flough : he is therefore the typi- 
 cal mark of /Efculapius and the phyficians. So the ferpent 
 lifted vp in the wildernefs, was" the type of the great phyfician 
 y/ of fouls lifted vp on the crofs, John iii. 14. In her left hand 
 Faith holds the New Teftament ; what is faid of that Book, is 
 taken from what St. Peter fays of St. Paul's Epiftles, In -which 
 are fame things hard to be underjtood. Faith is araid all in lilly 
 white: In Scripture, white raiments are the raiments of angels 
 and of the faints in heaven. So too the poets drefs Faith. 
 See Ilor. L. i. Od. 35, and Ariofto, OrLFur. C. xxi. 1. 
 
 Uptov, 
 
 XII. 7. Like funny beames &c.] An alludon to the glory of 
 "IMofes's face : " Behold, the flcin of his (dce Jltone ; and they 
 V "were afraid to come nigh him," Exod. xxxiv. 30. Todd. 
 
 XII, 8. That could have daz'd] That which could have 
 dazed. That, put for that which, occurs in other places, and 
 may miflead a reader not acquainted with Spenfer's manner. 
 See F. Q. i. xi. 27, iv. i. 29- He Ihould not have omitted 
 which in the laft line of the ftanza before us, " And which- 
 round about &c." This was a common fault of his age ; and 
 our liturgy affords a fimilar inltance of it : " To do always thnt 
 ia righteous in thy fight." T. WAKToy.
 
 CANTO X. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 115 
 
 But (lie no whitt did chaunge her conftant 
 
 mood : 
 And in her other hand fhe fad did hold 
 A Booke, that was both lignd and feald with 
 
 blood ; 
 Wherein darke things were writt, hard to be 
 
 underftood. 
 
 XIV. 
 Her younger fifter, that Speranza hight, 
 Was clad in blew, that her befeemed well ; 
 Not all fo chearefull feemed (lie of light, 
 As was her filler ; whether dread did dwell 
 
 XIII. 6. ButJJie notishitt did chaunge her cotiftant mood :] It 
 is probable that Milton had this paflTage in mind, when he made 
 the Elder Brother in Comus exprel's too noble an opinion of 
 his Sifter to fuppofe 
 
 " that the fingle want of light and noife 
 
 ** Could ftir the conjlant mood of her calm thoughts." 
 
 Todd. 
 
 XIV. 1. Speratiza] Chriftian hope is a firm expeftation of 
 the promifes of God ; and, as Hope is iri expeftation and not 
 iu poffelhon, (lie does not feem altogether as cheerful as her 
 fifter, becaufe hope is attended with fome mixture of fear ; and 
 'tis in another world that hope is fwallowed up in certainty. 
 This hope is diftinguiflie.d from worldly hope as having its fure 
 foundation in God, who is truth: hence flie is clad mbhie>- 
 See Chaucer's Court of Love, v. 246. 
 
 " Lo yondir folke, quoth flie, that knele in blenoy 
 
 " They weare the colour ay and evir ihal, 
 " In figne they were and evir wil be true, 
 
 " Withoutiu chaunge." ' 
 
 We are to " lay hold upon the hope fet before us, which hop* 
 we have as an anchor of the foul, both fure and ftedfaft," Heb. '^ 
 vi. 19. So here her pidlure is drawn with an anchor in her 
 hand. 'Tis a.Jilver anchor, refined from the drofs of this world. 
 *' He that hath this hope in him purifieth himfelf as he is pure,'' 
 I John iii. 3. Uptox. /' 
 
 I 2
 
 116 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Or anguifh in her hart, is hard to tell : 
 Upon her arme a lilver anchor lay. 
 Whereon (he leaned ever, as befell ; 
 And ever up to heven, as (he did pray, 
 Her ftedfafl eyes were bent, ne Ivvarved other 
 
 way. 
 
 XV. 
 They, feeing Una, towardes her gan wend, 
 Who them encounters with like courtefee ; 
 Many kind fpeeches they betweene them 
 
 fpend. 
 And greatly ioy each other for to fee : 
 Then to the Knight with fliamefaft modeftie 
 They turne themfelves, at Unaes meeke re- 
 
 queftj 
 
 And him falute with well befeeming glee ; 
 
 Who faire them quites, as him befeemed belt, 
 
 And goodly gan difcourfe of many a noble geft* 
 
 XVI. 
 
 Then Una thus ; " But ilie, your lifter deare. 
 The deare CharilFa, where is (he become ? 
 
 XV. 9. mant) a nolle geft,] Aftion, or Adventure. 
 
 Chaucer thus employs the word. It is ufually applied to the 
 exploits of chivalry: " Cy fiiiilt I'hyftoire des faidtzs, gefies, &c. 
 du noble et vaillant Cheualier aux amies Doree." In the 
 ancient vocabular}-, Prompt. Parv. it is thus explained, " Geefi 
 or Romawiice, Gejlio." See Glofl'. Tyrwhitt's Chaucer. Todd. 
 
 XVI. 2. The deare Charijja, where is tlie become r] The 
 expreflion, Where is Jhc become? means, where is Hie, and what 
 is become of her ? So, in tlie hijl. of Prince Arthur, Part ii. C, 14. 
 ** Ah ! thou falfe traiterell'e, tiherc isjhe become f And Shak- 
 fpeare K. Hen. VI. P. 3. " But, madam, rohere is Warwick tlica 
 become?" See alfo F. Q, iii, iv. I. Upton.
 
 CANTO X. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 117 
 
 Or wants fhe health, or bufie is elfwhere ?" 
 " Ah ! no," faid they, " but forth fhe may 
 
 not come ; 
 For (he of late is lightned of her wombe, 
 And hath encreaft the world with one fonne 
 
 more, 
 That her to fee fhould be but troublefome/' 
 " Indeed,'' quoth Ihe, *' that (hould her trou- 
 ble fore ; 
 But thankt be God, and her encreafe fo ever- 
 
 more ! 
 
 xvir. 
 Then faid the aged Caelia ; " Deare dame. 
 And you, good Sir, 1 wote that of youre toyle 
 And labors long, through which ye hether 
 
 came. 
 Ye both forwearied be : therefore a whyle 
 I read you reft, and to your bowres recoyle/' 
 Then called flie a groome, that forth him ledd 
 Into a goodly lodge, and gan defpoile 
 Of puiflant armes, and laid in eaiie bedd : 
 His name was meeke Obedience rightfully aredd, 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 Now when their wearie limbes with kindly reft, 
 
 And bodies were refreftit with dew repaft, 
 
 XVII. 5. I read you reft, and to your bnwres recoyle.] I ad- 
 rife you to repole yourl'elves, and retire to your chambers. 
 He ufes read (or advife, F. Q. ii. viii. 12. 
 
 " Abandon loon, I i-ead, the caytive fpoile '^ 
 fUcoyle, Fr. reculer, retire. Church. 
 
 J3
 
 118 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I^ 
 
 Fayre Una gan Fidelia fayre requeft, 
 To have herKnight into her Schoolehous plafte. 
 That of her heavenly learning he might tafte. 
 And heare the wifedom of her wordes divine. 
 She graunted ; and that Knight fo much 
 
 agrafie, 
 That Ihe him taught celeftiall difcipline, 
 And opened his dull eyes, that hght mote in 
 
 them fliine. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 And that her facred JBooke, with blood ywritt. 
 That none could reade except flie did them 
 
 teach, 
 She unto him difclofed every whitt ; 
 And heavenly documents thereout did preach, 
 That weaker witt of man could never reach ; 
 Of God; of Grace ; of luftice ; of Free-will; 
 That wonder w as to heare her goodly fpeach : 
 I'or ftie was hable with her wordes to kill, 
 
 And rayfe againe to life the hart that ilie did 
 thrill. 
 
 XVIII. 7. fo much agrafte,] Shewed h'nn fo 
 
 vnich grace and favour. Ital. aggratiare. Upton, 
 
 XV III. (). And opened his dull eyes, &c.] An allufion to 
 Ephcf. \. 18. " The eyes of your underilandiug being enlight- 
 ened." Todd. 
 
 XIX, 1, Jnd that her facred Booke, with blood wariV,] Be- 
 Caufe ratified with the blood of Chrift, typified by thefprinkling 
 of tlie blood and by the facrifices in the old law. See Heb. ix, 
 20. Prelently after, For /he teas hable -with her wordes to kill. 
 See II Coritith. iii. 6. " The letter kiUcthf but the fpirit givetlj 
 tiff," U?TON.
 
 CANTO X. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 119 
 
 XX. 
 
 And, when ftie lift poure out her larger fpright, 
 She would coramaund the hafty funne to ftay. 
 Or backward turne his courfe from hevens 
 
 hight : 
 Sometimes great hoftes of men fhe could dif- 
 
 may ; 
 Dry-fliod to pafTe (he parts the flouds in tway ; 
 And eke huge mountaines from their native feat 
 She would commaund themfelves to beare 
 
 away, 
 And throw in raging fea with roaring threat: 
 Almightie God her gave fuch powre and puif- 
 
 faunce great. 
 
 XXI. 
 The faithfull Knight now grew in little fpace^ 
 , By hearing her, and by her fifters lore, 
 To fuch perfe6iion of all hevenly grace. 
 That wretched world he gan for to abhore. 
 And mortall life gan loath as thing forlore, 
 Greevd with remembrance of his wicked 
 wayes, 
 
 XX. 2. She would commaund the hajly funne tofiay. 
 
 Or backward turne his courfe &c.J See Jo/Ji. x. 12, "^ 
 II Kin^s XX. 10. Church. y 
 
 XX. 4. Sometimes great hojles of men &c.] See Gideon's 
 viftory, Judges \u. Chukch. ^ 
 
 XX. 5. Dry-fiod &c.] This fine line is wanting in the firft 
 and fecond editions, no doubt through the careleflnefs of the 
 printer. It is firft found in the folio of ifiop. It alludes to 
 the Paflage of the Ifraelites through the Red Sea. Cnuucu. 
 
 XX. 6. And eke &c.] See Matt. xxi. 21. Ciivkch. / 
 
 i4 
 
 ^
 
 120 THE FAEKIE QUEENE. BOOK U 
 
 And pricktwith anguifh of his iinnes fo fore. 
 That he defirde to end his wretched dayes : 
 So much the dart of finfull guilt the foule dif- 
 mayes ! 
 
 XXII. 
 
 But wife Speranza gave him comfort fweet. 
 And taujrht him how to take afmred hold 
 Upon her filver anchor, as was meet ; 
 Els has his iinnes fo great and manifold 
 Made him forget all that Fidelia told. 
 In this diftrelied doubtfull agony, 
 When him his deareft Una did behold 
 Difdeining life, defiring leave to dye. 
 
 She found her felfe aifayld with great perplexity i 
 
 XXIII. 
 And came to Caelia to declare her fmart ; 
 Who well acquainted with that commune 
 
 plight. 
 Which iinfuU horror workes in wounded hart, 
 Her wifely comforted all that {he might, 
 With goodly counfell and advifement right; 
 And ftreightway fent with carefull diligence. 
 To fetch a leach, the which had great infight 
 In that difeafe of grieved confcience, 
 And well could cure the fame ; his name was 
 Patience. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 Who, comming to that fowle-difeafed Knight, 
 Could hardly him intreat to tell his grief;
 
 CANTO X. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 121 
 
 Which knowne, and all, that noyd his heavie 
 
 fpright, 
 Well iearcht, eftfoones he gan apply relief 
 Of falves and med'cine.s, which had paffing 
 
 prief; 
 
 And thereto added wordes of wondrous might: 
 
 By which to eafe he him recured brief, 
 
 And much aswag'd the paffion of his plight,. 
 
 That he his paine endur'd, as feeming now more 
 
 light. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 But yet the caufe and root of all his ill, 
 Inward corruption and infe6led fin, 
 Not purg'd nor heald, behind remained flill, 
 And feftring fore did ranckle yett within, 
 Clofe creeping twixt the marow and the (kin: 
 Which to extirpe, he laid him privily 
 Downe in a darkfome lowly place far in. 
 Whereas he meant his corrolives to apply. 
 
 And with ftreight diet tame his ftubborne 
 malady. 
 
 XXIV. 5. pafling prief;'] So, in ft. 31, 
 
 paffing price," furpaffhig, extraordinari/. So Chaucer, p. 120. 
 ed. Urr. 
 
 " I warne you well he is a pnffing man." 
 So Shaklpeare, in Othello : 
 
 " She fwore in faith 'twas ftrange, 'twas paffing ftrange." 
 Milton too, Par. Loji, B. xi. 717. 
 
 " where paffiing fair 
 
 " Allur'd them." Chuhcii. 
 
 XXV. 6. Which to extirpe,] Extirpate, Lat. extirpare. 
 He fpells it near the French idiom, extirper. UPToy. 
 
 XXV. 8. Whereas he meant his corrofives to apply,] This
 
 122 .THE FAEUIE QUEENE. BOOK f. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 In afhes and fackcloth he did array 
 
 His daintie corfe, proud humors to abate ; 
 And dieted with fading every day, 
 The fwelHng of his woundes to mitigate ; 
 And made him pray both earely and eke late : 
 And ever, as fuperfluous flefh did rott, 
 Amendment readie ftill at hand did wayt. 
 To pluck it out with pincers fyrie whott, 
 
 tThat foone in him was lefte no one corrupted 
 
 iott. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 And bitter Penaunce, with an yron whip, 
 
 Was wont him once to difple every day : 
 
 is the reading of Spenfer's own editions. Mr. Church fuppofes 
 that Spenfer gave, 
 
 " Whereas he meant corrofives to apply ;" 
 and that his crept in, by a flip of the printer's eye, from the 
 line following ; unlel's the poet wrote, which he hardly be- 
 lieves, cor'fives, as in F. Q. iv. ix. 14-. But corrojives is here to 
 be pronounced haftily, (as innocent frequently is in this poem, 
 being ufed only as a difyllable,) and with the accent on the 
 firft fyllable, as Drayton accents it in his Shepheards Garland, 
 edit. 1593, p. 6. 
 
 " Ay me ! confuming coroftves they be," 
 See the note alfo on cor'Jives, F. Q. iv. ix. 14. Todd, 
 
 XXVII. 2. to d'li^le evert/ dat/ :] By to 
 
 difple, that is, to difciple or difcipline, were formerly fignified 
 the penitentiary whippings, pradifed among the monks ; fo 
 that it is here applied with the greateft propriety. In Fox's 
 Book of Martyrs there is an old wood-cut, in which the whip- 
 ping of an beretick is reprefented ; with this title, " The 
 DisPLiNG of John Whitelock." Displing friers was a com- 
 mon exprelfion, as it is found in A Wurlde of Wonders, l608. 
 p. 175. Milton ufes it with allufion to the fame fenfe. " 'Tis 
 nly the merry frier in Chaucer can difpk them," Of Kef. in
 
 CANTO X. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 123 
 
 And ftiarp Remorfe his hart did prick and nip. 
 That drops of blood thence hke a well did play : 
 And fad Repentance ufed to embay 
 His body in fait water fmarting fore. 
 The filthy blottes of fin to wafli away. 
 So in ihort fpace they did to health reftore 
 The ]Man that would not live, but erft lay at 
 deathes dore. 
 
 Eiig. Birch's edit. vol. i. p, 13. Difciplinay in the Spanifh lan- 
 guage, fignifies the fcourge which was ufed by penitents for 
 thofe very purpofes of rehgious flagellation. T, Waiiton. 
 
 XXV'II. 6. His body in fait "water fmarting fore,] I have 
 here admitted into the context the reading of the 2d edition 
 and folio of l6'09 ; which feems to me Spenfer's own correction. 
 The allufion is to the expiatory ablufions. See Pfal. li. 2, Ifa, 
 i. l6. We have here introduced, as three different perfons. 
 Penance, Remorfe, and Repentance. There is a diftindtion made 
 in the church between penance and repentance : the former is 
 forrow a:Ad contrition for fins ; the latter, a thorough hatred 
 of them, and a change of mind. But I am apt to think that our 
 poet, in his defcription of this Houfe of Holinefs, had likewife 
 a view to that beautiful picture of Cebes, where ETAAIMONnN 
 OIKHTHPION, the Houfe of the BleJJ'ed, might add to his image 
 of this Houfe of Holinefs : Dame Caelia anfwers exaftly in 
 defcription to Erudition, truly fo called, K(x^t<rrmv7 to 'a^cruTrof, 
 ft-is-r, Je j^ xxpjixi>) n^n rn rl^^x^. Pcnaunce is the pidure of T/x^', 
 ii Tr,i/ ijt,xriy 'X*'""'*' Remorfe is 'a^jmcc. Repentance, Msraw**. . 
 
 Upton. 
 I mull here again notice the old Morality of Every-man ; 
 ibr Confeffion (after Every-man has been introduced by Know^ 
 ledge to the Houfe of Salvation) appoints Every-man penance i 
 who anfwers ; 
 
 " Knowlege, gyve me the fcourge of penaunce, 
 " ]\Iy flesfhe therwith fliall gyve acqueyntaunce, &c." 
 And prefently adds, 
 
 " Now of penaunce I wyll wade the water clere " 
 Jle then is advifed to put on the garment of Contrition ; and 
 Good-deedes, his fupporter, encourages his hope of mercy. Spen- 
 fer's firft edition readsj " His blameJuU body in fait "wattr font ;"
 
 124 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK t. 
 
 xxviir. 
 
 In which his torment often was fo great, 
 That, hke a lyon, he would cry and rore ; 
 And rend hisflefli; and his owne fynewes eat. 
 His owne deare Una, hearing evermore 
 His rueful! Ihriekes and gronings, often tore 
 Her guiltlefle garments and her golden heare. 
 For pitty of his pay ne and anguiih fore : 
 Yet all with patience wifely Ihe did beare ; 
 
 Por well ihe wift his cry me could els be never 
 cleare. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 Whom, thus recover'd by wife Patience 
 
 And trew Repentaunce, they to Una brought ; 
 Who, ioyous of his cured confcience, 
 Him dearely kift, and fayrely eke befought 
 Himfelfe to chearifh, and confuming thought 
 To put away out of his careful! breft. 
 By this CharilTa, late in child-bed brought. 
 
 which is followed by Mr. Church and others. Tonfon's edi- 
 tion of 1758 admits the alteration. Todd. 
 
 XXIX. 7. Charijfa,] 'Tis finely imagined by Spenfer to 
 bring his Chriftian hero at laft to Charity: for Chriftian charity 
 is the completion of all Chriftian graces ; *' the end of the 
 commandment is charity." See 1 Cor. xiii. Charity is arrayed 
 in yellow robes ; fhe is a married matron : and fo the God of 
 marriage was dreft, Ovid, Met. x. i. She has on her head a 
 crown of gold, a crown of glory thatfadeth not away, I Peter v. 
 4. Gold is a mettle that is pure and never corrupts ; emble- 
 matically (hewing that Charity remains for ever : Her fifterg 
 will die ; Faith will be loft in vifion ; Hope in enjoyment : but 
 Charity will continue for ever. Upton.
 
 CAVTO X. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 125 
 
 Was woxen ftrong, and left her fruitfull neft : 
 
 To her fayre Una brought this unacquainted 
 
 gueft. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 She was a woman in her freflieft age. 
 
 Of wondrous beauty, and of bounty rare. 
 With goodly grace and comely perfonage, 
 That was on earth, not eaiie to compare ; 
 Full of great love ; but Cupids wanton fnare 
 As hell Ihe hated ; chafte in worke and will ; 
 Her necke and brefts were ever open bare. 
 That ay thereof her babes might fucke their 
 fill; 
 
 The reft was all in yellow robes arayed ftilU 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 A multitude of babes about her hong, 
 
 Playing their fportes, that ioyd her to behold } 
 Whom ftill fhe fed, whiles they were weake 
 
 and young, 
 But thruft them forth ftill as they wexed old : 
 And on her head (lie wore a tyre of gold, 
 Adornd with gemmes and owches wondrous 
 
 fayre, 
 
 XXXI. 6. Adornd with gemmes and owches] ' Oxsches here 
 feem intended for jewels. See alfo F. Q. i. ii. 13, iii. iv. 23. 
 In Exod. xxviii. 11. " Owches of gold," fignify the collets in 
 which the precious ftones were to be placed. Barret, in his 
 Di6i. 1580, under the word Jervell, calls the 07ich " a collar 
 that women vfed about their neckes ;" and again, under iht^ 
 word ouh, terms it " a carcanet, or ouch to hang about agen- 
 tleiiiOJiKuis nccke." Todd.
 
 1S6 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK li 
 
 Whofe palTing price uneath was to be told : 
 And by her fyde there fate a gentle payre 
 Of turtle doves, (he fitting in an yvory chayre. 
 
 XXXII. 
 The Knight and Una entring fayre her greet, 
 And bid her ioy of that her happy brood ; 
 Who them requites with court'lies feeming 
 meet, 
 ^ And entertaynes with friendly chearefull 
 mood. 
 Then Una her befought, to be fo good 
 As in her vertuous rules to fchoole her 
 
 Knight, 
 Now after all his torment well withftood 
 In that fad Houfe of Penaunce, where hi? 
 fpright 
 Had paft the paines of hell and long-enduring 
 night. 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 She was right ioyous of her iuft requeft ; 
 
 And, taking by the hand that Faeries fonne, 
 Gan him inftru6t in everie good beheft, 
 Of Love; and Righteoufnes ; and Well to 
 donne; 
 
 XXXII. 9. Had paft] I ftiould fuppofe pajl is here ufed 
 iorfuffered. haX. pajjus. Church. 
 
 XXXIII. 4. And Well to donne;] That is, and of 
 
 Well doing. Kai to xXw? woitrx. A. S. hon, faccre. So Chau- 
 cer, in the Knight's TalCf 995. " To don oblequies, as tho was 
 thagife." Uptoit.
 
 CANTO X. tHE FAERTE QUEENK 127 
 
 And Wrath and Hatred warely to flionne. 
 That drew on men Gods hatred and his wrath, 
 And many foules in dolours had fordonne : 
 In which when him flie well inftru6led hath, 
 From thence to heaven (he teacheth him the 
 
 ready path. 
 
 XXXIV. 
 Wherein his weaker wandring fteps to guyde. 
 An auncient Matrone (lie to her does call, 
 Whofe fober lookes her wifedome well def- 
 
 cryde ; 
 Her name was Mercy ; well knowne over all 
 To be both gratious and eke liberall : 
 To whom the carefall charge of him ihe gave. 
 To leade aright, that he fliould never fall 
 In all his waies through this wide worldes 
 wave ; 
 That Mercy in the end his righteous foule 
 mi^ht fave. 
 
 o 
 
 XXXV 
 
 The godly Matrone by the hand him beares 
 Forth from her prefence, by a narrow way, 
 Scattred with bulhy thornes and raggecl 
 
 breares, 
 Which ftili before him Ihe remov'd away. 
 That nothing might his ready pafifage (lay : 
 And ever when his feet encombred were, 
 
 XXXIV. 4. > Mercy ; &c.] Alluding to P/aU V'"^ 
 
 G\lv. 9. Church.
 
 128 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I# 
 
 Or gan to fhrinke, or from the right to ftraj, 
 She held him faft, and firmelj did upbeare ; 
 As carefull nourfe her child from faUing oft 
 does reare. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 Eftfoones unto an holy Hofpitall, 
 
 That was forebj the way, (lie did him bring; 
 In which Seven Bead-men, that had vowed all 
 Their life to fervice of high heavens Kingy 
 Did fpend their daies in doing godly thing : 
 Their gates to all were open evermore. 
 That by the wearie way were traveiling ; 
 And one fate wayting ever them before^ 
 
 To call in commers-by, that needy were and 
 pore. 
 
 , XXXVII. 
 
 The Firft of them, that eldeft was and beft, 
 
 XXXVI. 3. In "which Seven Bead-men, &c.] 'Tis no fmall 
 elegance in our poet thus mafterly to contrail and oppofe his 
 images. The Knight was carried by Duefla to the Houfe of 
 Pride, where he I'aw and luckily avoided the Seven deadly- 
 Sins : he is now brought by Una to Dame Caelia, where he is 
 difciplined in facred lore, and brought to a holy Hofpital to 
 be inured to Charity, which is reduced by the fchoolmen to 
 feven heads : viz. 
 
 i. To entertain thofe in diftrefs. 
 
 ii. To feed the hungry, and to give dnnk to the thirfty. 
 
 iii. To cloath the naked. 
 
 iv. To relieve prifoners and redeem captives. 
 
 t. To comfort the fick. 
 
 vi. To bury the dead. 
 
 vii- To provide for the widow and orphan, UpToy. 
 
 XXXVII. 1. beft,] Firji in precedence. 
 
 So it is explaiaed io the fecond line of ii. 4i. Ch u iich.
 
 CANTO X. tHE PAtRIE QUEENE; 129 
 
 Of all the houfe had chai'ge and governement, 
 As guardian and fteward of the reft : 
 His office was to give eritertainem^nt 
 And lodging unto all that came and went ; 
 Not unto fuch as could him feaft againe, 
 And double quite for that he on them fpent; 
 But fuch, as want of harbour did conftraine : 
 
 Thofe for Gods fake his dewty was to entertaine. 
 XXXVIII. 
 
 The Second was as almner of the place : 
 His office was the hungry for to feed, 
 And thrifty give to drinke ; a worke of grace : 
 He feard not once himfelfe to be in need, 
 Ne car'd to hoord for thofe whom he did 
 
 breede : 
 The grace of God he layd up ftill in ftore, 
 Which as a ftocke he left unto his feede : 
 He had enough; what need him care for 
 more ? 
 
 And l^ad he lefle, yet fome he would give to the 
 pore. 
 
 XXXVIII. 3. And thrifty] Thirfti/. Spenfer's own edi- 
 tions here again read thrifty, which Ibme editions have altered 
 to thirjly. See the note on thrifty, F. Q. i. v. 15. Our old 
 writers ufed this orthography. Thus, in The Proverbes oJ'Lyd- 
 gate, impr. by VVynkyn de Worde, Sign. B. iij. 
 
 " Of Cerberus thynfernall tryble chayne, 
 " Nor of Tantalus honger nor thruJlynejD'e, Sec." 
 See alfo the Statutes of War, &c. 1513, Sign. C. i. b. " Alfo 
 that every man pay his thryddes, to his capitayne lorde and 
 maifter, of all nianer wynnynge by wane;" where thryddes 
 mean thirds. Todd. 
 
 VOL. III. K
 
 130 THE FAERIE QUEEXE. BOOK I, 
 
 XXXIX. 
 The Third had of their wardrobe cuftody, 
 In which were not rich tyres, nor garments 
 
 The plumes of pride, and winges of vanity, 
 But clothes meet to keep keene cold away, 
 And naked nature feemely to aray ; 
 AVith which bare wretched wights he dayly 
 
 clad. 
 The images of God in earthly clay ; 
 And, if that no fpare clothes to give he had, 
 His owne cote he would cut, and- it diftribute 
 
 glad. 
 
 XL- 
 
 The Fourth appointed by his office was* 
 
 Poore prifoners to relieve with gratious aj^d. 
 And captives to redeeme with price of bras 
 From Turkes and Sarazins, which them had 
 
 ftayd ; 
 And though they faulty were, yet well he 
 
 wayd, 
 That God to us forgiveth every howre 
 
 XL. 5. And though thet/ faulty were, &c.] That is, And 
 though perhaps thole prifoners and captives might have been 
 guilty of faults, and deferving their captivity, yet he well con- 
 fidered, that God forgiveth us daily much more than that, 
 which occafioned their captivity. L'ptox. 
 
 By this it fliould feem, that thofe, euflaved by the Turks, 
 were guilty of crimes, &c. But the poet would fignify, by they 
 faulty were, the prifoners firft mentioned, who were defervedly 
 imprifoned on account of their crimes. T. Wauton.
 
 CANTO X. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 131 
 
 Much more then that why thej in bands 
 
 were layd ; 
 And He, thatharrovvd hell with heavie ftowre, 
 The faulty foules from thence brought to his 
 heavenly bowre. 
 XLI. 
 The Fift had charge iick perfons to attend. 
 And comfort thofe in point of death which lay ; 
 For them moft needeth comfort in the end. 
 When Sin, and Hell, and Death, doe moll 
 
 difmay 
 The feeble foule departing hence away. 
 All is but loft, that living we beftow, 
 If not well ended at our dying day. 
 O man ! have mind of that lali; bitter throw ; 
 For as the tree does fall, fo lyes it ever low . 
 
 XLII. 
 The Sixt had charge of them now being dead, 
 
 XL. 8. that harrowd hell] Subdued hell. So 
 
 Chaucer, Mill. T. 3512. edit. Tynvhitt. " By liim that harwcd 
 helle ;" harried. Sax. harrajfed, fubdued, ("ays Mr. Tyrwhitt ; 
 who adds, that " our anceftors were very fond of a ftory of 
 Chrift's exploits in his Defceiifus ad inferos, which they called 
 the harrowing of helle. They took it, with feveral others of 
 the fame ftamp, from the gofpel of Nicodemus. Fabr. Cod. 
 Apoc. N. T. There is a poem upon this fubjedt in MS. Bodl. 
 1687. 
 
 * Hou Jefu Crift hero-wed helle 
 
 * Of harde geftes ich wille telle V* 
 
 See Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, vol. 2. p. 430, 2d. edit. And thus alfo 
 in the romance of Syr Eglammire : 
 
 " He fwore by Him that haroxced hell." Todd. 
 XLI. 9. Forasthetree&:c.]StcEcclef.xi.3. CiiURCjr. ^ 
 
 K 2
 
 132 THE FAERIE QUEEXE. BOOK I, 
 
 In feemely fort their corfes to engrave, 
 And deck with dainty flowres their brjdall 
 
 bed, 
 That to their heavenly Spoufe both fweet 
 
 and brave 
 Tliey might appeare, when He their foules 
 
 lliall lave. 
 The wondrous workmaniliip of Gods owne 
 
 mould, 
 Whole face He made all beaftes to feare, 
 
 and gave 
 All in his hand, even dead we honour fliould. 
 Ah, deareft God, me graunt, I dead be not 
 
 defbuld ! 
 
 XLIII. 
 The Seventh, now after death and buriall done, 
 Had charge the tender orphans of the dead 
 And wydowes ayd, leaft they Ihould be un- 
 done : 
 In face of iudgement he their right would 
 
 plead, 
 Xe ought the powre of mighty men did dread 
 
 XLII. 2. to engrave,] To put into the 
 
 grave, to burj'. Chukch. 
 
 XUl. 7. U'/iofc face he made all beajles to feare, and gave 
 
 J II ill his /laud,] Ihat is, into tckoj's hand he 
 gave all. T. W.vutox. 
 
 See Vful, viii. (), cScc. Church. 
 
 XLIll. 2. the tender orphans of the dead 
 
 And -wifdones aj/d,] To aid the tender orphans 
 and widows of the dead. C'li u ucn.
 
 CANTO X. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 133 
 
 In their defence ; nor would for gold or fee 
 Be wonne their rightful! cauies downe to 
 
 tread : 
 And, when they flood in moft neceflfitee, 
 
 He did fupply their want, and gave them ever 
 free. 
 
 XLIV. 
 
 There when the Elfin Knight arrived was. 
 The firll and chiefeft of the Seven, whofe care 
 Was guefls to welcome, towardes him did pas; 
 Where feeing Mercie, that his fteps upbare 
 And alwaies led, to her with reverence rare 
 He humbly louted in meeke lowlinefle, 
 And feemely welcome for her did prepare : 
 For of their Order (lie was Patronelle, 
 
 Albe CharilTa were their chiefeft Foundereile. 
 
 XLV. 
 
 There fhe awhile him ftayes, himfelfe to reft, 
 That to the reft more hable he might bee : 
 During which time, in every good beheft, 
 And godly worke of Almes and Charitee, 
 Shee him inftru6led with great induftree. 
 Shortly therein fo perfeft he became, 
 That, from the firft unto the laft degree. 
 His mortall life he learned had to frame 
 
 In holy righteoufneffe, without rebuke or blame. 
 
 XLVI. 
 
 Thence forward by that painfull way they pas
 
 134 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Forth to an Hill, that was both fteepe and hy ; 
 On top whereof a facred Chappell was, 
 And eke a litle Hermitage thereby. 
 Wherein an aged holy man did lie, 
 That day and night faid his devotion, 
 Ne other worldly bufmes did apply : 
 His name was Hevenly Contemplation ; 
 Of God and goodnes was his meditation. 
 
 XLVII. 
 
 Great grace that old man to him given had ; 
 
 XLVI. 2. to an Hill, that was hothjleepe and hy ;"] The 
 
 refidence alTigned lo Contemplation is often in woods or groves. 
 See Milton's Conius, ver. 377. See alio the next note on Gon- 
 templation. Milton, fpeaking of the foul, finely fays, that, " fo 
 oft as fhe would retire out of the head from over the fteaming 
 vapours of the lower parts to Divine Contemplation, with him 
 fhe found the pureft and quieteft retreat, as being moft remote 
 from foil and difturbance." ^Ir. Upton remarks that the refi- 
 dence of Contemplation on a hill, feems imaged from the Table 
 of Ccbes, in which j^vi^Un Ilai^sK* dwells on a fteep rock, where 
 Patience and Peffeverance ftand ready, like Mercy here, to 
 aflift and encourage thofe that mount the hill. Todd. 
 
 XLVI. 7. did apply:] Mind. See F. 
 
 Q. ii. vi. 5. " Her courfe for to apply." Church. 
 
 XLVI. 8. Contemplation ;] Mr. Warton, in a note 
 
 on Milton's //. Pen/, ver. 52, fays that Contemplation is firft 
 perfonificd in Englifh poetry by Spenfer. But it is perfonified 
 by Sidney in his Arcadia, which is generally underftood to 
 have been written about 1580. See the 13th edit. p. 229. 
 The verfes are called Afclepiades : 
 
 " O fweet woods, the delight of folitarinefs 
 
 " Contemplation here holdeth his only feat ; 
 
 " Bounded with no limits, borne with a wing of hope, 
 
 ** Climes even unto the ftars." 
 Contemplation is alfo a perfon in the old Morality of Hycke- 
 Scoruer ; and, like Spenfer's old man whofe " mind is full of 
 fpirituall repaft," thi/nkes on thoughtes that is full hevenly. See 
 Hawkins's Orig. of Eng. Drama, vol. i. p. 79. Todd.
 
 ^ANTO X. THE FAERIE QUIENE. 135 
 
 For God he often faw from heavens hight : 
 All were his earthly eien both Want and bad. 
 And through great age had loft their kindly 
 
 fight. 
 Yet wondroas qnick and perfaunt was his 
 
 fpright. 
 As eagles eie, that can behold the funne. 
 That Hill they fcale with all their powre and 
 
 might. 
 That his fraile thighes, nigh weary and for- 
 
 donne, 
 Gan faile ; but, by her helpe, the top at laft he 
 
 wonne. 
 
 XLVIIL 
 There they doe finde that godly aged Sire, 
 With fnowy lockes adowne bis fhoulders (bed ; 
 As hoary froft with fpangles doth attire 
 The mofly braunches of an oke halfe ded. 
 Each bone might through his body well be 
 
 red. 
 And every finew feene, through his long faft : 
 For nought he car'd his carcas long unfed ; 
 
 XLVII. 9. Ij/ Tter hdpe^ That is, tbrough 
 
 Mercy. Church. 
 
 XIjVIII. 3. As hoary frojl &c.] This pi6turefque image of 
 the Inowy locks of this reverend perfon compared to a hoary 
 froft, which covers the head of an oak, Mr. Pope thinks was 
 borrowed from Homer; where Hector is faid to march along, 
 feeming a mountain captwith fnow, opsV MfpMKTt eowoi^. Jl. t. 754. 
 In allufion to the white plumes playing on his helmet, and to 
 his perpetual epithet xopGawXos. Upton. 
 
 K 4
 
 136 THE FAERIE QUEENp. BOOK I. 
 
 His mind was full of fpirituall repaft. 
 And pjn'd his flefli to keep his body low and 
 chad. 
 
 XLIX. 
 
 Who, when thefe two approching he afpide, 
 At their firft prefence grew agrieved fore, 
 That forit him lay his hev only thoughts afide ; 
 And had he not that Dame rel'pe6Ved more, 
 "Whom highly he did reverence and adore. 
 He would not Once have moved for the Knight. 
 They him faluted, (landing far afore ; 
 Who^ well them greeting, humbly did re- 
 quight. 
 And afked, to what end they clomb that tedious 
 hight? 
 
 L. 
 ^' What end," quoth fhe, " fhould caufe us take 
 fuch paine, 
 But that fame end, which every hving wight 
 Should make his marke, high heaven to at- 
 
 taine ? 
 Is not from hence the way, that leadeth right 
 To that moft glorious Houfe, that gliftreth 
 
 bright 
 With burning ftarres apd everhving fire. 
 
 XLVIII. (). Jnd pyn'd hisjlejh to keep his body low and chajl.'} 
 y See li(m. viii. 13, I Cor. ix. 27. Uptox. 
 
 XLIX. 4. more,] Greatly . See 
 
 Introdud. F. Q, ii, ft. 4. Church.
 
 CANTO X. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 137 
 
 AV hereof the keies are to thy hand behight 
 By wife Fideha ? She doth thee require, 
 To Ihew it to this Knight, according his defire/* 
 
 LI. 
 " Thrife happy man, ^' faid then the Father grave, 
 " Whofe ftaggering fteps thy fteady hand 
 
 doth lead, 
 And {hewes the way his linfull foule to fave ! 
 Who better can the way to heaven aread 
 I'hen thou thylelfe, tht^t was both borne and 
 
 bred 
 In hevenly throne, where thoufand angels 
 
 iliine ? 
 Thou doeft the praiers of the righteous fead 
 Prefent before the Maielty Divine, 
 And His avenging wrath to clemency incline. 
 
 LII. 
 *' Yet, fince thou bidli:, thy pleafure fhal be 
 donne. 
 
 L, 7. Whereof the keies are to thy hand behight] Faith gives 
 to Contemplation the keys, the fymbol of power, which open 
 the gates of heaven. 'I'liere is an allufjon, not unlike, in 
 j5ifchylus, Eumcn. v. 830. Kai k>^7,^<; U^ ^ufxArut fMvn ^eir. 
 Minerva having the keys of heaven, flie alone, {xiz. Wifdom,) 
 can give you entrance thither. Upton. 
 
 Hence perhaps Milton's " golden key, that opes the palace 
 of Eternity," Cum. 13. Todd. 
 
 Ibid. behight] Committed or J- 
 
 trujled. See the note on hight, F. Q. i. iv. 6. Todd. 
 
 L. Q, according] Granting. Fr. accorder. 
 
 Church. 
 
 LI. 3, And Piewcs the xcay,] He fliould have faid, " And 
 to ichich it Ihewes the way." T. Wauton.
 
 V 
 
 138 THE FAERIE QVEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Then come, Thou man of earth, and fee the 
 
 way, 
 That never yet was feene of Faries fonne ; 
 That never leads the traveller aftray, 
 , But, after labors long and fad delay. 
 Brings them to ioyous reft and endlefle blis. 
 But firft thou muft a feafon faft and pray, 
 Till from her bands the fpright aflbiled is. 
 And have her ftrength recur'd from fraile in- 
 firmitis." 
 
 LIII. 
 That done, he leads him to the higheft Mount ; 
 Such one, as that fame mighty Man of God, 
 
 LII. 2. Thou man of tarth^ The reader will not fee the 
 propriety of this addrefs, till he reads, ft, 6j, && ; for it does 
 not fignify an earthly-minded man, in the fenfe of Vfal. x. 18, 
 *' that the man of the earth may no more opprcfle ;" but in the 
 fenfe oi Gen. ix. 20. " And Noah began to be an hufbandman." 
 Heb. A man of the earth. Septuagint. Kat rf^otro Nwe anfipfcTo? 
 rEflpror yr,<i. Where yiu^oi ieems to be a glofs or interpreta- 
 tion. Hence the Knight's name, Yiu^yl^, George. The very 
 fame addrefs and allufion you have in Miltcm ; for, Adam fig- 
 nifying a man of earth, hence Eve very properly, fpeaking to 
 him, fays; "Adam, earth's \vd\\o\\' A mould." Uptox. 
 
 LII. 6\ Brings f^cw] Both Spenfer's editions read *' Bring 
 them." But it ftiould be either " Brings him," the traveller ; 
 or we ftiould read, in the fourth line, tratcilers. Church. 
 
 LII. 8. the fpright aflbiled is,] Is abfolved.- 
 
 Fr. abfoudre. Often thus ufed by our old poets. Thus in 
 Fierce the PlovghmansCredc, edit. 1553. Sign. B. iij. 
 
 " My foule I fette for thyn, to afoile the clene." 
 And in the romance of Robert the Devyll : 
 
 " And for youre fynnes euer youe mufte be forye, 
 
 " For as yet I will not ajfoylle you." 
 In Chaucer's Prol. Cant. T. 6'6'J, edit. Urr. " AJfoiliitg' is ufed 
 iox Abfolution. Todd.
 
 CANTO X. THE FAERIE QUEENK. 1S9 
 
 That blood-red billovves like a walled front 
 On either fide difparted with his rod. 
 Till that his army dry-foot through them yod, 
 Dwelt forty daies upon ; where, writt in ftone 
 With bloody letters by the hand of God, 
 The bitter doome of death and balefull mone 
 
 He did receive, whiles flaftiing fire about him 
 (hone : 
 
 LIV. 
 
 Or like that facred Hill, whofe head full hie, 
 Adornd with fruitfull olives all arownd, 
 Is, as it were for endleffe memory 
 Of that deare Lord who oft thereon was 
 
 fownd, 
 For ever with a flowring girlond crownd: 
 Or like that pleafaunt Mount, that is for ay 
 Through famous poets verfe each where re- 
 
 nownd, 
 On which the thrife three learned Ladies play 
 
 Their hevenly notes, and make full many a 
 
 lovely lay. 
 
 LV. 
 From thence, far off he unto him did fhew 
 A little path, that was both fteepe and long, 
 AVhich to a goodly Citty led his vew ; 
 Whofe wals and towres were builded high and 
 ftrong 
 
 LIII. 3. blood-red billowes] So he calls the waves ^ 
 
 of the Red Sea. Jortin.
 
 1-iO THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK T. 
 
 Of perle and precious ftone, that earthly tong 
 Cannot defcribe, nor wit of man can tell ; 
 Too high a ditty for my fnnple fong ! i 
 The Citty of the Create King hight it well, 
 Wherein eternall peace and happinelle doth 
 
 dwell. 
 
 LVI. 
 As he thereon ftood gazing, he might fee 
 The blefled Angels to and fro delcend 
 From higheft heven in gladfome companee, 
 And with great ioy into that Citty wend. 
 As connnonly as frend does with his frend. 
 Whereat he wondred much, and gan enquere, 
 What ftately building durit fo high extend 
 Her lofty towres unto the ftarry fphere. 
 And what unknowen nation there empeopled 
 were. 
 
 LVII. 
 
 '* Faire Knight," quoth he, " Hierufalem that is, 
 The New Hierufalem, that God has built 
 For thofe to dwell in, that are chofen his. 
 His chofen people purg'd from fniful guilt 
 With pretious blood, which cruelly was fpilt 
 On curfed tree, of that unfpotted Lam, 
 
 LVI. 2. The b/ejfed angels to and fro defeeiid] Alluding to 
 Jacob's vifion, Gen. xxviii. 12. Compare Milton, Far. Lofty 
 B. iii. 501, &c. Uptox. 
 
 LVI. 5. As commonly] That is, in as loving and fociable 
 a manner. Commonly has here the lame fenfe as the Latin 
 word conmunitcr, that is, together, ^'oin^/y. Church.
 
 CANTO X. THE FAERIE QUEENE* 14t 
 
 That for the fmnes of al the world was kilt : 
 Now are they Saints all in that Citty fam, 
 More dear unto their God then younglings to 
 their dam." 
 
 LVIII. 
 ** Till now/' faid then the Knight, " I weened 
 well, 
 That great Cleopolis where I have beene. 
 In which that faireft Fary Queene doth dwell, 
 I'he faireft citty was that might be feene ; 
 And that bright towre, all built of chriftall 
 
 clene, 
 Panthea, feemd the brighteft thing that was : 
 But now by proofe all otherwile I weene ; 
 For this great Citty that does far furpas, 
 And this bright Angels towre quite dims that 
 towre of gids." 
 
 LIX. 
 
 " Moft trew," then faid the holy aged man ; 
 " Yet is Cleopolis, for earthly frame. 
 The faireft peece that eie beholden can ; 
 And well befeemes all Knights of noble name, 
 
 LIX. 2. for cart /ill/ frsimey] Correded by 
 
 the edit. 1751, by Mr. Church, Mr. Upton, and Tonfon's 
 edit, of 1758, from the Errata, fubjoined to the firft edition. 
 Both Spenfer's editions however read fame, which the folios 
 and the firft edition of Hughes follow. Dr. Jortin, who exa- 
 mined only the later editions, propofed to read frame. 
 
 Todd. 
 
 LIX. 3. Thefairejl peece] Ca/?/*-, building. See F. Q. ii. 
 xi. 14. " The raufack oi that j7eae." Chvrch.
 
 142 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I- 
 
 That covett in th' immortall booke of fame 
 
 To be eternized, that fame to haunt, 
 
 And doen their fervice to tliat foveraigne 
 
 Dame, 
 That glory does to them for guerdon graunt : 
 Tot {he is hevenly borne, and heaven may iuftly 
 
 vaunt. 
 
 LX. 
 " And thou, faire ymp, fprong out from Englifli 
 race, 
 How ever now accompted Elfins fonne, 
 Well worthy doeft thy fervice for her grace, 
 To aide a Virgin defolate fordonne. 
 But when thou famous vi6i:ory haft wonne, 
 And high emongft all Knights haft hong thy 
 
 (liield, 
 Thenceforth the fuitt of earthly conqueft 
 
 ihonne. 
 And wafti thy hands from guilt of bloody field i 
 For blood can nought but fin, and wars but for- 
 
 rows, yield. 
 
 LXI. 
 " Then feek this path that I to thee prefdge, 
 Which after all to heaven fliall thee fend ; 
 
 LX. 6. And high emongji all Knights hajl hong fhi/Jhield,1 
 That is, in forae temple. So Godfrey, having corapleated his 
 conqueft of Jerufalem, hangs his arms up in the temple. Taflb, 
 C. XX. ft. ult. Uptoi^. 
 
 LXI. 1. that I to thee prefage,] Point out 
 
 with my hand. The French fo ufe prefager. Compare with the 
 fourth line. Church.
 
 CANTO X. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 143 
 
 Then peaceably thy painefull pilgrimage 
 To yonder fame Hierufalem doe bend, 
 Where is for thee ordaind a bleffed end : 
 For thou emongft thofe Saints, whom thou 
 
 doeft fee. 
 Shall be a Saint, and thine owne Nations 
 
 Frend 
 And Patrone : Thou Saint George fhalt called 
 
 bee. 
 Saint George of mery EngMnd, the figne of 
 
 vi6toree/' 
 
 LXII. 
 ** Unworthy wretch,'' quoth he, " of fo great 
 grace, 
 How dare I thinke fuch glory to attaine V* 
 " Thefe, that have it attaynd, were in like 
 cace," . : . 
 
 LXI, 9- mery England,} That is, plcafant, dc' 
 
 iig/itj'ul, England. So Chaucer, p. 170. ed. Urr. 
 " That made hem in a citie to tarie, 
 ** That ftode full meri/ upon an havin fide." 
 Stodefull mery, that is, was pleafantly lituate. So Spenfer, in 
 his Prot/ialamion : 
 
 " At length they all to merry London came, 
 " To merry London, &c." Church. 
 
 Ibid. the figne of vidoree."] The icord. 
 
 So, in military language, the counter-Jign forms a part of the 
 watch-xvord appointed for the day. See Shakfpeare, Rich. III. 
 " Our ancient XKord of courage, fair St. George, 
 " Infpire us with the fpleen of fiery dragons !" 
 See alfo Le Maufolee, ou Les Tombeaux des Chevaliers du 
 Noble Ordre de la Toifon d' Or, Amft. l689, p. 48. *' Le cris 
 de guerre des Roys d' Angleterre-: Monfjoye, Nojire Dame^ 
 S. George, a caufe des b.innieres de Noftre Dame, & de 
 Saint George." Todd, . .
 
 144 THE FAERIE QUfiENti B6dk t. 
 
 Quoth he, " as wretched, and Hv'd in hke 
 
 paine." 
 " But deeds of armes mufl I at laft be faine 
 And Ladies love to leave, fo dearelj bought ?'* 
 ** What need of armes, where peace doth ay 
 
 remaine," 
 Said he, " and battailes none are to be fought ? 
 As for loofe loves, they are vaine, and vanifti 
 
 into nought." 
 
 LXIII. 
 *' O let me not," quoth he, " then turne againe 
 Backe to the world, whofe ioyes fo fruitlefl'e 
 
 are; 
 But let me here for aie in peace remaine, 
 Or ftreightway on that laft long voiage fare, 
 That nothing may my prefent hope empare." 
 " That may not be," faid he, " ne maifl thou } itt 
 Forgoe that royal Maides bequeathed care. 
 
 LXII. 4'. Quoth he, as teretched, &c.] This is the reading 
 of the fecond edition, which appears to be the poet's corredion. 
 in order to ftiow that Contemphition was now the fpeaker. In 
 eveiy edition the alteration is adopted ; except in that of Mr, 
 Church, who reads with the firlt edition ; 
 
 " were in like cace 
 
 " As wretched men, and lived &c." Todd. 
 
 LXII. 9- ^s for loofe loves, thcfare xaine,^ So the firft 
 edition reads ; wjiich Hughes's fecond edition, the edition of 
 1751, Tonfon'sof 1758, Mr. Church, and Mr. Upton, follow. 
 Spenfer's fecond edition, probably by an errour of the prefs, 
 omits they, which the folios and Hughes's firft edition have, 
 however, adopted. Mr. Warton alfo, by not examining the firft 
 edition, has unjuftly charged the poet with inaccuracy for not 
 inferting thet/. Todd.
 
 tAJiJTb X. TtiE FAERIE (HJEENfe. 14j( 
 
 Who did her caufe into thy hand committ, 
 Till from her curfed foe thou have her freely 
 
 quitti 
 
 Lxiv. 
 *' Then fliall I foone," quoth he^ " fo God nic 
 
 grace, 
 
 Abett that Virgins caufe difconfolate^ 
 
 And ihortly back returne unto this place, 
 
 To walke this way in Pilgrims poore eftate. 
 
 But now aread, old Father, why of late 
 
 Didft thou behight me borne of Englilh blood, 
 
 Whom all a Faeries fonne doen nominate ?" 
 
 " That word (hall I," faidhe, " avouchen good) 
 
 Silh to thee is unknowne the cradle of thy brood. 
 
 LXV. 
 
 " For well I wote thou fpringft from ancient i*ace 
 
 LXIV. 9. -: the cradle of thy brood.] Thus 
 
 again, F. Q. v. i. 5. " Even from, the crad/t ol' his infancy," 
 And, in the Hymne in Honour of Love, " The wondrous cradle 
 of thine infancy." Thus alfo G. Gafcoigne to Lady Bridges : 
 " Lo thus was Bridges hurt 
 
 " Li cradel of her kynd." T. Warton. 
 
 LXV. 1. For well I xvofe thou fpringft from ancient race 
 
 Of Sajcon kinges,] St. George, by the generality 
 of writers, is fuppofed to be a Cappadocian ; by feme, a Cili- 
 cian. The romance-writer of the Seven Champions of Chrif- 
 tendom makes him to be born of EngliOi parentage, and of 
 the royal blood ; his mother, a king's daughter; and his birth- 
 place, Coventry ; but that, as foon as born, he was miracu- 
 loufly conveyed away by an enchantrefs, called Kalyb: to 
 which ftory Spenfer alludes in this ftanza. This fame ftory of 
 changelings, he has likewife in F. Q. iii. iii. 26", fpeaking of 
 Arthegal, Shakfpeare likewife gives his poetical teftimony to 
 thefe vulgar tales. Uptox. 
 
 The popular fuperftition of the night -tripping fairy, who 
 haunted women in child-bed, and exchanged children, is fome- 
 
 VOL. III. L
 
 146 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Of Saxon kingesjthat have with mightie hand, 
 And many bloody battailes fought in place, 
 Highreard their royall throne inBritane land, 
 And vanquiflit them, unable to withftand : 
 From thence a Faery thee unweeting reft, 
 1'here as ihou flepft in tender fwadling band. 
 And her bafe Elfin brood there for thee left : 
 
 Such, men do chaungelings call, fo chaung'd by 
 Faeries theft. 
 
 LXVI. 
 
 " Thence ftie thee brought into this Faerv lond. 
 And in an heaped furrow did thee hyde ; 
 Where thee a ploughman all unweeting fond. 
 As he his toylelbme teme that way did guyde. 
 And brought thee up in ploughmans ftate to 
 
 byde, 
 Whereof Georgos he thee gave to name ; 
 
 what fimilar to that of the female night-walkers, (lemures,) 
 recorded by Wierus, and of whom the exiftence was beheved 
 in Germany : " Eratque hoc larvarum genus apprime infauftum 
 puerperis, & infantibus hictentibus, cunis adhuc inhaerentibus." 
 Wier, De Prcejlig. Ditmon. 1583, p. 118. Todd. 
 
 LXV. 4. Britane land,'] This is the 
 
 reading of the fecond edition, which IMr. Upton and Tonfon's 
 edit, of 1758 adopt. JNIr. Church follows the firft edition, 
 " Bikans land," but conjectures that the poet gave " Britort 
 land." Other editions read jB///a/?i or /JnVairte, Todd. 
 
 LXVI. 0. IF/iereaf G(torgo?, he thee gave to name ;] Georgos 
 in the Greek, language fignifying a hufbandman, our poet hence 
 takes occafion (according to his ufual method) of introducing 
 the marvellous talc told of Tages, and applying it to his hero : 
 Tages was the ion of die earth : a ploughman {as he his toilfome 
 feme (hat xiai/ did guide) found him under the furrow, which 
 ihc coulter-iron had turned up. This wonderful tale the reader
 
 <JANT0 X. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 147 
 
 ^ Till prickt with courage, and thy fofces pryde, 
 To Fary court thou camTt to feek for fame, 
 And prove thy puilTant armes, as feemes thee 
 beft became/' 
 
 LXVII. 
 " O holy Sire," quoth he, " how fliall I quight 
 The many favours I with thee have fownd. 
 That haft my Name and Nation redd aright, 
 And taught the way that does to heaven 
 
 bownd!" 
 This faide, adowne he looked to the grownd 
 To have returnd, but d^zed were his eyne 
 Through paffmg brightnes, which did quite 
 
 confound 
 His feeble fence, and too exceeding {hyne. 
 So darke are earthly thinges compard to things 
 divine ! 
 
 mav fee in Cicer. De Divin. ii. 23, Ovid. Met. xv. 553, and in 
 other writers. Hence, in allufion to his name Georgos, Spenler 
 in his letter to Sir W. R. calls him *' a dounijh young vmn ; 
 who, having defired a boone of the queen of Faeries, refted 
 hiuifelf on the floor, unfit through his riijlicitie, for a better 
 place." 
 
 'Tis worth while to fee with what great art our poet by de- 
 grees unravels his ftory : the poem opens with the Chriftian 
 Knight ; you fee his character, yet know not his name or 
 lineage ; fome few hints are afterwards flung out ; but in this 
 Canto you are fully fatisfied. Spenfer is very fond of this 
 kind of fufpenfe. Upton. 
 
 LXVII. 8. and too exceeding fliyne.] The 
 
 conltrudiou is, " fhrough paffing brightnes, and too exceed- 
 ing fliyne, which did quite confound his feeble fence." Shijne 
 is ufed as a fubftantive for light. So, in Pfal. xcvii. 4. " His / 
 lightnings gsive Jhine unto the world." Church. 
 
 l2
 
 148 THE FAERIE QUEEXE. . BOOK I. 
 
 LXVIII. 
 
 At laft, whenas himfelfe he gan to fynd. 
 
 To Una back he caft him to retyre ; 
 
 Who him awaited (till with penfive mynd. 
 
 Great thankes, and goodly meed, to that good 
 Syre 
 
 He thens departing gave for his paynes hyre. 
 
 So came to Una, who him ioyd to fee ; 
 
 And, after Utle reft, gan him defy re 
 
 Of her Adventure myndfuli for to bee. 
 So leave they take of Caelia and her Daughters 
 three. 
 
 LX^^III. 1. At fall, kc] That is, when he had recovered 
 himlelf from his ecftafy. Church.
 
 CANTO XI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. J49 
 
 CANTO XL 
 
 The Knight with that old Dragon fights 
 
 Two dayes incefjantly : 
 The third, him overthrowes; and gay ns 
 
 Mojl glorious viBory. 
 
 I. 
 HIGH time now gan it wex for Una fayre 
 To thinke of thofe her captive Parents deare, 
 And their forwafted kingdom to repay re : 
 Whereto whenas they now approched neare. 
 With hartie wordes her Knight flie gan to 
 
 cheare, 
 And in her modefl manner thus befpake ; 
 " Deare Knight, as deare as ever Knight was 
 
 deare, 
 That all thefe forrowes fuffer for my fake, 
 High Heven behold the tedious toyle, ye for me 
 
 take ! 
 
 II. 
 " Now are we come unto my native foyle, 
 And to the place where all our perilles dwell ; 
 Here hauntes that Feend, and does his daily 
 
 fpoyle ; 
 Therefore henceforth bee at your keeping well, 
 And ever ready for your foeman fell : 
 l3
 
 150 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 The fparke of noble corage now awake, 
 And ftrive jour excellent felfe to excell : 
 That ftmll ye evermore renowmed make 
 Above all Knights on earth, that batteill under- 
 take." 
 
 III. 
 And pointing forth, " Lo ! yonder is," faid (lie, 
 " The brafen towre, in which my Parents deare 
 For dread of that huge Feend emprifond be ; 
 Whom I from far fee on the walles appeare, 
 Whofe fight my feeble foule doth greatly 
 
 cheare : 
 And on the top of all I do efpye 
 The watchman way ting tydings glad to heare ; 
 That, O my Parents, might I happily 
 Unto you bring, to eafe you of your mifery !'* 
 
 IV. 
 
 With that they heard a roaring hideous fownd, 
 That all the ayre with terror filled wyde. 
 And feemd uneath to fliake the fl:edfalt ground, 
 Eftfoones that dreadful Dragon they efpyde, 
 Where flretcht he lay upon the funny fide 
 
 III. 1, And &,] This ftanza was either omitted iq the 
 firft edition by the cartlellbefs of the printer, or afterwards 
 added by the poet. It is found, though no notice is taken of 
 jt, in the fecoud and fubfequent editions. Chuucii. 
 
 III. 8. That, Hit/ Parents, might J &cj That is, the 
 which tydings, Upton. 
 
 IV, 3, . uneath] So all the editions. I fuppofe 
 
 it means beneath, and is a contraction for nnderneafh. I do not 
 recollect that he elfewhere uf^g uneath m this fenfe, C h u b? ii .
 
 CANTO xr. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 151 
 
 Of a great hill^ himfelfe like a great hill : 
 But, all fo foone as he from far defcryde 
 Thofe gliftring armes that heven with light 
 
 did fill, 
 Pie roufd himfelfe full blyth, and haftned them 
 
 untill. 
 
 V. 
 Then badd the Knight his Lady yede aloof. 
 And to an hill herfelfe withdraw afyde ; 
 From whence ilie might behold that battailles 
 
 proof, 
 And eke be fafe from daunger far defcryde : 
 She him obayd, and turnd a little wyde. 
 Now, O thou faered Mufe, moft learned 
 
 dame, 
 Fayre ympe of Phoebus and his aged bryde^ 
 
 IV. 7. But, all fo foone as &c.] Statius, Theb. v. 556. 
 
 " turn fquamea demum 
 
 *' Torvus ad armorum radios, fremitumque virorura, 
 " Colla movet." Jortin. 
 
 IV. 9. untill.] Unto. So he ufes 
 
 the word in his S/iep. Cal. Nov. ver. 185. " What it us brings 
 untill." Church. 
 
 V. 1. Ms Lady yede aloof,] To j/et/e is to 
 
 go. So, in Chaucer, Rom. R. 5151. ed. Urr. 
 
 " For alle i/ede out at one ere 
 
 ' That in that other fhe did lere :" 
 That is, went. Spenfer often makes the preterperfeft yode, both 
 in F. Q. and in his Shcp. Cal. Yede and j/orle are thus indii- 
 criminately ufed in Beiis of Hampton. Todd. 
 
 V. 7. I'aire ympe of Fhicbus and his aged bryde, &c.] *Tis 
 impoffible but that the reader's attention mult have been 
 awakened at the dreadful apprehenfion of this Dragon, for 
 wliich he has all along been prepared by the poet. This 
 nionller is juft mentioned : the poet then paufes, and iuvocates 
 
 L 4
 
 152 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I, 
 
 The noLirfe of time and everlafting fame, 
 That warUke handes ennobleit with immprtall 
 name ; 
 
 VI. 
 
 O, gently come into my feeble breft, 
 
 Come gently ; but not with that mightie rage. 
 Wherewith the martiall troupes thou doeft 
 
 infeft, 
 And hartes of great heroes doeft enrage, 
 
 his Mufe. Now nothing can be finer imagined : during this 
 paul'e the reader's imagination is in lufpenfe, and left to work 
 ibr itfelf : and the delay and expectation are kept up for above 
 twenty verfes. Mean while the poet, to awaken the attention 
 of the reader to fome gr^at argument and new matter, calls 
 upon the facred .Mufe, after the manner of his mailers Homer 
 and \'irgil. So agajn, F. Q. iii, iii. 4. 
 
 " Begin then, O my deareft facred darne, 
 " Daughter of Phcebus and of Memorye, &c." 
 In both thefe paffages the Mufe is called the daughter of 
 Phoebus and Mneniofyne, that is, Memory. But Homer and 
 Hefiod make the Mufes to be daughters of Jupiter. The poets 
 are not however altogether agreed as to their genealogy. 
 
 Upton. 
 Spenfer alfo makes the Mufes the daughters of Phoebus and 
 Mnemofyne, F. Q. ii. x. 3. Elfewhere he makes them the 
 daughters of Jupiter and Mnemofyne : See F. Q. iv. xi. 10. 
 This latter opinion is moft commonly received. Church. 
 
 V. (). That -warlike handes] Ilandes for perfons. See F. Q, 
 iii. iii. 4. 
 
 " That doeft eunohle uitk immortal name 
 " The -ivarlikc IVorthies " CiiuucH. 
 
 VI, 4. heroes] It is not uncommon to find 
 
 heroes extended into three lyllables by our old poets. In the 
 F. Q. are other infiances. So, hi Spenfer's Verfes likewife, 
 prefixed to the llift. of George Caftriot, &c. 1596. 
 
 'r And old herois, which their world did daunt." 
 And thus Browne, in the Dedication to his Brit. Paji. l6l6, 
 
 ' Where brave heroes worths the Sifters fing." 
 Again, Brit. Paji. B. i. p. 92. 
 
 f* Wbep our ^erot, honour'd EflTex, died," ToDD,
 
 CANTO XT. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 153 
 
 That nought their kindled corage may afwage : 
 Soone as thy dreadful! trompe begins to Ibwnd, 
 The god of warre with his fiers equipage 
 Thou doeft awake, fleepe never he fo ibwnd ; 
 And feared nations doeft with horror fterne 
 aftovvnd, 
 
 VII, 
 Fayre goddelTe, lay that furious fitt afyde, 
 Till 1 of warres and bloody Mars doe fing. 
 And Bry ton fieldes with Sarazin blood bedyde, 
 Twixt that great Faery Queene and Paynim 
 
 King, 
 That with their horror heven and earth did 
 
 rino;; 
 A worke of labour long, and endlefle prayfe : 
 
 VI. 7. The god of warre zvif/i /lis fiers equipage] Milton, 
 ill his Soiuitt to Sir Henri/ Vane, I'eems to have had this pafiage 
 in his remembrance : 
 
 " Then to advife how War may, beft upheld, 
 " Move by her two main nerves, iron and gold, 
 " In all her equipage." Todd. 
 
 VI. [). And feared nationsi Corrected from the Errata : 
 It was before, " And/eared nations." Church. 
 
 VII. 1. : that furious fitt] Ftit, from what 
 
 follows in the feventh line of this ftanza, feems to be ufed in 
 the fenfe of a muficalftrain, as in Colin Clouts come home again, 
 ven O'y. " To play fome pleafantyiZ ;" Where fee the note. 
 
 Todd. 
 VII. 2. Till I ofivarres &c.] See the Letter to Sir Walter 
 Raleigh, Verfes to Lord Eflex, and F. Q. i. xii. 18, where 
 Spcnier gives intimations of his delign of writing an heroick 
 poem in honour of Queen Elifabeth. Church. 
 
 'i'he fubject of this poem was to be the wars betwixt the 
 Faerie (Queene and the Paynim King, meaning hiftorically 
 t^ueen Elifabeth and the King of Spain. See F. Q. i. xii. 18. 
 
 Upxox.
 
 154 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 But now a while lett downe that haughtie 
 
 llring, 
 
 And to my tunes thy fecond tenor rayfe. 
 
 That I this Man of God his godly armes may 
 
 blaze. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 By this, the dreadful Beaft drew nigh to hand, 
 
 Halfe flying and halfe footing in his hafte. 
 
 That with his largenefle meafured much land. 
 
 And made wide fliadow under his huge wafte ; 
 
 As mountaine doth the valley overcafle. 
 
 Approching nigh, he reared high afore 
 
 His body monflrous, horrible, and vafte ; 
 
 VII. 7. that haughtie j?r?o',] That high- 
 tuned firing, as Mr. Church obferves. So, in French, Haut- 
 contre is, in mufick, the Counter-tenor. The Italians ufe Alto 
 in the fame fenfe. Todd. 
 
 VIII. 1. By this, the dreadful Bead drew nigh to hand, 
 
 Halfe flying and halfe footing\ Among the Odes 
 attributed to Anacreon, there is one on Love, (Orf. xl.) who, 
 being ftung by a bee, runs, half on foot, half flying, to his 
 mother. AfXfji.u Je aui tstrouj^iU. This image, ludicrous and 
 pretty, our poet has made terrible. This it is to be a poet ! 
 and fo worthy of imitation did it appear to Milton, that, in 
 defcribing the journey of Satan through the vaft gulf between 
 heaven and hell, he has made ufe of Spenfer's words. Par. Lojl, 
 B. ii. 940. 
 
 '* nigh founder'd on he fares, 
 
 " Treading the crude confiftence, half on foot, 
 
 " Half flying." Upton. 
 
 VIII. 3. with his largenejfe meafured much land, &:c.] 
 
 In the eleventh ftanza we are told, that his tail alone " lacked 
 but little of three furlongs." Homer fays of the giant Tityus, 
 that, out-ftretched on the ground, he covered nine acres, o ^* 
 iir' Inia. y.i7ro .Xf6pat, Odyf. K 576. See alfo II. w. 775, 11. 9'. 
 407, and Milton, Par. L. B. i. HJo. Todd.
 
 CANTO xr. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 155 
 
 Which, to increafe his wondrous greatnes 
 more, 
 Was fwoln with wrath and poyfon, and with 
 bloody gore ; 
 
 IX. 
 And over all with brafen fcales was armd. 
 Like plated cote of fleele, i'o couched neare 
 That nought mote perce ; ne might his code 
 
 be harmd 
 W^ith dint of fwerd, nor pufh of pointed fpeare: 
 W hich, as an eagle, feeing pray appeare, 
 His aery plumes doth rouze full rudely dight ; 
 So ihaked he, that horror was to heare : 
 For, as the clafliing of an armor bright, 
 Such noyfe his rouzed fcales did fend unto the 
 Knight. 
 
 X. 
 His flaggy winges, when forth he did difplay. 
 Were like two fayles, in which the hollow 
 
 wynd 
 Is gathered full, and worketh fpeedy way : 
 And eke thepennes, that did hispineonsbynd, 
 
 IX. 1. And over all &c.] That is, And was armd all 
 over &c. So, in The Pljions of the Worlds Vanity, ft. 6. 
 
 " An hideous dragon, dreadful to behold; 
 
 " Whofe back was armd againft the dint of fpear 
 " With fliields of brafs that fhone like burnifht gold, 
 " And forkhed fting &c/' Church. 
 
 IX. 5. Which,] Which fcales. Church. 
 
 X. 2, Were like two fayles] Sails are often ufed by our 
 author for leings. See the note onfaUeSy F. Q. v. iv. 42. 
 
 T. Warton.
 
 156 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. ' 
 
 Were like mayne-yardes with flying canvas 
 
 With which whenas him hft the ayre to beat, 
 And there by force unwonted pallage fynd. 
 The cloudes before him fledd for terror 
 great, 
 And all the hevens flood ftill amazed with his 
 
 threat. 
 
 XI. 
 His huge long tayle, wownd up in hundred 
 foldes, 
 Does overfpred his long bras-fcaly back, 
 Whofe wreathed boughtes when ever he un- 
 
 foldes, 
 And thick-entangled knots adown does flack, 
 Befpotted as with fliieldes of red and blacke, 
 It fweepeth all the land behind him farre. 
 And of three furlongs does but litle lacke ; 
 And at the point two ftinges infixed arre. 
 Both deadly fharp, that fharpefl fleele exceeden 
 farre. 
 
 XI. 3. W^ofe wreathed houghies] Txsijis or folds. Seethe 
 fame word, applied to the Dragon, F. Q. i. i. 15, and to a 
 ferpent, in his VirgiVs Gnat, It. 32. A paflage in Milton's 
 Allegro illuftrates the ufe of the Avord in this old fenfe : 
 
 " many a winding bout 
 
 " Of linked fvveetnefs long drawn out." Todd. 
 
 XI. 5. Befpotted as withjhieldes] Correfted in the Errata; 
 
 though I, for my part, diflike not " Befpotted all with fliieldes ;" 
 
 ior Jliields mean fcales. So, in Job xli. 15, of the leviathan : 
 
 " Ilisyca/e* are his pride," Heb. ** Ihsjlrong pieces of Jhields," 
 
 Upton.
 
 CANTt) XI. THE FAERIE QUEEN* 157 
 
 XII; 
 
 But ftinges and fliarpeft fleele did far exceed 
 The ftiarpneflTe of his cruel rending clawes : 
 Dead was it fure, as fure as death indeed, 
 What ever thing does touch his ravenous 
 
 pawes, 
 Or what within his reach he ever drawes. 
 But his moft hideous head my tongue to tell 
 Does tremble ; for his deepe devouring iawes 
 Wyde gaped, like the griefly mouth of hell, 
 
 Through which into his darke abylfe all favia 
 
 fell. 
 
 XIII. 
 And, that more wondrous was, in either iaw 
 Three ranckes of yron teeth enraunged were, 
 In which yett trickling blood, and gobbets raw, 
 Of late devoured bodies did appeare ; 
 That li<xht thereof bredd cold consiealed feare : 
 Which to increafe, and all at once to kill, 
 A cloud of fnnioothering fmoke, and fulphure 
 
 feare. 
 Out of his {linking gorge forth fteemed ftill. 
 That all the ayre about with fmoke and ftench 
 did fill 
 
 XII. 1. But Sec] The conftru6lion is, But the fliarpnelTe 
 of his cruell reading clawes did far exceed ftinges and fharpeft 
 ftecJe, Church. 
 
 XIII. 2. Tiree ranckes of yron teeth &c.] Ovid, Met. iii. 
 34. " TripJici ftant ordine dentes" Jortin. 
 
 ee Da/i. vii, 7. The beaft " had great iron teeth." y 
 
 Uptox.
 
 158 THE FAERIE QUEENB. BOOK li 
 
 XIV. 
 
 His blazing eyes, like two bright ihining ftiieldes. 
 Did burne with wrath, and fparkled living 
 
 fyre : 
 As two broad beacons, fett in open fieldes, 
 Send forth their flames far off to every fliyre, 
 And warning give, that enemies confpyre 
 AVith fire and fword the region to invade ; 
 So flam'd his eyne with rage and rancorous 
 
 yre : 
 But far within, as in a hollow glade, 
 Thofe glaring lampes were fett, that made a 
 dreadfuU fliade. 
 
 XV. 
 So dreadfully he towardes him did pas, 
 Forelifting up aloft his fpeckled breft, 
 And often bounding on the brufed gras, 
 
 XIV. 1. His blazing eijes, &c.] Thefe " glaring lamps," 
 as the poet afterwards calls them, are very properly given by 
 Milton to Satan, l*ar. L. B. i, 193. 
 
 " With head up-lift above the wave, and eyes 
 
 " That fparkling blaz'd " 
 Both poets are probably indebted to Homer, //. '. 474-. 
 
 S. Rowlands, in his metrical Hift. of Gui/ Earle of JFarwick, ' 
 1654, fign. H. 3, has very minutely copied Spenfer's dragon : 
 " His blazing eyes did burn like living fire, 
 " And forth his fmoaking gorge came lulphur fmoke, &c." 
 Other proofs of fimilar plagiarifm might be adduced from this 
 forgotten work. Thte dragon in Huon de Bourdeaux mnft not 
 be omitted, as perhaps Spenfer retained fome remembrance of 
 it. See Huon ike. edit. Rouen, f. d. fol. 239- b. " Le corps 
 auoit grand a merueilles, & la tefte tant grofle en laquelle 
 auoit deux yeux plus grands que deux bajjins, plains de braiji 
 ardani." Todd.
 
 CANTO Xr. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 359 
 
 As for great ioyance of his new come gueft. 
 Eftfoones he gari advance his haughty creft ; 
 As chauffed bore his bridles doth upreare ; 
 And flioke his fcales to battaile ready dreft, 
 (That made the Redcrofle Knight nigh quake 
 for feare,) 
 As bidding bold defyaunce to his foeman neare; 
 
 XVI. 
 
 The Knight gan fay rely couch his fteady fpeare, 
 And fierfely ran at him with rigorous might : 
 The pointed fteele, arriving rudely theare. 
 His harder hyde would nether perce nor 
 
 bight. 
 But, glauncing by, foorth paffed forward 
 
 right : 
 Yet, fore amoved with fo puilTaunt puili, 
 The wrath full Beaft about him turned light, 
 And him fo rudely, paffmg by, did brufti 
 
 With his long tayle, that horfe and man to 
 
 ground did rufti. 
 XVII. 
 Both horfe and man up lightly rofe againe. 
 And frefli encounter towardes him addreft: 
 But th' ydle ftroke yet backe recoyld in vaine, 
 And found no place his deadly point to reft. 
 Exceeding rage enflam'd the furious Beaft, 
 
 XV. 8. That made &c.] The fecond and fubfequent folio 
 very rightly include this line in a parenthelis, as Mr. Church 
 has remarked. Tcnlbn's edition of 1758 has attended to this 
 tlillinction ; Mr. Upton has neglected it. Todd.
 
 l60 THE FAERIE QUEEfffi. BOOK 1* 
 
 To be avenged of fo great defpight ; 
 For never felt his iniperceable breft 
 So wondrous force from hand of Hving wight ; 
 Yet had he prov'd the powre of many a puif- 
 
 fant Knight* 
 
 XVIIL 
 Then, with his waving wings difplayed wjde, 
 Himfelfe up high he hfted from the ground, 
 And with flrong flight did forcibly divyde 
 The yielding ayre, which nigh too feeble 
 
 found 
 Her flitting parts, and element unfound, 
 To beare fo great a weight : He, cutting way 
 With his broad fayles, about him foared 
 
 round ; 
 At lafl, low ftouping with unweldy fway, 
 Snatcht up both horle and man, to beare them 
 
 quite away. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 Long he them bore above the fubje6l plaine, 
 So far as ewghen bow a fliaft may fend ; 
 Till ftruggling fl;rong did him at lalt con- 
 ftraine 
 
 Xyil. 9. Yet &c.] See C. vii. ft. 45. Church. 
 
 XVIII. 8. Ji""pif>g] -^ term in falconry, 
 
 when a hawk, being upon her wings, bends down violently to 
 ftrike the fowl. Kerfey. Ciiuucii. 
 
 XIX. 1. : the fubjed plaine,] 'Xhe plain 
 
 beneath them. So Milton, Par. L. B. xii. 640. 
 
 " and down the cliff as faft 
 
 ** To the/ubjeded plain." Toud.
 
 CANTO xr. THE FAERIE QUEENE. l6l 
 
 To let them downe before his flightcs end : 
 As hagard hauUe, presuming to contend 
 With hardy fowle above his hable might. 
 His wearie pounces all in vaine doth fpend 
 To trufle the pray too heavy for his flight ; 
 Which, comming down to ground, does free it- 
 felfe by fight* 
 
 XX. 
 
 He fo difleized of his gryping grofK^, 
 
 The Knight his thrillant fpeare again alTayd 
 
 In his bras-plated body to emboile, 
 
 And three mens ilrength unto the Itroake he 
 
 layd ; 
 Wherewith the fliffebeame quaked, as affray d , 
 And glauncing from his fcaly necke did 
 
 glyde 
 Clofe under his left wing, then broad dif- 
 
 playd : 
 
 XIX. 5. hagard kauke,] A wild hawk. Cfiuucii. 
 
 XIX. 6'. ' hable ?night,] His proper ftrength. 
 
 So the Latin word habilis fignifies. CiiuiiCH. 
 
 XX. 1. He fo difleized] DifpoJJ'e//ed. A law term. See 
 Cragiii Jus Feudale, Lips. 17 16. OloJ] p. 8. '' DiJJ'aJinam i^- 
 cere, Sallnam rumpere, aut pofleffionem impedire : Diffajire, 
 eft ex Salina ejicere." Cotgrave tranflates dijjeifed deflaifi, de- 
 vefti, deremparc, &c. Todd. 
 
 XX. 3. to embofle,] Enclofe. This word 
 
 appears to have been formerly the fame as embox, to Jiiut or 
 clofe up as in a box. See Cotgrave's Fr. Did. Iniloxed, emboit6, 
 emboifte. And alfo V. Eniboifter. The fenfe therefore, is. 
 The Knight endeavoured to Jheath, or lodge, his fpear in the 
 Dragon's body. Todd. 
 
 VOL. III. M
 
 162 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK T. 
 
 The percing fleele there wrought a wound ^ 
 
 full wyde, 
 
 That with the uncouth fmart the Monfler 
 
 lowdly crjde. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 He cryde, as raging feas are wont to rore, 
 AVhen wintry ftorme his wrathful wreck does 
 
 threat ; 
 The rolling billowes beate the ragged ftiore, 
 As they the earth would flioulder from her 
 
 feat ; 
 And greedy gulfe does gape, as he would eat 
 His neighbour element in his revenge : 
 Then gin the bluftring brethren boldly threat 
 To move the world from ofFhis iledfaft henge, 
 
 And boyftrous battaile make, each other to 
 
 avenge. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 The fteely head ftuck fall ftill in his flefli, 
 
 XX. 9' That -with the uncouth yjnarf] The iinvfuul fmart, 
 hitherto vnknoicn to him. Ctith, as I\Ir. Upton oblerves from 
 Verftegan, is hiown, acqvainted, faviiiiar ; as, on the contrary, 
 vftcuuth is unknoviii. The word is Saxon, and often occurs in 
 our old poets. It is alfo generally accented on the lirft fyllable. 
 Thus in Sidney's Arcadia : 
 
 " An uncouth love, which nature hateth moft.'^ 
 And in Browne's Brit. Vajt. l6'l6. B. i. p. 48. 
 
 " An uncouth place fit for an uncouth mind." 
 jNIilton repeatedly thus accents the word. Todd, 
 
 XXI. J. He cri/de, as raging feas are xvont to rore, &:c.] 
 Spenfer compares the bellowing of this monfter to the roaring 
 of the feas. See Homer, //. |. 39i, p. 263, Virgil, Georg. W. 
 962, and Ariofto, Orl. I'ur. C. xxx. 6"0. Upton.
 
 ANTO XI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. l63 
 
 Till with his cruell clavyes he fnatcht the 
 
 wood, 
 And quite afunder broke: Forth flowed frefti 
 A gufliing river of blacke gory blood, 
 That drowned all the land, whereon he ftood; 
 The ftreame thereof would drive a water-mill; 
 Trebly augmented was his furious mood 
 With bitter fence of his deepe rooted ill, 
 
 That flames of fire he threw forth from his large 
 nofethrill. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 His hideous tayle then hurled he about, 
 And therewith all enwrapt the nimble thyes 
 Of his frotli-fomy fteed, whofe courage ftout 
 Striving to loofe the knott that faft him tyes, 
 Himfelfe in ftreighterbandes tooraih implyes. 
 That to the ground he is perforce conftraynd 
 To throw his ryder ; who can quickly ryfe 
 
 XXII. 8. deepe rooted ill,] That is, the 
 
 fpear-head which Jlill remained in his body. Church. 
 
 XXIII. 3. uhofe courage Jlout 
 
 Striving to loofe the knott that f aft him tyes, 
 Himfelfe in ftreighter bandes too rajh implyes,] 
 Our poet has plainly Virgil in view, in his famous deicription 
 of the ferpents and Laocoon : 
 
 " Ille fimul manibus tendit divellere nodos." 
 " Corpora natorun\ ferpens amplexus uterque 
 " Implicat." 
 You have the very word implyes, *' Sefe implicat,'' himfelf im-^ 
 plies; Ital. hnplicare, to entangle. Upton. 
 
 XXIII, 7. who can quickly ryfe] That is, prf- 
 
 fently arofe. Can for gan, or began. Chukc^. 
 
 M 2
 
 164' THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK t. 
 
 From off the earth, with durty blood diftaynd, 
 For that reprochfull fall right fowly he difdaynd ; 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 And fercely tooke his trenchand blade in hand, 
 AVith which he ftroke ib furious and fo fell. 
 That nothing feemd the puiflaunce could 
 
 withftand : 
 Upon his creft the hardned yron fell ; 
 But his more hardned creft was armd fo well, 
 That deeper dint therein it would not make ; 
 Yet fo extremely did the buffe him quell, 
 That from thenceforth he Ihund the like to 
 take, 
 
 But, when he faw them come^ he did them ftill 
 
 forfake. 
 
 XXV. 
 The Knight was wroth to fee his ftroke beguyld. 
 And fmot againe with more outrageous might ; 
 But backe againe the fparcling fteele recoyld, 
 And left not any marke where it did light, 
 As if in adamant rocke it had beene pight. 
 The Beaft, impatient of his fmarting wound 
 And of fo fierce and forcible defpight, 
 
 XXIV. 1. his trenchand blade] See before. F. 
 
 Q. i. i. 17. This is the ufual fwoid of romance. So, in 
 Huon de Bordeaux, edit. Rouen, f. d. fol. 2{j8. a. " L' efpce 
 trenchantc." To d d . 
 
 XXIV. 6. That deeper dint] Thai is, " a deep dint." The 
 comparative ufed for the pofitive. See alfo F. Q. ii. iv. 8. 
 
 " But overthrew himfelfc unwares, and loKcr lay :" 
 That is, " lay /ojr." Ciiuucii.
 
 CANTO XI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. l65 
 
 Thought with his winges to ftye above the 
 ground ; 
 But his late wounded wing unferviceable found. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 Then, full of grief and anguifh vehement, 
 He lowdly brayd, that like was never heard ; 
 And from his wide devouring oven fent 
 A flake of fire, that, flailiing in his beard. 
 Him all amazd, and almoft made afeard : 
 The fcorching flame fore fwinged all his face, 
 And through his armour all his body feard, 
 That he could not endure fo cruell cace. 
 
 But thought his amies to leave, and helmet tq 
 unlace. 
 
 XXVII. 
 Not that great champion of the Antique world, 
 Whom famous poetes verfe fo much doth vaunt, 
 And hath for twelve huge labours high extold, 
 So many furies and fliarpe fits did haunt. 
 When him the poyfoned garment did en- 
 chaunt, 
 
 XXV. 8. to ftye] To foar, to afcend. See 
 
 the note onjly," F. Q. ii. vii. 46. T. VVartok. 
 
 XXVI. 6'. fwinged] For Jinged, or fmdged. 
 
 Spenl'er's own editions read fwinged: the folios and Hughes, 
 
 Jinged. Elfwhere Spenfer writes a;/<o^ for /io/. Church. 
 
 XXVI. 9. Jiut thought his armes to leave, &c.] This was a 
 wrong thought of our Chriftian Knight to think of leaving his 
 celeftial panoply; fee too ft. 28. His vidory is therefore for a 
 while poftponed. Upton. 
 
 XXVII. 5. When him the poy^foned garment did enchaunt, 
 
 With Centanres blood and bloodi^ rerj'cs channdi] 
 This garment was fent to Hercules by Deianira, as a fhiltrum^ 
 
 M 3
 
 16^ THK FAERIE ^UEENf!. fiOOK I. 
 
 With Centaures blood and bloody verfes 
 
 charmd ; 
 As did this Knight twelve thoufand dolours 
 
 daunt, 
 Whom fyrie fteele nowi burnt, that erfl him 
 
 armd ; 
 That erft him goodly armd, now moft of all him 
 
 harmd. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 Faynt, wearie, fore, emboyled, grieved, brent. 
 With heat, toyle, wounds, armes, fmart, and 
 inward fire, 
 
 6t love-charm; and givert ro }i6^ a^* Tuclt, by KelTus, when 
 dying ; therefore he fays, xvith bloody verfes charm'd. See Ovid, 
 Met. ix. {53. The fimile feems to be taken from Statins, 
 Tkeb. xi. 23+. Upton. 
 
 XXVIII. 1. Faynt, tcearie, fore, emboyled,] Mr. Upton 
 propofes to read enibroyled ; but furely emboyled is more appli- 
 cable to the fubftautive with which it agrees ; emboyled with 
 (irmes; full of wownds and fores, in confequence of his armour 
 being heated by the fiery breath of the dragon, and being now 
 converted, as the poet relates in the preceding ftanza, into 
 ]>urning fteele, Todd. 
 
 XXVIII. 2. With heat, toyle, ziounds. Sec.] Taint vf'iih heatf 
 ^earie with toyle, fore with wounds, emboyled with armes, grieved 
 w'lVcifmart, and brent with i/rwardjire. Fairfax lias thefe kind 
 of anfwering or parallel verfes,, C. ii. ^3. 
 
 '* Thus faife, rick, Jharye ; to fee, to have, to feele." 
 Could you think that Milton would have introduced thefe, 
 puerilities fliall I call them, in his divine poem ? 
 
 ^ " air, water, earth, 
 
 " By fowl, fifh, beafl, ws&Jio'an, wasfupiim, was ualk'd " 
 They are called, terfus paralleli, correlatiri, correfpondentes, &c. 
 'Tis tirefome to give many inftances of what, once mentioned, 
 is foon recollected, and known. But I cannot pafs over the 
 following, where Cicero thus fpeaks; 
 
 ' Defendi, tenui, vetui : face, caede, timore : 
 
 " Civis, dux, conful : tefta, lares, Latium." Upton.
 
 CANTO XI. THE FAERIE QUEEXE. 167 
 
 That never man fuch mifchiefes did torment; 
 Death better were; death did he oft deiire; 
 But death will never come, when needes re- 
 quire. 
 Whom fo difmayd when that his foe beheld, 
 He caft to fuffer him no more refpire, 
 But gan his (lurdy fterne about to weld, 
 And him fo flrongly ftroke, that to the ground 
 
 him feld. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 It fortuned, (as fayre it then befell,) 
 
 Behynd his backe, unweeting where he flood. 
 Of auncient time there was a fpringing Well, 
 From which faft trickled forth a filver flood, 
 Full of great vertues, and for med'cine good : 
 AVhylome, before that curfed Dragon got 
 That happy land, and all with innocent blood 
 Defyld thofe facred waves, it rightly hot 
 
 The Well of Life ; ne yet his vertues had forgot: 
 
 XXX. 
 For unto life the dead it could reftore, 
 
 XXVIII. 8. hisjlurdy fterne] Tail So Chapman, 
 
 in his Ccefar and Pompey, 16'07) of a lion enraged : 
 
 " And then his fides he fwinges with his fierne." Todd. 
 
 XXIX. 8. it rightly hoi] W^s named, called. 
 
 So Gower, fol. xii. " There was a duke, and he was hotte 
 Mundiis." So below, behott, ft. 38. Upton. 
 
 XXIX. 9. The Well of Life ;] This Well of Life, and after- 
 wards theTree of Life, are imaged from !?. xxii. 1,2. Uptov. ^/ 
 
 But there is an allufion alfo to the Well \i\Bevis of Hampton. 
 See the Prelim. Effay on Spenfer's Imitations from old Ro- 
 mances. Todd, 
 
 M 4
 
 163 THE FAFTITE QUEtNE. BOOK I* 
 
 And guilt of ilntiill crimes cleaiie waili aM-ay; 
 Thofe, that with licknefle were infected fare. 
 It could recure; and aged long decay 
 Renew, as one were borne that very day. 
 Both Silo this, and Jordan, did excell. 
 And th' Engiiih Bath, and eke the German 
 
 Spau ; 
 Ne can Cephife, nor Hebrus, match this 
 
 Well: 
 Into the fame the Knight back overthrowen 
 
 Ml 
 
 XXX. 6. Both Silo i/iiSf and lordan, did excell. 
 
 Ne can Cephife, nor Hebrus, viatck this JVell :] 
 Sih, or Siloam, ,js mentioned in Jo/in ix. 7- " Go wa(h in the 
 pool oi SHcam." Sandys, in his Travels, p. 1<?7, fays that the 
 pilgrims walh themfelves in the river Jordan, efteeming it 
 Ibvereign for fundry difeafps, Cepkije is a rjver in Boetia: 
 KaXXtfssS-p'/?, is its epithet in a hymn to Apollo, attributed to 
 Homer ; and, in the Medea of Euripides, Kayo^nxo^. Hebrfts is 
 a river of 'llirace, into which the head of Orpheus wan thrown 
 by the Baccbana'ians, Virg. Georg. iv. SQif Ovid. 3Jtt. xi. 
 50, and Milton in Lycidas : 
 
 " His goury vifagedown the fi:rcam was fent, 
 
 ' Down the,/ti//^ Hebrns to the Leibian fliore." 
 
 Milton was milled by a faulty reading in Virgil to give the 
 
 river //<'ir//.v the epithet of /i//^ ; for fo far is it from being 
 
 Jicijt, that 'tis a quiet llowing Ibtam. All tiie printed copies, 
 
 'tis true, read, /L'/?. i. 317. 
 
 ** Volucrciiique fuga pracvertitur IIebru?n." 
 But Servius upon tliis very fpithet fays, " J-'ulj'upt eft, nam pft 
 (juietijimus ctianj cum per hiemem creicit." Befide, for an 
 Amazon to outftrip a river, (fuppoilng it fwift,) is no extraor- 
 dinary inftance of fwiftnefs ; but to outftrip the wind is the 
 poet's exprellion : 
 
 " Volncrcmque fuga pravertitur Eurvm." 
 Tliis moft elegant correction was made by Janus Rutgerfius in 
 his obfervations upon Horace, C. vi ; and afterwards tacitly 
 adopted by Huctius. But to return from our Ihort digreflion ;
 
 CANTO XT. THE FAEftlE QUEENE. I69 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 Now gan the golden Phoebus for to fteepe 
 His fierie face in billowes of the weft, 
 And his fiiint fteedes watred in ocean deepe. 
 Whiles from their iournall labours they did 
 
 reft ; 
 When that infernall Monfter, having keft 
 His wearie Foe into that living Well, 
 Can hish advaunce his broad dil'coloured 
 
 breft 
 
 Spenfer mentions Hebrus for the purity of its ftream. See Hor, 
 L. i. Epilt. xvi. ver. 13. Upton . 
 
 As Mr. Warton has made the fame objection to Milton's 
 " Jwift Hebrus ;" it may not be improper here to fhovv, that 
 the great poet was probably not mifled by the faulty reading 
 above mentioned ; but tnat, on the contrary, he was influ- 
 enced, in the introduftion both of his imagery and expreflion, 
 by an author familiar to him. See a copy of hexameter verfes 
 in Davilbn's Poetical Rapfodie, edit. 161I. p. Ib'i. 
 
 " As when Calliope'^ clear foiine, fweete harmony finging, 
 " Vnto the true confent of his harpe-ftrings tuned in order, 
 '* -Szi/T/if-flowing Hebrus ftaid all his ftreames in a wonder." 
 I difcovered this vindication, fuch as it is, of Milton, fmce I 
 piiblilhed the edition of his poems in 1801 ; and I embrace 
 this opportunity of refcuing him from the cenfure, under which 
 ho has long lain, of two eminent criticks. Todd. 
 
 XXXI. 4". fJ/eir iournall labours] Their dailj/ 
 
 labours. Fr. Journal. The Italians ufe the adverb giornabnente 
 for daily. Chaucer employs journe for a day's xvork, Horn. R. 
 576' edit. Urr. 
 
 " For whan (he kempt was feteoufly, 
 " And well araied and ricliily, 
 " Than had ihe doen all her jowr.ve ; 
 " For mery and well begon was (he." 
 And Shakfpeare has Spenfer's adjedtive, Meaf.for Meaf. A. iv. 
 S. iii. 
 
 " Ere twice the fun hath made Iv.s Jon ntal greeting 
 *' To the uiider generation." Todd.
 
 170 TilE FAERIE ^t'EEJTE. BOOK I. 
 
 Above his wonted pitch, with countenance fell, 
 And clapt his yron wings, as vi6lor he did dwell. 
 
 -XXXII. iu-mhl ^(,^ii eiif 1 
 
 Which when his penfive Lady faw from farre, 
 Great woe and forrow did her foule affay. 
 As weening that the fad end of the warre ; 
 And gan to Higheft God entirely pray 
 That feared chaunce from her to turne away: 
 With folded hands, and knees full lowly bent. 
 All night (he watcht; ne once adowne would 
 
 lay 
 Her dainty limbs in her fad dreriment, 
 
 But praying ftill did wake, and waking did 
 
 lament. 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 The morrow next gan earely to appeare, 
 That Titan rofe to runne his daily race ; 
 
 XXXI. 9- as viclor he did dwell.] As if he re- 
 
 7nained viclor. Mr. Upton refers to Dwell in Junius : " puto 
 duella Theotifcis olini ufurpatum pro morari, manere" See 
 alfo Bevis of Hampton : 
 
 " Bevis leapt on Arunde]!, 
 
 " He had no longer time to rfaic//." Todd. 
 
 XXXII. ]. his penjive Lady'] So all the editions : 
 
 But, as the Dragon is lall fpoken of, I would fuppofe that 
 Spenfer gave, " Which when the penfive Lady &c." Church. 
 
 XXXII. 8. Her dainty limbs] This expreffion repeatedly 
 occurs in the Faerie Queene, and has been transferred by Milton 
 to his Lady in Conius. The word dainty was often ufed for 
 legant or beautiful. Wither copies Spenfer's combination in 
 his Mijlrefje of Philarete, l622. See alfo Sir H. Wotton's Short 
 Hijl. of William I. " He was not of any delicate texture ; his 
 limbs were rather fturdy tiian daynty." And, in the tranflation 
 of Jmadis de Gaule, 1619. p. 94. '* The princcfffe, holding 
 downe her head, let fall wonderfull ftreames of teares downe 
 her daintic cheekes." Todd. 
 
 #
 
 CANTO XI. THE FAERIE QUEENIt* l^l 
 
 But earely, ere the morrow next gan reare 
 Out of the fea faire Titans deawy face. 
 Up rofe the gentle Virgin from her place, 
 And looked all about, if fhe might fpy 
 Her loved Knight to move his manly pace : 
 For {he had great doubt of his fafety, 
 
 Since late (he faw him fall before his enimy. 
 xxxiv. 
 
 At laft (he faw, where he upftarted brave 
 Out of the AVell wherein he drenched lay : 
 As eagle, freih out of the ocean wave, 
 Where he hath lefte his plumes all hory gray, 
 And deckt himfelfe with fethers youthly gay, 
 Like eyas hauke up mounts unto the (kies, 
 His newly-budded pineons to aflay, 
 And marveiles at himfelfe, ftil as he flies : 
 
 So new this new-borne Knight to battell new 
 did rife. 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 Whom when the damned Feend fo frelh did fpy, 
 No wonder if he wondred at the light, 
 
 XXXIV. 3. As eagle, frejh out of the ocean zcave,] See 
 Pj'al. ciii. 5. " Thy youth is renewed like the eagle." The in- / 
 terpreters tell us, that every ten years the eagle Ibars into the 
 fiery region, from thence plunges himfelf into the fea, where, 
 molting his old feathers, he acquires new. To this opinion 
 Spenfer vifibly alludes. Uptox. 
 
 XXXIV. 6. Like eyas hauke] Unhedged, from the old 
 Englifh word ei/, an egg. So, in his Hpnne of Heav. Love; 
 " Ere flitting Time could wag his eyas wings." Church. 
 
 XXXIV. 9. So new this new-borne Knight to battell new did 
 rife.'] New-born, i. e. being as it were regenerated by baptifm 
 in the well of life. Upton.
 
 172 THE faerIe queexe. book I. 
 
 And doubted whether his late enimy 
 It were, or other new fupphed Knight. 
 He now, to prove his late-renewed might, 
 High brandilliing his bright deaw-burning 
 
 blade, 
 Upon his crefted fcalp fo fore did fmite. 
 That to the fcuU a yawning wound it made :: 
 The deadly dint his dulled fences all difmaid. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 I wote not, whether the revenging fteele 
 Were hardned with that holy water dew ^ 
 Wherein he fell ; or fliarper edge did feele ; 
 Or his baptized hands now greater grew ; 
 Or other fecret vertue did enfew ; 
 Els never could the force of flelhly arme, 
 Ne molten mettall, in his blood embrew : 
 For, till that ftownd, could never wight him 
 harme 
 By fubtilty, nor flight, nor might, nor mighty 
 charme. 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 The cruell wound enraged him fo fore, 
 
 XXXV. 6. High hrandifhing his bright deaw-burning ^/aJe,} 
 In the next ftanza he interprets it, " his blade was hardned and 
 tempered with the holy water." The exprelTion deaxv-bur/iijig, 
 muft be read with foine liberality of interpretation; 'twa3 
 hiirning bright with that holy dew in which it had been bap- 
 tii;<;d. Upton. 
 
 XXXVI. 6". Els never &c.] This is a flip of our poet's 
 memory. See ftanzas 20 and ;i2. Church.
 
 ANTO XI. THE FAERIE QVEENE. 173 
 
 That loud he yelled for exceeding paine ; 
 As hundred ramping lions feemd to rore, 
 Whom ravenous hunger did thereto con- 
 
 ftraine. 
 I^hen gan he tofTe aloft his ftretched traine, 
 And therewith fcourge the buxome aire fo 
 
 fore, 
 That to his force to yielden it was faine ; 
 Ne ought his fturdy firokes might ftand 
 
 afore, 
 That high trees overthrew, and rocks in peeces 
 
 tore : 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 The fame advauncing high above his head, 
 With Iharpe intended Iting fo rude him fmott, 
 That to the earth him drove, as ftricken dead; 
 Ne livino; wiffht would have him life behott : 
 The mortall Iting his angry needle fliott 
 
 XXXVII. 2. //c yelled] So the folio of 1609, 
 
 and all the fubfequent editions, read. Spenler's own editions 
 read yelded. Compare Chaucer's Card. T. '[^^3^5^ edit. 
 Tyrvvhitt. 
 
 " They yelleden as fends don in helle." 
 Whether this augmented preterperfed might be formerly pro- 
 nounced yddtn, and fo influence Spenfer to gi\a yelded, I am 
 unable to fay. The word in Chaucer, however, is corrupted 
 by Urry, who resids yeUi/i. Todd. 
 
 XXXVII. 6. the buxome aire] The buxom air, 
 
 that is, the yielding air, is a common phrafe in our old poetry, 
 as I have obferved on the fame exprellion, Par. L. B. ii. 842, 
 See alfo the note on buxome, F. Q. iii. ii. 23. Todd. 
 
 XXXVIII. 2. intended] Stretched out. Lat. 
 
 iiitendo. Church.
 
 17*i THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Quite through his ftiield, and in his flioulder 
 
 feafd, 
 Where fad it ftucke, ne would thereout be 
 
 gott : 
 The griefe thereof him wondrous fore difeafd, 
 Ne might his rancUng paine with patience be 
 
 appeafd. 
 
 XXXIX. 
 
 But yet, more mindful! of his honour deare 
 Then of the grievous fmart which him did 
 
 wring, 
 From loathed foile he can him lightly reare, 
 And ftrove to loofe the far infixed fting : 
 Which when in vaine he tryde with ftrug- 
 
 geling, 
 Inflam'd with wrath, his raging blade he hefte, 
 And ftrooke fo ftrongly, that the knotty firing 
 Of his huge taile he quite aibnder clefte ; 
 
 Five ioints thereof he hewd, and but the ftump 
 
 him lefte. 
 
 XL. 
 Hart cannot thinke, what outrage and what 
 cries, 
 With fowle enfouldred fmoake and flafliing fire, 
 
 XXXIX. 4. fting:] In the fecond edi- 
 tion Jiring is brought up from the 7th line, -dnd/ting is canied 
 down in the room of it. This blunder is followed by tlie folios, 
 and by Hughes. See a like inftance, F. Q. iv. x. 23. Ciiuucn. 
 
 XL. 2. fFith fowie enfouldred fmoake] The fenfe is, To.- 
 gether with fowle fmoake and flaftiing fire {enfouldred) thrown 
 lurth like thunder and lightning. Fr.fouldroycr. Church.
 
 CANTO xr. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 175 
 
 The hell-bred Bead threw forth unto thefkies, 
 
 That all was covered with darknelTe dire : 
 
 Then fraught with rancour, and engorged yre, 
 
 He cad at once him to avenge for all ; 
 
 And, gathering up himfelfe out of the mire 
 
 With his uneven wings, did fiercely fall 
 
 Upon his funne-bright fhield, and grypt it faft 
 
 withall. 
 
 XLI. 
 
 Much was the Man encombred with his hold. 
 
 In fearc to lofe his weapon in his paw, 
 
 Ne will yett, how his talaunts to unfold ; 
 
 Nor harder was from Cerberus gree<ly iaw 
 
 To plucke a bone, then from his cruell claw 
 
 XL. 7. ' '^ out of the mire 
 
 With his uneven luings,^ All the editions place a 
 comma after mire, and none after wings ; which punduation 
 fpoils the fenfe. For " uneven wings," fee fl. 20; where one 
 wing is faid to be wounded, and was therefore iefs Itroug to 
 fupport him. Church. 
 
 XLI. 1. Much was the Man encombred] The Maii^ as in 
 Virgil, ^71. iv. 3. 
 
 " JNIulta xiri virtus animo, &c."' 
 So, in F. Q. ii. vii, 37- " And ugly fliapes did nigh the Man 
 difmay." viz. Sir Guyon. So, in the beginning of Plato's P^a-c^o, 
 "o ANHP. viz. So( rates. And in Xenophon, Cyr. Anab. L. i. 'o ^' 
 
 ANHP TTO^XS /Afv a.|to? ip'i'hoq, u uv (pi^o? r), viz, CyruS. UfTO^r. 
 
 XLI. 4. Nor harder was from Cerberus greedie iaw 
 
 To plucke a bone, &c.] 'Tis a proverbial expref- 
 fion, intimating as a thing of the higheft hazard, to attempt to 
 wreft the club out of the hand of Hercules, or to pluck a bone 
 out of the greedy jaws of Cerberus : we fhould not therefore 
 read, " For harder was, &c." but " Nor harder was" L e. 
 'twas ealier to pluck a bone, &c. And this obvious reading is 
 warranted by the folios. Upton. 
 
 Mr, Church alio reads Nor. The editions of 1751 and 
 1758 follow the quartos, For, Todd.
 
 176 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 To reave by ftrength the griped gage away : 
 Thrife he aflayd it from his foote to draw, 
 And thrile in vaine to draw it did afllay ; 
 It booted nought to thinke to robbe him of his 
 pray. 
 
 XLIL 
 
 Tho, when he faw no power might prevaile^ 
 His trufty fword he cald to his laft aid, 
 Wherewith he fierflv did his foe aflfaile. 
 And double blowes about him ftoutly laid, 
 That glauncing fire out of the yron plaid ; 
 As i'parckles from the andvile ufe to fly, 
 AVhen heavy hammers on the wedg are 
 
 fwaid ; 
 Therewith at laft he forft him to unty 
 One of his grafping feete, him to defend 
 
 thereby. 
 
 XLIII. 
 The other foote, faft fixed on his fhield, 
 
 AVhenas no ftrength nor ftroks mote him con- 
 
 ftraine 
 To loofe, ne yet the warUke pledg to yield ; 
 He fmott thereat with all his misrht and 
 
 maine, 
 That nought fo wondrous puiffaunce might 
 
 fuftaine : 
 Upon the ioint the lucky fteele did light, 
 And made fuch wa}', that hewd it quite in 
 
 twaine ;
 
 CANTO Xr. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 177^ 
 
 The paw yett miffed not his miniftit might, 
 
 But hong rtill on the Ihield, as it at firft was 
 
 pight. 
 
 XLIV. 
 
 J'or griefe thereof and divelifh defpight, 
 
 From his infernall fournace fourth he threw 
 
 Huge flames, that dimmed all the hevens 
 
 light, 
 Enrold in dufkidi fmoke and brimftone blew; 
 As burning Aetna from his boyling ftew 
 Doth belch out flames, and rockes in peeces 
 
 broke, 
 
 XLIII. 8. -^ Ms miniflit migliti] His dimi' 
 
 iii/iied might. Minijhed is ufed in our tranflation of the Bible. 
 See Exod. v. I9, Pfal. xii. 1. (Liturgy) " 'J'he faithfull are 
 mini/hed from among the children of men :" (Bib. Tr.) " The 
 faithfull fail ^c." See alfo Pfal. cvii; 39* " Again they are ^ 
 minijhed," in both tranflationSi Todd. 
 
 XLIV. 5. As burning Aetna from his boyling Jlew 
 
 Doth belch out flames, &c.] In the fame man- 
 ner Satan, the old dragon, in Taflb, is compared to ^tna, C. iv. 
 8, Both thefe poets had Virgil's description in view, JEn. iii. 
 
 " Sed horrificis juxta tonat iEtna ruinis, 
 " Interdumque atram prorumpit ad asthera nubem, 
 " Turbine fumantem piceo & candente favilla ; 
 " Attollitque globos flammarum et fidera lambit : 
 " Interdum fcopulos avolfaque vifcera montis 
 " Erigit eruftans, &c." 
 The affeded nicety of Longinus feems difpleafed with thefe 
 kind of expreflions, " belching out flames and ragged ribs of 
 molten mountains, which heaven with horrour choke : attol' 
 lit que globos flammarum et fidera lambit : fcopulos avolfaque vif- 
 cera montis erigit eru6ians." Ilpo; apayoK i^tjA-tTv a Tpyx, aXA 
 TTct^urfxyu^ot, Longinus fed, iii. But neither Spenfer nor Milton 
 feem much to have hearkened to Longinus ; See Par. Loji, B. 
 i. 670. " -^ 
 
 VOL. III. N 
 
 v^
 
 173 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 And ragged ribs of mountaines molten new, 
 Enwrapt in colebiacke clowds and filthy 
 fmoke, 
 That al the land with flench, and heven with 
 
 horror, choke. 
 
 XLV. 
 The heate whereof, and harmefull peflilence^ 
 So fore him nojd, that forft him to retire 
 A little backeward for his bell defence. 
 To fave his body from the fcorching fire, . 
 Which he from hellifh entrailes did expire. 
 It chaunft, (Eternall God that chaunce did 
 
 guide,) 
 As he recoiled backeward, in the mire 
 
 " There ftood a hill not far, whofe griefly top 
 ** Btkh'd fire and rowling Imoke." Upton. 
 Spenfer and Milton had been authorifed by Phaer, in his 
 tranflation of the before cited palfage of Virgil, ed. 15o8. 
 Sign. H. iij. 
 
 ** Sometyme, the rockes and mountains deepe entrayles, 
 
 albnder braft, 
 " It belching bolkyth out " Todd. 
 XLIV. 9- That al the land with jlenchy &c.] Compare 
 ftanza the tliirteenth of this canto. And fee Boccacio's Laber- 
 intod'Amore: " Che ti diro adunque pivl auanti del borgo di 
 mal pertuggio pofto tra due rileuati monti ? del quale alcuna 
 volta quando con tuoni graudilTirai, e quando fenza non altri- 
 menti, che di Mongibello Jpira vn fiimo fulfureo Ji fetidu, e ft 
 fpiaceuole, che tutta la contrada d' atiorna appuzza." Todd. 
 
 XLV. 2. "<^yd,] Annoyed, injured. Thus, in the 
 
 Hift. of Sir Clyomon, 1599- Sign. G. i.b. " He fliall fuftaine no 
 noj/." And in Bevis of Hampton : 
 
 *' In many waies he would him noi/." 
 See alfo F. Q. i. X. 2-i. Todd. 
 
 . XLV. 5. Which he from hellijh entrailes did exipire.^ Which 
 be (the drigon) did breath forth. Lat. exjpico. Church.
 
 CANTO XI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 179 
 
 His nigh forwearied feeble feet did flide, 
 And downe he fell, with dread of fliame fore 
 terrifide. 
 
 XLVI. 
 
 There grew a goodly Tree him faire befide, 
 Loaden with fruit and apples rofy redd, 
 As they in pure vermilion had been dide, 
 Whereof great vertues over all were redd : 
 For happy life to all which thereon fedd, 
 
 . And life eke everlafting did befall : 
 
 Great God it planted in that bleifed ftedd 
 With his Almighty hand, and did it call 
 
 The Tree of Life, the crime of our firfl Fathers 
 fall. 
 
 XLVI. 1. There grew a goodly Tree'\ See Reti. ii. 7, and 
 xxii, 2. As Spenfer keeps nearly to Scripttue, and preferves 
 all along his allegory : fo likewife, as far forth as his fubjedl 
 allows, he lofes not fight altogether of the legendary Hiftory 
 of St. George ; of whom 'tis related that the Dragon aflaulted 
 our Knight fo furioufly, that both man and horfe came to the 
 ground fore bruifed. That it happened a tree grew near the 
 place, where the fight was, of fuch j^recious virtue, that no 
 venomous worm durft approach its branches. That under this 
 tree, and with its goodly fruit our hero refreftied himfelf 
 awhile, and then returned more vigorous to the battle. 
 
 Upton. 
 
 XLVI. p. the crime] Why does he call th 
 
 Tree of Life, " the crime of our firft Fathers fall ?" Jortin. 
 
 By a kind of metonymy, that is applied to the Tree of Life 
 ivhich belongs to Man; and it means that Tree, which was made 
 criminal for us to prefume to reach ; which was prohibited to 
 us, through the crime of Adam. Upton. 
 
 Crime here is not to be underftood for fault ; but fignifies, 
 as the Latin word crimen does, reproach. And fo I think 
 Spenfer ufes it, F. Q. i. vi. 13, ii. vii. 45, and again, vi. ix:. 40". 
 " Without crime or blameful blot ;" Where he means, to ^3i> 
 
 N 2
 
 180 THE FAERfE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 XLVII. 
 
 In all the world like was not to be fownd, 
 Save in that foile, where all good things did 
 
 grow, 
 And freely fprong out of the fruitfull grownd, 
 As incorrupted Nature did them fow. 
 Till that dredd Dragon all did overthrow. 
 Another like faire Tree eke grew thereby, 
 Whereof whofo did eat, eftfoones did know 
 
 Both good and ill : O mournfuU memory 
 
 That Tree through one Mans fault hath doen 
 us all to dy ! 
 
 XLVIII. 
 From that firft Tree forth flo'wd, as from a well, 
 A trickling ftreame of balme, moft foveraine 
 And dainty deare, which on the ground ftill 
 
 fell. 
 And overflowed all the fertile plaine, 
 
 the behaviour of Calidore was irreproachable. Milton too, if I 
 tniftake not, ufes crime for reproach, in Par. L. B. ix. 1180. 
 " but I rue 
 
 *' That errour now, which is become my crime, 
 
 " And thou the accufer " 
 Eve had juft before reproached Adam for giving her leave to 
 go from him. And again, B. x. 125. " Either to undergo 
 myfelf the total crifne &c." So that the words, The Tree of 
 Life, the crime, &c. have a very fignificant meaning, 'i'he 
 Tree of Life, (of which our firft Father, had he continued 
 innocent, might have eaten, and lived,) was a reproach to him, 
 that is, might be faid to reproach him for eating of tlie forbidden 
 Tree of Knowledge, which proved fatal to himi Chuucii. 
 
 XLVII. p. 'Iltat Tree, through one Mans fault cS:c.] Here 
 he tells us, thu't the Tree of Knowledge occafioned the Fall of 
 Man ; in the preceding ftanza, he had aflinued the fame of the 
 Tree of Life. T. VVartox.
 
 CANTO XI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 181: 
 
 As it had deawed bene with timely raine : 
 Life and long health that gracious ointment 
 
 gave;* 
 And deadly wounds could heale ; and reare 
 
 againe 
 The fencelefle corfe appointed for the grave : 
 Into that fame he fell, which did from death 
 him fave. 
 
 XLIX. 
 For nigh thereto the ever-damned Bead 
 
 Durft not approch, for he was deadly made, 
 And al that life preferved did deteft ; 
 Yet he it oft adventured to invade. 
 By this the drouping Day-light gan to fade* 
 And yield his rowme to fad fucceeding Night, 
 Who with her fable mantle gan to Ihade 
 The face of earth and wayes of living wight. 
 And high her burning torch fet up in heaven 
 
 bright. 
 
 L. 
 When gentle Una faw the fecond fall 
 
 Of her deare Knight, who, weary of long fight 
 And faint through loffe of blood, moov'd not 
 
 at all. 
 But lay, as in a dreame of deepe delight, 
 Befmeard with pretious balme, whofe ver- 
 tuous might 
 
 XLIX. 2. Tor he was deadly made,] Made for death, hell, 
 and deftrudion; not for life, heaven, and happinefs. Uptox. 
 
 N 3
 
 182 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Did heale his woundes, and fcorching heat 
 
 alay ; 
 
 Againe Ihe ftricken was with fcjre affright, 
 
 And for his fafetie gan devoutly pray, 
 
 And watch the noyous night, and wait for 
 
 joyous day. 
 
 LI. 
 
 fhe ioyous day gan early to appeare ; 
 And fayre Aurora from the deawy bed 
 Of aged Tithone gan hei-felfe to reare 
 With rofy cheekes, for (hame as blufhing red : 
 Her golden locks, for haft, were loofely ihed 
 About her eares, when Una her did marke 
 Clymbe to her charet, all with flowers fpred, 
 From heven high to chace the cheareleffe 
 darke ; 
 
 With mery note her lowd falutes the mounting 
 larke. 
 
 LI. 8. From heven high to chrrce the chearelejfe darke; 
 
 With mery note her lowd falutes the ntomitiug lafJce.'] 
 This pi(5lurefque and beautiful couplet had been read with 
 much attention by Milton. Accordingly, in his delicious Alle- 
 gro, the cock (the meffenger of morn) " fcatters the rear of 
 darknefs thin," or, in Spenfer's words, chaces the cheareleJJ'e 
 darke ; and the lark " in fpite of forrow," that is, tiith mery 
 note, falutes the early-riling poet. Drayton has thus prettily 
 introduced the bird in his Shepheards Garland, ed. 1593, p. 6^. 
 " The 'whiftling larke, yaiounted on her wings, 
 '* To the gray morrow her good morrow fmgs." Todd. 
 LT. 9' With mery note^ In this fenfe, merry is ufed by 
 j/ our tranflators of the Bible, James v. 13. " Is any among you 
 aflflifted ? Let him pray. Is any merry ? Let him fmg pfalms." 
 Where merry is oppofed to qffiided. Church.
 
 CANTO XI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 183 
 
 LII. 
 
 Then freflily up arofe the doughty Knight, 
 All healed of his hurts and woundes wide. 
 And did hirafelfe to battaile ready dight; 
 Whofe early Foe awaiting him befide 
 To have devourd, fo foone as day he fpyde. 
 When now he faw himfelfe fo frefhly reare. 
 As if late fight had nought him damnifyde. 
 He woxe difmaid, and gan his fate to feare ; 
 
 NathlefTe with wonted rage he him advaunced 
 neare ; 
 
 LIII. 
 
 And in his firft encounter, gaping wyde. 
 
 He thought attonce him to have fwallowd 
 
 quight, 
 And ruiht upon him with outragious pryde; 
 Who him rencounting fierce, as hauke iii 
 
 flight, 
 Perforce rebutted back : The weapon bright, 
 Taking advantage of his open iaw. 
 
 Chaucer has applied meyy to herb, as fignifying pkafant. 
 Cant. T. 14972. edit. Tyrwhitt. The expreffion meny note was 
 probably common, as it is ufed in Amiens's fong, in As yoit 
 like it : 
 
 " Under the greenwood tree, 
 
 " Who loves 10 lie with me, 
 
 ** And tune his merrx} note 
 
 " Unto the fweet bird's throat " Todd. 
 LIII. 2. He thought attonce him to have fwal/owd] Thus 
 the winged ferpent, in the Black Caftle, attacks St. George, 
 *' pretending to have fwallowed whole this courageous war- 
 riour, &c." Seven Champions, B. i. C. 1. T. Warton. 
 
 N 4
 
 ]84 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Ran through his mouth with fo importune 
 
 might, 
 That deepe emperft his darkfom hollow maw, 
 And, back retyrd, his life blood forth withall 
 
 did draw. 
 
 LIV. 
 
 80 downe he fell, and forth his life did breath. 
 That vanifht into Imoke and cloudes fwift ; 
 So downe he fell, that th' earth him undef-r 
 
 neath 
 Did grone, as feeble fo great load to lift ; 
 3o dowi^e he fell, as an huge rocky clift, 
 
 LIII, 9. And, back retyr'd,] And, when drawn out back 
 again. Fr. retirer. Church. 
 
 LIV. I, Sp downe he fell, &c.] " So dpwne he fell," is 
 
 four times repeated that the dreadful image might be fixed in 
 
 the readers mind ; and not only for this very good reafon, but 
 
 likewife becaufe the fame kind of repetition is made at the fall 
 
 y of Babylon, of which this dragon is a type. Rev. xiv. 8. 
 
 ^ '* Babylon is fallen, is fallen." 3ee too Ifai. xxj. 9' Milton, 
 
 in his account of the metamorpbofis of the infernal fpirits into 
 
 ferpents, repeats thrice the fame vrord. Par. Lojt, B. x. 540. 
 
 " down their arms, 
 
 f Down fell both fpear and fliield ; do-u^n they as faft.'' 
 
 Uptox. 
 
 This paflTage of Spenfer is not, perhaps, without obligation 
 to Holy Writ. Compare the triumphant Song of Deborah and 
 Barak, Judges v. 26, 27. " She fmote Sifera At her feet he 
 bowed, he Jell, he lay down; at her feet he bowed, he fell\ 
 where he bowed, there he fell down dead." Todd. 
 
 lAV. 2. That vanijht into Jtnolce &c.] We meet with the 
 fame circumftance in Hawes's Pajlime (f Fleqfure. But it is 
 pfual in rot^iance. T- Warton, 
 
 LIV. 5, a^ an huge rocky cliff, &c.] This fimilQ 
 
 originally belongs to Homer; but almoll all the poets^ have 
 jmitated it, wjth additipaj, of ^Iterations, ^s ijfie\i^ fubjedl rpt
 
 CANTO XI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 185 
 
 Whofe falfe foundacion waves have waflit 
 
 away, 
 With dreadfull poyfe is from the mayneland 
 
 rift, 
 And, rolhng downe, great Neptune doth dif- 
 
 may ; 
 So downe he fell, and Hke an heaped moun- 
 
 taine lay. 
 
 LV. 
 The Knight himfelfe even trenibled at his fall. 
 So huge and horrible a mafle it feemd ; 
 And his deare Lady, that beheld it all, 
 Durft not approch for dread which fhe mif- 
 
 deemd ; 
 But yet at laft, whenas the direfull Feend 
 She faw not iHrre, ofF-lhaking vaine affright 
 She nigher drew, and faw that iovous end : 
 Then God fhe prayfd, and thankt her faith- 
 full Knight, 
 That had atchievde fo great a conquefl by his 
 might. 
 
 quired. Our poet fays, " With dreadfull poyfe," that is, force 
 or iveight. None of the editions read pufh, as Homer, Virgil, 
 and Milton, in their fimilitude, exprefs it. See Homer, 11. v. 
 J.57, Virg, jEn. xii. 685, Milton, Par. L. B. vi. 1^5. Upton. 
 
 hV. !, for dread which flic viifdeemd ;] That is, 
 
 ftie durft not approach, through fear, which (he mifconceived, 
 that the Knight had been opprefled by the fall of the Dragon. 
 
 Church.
 
 186 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 ^> CANTO XII. 
 
 Fayre Una to the Redcrojfe Knight 
 
 Betrouthed is with ioy : 
 Though falfeDueJfa^ it to bar re, 
 
 HerfalfeJIeightes doe imploy, 
 
 I. 
 
 BEHOLD I fee the haven nigh at hand, 
 To which I meane my wearie courfe to bend ; 
 Vere the maine (hete, and beare up with the 
 
 land, 
 The which afore is fayrly to be kend, 
 A nd feemeth fafe from ftorms that may offend : 
 There this fayre Virgin wearie of her way 
 
 _ Muft landed bee, now at her iourneyes end ; 
 There eke my feeble barke a while may ftay. 
 
 Till mery wynd and weather call her thence 
 
 away. 
 
 11. 
 
 Scarfely had Phoebus in the glooming eaft 
 Yett harneffed his fyrie-footed teeme, 
 
 I. 9. Till raerywynd] See the notes on meryj C. x. ft. 51. 
 
 Todd. 
 
 II. 2. Ms fyrie-footed tceme,'] This epithet 
 
 Ovid gives to the horfes of the Sun, Met. ii. 3^2. 
 
 " ignipedum vires expertus equorum." 
 
 And Statins calls Phoebus, " ignipedum frenator equorum," 
 T/icb. i. 27- Upton.
 
 CANTO XII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 187 
 
 Ne reard above the earth his flaming creaft ; 
 When the laft deadly fmoke aloft did fteeme, 
 That figne of laft outbreathed life did feeme 
 Unto the watchman on the caftle-wall, 
 Who thereby dead that balefull Beaft did 
 
 deeme, 
 And to his Lord and Lady lowd gan call, 
 
 To tell how he had feene the Dragons fatall fall. 
 
 III. 
 L^profe with hafty ioy, and feeble fpeed, 
 That aged fyre, the Lord of all that land. 
 And looked forth, to weet if trew indeed 
 Thofe tydinges were, as he did underftand : 
 W hich whenas trew by tryall he out fond, 
 He badd to open wyde his brafen gate. 
 Which long time had beene (hut, and out of 
 
 bond 
 Proclaymed ioy and peace through all his 
 ftate; 
 For dead now was their Foe, which them for- 
 
 rayed late. 
 
 IV. 
 Then gan triumphant trompets fownd on bye. 
 That lent to heven the ecchoed report 
 
 Spenfer had before employed the epithet, in his Skep. Cal. 
 July, ver. 18. 
 
 " And now the fun hath reared up 
 " His FIERY-FOOTED teme." 
 Shakfpeare probably borrowed it from Spenfer ; for thus Juliet 
 iays, in Rom. and Jul. 
 
 " Gallop apace, ye ^erj^-^oofeJ Heeds !" Todd.
 
 188 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 Of their new ioy, and happie viftory 
 Gainft him, that had them long opprefl with 
 
 tort. 
 And faft imprifoned in fieged fort. 
 Then all the people, as in folemne feaft. 
 To him alTembled with one full confort, 
 Reiojcing at the fall of that great Beafl, 
 From whofe eternall bondage now they were 
 releaft. 
 
 V. 
 
 Forth came that auncient Lord, and agedQueene, 
 Arajd in Antique robes downe to the grownd, 
 And fad habiliments right well befeene : 
 A noble crew about them waited rownd 
 Of fage and fober peres, all gravely gownd ; 
 Whom far before did march a goodly band 
 
 IV. 4. tort,] Injury. Fr. Church. 
 
 1/ IV. Q. From whofe eternall bondage cVc] See Jler. xiv. 10, 
 
 and XX. 10. The conftrudion and meaning, however, may be. 
 From whofe bondage they were now eternally releafed : Eternall 
 for eternally. So Dante, Infern. C. iii. 
 
 " Dinanzi a me non fur cofe create, 
 
 " Se non eterne, ed lo etfr no duro." Todd. 
 
 V. 3. And fad habiliments] Again, in the twenty fecond ftanza, 
 " fad wimple." See the note on the application of fad to 
 drefs, F. Q. i. x. 7. Todd. 
 
 V. 5. alt gravely gownd;] Goxvned was a 
 
 common word in Spenfer's time. See Barret's Did. 1580, V. 
 "GoTcned: that weareth a gowne. Togatus." Sbakfpeare has 
 chofen toged to exprefs the fame thing, Othell. A. i. S. i. 
 " The toged confuls." Todd. 
 
 V. 6. a goodly band 
 
 Of tall young men,] It is remarkable that this paf- 
 fage fhould have efcaped the notice of Mr. Warton, when he 
 pointed out feveral poetical alluficns to the banp oh peNt
 
 CANTO XII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 189 
 
 Of tall young men, all hable armes to fownd. 
 But now they laurell braunches bore in hand ; 
 
 Glad figne of vi6lory and peace in all their land. 
 
 VI. 
 
 Unto that doughtie Conquerour they came, 
 
 SIGNERS in his note on Milton's //. Pcn/I ver. p ; efpecially, 
 as in one of his illullrations, the employment of fuch officers 
 under the Faery Queen is not overlooked. See the Midf. 
 N. Dr. A. ii. S. i. 
 
 " The cowflips ^a// her jt)en/?oner5 be." 
 This, fays Mr. VVarton, " was in confequence of Queen Elifa- 
 beth's fafliionable ellablifhment of a band of military courtiers 
 by that name. They were fome of the handfomeft and talleft 
 young men, of the beft families and fortunes, that could be 
 found." Todd. 
 
 V. 7.' all hable armes to fownd,] It feems 
 
 at firft fight to mean, all able to found to arms, 
 
 " Mre ciere viros, Martemque accendere cantu." 
 But though the words, at firft view, feem to claim this inter- 
 pretation, yet it has little or no fenfe here ; for the poet (hould 
 have faid, t/iat there marched a band of young men, all able to 
 bear arms, but noxo they bore laurel branches : and this fenfe we 
 may arrive at with the words, as they now ftand, by inter- 
 preting, " all hable arms to found," all able to make trial 
 of war and arms ; " arma explorare," to found, as it were, the 
 depth of war. The metaphor may be bold, but the reader is 
 to confider what fetters our poet has put on, and that rhymes 
 nuift be found out at any rate : and as explorare fignifies both 
 to found, and to try, eff'ay or prove : fo he may be allowed to 
 ufe to found, for to make a trial of or ejj'ay^ Upton. 
 
 Perhaps this rhyme upon compulfion (as Mr. Upton confiderS 
 it) may afford another meaning. Thefe young men, though 
 now clad in weeds of peace, were all fit for the bufinefs of 
 war, if their fervices (hould be required ; that is, poetically, 
 and with allufion to ancient cuftom, were, as Spenfer himfelf 
 fays, 
 
 " Redoubted battaile ready to darrayne, 
 
 " And clajh their Jhields " 
 Or, as Milton exprefles it, Par. L. B. i. 668, " with grafped 
 arms to claJh on their s-oun ding Jhields the din of v^ar." 
 
 Todd.
 
 190 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I.. 
 
 And, him before themfelves proftrating low. 
 Their Lord and Patrone loud did him pro- 
 
 clame, 
 And at his feet their lawrell boughes did 
 
 throw. 
 Soone after them, all dauncing on a row, 
 The comely virgins came, with girlands dight. 
 As frefti as flowres in medow greene doe grow, 
 AVhen morning deaw upon their leaves doth 
 
 light ; 
 And in their handes fweet timbrells all upheld 
 
 on hio-ht. 
 
 VII. 
 
 And, them before, the fry of children yong 
 Their wanton fportes and childiih mirth did 
 
 play, 
 
 And to the may dens fownding tymbrels fong 
 In well attuned notes a ioyous lay. 
 And made delightfull mulick all the way, 
 Untill they came, where that faire Virgin 
 ftood : 
 
 VI. 2. ^nd, him before &c.] And proftrating themfelves 
 low before him. Church. 
 
 VI. 8. . doth light;] All the editiont 
 
 place a colon after light, and have no parenthefis. Church. 
 
 VII. 3. And to the maydeiis founding tymbrels fong &c.] 
 The conftrudion is, And did fing in well attuned notes to the 
 founding tymbrels of the maydens. Xhe fecond edition reads, 
 
 fung ; but this i^ not according to Spenfer's manner of fpelling, 
 which he makes agree with the corj-efponding rhyme. 
 
 Upton.
 
 CANTO XII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 191 
 
 As fayre Diana in fre{h fommers day 
 Beholdes her nymphes enraung'd in (hady 
 wood, 
 Some wreflle, fome do run, fome bathe in 
 
 chriftall flood ; 
 
 VIII. 
 So flie beheld thofe mavdens meriment 
 
 With chearefull vew ; who, when to her they 
 
 came, 
 Themfelves to ground with gracious humblefle 
 
 bent. 
 And her ador'd by honorable name, 
 Lifting to heven her everlaiting fame : 
 Then on her head they fett a girlond greene, 
 And crowned her twixt earneft and t wixt game : 
 Who, in her felf-refemblance well befeene, 
 Did feeme, fuch as ftie was, a goodly Maiden 
 Queene. 
 
 IX. 
 
 And after all the raikall many ran, 
 Heaped together in rude rablement. 
 
 VIII. 3. humblefle] Humility. See 
 
 the note, F. Q. i. iii, 26. And fee ft. 25 of this canto. Todd. 
 
 IX. 1. And after all the raflcall many] The rafcality, <n 
 -BoXXo*. Gall-, racaille. Chaucer, Troil. and Cref. 1852. 
 
 " Of Jove, Apollo, Mars, and fuch rajkaile :" 
 That is, fuch a mob of deities. The mob here admire the 
 Knight, as from heaven fent, ui apawQei' xt6?, and gaze upon 
 him with gaping wonderment: Virg. ^n. vii. 812. 
 
 " 111am omnis tedis agrifque effufa juventus 
 
 " Turbaque miratur matrum, et profpedat euntem; 
 
 V Attonitis iiikians auimis." Upton.
 
 192 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I^ 
 
 To fee the face of that vi6lorious Man, 
 AVhom all admired as from heaven fent^ 
 And gaz'd upon with gaping wonderment. 
 But when thej came where that dead Dragon 
 
 lay, 
 Stretcht on the ground in monftrous large 
 
 extent. 
 
 The fight with ydle feare did them difmay, 
 
 Ne durft approch him nigh, to touch, or once 
 
 affay. 
 
 X. 
 
 Some feard, and fledd; fome feard, and well it 
 
 faynd ; 
 
 IX, 9. N'e durji approch him nigh,] An elleipfis. Ne durft 
 tkei/ approach him nigh. T. Warton. 
 
 X. 1. Some feard, &c.] The mob gathering around the 
 dead Dragon, and dijcourfing of him, is humoroufly defcribed, 
 and may be compared with Homer, //. x- 370, where the 
 many thus crowd with admiration around the body of Hedor, 
 and difcourfe of him when dead ; or with Virgil, ^. viii. 265, 
 where the monfter Cacus is defcribed killed by Hercules. 
 Ovid, fpeaking of the Caledonian boar when killed, fays, almoft 
 in Spenfer's words, 7ie durji they approach him nigh, or ajj'ay 
 once to touch him. Met. viii. 482. 
 
 " Immanemque ferum, multa tellure jacentem, 
 " Mirantes fpedant; neque adhuc contingere tutum 
 " Efle putant." 
 Compare F. Q. iv. vii. 32. If any fliould diflike thefe ftanzas, 
 he ftiould in juftice to our poet fuppofe, that he intended 
 them as a kind of relief, and by way of oppofition, to 
 thofe terrible images which he defcribes in the livirig Dragon. 
 And this mixture of the dreadful and the comick, the ferious 
 and the ridiculous, is much after the manner of Shakfpearc, 
 whofe genius feems in many rcfpeds to refemble Spenfer's. 
 In Macbeth particularly, you have a comick fcene introduced, 
 as a kind of relief, juft after tlie horrid murder of the king. 
 
 Upton.
 
 CANTO Xir. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 193 
 
 One, that would wifer feeme then all the reft, 
 Warnd him not touchy for yet perhaps remaynd 
 Some lingring life within his hollow breft, 
 Or in his wombe might lurke fome hidden neft 
 Of many dragonettes, his fruitfull feede J 
 Another ikide, that in his eyes did reft 
 Yet fparckling fyre, and badd thereof take 
 heed ; 
 Another faid, he faw him move his eyes indeed. 
 
 XI. 
 One mother, wlienas her foolehardy chyld 
 Did come too neare, and with his talants play, 
 Halfedead through feare,herlitlebaberevyld, 
 And to her goffibs gan in counfell fay ; 
 '* How can I tell, but that his talants may 
 Yet fcratch my fonne, or rend his tender 
 
 hand ?" 
 So diverfly themfelves in vaine they fray ; 
 Whiles fome more bold to meafure him nigh 
 ftand, 
 To prove how many acres he did fpred of land. 
 
 XI. 4. goffibs] Comperes, her friends. See Ray's 
 
 North country words, in neme and eame. So, in Mother Hub- 
 berda Tale : 
 
 " Neighbour ape, and my gojjtp eke befide." 
 Another ufe of the word is thus explained by Verftegan, p. 223. 
 *' Our Chriftian anceftors, underftanding a fpiritual affinity to 
 grow between the parents, and fuch as undertooke for the 
 child at Baptifme, called each other by the name of Godfib, 
 which is as much as to fay, that they were 7*6 together, that is 
 of kin together through God. And the child, in like manner,' 
 called fuch his God-fathers, or God-mothers." Church. 
 
 VOL. III. O
 
 194 THE FAEKIE QUEENE. BOOK I, 
 
 .^ XII. 
 
 Thus flocked all the folke him rownd about ; 
 The whiles that hoarie King, with all his 
 
 traine, 
 Being arrived where that Champion ftout 
 After his Foes defeafaunce did remaine, 
 Him goodly greetes, and fayre does enter- 
 
 tayne 
 With princely gifts of yvory and gold, 
 And thoufand thankes him yeeldes for all his 
 
 paine. 
 Then when his Daugliterdeare he does behold. 
 Her dearely doth imbrace, and kiiTeth manifold. 
 
 XIIL 
 And after to his pallace he them bringes. 
 With ihaumes, and troijipets, and with clarions 
 
 fweet ; 
 And all the way the ioyous people finges, 
 And with their garments ftrowes the paved 
 
 ftreet ; 
 Whence mounting up, they fynd purveyaunce 
 
 meet 
 Of all, that royall princes court became ; 
 And all the floore was underneath their feet 
 
 XIL 6. gifts of yvory and gold,] Such prefents 
 
 a4 we read of in ancient authors : for our poet is all antique. 
 See Virg. uHn. iii. 46'4'. " Dona dehinc auro gravia, fedoque 
 elepkanto, &c." Upton. 
 
 XUI. 4. And with their garments Jirowes the paved Jlreet ;] 
 In allufion to Matt. xxi. 8, Luke, xix. 36. Upton.
 
 CANTO Xir. THE FAERIE QUEENE. Iy5 
 
 Befpredd with coftly fcarlott of great name, 
 On which they lowly fitt, and fitting purpofe 
 frame. 
 
 XIV. 
 What needes me tell their feaft and goodly guize, 
 In which was nothing riotous nor vaine ? 
 AVhat needes of dainty di(hes to devize, 
 Of comely fervices, or courtly trayne ? 
 
 XIII. 8. fcarlott of great va.me^'] Of great 
 
 celebrity. Mr. Upton refers to Ilorat. L. iii. Od. t). " Multi 
 Lydia nominls." But the phrafe leems to be, originally, Gre- 
 cian. See Lilian, V. H, II. 13. nOAYya-- hrS Xuxfo-THi ONOMA. 
 Hence the adjeftive, -aroAtiaJvy^o?. Todd. 
 
 XIII. 9. and fitting purpofe frame.] That is, 
 
 tlieir converfaiion was fuitable to the occafion of their meeting. 
 See the note on purpofe, F. Q. i. ii. 30, Church. 
 
 XIV. 1. fVhat needes me tell their feaji &c.] Compare the 
 defcription of Florimel's wedding, F. Q. v. iii. 3. After this 
 indireft, but comprehenfive, manner, Chaucer expreffes the 
 pomp of Cambufcan's feaft, Squ. Tale, v. 83. 
 
 " Of which fliall I tell all the array, 
 * Then would it occupie a fommer's day; 
 " And eke it needeth not to devife 
 *' At every courfe the order of fervice. 
 " I wol not tellen as now, of her ftrange fewes, 
 " Ne of her fwans, ne of her heron fewes. 
 " Eke in that land, as tellen knights old, 
 *' There is fome meat that is fud'l dainty hold, 
 *' That in this lond men retch of it but fraall : 
 " There is no man that may reporten all." 
 Thus alfo, when Lady Cuftance is married to the Sowdan of 
 Surrie, or Syria, Man of Lawes T. 704. 
 
 " What flauld I tellen of the rialte 
 " Of that wedding ? or which courfe goth befom ? 
 " Who bloweth in a trompe, or in a home ?" 
 In thefe paffages it is very evident, that Chaucer intended a 
 burlefque upon the tedious and elaborate defcriptions of fuch 
 mumportant circumflances, fo frequent in books of chivalry. 
 
 T. Warxon. 
 
 o2
 
 196 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK f. 
 
 My narrow leaves cannot in them contayne 
 The large difcourfe of roiall princes ftate. ' 
 Yet was their manner then but bare and 
 
 playne ; 
 . For th' antique world excefle and pryde did 
 hate : 
 Such proud luxurious pompe is fwoUen up but 
 
 late. 
 
 XV. 
 Then, when with meates and drinkes of every 
 kinde 
 Their terv ent appetites they quenched had. 
 That auncient Lord gan fit occaiion finde, 
 Of ftraunge adventures, and of perils fad 
 Which in his travell him befallen had. 
 For to demaund of his renowmed gueft : 
 Who then with utt'rance grave, and coun- 
 tenance fad. 
 From poynt to poynt, as is before expreft, 
 Difcourft his voyage long, according his re- 
 queft. 
 
 XV. 1. Then, when -with meates and drinkes of every kinde 
 
 Their fervent appetites they quenched had,] See alfo 
 F.-Q. iii. i. 5'2. There is a verfe of like fenfe in old Homer 
 often repeated, which (howes him no enemy to cheerful enter- 
 tainments, and 'tis traiiflated by Virgil, Taffb, Spenfer, Mil- 
 ton, ^C. AvTti.^ I'nrel roo-io? j^ i^rirvQ^ i| ipo> 'ivro, II. i. Q2. See 
 //. . 46'7, '. 432, z. 525, and other paflages. And Virgil, 
 ^n. -viii. 184, Taflb, C. xi. 17, and Milton, Par. L. B. v. 451. 
 
 Upton. 
 
 XV, 9. according his reqiiejl.] That is, 
 
 granting bis requeft. Todd.
 
 CANTO XII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 107 
 
 XVI. 
 
 Great pleafure, mixt with pittiful regard, 
 That godly King and Queene did paflionate, 
 Whyles they his pittifull adventures heard ; 
 That oft they did lament his lucklefTe ftate, 
 And often blame the too importune fate 
 Thatheapd on him fo many wrathfull wreakes; 
 (For never gentle Knight, as he of late, 
 So toffed was in fortunes cruell freakes ;) 
 
 And all the while fait teares bedeawd the hearers 
 cheaks. 
 
 XVII. 
 Then fayd that royall pere in fober wife ; 
 " Deare fonne, great beene the evils which 
 
 ye bore 
 From firft to laft in your late enterprife. 
 That I no^te, whether praife or pitty more : 
 For never living man, I weene, fo fore 
 In fea of deadly daungers was diftreft : 
 
 XVI. 2. did paflionate.] That is, did 
 
 exprefs zoit/i affe6lion. The French, and Italians, have paffioner, 
 pajjionare : and I find it in a play attributed to Shaklpeare, 
 named Titus Andronicus : 
 
 " Thy neice and I (poor creatures) want our hands, 
 " And cannot pajjionate our tenfold grief 
 " With folded arms :" 
 That is, exprefs with pajjion. Upton. 
 
 XVI. 5, And often blame the too importune fate] The cruell 
 fate. See Ovid, Met. x. 634. 
 
 " Nee mihi conjugium /i/^a importuna negarent." 
 Spenfer feems here to have had his eye on the introduAion to 
 the ^neid. Upton. 
 
 XVJI. 6. 7 fea of (/ef//j/ daungers &c.] Some expreflions 
 }a this ilanza are trauflated from the learned languages, as/ca 
 
 o 3
 
 I9S THE FAERIE QUEENE- BOOK I. 
 
 But fince now fafe ye feifed have the ftiore, 
 And well arrived are, (High God be bleft !) 
 Let us devize of eafe and everlafling i*eft/' 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 ^* Ah deareft Lord/' faid then that doughty 
 Knight, 
 ** Of eafe or reft I may not yet devize ; 
 For by the faith, which I to armes have plight, 
 1 bownden am ftreight after this emprize, 
 As that your Daughter can ye well advize, 
 Backe to retourne to that great Faery Queene, 
 And her to ferve fixe yeares in warlike wize, 
 Gainft that proud Paynim King that works 
 her teene ; 
 
 Therefore I ought crave pardon, till I there 
 
 have beene/' 
 
 XIX. 
 ^* Unhappy falls that hard neceffity,'^ 
 
 Quoth he, " the troubler of my happy peace. 
 
 And yowed foe of my felicity ; 
 
 Ne I againft the fame can juftly preace. 
 
 of dauvgers, y.h6}u xaxwv, Eurip. Med. 362 ; apd ye feifed have 
 thejhore, as in Hor. L. i. Od. 14. *? occvpare portum." 
 
 Upton. 
 No expreffions are more common in ancient Englifli poetry, 
 than the fta of dangers, or of furrow, or of joy, or of pajjion ; 
 the "waves of delight, and the waves of care &c. Todd. 
 
 XVIII. 8. her teene:] Vexation, or 
 
 grief. So, in Sir Bevis of Hampton : 
 
 " When Sir Bevis faw the blood, 
 *' For ire and teene he waxed wood." 
 And, in Fairfax, B. iii. 45^ 
 
 " The angrie Pagan bit his lips for teene." Todd.
 
 CANTO XII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. l^p, 
 
 But iince that band ye cannot now releafe. 
 Nor doen undo, (forvowes may not be vayne,) 
 Soone as the lerme of thofe fix yeares fhall 
 
 ceafe, 
 Ye then fliall hether backe retourne agayne. 
 The marriage to accompUfli vowd betwixt you 
 
 twayn : 
 
 XX. 
 " Which, for my part, I covet to performe. 
 In fort as through the world I did proclame. 
 That whofo kild that Monfter moft deforme. 
 And him in hardy battayle overcame. 
 Should have mine onely Daughter to his 
 
 Dame, 
 And of my kingdome heyre apparaunt bee : 
 Therefore fince now to thee perteynes the fame. 
 By dew defert of noble chevalree. 
 Both Daughter and eke Kingdome lo ! I yield 
 to thee/' 
 
 XXI. 
 
 Then forth he called that his Daughter fay re. 
 The faireft Un^ his onely Daughter deare. 
 His onely Daughter and his onely hayre ; 
 AVho forth proceeding with fad fober cheare, 
 
 XXI. 4. proceeding] So all the editions. I 
 
 would read proceeded, and place a full point after cheare. 
 
 Church. 
 
 1 prefer Spenfer's own pointing, as it conneds proceeding 
 with the morning in the next line. Compare Sol. Songy \i. 10. ^ 
 *' Who is Ihe that looketh forth as the morning 9 Quae eft quae 
 
 o 4
 
 200 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK X. 
 
 As bright as doth the morning ftarre appeare 
 Out of the eaft, with flaming lockes bedight, 
 To tell that dawning day is drawing neare, 
 And to the world doesbrino- lono;-wi{hedhpht : 
 So faire and freih that Lady ilievvd herfelfe in 
 fight : 
 
 XXII. 
 So faire and frefh, as freiheft flowre in May ; 
 For Ibe hi^d layd her mournefull ftole aiide, 
 
 progreditur &c." as the old Latin tranflation reads ; " quas 
 xidetur, qujE xidendmn fe prabet," as R. Stephens amends and 
 explaais it. Compare alfo Theocritus, Idi/il. xviii, 26. 
 
 fiAE Kcii a, ^fvcex E^tv* ^n^xUir k. t. A. ToDD. 
 
 Ibid. xcith fad fober cheare,] With 
 
 grave and modefi countenance. See the notes on fad and chere, 
 F. Q. i. i. 2. Sober was a term defcriptive of female grace. 
 "J'hus, in the Cbron. Hijl. ofK. LHr, l605, Cordelia is defcribed: 
 
 " She is lb nice, and fo demure, 
 
 " So foher, courteous, modeft, 6cc." 
 And thus iMilton, following his mafter Spenfer: 
 " Come, penfive Nun, devout and pure, 
 " Sober, Itedfaft, and demure." Todd. 
 
 XXI. 5. As bright 6ic.] This comparifon is frequent in 
 romance. See the note on didjliine as the morning Jlarre, F. Q. 
 i. ii. 36". It feeiTis to have been borrowed from the poets of 
 antiquity. $ee the preceding note. The Jlar that tells that 
 dauning dap is near, appears to have been adopted, as Mr. 
 Upton has remarked, from Hom. Odpf. '. 93. 
 
 Eur arJJf tTrfpscrp^i ^atavraTo;, irs fJiM>^r* 
 BfyjTen ay^tA^in ^awf HS? x. t. X. ToDD. 
 
 XXII. 2. her tnournefull ftole] Fr. Stoky 
 
 a long robe or garment, reaching to the ancles or heels, ac- 
 cording to Cotgrave. Milton's Melancholy is painted, how- 
 ever, with 
 
 " a fable ^o/e of Cyprus lawn, 
 
 " Oxer her decent Jliouldcrs draxon :" 
 /\ud Spenfer thus defcribes Una's black ftole, F. Q. i. i. 4. 
 
 ' ToDD.
 
 CANTO XII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 201 
 
 And wido\y-like fad wimple throwne away. 
 Wherewith her heavenly beautie (he did hide, 
 Whiles on her wearie iourney (he did ride ; 
 And on her now a garment llie did weare 
 All lilly white, withoutten fpot or pride, 
 That I'eemd like filke and filver woven neare ; 
 
 But neither filke nor lilver therein did appeare, 
 
 XXIII. 
 The blazing brightnefle of her beauties beame, 
 
 XXII. 3. wimple] Fr. Guimple. See the 
 
 note on wimpled, F. Q. i. i. 4. It is generally ul'ed to denote 
 the linen plaited cloth, which nuns wear about their necks. 
 See Blount. In old French it is ufed for a hood. See the note 
 on Hijl. de Gerard Comte de Nevers, Paris edit, P, 2d. p. 40. 
 " Giiinipie, bandeau ou cornette de femme. Borel pretend 
 que le mot de guimple vient du Latin vinculum, parce qu'on en 
 lie la tefte." Todd. 
 
 XX I I. 7. -^11 lilly tchite, withoutten fpot or pride,] See 
 RcT. xix. 7- " The marriage of the Lamb is come, and his wife 
 hath made herfelf ready : and to her was granted, that fhe 
 lliould be arrayed in fine linen, clean and white ; for the fine 
 linen is the righteoufnefs of Saints." This paflage plainly 
 alludes to the myftical union of Chrift and his Church; and 
 this too is the allegorical allufion of our poet. White without 
 
 fpot; fo the Church is to be arrayed ; and without pride; not 
 lijke the fcarlet whore Dueffa. See Sol. Song, iv. 7. " Thou i^ 
 art all fair, there is no fpot in thee." Upton. 
 
 XXIII. 1. The blazing brightnefe of her beauties beame, 8ic.] 
 Truth now appears in all her brightnefs and beauty. But 
 tliere is a particular reaibn when he mentions her beauteous 
 beame, and light of her funjhiny face ; for fo flie is defcribed 
 
 in Ktv.^-^ifi. 1. " A woman clothed with the fun, &c." i/' 
 
 XuU fi<;>^>" f i 1 ' Upton. 
 
 Compare the defcription of Fidelia, F. Q. i. x. 12. Petrarch, 
 I fhould obferve, has clothed the Virgin Mary with the fun, in 
 his Canzone addrefl'ed to her ; as Milton has alfo clad the 
 facred Power of Chartity in Comus. Petrarch has likewife 
 finely exprcfTed the brightmfs of beauty s beam in a fingle ex- 
 prellion. He is defcribmg Laura. The whole paflage is inimi- 
 tably elegant. See Son. 69. Parte prima : 
 
 v^
 
 202" THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 And glorious light of her fiinfhyny face, 
 To tell, were as to ftrive againft the ftreame : 
 jVIy ragged rimes are all too rude and bace 
 Her heavenly lineaments for to enchace. 
 Ne wonder ; for her own deare loved Knight, 
 All were fhe daily with himfelfe in place, 
 Did wonder much at her celeftial fight : 
 Oft had he feene her faire, but never fo faire 
 dight. 
 
 XXIV. 
 So fairely dight when (lie in prefence came. 
 She to her Syre made humble reverence, 
 And bowed low, that her right well became. 
 And added grace unto her excellence : 
 Who with great wifedome and grave eloquence 
 
 " Non era 1' andar fuo cofa mortale, 
 " Ma d' angelica forma; e le parole 
 " Sonavan' altro die piir voce umaiia. 
 " Uno fpirto celefte, vn vivofole 
 " Fu quel ch' io vidi " Todd. 
 XXIII. 4. My ragged rimes] I certainlywould read rugged, 
 that is, hard, rough ; for no authors fa}', in this fenfe, " verfus 
 laccrati, ragged verfes ;" but " verfus fcabri, duri," that is, 
 rugged, rough, rhymes. " Nemo ex hoc viles putet veteres 
 poetas, quod verfus eorum fcabri nobis videntur," Macrob. 
 L. vi. C. 3. " Verfus duros," Horat. Art Poet. v. 446\ This 
 correction is confirmed from F. Q. iii. ii. 3. " My rhimes too 
 rude and rugged arre." Upton. 
 
 In tlie poet's Shep. Cal. alfo for November, we have " rimes 
 rugged and unkempt." Yet ftill we are not too haftily to dif- 
 card ragged. For thus Skelton, Spenfer's predeceffor, in his 
 Boke of Colin Clout, Poems edit. 1736, p. J 80. 
 " For though my rime be ragged, 
 *' Tattered and lagged, &c." Todd. 
 XXIII. 7. -All icerejlie] Although flie were. Church.
 
 CANTO XII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 20S 
 
 Tims gan to fay -But, eare he thus had fayd, 
 With flying fpeede, and feeming great pre- 
 tence, 
 Came running in, much hke a man difmayd, 
 A Melfenger with letters, which his melFage 
 fayd. 
 
 XXV. 
 All in the open hall amazed ftood 
 
 At furddeinnefie of that unwary fight, 
 
 XXV. I. All in the open hall amazed flood 
 
 At J'uddeinncjj'e ikc.'\ Me leems to have copied 
 this furprife, occafioned in the hall by the fudden and unex- 
 pefled entrance of a meffenger, together with fome of the con- 
 comitant circumftances, from a (imilar but more alarming fur- 
 prife in Chaucer, which happened at Cambufcan's annual birth- 
 day feftival, Sqii. Tale, v. 96'. 
 
 " And fo befell, that, after the third courfe, 
 
 " While that the king fat thus in his noblay, 
 
 *' Herk'ning his minftrelis their thingis play, 
 
 " Beforn hun at his bord delicioufly; 
 
 " In at the hall dore full fodeinly 
 
 " There came a knight upon a ftede of brafs ; 
 
 " And in his bond &c. 
 
 " And up he rideth to the hie bord ; 
 *' In all the hall ne was there fpoke a word, 
 " For marveile of this knight, him to behold 
 " Full befily they waiten yong and old. 
 
 " This ftraunge knight 
 
 " Salvid the king and quene, and lordis all, 
 
 " By ordir, as they fittin in the hall, &c. 
 
 " And after this, beforn the hie bord, 
 " He with a manly voice faide his mefiage." 
 Thefe fudden entrances of ftrange and unexpe<!ted perfonages, 
 when feafts were magnificently celebrated in great halls, in the 
 ages of chivalry, feem to have been no uncommon incident; 
 either for diverfion of the guefis, or exhibiting complaints, or 
 encreafe of the folemnity. Stow has recorded an inftance of 
 this fort, in his Survey of London, p. 387- ed. 1599- The 
 ceremony of our champion at the coronation, the only genuine
 
 204- THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK f. 
 
 And wondred at his breathleffe haftv mood : 
 But he for nought would ftaj his paffage 
 
 right. 
 Till faft before the King he did alight; 
 Where falling flat great humblelTe he did 
 
 make, 
 And kift the ground whereon his foot was 
 
 pight ; 
 Then to his handes that writt he did betake. 
 Which he difclofing, read thus, as the paper 
 
 fpake ; 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 ' To thee, moll mighty King of Eden fay re, 
 ' Her greeting fends in thefe fad lines addreft 
 ' The wofull Daughter and forfaken Heyre 
 ' Of that great Emperour of all the Weft; 
 ' And bids thee be advized for the beft, 
 ' Ere thou thy Daughter linck, in holy band 
 ' Of wedlocke, to that new unknowen Gueft : 
 ' For he already plighted his right hand 
 
 ^ Unto another love, and to another land. 
 
 remainder of chivalry fubfifting in modern times, is much in 
 the fpirit of this cuftom. T. Wartox. 
 
 XXV'. 2. unwary] Unexpe&ed, of 
 
 which they were not aware. Church. 
 
 XXV. 8. he did betake,] Commit. 
 
 This appears to have been a common acceptation of betake. 
 See Barret's Did. 1580. " To betake, or committe. Trado. 
 I betake, committe, or bequeath, the matter to thee. Iftuc tibi 
 dedo negotii. Ter." Spenfer often ufes the word in this feni'e. 
 
 Todd.
 
 CANTO XII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 205 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 ' To me fad Mayd, or rather AVidow fad, 
 ' Pie was afFyaunced long time before, 
 ' And facred pledges he both gave, and had, 
 ' Falfe erraiuit Knight, infamous, and for- 
 
 fvvore ! 
 ' Witnellfe the burning altars, which he fwore, 
 
 * And guilty heavens of his bold periury; 
 
 * Which though he hath polluted oft of yore, 
 ' Yet I to them for iudgement iuft doe fly, 
 
 * And them coniure t' avenge this Ihamefull 
 
 iniury ! 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 * Therefore fince mine he is, or free or bond, 
 
 ' Or falfe or trew, or living or elfe dead, 
 
 ' Withhold, O foverayne Prince, your hafty 
 
 bond 
 ' From knitting league with him, I you aread; 
 
 XXVII. 4. infamous, ajid for/wore /] The ac- 
 cent falls on the fecond fyllable of infamous. This was ufuaJ 
 in elder days. Thus Drummond, in his Urania : 
 
 " On this infamous ftage of woe to die." 
 And Sylvefter, Du Bart. l621, p. 241. 
 
 " By thine infdmous life's accurfed ftate." 
 See more inftances in the note on Milton's Ode Nativ. v. 12. 
 " Infdmous blot." Todd. 
 
 XXVTI. 5. WitneJJ'e the burning altars, "which ke^/hore,] That 
 is, by which he fwore. Spenfer often omits the prepofition. 
 Virg. jEn. xii. 201. 
 
 " Tango aras, mediofque ignes, et numina teftor." Upton. 
 
 XXVIII. 4. I j/ou aread;] I advife you. 
 
 So. in Sir Bevis of Hampton : 
 
 " The Lady anfwered him tho, 
 
 " From my gate / read thee goe." Todd.
 
 206 THE FAERIE QUE*f. BOOK I. 
 
 * Ne weene my right with ftrength adowne 
 
 to tread, 
 
 * Through weaknefTe of my widowhed or woe : 
 ' * For Truth is ftrong her rightful! caufe to 
 
 plead, 
 ' And ihall fmde friends, if need requireth foe. 
 ' So bids thee well to fare, thy neither friend 
 nor foe, Fidejfa.' 
 
 '^^i-^^-'S XXIX. 
 
 When he thefe bitter byting wordes had red. 
 The tydings ftraunge did him abaihed make, 
 That ftill he fate long time aftoniihed, 
 As in great mufe, ne word to creature fpake. 
 At laft his folemn filence thus he brake. 
 With doubtfull eyes faft fixed on his Gueft; 
 " Redoubted Knight, that for myne only fake 
 Thy life and honor late adventured ; 
 
 Let nought be hid from me, that ought to be 
 
 expreft. 
 
 XXX. 
 " What meane thefe bloody vowes and idle 
 
 threats, 
 Throwneout from womanilh impatient mynd ? 
 What hevens ? what altars ? what enraged 
 
 heates, 
 Here heaped up with termes of love unkynd, 
 My confcience cleare with guilty bands would 
 
 bynd ? 
 High God be witnefTe, that I guitleffe ame !
 
 CANTO XII. THE FAERIE QUEEXE. 207 
 
 But if yourfelfe, Sir Knight, ye faulty fynd, 
 
 Or wrapped be in loves of former Dame, 
 
 With cryme doe not it cover, but difclofe the 
 
 fame/' 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 To whom the Redcroffe Knight thisanfwere fent ; 
 " My Lord, my King ; be nought hereat 
 
 difmayd. 
 Till well ye wote by grave intendiment. 
 What Woman, and wherefore, doth me up- 
 
 brayd 
 With breach of love and loialty betrayd. 
 It was in my mifbaps, as hitherward 
 I lately traveild, that unwares I ilrayd 
 Out of my way, through perils ftraunge and 
 
 hard ; 
 That day Ihould faile me ere I had them all 
 
 declard. 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 " There did I find, or rather I was fownd 
 Qf this falfe AVoman that Ftdeffii hight, 
 Fideffa hight the falfeit Dame on grownd, 
 
 XXXI. 9- That day (hould &c.] Should is frequently ufed 
 for would by our poet and other writers of his time, or before 
 him. See Hebr. ii. 32, and Cicer. Nat. Dear. iii. 32. " Dies 
 deficiat, fi velim numerare." Upton. 
 
 XXXII. 3. Fideja hight thefa/fejl Dajne] I think that the* 
 pointing (hould be altered, and that the words would have a 
 greater fpirit and energy if we thus read : 
 
 " Fidefa hight ! thefalfejl dame " 
 What, fhe called Fideja, the faithful ! the falfeft of woman- 
 kind ^The repetition, Fideffa hight, carries with it a pathos 
 and indignation. Upton.
 
 208 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK li 
 
 Moll falfe Dueflfa, royall richly dight, _.;^ 
 That eafy was t' inveigle weaker fight: f) 
 Who by her wicked arts and wiely fkilt. 
 Too falfe and ftrong for earthly (kill or might, 
 Unwares me wrought unto her wicked will, 
 And to my foe betrayd, when leaft I feared ill." 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 Then ftepped forth the goodly royall Mayd, 
 And, on the ground herfelfe proflrating low, 
 
 ~x With fober countenance thus to him fayd ; 
 " O pardon me, my foveraine Lord, to lliow 
 The fecret ti'eafonSj which of late I know- 
 To have bene wrought by that falfe Sorce- 
 
 reffe : 
 Shee, onely fhe, it is, that earft did throw 
 This gentle Knight into fo great diitreffe, 
 
 That death him did awaite in daily wretched- 
 
 nelTe. 
 
 xxxiv. 
 " And now it feemes, that flie fuborned hath 
 This crafty Meflenger with letters vaine, 
 
 XXXII. 4. royall richjy dight,] Richlif dight is 
 
 a frequent phrafe in our elder poetry, as I have fliown in a note 
 on Milton's " windows 7-ichlj/ dight," II. Penf. 159. Dight is 
 adorned, as in ft. 3, where* Una is " fair dight." Todd. 
 
 j XXXIV. 2. "with letters vaine,] Vaine, that 
 
 is, idle letters. So correded from the Errata of the firft edi- 
 tion, which reads faine, and which is, I ftiould think, what 
 Spenfer gave, as he uies faine ior feign, in ft. 38, and in F. Q. 
 ii. i. 20 and 21. And perhaps he might here ufe it ior fained, 
 (dropping the laft letter for the fake of the rhyme,) that is, 
 
 J'alfed letters, as in F. Q. ii. i. 1. Church.
 
 CANTO Xtl. THE FAERIE QUEEKE. 20p 
 
 To worke new woe and unpfovkled fcath, 
 By breaking of the band betwixt us twaine ; 
 AV herein Ihe ufed liath the pra6ticke puine 
 Of this falfe Foolnian, clokt with fimplenefle, 
 Whome if ye pleafe for to difcover plaine, 
 Ye iliall him Archimago find, I ghefle, 
 The falfeft man aUve ; who tfies, fliall find no 
 lefle/' 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 The King was greatly moved at her fpeach ; 
 And, all with fuddein indignation fraight, 
 Bad on that MelTenger rude hands to reach. 
 Eftfoonesthe gard, which on his ftate did wait, 
 Attacht that Fay tor falfe, and bound him (Irait: 
 Who feeming forely chauffed at his band. 
 As chained beare whom cruell dogs doe bait, 
 
 The poet would hardly have direfted the alteration o{ faine 
 to vaitie, if he had intended the former word to exprels his 
 meaning here. I fubfcribe to the following remark of Mr, 
 Upton : *' Spenfer, among the errours of the prefs, corrected 
 it vainc, that is,, falfe ; as ufed in Scripture." Todp. 
 
 XXXIV. 3. unprovided fcath,] U/forefeeu 
 
 mifchief as Mr. Church has obfervcd. Scath is hurt, or damage. 
 Thus G. Douglas, p. 72, v. 23. foL edit. 
 
 '* How grete harme Q.\\dfiaith, for evermair, 
 
 " That child has caught." 
 See alfo GloflT. Urry's Chaucer, V, Scathe. Todd. 
 
 XXXIV. 4. By breaking oi the band] Some editions, fince 
 Spenfer's, read " By breaking of the band." But, as Mr. 
 Upton has obferved, there is rarely any diftindtion, in old 
 Englilh books, between of and of. Todd. 
 
 XXXIV. 5. the pradicke paine] The prac- 
 tice and endeavour. Upton. 
 
 XXXV. 5. Faytor] Faytor is a law-term : A va- 
 gabond, idle fellow. Fr. JaeVarrf, Skinner. Church. 
 
 VOL. III. P
 
 210 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK t. 
 
 With ydle force did faine them to withftand ; 
 And often femblaunce made to fcape out of 
 their hand. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 But they him lajd full low in dungeon deepe, 
 And bound him hand and foote with yron 
 
 chains ; . 
 And with continual watch did warely keepe. 
 Who then would thinke, that by his fubtile 
 
 trains 
 He could efcape fowle death or deadly pains ? 
 Thus, when that Princes wrath was pacifide, 
 He gan renew the late forbidden bains, 
 And to the Knight his Daughter dear he 
 
 tyde 
 
 With facred rites and vowes for ever to abyde. 
 xxxvii. 
 
 His owne two hands the holy knotts did knitt, 
 That none but death for ever can divide ; 
 His owne two hands, for fuch a turne moft fitt, 
 The houfling fire did kindle and provide, 
 
 XXXVI. 1. But thaj him lay d full low in dungeon deepe, &c.] 
 / Compare Rev. xx. 2 7, and F. Q- ii. i 1. And you will fee 
 
 '''^ how neceflary 'tis to preierve the allegory, that Archimago 
 Ihould be loofed out of his prifon : you will likewii'e fee, that 
 this poem is not unconnct'ted; no cyclick or rhapfodical poenri, 
 but that 'tis otie and many ; one poem of many parts ; and that 
 the ftory cannot end, till the Knights all return back to the 
 Fairy court, to give an account of themfelves to their Fairy 
 Queen. Upton. 
 
 XXXVII. 4. The houfling fire did kindle andprovide, 
 
 And holy water thereon fprincklcd wide ;] He 
 alludes to the marriages of antiquity, which were folemnized,
 
 CANTO Xir. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 2ll 
 
 And holy water thereon fprinckled wide ; 
 At which the bufliy teade a groome did hght, 
 And I'acred lamp in fecret chamber hide^ 
 Where it (hould not be quenched day nor night, 
 Por feare of evil fates, but burnen ever bright. 
 
 facramento ignis ct aquce : The hovfling fire, i. e. facramental 
 fire, or fire ufed in that lucrainent of marriage. Anglo-S. 
 liuj'el, the Sacrament ; huj'l-bij'cc, the Communion Cup. Goth, 
 huufl, viciima, facrificiu7n. Cliaucer ufes the word frequent, as 
 to ben houjled, to receive the Sacrament. Shakfpeare, in 
 Hamlet, has vnhoiifel'd, i. e. not having received the Sacra- 
 ment. Thefe two elements, fire and water, were ufed in mar- 
 riages ; but the confecrated or holy water was not fprinckled 
 on the fire, as Spenfer feems to fay ; but the water was fprinkled 
 on the bride : I wonder therefore Spenfer did not rather write, 
 " And holy water fprinckled on the bride/' See Alex, ab 
 Alexand. L. ii. C. 5. " Stipulatione ergo fada et fponfione fe- 
 cuta, ignem et aquam in limine appofitam uterque tangerejube- 
 batur, qu4 etiam nova mipta afpergitur : quafi eo foedere inex- 
 plicabili vinculo et mutuo nexu forent copulati. Hasc enim 
 elementa funt primae naturae, quibus vita vidufque communis 
 confl;at, et quibus, qui extorres ab hominum coetu futufr fut, 
 interdici legibus folet." Compare Servius on Virg. ^2J. iv. l6"7, 
 and on ^n. xii. II9, AUufions are frequent to this ceremony. 
 See Ov. Art. Am. L. ii. 5^8, and Valer. Fl. L. viii. 245. 
 
 Uptok, 
 XXXVII. 6. At "which the bufhy teade a groome did light, 
 Afid facred lamp in fecret chamber hide, &c.] 
 Spen-fer ufes here the Italian or Latin word, titda: he fays 
 Mijhy, becaufe made of a bundle of thorns : Alex, ab Alexand. 
 L. ii. C. V. " Tertius vero anteit qui facem accenfam prsefert, 
 ex fpina albd, qui prjelucente ad virum nupta deducitur.'' 
 CatuU. in Nupt. Jul. et Manl. "' Spineam quate tedam." Ovid, 
 Fajt. ii. 558. " Expedet puros fpinea teda dies." There is 
 another reading, pineu teda : the bujliy teade, becaufe made of 
 fplitted pine, bundled together. Spenfer adds, And facred lampe 
 in fecret chamber hide; here I believe he has a myftical meaning 
 of his own, for 'tis neither a Roman, Grecian, nor Jewilh cuf- 
 tom, as far as I can find. But he feems to allude to the myf- 
 tical meaning of the Wife Virgins' lamps in the parable, which, 
 like the typical fire in Levif. vi. 13, " fhall ever be burning 
 upon the altar o/7oi;e; ftiall never go out." Upxojt. 
 
 p 2
 
 212 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 xxxviir. 
 
 Then gan they fprinckle all the pofts with wine. 
 And made great feaft to folemnize that day : 
 They all perfumde with frankincenfe divine, 
 -And precious odours fetcht from far away, 
 That all* the houfe did fweat with great aray : 
 And all the while fweete muficke did apply 
 Her curious {kill the warbling notes to play, 
 To drive away the dull melancholy ; 
 
 The whiles one fung a fong of love and ioUity. 
 
 XXXIX. 
 
 During the which there was an heavenly noife 
 
 XXXVIII, 1, Then gan they fprinckle all the pofts with wine,] 
 With -wine, fays Spenfer ; "with oil, lay others. " JNIos fuerat ut 
 nubentes puellae, fimul quum veniffent ad limen mariti, pojles, 
 anteqiiarn ingrederentur, ornarent laneis vittis et oleo ungerent ; 
 et inde uxores diclae fuiit, quafi unxores." Servius on Virg, 
 JEn. iv. 458. See Voflius, Etymol. vxor. Upton. 
 
 XXXVIII, 8. To drive away the dull meldvcholy ;"] The 
 fame verfe occurs, and upon the fame occafion, F. Q. i. v, 3. 
 
 T. Warton. 
 
 XXXVIII. 9. afongoflove&ic.] The epi- 
 
 thalamium, or bridal fong ; of which fee an account in the 
 note on Spenfer's beautiful poem, entitled E/JzMu/om/ow. Todd. 
 
 XXXIX. 1. During the which there was a heavenly noife 
 
 Heard foicnd Ike] Alluding, as Mr. Upton 
 obferves, to the fong fung at the marriage of the Lamb, Rev. 
 ^ xix. 6', 7- iV^o(/e is here ufed in the fame fenfe, as in Vfal. 
 
 xlvii. 5. " God is gone up with a merry noife." See Mr. War- 
 ton's note on " melodious noife," in Milton's Ode at a Solemn 
 Mufick. In old French, it may be added, the word noife is to 
 be found in a good fenfe. Thus in the Bible Hijloriaux : 
 
 " Et jonglor y font grant noife." 
 See the note on Hijl. de Gerard Comte de Nej^ers, Paris edit. 
 12mo. P. '2d. p. 101, where we are told that noife is often thus 
 ufed in the ancient romances. Todd.
 
 CANTO XII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 213 
 
 Heard fownd through all the pallace plea- 
 
 fantlj, 
 Like as it had bene many an angels voice 
 Singing before th' Eternall Maiefty, 
 In their trinall triplicities on hye : 
 Yett wift no creature whence that hevenly 
 
 fweet 
 Proceeded, yet each one felt fecretly 
 Himfelfe thereby refte of his fences meet. 
 And ravifhed with rare impreffion in his fprite. 
 
 XL. 
 Great ioy was made that day of young and old, 
 And folemne feaft proclaymd throughout the 
 
 land, 
 That their exceeding merth may not be told : 
 Suffice it heare by fignes to underftand 
 The ufuall ioyes at knitting of loves band. 
 Thrife happy man the Knight himfelfe did 
 
 hold, 
 PoifelTed of his Ladies hart and hand ; 
 And ever, when his eie did her behold. 
 His heart did feeme to melt in pleafures mani- 
 fold. 
 
 XXXIX. 5. In their trinall triplicities] See the note on 
 the poet's Hymne of Heav. Love, ver. 64. Todd. 
 
 XXXIX. 9. fprite.] So the firft and 
 
 fecond editions ; ^vhich Upton, Church, and Tonfon's edit, of 
 1758, follow. Some editions read fpreeie or fpreet. Todd. 
 
 XL. 3. may] Can. See the note on 
 
 F. Q. i. vi. 3.9. Church, 
 
 XL. (). nhhart&cc] So the firft edition, and the edit. 
 1751. The fecond edition, the folios, and Hughes, read " Hcif 
 
 p 3
 
 214 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 XLI. 
 
 Her ioyous prefence, and fweet company. 
 In full content he there did long enioy ; 
 Ne wicked envy, ne vile gealofy, 
 His deare delights were hable to annoy : 
 Yet, fwimming in that fea of blisfull ioy, 
 He nou<iht forj^ott how he whilome had 
 
 fworne. 
 In cafe he could that monftrous Bead deftroy, 
 Unto his Faery Queene backe to retourne; 
 
 Ther which he fhortly did; and Una left to 
 mourne. 
 
 XLII, 
 
 Now, ftrike your failes, yee iolly mariners, 
 For we be come unto a quiet rode, 
 \\ here we mult land fome of our palTengers, 
 And light this weary veffell of her lode. 
 
 . Here ibe a while may make her fafe abode. 
 Till fhe repaired have her tackles fpent, 
 
 heart," How material an alteration for the worfe this is, I 
 need not fay. The genuine reading reminds me of that tender 
 paflkge in Milton, Par. L, B. v, 11, 
 
 " he, on his fide 
 
 '* Leaning half rais'd, uifk looks of cordial lore 
 *' Hung over lier enamour' d." CiiuRcn. 
 Mr. Upton, and Tonfon's edition of 1758, have alfo re- 
 admitted the genuine reading. Todd. 
 
 XLII, 1. Kow, Jirike your failes, &c.] See alfo the firft 
 ftanza of this canto ; and Statius, Theb. xii, 809, Silt. IV, iv, 
 89; Virg. Georg. iv, 116"; Juv. Sat. i. 149; Sidonius, Carm. 
 3txi^. ^g, Epifi. xvi, Carm. ii. 537 ; Ovid. Jirt. Am. i. 179, 
 iii. 784, Revied. 811; Nemefian, Cyneget. 58. Profe-wr'iters 
 Ufa the fame metaphor. Jortin.
 
 CANTO XII. THE FAERIE QUEEPTE. 215 
 
 And wants fupplide ; and then againe abroad 
 On the long voiage whereto {lie is bent : 
 Well may flie fpeede, and fairely finiih her 
 intent ! * 
 
 * Our poet having brought his veflel into harbour, to refit 
 and repair ; let us, like travellers, talk over the wonders we 
 have fcen, and the regions we have pafled over of fable, myf- 
 tery, and allegory. 
 
 However the wife, and the grave, may affedl to defpife won- 
 derful tales ; yet well related, with novelty and variety, they 
 work upon the heart by fecret charms and philters, and never 
 fail both to furprife and to delight. But delight and entertain- 
 ment are not all ; for a good poet fliould iuftrud ; not in the 
 narration of particular facts, \'\ke an hiltorian; but in exhibiting 
 univerfal truths, as a philofopher : by fhowing the motives, 
 caufes, and fprings of adlion ; by bringing before your eyes 
 TUUTH in her lovely form, and errouk in her loathibme and 
 filthy fliape ; deceit fhould be ftripped, and hypocrisy 
 laid open : and, while wonderful ftories and reprefentations of 
 vifionary images engage the fancy, the poet fliould all along 
 intend thefe only as initiations into the more facred myfteries 
 of morals and religion. 
 
 Left you Ihould objeA to the probability of his ftories, the 
 poet names the time, when thefe wonders were performed, viz. 
 during the minority of Prince Arthur; and mentions the very 
 perfons who performed them ; Prince Arthur, St. George, Sir 
 Satyrane, Archimago, &c. nay, he points out the very places, 
 wherein the adventures were achieved. If after fo circumftan- 
 tial a recital of time, place, and perfons, you will ftill not be- 
 lieve him, you muft be enrolled, I think, among the very mif- 
 creants; for as to his wonderful tales of enchantments, witches, 
 apparitions, &c. all this is eafily accounted for by fupernatural 
 afliftance. 
 
 This firft book bears a great refemblance to a tragedy, with 
 a cataftrophe not unfortunate. The Redcrofle Knight and 
 Una appear together on the ftage ; nothing feeming to thwart 
 their happinefs ; but, by the plots and pains of Archimago, 
 they are feparated ; hence fufpicions and diftreffes : She with 
 difficulty efcapes from a lawlefs Sarazin and Satyrs, and he is 
 aftually made a prifoner by a mercilefs Giant : When unex- 
 peftedly Prince Arthur, like fome god in a machine, appears, 
 and releafes the Knight ; who becomes a new man, and with 
 new joy is contrafted to his ever-faithful Una. 
 
 p 4
 
 2l6 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I. 
 
 If we confider the perfons or charafters in the drama, we 
 fliall find them all confiltent with themfelves, yet malterly op- 
 pofed and contrafted : The fimplicity and innocence of Una 
 may be fet in oppoiition to the flaunting falfliood of the Scarlet 
 Whore : The pious Knight is diametrically oppofite to the im- 
 pious Sarazin : the fly hypocrite Archimago differs from the 
 fophifl Defpair. And even in laudable characters, if there is a 
 famencfs, yet too there is a diff"erence ; as in the magnificence 
 of Prince Arthur, in the plainnefs of the Chrift;ian Knight, and 
 in the honeft behaviour of Sir Satyranc. 
 
 How well adapted to their places are the paintings of the 
 various fcenes and decorations : Some appear horrible, as the 
 den of Error; Hell; the Giant; the cave of Defpair; the 
 Dragon, &c : others terrible aud wonderful, as the magical cot- 
 tage of Archimago ; the plucking of the bloody bough ; the 
 Sarazin's fupernatural refcue and cure, &c: others are of the 
 pafl;oral kind, as the pleafing profpeds of the woods, and diver- 
 fions of the wood-born people, with old Sylvanus ; or magni- 
 ficent, as the defcription of Prince Arthur, and the folemnizing 
 of the contract of marriage between the Knight and Una. 
 
 The fcene lies chiefly in Fairy land, (though we have a view 
 of the houfe of Morpheus, in the firfl canto, and of hell in the 
 fifth,) and changes to the land of Eden, in the eleventh and 
 twelfth cantos. 
 
 Should we prefume to lift up the myfterious veil, wrought 
 with fuch fubtle art and ornament, as fometimes to feem utterly 
 to hide, fometimes lying fo tranfparent, as to be feen through ; 
 fhould we take off, I fay, this fabulous covering; under it we 
 might difcpver a moft ufeful moral : The beauty of truth ; the 
 foidnefs of errotir ; Jly hypocrify ; the pride and cruelty of falfe 
 religion ; holinefs completed in virtues ; and the church, if not in 
 its triumphant, yet in its triumphing, jlate. Spenfer, in his letter 
 to Sir W. R., tells us his poem is a continued allegory: Where 
 therefore the moral allufion cannot be made apparent, wemufl 
 feek (as I imagine) for an hif^orical allufion ; and always we 
 mud look for more than meets the eye or ear ; the words car- 
 rying one meaning with them, and the fecret fenfe another. 
 
 Upton,
 
 THE SECOND BOOK OF 
 
 THE FAERIE QUEENE 
 
 CONTAYNINC 
 
 THE LEGEND OF SIR GUYON, OR OF TEMPERAUNCE. 
 
 I. 
 
 ivIGHT well I wote, mod mighty Soveraine, 
 That all this famous antique hiftory 
 Of fome th' aboundance of an ydle braine 
 AVill iudged be, and painted forgery, 
 Rather then matter of iull memory ; 
 Sith none that breatheth living aire doth know 
 Where is that happy land of Faery, 
 Which I fo much doe vaunt, yet no where 
 fliow ; 
 
 But vouch antiquities, which no body can know. 
 
 ir. 
 
 But let that man with better fence advize, 
 That of the world leaft part to us is red ; 
 And daily how through hardy enterprize 
 Many great regions are difcovered, 
 W hich to late age were never mentioned. 
 Who ever heard of th' Indian Peru ? 
 
 II. 6. Who ever heard &c.] In the Gothick ages, the ftories 
 of nionlters, dragons, and lerpents, were received for feveral 
 reafons : 1. From the vulgar behef of enchantments : '2. From 
 their being reported on the faith of Eafteru tradition, by the
 
 218 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Or who in venturous veflell meafured 
 The Amazon huge river, now found trew ? 
 
 Or fruitfulleft Virginia who did ever vew ? 
 
 III. 
 Yet all thefe were, when no man did them know, 
 Yet have from wifeft ages hidden beene ; 
 And later times thinges more unknowne {hall 
 
 fhow. 
 Why then (hould witleiTe man fo much mif- 
 
 weene, 
 That nothing is, but that which he hath feene ? 
 What, if within the moones fay re Ihining 
 
 fpheare, 
 What, if in every other ftarre unfeene 
 Of other worldes he happily Ihould heare ? 
 He wonder would much more ; yet fuch to fome 
 appeare. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Of Faery lond yet if he more inquyre, 
 
 By certein fignes, here fett in fondrie place, 
 He may it fynd ; ne let him then admyre, 
 
 adventurers into the' Holy Land: 3. In ftill later times, from 
 thejtraiige things told and believed, on the difcoxery of the new 
 world. This lall confideration we find here employed by 
 Spenfer, to give an air of probability to his Faery tales. 
 
 HURD. 
 
 III. 1. "when no man did them know^ Either he 
 
 means, that fuch countries exifted, though they were for a 
 time not inhabited ; or, that they were inhabited, though the 
 Europeans for many ages knew it not. Church. 
 
 IV. 1. more] Greatly. The fenfe is. 
 
 If he is greatly defirous to know what place is meant by Fairy 
 land. Church.
 
 BOOK II. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 219 
 
 But yield his fence to bee too blunt and bace, 
 'J'hat no'te without an hound fine footing trace. 
 And thou, O fay reft PrinceiTe under (ky, 
 In this fay re mirrhour maift behold thy face. 
 And thine ovvne realmes in lond of Faery, 
 
 And in this dntique ymage thy great aunceftry. 
 
 V- 
 
 The which O ! pardon me thus to enfold 
 In covert vele, and wrapt in (hadowes light, 
 That feeble eyes your glory may behold. 
 Which ells could not endure thofe beames 
 
 bright, 
 But would bee dazled with exceeding light. 
 O ! pardon, and vouchfafe with patient eare 
 The brave adventures of this Faery Knight, 
 The good Sir Guyon, gratioufly to heare ; 
 
 In whom great rule of Temp'raunce goodly doth 
 appeare. 
 
 IV. 6. And thou, fayrejl Princejfe Sec] The reafon of 
 Spenler's prefenting his Queen with this fair mirrour, is ex- 
 plained in the Prelim. Eiiay on the Allegorical Charader of 
 the poem. Todd.
 
 220 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 CANTO I. 
 
 Guyon, by Archimage abusd, 
 The RcdcroJJe Knight awaytes ; 
 
 Fyndes Mordant and Ama'viajlaine 
 IVith Pkafures poifoned baytes. 
 
 I. 
 THAT conning ArGhite6l of cancred guyle. 
 Whom Princes late difpleafure left in bands, 
 
 I. 1, That conning ArchiteH of cancred gvyle, SiC-l Let any 
 reader coniider this ftanza with which our poet opens his fecond 
 book ; and particularly let him remember the hint given iu 
 the firft book, " How he, <S^. George, the Redcrojf'e Knight, had 
 fworn unto his Faery Queene backe to retourne." He will 
 then perceive the connexion of thefe books ; and that this 
 poem cannot have an end, until all the Knights have finiflied 
 all their adventures ; and until all return to the court of the 
 Fairy Queen, together with Prince Arthur (the Briton Prince) 
 who is properly the hero of the poem ; and whofe chief ad- 
 venture, viz. of his feeking, and at length finding, the Fairy 
 Queen, is what connects the poem, and makes it a whole. 
 
 Confider likewife the common enemy is nowloofed from his 
 bands: Archimago, the adverfary, the accufer, the deceiver, 
 is now gone out again to deceive : He is looj'ed out of prifon. 
 This is not faid by chance, meerly to lengthen out, or after a 
 botching manner to tack, his poem together ; but 'tis fcriptural, 
 y and his allegory required it fo to be. See Rev. xx. 2, 3, &c. 
 
 Let me put the reader in mind of one thing more, which is, 
 that the Redcroffe Knight is now plain St. George ; and that 
 he muft not look any longer for that high character fhadowed 
 in him, which he bore in fome adventures : He is ftill a holy, 
 godly, and a chriftian Knight. Upton. 
 
 Gregory Nazianzen, it may be obferved, denominates, in 
 his Tragedy of Chrijlus Patiens, the old Dragon ay)fv^f;^.1T^i?, 
 Jraudis artijex ; whence perhaps Spenfer's architect of guyle, 
 applied to the fame deceiver, as Milton's artificer of Jraud alio 
 is, Var. L. B. iv. 121. Todd.
 
 CANTO I. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 221 
 
 For falfed letters, and fuborned wyle ; 
 
 Soone astheRedcroffe Knight he underftands 
 
 To beene departed out of Eden landes, 
 
 To ferve againe his foveraine Elfin Queene ; 
 
 His artes he moves, and out of caytives 
 
 handes 
 
 Himfelfe he frees by fecret meanes unfeene ; 
 
 His (hackles emptie lefte, himfelfe efcaped 
 
 cleene ; 
 
 II. 
 
 And forth he fares, full of malicious mynd. 
 To worken mifchiefe, and avenging woe, 
 Whereever he that godly Knight may fynd. 
 His onely hart-fore and his onely foe ; 
 Sith Una now he algates muft forgoe, 
 Whom his vi6lorious handes did earft reftore 
 To native crowne and kingdom late ygoe ; 
 Where (he enioyes fure peace for evermore. 
 
 As wetherbeaten (liip arryv'd on happie (hore. 
 
 I. 7. out of caytives handes] Out of the 
 
 hands of caytives. For caytives is the reading in Spenfer's own 
 editions. The folios, however, read cat/live, which I\Ir. Church 
 has adopted, and which Mr. Upton alio is inclined to prefer. 
 *' Cai/tive hands,'' i. e. bafe hands, as Mr. Church remarks. 
 Perhaps, however, the poet here intended caytives for perfons, 
 namely, " ThoJ'c who him (Archimago) laid full low in dungeon 
 deep," F. Q. i. xii. 3(5. Hughes's fecond edition, the edit, of 
 1751, and Tonfon's edit, of 1758, read caytives. Todd. 
 
 II. 4. His onely &c.] Greatejl. See the note on F. Q. 
 i. vii. .50. Church. 
 
 II. 5. algates] Wholly , altogether. See 
 
 the note on algates, F. Q. ii. v. 37. Todd. 
 
 II. 7. late ygoe;] Lately. Church.
 
 222 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 III. 
 
 Him therefore now the obie6l of his fpight 
 And deadly food he makes : him to oftend 
 By forged treafon, or by open fight, 
 He feekes, of all his drifte the aymed end ; 
 Thereto his fubtile engins he does bend. 
 His pra6tick witt and his fayre fyled tonge. 
 With thoufand other fleightes ; for well he 
 
 kend 
 His credit now in doubtfull ballaunce hong : 
 For hardly could bee hurt, who was already 
 ftong. 
 
 IV. 
 Still, as he went, he craftie flales did lay. 
 With cunning traynes him to entrap un- 
 
 wares. 
 And privy fpyals plaft in all his way. 
 To weete what courfe he takes, and how he 
 fares ; 
 
 III. 2. And deadly food] That is, feud. But food is 
 Spenfer's own reading. See the notes on F. Q. i. viii. 9. Mr. 
 Upton here reads fevde, following the example of the folios, 
 and other modern editions. Mr. Church rellores the original 
 fpelling. Todd. 
 
 III. 9. -For hardly could bee hurtj\ For hardly could he be 
 hurt, &(r. Todd. 
 
 IV. 1. flales] Devices, tricks. See 
 
 the note on Jlales, F. Q. vi. x. 3. Todd. 
 
 IV. 3. ^nfi pn'rj/ fpyals] Ffpials, or /pies. ?)0, in Pheander, 
 the Maiden Knight, 4-to. bl. 1. Ch. 20. " He had, by fuch 
 fecret efpials as he procured, learned the truth of this hoble 
 man." Again, Ch. 22. '* We come, as fpyals, to view thy 
 forces, and to difcouer them." Todd.
 
 CAXTO I. THE FAERIE QUEENE'. 223 
 
 To ketch him at a vauntage in his fnares. 
 But now fo wife and wary was the Knight 
 By tryall of his former harmes and cares, 
 That he defcryde, and ftionned ftill, his flight : 
 
 The fifti, that once was caught, new bayt wil 
 hardly byte. 
 
 V. 
 
 Nath'leflfe th' Enchaunter would not fpare his 
 payne, 
 In hope to win occaiion to his will ; 
 Which when he long awaited had in vayne, 
 He chaungd his mynd from one to other ill : 
 For to all good he enimy was ftill. 
 Upon the way him fortuned to meete, 
 Fayre marching underneath a fliady hill, 
 A goodly Knight, all armd in harnelie meete, 
 
 That from his head no place appeared to his 
 
 feete. 
 
 vr. 
 His carriage was full comely and upright ; 
 His countenance demure and temperate ; 
 
 IV. 5. at a vauntage in his fnares.] To have the 
 
 odds of him, to catch him completelij ia his Ihares. Fr. A 
 I'avantage. Todd. 
 
 IV, 6'. wife and u-arj/] In fome editions yaij/i^ 
 
 has been fubftituted for xuife ; and in the fecond quarto, and 
 firft foHo, this and the following line, as Mr. Church has re- 
 marked, have changed places. Ware, or wary and Viife, is 
 Chaucer's combination. See the note on "ware, F. Q. i. vii. 1. 
 
 Todd. 
 
 V. 8. ' ' all armd &c.] That is, armed 
 
 cap-a-pee. CiiURCii.
 
 224 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 But yett fo fterne and terrible in fight, 
 That cheard his friendes, and did his foes 
 
 amate : 
 He was an Elfin borne, of noble fl:ate 
 And mickle worfliip in his native land ; 
 Well could he tourney, and in lifi;s debate, 
 And knighthood tooke of good Sir Huons 
 
 hand) 
 When with king Oberon he came to Fary land* 
 
 VI. 3. But yett fo Jierne and terrible injight. 
 
 That cheard his friendes, and did his foes amate .] The 
 very fame pidure we liave of Arthegall, who bears tlie perfon 
 of juftice, F. Q. iii. ii. 24. 
 
 " His manly face that did his foes agrize^ 
 " And friends to terms of gentle truce entize." 
 And perhaps Spenfer had Xenophon's charader of Agefilaus 
 in view : UfttoTctroi fAv ^^ci?, J%6por; Jt ^of fwraro?. UptoN. 
 
 \'I. 6". And mickle worfhip] Honour. The word is often 
 fo ufed by Spenfer. Thus in the Hijt. of Kynge Arthur, impr. 
 by T. Eaft, B. 5. C. 6. " How king Arthur lent for fyf 
 Gawaine and other to Lucyus, and how they were aflailed and 
 efcaped with worjhip." Todd. 
 
 VI. 8. And knighthood took of good Sir Huons hand, 
 
 When with king Oberon he came to Fary land.] Mr. 
 Upton thinks that Sir Huon de Paganis, founder of the Knights 
 Templars, is here intended by the poet. Mr. Warton merely 
 obferves that " there is a romance, called Sir Huon of Bor- 
 deaux, mentioned amo jg other old hiftories of the fame kind, 
 in Laneham's Letter concerning Queen Filifabeth's entertain- 
 ment at Kenelworth Caftle." Wr. Warton alfo mentions that 
 it was a tranflation from the French, and palfed through three 
 editions; but nothing more on the fubjed. Now, as ISIr. 
 Upton thinks that Spenfer intended not to leave us in the dark 
 concerning this Sir Huon; (whom he erroneoufly fuppofes to 
 be Sir Hugh de Paganis;) and as neither Mr. Upton nor Mr. 
 Warton have thrown further light upon the pallage before us, 
 I mud inform the reader that, from the original romance of 
 Huon de Bordeaux, the poet's meaning may be afcertained. 
 King Oberon appears to have been purticuiurly attached lo
 
 ANTO I. THE FAEKIE QUEENE; QQ3 
 
 VII. 
 
 Ilim als accompanyd upon the way 
 
 A comely Palmer, clad in black attyre, 
 Of rypefl yeares, and heares all hoarie gray. 
 That with a ftaffe his feeble fteps did (lire, 
 Lead his long way his aged limbes fliould tire : 
 And, if by lookes one may the mind aread, 
 He feemd to be a fage and lb her lyre ; 
 And ever with flow pace the Knight did lead, 
 
 Who taught his trampling ileed with equall fteps 
 to tread. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Such whenas Archimago them did view^ 
 He weened well to worke fome {mcouth wyle : 
 
 Hitort de BofdeauX. After having become acquainted A^ith liim, 
 ab he wiihed, the Faeri/ king proceeds to fliow him every at- 
 tention, viz. " Des grandes merueilles que le Roy Oberon 
 racompta a Iluon de Bordeaux, et des choles qu' il fift :" And 
 afterwards, " Des beaux dons que le Roy Oberon fit a liuon." 
 The Faery king I'uccours liim in many dangers, and finally pre- 
 lents to him his kingdom of Faery : " Comment Oberon donna 
 a Huon Jon Rorjaume de Feaerie. INIais pour ce que ie vous 
 aime loyaument," fays, the king to Iluon, " i6 vous mettray la 
 couronne deffus votre chef, & ferez Roy & feigneur de mon 
 Royaume, &c." The poet therefore alludes to the hero's 
 exercife of the kingly power in creating Knights. Todd. 
 
 VII. 4. did ftire,] Stir, move. Lat. 
 
 movere, Junius. So, in F. Q. ii. ix. 30. 
 
 " An huge great payre of bellowes which didy?j/rc 
 
 " Continually " 
 And fee F. Q. iii,; vii^ 45. Ciiu'rch* 
 
 VII. 8. And ever -with ^o\s pz.cii] With flow pace, '\. e. e\ea, 
 equal, not in a hurry and confufion : rav/r} iv tSk od'ojj ^aJi^nv, 
 I am apt to think that Spenfer had the following pafTage of 
 Plato, in Charmides, in view, where he is fpeaking of tem- 
 perance : To xo3-j,I? 'zcravra- iSTfi-ftm, >ej cruj^^ w ts tcck o^Ji? ^xeK^sit, 
 
 VOL. III. ^' Q
 
 226 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Eftfoones, untwifting his deceiptfuU clew, 
 He gan to weave a web of wicked guyle ; 
 And, with faire countenance and flattringftyle 
 To them approching, thus the Knight be- 
 
 fpake ; 
 ** Fayre fonne of Mars, that feeke with war- 
 
 Uke fpoyle. 
 And great atchiev'ments, great yourfelfe to 
 
 make, 
 Vouchfafe to ftay your fteed for humble mifers 
 
 fake/* 
 
 IX. 
 
 He ftayd his deed for humble mifers fake. 
 And badd tell on the tenor of his playnt : 
 Who feigning then in every limb to quake 
 Through inward feare, and feeming pale and 
 
 faynt. 
 With piteous mone his percing fpeach gan 
 
 paynt ; 
 " Deare Lady ! how fliall I declare thy cace, 
 Whom late I left in languorous conftraynt ? 
 Would God ! thyfelfe now prefent were in 
 
 place 
 
 VIII. 9. humble mifers faheJ] A poor 
 
 miferable man's fake. Lat. mifer. See alfo F. Q. ii. iii. 8. 
 
 Church. 
 
 IX. 8. icere in place] Mr, Upton is 
 
 facetious on the phrafe in place, and fays tliat the poet ufes it 
 *' more for rhyme than reafon." But the poet follows the 
 authority, fo often adopted, of romance. Thus, in Bevis of 
 Hampton :
 
 CANTO I. THE tAERIE QUEENE. 227 
 
 To tell this rueruU tale : Thy fight could wiii 
 thee grace : 
 
 X. 
 *' Or rather would, O ! would it to had chaunft, 
 That you, moft noble Sir, had prefent beene 
 When that lewd rybauld, with vyle luft ad* 
 
 vaunft. 
 Laid firft his filthie hands on Virgin cleene, 
 To fpoyle her dainty corps, fo faire and (lieene 
 As on the earth, great mother of us all, 
 With living eye more faj^re was never feene 
 
 " I (hall goe now and make a writ, 
 " Through fome clarke wife of wit, 
 " That no man fliall haue grace 
 " While thofe letters be in place :" 
 That is, while thofe letters exijl. Todd. 
 
 IX. g. To tell this &c.] So all the editions. I fhould 
 think Spenfer gave, " To tell t/iy rueful! tale !" Ciiurch. 
 
 X. 3. When that lewd rybauld, Kith vi/le litjt advaunll:,] 
 Ribauld, Fr. A fcoundrel, a ruffian. See De Mejjirc Tloridan 
 Sj- de la belle Ellinde, 4to. 1523, fol. iiii. " Lung defdidtz 
 quattre ribaulx de Icing luy gedta vng dart que luy entra ou 
 corps & le perca tout oultre ;" thefe villains are before called 
 " mauhais garcons." The other exprellion in Spenfer's verfe, 
 advaiitift, iiere means driven forward, impelled, or hajlencd, Fr. 
 a vane 6, Todd. 
 
 X. 4. on Virgin cleene,] Mr. Upton 
 
 fays that cleene fliould be joined to corps, a.nd Jlieene to Virgin, 
 He would not have faid fo, if he had read the romance of Bcxis 
 of Hampton, to the marvels and phrafeology of which Spenfer 
 was partial. The Patriarch thus cautions Sir Bevis : 
 
 " And forbad him on his life, 
 
 '* That he fliould neuer take any to wife, 
 
 " But were flie a Maiden cleane : 
 
 " Yea, faid Beuis, fo I meane." 
 Bevis afterwards mentions this injundion, and repeats th^ 
 phrafe of Maiden cleane. Todd.
 
 228 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Of chaftity and honour virginall : 
 Witnes, ye heavens, whom (lie in vaine to help 
 did call! 
 
 XI. 
 
 " How may it be," fayd then the Knight halfe 
 
 wroth, 
 " That Knio'ht fliould knio-hthood ever fo 
 
 have Ihent ?" 
 " None but that faw,'' quoth he, " would 
 
 weene for troth. 
 How fliamefully that Mayd he did torment: 
 Her loofer golden lockes he rudely rent, 
 And drew her on the ground; and his fliarpe 
 
 fword 
 Againft her fnowy breft he fiercely bent, 
 And threatned death with many a bloodie 
 
 word ; 
 Tounge hates to tell the reft that eye to fee 
 
 abhord." 
 
 xir. 
 Therewith amoved from his fober mood, 
 
 " And lives he yet," faid he, "that wrought 
 
 this aft ? 
 And doen the heavens afford him vitall food ?" 
 " He lives," quoth he, " and boafteth of the 
 
 fa6t, 
 
 XI. 1. How may it be,] That is, How cm it be. See the 
 note on F. Q. i. vi. 3y. Church.
 
 CANTO I. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 229 
 
 Ne yet hath any Knight his courage 
 
 crackt/' 
 " Where may that treachour then/' fayd he, 
 
 " be found, 
 Or by what meanes may I his footing 
 
 traa r 
 
 " That fliall I Ihew,'* faid he, " as fure as 
 
 hound 
 
 The ftricken deare doth chaleng by the bleeding 
 
 wound/* 
 
 XIII. 
 
 He ftayd not lenger talke, but with fierce yre 
 
 And zealous ^afte away is quickly gone 
 
 To feeke that Knight, where him that crafty 
 
 Squyre 
 Suppofd to be. They do arrive anone 
 Where fate a gentle Lady all alone. 
 With garments rent, and heare difcheveled. 
 Wringing her handes, and making piteous 
 
 mone : 
 
 XII. 5. his courage crackt.] This feems too 
 
 low an expreflion for " Nor yet hath any Knight broken or 
 fubdued his courage." It reminds us of a quaint and modern 
 phrafe, which is alfo to be found in Bexis of Hampton, where a 
 battle is defcribed : 
 
 " Men might heare croxvnes crack E, 
 
 " When Beuis gan to ftrike." 
 Spenfer's rhyme required this ungraceful word. Todd. 
 
 XII. 9. 2V/e ftricken deare] The wounded deer. See F. Q. 
 i. ii. 24. So Shakfpeare, in Hamlet : 
 
 " Why, let the^WcAwt f/fcr go weep." Church. 
 
 XIII. 1. He] Sir Gnyofl. Church. 
 
 Q 3
 
 230 THE FAERIE (iUENE. BOOK II, 
 
 Her fwoUen eyes were much disfigured, 
 And her faire face with teares was fowly blub- 
 bered. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 The Knight, approching nigh, thus to her faid ; 
 ** Faire Lady, through fowle forrow ill be- 
 
 dight, 
 Great pitty is to fee you thus diftnayd, 
 And marre the bloflbm of your beauty bright : 
 Forthy appeafe your griefe and heavy plight. 
 And tell the caufe of your conceived payne ; 
 For, if he live that hath you doen defpight. 
 He fliall you doe dew recompence agayne, 
 
 Or els his wrong with greater puiflance main- 
 
 taine/' 
 
 XV. 
 
 Which when (lie heard, as in defpightfull wife 
 She wilfully her forrow did augment. 
 And offred hope of comfort did defpife : 
 Her golden lockes moft cruelly ihe rent, 
 And fcratcht her face with ghaftly dreriment ; 
 Ne would (he fpeake, ne fee, ne yet be feene. 
 But hid her vifage, and her head downe bent. 
 Either for grievous ihame, or for great teene. 
 
 As if her hart with forrow had transfixed beene : 
 
 XIII. J). xcith teares was foivli/ blubbered.] So, in 
 
 F. Q. iii. viii. 32. " And blubbred face with teares kc." Where 
 fee the note. Todd. 
 
 XIV. 5. Forthv] Therefore^ as in Chaucer, Kn. Tale, 
 18^. edit. Tvrwhitt. 
 
 * And Jqrt/iy I you put m this degree." Todd.
 
 CANTO I. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 231 
 
 XVI. 
 
 Till her that Squyre befpake ; " Madame, my 
 liefe, 
 For Gods deare love be not fo wilfull bent. 
 But doe vouchfafe now to receive reliefe, 
 The which good fortune doth to you prefent. 
 For what bootes it to weepe and to wayment 
 When ill is chaunft, but doth the ill increafe. 
 And the weake minde with double woe tor- 
 ment ?" 
 When (he her Squyre heard fpeake, ftie gan 
 
 appeafe 
 Her voluntarie paine, and feele fome fecret eafe. 
 
 XVII. 
 Eftfoone Ihe faid ; " Ah ! gentle truftie Squyre, 
 What comfort can I, wofull wretch, conceave ! 
 Or why fhould ever I henceforth defy re 
 To fee faire heavens face, and life not leave, 
 Sith that falfe Traytour did my honour 
 
 reave r 
 " Falfe traytour certes,^' faide the Faerie 
 
 Knight, 
 " I read the man, that ever would deceave 
 A gentle Lady, or her wrong through might : 
 Death were too litle paine for fuch a fowle def- 
 pight. 
 
 XVI. 5. wayment] Bewail^ lament* 
 
 See the note on wayment^ F. Q. iii. iy. 35. Upton. 
 
 Q 4
 
 333 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 " But now, fajre Lady, comfort to you make. 
 And read ^vho hath ye wrought this Ihame- 
 
 full phghtj 
 That fhort revenge the man may overtake, 
 Wherefp he be, and fgone upon him hght." 
 " Certes,^' faid fhe, " I wote not how he hight, 
 But under him a gray fteede he did wield, 
 Whofe lides with dapled circles weren dight ; 
 Upright he rode, and in his filver ihield 
 
 He bore a Bloodie Croiie, that quartred all |;he 
 
 field." 
 
 XIX. 
 
 *,? 
 " Now by my bead,*' faide Guyon, " much I 
 
 mule, 
 How that fame Knight ftiould doe fo fowle 
 
 amis. 
 Or ever gentle Damzell fo abufe i 
 For may I boldly fay, he furely is 
 A right good Knight, and trew of word ywis : 
 I prefent was, and can it witnefle well, 
 
 XIX. 5. ywis:] Certainly, or truly. See 
 
 filfo F. Q. ii. vii. 53. It occurs perpetually in the romance f 
 Bevis of Hampton. 
 
 *' He foujid the keepers flaine iws, 
 
 ** But Btvis eicaped is." 
 
 Again, 
 
 " He kept with hiin Sir Beuis, 
 
 *' Till he was found and whole mis.'' 
 So Chaucer, Mi/l. T. 3705. edit. Tyrwhitt, 
 
 ' V'ivis, lemman, I have Iwiche love-longing." Todd. 
 ^^X. 6". I ^rej'ait a//*,] I was at the folemii leall held by
 
 CANTO I. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 233 
 
 When armes he fwore, and ftreight did en- 
 
 terpris 
 Th' Adventure of the Errant Damozell ; 
 In which he hath great glory wonne, as I heare 
 
 tell. 
 
 XX. 
 
 ^* Nathlefle he fhortly fliall againe be tryde, 
 And faireiy quit him of th' imputed blame ; 
 Els, be ye fure, he dearely llmll abyde, 
 Or make you good amendment for the fame : 
 All wrongs have mendes, but no amendes of 
 
 fliame. 
 Now therefore, Lady, rife out of your paine, 
 And fee the falving of your blotted name." 
 Full loth (he feemd thereto, but yet didfaine; 
 
 For (he was inly glad her purpofe fo to gaine. 
 
 XXI. 
 Iler purpofe was not fuch as flie did faine, 
 Ne yet her perfon fuch as it was kene ; 
 But under fimple {hew, and femblant plaine, 
 
 the Queen of Fairy land, when this Knight of the Red Crofs 
 had the adventure aHigned him of the Errant Dainfel, Una, as 
 njentioijed in the firft book. Upton. 
 
 XX. 7- your blotted wawe.] This is the 
 
 reading of Spenfer's fecond edition, which is followed by all 
 fubfequent editions, except by Tonfon's in 1758 ; which reads, 
 with tRe firft edition, blotting. Mr. Upton indeed refers to 
 one of his canons, too learnedly applied to the phrafeology of 
 Sliakfpeare ; viz. that of active participles being ufcd pajjivelrj : 
 Yet he acknowledges that blotted makes the fenfe eafier. I am 
 perfuaded, ihat blotting was an errour in the tirll edition, which 
 ejcaped tiie poet's notice ; and that he was happy to correel it 
 blotted in the fecond edition. Todd.
 
 234 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 11. 
 
 Lurkt falfe DueiTa fecretly unfeene, 
 As a chafte Virgin that had wronged beene ; 
 So had falfe Archimago her difguyfd, 
 To cloke her guile with forrow and fad teene ; 
 And eke himfelfe had craftily devifd 
 To be her Squire, and do her fervice well aguifd. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 Her, late forlorne and naked, he had found 
 Where fhe did wander in wafte wildernefTe, 
 Lurking in rockesand caves far under ground, 
 And with greene molTe covering her naked- 
 
 neffe 
 To hide her ftiame and loathly filthineffe, 
 Sith her Prince Arthur of proud ornaments 
 And borrowd beauty fpoyld : Her natheleffe 
 Th* Enchaunter finding fit for his intents 
 
 Did thus reveft, and deckt with dew habili- 
 ments. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 For all he did was to deceive good Knights, 
 And draw them from purfuit of praife and 
 fame 
 
 XXI. 9. "xell aguifd.] Jccovtred, or 
 
 drej'ed. See the note on aguifd, F. Q. ii. vi. 7. Todd. 
 
 XXII. 2. in wafte wildernefle,] He repeats 
 
 this phrafe in his Virgil's Gnat, ft. 47. Where fee the note. 
 
 Todd. 
 XXII. 9. Did thus reveft,] Revejlir. Fr. reinveft, clothe 
 or apparel again. See Cotgrave. See alfo the old romance of 
 Cheualier aux armcs Dorce, 4to. Par. Impr. pour lean Bonfons, 
 fign. F. i. " Et adonc les cheualiers prindrent le corps de la 
 pucelle que les deux damoyfelles auoyent reuejlue & aornee 
 le plus richement, &c." Todd,
 
 CANTO I. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 23.5 
 
 To Aug in flouth and fenfuall delights, 
 
 And end their daies with irrenowmed fhame. 
 
 And now exceeding griefe him overcame. 
 
 To fee the RedcroUe thus advaunced hye ; 
 
 Therefore this craftie engine he did frame, 
 
 Againft his praife to ftirre up enmitye 
 
 Of fuch, as vertues hke mote unto him allye. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 So now he Guy on guydes an Uncouth way 
 Through woods and mountaines, till they 
 
 came at laft 
 Into a pleafant dale that lowly lay 
 Betwixt two hils, whofe high heads, overplaft. 
 The valley did with coole fhade overcaft ; 
 Through midfl thereof a little river rold, 
 By which there fate a Knight with helme 
 
 unlafte, 
 Himfelfe refreihing with the liquid cold. 
 
 After his travell long and labours manifold. 
 
 XXV. 
 " Lo ! yonder he," cryde Archimage alowd, 
 " That wrought the Ihamefull fact which I 
 did (hew : 
 
 XXIII. 3. To Aug in Jlotith] He employs the verb jlug 
 again, F. Q. iii. vii. 12. " He us'd to ^/lug, or fleepe in (loth- 
 lull fhade." See Cotgrave's F. Did. " Tojlugge it, paresser, 
 to laze it, to Hue idly." Todd. 
 
 XXIII. 4. And end their daies "with irrenowmed fhame.l 
 Virgil calls Bufiris illaiidatits, Georg, iii. 5, irrenowmed; fhew- 
 iiig, by this negation of all praife, that he deferves all difgrace. 
 
 Upton.
 
 236 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II.O 
 
 And now he doth himfelfe in fecret ihrowd, 
 . 'To fly the vengeaunce for his outrage dew ; 
 But vaine ; for ye ftiall dearely do him rew : 
 (So God ye fpeed and fend you good fucceire !) 
 Which we far off will here abide to vew." 
 So they him left inflam'd with wrathfulnefle, 
 That ftreight againft that Knight his fpeare he 
 did addrefle. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 Who, feeing him from far fo fierce to pricke, 
 His warlike amies about him gan embrace, 
 And in the reft his ready fpeare did fticke; 
 Tho, whenas ftill he faw him towards pace, 
 He gan rencounter him in equall race. 
 They bene ymett, both ready to affrap, 
 When fuddeinly that Warriour gan abace 
 
 XXV. 6. So &c.] All the editions place a comma only 
 after rexc, and a femicolon after fucce/Te ; as if the fenfe were, 
 So God &c. that is. Provided God Jhall give you fuccejfe. The 
 pointing, as we have given it, makes the fenfe more natural. 
 
 Church. 
 
 XXVI. 6. ready to affrap,] Encounter. 
 
 Ital. ajfrappare. Fr. frapper. See alfo F. Q. iii. ii. 6\ " To 
 affrap the rider," i. e. to ftrike down. Upton. 
 
 XXV^I. 7. When fuddeinly &c.] In this and the next ftanza 
 Sir Guyon fuddeiily abafes his fpear, and begs pardon of the 
 Redcroffe Knight for having attacked him ; as if he had jull 
 now difcovered him to be the RedcrofTe Knight : whereas he 
 knew him to be fo, ft. 19. and after that refolves to fight with 
 him. T. Warton. 
 
 Sir Guyon at firft refolves to fight with the RedcrofTe 
 Knight ; but, uponjight of hia Jhield, inftantly recollefts hinilelf, 
 and abafes his fpear. This is verv fuitable to his cliarader, 
 and produces an agreeable effect. It is further obfervable that 
 his Palmer {his rtajon) was then abfeut. Church.
 
 CANTO I, THE FAERIE QUEENE. 237 
 
 His threatned fpcarej as if Ibme new mifliap 
 Had him betide, or hidden danger did entrap; 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 And cryde, *^Mercie, Sir Knight! and mercie, 
 Lord, 
 For mine offence and heedeleffe hardiment, 
 That had almoft committed crime abhord, 
 And with reprochfull lliame mine honour 
 
 flient. 
 Whiles curled fteele againft that Badge I bent, 
 The facred Badge of my Redeemers death, 
 Which on your llneld is let for ornament I" 
 But his fierce foe his fteed could ftay uneath. 
 Who, prickt with courage kene, did crueil bat- 
 tell breath. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 Bat, when he heard him fpeake, ftreight way 
 he knew 
 His errroiir; and., himfelfe inclyning, fayd; 
 *' Ah ! deare hr G uyon, well becommeth you, 
 
 Sir Guyon has been worked up by Archimago,. and by 
 fV-eing a Lady in diltreis, to fight St. George, whom he knew 
 at the Court of the Fairy Queeu. Thele were his firft thoughts, 
 and fudden refolution ; but, upon feeing St. George hinifelf 
 and his facred badge, his fudden refentinent is flopped; and 
 he recolleds that furely he ought to expoftulate, before he 
 committed fuch an outrage. This is a very fine inftance of 
 felf-government; namaly, Ij/ proper I'ecolUdion to remove fudden 
 refentinent. Upton. 
 
 XXVIII. 2. .^zOT/eZ/e inclyning,] Bowing. Thus 
 
 alfo F. Q. V. ix. 34, " To whom ihe eke inclyning &c." Where 
 fee tlje note. Todd. 
 
 XXVIII. 3. well becommelh you,'\ This is the
 
 238 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK IL 
 
 But me behoveth rather to upbrayd, 
 Whofe haftie hand io far from reaibn ftrayd, 
 That almoft it did haynous violence 
 On that fayre ymage of that heavenly Mayd, 
 That decks and armes your fliield with faire 
 defence : 
 Yourcourt'fie takes on you anothers dew offence.'* 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 So beene they both atone, and doen upreare 
 Their bevers bright each other for to greet ; 
 Goodly comportaunce each to other beare, 
 And entertaine themfelves with court' fies 
 
 meet. 
 Then faid the RedcroiTe Knight; " Now 
 
 mote I weet, 
 Sir Guyon, why with fo fierce faliaunce, 
 
 reading of both Spenfer's editions, which the editions of 
 Hughes, of 1751, 1758, and Upton, adopt. The folio of l6'll 
 made the alteration of " ill becomineth you," which INIr. 
 Church has admitted into the text, thinking it to be as Spenfer 
 gave it; and which he explains, You have uo reafon, I only ought 
 to afk pardon, &cc. Perhaps the poet's meaning is, " Ah! 
 deare Sir Guyon, i/our behaiiour -well becommeth you ; but me 
 aV d'c^orcM yo rather to upbravd." Todd. 
 
 XXVIII. 8. That decks and armes i/our^/hield] " Decus et 
 tutamen," Virg. uEn. v. 262. In their 'tilts' and tournaments, 
 in queen Elizabeth's reign, their impreffes and devices were 
 often in honour of their Virgin Queen. One of her courtiers 
 made on his fhield a half of the Zodiacke, with Virgo rifing, 
 aaamg, Jam redit et lirgo. See C-drndens Remains. Ufton. 
 
 XXIX. 1. So becne they both atone,] That is, friends 
 again ; at one, atoned, reconciled ; in the folios fpelt atfone. 
 
 UpToy. 
 
 XXIX. 6. faliaunce,] Aff'ault or /ally. Vr, 
 
 iaillier. Todd.
 
 CANTO I. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 239 
 
 And fell intent, ye did at earft me meet ; 
 For, fith I know your goodly gouvernaunce. 
 
 Great caufe, I weene, you guided, or fome Cin- 
 couth chaunce/' 
 
 XXX. 
 
 " Certes," faid he, " well mote I fhame to tell 
 The fond encheafon that me hether led. 
 A falfe infdmous Faitour late befell 
 Me for to meet, that feemed ill befled, 
 And playnd of grievous outrage, which he red 
 A Knight had wrought againft a Lady gent; 
 Which to avenge, he to this place me led, 
 Where you he made the marke of his intent. 
 
 And now is fled : foule fhame him follow wher 
 
 he went 1'^ 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 So can he turne his earned unto game, 
 
 XXrX. 7. at earft] Lately. So, in F. Q, 
 
 vi. iii. 8, and elle where. Church. 
 
 XXX. 1- wdl mote I fhame] Well may I be 
 
 ajhamed. See alfo F. Q. ii. xii. 23-, v. iv. 24, and Sonnet 54. 
 
 Church, 
 XXX. 2. The fond encheafon] Thefoolijh occafwn. 
 
 Church. 
 Encheafon is accident, or occafion. Ufed by Gower, fol. xxi, 
 2. " If that I had enc/ieo/bn." Upton. 
 
 XXX. 4. ill befted,] In bad plight. See 
 
 alfo the fifty fecond ftanza. Church. 
 
 XXXI. 1. So can he turne his earneft untO: game,] This 
 familiar phrafe is the language of roinance. Set} before, F, Q. 
 i. xii. 8. Thus in Bevis of Hampton : 
 
 " And when they were thus fighting, 
 " There was earnefl and no gamihg," 
 Again : " With fwords bright &c.
 
 240 THE FAERIE QUEE]^E/ BOOK II, 
 
 Through goodly handhng and wife tempe- 
 
 raimce. 
 By this his aged Guide in pre fence came } 
 Who, foone as on that Knight his eye did 
 
 glaunce, 
 Eftfoones of him had perfe6b cognizaunce^ 
 Sith him in Faery court he late avizd ; 
 Andfaid; " Fayre fonne, God give you happy 
 
 chaunce, 
 And that deare CrofTe uppon your fhield 
 
 devizd, 
 ^Vherewith above all Knights ye goodly feeme 
 
 aguizd ! 
 
 XXXII. 
 ** loy may you have, and everlafting fame, 
 Of late moft hard atchiev'ment by you donne, 
 For which enrolled is your glorious name 
 In heavenly regefters above the funne, 
 AVhere you a Saint with Saints your feat have 
 
 wonne ! 
 But wretched we, where ye have left your 
 marke. 
 
 " While they handled both tlie fame, 
 " There was earnrjl and no game." 
 Chaucer alfo has th*^ phral'c, Mill. T. 1110. edit. Urr. Caw is 
 here again ufed by Spenfer lor began. Todd. 
 
 XXXI. (), -: avizd;] Saw. Fr. atifa'. 
 
 Church. 
 So, in F. Q. i, v. 40. " When Jove avizd." Upton. 
 
 XXXI. .9. agvvizd !] ^(/o/'hcc/. See the 
 
 note on agitisd, F. Q. ii. vi. 7. Todd.
 
 CANTO I. THE FAERI QUEEJIE. ^41 
 
 Muft now anew begin like race to ronrie. 
 God guide thee, Gujon, well to end thy 
 warke, 
 And to the wiftied haven bring thy weary 
 barke !" 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 " Palmer/' him anfwered the lledcrofle Knight, 
 " His be the praife, that this atchiev'ment 
 
 wrought, 
 Who made my hand the organ of His might ! 
 More then goodwill to me attribute nought ; 
 For all I did, I did but as I ought. 
 But you, faire Sir, whofe pageant next en- 
 
 fewes, 
 Well mote yee thee, as well can wifti your 
 
 thought. 
 That home ye may report thrife happy newes ! 
 For well ye worthy bene for worth and gentle 
 thewes/^ 
 
 XXXIV. 
 
 So courteous conge both did give and take. 
 
 XXXIII, 7. Well mote yee thee,] Thrive, pro/per. So, in 
 F. Q. ii. xi. 17. '* Fayre mote he thee." We find this expref- 
 fion often in our old poets. In Douglas's Virgil p. 179- ver. 
 54, " Samote I the," i. e. So might I pro/per. Lidgate in the 
 ftory of Thebes, foL 358. " Or certaine els they Ihall never 
 thee." Chaucer, p. 173, ed. Urr. *' God let him never the." 
 
 UpTOisr. 
 
 XXXIV. 1. So courteous congis Sic.} Leave. See the note 
 on conge, F. Q. ii. iii. 2. TopD. 
 
 VOL, III. R
 
 242 THE FAERIE QUEENS. BOOK II. 
 
 With right hands phghted, pledges of good 
 
 will. - ' 
 
 Then Guy on forward gan his voyage make 
 With his biacke Palmer, that him guided ftill : 
 Still he him guided over dale and hill, 
 And with bis fteedy ftaffe did point his way ; 
 His race with reafon, and with words his will. 
 From fowle intemperaunce he ofte did ftay. 
 And fufFred not in wrath his hafty fteps to dray. 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 In this faire wize they traveild long yfere, 
 Through many hard affayes which did betide ; 
 Of which he honour ftill away did beare. 
 And fpred his glory through all countryes 
 
 wide. 
 At laft, as chaunft them by a foreft fide 
 To pafle, for fuccour from the fcorching ray, 
 They heard a ruefull voice, that dearnly cride 
 With percing Ihriekes and many a dolefull lay; 
 
 Wliich to attend, awhile their forward fteps 
 they ftay. 
 
 XXXVL 
 
 " But if that carelefle hevens,'* quoth ilie, 
 " defpife 
 The doome of iuft revenge, and take delight 
 To fee fad pageaunts of mens mil'eries, 
 
 XXXV. 7, that desirnly cride] That cried 
 
 mournfuUi/. See the note on dcnily, F. Q/iii. i. 14. Todd. 
 
 XXXVI. 3. To jet fad pageaunts &c.] Pageants were re- 
 prefentation-; of vjrtuee and vices perfdnified, and were frequent
 
 CANTO I. THE FAERJE QUEENE. 24'S 
 
 As bownd by them to live in lives defpight; 
 
 Yet can they not warne Death from wretched 
 wight. 
 
 Come, then ; come foone ; come, fvveeteft 
 Death, to me, 
 
 And take away this long lent loathed light : 
 
 Sharpe be thy wounds, but fweete the medi- 
 cines be, 
 That long captived foules from weary thral- 
 dome free. 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 " But thou, fM'eete Babe, whom frowning fro- 
 ward fate 
 Hath made fad witnefTe of thy fathers fall, 
 Sith heven thee deignes to hold in living ftate, 
 Long maift thou live, and better thrive withall 
 Then to thy luckleffe parents did befall ! 
 Live thou ! and to thy mother dead atteft, 
 That cleare fhe dide from blemiih criminall : 
 Thy litle hands embrewd in bleeding breil 
 
 in the age of Spenfer. Compare Shakfpeare's Tempeji, " And, 
 like this infubftantial pageant, faded." Fageunt here means 
 fpeRade or Jliow. In ft. 33, it feems intended for h\fiory ; 
 " vihoie pageant next enfewes." Todd. 
 
 XXX VII. 1. But thou, &c.] So all the editions. And 
 would have been better ; and I think Spenfer fo gave it ; only 
 the printer's eye miflook the ftanza, as in other like inftances. 
 See F. Q. ii. iii. 37. Church. 
 
 I think that Spenfer intended " But thou, &c." It is more 
 in his manner, thus to begin an earneft or impailioned feiitence. 
 Compare ft. 36', " But if &c." And Una's addrefs to Fideli*, 
 F. Q. i. X. 16". " But ftie, your fifter deare, &c," Todd. 
 
 R 2
 
 244 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Loe ! I foi* pledges leave ! So give me leave to 
 reft!" 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 With that a deadly flirieke Ihe forth did throw 
 That through the wood re-echoed againe ; 
 And after gave a grone fo deepe and low 
 That feemd her tender hart was rent in twaine, 
 Or thrild with point of thorough-piercing 
 
 paine : 
 As gentle hynd, whofe fides with cruell fteele 
 Through launched, forth her bleeding life 
 
 does raine, 
 Whiles the fad pang approching fhee does feele, 
 Braies out her lateft breath, and up her eies 
 doth feele. 
 
 XXXIX. 
 
 Which when that Warriour heard, difmounting 
 ftrai6l 
 From his tall fteed, he rulht into the thick, 
 
 XXXVII. 9. So give me leave to rejt /] This (he 
 
 fays, ftabbing herfelf, " fie, fie juvat ire fub umbras," like Dido 
 in Virgil. Upton. 
 
 XXXVIII. 7. ' forth her bleeding life does raine,] A 
 
 the ftricken bind does raine forth, i. e. does your forth, like 
 drops of rain, her bleeding life. He calls the blood pouring 
 from her, her bleeding life. So Virgil, ^n. ix. S^p. " Purpu- 
 ream vomit ille animam." Upton. 
 
 XXXVIII. 9. Braies out &c.] She (hould have been in- 
 ferted before braies out. T. Warton. 
 
 XXXIX. 2. into the thick,} The thichet. 
 
 The fame expreflion and correfponding rhyme, as Mr. Church 
 alfo has noticed, occur in the Shep. Cat. March, ver. IZ.
 
 CANTO I. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 245 
 
 And foone arrived where that fad Pourtraict 
 Of death and dolour lay, halfe dead, halfe 
 
 quick ; 
 In whofe white alabafler breft did flick 
 A cruell knife that made a grieily wownd, 
 From which forth guiht a ftream of gore- 
 blood thick, 
 That all her goodly garments ftaind arownd. 
 And into a deepe fanguine dide the grafly 
 grownd. 
 
 XL. 
 
 Pitifull fpe6lacle of deadly fmart, 
 
 Beiide a bubling fountaine low fhe lay, 
 Which ftiee increafed with her bleeding hart, 
 And the cleane waves with purple gore did 
 
 ray : 
 Als in her lap a lovely Babe did play 
 His cruell fport, in Head of forrow dew ; 
 For in her ftreaming blood he did embay 
 His litle hands, and tender ioints embrew : 
 
 Pitifull fpe6lacle, as ever eie did vew ! 
 
 " Tho, peeping clofe into the thicke, 
 " Might fee the moving of fome quiche 
 *' Whofe (hape appeared not :" 
 AVhere quiche means living creature. So, in the Apoftles Creed, 
 " i\vG quick and the dead.'' Todd. 
 
 XXXIX. 4. Of death and dolour] See alfo F. Q. ii. vii. 23, 
 ii. viii. 7. The fecond edition reads " Of death and labour," 
 which many later editions have followed. Church. 
 
 XL. 4, did ray ;] Defile. See the 
 
 note on ray^ F. Q. vi. iv. 23. Todd. 
 
 R 3
 
 $4<l THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 XLI. 
 
 Befides them both, upon the foiled gras 
 
 The dead corfe of an armed Knight was fpred, 
 Whofe armour all with blood befprincled was ; 
 PI is ruddy lips did fmjle, and rofy red 
 Did paint his chearefull cheekes, yett being 
 
 ded ; 
 Seemd to have beene a goodly perfonage, 
 / .Now in his freiheft flowre of luftyhed, 
 
 Fitt to inflame faire Lady with loves rage, 
 But that fiers fate did crop the bloffome of his 
 age, 
 
 XLII. 
 Whom when the good Sir Guyon did behold, 
 His hart gan wexe as ftarke as marble flone, 
 And his freih blood did frieze with fearefuU 
 
 cold, 
 That all his fences feemd berefte attone : 
 At laft his mighty ^hoft gan deepe to gi'one. 
 As lion, grudging in his great difdaine, 
 Mournes inwardly, and makes to himfelfe 
 
 mone ; 
 Til ruth and fraile affe6iion did conftraine 
 His flout courdge to ftoupe, and ihew his in- 
 ward paine, 
 
 XLil. 9, His ftout courage] The folios, and Hughes, dif- 
 liking the accent on the fecond fyllable of courage, have thought 
 proper to read courage Jlout. But they appear to have for- 
 gotten that, in the very pext canto, ft, Z9, accorage is accented
 
 CANTO T. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 247- 
 
 XLIII. 
 
 Out of her gored wound the cruell fteel 
 
 He hghtly fnatcht, and did the floodgate ftop 
 With his faire garment : then gan ibftly feel 
 Her feeble pulfe, to prove if any drop 
 Of Uving blood yet in her veynes did hop : 
 Which when he felt to move, he hoped faire 
 To call backe life to her forfaken fliop : 
 So well he did her deadly wounds repaire, 
 
 That at the laft fliee gan to breath out living aire. 
 
 XLIV. 
 Which he perceiving, greatly gan reioice. 
 And goodly counfell, that for wounded hart 
 Is meeteft med'cine, tempred with fweete 
 
 voice ; 
 " Ay me ! deare Lady, which the ymage art 
 Of ruefull pitty and impatient fmart. 
 What direfull chaunce armd with avenging 
 
 fate, 
 Or curfed hand, hath plaid this cruell part, 
 Thus fowle to haften your untimely date ? 
 Speake, O dear Lady, fpeake ; help never 
 comes too late/* 
 
 with the iftus on the laft fyllable. The rhyme, however, has 
 there prevented fuch arbitrary alteration ; and might have 
 ferved indeed as an ufeful hint to hafty emendators ; more 
 efpecially alfo, if they had deigned to confult Chaucer, Prol. 
 
 c. r. 11. 
 
 " So priketh hem nature in hir corages ; 
 
 " Than longen folk to gon on pilgrimages, &c," To do. 
 
 R 4
 
 2,48 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOPJt II, 
 
 XLV. - 
 
 Therewith her dim eie-lids (he up gan reare. 
 On which the drery Death did iitt as fad 
 As lump of lead, and made darke clouds ap- 
 
 peare : 
 But when as him, all iij bright armour clad, 
 Before her {landing flie efpied had, 
 As one out of a deadly dreame affright, 
 She weakely ftarted, yet Ihe nothing drad : 
 3treight dowue againe herfelfe in great def- 
 
 pight 
 She groveling threw to ground, as hating life 
 
 and lights 
 
 XLVI. 
 
 The gentle Knight her foone with careful! 
 paine 
 Uplifted light, and foftly did uphold : 
 Thrife he her reard, and thrife (he funck 
 iagaine, 
 
 ^LV. 1. Thercivilh her dim eie-lids Jhe up gan reare, "] 'Tis 
 very likely that Spenfer had before him that fine paflage in 
 Virgil, wherein he defcribes Dido, having ftabbed herfelf, juft 
 ilruggling with life : 
 
 " Ilia graves oculos conata attoUere rurfus 
 
 " Deficit oculifq; errantibus alto 
 
 " (^uaeiivit coclo lucem, &c." 
 
 Thrife ht her reard, and thrife Jhe funck againe, 
 
 * Ter fefe adtpllens, cubitoq; aduixa levavit, 
 
 " Ter revoluta toro eft." tJpTON. 
 
 XLV. 2. as fad] As heavy. So, in 
 
 F. Q. ii. viii. 30. *' His hand, more fad then lump of lead." 
 
 Todd. 
 XLVI. I. paine] Labour. Fr. CnuRcn.
 
 CANTO I. THE FAEUIE QVEENE. 249 
 
 Till he his armes about her fides gan fold, 
 And to her faid ; " Yet, if the ftony cold 
 Have not all feized on your frozen hart, 
 Let one word fall that may your grief unfold. 
 And tell the fecrete of your mortall fmart : 
 He oft finds prefent helpe, who does his griefe 
 
 impart/' 
 
 XLVII. 
 Then, cafting up a deadly looke, full low 
 She iigh't from bottome of her wounded breft ; 
 And, after many bitter throbs did throw, 
 With lips full pale and foltring tong oppreft, 
 Thefe words flie breathed forth from riven 
 
 cheft ; 
 " Leave, ah ! leave off, whatever wight thou 
 
 bee. 
 To lett a weary wretch from her dew reft, 
 And trouble dying foules tranquihtee ; 
 Take not away now got, which none would give 
 
 to me J" 
 
 XLVIII. 
 " Ah ! far be it," faid he, " deare Dame, fro 
 mee, 
 To hinder foule from her defired reft, 
 Or hold fad life in long captivitee : 
 
 XLVII. 3. And, after Si c] And, after (lie had throbbed 
 bitterly, &c. Church. 
 
 XLVII. 7. To lett] Hinder, as in II Tkef, ii. 7. " Only ^ 
 he, who now ktteth, will lett, until he be taken out of the way." 
 
 Todd.
 
 250 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 For, all I feeke, is but to have red reft 
 The bitter pangs that doth your heart infeft. 
 Tell then, O Lady, tell what fatall priefe 
 Hath with fo huge misfortune you oppreft ; 
 That I may caft to compas your reliefe. 
 Or die with you in forrow, and partake your 
 
 griefe/' 
 
 XLIX. 
 With feeble hands then ftretched forth on hye, 
 As heven accufmg guilty of her death, 
 And with dry drops congealed in her eye, 
 In thefe fad wordes (he fpent her utmoft breath ; 
 " Heare then, O Man, the forrowes that 
 
 uneath 
 My tong can tell, fo far all fence they pas ! 
 Loe ! this dead corpfe, that lies here under- 
 neath, 
 The gentleft Knight, that ever on greene gras 
 Gay fteed with fpurs did pricke, the good Sir 
 
 Mordant was : 
 L. 
 " Was, (ay the while, that he is not fo now !) 
 My Lord, my Love, my deare Lord, my 
 
 deare Love, 
 So long as hevens iuft with equall brow 
 Vouch fafed to behold us from above. 
 One day, w hen him high corage did emmove, 
 
 XLVIII. 8. caft] Conjider kow. See alfo the 
 
 fifty fecond ftanza . Church.
 
 CANTO I. THE FAERIE QUEEN E. 251 
 
 (As wont ye Knightes to feeke adventures 
 
 wilde,) 
 He pricked forth his puifTaunt force to prove, 
 Me then he left enwombed of this childe, 
 This luckles childe, whom thus ye fee with blood 
 defild. 
 
 LI. 
 " Him fortuned (hard fortune ye may gheife !) 
 To come, where vile Acrafia does wonne ; / 
 Acrafia, a falfe EnchaunterefTe, 
 That many errant Knightes have fowle for- 
 
 donne ; 
 Within a wandring Ifland, that doth ronne 
 And ftray in perilous gulfe, her dwelling is : 
 Fay re Sir, if ever there ye travell, fhonne 
 The curfed land where many wend amis, 
 And know it by the name ; it hight the Bozvre. 
 
 of BUs. 
 
 LIL 
 " Her blis is all in pleafure, and delight, 
 
 " Wherewith fhe makes her lovers dronken 
 mad ; 
 
 LI. 8. The curfed land] Spenfer wrote, I believe, " That 
 curled land." This llory is finely introduced : 'Twas againft 
 this very Enchantrefs, that our Knight's adventure was in- 
 tended. Uptox. 
 
 LIL 2. Wherewith Jhe makes her lovers dronlien mad -^ See 
 Jer. li. 7. " Babylon hath been a golden cup in the Lord's *^ 
 hand, that made all the earth drunken ; the nations have 
 drunken of her wine ; therefore the nations are mad.'' See 
 alfo Rev. xiv. 8, xvii. 4. Todd.
 
 252 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 11. 
 
 And then with words, and weedes, of wondrous 
 
 might, 
 On them fhe workes her will to ufes bad : 
 My liefeft Lord fhe thus beguiled had ; 
 For he was flefti : (all flelh doth frayltie breed !) 
 Whom when I heard to beene fo ill beftad, 
 (Weake wretch) I wrapt mjfelfe in palmers 
 
 weed, 
 And call to feek him forth through danger and 
 
 great dreed. 
 
 LII. 8. in palmers weed,] Knights and 
 
 Ladies, di*guifed in palmers needs, are often to be found in 
 romance and old Englifh poetry. Thus, in Bevis of Hampton^ 
 Sabere tells his Son Terry, whom he is about to fend into the 
 " Sarafins land," in fearch of Bevis : 
 
 " Palmers -weed thou fhalt weare, 
 
 " So maift thou better of him heare." 
 Afterwards, Bevis himfelf, meeting with a palmer, thus ad- 
 drefl'es him : 
 
 " Palmer, he laid, doe me fome fauour; 
 
 " Giue thou me thy weed, 
 
 " For my cloathing, and for my fteed." 
 So, in the Hijl. of K. Leir, l605. 
 
 " we will go difguifde in palmers weeds, 
 
 " That no man (hall miftruft us what we are." 
 Milton has beautifully defcribed the Evening, " like a fad 
 votarift in palmers weeds," Com. ver. I89. Drayton tells us 
 what thefe weeds were ; for he defcribes the " palmer poore in 
 homely rujj'et clad," Polyolb. S. xii. p. 198. ed. l6"'22. There is 
 a propriety to be noticed in the circumftance of heroes and 
 heroines aflTuming the palmer s weed ; becaufe a palmer differed 
 from a pilgrim in this refped, among others ; namely, the 
 pilgrim travelled to some certain place: the palmer to 
 ALL, and not to any one in particular. See Blount's 
 Gloflbgraphy. Hence the expedlation of finding thofe of 
 whom they were in fearch, led knights and ladies to become 
 palmers. See Sabere's remark in the couplet already cited, 
 
 " So muijl thou better of him heare." Todd.
 
 CANTO I. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 253 
 
 LI 1 1. 
 
 " Now had fay re Cynthia by even tournes 
 Full meaiured three quarters of her yeare, 
 And thrice three tymes had fild her crooked 
 
 homes, 
 Whenas my wombe her burdein would for- 
 
 beare, 
 And bad me call Lucina to me neare. 
 Lucina came : a manchild forth I brought : 
 The woods, the nymphes, my bowres, my 
 
 midwives, weare : 
 Hard help at need ! So deare thee, Babe, I 
 
 bought ; 
 Yet nought too dear I deemd, while fo my deare 
 
 I fought. 
 
 LIV. 
 " Him fo I fought ; and fo at lad I fownd, 
 Where him that Witch had thralled to her 
 
 will, 
 In chaines of luft and lewde defyres ybownd, 
 And fo transformed from his former (kill, 
 
 LIII. 4. Ulienas my wombe her burdein rvould forbeare,] 
 That is, III bear any longer. For, in compofition, gives the 
 word a contrary fenl'e, as iv/ea.r,for-fwear ; done, for done; i. e. 
 undone; hid, forbid. Upton. 
 
 LIII. 6. The woods, the 7ii/mphes, my bowres, mymidwives, weare ;^ 
 That is, the woods were my chambers ; the nymphs, my mid- 
 wives. Church. 
 
 The pregnant heroines of romance are often delivered in 
 folitary forefts, without aflittance ; and the child, thus born, 
 generally proves a Knight of moft extraordinary puiffance. 
 
 T. VVarton.
 
 254- THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK IT. 
 
 That me he knew not, nether his owne ill ; 
 Till, through wife handling and faire go- 
 
 vernaunce, 
 I hitn recured to a better will. 
 Purged from drugs of fowle intempraunce ! 
 
 Then meanes I gan devife for his deliverance. 
 
 LV. 
 
 " Which when the vile Enchaunterefle perceived, 
 
 . How that my Lord from her I would reprive, 
 
 . With cup thus charmd him parting {he de- 
 
 ceivd ; 
 
 * Sad Verfe, give death to him that death does 
 
 give, 
 ' And lofTe of love to her that loves to live, 
 ' So foone as Bacchus with the Nymphe does 
 lincke !' 
 
 LIV. 5. That me he knew not, nether his oTvne ill ;] Such 
 are the fatal eff'efts of intemperaxce on the conftitution, 
 by extinguilhing the phyfical and intelleftual powers ; ending 
 often in fonie mental diiorder, or bringing on that frenzy which 
 terminates in filicide. Boyd. 
 
 From this moral painting Milton transferred a feature or 
 two to the beguiled and befotted travellers in Comus ; who, 
 having drunk the enchanter's potion, loft the human fhape, yet 
 ** not once perceived their foul disfiguremimt." Let the young 
 and though tlefs turn often to thefe juft and impreffive defcrip- 
 tions of our two nobleft poets ; to thefe /trains of higher mood; 
 and they will dafli, with indignation, the poifoned chalice of 
 INTEMPERANCE to the ground. Todd. 
 
 LV. 6. So foone as Bacchus icith the Nymphe does lincke f] 
 Nauficles, drinking to Calafiris in a glafs of pure water, ufea 
 the following expreflion ; " I drink to you the nymphs that 
 are pure and unlinked with Bacchus," y.a^ufui ri? ry/x^a? x^ 
 y.ourii7iSi t Atovn. Heliodor. Mthiop. L. v. p. 234. 
 
 Upton,
 
 CANTO I. THE FAERIE QUEENE. ^55 
 
 So parted we, and on our iourney drive ; 
 Till, coming to this well, he ftoupt to drincke: 
 The charme fulfild, dead fuddeinly he downe 
 did fincke. 
 
 LVI. 
 
 '* Which when I, wretch" Not one word more 
 {lie fayd, 
 Bat breaking off the end for want of breath, 
 And flyding foft, as downe to fleepe her layd, 
 And ended all her woe in quiet death. 
 That feeing, good Sir Guyon could uneath 
 From teares abftayne ; for griefe his hart did 
 
 grate. 
 And from fo heavie fight his head did wreath, 
 Accufmg fortune, and too cruell fate, 
 Which plonged had faire Lady in fo wretched 
 itate : 
 
 LVII. 
 
 Then, turning to his Palmer, faid ; " Old fyre, 
 Behold the ymage of mortalitie. 
 And feeble nature cloth'd with flellily tyre ! 
 When raging Paffion with fierce tyranny 
 
 The meaning of Spenfer's verfe is, So foon as this wine fliall 
 mix with water. Church. 
 
 Probably, by the mortal fentence being executed when 
 Bacchus with the Nymph does link, may be meant one very 
 common eft'edt of intemperance, viz. dropfical complaints. 
 
 Boyd. 
 
 LVII. 3. JieJIily tyre .'] The judicious 
 
 reader will fee that this ftanza is ill pointed in every former 
 edition. By a different pointing, I have endeavoured to liet 
 thefe line refledions iu a juft light. Church.
 
 9,56 tHE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK IT* 
 
 Robs Reafon of her dew regalitie, 
 
 And makes it fervaunt to her bafeft part; 
 
 The ftrong it weakens with infirmitie, 
 
 And with bold furie armes the weakeft hart : 
 
 The ftrong through pleafure fooneft falles, the 
 
 weake through fmart." 
 LVIII. 
 
 " ButTemperaunce,"faidhe, " with golden fquire 
 Betwixt them both can meafure out a meane ; 
 Nether to melt in pleafures whott defyre, 
 Nor frye in hartlelfe griefe and dolefull tene : 
 
 LVIII. 1. But Temperaunce, /aid he, with golden fquire] 
 Square, {pelt Jijuire for the fake of the rhyme. As workmen 
 examine their work by a fquare, fo philofophers have certain 
 rules, by which they compare adlions. Horace frequently 
 alludes to the fquare and rule of adion. Thus, Sat. i. iii. 78. 
 
 " Cur non 
 
 " Ponderibus modulifque fuis ratio utitur? " 
 Again, Sat. i. iii. 118. 
 
 " Adfit 
 
 " Regula, peccatis quas pcenas inroget aequas." 
 Again, Sat. i. i. 106". 
 
 " Eft modus in rebus, funt certi denique fines, 
 " Quos ultra citraque nequit confiftere rectum." 
 And Epiji. i. xviii. 9. 
 
 " Virtus eft medium vitiorum, et utrimque reductum." 
 Hence our poet, " Thrife happie man who fares them both 
 atweene." Upton. 
 
 Chaucer ufes /quires and not fquares in his AJlrolabie, a 
 work in profe, p. 441. Church. 
 
 LVIII. 2. a meane;] Alluding to 
 
 the Golden Mean. Church. 
 
 LVIIL 3. whott] Hot, (pe\t whotrm the 
 
 old editions of the Bible, and fo pronounced to this day in the 
 Wert of England. Upton. 
 
 LVIII. 4. Nor frye] So all the editions. The oppofition 
 requires that it Ihould be frieze, as in ft. 42, or frize, as in 
 F. Q. vi. X. 33. Church.
 
 fcANTO r. i-HE FAERIE QUEENt. <Q5f 
 
 Tlirife liappy man, who fares them both 
 
 atweene ! 
 But fith this wretched woman overcome 
 Of anguiih) rather then of crime, hath bene, 
 Referve her caufe to her eternall doome ; 
 
 And, in the meane^ vouchfafe her honorable 
 toombe/* 
 
 LIX. 
 
 *' Palmer," quoth he, " death is art eqiiall doome 
 To good and bad, the common In of reft ; 
 But after death the trjall is to come. 
 When beft (hall bee to them that lived beft : 
 But bothalike, when death hath both fuppreft. 
 Religious reverence doth burial teene ; 
 Which whofo wants, wants fo much of his reft : 
 For all fo greet ftiame after death I weene, 
 
 As felfe to djen badj unburied bad to beene* 
 
 LXi 
 
 So both agree their bodies to engrave : 
 
 LIX. 6. ^ dolh buriall teene;] Affords the 
 
 melancholy rites of burial; Church. 
 
 Teen is ufed fubftantively for trouble ijlirring, provoJcing, &c, 
 and as a verb in Chaucer, Tcft. of Lore, p. 505. ed. Urr. 
 " O ! good God, why tempt ye me and iene with fuch manner 
 fpeche ?" Again, p. 481. " Thy comming both gladdith and 
 teneth." Religious reverence, therefore, doth teene, i. e. ftir 
 vp, occajion burial to both alike (good and bad) when death 
 hath fuppreft both. Uptox. 
 
 LIX. 8. For all fo greet Jhamel That is. For I imagine it 
 altogether as great a fliame after death unburied lad to beene, 
 as for a man's felf to dyen bad. Uptox. 
 
 LX. 1. to engrave:] Bury, as in^ 
 
 F. Q. i. X. 42. Church. 
 
 VOL. III. S
 
 25S THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 The great earthes wombe they open to the (ky, 
 And with lad cypreflTe feemely it embrave ; 
 Then, covering with a clod their clofed eye, 
 They lay therein their corfes tenderly, 
 And bid them lleepe in everlafting peace. 
 But, ere they did their utmoft obfequy, 
 Sir Guyon more afFe6i:ion to increace, 
 Bynempt a facred vow, which none ftiould ay 
 
 releace. 
 
 LXI. 
 The dead Knights fword out of his (heath he 
 drew, 
 With which he cutt a lock of all their heare, 
 
 LX. 3. ^//a7VA fad cyprcflTe/eewc/y z7 embrave;] Decorate 
 it with Itrewments oi funeral ci^prejje, -as be calls the tree, 
 F. Q i. i. 8. Todd. 
 
 LX. 6. And bid themjleepe in evcrlajling peace.] An allufion 
 to the folemn Requiems, formerly fung at burials ; and to the 
 wilh, fo often iound on monumental Infcriptions, Requiefcat in 
 pace. See T/ie Ruines of Time, ft. 8. And Shakfpeare, de- 
 fcribing Ophelia's maimed rites : 
 
 " We (liould profane the fervice of the dead, 
 *' To Jing a requiem, andfuch reft to her 
 " As to peace-parted fouls." Todd. 
 LX. 9- Bynempt] Dictated, or named ; fromte and e?/?^. 
 See Chaucer, Squ. T. 10632. ed. Tyrwhitt. 
 
 " Ye moten nempne him to what place alfo, 
 " Or to what contree that you lift to ride." Todd. 
 LXL 1. The dead Ktiights fword out of hisjheath he drew, 
 With -which he cutt a lock of all their heare,] This 
 feems an allufion to the cuftom of cutting off a lock of hair of 
 dying perfons, which was looked on as a kind of offering to 
 the infernal deities. Juno orders Iris to perform this office to 
 Dido, Virg. JEn. vi. 6'94. And, in the Alcejlis of Euripides, 
 Death fays he is come to perform this office to Alceftis. Ther 
 was likewife another ceremony, which was for the friends and 
 relations of the deceafed to cut off their own hair, and to
 
 CANTO r. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 259 
 
 Which medhng with their blood and earth he 
 
 threw 
 Into the grave, and gan devoutly fweare ; 
 " Such and fuch evil God on Guyon reare, 
 I And worfe and worfe, young Orphane, be thy 
 
 payne, 
 If I, or thou, dew vengeaunce doe forbeare, 
 Till guiltie blood her guerdon doe obtayne !" 
 So, fliedding many teares, they closd the earth 
 
 a2;avne. 
 
 fcatter it upon the dead corfe. " Nee traxit caefas per tua 
 membia comas." Confol. ad Liv. ver. <)8. Upton. 
 
 LXI. 3. Which medliug] Mixing the hair &c. Fr. mdcr. 
 So, in the Shep. Cul. April : 
 
 " The red fofe mcdled with the white yfere." 
 Again, in May : 
 
 " Thus medled his talk with many a tear," 
 So Chaucer, p. 344. edit. Urr, 
 " O ! who could writin 
 
 *' How medlith (he his blode with her complaint." 
 
 CilUHCH. 
 
 LXI. 8. Till guiltie blood her gtierdon doe obtai/7ie.] That is, 
 Till blood-guiltinefs has her reward. Sir Guyon afterwards 
 deftroys the enchantments of Acrafia, the caul'e of all this woe. 
 
 Upxon.
 
 260 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 11. 
 
 CANTO 11. 
 
 ^abes bloody handes may not he clensd. 
 
 The face of Golden Meane : 
 Her Jijiers, Tzco Extremities, 
 
 Strive her to banijh cleane. 
 
 I. 
 THUS when Sir Guyon with his faithful Guyde 
 Had with dew rites and dolorous lament 
 The end of their fad tragedie uptyde. 
 The litle Babe up in his armes he hent ; 
 Who with fweet pleafaunce, and bold blan- 
 
 diihment, 
 Gan fmyle on them, that rather ought to 
 
 weepe, 
 As carelefle of his woe, or innocent 
 
 Arg. 1. may not be clensd!] That is, 
 
 co7/f be cleanfed. See ft. 10. Church. 
 
 May for can, as well as might for covld, repeatedly occurs in 
 the romance Hijl. of King Arthur. Todd. 
 
 Arg. 2. The face of Golden Meane:'] Inftead of "the 
 face" I believe Spenfer wrote, *' the place," i, e. caftle. Gall. 
 place, fortrefs, Richelet. See below. It. 12, which proves the 
 corredion. Uptox. 
 
 Perhaps face here means the form, the reprefentation, of 
 Medina. The Fr. face is thus interpreted by Cotgrave. The 
 fourteenth and fifteenth ftanzas countenance the original read- 
 ing^ace in this fenfe. Todd. 
 
 1.4. ^ehent:] Seized, took hold of. 
 
 Sax. hcnde. Lat. prchatderc. Todd.
 
 CANTO II. THE FAERIE QUEEXE. 2()1 
 
 Of that was doen ; that ruth emperced deepe 
 In that Knightes hart, and wordes with bitter 
 teares did fteepe : 
 II. 
 " Ah ! lucklefTe Babe, borne under cruell flarre, 
 And in dead parents balefull afties bred, 
 Full little weeneft thou what forrowes are 
 Left thee for porcion of thy livelyhed ; 
 Poore Orphane! in the wide world fcattered, 
 As budding braunch rent from the native tree. 
 And throwen forth, till it be withered ! 
 Such is the ftate of men ! Thus enter we 
 
 Into this life with woe, and end with miferee !" 
 
 III. 
 
 Then, foft himfelfe inclyning on his knee 
 Downe to that well, did in the water weene 
 (So love does loath difdainefuU nicitee) 
 His guiltie handes from bloody gore to cleene : 
 
 II. 2. And in dead pareiits balefull ajhes bred,"] Allufion to 
 the phoenix, but inaccurately. T. Wartox. 
 
 II. 8. Such is the ftate of men .'] Shakfpeare, after the fame 
 beautiful manner, makes Wolfey, from refledling on his own 
 fall, turn at once his reflections on the ftate of man ; and this 
 he does in Spenfer's very words : 
 
 " This is the fate of man ; to day he puts forth 
 " The tender leaves of hopes, &c." Upton. 
 
 III. 4. His guiltie handes] Muft we read gziiltlejfe? or 
 rather interpret it, imiocentlii, unknoviingly guilty ; guilty by 
 parental crimes. See the fortieth and forty firft llanzas of the 
 Jaft canto. Upton. 
 
 Mr. Boyd, the learned and elegant tranflator of Dante, ap- 
 pears to favour the opinion, which Mr. Upton has given, of 
 gidlfy by parental crimes : For, in his remarks to me on this 
 pafTage, he fays that " the poet feems here to mean, by the 
 
 s 3
 
 262 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK IT. 
 
 He waiht them oft and oft, yet nought they 
 
 beene 
 For all his wafliing cleaner : Still he flrove ; 
 Yet ftill the litle hands were bloody feene : 
 The which him into great amaz'ment drove, 
 A nd into diverfe doubt his wavering wonder clove. 
 
 IV. 
 
 He wift not whether blott of fowle offence 
 Might not be purgd with water nor with bath ; 
 Or that High God, in lieu of innocence. 
 Imprinted had that token of His wrath, 
 To (hew how fore blood guiltineffe He hat'th ; 
 
 bloody hands of the child, that difpenfation of Providence which 
 not only vifjts the fins of the parents upon the children, but 
 often continues the fame habitudes, difpofitions, and propen- 
 fities in families from one generation to another. Experience 
 fully proves that fuch, in general, is the ftate of things in this 
 fcene of probation." Todd. 
 
 IV'. 1. He Tvijl not whether blott of fowle offence 
 
 Might not be purgd with water &c.] Compare 
 Macbeth's remark, after he has murdered the king : 
 
 " Will all great Neptune's ocean wa(h this blood 
 " Clean from my hand ? No " 
 And Lady Macbeth's fpeech : " Out, damn'd fpot ! What, 
 will thefe hands ne'er be clean ?" Todd. 
 
 IV. 3. in lieu of innocence,^ So all the 
 
 editions. I think the poet gave, " in love of innocence," that 
 js, as a proof how much he loved and regarded innocence. 
 So, in F. Q. iii. viii. 2Q. " So much High God doth inno- 
 cence embrace !" Church. 
 
 |V. 5. bloodguiltinefle] 'We meet with 
 
 bloodguiltinej'e again in ft. 30, and again in F. Q. ii. vii. I9., 
 This is a word which would have been ranked among Spenfer's 
 obfolete terms, had it not been accidentally preferved to us in 
 the tranflation of the Pfalms ufed in our Liturgy, and by that 
 means rendered familiar. " Deliver me from blood-guiltinejs, 
 p God," P/c/. li. 14. T. Warton.
 
 CANTO rr. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 2^3 
 
 Or that the charme and veneme, which they 
 
 dronck, 
 Their blood with fecret filth infefl^d hath, 
 Being difFufed through the iencelefs tronck 
 That, through the great contagion, direful 
 deadly ftonck. 
 
 V. 
 Whom thus at gaze the Palmer gan to bord 
 With goodly reafon, and thus fayre befpake ; 
 " Ye bene right hard amated, gratious Lord, 
 And of your ignorance great merveill make, 
 Whiles caufe not well conceived ye miftake. 
 But know, that fecret vertues are infufd 
 In every fountaine, and in everie lake. 
 Which, w^ho hath (kill them rightly to have 
 chufd. 
 To proofe of paffmg wonders hath full often ufd : 
 
 VI. 
 
 " Of thofe, fome were fofrom their fourfe indewd 
 By great dame Nature, from whofe fruitful! 
 
 pap 
 Their welheads fpring, and are with moifture 
 
 deawd ; 
 Which feeds each living plant with liquid fap, 
 And filles with flowres fayre Floraes painted 
 
 lap : 
 
 V.J. to hord] Jccojty or addrefs. 
 
 See the note on bord, F, Q. ii. xii. \6. Todd. 
 
 V. 3. amated,] Perplexed. Fr. amati. 
 
 See note on amate, F. Q. iii. xi. 21. Todd. 
 
 s4
 
 264 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK U* 
 
 But Other feme, by guifte of later grace, 
 Or by good prayers, or by other hap, 
 Had vertue pourd into their waters bace. 
 And thenceforth were renowmd, and fought 
 from plape to place. 
 
 VII. 
 
 " Such is this well, wrought by occafion ftraunge, 
 AVhich to her nymph befell. Upon a di\y. 
 As Ihe the woodes with bow and ihaftes did 
 
 raunge. 
 The hartleire hynd and roebucke to difmay, 
 Dan Faunus chaunft to meet her by the way. 
 And, kindling fire at her faire-burning eye, 
 Inflamed was to follow beauties chace. 
 And chaced her, that fall from him did fly ; 
 
 As hynd from her, fo flie fled from her enimy. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 " At lafl, when fayling breath began to faint, 
 And faw no meanes to fcape ; of fliame aflrayd, 
 She fet her downe to weepe for fore conftraint ; 
 And, to Diana calling lowd for ayde, 
 
 VII. 7. : chace,] The rhyme requires 
 
 fome other word ; but I am at a lofs to fay what. Church. 
 
 The ingenious editor of Jonfon's Sad Shepherd conjectures, 
 that it Hiould be rat/ ; which, hp acutely remarks, the pre- 
 ceding line countenances. Todd. 
 
 \'I1I. 1. At lajt, uhenfaii/lipg breath &.C.] Somewhat like 
 the Itory of Arethufa in Ovid, Met. v. 6l8. 
 
 " FefTa labore fugjc, Fer opem, deprendimur, inquam, 
 " Armigera?, Didynna, tuae 
 " Mota dea eft." Jortin. 
 
 VIII. 3. conftraint;] Unea/inefs. 
 
 Seethe note on conftraint^ F. Q. i. i. 53. Church.
 
 / 
 
 CANTO II. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 1>6J 
 
 Pier deare belbught to let her die a niayd. 
 The goddefle heard ; and lUddeine, where 
 
 (he fate 
 AVelUng out ftreames of teares, and quite 
 
 difmayd 
 With ftony feare of that rude ruftick mate, 
 Transformd her to a ftone from ftedfaft Virgin* 
 
 (late. 
 
 IX. 
 
 " Lo ! now (he is that Stone ; from whofe two 
 
 heads, 
 As from two weeping eyes, freOi ftreames do 
 
 flow, 
 Yet colde through feare and old conceived 
 
 dreads : 
 And yet the Stone her femblance feemes to 
 
 fhow, 
 Shapt like a Maide, that fuch ye may her 
 
 know ; 
 And yet her vertues in her water byde : 
 
 VIII. G. and fuddeine, &LC.'\ The conftruclion 
 
 is, And fuddenly, from ftedfall Virgin's ftate, transformed her 
 to a ftoue in the place where flie fat, &c. Church. 
 
 VIII, 9- 'Transformed her to ajlonefrom ftedfaft Virgins Jtate.] 
 Stedfajl, i. e. in which ftate fhe purpofed ftedfaltly to continue. 
 Thus the requeft of Diana to her father was, Callim. In Dian. 6. 
 
 Ao,- iA.01 riAPQENIHN AmNIO.V, a.'jr'jrx, (pv>Ma-(7nv. 
 And the requeft of Daphne, 
 
 " Da mihi perpetud, genitor chariflime, dixit, 
 " Firginitate frui." Upton. 
 
 IX. 3. Yet] That is, Jill. So i/et fignifies in the fourth 
 atid fixth lines alfo. Church. 
 
 IX. 6". And yet her vertues &c.] The poet perhaps had in
 
 266 THE FAERIE QUEEXE. BOOK TI. 
 
 , For it is chafte and pure as pureft fnow, 
 Ne lets her waves with any filth be dyde ; 
 But ever, like herlelfe, unftayned hath beene 
 tryde. 
 
 X. 
 *' From thence it comes, that this Babes* bloody 
 hand 
 May not be clenfd with water of this well : 
 Ne certes. Sir, ftrive you it to withftand, 
 But let them ftill be bloody, as befell, 
 That they his mothers innocence may tell, 
 As (he bequeathd in her laft teftament ; 
 That, as a facred fymbole, it may dwell 
 In her fonnes flefh, to mind revengement, 
 And be for all chafte Dames an endlefle moni- 
 ment." 
 
 mind the Legend of St. Wenefrede, to the circumftances of 
 whofe Well this part of his ftory bears fome little refemblance. 
 See the Life and Miracles of St. Wenefrede, Lond. 1713. And 
 more particularly Drayton's defcription, in his Polyolbion, of 
 this fair Virgin ; 
 
 " Whofe waters to this day as perfect are and cleere, 
 " As her delightful! eyes in their full beauties were ; 
 " A Virgin while fhe liu'd ; chafte Winifred : who chofe, 
 " Before her mayden gem fhe forcibly would lofe, 
 " To haue her harmlefle life by the leud rapter fpilt, &c.'* 
 
 Todd. 
 X. 7. That, as a facred fymbole,] So, in his View of Ireland : 
 " The Irifli under Oneal cry, Landerg-abo, that is the bloody- 
 hand, which is Oneals badge." See alfo the next ftanza. That 
 the rebellion of the Oneals is imaged in this epifode, who 
 drank fo deep of the charm and venom of Acrafia, I make no 
 doubt myfelf. Compare Camden's account of the rebellion 
 of the Irilh Oneals. Upton.
 
 CANTO II. THE lAERIE QUEENE. 26? 
 
 XI. 
 
 He bearkned to his reafon ; and the childe 
 Uptakiiig, to the Pahiier gave to beare ; 
 But his lad lathers armeswith blood defilde, 
 An heavie load, himi'elfe did lightly reare ; 
 And turning to that place, in which whyleare 
 He left his loftie fteed with golden fell 
 And goodly gorgeous barbes, him found not 
 
 theare : 
 By other accident, that earft befell. 
 
 He is convaide; but how, or where, here fits 
 
 not tell. 
 
 XII. 
 Which when Sir Guyon faw, all were he wroth, 
 Yet algates mote he foft himfelfe appeafe, 
 And fairely fare on foot, however loth : 
 His double burden did him fore difeafe. 
 So, long they traveiled with litle eafe, 
 Till that at laft they to a Caftle came, 
 
 XI, 6. , Viith golden fell 
 
 And goodlj/ gorgeous barbes,] Sell is faddle, Fr. 
 fclle. And barbe is alio Fr. See Cotgrave, " Barbe, that, part 
 of a horfes nether iaw whereon the curbe doth reft." We may 
 therefore call the poet's barbes, bits or bridles. The expreflion, 
 " barbed fteeds," occurs more than once in Shakfpeare ; and 
 is interpreted, in a general fenfe, " Heeds furnijhed uith armour 
 or warlike trappings." The war-horfe ot romance, however, 
 is particularly noticed for his bridle ; Orlando's horfe, as Mr. 
 Upton has obferved, being called, as well as Sir Guyon's, 
 Brigliadore. Mr. Upton propofes to read bardes ; which, how- 
 ever, appears to be nearly fynonimous (and therefore the 
 change is needlefs) with barbes. See Cotgrave, " Barde, barbed 
 or trapped, as a great horfe." Todd.
 
 268 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK IF. 
 
 Built on a rocke adiojning to the feas : 
 It was an auncient worke of antique fame. 
 And wondrous ftrong by nature and by ikilfuU 
 frame. 
 
 XIII. 
 Therein three Sifters dwelt of fundry fort. 
 The children of one fyre by mothers three ; 
 AVho, dying whylome, did divide this fort 
 To them by equall Ihares in equall fee : 
 But ftryfull mind and diverfe qualitee 
 Drew them in partes, and each made others 
 
 foe : 
 Still did they ftrive and daily difagree ; 
 The eld eft did againft the youngeft goe. 
 And both againft the middeft meant to worken 
 woe. 
 
 XII. 8. fame,] This is the reading of 
 
 Spenfer's fecond edition. He firft readsframe, which Mr. Church 
 follows, but, at the fame time, admits that fame feems to be 
 right, and that auncieitt xcork and antique frame are fynonimous 
 expreflions. He is alfo inclined to think the poet gave, " an 
 antique worke of auncient fame '" as, in his Prothalamion, " An 
 houfe oi auncient fame." Mr. Upton notices the fimilar errour 
 of fame for frame, in F. Q. i. x. 59, and here reads fame. 
 Tonfon's edition of 1738 rightly follows this amendment. 
 
 Todd. 
 
 XIII. 2. The children of one fyre 'by mothers three;] The 
 three different mothers, I interpret from Plato to be thofe three 
 parts, which he appropriates to the foul, Aoyifixr, from whom 
 was born Medina ; and 'S.ln^vy.1^^^y^|, and GvyL-nrim, from whom 
 were born the other two wayward and irov/ard Jijiers. See Plat. 
 Repub. L. iv. p. 439, L- ix. p. 5S0, edit. Steph. Who is the 
 one fyre that ads upon thele three powers of the Soul ? Is it 
 not Mind ? Upton.
 
 CANTO ir. THE FAERIE QUEENE. Q6Q 
 
 XIV. 
 
 Where when the Knight arrived, he was right 
 well 
 Received, as Knight of fo much worth became, 
 Of fecond Sifter, who did far excell 
 The other two ; Medina was her name, 
 A fober fad and comely courteous Dame : 
 Who rich arayd, and yet in modeft guize, 
 In goodly garments that her well became, 
 Fayre marching forth in honorable- wizC, 
 
 Him at the threfhold mett and well did enter- 
 prize. 
 
 XV. 
 
 She led him up into a goodly bowre, 
 
 And comely courted with meet modeftie ; 
 Ne in her fpeach, ne in her haviour. 
 Was lightnelKe feene or loofer vanitie, 
 But gratious womanhood, and gra\ itie. 
 Above the reafon of her youthly yeares : 
 Her golden lockes ftie roundly did uptye 
 
 XIV. 5, A fober fad &c.] See the note on fad andfuber, 
 F. Q. i. xii. 21. Todd. 
 
 XIV. 9. did enterprize.] Fr. Entre- 
 
 prendre, to goe in hand with, Cotgrave. The fenfe of this ob-: 
 folete verb, is therefore (hterally) that Medina ^00^ the Knight 
 b^ the hand, i. e. received him kindly. Todd. 
 
 XV. 6. reafon] Reafon here means proportion. 
 
 Lat. ratio. Her gravity was difproportioned to her youth. 
 
 Church. 
 XV. 7. Her golden lockes fhe roundly did uptye 
 
 In breaded tramels, &c] In woven or plaited 
 diiijions, reprefenting a kind of net-work. Trumel is from the 
 Fr. iramail, a net. The word is applied by Nafh to the hair
 
 S7d THE tAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 In breaded tramels, that no loofer heares 
 Did out of order ftraj about her daintie eares. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 W hileft ftie her felfe thus bufily did frame 
 Seemely to entertaine her new-come guefl, 
 Newes hereof to her other Sifters came, 
 Who all this while were at their wanton reft, 
 Accourting each her frend with lavifh fell : 
 They were two Knights of perelefie puiifaunce. 
 And. famous far abroad for warlike geft. 
 Which to thefe Ladies love did countenaunce, 
 
 And to his Miftrefle each himfelfe ftrove to 
 
 advaunce. 
 
 XVII. 
 He, that made love unto the eldeft Dame, 
 Was hight Sir Huddibras, an hardy man ; 
 Yet not fo good of deedes as great of name, 
 Which he by many ralh adventures wan, 
 Since errant armes to few he firft began. 
 More huge in ilrength then wife in workes 
 
 he was, 
 A nd reafon with foole-hardize over-ran ; 
 
 of a " troupe of virgins," in his Terrors of the Night, 8vo. 
 1594. " Their haire they ware lool'e vnrowled about their 
 fhoulders, whofe dangling amber trammells, reaching downe 
 beneath their knees, feemed to drop baulme on their delicious 
 bodies." Todd. 
 
 XV. 9. daintie] Delicate, or 
 
 elegant. See the note on dainty limbs, F. Q. i. xi. 32. Todd. 
 
 XVI. 7. i warlike geft,] See the note 
 
 onge/?, F. Q. i. x. 15. Todd. 
 
 XVII. 5. few] Vurfm, follow. Church.
 
 CANTO II. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 271 
 
 Sterne melancholy did his courage pas ; 
 And was, for terrour more, all armd in fliyning 
 
 bras. 
 
 XVIII. 
 But he, that lov'd the younged, was Sansloy ; 
 He, that faire Una late fowle o{itraged, 
 The moll unruly and the boldeft boy 
 That ever warlike weapons menaged. 
 And all to lawlefTe lull encouraged 
 Through llrong opinion of his matchlefle 
 
 might ; 
 Ne ought he car'd whom he endamaged 
 By tortious wrong, or whom bereav'd of right ; 
 He, now this Ladies champion, chofe for love 
 
 to fight. 
 ' . XIX. 
 
 Thefe two gay Knights, vowd tofodiverfe loves, 
 Each other does envy with deadly hate. 
 And daily warre againll his foeman moves, 
 In hope to win more favour with his mate. 
 And th' others plealing fervice to abate. 
 To magnifie his owne. But when they heard 
 How in that place llraunge Knight arrived 
 
 late, 
 
 XVII. 9. And was, for terrour more, &c.] He means, And 
 he was, for terrour more, &c. T. Warton. 
 
 XVIII. 2. He, that &c.] See F. Q. i. iii. 33, &c. 
 
 Church. 
 
 XVIII. 8. tortious] Injurious. See the note on tort, 
 
 F. Q. i. xii. 4. The French have alfo tortionnier for extor' 
 tioner. Todd.
 
 27^ TtlE FAERIE QUEEXE. BOOK 11. 
 
 Both Knights and Ladies forth right angry 
 far'd, 
 And fercely unto battell fterne themfelves pre- 
 
 par'd. 
 
 XX. 
 Butj ere they could proceede unto the place 
 Where he abode, themfelves at difcord fell. 
 And cruell combat loynd in middle fpace : 
 With horrible affault, and fury fell, 
 They heapt huge ftrokes the fcorned life to 
 
 quell, 
 That all on uprore from her fettled feat 
 The houfe was rayfd, and all that in did 
 
 dwell ; 
 Seemd that lowde thunder with amazement 
 
 great 
 Did rend the ratling fkyes with flames of foul- 
 
 dring heat. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 The noyfe thereof cald forth that flraunger 
 Knight, 
 To weet what dreadfull thing was there in 
 bond; 
 
 XX. 9. fouldring heat.'] So all the 
 
 editions : But, as thunder is mentioned in the preceding line ; 
 Jbuldritig, that is, thundering, Fr. Jouldrot/ant, is a ufelel's re- 
 petition ; and therefore I incline to think that Spenfer gave, 
 " flames of fmouldring heat." So, in F. Q. i. viii. 9. 
 " Hurles forth his thundring dart with deadly food, 
 " Enrold in flames and /mould ring drerinient.' 
 See alfo F. Q. iii. xi. 21. Church,
 
 CANTO II. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 273 
 
 Where whenas two brave Knightes in bloody 
 
 fight 
 With deadlj rancour he enraunged fond, 
 His funbroad fliield about his wreft he bond, 
 And fliyning blade unflieathd, with which 
 
 he ran 
 Unto that fteadf theit* ftHfe to underftond ; 
 And, at his firll arrivall, them began 
 
 With goodly meanes to pacific, well as he can, 
 
 XXII. 
 
 But they, him fpying, both with greedy forfe 
 Attdnce upon him ran, and him befet 
 With ftrokes of mortall fteele without remorfe,' 
 And on his fliield like yron fledges bet. 
 As when a beare and tygre, being met 
 In eruell fight on Lybicke ocean wide, 
 
 XXt. 5. His funbroad 7?*e/J] Milton, in a paflage of un- 
 rivalled fublimityi equips Michael and Satan with (imilar ftiieldat: 
 
 . " two broad funs \he\r Jiiields 
 
 " Blaz'd oppofite, while Expectation ftood 
 " In horrour !" Todd. 
 
 XXII. 6. on Lybicke ocean wide,'] The pro- 
 priety of the phrafe, Lybicke oeean, will not be perceived by 
 every reader. By it he means the Syrtes. Jortin^. 
 
 The Syrtes are two large quickfahds on the coaft of Africa ; 
 of which the greater is near 4000 miles in Compafs ; the lefler 
 one, almoft half as much. Elfewhere, fpeaking of ^^Ineas's 
 wanderings at fea, the poet calls that part of the Mediterra- 
 nean, which is on the coaft of Africa, " the Lybickyenc/f*,'* 
 F. Q. iii. ix. 41. CnuRcii. 
 
 The Lybicke ocean means thole mounds of fahds in the 
 Libyck deferts, whofe wide and extended plains may be ima- 
 gined an ocean ; and thefe del'art plains are elegantly named 
 by Plutarch, ih the Life of Crafl'us, wfAaytc* t x^S^a, Lond. 
 edit. p. 277. Upton. 
 
 VOL. III. T
 
 274 THE FAEKIE QUEENE. BOOR II. 
 
 Efpye a traveller with feet furbet, 
 Whom they in equall pray hope to divide, 
 They ftint their ft rife and him aiTayle on everie 
 fide. 
 
 XXIII. 
 But he, not^ike a weary traveilere, 
 Their (harp aflfault right boldly did rebut. 
 And fuffred not their blowes to byte him 
 
 nere. 
 But with redoubled buffes them backe did 
 
 put : 
 Whofe grieved mindes, which choler did 
 
 englut, 
 Againft themfelves turning their wrathfuU 
 
 fpight, 
 Gan with new rage their (hieldes to hew and cut. 
 But ftill, when Guyon came to part their fight, 
 With heavie load on him they freftily gan to 
 
 fmight. 
 
 XXII. 7. furbet,] Wearied, or bruifed. 
 
 The word is borrowed from the farmer's phrafeology. See 
 Cotgrave, " A fitrbate, or furbating. Surbatture, &c. The 
 furbating of the feet of cattell. Mefmachure :" Which is in- 
 terpreted, " A wry ftep, or treading ; alfo a wrinch oxjlraine 
 got in a bone or ioynt by fuch treading." Todd. 
 
 XXIII. 1. But he,] Sir Gnyon. Church. 
 
 XXIII. 3. And fuffred not their blo-ves to hyXe him] Again, 
 F. Q. V. xi. 64. " His rebuke which bit her neare." And, in 
 Mother Hubbard's Tale, " Spight bites neare." So Shakfpeare, 
 in As you like it, A. ii. S. 10. 
 
 " Thou bitter flcy, 
 
 " Thou doft not bite fo nigh :" 
 ThzX IS, pierce to the quick. T. Waetok,
 
 CANTO II. THE FAERIE QUEENE. ^75 
 
 XXIV; 
 As a tall iliip tofTed in troublous feas, 
 
 Whom raging windes, threatning to make 
 
 the pray 
 Of the rough rockes, doe diverfly difeafe,. 
 Meetes two contrarie biliowes by tiie way, 
 That her on either fide doe fore allay, 
 And boaft to fwallow her in greedy grave ; 
 Shee, fcorning both their fpights, does make 
 
 wide way. 
 And, with her breft breaking the fomy wave, 
 Does ride on both their backs, and taire herfelf 
 
 doth fave : 
 
 XXV. 
 So boldly he him beares, and rufheth forth 
 Betweene them both, by conduft of his blade. 
 Wondrous great proweile and heroick worth 
 He ibewd that day, and rare enfample made, 
 Whefi two fo mighty warriours he difmade : 
 Attonce he wards and ftrikes ; he takes and 
 
 paies ; 
 Now foril to yield, now forcing to invade ; 
 Before, behind, and round about him laies : 
 So double was his paines, fo double be his praife. 
 
 XXIV. 4. Meetes two contrarie &c.] Contrarie is here ac- 
 cented on the fecond fyllable. This was ufual in our old 
 poetry. See again, ft. 36\ And Habington's Cajlara, l6'35. 
 p. 116'. 
 
 " By vertue of a cleane contr&ry gale." 
 And Milton's Samf. Agon. ver. 972. 
 
 " And with contrary blall &c." Todd. 
 
 T 2
 
 276 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 11. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 Straunge fort of fight, three vaUaunt Knights 
 
 to fee 
 Three combates ioine in one, and to darraine 
 A triple warre with triple enmitee, 
 All for their Ladies frovvard love to gaine, 
 Which, gotten, was but hate. So Love does 
 
 raine 
 In ftouteft minds, and maketh monftrous 
 
 warre ; 
 He maketh warre, he maketh peace againe, 
 And yett his peace is but continual iarre : 
 O miferable men, that to him fubie6l arre ! 
 
 XXVIT. 
 
 Whilft thus they mingled were in furious armes, 
 The faire Medina with her treffes torne 
 And naked breft, in pitty of their harmes, 
 Emongft them ran ; and, falling thembeforne, 
 Befought them by the womb which them had 
 
 born, 
 And by the loves which were to them moft 
 
 deare, 
 
 XXVI. 5. So Love (iocs raine 
 
 Ihjloutcjl v}inds, and maketh monjirous "warrc ; 
 He maketh xcarrcj he maketh peace agahtef] 
 Terent. Eun. A. 1. 
 
 " In amore hrec omnia infant vitia, injuriae, 
 *' Bellum, pax rurfum." 
 And Horat. Serm. ii. iii. 26?. 
 
 " In amore hgec funt mala ; bellum, 
 
 " Pax rurfum." Upton.
 
 CANTO II. THE FAERIE QUEENE. ^'n 
 
 And bj the knighthood which they Aire had 
 
 fworn, 
 Their deadly cruell difcord to forbeare, 
 And to her iuft conditions of faire peace to heare. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 But her two other Sifters, ftanding by, 
 
 Pier lowd gainfaid ; and both their cham- 
 pions bad 
 Purfew the end of their ftrong enmity. 
 As ever of their loves they would be glad : 
 Yet fhe with pitthy words, and counfell fad, 
 Still ftrove their ftubborne rages to revoke; 
 That at the laft, fuppreffmg fury mad. 
 They gan abftaine from dint of direfull 
 ftroke, 
 And hearken to the fober fpeaches which fhe 
 fpoke ; 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 " Ah ! puilTaunt Lords, whatcurfed evill fpright, 
 
 XXVIII. 2. and both their champions had'\ The 
 
 reading of Spenfer's firft edition is her chavtpions. The lecond, 
 reads, " and both their champion bad/' which the foHos adopt. 
 Mr. Upton follows neither, but reads " their champions:" Mr. 
 Church follows the firft, but thinks that Spenfer gave, as Mr. 
 Upton has given, " their champions ;" which he thus interprets : 
 Both of them coinmanded their champiom, &c.-as the champions 
 are fpoken of in the plural number in the third and fourth 
 lines. Hughes, and Tonfon's edit, of 1758, follow the fecond 
 edition and the folios. I have followed the amendment made 
 by Mr. Upton. See the note on " her people," F. Q. ii. x. 28. 
 
 Todd. 
 
 XXVIII. 5. counfeU fad,] Grave 
 
 advice. Church. 
 
 t3
 
 278 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Or fell Erinnys, in 3-our noble harts 
 Her hellifti brond hath kindled with defpight, 
 And ftird you up to worke your wilfull fmarts ? 
 Is this the ioy of armes ? be thefe the parts 
 Of glorious knighthood, after blood to thrufi, 
 And not regard dew right and iuft defarts ? 
 Vaine is the vaunt, and viftory uniuft, 
 That more to mighty hands then rightfuU caufe 
 doth truft. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 " And we're there rightfull caufe of difference, 
 Yet were not better fay re it to accord. 
 Then with blood-guiltineffe to heape offence, 
 And mortal vengeaunce ioyne to crime ab- 
 
 hord ? 
 O ! fly from wrath ; fly, O my liefeft Lord ! 
 Sad be the fights, and bitter fruites of warre, 
 And thoufand furies M^ait on wrathfull fword : 
 Ne ought the praife of prowefle more doth 
 mar re 
 Then fowle revenging rage, and bafe conten- 
 tious iarre. 
 
 XXIX. 6. thruft,] nirji. See 
 
 thrultifnejj'e in the note on tkrijli/, F. Q. i. x. 38. Todd. 
 
 XXX. 5. Lord !] So all the edi- 
 tions. It fiiould be, as in the preceding and following ftanzas. 
 Lords ! Medina is addreifina; herfelf to all the three Knights. 
 
 C HURCH. 
 
 XXX. 7. . fword:] Here Mr. Church 
 
 propofes to follow the folio of l6"79, which reads /words ; and 
 fo Tonfon's edition of 1738 reads. All other editions read 
 /word. Todd.
 
 CAMO II. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 279 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 " But lovely concord, and mod facred peace. 
 Doth nourifti vertue, and faft friendfliip 
 
 breeds ; 
 Weake flie makes flrong, and flrong thing 
 
 does increace, 
 Till it the pitch of higheft praife exceeds : 
 Brave be her warres, and honorable deeds. 
 By which (he triumphes over yre and pride. 
 And winnes an olive girlond for her meeds. 
 Be therefore, O my deare Lords, pacifide. 
 
 And this miffeeming difcord meekely lay afide/* 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 Her gracious words their rancour did appall. 
 And funcke fo deepe into their boyling brefts. 
 That downe they lett their cruell weapons fall. 
 And lowly did abafe their lofty crefts 
 To her faire prefence and difcrete behefts. 
 Then (he began a treaty to procure. 
 And ftablifh terms betwixt both their re- 
 
 quefls. 
 That as a law for ever fliould endure ; 
 
 AYhich to obferve, in word of Knights they did 
 
 alTure. 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 AVhich to confirme, and faft to bind their league. 
 
 After their weary fweat and bloody toile. 
 
 She them befought, during their quiet treague, 
 
 XXXIII, 3. treague,] A truce, or ceffa- 
 
 tion of arms. Itsil. tregua. Germ, trtuga. Upton. 
 
 T 4
 
 280 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK: II, 
 
 Into her lodging to repaire a while, 
 
 To reft themfelves, and grace to reconcile. 
 
 They foone confent : So forth with her they 
 
 fare ; 
 Where they are well receivd, and made to 
 
 fpoile 
 Themfelves of foiled annes, and to prepare 
 Their minds to pleafare, and their mpuths to 
 
 dainty fare. 
 
 XXXIV. 
 
 And thofe two froward Sifters, their faire loves, 
 Came with them eke, all were they wondrous 
 
 loth, 
 And fained cheare, as for the time behoves \ 
 But could not colour yet fo well the troth. 
 But that their natures bad appeard in both ; 
 For both did at their fecond Sifter grutch 
 And inly grieve, as doth an hidden moth 
 The inner garment frett, not th' utter touch; 
 One thought her cheare too litle, th' other 
 
 thought too mutcl]. 
 
 XXXIII. 5. : grace to reconcile.'] To regain 
 
 each other's favour. A Latinii'm. Chuuch. 
 
 XXXIV. 7. as doth an hidden moth 
 
 The inner garment frett,'] He feems to havp 
 
 had his eye o^ PfaL xxxix. 12. " Like as it were a moth fret- 
 ting a garment." T. Warton. 
 
 XXXIV. y. her cheare] Tliis is the reading of 
 
 the firft edition, which both Upton and Church adopt. The 
 iecond reads " their cheare," which the folios and fome lateip 
 editions follow. Todd.
 
 GANTO II. THE FAERIE QUEENE. S8I 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 JLlifTa (fo the eldeft higbt) did deeme 
 
 Such entertainment baie, ne ought would eat, 
 Ne ought would fpeake, but evermore did 
 
 feeme 
 As dilcontent for want of merth or meat ; 
 No folace could her paramour intreat 
 Her once to fhow, ne court, nor dalliaunce ; 
 
 XXXV. 1. Eliffa &c.] 'Tis very apparent to me, that this 
 whole epilode is taken from Ariftotle ; where lie confiders 
 fome of the virtues reduced to practice and habit, and places 
 tiiem between two extremes. Virtue thus placed in the middle, 
 IV lAia-orriTi aya, in Medina; Lat. medium. Ital. mediano, Medina. 
 Her name is plain. MESOTHX ^= ^vo xsckuv, t>5? jAv y.a^' 
 YnEPBOAHN, t55? ^s xar 'eaaEI^IN. Again he fays, h fxiv 
 YnEPBOAH ufjLUfrcinrai, }^ ri EAAEIY12 -^eyerui, to ^e MESON 
 liraivhrca. Here we have the three Jtjleis ; to MESON, ^ MEZO- 
 THS, will be allowed to be Medina ; but how fliall we make 
 YHEPEQAH to be Peri fa and EAAEH'IS to be EliJJ'a ? We will take 
 the moft eafy word tirll, viz. EAAEIYIi;, which the Italians (and 
 Spcnfer italianifes many of his words) would call EliJJe ; fo 
 that we have found Spenfer's EliJJ'a. She is deficient and 
 planting in all good manners ; 
 
 " ne ought would eat 
 
 " Ne ought would fpeak, but evermore did feeme, 
 " As dilcontent for vjant of merth or meat." 
 Jli/perbole, Spenfer thought, would found very odd for a fair 
 Lady's name ; but PeriU'a founds well, and would Vjecome the 
 mouth of an Ilaliau poet. And is not Ihfia-asvuy the fame as 
 vfflEpSaMEii/ ? And IlEfts-o-fi;, qui ultra id quod efe debet, modum eX' 
 fedens ? And is not this the charader of PeriJJ'a ? 
 
 " loofely light, 
 
 '* No meafure in her mood, no rule of right, 
 " But poured out in pleafure and delight " 
 Let me afk now the candid reader, whether I have not fairly 
 made out from Ariftotle thefe three fair Ladies, and plainly 
 fliowed from whence Spenfer took the very names, as well as 
 charaders ? Upton.
 
 282 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK IT. 
 
 But with bent lowring browes, as fhe would 
 
 threat, 
 She fcould, and frownd with froward counte- 
 naunce ; 
 Unworthy of faire Ladies comely governaunce. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 But young PerilTa was of other mynd, 
 
 Full of difport, ftill laughing, loofely light, 
 And quite contrary to her Sifters kynd ; 
 No meafure in her mood, no rule of right. 
 But poured out in pleafure and delight : 
 In wine and meats fhe flowd above the banck, 
 And in excefie exceeded her owne might ; 
 In fumptuous tire flie ioyd her felfe to pranck. 
 
 But of her love too la villi : litle have flie thanck ! 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 Faft by her fide did fttt the bold Sanfloy, 
 Fitt mate for fuch a mincing mineon, 
 
 XXXVI. 3. kynd ;] Nature. See the 
 
 notes on kijiid, F. Q. i. ii. 43. Todd. 
 
 XXXVi. 8. to pranck,] See the note 
 
 on " prancke their rutfes, &c." F. Q. i. iv. 14-. Todd. 
 
 XXXVII. 2. fuch a mincing mineon,] Such an 
 
 affcded xvanion. Fr. Mignon. A minion, wanton, darling, Cot- 
 grave. So Skelton, in his Speake Parrot : 
 
 " I am a minion, to wayt vpon tlie Quene." 
 And, as an adjedive, in the PleaJ'aunte Pathrxaye leadi/nge to 
 an. honcfl hjfc, impr. by N. Hyll, 4to. s. d. Sign. C. iiij. 
 
 " And on his minion harpe full well playe he can :" 
 That is, either his darling, his beloved harp ; or his elegant, his 
 pleafmg harp. See the adjedive mignon in Cotgrave. Mincing 
 was frequently applied to th6 gait, in our old poetry. See the 
 notes on JNIilton's " mincing Dryades," Com. ver. Q6^. And 
 Davifon's Poet. Pi.apjhdic, ed:t. ibll. p. ll*.
 
 CAN'TO II. THE FAERIE QUEENF. 283 
 
 Who in her loofenefle tooke exceeding ioy ; 
 Might not be found a francker franion, 
 Of her leawd parts to make companion. 
 But Huddibras, more hkc a malecontent, 
 Did fee and grieve at his bold fathion ; 
 
 " See how the bride, 
 " Puft vp \viUi pride, 
 
 " Can mince it paffing well ; 
 " She trips on toe, 
 " Full faire to (hew, &c." 
 The phrafc to ynince it, however, appears to have been alfo 
 commonly applied to affeded perfons, to male as well as to 
 female coquets. See Cotgrave, " Mineax, Iqueamifh, quaint, 
 coy, that minces it exceedingly." Such is the fwipcring lady, 
 del'cribed by Shakipeare in K. Lear, 
 
 " That minces virtue, and does (liake the head 
 " To hear of pleafure/s name." 
 And fach the coxcomb in Jonfon's Cynthia's Revels : 
 
 " fome mincing mannofet, 
 
 " Made all of clothes and face." 'J'odd. 
 
 XXX\TI. 4. a francker franion,] So in 
 
 Heywood's Edward IV. 4to. bl. 1. 1600. fign. c. 5, " He's a 
 y/v/;,'A//Y//(?o/2, a merry companion, &c." Todd. 
 
 XXXVn. 6". jnore like a malecontent,] This 
 
 exprefllon maj^ probably be an allufion to the perfons known 
 by the name of Malecontent ; a charafter, frequently nien- 
 tioned in publications during the reigns of I'Llil'abeth and 
 James I, See Barnabie Rich's Faidts, and nothing but Faults^ 
 4to. l6oG, p. 7. " Here comes now the Malecontent, a 
 fmgular fellow, and very formall in all his demeanours ; 
 one that can reprooue the world but with a word, the fol- 
 lies of the people with a flirug ; and, fparing of his fpeach, 
 giueth his anfwer with figns and dumb Ihews, pafmg his Heps 
 with fad and fov.re countenance, as if hee would haue it faide ; 
 Lo, yonder goes the melancholy Gentleman ; fee there Vertue 
 and Wifedome defpifed ; this is the man, that dooth carry a 
 whole common-wealth in his head ; that can manage the af- 
 faires of a ftate, and fitter to be of a princes priuy houfe coun- 
 faile, than the bell ader that euer playd Grauels part at the 
 Theatre." I'ouD.
 
 284 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK It. 
 
 Hardly could he endure his hardiment ; 
 Yett llill he fatt, and inly did himfelfe torment. 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 
 Betwixt them both the faire Medina fate 
 With fober grace and goodly carriage : 
 With equall mealure fhe did moderate 
 The ftrong extremities of their outrage ; 
 That forward paire {he ever would afl'wage, 
 When they would ftrive dew reafon to ex- 
 ceed ; 
 But that fame froward twaine would accorage, 
 And of her plenty adde unto their need : 
 
 So kept fhe them in order, and herfelfe in heed. 
 
 XXXIX. 
 
 Thus fairely Ihee attempered her feaft, 
 And pleafd them all with meete fatiety : 
 At laft, when luft of meat and drinke was 
 
 ceaft, 
 She Guyon deare befought of curtefie 
 To tell from whence he came through ieo- 
 
 pardy, 
 
 XXXVIII. 4. outjage:] With the 
 
 fame French accent as courage is pronounced in the 42d. ft. of 
 the laft canto, and as accorage is to be pronounced in this 
 ftanza. In the 18th ft. of this canto, ouiraged is, however, ac- 
 cented on the firft fyllable. But in thefe and limilar variations 
 of irregular accentuation he imitates Chaucer. Todd. 
 
 XXXVIII. 5. forward] That is, bold. That 
 
 forward paire, i. e. Sandoy and Penfla. Church. 
 
 That foi-ward paire are Sir Hudibras and Sanfloy ; that jTro- 
 ward twaine, the two froward Sifters, Eliffa and Perifta. 
 
 Uptok.
 
 CANTO II. THE FAERIE QUEENE* 285 
 
 And whether now on new adventure bownd: 
 Who with bold grace, and comely gravity, 
 Drawing to him the eies of all arownd, 
 From lofty fiege began thele words aloud to 
 fownd. 
 
 XL. 
 ** This thy demaund, O Lady, doth revive 
 Frelh memory in me of that great Queene, 
 Great and mofl glorious Virgin Queene alive, 
 That with her foveraine power, and fcepter 
 
 {bene, 
 All Faery lond does peaceably fuftene. 
 In widefl ocean die her throne does reare, 
 Tliat over all the earth it may be feene ; 
 As morning funne her beanies difpredden 
 cleare ; 
 And in her face faire peace and mercy doth 
 appeare. 
 
 XLI. 
 In her the richeffe of all heavenly grace 
 In chiefe degree are heaped up on bye : 
 And all, that els this worlds enclofure baca 
 Hath great or glorious in mortall eye, 
 
 XXXIX. 9. From lofty fiege began] Virg. JEn. ii. 2. 
 " lude toro pater ^neas fic orfus ab alto." 
 Which Douglas tranflates, " h\sjege riall." Uptox. 
 
 Siege is feat. Fr. Siege. He ufes the word again, F. Q. ii. 
 vii. 44. And thus Fairfax, B. x. 35. 
 
 " Who thus from loftieftege his pleafure told." 
 
 Church.
 
 285 THE FAERIE QUEENfi. BOOK II. 
 
 Adornes the perfon of her Maieftye ; 
 That men, beholding fo great excellence 
 And rare perfe6lion in mortalitje, 
 Doe her adore with facred reverence, 
 
 As th' Idole of her Makers great magnificence. 
 
 XLII. 
 
 " To her I homage and my fervice owe. 
 
 In number of the nobleft Knightes on ground, 
 Mongft whom on me ihe deigned to beftowe 
 Order of Maydenhead, the moft renownd, 
 That may this day in all the world be found. 
 An yearely folemne feaft ihe wontes to make, 
 The day that firft doth lead the yeare around. 
 To which all Knights of worth and courage 
 bold 
 
 Refort, to heare of ftraunge adventures to be 
 
 told. 
 
 XLIII. 
 
 " There this old Palmer fhewd himfelfe that day, 
 
 And to that mighty PrincefTe did complaine 
 
 Of grievous mifchiefes, which a wicked Fay 
 
 Had wrought, and many whelmd in deadly 
 
 paine. 
 
 Whereof he crav'd redreiTe. IVIy Soveraine, 
 
 XLI. 9- -^s th' Idole] That is, As the image. Lat. idolvm, 
 
 ClIWRCII. 
 
 XLII. 4. Order of Mat/den/tead,] In the hiftorical allufion, 
 Order of the Garter. Prefently after, " An yearly folemn 
 feaft :" Confult our poet's letter to Sir W. Raleigh. Upton. 
 
 XLII. 6. to make] So all the 
 
 editions. The rhyme requires " to hold." C'liuucii.
 
 CANTO II. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 287 
 
 Whofe glory is in gracious deeds, and iojes 
 Throughout the world her mercy to main- 
 
 taine, 
 Eftfoones devifd redreflfe for fuch annoyes : 
 Me, all unfitt for fo great purpofe, ihe employes. 
 
 XLIV. 
 " Now hath faire Phebe with her lilver face 
 Thrife feene the (hadowes of the neather 
 
 world, 
 Sith laft I left that honorable place. 
 In which her roiall prei'ence is entrold ; 
 Ne ever (hall I reft in houfe nor hold, 
 Till I that falfe Acrafia have wonne ; 
 Of whofe fowledeedes, too hideous to bee told, 
 I wdtnefTe am, and this their wretched fonne 
 Whofe wofull parents fhe hath wickedly for- 
 donne." 
 
 XLV. 
 " Tell on, fayre Sir," faid (lie, " that dolefuU tale, 
 
 XLIV. 4. entrold;] So the firft edition; 
 
 the fecond, the folios, and Hughes, read introld; the edition 
 of 1751, inrold. It fliould be enrold, that is, encircled. 
 
 Church. 
 
 Mr. Upton reads enrold; and Tonfon's edition of 1758, 
 inrold. Dr. Johnfon has not admitted entrol or introl into his 
 Dictionary ; nor has the word found a place in the Supple- 
 ment to that Dictionary, publilhed by Mr. Mafon in 1801. Mr. 
 Warton, I fliould add, reads, in citing part of this ftanza, enrold, 
 Spenfer's own word, therefore, feems to be confidered as an 
 errour of the prefs. It is remarkable, however, that an errour 
 fliould be varied in its fpelling, and yet be neglected in regard 
 to the meaning of the word. Todd. 
 
 XLIV. 8. and this their wretched fonne ,] Pointing 
 
 to the babe with the bloody hand. Upton.
 
 288 tHE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK tt: 
 
 From which fad ruth does feeme you to re* 
 
 ftraine, 
 That we may pitty fuch unhappie bale, 
 And learne from Pleafures poyfon to abftaine i 
 lUj by enfample, good doth often gayne/' 
 Then forward he his purpofe gan purfew, 
 And told the ftory of the mortall payne^ 
 AVhich Mordant and Amavia did rew ; 
 
 As, with lamenting eyes, himfelfe did lately vew^ 
 
 XLVL 
 
 Night was far fpent ; and now in ocean deep 
 Orion, flying fall from hiffmg Snake, 
 His flaming head did haften for to fteepj 
 When of his pitteous tale he end did make : 
 Whilfl: with delight of that he wifely fpake 
 Thofe gueiles beguyled did beguyle their eyes 
 Of kindly fleepe, that did them overtake^ 
 At lafl;, when they had markt the chaunged 
 flcyes. 
 
 They w ift their houre was fpent ; then each to 
 reft him hyes. 
 
 XLV. 6. Then &c.] He then continued his difcouffe. See 
 F. Q. i. ii. 30. So Milton, Par. L. B. viii. 337. " And gra- 
 cious J9rpq/e thus renew'd." Church. 
 
 XLVI. 2. Orion, &c.] The conftellation of Orion fets 
 when that of the Scorpion rifes. Church. 
 
 XLVI. 5. Whiljl with delight of that he wifely fpahe 
 
 Thofe gveftes beguyled &c.] In Horn. Odyf. A, 
 when UlyfTes had related his travels, the poet adds : 
 
 fi? i^xT' ol ^ afx irctiliC a,y.-fit s;ivoio Cia/Kr,' 
 K^ijc^ J tff-^oi'.o Koiioi, fjt-gyxfx CKti-vlec. JoRTIN^.
 
 CANTO III. THE FAERIE QUEENE. S9^ 
 
 CANTO III. 
 
 Vahie Braggadocchio, getting Guy- 
 
 071S horfe^ is made thefcorne 
 Of knighthood trezo ; and is offayrc 
 
 Belphodbefoxvleforlorne. 
 
 I. 
 SOONE as the morrow fayre with purple 
 
 beames 
 Difperft the ihadowes of the mifty night, 
 And Titan, playing on the eaftern flreames, 
 Gan cleare the deawy ay re with fpringing 
 
 light ; 
 Sir Guyon, mindfull of his vow yplight, 
 Uprofe from drowhe couch, and him addreft 
 Unto the iourney which he had behight : 
 
 I. I. Soone as the morrow fayre with purple beames 
 
 Dijperjl thejhadowes &c.] So again, in F. Q. v. x. 1^. 
 *' The morrow next appeared vvitii purple haire 
 " Yet dropping frelh out of the Indian fount." 
 Spenfer literally follows Virgil, lEn. vi. 6"40. 
 
 " Largior hie campos Kther, & lumine veftit 
 " Pur pur eo: " 
 "With a purple light, i. e. with a bright, brilliant light. And 
 this exprefiion Statins applies to the morrow fayre, Theb, 
 iii. 440. 
 
 " Tertia jam nitidum terris Aurora deifque 
 " Purpurea vehit ore diem." Upton. 
 
 I. 7. behight :] Promifed, See the 
 
 note on hight, F. Q. i. iv. 3. Todd, 
 
 VOL. III. U
 
 2^90 tHE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK IT.' 
 
 His puiffant armes about his noble breft, 
 And many-folded fhieid he bound about his 
 wreft. 
 
 ir. 
 Then, taking conge of that Virgin pure, 
 The blood3-handed Babe unto her truth 
 
 I. Q. And many-foldeAJhiehl] An idea of the many-folded 
 fliields, which were formerly in ufe, may be gathered from a 
 curious writer on the fubjed. " Our Saxon anceftors," fays 
 he, *' vfed Jhields of Jlcin, amoiig whom for that the artificer 
 put fheep-fells to that purpofe, the great Athelftan, king of 
 England, vtterly forbad by a lawe fuch deceit, as in the 
 printed booke of Saxon lawes is extant to bee feene. With 
 this vfage of agglewing or faftning hard tanned hides for de- 
 fenfe, agrees their etymologic, who derive./cw</w, the Latin of 
 a fhieid, from the Greeke word 2K.YTOS, a.Jkinn :" And pre- 
 fently after the writer defcribes the many-folded fhieid of the 
 Duke of Lancafter, hung up in old St, Paul's cathedral : " It 
 is very convex toward the loearer, whether by warping through 
 age, or as made of purpofe. It hath in dimenfion more then 
 three quarters of ^ yeard of length, and aboue half a yeard in 
 breadth. Next to the body is a canuas glew'd to a boord ; 
 vpon that thin boord are broad thin axicles, flices, or plates of 
 home, naild fail; and againe ouer them twenty and fixe thicke 
 peeces of the like, all meeting or centring about a round plate 
 of the fame in the nauell of the flieild ; and ouer all is a leather 
 clozed faft to thern with glew or other holding ftuffe, vppon 
 which his armories were painted, &c." Bolton's Elements of 
 Armories, 4to. 1()10, pp, 66-70. Todd. 
 
 II. 1. Then taking conge of that Virgin] Taking leate of 
 Me din a . C 1 1 u R c li . 
 
 II. 2. nnto her truth] Mr. Upton here 
 
 again contends that truth has changed place with I'uth. See 
 the note on F, Q. i, vi. 12. Sir Guyon, he fays, committed the 
 bloody-hianded Babe to the ruth, the pity and compalTionate 
 care, of Medina : and defired her, that, as foon as he canje 
 to riper yeafs, he might, for memory of that day's truth, the 
 true tranfadions of that day, be called Ruddymane ; his name 
 alluding to, and proving, the truth of the ftory. But what dif- 
 ficulty is there in the genuine reading ? In my opinion, none, 
 &ir Guyon coajnjits the Bab^ to the truth, the fiucerity, of ^U>
 
 CANTO III. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 291 
 
 Did earneftly committ, and her coniure 
 In vertuous lore to traine his tender youth, 
 And all that gentle noriture enfu'th ; 
 And that, fo foone as ryper yeares he raught, 
 He might, for memory of that dayes ruth, 
 Be called Ruddymane ; and thereby taught 
 
 T' avenge his parents death on them that had 
 it wrought. 
 
 III. 
 
 So forth he far'd, as now befell, on foot, 
 
 Sith his good fteed is lately from him gone ; 
 Patience perforce : helplelTe what may it boot 
 To frett for anger, or for griefe to mone ? 
 His Palmer now fhall foot no more alone. 
 So fortune wrought, as under greene woodes 
 
 fyde 
 He lately heard that dying Lady grone, 
 
 (Una ; and defires that he may, in memory of that day's ruth, 
 the lamentable tranfadious of that day, be called Ruddymane. 
 
 Todd. 
 III. 3. Patience perforce :] The whole proverb is, Patience 
 perforce is a medicine Jor a mad dog. Upton. 
 
 Mr. Church has alfo here cited, from Ray, this proverb ; 
 but, it nmft be obferved, the words is a medicine &c. are the 
 glofs or interpretation of the proverb-colleclor. The proverb 
 is fmiply Patience Perforce. See " Adagia Scotica, or, a col- 
 ledion of Scotch Proverbs, &c. l6'68." 12mo. p. 43. And 
 thus indeed it had been employed by Shakfpeare in Romeo 
 and Juliet : 
 
 *' Patience perforce, with wilful choler meeting, 
 " Makes my fleHi tremble in their difference." 
 So, in Sir David Lyndefay's Complaint : 
 
 " That time I micht mak na defence, 
 *' Vtuitwke. perforce m patience." Todd. 
 
 U %
 
 292 ti5e faerie queene. book h. 
 
 He left his fteed without, and fpeare befyde, 
 And ruihed in on foot to ayd her ere Ihe dyde. 
 
 iv. 
 The whyles a Lofell wandring by the way, 
 One that to bountie never call; his mynd, 
 Ne thought of honour ever did aflay 
 His bafer breil, but in his keftrell kynd 
 A pleafing vaine of glory he did fynd, 
 To which his flowing toung and troublous 
 
 fpright 
 Gave him great ayd, and made him more in- 
 
 clynd ; 
 He, that brave deed there finding ready 
 dight, 
 Purloynd both fteed and fpeare, and ran away 
 full hght. 
 
 III. 8. and fpeare befi/de,} See the note on 
 
 F. Q. i. i. 11. Church. 
 
 IV. 1. a Lofell] A loofc, good-for-nothing fel- 
 low, as the poet explains it in the next line. Lye makes it of 
 the fame fignification with lorell. CnuiicH. 
 
 IV. 2. boimtie] GoodneJ's, Ft. Bontc. Chukcii. 
 
 IV. 4'. in his keftrell kpid] In his bafe kind, 
 
 or nature. Kcjtrdl is a baftard kind of hawk. See Skinner. 
 
 Upton. 
 
 IV. 5. A pleafing vaine of glory he didfi/nd,] This is the 
 reading of the firft edition ; which Hughes's fecond edition, 
 Upton, Church, and Tonfon's edit, of J 758, follow. Spenfer's 
 lecond edition reads, " A pleafmg vaine of glory raine did 
 fynd;" to which the folios, Hughes's firft edition, and the edit, 
 of 1751, adhere. Such a jingle, however, is here fo extremely 
 difpleafing, that we may at Icaft be juftified in preferring the 
 original reading, although indeed tlie pronoun he is certainly 
 pkonaftick. Todd.
 
 Canto tri. the faerie queene. 295 
 
 V. . 
 
 Now gan his hart all fwell in iolhty, 
 
 And of himlelfe great hope and help con- 
 ceived, 
 That puffed up with fmoke of vanity, 
 And with felfe-loved perfonage deceiv'd, 
 He gan to hope of men to be receiv'd 
 For fiich, as he him thought, or faine would 
 
 bee : 
 But for in Court gay portaunce he perceiv'd, 
 And gallant ihew to be in greateft gree, 
 Kftfoones to Court he cad t' advaunce his firft 
 degree. 
 
 VI. 
 And by the way he chaunced to efpy ^ 
 
 One fitting ydle on a funny banck, 
 To whom avaunting in great bravery, 
 
 V. 7. But for] And becaufe. CnuRCir. 
 
 V. 8. ' in greatejl gree,] In greateft efii- 
 
 mation or liking. See the note on gree, V. Q. i. v. l6". Todd. 
 
 VI. 3. avaunting] I don't think our poet wrote 
 advauncing, or avancing, from the Fr. avancer ; but avaunting 
 from vanter,fe vanter ; vanteur, a boafter, a hraggadochio. So 
 that the pafTage alludes to the very man ; which is elegant. 
 The a is added as ufual in the Englifli tongue; and the meaning 
 is, To whom proudly boafting himfelf, or fhowing himfelf in a 
 boafting manner ; his aftions befpeaking the man. And, what 
 is much more to our purpole in explaining Spenfer, Chaucer 
 ufes avaunt, to boaft, in ieveral places ; and avaunting in the 
 Reves Prol. 776. And Gower, ibl. xxi. " The vice cleped 
 avattntice," \\z.jaciantia. Upton. 
 
 Avaunting is exactly applicable to the peacock's gait, and is 
 therefore judicioufly applied to the coxcomb of whom the bird 
 is an emblem. Compare Svlvefter's Du Ba/tas, edit. j6'21. 
 p. 109. 
 
 V 3
 
 294 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 11. 
 
 As peacocke that his painted plumes doth 
 
 pranck, 
 He fmote his courfer in the trembhng flanck. 
 And to him threatnedhis hart-thrilhngfpeare: 
 The feely man, feeing him ryde fo ranck 
 And ayme at him, fell flat to ground for 
 
 feare, 
 And crying, " Mercy ,*^ loud, his pitious handes 
 
 gan reare. 
 
 VII. 
 
 Thereat the Scarcrow wexed wondrous prowd, 
 Through fortune of his firft adventure fayre, 
 And with big thundring voice revyld him 
 lowd ; 
 
 j^ " Vile caytive, vaflall of dread and defpayre^ 
 Unworthie of the commune breathed ayre, 
 Why livefl thou, dead dog, a lenger day, 
 
 *" There, the fair peacock, beautifully braucy 
 ** Proud, portly-jtrouting, ftalking, &c." 
 Or rather the original French : 
 
 " La le paon eftoile, Tnagnifiquement braue, 
 " Piafard, arrogant, d' vne defmarche graue 
 " Fait parade, ^c." Todd. 
 
 VI. 7. ryde fo ranck] That is, ride fo 
 
 Jiercely. So, in F. Q. iv. v. 33. 
 
 " They heard the found 
 
 " Of many yron hammers beating raiike " 
 And fo Fairfax, C. iii. 18. 
 
 " Say, who is he (howes fo great worthineffe, 
 " That rides fo ranke." Church. 
 VIT. 6. Why liveji thou, dead dog, a lenger day,] This was 
 y SL term of ignominy among the Jews. I Sam. xxiv. 14. " After 
 
 whom is the King of ffrael come out ? After whom doft thou 
 purfue ? AftPr a dead dog f" See alfo II Satn. ix. 8, II Sam. 
 ^ xvi. 9' Upton.
 
 CANTO Itl. THE FAERIE QUEENE. S9^ 
 
 And doeft not unto death thy felfe prepayre ? 
 
 Dy, or thylelfe my captive yield for ay : 
 
 Great favour I thee graunt for aunfwere thus 
 
 to ftay/' 
 
 VIII. 
 
 " Hold, O deare Lord, hold your dead-doing 
 
 hand," 
 Then loud he cryde, " I am your humble 
 
 thrall/' 
 " Ah wretch,^' quoth he, " thy deftinies wilh- 
 
 itand 
 My wrathfull will, and doe for mercy call. 
 I give thee life ; Therefore proftr^ted fall, 
 And kiffe my ftirrup ; that thy homage bee." 
 The Mifer threw himfelfe, as an offall, 
 Streight at his foot in bafe humilitee. 
 And cleeped him his liege, to hold of hint iii fee. 
 
 IX. 
 So happy peace they made and faire accord. 
 Eftfoones this Liegeman gan to wexe more 
 
 bold. 
 And, when he felt the folly of his Lord, 
 In his owne kind he gan himfelfe unfold : 
 For he was wylie witted, and growne old 
 In cunning fleightes and praftick knaver3% 
 
 VIII. 1, hold 1/onr deB.d-doitig hand,] Tbiris 
 
 from Homel: //. a. 317, \''. 18. *AyJj)o(pova? %6foi<. Upton. 
 
 VIII. 7. The mifer] See the note on humble mifcrs &c. F, 
 Q. ii. i. 8. Church. 
 
 r 4
 
 296 THE FAERIE QUEEN^E. BOOk II. 
 
 From that day forth he caft for to uphold 
 His ydle humour with fine flattery, 
 
 And blow the bellowes to his fweUing vanity. 
 
 X. 
 Trompart, fitt man for Braggadochio 
 
 To ferve at Court in view of vaunting eye ; 
 Vaine-glorious man, when fluttringwind does 
 
 blow 
 In his light winges, is lifted up to ikye ; 
 The fcorne of knighthood and trevv chevalrj^e, 
 To thinke, without defert of gentle deed 
 And noble worth, to be advaunced bye ; 
 Such prayfe is ihame; but honour, vertues 
 meed, 
 
 Doth beare the fayreft flowre in honourable feed. 
 
 XI. 
 
 So forth they pas, a well conforted payre, 
 Till that at length with Archimage they meet : 
 Who feeing one, that flione in armour fayre, 
 
 IX- 8. His] BraggadocMo's. Church. 
 
 XI. 3. JVho feei?ig o?te &c.] Braggadochio had juft before 
 ftolen Guyon's horfe and (pear. The poet here drefles him in 
 armour, though he leaves us at a lofs to guefs how he came by 
 it, and though afterwards he reprefents him as unarni'd. The 
 fame fort of obfervation might be made on feveral places of this 
 poem. JoRTiN. 
 
 With refped to this particular of the armour, it fliould feem 
 that the proper time to have cleared up that circumftance 
 would have been (B. v. C. lii. ft. 37.) where Braggadochio is 
 deteded by Sir Giiyon, and difarm'd. I don't remember that 
 he is any where reprefentcd as unarm' d. However, as the poem 
 is imperfeft and had not the author's finiftiing hand, candour 
 requires that all favourable allowances fhould be made for any 
 little flips of the memory. C u u r c h .
 
 CANTO III. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 297 
 
 On goodly courfer thondring with his feet, 
 Eftfoones fuppofed him a perfon meet 
 Of his revenge to make the inftrument : 
 For fmce the Redcrofle Knight he erft did 
 
 wieet . . 
 
 To been with Guyon knitt in '6rt^ tf6h'feht, 
 The ill, which earft to him, he now to Guyon 
 
 ment. 
 
 XII. ; V 
 
 And comming clofe to Trompart gan inquere 
 Of him, what mightie warriour that mote bee. 
 That rode in golden fell with iingle fpere, 
 But w^anted fword to wreake his enmitee. 
 " He is a great adventurer,'' faid he, 
 " That hath his fword through hard aflay 
 
 forgone. 
 And now hath vowd, till he avenged bee 
 Of that defpight, never to wearen none; 
 That ipeafe is him enough to doen a thoufand 
 grone/' 
 
 H'iffl J : 
 
 XII. 6. That hath his fword through hard aflay forgone,] 
 Hath loji his fword in a dangerous enterprife. The expreflloa 
 hard ajj'ay or ajjays is common in Spenfer, and has been adopted 
 by Milton in Comus, ver. 972, where fee the note. Chaucer 
 ufes it, Rom. H. 4350. 
 
 " But Love is of fo hard ajaie." Todd. 
 
 XTI. 9- Thht fpeare is him enough &c,] That fpeare is fuf- 
 ficient for him to caufe a thoufand to groan. The Knights in 
 romance-Writers often make fuch vows, as this bragging Knight 
 is here fuppofed to have made; and the poet's putting this ro- 
 "mantick vow in the mouth of this Knight, feems fuch a kind of 
 iittitatiqn as carries with it a, degree of farcafm. Perreau fwore
 
 2P8 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK If^ 
 
 XIII. 
 
 Th* Enchaunter greatly ioyed in the vaunt, 
 And weened well ere long his will to win, 
 
 [ And both his foen with equall foyle to daunt: 
 Tho to him louting lowly did begin 
 To plaine of w ronges, which had committed bin 
 By Guyon, and by that falfe Redcrofle 
 
 Knight ; 
 Which two, through treafon and deceiptfull 
 
 Had flayne Sir Mordant and his Lady bright : 
 That mote him honour win, to wreak fo tbule 
 defpight. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 Therewith all fuddeinly he feemd enrag'd, 
 And threatned death with dreadfull counte- 
 
 naunce. 
 As if their lives had in his hand beene gag'd ; 
 And with ftiffe force fhaking his mortall 
 
 launce. 
 To let him weet his doughtie valiaunce. 
 
 that he would wear no helmet, but that which Orlando wore, 
 Arioft. C. xii. 30, 31. Mandricard, who was only armed with 
 a fpear, fwore that he would wield no fword but Orlando's, 
 Arioft. C. xiii. 43, C. xxiii, 78. Uptox. 
 
 XIII. 4. louting lowly] See the note on 
 
 louting low, F. Q. i. i. 30. Todd. 
 
 XIII. 7. gin,] Engine, or plot. See 
 
 the note on gin, F. Q. iii. vii. 7- Todd, 
 
 XIV. 5. - valiaunce,] Valour. Fr. 
 
 Vaillance, Upton.
 
 CANTO Iir. THE FAERIE QUEENE. (299 
 
 Thus faid ; " Old man, great fure fhal be 
 
 thy meed, 
 If, where thofe Knights for feare of dew ven- 
 
 gea6nce 
 Doe lurke, thou certeinly to mee areed. 
 That I may wreake on them their hainous 
 
 hateful deed." 
 
 XV. 
 
 " Certes, my Lord," faid he, " that fliall I 
 
 foone, 
 And give you eke good helpe to their decay. 
 But mote I wifely you advife to doon ; 
 Give no ods to your foes, but doe purvay 
 Yourfelfe of fword before that bloody day ; 
 (For they be two the pro weft Knights qu 
 
 grownd. 
 And oft approv'd in many hard aflay ;) 
 And eke of fureft fteele, that may be fownd, 
 Do arme yourfelfe againft that day, them to 
 
 confownd." 
 
 XV. 3. But &c.] That is, But I would advife you to aft 
 ivifely, i. e, conjideratdi/. Lat. confulto. So, in F. Q. i. i. 33. 
 
 ' " The way to win 
 
 " Is ivifely to advife." 
 And F. Q. vi, viii. 23. 
 
 " The infant harkned wifely to her tale." Church. 
 XV. 8. And eke offurejijieele,] If the reader is not inat- 
 tentive, he might imagine Spenfer has forgot himfelf. Bragga- 
 dochio was drelfed mjhimng armor faire, ft. 11, meer fliow, but 
 of no fervice : He had neither fword nor ftiieid ; but had ftolen 
 Sif Guyon's horfe and fpear: Archimago therefore tells him 
 to provide thefe, and to get armour of better proof, of fureji 
 Jieele, if he would attack fuch Knights a& Sir Guyon and the 
 Redcroffe Kuidit. Upxoy.
 
 300 *HE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II 
 
 XVI. 
 
 " Dotard," faide he, " let be thy deepe advife ; 
 Seemes that through many yeares thy wits 
 
 thee faile, 
 And that weake eld hath left thee nothing 
 
 wife, 
 Els nev er Ihould thy iudgement be fo frayle 
 To meafure manhood by the fword or mayle. 
 Is not enough fowre quarters of a man, 
 Withouten fword or {hield,anhofte to quayle ? 
 Thou litle woteft that this right-hand can : 
 Speake they, which have beheld the battailes 
 which it wan." 
 
 XVII. 
 The man w as much abalhed at his boall ; 
 Yet well he wift that whofo would contend 
 With either of thofe Knightes on even coaft, 
 Should neede of all his armes him to defend ; 
 Yet feared leaft his boldnelTe ihould offend : 
 When Braggadocchio faide ; " Once I did 
 
 fweare, 
 AYhen with one fword feven Knightes I 
 brought to end, 
 
 XVI. 1. let be] A-waywith. Church. 
 
 XVJI. 7- When with 'je/tw>rrf feven Knightes 7 AroMgA^/oenrf,] 
 Braggadochio bears, in this refpecl, a relemblance to the blul- 
 tering knight of Shakfpeare. But we forget Jack's cowardice 
 in his humour. " Thefe four," fays Falftatt", " came all a-front, 
 and mainly thruft at me ; I made no more ado, but took all 
 their ytt/frt points in my target, thus. P. Hen. Sevai? why
 
 GANTO III. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 301 
 
 ^'henceforth in battaile never fword to bearc. 
 But it were that which nobleft Knight on earth 
 doth weare/^ 
 
 XVIII. 
 '' Perdj, Sir Knight," faide then th*Enchaunter 
 bUve, 
 " That Ihall I fliortly purchafe to your bond : 
 For now the bell and nobleft Knight ahve 
 Prince Arthur is, that wonnes in Faerie lond ; 
 He hath a fword, that flames like burning 
 brond : 
 
 there were but four, even now. Fal. In buckram. PoiNS. Ay, 
 four in buckram fuits. Fal. Seven, by thefe hilts, or I am a 
 villain elj'e." In the time of Shakfpeare thefe fwaggerers ap- 
 pear to have been no uncommon chara<^ter. A defcription of 
 them may not be thought inappofite to the illuftration both of 
 Spenfer and Shakfpeare. " But fee now, here comes a foul- 
 dier; for my life, it is Captaine Sxvag : 'tis euen he indeede, I 
 do knowe him by his plume and fcarffe ; he looks like a Mo- 
 nercho, of a very cholericke complexion, and as teafty as a 
 goofe thai hath yong goflings, yet very eafie to pleafe but with 
 a handfuU of oates. He lookes like Haniball, the great cap- 
 taine of Carthage ; and good reafon too ; for hee that fliould 
 but heare his table-talke, and how he will difcourfe among ig- 
 norant company, would think that the Nine Worthies were but 
 fooles in comparifon of his worth : He will talke of more pro- 
 portions of battels than euer Langius, Vigetias, or Machiauell 
 did know of. He will atchieue greater victories, but fitting at 
 a dinner or a fupper, than euer did Alexander, when he con- 
 quered the whole world. And he will difcourfe of greater ex- 
 ploits, and more haughtie attempts, than euer were performed 
 before Troy !" Barnabie Rich's Faults, and nothing but Faults, 
 4to. 1606, fol. 12. Compare alfo the l6th and 38th ftanzas of 
 this canto. Todd, 
 
 XVIII. 1. blive,] Pre/e%, the fame 
 
 as bilive ; an adverb of frequent occurrence in our old poetry. 
 The abbreviation blive alfo is to be found in Bevis of Hampton. 
 
 Todd.
 
 302 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II, 
 
 The fame, hy my device, I undertake 
 -^^ Shall by to morrow by thy fide be fond." 
 At which bold word that Boafter gan to 
 quake. 
 And wondred in his minde what mote that 
 monfter make. 
 
 XIX. 
 He ftayd not for more bidding, but away 
 Was fuddein vaniihed out of his fight : 
 The northerne winde his wings did broad 
 difplay 
 . At his commaund, and reared him up light 
 From off the earth to take his aerie flight. 
 They lookt about, but no where could efpye 
 Tra6l of his foot ; then dead through great 
 
 affright 
 They both nigh were, and each bad other fl}' e : 
 Both fled attonce, ne ever backe retounied eye; 
 
 XX. 
 
 Till that they come unto a forreft greene. 
 In which they flirowd themfelves from caufe- 
 les feare ; 
 
 XVIII. g. And xvondrcd in his mindc wlial mote that monfter 
 make.] Not perhaps what that vwnjhr Archimago might make 
 ofit; but, ufing monfter according to the Latin idiom, he may 
 mean, " and he wondered in his mind ivhat vnght occafion that 
 prodigy or prodigious appearance," viz. Archimago's bold Avord, 
 and the confequence ofit, his miraculous vanilhing away. 
 
 Uptox. 
 
 XIX. 1. He] Archimago. Chuucii.
 
 CANTO Til. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 303 
 
 Yet feare them foUowes ftill, where fo they 
 
 beene : 
 Each trembling leafe and whiftUng wind 
 
 they heare, 
 As ghaitly bug, does greatly them afFeare : 
 Yet both doe itrive their fearefulnefTe to faine. 
 At laft they heard a home that (lirilled cleare 
 
 XX. 3. Yet feare them followes &c.] See the note on F. 
 Q. i. ix. 21. Todd. 
 
 XX. 4. Each trembling leafe &c.] Adopted from the Book 
 of God, m which the panick of the difobedient is thus finely 
 defcribed : " The found of a Jhaken leaf fhall chafe them," 
 l.cv. xxvi, 36. By the fubfequent expreflion, whijlling wind, the 
 poet feems to have had in view alfo that mod imprellive account 
 of the fears, with which the guilty Egyptians were affected, at 
 every thing which ftirred ; whether terrible in itfelf, or fancied 
 fo by them ; " whether it were a whijlling wind, or a melodious 
 uoife of birds &c." IVifdom of Sol. Ch. xvii. 18. Todd. 
 
 XX. 5. As ghajlly bug, docs greatly them affeare ;] The 
 firft edition reads, " does unto them affeare;" which is cor- 
 rected in the Errata greatly. The fecond edition, inftead of 
 this perfpicuous emendation, reads 
 
 " As ghaftly bug their haire on end does reare :" 
 "Which alteration is admitted into every fubfequent edition, ex- 
 cept thofe of Church and Upton ; in which the original 
 emended reading is reitored. That Shakfpeare alfo preferred 
 this reading, is manifeft in the following fimilai phrafeolog)-, 
 K- Hen. VJ. P. i, 
 
 " For Warwick was a bug ihzXfcar'd us all :" 
 That is, a monjler that frighted us all. Bug is a common 
 word, in our old poetry, for any frightful appearance. And, 
 in the ancient Englifh verfjon of the <)lfl Pfalm, " the terrour 
 by night" is rendered " the itf^^g'e by night." Todd. "^ 
 
 XX. 7. that fhrilled cleare] Mr. Upton 
 
 propofes to read " yfhrilled cleare;" being perfuaded that 
 Jhrilled is an errour of the fame kind with that mounted for 
 ymounted, already noticed, F. Q. i. ii. 29, He ftrengthens his pro- 
 pofition alfo by the following line m.Colin Clouts come home again: 
 
 " Whofe pleafing found yjltrilled far about :" 
 Still, however, no obfcurity is occafioned by the reading that 
 Jhrilled, Todd. 
 
 "
 
 304* THE EAEllIE QUEEXE. BOOK II. 
 
 Throughout the wood that ecchoed againe, 
 And made the forrefl ring, as it would rive in 
 twaine. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 Eft through the thicke they heard one rudely 
 rufti ; 
 With noyfe whereof he from his loftie fteed 
 Downe fell to ground, and crept into a bufli, 
 To hide li's coward head from dying dreed. 
 But Trompart ftoutly ftayd to taken heed 
 Of what might hap. Eftfoone there ftepped 
 
 foorth 
 A goodly Ladie clad in hunters weed, 
 That feemd to be a woman of great worth. 
 
 And by her (lately portance borne of heavenly 
 
 birth. 
 
 XXII. 
 Her face fo faire, as flefh it feemed not, 
 
 But hevenly pourtrai6l of bright angels hew, 
 Cleare as the (kye, withouten blame or blot, 
 
 XXI. 1. Eft] Afterwards. See the note on eft, F. Q. i. 
 ix. 25. Church. 
 
 Ibid. the thicke] Thicket. See the note 
 
 on thicke, F. Q. ii. i. 39. Todd. 
 
 XXI. 3. Dowiefell to ground, and crept info a bvjli, ] This 
 ludicrous image of a coward is perhaps taken from the cha- 
 rader of the coward Dametas in his favourite Sidney's Arcadia^ 
 p. 70 ; who creeps into a bu(h to hide his head from danger. 
 
 Upton. 
 
 XXI. 9, portance] Comportment, Cdirriage, 
 
 Ital. portajnento. See alfo ft. 5. Upton. 
 
 XXII. 3. withouten blame or blot, &:c.] Withouten 
 
 blame, ay-v^uv, one of Homer's epithets. He feems to have
 
 CANTO III. THE FAERIE QUEENEi 305 
 
 Through goodly mixture of cohiplexions dew ; 
 And in her cheekes the vermeill red did fhew 
 Like rofes in a bed of hlHes fhed, 
 The which ambrofiall odours from them threw. 
 And gazers fence with double pleafure fed, 
 Hable to heale the ficke and to revive the ded. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 In her faire eyes two living lamps did flame. 
 Kindled above at th' Hevenly Makers light. 
 And darted fyrie beames out of the fame, 
 So pafling perfantj and fo wondrous bright. 
 That quite bereav'd the rafh beholders light : 
 In them the blinded god his luftfull fyre 
 
 h:s eye on Solomon's Song, whilft he is charaderifing his royal 
 miftrefs. Would he have us too interpret myftically, as divines 
 interpret ? " Thou art all fair, there is no Ipot in thee," Ch. 
 iv. 7- He fays, in her cheeks the vermeill red did Jheiv like "^ 
 rofes in a bed of lilties fhed. " I am the role of Sharon, and -^ 
 the lilly of the valle}^" Ch. ii. 1. " My beloved is white and 
 ruddy/VCh. v.Ja^c>See alfo Ovid, Am. L. 2. E. 5. /'^,;o ^ / 
 
 " Qualer&fe^fulgent inter fua lilia miftae :" ^ ~ - - - 
 And Ariofto, C. vii. HT ""^ 
 
 *' Spargeafi per la guancia delicata 
 
 " Mifto color di rofe, e di ligullri." Upton. 
 The lady Jofian is defcribed, and not inelegantly, with this 
 " goodly mixture of complexions dew," the red and white, in 
 the romantic ballad of Betis of Hampton. See the note on 
 yellow lockes, ft, 30. Todd. 
 
 XXII. 7. Tke "which ambrofiall odours &c.] So Virgil, as 
 Mr. Upton obferves, " Ambrofiae odorem fpiravere," JEn. i. 
 403. But the circumftance, which Spenfer adds, of thefe am- 
 brofial odours being able to revive the dead, flrongly refembles 
 a paflage in Camoens, where the breath of Jove is defcribed as 
 fhedding fuch exquifitey/a^ra?ice as might infpire tlt&dead -with 
 life, Luf. C. i. ft. 22. 
 
 " Do rofto refpirava hum ar divino, 
 
 " Que divino tornara hum corpo humano.'* Todd. 
 
 VOL, III. X
 
 30G THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK IT. 
 
 To kindle oft afTayd, but had no might ; 
 For, with dredd maieftie and awfull yre, 
 She broke his wanton darts, and quenched bace 
 defyre. 
 
 XXIV. 
 Her y vorie forhead, full of bountie brave. 
 Like a broad table did itfelfe difpred, 
 For Love his loftie triumphes to engrave, 
 And write the battailes of his great godhed : 
 All good and honour might therein be red ; 
 For there their dwelling was. And, when 
 
 ihe fpake, 
 Sweete wordes, like dropping honny, (he did 
 
 {bed; 
 And twixt the perles and rubins foftly brake 
 
 XXIIL 8. For, -with dredd waieftie &c.] Compare, in Mil- 
 ton's Comiis, the huntrei's Dian, who 
 
 " fet at nought 
 
 " The frivolous bolt of Cupid " 
 And that other inftance of uncouquered Virginity, the wife 
 Minerva, with 
 
 " rigid looks of chafte aufterity, 
 
 ** And noble grace that dalli'd brute violence 
 " With fuddea adoration and blank awe." Todd. 
 XXIV. 1. Her yv one for/iead,] Ariofto, C. vii. 11. 
 
 *' Di terfo axorio era la fronte lieta." Uptok. 
 
 XXIV, 2- Like a broad table] Board, fuch as pidures are 
 
 X painted upon. Lat. Tabula. See F. Q. iii. iv, 10. Church. 
 
 y XXIV'. 7. Stoecte word^s-, like dropping honny, &c.] See 
 
 ^ Svl. Swig, iv. 11. " Thy lips, Omy fponfe, drop as the houey- 
 
 combe : honey and milk are under thy tongue." Upton. 
 
 XXIV, '8. And twixt tJie perles and rubins &c.] Thus, in 
 ^ouaet Ixxxi. 
 
 " But faireft flie, when fo (he doth difplay 
 
 *' 'The gate with pearls and rubies richly dight, 
 
 " ;Throuj{h which her words fo wife do make their way."
 
 CANTO III. THE FAERIE QUENE: 307 
 
 A filver found, that heavenly mulicke feemd to 
 make. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 Upon her ejehds many Graces fate, 
 CJnder the fliadow of her even browes, 
 Working belgardes and amorous retrate ; 
 Atid everie one her with a grace endowes, 
 And everie one with meekeneffe to her bowes: 
 So glorious mirrhour of celeftiall grace, 
 And foveraine moniment of mortal! vowes, 
 
 Ariofto gives us pearls and coral for the lips and teeth, C. xii. 
 
 ft. ult. 
 
 " Che dk i coralli, e da le pretiofe 
 
 " Perle ufcir fanno i dolci accenti mozzi." 
 
 This is common in the Italian poets. T. Wart on. 
 
 XXIV. 9- -^ filver found,] See the notes on fdver founds 
 in the Shep. Cal. June, ver. 6"l. Todd. 
 
 XXV. 1. Upon her eyelids many Graces fate, 
 
 Under thejhadow of her even browes, &c.] So, in 
 
 Sonnet xl. 
 
 " When on each eyelid fweetly do appeare 
 " An hundred Graces as in fhade to fit." 
 
 And, in a verfe of his Pageants, preferved by E. K. in the notes 
 
 on June, Shep. Cal. 
 
 " An hundred Graces on her eyelids fate :" 
 
 Which he drew from a modern Greek poem afcribed to Mufaeus, 
 
 ver. 6"3. 
 
 : 'Ot }\ 'Oa.'haiot 
 
 TpsK Xaoncci \|/syo"io 'vn^vxhcn' f>? at t*; Hf5( 
 
 In the Hymne of Beauty we find a thoufand Graces : 
 " Sometimes upon her forehead tliey behold 
 " A thoufand Graces mafking in delight." 
 The thought of the Graces fitting under the Jhade of her eye- 
 brows, is exaftly like whatTaflb fays of Cupid, Amint. A. ii, S. i. 
 
 " fotto al onibra 
 
 " De le palpebre." T. Warton. 
 
 XXV. 3. belgardes] Sweet or beautiful looks. 
 
 See the note on belgardes, F. Q. iii. ix. 52. Todd. 
 
 x2
 
 308 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 How fliall frayle pen defcrive her heavenly 
 face, 
 For feare, through want of (kill, her beauty to 
 difgrace ! 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 So faire, and thoufand thoufand times more faire. 
 She feemd, when (he prefented was to fight : 
 And was yclad, for heat of fcorching aire, 
 All in a iilken Camus lilly whight, 
 Purfled upon with many a folded plight, 
 AVhich all above befprinckled was throughout 
 With golden aygulets, that gliftred bright, 
 Like twinckling ftarres ; and all the (kirt about 
 
 AVas hemd with golden fringe. 
 
 XXV. 8. defcrive] Defcribe, Ital. 
 
 defcrivere', ufed alfo byCliaucer and byScottilh writers. Todd. 
 
 XXVI. 4. Camus] A thin, tranfparent, drefs. 
 
 See the note on Camis, F. Q. v. v. 2. Todd. 
 
 XXVI. 5. Purfled] Wrought or embroidered. The Ff. 
 pourjilure fignifies the fringe or trimming of women's gowns. 
 Purfled is alfo ufed in F. Q. i. ii, 13. Thus Chaucer, MotJces 
 ProL 
 
 " I fee his fleves purfilid ot the hande 
 " With grys, and that the fineft in the lande." 
 And Piers Plowman, Paff.fec. 
 
 " I was ware of a woman worthlyich clothed 
 " Purjilid with pelure &c." Todd. 
 
 XXVI. 7. aygulets,] Tagged points, the Fr. 
 
 word, aiguUette. See the note on aglet, F. Q. vi. ii. 5. 
 
 Upton. 
 
 XXVI. j9. Was hemd -with golden fringe.] This is the firft 
 
 inftance in our poet of leaving bis verfe imperfed and broken : 
 
 Other inftances of Uiefe hemiftichs or half verfes, the reader 
 
 will find in C. viii. ft. 55. F. Q. iii. iv. 39, So again, C. vi. ft. 26. 
 
 " To feck the fugitive." .
 
 CANTO III. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 309 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 Below her ham her weed did fomewhat trayne, 
 And her ftreight legs moil bravely were em- 
 
 bayld 
 In gilden buikins of coftly cordwdyne. 
 
 But this verfe is thus left only in the old quartos, being filled 
 up in the other editions, 
 
 " To feeke the fugitive bothfarre and nere." 
 There is but one more inllance in this large work, viz. B. iii. 
 C. ix. ft. 37. 
 
 Cowley, in his notes on the firft book of his own epick 
 poem, fays, that none of the Englilh poets have followed Virgil 
 in this liberty, which, he thinks, looks both natural and graceful. 
 I am furprifed Cowley fiiould have forgotten Spenfer : Phaer 
 likewife, in his tranflation of V^irgil, has, in imitation of the 
 poet he tranflates, feveral hemiftichs. Upton. 
 
 It would be difficult, fays IMr. Church, to fill up this hemiftich 
 to any advantage. It is thus fupplied in a copy of the firft 
 edition belonging to Thomas Park, Efq. '* moji gorgeoujly fet 
 out ;" which appofite words are written in an old hand, and 
 probably coeval with that of the poet. Todd. 
 
 XXVII. 1. Below her ham her weed did fomewhat tray ne,"] 
 This piifture is the fame as that of Diana, as reprefented in 
 llatues or coins, or poetical defcriptions. Confult Spanheim 
 in his notes on Callimachus, pp. JS-t, 135. I am apt to think 
 our poet had likewife in view the Amazonian drefs of Pyrocles 
 in his learned friend's Arcadia, p. 42. " Upon her body flie 
 wore a doublet of fkye-colour fatin, covered with plates of 
 gold, and as it were nailed with precious ftones, that in it flie 
 might feem armed ; the nether part of her garment was full of 
 ftuff, and cut after fuch a fafliion, that though the length of it 
 reached to the ankles, yet in her going one might fometimes 
 difcern the fmall of her leg, which with the foot was drefi'ed in a 
 fhort pair of crimfon velvet buikins, in fome places open (as 
 the ancient manner was) to fhew the fairnefs of the fkin." 
 
 Upton. 
 
 XXVII. 2. embayld] Bound vp. 
 
 Fr. emhaller. Germ, einballen. Upton. 
 
 XXVII. 3. of coflly cordwdyne,] So, in 
 
 F. Q, vi. ii. 6. " Bufkins he wore of coulieil cordwaynei" 
 where fee the note. Todd. 
 
 X 3
 
 310 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 All bard with golden bendes, which were 
 
 entayld 
 With curious antickes, and full fay re aumayld : 
 Before, they faftned were under her knee 
 In a rich iewell, and therein entrayld 
 The ends of all the knots, that none might 
 
 fee 
 How they within their fouldings clofe enwrapped 
 
 bee: 
 
 XXVIIT. 
 
 Like two faire marble pillours they were feene, 
 Which doe the temple of the gods fupport. 
 Whom all the people decke with girlands 
 
 greene, 
 And honour in their feftivall refort ; 
 Thofe fame with ftately grace and princely 
 
 port 
 She taught to tread, when Ihe herfelfe would 
 
 grace ; 
 
 XXVII. 4. entayld] Carted. See 
 
 the note on entayld, F. Q. ii. vi. 29. Todd. 
 
 XXVII. 5. aumayld:] Enamelled. 
 
 In Chaucer, amiled. " And knoppes fine of gold amiled," 
 Rom. R. 1080. l{a\.fmalto, Fr. ejniail, eniaille. Lpton. 
 
 XXVII. 7. entrayld] Tinifted. See 
 
 F. Q. i. i. 16'. Church. 
 
 XXVIII. 1. Like two faire marble pillours &c.] So, as Mr. 
 ^ Upton obferves, in Sol. Song, v. 15. " His legs are as pillars 
 
 of marble, &c." The allufion alfo is to the fame book, when 
 the poet fays of his bride, in his elegant Epithalavtion, " Her 
 fuowie neck like to a marble towre, &c." The defcriptions of 
 beauty, here and in the Epithalamion, are very fimilar. 
 
 Todd.
 
 CANTO III. THE FAERIE QUEENK. 311 
 
 But with the woody nymphes when (he did 
 
 play, 
 Or when the flying hbbard fhe did chace. 
 
 She could them nimbly move, and after fly apace. 
 
 XXIX. 
 And in her hand a fliarpe bore-fpeare flie held. 
 And at her backe a bow and quiver gay, 
 Stuft with fteel-headed dartes wherewith ihe 
 
 queld 
 The falvage beafi;es in her viflorious play. 
 Knit with a golden bauldricke which forelay 
 Athwart her fnowy brefl;, and did divide 
 Her daintie paps ; which, like young fruit in 
 
 May, 
 Now little gan to fwell, and being tide 
 
 XXVIII. 7. when Jhe did playj So all 
 
 the editions. The rhyme requires a different \vord I fuppofe 
 Spenfer gave, " when flie did /port." So, in F. Q. vi. x. 9. 
 
 " there to play and ^or^.'' Church. 
 
 XXIX. 7. tvkick, like young fruit iu May^ 
 
 Now little gan to /welly &c.] See Sol. Song, vii. J. y' 
 " Thy breafts are like to clutters of grapes/' But, by yattng 
 fruit in May, Spenfer may intend not clufters of grapes, but 
 unripe apples ; and this expreffion Ariofto ufes in delcribing 
 Alcina's beauties, C. vii. 14. 
 
 " Bianca neve e il bel collo, e '1 petto latte ; 
 
 " II collo & tondo, il petto k colmo, e largo; 
 
 " Due poma accrbe, &c." 
 So Taffo, Amint. A. i. S. ult. 
 
 " La verginella ignude 
 
 " Scopria fue frelche rofe, 
 
 " C hor tien nel velo afcofe, 
 
 " E le poma del feno acerbe, e crude/* UpToy. 
 In his Epit/ialamian, Spenfer varies the comparifon, viz. 
 " like lillies budded :" The fimile of Cainoens may be alfo 
 noticed, Lufiad, C. ix. ft. 56, 
 
 x4
 
 312 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Through her thin weed their places only figni- 
 fide. 
 
 XXX. 
 Her yellow lockes, crifped like golden wyre, 
 x\bout her llioulders weren loofely Ihed, 
 And, when the winde emongft them did inr 
 
 fpyre, 
 They waved like a penon wyde difpred, 
 
 ^* Osfermofos limoens, alii cheirando, 
 " Eftao virgineas tetas imitando." Todd. 
 XXX. 1. Her ydlow lockes, crifped like golden "wyre, &c.] 
 Thus Jofian is defcribed in Bevis of Hampton : 
 " Her vifage \yas white as liljy flower, 
 *' Therein ranne the red colour ; 
 f* With brjght browes, and eyes (heene ; 
 " Her haire as gold-wire was feene." 
 Spenfer gives his bride the fame locks in his Epithalamiony 
 where fee the note. Todd. 
 
 XXX. 2. Jboiit her Jhoulders &c.] To adorn his royal 
 dame, Spenfer has fpoiled all his brother poets of their images. 
 Virgil, ^n. i. 318. 
 
 ** Namque humeris de more habilem fafpenderat arcum 
 " Venatrix, dederatque comam diffundere ventis, 
 '* Nuda genu, nodoque finus colleda fluentes." 
 Such as Diana &c. Virgil, JEn. i. 4.98. 
 
 " Qualis in Eurotje ripis aut per juga Cynthi 
 ?* Exercet Diana choros " 
 Or as that famous queene &c. Virg. jEn. i. 320. 
 
 " vel qualis equos Threifla fatigat 
 
 *' Harpalyce " 
 See alfo Mn. xi. 659, & f^q. Her addreffingTroinpart, Hai/le, 
 groome, &c. ft. 32, is taken from Venus' addreffing /Eneas and 
 Achates, ^n. i, 325. 
 
 " Ac prior, heus, inquit, juvenes " 
 Trompart's anfwer is Jineas's anfwer : 
 
 *' O! quam te memorem, Virgo; namque haud tibi vultus 
 '* Mortalis, nee vox hominem fonat : O dea, certe." 
 
 Upton. 
 
 XXX. 3. did infpyre,] Did breath. 
 
 Lat. infpiro. CiiyRcii.
 
 CANTO III. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 313 
 
 And low behinde her backe were fcattered : 
 And, whether art it were or heedlefle hap, 
 As through the flouring forreft rafh (he fled, 
 In her rude heares fweet flow res themfeh^es 
 
 did lap, 
 And flouri filing frefti leaves and bloflbmes did 
 
 enwrap. 
 
 XXXI. 
 Such as Diana by the Tandy (hore 
 
 Of fwift Eurotas, or on Cynthus greene. 
 Where all the nymphes have her unwares 
 
 forlore, 
 Wandreth alone with bow and arrowes keene. 
 To feeke her game : Or as that famous queene 
 Of Amazons, whom Pyrrhus did defi;roy, 
 
 XXXI. 2. Of fwift Eurotas,'] I know not what authority 
 our poet had to call Eurotas fwift, unlefs perhaps that of 
 Statins, who calls him torrens, Theb, viii. 432. Jortin. 
 
 XXXI. 5. Or as that famous queene 
 
 Of Amazons, whom Pyrrhus did defray, &c.] That 
 Penthefilea was flain by Pyrrhus, was admitted as a truth, and 
 told as fuch, by all the romance-writers : It would be unpar- 
 donable therefore for Spenfer, in his fairy tale, to have con- 
 tradided either them, or his admired patron. Sir Philip Sidney : 
 " Impute to the manner of my country, which is the invincible 
 land of the Amazons ; myfelf, niece to Senicia, queen thereof, 
 lineally defcended of the famous Penthefilea, flaine by the 
 bloody hand of Pyrrhus." And fo Dares Phryg. DeBello Troj. 
 Cap. xxxvi. See Jofeph. Ifcan. De Bell. Troj. L. iv. 6^6. 
 And Lydgate, B, iv. Caxton, in the Wars of Troy (tranflated 
 from Dares) has a whole chapter; " How the queene Pan- 
 ihafile cam from Amazonne with a thoufand maydens to the 
 focoure of Troye. And how fhe bare her vaylantly, and flewe 
 many Grekis, and after was flie flayne by Pyrrhus the fone of 
 Achilles." Upton.
 
 314 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 12, 
 
 The day that firfl of Priame (he was feene, 
 Did fliew herfelfe in great triumphant ioy, 
 To fuccour the weake ftate of fad affli6led Troy. 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 Such when as hartlefle Trompart her did vew. 
 He was difmayed in his coward minde. 
 And doubted whether he himfelfe (houldlhew. 
 Or fly away, or bide alone behinde ; 
 Both feare and liope he in her face did finde : 
 When fhe at lafl him fpying thus befpake ; 
 " Hayle, groome ; didft not thou fee a bleed- 
 ing hynde, 
 Whofe right haunch earft my fledfaft arrow 
 flrake ? 
 
 If thou didft, tell me, that I may her overtake/' 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 Wherewith revived, this anfwere forth he threw ; 
 " O goddeffe, (for fuch I thee take to bee,) 
 For nether doth thy face terreftriall (hew, 
 Nor voyce found mortall ; I avow to thee, 
 Such wounded beaft, as that, I did not fee, 
 Sith earft into this forreft wild I came. 
 
 XXXII. 5. Both feare and hope &c.] That is, Trompart 
 fav/, in the majeftick fweetnefs of her face, what might excite 
 both his fear and hope. Church. 
 
 XXXII. 7. groome ;] Yovng man. See Skinner, 
 
 V. Groome. See alfo Cotgrave's Fr. Did. V. Valet, " A groome^ 
 yeoman, or houfehold fervant of the meaner fort : In old 
 time it was a more honourable title ; for all young gentlemen, 
 untill they came to be eighteene yeares of age, were, as at this 
 day batchelers in Britaine are, tearmed fo." Compare the 
 note oil Suayne, F. Q. i. viii. 13. Todd.
 
 CANTO III. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 315 
 
 But mote thy goodlyhed forgive it rnee, 
 To weete which of the gods I (hall thee name, 
 That unto thee dew worihip I may rightly 
 frame." 
 
 xxxiv. 
 To whom {lie thus But ere her words enfewd, 
 Unto the bufh her eye did fuddein glaunce, 
 In which vaine Braggadocchio was mewd, 
 And faw it ftirre : She lefte her perciiig 
 
 launce, 
 And towards gan a deadly ihafte advaunce. 
 In mind to marke the beaft. At which fad 
 
 ftowre, 
 Trompart forth flept, to flay the mortall 
 
 chaunce, 
 Out crying ; " O ! w^hatever hevenly powre, 
 Or earthly wight thou be, withhold this deadly 
 howre ! 
 
 XXXIV. 9. this deadly howre !] Mr. 
 
 Upton contends that hoxvre a.nd Jioxvre have changed places, and 
 that the meaning, in this ftanza, is, " At which fad howre," at 
 which fad and critical vioment of time, Trompart ftept forth \. 
 crying out, " Withhold this deadly Jiuivre," this Jight, aff'ault, 
 ixc. which, will prove fatal to my mailer. But Mr. Upton, as 
 I humbly apprehend, has miftakeu the meaning of " this deadly 
 howre," which the poet here ufes, as Mr. Church alfo has ob- 
 ferved, for " this evil, or this unhappy hower ;" an expreffionin. 
 F. Q. i. ii. 22, " whom unhappy hoxvre hath now made thrall, 
 ike." and which had been ufed, in older poetry, ior misfortune, 
 in the language from which it is derived, mat hear, Fr. See 
 Chaucer's Drcame, p. 576. edit. Urr. 
 
 " I, wofull wight, full of malure, 
 
 *' Am worfe than ded, and yet I dure.'*
 
 3\6 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 11.- 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 " O ! ftay thy hand ; for yonder is no game 
 For thy fiers arrowes, them to exercize ; 
 But loe ! my Lord, my Liege, whofe warhke 
 
 name 
 Is far renowmd through many bold emprize ; 
 And now in (hade he ftirowded yonder Hes." 
 She ftaid : With that he crauld out of his neft, 
 Forth creeping on his caitive hands and thies; 
 And (landing ftoutly up his lofty creft 
 
 Did fiercely {hake, and rowze as comming late 
 from reft. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 As fearfull fowle, that long in fecret cave 
 For dread of foring hauke herfelfe hath hid. 
 Not 'caring how, her filly life to fave. 
 She her gay painted plumes diforderid ; 
 Seeing at laft herfelfe from daunger rid, 
 Peeps forth, and foone renews her native 
 pride ; ' 
 
 Thus alfo in the old Scottifh Song on Abfence, in Mr. Pin- 
 kerton's coUedtion pubhflied in 1786, malhourous is ufed for 
 wifortunate : 
 
 " in love gif I be malhourous." Todd. 
 
 XXXV. 4. throvgh many bold emprize ;] Dr. 
 
 Jortin thinks it fhould be " many a bold emprize ;" of which 
 form he cites numerous examples from the Faerie Queeve; but 
 acknowledges that, in F. Q. li. iii. 15, we find " many hard 
 aflTay," and in F. Q. vi. vi, 4, " manij perilous fight." 
 
 Bold emprize is probably from Ariofto, C i. ft. 1. " Le 
 cortefie, 1' audaci imprefe, &c." The phrafe occurs repeatedly 
 in Spenfer; and it has been adopted by Milton, both m his 
 Malk, and in his Paradife Loft. Todd.
 
 CANTO III. THE FAERIE <iVEENE. 817 
 
 She gins her feathers fowle disfigured 
 Prowdly to prune, and fett on every fide ; 
 She iliakes off ftiame, ne thinks how erfl (he did 
 
 her hide. 
 
 XX XVI r. 
 So when her goodly vifage he beheld, 
 
 He gan himfelfe to vaunt ; But, when he vewd 
 Thofe deadly tooles which in her hand (he 
 
 held, 
 Soone into other fitts he was transmewd, 
 Till flie to him her gracious Ipeach renewd ; 
 " All haile. Sir Knight, and well may thee 
 
 befall, 
 As all the like, which honor have purfewd 
 Through deeds of armes and proweffe mar- 
 tiall ! 
 All vertue merits praife, but fuch the mofl of all." 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 
 To whom he thus ; " O faireft under fkie, 
 Trew be thy words, and worthy of thy praife^ 
 That warlike feats doeft higheft glorifie. 
 
 XXXVI. 8. Prowdly to prune,] Smooth or fet them in 
 order. Water-fowl, at this day, are faid to preate, when they 
 fieek or replace their wet feathers in the fun. See the com- 
 mentators on Shakfpeare, K. Hen. IV, P. i. A. i. S. i. 
 
 " Which makes h'lm prune himfelf, &c." T. Warton. 
 
 XXXVII. 4. tranfmewd,] Changed^ 
 
 transformed. See alfo F. Q. i. vii. 35, iii. i. 38. Fr. tranfmuer. 
 The (jmilar word tranfmute occurs in the romance of the Knight 
 of the. Sea, bl. 1. 4to. l6'00. Thus, in p. 87. 
 
 " Who fliall by chiualry the fpels vndoQ 
 " Of hellilh hagg, tliat thee tranfmuted lb ;" 
 The word occurs again in p. 136\ Todd.
 
 318 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Therein I have fpent all my youthly dales, 
 
 And many battailes fought and many fraies 
 
 Throughout the world, wherfo they might be 
 
 found, 
 
 Endevoring my dreaded name to raife 
 
 Above the moone, that Fame may it refound 
 
 In her eternall tromp with laurellgirlond cround. 
 XXXIX. 
 
 " But what art thou, O Lady, which doefl 
 
 raunge 
 In this wilde foreft, where no pleafure is, 
 And doeft not it for ioyous Court exchaunge, 
 Emongft thine equall peres, where happy blis 
 And all delight does raigne much more then 
 
 this ? 
 There thou maift love, and dearly lo\'ed be, 
 And fwim in pleafure, which thou here doeft 
 
 mis ; 
 There maift thou beft be feene, and beft 
 
 maift fee : 
 The wood is fit for beafts, the Court is fitt for 
 
 Thee/' 
 
 XXXIX, 7. ^nd fwim in pleafure,'] This is a favourite 
 phrafe in our old poetry. Thus Gafcoigne has, " fwimmes "^n 
 bliffe," Poems, edit. 1587. p. 14. And Crafhaw, " He fhall 
 fwim in riper joyes," Det. of the Mufes, p. 1 1. Milton alfo 
 has "Jivim in mirth," and ''fwim in joy/' P. L. B. ix. lOOp, 
 B. xi. 625, The expreffion is fimilar in the next ftanza, 
 *' bathes in blis ;" an expreffion no lefs frequent among the 
 ancient Englifh bards, and of which Chaucer perhaps is the 
 father, Wife of Bathes T. 6835. " His herte bathed in a bath 
 of blije," See alfo the note on F. Q. i. I 4^. TofiD.
 
 CANTO Iir. THE FAERIE QUEEXE. 319 
 
 XL. 
 
 '* Whofo in pompe of prowd eftate/' quoth llie, 
 " Does fwim, and bathes himfelfe in courtly 
 
 blis, 
 Does \vafte his daies in darke obfcuritee, 
 And in obhvion ever buried is : 
 Where eafe abownds, yt's eath to doe amis : 
 But who his hmbs with labours, and his mynd 
 Behaves with cares, cannot fo eafy mis. 
 Abroad in armes, at home in ftudious kynd, 
 
 Who feekes with painfull toile, fhall Honor 
 fooneft fynd : 
 
 XLI. 
 
 ^* In woods, in waves, in warres, fhe wonts to 
 dwell. 
 
 XL. 1. Whofo &c.] The fenfe feems to require that we 
 ihould read and point thus : 
 
 " Whofo in pompe of prowd eftate, quoth fhe, 
 
 " Does fwim, and bathes himfelfe in courtly blis; 
 
 " Or wajies his daies in darke obfcuritee, 
 
 " And in oblivion ever buried is; 
 
 *' Where eafe abovrads, yts eath to doe amis :" 
 Tliat is, Tlie eafy and indolent life, either of a courtier or of 
 a reclufe, is fubjed to many temptations : 
 
 " But who his limbs with labours, and his mynd 
 
 " Behaves with cares, cannot fo eafy mis :" 
 That is, Whofo keeps his mind and body within bounds, by 
 having them conftantly employed with bufmefs, or with adion, 
 is lefs liable to temptation, cannot fo eafily err ; for thus mis 
 is ufed in F, Q. iii. ix. 2. Church. 
 
 XL. 7- Behaves] Here is an inftance of behaves ufed in 
 its primitive fenfe, Germ, haben, Anglo-S. kabban, Jehabban, 
 to pojefs, ufe, or occupy : Somn. " Who behaves, emplot/es, 
 v/es &c. his limbs with labour, and his mind with cares," i. e. 
 with Jludi/f and thought ; as cura is ufed in Latin. Upton,
 
 320 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 And wil be found with perill and with paine; 
 
 Ne can the man, that moulds in ydle cell, 
 
 Unto her happy manfion attaine : 
 
 Before her gate High God did Sweate ordaine, 
 
 And wakefull Watches ever to abide: 
 
 But eafy is the way and paffdge plaine 
 
 I'o Pleafures pallace ; it may Ibone be Ipide, 
 
 And day and night her dores to all ftand open 
 wide. 
 
 , r XLII. 
 
 *' In Princes Court"- ^The reft (he would have 
 fayd, 
 But that the foolilh man, (fild with delight 
 Of her fweete words that all his fence dif- 
 
 mayd, 
 And with her wondrous beauty raviflit quight,) 
 Gan burne in filthy luft; and, leaping light, 
 Thought in his baftard amies her to embrace. 
 With that Ihe, fwarving backe, her iavelin 
 
 bright 
 Againft him bent, and fiercely did menace : 
 
 So turned her about, and fled away apace. 
 
 XLIII. 
 
 Which when the Pefaunt faw, amazd he flood, 
 And grieved at her flight ; yet durfl: he not 
 
 XLI. 5. Before her gate &c.] Before Honour's gate. See 
 Hefiod, Epy. 287, & leq. Jortin. 
 
 XLII. o. baiiard armes] That is, bafe arms. 
 
 See the notes on " bajiard feare," F. Q. i. v.. 24. To dp.
 
 CANTO Iir. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 321 
 
 Purfew her ftep;s through wild unknowen 
 
 wood ; 
 Befides he feard her wrath, and threatned 
 
 fliott, 
 Whiles in the bulli he lay, not yet forgott: 
 Ne car'd he greatly for her prel'ence vavne. 
 But turning faid to Trompart ; " What fow le 
 
 blott 
 Is this to Knight, that Lady (hould agayne 
 Depart to woods untoucht, and leave fo proud 
 
 difdajme !" 
 
 XLIV. 
 
 *' Perdy," faid Trompart, " lett her pas at 
 
 will. 
 Lead by her prefence daunger mote befall. 
 For who can tell (and fure I feare it ill) 
 But that fliee is feme powre celeftiall ? 
 For, whiles flie fpake, her great words did 
 
 apj:)all 
 My feeble corage, and my heart opprelTe, 
 That yet I quake and tremble over all/' 
 
 XLIII. 6. Ne car'd he greatly for her prefence vayne,] That 
 is, ufelefs ; her prelence was of no fervice or ul'e to him. 
 Though vayne may be here ufed according to its more common 
 lignification, and joined with he, i. e. nor did he, xain man, &c. 
 
 Upton. 
 
 XLIII. 9. Depart to -woods untoucht, and leave fo proud dif- 
 dayne /] Untoucht, intaRa. Catull. in Carm. NiipfiaJ. " Sic 
 virgo dum intacta manet." Ilorat. L. i. Od. 7. '' Intact ut 
 Palladis." And leave fo proud difdayne, i. e. And leave fo 
 proud a difdain behind her; or, and leave us fo difdainfully. 
 
 Upi'on. 
 
 VOL. III. Y
 
 322 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK It. 
 
 ** And I," iaid Braggadocchio, " thought no 
 
 leffe, 
 
 When firft I heard her horn found with fuch 
 
 ghaftlineffe. 
 
 XLV. 
 
 '* For from my mothers wombe this grace I have 
 
 Me given by eternall deftiny, 
 
 That earthly thing may not my corage brav* 
 
 Dii'may with feare, or caufe one foote to flye, 
 
 But either helUfli feends, or powres on hye : 
 
 Which was the caufe, when earft that home 
 
 I heard, 
 Weening it had beene thunder in the Ikye, 
 I hid my feUe from it, as one affeard ; 
 But, when I other knew, my felf I boldly 
 
 reard. 
 
 XLVI. 
 f* JPut now, for feare of worfe that may betide, 
 Let us foone hence depart." They foone 
 
 agree 
 
 So to his deed he gott, and gan to ride 
 As one unfitt therefore, that all might fee 
 He had not trayned bene in chevalree. 
 
 XLV. 4, one foote to Jlye,] This is 
 
 the reading of all the folios, which, as Mr. Upton obferves, 
 the feufe requires. The two firft editions read " on foote," 
 and are followed by the edition of 1751. Hughes's, Church's, 
 and Tm'ifon's edition of 1758, join with Upton in reading 
 " onr ibote." Todd. 
 
 XLVr, 5. He kad not trayned bene in chevalree.'] The 
 Kniglit, who was regularly educated, is always reprefented in
 
 CANTO III. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 523 
 
 Which well that valiaunt courfer did difcerne ; 
 For he defpifd to tread in dew degree, 
 But chaufd and fom'd with corage fiers and 
 fterne, 
 And to be eafd of that bafe burden ftill did erne. 
 
 tales of chivalry and romance as governing his fteed with 
 dignity and eafe. Thus alio De St. Palaye tells us: " II falloit 
 
 que r afpirant k la Chevalerie reunit en lui feul toute la 
 
 force ncceffaire pour les plus rudes metiers, & 1' adrefle des 
 arts les plus difficiles, avec les taleus d' un excellent homm% dt 
 chtvaL" See likewife C. iv. ft. 1. Todd. 
 
 Y 2
 
 324 THE FAEKIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 CANTO IV. 
 
 Guy on does Furor bind in chaines, 
 
 J nd J fops Occajion : 
 Delivers F/iaon, and therefore 
 
 Bij Strife is ray Id uppon. 
 
 ... , I. 
 
 I N brave poufsuftt oF honorable deed, 
 There is I know not what oreat difference 
 Betweene the vulgar and the noble feed, 
 Which unto things of valorous pretence 
 Seemes to be borne by native influence ; 
 As feates of armes ; and love to entertaine : 
 But chiefly flcill to ride feemes a fcience 
 Proper to gentle blood : Some others faine 
 
 Arg, 3. Delivers Phaon,] This is the reading of the firft 
 edition. See alio ft. 36. The fecond edition reads P/tedon, 
 and is followed by every fubfequent edition, except Church's. 
 Mr. Upton, indeed, in his notes, direds the alteration ofPhedon 
 to Phaon. Todd. 
 
 I. 2. There is I kno'x not what great difference 
 
 Betxceene the vulgar and the nubfefetd,] Spenfer muft 
 be tranflated to underftand him, " Nelcio quod difcrimen 
 magnum eft :" Between the vulgar , tov i/pvrt, and the noble feed, 
 tm i-j^vr,. See Plato Repub. v, and the Itoical definition of 
 Iv^vix in Diogenes Laertius. Uptov. 
 
 I. 7. Ji^'t chirfli/Jkill to ride fccvies a fcit'nce 
 
 Proper tu gentle blood ;] In the reign of Elifabeth, to 
 ride well was indeed a fcience diligently cultivated. Numerous 
 lx)oks on the fubjeft were publiftied. The reader will be 
 pleafed with an example, which powerfully illullrates this re-
 
 CANTO IV. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 325 
 
 To menage steeds, as did this Vaunter ; but in 
 . vaine. 
 
 II. 
 But he, the rightful! owner of that fteede, 
 AVho well could menage and fubdew his pride> 
 The whiles on foot was forced for to yeed 
 AVith that blacke Palmer, his mofl trufty 
 
 guide, 
 Who fufFred not his wandring feete to ilide ; 
 But when ftrong paffion, or weake flelhlinelie, 
 
 mark ; efpecially as it relates to a family, whofe nar-e the 
 I'aerie Queene has immortalized ; the noble family of Scudamore. 
 The anecdote is cited from a book, not often to be met with, 
 entitled, IiiJlru(^ions, or Advice to fiis Grandjhn in three parts : 
 By William Iligford, Efq. Lond. l658. 12mo. In p. 6"9 he re- 
 commends " the noble exercife of riding the great horfe, A 
 knight on horftbuck is one of the goodlyeft fights in the world. 
 Methinkes 1 fee Sr. Jayncs Scudamore, your thrice noble Grand- 
 father, a brave man of amies both at tilt and barriers, after 
 the voyage of Cales and the Canary Iflands (wherein he per- 
 formed very remarkable and fignal fervice, under the conduct 
 of the Earl of Efl'ex,) enter the tiltyard in a handfome equi- 
 page, all in compleate armor, embeliflied with plumes, his 
 beaver clofe, mounted upon a very high bounding horfe, (I 
 have feen the lliooes of his horfe glifter above the heads of all 
 the people;) and, when he came to the encounter or fhock, 
 brake as many fpears as the mott, her Majefty, Q. Elizabeth, 
 with a train of ladies, like the ftarrs in the firmament, and the 
 whole Court looking upon him with a very gratious afpeft. 
 And when he came to refide with Sr. John Scudamore, his 
 father, (two braver gentlemen Ihall I never fee together at 
 one time, fuch a father, fuch a fon,) himfelf, and other brave 
 cavalliers, and fome of their menials and of his fuit, to manage 
 every morning fix or more brave xcell-ridden horfes, every horfe 
 brought forth by his groom in fuch decency, that Holme-Lacy, 
 at that time, feemed not onely an Academy, but even the very 
 Court of a Prince." Todd. 
 
 II. 5. Whofujf'red not &c.] See the thirty fourth fianza 
 in the firft canto of this book. Church. 
 
 Y 3
 
 Jl26 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK It. 
 
 Would from the right way feeke to draw him 
 
 wide, 
 He would, through temperaunce and fled- 
 faftnefTe, 
 Teach him the weak to flrengthen, and the 
 ftrong fupprefle. 
 in. 
 It fortuned, forth faring on his way, 
 He faw from far, or feemed for to fee. 
 Some troublous uprore or contentious fray, 
 Whereto he drew in haft it to agree. 
 A Mad Man, or that feigned mad to bee, 
 Prew by the heare along upon the grownd 
 A handfom Stripling with great crueltee. 
 Whom sore he bett, and gor'd with many a 
 wownd, 
 That clieekes with teares, and fydes with blood, 
 did all abownd. 
 
 III. 2. He {^.w from far, or feemed ybr to fee,] Apoll. 
 Jlhod. Argon, iv. 1479- 
 
 ui rU n via) Im rifiari fjt,mr 
 
 ''H''IAEN, 5j 'EAOKHSEN iTrocx>^e<rav lAESOAI. ToDD. 
 III. 5. J Mad Man, &c.] Furor, here broken loofe, is 
 according to the defcription of this Madman in Petronius : 
 " Quos inter Furor, abruptis ceu liber habenis, 
 * Sanguineum late tollit caput " 
 Furor is defcnbed by Virgil as bound. Compare Homer, //. 
 385, v/here Mars, the furious god of war, is faid to have been 
 imprifoned and bound in chains. Hence Virgil took his hint, 
 as likewife from a picture of Apelles, mentioned by Pliny, 
 Nat^ Hiji. L. 35. p. 6^7. Edit. Hard. See JEn. i. 2.98. 
 
 = " Furor impius intus 
 
 " Saeva fedens fuper arma, et centum vidus ahenis 
 " Poft tergum nodis, fremit horridus pre cruento." 
 
 Uptok*
 
 CANTO IV. THE FAERIE QUEENE. t9!T 
 
 IV. 
 
 And him behynd a wicked Hag did ftalke, 
 In ragged robes and filthy diiaray ; 
 Her other leg was lame, that ihe no'te walke. 
 But on a ftaffe her feeble fteps did flay : 
 Her lockes, that loathly were and hoarie 
 
 gray, 
 Grew all afore, and loosly hong unrold; 
 But all behinde was bald, and worne away, 
 That none thereof could ever taken hold ; 
 
 And eke her face ill-favour'd, full of wrinckles 
 old. 
 
 IV. 3. Her other leg icas lame,] Literally from Homer, 
 
 IL g'. 217. 
 
 4)oXxo? U>, %wXi? J"'ETEP0N UOAA. 
 Hefychius, "Erspor troJ^x.* 70f ivot -woSos, to ivutojMfy alluding to this 
 paflage of Homer : It ineans, fays Hefychius, one of , his legs, 
 or rather his left leg. The late learned editor of Hefychius, 
 did not lee the allufion. Now mpo? is ufed fometimes for /f/>, 
 and what is left-handed is unlucky. See Pindar, P^th. y. 
 ver. 62. 
 , Aiij^uit J tnpof, 
 
 E5 )t>0 r^i-^xii i^aiAM- 
 
 cxTo nv. 
 So ETi;a y(t)^, is the left hand, in Plato De Repvb. p. 439- edit. 
 
 PI. Steph. "AMjj fAn h a/rcu^wx Xtf j irt^a Ji "n rrpoo-ayojixtiir. And her 
 Other leg nneans here, as in Homer, the left leg. The pidure 
 of this xcicked Hag, is the pidure of Occajion, in Phtedrus ; 
 which has been likewife noticed by the author of the Remarks 
 on Spenfer : 
 
 " Curfu ille volucri pendens in novacula 
 
 " Calvus, coraofa fronte, nudb corpore, 
 
 *' Quern li occuparis, teneas ; elapfum femel 
 
 " Non ipfe poflit Jupiter reprehendere; , 
 
 *^ Occafionem rerum fignificat brevem. 
 
 *' Effedtus impediret ne fegnis mora, 
 
 " Finxere autiqui talem effigiem Temporis." Uptos. 
 
 Y 4
 
 SSS* THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 V.i 
 
 And, ever as fhe went, her toung did walke 
 
 In fowle reproch and termes of vile defpight, 
 , Provokuig him, by her outrageous talke. 
 
 To lieape more vengeance on that wretched 
 . - wight: 
 
 Sometimes (lie raught him Itones, ^yherwith 
 ; l to iinite ; vi^^ol 
 
 .Sometimes her flaffe, though it her one leg 
 
 ; wTre, 
 c^lWithouten which (he could not goe upright ; 
 
 Ne any evil meanes ihe did forbeare. 
 That might him move to wrath, and indignation 
 rjMoii reare. 
 
 VI. 
 The noble Guyon, mov'd with great remorfe, 
 Approching, firft the Hag did thruftaway; 
 And after, adding rnore impetuous forfe. 
 His mighty hands did on the Madman lay, 
 And pluckt him backe ; who, all on fire 
 
 flreightway, 
 Againft him turning all his fell intent, 
 AVith beaflly brutilli rage gan him alllay. 
 And fniott, and bitt, and kickt, and fcrateht, 
 and rent, 
 
 And did he wift not what in his avengement. 
 
 vii. 
 And fure he was a man of mickle might, 
 
 V. 3. him,] Furor. Church.
 
 CANTO IV. THE FAERIE QUEEXE. S'29 
 
 Had he had governaunce it well to giiyde : 
 But, when the frantick fitt inflamd his fpright, 
 His force was vaine, and ftrooke more often 
 
 wjde 
 Then at the aymed marke which he had 
 
 eyde: 
 And oft himfelfe he chaunft to hurt unwares, 
 Wh^'left reafon, blent through paflion, nought 
 
 defcryde ; 
 But, as a blindfold bull, at randon fares. 
 And where he hits nought knowes, and whom 
 
 he hurts nought* cares. 
 
 yiii. '- ''^ 
 
 Ilis rude affault and rugged handeling 
 
 Straunge feemed to the Knight, that aye 
 
 with foe 
 In fayre defence and goodly menaging 
 Of amies was wont to fight ; yet nathemoe 
 Was he abaihed now, not fighting fo ; 
 But, more enfierced through his curriih play, 
 Him fternly grypt, and, hailing to and fro, 
 To overthrow him ftrongly did afifay. 
 But overthrew himfelfe unwares, and lower lav : 
 
 "VI r. 7. Wlnilcjl reafou, blent through pajlton, nought defcryde;] 
 Cicero thus defines furor, viz. " Mentis ad omnia cgecitas," 
 Tufc. Dij'put. iii. 5. Upton, 
 
 VII. 8. at randon] The old fpelling 
 
 of random. See the note on randon, Shep. Cal. May. Todd. 
 
 VIII. g. lower] That is, loxv. See 
 
 the note on deeper, F, Q. i. xi. 24. Church.
 
 336 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 11^ 
 
 .. i,,,^ ,.: ,.,.ix^,..,, ...... ),^ 
 
 And being downe the Villein fore did beate 
 
 And bruze with clownifh fiftes his manly face ; 
 
 And eke the Hag, with many a bitter threat. 
 
 Still cald upon to kill him in the place. 
 
 With whofe reproch, and odious menace. 
 
 The Knight emboyling in his haughtie hart 
 
 Knitt all his forces, and gan foone unbrace 
 
 His grafping hold : fo lightly did upftart, 
 
 And drew his deadly weapon to maintaine his 
 
 part. 
 
 X. 
 
 Which when the Palmer faw, he loudly cryde, 
 " Not fo, O Guyon, never thinke that fo 
 That Monfter can be maiftred or deftroyd : 
 He is not, ah ! he is not fuch a foe, 
 As fteele can wound, or Itrength can over- 
 throe. 
 That fame is Furor, curfed cruel wight, 
 , That unto knighthood workes much (hame 
 
 and woe ; 
 And that fame Hag, his aged mother, hight 
 Occafion; the roote of all wrath and defpight. 
 
 IX. 1. And being doune] That is, Him (Guyon) being 
 downe, &. Chuuch. 
 
 IX. 4. Still cald upon &c.] That is, Still called upon him 
 to kill-Ac. An elleipfis. T. Warton. 
 
 X. 4. He is not,] Correded from the Errata, fubjoined 
 to the firft edition, by the edit, of 1751, by Church's, Upton's, 
 and Tonfon's of 1758. All other editions read " He is no." 
 
 Todd.
 
 CANTO IV. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 331 
 
 XI. 
 
 " With her, whofo will raging Furor tame, 
 Miift firft begin, and well her dmenage : 
 Firfl her reftraine from her reprochfull blame 
 And evill meanes, with which Ihe doth en- 
 rage 
 Her frantick fonne, and kindles his cordge ; 
 . Then, when Ihe is withdrawne or ftrong with- 
 ftood, 
 It's eath his ydle fury to afwage, ;. .t ' 
 And calme the tempeft of his paffion wood : 
 The bankes are overflowne when flopped is the 
 flood." 
 
 XI. 2. ^menage :] Manage j carriage. 
 
 Amenage, Y adtion d' amener. Upton. 
 
 XI. 5. cordge:^ See the note on the 
 
 word thus accented, F. Q. ii. i. 42. Todd. 
 
 XI, 8. wood :] Mad. See the note 
 
 on wood, F. Q. i, iv. 34. Todd. 
 
 XI. 9- The bankes are overjiowie "when Jlopped is the flood.'] 
 The river runs on in its ulual courfe, unlefs you ftop it ; but^ 
 Hopped, it rages and overflows its banks : So, try not to ftop 
 this Madman in his career, but begin firft with Occafion, the 
 root of all wrath. See Ovid, Rem. Am. 119- 
 
 " Dum Furor in curl'u eft current! cede Furori : 
 " Difficiles aditus impetus omnis habet." 
 He frems likewife to have Ovid in view, where he defcribes 
 Pentheus. The verles are fo well turned, and the defcription 
 is lb mafterly, that I cannot help trani'cribing them. 
 
 " Fruftraque inhibere laborant. 
 
 " Acrior admonitu eft ; irritaturque retenta 
 
 " Et crefcit rabies ; remoraminaque ipfa nocebant, 
 
 " Sic ego torrentem, qu4 nil obftabat ennti, 
 
 " Lenius, et modico ftrepitu decurrere vidi : 
 
 " At quacunque trabes obftrudaque faxa tenebant, 
 
 " Spumeus, et fervens, et ab objice faevior ibat." 
 
 ' Upton.
 
 33S5 THE FAERIE QUEEYE. BOOK II. 
 
 XII. 
 
 Therewith Sir Gujon left his firft emprife, 
 x\nd, turning to that \V oman, faft her hent 
 By the hoare lockes that hong before her eyes. 
 And to the ground her threw : yet n'ould 
 
 fhe ftent 
 Her bitter rayhng and foule revilement ; 
 But ftill provokt her fonne to wreake her 
 
 wrong : 
 But natheleffe he did her ftill torment, 
 And, catching hold of her ungratious tong. 
 Thereon an yron lock did faften firme and 
 
 ftrong. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 Then, -whenas ufe of fpeach was from her reft, 
 With her two crooked handes ilie fignes did 
 
 make. 
 And beckned him ; the laft help (he had left : 
 But he that laft left helpe away did take, 
 
 XII. 4. ftent] Stinf, reftrain. 
 
 Church. 
 XII. 7- lit'] Sir Guj/on. Chukch. 
 
 XII. 8. tong,] This is the 
 
 reading of the I'econd edition, which Spenler fecnis to have 
 intended, by having twice corrected the word. For, in the 
 firft edition, it is tongue, w^jich, in the Errata to that edition, 
 is correded tonge ; and, in cloler conformity to the rhymes, 
 (agreeably to the poet's pra<^ice,) was afterwards printed tong. 
 The folio of 1679, the editions of l7ol. Church's, Upton's, 
 and Toufon's of 1758, read tong. All others read tongue. 
 
 Todd. 
 
 XIII, 3. him] Her/on. Church. 
 
 XIII. 4. he] air Giii/un. Chukch.
 
 CANTO IV. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 53$ 
 
 And both her handes fall bound unto a (take, 
 That flie no'te ftirre. Then gan her Ibnne 
 
 to tlye 
 Full fail away, and did her quite forfake : 
 But Guyon after him in haft did hye, 
 
 And ibone him overtooke in fad perplexitye. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 In his ftrong armes he ftifly him embrafte, 
 ^V ho him gain-ftriving nought at all prevaild ; 
 For all his power was utterly defafte. 
 And furious fitts at earft quite weren quaild : 
 Oft he re'nforlt, and oft his forces fayld, 
 Yet yield he would not, nor his rancor flacke. 
 Then him to ground he caft, and rudely hayld. 
 And lx)th his hands faft bound behind his 
 backe, 
 
 And both his feet in fetters to an yron racke. 
 
 XV. 
 
 With hundred yron chaines he did him bind, 
 And hundred knots, that did him fore con- 
 
 ftraine : 
 Yet his great yron teeth he ftill did grind 
 
 XIV. 4. at earfl] hijlantly. So, in ft. 39. 
 
 " Abandon this foielhilled place at erjl." Church. 
 
 XIV. 5. re'nforrt,] Remforced, made frefli at- 
 tempts. Church. 
 
 XV^. 1. If^ith hundred i/r on chaines /te did him bind,] " Hunc 
 fraehis, hunc tu compel'ce catena," lays Horace, fpeaking of 
 this fame perturbed ftate of mind, reprefented by this monfter 
 Furor. So Juvenal, f$at. viii. " Pone irce frjena modumque." 
 
 UPTOK.
 
 334 THE FAERIE QUEEXE. BOOK Ifi 
 
 And grimly gnafh, threatning revenge in 
 
 vaine : 
 His burning eyen, whom bloody ftrakes did 
 
 ftaine, 
 Stared full wide, and threw forth fparkes of 
 
 fyre; 
 And, more for ranck defpight then for gre^t 
 
 paine, , 
 
 Shakt his long locks colourd like copper- 
 
 wyre. 
 And bitt his tawny beard to fhew his mging yre. 
 
 XVI. 
 Thus whenas Guyon Furor had captivd, 
 
 Turning about he faw that wTetched Squyre, 
 Whom that Mad Man of life nigh late de- 
 
 privd, 
 Lying on ground, all foild with blood and 
 
 myre : 
 Whom whenas he perceived to refpyre, 
 He gan to comfort, and his woundes to 
 
 drefTe. 
 Being at lail recured, he gan inquyre 
 AVhat hard miihap him brought to fuch dif- 
 trelTe, 
 And made that Caytives thrall, the thrall of 
 ' wretched nefle. 
 
 xvir. , \ 
 
 - . **' jt 'I- . 
 
 With hart then throbbing, anclwitn watry eyes,
 
 CANTO IV. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 335 
 
 " Fajre Sir/' quoth he, " what man can fliun 
 
 the hap, 
 That hidden Ijes unwares him to furpryfe ? 
 Misfortune waites advantage to entrap 
 The man mod wary in her whelming lap. 
 So me weake wretch, of many weakeft one, 
 Unweeting and unware of fuch miihap, 
 
 XVII. 2. Fayre Sir, quoth he, &c.] The following ftory 
 which this young man tells, is taken from the fifth book of 
 Orlando Furiofo. Harington, who tranflated Ariofto, mentions 
 that this ftory too was written by Mr. Turberville. Part of 
 the tale Shakfpeare has formed into his play, called Much Ado 
 aboxtt Nothing. Upton. 
 
 Mr. Steevens, noticing this pafTage, mentions, however, a 
 novel of Belleforeft, copied from another of Bandello, which, 
 *' feems to have furniflied Shakfpeare with his fable, as it ap- 
 proaches nearer in all its particulars to the play before us, 
 than any other performance known to be extant." And Dr. 
 Farmer fufpeAs that, although Ariofto is continually quoted 
 for the fable of Much Ado about Nothing, Shakfpeare was fatis- 
 fied with the Geneura of Turberville. Harington, in his notes 
 on the tranflation of Ariofto, relates that fome had affirmed, 
 " that this very matter, though fet downe here by other 
 names, happened in Ferrara to a kinfewoman of the Dukes, 
 whicii is here figured vnder the name of Geneura, and that 
 indeed fuch a pradife was vfed againft her by a great Lord, 
 and difcouered by a damfell as is here fet downe. Howfoeuer 
 it was, fure the tale is a prettie comicall matter, and hath bene 
 written in Englifli verfe fome few years paft (learnedly and 
 with good grace) though in verfe of another kind, by M. 
 George Turberuil." Spenfer feems to have attended alfo to 
 the moral expofition of the chara6ters and ftory, in Bellezze del 
 Furiofo di M. L. Ariojlo, Venet. 4to. 1574, pp. 64,65. Todd. 
 
 XVII. 6. So me weake wretch, of many weakeji one, 
 Unweeting and unware of fuch mijhap. 
 She brought to mifchiefe through occafion. 
 Where this fa7ne wicked Villein did me light upon.] 
 This is the reading of Spenfer's fecond edition, which all the 
 later editions follow, except Chuich's. The reading of the 
 firft edition, fays Mr. Church, is to be preferred :
 
 356 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 She brought to mifchiefe through occafion, 
 Where this fame wicked Villein did me light 
 
 upon. 
 
 xvlii. 
 " It was a faithlefle fquire, that was the fourfe 
 Of all my forrow and of thefe fad teares. 
 With whom from tender dug of commune 
 
 nourfe 
 Attonce I was upbrought; and eft, when 
 
 yeares 
 More rype us reafon lent to chofe our peares, 
 Ourfelves in league of vowed love we knitt ; 
 In which we long time, without gealous feares 
 Or faultie thoughts, contynewd as was fitt ; 
 And, for my part I vow, diilembled not a whitt. 
 
 ' : '-;"// :: : 
 
 * So me weake wretch, of many weakeft wretch, 
 
 " Unweeting and unware of fuch mifhap, 
 
 " She brought to mifchiefe through her guileful trech, 
 
 " Where this fame wicked villein did me wandring ketch." 
 But, as Mr. Upton lias obferved, the alteration in the fecond 
 edition feems to have been direded by the poet ; and " through 
 occafion is very rightly added, the wixole epifode and allegory 
 plainly requiring it." Todd. 
 
 XVIII. 3. With whom from tender dug of commune nourfe 
 
 Attonce I vcas upbrought i\ He feems to allude 
 to the Italian phrafe, which calls a fofter brother, fratello di 
 latte. 'Tis not to be palled over likewife, that the Irifl>, in 
 particular, look upon their fofter brothers in a higher degree 
 of friendftiip and love, than their own brothers ; which Spenfer 
 takes notice of in his View of Ireland. This confideration 
 makes the pathos more fenfibly afi'e<5ting. Upton. 
 
 XVTII, 4. eft,] Afterwards. See the note 
 
 on eft, F. Q. L ix. 0.5. Church. 
 
 XVIII. 8. Or /tf/^/e] : In the folios . this paflage is \.\\\\fi 
 corrupted, ** Our faultie S:c." And the corpiption is admitud
 
 CANTO IV. THE FAEUIE QUEENE. 337 
 
 XIX. 
 
 *' It was my fortune, commune to that age, 
 To love a Lady fayre of great degree, 
 The wliich was borne of noble parentage, 
 And fet in hio-beft feat of di^-nitee, 
 Yet feemd no lefle to love then lovd to bee I 
 Long 1 her ferv'd, and found her faithfull (till, 
 Ne ever thing could caufe us difagree : 
 Love, that two harts makes one, makes eke 
 one will : 
 
 Each ftrove to pleafe, and others pleafure to 
 
 fulfill. 
 
 XX. 
 " My friend, hight Philemon, I did partake 
 Of all my love and all my privitie ; 
 Who greatly ioyous feemed for my fake. 
 And gratious to that Lady, as to mee ; 
 Ne ever wight, that mote fo welcome bee 
 As he to her, withouten blott or blame ; 
 Ne ever thing, that ftie could think or fee. 
 But unto him Ihe would impart the fame : 
 O wretched man, that would abufe fo gentle 
 dame ! 
 
 into Hughes's firft edition. Dr. Jortin, without feeing Spen- 
 fer's own editions, rightly emended it, in his Remarks, " Or 
 faultie." Todd. 
 
 XX. 1. I did partake] That is, / rnade 
 
 partaker &c. And yet, in I*. Q. v. xi. 32, he feems to ule 
 the word partake for participate : 
 
 " And ftreight went forth his gladneife to part.ake 
 
 " With Belgti " Church. 
 
 VOL. III. Z
 
 538 THE FAERIE aUEEXE. BOOK II. 
 
 XXI; 
 " At laft fuch grace I found, and meanes i 
 
 wrought, ;i.j,i y- .1 a Mvi o\ 
 
 That I that Ladj to my fpoufe had wohne ; 
 Accord of friendes, confent of parents fought, 
 AfFyaunce made, my happinelle begonne, 
 There wanted nought but few rites to be 
 
 donne, . bii; ) , 
 
 Which mariage make: That day too ferre 
 
 did feeme ! 
 Mod ioyous man, on whom the {hining funne 
 Did (hew his face, myfelfe I did .efteeme, 
 And that my falfer friend did no lefs ioyous 
 s ii^r deeme. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 " But, ere that.wilhed day his beame difclofd. 
 He, either envying ray toward good. 
 Or of himfelfe to treafon ill difpofd. 
 One day unto me came in friendly mood, 
 And told, for fecret, how he underftood 
 That Lady, whom I had to me aflynd. 
 Had both diftaind her honorable blood, 
 And eke the faith which (he to me did bynd; 
 
 And therefore wifht me ftay, till I more truth 
 (hould fynd. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 " The gnawing anguiih, and fharp gelofy, 
 
 ' XXII. 2. my toxcard goodf] That is, my 
 
 approaching happinefs. Church.
 
 CAI^TO IV. THE FAERIE QUEENE, 339 
 
 Which his faxl fpeach infixed in my breft, 
 Ranckled fo fore^ and feftred inwardly, 
 That my engreeved mind could find no reft, 
 Till that the truth thereof I did out wreft ; 
 And him befought, by that fame facred band 
 Betwixt us both, to counfell me the beft : 
 He then with folemne oath and plighted hand 
 AfTurd, ere long the truth to let me underftand. 
 
 " Ere long with like againe he boorded mee, 
 Saying, he now had boulted all the floure, 
 And that it was a groome of bafe degree, 
 Which of my Love was partner paramoure : 
 Who ufed in a darkefome inner bowre 
 Her oft to meete : Which better to approve, 
 He promifed to bring me at that howre, 
 When I ftiould fee that would me nearer 
 move. 
 
 And drive me to withdraw my blind abufed 
 
 love. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 ** This graceleUe man, for furtherance of his 
 guile, 
 
 XXIV. 1. he boorded mee,] He addrejed 
 
 me. See the note on bord, F. Q. ii. xii. l6. Todd. 
 
 XXIV. 2. had boulted all the floure,] Had 
 
 ftfted the whole affair ; bolted it all to the very bran. Chau- 
 cer, Nonnes Pr. T. 1281. 
 
 " But I ne cannot boiilte it to the brenne." 
 That is, I cannot7?/lf it, examine it thoroughly. Hence comes 
 bolting, an exercife of Gray's-Inn, fo named from fifting or ex- 
 amining into fome law points. Upxon. 
 
 z 2
 
 310 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Did court the liandmayd of my Lady deare, 
 Who, glad t* embofome his affection vile. 
 Did all fhe might more pleahng to appeare. 
 One day, to worke her to his will more neare. 
 He woo'd her thus ; Pryene, (fo (he hight,) 
 \V hat great defpight doth . fortune to thee 
 
 I...-- beare, , r-^e! ^^ ifh?- r^d'' -.H 
 
 Thus lowly to abafe thy beautie bright, 
 
 That it fhould not deface all others lefler light ? 
 
 " But if Ihe had her lead helpe to thee lent, 
 T' adorne thy forme according thy defart. 
 Their blazing pride thou wouldeft foone have 
 
 blent. 
 And ftaynd their pray fes with thy leaft good 
 
 Ne ihould faire Claribell with all her aft, 
 I'ho' ihe thy Lady be, approch thee neare :, 
 For proofe thereof, this evening, as thou art, 
 Aray thyfelfe in her moft gorgeous geare. 
 That I may more delight,. ill thy embracement 
 deare. 
 
 XXV. 6. Pn/ene,] Her name, in Ariofto, is Dalinda ; in 
 Shakfpeare, Margaret. But as Spenfer varies in bis names, 
 fo he varies likewiie in many other circumftances from the 
 original ftory. Upton. 
 
 XXVI. 7. as thou art,^ That is, lovely 
 
 ^s thou art. Church. 
 
 XXN'I. 9- That I muii more &c..] More is here ufed, as 
 elfe where, for g^rcff/Zy. See F. Q. i. x. 49. Church.
 
 CANTO IV. THE FAERIE QUEEXE. 341 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 " The mayden, proud tlirough praife and mad 
 through love, 
 Him hearkned to, and foone herfelfe arayd ; 
 The whiles to me the treachour did remove 
 His craftie engin ; and, as he had layd, 
 Me leading, in a fecret corner layd, 
 The fad l*pe6latour of my tragedie ; 
 Where left, he went, and his owne falfe part 
 
 playd, 
 Difguifed like that groome of bafe degree. 
 
 Whom he had feignd th' abul'er of my love to bee. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 " Eftfoones he came unto th' appointed place. 
 And with him brought Pryene, rich arayd, 
 In Claribellaes clothes : Her proper face 
 I not defcerned in that darkefome fliade. 
 But weend it was my Love with whom he 
 
 playd. 
 Ah God I what horrour and tormenting 
 
 griefe 
 Mv hart, my handes, mine eies, and all af- 
 
 fayd! 
 Me liefer were ten thoufand deathiis priefe 
 Then wounde of gealous worme, and fhame of 
 
 liich repriefe. 
 
 XXIX. 
 " I home retourning, fraught with fowle defpight, 
 And chawing vengeaunce all the way I went, 
 3
 
 S42 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Soone as my loathed Love appeard in fight, 
 With wrathfull hand I flew her innocent ; 
 That after foone I dearely did lament : 
 For, when the caufe of that outrageous deede 
 Demaunded I made plaine and evident, 
 Her faultie handmayd, which that bale did 
 
 breede, 
 Confeft how Philemon her wrought to chaunge 
 
 her weede. ' '^ 
 
 XXX. 
 
 ' Which when I heard, with horrible affright 
 And hellifti fury all enragd, I fought 
 Upon myfelfe that vengeable defpight 
 To punifh : Yet it better firft I thought 
 To wreake my wrath on him, that fird it 
 
 wrought ; 
 To Philemon, falfe faytour Philemon, 
 I caft to pay that I fo dearely bought : 
 Of deadly drugs I gave him drinke anon, 
 
 And waiht away his guilt with guilty potion. 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 " Thus heaping crime on crime, and griefe on 
 griefe. 
 To loffe of Love adioyning loffe of Frend, 
 I meant to purge both with a third mifchiefej 
 And in my woes beginner it to end : 
 That was Pryene ; fhe did firft offend, 
 She laft fliould fmart: With which cruell 
 intent, -, .
 
 CANTO IV. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 343 
 
 AVhen I at her my murdroiis blade did bend. 
 She fled away with ghaftly dreriment. 
 And I, pourfewing my fell purpofe, after went. 
 
 XXXII. 
 ** Feare gave her winges, and Rage enforft my 
 
 flight ; 
 Through woods and plaines fo long I did her 
 
 chace, 
 Till this Mad Man, whom your victorious 
 
 might 
 Hath now faft bound, me met in middle 
 
 fpace : 
 As I her, fo he me pourfewd apace. 
 And fhortly overtooke : I, breathing yre, 
 Sore chaufted at my (lay in fuch a cace. 
 And with my heat kindled his cruell fyre ; 
 Which kindled once, his mother did more rage 
 
 infpyre. 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 " Betwixt them both they have me doen to dye. 
 Through wounds, and ftrokes, and ilubborne 
 
 handeling, 
 That death were better then fuch agonj^^ 
 As griefe and fury unto me did bring ; 
 Of which in me yet ftickes the mortall iting, 
 That during life will never be appeafd !" 
 
 XXXII. i. Feare gave her winges,] Virgil, iCw. viii. 224. 
 ** Pedibus Timor addidit alas." Todd. 
 
 Z 4
 
 344 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK TI. 
 
 When he thus ended had his forrowing, 
 Said Gu3^on ; *' Squyre, fore have ye beene 
 difeafd ; 
 But all your hurts may foone through temper- 
 ance be eafd/' 
 
 XXXIV. 
 
 Then gan the Palmer thus ; " Moft wretched 
 
 man, 
 That to Affe6lions does the bridle lend ! 
 In their beginning they are weake and wan, 
 But foone through fuff'rance growe to feare- 
 
 full end : 
 Whiles they are weake, betimes with them 
 
 contend ; 
 For, when they once to perfe6l flrength do 
 
 grow, 
 Strong warres they make, and cruell battry 
 
 bend 
 Gainft fort of Reafon, it to overthrow : 
 Wrath, Gelofy, Griefe, Love, this Squyre have 
 
 laide thus low. 
 
 XXXIV. 2. That to Affeaions &c.] Affeaions, i. e. paf- 
 fions. So the Latin, qlfecius. The thought is the fame as in 
 Seneca, Uippolyt. v. 131. 
 
 *' Quifquis in primo obftitit 
 
 *' Repulitque amorem, tutus ac vidor fuit, 
 " Qui blandiendo dulce nutrivit malum, 
 " Sero reculat ferre, quod fubiit, jugum." Upton. 
 XXXIV. 7. Strong warres theij make, and cruell battry bend 
 Gainjifort of Reajhn,] This is preparing you 
 before-hand for the Caftle and Fort, wherein the Soul, Reafon, 
 and Wifdom, dwell; more minutely defcribed, in F. Q. ii. ix. 
 JO, ii. xi. 5, Upton.
 
 CANTO IV. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 54-5 
 
 XXXV. 
 " Wrath, Gealofie, G riefe, Love, do thus expell : 
 Wrath is a fire ; and Gealoiie a weede ; 
 Griefe is a flood ; and Love a monfter fell ; 
 The fire of fparkes, the weede of little feede, 
 The flood of drops, the monfter filth did 
 
 breede : 
 But fparks, feed, drops, and filth, do thus 
 
 delay ; 
 The fparks foone quench, the fpringing feed 
 
 outweed, 
 The drops dry up, and filth wipe cleane 
 away : 
 So fliall Wrath, Gealofy, Griefe, Love, die and 
 decay." 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 " Unlucky Squire," faide Guyon, " fith thouhafl 
 Fahie into mifchiefe through intemperaunce, 
 Henceforth take heede of that thou now haft 
 
 paft. 
 And guyde thy waies with warie governaunce, 
 licaftworfe betide thee by fome later chaunce^ 
 But read how art thou nam'd,and of what kin." 
 
 XXXV. 1. -do this expell:] That i?, 
 
 Do t/ioii thus expell. Prefently after, Do thus delay, i. e. Sec 
 that titou doji thus delay, put off, take axvaj), &cc. Upton. 
 
 XXXV. 6'. delay:] Put away. So, in 
 
 F. Q. iv. viii. 1. " Till time the temped doe thereof delay 
 with fufferaunce foft." Chuiich. 
 
 XX XVI. 5. Leajl norfe kc] Compare John v. 14. " Sin 
 no more, \vi\ a worle thing come unto thee." Todd.
 
 346 THE FAERIE QUEEXE. BOOK IT. 
 
 " Phaon I hight/' quoth he, " and do ad- 
 
 f '' vaunce 
 Mine aunceftry from famous Coradin, 
 "Who firft to rajfe our houfe to honour did 
 begin." 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 Thus as he fpake, lo ! far away they fpyde 
 A Varlet ronning towardes haftily, 
 Whofe flying feet fo faft their way applyde, 
 That round about a cloud of dud did fly, 
 AVhich, mingled all with fweate, did dim 
 
 his eye. 
 He foone approched, panting, breathlefle, 
 
 whot. 
 And all fo foyld, that none could him defcry ; 
 His countenaunce was bold, and baflied not 
 
 For Guyons lookes, but fcornefull ey-glaunce 
 
 at him fliot. 
 i /; XXXVIII. 
 
 Behind his backe he bore a brafen fliield. 
 On which was drawen faire, in colours fit, 
 A flaming fire in midfl; of bloody field. 
 And round about the wreath this word was 
 
 writ, 
 
 XXXVI. 7. Phaon] Mr. Upton here rightly reads Phaon, 
 with the firft edition and Church's. All otiier editions read 
 Phcdon. See the note on the Arguntent. Todd. 
 
 XXXVIII. 4. this word] This motto, as Mr. 
 
 Church obferves. Hughes's fecond edition, and Tonfon's edi- 
 tion of 1758, read " thefe words were writ." But this obtru- 
 five eniendation is uimeceffary. Todd.
 
 CANTO IV. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 347 
 
 Burnt I doe btirne : Right well befeemed it 
 To be the (liield of fome redoubted Knight: 
 And in his hand two dartes exceeding flit 
 And deadly Iharp he held, whofe heads were 
 dight 
 
 In poyfon and in blood of malice and defpight. 
 XXXIX. 
 
 When he in prefence came, to Guyon firft 
 He boldly fpake ; " Sir Knight, if Knight 
 
 thou bee, 
 Abandon this foreftalled place at erft, 
 For feare of further harme, I counfell thee ; 
 Or bide the chaunce at thine owne ieopardee." 
 The Knight at his great boldnefle wondered ; 
 And, though he fcorn'd his ydle vanitee, 
 Yet mildly him to purpofe anfwered ; 
 
 For not to grow of nought he it conie6lured ; 
 
 XL. 
 " Varlet, this place moft dew to me I deeme. 
 Yielded by him that held it forcibly : 
 
 XXXVIII. 5. Burnt I doe burne .-] Nothing is more com* 
 moil, I had almoft laid more tedious and difgulling in the old 
 romances, than delcriptions of the imprefies on the fhields of 
 knights and heroes. The author of the romance of Palmerin 
 of England, and Boiardo, in the fecond book of the Orlando 
 Innamorato, are uncommonly elaborate in this refpe6t. Perhaps 
 the origin of thefe blafonries may be attributed to VEfchylus's 
 account of various fhields in his Sept. Theb. Todd. 
 
 XL. 1. Varlet,] Page or Squire. In the old romances 
 varlet is a common phrafe for thefe attendants upon Knights. 
 See the note on Sxvayne, F. Q. i, viii. 13, and on groome, F. 
 Q. ii. iii. 32. Todd.
 
 348 THE FAERIE QUEENE- BOOK II. 
 
 But whence fhold come that harme, which 
 thou doft fee me -^ <-{V 
 
 To threat to him that mindes his chaunce t* 
 abye?" .V ^i,i^ii ^n ., 
 
 " Perdy," fayd he, " here comes, and is 
 hard by, 
 
 A Knight of wondrous powreand great aflay. 
 
 That never yet encountred enemy ^ 
 . i But did iiim deadly daunt, or fowle difmay ; 
 Ne thou for better hope, if thou his prefence 
 
 Itay.'' ..v- a./ :.->]r^:^^i 
 XLI. 
 * How hight he," then fayd Guy on, " and from 
 whence ?" 
 " Pyrochles is his name, renowmed farre 
 For his bold feates and hardy confidence. 
 Full oft approvd in many a cruell warre ; 
 The brother of Cymochles ; both which arre 
 The fonnes of old Aerates and Defpight ; 
 Aerates, fonne of Phlegeton and larre ; 
 ButPhlegeton is fonne of Plerebusand Night; 
 But Herebus fonne of Aeternitie is hight. 
 
 XLI. 2. Pyrochles] Corrected from the Errata. The lirll 
 and fccond editions read Pyrrhochles. Church. 
 
 Ibid. Pyrochles is his name, Sec] Compare the charader 
 of Hotfpur in Shakfpeare, Boyd. 
 
 XLI. 8. But Phlegeton is fonne &c.] So all the editions, 
 but they are certainly wrong, as the verfe has lix feet. Speu- 
 fer, I fliould think, wrote thus : 
 
 *' Aerates, fonne of Phlegeton and larre ; 
 " Phlegeton, fonne of Herebus and Night: 
 ** But Herebus &c." Church.
 
 CANTO IV. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 349 
 
 XLII. 
 
 " So from immortall race he does proceede, 
 .That mortal! hands may not withitand his 
 
 might, 
 Drad for his derring doe and bloody deed ; ^ 
 ]'or all in blood and fpoile is his delight. 
 
 I make no doubt that Spenfer gave it thus : 
 
 *' But Phlegeton, of Herebus and Night." 
 The conftruftion is very eafy and natural : " Both which are 
 the foils of Aerates and Defpight, Aerates fon of Phlegeton 
 and Jarre, but Phlegeton of Herebus and Night ; and Herebus 
 fon of iEternity is hight:" the two buts feeming to be the 
 printer's errour. Upton. 
 
 XLI. 8. fonne of Herebus and Night ;] Spenfer 
 
 is juft to mythology in reprefentiug Erebus and Night as mar- 
 ried. In another place this addrefs is made to Night : " Black 
 Erebus thy hufband is," F. Q. iii. iv. 55, T. Warton. 
 
 Phlegeton, according to Spenfer, is the fon of Erebus and 
 Nox ; according to Boccace, he is the fon of Cocytus ; and 
 mentioned as an infernal river and deity in Virgil, Mn. vi. 20.5. 
 
 " Dii quihu.s imperium eft animaruui, umbraeque filentes 
 
 " Et Chaos et Phlegethon " 
 Again, alluding to its etymology, jEn. vi. 550. 
 
 " Quae rapidiis flammis ambit torrentibus amnis 
 
 " Tartareus FItlegethon, torquetque fonantia faxa." 
 You fee then how properly this fiery infernal deity is the fup- 
 pofed father of Aerates. Jarre is the Litigium of Boccace, the 
 "E K of Homer, and the Difcurdia of Virgil. Aerates, ('Ax^arr,?,) 
 and Defpight, (Difpetto, malice, ill-mil, &:c.) are not mentioned 
 particularly by the mythologifts ; but they may be included 
 under thole vile affections of the mind, which are faid to be 
 the offspring of Night and Erebus. The fonnes of Aerates and 
 Defpight are Cpnochles and Pj/rochles; the former having his 
 name from y.vjA.x non modh fiuftus fed et variorum malorum fre- 
 quent ia et x^ivf gloria, meaning one who feeks for vain honours 
 in a fea of troubles ; the latter, from -arvp ignis et x^lo? gloria. 
 Jlternitie alio is mentioned in Boccace : " Sequitur de Mterni- 
 tate, quam ideo veteres Demogorgoni fociam dedere, ut is qui 
 nuUus erat videretur ajternus, &c." Upton. 
 
 XLII. 3. his derring doe] llvi daring deeds. 
 
 See the .note on derring doers, F. Q. iv. ii. 38. Todd.
 
 350 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK ll. 
 
 His am I Atin, his in wrong and right, 
 That matter make for him to worke upon, 
 * And ftirre him up to ftrlfe and cruell fight. 
 Fly therefore, fly this fearefull ftead anon, 
 
 Leaft thy foolhardize worke thy fad confufion/' 
 
 XLIII. 
 
 " His be that care, whom molt it doth concerne,'* 
 
 Sayd he : " but whether with fuch hafty flight 
 
 Art thou now bownd ? for well mote I difcerne 
 
 /,jjCJreat caufe, that carries thee fo fwifte and 
 
 '^r; light." 
 
 i5t".My Lord," quoth, b^" me ientj.ajod 
 -tja c-;^ ftreight behio-ht '^''''M'*\ <jf>i%m aj u., 
 
 To feeke Occafion, where fo fhe bee : 
 J] For he is all difpofd to bloody fight, 
 And breathes out wrath and hainous crueltee; 
 
 Hard is his bap, that firft fals in his ieopardee." 
 
 XLIV. > 
 
 " Mad man,'* faid then the Palmer, f* that 
 does feeke -^ f'^'^^ 
 
 XLII. 5* '! . " '^.Atin,'} The Squire of Pyrochles, the 
 ftirrer up of flrife and revenge. He has the name of a goddefsj 
 whom Homer mentions, and who had juft the fame offices 
 allotted her : 
 
 ATH, Jj ara>Ta? axrai. UPTON. 
 
 XLII. 8. ftead] That is, Jed, place. 
 
 Church. 
 
 XLIII. 5. ftreight behight] Stridly 
 
 commanded. Church. 
 
 XLIII. 6V uherefo Jke bee:] Occafion, in 
 
 this line, is to be pronounced in all its fyllables. Hughes pro- 
 nounces it as three fyllables, and gives " wherej'oere Ihe be." 
 w Church,
 
 CANTO IV. THE FAERIE QUEENE. S51 
 
 Occafion to wrath, and caufe of ftrife ; 
 Shee comes unfought, and ihonned followes 
 
 eke. .'Jo: 
 
 Happy ! who can abftaine, when Rancor rife 
 Kindles Revenge, and threats his rufty knife: 
 Woe never wants, where every caufe is 
 
 caught ; 
 And rafh Occafion makes unquiet life '/' 
 " Then loe ! wher bound (he fits, whom 
 
 thou haft fought," > 1 / . 
 
 Said Guyon ; " let that meflPage to thy Xbrd 
 
 be brought/* 
 
 That when the Varlett heard and faw, ftreight- 
 
 way '^' ' ^ '' '" 
 
 He wexed wondrous wroth, and faid ; " Vile 
 
 Knight, V ' ' " ' 
 
 That knights and knighthood doeft with 
 
 {hame upbray, 
 And ftiewft th' enfample of thy childiftie 
 
 might. 
 
 XLV. 2. Vile Knigif, 
 
 That knights and knighthood doejl withjhame upbray , 
 Andjheiv/i th' enfample of thy childijhe mighty 
 With filly weake old woman thus to fight ! 
 Great glory and gay fpoile fure aajt thou gott^ Al- 
 luding to Virgil, JEu. iv. 93. 
 
 " Egregiam vero laudeiii et fpolia ampla refertis, 
 
 " Tuque puerque tuus, magnum et memorabile uomen^ 
 
 " Una dolo div(im fi faemina vidaduorum eft." Jonxiy.
 
 352 THE FAERIE QUEEXE. BOOK IU> 
 
 With {illy weake old woman thus to fight ! 
 ^ . Great glory and gay fpoile Aire haft thou 
 
 gott, 
 -^ And ftoutly proved thy puiflaunce here in 
 
 .'^ii-; fight I. -^-.w;a; hlh ,-.:,.. r,, it ,^>u;..:^^ 
 
 That fhall Pyrochles well reqirite, I wott, 
 And with thy blood abolilh fo reprochfull blott.'* 
 
 ^ 'I I J;; .. XLVI. :? -O .n-f |;qA 
 
 With that, one of his thrillant darts he threw, 
 
 Headed with yre and vengeable defpight : 
 I The quivering fteele his aymed end wel knew^ 
 And to his brefl itfelfe intended right : 
 But he was wary, and, ere it empight 
 . In the meant marke^- adv^unft his fliield 
 atween, 
 On which it feizing no way enter mighty \ 
 But backe rebownding left the forckhead 
 keene: ;..,.^, .^ ,^^,. .^,, r 
 
 Eftfoones he fled away, aijui n;M^^K^ where 
 r >-A be feene. . , , ^f, ^ . ; 
 
 XLV. 5. thus to Jigfit /] This is the reading 
 
 of the i'econd edition, and feenis more perfpicuous than that 
 of the firft, which gives " t/iat did fight." Mr. Church, how- 
 ever, prefers the reading of the firft edition. All other edi- 
 tions read " thus to fight," except that of 1751, which reads 
 " t/ius did fight." Todd. 
 
 XLV. 6". Great glory &ic.] Ironically fpoken. Church. 
 
 XLVI. 1. his thrillant darts] His piercing 
 
 darts. See the note on thrilled, F. Q. iii. ii. 32. Todd.
 
 CANTO V. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 3J3 
 
 CANTO V. 
 
 Pyrochles does with Guyonjight, 
 
 And Furors chayne untyes, 
 Who him fore woiaids; whiles A tin to 
 
 Cymoc hies for aydjlyes. 
 
 1; 
 
 WHOEVER doth to Temperaunce applv 
 His ftedfaft life, and all his a6tions frame, 
 Truft me, Ihal find no greater enimy, 
 Then flub borne Perturbation^ to the fame ; 
 To which right wel the wile doe give that 
 
 name ; 
 For it the goodly peace of ftaied mindes 
 Does overthrow, and troublous warre pro- 
 
 clame : 
 
 Arg. 2. And Furors chayne untyes, 
 
 Who him /ore wounds ; whiles Atiii to 
 Cymochks for ayd flyes.] This is the reading of 
 the firft edition. The fecond edition reads, 
 " And Furors chayne unbinds : 
 " Of whome fore hurt, for his revenge 
 *' A tin Cyniochles^wc^s :" 
 All the later editions follow this reading, except thofe of 
 Church and Upton, which adhere to the firlt. Todd. 
 J. 5. To which right wel the wife doe give that name ; 
 For it the goodly peace ofjlaied mindes 
 Does overthrow,^ Perturbatio, k perturbando ; for i| 
 does overthrow the peace of the mind. " To which right well 
 the wife do give that name." See Cicero, Tnfc. Difp. iii. 11. 
 " Perturbatio, animi motus, vel rationis expers, vel -rationena 
 
 VOL. III. A a
 
 35-1 TH^TAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 His owne woes author, who fo bound it findes, 
 
 As did Pyrochles, and it wilfully unbindes. 
 
 .II. 
 
 After that Varlets flight, it was not long 
 Ere on the plaine faft pricking Guyon fpide 
 One in bright armes embatteiled full ftrong, 
 That, as the funny beames do glaunce and 
 
 glide 
 
 Upon the trembling wave, fo ftiined bright, 
 And round about him threw forth fparkling 
 
 fire, 
 That feemd him to enflame on every fide : 
 His ftced was bloody red, and fomed yre, 
 When with the maiftring fpur he did hirn 
 
 roughly ftire. 
 
 III. 
 Approching nigh, he never ftaid to greete, 
 Ne chafFar words, prowd corage to provoke, 
 
 afpernans, vel ration! non obediens : ifque motus aut boni atrt 
 mali opinione excitatur." Again, iv. 15. " Perturbationes, 
 quae funt turbidi animorum concitatique motus, averfi k ra- 
 tione et inimicifllmi nienti vitasque tranquillae." See alfo De 
 Finib. iii. 11, where we find the four perturbations bere cha- 
 ra^erifed by Spenfer ; cegritudo, i. e. forrow and difcomfort, 
 exemplified in the mother of the Babe with the bloody hand ; 
 formido, in Braggadocchio and Trompart ; libido, in Cymochles 
 and Acrafia; '%^oiyiy i. e. la;titia,ftu gcftUntis animi elatio volnp- 
 tutiria, in Phadria. Upton. 
 
 I. 8. His owne woes author, whofo bound ii findes,] That is, 
 he is the author of his own woes, wholoever finds Perturba- 
 tion bound or reftrained, and wilfully unbinds it, as here Py- 
 rochles did. Upton. 
 
 II. $. ftire.] Siiry incite. Lat. inci- 
 
 tttre^ See Junius. Church.
 
 GANtO V. THE FAfeRIE QUEENE. 5.45 
 
 But prickt fo fiers, that underneath liis feete 
 The fmouldring duft did rownd about him 
 
 fmoke, 
 Both horfe and man nigh able for to choke ; 
 And, fayrly couching his fteeleheaded fpcare, 
 Plim firft faluted with a fturd}^ ftroke : 
 It booted nought Sir Guyon, comming neare^ 
 To thiiicke fach hideous puiflaunce on foot to 
 
 beare ; 
 
 IV. 
 
 But hghtly ihunned it ; and, pafling by, 
 
 With his bright blade did fmite at him fo 
 
 fell, 
 That the Iharpe fteele, arriving forcibly 
 On his broad ftiield, bitt not, but glauncing 
 
 fell 
 On his horfe necke before the quilted fell, 
 And from the head the body fundred quight : 
 So him difmounted low he did compell 
 On foot with him to matchen equall fight ; 
 The truncked beaft fail bleeding did him fowly 
 
 dight. 
 
 IV. 1 . pojjtng by,"] As he paffed by, 
 
 en pajant. Chuhch. 
 
 IV. 5, On his horfe necke] See the note on It/on tvhelpcs, 
 F. Q. i. vi. 27. Church. 
 
 IV. 9. The truncked beqft] The beaft whofe body was with- 
 out the head. Lat. truncatiis, maimed or mangled. So, in 
 Lucan, " Trnncata corpora." Todd. 
 
 A a 2
 
 356 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II 
 
 - . V. 
 
 Sore bruzed with the fall he flow uprofe. 
 And all enraged thus him loudly flient ; 
 " Difleali Knight, whofe coward corage chofe 
 To wTeake itfelfe on beaft all innocent, 
 And fliund the marke at which it fliould be 
 
 ment ; 
 Therby thine armes feem ftrong, but man- 
 hood frayl : 
 So haft thou oft with guile thine honor blent ; 
 But litle may fuch guile thee now avayl, 
 If wonted force and fortune doe me not much 
 fayl." 
 
 V. 2. : Hicnt;] Reproached, blamed. 
 
 " Sccudcy to hurt, impaire. Scendud, hurt or blame : We yet ufe 
 the word y/i-fw^ for blame or rebuke:" Verftegan. " Germ. Ichcen- 
 deri, dedecorare, Anglo- Sax. j*cenban, to Jhame, to dij'grace. 
 Chaucer h&thjhetiden in the fame fenfe, viz. to blame, to J'poile, 
 to marr.e, to hurt ." Somn. Upton. 
 
 V. 3. Difleali Knight,] The word difleali, from tbe Italian 
 difieale, as Mr. Upton alfo has obferved, frequently occurs in 
 the old romances, and carries with it the higheft aflront, figni- 
 fying perjidious, treacherous, &c. And thus, in French, leal 
 imported every thing becoming the character of a worthy 
 knight. It is thus recorded on the tomb of Melf. Ferry de 
 Croy, Seigneur de Raux, &c. in the Abbey de S. Fueillein, 
 that, in all the high offices which he had filled, he had behaved 
 " comme bon and leal Chevalier fans faire faute, jufques h. la 
 fin, &c." See Le Maufolee de la Toifon d' Or, &c. Amfr. 
 1689,. p. 100. Todd. 
 
 Ibid. corage] Corage is heart, or 
 
 mind. Coragium, in the bafe Latinity, was ufed for cor. 
 
 Uptox. 
 
 V. 7. blent ;] Confounded, fpoiled 
 
 with mixing. Anglo- Sax. blenban, mi/cere, coiifundere. 
 
 Upton*. 
 
 V. 9. doe me not "much fay 1.1 This is 
 
 altered in all the editions, but the firft, into " doe not me much
 
 CANTO V. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 357 
 
 VI. 
 
 With that he drew his flaming fword, and 
 ftrooke 
 At him fo fiercely, that the upper marge 
 Of his fevenfolded fliield away it tooke, 
 And, glauncing on his helmet, made a large 
 And open gafli therein : were not his targe 
 That broke the violence of his intent, 
 The weary fowle from thence it would dif- 
 
 charge ; 
 Natheleffe fo fore a buff to him it lent, 
 That made him reele, and to his breft his bever 
 bent. 
 
 VII. 
 
 Exceeding wroth was Guy on at that blow, 
 And much afhamd that ftroke of living arme 
 Should him difmay,^ and make him ftoup fo 
 
 low. 
 Though other wife it did him litle harme : 
 Tho, hurling high his yron-braced arme, 
 
 fayl." To make the accent fall ftronger on mc, I would rather 
 reiid " doe fiot m^ inuch fayl." Upton. 
 
 The edition of 1751 had given, without authority and with- 
 out remark, the very reading propofed by IMr. Upton. Mr. 
 Church follows the fidf edition. Tonfon's edition of 1758 ad- 
 heres to the fecond and fubfequent editions, " doe not much 
 me fayl." Todd. 
 
 VI. 2. the vpper marge 
 
 Of his seren-J'olded Jhicld] This feems to be Virgil's 
 " clypei extremes feptemplicis orbes," jE/i. xii. 925. 
 
 T. W4RT0N. 
 
 VII. 5. Tho, hurling high his yron-braced arm(,] Read, 
 as one word, yron-braced : Then hurling aloft his arm which 
 
 A a 3
 
 55B THE FAERIE QUEENE. i^OOK II, 
 
 He fmote fo manly on his {lioulder plate, 
 That all his left tide it did quite difarme ; 
 Yet there the fteel ftayd not, but inly bate 
 Deepe in his flelh, and opened wide a red 
 floodgate. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Deadly difmayd with horror of that dint 
 Pyrochles was, and grieved eke entyre ; 
 Yet nathemore did it his fury ftint, 
 But added flame unto his former fire, 
 That v^'el-nigh molt his hart in raging yre i 
 
 was braced about with iron armour, tr^x^-v a(r(T%oj*iyo;, Horn. 
 li. y. 3()2, <pa.aya.vu cii^x(;, II. %. 45^. Compare Virgil, Mn^ 
 xii. 729. 
 
 " corpore toto 
 
 " Alte fublatum confurgit Turnus in enfem.'' 
 And F. Q. i. viii. 16. 
 
 " high advancing his blood-thirftie blade." UpToy. 
 "^'11. 8. Yet there the ftetl Jtayd ?wt, &c.] The fword of 
 Michael thus cuts afunder the fword of Satan ; 
 
 *' norjlaid ; 
 
 *' But with %ift wheel reverfe, deep entering, fhar'd 
 " All bis right fide" Far. L. B. vi. 315. 
 Spenfer ufes the fame expreffion, Y. Q. iv. iv. 24. " The 
 wicked ^et\ejiaid not, &c." Todd. 
 
 Ibid. but inlif bate] That is, 
 
 did bite. As ate from eat ; tavght from teach ; fo hate from 
 bite. Though the rhyme may excufe, yet 'tis to be defended 
 from analogy. lie fays juft above, it. 4, " the rtiarpe fteele 
 bitt not." This expreffion he ufes very often. See V. Q. i. v. 
 p, i. vii, 48. So his friend Sidney, Arcad. p. 255. " His ene- 
 mies had felt how fliarp the fword could bite of Philoclea's 
 lover." Upton. 
 
 Mr. Warton has adduced various paffages from Chaucer in 
 which biting is applied to fuord ; and from which, although 
 fimilar expreffions might be cited from other ancient poets, 
 jSpenfer moft probably adopted it. Todd,
 
 CANTO V. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 359 
 
 Ne thenceforth his approved Ikill, to ward, 
 Or ftrike, or hurtle rownd in warhke gyre, 
 Remembred he, ne car'd for his faufgard, 
 But rudely rag'd, and like a cruell tygre iar'd. 
 
 IX. 
 He hewd, and laflit, and foynd, and thondred 
 blowes, 
 And every way did feeke into his life ; 
 Ne plate, ne male, could ward fo mighty 
 throwes, 
 
 VIII. 7. Or ft r ike, or hurtle roivnd in warlike gyre, ^ Hurtle 
 is corrupted in all the editions except the firft. " To hurtle 
 rownd in warlike gyre," is to fkirmifli wheeling round the foe, 
 trying to ftrike him with advantage. See Ariolto, C. xlv. 74. 
 
 " Or da un lato, or da un' altro il va tentando, 
 " Quando di qu-^, quando di la s'aggira." 
 Again, C. xlvi. 131. 
 
 *' L'uno, e I'altro s'aggira, e fcuote, e preme." 
 
 Uptox. 
 
 Ibid. hurtle'] This is the reading of the firft 
 
 edition, which the edition of 1751, Church's. Upton's, and 
 Tonfon's of 1758, follow. The fecond edition reads hurle ', 
 the reft, hurlen. See the note on hurtle, F. Q. i. iv. \6. Todd. 
 
 IX. 1. foynd,] Pu/hed as in fencing. 
 
 Often ufed by Spenfer. Died alfo by Chaucer. Fr, Join, a 
 thrull, poincire, ferire. Upton. 
 
 IX. 3. Ne plate, ne male,] See the fame expreflion, F. Q. 
 i. vi. 43. See alfo Milton, Par. L. B. vi. 36"8. " Mangled 
 with ghaftly wounds through plate and 7nail ;" on which words 
 Richardfon has obferved that plate is the broad folid armour, 
 and 7nail is that compofed of fmall pieces like fliells, or fcales 
 of fiih laid one over the other, &c. The old poets, I may 
 add, were attentive to the diftindition. Thus, in the ancient 
 Mji/iery of Candlemas^Day, printed in Hawkins's Origin of the 
 Eng. l3raina, vol. i. p. 18, a foldicr fays to Herod; 
 " Full fuerly harneyfed in arms oi plate and maile, 
 " The children of Ifraell unto deth we have brought." 
 
 TOBD. 
 
 A a 4
 
 3^0 THE FAERIE QUEENE, BOOK JI. 
 
 Bat yielded paflage to his cruell knife. 
 But Guyon, in the heat of all his ftrife^^ 
 Was wary wife, and clofely did awayt ; 
 Avauijtage, whileft his foe did rage nioft rife ; 
 Sometimes athwart, fometimes he ftrook him 
 ftrayt. 
 
 And falfed oft his blowes t' illude him with fucb 
 bayt. '>.:--, . ; 
 
 -,, : . X, 
 
 Like as a lyon, whofe imperiall powre 
 A prowd rebellious unicorn defyes, 
 
 IX. 6. Was wary wife,] See the note on tcife and wary, 
 F. Q. ii. i. 4. Todd. 
 
 IX. 9. And falfed oft his blowes] That is, he made feints; 
 he fallified his thruft in fencing by making feigned pafles. 
 Chaucer fays of Crefeide ; '^ ihe fa/fed Troilus," L. v. 1053. 
 i. e. fhe acted falfely by, fhe deceived, Troilus. From the Ital. 
 
 falfare. Upton. 
 
 X. 1. Like as a lyon, whofe imperiall powre 
 
 A prowd rebellious vnicorn defyes, &c.] As to the 
 ftories told of the fighting of the lyon and unicorn, they are 
 fit for children, though told by grave writers. Rebellinvs he 
 calls it, according to what is faid of the unicorn, in Job 
 xxxix. 10, and by the commentators: See Bochart concerning 
 this creature, and its precious and wonderful horn. The fol- 
 lowing is tranflated from Gefner, " The unicorn is an enemy 
 to lyons ; wherefore as foon as ever a lyon feeth a unicorn, he 
 runneth to a tree for fuccour, that fo, when the unicorn maketh 
 at him, he may not only avoid his horn, but alio deftroy him : 
 for the unicorn, in the fwiftnefs of his courfe, runneth againft 
 the tree, wherein his (harp horn fticketh faft : then, when the 
 lyon feeth the unicorn fattened by the horn, without all danger 
 he falleth upon him, and killeth him. Thefe things are re- 
 ported by a king of ^llthiopia in a Hebrew epiftle unto the 
 biihop of Rome. They fpeak of the horn as the moft ex- 
 cellent remedy in the world. There was brought unto the 
 king of France a very great unicorn's horn, valued a^ 'four- 
 fcore thoufaijd ducats," Upton.
 
 CANTO V. THE FAERIE QUEENE. S6l 
 
 T' avoide the rafli afTault and wrathful ilowre 
 Of his fiers foe, him to a tree apply es, 
 And when him ronning in full courfe he fpyes, 
 lie flips afide ; the whiles that furious beaft 
 His precious home, fought of his enimyes, 
 Strikes in the flocke, ne thence can be releaft. 
 But to the mighty vi<5lor yields a bounteous feaft. 
 
 XI. 
 
 AVith fuch faire fleight him Guyon often fayld, 
 Till at the lall all breathlefle, weary, faint, 
 Him Ipying, with frelh onfett he affayld, 
 And, kindling new his corage feeming queint, 
 Strooke him fo hugely, that through great 
 
 conftraint 
 He made him ftoup perforce unto his knee, 
 And doe unwilling w^orfliip to the Saint, 
 That on his Ihield depainted he did fee ; 
 
 Such homage till that inftant never learned hee. 
 
 XII. 
 Whom Guyon feeing ftoup, pourfewed faft 
 The preient offer of faire vi6tory, 
 And foone his dreadful! blade about he cafi, 
 
 XI. 1. fayld,] Deceived. Lat. 
 
 fallcre. So, in F. Q. iii. xi. 46". " So lively and fo like, that 
 living fenfe itj'aj//d." Church. 
 
 XI. 4. queint,] For quencht, 
 
 extiuguifhed. Chukch. 
 
 XI. 7. to the Saint, &c.] He calls 
 
 her " that heavenly JNIayd," meaning Gloriana, F. Q. ii. i 28. 
 See alio F. Q. ii. viii. 43. Church. 
 
 XII. 3. And foone his dreadfuU blade about he c/?,] Virg. 
 .<'. ix. 441. " Rotat enfem fulmineum." Upton.
 
 36^ THE PAERIE QUEENE. BOOK IT. 
 
 Wherewith he fmote his haughty creft fo hje, 
 That ftreight on grownd made him full low 
 
 to lye ; 
 Then on his brell his vi6^or foote he thrufl : 
 With that he cryde ; " Mercy, doe me not 
 
 dye, 
 Ne deeme thy force by fortunes doome uniuft. 
 That hath (maugre her fpight) thus low me laid 
 
 in dull." 
 
 > >^ 
 
 XII. o. Then on his brejl his xnfl or foote he thrvji ;] This is 
 according to ancient cuftom. " And it came to pafs, when 
 they brought out thofe kings unto Jofliua, that Jofliua called 
 for all the men of Ifrael, and faid unto the captains of the 
 men of war, which went with him. Come ne^r, pvt your feet 
 upon the necks of than." Hence, figuratively, for fnbjedion 
 and fervitude 'tis frequently ufed, Pf. viii.^ I Cor. xv. 25, 
 Heb. ii. 8, Hom. //. ^'. 63, Virg. ^n. x. 495, Taflb, C, ix. 80. 
 Spenfer frequently alludes to this cuftom ; it may not there- 
 fore be improper to mention it this once. Upton. 
 
 XII. 7. he] Pyrochles. Church. 
 
 XII. 8. Ne deeme thy force by fortunes &c.] A friend of 
 mine thinks it might be, 
 
 " Ne deeme thy force, but fortunes doome uniuft, 
 " That hath kc" 
 That is, Deem it not to be thy force, but the unjuft doom of 
 fortune, that hath overthrown me : Do not afcribe it to thy 
 ftrength, but to unjuft fortune. Joktix. 
 
 There feems to be no occafion to alter the text. The 
 fenfe, I think, is, Take not an eftimate of thy ftrength from 
 the unjuft determination of fortune. The expreflion is parallel 
 to F. Q. vi. i. 39. 
 
 " Ah ! mercie. Sir, do me not flay, 
 
 " But fave my life, which lot before your foot doth lay." 
 
 Church. 
 
 XII. 9. < maugre //er ,/pjg^^] See alfo F. Q. iii. 
 
 V. 7. Perhaps he ufes maugre in tliefe places, as an impre- 
 cation, Curfe on it. But this is propofed as an uncertain con- 
 jecture. In F. Q. iii. iv. 15, and in other places, he ufes
 
 CANTO V. THE FAERIE QUEENE, ti63 
 
 XIU. 
 
 Eftfoones Ills cruel hand Sir Guy on ftayd, 
 Tempring the painon with aclvizement flow, 
 And maiftring might on enimy difmayd ; 
 For th' equall die of warre he well did know : 
 Then to him faid ; " I^ive, and uUeagaunce 
 
 owe 
 To him, that gives thee life and liberty ; 
 And henceforth by this daies enfample trow, 
 That hafty wroth, and heedlefle hazard ry, 
 Doe breede repentaunce late, and lafting in* 
 . amy. 
 
 XIV, 
 So up he Jet him rife ; w ho, with grim looke 
 And Gount'naunce Heme upftanding, gan to 
 
 grind 
 His grated teeth for great difdeigne, and 
 
 (hooke 
 His fandylockes, long hanging downe behind, 
 
 maiigre in the common way, maugre thee, in fpight of thee ; 
 but again he ul'es it in a different way, F. Q. vi. iv. 40. 
 
 JoRTl?r. 
 Mr. Upton agrees with Dr. Jortin, in confidering maugre as 
 an imprecation in the prefent inftance. Several examples of 
 maitgre, in different fenles, will be found noticed in their 
 r<!lpedive places. Todd. 
 
 XIII. 4. For iW equall die &c.] So all the editions. The 
 fciil'e, 1 think, requires that we fhould read, " For th' unequall 
 die 6ic." So, in F. Q. i. ii. 36. 
 
 " In which his harder fortune was to fall 
 
 ' Under my fpeare ; fuch is the di/e of xvarre." 
 
 CiiuRcir. 
 
 XIII. 7. trow,] Believe. So it is 
 
 ufed by G. Douglas. Ciiuucii.
 
 354 JHE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Knotted in blood and duft, for grief of mind 
 That he in ods of armes was conquered ; 
 Yet in himfelfe fome comfort he did find. 
 That him fo noble Knight had mayftered ; 
 Whofe bounty more then might, yet both, he 
 wondered. 
 
 XV. 
 
 Which Guyon marking faid ; " Be nought 
 
 agriev'd, 
 Sir Knight, that thus ye now fubdewed arre : 
 Was never man, who moft conqueftes at- 
 
 chiev'd, 
 But fome times had the worfe, and loft by 
 
 warre ; 
 Yet ihortly gaynd, that lofle exceeded farre : 
 LolTe is no fhame, nor to bee leffe then foe ; 
 But to bee leffer then himfelfe doth marre 
 Both loofers lott, and vi6lours prayfe alfoe : 
 
 XIV. 9. bounty] Generofity. Church. 
 
 XV. 3. moft] Greatejl. See the 
 
 note on ft. 33. " 3Ioft delights." Todd. 
 
 XV. 5. Yetjhortly gaynd, that Iqffe exceeded farre .] The 
 which gain far exceeded the lofs. Upton. 
 
 XV. 7. But to bee lefl'er then MmJ'elJ'c] This is a Grecifm, 
 inlu* iv5, minor, i. e. inferior feipj'o. So again, in ft. 16. 
 
 " That in thyfelf thy lejj'er parts doe move ;" 
 i. e. thofe parts which are inferior and ought to be fubfervient 
 to the more noble part. " Minor in certamine," Hor. L. i. 
 Epift. X. And Milton, Par. L. B. v. J 01. 
 
 " But know that in the foul 
 
 " Are many te/J'er faculties that ferve 
 
 " ileafon as chief:" 
 
 Jjcjfer, that is, inferior. Upton. 
 
 XV. 8. ' : alfoe :^ The reader will
 
 CANTO V. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 365 
 
 Vaine others overthrowes who felfe doth over- 
 throw. 
 
 XVI. 
 " Fly> O Pyrochles, fly the dreadful warre 
 That in thyfelfe thy lefTer partes do move ; 
 Outrageous Anger, and woe-working larre, 
 Direfull Impatience, and hart-murdring Love : 
 Thofe, thole thy foes, thofe warriours, far 
 
 remove, 
 Which thee to endleffe bale captived lead. 
 But, fith in might thou didft my mercy prove, 
 Of courtehe to mee the caufe aread 
 That thee againft me drew with fo impetuous 
 dread.'' 
 
 XVII. 
 " DreadleiTe,'' faid he, " that fhall I foone 
 declare t 
 It was complaind that thou hadft done great 
 
 tort 
 Unto an aged Woman, poore and bare. 
 
 often find, in our old poets, fimilar adaptations for the fake 
 of the rhyme. Thus in the Mirour of Mag. edit. I6IO, p. 452. 
 " The found be hateful of thy name aljo." Todd. 
 
 XV. 9. Vaine others overthrowes -who felfe doth overthrow.} 
 The way to underftand Spenfer is to tranflate him : " Fruftra 
 alios fubvertit, qui fe lubvertit." You fee he is omitted, and 
 felfe is for himfelf: He in vain overthrows others, who doth 
 overthrow himfelf. Uptox. 
 
 Ibid. v/ho felfe] This is the reading 
 
 of Spenfer's own editions, which the editions of 1751, of 
 Church, Upton, and Tonfon's in 1758, follow. The reft cor- 
 ruptly read " whofe felfe." Todd.
 
 $66 the faerie QUENE* fiOGK If* 
 
 Arid thralled her in chaines with flrong effort, 
 Voide of all fuccour and needfull comf6rt : 
 That ill befeemes thee, fuch as I thee fee, 
 Toworke fuch fhame: Therefore I thee exhort 
 To chaunge thy will, and fet Occafion free. 
 And to her captive Sonne yield his firft libertee/' 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 Thereat Sir Guyon fmylde ; " And is that all,'' 
 Said he, " that thee fo fore difpleafed hath ? 
 Great mercy fure, for to enlarge a thrall, 
 AVhofe freedom fhall thee turne to greateil 
 
 fcath ! 
 Nath'leiYe now quench thy whott emboyling 
 
 wrath : 
 Loe ! there they bee ; to thee I yield them 
 
 free." 
 Thereat he, wondrous glad, out of the path 
 Did lightly leape, where he them bound did 
 
 fee. 
 And gan to breake the bands of their captivitee. 
 
 XVIII. 3. Great mercy &c.] Fr. Grandmerci. A great 
 favour ; it deferves great thanks ! Ironically fpokeii. See 
 F. Q. ii. iv. 45, and ii. vii. 50. Church. 
 
 XVIII. 4. fcath !] Damage. See the 
 
 note on fcath, F. Q. i. xii. 34. The Scotch have the following 
 proverb : " Better two Jkaiths nor ane forrow." See Adagia 
 Scotica, 12mo. l6'68. Todd. 
 
 XVIII. 5. whott] JFhot was no un- 
 common fpelling of hot. See the note on uhoty F. Q. ii. i. 58. 
 And the tranflation of Boccace's Amorous Fianietta, by Bartho- 
 lomew Young of the Middle Temple, 4to. bl. 1. 1587- fol. 63. 
 " The weather (according to the feafon of the yeere) beeing 
 veriexihot." Todd.
 
 CANTO V. THE FAERIE QUEENE. ^67 
 
 XIX. 
 
 Soone as Occafion felt her felfe iintyde, 
 Before her Sonne could well aflbjled bee> 
 She to her ufe returnd, and ftreight defjde 
 Both G uyon and Pyrochles ; th' one (faid 
 
 fliee) 
 Bycaufe he wonne ; tlie other, becaufe hee 
 Was wonne : So matter did (he make of 
 
 nought, 
 To ftirre up flrife, and garre them difagree : 
 But, foone as Furor was enlargd, Ihe fought 
 To kindle his quencht fyre, and thoufand caufes 
 wrought. 
 
 XX. 
 It was not long ere (he inflamed him fo, 
 
 That he would algates with Pyrochles fight. 
 And his redeemer chalengd for his foe, 
 Becaufe he had not well mainteind his right. 
 
 XIX. 2. aflbyled] Releafed, or 
 
 freed, as in T. Lodge's Sonnet, prefixed to B. Riche's Advew 
 tares of Simonides, bl. 1, 4to. 1584. 
 
 " he, that fcornes the fruite of honeft toile, 
 
 " From bace regard hymfelf can fcarce ajfoile'' 
 See alfo the note on aj'oile, F. Q. i. x. 52. Todd. 
 
 XIX. 4. faid ftiee] The two firll 
 
 editions read hee. This incorret^nefs is followed in the edition 
 of 1751. The folio of l609 had rightly altered it to Jhee, which 
 all other editions have admitted. Todd. 
 
 XIX. 7. garre] Caufe. See the note on garre, 
 
 Shep. Cal. April, ver. 1. The fecond edition reads do inftead 
 of garre, which many editions have followed. The editions 
 of Church, Upton, and Tonfon's in 1758, adhere to the ori- 
 ginal word ^arre. ToDD,
 
 3^S THE FAERIE QUEEXE. BOOK It* 
 
 But yielded had to that fame ftraungen 
 
 Knight. 
 Now gari Pyrochles wex as wood as hee, 
 And him affronted with impatient might : 
 So both together fiers engrafped bee, 
 Whyles Guy on Handing by their uncouth ftrife 
 
 does fee. 
 
 XXI. 
 Him all that while Occalion did provoke 
 Againft Pyrochles, and new matter fram'd 
 Upon the old, him ftirring to bee wroke 
 Of his late wronges, in which Ihe oft him 
 
 blam'd 
 For fulfering fuch abufe as knighthood (ham 'd, 
 And him diihabled quyte : But he was wife, 
 Ne would with vaine occalions be inflam'd ; 
 
 1KX. 7. affronted] Oppofed. See the note on 
 
 affronted, F. Q. i. viii. 13. Todd. 
 
 XXI. 6. diihabled] LeJJhied. Lat. extenuare. 
 
 See Junius. Church. 
 
 XXI. 7. occafions] So the firft and 
 
 fecond editions read, which the edition of 1751 follows. The 
 folios, and Hughes read occafton. As Occajion is all along re- 
 prefented as a perfon, poflibly Spenfer might here give e- 
 ckeafo7is, which would have prevented that jumble of ideas 
 which arifes from either of the former readings. Occafions, 
 as in the folios and in Hughes, is plainly wrong, as the word, 
 (whatever it might be) ought to be of the plural number. 
 
 Church. 
 . Tlie. editions of Upton, and Tonfon in 1758, follow the 
 poet's own reading alfo. The jumble of ideas, of which Mr. 
 Church complains, feem:i not to l.vve occurred in Spenfer's 
 mind ; for he altered a paffage in his fecond edition, where 
 occafton is twice introduced in the ftahza, with injury perhaps
 
 tANTO V. THE FAEIUE QUEENE. S(j9 
 
 Yet others flie more urgent did devife : 
 Yet nothing could him to impatience entife. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 Their fell contention ftill increafed more, 
 And more thereby increafed Furors might, 
 That he his foe has hurt and wounded lore. 
 And him in blood and durt deformed quight. 
 His Mother eke, more to augment his i'pight, 
 Now brought to him a flaming fjer-brond, 
 Which fhe in Stygian lake, ay burning 
 
 bright. 
 Had kindled : that fhe gave into his bond, 
 That armd with fire more hardly he mote him 
 
 withftond. 
 
 in the opinion of fome criticks, to tlie perfonification ; but 
 with judicious effeft, in the opinion of others. See the note 
 on F. Q. ii. iv. 17. Todd. 
 
 XXII. 5. his fpight,] This is the 
 
 reading of Spenfer's own editions, to which thofe of 1731, of 
 Church, Upton, and Tonfon's in 1758, adhere. The reft cor- 
 ruptly read ^^ his f prig /it." Todd. 
 
 XXII. 6. a flaming fyer-brond, 
 
 Which JJie in Stygian lake, ay burning bright, 
 Had kindled :'\ Mr. Upton, upon fuppofition 
 that we refer ai/ burning to fyer-brond, does not approve of 
 reading ai/ burning, but y-biirning. He is unwilling to join ay 
 (or y) burning to Stygian lake ; for, fays he, the lake of brim- 
 ilone burned not bright, but only ferved to make darknefs 
 vifible. I allow, that Milton's idea of this lake was, that it 
 ferved to make darknefs vijible, Par. L. B. i. 63. But might 
 not Spenfer's idea of the Stygian lake be different from Mil* 
 ton's ? The poet has given us the fame image and allegory in 
 another place, F. Q. iv. ii. 1. 
 
 " Firebrand of hell, firft tynd in Phlegeton 
 " By thoufand Furies " T. Wautox, 
 
 VOL. III. B b
 
 370 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 Tlio gan that Villein wex fo fiers and ftrong, 
 That nothing might fuftaine his furious forfe : 
 He caft him downe to ground, and all along 
 Drew him through durt and myre without 
 
 remorfe, 
 And fowly battered his comely corfe. 
 That Guy on much difdeignd fo loathly fight. 
 At laft he was compeld to cry perforfe, 
 " Help, O Sir Guy on ! helpe, mod noble 
 Knight, 
 
 To ridd a wretched man from handes of helhih 
 
 wdght !" 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 The Knight was greatly moved at his playnt, 
 And gan him dight to fuccour his diftreffe. 
 Till that the Palmer, by his grave reftraynt, 
 Him ftayd from yielding pitifull redreflfe, 
 And faid ; " Deare fonne, thy caufelefle ruth 
 
 reprefle, 
 Ne let thy ftout hart melt in pitty vayne : 
 Hq that his forrow fought through wilfulnefTe, 
 And his foe fettred would releafe agayne, 
 
 Deferves to tafte his follies fruit, repented 
 payne/' 
 
 XXIII. 1. Tho gan that Viligin] So Spenfer's own editions 
 read, to which the editions of 1751, Hughes's feoond edition. 
 Church's, Upton's, and Tonfon's in 17i58, adhere. The reft 
 j-ead, " Tho gan the Villein." Todd. 
 
 XXIV. 2. j4nd gan him dig^t] And was making himfelf 
 ready. CiiuBCH,
 
 CANTO V. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 371 
 
 XXV. 
 
 Guyon obayd : So him away he drew 
 From needlefle trouble of renewing fight 
 Already fought, his voyage to pourfew. 
 But ralh Pyrochles varlett, A tin hight, 
 When late he faw his Lord in heavie plight, 
 Under Sir Guyons puifTaunt ftroke to fall, 
 Him deeming dead, as then he feemd in 
 
 fight, 
 Fledd faft away to tell his funerall 
 Unto his brother, whom Cymochles men did 
 
 call. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 He was a man of rare redoubted might, 
 
 Famous throughout the world for warlike 
 
 prayfe, 
 And glorious fpoiles, purchaft in perilous fight : 
 Full many doughtie Knightes he in his dayes 
 Had doen to death, fubdewde in equall frayes; 
 Whofe carkafes, for terrour of his name, 
 Of fowles and beaftes he made the piteous 
 
 prayes, 
 And hong their conquerd armes for more 
 
 defame 
 On gallow trees, in honour of his deareft Dame. 
 
 XXVI. 8. And hong their conquerd armes &c.] It was the 
 cuftom, in the ages of romance, to fufpend the ihields of the 
 conquered on trees. Thus, in Pahnerin of England, P. i. 
 Ch. 62. Eng. TranO. " When he had beheld the cattle h6 
 defired fo long to fee,-^be came to th tre* xohkh k*fuw vnu
 
 372 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 11^ 
 
 XXVII, 
 
 His deareft Dame is that Enchaunterefle, 
 The vyle Acrafia, that with vaine dehghtes. 
 And ydle pleafures in her Bowre of BHflfe, 
 Does charme her lovers, and the feeble 
 
 fprightes 
 Can call out of the bodies of fraile wightes ; 
 Whom then (he does trasforme to monftrous 
 
 hewes. 
 And horribly mislhapes with ugly lightes, 
 Captiv'd eternally in yron mewes 
 
 And darkfom dens, where Titan his face never 
 
 fliewes. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 There xA.tin fownd Cymochles foiourning, 
 To ferve his Lemans love : for he by kynd 
 
 laden with the Jheelds of the vahquijlied Knights, whofe names 
 being fubfcribed underneath every one, made him to have 
 knowledge of divers that had beene there foyled." And thus, 
 in Hawes's Hijl. of Graunde Amoure, edit. 1554. Sign. Y. i. 
 
 *' Befides this gyaunt, vpon euery tree 
 
 " I didfe hang many a goodly Jhelde 
 
 *' Of noble Knightes that were of hye degree, 
 
 " Which he had flayne, &c," Todd. 
 
 XXVIL 6. trasforme] He follows the 
 
 Italian fpelling, trasformare. The fecond and fubfequeut 
 editions read transforme. Upton. 
 
 XXVII. 8. ' in yron taew&^l Prifons. 
 
 See the note on meucs, F. Q. i. v. 20. Todd. 
 
 XXVIII. 2. Aw Leman's /ore .] The word lemony 
 
 which often occurs in oiir old romances and poetry, fignifies 
 a fioeetheart, a concubine. Minftiew derives it from the Fr. 
 U mignoii, a darling, a favourite : " Others," fays Ruddiman, 
 ** derive it from Teut. lade?i, to invite, a man, q. d, ladmaUy 
 as pellex h, fsUicicndo. But Mr. lienfliaw (which I prefer) de-
 
 CANTO V. THE FAERIE QUEEXE; 37S 
 
 Was given all to luft and loofe living, 
 Whenever his fiers handes he free mote fynd : 
 And now he has pourd out his ydle mynd 
 In daintie delices and laviih ioyes, 
 Having his warlike weapons caft behynd, 
 And flowes in pleafures and vaine pleafing 
 
 tojes, 
 Mingled emongft loofe ladies and lafcivious 
 
 boyes. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 And over him art, ftryving to compayre 
 With nature, did an arber greene difpred, 
 
 rives it from the Fr. l' aimante, a fweetheart, amajiu, arnica.'' 
 See Gloff. G. Douglas. Spenfer frequently employs the word. 
 
 Todd. 
 
 Ibid. by hynd\ From his 
 
 natural difpofitioa. Church. 
 
 XXVIII. 6. delices] Delights. See the note 
 
 on delices, F. Q, iv. x. 6'. Todd. 
 
 XXIX. 1. And oxer him art, Jlryving to compayre 
 
 With nature, did an arber green dij'pred,^ This 
 whole epifode is taken from Taflb, C, l6, where Rinaldo is 
 defcribed in dalliance with Armida. The bower of blifs is her 
 garden. 
 
 *' Stimi (fi mifto il culto h col negletto) 
 " Sol naturali e gli ornamenti, e i fiti, 
 " Di natura arte par, che per diletto 
 " L'imitatrice fua fcherzando imiti. 
 See alfo Ovid, Met. iii. 157. 
 
 " Cujus in extremo efl antrum nemorale receflu, 
 " Arte laboratum nulla, fimulaverat artem 
 " Ingenio natura fuo : nq,m pumice vivo, 
 " Et lenibus tophis nativum duxerat arcum. 
 *' Fons fonat ci dextrd, tenui perlucidus undd, 
 " Margine graniineo patulos incindlus hiatus." 
 
 Uptox. 
 If this paflage may be compared with Taflb's elegant de- 
 fcription of Armida's garden, Milton's pleafant grove may vie ~ 
 
 B b3
 
 ^7^ THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Framed of wanton yvie, flouring fayre. 
 Through which the fragrant eglantine did 
 
 fpred 
 His prickling armes, entrayld with rofes red, 
 Which daintie odours round about them 
 
 threw : 
 And all within with flowres was garnifhed. 
 That, when my Id Zephyr us emongft them 
 
 blew, 
 Did breath out bounteous fmels, and painted 
 
 colors {hew. 
 
 XXX. 
 And fall befide there trickled foftly downe 
 A gentle flreame, whofe murmuring wave did 
 play 
 
 with both. See Par. Reg. B. ii. 289 to 2.98. He is, however, 
 under oljligatioiis to thelylvan fcene of Speiifer before us. IVIr. 
 .T. C. Walker, to whom the literature of Ireland and of Italy 
 is highly indebted, has mentioned to me his furprife that the 
 writers on modern gardening ihould have overlooked the 
 beautiful paftoral defcrijition in this and the two following 
 ftanzas. It is worthy a place, he adds, in the Eden of Milton. 
 Spenfer, on this occafion, loft fight of the " trim gardens" of 
 Italy and I'ngland, and drew from the treafures of his own 
 rich imagination. Todd. 
 
 XXIX. 5. prickling] So the firft edition reads, to 
 
 which thofe only of 1751, of Church, and of Upton, adhere. 
 All the reft read pricking. To d d. 
 
 XXX. 1. And J aft bejide there trickled foftly dorcne 
 
 A gentle Jheame, 6ic.] Compare the following 
 f^anza in the continuation of the Orlando Innamorato,hy Nicolo 
 degli Agoftini, Lib. iv. C. p. 
 
 " Ivi e un mormorio affai foave, e baflb, 
 
 " Che ogniun che 1' ode lo fa addornientare, 
 " L' acqua, ch' io diffi gia pei entro un fallb 
 " E parea che diceffe nel fonare,
 
 CANTO V. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 375 
 
 Emongft the pumy ftones, and made a fowne. 
 To lull him Ibft afleepe that by it lay : 
 The wearie traveiler, wand ring that way, 
 Therein did often quench his thrifty heat. 
 And then by it his wearie limbes difplay, 
 ( Whiles creeping flomber made him to forget 
 His former payne,) and wypt away his toillbm 
 fweat. 
 
 XXXI. 
 And on the other fyde a pleafaunt grove 
 Was (hott up high, full of the ftately tree 
 That dedicated is t' Olympick love, 
 
 " Vatti ripofa, ormai fei flanco, e laflb, 
 " E gli augeletti, che s' udian cantare, 
 " Ne la dolce armonia par che ogn' un dica, 
 " Deh vien, e dormi ne la piaggia aprica." 
 
 Spenfer's obligations to this poem I'eem to have efcaped the 
 
 notice of his commentators. J. C. WALKEa. 
 
 XXX. 6'. thrijly] So Spenfer's own 
 
 editions read. See the note on thrifty, F. Q. i. x. 38. The 
 folios, Hughes's editions, and Tonfon's of 1758, improperly 
 read thirfty. Todd. 
 
 XXXI. 1. And on the other fyde &c.] It is not eafy to 
 know what Spenfer had in his mind here. At the Olympick 
 Games the vidors were crowned with the wild olive ; at the 
 Nemean Games, with parjly. I know of no viftory which 
 Hercules gained in Nemea, except his killing the lion there. 
 Hercules was crowned with the wild olive at the Olympick 
 Games. His favourite tree, however, \\a.s iixQ poplar. 
 
 JORTIN. 
 
 The {lately tree, dedicated to Jupiter, is the oak ; and the 
 ftately tree, dedicated to his fon Alcides, (for lb the paflkge is 
 to be fupplied,) is the poplar. See Broukh. on TibuUus, 
 p. 82. Spenfer fuppoles that the poplar was then firft dedi- 
 cated to Hercules, when he Hew the lion in Nemea. The 
 reader, at his leifure, may confult what Servius and the other 
 commentators have obferved on Virgil, Eel. vii. 6'l. '* Populus 
 Alcidu: gratiffima." Upton. 
 
 B b 4
 
 376 THE FAEIUE QUEENE. BOOK 11.; 
 
 And to his fonne Alcides, whenas hee 
 In Nemus gayned goodly viftoree : 
 Therein the mery birdes of every forte 
 Chaunted alowd their chearefull harmonee. 
 And made emongft themfelves a fweete 
 
 confort, 
 That quickned the dull fpright with muficall 
 
 comfort. 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 There he him found all carelefly difplaid, 
 
 XXXI. 5, In Nemus] So Speni'er corredled it in the 
 Errata fubjoined to the lirft edition. It had been printed 
 Netvius, which Mr. Church has admitted into the text. The 
 fecond edition reads " Guynd iii Kejiiea &c." The folios, 
 Hughes's editions, and Tonfon's of 1758, read *' Gdin'd in 
 Neinaa &c," And Mr. Church thinks the poet might have 
 intended, " In Ncmca gayjied ike." But Mr. Upton, who fol- 
 lows the firft edition, obferves that, as Spenfer altered Netmus 
 into Nemus, he has adhered to that direction; particularly as 
 the editor of the fecond edition feems to him never to have 
 feen Spenfer's correftions of the errours of the piefs. The 
 poet, he adds, often gives his proper names, in imitation of 
 Chauper and Gower and the Italian poets, both a new fpel- 
 ling and a new termination. Todd. 
 
 XXXII. 1. There he him found &:c.] Compare C. xii, ft. 70 
 of this book. Scenes of this kind are frequent in romance. 
 I will cite an inftance from the Hijh of Palmendos,fon to the moji 
 renowned Palmerin D' Oliva, 4to. bl. 1. Ch. xxi. " So went they 
 both together to the fountain, where Palmendos was unarmed 
 by the Princefs Francelina and her damofels, and a coftly 
 mantle was brought to wrap about him : Then fate he down 
 by his Lady, in another chair covered all over with gold. 
 There was lillies, rofes, violets, and ail the fweet flowers that 
 the earth afforded, and of incomparable beauty : The maidens 
 beguiled the time with fundry founds of inftruments, and 
 thereto fung many dainty canzonets, as if Apollo, Orpheus, 
 Arioii, and all the other furthers of heavenly mufick had been
 
 CANTO V. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 377- 
 
 In fecrete iliadow from the funny ray, 
 On a fvveet bed of lillies foftly laid, 
 Amidft a flock of damzelles frefti and gay. 
 That rownd about him difTolute did play 
 Their m anton follies and light meriment ; 
 Every of which did loofely difaray 
 Her upper partes of meet habiliments. 
 And Ihewd them naked, deckt with many orna- 
 ments. 
 
 prefent; which fo attraded the fences of the Prince, as his 
 memory began to wax drowfie and forgetful, imagining himfelf 
 in a very beatitude &c." Todd. 
 
 XXXII. 5. That rownd about him dijjbluie did play 
 
 Their wanton follies &c.] Spenfer often ufes 
 the verb play, in this fenfe, with an accufative cafe. Thus, 
 in F. Q. i. X. 31. 
 
 " A multitude of babes about her hong 
 " Playing their fports " 
 Again, F. Q, i. xii. 7. 
 
 " The fry of children young 
 
 " Their wanton fports and childifh mirth did play.'* 
 Again, F. Q. iv. x. 46. 
 
 " Then do the falvage beafts begin to play 
 " Their pleafant frifkes " 
 See alfo F. Q. iv. x. 42, v. i. 6, vii. vi. 6, and the Hymne of 
 Love, ft. 36'. To tliefe we may add F. Q. iv. x. 26. 
 
 " diidfport 
 
 " Their fpotleffe pleafure, and fweet loves content." 
 We find play ufed after this manner in Milton, P. L. B. v. 295. 
 
 . " Tor Xature here 
 
 " Wanton'd as in her prime, and play' d at will 
 " Her virgin fancies " 
 Play is not at prefent ufed arbitrarily with any accufative cafe. 
 But perhaps I have refined in fome of thefe inftances. 
 
 T. Wartox. 
 XXXII. 7- Every of which did &c.] Compare ft. 63, &c. 
 in the twelfth canto of this book, and Camoens's defcriptiou 
 there cited in the note. Todd.
 
 378 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 And every of them Itrove with mod delights 
 Him to aggrate, and greateft pleafures (hew : 
 Some framd faire lookes, glancing like even- 
 ing lights ; 
 Others fweet wordes, dropping like honny 
 
 dew; 
 Some bathed kifles, and did foft embrew 
 The fugred licour through his melting lips : 
 One boaftes her beautie, and does yield to vew 
 Her dainty limbes above her tender hips ; 
 Another her out boaftes, and all for try all ftrips. 
 
 XXXIII. 1. And every of them Jlrove kc."] Compare thefe 
 33d and 34th ftanzas with Taffo, C. xvi. 18, and 19, from 
 which they are tranflated. Upton. 
 
 Ibid. moft delights] That is, 
 
 greateji. See before, ft. 15, and F. Q. vi. ii. 31. This is an 
 ancient form of expreflion. Thus, in Bevis of' Hampton : 
 " And now the moji wretch of all, 
 " With one ftroke, doth make me fall :" 
 That is, the greateji wretch. Todd. 
 
 XXXIII. 6. The fugred &c.] Siigred, to exprefs exceffive 
 fweetnefs, was a frequent epithet with the poets of this age, 
 and with thofe of the ages before it. It anfwered to the 
 mellitus of the Romans. T. Warton. 
 
 It has been ingenioufly obferved, that, v/henfugar was firft; 
 imported into Europe, it was a very great dainty ; and there- 
 fore the epithet fugred is ufed by all our old writers meta- 
 phorically to exprefs extreme and delicate fweetnefs. See the 
 Reliques of Anc. Eng. Poetry, 4th edit, note, p. I98. The 
 reader, 1 am perfuaded, will not coniider the illuftration, 
 "which I fhall add from the very fcarce poem by Lydgate, en- 
 titled The Churle and the Byrde, as uninterefting or inelegant : 
 " It was a very heauenly melody 
 " Euen and morow to heare the byrdes fonge, 
 " And the fwete./w^grfrf ermony 
 *' With vncouth warbles and tunes draw alonge." 
 
 TODD.
 
 CANTO V. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 379 
 
 XXXIV. 
 
 Ke, like an adder lurking in the weedes, 
 
 His wand ring thought in deepe defire does 
 
 fteepe. 
 And his frayle eye with fpoyle of beauty 
 
 feedes : 
 Sometimes he falfely faines himfelfe to fleepe, 
 AVhiles through their lids his wanton eies do 
 
 peepe 
 To fteale a fnatch of amorous conceipt, 
 Whereby clofe fire into his hart does creepe : 
 So' he them deceives, deceivd in his deceipt, 
 Made dronke with drugs of deare voluptuous 
 
 receipt. 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 Atin, arriving there, when him he fpyde 
 Thus in ftill waves of deepe delight to wade. 
 Fiercely approching to him lowdly cryde, 
 " Cymochles ; oh ! no, but Cymochles (hade, 
 In which that manly perfon late did fade ! 
 What is become of great Aerates fonne ? 
 Or where hath he hong up his mortall blade. 
 
 XXXIV. 8. So' he them deceives,] So Spenfer's own edi- 
 tions read ; but neither Mr. Church nor Mr. Upton adhere to 
 them. They prefer the omiffion of he, as in the foHos and in 
 Hughes's editions. But it feems to me that Spenfer defigned 
 the pronoun to ftand ; there is indeed a comma after it in his 
 own editions, which might have been the intended mark of 
 elifion, and had flipped down at the prefs. Todd. 
 
 XXXV. 2. Thus in Jill leaves &c.j See f . Q. ii. viii. 24, 
 and i. xii. 17* Chvkcu.
 
 380 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 That hath fo many haughty conqueils wonne ? 
 Is all his force forlorne, and all his glory donne ?" 
 
 XXXVI. 
 Then, pricking him with his fliarp-pointed dart, 
 He faid ; " Up, up, thou womaniih weake 
 
 Knight, 
 That here in Ladies lap entombed art, 
 Unmindfull of thy praife and proweft might, 
 And weetlelTe eke of lately-wrought defpight ; 
 Whiles fad Pyrochleslies onfencelefle ground, 
 And groneth out his utmoft grudging fpright 
 Through many a ftroke and many a ilreaming 
 
 wound, 
 
 XXXVI. 2. Up, up, thou rvomani/k ucake Knight,'] This 
 alfo is imitated from Ubaldo's fpeech to Rinaido, whom he 
 finds in the bower of Armida, Taffd, C. xvi. 33. 
 *' Qual fonno, 6 qual ietargo ha fi fopita 
 " La tua virtute, 6 qual vilta 1' alletta? 
 " Sii, fu, te il campo, e te GofFredo invita, 
 " Te la fortuna, e la vittoria afpetta." 
 Fairfax thus tranflates thefe lines, with Spenfer in his eye : 
 *' What letharge hath in drowfinefs iippend 
 " Thy courage thus ? what (loth doth thee infe6b ? 
 " Up, up, our camp and Godfrey for thee fend, 
 " Thee fortune, praife, and vidtory exped." 
 Womanijh toeak knight, is Homerick, ' Ayu'i-^i(;, a t Ayfi.m II, 
 C 235. See alfo Virg. JEn. ix. 6l7. Or he exprefles Taffo, 
 C. xvi. 32. " Egregio campion d'una fanciuUa," which Fairfax 
 very well tranflates, " A carpet champion for a wanton dame." 
 
 Upton. 
 XXXVI. 3. That here in Ladies lap &c.] The fame ex- 
 preflion of reproach occurs in B. Riche's Adventures of Si- 
 monides, 1584, where he is fpeaking of Love, Sign. Q. ij. b, 
 " He daunteth none but Ample fottes, who, lulde in 
 
 Ladies lappcs, 
 " Do deeme thei liue in greatcft blifie, &:e." Top ft.
 
 CANTO V. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 381 
 
 Calling thy help in vaine, that here in ioyes art 
 dround/' 
 
 XXXVII. 
 Suddeinly out of his delightfuU dreame 
 
 The Man awoke, and would have queftiond 
 
 more ; 
 But he would not endure that wofull theame 
 For to dilate at large, but urged fore. 
 With percing wordes and pittifull implore. 
 Him hafty to arife : As one affright 
 With hellilh feends, or Furies mad uprore. 
 He then uprofe, inflamd with fell defpight, 
 And called for his armes ; for he would algates 
 fight : 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 
 They bene ybrought; he quickly does him dight, 
 And lightly mounted paffeth on his way ; 
 
 XXXVII. 2. would have quejliond more ;] 
 
 Would have queftioned greatly, that is, would have aflced many 
 queftions. Ciiukch. 
 
 XXXVII. 3. But he] Atin. Church. 
 
 XXXVII. 5. ^ and pittifull implore,] Implore 
 
 is here ufed as a fubftantive. Todd. 
 
 XXXVII. 9. -would &\g?iiesjight :] Would 
 
 hy all means fight. See before, ft. 20. It is ufed in the fame 
 fenfe by G. Douglas. See Ruddiman's Gloflary, V. Algate, 
 algatis, q. d. all gates, every way, wholly. And Tyrwhitt's 
 Gloff. Chaucer, V. Algates, Algate, adv. Sax. always. Fr. 
 toutesf'ois. Compare alfo F. Q. ii. ii. 12. 
 
 " Which when Sir Guyon faw, all were he wroth, 
 ** Yet algates mote he foft himfelfe appeafe :" 
 That is. Sir Guyon was extremely wroth, yet by every method 
 it was neceffary for him to appeafe his wrath; or, as Mr. G. 
 Mafon, in his Supplement to Johnfon's Di6tionary, interprets 
 the word in this paffage, nevcrthelefs. Todd.
 
 382 THE FAERIE QUEENE* BOOK 11. 
 
 Ne Ladies loves, ne fweete entreaties, might 
 Appeafe his heat, or haftie paflage ftay ; 
 For he has vowd to beene avengd that day 
 (That day itfelfe him feemed all too long) 
 On him, that did Pyrochles deare difmay : 
 So proudly pricketh on his courfer ftrong. 
 And A tin ay him pricks with fpurs of ihame and 
 wrong.
 
 CANTO VI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 383 
 
 CANTO VI. 
 
 Guyon is of immodejl Merth 
 
 Led into loofe defyre ; 
 Fights with Cymochles, whiles his bro' 
 
 ther burnes in furious fyre, 
 
 L 
 
 A HARDER lefTon to learne continence 
 In ioyous pleafure then in grievous paine : 
 For fweetnefle doth allure the weaker fence 
 So ftrongly, that uneathes it can refraine 
 From that which feeble nature covets faine ; 
 But griefe and wrath, that be her enemies 
 And foes of life, fhe better can reftraine : 
 Yet Vertue vauntes in both her vi6tories ; 
 
 And Guyon in them all Ihewes goodly may fteries. 
 
 Aro. 1. Guyon is &c.] Taken from Taflb's enchanted 
 ifland. See the note on II. 15. Upton. 
 
 I. 1. A harder lejfon &c.] It is a harder leflbn to learn 
 temperance in pleafure and profperity, than in pain and adf 
 verfity, &c. Upton. 
 
 I. 7. reftraine :] The firft edition 
 
 reads abjlaine ; the fecond, reftraine; to which every fubfequent 
 edition has adhered. Mr. Upton has however obferved that 
 abjiaine meant keep from, the prepofition being contained in 
 the verb ; but that rejlruine^ being an eafier reading, was to be 
 preferred. Todd. 
 
 I. 8. Yet Vertue vauntes in both her viQories ;] In bothf 
 " rebus in arduis, non fecus in bonis :" Compare F. Q. v. v. 38*
 
 384f THE FAERIE QUEEXE. BOOK 11. 
 
 II. 
 
 Whom bold Cymochles travelling to finde. 
 With cruell purpole bent to wreake on him 
 The wrath which Atin kindled in his mind, 
 Came to a river, by whole utmoft brim 
 AYajting to pafle he faw whereas did fwim 
 Along the (hore, as fwift as glaunce of eye, 
 A litle gondelay, bedecked trim 
 With boughes and arbours woven cunningly, 
 
 That like a litle forreft feemed outwardly. 
 
 III. 
 
 And therein fate a Lady frefli and fayre, 
 Making fweete folace to herfelfe alone : 
 Sometimes (he fong as lowd as larke in ayre. 
 
 I believe Spenfer had that truly philofophical fentiment in 
 view, which Xenophon gives to Gobrias, Cyr. Injl. CC. v. 
 AoxTi 61 ftoi, d) Ky^f, yaXtirurtptiV Utxi lup**)' Utofx "xkyctka, koCkZx^ (pifOTa, 
 K r y.xKsi' to, ^t* yxo iQcii tok "nro^^oij, t* ^t aiii(ppavyr,v toi? t:ccjni 
 iu.'TTot.u. The fame oblervation we find in other writers. 
 Phaedria here reprefents, in perfon, the infolens loEtitia in 
 Horace, L. 2. Od. 3. Upton. 
 
 I. 8. her viRories ;] So the firft 
 
 edition reads, which Hughes's fecond edition, the editions of 
 1751, of Church, Upton, and Tonfon in 1758, follow. The 
 reft read 'WAe/r vidories." Todd. 
 
 II. 1. JVhorn bold Cymochles &c.] When the mind is con- 
 fcious of having performed its duty in fome inftances; the felf- 
 applaufe, or the flattery of others, is apt to throw it off its 
 guard at the approach of different temptations : This too is 
 often the cafe when, after fome vigorous exertion, the mind 
 lofes its bent, and falls a prey to diifipation or idle amufe- 
 ments. Boyd. 
 
 Compare the conduft of Cymochles at the conclufion of 
 the laft canto, with his yielding (in the prefent) to the allure- 
 ments of Phasdria fo completely, as '* that of no worldly thing 
 he care did take," ft. 28. Todd.
 
 CANTO VI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. S85 
 
 Sometimes ftie laught, that nigh her breath 
 
 was gone j 
 Yet was there not with her elfe any one. 
 That to her might move caufe of meriment : 
 Matter of merth enough, tliough there were 
 
 none, 
 She could devife ; and thoufand waies invent 
 To feede her foohfli humour and vaine iolhment. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Which when far off Cymochles heard and faw. 
 He lowdly cald to fuch as were abord 
 The httle barke unto the fliore to draw, 
 And him to ferry over that deepe ford. 
 The merry Mariner unto his word 
 Soone hearkned, and her painted bote 
 
 ftreightway 
 Turnd to the (liore, where that fame warhke 
 
 Lord 
 She in received ; but Atin by no way 
 She would admit, albe the Knight her much 
 
 did pray. 
 
 in. 4. \ : that nigh her breath was gone ;] This 
 
 is the reading of the fecond edition, to which every fubfequent 
 edition has adhered. The proverbial reading of the firft edi- 
 tion, " as merry as Pope Jone," was, no doubt, confidered by 
 the poet on fecond thoughts unworthy a place in an epick 
 poem. Mr. Upton notices the exiftence of the proverb, Js 
 merie as Pope John, in the old play of Damon and Pythias, and 
 in Fox's Atts and Monuments. Todd. 
 
 III. 6. That to her might mme &c.] So the firft edition 
 reads, which the editions of 1751, of Church, and Upton, 
 follow. All the reft read " That might to her &:c." Todd. 
 
 VOL. III. C C
 
 386 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 V. 
 
 Eftfoones her {hallow fhip away did flide. 
 More fwift then fwallow flieres the liquid flcj'e, 
 Withouten oare or pilot it to guide, 
 
 V. 2. More fwift then /wallow fheres the liquid Jkye,1 Imi- 
 tated perhaps from Ariofto, C. xxx. 11. 
 
 " Per r acqua il legno va con quella fretta, 
 " Che va per 1' aria irondine, che varca." 
 And the expreffion JJieres he borrowed from Virgil, " radit iter 
 liquidum," jEn. v. 217. See alfo Milton, Par. L. B. ii. 634. 
 
 Uptok. 
 Mr. Upton produces the exprelTion of "fhtres the liquid 
 fkye," as one of Spenfer's Latinifms, from " radit iter liqui- 
 dum ;" and adds, that Milton has likewife the fame Latin 
 metaphor, where Satan " fhaves with level wings the deep," 
 Par. L. B. ii. 634. But^ai'c Sindjhear are perhaps as different 
 as rado and tondeo. And " tondct iter liquidum" would, I 
 I believe, be hardly allowed as fynonymous to " radit iter 
 liquidum." My opinion is therefore, that Spenfer here in- 
 tended no metaphor, but that he xiiedfliere ioxfliarc, to cut or 
 divide^ as he has manifeftly in ft. 31. 
 
 *' Cymochles fword on Guyons fhield yglaunft, 
 
 ** And thereof nigh one quarteryi^eard away:" 
 
 That is, cut away nigh one quarter. And in the following in- 
 
 ftances, for the reafon above afligned, we ought to interpret 
 
 ^fliare or fhere to cut, or divide, F. Q. iii. iv. S3, iii. iv. 42, iv. 
 
 ii. 17 i &c. So Milton, of Michael's fword, Par. L. B. vi. 326. 
 
 " deep-enteringy^ar'(i 
 
 " All his right fide." T. Wartox. 
 V. 3. Withouten oare or pilot it to guide, &c.] This felf- 
 moved and wondrous ftiip of Phasdria may be matched with 
 the no lefs wondrous (hip of Alcinous. Old Homer is the 
 father of poetical wonders, and romance writers are gene- 
 rally his imitators. The tripods likewife that Vulcan made wer 
 felf-moved. Phaedria's bark moves fpontaneoufly, direded 
 or fteered by the turning of a pin. Peter of Provence and 
 the fair Magalona rode through the air on a wooden horfe, 
 which was direfted by the turning of a pin. See Hijl. of Don 
 Quixote. This illuftrates the ftory in Chaucer, where the king 
 of Araby fent to Cambufcan a horfe of brass, which, by turning 
 of a pin, would travel wherever the rider pleafed. Compare 
 this wonderful bark, with that mentioned in Taflb, where th<i 
 
 "1
 
 CANTO VI. THE FAERIE QVEENE. 5^7 
 
 Or winged canvas with the wind to fly : 
 Onely fhe tiirnd a pin, and by and by 
 It cut away upon the yielding wave, 
 (Ne cared {he her courfe for to apply,) 
 For it was taught the way which fhe would 
 
 have, 
 And both from rocks and flats itfelfe could 
 
 wifely fave. 
 
 VI. 
 And all the way the wanton Dam fell found 
 New merth her Paifenger to entertaine ; 
 For (he in pleafaunt purpofe did abound. 
 And greatly ioyed merry tales to fayne. 
 Of which a ftore-houfe did with her re- 
 
 maine ; 
 Yet feemed, nothing well they her became : 
 For all her wordes flie drownd with laughter 
 
 vaine. 
 
 Knights go on board a ftrange velTel fteered by a Fairy, 
 C. XV. 3. 
 
 " Vider picciola nave, e in poppa quella, 
 " Che guidar gli dovea, fatal donzella." Uptox. 
 V. 6. It cut away] I foraewhat queftion whether amay 
 fliould not be thus divided, " It cut a -way" " viam fecat ilia 
 per undas." See alfo ft. 28. " About her little frigot therein 
 making loay." And F. Q. i. v. 28. " Her ready -way flie 
 makes." Again, i. xi. 18. " He cutting way with his broad 
 failes." Upton. 
 
 V. 7' Ne cared Jhe her courfe for to apply,] Nor was die 
 concerned to mind which way ihe fteered. So apply is ufed, 
 F. Q. i. X. 46. 
 
 " Ne other worldly bufines did fl/jp/j/." Church. 
 
 VI. 3. purpofe] Coiiver/ation. Church. 
 
 C c 2
 
 3S8 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 11. 
 
 And wanted grace in uttering of the fame, 
 That turned all her pleafaunce to a fcoffing 
 game. 
 
 VII. 
 
 And other whiles vaine tojes (lie would devize, 
 As her fantafticke wit did moft delight : 
 Sometimes her head {he fondly w'ould aguize 
 With gaudy girlonds, or frefh flowrets dight 
 About her necke, or rings of rulhes plight : 
 Sometimes, to do him laugh, (lie would aflay 
 To laugh at ftiaking of the leaves light. 
 Or to behold the water worke and play 
 
 About her little frigot, therein making way. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Her light behaviour arid loofe dalliaunce 
 Gave wondrous great contentment to the 
 
 Knight, 
 That of his way he had no fovenaunce. 
 Nor care of vow'd revenge and cruell fight ; 
 
 VI. 8. And wanted grace^ The fecond and fubfequent 
 folios read " And "wanting grace ;" which errour is admitted 
 into the text of Tonfon's edition in 1758, Todd. 
 
 VII. 3. '- "would aguize] Deck or adorn. 
 
 So, in F. Q. iii. ii. 18, " Wondroully aguizd," wrought after 
 a peculiar guife or fafhion." And F. Q. v. iii. 4. " Rich 
 aguizd" richly ornamented. Anglo-Sax. pija, Ital. guifa, Ft. 
 guife, to which a is added. Upton. 
 
 VII. 5. of rujiies plight :] Folded. So 
 
 Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1204, of a letter : 
 
 " Yeve me the labour it to fowe and plitc :" 
 That is, to ftitch a.nd fold it. T. Warton. 
 
 VIII. 3. fovenaunce,] Remembrance 
 
 Fr. Cuv&ca.
 
 CANTO VI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 389 
 
 But to vveake wench did yield his martiall 
 
 o 
 
 So eafie was to quench his flamed minde 
 With one fweete drop of fenfuall dehght ! 
 So eafie is t'appeafe the ftormy winde 
 Of mahce in the calme of pleafaunt womankind ! 
 
 IX. 
 
 Diverfe difcourfes in their way they fpent ; 
 Mongil which Cymochles of her queftioned 
 Both what {he was, and what that ufage 
 ment, 
 
 VIII. 5. But to weake wench &c.] Some lafe editors of 
 Shakfpeare have endeavoured to prove, that wench did not 
 anciently carry with it the idea of meannefs or infamy. But 
 in this place it plainly fignifies a loofe woman ; and in the fol- 
 lowing palfages of Chaucer. January having fufpedled his 
 wife May's conjugal fidelity, May anfwers, " I am a gentle- 
 woman, and no wench," Merch. T. 1719 And, in the Houfe 
 of Fame, xvench is coupled with groom, ver. 206'. 
 
 " Lord and ladie, grome and wench." 
 And in the Manciple's Tale, ver. 1796'- 
 
 " And for that totber is a pore woman, 
 
 " And fliall be called his wench, or his lemman." 
 AVe muft allow, notwithftanding, that it is ufed by Douglas, 
 without any diflionourable meaning. The following paffage 
 in Virgil, " audetque viris concurrere virgo," is thus exprefled 
 in the Scotch ^neid : 
 
 " This wenfche ftoutly rencounter durft with men." 
 But I believe it will moll commonly be found in the fenfe 
 given it by Chaucer. In the Bible it is ufed for a girl, " And 
 ?i wench told him, &c." T. Warton. 
 
 VIII. 7. one fweete drop of fenfuall delight .'] Lu- 
 cretius, the warmeft of the Roman poets, has given us this 
 metaphor, L. iv. 1054. 
 
 dulcedinis in cor 
 
 '' ^i\\\-<i.-s'\% gutta." T. Warton. 
 
 c c3
 
 390 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Which in her cott (he daily pra6lized : 
 
 *' Vaine man," faide Ihe, " that wouldeft be 
 
 reckoned 
 A (Iraunger in thy home, and ignoraunt 
 Of Phaedria, (for fo my name is red,) 
 Of Phaedria, thine owne fellow ferva^int ; 
 For thou to ferve Acrafia thy felfe doeft vaunt. 
 
 X. 
 " In this wide inland fea, that hight by name 
 The Idle Lake, my wandring ihip I row, 
 That knowes her port, and thether fayles by 
 
 ay me, 
 Ne care ne feare I how the wind do blow, 
 Or whether fwift I wend or whether flow : 
 Both flow and fwift alike do ferve my tourne ; 
 Ne fweUing Neptune ne lowd-thundring love 
 Can chaunge my cheare, or make me ever 
 
 mourne : 
 My litle boat can fafely pafle this perilous 
 
 bourne/' 
 
 IX. 4. cott] Cott is a little boat. *' They 
 
 call, in Ireland, cots, things like boats, but very unfhapely, 
 being nothing but i'quare pieces of timber made hollow." See 
 Gerard Boate's Nat. Hist, of Ireland, p. 64. Church. 
 
 X. p. this perilous bourne.^ Bourn is fimply 
 
 nothing more than a boundary. Dover-cliff is called, in K. 
 Lear, " this chalky bourn" that is, this chalky boundary of 
 England towards France, A. iv. S. vi. See alfo Furetiere in 
 Borne, and Dn Cange in Borna. In Saxon, burn, or burna, is a 
 Jiream of water, as is bourn at prefent in fome counties ; and, as 
 
 rivers were the moft diftinguifhable aboriginal reparations or 
 divifions of property, might not the Saxon word give rife to the
 
 CANTO VI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 391 
 
 XI. 
 
 Whiles thus (lie talked, and whiles thus fhe 
 
 toyd, 
 They were far paft the paflage which he 
 
 fpake, 
 And come unto an Ifland wafte and voyd, 
 That floted in the midft of that great Lake ; 
 There her fmall gondelay her port did make, 
 And that gay payre iflewing on the Ihore 
 Dilburdned her: Their way they forward 
 
 take 
 Into the land that lay them faire before, 
 Whofe pleafaunce fhe hint iliewd, and plentifull 
 
 great ftore, 
 
 French home ? In the prefent paflage, bourne is a river, or ra- 
 ther aftrait ; but feemingly alfo iu the fenfe of divifion or fepa- 
 ration ; for afterwards this bourne is ftyled a Jhard, ft. 38. 
 Here, indeed, is a metathefis ; and the a<^tive participle /7ian';/^ 
 is confounded with the paillve/^arec?. This " perilous bourne" 
 was the boundary or divijion which parted the main land from 
 Phfedria's Ifle of Blifs, to which it ferved as a defence. In the 
 mean time,7^arrf niay>:^gnify thega^ made by the ford or frith 
 between the two lands. But fuch a fenfe is unwarrantably ca- 
 tachrelHcal and licentious, T. VVarton. 
 
 It is obfervable, that the expreflion " perhus foord!' is alfo 
 ufed in ft. 19. We have thus repeatedly the " tow tr perillous," 
 in Hfiwes't, Pajlime of I'lcafure; and, if I recoiled rightly, the 
 " perilous lake" occurs in the Hijl. of K. Arthur. Todd. 
 
 XI. 3. wajle and xoyd,'\ As this Ifland, in 
 
 the following itanzas, is faid to abound in all delights; the 
 poet, by calling it icajle and void, meant to fay that it was un- 
 inhabited. So, in F. Q. iii. ix. 49. 
 
 " Found it the fitteft foyle for their abode, 
 *' Fruitful! of all things lit for living foode, 
 " But wholly u-ajie and void of peoples t rode." Church, 
 
 c c 4
 
 392 THE FAERIE QUEENE* BOOK II. 
 
 XII. 
 
 It was a chofen plott of fertile land, 
 
 Emongft wide waves fett, like a litle neft. 
 As if it had by natures cunning hand 
 Bene choycely picked out from all the reft. 
 And laid forth for enfample' of the beft : 
 Ko daintie flowre or herbe that growes on 
 
 grownd, 
 No arborett with painted blofiTomes dreft 
 And fmelhng fweete, but there it might be 
 fownd 
 To bud out faire, and her fweete fmels throwe 
 al arownd, 
 
 XIII. 
 
 No tree,whofe braunches did not bravely fpring; 
 No braunch, whereon a fine bird did not fitt ; 
 No bird, but did her fhrill notes fweetely fing ; 
 
 XII. 1. It was a chofen plott of fertile land, 
 
 Emongjl icide leaves fett, like a litle neft,] This 
 cxpreflion is literally from Cicero De Opntore, i. 44. " Patrias 
 tanta eft vis ac tanta natura, ut Ithacam illam in afperrimis 
 faxulis, tanquam ttiduluni, affixam fapientiflimus vir immorta- 
 litati anteponeret." Upton. 
 
 XII. 9. and her fweete fmels throwe ul around.] 
 
 This is the reading of the fecond edition, which I prefer, as 
 rendering the turn of the words from the preceding line more 
 ftriking ; and which has been followed by the folios, by 
 Hughes's firft edition, by Tonfon's in 1758, and by Mr, 
 Church. All the reft read, " and throwe her fweet fmels al 
 arownd." Todd. 
 
 XIII. 1. No tree, &c.] This nioft elegant ftanza is not 
 eafily to be paralled by any palTage from other poets. Poetry 
 and Romance are here happily united. Todd.
 
 CANTO VI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 393 
 
 No fong, but did containe a lovely diti. 
 
 Trees, braunches, birds, and fongs, were 
 framed fitt 
 
 For to allure fraile mind to carelefTe eafe. 
 
 CareleiTe the man foone woxe, and his weake 
 witt 
 
 Was overcome of thing that did him pleafe : 
 So pleafed did his wrathfull purpofe faire ap- 
 peal e. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 Thus when fliee had his eyes and fences fed 
 With falfe delights, and fild with pleafures 
 
 vayn, 
 Into a Ihady dale (he foft him led, 
 And layd him downe upon a grafly playn ; 
 And her fweete felfe without dread or difdayn 
 She fett belide, laying his head difarmd 
 In her loofe lap, it foftly to fuftayn. 
 
 XIII. 4. a lovely ditt.] Soiig or ditty. 
 
 The word ditty had formerly a more fignificant meaning than 
 at prefent. Witnefs the very expreflive converfion of it into a 
 participle by the judicious and inimitable Milton, where he 
 fpeaks of the mufical abilities of his friend Henry Lawes, 
 in Comus : 
 
 " Who with his foft pipe, and {vaooih-dittied fong, 
 " Well knows to ftill the wild winds when they roar, 
 *' And hufh the waving woods." Todd. 
 XIII. 5. Trees, braunches, Scc.] Obferve here a kind of 
 poetical beauty, which confifts fometimes of feparating your 
 images, and then bringing of them together; as in this ftanza: 
 fometimes, in bringing all your images together, and then fe- 
 parating them, as in F. Q. ii. xii. 70, 71. Upton.
 
 39^ THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Where foone he flumbred fearing not be 
 harmd : 
 The whiles with a love lay flie thus him fweetly 
 charmd ; 
 
 XV. 
 " Behold, O man, that toilefome paines doefl 
 
 take. 
 The flowrs, the fields, and all that pleafaunt 
 
 growes, 
 How they themfelves doe thine enfample 
 
 make, 
 Whiles nothing envious nature them forth 
 
 throwes 
 Out of her fruitful! lap ; how, no man 
 
 knowes, 
 
 XIV. 9. a love lai/1 The fecond edition, 
 
 probably by an errour of the prefs, reads " a loud lay ;" but 
 only the folios, and Hughes's firft edition, have rejefted the 
 genuine reading, " a love lay." Todd. 
 
 XV. 1, Behold, man, &c.] This love fong, which the 
 nymph fings, is imitated from a fong fung to Rinaldo, who, 
 arriving at an enchanted ifland, is lulled afleep. Compare 
 Taflb, C. xiv. ft. 62, &c. Upton. 
 
 Compare the fong of the enchanting voice, and the note on 
 the paflage, Enjoi/, -while yet thou maj/'Jt, thy lifetfweet treafure, 
 in the poem formerly attributed to Spenfer, entitled Br it tains 
 Ida, and ufually printed with his works. Todd. 
 
 XV. 4. Whiles nothing envious nature &c.] Nothing en- 
 vious nature is a Latinifm : as nature is nihil indiga, fo fhe is 
 nihil invida. Milton calls her, boon iiature, Par. Loft, B. iv. 
 242. Upton. 
 
 Ibid. Whiles nothing envioits nature them forth throwes 
 Out of her fruitfull lap fl Lucretius, L, v. 34. 
 
 " quando omnibus omnia larg^ 
 
 ** Tellus ipfa parit, naturaque diedala rerum." Jortin.
 
 CANTO Vr. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 355 
 
 They fpring, they bud, they bloflbme frefli 
 
 and faire, 
 And decke the world with their rich pompous 
 
 fliowes ; 
 Yet no man for them taketh paines or care, 
 Yet no man to them can his carefull paines 
 compare. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 *' The hlly, lady of the flowring field. 
 The flowre-deluce, her lovely paramoure, 
 Bid thee to them thy fruitlelTe labors yield, 
 And foone leave off this toylfome weary 
 
 floure : 
 Loe ! loe, how brave (lie decks her bounteous 
 
 boure, 
 With iilkin curtens and gold coverletts, 
 Therein to Ihrowd her lumptuous belamoure ! 
 Yet nether fpinnes nor cards, ne cares nor 
 fretts, 
 But to her mother nature all her care Ihe letts. 
 
 XV. 9. Yet no man to them can Ids carefull paitics compare.'] 
 Their beauty rivals all art. " Not Solomon in all his glory 
 was arrayed like one of thefe." Upton. 
 
 XVI. 1. The lillj/, lady of the JioiVKing feld,] So Shak- 
 fpeare, in K. Hen. VIII. 
 
 " like the lilly, 
 
 " That once was miftrefs of the field and flourifhed, 
 " I'll hang my head, and perifli." Jortin. 
 
 XV^I. 7- her fumptiious belamoure !] Her 
 
 fumptuous lover. See the note, F. Q. iii. x. 22. Todd. 
 XVI. 8. Yet nether fpinnes nor cards, &c.] A manifeft 
 
 w^
 
 396 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 11.^ 
 
 xvir. 
 " Why then doeft thou, O man, that of them all 
 Art Lord, and eke of nature Soveraine, 
 Wilfully make thyfelfe a wretched thrall, 
 And wafte thy ioyous howres in needelefle 
 
 paine, 
 Seeking for daunger and adventures vaine ? 
 What bootes it al to have and nothing ufe ? 
 Who Ihall him rew that fwimming in the 
 
 maine 
 Will die for thrift, and water doth refufe ? 
 Refufe fuch fruitlelTe toile, and prefent pleafures 
 chufe." 
 
 XVIII. 
 By this ftie had him lulled faft afteepe, 
 That of no worldly thing he care did take : 
 
 / allufion to thofe facred words, " Confider the lillies of the 
 / / field how they grow ; they toil not, neither do they fpin." 
 ''x The poet ought not to have placed them where he has. 
 
 JORTIN". 
 
 The alluFiofi feems very elegantly brought in here, in this 
 mock reprefentation of tranquilliiy, to fhew how the beft of 
 fayings may be perverted to the worft of meanings. Upton, 
 
 XVII. 5. What bootes it al to have and nothing ufe? &c.] 
 The fame kind of oftentatious fophiftry is employed, but with- 
 out fuccefs, againft the innocent Lady in Milton's Mafk by the 
 vile Enchanter Comus. Todd. 
 
 XVII. 7. that fwimming in the maine 
 
 Will die for thriji,] Not in the main fea, but in 
 fome great river. Tlie expreflion feems to have a kind of ca- 
 tachreiis. Uptox. 
 
 XVII. 8. thriji,] This is Spenfer's own word, 
 
 which has been converted, in many modern editions, into thir/l. 
 See the note on thrijty, F. Q. i. x, 38. Todd.
 
 CANTO VI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 397 
 
 Then fhe with hquors flrong his eies did 
 
 fteepe, 
 That nothing fhould him haftily awake. 
 So Ihe him lefte, and did herfelfe betake 
 Unto her boat again, with which fhe clefte 
 The flouthfuU wave of that great griefy 
 
 Lake : 
 Soone ihee that Ifland far behind her lefte, 
 And now is come to that fame place where firft 
 
 (he wefte. 
 
 XLX. 
 By this time was the worthy Guy on brought 
 Unto the other iide of that wide ftrond 
 
 XVIII. 3. Thenjhc with liquors Jirong his eies didjlecpe,] So 
 Milton, Par. L. B. xi. 36'6'. 
 
 " Afcend 
 
 " This hill ; let Eve (for I have drcnch'd her eyes) 
 " Here fleep below." Church. 
 XVIII. 7. The Jlouthfull wave] So Spenfer's own editions 
 read, which the editions of 1751, of Church, and Upton, fol- 
 low. The reft read waves. Todd. 
 
 Ibid. that great gx\i;{y Lake :'] This is 
 
 the reading of Spenfer's firll edition, to which Mr. Church ad- 
 l\eres. The fecond and every fubfequent edition read " that great 
 griejly Lake." And Mr. Upton again contends that griefie is a 
 blunder for griejly. See the note on " griej'y locks," F. Q. i. 
 ix. 33. He endeavours to confirm his opinion by producing 
 the following expreffion in ft. 46. 
 
 " The waves thereof fo How and fluggifli were, 
 " Engroft with mud which did them fowle agrife, &cc." 
 Where agrife, he obferves, is to affright, which however we 
 muft interpret to render frightful, in order to accommodate 
 agrife to griefy. But does not the expreffion, engrojl with 
 mud &c. countenance the original reading griefy ? And, as Mr, 
 Church further fuggefts, are not the poet'-s own words alfo, in 
 ft. 20, the dull billowes thicke as troubled mire an additional con- 
 firmation that griefy is no blunder ? Todd,
 
 39S THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK IT. 
 
 Where (lie was rowing, and for pafiage fought: 
 Him needed not long call; Ihee foone to hond 
 Her ferry brought, where him fhe byding fond 
 With his fad Guide : himfelfe {he tooke aboord, 
 But the Blacke Palmer fuffred ftill to flond, 
 Ne would for price or prayers once affoord 
 
 To ferry that old man over the perlous foord. 
 
 XX. 
 
 Guyon was loath to leave his Guide behind. 
 Yet being entred might not backe retyre ; 
 For the flitt barke, obaying to her mind. 
 Forth launched quickly as ihe did defire, 
 Ne gave him leave to bid that aged fire 
 
 XIX. 4. Jhee foone to hond 
 
 Her ferry brought,] None of the editions have 
 the reading I looked for, which was, 
 
 " fhe foone to lond 
 
 *' Her ferry brought." Uptox. 
 XIX. 6. fad] Grave. Church. 
 
 XIX. 9' the perlous foord.] So Spenfer's 
 
 own editions read. Some editions have here converted iie 
 into that. Todd. 
 
 XX. 3. For thejlitt barke, obaying to her mind,] So again, 
 F. Q. ii. 35. 
 
 " Lo, now the heavens obei/ to me alone.'* 
 y Thus Wickliff, Rom. i. 30. " Not obeyinge to fadir and modir." 
 Chaucer, Troilus and Crejf. ii. 1490. 
 
 " But godely gan to his prayere obeyc." 
 And, in the Legende of' good Women, ver. 90. 
 
 " That as an harpe obeyith to the honde." 
 Sidney's Arcadia, p. 60. '* To whom the other fliould obey.** 
 And Milton, Far. L. B. i. 337. 
 
 " Yet to their general's voice they foon oberfd." 
 See alfo Atis vii. 39. " To whom our fathers would not obey.** 
 And Rom. vi, l6. *' His fervants ye ate, to whom ye obey." 
 
 Upton.
 
 CANTO Vr. THE FAERIE QUEENE. S99 
 
 Adieu, but nimbly ran her wonted courfe 
 Through the dull billowes thicke as troubled 
 
 mire, 
 Whom nether wind out of their feat could 
 
 forfe, 
 Nor timely tides did drive out of their fluggifli 
 
 fourfe. 
 
 XXI. 
 And by the way, as was her wonted guize, 
 Her mery fitt (lie freftily gan to reare, 
 And did of ioy and ioUity devize, 
 Herfelfe to cherilli, and her gueft to cheare. 
 The Knight was courteous, and did not for- 
 
 beare 
 Her honeft mexth and pleasaunce to par- 
 take ; 
 But when he faw her toy, and gibe, and 
 
 geare, 
 
 And paflTe the bonds of modeft merimake, 
 Her dalliaunce he despis'd and follies did for- 
 fake. 
 
 XXr. 7. and gibe, and geare,] To giie 
 
 is to jejl, and geare is the old orthography of Jeer. See F. Q. 
 V. iii. 39. 
 
 " All gan to ieji and gibe full merilie 
 " At the remembrance of their knaverie." 
 So, in Hamlet, of Yorick the Jejier : " Where be your gibes 
 now? your gambols &c. ?" Todd. 
 
 XXI. 8. the bonds] So Spenfer's own editions 
 
 read, which the editions of 1751 and of Upton follow. The 
 reft read bounds, which Mr. Upton acknowledges to be pre- 
 ferable. Todd.
 
 400 .THE FAERIE QUEENE. . BOOK II. 
 
 XXII. 
 Yet {he flill followed her former ftyle, 
 
 And faid, and did, all that mote him delight. 
 Till they arrived in that pleafaunt He, 
 Where fleeping late Ihe lefte her other 
 
 Knight. 
 But, whenas Guy on of that land had fight, 
 He wift himfelfe amifTe, and angry faid ; 
 ^' Ah ! Dame, perdy ye have not doen me 
 
 right, 
 Thus to miflead mee, whiles I you obaid : 
 Me litle needed from my right way to have 
 
 llraid." 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 ^' Faire Sir,*' quoth Ihe, " be not difpleafd 
 
 at all ; 
 . Who fares on fea may not commaund his 
 way, 
 Ne wind and weather at his pleafure call : 
 The fea is wide, and eaiy for to flray ; 
 
 XXII. 7. perdy] Hughes, in his Gloflar}', in- 
 terprets perdie as an old oath, par dieu, Fr. See alfo Cotgrave, 
 V. Pardt, par dieu : Poidtevin. Mr. Church believes the word 
 to be ufed as an ajfexcration fignifying ter'dy, rather than as an 
 oath, in Spenfer. And Mr. Upton confiders the word as an 
 expletive both in Chaucer and Spenfer. Mr. Tyrwhitt has 
 remarked, that it was a common Fr. oath, which moft of the 
 perfonages in Chaucer exprefs very frequently in Englilh, with 
 as little ceremony as the Greeks ufed their j Ai, and with as 
 little meaning too. Todd. 
 
 XXIII. 4, The fea is uide, and eafyfor tojirai/ ;"} And eafy 
 to caufe us to go aftray. Upton.
 
 CANTO VI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 401 
 
 The wind unftable, and doth never ilay. 
 
 But here a while ye may in fafety reft, 
 
 Till feafon ferve new paflage to aflky : 
 
 Better fafe port then be in feas diftreft/* 
 
 Therewith (he laught, and did her earneft end 
 
 in ieft. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 But he, halfe difcontent, mote nathelefle 
 
 Ilimfelfe appeafe, and iffewd forth on ihore : 
 The ioyes whereof and happy fruitfulnefle, 
 Such as he faw, (lie gan him lay before, 
 And all, though pleafaunt, yet Hie made 
 
 much more. 
 The fields did laugh, the flowres did frelhly 
 
 ipring, 
 
 XXIV. 4. Such as kefaw, Jhe gan kirn lay before^ 
 
 Ayid all, though pleafaunt, yetjlie made much viore."] 
 If the beautiful afl'emblage of proper circumftances in a charm- 
 ingl}' natural and familiar limile of Milton, did not lead one to 
 think, that he took the hint of it from a real fcene of the fort, 
 which had fome time or other fmitten his fancy, I fhould be 
 apt to think that he alluded to this fame thought in Spenfer. 
 Compare Par. L. B. ix. 445, &c. 
 
 " If chance with nymph-like ftep fair virgin pafs, 
 
 " Uliat pleaftiigfeem'd, fo^ her now jjleajes more, 
 
 " Shemoft, 6cc." T^YEl^. 
 XXIV. 5. And all, though. pleqfaunt,] Hughes's editions 
 read, " And although plesLiemt." Chvrch. v"!? 
 
 XXIV. 6. Thejields did laugh,] Compare Pfal. Ixv.^Ws iX 
 " The vallies fliall Hand fo thick with corn that they fliall 
 laugh and fing." The phrafe may be alfo found in Greek and 
 Latin poetry. Spenfer, however, feems to tranllate Petrarch, 
 Son. 42. 
 
 " Ridojio i prati, e '1 ciel fi raflerena ; 
 
 *' Giove s' allegi-a &c." Todd. 
 
 VOL. III. D d
 
 402 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 The trees did bud, and early bloflbmes bore ; 
 And all the quire of birds did fweetly fing. 
 
 And told that Gardins pleafures in their ca- 
 roling. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 And {lie, more fweete then any bird on bough, 
 Would oftentimes emongft them beare a part. 
 And ftrive to paffe (as fhe could well enough) 
 Their native muficke by her fkilful art : 
 So did ihe all, that might his conftant hart 
 Withdraw from thought of warlike enterprize, 
 And drowne in difTolute delights apart, 
 Where noife of amies, or vew of martiall 
 guize, 
 
 Might not revive defire of knightly exercize : 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 But he was wife, and wary of her will, 
 And ever held his hand upon his hart ; 
 Yet would not feeme fo rude, and thewed ill, 
 As to defpife fo curteous feeming part 
 That gentle Lady did to him impart : 
 But, fairly tempring, fond defire fubdewd, 
 And ever her delircd to depart. 
 
 XXVI. 3. thewed ill,] Ill-bred, 
 
 ill-mannered. Church. 
 
 Ill thewed, is male moratus; and is alfo Chaucer's expreflion. 
 
 Upton. 
 
 XXVI. 6. But, fairly tempringi fond defire/tfirft'urf,] Coith- 
 pare ft. 21. It is probable that Milton had this paflage in 
 view, when he defcribed our Saviour fup6riour to the tempta- 
 tion of female beauty, Par. Reg, U. ii. 20&.
 
 CANTO Vr. THE FAERIE QUEEXE. 403 
 
 She lift not heare, but her difports pourfevvd, 
 And ever bad him ftay till time the tide renewd. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 And now by this Cymochles hovvre was fpent, 
 That he awoke out of his ydle dreme ; 
 And, lliaking off his drowfy dreriment, 
 Gan him avize, howe ill did him befeme 
 In flouthfull ileepe his molten hart to fteme, 
 And quench the brond of his conceived yre. 
 Tho up he ftarted, ftird with fliame extreme, 
 Ne ftaied for his Damfell to inquire, 
 
 But marched to the ftrond, there paffage to 
 require. 
 
 XXVIII, 
 
 And in the way he with Sir Guy on mett, 
 Accompany de with Phaedria the faire : 
 
 " What woman will you find, 
 
 " Though of this age the wonder and the fame, 
 " On whom his leifure will vouchfafe an eye 
 
 " Oi fond deftre i" 
 
 The Earl of Oxford, in a poem much commended by Putten- 
 ham in his Art of Eng. Poe/ie, 1589, P- 17'2, entitled Fancy 
 and Dc/i/'e, perfonifies the latter by the name of Fond Desire. 
 See Percy's Reliques of Anc. Poetry, 4th edit. vol. ii. 179 
 Fancy thus takes leave of Deftre: 
 
 " Then, fond Dcfire, farewelle ; 
 
 " Thou art no mate for me : 
 *' I fliould be lothe, methmks, to dwell 
 " With fuch a one as thee." Todd. 
 
 XXVII. 5. to fteme,] Thai is, to 
 
 exhale, to evaporate, his melted heart in fleep. Upton. 
 
 XXVII. 9. there ytf^tf^e &c.] This judicious 
 
 alteration ia the firft folio is followed by everj'^ edition except 
 that of 1751, which reads, witli Spenfer's own editions, *' their 
 p^LlIage to require." Todd. 
 
 D d 3
 
 404 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II, 
 
 Eftfoones he gan to rage, and inly frett, 
 Crying ; " Let be that Lady debonaire, 
 Thou recreaunt Knight, and foone thyfelfe 
 
 prepaire 
 To batteile, if thou meane her love to gayn. 
 Loe ! loe already how the fowles in aire 
 Doe flocke, awaiting ihortly to obtayn 
 Thy carcas for their pray, the guerdon of thy 
 payn/' 
 
 XXIX. 
 And there-withall he fierfly at him flew, 
 And with importune outrage him aflayld ; 
 
 XXVIII. 4. Let be] Let go. Church. 
 
 Ibid. 4. that Lady debonaire,] De- 
 bonaire, applied to the Ladies, means elegant, winning, accom- 
 plijhed; to Knights, courteous and juft. See the note on de- 
 bonnaire, F. Q. i. ii. 23. Thus Milton's Euprofyne is " buxom, 
 blithe, and debonair," Allegr. 24. And Fanfhaw reprefents 
 the gamelbme nymphs of Camoens, " fo debonayre, fo tender, 
 fo benigne," Lvf. C. ix. 66. Todd. 
 ^ XXVTII. 7. Loe ! loe already how the fowles in aire 
 
 Doejlocke,] Spenfer has plainly the Scripture 
 
 in view, where the proud Philiftine fpeaks to David, " Come 
 
 to me and I will give thy flefli unto the fowles of the air, and 
 
 y to the beafts of the tield," 1 Sam. xvii. 44 ; and perhaps too 
 
 he ufed the very words, 
 
 " Loe ! loe alreadie how the fowles of th' aire " 
 This expreffion alfo is in other places, " And thy carcafe fhall 
 be meat unto all the fowles of the air, and unto the beafts of 
 y the eaith," Deut. xxviii. 26. So Hom. II. . 5. 
 aviH^ a tXuBiot Ttv^fi /.vi/tao'tv, 
 
 OinNOii:i T DASI. Upton. 
 
 XX"\ III. 9. the guerdon of thy payn.l The 
 
 _ reward of thy attempt to gain the Lady. Church. 
 
 XXIX. 2. with importune outrage^ This is the 
 
 reading of the firll edition, which Hughes's fecond edition, the 
 editions of 17 b\, of Church, Upton, and Tonfon's of 1758,
 
 CANTO VI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 405v 
 
 Who, foone prepare! to field, his fword forth 
 
 drew, 
 And him with equall valew countervayld : 
 Their mightie ftrokes their haberieons dif- 
 
 majld, 
 And naked made each others manly 
 
 fpalles ; 
 The mortall fteele defpiteoufly entayld 
 
 follow. The fecond edition, by a manifeft errour of the prefs, 
 reads " with importance outrage," which the firft folio, by a 
 fuppofed emendation, converted into " important outrage," 
 and to which the fubfequent folios, as alfo Hughes's firft edi- 
 tion, adhere. Importune, as Mr. Upton obferves, is cruel, 
 favage, &c. as i?}iportunus in Latin ; and thus Spenfer has " im,- 
 portune {a.\,e." Todd. 
 
 XXIX. 3. Who, foone prepard to field.] That is, to battle. 
 Germ, feld, bellum. Upto]v. 
 
 XXIX. 4. with equall va\e\v] Hughes reads 
 
 valour. Spenfer wrote value, or, in the old fpelling, valew. 
 See Menage, Value, valeur, merite perfonnel. Marot, 
 
 , " Premier done je falue 
 
 " Tres-humblement ta hauteffe et value." Upton. 
 
 XXIX. 5. haberieons] Sleeves, and 
 
 Gorget of T7iail ; armour covering the neck and breuft. See 
 Cotgrave's Fr. Did. V. Haubergeon. It is the diminutive of 
 havbert, a coat of mail. Todd. 
 
 XXIX. 6. fpalles:] Shoulders, Fr. 
 
 efpaules. G. Douglash-dS Jpaldis for Jhoulders or arms. 
 
 Upton. 
 
 XXIX. 7. entayled] Entat/led is 
 
 ufually employed for carved or engraved. See Cotgrave. V. 
 Intailed. So, in Pierce the Ploughmans Crede, the " chapitre 
 houi'e" is thus defcribed, fign. B. i. edit. 1553. 
 
 " Coruen, and couered, and queyntelyche entayled 
 " With femliche felure yfeet on lofte, 
 " As a parlement hous ypeynted about." 
 Chaucer alfo ufes entailed for carved. Spenfer's rhyme intro- 
 duced it here for cut. Todd. 
 
 D d 3
 
 4:06 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK W. 
 
 Deepe in their flefti, quite through the yron 
 walles, 
 That a large purple ftreame adown their giam^ 
 beux falles. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 Cjmochles, that had never mett before 
 So puifiant foe, with envious defpight 
 His prowd prefumed force increafed more, 
 Difdeigning to bee held fo long in fight. 
 Sir Guyon, grudging not fo much his might 
 As thofe unknightly raylinges which he fpoke, 
 With wrathfull fire his corage kindled bright, 
 Theireof devifing (hortly to be wroke, 
 
 And doubling all his powres redoubled every 
 
 ftroke. 
 
 XXXI. 
 Both of them high attonce their hands en- 
 haunft, 
 And both attonce their huge blowes down 
 
 did fway : 
 Cymochles fword on Guyons ihield yglaunfl. 
 And thereof nigh one quarter Iheard away ; 
 But Guyons angry blade fo fiers did play 
 
 XXIX. 9. adoxvn their giambeux falles.} 
 
 lie probably drew giambeux, that is, boots, from this palfage in 
 the Rime of Sir Topas, ver. 3380. 
 
 " His jambeuv were of cure buly:" 
 Which line is more French than Englifli : 
 
 " Ses jambenx etoient de cuir bouilli :" 
 That is, His boots were made of tanned leather. T. Warton. 
 
 XXX. 3. prefumed force] Strength that he 
 
 had too high an opinion of. Church.
 
 CANTO VI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 407 
 
 On th' others helmett, which as Titan ftione, 
 That quite it clove his plumed creft in tway. 
 And bared all his head unto the bone ; 
 Where-vvith aftoniflit ftill he flood as fenceleffe 
 ftone. 
 
 XXXIL 
 Still as he flood, fayre Phaedria, that beheld 
 That deadly daunger, foone atweene them ran ; 
 And at their feet herfelfe mod humbly feld, 
 Crying with pitteous voyce, and countenance 
 
 wan, 
 " Ah, well away ! moft noble Lords, how can 
 Your cruell eyes endure fo pitteous fight, 
 To filed your lives on ground ? Wo worth 
 
 the man. 
 That firfl did teach the curfed fleele to bight 
 In his owne flefh, and make way to the living 
 fp right ! 
 
 XXXII, 7. yoxtr lives] Your blood. " For the 
 
 blood is the life," Deut. xii. 23. See F. Q. vi. iii. 51. v/ 
 
 Church. 
 
 Ibid. Wo worth the man,'] I'hat is, 
 
 Curfed be the man. Chaucer frequently ufes the expreflion. 
 So, in p. 311. edit. Urr. " Wo -worth that daie that thou me 
 bare on live !" Church. 
 
 So, in Ezek. xxx. 2. " Wo worth the day." And in Sidney's vX 
 Arcadia, p. 31 6. " How often have I bleft the meanes that 
 might bring mee neere thee ? Now xvoe icorthe the caufe that 
 brings me fo nceere thee." Upton. 
 
 XX XII. 8. Thatjhjl did teach the curfed ftcele &c.] Tibullus, 
 I. xi. 1. 
 
 *' Quis fuit, horrendos primus qui protulit enfes ? 
 " Quam ferus, et vert ferreus, ille fuit !" Jortix, 
 
 u d 4
 
 408 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 - XXXIII. 
 
 ** If ever love of Lady did empierce 
 
 Your yron breftes, or pittie could find place, 
 Withhold your bloody handes from battaill 
 
 fierce ; 
 And, fith for me ye fight, to me this grace 
 Both yield, to Itay your deadly ftryfe a 
 
 fpace/' 
 They ftayd a while ; and forth fhe gan pro- 
 
 ceede : 
 " Moft wretched woman and of wicked race, 
 That am the authour of this hainous deed. 
 And caufe of death betweene two doughtie 
 
 Knights do breed ! 
 
 XXXIV. 
 
 ' But, if for me ye fight, or me will ferve, 
 Not this rude kynd of battaill, nor thefe 
 
 armes 
 Are meet, the which doe men in bale to 
 
 fterve. 
 And doolefuU forrowe heape with deadly 
 
 harmes : 
 Such cruell game my fcarmoges difarmes. 
 
 XXXIV. 3. The which doe men in bale to fterve,] Which 
 caufe mankind to perijh in trouble, jteajifan, viori ; though 
 now ufed in a particular fenfe, to die with hunger. Chaucer 
 ufes it in its ancient fenfe, as our poet, who is all antique. 
 
 Upton. 
 
 XXXIV\ 5. Such cruell game my fcarmoges dijhrms.] This 
 is more poetical and elegant, than if written, " Such cruell 
 fcarmoges my game difarms." Scarmoges, Ikirmiflies. Ital.
 
 CANTO Vr. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 409 
 
 Another warre, and other weapons, I 
 
 Doe love, where Love does give his fweet 
 
 alarmes 
 Without bloodihed, and where the enimy 
 Does yield unto his foe a pleaikunt vi6tory. 
 
 XXXV. 
 " DebatefuU ftrife, and cruell enmity, 
 
 The famous name of knighthood fowly (hend ; 
 But lovely peace, and gentle amity, 
 And in amours the pafiing howres to fpend. 
 The mightie martiall handes doe moft com- 
 mend ; 
 Of love they ever greater glory bore 
 Then of their armes : Mars is Cupidoes frend. 
 And is for Venus loves renowmed more 
 Then all his wars and fpoiles, the which he did 
 of yore. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 Therewith (he fweetly fmyld. They, though 
 
 full bent 
 To prove extremities of bloody fight. 
 Yet at her fpeach their rages gan relent. 
 And calme the fea of their tempeituous fpight : 
 Such powre have pleafmg wordes ! Such is 
 
 the mio-ht 
 
 fcaramuchia, Gall, cfcarmouche. How many paflages might be 
 brought from the poets, to ihow the analogy between tiie wars 
 of INIars, and the (kirmillies of Cupid ? Cnu-ll game is Horatian ; 
 " lieu nimis longo fatiate liido." L. i. Od. ii. Uptox.
 
 410 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Of courteous clemency in gentle hart ! 
 Now after all was ceaft, the Faery Knight 
 Befought that Damzell fuffer him depart, 
 And yield him ready palTage to that other part. 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 She no lefle glad then he defirous was 
 Of his departure thence ; for of her ioy 
 And V aine delight fhe faw he light did pas, 
 A foe of folly and immodeft toy. 
 Still folemne fad, or ftiil difdainfull coy ; 
 Delighting all in armes and cruell warre. 
 That her fweet peace and pleafures did annoy, 
 Troubled with terrour and unquiet iarre, 
 
 That {lie well pleafed was thence to amove him 
 farre. 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 Tho him {he brought abord, and her fwift bote 
 Forthwith directed to that further {Irand ; 
 The which on the dull waves did hghtly flote, 
 And foone arrived on the {hallow fand. 
 Where gladfome Guyon falied forth to land, 
 And to that Damfell thankes gave for reward. 
 
 XXXVII. 3. he light did pas,'] He made 
 
 light of; he pafled over lightly. Upton^. 
 
 XXXVIII. 5. lalied] So Spenfer's 
 
 ov,n editions, and the edition of 1/51, read. Salied, that is, 
 leaped. Lat. /alio. The word well exprefles the alacrity of 
 Sir Guyon. The folios and Hughes's firlt edition read ya?7erf. 
 Hughes's fecond edition reads /allied. Church. 
 
 Mr. Upton, which I was furprifed to find, reads failed. 
 Toufon's edition in 1758, /allied. Todd.
 
 CANTO VT. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 411 
 
 Upon that iliore he fpyed A tin (land, 
 There by his maiiter left, when late he far'd 
 In Pha)drias flitt barck over that perlous ftiard. 
 
 XXXIX. 
 Well could he him remember, {ith of late 
 He with Pyrochles Iharp debatement made ; 
 Streight gan he him revjle, and bitter rate, 
 As Ihepheardes curre, that in darke eveninges 
 
 fhade 
 Hath tra6led forth fome falvage beaftes trade : 
 ** Vile mifcreaunt," faid he, " whether doil 
 
 thou flye 
 The fhame and death, which will thee foone 
 
 inv^ade ? 
 What coward hand ftiall doe thee next to dye. 
 That art thus fowly fledd from famous enimy ?" 
 
 XL. 
 With that he ftifly (hooke his fteelhead dart : 
 But fober Guyon hearing him fo rayle. 
 Though fomewhat nioved in his mightie hart, 
 Yet with ilrong reafon maiftred paffion fraile, 
 And paffed fay rely forth : He, turning taile. 
 
 XXXVIII. 9. that perlous {ha.rd.] See 
 
 the notes on " perilous bourne," ft. 10. Todd. 
 
 XXXIX. 1. irell could he him remember,] That is, Atin 
 well remembered Guyon. Church. 
 
 XXXIX. 5. trade :] For tread, 
 
 footfteps. Church. 
 
 XL. 5. fay rely] Softly. So, in Milton's Comm, 
 
 ver. 168. " I/a?>/^ ftep afide." Todd. 
 
 Ibid. He,] Atin. Church.
 
 412 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 11. 
 
 Backe to the flrond retyrd, and there ftill 
 
 ftayd, 
 Awaiting pafTage, which him late did faile ; 
 The whiles Cymochles with that wanton 
 
 Mayd 
 The hafty heat of his avowd revenge delayd. 
 
 XLI. 
 Why left there the Varlet ftood,he faw from farre 
 An armed Knight that towardes him faft ran ; 
 He ran on foot, as if in luckleiTe warre 
 His forlorne fteed from him the vi6lour wan : 
 He feemed breathleffe, hartlelfe, faint, and 
 
 wan ; 
 And all his armour fprinckled was with blood, 
 And foyld with durtie gore, that no man can 
 Difcerne the hew thereof: He never ftood. 
 But bent his haftie courfe towardes the Ydle 
 Flood. 
 
 XLII. 
 
 The Varlet faw, when to the Flood he came 
 How without ftop or ftay he fierfly lept, 
 And deepe himfelfe beducked in the fame, 
 That in the Lake his loftie creft was ftept, 
 
 XL, 9. delayd.] Put axcay, 
 
 removed from him. See F. Q, ii. iv. 35. Church. 
 
 XLII, 4. Jiept,] So the firft 
 
 edition reads, which I make no doubt is Spenfer's fpelling. 
 The lecond edition, the folios, and the edition of 1751, read 
 Jtcept. Hughes, ^?ee/?'(/. Church. 
 
 Mr. Upton alfo prelerves the original fpelling, ftejyt, Ton- 
 fon'6 edition in 17JS reads^cfj?^. Todd.
 
 CANTO VI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 413 
 
 Ne of his ikfetie feemed care he kept ; 
 But with his raging armes he rudely flafnt 
 The waves about, and all his armour fwept. 
 That all the blood and filth away was wafht ; 
 Yet ftill he bet the water, and the billowes daftit. 
 
 XLIII. 
 
 Atin drew nigh to weet what it mote bee ; 
 For much he wondred at that {incouth fiorht : 
 AVhom fhould he but his own deare Lord 
 
 there fee, 
 His owne deare LordPyrochles in fad phght, 
 lieady to drowne himfelfe for fell defpight : 
 " Harrow now, out and well away !" hecryde, 
 
 XLIII. 6. Harroxu noxv, out and 'vcell axeay /] All the edi- 
 tions point thus : 
 
 " Harrow now out, and well away, " 
 But the expreilion out and -well auay is the fame as out alaSy in 
 F. Q. vi. xi. 2.0. Church. 
 
 Ibid, Harrow now, out and well away, he cryde,"} So 
 Chaucer, lieves Tale, 96'4'. 
 
 " And gan to cry harrow and 'weal-atcay." 
 Haro is a form of exclamation anciently ufed in Normandy, 
 to call for help, or to raife the Hue and Cry. See Glofl". 
 Urry's Chaucer. We find it again ufed by Spenfer in the 49th 
 ftanza of this canto: 
 
 " Harrow! the flames which me confume " 
 Again, in F. Q. ii. viii. 46. 
 
 " Harrow and well away ! 
 
 " After fo wicked deede why liv'ft thou lenger day !" 
 It occurs often in Chaucer, and is, I think, always ufed as an 
 exclamation of grief; but there are fome paflages in an old 
 Myftery, printed at Paris, in 1541, where it is applied as a 
 term of alarm, according to its original ufage. Lucifer is in- 
 troduced fummoning the devils : 
 Dyables mefchans, &c. 
 
 " Viendrez vous point a mes cris et aboys,- 
 ** HarOf haro, null de vous je ne veoys V
 
 414' THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 " Whatdifmall day hath lent this curfed hght, 
 To fee my Lord fo deadly damnifyde ? 
 
 Pyrochles, O Pyrochles, what is thee betyde ?*' 
 
 XLIV. 
 " I burne, I burne, I burne/' then lowd he 
 cryde, 
 " O how I burne with implacable fyre ! 
 
 And in another place, where he particularly add refles Belial : 
 " Haro, haro, approche toy grand dyable, 
 " Approche toy notayre mal liable, 
 " Fier Belial, &c." T. Wartok. 
 
 It would much exceed the limit of thefe notes to recite the 
 general opinions concerning the original of this word. I'he 
 curious reader may confult Du Cange in v. and Hickes, Gr. 
 Fr. Theot. p. Q6. I rather believe it to have been derived 
 from Har, alfus, and Op, clamor, two Iflandic words, wliich 
 were probably once common to all the Scandinavian nations. 
 See Gudmund. And Lex. liland. by Refenius. Hafn. l683. 
 In fupport of this opinion, it may be obferved, that the very 
 word Haroep, or Harop, was ufed by fome of the inhabitants 
 of the Low-Countries in the fame lnfe in which Harou was 
 by the Normans. Du Cange, in V. Haroep. Tyrwhitt. 
 
 X LI II. 7. this curfed light,] This is 
 
 the reading of the fecond edition, which every fubfequent 
 edition has followed, except the later one of Hughes, and 
 that of Church. Hughes's emended reading is, " hath lent 
 Ais curfed light ;" which, fays Mr. Church, is certainly right. 
 Spenfer's firft edition indeed reads, " hath lent but this his 
 curfed light," which, however, gives a fupernumerary foot to 
 the verfe ; an errour of which no notice is taken in the lift of 
 Errata. Todd. 
 
 XLIIL 8. damnifvde ?] Injured. 
 
 So, in Fairfax, as Mr. Upton has noticed^ " For no lofle true 
 virtue damnifies." Hence the modern word, indemnify^ to 
 fecure againft injury or lofs. Todd. , 
 
 XLIV. 2. implacable] Implacable., 
 
 with the accent on the firft fyllable, is common in Spenfer. 
 TJbus, in F. Q. iii. vii. 35. ^ 
 
 *' Who, to avenge the implacable wrong 
 " Which he fuppofed donne, &c,"
 
 CANTO VI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 415 
 
 Yet nought can quench mine inly flaming 
 
 fyde, 
 Nor fea of licour cold, nor Lake of my re ; 
 Nothing but death can doe me to refpyre/* 
 " Ah ! be it," faid he, " from Pyrochles farre 
 After purfewing death once to requyre, 
 Or think, that ought thofe puiflant hands 
 
 may marre : 
 Death is for wretches borne under unhappy 
 
 liar re." 
 
 XLV. 
 " Perdye, then is it fitt for me," faid he, 
 " That am, I weene, most wretched man 
 
 alive ; 
 Burning in flames, yet no flames can I fee, 
 And, dying dayly, dayly yet revive : 
 O A tin, helpe to me laft death to give !'* 
 The Varlet at his plaint was grievd fo lore, 
 That his deepe-wounded hart in two did rive ; 
 And, his owne health remembring now no 
 
 more. 
 Did follow that enfample which he blam'd afore. 
 
 See alfo F. Q. iv. ix. 22. The fame accent occurs in the old 
 
 Cumedy of Lingua ; but the pafl'age is borrowed from Spenfer, 
 
 A. iv. S. 15. 
 
 " I burn, I burn, I burn ; , O ! how I burn 
 " With fcorching heat of implacable fire ! 
 " I burn&c." Todd. 
 XLV. 5. /lelpe &c.] That is, Aflift in putting 
 
 an end to my mifery. Church.
 
 416 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 11. 
 
 XLVI. 
 
 Into the Lake he lept his Lord to ayd, 
 
 (So love the dread of daunger doth defpife,) 
 And, of him catching hold, him ftrongly ftayd 
 From drowning; but more happy he then wife 
 Of that feas nature did him not avife : 
 The waves thereof fo (low and fluggiih were, 
 Engroit with mud which did them fowle 
 
 agrife, 
 That every weighty thing they did upbeare. 
 
 XLVI. I. Into the Lake he lept &c.] Vain expeAation of 
 him wlio is the viftim of ungovernable paflion, to lofe it in 
 idlenels or iblitude! 
 
 " Beneath the filent gloom 
 
 " Though Peace can fit and I'mile ; though meek Content 
 
 " Can keep the cheerful tenour of her foul, 
 
 " Even in the lonelieft flvades ; yet let not Wrath 
 
 *' Approach; let black Revenge keep far aloof; 
 
 " OrJ'oon theyjlame to Madnefs " Mafon. 
 
 In all fuch cafes as this, bufinefs is the beft refource next to 
 philofophy or religion. Botd. 
 
 XLVI. 5. did him not avife:] Did not 
 
 bethink himself. Fr. s'avifer. Church. 
 
 XLVI. 6. The waves thereof fo Jlow andjluggijh icere^ 
 
 Engrojl tcith mud Xihich did them fowle agrife. 
 That every weighty thing they did upbeare^'] It 
 feems to me that Spenfer had in view the lake Afphaltus, or 
 Afphaltites, commonly called the Dead Sea, when he wrote 
 this defcription of the Idle Lake. I will cite Sandys, who, in 
 his hiftory of the HolyJand, has given us the following re- 
 y lation. " The river Jordan is at length devoured by that 
 curfed lake Afphaltites, fo named of the bitumen which it 
 vomiteth ; (Pliny v. l6;) called alfo the Petttl-Sea ; perhaps 
 in that it nouriflieth no living creature ; or for his heavy 
 waters hardly to be moved by the winds ; (Juftin xxxvi. 6", 
 Corn. Tacitus Hiltor. v ;) fo extreme fait, that whatioever is 
 throwne thereinto not eafily finketh. Vefpatian, for a trial, 
 caufed divers to be cal^ in bound hand and foot, who floated
 
 CANTO VI. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 417 
 
 Ne ought mote eVer finck dowhe to the bottom 
 
 there. 
 
 XLVII. 
 Whyles thus they ftrUgled in that Ydle Wave, 
 And itrove in vaine, the one himfelfe to 
 
 drowne, 
 The other both from drowning for to fave ; 
 Lo ! to that fliore one in an auncient gowne, 
 Whofe hoary locks great gravitie did crowne. 
 Holding in hand a goodly arming fvvord. 
 By fortune caine, ledd with the troublous 
 
 fowne : 
 Where drenched deepe he fownd in that dull 
 ford 
 The carefull fervaunt ftryving with his raging 
 
 Lord. 
 
 XLVIII. 
 
 Him Atin fpying knew right well of yore, 
 
 And lowdly cald ; " Help ! helpe, O Ar- 
 
 chimage. 
 To fave my Lord in wretched plight forlore ; 
 Helpe with thy hand, or with thy counfell 
 
 fage : 
 
 as if fupported by fome fpirit." (Jofeph. De Bell. Judaic. 
 . 5.) I think the parallel may be ealily i'een. Dante likewile 
 hence imaged that dead and lluggilh lake which he names la 
 morta gora, luf, C. viii. And 'Jaiio, in this Afphaltick lake^ 
 places the ifland of Armida. See Taflb, C. x. 6'2, xvi. 71. 
 
 Upton. 
 XLVII. 6. Holding in hand a goodly arming /word,] This 
 fword Archimago had Itolen from P. Arthur. See above^ 
 r\ Q. ii. iii. 18, and below, F. Q. ii. viii. li). Upj o>'. 
 
 VOL. III. E e
 
 418 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 11^ 
 
 Weake handes, but counfell is moft ftrong 
 
 in age." 
 Him when the old man law, he woundred 
 
 fore 
 To fee Pyrochles there fo rudely rage : 
 Yet fithens helpe, he faw, he needed more 
 Then pitty, he in haft approched to the (hore, 
 
 XLIX. 
 
 And cald ; " Pyrochles, what is this I fee ? 
 What hellifh fury hath at earft thee hent ? 
 Furious ever I thee knew to bee, 
 Yet never in this ftraunge aftonifhment." 
 " Thefe flames, thefe flames," he cryde, " doe 
 
 me torment !'* 
 " What flames," quoth he, " when I thee 
 
 prefent fee 
 In daunger rather to be drent then brent ?" 
 " Harrow ! the flames which me confume," 
 
 faid he, 
 ** Ne cah be quencht, within my fecret bowelles 
 
 bee. 
 
 XLVIJI. 5. Weake handes, but counfell is mojijirong in age."] 
 That is, in old age the hands are weak, but counlel moll 
 
 Ariftot. Polii. L. vi. LJpton. 
 
 XLIX. 2. at earft] Suddenly. See 
 
 Fi Q. ii. iv. 14, where he ufes it for injlantly. Church. 
 
 Ibid. hent ?] Seized. 
 
 See the note on hent, Shep. Cal. Feb. Todd. 
 
 XLIX. 7. drent then brent f^ Drowned 
 
 than burnt. Chubcu.
 
 CANTO VI. -THE FAERIE QUEENE. 4l9 
 
 Li 
 
 " That curfed maiij that cruel feend of hell, 
 Furor^ oh ! Furor hath me thus bedight : 
 His deadly woundes within my liver fwell, 
 And his whott fyre burnes in mine entralleS 
 
 bright, 
 Kindled through his irtfernall brond of fpight, 
 Sith late with him I batteill vaine would bofte; 
 That now I weene loVes dreaded thunder-i 
 
 lio^ht 
 Does Iborch not halfe fo fore, nor damned 
 
 ghofte 
 
 L. 1. That curfed man ^ that cruel feend of hell, &c.] Th* 
 fame iiilpaffioned exclamation is applied by Sir Trevifan tO 
 Defpair, " that curfed wight, a man of hell." F. Q. i. ix. 28. 
 The violent paffions appear to have been thus juftly branded, 
 before the age of Spenfer; Thus, in Le Pelerinaige de vie hU" 
 maine, impr. par Anthoyne Verard, 4to. Paris, a paffage occurs 
 relating to defpair, which is particularly obfervable as to fen- 
 timent and expreflTion, and applies to the illuftration of both 
 circumftances in Spenfer : " Commet la veille parefle frappa 
 fi grat coup le pelerin de fa coignee que a terre labbatit. Et 
 puis fe menafla de lui mettre au eoul la corde du bourReau 
 DENFER nommee et appellee la corde du DEsESPftRACiON." 
 Sign. n. ult. Ch. xvi. Compare Sir Trevifan wearing an hempen 
 rope, given him by Defpair, F. Q. i. ix; 22, 29; Todd. 
 
 L. 3. my liver] Spenfer's own edi- 
 tions, by an unperceived miftake, read livers. The errour is 
 admitted into no other edition but that of 1751. Todd. 
 
 L. 7. thunder-light] That is. 
 
 Lightning. This I apprehend to be a compound word of our 
 poet's. All the editions make two diftind words of thunder- 
 light. Church. 
 
 Mr. Upton's edition, and Tonfon's edition in 1758, have alfo 
 judicioufly given thunder-light as a compound. Mr. Church's 
 remark applies only to all the editions down to that of 1751. 
 
 Todd. 
 
 E e 2
 
 420 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 In flaming Phlegeton does not fo felly rofte/* 
 
 LI. 
 Which whenas Archimago heard, his griefe 
 , He knew right well, and him attonce difarm'd : 
 Then learcht his fecret woundes, and made a 
 
 priefe 
 Of every place that Vas \\ itli bruzing harmd, 
 Or with the hidden fier inly warnid. 
 Which doen, he balmes and herbes thereto 
 
 applyde, 
 And evermore with mightie fpels them 
 
 charmd ; 
 That in ftiort fpace he has them qualifyde, 
 And him reftord to helth, that would have al- 
 gates dyde. 
 
 L. 9- ' /y ftilly fojic] Crvclly pv 
 
 Jieicely. lta\. Jelloiie. So, in Milton's Lyd(/fl, ver. 91. "The 
 Jdlon winds." Todd. 
 
 LI. 5. fier inly warmd.] So tl^e firft 
 
 edition reads, which Mr. Church alone follows. The fecond 
 and every other fubfequent edition read, " Or with the hiddeu 
 Jire too inly warm'd." But too appears needlefs ; and ^er, 
 pronounced as two fyllables, is not uncommon in Spenfer. See 
 F. Q. ii. ix. 13. I retain therefore the original reading. Todd. 
 
 LI. 6. /ic balmes and herbes thereto applyde, &c.} 
 
 Archimago here applies not only herbs, but fpells, to the 
 wounded Knight, according to the ancient pradice of phy- 
 ficians ; a circumftance which poets feldom fail of mentioning. 
 
 Uptov. 
 
 LI. 9. that "would have algates dyde."] That 
 
 had wiilied by^ all meaii^ to die. See the note on algates in the 
 pi ecediog canto, ft. 37. Todd-.
 
 CANTO Vir. THE FAERIE ftUEEXE. 421 
 
 CANTO VII. 
 
 Guyonfindes Mammon in a dtlie 
 Sunning his tfircafure hove ; 
 
 Is by him tempted, and led (iownp 
 7b fee his fecretejlore. 
 
 A S pilot well expert in n( 
 That to a ftedtaft flarre 
 
 I. 
 
 )erilou.s wave, 
 re his courfe hath bent, 
 When foggy miftes or cloudy tempefts have 
 The faithtull light of that faire lampe yblent. 
 And cover'd heaven with hideous dreriment; 
 Upon his card and compas firmes his eye, 
 The mayfterg of his long experiment, 
 
 Arg. 2. Sunning his titreafure] Milton moft probably had 
 this pafiage in mind, when he wrote the following judjicions 
 and animated lines in Comus : 
 
 " You may as well I'pread out the utjSVNn'p heapg 
 
 " Of mifer's treaj'ure by an outlaw's deu, 
 
 " And tell me it is fafe, as bid me hope 
 
 ** Danger will wink on Opportunity, &c." Todd. 
 
 Ibid. his threafure hore ;] Fiom the Anglo-S. 
 
 hojaij, fordidus, mucidus : not hoary, which is from h^p, 
 canas. Upton. 
 
 1.2. to 9.jlcdfajijlarrc\ So all the editions. I think 
 
 Spenfer gave, " to the ftedfall ftarre," meaning thereby the 
 jjole-jlur ; as ho calls it the faithful I light. Church. 
 jNIr. Upton propofes the fame reading. Todd. 
 
 1.5. dreriment;] Darhncfs,. 
 
 See F. Q. i. viii. ). Cjiurch. 
 
 E e3
 
 422 THE FAERIE QUEENE BQOK H, 
 
 And to them does the fteddy hehiie apply, 
 
 Bidding his winged veflell fairely forward fly : 
 
 II. 
 So Gu} on having loft his truftie Giiyde, 
 
 Late left beyond that Ydle Lake, proceedes 
 Yet on his way, of none accompanyde ; 
 And evermore hinifelfe \yith comfort feedes 
 Of his own vertues and praife-worthie deedes. 
 So, long he yode, yet no adventure found, 
 Which Fame of her flirili trompet worthy 
 
 reedes : 
 For lUU he traveild through wide waftfuU 
 ground, 
 That nought but defert wildernefTe ihewd all 
 around. 
 
 III. 
 At laft he came unto a gloomy glade, 
 
 I. 9' ^'-s ti'i'igcd tefeW] 'Tis the very exprefllon of 
 
 Pindar, ao? viroTfltfa, Olyvip. ix. 36; for the fails are her wings. 
 *^ Ve/orum pandimus alas, Virg. JEjj. iii. 320. Upton. 
 
 II. 4. And evermore hinifelfe u-'ith comfort feedes 
 
 Of his own vertues &c.] Philofophical expreffions of 
 this kind often occur in our old writers. See my note on 
 Milton*s Par. L. B. iv. 37. " Then feed on thoughts, 8cc." 
 JSJr. Uptop here traces the fentiment to Plato's hux^^'''^'^^ >^/uf 
 jtal ay.i-^fiuv, and Cicero's '* faturari bonarum cogitationum 
 epulis." Todd. 
 
 II. 8. he trareijld through -wide tcajlfull ground, 
 
 That nought but defert wilderneff'e jheud all around.^ 
 Thus in the ancient allegory, entitled Le Pelerinaige de vie 
 humaine, the pilgrim meets tlie ill-favoured old woman Avarice, 
 laden with riches, in a gloomy valley : " Comijient le pelerin 
 trouua vne parfonde vallee plaine de hideurs, eh laquelle il re- 
 contra vne xiclie plus laide que celles dont deffus eft parle, 
 laquelle eftoit eftrangement habillee, &c" Todd.
 
 CAXTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 42^ 
 
 Cover'dwith boughes and (hrubs from heavens 
 
 light, 
 AVhereas he fitting found in feeret Iliad e 
 An uncouth, falvage, and uncivile Wight, 
 Of griefly hew and fowle ill-favour'd fight ; 
 PI is face with fmoke was tand, and eies weje 
 
 bleard, 
 His head and beard with fout were ill bedight. 
 His cole-blacke hands did feeme to have ben 
 
 feard 
 In fmythes fire-fpitting forge, and najles like 
 
 clawies appeard. 
 
 III. 4. An iincoviJty falvage, &c.]. This is exactly the de- 
 fcription of Plutus in the play of that name by Ariftophaues ; 
 fji-iufuTccToq, V. 78 ; ocv^fAMi, V. 84 ; ^ciXoraro? tsutrui Ja^!>ifw>, v. 123. 
 And in Lucian's Timon we have the following defcription of 
 this Money-god, 'c^^8ToS'JT1)f, jweya^oJwpo?, as lie is named : 'i^Xf? 
 ^^'oVTtoo? uvotTtKytuq, awiairoMtiK; Ttf; J'anTwAa; 'attoq to I'Go? rut ax/KKd' 
 yicryi.uv, as in the laft line of this ftanza, and nayles like clawe- 
 appear' d, with hooky nails, like the ravenous harpies. Perhaps 
 too Spenfer had Piers Plowman before him, " And then came 
 Covetis wyth two blered eyen," as in the prefent ftanza. See 
 alfo Chaucer, Rom. R. 202. 
 
 " Full croked were his hondis two : 
 
 " For Covetife is ever wode 
 
 " To gripin othir folkis gode." Upton. 
 III. 9- In fmijthesjire-fy'itiwg &c.] Sp^tt feems anciently 
 to have more fimply fignified difperje, without the low idea 
 which we at prefent affix to it. Thus Milton, in Comvs, 
 ver. 131. 
 
 " When the dragon woom 
 
 " Of Stygian darknefs_//)e<s her thickeft gloom." 
 And Drayton, in the Barons IVars, of an exhalation : " Spettetk 
 his lightening forth," B. ii. ft. 35. T. Warton. 
 
 It is remarkable, however, that both Spenfer's own editions 
 read " fiK-fpitting," not /petting. Todd. 
 
 E e 4
 
 424 THE FAERIE QUEEVE. BOOK II. 
 
 IV. 
 
 His yron cote, all overgrowne ^vith ruft, 
 AVe^s underneath enveloped with gold ; 
 AVhofc gliftring gloiTe, darkned with filthy diift. 
 AVell yet appeared to have beene of old 
 A vvorke of rich entajle and curious mould, 
 A\ oven with antickes and wyld ymagery : 
 And in his lap a maile of coyne he told, 
 And turned upfide downe, to feede his eye 
 
 And covetous delire with his huge threafury. 
 
 "v." 
 And round about him lay on every fide 
 
 Great heapes of gold that never cpuld be 
 fpent ; 
 
 IV. 3. Whofe glijlring glojfc, darkned -with filthy diijl. 
 
 Well yet appeared &c.] Here, I think, darkned is 
 put for xias darkned ; and therefore I would place a full ftop 
 after dtift. JouTix. 
 
 JNIr. Wartoii fubfcribes to Dr. Jortin's remark. See his 
 Ob/err. on the Taer. Qii. vol. ii. p. 11. I refpectfully diffent 
 from them. There is no elleipfis in this pafTage, and no period 
 required after /</?. If the learned criticks had followed the 
 poet's firft edition, no difficulty would have occurred. But 
 they were milled by fubfequent editions. See the next note, 
 'ihe fenfe here is, Whofe gliftering glofle, darkned (i. e. being 
 darkned) with filthy duft, well appeared nofxcitJtftandhig to have 
 beene &c. Todd. 
 
 IV. 4. JFell yet appeared^ So the firft edition reads ; 
 which Hughes's fccoiid edition, the editions of 1731, of 
 Church, and Upton, rightly follow. Spenfer's fecond edition 
 reads, lefs perfpicuoufly, " Well it appeared ;" and has been 
 followed by all the folios, by Hughes's firft edition, and by 
 Tonfon's edition of 1758. Todd. 
 
 IV. 5. o/r/c/i en tayle,] Caning, fculpture. So 
 
 Chaucer, Rom. R. l6''2. 
 
 " An image of another entaile." 
 Ital. intagUarc, intaglio. Upton.
 
 CANTO VIT. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 425 
 
 Of which Ibme were rude owre, not purifide 
 
 Of Mulcibers devounng element ; 
 
 Some others were new driven, and diftent 
 
 Into great ingowes and to wedges fquare ; 
 
 Some in round nlates withouten moniment: 
 
 But moil vyere ftampt, and in their metal bare 
 
 The antique (liapes of knigs and Kefars llraung 
 
 and rare. 
 
 VI. 
 
 Soone as he Guy on faw, in great affright 
 And hade he role for to remove alide 
 Thofe pretious hils from ftraungers envious 
 
 fight, 
 And downe them poured through an hole 
 
 full wide 
 Into the hollow earth, them there to hidet 
 But Guyon, lightly to him leaping, ftayd 
 His hand that trembled as one terrifyde ; 
 And thou oh himfelfe were at the fi<>:ht dif- 
 mayd. 
 Yet him perforce reftraynd, and to him doubt- 
 full fayd ; 
 
 V. 7. So]fie in round plates "withoKten moniment -J] Spelt a 
 the Ital. monhncnto ; meaning here, image, Jiipcrfcr/ption, orna- 
 ment ; yuc'fiTjxcc., gnorifma, nionumentum. Upton. 
 
 VI. 3. T/wfc pretious hils] In the preceding ftanza, he 
 fays " great /napes of gold ;" and I had rather read here, 
 *' pretious heapcs :" for innnediatcly follows, 
 
 " And dowiie them poured ihrough an hole full wide :" 
 for the metaphor, pouring of hills, is very harlh ; but not fo, 
 pouring of haps of-uyalth, Upton,
 
 426 THE FAERIE QUEEXE. BOOK II. 
 
 vir. 
 " What art thou, Man, (if man at all thou art,) 
 That here in defert haft thine habitaunce. 
 And thefe rich hils of welth doeft hide 
 
 apart 
 From the worldes eye, and from her right 
 
 ufaunce ?" 
 Thereat, with ftaring eyes fixed afkaunce, 
 In great difdaine he anfwerd ; " Hardy Elfe, 
 That dareft view mv direful countenaunce ! 
 I read thee rafli and heedleffe of thyfelfe. 
 To trouble my ftill feate and heapes of pretious 
 pelfe. 
 
 VIII. 
 " God of the world and worldlings I me call. 
 Great Mammon, greateft god below the ikye, 
 
 VII. 3. Ji}d thcfe rich hils] This is the reading of Spen- 
 fer's tirft edition, to which Hughes's fecond edition and Mr. 
 Church's adhexe, in conformity to " pretious hils" in the pre- 
 ceding ftanza. All other editions read " rich heapes." Mr. 
 Upton, however, acknowledges that hils is not improper here. 
 Thus Barnefield, in his Lady Pecunia, l605, ft. 14, has ''mounts 
 of money." Todd. 
 
 VII. 4. from her right vf(Ht7ice ?] Is 
 
 her to be referred to wealth or uorld ? Not to vcorldy for then 
 it fhould be " his right ufaunce." But heaps or hills of wealth 
 require " their right ufaunce." Upton. 
 y VIII. 1. God of the world and worldlings I me call, 
 
 / . . Great Momtnon,] Mammon is mentioned in Matt. 
 
 V>iKj24, and Luk^^\\. 13. Riches unjuftly gained are the 
 wagfes of the Devil, or of that invifible being, " the god of 
 the world and worldlings ;" but I would rather read, " god of 
 this world and worldlings^' So, in Jo/mJ^i. 31. " Prince of 
 ihis world." And in ^^or. ii. 6". " Prince of this age." In 
 .Milton's Par. Reg. J^. \\. 203. Satan thus fays of hirafelf.
 
 CANTO VU. THE FAEUIE QUEENE. 427 
 
 That of my plenty poure out unto q11, 
 And unto none my graces do envye : 
 Riches, renowme, and principality, 
 Honour, eftate, and ^H this worldes good, 
 For which men fwinck and fweat inceflantly, 
 Fro me do flow into an ample flood, 
 Aiid in the hollow earth have their eternall 
 brood. 
 
 IX. 
 
 " Wherefore if me thou deigne to ferve and few. 
 At thy coiiimaund Ip ! all thefe mountaines 
 
 bee : 
 Or if to thy great mind, or greedy vew, 
 All thefe may not fufhfe, there fliall to thee 
 Ten times fo much be nombred francke and 
 
 free." 
 " Mammon," faid he, " thy godheads vaunt 
 
 is vaine, 
 And idle offers of thy golden fee ; 
 
 '* God of this world invok'd, &c." Mammon is fuj^pofed to 
 alii ft men in their unrighteous acquifition of riches, hence 
 Mammon in the Syriack, and Plutus in the Greek languages, 
 which fignify riches, lignify likewife the god of riches. He is 
 finely del'cribed in Par. Lojl, B. i. 680, &c. Upton. 
 
 VI II. 7. lor xvhich wen fwinck] Labour. See alfo ft. 36, 
 and the note on Shep. Cal. April, ver. [)^. Todd. 
 
 IX. 1. and few,] Follow. Fr. 
 
 fuivrc. Upton. 
 
 IX. 2. ^t thy comwaund lo ! &c.] The temptation of Sir 
 Giiyon will ren)ind the reader of that fine paflage in IMilton's 
 ParadiJ'e Regained, wliere Satan vainly afi'ails our Lord witli 
 tin; fpecious ofter of wealth, B. ii. 4'22 431. Spenfer indeed 
 evidently alludes to the Temptation ia the Wildenicfs. Todd.
 
 428 THE FAERIE QUEEjfE. BOOK 11, 
 
 To them that covet fuch eye-gkitting^ gaine 
 Proffer thy gittes, and fitter fervaunts entertaine. 
 
 X. 
 " Me ill befits, that in derdoing armes 
 
 And honours fuit my vowed daies do fpend, 
 Unto thy bounteous baytes and plealing 
 
 charmes, 
 With which weake men thou \Yitcheft, to 
 
 attend ; 
 Regard of worldly mucke doth fowly blend 
 And low abaie the high heroicke fpright, 
 That loyes for crownes and kingdomes to 
 
 contend : 
 Faire {liields, gay fteedes, bright armes, be 
 my delight ; 
 Thofe be the riches fit for an advent'rous 
 Knight." 
 
 XI. 
 
 " Vaine glorious Elfe," faide he, " doeft not 
 thou weet, 
 
 X. 1. Me inherits,} It ill becomes me. Upton and Church 
 follow the poet's own reading:, hrjits. The other editioos read 
 befits. See the note on brjits, F. Q. i. i. 30. Todd. 
 
 * X. 5. blend] Blemijh. So he 
 
 uks blent, F. Q. i. vi. 42. 
 
 " Yet ill thou blameft me for having blent 
 " My name." Ciiitrch. 
 X. 8. Faire Jhiclds, gayjieedes, bright armes, be wy delight ; 
 Thojl Ire the riches Jit for an adventurous Knight.] Thus 
 Orlando refufe riches, Berni, Orl. Innam. L. i. C. 2b. Ih ly. 
 
 ** e non mi grava 
 
 ' D'eflermi pofto a rifchio di morire, 
 
 " Che di pericol folo, e di fatica 
 
 " II cavalier ft pafce e fi nutrica." Uptox. .
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 42^ 
 
 That money can thy wantes at will fupply ? 
 Sheilds, fteeds, and armes, and all things for 
 
 thee meet, 
 It can purvay in twinckling of an eye ; 
 And crownes and kingdomes to thee multiply. 
 Do not I kings create, and throw the crowne. 
 Sometimes to him that low in diift doth ly, 
 And him that rai2:nd into his rowme thruft 
 
 downe ; 
 And, whom I luft, do heape with glory and 
 
 renowne ?" 
 
 xir. 
 " All otherwife," faide he, " I riches read. 
 And deeme them roote of all difquietnefle ; 
 Firft got with guile, and then preferv'd with 
 
 dread, 
 And after fpent with pride and laviftmefle, 
 Leaving behind them griefe and heavinelle : 
 Infinite mifchiefe^ of them doe arize ; 
 Strife and debate, bloodihed and bitterneffe, 
 Outrageous wrong and hellifti covetize ; 
 That noble heart, as great dilhonour, doth 
 defpize. 
 
 XIl. 3. Fuji got xiiith guile, and then prefervd icitk dreud,] 
 Compare Juvenal, Sat. xiv. 303. 
 
 " Tantis parta malis, cur4 majore metuque 
 " Servantur." Upton. 
 
 XIT. 9- '^^ great diJ1ionour,\ I read, with 
 
 Spenfer's firft edition, " in great diftiouour," which is the fatuQ 
 as in great difdain. Church. 
 
 The fecond and fublequent editions read " That noble hart,
 
 430 tHfe FAEIilE CltffefeNfi. BOOK Iti 
 
 XIII. 
 
 " Ne thine be kingdomeSj ne the fcepters 
 thine ; 
 But realmes and rulers thou doefl both con- 
 found, 
 And lojall truth to treafon doe ft indine : 
 Witneffe the guiltleile blood pourd oft on 
 
 ground ; 
 The crowned often flaine ; the flayer cround ; 
 The facred diademe in peeces rent ; 
 And purple robe gored with many a wound ; 
 Caftles furprizd ; great cities fackt and brent : 
 So naak'ft thou kings, and gayneft wrongfull 
 ; government ! 
 
 XIV* 
 " Long were to tell the troublous iiormes that 
 
 toffe 
 The private ftate* and make the life unfweet : 
 Who fvvelling layles in Cafpian fea doth 
 
 crofle, 
 And in frayle wood on Adrian gulf doth 
 
 fleet, , ^ 
 
 Doth not, I weene, fo many evils meet/* 
 
 05 great dirtionour doth defpize," that is, The which s. noble 
 heart doth defpife as a great difhonour. llhat is perpetually 
 ufed for the which ; and the particles a, the, are as frequently 
 omitted. Upton. 
 
 XIV. 4. : Adrian Gulf] The Adriatick 
 
 fea, or Gulf of Venice. That and the Cafpiau tea are both 
 noted for dangerous feas. Chuhch,
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 431 
 
 Then Mammon wexing wroth ; " And why 
 
 then/' fayd, 
 " Are mortall men fo fond and undifcreet 
 So evill thing to feeke unto their ayd ; 
 And, having not, complaine ; and, having it, 
 
 upbrayd ?" 
 
 XV. 
 
 " Indeed," quoth he, " through fowle intem- 
 
 peraunce, 
 Frayle men are oft captiv'd to covetife : 
 Bat w^ould they thinke with how fmall al- 
 
 lowa^mce 
 Untroubled nature doth herfelfe fufhfe, 
 Such fuperfiuities they would defpife, 
 Which with fad cares empeach our native 
 
 ioyes. 
 At the well-head the purest ftreames arife ; 
 But mucky filth his braunching armes an- 
 
 noyes. 
 And with uncomely weedes the gentle wave ac- 
 
 cloyes. 
 
 XIV. 6. ' And -why then, fat/d,] And 
 
 why then, fayd //e. An uncommon elleiplis. Todd. 
 
 XV. 1. quoth he,] Sir Guyon. Church. 
 
 XV. 3. But would they thinke with how fmall allowaunce 
 
 Untroubled nature doth herfelfe fuffife, &c.] Lucan^. 
 L. iv. 377- 
 
 " Difcite qu^m parvo liceat producere vitam, 
 " Et quantum natura petat." Jortin". 
 
 XV. 6. empeach] Hinder. Uptow, 
 
 XV, 9. accloyes.] Chokes, 
 
 clogs up. See the note on accloyeth, Shep. Cal. Feb. T.odd.
 
 V 
 
 432 THE FAERIE QlJEENE. BOOlt It*' 
 
 XVI. 
 
 ** The dritique world, in his firft flowring youth, 
 Fownd no clefe6t in his Creators grace ; 
 But with glad thankes, and unreproved truth, 
 The guifts of foveraine bounty did embrace : 
 Like angels life was then mens happy cace : 
 But later ages pride, like corn-fed (teed, 
 Abufd her plenty ahd fat-fwolne encreace 
 To all licentious luft, and gan exceed 
 
 The meafure of her meane and naturall firft 
 need. 
 
 XVII. 
 " Then gan a curfed hand the quiet wombe 
 
 XVI, 3. ~ unteproved trutli^ So 
 
 -jVIilton, Var. Loft, B. iv. 452. 
 
 " So fpake our general Mother, and with eyes 
 " Of conjugal affection urf/jrot;'rf " Thyer. 
 Milton, I think, ufes unreprov'd for btamdefs, innocent, fuch 
 as could not be reproved. But Spenfer by unreproved truth 
 means Jiiicerity. The fenfe is, The antique would wSLS^ncerel^ 
 thankful for the grace or favour of its Creator. Church. 
 XYI. 6. But later ages pride, like corn/educed, 
 
 Abufd her plenty and fat fvcolnt encreaje &c.] Our 
 poet, like his royal miftrefs, was a great reader of Boetius, and 
 feen\s here to have him in view, Confol. Pkil. L. ii. v. 
 *' Felix niniium prior jetas 
 " Heu ! primus quis fuit ille, 
 " Auri qui pondera tecli, 
 " Gemmafque latere volentes 
 " Pretiofa pericula fodit ?" 
 The comparifon is happy, of the corn-fed Jleed to Llie pride of 
 later ages ; and fcriptural : ** They were as fed howfes," Jer. v. 
 8. They kicked, and grexvfnt, and wanton, ui rare? tW&? /.or^- 
 aof ivl (pob'tr,, 11. ^. o06. Uptox. 
 
 XVII. 1. Then gan &c.] Wilton, fpeaking of Mammon, 
 ay, ill Par. L. B. 1. 6'84-.
 
 CANTO Vir. THE FARIE QUEENE. 438 
 
 Of his great grandmother with fleele to 
 
 wound, 
 And the hid trealures in her facred tombe 
 With facriledge to dig : Therein he fbwnd 
 Eountaines of gold and filver to abownd, 
 Of which the matter of his huge defire 
 And pompous pride eftfoones he did com^ 
 
 pownd ; 
 Then Avarice gan through his veiries infpire 
 His greedy flames, and kindled life-devouring 
 
 fire." 
 
 by him firll 
 
 " Men alfo, and by his fuggelHon taught, 
 " Ranfack'd the center, and with impious hands 
 " Rifled the bowels of their mother earth 
 " For treafures better hid." 
 Spenfer, I think, gave " the quiet tombe'' and " her facred 
 wombe." The fenle^ this way^ appears to me much finer ; and 
 fuch tranfpofitions, by the printer's miftake, are frequent in 
 the firft edition. So Fletcher, who never lofes fight of our 
 poet, Purp. Ifi, Q. viii. ft. 27. 
 
 " Oh hungrie melall, falfe deceitfull ray, 
 " Well laid'ft thou dark, preft in th' earth's hidden Wombe ; 
 " Yet, through our mother's entrails cutting way, 
 " We dragge thy buried corfe from hellijh tombe." Church. 
 The propofed emendation is perhaps not riecefl'ary. The 
 poiet, I conceive, could not intend the expreffion, " to wound 
 the quiet tombe ;" for that feems hardly reconcileable to fenfe. 
 The words, both of Spenfer and Milton, are an allufion, 
 as every claffical reader tnuft have noticed, to Ovid, Met. 
 i. 138. 
 
 '^ " Itum eft in vifcera terroe ; 
 
 " Quafque recondiderat, Stygiifque admoverat urabris, 
 " Effodiu7itur opes." 
 Fletcher's phrafe^ " to dragge the buried metall from hellijh 
 tombe," is juft; but is not analogous to the idea of a " hand 
 uounding a tomb.'' ToDD. 
 
 VOL. III. P f
 
 434 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK 11* 
 
 xvm. 
 " Sonne," faid he then, " lett be thy bitter 
 fcorne, 
 , And leave the rudenefle of that antique age 
 To them, that Uv'd therin in ftate forlorne. 
 Thou, that doeft hve in later times, muft wage 
 Thy workes for wealth, and life for gold 
 
 engage. 
 If then thee lift my ofFred grace to ufe, 
 Take, what thou pleafe of all this furplufage; 
 If thee lift not, leave have thou to refufe : 
 But thing refufed doe not afterward accufe." 
 
 XIX. 
 
 " Me lift not," faid the Elfin Knight, " receave 
 Thing oftred, till I know it well be gott ; 
 Ne wote I but thou didft thefe goods bereave 
 From rightfull owner by unrighteous lott. 
 Or that blood-guiltinefle or guile them blott/* 
 " Perdy," quoth he, " yet never eie did \ew^ 
 Ne tong did tell, ne hand thefe handled not ; 
 
 XVIII. 1 . lett be] Leceoe of, away with. 
 
 Church. 
 
 XVIII. 4. must wage 
 
 Thy -workes &c.] To zvage war, bellum gercre, 
 is properly expreffed. To uage icorks, that is, to carry on thy 
 works, or to -work, is an abufe, as the grammarians fay, of the 
 phrafe. But the lawyers fay to wage law. Upton. 
 Muft wage, i. e. mn'^ pledge. Church. 
 
 XIX. 7. ne hand theft handled not,] Two ne- 
 gatives ufually make an affirmative, as in Milton, Par, L, B. 
 xi. 596. 
 
 " nor could his eye not kea 
 
 ** The empire of Negus :"
 
 tJANTO VI r. THE FAERIE QUEEXE. 43^ 
 
 But fafe I have them kept in fecret mew 
 From hevens fight and powre of al which them 
 pourfew/' 
 
 XX. 
 
 " What fecret place/^ quoth he, " can fafely 
 
 hold 
 So huge a maffe, and hide from heavens eie ? 
 Or where haft thou thy wonne, that fo much 
 
 gold 
 Thou canft preferve from wrong and robbery ?*' 
 *' Come thou/* quoth he, " and fee/^ So by 
 
 and by 
 Through that thick covert he him led, and 
 
 fownd 
 A darkfome way, which no man could defcry. 
 That deep defcended through the hollow 
 
 grownd, 
 And was with dread and horror compaffed 
 
 arownd. 
 
 That is, He faw the empire &c. But the old Englirti poets 
 frequently ufe two and fometimes three negatives, without in- 
 tending an affirmative. So Chaucer, p. 110. edit. Urr. 
 
 " Ne comfort in this time ne had he none." Church. 
 
 XX. 3. thy wonne,] Habitation. The word is 
 
 often thus ufed as a fubftantive in Spenfer. XJpTOif. 
 
 XX. 7- A darkefome way, &c.] Mammon leads Sir Guyon 
 into the fubterranean caverns of the earth, and difcovers to 
 him his treafures. *' Ibant obfcuri &c." Virg. JEn. iv. 268. 
 Compare Ovid, Met. iv. 432. 
 
 " Eft via declivis, funeftti. nubila taxo ; 
 " Ducit ad infernas per muta filentia fedes/* 
 See alfo Met. xiv. 122. Upton. 
 
 Ff2
 
 436 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 At length they came into a larger fpace, 
 That ftretcht itfelfe into an ample playne ; 
 Through which a beaten broad high way 
 
 - did traccj 
 That flreight did lead to Plutoes grieily 
 
 rayne : 
 By that wayes fide there late infernall Payne, 
 
 XX I. .1. At length they came &c.] Spenfer often repeat- 
 edly introduces his allegorical figures, which he fometimes 
 delcribes with very little variation from his firft reprefentation ; 
 particularly, Difdain, Fear, Envy, and Danger. In this poem 
 we likewife meet with two hells ; here, and in B. i. v. 31. 
 
 T. WAaroN. 
 XXI. 3. Throvgh which a beaten broad high way did trace,] 
 Compare Milton's defcription of the infernal environs, after 
 Satan has pafl'ed through them, Par. Lojl, B. ii. 1024. 
 
 " Sin and Death amain 
 
 " Following his track, fuch was the will of Heaven, 
 " Pav'd after him a broad and beaten -way 
 " Ovet the dark abyfs " Todd. 
 
 - XXI. 4. rayue :] Reign in our old 
 
 poetr}- is ufed for realm or region. And thus Milton, Par. L. 
 B. i. 343. " The reigu of Chaos &c/' Uptou. 
 
 XXI. 5. By that wayes Jide &c.] Refpedling the allego- 
 rical perfonages which follow, much intereliing information is 
 to be foimd in the Diflertations prefixed to this poem. Todd. 
 Ibid. By that wayes Jide there fat-e inienmW Payne,] So the 
 fecond edition and the folios read. 1 he firft edition reads in- 
 ternall. They are ail infernall all diabolical imps of Erebus 
 and Night; as the reader may fee in Cicero De Nat. Dear. iii. 
 17, and inay confult at his leifure the notes of Dr. Davis. If 
 infernal is Spenfer's own correction ; then thefe horrid imj)s, 
 that befet the entrance into hell, are all charaderifed from the 
 firft, which is Payne, as infernal ; for the epithet is applicable 
 to them ail : but if internal is Spenfer's reading, then Payne is 
 particularly charaderifed ; fuch' payne as afflicts men internally : 
 to particularly he charadlerifes tuniultumis Strife, cruel Revenge, 
 &c. If Spenfer therefore wrote internal, wc muft explain it,*
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 43f 
 
 And fail befide him fat tumultuous Strife ; 
 The one in hand an yron whip did ftrajne, 
 The other brandiftied a bloody knife ; 
 And both did gnafh their teeth, and both did 
 threaten Life. 
 
 XXII. 
 On th* other fide in one conf6rt there fate 
 . Cruell Revenge, and rancorous Defpight, 
 Difloyall Treafon, apd hart-burning Hate ; 
 But gnawing Gealofy, out of their fight 
 Sitting alone, his bitter lips did bight ; 
 And trembling Feare ftill to and fro did fly, 
 And found no place wher fafe he Ihroud 
 
 him might : 
 Lamenting Sorrow did in darknes lye ; 
 And Shame his ugly face did hide from living 
 eye. 
 
 XXIII. 
 And over them fad Horror with grim hew 
 
 pain that afflidls men internally; if infernal, which I rather 
 think, then this general epithet, though joined to Payne, as 
 ftanding firft, is applicable to them all. Upton. 
 
 JMr. Church appears to have been of the fame opinion, and 
 accordingly reads inf email. So does the edition of 1758. In 
 Hughes's fecond edition it is internal; and the edition of 1751, 
 affeding probably to emend the paflage, reads eternal. Todd. 
 
 XXI. 8. bratidijhed a bloody knife,'] This is copied 
 
 from Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 2005. " Contek with bloodi/ 
 knife," i. e. Contention, Strife, " geminumque tenens Difcor- 
 dia ferrum," Statins, L. vii. Upton. 
 
 XXIII. 1. And over them fad Horror &c.] That is, over 
 thofe infernal imps mentioned in the two preceding ftan2a. 
 ^nd ajter hitn, that is, after Horror : 
 
 Ff3
 
 438 THE FAEllIE QUEENE. BOOK lU 
 
 Did alwaies fore, beating his yron wings ; 
 And after liim owles and night-ravens flew. 
 The hateful! mellengers of heavy things, 
 Of death and dolor telling sad tidings ; 
 Whiles fad Celeno, fitting on a clifte, 
 A fong of bale and bitter forrow lings, 
 That hart of flint afonder could have rifte ; 
 Which having ended after him ftie flyeth fwifte. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 All thefe before the gates of Pluto lay ; 
 
 Py whom they pafling fpake unto them 
 
 nought. 
 But th' Elfin Knight with wonder all the way 
 Did feed his eyes, and fild his inner thought. 
 At laft him to a litle dore he brought, 
 That to the gate of hell, which gaped wide. 
 Was next adioyning, ne them parted ought : 
 
 " Whiles fad Celeno, fitting on a clifte, 
 " A fong of bale and bitter forrow fings." 
 Thefe verfes are finely turned ; and the repetition of the let- 
 ters has a vifible force. " In praerupta confedit rupe Celasuo, 
 jnfelix vates," Virg. jHh. iii. 24.5. Upton. 
 
 XXIV. 7. ne them parted ought:] This is the 
 
 reading of Spenfer's fecond edition, and was probably thus 
 altered by him, as JNIr. Upton alfo obferves, that the fame word 
 might not needlefsly rhyme to itfelf. It was before " ne them, 
 parted nought," which the editions of 1751 and of Church fol- 
 low ; and Mr. Church affigns the reafon of his choice, by re-- 
 ferring to his note on ft. 19, '* ne hand thefe handled not." 
 But here " ne them parted ought," that is, " and parted them 
 7iot at all," is more perfpicuous ; and is acccordingly adopted 
 in all the other editions. Todd.
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 4'39 
 
 Betwixt them both was but a Htle ftride, 
 That did the Houle of Richelle from hell-mouth 
 divide. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 Before the dore fat felfe-confuming Care, 
 
 Day and night keeping wary watch arid 
 ward, 
 
 For feare least Force or Fraud fliould una- 
 ware 
 
 Breake in, and fpoile the treafure there in 
 gard : 
 
 Ne would he fuffer Sleepe once thether-ward 
 
 Approch, albe his drowfy den were next; 
 
 For next to Death is Sleepe to be compard; 
 
 Therefore his houfe is unto his annext : 
 Here Sleep, there Richefle, and hel-gate them 
 both betwext. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 So foon as Mammon there arrivd, the dore 
 To him did open and affoorded way : 
 Him followed eke Sir Guyon evermore, 
 Ne darknefle him ne daunger might difmay. 
 
 XXV. 5. which gaped tcide,] Hell-gate is 
 
 always wide open. See Virg. ^n.Vu 127, and Milton's Par. 
 Loji, B. ii. 884. Upto^-. 
 
 XXV. 7. For n(xt to Death is Sleepe to be compard ;] Death 
 and Sleep were brothers ; both fbns of Night and Erebus: 
 Hence Homer, 11. |'. 231. 
 
 &' "tirm ^vfJeT^nro %ai/T\,yn.tu avarow. 
 Hence too Virg, Mn. vi. 278. 
 
 " Turn confanguineus Lethi Sopor." Upton, 
 
 rf4
 
 4-tO THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Soone as he entred was, the dore ftreightway 
 J-- Did ihutt, and from behind it forth there lept 
 
 An ugly Feend, more fowle then difmall day ; 
 
 The which with monftrous llalke behind him 
 ftept, 
 And ever as he went dew watch upon him kept. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 -Well hoped hee, ere long that hardy Gueft, 
 If ever covetous hand, or hiftfuU eye, 
 
 ; Or lips he layd on thing that likt him beft, 
 Or ever fleepe his eie-ftrings did untye. 
 Should be his pray : And therefore flill or; 
 hye 
 
 ; He over him did hold his cruell clawes, 
 Threatning with greedy gripe to doe him dye, 
 And rend in peeces with his ravenous pawes, 
 
 If ever he tranfgreft the fatall Stygian lawes. 
 
 XXVIJI. 
 
 That Houfes forme within was rude and ftrong, 
 Lyke an huge cave hewne out of rocky clifte, 
 From whofe rough vaut the ragged breaches 
 
 honsc 
 Embofl with mafly gold of glorious guifte, 
 And with rich metall loaded every rifte, 
 That heavy ruiue they did feeme to threatt ; 
 
 XXVI. f. An ugli/ Feend more fowle then difmall day,] A 
 fiend more foul than a difmal day, Methinks the image is 
 more ftriking, than if the fiend had been compared to night. 
 Svxr) loixw,', II. a.. 47, Od. ^'. 605. " Black it Itood as night." 
 Milton, Par. Loji, B. ii. 670. Upton.
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 441 
 
 And over them Arachne high did Hfte 
 Her cunning web, and fpred her fubtile nett. 
 Enwrapped in fowle i'moke and clouds more 
 black than iett. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 Both roofe, and floore, and walls, were all of 
 
 gold. 
 But overgrowne with duft and old decay, 
 And hid in darknes, that none could behold 
 The hew thereof: for vew of cherefull day 
 Did never in that Houi'e itfelfe difplay, 
 But a faint ihadow of uncertein light ; 
 Such as a lamp, whofe life does fade away ; 
 Or as the moone, cloathed with clowdy night, 
 Does (hew to him that walkes in feare and fad 
 
 affright. 
 
 XXIX. 6. r, a faint Jhadow of uncertein light ; 
 
 Stich as a lamp, whoj'e life does fade a~xay ; 
 Or as the viQoite, cloathed with cloxvdy night, 
 JOocsfliew to him that walkes in feare &c.J Virg. 
 JEn. vi. "iGB. 
 
 " Ibant obfcuri fola fub node per umbram, 
 " Quale per incertam lunam fub luce maligna 
 " Ell iter in lilvis ; ubi ccelum condidit umbra 
 " Jupiter, et rebus nox abltulit atra colorem." 
 
 JoRTiy. 
 Compare F. Q. i. i. 4. And Taflb, C, xiii. 2. 
 " E luce incerta, e fcolorita, e mefta, 
 " Quale in nubilo ciel dubbia li vede, 
 " Se '1 di a la notte, 6 s' eila il lui i'uccede." 
 See alfo TaiFo, C. xiv. 37. And add Apoll. Rhodius, Argon, 
 iv. 14-79. 
 
 u<; Ti? T ttui ivi vfMiri i/.rtvt,t 
 
 Which verfes Virgil has- imitated, /. iv. 453, Uptok,
 
 442 THE 'FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 In all that rowme was nothing to be feene 
 But huge great yron chefts, and coffers 
 
 strong, 
 All bard with double bends, that none could 
 
 weene 
 Them to enforce by violence or wrong ; 
 On every fide they placed were along. 
 But all the grownd with fculs was fcattered 
 And dead mens bones, which round about 
 
 were flong ; 
 Whofe lives, it feemed, whilome there were 
 
 ftied, 
 And their vile carcafes now left unburied. 
 
 XXX. 1. In all that rownie was nothing to be feene 
 
 But huge great yron chejis and cojfers ftrong. 
 All bard with double bends,] It is not improbable 
 that Hogarth might have noticed, and been pleafed with, this 
 defcription. The pidure of the Rake's Progress, which 
 prefents us with a view of tlie hero, after the death of his ava- 
 ricious father, in a room where the furniture confifts princi- 
 pally of fimilar cheJls and coffers, certainly leads us to admire 
 the minute difcrimination of the moral painter, as well as of 
 the moral poet. Todd. 
 
 XXX. 5. But all the ground with fculs was fcattered. 
 
 And dead mens bones,] This pafTage has been 
 already mentioned by Mr. Warton as refembling a defcription 
 in the Seven Champions. See the note on F. Q. i. iv. 36* 
 But there is probably an alluliou alfo to the meadow of the 
 Syrens, Odn{}'. //,', 45. 
 
 Ajopif irvBoiAJtuv, X.. T. X. 
 Chapman, the tranilator of Homer, appears to have chofen the 
 fame expreffion as Spenfer : 
 
 " And round about it runnes a hedge or wall 
 - " Oi dead mens bones." Todd.
 
 CA^'TO VI r. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 443 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 They forward paiTe ; ne Giiyon yet fpoke word) 
 Till that they came unto an yron dore, 
 \\ hich to them opened of his owne accord, 
 And fliewd of richefle fuch e>:ceedmg (lore. 
 As eie of man did never fee before, 
 Ne ever could within one place be fownd, 
 Though all the wealth, which is or was of 
 
 yore, 
 Could gatherd be through all the world 
 arownd, 
 
 xlnd^ that above were added to that unde^ 
 
 grownd. 
 
 XXXII, 
 
 The charge thereof unto a covetous Spright 
 Commaunded was, who thereby did attend. 
 And warily awaited day and night, : 
 
 From other covetous Feends it to defend. 
 Who it to rob and ranfacke did intend. 
 Then Mammon, turning to that Warriour-, 
 
 faid ; 
 ** Loe, here the worldes blis ! loe, here the 
 
 end, 
 
 XXXI. 3. Which to them opened of his oxv7te accord,] So, 
 in Milton, Par. L. B. v, '254. " The gate lelf-opened wide." 
 See alio B. viii. 205. Mr. Upton confiders both poets as al- 
 luding to Homer, 11. L 7A:Q, where the gates of heaven open 
 fpontaneous. I am perluaded, however, by the expreffions in 
 this pali'age, that Spenl'er was thinking of Holy Writ, Acts xii ^/^ 
 JO. " When they were paft the firll and the fecond ward, they 
 came unto the iron gate that leadeth unto the city ; uJuck 
 opened to them of iis own accord." Todd. ,
 
 444 THE FAERIE QUEEX'E. BOOK 11, 
 
 To which al men do ayme, rich to be made ! 
 
 Such grace now to be happy is before thee laid/' 
 XXXIII. 
 
 * Certes," fayd he, ^* I n'ill thine ofFred grace, 
 Ne to be made fo happy doe intend ! 
 Another bhs before mine eyes I place. 
 Another happines, another end. 
 To them, that lift, thefe bafe regardes I lend : 
 But I in armes, and in atchievements brave, 
 Do rather choofe my flitting houresto fpend. 
 And to be lord of thofe that riches have. 
 
 Then them to have my felfe, and be their fer^ 
 vile fclave.'* 
 
 XXXIII. 1, Certes,fayd he, I nill thine offered grace, 
 < ^e to be made fo happy doe intend /] Mam- 
 
 mon faid juft above, " fuch grace now to be happy is before 
 thee laid." The Knight replies, I nill, I ne will, I will not, I 
 refufe thine offered favour, nor to be made fo happy do intend. 
 There is an ambiguity in the word happy, which if the reader 
 underftands not, he will lofe the fmartnefs of the reply. Thus 
 Jonfon, in the Alchemift: 
 
 " He may make us both happy in an houre." 
 See alfo Homer, II. >!. 68. 'avS'^o? yux-y-cipi xar uft^^uv, riri beati, 
 i.e. LocuPLETis, per arvum. Schol. fjMKUfoi, 7j-Xa<rio{, and 
 Uor. Sat. viii. Lib. 2. 
 
 " Lt Nafidieni juvit te cajna beati f" 
 And hence I explain the epithet given to Seftius, Hor. L. i. 
 Od. 4. " O bcate Sefti," meaning that he was rich, and in 
 happy circumftances. Upton. 
 
 XXXIII. 8. ^Jid to be lord of thofe that riches have. 
 
 Then theyn to have my/elf and be their Jervilefclave.] 
 Cyrus told Croefus that he had his treafures too ; " fori make 
 my friends rich," faid he, " and reckon them both as treafures 
 and guards." Xenophon, Cyr. Injl. p. 58i. edit. Hutchinfon; 
 where the learned editor mentions a like faying of Alexander, 
 who, being afked where his trealures were, anlwered, Ucrc^
 
 CANtO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 145 
 
 XXXIV. 
 
 Thereat the Feend his gnafhing teeth did grate, 
 And griev'd, io long to lacke his greedie pray; 
 For well he weened that fo glorious bayte 
 AVould tempt his Gueft to take thereof aflay: 
 Had he fo doen, he had him fnatcht away 
 More lio'ht than culver in the faulcons fift : 
 Eternall God thee {-dve from fuch decay ! 
 But, whenas Mammon faw his purpofe mift, 
 
 Him to entrap unwares another way he wift. 
 XXXV. 
 
 Thence, forward he himleddand fliortly brought 
 Unto another rowme, wliofe dore forthright 
 To him did open as it had beene taught : 
 Therein an hundred raunges weren pight, 
 And hundred fournaces all burning bright; 
 By every fournace many Feends did byde, 
 
 jSointing to his friends. And Ptolomy, the fon of Lagus, faid, 
 That it more became a king to make others rich, than to be 
 rich himfelf. See Plutarch's Apophthegms. Upton. 
 
 XXXIV. I. Thereat the Feend his gnajhing teeth did grate, 
 And griev'd fo long to lack &c.] See Mr. 
 Warton's note on tliis pafl'age at the end of the canto ; its 
 length occafioning it to be there inferted. Todd. 
 
 XXXIV. 6. More light then culver in the faulcons Jiji.} Vir- 
 gil, ,En. xi. 721. 
 
 " Quam facile accipiter faxo facer ales ab alto 
 " Confequitur pennis fublimem in nube colmnbam, 
 *' Comprenfamq; tenet, pedibufq; evifcerat uncis." 
 The fame kind of fmiile he has again, F. Q. ii. viii, 50. Com- 
 pare Statins, Theb. viii. 675, Ovid, Met. vi. 5l6, and Ariofto^ 
 C. ii, 50. 
 
 " Come cafca dal ciel falcon maniero, 
 
 " Che levar veggia I'anitra, o'l Colombo." Uptox.
 
 446 rut. FAEHIE aUEENE. B00& t['} 
 
 Deformed creatures, horrible in fight; 
 * And every Feend his bufie paines applyde 
 
 To melt the golden metall, ready to be tryde. 
 \xxvi. 
 
 One with great bellowes gathered filling ay re. 
 And with fiDrft wind the figwell did inflame ; 
 Another did the dying bronds repay re 
 With yron tongs, and fprinckled ofte the fame 
 
 t With liquid waves, fiers Vulcans rage to tame, 
 W ho, may firing them, renewd his fiaiiner heat : 
 Some fi^umd the drofie that from the metall 
 
 came ; 
 Some ftird the molten owre with ladles great : 
 
 And every one did fwincke, and every one did 
 
 f\veat. 
 
 XXXVII. 
 But, when an earthly wight they prefent faw 
 
 XXXVI. 1. One with great belloxves &c.] Virg. ^n. 
 viii. 449. 
 
 < " Alii ventofis follibus auras 
 
 " Accipiunt redduntque ; alii ftridentia tingunt 
 " Mra lacu : gemit impofitis incudibus antrum." 
 See Homer, II. a. 468. Jortin. 
 
 XXXVI. 7. Some fcumd the drojfe &c.] The employment 
 of thefe fiends feems to have given the hint to jNIilton, where 
 he fpeaks of the fallen angels as bufily employed under the. 
 direftion of IVIammon, Far. Lojt, B. i. 702, &c. Church. 
 
 XXXVI. 8. Somejlird the molten oicre with ladles great ; 
 
 And every one did fwincke, &c.] When Thetis 
 came to Vulcan, fhe found him thus fwinking and fweating,. 
 fit y tlf JpoT, II. a-'. 372. Compare Callimachus, In Dian^ 
 ver. 49, &c. And Virgil, Mn. viii. 445, &c. Upton. 
 
 XXXVII. 1. But, when an earthly &c.] So the firfl edition 
 reads; which the editions of J 751, Church, and Upton, fol- 
 low. The reft read either " when as" or ** whenas," TopD.
 
 CANTO vir. THE FAERIE queene; 447 
 
 Gliftring in armes and battailous aray, 
 From their whot work they did themlelves 
 
 withdraw 
 To wonder at the fight ; for, till that day. 
 They never creature faw that cam that way: 
 Their (taring eyes fparckling with ferv*ent fyre 
 And ugly Ihapes did nigh the Man difmay, 
 . That, were it not for (hame, he would retyre ; 
 Till that him thus befpake their foveraine lord 
 
 and fyre; 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 " Behold, thou Faeries fonne, with mortall eye. 
 That living eye before did never fee 1 
 The thing, that thou didft crave fo earneftly. 
 To weet whence all the wealth late Ihewd 
 
 by mee 
 Proceeded, lo ! now is reveald to thee. 
 Here is the fountaine of the worldes good ! 
 Now therefore, if thou wilt enriched bee, 
 Avife thee well, and chaunge thy wilfuH 
 mood ; 
 Leaft thou perhaps hereafter wifli, and be with-, 
 flood." 
 
 XXXIX. 
 ' Suffife it then, thou Money-god," quoth hee, 
 
 XXXVII. 5. creature} He means earthbf 
 
 creature. Church. 
 
 XXXVII. 6". Their faring eyes fparcklm-g toith fervent fyre ^ 
 Plato, Ipeaking of the infernal tormentoirs, has thus called 
 them, aypKjt xjxi^iwirvfoi \ii7)ij De Repub, lib. ^, Ufton. ;
 
 448 THE FAERIE QUEE^^E* BOOK Hi 
 
 " That all thine ydle offers I refufe* 
 All that I need I have ; what needeth mee 
 To covet more then I have caufe to ufe ? 
 AVith fuch vaine Ihewes thy worldlinges vyle 
 
 abufe ; 
 But give me leave to follow mine emprife/* 
 Mammon was much difpleald, yet no'te he 
 
 chufe 
 But beare the rigour of his bold mefprife ', 
 And thence him forward ledd, him further to 
 
 entife. 
 
 XL. 
 He brought him, through a darkfom narrow 
 ftraytj 
 To a broad gate all built of beaten gold r 
 The gate was open ; but therein did wayt 
 A fturdie Villein^ ftryding fiiffe and bold, 
 As if the Higheft God defy he would : 
 
 XXXIX. 8. mefprife,] Coti tempt, of 
 
 negled:. Fr. The fecond edition, by an errour of the prefs^ 
 reads mefpife, which feme editions have followed. Todd. 
 
 XL. 1. a darkfome narrow ftrayt,] That is, 
 
 Jiret, " Strata viarum/' The letters anfwer to the rhyme. 
 
 Upton. 
 
 XL. 5. As if the Highefi God] The 283d pUge of Speti^ 
 fer's firft edition contains the laft five lines of this ftanza, and 
 the three fubfequent Itanzas ; and the table of Errata to that 
 edition, direds the alteration of the to that in the aforefaid 
 page. Either we niuft alter therefore, as Mr. Upton obferves, 
 the into that, in the prefent pallage ; or in ft* 42, " the Villein" 
 into " that Villein ;" or in ft. 43. " the fierce Carle" into 
 '" that fierce Carle." Mr. Upton has made the alteration here 
 Jinto " that Higlieft God." Mr. Church, and Tonfon's edition 
 of 1758, retain the original readhig, " the Higheft G-od ;" ta
 
 -Canto vir. the faerie queene. 449 
 
 In liis right hand an yron club he held* 
 But he himfelfe was all of golden mould. 
 Yet had both life and fence, and well could 
 weld 
 That curfed weapon^ when his cruell foes He 
 queldj 
 
 XLL 
 pifdayne he called was, and did difdajn^ 
 To be fo cald, and who fo did him call : 
 Sterne was his looke, and full of ftomacke 
 
 vayne ; 
 His portaunce terrible, and ftature tall. 
 Far paffing th* hight of men terreftriall i 
 
 which i adhere^ as conceiving the paffage to be more empha- 
 tical in its pfefetit than in its altfered rtate ; and as believing 
 the alteratioH that to have been defigned for " the fierce 
 Carle," ft. 43. Todd. 
 
 XL. 7i But he himfelfe tvai all of golden mould}} This is 
 the reading of Spenfer's fecond edition, which Mr. Upton fol- 
 lows ; who alfo obferves that the reafon of this line being cor- 
 rupted in the firft edition is eafily feen^ viz. the word yron ia 
 the preceding line having caught the printer's eye. Thus, 
 " In his right hand an yron club he held, 
 " And he himfelfe was all of yron mould" 
 The fecond edition may be certainly confidered as the poet's 
 own corredioh. We are to obfefve alfo that he changed Atid 
 into But. The edition of 1751, and Mr. Church, however, 
 follow the firft edition ; but every other edition adheres to tiie 
 fecond. Todd. 
 
 ^ XLI. 1. Difdayne he called was,} We have another mon- 
 ftrous giant of the fame name in F. Q. vi. vii; 44* Difdain is 
 a Fairy Knight introduced in Ariofto, C. xlii. 53, 6*4^ who frees 
 Rinaldo from the monfter Jealoufy. Upton. 
 
 XLI. 3. Sterne was his looke,] So the firft edition, and 
 right. Aaron ^cfK6iAto(;. The fecond edition, and the folio of 
 1609, read " Sterne was ^0 looke." Upton. 
 
 VOL. Ill, G g
 
 450 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Like an huge gyant of the Titans race j'T 
 That made him fcorne all creatures great 
 
 Wjak and fmall, i inn 6iu fhodi bud jo/ 
 And with his pride all others pdwre deface : 
 
 More fitt emongft black fiendes then men to 
 have his place. 
 
 XLII. 
 
 Soone as thofe glitterand armes he did efpye, 
 That with their brightnefle made that dark- 
 
 .v^i-v .jce^^es light, 
 
 His harmefull club he gan to hurtle hye. 
 And threaten batteill to the Faery Knight ; 
 Who likewife gan himfelfe to batteill dight, 
 Till Mammon did his hafty hand withhold, 
 And counfeld him abftaine from perilous 
 
 fight; 
 For nothing might abafti the Villein bold, 
 Ne mortall fteele emperce his mifcreated mould. 
 
 XLIII. 
 
 So having him with reafon pacifyde. 
 
 XLII. 2. that darknes] The edition of 
 
 1751 has here altered that into the, without any authority; 
 miftaking, I fuppofe, the direction of the table of Errata, 
 which fubftitutes that for the, not the for that, in the page of 
 which this ftanza forms a part. See the notes on ft. 40, ver. 5; 
 and ft. 43, ver. 2. It is remarkable, that Tonfon's edition of 
 1758 alters not one of the paffages already mentioned. Todd. 
 
 XLII. 9- his mifcreated mould.] Mr. Ad- 
 
 difon was miftaken in thinking that mifcreated was a word of 
 Milton's coining. Spenfer ufes it in F. Q. i. ii. 3, and in other 
 places. JoRTiN.
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 461 
 
 And that fiers Carle commaunding to for- 
 
 beare. 
 He brought him in. The rowme was large 
 
 and wvde, 
 As it fome gyeld or folemn6 temple weaire i 
 Many great golden pillours did upbeare 
 The maffy roofe, and riches huge fuftajne ; 
 And every pillour decked was full deare 
 With crownes, and diadenies, and titles vaine. 
 Which mortall princes wore whiles they on 
 
 earth did rayne. 
 
 XLIV. 
 A route of people there affembled were. 
 Of every fort and nation under fkye, 
 Which with great uprore preaced to draw 
 
 nere 
 To th' upper part, where was advaunced hye 
 A {lately (lege of foveraine maieftye ; 
 And thereon fatt a Woman gorgeous gay. 
 And richly cladd in robes of royaltye, 
 
 XLIII. 2. And that^er* Carle] So Mr. Church has cor* 
 refted the paffage from the Errata fubjoined to the firft edi- 
 tion ; and, in my opinion, very properly. The preceding 
 ftanza concludes with a particular account of the Villein bold; 
 and therefore that feems here intended to mark more ftrongly 
 Difdain fo charaderifed. All other editions read " the fierce 
 Carle." Todd. 
 
 XLIII. 4. gyeld] Hall, a guild-hall. Anglo- 
 Sax. 5ild, Germ, gilde. Upton. 
 
 XLIV. 5. fiege] Seat. See the note on^JcgC, 
 
 F. Q. ii. ii. 39. Church. 
 
 XLIV. 6, And t heron fatt a [Voman gorgeous gay. 
 
 And richly dad in robes of royaltye^ This de* 
 
 G g2l
 
 452 THE FAERIE QUEENEi BOOK II. 
 
 - That never earthly prince in fuch aray 
 His glory did enhaunce, and pompous pryde 
 
 fr^Ai difplay. ,i iiui au uiui ni^jj 
 
 XLV. : 
 
 Her face right wondrous faire did feeme to bee, 
 That her broad beauties beam great bright- 
 . . ties threw ',.;~ I,..,, a^'.. ...,,,,! -j* 
 Through the dim Ihade, that all men might 
 
 ,, Yet was not that fame her owne native hew, 
 But wrought by art and counterfetted lhe\\s 
 Thereby more lovers unto her to call ; 
 NathlefTe moft hevenly faire in deed and vew 
 She by creation was, till ftie did fall ; 
 
 Thenceforth (he fought for helps to cloke her 
 crime withall. 
 
 fcription perhaps our poet had from joh. Secundus^ in his poem 
 called ReginiE Pecunice Regia : 
 
 " Regina in mediis magnae penetralibus aula?, 
 " Aurea tola, fedet folio fublimis in aureo 
 " Haec eft ilia, cui famulatur maximus orbis 
 ** Telluris magnae Plutique facerrima proles." 
 Compare &. 48. This Woman's name we have in ft. 49. Spen- 
 fer loves for a while to keep his readers in doubt. Upton. 
 
 It may not be foreign to the fubjedl of this paflage to ob- 
 ferve, that Secundus's verfes appear to have alfo influenced a 
 profeffed difciple of Spenfer in his clioice of a poetical theme ; 
 viz. Ladv PECUiiiA, or The Praife of Money, by Richard 
 Barnefield, 4to. l605. He calls the Lady, ft. 2. 
 
 " Goddefle of Gold, great Emprefle of the earth ! 
 " O thou that canft doo all thinges vnder heauen !" 
 Barnefield had before written Sonnets, entitled Cynthia, avow- 
 edly in imitation of Spenfer. Todd. 
 
 XLV. 9. ! crime] Reproach. See thft 
 
 note on crime, F. Q. i. xi. 46". Church.
 
 *^ANTO VIT. THE FAERIE QUEENE. ASS 
 
 XLVI. 
 
 There, as in gliftring glory Ihe did fitt. 
 
 She held a great gold chaine ylincked well, 
 Whofe upper end to higheft heven was knitt, 
 And lower part did reach to loweft hell ; 
 And all that preace did rownd about her 
 
 fwell 
 To catchen hold of that long chaine, thereby 
 To climbe aloft, and others to excell : 
 That was Ambition, r^fh deiire to fty, ; 
 
 And every linck thereof a ftep of dignity. 
 
 XLVII. 
 
 Some thought to raife themfelves to high degree 
 
 By riches and unrighteous reward ; 
 
 Some by clpfe fliouldring; fome by flatteree; 
 
 Others through friendes ; others for bafe re- 
 gard ; 
 
 And all, by wrong waies, for themfelves pre-* 
 pard : 
 
 XLVI. 8. vajh dtfire to fty,] The lexico- 
 graphers inform us, ih&t Jly fignifies to foar, to afcend ; fo that 
 the fenfe, in the verfe before us, is, That was ambition, which 
 is a raih defire of ftill afcending upwards. Sty occurs often. 
 See F. Q. i. xi. 25, iii, ii. 36", iv. ix. 33. And Muiopotmos, 
 ft. 6, Vi/ions of Bellay, ft. 1 1 , and Sonnet to the Earl of Ejex, ^ 
 
 This word occurs in Ch^X^er's Teji. of Love, p. 480. edit. Urr. ^sM * 
 " Ne fteyrs to Jiey one is iibne :" where it is ufed actively, to 
 lift one up. Gower has ufed this word in the preter-imperfed 
 tenfe, but neutrally, J. G. vnto the noble K. Hen. IV. v. 177. 
 
 " And or Chrifte went out of this erthe here, 
 
 " And ftighed to heven." 
 Spenfer has himlelf interpreted the word, in his View oflreland^, 
 STiE, quaf_/?aj/, in mounting. .T. Wartojj. 
 
 Gg3
 
 454 THE FAERIE QUEENE- BOOK IT. 
 
 Thofe, that were up themfelves, kept others 
 low ; 'iiii'-nniv -tiffh iiif^ m" ?n ,^i^d I. 
 Thofe, that were low themfelves, held others 
 ' '^j hardj'j'i ji-if'^jai oi bat) ujqqu -I'vn i/ 
 Ne fuffred them to ryfe or greater grow ; 
 But every one did flrive his fellow downe to 
 throw. 
 
 Which whenas Guy on faw, he gan inquire. 
 What meant that preace about that Ladies 
 
 throne, 
 And what (he was that did fo high afpyre ? 
 Him Mammon anfwered ; " That goodly one. 
 Whom all that folke with fuch contention 
 Doe flock about, my deare, my daughter is; 
 Honour and dignitie from her alone 
 Derived are, and all this worldes blis, 
 For which ye men doe ftrive ; few gett, but 
 many mis : 
 
 XLIX. 
 " And fayre Fhilotim6 ilie rightly hight, 
 The faireft wight that wonneth under Ikie, 
 
 XLVII. 7. Thofe, that icere low themfelves, held others hard, 
 Ne fuffred them to ryfe or greater grow ;] Ho- 
 race, L. i. Sat. 1. 
 
 " Hunc atque hunc fuperare laboret ? 
 
 " Sic feftinanti femper locupletior obftat." Uptox. 
 XLIX. 1. Andfai/re Philotime.y/ie rightly hight] *^^oT^pa. 
 I had rather the poet had given it, " And Philotime fayre." 
 But he too often, like the ancient Englifli poets, breaks through 
 all rules of quantity in his proper names. Utton,
 
 CANTO Vir. THE FAERIE QUEENE. P 455 
 
 But that tliis darkfom neather world her light 
 Doth dim with horror and deformity, 
 Worthie of heven and hye felicitie, 
 From whence the gods have her for envy 
 
 thruft : 
 But, fith thou haft found favour in mine eye. 
 Thy fpoufe I will her make, if that thou luft ; 
 That Ihe may thee advance for works and merits 
 
 iuft." ? 
 
 L. 
 " Gramercy, Mammon,'^ faid the gentle Knight, 
 " For fo great grace and ofFred high eftate; 
 But I, that am fraile fleih and earthly wight. 
 Unworthy match for fuch immortall mate 
 Myfelfe well wote, and mine unequall fate : 
 And were I not, yet is my trouth yplight, 
 And love avowd to other Lady late. 
 That to remove the fame I have no might : 
 To chaunge love caufelelfe is reproch to warlike 
 Knight." 
 
 LI. 
 Mammon emmoved was with inward wrath *, 
 Yet, forcing it to fayne, him forth thence ledd," 
 Through griefty ftiadowes by a beaten path. 
 Into a Gardin goodly garnilhed 
 
 L. 1. Gramercy,] Great thanJcs. Fr. Grand, merci. So, 
 in ThiiJlory of Arthur of hjtell Brytayne, tranflated by lorde 
 Barners, bl. 1. fol. Cap. Ixxxxiii. " I am fure yf I Ihold haue 
 died in the quarell, I fhould haue fayd gramercy to bym that 
 would haue brought me his heed." Todd. 
 
 G g 4^
 
 iSQ THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II, 
 
 With hearbs and fruits, whofe kinds mote not 
 
 be redd: bna i dutd 
 
 Not fuch as earth out of her fruitfull woomb 
 - Throwes forth to men, fweet and well favored. 
 But direfull deadly black, both leafe and 
 bloom, 
 Fitt tQ adorne the dead and deck the drery 
 toopibe. 
 
 LII. 
 There mournfull cyprefle grew in greateft ftore j 
 And trees of bitter gall ; and beben fad ; 
 Dead fleeping poppy; and black hellebore; 
 C0I4 coloquintida ; and tetra mad; J ^f^^* 
 
 LI. 8. But direfull deadly Mack, both leafe and bloom,'[ Tis 
 not unlikely that Spenfer iniaged the direjul deadli/ and black 
 fruits, which this infernal garden bears, from a like garden, 
 which Dante defcribes, Infern. C. xiii. 
 
 f Non frondi verdi, ma di color fofco, 
 *^ Non rami fchietti, ma uodofi e 'nvolti, 
 " Non pomi v'eran, ma ftecchi con tofco." 
 This garden or grove is mentioned in Virgil, Georg. iv. 4^7. ' 
 " Taenarias etiam fauces, alta oftia Ditis, 
 " Et caligantem nigra formidine lucura 
 " Ingreffus." Upton. 
 LII. 4. Cold coloqui/itida;} Gerarde, in his Herball, 
 fpeaking of the cohquintida, or bitter gourde, fays, that " it 
 is fowen and commeth to perfeftion in hot regions, but fel- 
 dom or neuer in tjiefe northerly and cold countries," p. 76"9, 
 edit. 1597. But Parkinfon, Gerarde's fucceflbr, fays that a 
 fpecies of it is called '* colpcynthis Germauica, becaufe lefle 
 dangerous, and more eafie to ^row in thofe colder countries," 
 
 Todd. 
 
 ' |bid. ^ ietra mad-] Tetra, that is, 
 
 tetrum folanum, deadly night-Jhade ; or rather tetragonia, a 
 pianje for the euonymus, which bears a fruit of poifonous quality. 
 
 Uptox.
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 43r9^ 
 
 Mortall famnitis ; and cicuta bad, 
 With which th' uniuft Atheniens made to dy 
 Wife Socrates, who, thereof quaffing glad, 
 Pourd out his hfe and laft philofophy 
 To the fayre Critias, his deareft belamy ! 
 
 Piirkinfon, however, relates of the fttragotiia, that, though 
 Theophraftus, and others from him, have faid that its leaves 
 are deadly, and perniciovs, efpecially to iheep and goats, Clufius 
 has denied tlie aflertion, and even mentions that goats are fond 
 pf it. See Theatrum Botanicvm, edit. l640, p. 242. Todd. 
 
 LII. 5. Mortall famnitis,] He means, I believe, the fa- 
 vine-tree, arbor Sabina ; and calls it mortal, becaufe it pro- 
 cures abortion. The Samnites and Sabines being neighbour 
 nations, he ufes them prpmifcuoufly, according to the licence 
 of poetry. This paflage gave me a deal of trouble ; and I 
 confulted every botanift, I could think of, whether there was 
 any fuch plant or tree, as the famnitis ; but could not get the 
 lead information or hint about it. Upon confidering Spenfer's 
 manner of confounding neighbour nations and countries, and 
 his manner likewife of altering proper names, I am fixed my- 
 felf, with refpeft to my rightly interpreting this place. 
 
 Upton. 
 
 LII. 6. With which] All the editions read Which with. 
 The author of the Gloflary to the edition of 1751 fays, that 
 Which with is ufed according to the Latin idioni for with which. 
 Mr. Upton made a fimilar remark in his Letter to Mr. Weft 
 concerning a new edition of Spenfer ; but retraded the ob- 
 fervation in his note on this paflage, and confidered it rather 
 as the printer's idiotn ; in other words, as an errour of the 
 prjefs. Tonlon's edition of 1758, in order to //ii/e the ex- 
 preflion completely, has made the two words a compound, 
 Which-with. " But," to ufe the words of Mr. Church, " I 
 know of no fuch ufe; and we fliould read, as Jortin reads, 
 With which." Todd. 
 
 LII. 8. Pour'd out his life and lajl philofophy 
 
 To thefayre Critias, &c.] He had no authority, I 
 prefume, for what he fays of Socrates and Critias. Critias 
 had been a difciple of Socrates, but he hated his mafter. Here 
 is the ftory of which, I fuppofe, Spenfer had a confufed idea : 
 " Quam me deledlat Theramenes ! quam elato animo eft ! 
 Etfi enim flemus, cum legimus, taraen non miferabiliter vir
 
 4$8I^ THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 The Gardin of Proserpina this hight : 
 And in the midft thereof a filver feat. 
 With a thick arber goodly over-dight. 
 In which Ihe often ufd from open heat 
 Herfelfe to ihroud, and pleafures to entreat ; 
 Next thereunto did grow a goodly tree, 
 
 clarus emoritur, qui cum conjedu* in carcerem triginta juffii 
 tyrannorum, veuenum ut fitiens obduxill'et, reliquum lie e 
 poculo ejecit, ut id refonaret : quo fonitu reddito, arridens, 
 Propino, inquit, hoc pulcro Critice, qui in eum fuerat teterri- 
 nius." Cicero. Tufc. Difp. i. 40, Jortin. 
 
 The truth is, our poet, by a flip of his memory, has applied 
 to Socrates what Tully relates of Theramenes. An eafy mif- 
 take this ; efpecially as Socrates is immediately made mention 
 of by Tully, as having drunk of the fame cup that Theramenes 
 did. The poet means to fay, that the philofopher drank the 
 cicuta bad with as much gaiety, as if he had been at a banquet ; 
 and, agreeably to the cuftom obferved at fuch entertainments, 
 prefented his fervice to the fayre Critias, Tully's expreflion 
 literally tranflated ; which expreflion was underftood to be 
 ironical both by Tully and Spenfer. Church. 
 
 Theramenes was a philofopher, and an admirer of Critias, 
 who, afterwards becoming one of the thirty tyrants that har- 
 rafled the Athenian flate, was defervedly refifted by Thera- 
 menes ; which Critias could not bear : fo he profecuted him, 
 and unjuftly had him put to death. When Theramenes drank 
 the poifon, what was left at the bottom of the cup he flung out, 
 (after the manner of the fport they formerly ufed, called Cot- 
 tabus,) calling upon, by name, his once dcarejl and now deadliefi 
 belamy ! Upton. 
 
 LII. 9 - belamy.] Fair friend, 
 
 Fr. If el ami Church. 
 
 LIII. 1. The Gardin ofProferpina this hight : 
 And in the midjl thereof a fdver feat. 
 With a thick arber goodly overdight, 
 In which Jhe often us' d from open heat 
 Her felfe tojhroxcd, and pleafures to entreat, 
 JSfejct thereunto did grow a goodly tree,
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 459 
 
 With braunches broad difpredd and body 
 
 great, 
 Clothed with leaves, that none the wood 
 mote fee, 
 And loaden all with fruit as thick as it might 
 
 bee. 
 
 LIV. 
 Their fruit were golden apples gliftring bright, 
 
 J 
 
 With braunches broad difpredd and body greats ' ' 
 Clothed with leaves, that none the uood motefecy 
 And loaden all toith fruit as thick as it might bee. 
 Their fruit "were golden apples &c.] This mytho- 
 logy is drawn from Claudian. Pluto confoles Proferpine with 
 thel'e promifes, Rapt. Prof. L. ii. 290. 
 
 = " Nee moUia defunt 
 
 " Pratatibi: zephyris illic melioribus halant 
 " Perpetui flores, quos nee tua protulit Enna. 
 *' Eft etiam lucis arbor praedives opacis, 
 " Fulgenti virides ramos curvata metallo. 
 *' Hjec tibi facra datur ; fortunatumque tenebi^ 
 " Autumnum, etfulvis femper ditabere pomis." 
 The golden fruit, and afilver Jioole, are afterwards offered to the 
 Knight, by Mammon, as objedls of temptation, ft. 63. Ovid 
 relates, that Proferpine would have been reftored to her mother 
 Ceres, had ftie not been obferved by Afcalaphus to pluck a ra- 
 diant apple from a tree which grew in her garden ; the fame, I 
 fuppofe, which Claudian fpeaks of in the verfes juft quoted ; 
 Met. V. 533. 
 
 " Cereri certum eft educere natam : 
 
 " Non ita fata finunt ; quoniam jejunia virgo 
 " Solverat, et cultis dum fimplex errat in hortis 
 " Puniceum curvd decerpferat arbore pomwn." 
 From thefe verfes, Spenfer feems to have borrowed, and to 
 have adapted to his prefent purpofe, the notion that thefe 
 golden apples were prohibited fruit. The Jilver jloole is added 
 from his own fancy, and is a new circvmjiance of temp- 
 tation. His own allegorifing invention has alfo feigned, 
 that the plants, which grew in the Garden of Proferpine, were 
 direful deadly blacke, &c. Whereas Claudian defcribes this 
 garden as filled with flowers more beautiful than thofe of
 
 460 THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK IT. 
 
 ^ That goodly was their glory to behold ; 
 On earth like never grew, ne living wight 
 Like ever fa w, but they from hence were fold ; 
 For thofe, which Hercules with conqueft bold 
 Got from great Atlas daughters, hence began. 
 And planted there did bring forth fruit of 
 gold; 
 
 Enna. Nor is he lefs attentive to the ancient fabulifts, where 
 be tells us, that the tree of the Hefperides fprung from this 
 of Proferpine ; that thefe were thrown in the way of Hippo- 
 manes and Atalanta, ft. 54 ; and that thofe, with which Acon- 
 tius won Cydippe, and which Ate flung among the, gods, were 
 gathered from Proferpine's tree, ft. 55. He adds, that the 
 branches of this tree overfpread the river Cocytus, in which 
 Tantalus was plunged to the chin, and who was perpetually 
 catching at its fruit. Homer relates, that many trees of de- 
 licious fruit waved over the lake in which Tantalus was placed ; 
 but it does not appear from Homer, that Tantalus was fixed 
 in Cocytus, but in fome lake peculiarly appropriated to his 
 punifliment. Spenfer has alfo made another ufe of Cocytus ; 
 that the ftiores of this river eternally refounded with the ftirieks 
 of damned ghofts, who were doomed to fuffer an everlafting 
 immerfion in its loathfome waters. Cocytus, fays an ancient 
 fable indeed, muft be pafled, before there is any poftlbility of 
 arriving at the infernal regions; but we are not taught, that 
 it was a punifliment allotted to any of the ghofts, to be thus 
 plunged in its waves; nor that this circumftance was the. caufe 
 of the ceafelefs lamentations which echoed around its banks. 
 What Spenfer has invented, and added to ancient tradition, 
 concerning Cocytus, in ft. 57, exhibits a fine image. 
 
 T. VVarton. 
 
 LIV. 4. but t he 1/ from hence were fold :] 1'hat 
 
 is, except what came from that Garden. Church. 
 
 With a little variation I would read Jiold, that is, procured 
 by ftealth. Upton. 
 
 LIV. 6. great Atlas daughters,} By this paflage 
 
 Milton probably had been induced to call the daughters of 
 Hejperus, daughters of Atlas, in his manufcript of Comus, 
 Ben .lonfon, in one of his iMaflcs, had alfo mentioned the 
 '* {dire daughters of Atlas." Topd.
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 46t 
 
 And thofe, with which th' Euboean young 
 man wan 
 Swift Atalanta, when through craft he her out 
 ran. 
 
 Here alfo fprong that goodly golden fruit, ^']' 
 With which Acontius got his lover trew, 
 Whom he had long time fought with fruitlefle 
 fuit : f 
 
 LlV. 8. th' Euboean young won] Hip- 
 
 pomanes was of Oncheftoe, a city of Boeotia. See Ovid, Met. 
 X.605. Euhoea is an ifland near Boeotia; fome faj', formerly 
 joined to it, but afterwards by inundations and earthquakes 
 rent from it, as Sicily was from Italy. But Spenfer confounds 
 neighbouring countries and nations, as I have mentioned 
 before. Upton. 
 
 LlV. 9k through craft] By throwing a 
 
 golden apple at her feet, (three of which fort were given him 
 for this intent by Venus,) whenever ihe was likely to get the 
 fiart of him. Virgil fays the apples were gathered from the 
 gardens of the Hefperides, cl. v'u6\. The reader may fee the 
 whole ftory in Ovid, Met. x. ioi. xi. Upton. 
 
 LV. 1. Here alfo fprong that goodly golden fruit 
 With which Acontius gut his lover trexv, 
 Whom he had long time fought ivith fruitlefle fuit:] 
 Obfefve here a playing with found, a jingling pun ; w^ich 
 Spenfer is not lb delicately nice as to avoid, when it comes 
 fairly in his way, " Here fprung that golden fruit with which 
 Acontius got Cydippe, whom long time he fought vf'ith fruit leje 
 fuit." As bad as this pun may appear, the great Milton has 
 borrowed it. Par. L. B. ix. 6"47. 
 
 " Serpent, we might have fpar'd our coming hithetj - 
 " Fruitlefs to me, though /rwjY be here to' excefs." 
 
 Upton. 
 
 LV. 2. With which Acontius got &c.] But it vras not with 
 an apple of gold that Acontius got his lover true. This feems 
 our poet's own mythology ; which he often varies and changes 
 j<irt as he pleafes. The whole ftory of the loves of Acontius 
 and Cydippe, may be feen, elegantly told, in the Epiftles of.
 
 4S*I THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK ti*> 
 
 :"i Here eke that famous golden apple grew^. 
 The which emongft the gods falfe Ate threw j 
 For which th' Idaean Ladies difagreed, 
 Till partiall Paris dempt it Venus dew. 
 And had of her fay re Helen for his meed, 
 
 That many noble Greekes and Troians made to 
 bleed. 
 
 The warlike Elfe much wondred at this tree, 
 So fay re and great, that Ihadowed all the 
 ground; 
 -..And his broad braunches, ladenwith rich fee, 
 
 Ariftaenetus, (as they are named,) lib* i ep. x ; where the 
 apple is called y-v^uvwn fAv^r, an orange, citron, or quince ; but 
 tAis apple is there faid to b gathered from the gardens of 
 V'envis. The infcription, written upon the apple, was MA THN 
 APTEMIN AKONTIfi* FAMOYMAl. Cydippe took up the apple ; 
 and reading, Jhe /wore Jhe would marry Acontius, without 
 knowing flie thus fwore ; being unwarily betrayed by the am- 
 biguous infcription. See Ovid, Epijl. Her. xx. 209. 
 " Poftmodo nefcio qua veniffe volubile malum, 
 " Verba ferens dubiis infidiofa notis :" 
 So I would read, and not do6tis, or du6iis. UPTdK. 
 
 LV. 5. The which emongft the gods falfe Ate threw ;] Com 
 pare F. Q. iv. i. 19 and 22. Upton. 
 
 LV. 6. th' Idcean Ladies] He calls tlie three 
 
 goddefles, that contended for the prize of beauty, boldly, but 
 elegantly enough, " Idaean Ladies." Jortin. 
 
 He calls the Mufes and the Graces likewife Ladies, F. Q. 
 i. X. 54, ii. viii. 6. Church. 
 
 The ladies may be further gratified by Milton's adaptation 
 of their title to the celebrated daughters of Hefperus, whom 
 Le calls " Ladies of the Hefperides," in his Par. Regained y 
 B. ii. 357. Todd. 
 
 LV. 7. dempt] Judged, or deemed. Anglo- 
 Sax, deman. In the Ille of Mann, the civil Judge is diftin- 
 guilhed, to this day, by the title of the dempjier, Todd.
 
 CANTO Vir. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 463 
 
 Did ftretch themfelves without the. utmoft 
 bound j,ii .f^.\j, ''.' 
 
 Of this great Gardin, compaft with a mound : 
 
 Which over-hanging, they themfelves did 
 fteepe 
 
 In a blacke flood, which flow'd about it round ; 
 
 Tiiat is the river of Cocytus deepe. 
 In which full many foules do endlefTe vvayle and 
 
 weepe. 
 
 Lvii. 
 Which to behold he clomb up to the bancke ; 
 And, looking downe, faw many damned 
 
 wightes 
 In thofe fad weaves, which direfull deadly 
 ftancke, 
 
 LVII. 2. faxc many &c.] The conftruAion 
 
 is, He law many damned wights continually plunged by cruel 
 fprights in thofe fad waves, which flank, deadly. Of is a pre- 
 pofition. And this kind of fynchyfis is frequently ufed by 
 Spenfer. Upton. 
 
 LVII. 3, In thofe fad ware*,] He fays, " fad waves," 
 alluding to the etymology of Cocytus. See Milton, .Par. L, 
 B. ii. 579- 
 
 " Cocytus, nam'd of lamentation loud 
 " Heard on the rueful ftream." Uptox. 
 
 Perhaps the epithet fad is adopted from Dante, who calls 
 Acheron " la trifta riviera." Todd. 
 
 Ibid. which direfull deadly Jianch,'\ f*er- 
 
 haps, in faying thefe waves ftank fo direful deadly, he alludes 
 to the ancient vulgar opinion concerning the ftate of the un- 
 initiated, that they lie ^opSopw in cceno. See Plato's Phcedo, 
 fed. 13. And Ariltophanes, who wrote his Frogs, to ridicule 
 the ceremonies and notions of thefe myfteries, has the fame 
 expreffion, ver. 145. 
 
 Elra BOPBOPON aroXiv, 
 
 Km ffKu^ ah luv' h ^i liru Kfty-iyni. UPTON.
 
 464' THE FAERIE QUEENEi BdOK Hi 
 
 ^^'"-Pldnged continually of cruell fprightes, ^ 
 
 That with their piteous crjes, and yelling 
 :bfliiOi f>^rightes, -^tHiim^ ViO 
 
 ^ -^^They made the further ihore refounden wide: 
 Emongft the reft of thofe fame ruefull fightes, 
 One curfed creature he by chaunce efpide, 
 That drenched lay full deepe under the Garden 
 ^ - ^^' fide. '^' ' ^'^ ,.i:;uiiij.i ib:.: /a' 
 
 Lviit. n'^'f' 
 
 Deepe was he drenched to the upmoft chin^ 
 . ' Yet gaped ftill as coveting to drinke 
 Of the cold liquour which he waded in ; 
 
 And, ftretchins forth his hand, did often 
 
 -f'U , . , ^ -- . 'i^^-n ill 
 
 thmke 
 
 To reach the fruit which grew upon the 
 
 brincke ; 
 
 But both the fruit from hand, and flood from 
 
 mOUtri* i iJ iiiitn ctrrii iMit^. .u.-\Jii'.i<.{ 
 
 Did fly abacke, arid made him valnely 
 
 fwincke ; 
 The whiles he fterv*d with hunger, and with 
 drouth 
 He daily dyde, yet never througly dyen couth* 
 
 The Knight, him feeing labour fo m vaine, 
 Alktwho he was, and what he meant thereby ? 
 
 LVII. 5. fhrightes,] Shrieks, 
 
 See the note on Jhrighf, F*. Q. vi. iv. 2. Todd.
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERTE QUEENE. 4^5 
 
 Who, groning deepe, thus anfwerd him 
 
 againe ; 
 " Moft curfed of all creatures under ikye, 
 Lo Tantalus, I here tormented lye ! 
 Of whom high love wont whylome feafted 
 
 bee; 
 
 titX. 6. Of whom high Jote viont iohylome feafied bee^l *Tis 
 not improbable but this reading was owing to the copy being 
 blotted ; Jupiter admitted Tantalus to the banquets of the 
 immortals : for great and good men (till known to be other- 
 wife) were faid to be often admitted to feaft with the gods ; fo 
 Peleus, Hercules) &c. and likewife Ixion and Tantalus, while 
 they preferved their charafters. That Tantalus was admitted 
 to the banquet of Jupiter, we have the teftimony of Euri- 
 pides, in his Orejtes, ver. 4, &c. See likewife the Schol. on 
 Horn. Od. X. 581. Let me add Ov. Met. vi. 173. 
 - ' ' - *' mihi Tantalus auftor 
 
 " Cui licmt foil fuperorum tangere menfas." 
 Inftead of yb/f, I read folit as : the librarian omitted the three 
 laft letters " Soli^* men/as." For many mortals were admitted 
 to the banquet of the gods ; 'tis no unufual things How eafy 
 now does the emendation offer itfelf ? 
 
 " Lo Tantalus, I here tormented lye ! 
 
 " Who of high Jove wont whylome feafted bee." 
 Let me add in confirmation of this emendation, the Greek 
 epigram, Antholog. p. 307. 
 
 nOAAAKI DDtlufiU mXittrai/.tvoi -BJopzToJ, 
 
 Kga<rj ait j^tiXty? If* 'rn.'mnioripr, 
 
 Jupiter and the reft of the gods once were feafted by Tantalus, 
 who cut in pieces his fou Pelops, and I'erved him up as a 
 choice diOi. See Servius, Virg. Georg. iii. 7. If Spenfet 
 alluded to this ftory, he would not have faid, 
 
 " Of whom high Jove wont whylome feafted be." 
 Some fay, that, for this impious feaft and murder of his owd 
 fon, he was puniflied in hell. But Spenfer does not allude to 
 this ftory at all, but to another ; which is, that, being adr 
 mitted to the feaft of the gods, he betrayed the heavenly 
 councils and fecrets ; he could not digeft his happinefs, fays 
 
 VOL. III. H h
 
 J^6^ THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Lo, here I now for want of food doe dye 1 
 
 But, if that thou be fuch as I thee fee, 
 
 Of grace I pray thee give to eat and drinke to 
 
 mee ! 
 
 LX. 
 
 " Nay, nay, thou greedy Tantalus," quoth he, 
 
 " Abide the fortune of thy prefent fate ; 
 
 And, unto all that live in high degree, 
 
 Enfample be of mind intemperate, 
 
 To teach them how to ufe their prefent ftate/' 
 
 Then gan the curfed Wretch alowd to cry, 
 
 Accufmg highefl love and gods ingrate ; 
 
 Pindar very finely, aXXa yu^ y^xavi^xi fuyxt o>JSo ax iJufairfli), 
 Oli/m. . 87. What Hyginus relates of Tantalus, Fab. Ixxxii, 
 confirms the emendations, propofed above, both of Spenfer 
 and Ovid. " Jupiter Tantalo concredere fua confilia folitus 
 erat, et ad epulum deorum admittere : quae Tantalus ad 
 homines renunciavit. Ob id dicitur ad inferos in aquam raediam 
 fine corporis fiare, femperque fitire ; et cum hauftum aquae 
 vult fumere, aquam recedere." So his punilhment is related 
 in Hom. Od. K 581.. So Spenfer, " Deepe \yas he drenched 
 to the utmofi: chin." Upton. 
 
 LIX. 9. give to eat and drinke to mee /] This 
 
 is a Grecifm, ^0? spto tpccyt7y xt 'bjh7'>. Upton. 
 
 See the tranflation of St. Mar k vi. 37- " Give ye them to 
 
 eat," AoTE avToT(; i/fA-ui (pxytn. TOD^D. 
 
 LX. 4. of mind intemperate,] This is the 
 
 reading of the fecond edition, and is followed by every fub- 
 fequent edition, except that of Mr. Church, which reads, with 
 Spenfer's firft edition, " of mind more temperate ;" the fenfe 
 of which, in Mr. Church's opinion, is, From your puuifliment 
 let them learn to be more temperate. But Tantalus, the en- 
 fample of mind intemperate, that is, fuflering the puniflimexit 
 of intemperance, will convince the reader, I tliink, that fo per- 
 fpicuous sua. trmendutiou was made by the poet hiinfelf. 
 
 Todd.
 
 CANTO VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 46/ 
 
 And eke blafpheming heaven bitterly, 
 
 As author of uniuftice, there to let him dye. 
 
 LXI. 
 
 He lookt a litle further, and efpyde 
 
 Another Wretch, whofe carcas deepe was drent 
 Within the river which the fame did hyde : 
 But both his handes, moft filthy feculent, 
 Above the water were on high extent, 
 And faynd to waih themfelves inceflantly, 
 Yet nothing cleaner were for fuch intent. 
 But rather fowler feemed to the eye ; 
 
 So loft his labour vaine and ydle induftry. 
 
 LXII. 
 
 The Knight, him calhng, afked who he was ? 
 Who, lifting up his head, him anfwerd thus; 
 " I Pilate am, the falfeft iudge, alas ! 
 And moft uniuft; that, by unrighteous 
 And wicked doome, to lewes defpiteous 
 Delivered up the Lord of Life to dye. 
 And did acquite a murdrer felonous ; 
 The whiles my handes I wafht in purity. 
 
 The whiles my foule was foyld with fowle 
 iniquity." 
 
 LX, 9, there to let him dye.] That is, 
 
 to lie in eternal piinijhmetit ; which is called death in the Scrip-' 
 tiire language. So Spenfer, F. Q. i. ix. 54. 
 
 " Till he fliould die his laji, that is, eternally." Upton. 
 
 LXI. 7. Yet nothing cleaner tuere he J\ Compare the fimilar 
 attempt of Shakfpeare's Lady Macbeth, A. V. S. i. Todd. 
 
 LXIL 8. in purity,} In fign of 
 
 purity. So in Pfal. xxvi. 6. '* I will wafh mine hands in innO' v^ 
 cency" i, e. in token of innocency. Todd. 
 
 H h 2
 
 4^3 TPE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 LXIII. 
 
 Infinite moe tormented in like paine 
 
 He there beheld, too Ions; here to be told : 
 Ne Mammon would there let him long re- 
 may ne, 
 For terrour of the tortures manifold, 
 In \yhich the damned foules he did behold. 
 But roughly him befpake : ' Thou fearefull 
 
 foole, 
 Why takett not of that fame fruite of gold ? 
 Ne fitteft downe on that fame filver ftoole, 
 
 To reft thy weary perfon in the ihadow coole V* 
 
 LXIII. 8. Nefittejt dowie on that fame fiker Jloole] Mam- 
 mon tempts Sir Guypn -with the golden and forbiddenyrwjf ; 
 which if he had gathered, he had betrayed an avaricious dif- 
 pofition. He ten]pts him likewife to lit down on the Jilter 
 Jtool; which if he had done, he would have fhewn himfelf a 
 lazy Knight, and deferving the punifhment of Thefeus for 
 fitting on this flpthful feat. See F. Q. i. v. 35. " Thefeus 
 condemned to endlefie <loth by law." And Virgil, ^n. vi. 617, 
 
 '* Sedet, aeternumque fedebit 
 
 " Infelix Thefeus." 
 
 Where Taubmannus has the following obfervation, " Thefeus 
 cum Pirithoo ad rapiendam Proferpinam defcendens fuper 
 quadam petra con/edit," (typified in this Jilver feat ; the for- 
 bidden feat in the myfteries ;) " k qua petra licet femel ab 
 Hercule avulfus fuerit, poll mortem tamen deftinatus eft, ut 
 in niemoriam iltius rei aeternum in ignefcente ifta petra per- 
 fideat." This^/T,erJ?oo/e is mentioned above, ft. 53. "And 
 in the midft thereof a. filver feat." This Jioole, on which it was 
 unlawful to fit, our poet imaged from the forbidden feat in 
 the Eleufinean myfteries. See Meurs. Eltuftn. p. 10, and the 
 ingenious treatife, concerning thefe myfteries, of Warburton 
 in his Divine Legation of Mofes, vol. i. p. 202. Our Knight 
 has now gone through a kind of initiation, and paffed all the 
 iiery trials ; and comes out more temperate and juft, as filver 
 tried in the iire. Upton.
 
 CAlfTO VII. THE FAERJE QUEENEi; ' 4^9 
 
 LXIV. 
 
 All which he did to do him deadly fall 
 
 SI frayle intemperaunce through finfull bayt ; 
 o which if he inclyned had at all, 
 luit dreadful! Feend, which did behinde him 
 wayt, T^ v^ 
 
 /"ould him have rent in thoufand peeces 
 ftrayt : 
 But he was wary wife in all his way, 
 And well perceived his deceiptfull fleight, 
 Ne fufFred luft his fafety to betray : 
 
 So goodly did beguile the guyler of his pray. 
 
 Lxy. ^ 
 
 And now he has fo long remained theare, 
 That vitall powres gan wexe both weake and 
 
 wan 
 Tor want of food and fleepe, which two up- 
 beare. 
 
 LXIV. 9. of his pray.'] So the firft 
 
 edition reads, to which thofe of 1751, Upton, and Church, 
 adhere. All the reft read " Me pray." Todd. 
 
 LXV. 1. And now he has fo long &c.] Long attention to 
 lucrative purfuits (when better principles that preferve the 
 balance of the mind are not cultivated) brings on a fort of 
 intelledual torpor, a mental paralyfis where ftill fo much 
 adivity remains, as to fufter the ideas to circulate in a certain 
 track ; but all the other faculties are among what Steele aptly 
 calls the tnefaphorically defun^i. Compare Dante, Purg. C.xix. 
 *' Si come V occhio noftro non s' aderfe, 
 " In alto, fiflb alle cofe terrene, 
 " Cosi giuftizia qui a terra il merfe. 
 ** Come avarizia i'penfe a ciafcun bene 
 " Lo noftro amore, onde operar perdeji, 
 " Cofi giuftizia qui ftretti ne tiene &c." Boyd.
 
 -470; THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK II. 
 
 Like mightie pillours, this frayle life of mm. 
 That none without the fame' enduren can : 
 For now three dayes of men were full oit- 
 
 wrought, 
 Since he this hardy enterprize began : 
 Forthy great Mammon fayrely he befought 
 Into the world to guy de him backe, as he him 
 
 brouirht. 
 
 o 
 
 LXVI. 
 
 The god, though loth, yet was conftraynd t* 
 obay ; 
 For lenger time, then that, no living wight 
 Below the earth might fufFred be to (lay : 
 So backe againe him brought to living light. 
 But all fo foone as his enfeebled fpright 
 Gan fucke this vitall ayre into his breft. 
 As overcome with too exceeding might. 
 The life did flit away out of her neft, 
 
 And all his fences were with deadly fit oppreft, 
 
 LXV. 4. Like mightie pillours, &c.] The body is often 
 
 called a houfe, a temple, &c. which wants its proper pillars 
 
 ^ to fupport it; " our earthly houfe," II. Cor. v. 1. Food is 
 
 called the prop or pillar, in Horace Sat. ii. iii. 1 54-, where the 
 
 reader at his leifure may confult the notes of Dr. Bentley. 
 
 " Ni cibus atque 
 
 " III gens accedit ftomacho j^iz/^wra ruenti." 
 Ingens fultura, a mighty prop, a mighty pillar. The very ex- 
 preflion of Spenfer. Upton. 
 
 XXXIV. 1. See Page ^^5. Compare the Gejla Romayiorum, 
 chap. cvii. There was an image in the city of Rome, which 
 ftretched forth its right hand, on the middle finger of which 
 was written strike here. For a long time none could
 
 CAN) VII. THE FAERIE QUEENE. 471 
 
 undeftnd the meaning of this myfterious infcription. At 
 
 lengta certain fubtle Clerk, who came to fee this famous 
 
 imagobferved, as the fun llione againll it, the fhadow of the 
 
 infcied finger on the ground at Tome diftance. He imme- 
 
 diat( took a fpade, and began to dig exadly on that fpot. 
 
 Jle ime at length to a flight of Heps which defcended far 
 
 und) ground, and led him to a ftately palace. Here he 
 
 ent^d a hall, where he faw a king and queen fitting at table, 
 
 witjtheir nobles and a multitude of people, all clothed in 
 
 ricljarments. But no perfon fpake a word. He looked to- 
 
 wa^ one corner, where he faw a poliftied carbuncle, which 
 
 illiiinated the whole room. In the oppofite corner he per- 
 
 cei;d the figure of a man ftanding, having a bended bow 
 
 wif an arrow in his hand, as prepared to ftioot. On his 
 
 fo.'head was written, " I am, who am. Nothing can efcape 
 
 m ftroke, not even yonder carbuncle which fliines fo bright." 
 
 T? Clerk beheld all with amazement ; and, entering a cham- 
 
 b<, faw the mofi; beautiful ladies working at the loom in 
 
 prple. But all was filence. He then entered a ftable full of 
 
 tl moft excellent horfes and afles : he touched fome of them, 
 
 ad they were inftantly turned into ftone. He next furveyed 
 
 a the apartments of the palace, which abounded with all 
 
 tiat his wifties could defire. He again vifited the hall, and 
 
 w began to refleft how he fliould return ; " but," fays he, 
 
 * my report of all thefe wonders will not be believed, unlefs 
 
 Jcarry fomething back with me." He therefore took from 
 
 te principal table a golden cup and a golden knife, and 
 
 ^aced them in his bofom ; when the man, who ftood in the 
 
 orner with the bow, immediately fliot at the carbuncle, which 
 
 ,]e fiiattered into a thoufand pieces. At that moment the hall 
 
 lecame dark as night. In this darknefs not being able tO find 
 
 jis way, he remained in the fubterraneous palace, and foon 
 
 tied a miferable death. 
 
 I In the MORALiSATiON of this ftory, the fl:eps, by which 
 the Clerk defcends into the earth, are fuppofed to be the 
 Paffions. The palace, fo richly ftored, is the World with all 
 its vanities and temptations. The figure with the bow bent is 
 Death, and the carbuncle is Human Life. The Clerk fuft'ers 
 for his avarice in coveting and feizing what was not his own ; 
 and no fooner has he taken the golden knife and cup, that is, 
 enriched himfelf with the goods of this world, than he is de- 
 livered up to the gloom and horrours of the grave. 
 
 Spenfer feems to have diftantly remembered this fable, where 
 the Fiend, expeding Sir Guyon will be tempted to fnatch fome 
 of the treafures of the fubterraneous Houfe of Rkhfjjh which 
 are difplayed in his view, is prepared to fatten upon him :
 
 472 THE FAERIE QUEENE. IDK II* 
 
 " Thereat the Feend his gnaihing teeth did grat 
 " And griev'd fo long to lack his greedie pray&c. 
 This ftory was originally invented of pope Gerbert)r Syl- 
 vefter the fecond, who died in the year 1003. He vj emi- 
 nently learned in the mathematical I'ciences, and on at ac- 
 count was ftyled a magician. William of Malmefbi- is, I 
 believe, the firft writer now extant by whom it is rerded : 
 and he produces it partly to fliow, thatGerbert was no\lways 
 fuccefsful in thofe attempts, which he fo frequently prtifed, 
 to difcover treafures hid in the earth by the applicationf the 
 necromantick arts. I will tranflate Malmefeury's narraon of 
 this fable, as it varies in fome of the circumftances, al has 
 fome heightenings of the fidion. " At Rome there as a 
 brafen ftatue, extending the forefinger of the right hand and 
 on its forehead was written Strike here. Being fufpedl to 
 conceal a treafure, it had received many bruifes fronthe 
 credulous, and ignorant, in their endeavours to open it. At 
 -Jength Gerbert unriddled the myftery. At noon-day obfeiing 
 the refledion of the forefinger on the ground, he markeahe 
 fpot. At night he came to the place, with a page carryi^ a 
 lamp. There, by a magical operation, he opened a wide af- 
 fage in the earth ; through which they both defcended, nd 
 came to a vaft palace. The walls, the beams, and the whle 
 ftrudlure, were of gold : They faw golden images of knigts 
 playing at chefs, with a king and queen of gold at a banqet, 
 with numerous attendants in gold, and cups of immenfe e^- 
 and value. In a recefs was a carbuncle, whofe luftre illuii- 
 nated the whole palace : oppofite to which ftood a figure wt.h 
 a bended bow. As they attempted to touch fome of the rih 
 furniture, all the golden images feemed to rufli upon then. 
 Gerbert was too wife to attempt this a fecond time : but t.e 
 page was bold enough to fnatch from the table a golden kni'e 
 of exquifite workmanftiip. At that moment, all the goldm 
 images rofe up with a dreadful noife ; the figure with the bov 
 fliot at the carbuncle ; and a total darknefs enfued. The pag 
 then replaced the knife ; otherwife, they both would havi 
 fufl'ered a cruel death." T. Warton. 
 
 END OF THE THIRD VOLUME. 
 Printed by Bye anil Law, St. John's-S^uare, ClerkeowelL
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
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