mm'--" II ■a t I pi- 1 i^. ii^H-^-;^-'-: THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES GIFT OF COMMODORE BYRON MCCANDLESS RE-DEDICATION OLD STATE HOUSE. RE-DEDIC.ATION OLD STATE HOUSE BOSTON, JULY 11, 1882. Boston: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE CITY COUNCIL 1882. CITY OF BOSTON, In Board of Aldermen, July 17, 1882. Ordered, That an account of tlio proceedings attending the re-dedication of the Old State House be prepared by the Clerk of Committees, under the direction of the Committee on Printing, and that fifteen hundred copies thereof be printed ; the expense to be charged to the appropriation for Printing. Passed in Common Council. Came up for concurrence. Read and concurred. Approved by the Mayor, July 18, 1882. 73.8 CONTENTS Preliminary Note Proceedings at Re-dedication Remarks of Alderman Charles II. Herscy Prayer ...... . Oration ...... Remarks of Mayor Samuel \. Green Remarks of Hon. Marshall P. Wikler Letter from Gov. John D. Long Letter from Com. 0. C. Badger Appendix : — A. Papers relative to Town House of IG, B. Papers relative to rebuilding in 1711 C. Papers relative to Fire in 1747 . T). Note rel.ative to the Lion and Unicorn E. Note relative to Faneuil Hall F. Note relative to Old City Hall, Schoo: G. Report of City Areliiteet H. Financial E.vhibit I. Extracts from the Will of Captain Robert Keay Index ........ street PAGE 9 17 18 19 22 115 119 121 121 125 129 134 141 144 147 153 157 163 170 LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS. PAOE Old State House, 1882 Frontispiece Old State House, Interior Views, 1882 22 *01d State House in 1791 63 *James Otis 70 State-street Massacre 82 ♦Samuel Adams 84 *Josiali Quincy, Jr 87 *Jolin Hancock . . . ' 88 ♦Thomas Gushing, Speaker, 1771 5*0 *James Bowdoin .......•••■ 94 Old State House in 1785 95 Triumphal Arch at the Reception of Washington in 1789 ... 96 Fac-simile of Order of Procession, in Honor of Washington's Visit in 1780 97 *01d State House in 1793 98 ♦Old State House in 1801 101 State Street and Old State House in 182G 103 Old State House in 1821, by Hales 103 Old State House, from Pemberton Hill, Salmon's View, 1829 . . 104 Old State House in 1835, 1850, 1880 104 Old State House in 1830, 1835, 1838 . 107 Old State House on Fire in 1832 108 Old State House in 187G, showing Mansard Roof, Signs, etc. . . 110 Paneuil Hall in 1789 146 Faneuil Hall in 1826 147 Court House, Boston, erected in 1811-12 148 Diagrams from Maps in 1800 and 1814^howing Court House . . 150 Johnson Hall, Court Square 151 Court House, 1851 151 City Hall, 1856 152 Aruliitect's Plan Old State House 155 * From the Mcmurial History of Boston, by permissiou. PEELIimAEY NOTE. PRELIMmARY NOTE. The restoration of the Old State House is an event of which every Bostonian ma}' well be proud. The history- of the buildinff is so indissolublv connected with the most stirrino; events in the annals of the city, and of the nation also, that it is a source of peculiar gratification to know that the ancient edifice has been saved from destruction, and will bo handed down to future generations in a form substantially the same as it presented when within its venerable walls "the child Independence was born." The building narrowly escaped destruction in 1876. In that year the leases expired and an effort was made to remove it, on the ground that it was an obstruction to the extension of Devonshire street. The subject was vigorously discussed in both branches of the City Council, and resulted in a com- promise, by which the portico on the easterly end, built in 1830, was removed, and the space that it occupied thrown into the street. The building was then re-leased for a term of five years. At the termination of the leases in 1881, the question arose as to whether the building should be again leased, or whether it should be restored to its original condition and preserved for public purposes.' The latter view prevailed, and the result is commemorated in the following pages. 1 Foi- i-epoi-t of Hearings, see City Document 71B, 1881. 10 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. The history of the GUI State House is so completely related ill Mv. "Whituiore's oration that any further elal)oration of the subject appears superfluous ; but, inasmuch as attempts have been made to throw discredit upon the claims of the building to he a genuine relic of revolutionary and jire- revolutionary times, a few words on that point may not be out of place. Throughout all the changes that have taken place the Old State House has preserved its original form more closely than any other of the historic buildings of the country. The alterations that have been made from time to time were such as did not aflect the construction of the building to any great extent, and the material in it to-day is mostly that which was put in place l)y the original l)uilders. The work of restora- tion consisted mainly of removing the additions that were made when the building was titted up for mercantile uses. The new work placed in the building consisted principally of interior finish, such as would naturally require renewal in course of time from the wear and tear incidental to buildings used for public purposes. » For the purpose of more fully illustrating this fact it has been thought desirable to present several reproductions of old prints which show the appearance of the building at difl[erent times, and prove that the exterior form of the old l)uilding has not been materialty changed. The first view is that given in Paul Revere's engraving of the Boston massacre, made about 1770. This is the earliest view extant, and is particularly interesting from the fact that it is the only one which shows the lion and the unicorn. The view of 1785 is taken from the cover of the "Boston Magazine" for OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. H July of that year, and shows a flight of steps leading to the east door, and the removal of the lion and unicorn. The fact that an engraving of the building was chosen to embellish the title-page of a popular magazine would seem to show that it was considered of considerable importance at that time. The view of 1801 is an enOTaving made for the "Memorial History of Boston" from a painting Ity J. B. iNIarston, in the possession of the Historical Society. The view of 1821, from Hales' survey, shows the flrst extensive alteration. The steps had been removed and a large window substituted for the door under tiie Ijalcoa}^ The view of 1821], froiti Snow"s history, shoM's that a clock had been substituted for a sun-dial. Chimneys also appear for the first time. They were prol)aI)ly Iniilt when the upper portion of the building was leased to the ^Masonic order. The view from Snow's geography, of 1830, shows the alterations made when the building was fitted up for municipal purposes. The upper balcony was extended across the ])uilding, and was supported bj- eight heavy colimins, arranged in pairs, and resting upon a lower balcony. This view is the only one which shows the town pump, which is still rememljcred by many of oiu' older citizens. Salmon's picture of the fire in 1832, and the view from Bowen's volume of 1838, both show the building un- changed. The view made by Loring, in 1876, shows the addition of a Mansard roof, and gives a correct idea of the l)uilding as it appeared when given over completely to l)usiness purposes. Shortly after this sketch was made the balconies on the 12 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. easterly end were removed in order to widen the street, and the" buikiing then appeared as shown in the view made in 1880. Turning no^\' to tlie Washington-street end, the earliest view is that of 1789, taken from the "Polyanthus." This print shows a temporary balcony, erected for the accommoda- tion of General Washington when he reviewed the procession in lionor of liis visit to Boston. It shows, also, the triumphal arch, wliicli was thrown across Washington street. In this connection a copy of the progTamme of the procession is given, slightly reduced in size, from the original now in possession of the Public Library. The views of 1791 and of 1795, l)oth from the "Massachu- setts Magazine," show no alteration in the l^uilding. The drawing made by Hunt, and lithographed by Pendle- ton, in 1835, shows a balcony supported by heavy columns, and corresponds with a view given in the Bewick Company's map of same date. A lithograph made in 1850 shows that the columns had been removed, and a modern store front put in. Tliis con- dition remained substantially unchanged, in 1880. On examining these views it will be seen that the original lines of the old building have not been altered, and that the exterior walls remain intact, except where the doors and windows in the lower story were enlarged. Comparing the Old State House with other historic ))uild- ings, as, for instance, Independence Hall, Philadelphia, and Faneuil Hall, the former has certainly the strongest claim to be regarded as a genuine relic. Etting's History of Inde- pendence Hall shows that the work of restoring that edifice OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 13 was attended by far greater difficulties than were met with in the Old State House. Two views of Faneuil Hall are here given. One from tiie "Massachusetts Magazine" shows the original building as it appeared in Revolutionary days ; the other, from Snow's history, shows it after it was enlarged in 1808, or as it is to-day. A white line on the latter engraving indicates the outline of the old building, and shows that the historic Faneuil Hall was a much smaller building than the present one ; in fact, but a small portion of the old building remains. Nevertheless, no one questions the title of both Indepen- dence Hall and Faneuil Hall to be venerated as genuine relics of historic times. PROCEEDINGS AT RE-DEDICATION. PROCEEDINGS AT RE-DEDICATION. The five-years' lease of the Old State House expired July 1, 1881. In anticipation of that event it was suggested that the historic interest of the buildino; was so great that it might be desirable to retain the control of, at least, the upper part floor of the building for public uses, and to restore the whole edifice to the appearance it wore a century ago. The City Council, after considerable discussion, voted to appropriate the sum of thu-ty-five thousand dollars for repairs on the building, putting the charge, as usual, in the hands of the Committee on Public Buildings, of which Alderman William WooUey was chairman in 1881 and 1882. The work proved greater than was anticipated ; but on June 29, 1882, the committee was able to announce the sub- stantial completion of their labors (see City Doc. 100), and to invite the City Council to attend at the formal transfer of the building to His Honor the Mayor, on Tuesday, July 11. Accordingly, on the forenoon of that day, the following pro- ceedings took place, which are now published by order of the City Council. The ceremonies were held in the East Hall, occupied in colonial times by the Governor and Council, afterwards hy the State Senate, and from 1830 to 1840 by the Board of Aldermen. Portraits of the old governors, Wintluop, 18 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. Endicott, Bellingham, and Burnet, were kindly loaned for the occasion, by direction of Hon. Robert R. Bishop, Presi- dent of the Senate. The Massachusetts Historical Society loaned portraits of Governors Belcher, Joseph Dudley, and Hutchinson. The Public Library contributed a caricature of Governor Gage, and engi'avings of Governors Pownall and Andros also hung upon the walls. In the West Hall, formerly occupied l)y the House of Representatives, and later by the Common Council, were the super!} portraits of Samuel Adams and John Hancock owned by the city, and Stuart's portrait of Josiah Quiiicy, Jr., the patriot. Otiier interesting pictures and engravings adorned the various rooms. The orator of the day delivered his address from the Speaker's desk used in the old House of Representatives, and now owned 1)y the Massachusetts His- torical Society. Owing to the unavoidable absence of Alderman Woolley, chairman of the committee, the asseml)lage was called to order by Alderman Heesey, who spoke as follows : — Mr. Mayor, Gentlemen of the City Council, Ladies and Gentlemen: — You are assembled here to-day to receive the report of the committee to whom was assigned the duty of renovating and restoring" the Old State House. The work is completed, of which you have the evidence before you, and I am happy to say it has been done within the estimates and appropria- tion. OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 19 Til 3 work of restoration has not been accom- plished except by much expenditure of time and thought in delving among old documents for evi- dences of what the building was in its early days; and it presents to-day, both as to its exterior and interior, substantially the same apjiearance that it did in those early days of its history when the noble men, whose portraits look down upon us here, walked these streets, and to the gathered citizens within these historic walls spoke the patriotic words of counsel that incited them to deeds of noble daring in defence of national liberty, and made this country a free republic. It would seem proper that, in dedicating this build- ing to purposes akin to those for which it was originally designed, we should seek the Divine favor. I therefore will request the Rev. Dr. Rufus Ellis, pastor of the First Church, to ask a blessing. It would seem appropriate and fitting that he, the pas- tor of the church which in its early days was located in this immediate vicinity, should thus officiate. You will please give your attention while the Rev. Dr. Ellis asks a blessing. PRAYER BY RUEUS ELLIS, D.D. O God of our fathers, our dwelling-place in all generations, we thank Thee for our goodly heritage. 20 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. Not without Thee would we come together. Obedi- ent to Thy voice do we remember the days of old. It is our desire and prayer that by these renewals and restorations we may so strengthen the things that remain, and so bind together our best and most precious hopes, and our dearest memories, that we shall grow thereby in all sweet humanities, and our city be, indeed, as a city set upon a hill whose light cannot be hid, whose light shall shine in praise and works that are just and merciful. We pray Thee that this ancient house may be for- ever a commou possession, a common jo}^, and a common pride of all those whose homes and places of daily toil are centi-ed about it, and may it be a memorial to them that they are citizens of no mean city. So may the Lord keep the city; so may its walls be salvation and its gates praise ; and so for the abundance of righteousness and love within its bor- ders may all the walls that are builded by human hands be consecrated ; and may this be to us at last, in the brighter and better and holier days, that city of our God, of which it is written, I saw no temple therein: and for the light that shines upon all and upon the house may there be nothing uncommon or unclean. "We pray this prayer unto Thee in His name who bids us ]-ender unto Cfesar the things which are Caesar's and unto God the things which are God's, OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 21 and, in the words which He hath taiiglit us, may we with one heart and one voice say nnto Thee : Our Father whicli art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our ti*espasses as we forgive those that trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation; but deliver us fi"om evil. For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever and ever. Amen. Alderman Heksey. — Ladies and gentlemen, perhaps to one member of the city government more than all others is due the credit of whatever success has attended the restoration of this building:. I allude to that member whose duty and pleasure it will be to address you on this occasion. It gives me great pleasure to introduce to you Williasi H. Whitmore, member of the Common Council from Ward 12. ADDRESS OF WILLIAM H. WHITMORE. Fellow-members of the City Council: — "We are gathered here to-day to re-dedicate a build- ing ah'eady hallowed by the patriotic contests of previous generations. We are to strengthen a link in that chain of our history which connects those who resisted the despotism of the Stuarts Avith those who rebelled against the misgovernment of the mother country, and again with those who so lately foiTght for the preservation of the unity of the nation. We are to remember that we are henceforth the custo- dians not only of Faneuil Hall and the Old South, so i;niversally known at the present day, but also of that older and still more revered spot, which, after a temporary neglect and decay, is now to stand pre- eminent among all the buildings in the land. I will endeavor to set forth, with due citation of authorities, the claims of the Old State House to be the spot most intuuately associated with the history of liberty in this Commonwealth, and the right of the present building to assume to be, not the representa- tive of departed glories, but their actual and existing monument, — never obliterated, never changed in any OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 23 essential degree, — as fit to-day as it was a century ago to be the glorious theatre of immortal events. When our forefathers established this toAvni they found that IS^ature had apparently marked this spot for a centre of the neAV settlement. A little projec- tion, of which our State street is the ridge, divided the coves lying north and south. The land reached then as far as Kilby street on the one side, and Merchants' Eow on the other. On the north tlie Town Dock, now covered by Quincy Market and even b}^ streets ftirther inland, reached to the slopes of Copp's Hill. On the south a cove, occupying Liberty square and its vicinity, severed Fort Hill from approach, except on the line of Franklin street. Directly in the range of this point the lofty height of Beacon Hill towered above the narrow plain, through which Washington street and Court street were to be stretched. Along the banks of these coves, and in the low lands between the three hills of Trimont, the houses of the little settlement were soon closely clustered. Here, on the site since occupied by Brazer's build- ing, was placed the first meeting-house, wherein from the beginning the townsmen met to consult also upon temporal aftairs. In front of the meeting-house was a lot set apart for a market-place as early as 1634, and definitely recognized as such in the Book of Possessions in 24 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 16i5. It was, as it now is, the land enclosed by the two arms of the street, and its dimensions have never been lessened. On the southerly side of State street Capt. Robert Keayne lived, on the corner of our Washington street, with two neighbors between him and the meeting-house, while Elder Leverett and two others owned the remaining lots. On the north side of State street John Cogan had built the first shop in Boston, on the corner of Washington street; and down the street were the lots of Rev. John Wilson and seven others. Opposite, on Washington street, John Leverett lived on the corner, with Rich- ai'd Parker south and west. Such were the fii'st surroundings of this site,^ until, ' In Suffolk Deeds, iii., 386. are the depositions taken in July, 1660, of William Colbron, James Penn, and James Johnson, in regard to the sale of the meeting-house lot to Robert Thompson, of London, now of Boston. The price paid was £160 sterling. The lot is described as follows : "being sixty sixe foote long abutting upon a lane that lieth bctwecne the same & land lately appertaining unto Thomas Leverett, elder of said church, deceased, but now belonging to Isack Addington, on the north east side ; sixty two foote broad abutting upon the great streete wherein the Towne House standeth, on the north west side ; sixty four foote long abutting partlj' upon the great streete aforesaid and partly upon an ally that passeth betweene the same, & the house & land of Henry Phillips, butcher, on the south west side : & being sixty foote broad abutting upon a lane that licth between the same & the laud lately belonging to Robert Scott, deceased, and now in the pos- session of his relict, on the south east side." Thus we learn that the lot had a street or an alley on each side. The north-west alley was Pudding Lane, now Devonshire street. The other alley-ways are still represented by Congress square. In 1708, in the hst of streets, etc., we find ; " The way Leading from y' Exchange in King Street, OLD STATE HOUSE KE-DEDICATION. • 25 in 1640, the meeting-house, " being decayed and too small," Avas sold, and a new one Avas built on the site since occupied by Joy's Building. The site was in dispute, some Avishing to put it on the Green, where the Old South stands. Winthrop, i., 318, writes: " Others, viz., the tradesmen esjjecially, who dAvelt about the market-place, desired it might stand still near the market, lest in time it should divert the chief trade from thence." In the meeting-house passing by Mrs. Phillips into Water street, Pudding Lane. The way Lead- ing from King Street by the House of Isaac Addington, Esq', with y' returne into Pudding Lane, Half Square Court." In 173G, Half-square court was the lane "from Jlaccarty's corner turning into Pudding Lane." In 1800, Half-square court was "the way round the buildings back of tlie Post Office." This original purchaser, Robert Thompson, was of the family ennobled as Barons Haversham. His son or grandson, William Thompson, of Elsham, county Lincoln, had a son Robert and a daughter Mary, wife of Humphrey Edwin, of St. Albans, county Herts. The only daughter of this last, Eliza- beth Edwin, married Thomas Corbett, of Darnluill, county Chester, and 14th Janu.iry, 1802, Mr. and Mrs. Corbett sold to Thomas Dawes, of Bos- ton (Suff. Deeds, lib. 205, f. 105), their building on State street, called "Boston Buildings," and also the Thompson Farm, in Chelsea. August 21, 182G (Suff. Deeds, lib. 312, f. 123), si.x of the Dawes' family sold .an undi- vided half of a lot bequeathed to them by their grandfather, Thomas Dawes, to John Brazer, for $18,357.75. Later deeds show the purchase of the remainder at the same rate. There is a plan recorded with the deed, show- ing 2,388 feet in all, the lot having evidently been shorn of its original lines on Devonshire street and the corner on State street. Upon the death of Mr. Brazer. in 1828, this lot came to his daughter, Mrs. Sarah Brooks, who died in 1867, and whose children own it. It is a remarkable fact, th.at a large lot of land on State street should have remained so long in two families. 26 OLD STATE HOUSE KE-DEDICATION. "the general and great quarter courts are kept,'' wrote Lechford in 1640. That is to say, our incip- ient Legishiture and primitive courts of Law were there lield; as, of necessity, must have been con- vened all town-meetings. At that time there were about two hundi'ed and fifty householders in Boston, representing a popiilation of some fifteen hundred persons. Even in 1(585 only ninety votes were cast in town-meeting to elect deputies. (Sewall, i., 67.) For more than a quarter of a centur}' from the set- tlement of the town this provision Avas sufficient. But in 1656 Capt. Keayne died, and his will proved that for years he had been devising benefits for his fellow-townsmen. Keayne was, one of the founders of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. His controversy, in 1642, Avith Mrs. Sherman, about a stray pig, had brought the two houses of the magistrates and deputies to such disputes that they had resolved to sit in different chambers. (Winthrop, ii., 160.) He Avas a merchant, and had been severely disciplined by the church for trying to make a profit on his A^entures beyond the amount Avhich the clergy thought proper. (Winthrop, i., 315.) "We need not suspect Capt. Keayne of extortion, for theo- logians of that date had hardly escaped from the belief that all interest Avas usury and all jirofit a breach of Christian charity. Our merchant, hoAV- ever, submitted to discipline, and was restored to OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 27 popular favor, being elected to the Legislature, and otherwise employed by the town. For three years before his death he had been Avriting with his own hand that enormous will of one hun- dred and fifty-eight folio pages, now preserved on our probate records, by which he disposed of some four thousand pounds, — an enormous fortune in those days. "Writing laboriously and care- fully, evidently desiring that his money should be wisely expended, Keayne planned various ways of aiding his felloAV-townsmen. One-half of his estate went to his son, the other to public uses. Three hundred pounds was for the Town House ; one hundred for the granary; fifty to the free school; fifty to the poor of his church ; one hundred to Harvard College ; somewhat to the Artillery Company ; many legacies to relatives, friends, and servants, — a whim- sical, generous, pathetic will, full of a desire to do good according to the best of his light. But the tovm. of Boston was to receive one gift which would endure even to this day. Tliree hun- dred pounds Avere to be laid out in building a conduit and a market-place, " with some convenient room or two for the Courts to meet in both in summer and winter, and so for the Townsmen and Commissioners in the same building or the like, and a convenient room for a liliraiy, and a gallery, or some other hand- some room for the elders to meet in; also a room for 28 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. an armory." There was to be a room for merchants, masters of ships, and strangers, as well as townsfolk. All this, with much repetition and amendment, is set forth in the will; and the main part endured.^ In February, 1656-7, the Selectmen began to take action respecting the legacy, and at the town-meet- ing in March, 1657, " Capt [Thomas] Savage, Mr [Anthony] Stoddard, Mr [Jeremy] Houchin and Mr Ed [ward] Hutchinson" were chosen a committee " to consider of the modell of the towne house to bee built, as concerning the charge thereof, and the most convenient place; as also to take the subscriptions of the inhabitants to propagate such a building; and seasonably to make report to a publick townes meeting." Kea3aie had suggested Mr. [Thomas] Broughton arid Mr. [John] Clarke, the chirurgeon, as good persons to devise a plan; but these others were trusted citizens. Although no picture or j^lan of this first Town House has been presei'ved, we can get a very good idea of it from the papers preserved by the Massa- chusetts Historical Society. These documents were published in Mayor Wightman's address at the laying ^ See Appendix I for a copy of tins will. His autograph is OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 29 of the corner-stone of the present City Hall, and are reprinted in Appendix F of this volume. The committee of four, perhaps, reported to the town-meeting, for we find that on the 31st August, 1657, Thomas Marshall, Samuel Cole (not Cobb, as is printed in the address), William Paddy, Joshua Scottow, and Jeremy Houchin (of wliom all l^ut Houchin were selectmen), " having full power given us " to engage the town for the payment for the house, appointed Edward Hutchinson and John Hull commissioners to attend the work. These two last- named agreed with Thomas Joy and Bartholomew Bernad to erect the building for the £300 of the Keayne legacy, and a further sum of £100, to be subscribed. We find, also, that, as the work progressed, it was evident that more money would be needed, and, therefore, some hundred and four patriotic citizens contributed the sum of £367.11. As the final pay- ment was £680, evidently this list contains nearly, if not quite, all the donors. The house was to be 36 feet wide and 66 feet long, set upon 21 pillars 10 feet high, projecting 3 feet over the i)illars on each side. Moreover there was a walk on the top, 14 or 15 feet wide, with two turrets, and balusters and rails round the walk. There were to be two pair half-paced stairs, and turned stairs up into the wallc. We infer that there were two rooms. 30 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. one from each end chimney coming towards tlie centre, with a staircase at each end, and that one of these halls was subdivided into two i-ooms. Good floors, windows, mantle-pieces, gutters, and other details are specified, showing that the town intended to have a good building. Exactly when the first Town-house was completed and occupied does not appear by the records, though the contract with Joy and Bernad specifies that it was to be erected by June 30, 1658, and covered and shingled within six weeks later. May 19, 1658, the General Coiu*t passed the fol- loAving order (Rec, iv., p. 327) : — '' lu answer to the request of the Select meu of Boston, the court judgeth it meet to allow unto Boston, for and towards the charges of their town house, Boston's proportion of one single country rate for this year ensuing, provided that sufficient rooms in the said house shall be forever free, for the keeping of all Courts, and also that the place underneath shall be free for all inhabitants in this jurisdiction to make use of as a market for ever, without payment of any toll or tribute whatsoever." The Selectmen of Boston voted March 28, 1659, that no one should smoke or bring a fire or match under or about the Town-house excejit in case of military exercise; so that the building was probably then ready. Feb. 28, 1660-61, a settlement was ordered with Thomas Joy and partner " for the building of the OI-D STATE HOUSE KE-DEDICATION. 31 towne-house stayre cases and Conduit" l)y paying therefor six hundred and eighty pounds, deducting what had heen paid. Oct. 9, 1667, the Legislatiu-e ordered " the neces- sary full and suitable repair of the Town and Coui't House in J^oston, founded hj/ the late Captain JRobert Keayne,^^ one-half of the expense to be paid by the country, one-quarter by the county of Suffolk, one- quarter by the town of Boston. May 31, 1671, they ordered, on the same terras, " by a firm whole wall to the bottom of the braces, with brick or stone to re- pah* the Court or ToAvn House, so that all inconven- iences by rotting the timbers «6;c. lie prevented." Josselyn, who was here in 1663, says, in his account printed three years later, that there is in Boston " a Town House built upon pillars, where the Merchants may confer; in the Chambers above, they keep their monthly Courts." John Dunton, in 1686, merel}^ repeats the same words. From items in the town records it seems that Kichard Taylor hired the shop under the stairs at the west end of the Town House in 1661, and in 1669 he obtained an extension of his term for sixty- one years. In 1666 Roliert Gibbs obtained a lease of the cellar imder the To'\\ai House; and in 1664 Thomas Lake and Hezekiah Usher seem to have been in possession of the east end of the cellar. In 1678 Samuel Shrimpton bought out Lake's interest 82 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. from his widow, and obtained an extension of the lease for thirtj-nine years. "Oct. 28, 1G8G, let to John Hayward, notary, the small shop or room in the westerly end of the Town Honse, lately occu- pied by JSTathaniel Barnes, for 21 years at the rent of ten shillings annually."''' We may therefore safely assume that, as the building was raised on pillars, the lower floor was partly partitioned off for shops, leaving a large space for the daily exchange. As early as 1664 a bell was ordered to be rung at eleven o'clock every working day, to give notice of the assem- bling there for one hour of merchants, strangers, and inhabitants. In 1683 it was voted " that a note set up under the Town House upon one of the pillars, concerning the price of wheat, shall be sufficient notice to the bakers to size their bread by, according to law." May 11, 1696, "agreed that the market appointed by law should be in and about the Town House, and be opened on August 11th, next." Upstairs we find that there were three rooms, one probably for the Governor and Council, and one for the Representatives ; and naturally there would be also some anterooms. Although the first building covered less ground than there is in the present lot, it was probably because there was more space at the east and west ends. The first OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 33 house was 66 feet long, the present 110, but the extra space was in the street. In f^act, the French map* by Franquehn, made in 1693, represents the space occupied by the Town House to be as large as the present ground. The other portions of Keayne's plans did not prove so permanent. In 1684 and in 1695 mention is made of the Town's Library; but it was perhaps lost in the fire, 1711. As to his Conduit, we know that it failed in some twelve years. It was doubtless to be constructed in imitation of the structures then common in England. "They are a kind of stone cage or cap, under cover of which the conduit pipe rises to the top and then lets down its stream; sometimes openly (the cap being a cage), some- times unseen, to a reservoir near the bottom."* The Avaste-water was allowed to escape b}- paved gutters, or otherwise to seek the earth. Doubt- less Captain Keayne expected to utilize the springs near his house as a sujjply of water for daily use, and "especially in case of fire." But such open streamy were unsuited to this climate ; and that feat- ure of English toAvns could not be imitated here. In March, 1672 (Town Records, ii., 66), it was ^A careful copy of this map is in our Public Library, and heliotypes there- from have been freely issued. ' Prof. William Everett has kindly furnished the above description from his observation in England. 34 <^I'n STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. voted that, as the work " by the Providence of God hath not proved so useful as was expected and desired," by an agreement with the overseers of Keayne's will, "liberty Avas given to Mr. Nicholas Page to take away the bricks belonging to the place intended for a conduit at the end of the Towti House, before his door, provided he immediately fill the place even with the ground about it." As Page had bought of the town its half of the new house, adjoining Keayne's old one, which K.'s overseers had given in payment of the legacy, it is clear that the conduit was planned to be on the south fork of State street, beside the Town-house. The first building stood from 1658 to 1711, when it was bui'iied in a tei'rible conflagration. In it pre- sided Governors Endicott, Bellingham, Leverett, and Bradstreet, under the old charter; Andros, under the orders of King James; and Phips, Stoughton, Bello- mont, and Joseph Dudley under the new charter. Through many perils — from Indian foes, from English tyranny, and from domestic treachery — the settlement steadily increased in population and wealth during these fifty-three years. It is estimated by Shattuck that the population of Boston was, in A.D. 1680, four thousand five hundred persons; in A.D. 1690, seven thousand persons; in A.D. 1700, OLD STATE HOUSE KE-DEDICATION. 35 six thousand seven hundred persons; in A.D. 17J0, nine thousand persons. At one tune, indeed, in 1689, this ToA^ai House was the centre of a revohition. In Ajjril of tha.t year the colonists, inspired by the news tliat AViUiam of Orange had hinded in England, took the desjierate resolve to rebel against King James and his gov- ernor here. It was a rash venture; but it succeeded. Within the pi'evious year Andros, a veteran soldier of large experience, had constructed on the neighbor- ing height a fortification, whicli gave its name to Fort Hill. He had royal troops under his command, and a man-of-war was anchored off the shore. But the leaders of the people assembled at the Town- house in Boston, supported by the bold and resolute freemen of the colony, and in a single day the royal authority was overthrown.' It should be forever remembered that, although a like success in England at the same tune secured the immunity of these Bos- * In Byfiuld's Account, reprinted in the Andros Tracts, he states that Gov. Andros, having been captured at the Fort, was "conveyed to the Council-house, where Mr. Bradstreet and the rest of the Gentlemen waited to receive him.". Hutchinson, i., 381, says, "A long declaration was read from the balcony or gallery of the Town House." Beside this there was a broadside issued, subscribed by Wait Winthrop, Simon Bradstreet, and thir- teen others, dated " at the Town House in Boston, April 18, 1689," stating to Gov. Andros that "We judge it necessary you forthwith surrender and deliver up the Government and Fortification, to be preserved and disposed according to Order and Direction from the Crown of England, which suddenly is expected may arrive." 36 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. tonians, still the actors were then ignorant of that event, and for at least a month they were ojien and avowed rebels. I^or can it be doubted that the whole, course of our histoiy was innnensely influ- enced by the fact that, when William and Mary ascended the throne, they found the colony of Massa- chusetts so far distinguished from other colonies as to have foug'ht independently for its rights. This old ToAvn-house was the first shrine of liberty; and every subsequent act can be clearly shown to be the natural and logical consequence of that fii'st uprising of a free people. As the centre of the town this old hall must have witnessed many stirring scenes. Unfortunately, until we reach the date of SewalFs invaluable Diary, we have no warrant for the details. Sewall (i., 138) notes, under date of May 17, 1686, " General Court sits at one o'clock, I goe thither about 3. The Old Government draws to the ISTorth-side, Mr. Addington, Caj^t. Smith and I sit at the Table, there not being room Came also Capt. of King's Frigot Gov"'. Hinkly, Gov'. West and sate on the Bench, and the Room pretty well filled Avith Spectators in an Instant." May 18, he mentions a great wedding celebrated at OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 37 Mr. Slirimpton's by Mr. Eauclolph's chaplain, " when Prayer was had at the Town House." May 26, 168G, he notes that Mr. Eatchffe and the Episcopahans asked to have one of the three churches to preach in. " That is denyed and he is granted the East-End of the Town House, ivhere the Dejmties used to meet, until those who desire his Ministry shall provide a fitter place." Dec. 20, 1680, Gov. Andros arrives, "lands at. Gov^ Leverett's wharf alwnt 2 P.M. when the President, &c., meet him, and so march up through the Guards .of the 8 Companyes to the Town House where part of the Commission read." December 25, 1686. " Governour goes to the Town House to Service Forenoon and Afternoon, a Eed-Coat going on his right hand and Capt. George on the left." January 31, 1686-7. "There is a meeting at the Town House forenoon and afternoon: Bell rung for it, respecting the beheading Charles the First: Governour there." April 26, 1687. "Court sits. President in the Governonr's seat, Mr. Stoughton at his right hand, Col. Shrimpton next him; Mr. Lynde at his left hand. Major Lidget next him." From these notes we infer that before Andros^s time the Dej)uties had the chamber on the east end. Afterwards the Supreme Court held its sessions in the room appropriated to the Governor and 38 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. Council, which probably was the same East Chamber, as the Deputies were no part of the government under the Andros administration. This room, hav- ing once become the property of the Governor and Council, seems to have remained in use by them until the Revolution. On May 14, 1692, Sir "William Phips arrived, the first governor under the Second or Provincial Char- ter." Sewall writes (Diary, i., 360) : " Sir William arrives in the Nonsuch Frigat: Candles are lighted before he gets into Town-house. Eight Comjjanies wait on Him to his house, and ,then on Mr. Mather to his. Made no volleys because 'twas Satterday night.'' ''Monday, May 16. Eight Comj^anies and tAvo from Charlestown guard Sir William and his Councillors to the Town-house whei'e the Commis- sions are read and Oaths taken." Boston, at this date, had not far from one thousand houses and seven thousand inhabitants (Palfrey, iv., 136) ; but at the election of a representative in. May, 1698, 'Palfrey (Hist., iii., 590) thus describes the scene: "From far and near the people flocked into Boston ; the government, attended by the principal gentlemen of the capital and the towns around, passed in procession on horseback through the tlioroughfares ; the regiment of the town, and com- panies and troops of horse and foot from the country, lent their pomp to the show; there was a great dinner at the Town House for the better sort; wine was served out in the streets ; and the evening was made noisy with acclamations, till the bell rang at nine o'clock, and families met to thank God at the domestic altar, for causing the great sorrow to pass away, and giving a Protestant King and Queen to England." OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 39 when there Avas a spirited contest, only three hun- dred and eighteen votes were cast. (Sewall, i., 480.) Phips's administration lasted only two years and a half, and is forever darkened hy the shadow of the witchcraft delusion and its judicial murders. Hap- pily for us, none of the sentences were pronounced in Boston; though at the last court held here one Mary Watkins, a servant, despite the ver- dict of the jury, Avas imprisoned by order of the Court, and sold into bondage in Virginia. (Drake, Hist., 503.) Hutchinson (Hist., ii., Gl) relates that Dame Mary Phips, the governor's wife, was ap- plied to in behalf of a woman held for trial for witchcraft. " The good lady, propria virtute, granted and signed a warrant for the woman's discharge, which was obeyed by the keeper, and the woman lives still for aught I know." It is fair to conclude that the document was in the usual form, and was taken from the official pajoei-s in the governor's chamber. We may safely infer that in this building the first female governor exercised her rights, and we may rejoice that the usurpation was for the glorious pre- rogative of pardon. From November, 1G94, to June, 1702, the govern- ment was mainly in the hands of Lieut. Governor Stoughton, though for a year the Earl of Bellomont 40 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DBDICATION. was the nominal governor. Just before the arrival of Bellomont, news was received of the rejection of several of our laws by the home government. Sewall (i., 496) thus describes the scene : " Drum is beat and Allowance and Disallowance of the Acts is published. Lieutenant Governor [Stoughton] and Council standing in the Galler3^ Great many Auditors below." Sewall records (Diary, i., 458), that on September 8, 1697, " the Governour and Council first meet in the Council Chamber, as it is now fitted with ceiling. Glazing, Painting, new Floor that brings it to a Level ; IS'ew Hearth even with it." This meeting was made noteworthy by the announcement by Col. Pierce that limestone had been discovered at IS^ew- bury, — a matter of the highest imjjortance, as, up to that time, the colonists had been obliged to burn oyster-shells for lime. ISTov. 14, 1698, a rate of £60 was ordered for the repairing of the Town House, and no other use. Another day of excitement in the old building must have been that one in July, 1699, when Captain "William Kidd was examined by Lord Bellomont and his Council, charged with many notorious piracies. Research, Avhich destroys so many illusions, shows us that the noted pirate was far from being so wicked or so bloodthirsty as fame reported, and certainly reveals a strong infusion of poltroonery in OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 41 his character. The muse, however, promptly re- corded of him : — " My name was William Kidd, As I sailed, as I sailed, And most wickedly I did. As I sailed." As an evidence of the various uses to which the bnihling was put, we find that iu 1701, " because of the Rain and Mist," the election of captain of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company was held in the Town-house, when the choice fell upon Judge Sewall. They call'd down the Coimcil out of the Chamber and set their chairs beloAv: Col. Pynchon gave the Staves and Ensign Drew out before Mr. Usher's, gave three volleys ; drew into the Town House again." Then Rev. Mr. Pem- berton prayed, and the company escorted their commander safely home. So again in 1702, " rainy day, we exercise on the Town House in the Morn." On May 28, 1702, news arrived at Boston of the death of King William. " And at last the Gazette containing the Proclaim- ing of the Queen came to hand. Then we resolved to proclaim her Majesty here. Regiment drawn up, and Life-Guard of Horse; Council, Representatives, Ministers, Justices, Gentlemen, taken within the Guard. Mr.* Secretary, on foot, read the order of the Council, the Proclamation and Queen's Procla- 42 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. matioii for continuing Commissions. Mr. Sheriff Gookin gave it to the people. Yolleys. Guns. Went into chamber to drink." (Sewall, ii., 5(j.) June 1, 1703. " Town-meeting is held in the old Meeting-house because of the General Assembly; 2 p.m. Voters two hundred and six." This entry of Sewall confirms our suspicion that the Legislature had the first claim to occupy the building. In March, 1706-7, the records show that the town meeting was held in the old meeting-house. In 1704 Captain John Quelch and five other pirates were tried here, and sentenced to be hung. The sentence was executed June 30. Sewall gives us at this time the following picture: "As the Governor [Dudley] sat at the Council-Table 'tAvas told him Madam Paige [liis niece] was dead. He clap'd his hands, and quickly went out, and return'd not to the Chamber again; biit ordered Mr. Secretary to prorogue the Court till the 16th of August, which Mr. Secretary did by going into the House of Deputies." (Sewall, ii., 109.) Sewall records on February 6, 1707-8: "Queen's Birthday. I could not find it in my heart to go to the Town House, because hardly anything is pro- fessedly there done but drinking Healths." 1708-9, January 6. " Presently after Lecture, the Act of Parliament regulating Coin is "jjublished by Beat of Drvmi and Sound of Trmnpet." (Sewall, ii., OLD STATE HOUSE KE-DEDICATION. 43 248.) Undoubtedly from the balcony of the Council Chamber. March 13, 1709-10. " General Town Meeting. Mr. Cotton Mather went to Prayer; I stood in the Lobby, then went into the Council Chamber. Constable came to me and surprised me with telling me that I was Chosen Moderator. I went in, and they would have me sit on the Seat, which I did." (Sewall ii., 275.) From this entry it seems that the town-meetings were held in the Representatives' Hall, which could well hold the citizens, as the votei'S only num])ered about two hundred. Other entries make it probable that the Supreme Court also used that room, the Council Chamber serving as a consultation room for the judges. In 1711 the town was much agitated by the arrival of some fifteen men-of-war and seven- thou- sand troops destined for an attack on Quebec. There were abundant festivities and solemn ex- change of courtesies between the English and om* local authorities. The ignominious failure of the ex- pedition was a sad blow to Massachusetts, although the loss of life was confined mainly to the ships of the British portion of the fleet. To add to the general depression, a great fire in Boston occurred " about 7 or 8 o'clock of the night between the 2d and 3d of October." " It broke out 44 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. in an old Tenement within a back Yard in Coi-nhill (i.e., onr Washington street) , near the First Meeting- house, occasioned by the carelessness of a poor Scottish "Woman (one Mary Morse), by using Fire near a parcel of Ocum, Chips, and other combustible Rubbish." This spot was in or near Williams' Court. "All the houses on both sides of Cornhill [Washington street] from School street to what is called the stone-shop in Dock-square, all the upper part of King street [State street] on the south and north side, together with the Town House, and what was called the Old Meeting-House above it, were consumed to ashes." (Hutchinson, ii., 200. ) Thus ended, after half a century's use, the first Town-house which has stood on this spot. Of course it was necessary to replace it at once; and on the 17th of October the Selectmen of Boston ad- dressed the Legislature, asking its "Advice and Direction for the Restoring and Rebuilding of the House for those Publick Uses, and about the place where to set the same."^ A joint committee of four councillors and seven deputies, with Elisha Hutchinson, chairman, was at once appointed, who recommend that a ncAV house be built " in or near where the Old Town House stood," the " breadth not to exceed thirty-six feet, the ' See Appendix B for copies of the acts, and other votes. OLD STATE HOUSE RE-BEDICATION. 45 length so as to be convenient." " The charge to be borne the one half by the Province, the other half by the Town of Boston and County of Sufiblk in equal Proportion." Accordingly, a ncAV committee was appointed, viz. : Elisha Hutchinson and Penn Townsend, comicillors, Addington Davenport, Samuel Thaxter and Capt. Phipps, deputies, to attend to the affair, with two persons to be added by the town of Boston. The town assented, and joined Thomas Brattle and William Payne. March 12, 1711-12, the Legislature voted, as instructions to the committee, that the building be not more than one hundred and twelve feet nor less than one hundred and ten feet in length. JN^ovembei- 17, 1712, they voted, as instructions to the committee, " that they fit the East Chamber for the Use of His Excellency the Governor and the Honorable the Council, the Middle Chamber for the House, the West Chamber for the Superior and Inferior Courts." And " that there be but two Officers below Stairs in the Province and Court House now Building in Boston, one for the Secretary, the other for the Reg- ister of Deeds in the County of Suffolk." ' Although we do not know Avho designed the brick building which speedily arose on the site, we can to-day inspect its sturdy walls and recognize the influence of the Queen Anne period. It is beyond 46 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. controversy that the fire of 1747 and the various changes which have been made in the buiUling, in no way affected the exterior walls. We are to-day assembled in a building which dates back to A.D. 1713, and we can form a correct idea of its original and ever continuing appearance. In 1720 Daniel I^eal printed his " Present State of ^ew England," and thus describes the building in its earliest days : — " From the Head of the Peer you go up the chief Street of the Town, at the upper Eud of which is the Town House or Exchauge ; a fine Piece of Building, containing besides the Wallc for the Merchants, the Council Chanibor, the House of Commons, and another spacious Room for the Sessions of the Courts of Justice, the Exchange is surrounded with Booksellers Shops, which have a good Trade." (Neal, p. 587.) In 1708 it was computed that Boston had twelve or thirteen thousand inhabitants ; in 1720, eighteen or twenty thousand. (Neal, 601.) The council con- sisted of twenty-eight members, the House of one hundred and three. (IS'eal, 605.) During the eighteen months which were needed for rebuilding the Town House, the town meetings were held as follows: Nov. 16, 1711, in Rev. Mr. Colman's meeting-house in Brattle street; March, 1712, in the same; March, 1712-13, at the south meeting-house, and May 13, 1713, in the new Town House. Sewall records (ii., 387), May 28, 1713, — OLD STATE HOUSE RE-UEblCATION. 47 "All the Counoillors are sworn except Major Brown, who was not in Town. In the afternoon I declar'd to the Council that Prayer had been too much neglected formerly; we were now" in a INTew House, Ave ought to Reform; without it, I would not be there. Mr. Secretary assented, and I was desired to see it effected. May 29th. Dr. Increase Mather prays Excellently in the Council." For some years at least this custom of beginning a session of the council with prayer was con- tinued. It seems from Sewall's notes that there was a large table in the council-chamber, at which the members sat, and that the Governor occupied the head of it.* 'Oct. 15, 1713, Sewall records (ii.,402) : " I observ'd Two Leather Chairs were set at the end of the Council Table and the Elbow Cliair set aside. But when Gen'. Nicholson staid not to sit down, they were remov'd, and the Governor's Arra'd Chair took place again." Feb. 6, 1713-14. " I went to the Town House on the occasion of the Queen's Birthday. Mr. Bromfiold and I sat awhile in one of the windows, Table heing full ; afterward sat in." Later on that evening, one Mr. Net- maker, secretary to Gen. Nicholson was drunk and disorderly in a tavern and Sewall ordered his arrest. On March 9th Sewall was at a meeting of the Council. " Sat round a little Fire. I happen'd to sit next Gen^. Nich- olson. . . . Then with a Roaring Noise the General said, 'I demand Justice against Mr. Sewall and Pemberton for sending my Secretary to prison without acquainting me with it ! ' And hastily rose up, and went down arid walk'd the E.xchange, where he was so furiously Loud, that the Noise was plainly heard in the Council-Chamber, the door being shut." Sept. 24th, 1715. The Governor comes to Town. Elagg [the messenger] warns [the Council to meet]. Governor sits hy the side of the Table facing to the South ; Lt. Governor [Tailer] in one of the South windows. The 48 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. It is a fair inference that this table reached from the east window towards the door, and if so it was in conformity to our x^Tew England custom by which the minister or other presiding officer is so invariably placed in front of a window. To this council-chamber the deputies were sum- moned, and committees of that body were here re- ceived. At such conferences the Governor was not allowed to take part, though on one occasion at least he remained in the room. There was a "closet," probably one of the anterooms opening from the chamber, to which the Governor could withdraw for private consultation;'' and perhaps the other ante- room was needed for the accommodations of the twenty-eight councillors. It seems that in this chamber the Overseers of Har- Comraissions were produced and Read, Oaths given. ... At length the Governor dictated to the Clerk to this purpose. Whether the Government was devolved on the Lieutenant Governor, the Commission of Gov. Bur- gess nor any copy of it, not being arrived. It was, nemine cont radicente , carried in the Negative." (Sewall, iii., 59.) '"Feb. 12, 1717-18. I salute Cousin Quincy in Council. . . . The Governour calls me into the Closet and tells me he would make me Chief Judge." (Sewall, iii., 168.) "Feb. 25,1718-19. The judges meet p.m. in the Council Cliamber, before the Meeting of the Council. . . . Then, in the Closet, voted it con- venient to have two Clerks." (Sewall, iii., 213.) " Dec. 19, 1723. His Excellency took me aside to the South-East win- dow of the Council Chamber to speak to me. . . . Dec. 21. The Governor took me to the window again looking Eastward, next Mrs. Phillips', and spake to me again." (Sewall, iii., 315.) OLD STATK ITOI'SE KF.-DKDICATION. 49 vard College met at times, as did the Commissioners of the Society for Propagating the Gospel among the Indians, March 27, 1729 (Sewall, iii., 395). Once, March 29, 1720 (Sewall iii., 248), the "Inspectors of the Grammar Schools " of Boston met there. The chamher Avas also used as a consultation room for the judges.^" ^Notwithstanding the order to construct a west room for the courts, it is very douhtful if this were really done. In 1717, Sewall speaks of a trial held in the old meeting-house opposite, Avhile sentence was pronounced in the court chamber." Was not this the chamber of the Great and General Court, that is, our House of Representatives? When the fire of 1747 took place, mention is made of the " Council Cham- ber, the Chamber of the House of Representatives and the Apartments thereof, in that Story." Another account speaks of "the Council Chamber" and "both the Lobbies," and also the "Offices kept in the Upper Story ; " but it says " the County Records and Papers belonging to the Inferior Court, being deposited in an '""Feb. 13, 1718-19. All the Judges desired to be at the Governor's house at 5 p. m. Met accordingly. . . . The Judges went to the Council Chamber, &c., &c." " " May 9, 1717. Jeremy Phenix arraigned in the Court Chamber. 10. Try'd in the old Meetinghouse. Mr. Auckraooty was Counsel for the Prisoner and had family with him in the Fore-seat of the Women, though he be bound over for notorious words .against the Government." " May 11th. I pass'd Sentence upon Pheni.x, the Chief Justice being absent. This was done in the Court Chamber." (Sewall, iii., 130.) 50 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. OlKce upon the lower Floor, a\ ere most of them pre- sei'ved." There is proof that the Council Chamber Avas the scene of festivities on state occasions, such as the birthday of the sovereign or his accession, the arrival of a new governor, etc.^^ Here also were held pub- lic funerals, as in the case of Fitz-John Winthrop." From the balcony, at the east end, it was customary to proclaim the laws, with sound of trmnpets and "^ October 5, 1716, Gov. Shute arrived in Boston. "Ministers met the Governor a little before lie got to the Town-house. Col. Joseph Dudley nearer, and went up and sat with tlie Council. Col. Tailer met the Governor at the Stairs, and took place of Lt.-Gov. Dummer : and when Duramer was sworn, gave him the place. Gov. [Shute], Lt. Gov. [Dummer] laid their hands on the Bible, and Kissed it very industriously." (Sewall, iii., 105.) The return of Gov. Sliirley, Nov. 7, 1745, after the surrender of Louis- burg was here celebrated (S. G. Drake, Hist., p. C21), and so, also, on June 24, 174(i, was the arrival of Gen. PejipercU and Admiral Warren. On the 18th Sept., 1749, the indemnity voted by Parliament arrived, amounting to £183,649. At that time a pound sterling equalled eleven pounds old tenor, or thirty shillings new tenor, so great had been the depreciation of paper money. " " March 23, 1714-15. Mr. Adtlington [the late Secretary] buried from tlie Council Chamber; 'twas a sad spectacle." (Sewall, iii., 41.) " Nov. 14th, 1717. Attended the Funeral of Major-General Winthrop. The Corpse was carried to the Town House the niglit before : now buried from the Council Chamber. Bearers, his Excellency the Governor [Shute], Gov. Dudley: Lt.-Gov. Dummer, Col. Taylor: Col. Elisha Sewall, Samuel Sewall. Scarfs and Rings. TI>e Regiment attended in Arms. Mr. Jolin Wintlirop led the Widow. 'Twas past five before we went. The Streets were crowded with people: was laid in Gov. Winthrop's Tomb in Old Burial Place." (Sewall, iii.. 147.) OLD STATE IIC)T'SK I!E~DEDirATION. ;")1 beat of drums ;'^ and doubtless from so convenient an elevation, loyal addresses were delivei'ed to the assembled townsmen on occasion. As it happens, we know much less of the arranj^-e- ment of the Representatives' Hall at this period, as oui' eliief authority, Sewall, was a councillor and judge. AVe know that the number of deputies was one hundred and three in 1720; and as new towns were corporated, the numljer rose to aliout one hundred and twenty-five. The speaker was annually chosen, and the choice submitted to the governor, who rarely negatived. In 1705, Thomas Oakes; in 1720, Elisha Cook; in 1739, Paul Dudley; in 1741, Samuel "Watts; in 1766, James Otis, were respectively chosen and set aside. The House also elected a clerk, but the office was generally continued from year to year. The forms of the House were probably copied from those of Parliament, the council figuring as our House of Lords. The will of the Governor was signified by messages or speeches; the wishes of the deputies by committees and by messages. Hutchinson says (ii., 259), apiopos of a quarrel be- tween Governor Dudley and the House about the " "Feb. 4th, 1714-15. Drew up a Proclamation. . . . riiblisIiM it by Beat of Drum. Paper was sullied with the llain. Mr. Hiller read it out of the Council-Chamber Gallery. Col. Cheekley, Major Eiteh, Capt. Abijah Savage, etc., present." (Sewall, iii., 38.) 52 OLD STATE HOISE HE-DEDICATION. power of adjournment, " It has always been the prac- tice of the house, befoi'e and since, upon a message from the governor, to stop all business and go up without delay." It seems also that divisions of the House were made by going to the north and sf)uth sides.^^ "We infer from this that the speaker sat at the west end, facing the main doors, and that the deputies Avere marshalled by him on either hand. The town records contain but very little informa- tion in regard to the Town House from 1711 to 1747. The following items are all that have been gleaned by an examination of the indices to the volumes. Sept. 25, 1716, the selectmen, learning that a sale of a ship had been appointed by the Court of Admiralty " at the place where the Court is held," voted that " the management of a Publick sale in the Town House is forreign from the declared Intentions in Erecting thereof, and that such a President may be of 111 Tendency." April 27, 1719, "Mr. John Flagg is directed to cleanse the Windows of the Town House. " '° "June 13th, 1717. Council declared that Cambridge is the Shire-Town for Middlesex." "14. The Deputies Concur. Could not tell by lifting up the Hands, were fain to divide the House. They for Cambridge went to the Korth side, they for Charlestown to the South. Cambridge had -16, Charles- town 41, as Brother Northend, one of the Monitors, informed me." (Sewall, iii., 132.) OLD STATE HOITSE KE-DEDICATKJN. 53 1717-1718, Benjamin Bagnald agrees to make a Town Clock " and if desired lie will make the same to go as an eight day Clock in the place wdiere it now stands." April 25, 1735. Bagnald is to take care of the Town clock at the Old Meeting House, for one year, for £10. Feb. 13,1733-4. The selectmen voted '^ that to- morrow at three of the clock the select men meet at the Town House to view the small arms lodged in the Town's Armour}^, and that Mr. Treat, gunsmith, be ordered to attend and assist at the view." Ac- cordingly, Messrs. Treat and ]Miller, gunsmiths, " were directed to proceed with all the ex])edition possible to the cleanmg the ai-ms, and putting them in order for us, when occasion shall rerpiire." Feb. 25, 1733-4. " Toted that speedy care be taken to fit up a proper office for the Town Clerk, foi- reposing and securing his books, and that it be in part of the Green Chamber." July 13, 1736, the selectmen voted " to rejiair the balcony at the east end of the Town House, fronting King St." Aug. 27, 1736, voted also " to oi-der the new paint- ing the sun Dials on the Town House, and to clear the gutters and water spouts belonging to it." June 14,1738. They voted "to put a good and substantial post at each corner of the westerly end of the Town House to prevent damage by carts." 54 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATIUN. July 20, 1738, ''to take care that the easterly stairs of the Town House be repaired." Oct. 31, 1739. They leased for one year, for £30, to Joseph Savell, wine cooper, two cellars under the Town House lately occupied by Jonathan "Williams and James Townsend: viz., one at the south-west cor- ner and the other at the noi'th-east corner. In 1741 these were let respective^ to Samuel Wentworth and John Gooch. Dec. 21, 1740, John Buttolph leased a cellar there, formerly occupied by his father, for £22. Aug. 3, 1743, " the east end of the Town House to be put in repairs and other necessary repairs within side." Sept. 5, 1744, " voted to repair the chimneys in the Town House." In this chamber, from 1711 to 1747, presided as Governor, Joseph Dudley, William Tailer^^ Samuel Shute, William Dummer, Jonathan Belcher and William Shirley, all upright and worthy men, but all of them so hampered by resti'ictions from the home government, as to be frequently involved in disjjutes with the rei^resentatives of the people. During this period the popiilation increased steadily from eleven thousand in 1715 to seventeen thousand in 1744, though after the last date it remained stationary or slightly decreased. '" Tailer and Dummer were Lieutenant Governors, acting in the place of the Governors. OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 55 It was in this chamber that there was phinned, in ITiO, the military enterprise wliich was tlie proudest boast of our provincial history. In Janu- ary of that year Gov. Shirley laid before the Legislature, under a pledge of secrecy, his project of capturing Louisbui'g from the French, by means of provincial troops only. On January 25, the consent of the House was carried by a single vote. William Peppercll, a member of the Council, was given command, and by Ajiril 1, our troops had arrived at Canso. The fortunate arrival of Admiral "VVarren, with a considerable fleet, was one of the many lucky accidents which turned this quixotic scheme into a glorious success. On June 17 the fortress surrendered, and the " Gib- i-altar of America " became our prize. It was a splendid victory, for it gave assurance to England that a new military power had arisen in her colonies, and one thus far entirety loyal to the crown. As Palfrey says, "As things turned out, it is not too much to say that the capture of Louisburg gave peace to Europe." It was not until the following year that Pep- perrell was able to receive the deserved honoi's which his countrymen were ready to shower upon him. The Boston Evening Post, for Monday, June 30, 174:6, describes the arrival, on the preceding 56 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. Tuesday, of his Majesty's Ship "Chester," of 50 guns, bnnging Admiral Peter Warren and Sir AViniam Pepperell. The Governor met them at Castle William, and landing at Long wharf about five o'clock, "they were received and congratulated hj the Honourable Gentlemen of his Majesty's Council and House of Kepresentatives, and being attended by his Excellency's Comjiany of Cadets imder arms, made a handsome procession to the Council Chamber." Then the Sj^eaker and the House pi'oceeded to the Council Chamber, where a brief address Avas made to Warren and Pepjjerell, who as briefly replied. Later a committee of the House was appointed to congratulate Brigadier General Samuel Waldo, "on his safe return to his native country." It was from the veterans of the French wars of this period that the heroes of the war of In- dependence were drawn. But for the martial spirit aroused by these campaigns, and the lessons of military science therein taught, our forefathers would have been but an undisciplined mob in 1775. To give one example: Col. Richard Grid- ley, Avho commanded the ai-tillery at Louisburg, thirty years later, traced and constructed the battery on Bunker's Hill. In l!fovember, 1747, the Town House was the centre of another uprising. Commodore Knowles OLD STATE IIOUSK KE-DEDICATION. 57 was ill command of a fleet lying off the harl^or. Having lost some deserters, he sent a press-gang into the harbor, seizing sailors from tlie ships, and even landsmen from the wharves. There was at onee an ontbnrst of popular indignation, in which all ranks joined. "As soon as it Avas dusk, several thousand people assembled in King street, below the Town House, Avhere the General Court was sitting. Stones and brick batts were thrown through the glass into the Council Chambei'. The Governor [Shirley], however, with several gentlemen of the Council and House, ventured into the balcony " (Hutchinson, ii., 432), and after silence was obtained addressed the assemblage. He promised to try to obtain the release of tlie townsmen; but the crowd was not to be thus pacified. For three days the contest con- tinued, the people having seized some of the officers from the fleet as hostages, and the commodore threatening to bombard the town by Ava}^ of reprisal. Finally the Legislature interjjosed with promises to both sides; the impressed men were liberated, and the squadron sailed, to the great relief of all in authority. On Wednesday, December 9, 1747, the Town- house was greatly injured by a fire. The folloAving extract from the newspapers will explain the extent of the loss : — " Yesterday morning between C & 7 o'clock we were exceedingly surprised by a most terrible Fire, which broke out at the Court 58 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. House in this Towu, whereby that spacious and beautiful Building except the bare outward Walls, was entirely destroyed. As the Fire began in the middle or second Story, the Records. Books, Papers, Furniture, Pictures of the Kings and Queens, &c., which were in the Council Chamber, the Chamber of the House of Repre- sentatives, and the Apartments thereof, iu that Story, were con- sumed ; as were also the Books and Papers iu the Offices of the upper Story : Those in the Offices below were mostly saved. In the Cellars which were hired by several Persons, a great quantity of Wines and other Liquors were lost. The publick Damage sustaiu'd l)y this sad Disaster is inexpressibly great and the Loss to some particular Persons, 't is said will amount to several Thou- sand Pounds. The Vehemence of the Flames occasion'd such a great Heat as to set the Roofs of some of the opposite Houses on Fu-e notwithstanding they had been covered with Snow, and it was extinguished with much Difficulty. How the Fire was occasion'd, whether by Defects in the Chimney or Hearth as some think, is uncertain." — Boston Weekly News Letter, TJiursday, December 10, 1747. The account in the Boston Evening Post, for the fourteenth of December, adds : — ' ' The fine Pictures and other Furniture in the Council Chamber were destroyed as were also the Books, Papers and Records in both the Lobbies, and those in the Offices kept in the upper Story ; but the County Records and Papers belonging to the Inferiour Court being deposited in an Office upon the lower Floor, were most of them preserved." The same paper prints the following extracts from the Journal of the House of Representatives : — OLD STATE HOUSE KE-DEUIC.VTIUX. 51) " 12 December A. D. 1717. " Upon a motion made and sooonded, ^^ Resolved, that the House now make particular Enquiry how the late Fire in the Court House was first discovered, and by what Means it was occasioned. After cxaniinini;; tlic Diior-ivccpcr and receiving a particular account of the Time and Circumstances of his leaving the House the Evening before, and enquiring of those Gentlemen who early discovered the Fire. " Sesolved. That it appearsto the Satisfaction of this House, that tiie late Fire wliich consumed the Court House, proceeded from the AVood-woriv under the Hearth taking Fire, aud that the Fire first broke out in the Entry-way between the Council Chamber aud the Representatives' Koom, and from thence went up the Stair Case, and through the Roof, aud continued until the House was con- sumed." The following letter of Secretary Willard to Christopher Kilby and William BoUan, agents of the province in London, is copied from vol. 1 of the ' Records of Plymouth Coimty," giving the " Acts of Commissioners of the United Colonies of Xew Eng- land," edited by David Pulsifer. "Boston, Dec'r21, 1747. " Gentlemen I am now to give you the sorrowful News of the grievous & surprizing Rebuke of Divine Provideuce on the Gov- ernm't of this Province in the Destruction of the Court House by Fire which happened in the Morning of the nintli Instant. It was geueralh' concluded to have begun in the Floor under the chimneys of the Council Chamber & House of Reprcsent'ves & was not discover'd till it was greatly increased ; All the Books of the Gen- eral Court, Govern'r & Council & House of Reprent'ves there iu GO OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. . the House were wholly lost without saving one & all the Books of Conimiss'us and other lustnim'ts as well from the Crown as the Goverum't of the Province with most of ye original Papers arc likewise consumed." The General Court was offered the use of Faneixil Hall, but was accommodated for the few days remaining- in the session at the Royal Exchange tavern kept by Luke Yardy, on tlie west corner of Exchange and State streets.'' It seems that, as in 1711, the expense of the repaii-s was paid, one-half by the Province, one-quarter each by the town of Boston, and the county of Sufiblk. The expense was £'3,705 lis. 4:d. lawful money. Whatever plans were made for this restoration, it Avould seem that the exterior walls at least were not touched. (See Appendix C.) Fortunately, as in deal's case, in 1720, we have a description of the new building from one who saw it in its freshness. Capt. Francis Goelet (whose " The rather churlish vote of the Selectmen, as given below, may explain the disinclination of the Governor to accept the offer : — Dec. IG, 17+7. Voted "that liberty be and hereby is granted to his Excellency the Governour and the Honorable his Majesty's Council to improve the Chamber in Faneuil Hall, the Selectmen usually set in to do Business, when they shall have occasion therefor until they can be better Ijrovided : and that the Honorable Josiah Willard, Esq". Secretary be allowed to make use of the Office under the stairs in Faneuil Hall which hath been improved for the Naval Officer, until better provided, he paying the same rent Mr. Overing agreed for, to commence the 12"\ instant." UM) STATE lIUl SE KE-1)EI)R'.VTU»N. 01 journal is pi'inted in the 'N.'E. Historical and Genea- logical Register for 1870, p. 72) thus descrihcs it in the autumn of 1750: — '•Tliov have :ilso a Town House, Imilt of ]?iick, situated in King's street. It's a very Grand Brick Building, Arch'd all Round, and Two Storie Heigh, Sash'd above; its Lower Part is always Open, design'd as a Change, tho' tlie Merchants in Fair AYeather make their Change iu tiic open Street at the Eastermost End. In the upper Story are the Council and Assembly Cham- bers &c. It has a neat Capnlo, sash'd all round, and which on rejoycing days is Elluuiiuated.""' Capt. Goelet mentions that on October 30th, His Majesty's Birth-da^-, he " Avent at noon with Capt. "Wendell to the Comicill Chamber in the Towne House, -where [he] drank the Loyall Toasts with the Lieutenant Governor, Councill," etc. B}' the records of the House it appears that Dec. 12, 1752, there was paid £6 13s. Id. to Moses Deshon " for the arms of the Colony which he has carved, and put up iu the Hoitse of Representatives." By the l)ill of tlie painter iu 1773, it seems that the Colony arms still remained, wdiile the King's arms, also then paid for, w^ere prolialih' in the Council Chamber. The historic Codfisli was also " Jany 17, 1740-50 " voted that tlie Engine under the care of Mr Thomas Rood 1)0 roinovcd to tlio colUir uiulor tho Town House as soon as may be, and that Mr Cooke be dosirod to got a Platform laid, and what else may be necessary to be done for the same." — Selectmen's Records. G'2 OLD STATE HOUSE UE-DEDICATION. mentioned, and various pictm-es, of whicli tlie only one named is that of Gov. Burnet. Very strangely, it appears by the "Boston Post Boy " of June 16th, 1766, that a gallery was put in the Representatives' Hall, though it is hard to imagine where space was found for it. Chandeliers, of course, hung in each hall, and the desk of the Clerk or Speaker of the House is still preserved by the Massachusetts Historical Society." When the work of the restoration Avas commenced last year, it was found that the framing of the timbers was such that thei-e must have been a circular stairway in the place now occupied by it, from the first floor to the halls, and that the landings must have presented their present form.^" The same investigation showed that the Repre- sentatives' Hall had its easterly end curved, while the Council Chamber was square. These indications coincide with a description published in 1791, when the halls were occupied by the Legislature of the 13 Althougli described as the Speaker's desk, it seems almost impossible that it could have been so used. It may have been the clerk's desk, but the presiding officer would a]i])arently require a more prominent place. '" The balusters in the new stairway are copied from those in Gov. Shirley's house, still standing in Roxbury. As he was the governor at the date of the rebuilding, in 1747, no better exemplars could be desired. Similar balusters are in tlie home of the Quincys. The plans made by Isaiah Rogers in 1830 show the same stairway, out of centre, and the floor-beams explain the cause of this eccentricity. Old State House in 1791. (From the Massachusotts Jlagazine.) OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 03 State, and when, apparent!}', no clianges had been made. The 3fassachi(setf.s Magazine for Augnst, 1791, gives a sonth-west view of Ww bnilding, i.e., one taken from the Washington-street end, and the folloAving' description is added:- — ■ " The State House is an elegant brick building, standing at tlie head of State Street, one mile and 297 yards from the fortifieution. It is 110 feet in length and thirty-eight in breadth. The founda- tions of the present walls were laid A.D. 1712, the former State House having been reduced to ashes in the great fire of the pre- ceding year. The internal i)art of this building agani expcriinccd the desolating flame in 1747, when a vast number of ancient books and early records, together with a collection of valuable papers, were destroyed, and to the ravages of this calamity we may attrib- ute the imperfect accounts that are to be obtained of the first and second building. The ascent to tiie lower floor, as fronting the Long wharf, is by an elevated flight of large stone steps, railed round with neat iron balustrades. There are three other entrances : one at the opposite end, facing to Cornhill, and the other two in the opposite centres of the length. The Clerks of the Supreme Judicial Court and Court of Common Pleas hold their offices upon the first ^oor, which also serves in bad weather as an exchange for the mercantile part of the community. A range of Doric i^illars support the floors of the second story, which is destined for the accommodation of tiie GJeneral Legislature. The Senate ChaniTier is thirty-two feet square and lifteeu I'l'et in height, furnished with a convenient lobby for committees- to transact business in. The Representatives' Chamber is fifty-seven and a half feet in length,"' thirty-two in breadth, and the same " This figure, fifty-seven and one half feet, is an impossibility, being more than one-half the length of the building. But thirty-seven and one-half G4 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. height as the former, with a well-constructed lobby- The third or upper storj' is improved by different comniittees duriug the session, and has an East, West and South lobby ; beside several apartments for pulilick papers and records. On the centre of the roof is a tower, consisting of three stories, finished according to the Tuscan, Dorick and lonick orders complete, and from thence is a fine prospect of the Harbor and adjacent Country." The painter's bill" of 1773 also mentions the Lion and the Unicorn which crowned the east end of the exterior, the carved corner-pieces on the west front, the balcony and pediment in front at the main window of the Council Chambei", and the steps, feet would reach exactly to the line of the curved end of the hall as shown on Rogers' plans and now reconstructed. Evidently the writer put his notes of the measurements in tigures, and citlier he or his printer mistook thirty- seven and one-half for fifty-seven and one-half. The error really confirms the exactness of the record. -' The following interesting document is printed from the original in the collection of Mellen Chamberlain. Esq.. of the Boston Public Library: — 1773. Province Massachusetts Bay to Tho\ Crafts, Jun. Dr. To painting State House, Viz. To paints Council Chamber Loby, &e., 402 yards @ 9''., 15 .. 1 .. G To Ditto Representatives Ditto, 426 yards @ O""., 15 .. 19 .. G To my self & 2 hands, 2 Days and half, taking down & '\ putting up Picturs in Council & Representatives > 1 .. 17 .. 6 Chambers @ 5/, J To p.ainting & Gilding Kings Arms, To Ditto Ditto Colonies D°, To Ditto Codfish, To Ditto & Gilding Dial, East End, To Ditto Bricks as p'' .\greement, To Ditto Lower tioor, p' Ditto, To Ditto Stair Cases, 208 yards @ O"., 10 . . .. 4 . . .. . . 15 .. 3. . 10 .. 47. . .. 14 . . 7 .. 4 7 . . IG .. OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 65 which, for a time, reached from the first flooi- down State street.-' These features have all been reproduced in the restored building. It was, indeed, a question whether or not to restore the royal arms upon the east end, but a feature so distinctive, architecturally, could not be well omitted. Happily, no one will to-day misun- derstand the feeling with which we replace this me- May To 4 Hands, Clcaninj^ & scraping D°., 1 day @ 5/, 25"' To painting Belcony & Pedemlnt over it, 80 yards @ 10''., To Ditto 10 Lutherin Windows @ /8, To Ditto 8 Cants, 30 yards @ 10''., To Ditto 2 Carved Corner Pieces, To Ditto Lyon & Unicorn, To Ditto 3 Pediments over Doors, 30 yards @ W., To Ditto ,5i Window frames, very Dry, @ 4/, To Ditto 1442 squares sash @ 12'1., To Ditto 4 Ox Eye Window frames @ 1/, To Ditto Mondilion Cornish outside, IfiO yards @ 10'' To Ditto Trunks, 50 Yards @ W., To writing Gold Letters over Doors, To 2 Hands half day, bringing Picturs from Gov'" & punS up. To paints 2 Doz Draws, To Ditto Rails down front Steps, 4 hands 2 days. To cleaning GoV Burnets Picture & Gilds frame. . . 3 . . G . 8 . . . 5 . . . . 8 . . 5 . 10 . . IG . 12 . . . 4 0. . 4 . 6 . . 13 . 4 2 . . 1 . 8 12 . & 5 . 4 . 3 . . . 1 . IC . £171 . . 3. 10 2 . 5. £173 . . 8 . 10 60 j'ards painting short charg* @ 9'*., ^ These steps are in the picture painted in 1801, owned by the Historical Society, but were removed before the view in 1821 was taken. They are in the view of 1785 also, and are mentioned in 1701. 66 OLD STATE HOUSE KK-DEDICATION. mento of our colonial days, — a recognition merely of the facts of history, neither forgetful of the protec- tion which the mother country once extended, nor hoastful of the change which has given us a national coat-of-arms, a national flag, and a supreme govern- ment, at least equal to those which we renounced a century ago.'^* It is certain that prior to the fire in 1747, the town had ceased to regard the Town House as its partic- ular jDride. In 1740 Peter Faneuil had otfered to the town a building for a market and a Town Hall, and though it was accepted only hy a vote of 367 against '360, the work was accomplished. On the 13th September, 1742, the first town-meeting was held there, and Faneuil Hall was solemnly so entitled. (S. G. Drake, Hist. Boston, p. 611.) On October 6, 1742, " in conformity with a vote of the Town for removing the Town's Books and papers to Faneuil Hall, voted that the Town Clerk move said Books and papers belonging to the Town, forthwith, and that Mr. Savell provide Coal for the selectmen at their meeting there on Wednesday next." The first meeting of the selectmen there was on October 13, 1742. From this time therefore Faneuil ^^ In delivering this address the words "royal arms " were used, and are therefore retained. Evidence will be found in Appendix D to justify the opinion that the Lion and Unicorn were the supporters to the Province coat-of-arnis, and that they figured here in that capacity. OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 07 Hall became the Town Hall, andllie building on State street became more especially the place for the Legislature and Courts. One other vote of the selectmen at this time mav l)e re2)roduced as showing the dissatisfaction of the town: "May 16, 1744. In consideration of the dilliciilt circumstances of the Province, especially of the Town of Boston, and the little advantage in cleaning the glass at the Town House, voted that that expense and charge be saved for the present year." A brief account of Faneuil Hall and its vicissi- tudes will be found in Appendix E. Having thus considered the history of the walls of this building, let us review the scenes which took place therein. During the administration of Shirley (1741-1757), and of Pownall (1757-1760), the colony was undoubtedly loyal. The great expendi- tures made by England to carrj- out the favorite wish of the colonists, by the overthrow of the French power in America, had not only pleased but enriched the sea-board colonies. Many of our citizens served with credit in the various armies whic-h attacked Canada ; many others had served in the navy or the transport service, and Boston especially had become accustomed to the presence of English troops and 68 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. Crown officials. Shirley had identified himself with the colony, had built a house here and reared a family amid Bostonian surroundings. His ardor in military affairs led him to be less strenuous in smaller civil matters, and he had acquiesced in such encroach- ments by the Legislature as restrained the power of the Crown or the influence of the Grovernor. Pownall's short rule of three years was noteworthy mainly for its military record.''* In August, 1760, Francis Bernard arrived here to succeed Pownall, and, five months later, ncAVS was received of the accession of George III. With the new King and the new Governor begins the closing chapter of our colonial history. This is not the time to attempt to describe the causes which led to the Revolution, except in so far as any important events took place in this building-. Here, under this roof, indeed, were encamped the hostile forces of the civil government. In this room the Royal Governor ''^ John Adams says (Works, x., 241-4), " Pownall was a Whig, a friend of liberty, a lover of his country, and he considered North America a part of his country as much as England, Scotland, or Ireland." — "Pownall, when he came into administration, thought there ought to be a good understanding between the capital and country, and a harmony between both and the government. This conciliatory and comprehensive system was too refined and too sublime for human nature in this contentious, warring world." — "Pownall was the most constitution.il and national Governor, in my opinion, who ever represented the crown in this province. He engaged in no intrigues, he favored no conspiracies against the liber- ties of America." OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 69 and his generally subservient Council could listen to the apjilause which greeted the impassioned elo- quence of the popular leaders of the Representatives in the adjoining hall, as they gradually developed the ideas of "No representation, no taxation," and "IS^o representation, no legislation," as Hutchinson scorn- fully termed them. (Hist., iii., 104.) Plow often must these lobbies and entries have been thronged by the citizens of Boston, anxious to catch the latest in- telligence of royal obstinacy or of popular indigna- tion! In those days the press was so circumscribed in its province, that the ncAvs was only to be ob- tained by contact with the actors ; and here was the centre of all that absorbed the attention of the com- munity. The town-meetings were held at Faneuil Hall,^' and when more room was needed, they ad- journed to the Old South Church. Yet, powerful as was the intluence of Boston, the citizens could only issue instructions to their representatives in the august body, which, in these halls, spoke in the name of the entire colony. It will be necessary to give a few instances of the occurrences in these apartments, from the evidence of the actors therein. ^^ It is often forgotten that Faneuil Hall prior to A.D. 1808 was much smaller than it now is. The addition of another story and an extension on the south side added greatly to the space. Of course these changes have not destroyed the identity of the building, but they are much greater than those made in these Memorial Halls, where only one wall has been replaced in each room. (Consult, on this point, Appendix E. ) 70 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. In 1761, soon after Bernard's arrival, James Otis, Jr., aronsecl the public by his famous plea against the Writs of Assistance. John Adams has ad- mirably described the scene in this hall, in a letter written to a friend in 1817. (Life and Works, Yol. X., pp. 245-248.) "The scene is the Council chamber in the old Town House in Boston. The date is in the month of Februniy, 1701, nine years before you entered my office in Cole lane. As this was five years before j-ou entered college, you must have been in the second form of Master Lovell's school. " That Council chamber was as respectable an apartment as the House of Commons or the House of Lords in Great Britain, in proportion, or that in the State House in Philadelphia, in which the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776. In this chamber, round a great fire, were seated five judges, with Lieu- tenant-Governor Hutchinson at their head as Chief Justice, all arrayed in their new. fresh, rich robes of scarlet English broad- cloth ; in their large cambric bands and immense judicial wigs. '• In this chamber were seated at a long taljle all the barristers- at-law of Boston and of the neighboring county of Middlesex, in gowns, bands, and" tie wigs. They were not seated on ivory chairs, but their dress was more solemn and more pompous than that of the Roman Senate, when the Gauls broke in upon them. •' In the corner of the room must be placed as a spectator and an auditor, wit, sense, imagination, genius, pathos, reason, prudence, eloquence, learning and immense reading, hanging by the shoulders on two crutches, covered with a great cloth coat, in the person of Mr. Pratt, who had been solicited on both sides, but would engage on neither, being, as Chief Justice of New York, about to leave Boston forever. Two portraits, OLD STATE HOUSE KE-DEDICATION. 71 at more thau full length, of King Charles the Second and of King- James the Second, in uplondid golden frames, weiu hung up on the most conspicuous sides of the apartment. If my young eyes or old nieniory liave not deceived mo, these were as fine pict- ures as I ever saw ; tlie colors of the royal ermines and long, flowing robes were the most glowing, the figures the most noble and graceful, the features the most distinct and characteristic, far superior to those of the king and queen of France in the Senate chamber of Congress — these were worthy of the pencils of Rubens and Vandyke. There was no painter in P>ngland capable of them at that time. They had been sent over without frames in Governor Pownall's time, but he was no admirer of Charles or James. The pictures were stowed away in a garret, among rubbish, nutil Governor Bernard came, who had them cleaned, superbly framed, and jjlaced in council for the admiration and imitation of all men — no doubt with the advice and concurrence of Hutchinson and all his nebula of stars and satellites. '■ One circumstance more. Samuel Quincy and John Adams had been admitted barristers at that term. John was the j-ouugest ; he should be painted looking like a short, thick archbishop of Canterbury, seated at the table with a pen in his hand, lost in admiration, now and then minuting those poor notes which your pupil. Judge Minot, has printed in his history, with some interpo- lations." He then proceeds to describe the characters in the drama, and thits depicts the chief : — " But Otis was a flame of lire, ^^'itll a promptitude of classical allusions, a depth of research, a rapid summary of historical events and dates, a profusion of legal authorities, a prophetic glance of his eye into futurity, and a torrent of impetuous eloquence, he hurried away everything before him. American 72 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. independence was then and there born ; the seeds of patriots and heroes were then and there sown, to defend the vigorous youth, the non sine Diis animosus infans. Every man of a crowded audience appeared to me to go away, as I did, ready to take arms against writs of assistance. Then and there was the first scene of the first act of opposition to the arbitrary claims of Great Britain. Then and there the child Independence was born." The immediate result was a modification of the form of the writs; but the greater consequence was tlie prominence of Otis, and the attention called to the oppressive character of the English revenue laws when applied to this country. A lull succeeded in the political atmosphere for the next two years, and the news of the peace with France, received here in May, 1763, was joyfully welcomed. Soon, however, the clouds gathered, indicative of the coming storm. The vast expense of the war rendered new taxes inevitable; unfor- tunately, the consideration of the renewal of a tax which had just expired, — one on the importation of molasses into the colonies, — led the Grenville ministry to determine "to raise by a stamj? duty, or in some other way, a sum from America, sufficient to ease government in part from the future charges which might be necessary there." (Hutchinson, iii., 109.) In April, 1765, news was received of the passage of the act, and popular opposition was at once OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 73 excited. On the birthday of the Prince of Wales, Angnst 12, it was concerted to hang the appointed distributor of stamps in effigy. This was done two days hiter, the miage being suspended from the Liberty Tree, which stood on tlie corner of Essex and Wasliiugton streets. The Council was hastily assembled, but prudently advised that nothing be done, hoping that the matter would end there. "Before night the image was taken down, and carried through the Town House, in the elianiber whereof tlie Governor and Council were sitting. Forty or fifty tradesmen, decentl)' dressed, preceded ; and some thousands of the moli followed down King street to Oliver's dock, near which Mr. Oliver had lately erected a building, which, it was conjectured, he designed for a stamp office. This was laid flat to the ground in a few minutes. From thence the mob proceeded for Fort Hill, but Mr. Oliver's house being in the way, they endeavored to force themselves into it, aud being opposed, broke the windows, beat down the doors, entered, and destroyed part of his furniture, and continued in riot until midnight liefore they separated." (Hutchinson, iii., 121.) On the evening of August 26 a mob collected in King street, " draAvn thei-e by a bonfire, and Avell supplied with strong drink." They plundered the cellai's of the comptroller of customs, and then marched to the house of Thomas Hutchinson, in Gar- den court, near Fleet street, where, all night long, undisturbed by the frightened neighborhood, the work of destruction went on. These inexcusable outras^es were iiromptly disavowed in town-meeting, and most 74 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. probably were the woi"k of those turbulent and law- less men who always appear whenever authority is suspended, to dishonoi- and injure the cause they nominally support. When the Legislature met, on Octoljer 24, 1765, Boston was represented by a new member, — Samuel Adams, — then first the recipient of high office, but already a leader among the advocates of independ- ence. Otis was in Xew York, attending a conven- tion of delegates from the various colonies, which had been convoked by royal authority. The difter- ence in the political views of these leaders was marked, though it did not prevent their unison in many points. Otis believed that Parliament was su- preme, but that the Colonies were entitled to rejire- sentation therein. Adams "professed principles, which he owned without reserve in private discourse, to be independency; and, from time to time, he made advances towards it in publick, as far as would serve the great purpose of attaining to it. To his influence may be attriljuted the great advance made in this session." (Hutchinson, iii., 134.) On the 29th of October, in the adjoining hall, the House passed the famous Resolves, prepared b}^ Samuel Adams, one of which declares, " That all acts made by any power whatever, other than the General Assembly of this Province, imposing taxes on the inhabitants, are infringements of our inherent and unalienable rights OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. Ti) as men and British subjects, and rendei- void the most valuable declarations of our charter." To be sm*e, this was coupled with a declai'ation of loyalty to the Crown and to Pai'liament; but the fii'st resolve contained a political truth, and the last a politic profession. On May 16, 1766, the news of the repeal of the Stamp Act was received here, and caused universal rejoicing. In September the Eockingham-Shelburne ministry came into power, and was believed to be friendly to the Colonies. The Governor here had several disputes with the Legislature, the Council displayed unusual independence, and the influence of Adams, now promoted to the office of Clerk of the House,'^^ was steadily on the increase. The same state of affairs characterized the whole of the following year, 1767, until, in the autumn, news was received of the passage of an act levying "small duties on paper, glass, and jDainters' colors, imported into America; to take off 12d., which had been charged in England on every pound of tea exported, and to lay 3d. only, payable upon its importation into America." (Hutchinson, iii., 179.) Commissioners were appointed to enforce the customs' laws, and an °' "The office having some emolument, it had generally been filled by one of the members, who took the same share in debating and voting as if he had not been clerk, and rather acquired than lost influence by being so." (Hutchinson, iii., 148.) 76 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. act was passed legalizing the writs of assistance, under which search was made for smuggled goods. In Februaiy, 1768, the House passed a bill order- ing letters to be written to the other colonies, " with respect to the importance of joining with them in petitioning His Majesty at this time." This wae Adams' measure, — a potent weapon in the coming conflict. Another resolve was, "that this House will, by all prudent means, endeavor to discountenance the use of foreign superfluities, and to encourage the manufactures of this Province." The English government demanded the rescinding the vote authorizing the Circular Letter, but the House, by a vote of 92 to 17, refused obedience, " The galleries were cleai'ed, and all communication with the other Board or from the outside, was shut off during the debate." (Life of S. Adams, i., iii.) Even a committee of the Council, Avith certain reso- lutions of that branch, was refused admittance. The House was prorogued the same day, and dissolved the next day, but not till it had passed an address to the King, asking for the removal of Gov- ernor Bernard. An ill-advised measure at this time added to the popular discontent. Owing to Bernard's representa- tions, it had been decided that one or two regiments should be sent from Halifax to Boston. On heai'ing of the riots here, the government in England ordered OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. i < two more regiments from Ireland. Tlie news of the first order was received in Boston abont the begin- ning of September, 1768, and, as the Legishiture was not expected to meet for a year, the town-meeting of Boston took action. On learning from the Governoi" that the troops were soon to arrive, — one regiment for the Castle and two for the town, — the meeting voted to hold a convention on September 22, of delegates fi-om all the othei- towns, " in order that snch measures may be concerted and advised, as His Majesty's service and the peace and safety of his subjects in the province may require." As Hutchin- son says (Hist., iii., 205), "it must be allowed by all, that the proceedings of this meeting had a greater tendency towards a revolution in government than any preceding measures in any of the colonies. The inhabitants of one town alone took upon them to convene an assembh^ from all the towns, that, in everything but in name, would be a House of Repre- sentatives." A most just comment; and let us to-day be proud of the fact that the town thus assuming the lead was Boston. Although the result of the meeting, which was duly held at Faneuil Hall, was not as tangible as was hoped, it showed the colonists how to proceed towards a rebellion whilst preserving the forms of laAV. The convention ad- journed September 29, the day after the tleet and soldiers reached Xantasket. The troops, amounting 78 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. to one tliousand men, under Lieutenant-Colonel Dal- rymple, landed without opposition. One regiment pitched their tents on the Common; the others were marched to Faneuil Hall, and, after some dis- pute, were sheltered there for one night. " The next day. Gov. Bernard ordered the doors of the Town House to be opened, except that of the Council Chamber; and such part were lodged there as Fan- euil Hall rooms would not accommodate. The rep- resentatives' room was filled, in common with the rest." (Hutchinson, iii., 212.) Gen. Gage was summoned from IS^ew York, and the Council attempted to find a way to satisfy both sides. The result Avas that houses were hired for the troops, but in the immediate vicinity of the Town House. The quartering of troops at this spot was felt keenly by the province. The next town-meeting demanded of Gen. Mackay, then in coimnand, the removal of the troops on election day. He replied that he could not do this, but would confine them to their barracks. When the Legislature met, in May, 1769, its first work, after organizing, was to resolve that, "an amiament by sea and land investing the metropolis, and a military guard, with cannon pointed at the very door of the State House;, where this As- sembly is held, is inconsistent with that dignity, as well as that freedom, with which we have a right to deliberate, consult, and determine." They added OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 79 tliat they expected the Governor to order the removal of these forces during the session of the Assembly. As they refused to transact business vvrhile the troops remained, and as the Grovernor would not consent, he adjourned the Legislature to Cambridge. Finally, two regiments were sent back to Haliftix, the 14th and 29th remaining here. Another deeply exciting trial at this time inten- sified the popular indignation. April 22, 1769, a press-gang from the " Rose " frigate, under Lieut. Panton, boarded a ship owned by Mr. Hooj^er, of Marblehead, on her return from Bilboa. Michael Corbet and three others resisted, and the officer, Panton, was shot. Hence a trial in Jul}^, by a special Court of Admiralty, of these four sailors on a charge of piracy and murder. John Adams (Works, X., 205-207) says, that at the open- ing of the trial, on the presentation of the prisoners' pleas, Hutchinson moved " that the Court should adjourn to the Council Chamber." " The pi'isoners were remanded; parties, Avitnesses, counsel, audience, dismissed; and the Court adjourned to the Council Chamber, where they remained in secret conclave till late in the evening." " The Court met again early next morning, in secret conclave in the Council Chamber." The plea of the defence was, that the act was justified homi- cide, and this was the decision of the Court. 80 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. Adams adds, " One circumstance is too charac- teristic to be omitted. The counsel for the prisoners, descending from the chamber where the Court sat, to the lower floor of the Court House, was met at the bottom of the stairs by the boatswain of the ' Rose.' " Su',' said he, ' we are all greatly obliged to you for your noble conduct in defence of these brave fellows; yet, sir, this is the employment in which I have been almost constantly engaged for twenty years, fighting with honest men to deprive them of their liberty. I always thought I ought to be hanged for it, and now I know it." Bernard was recalled, and sailed on July 31, 1769, amid demonstrations of popular joy. By his departure the duties devolved upon Thomas Hutchinson, the lieutenant-governor, a native of Boston, a man of fortune and eminent abilities, but already distasteful to his fellow-citizens as the ablest defender of the royalist views in the colony. He came to the command in times which were daily becoming more turbulent, and, having persistently taken the part of the Crown, he has justly forfeited all claims to the respect of the descendants of the rebels. During the autumn of 1769 the bitter feeling between the colonists and the loyalists rapidly increased. James Otis was dangerously wounded in an aftVav with a Crown officer in the British OLD STATE HOUSE ]{E-DED1CATI0N. 81 Coftee House, which stood on State street, at the present ISTo. 66. It is probable that the violence he then received completed the overthrow of his intellect, and, thenceforward, he ceased to lead in public affairs. On the 22d of February, 1770, a local riot led to the shooting-, by one Richardson, of a boy named Christopher Snyder, the first vic- tim to the evil passions excited by the state of affairs. The merchants of the town had been nearly unanimous in giving effect to the popular wish to prevent the importation of English goods, although the taxes had been taken off of all imports except tea. Early in 1770, however, a new tiu'n Avas given to popular thought, by Avhat is known as the State- street Massacre. From these windows we overlook the scene of this famous event, but it has been too often described to need more than the briefest reference. A fight between the soldiers and the workmen at Gray's ropewalk, on March 2, 1770, had raised a i-esentment in the minds of the troops, which led to fatal I'esults. On Monday evening, March 5th, the soldiers began to show signs of insubordination. In and around their barracks, in Dock square, they assailed the passers-by with threats and blows. The boys of the town rang the bell in the First Church, and tlie citizens began to throng towards the Town House. A large 82 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. crowd g-athered in Dock square, for, in those days, a few minutes' walk would bring every householder to the centre of the town. Here a leader, pre- sumably William Molineaux, advised the people to disperse — a counsel followed by part, while others started for State street. The Custom House stood at the corner of State and Exchange streets, and there a sentinel was posted. A crowd of boys assaulted him with snowballs, until a messenger was sent hastily to the guard-house near by. Some seven or eight men, under Capt. Preston, at once rushed to the relief of the guard, loaded quickly, and stood at bay. The mob pressed upon them, striking their muskets, and otherwise insulting them, being evidently' of the belief that the soldiers would not fire. The order was given to present arms, and then to fire, though it was never dis- covered who gave the fatal word. A rambling fire by the guard, at these close quarters, killed three persons and wounded eight others. At once the partisans of each side rushed to the spot. The soldiers were drawn ujj in order of battle, but remained under the control of their officers. The bells of the churches aroused the alarmed inhabitants, who thronged the street to gaze upon the blood-stained snow, which testified to the awful tragedy. A few hastened to summon Gov. Hutchinson, who, " to satisfy the people, called OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 83 for Captain Preston, and inquired Avliy he iired upon the inhabitants Avithout the direction of a civil magistrate. The noise was sl)le, stretched forth his arm, though even then quivering with palsy, and with an harmonious voice and decisive toue said, ' If the Lieutenant-Governor or Colonel Dalrymple, or both together, have authority to remove one regiment, they have authority to remove two, and nothing short of the total evacuation of the town by all the regular troops will satisfy the public mind or preserve the peace of the province.' " These few words thrilled the veins of every man in the audience, and produced the great result. After a little awlcward hesitation it was agreed that the town should be evacuated and both regiments sent to the Castle." Hutchinson's own account of the affair agrees substantially with this, though throwing the respon- sibility upon Col. Dalrjanple. On March 10 and 11 the two regiments were removed to the Castle. Surely such an event as this must render this hall forever memorable. Whatever else had been done, at other times and places, here was taken the first open step toward successful rebellion. A govern- ment which removes its military force from a fort, a town, or a province, at the demand of its subjects, can hope to regain its ascendanc}^ in the future only by the disj^lay of an irresistible armament in the same place. Hutchinson, who well understood the position, wrote to a friend, in March, 1770: "The body of the people are all of a mind, and there is OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 87 no stemming the torrent. It is the common hm- guage of Adams and the rest, that they are not to be intimidated by acts of Parhament, for they will not be executed here. . . . We are most certainly every da}^ confirming ourselves in oui' principles of independence ; and tells me he is fully convinced that nothing but sharp external force will bring Boston into a state of due subordi- nation." (Life of S. Adams, i., 335.) The Legislature was convened in March, 1770, at Cambridge, despite their protest that the writs specified that the meeting was " to be held at the Town House in Boston." Samuel Adams, John Adams, John Hancock, and Joseph Hawley, were the leaders in the House, ably assisted by James Bowdoin in the Council. In October the trial of Capt. Preston and his soldiers was held in this hall, John Adams and Josiah Quincy, Jr., acting as their coimsel, and Preston was fully acquitted. Two of the soldiers were convicted of manslaughter. " The trials were far from satisfactory to the prose- cutors ; and, in a short time, a great part of the people were induced to believe the acquittals unjust and contrary to evidence ; and the killing of the men was declared to be a horrid massacre, with the same freedom as if the jury had found those concerned in it guilty of murder. A few days after the trial, 88 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DKDICATION, while the Court contimied to sit, an incendiary paper was posted up, in the night, upon the door of the Town House, comphiining of tlie Court for cheating the injured peojjle with a show of justice, and calling upon them to rise and free the world from such domestick tyrants." (Hutchinson, iii., 330.) The removal of the train-band from the Castle and its delivery to the royal forces, was another groimd of oflfence to the colonists. In March, 1771, Hutchinson's commission as Governor arrived, and he met the Legislature at Cambi"idge as before. In the preceding year he had vetoed the election of eleven of his Council, as they were of the popular side. In this year he accepted them all, except John Hancock and Jeratlnneel Bowers. The reported disagreement between Han- cock and Adams, and the fact that the latter was opposed in his election in May, 1772, by two hundred and eighteen votes in seven hundred and twenty- three at the Boston meeting, probably influenced the Governor to allow the Legislature, in 1772, to return to its old apartments in this building. As I confine myself to what was done liere, I pass over the various events which tended to hasten the final rupture. But it was in the adjoining hall, after ordering the galleries to be cleared, that Samuel Adams produced those confidential letters of Hutch- inson to his English friends, which convinced the OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION, 89 public that there was no safety for any of the opponents of the government. In 1773 it became known that the experiment was to be made of shipping tea to this conntr}^ and of collecting the duty upon it. On November 28, 1773, the tea arrived, and, as Hutchinson bitterly remarks, "while the Governor and Council were sitting on the Monday in the Coun- cil Chamber, and known to be consulting upon means for preserving the peace of the town, several thou- sands, inhabitants of Boston and other towns, were assembled in a publick meeting-house, at a small distance, in direct opjDOsition and defiance." We all know the result : that, after exhausting all peaceable means for the return of the " detested herb," a body of patriots, illegally but rightly, took the responsi- bility of consigning three hundred and forty-two chests of tea to the waves of Boston Harbor. " This was the boldest stroke which had yet been struck in America. . . . Their leaders feared no consequences. . . . They had gone too far to recede. If the colo- nies were subject to the supreme authority and laws of Great Britain, their offences long since had been of the highest nature. . . . And it is certain that, ever after this time, an opinion was easily instilled, and was constantly increasing, that the body of the people had also gone too far to recede, and that an open and general revolt must be the consequence; - 1 90 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. and it was not long l^efore actual preparation* were visibly making for it in most parts of the province." (Hutchinson, iii., 439.) Of course this proceeding could not be ignored by Parhament, and, in March, 1774, the Boston Port Bill, closing the port during the pleasure of the King, was passed, with other acts taking all the power from the people or their rej^resentatives, and giving it to the Crown. Pei'sons accused of rioting could be sent to England for ti-ial, and special orders were given for the arrest of Samuel Adams and other leaders. On May 17, 1774, Thomas Gage, the commander- in-chief of all the troops in this country, arrived in Boston, commissioned as Governor of the province. Landing at Long Wharf, he Avas escorted up State street by the Boston Cadets, under the command of Hancock. In this hall he was duly sworn into office, and from the balcony the usual proclamation was made. The last session of the Legislature held under the royal government was at Salem, on June 7, 1774. It was dissolved on the 17th, after it had provided for the appointment of James Bowdoin, Thomas Gush- ing, Samuel Adams, John Adams, and Robert Treat Paine, as delegates to the Congress to be held at Philadelphia. Thenceforward the old government was extinct. In the following year a Provincial Congress, elected by the people, assembled at Water- OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 91 town, to exercise powers acknowledged Ijy all the citizens of the new State. In Boston, the royal Gov- ernor, with his select board of thirty counsellors, appointed by himself, kept up for a while the farce of civic government. The true authority was in his hands as commanding" the troops, and his official residence was at the Pi'ovince House, opposite the head of Milk sti-eet. Hardly anything is on record in regard to the Town House during the siege. It is stated that it Avas used as a barracks ; certainly, after the evacua- tion of the town, no complaint Avas made of any injuiy done to it l)y the troops.^* On the 19th of April, 1775, the battle of Lexington was fought; on the 17th of June following, the battle of Bunker Hill. On the 10th October, 1775, Gage was recalled to England, and, during his absence. Gen. Howe com- •^As an evidence of the demoralization during the last few days of British rule, when private houses were openly robbed by Crean and his Tory associates, we find that on March 14, 1"7(), Gen Howe issued the following proclamation : — " The commander-in-chief, finding, notwithstanding former orders that have been given to forbid plundering, houses have been forced open and robbed, he is therefore under a necessity of declaring to the troops that the first soldier who is caught plundering will be hanged on the spot. " The commander-in-chief, having been informed that depredations have been committed in the Town House, offers the following rewards to any person or persons who shall convict any person or persons of cutting and defacing the King's and Queen's picture, and destroying the records and other public papers, viz.: For the King's picture, £50; for the Queen's picture, £50; for other pictures, records, and public papers, £20." 92 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. manded on the sea-board, and Gen. Carleton in Canada. On the 17th of March, 1776, the British troops evacuated the town; and, on the 20th, the main body of the American army marched in. On the 29th of March, the citizens of Boston held a regular meeting for the election of town officers, in the Old Brick Church, Faneuil Hall having been fitted up as a theatre by the British officers. On the 18th of July, 1776, the Declaration of Independence " was made iDublic, with great parade and exultation, from the balcony on the east end." ^ '''"Thursday last, pursuant to the order of the Honorable Council, was proclaimed from the balcony of the State House in this town the Declara- tion, of the American Congress, absolving the United Colonies from their allegiance to the British crown, and declaring them free and independent mates. There were present on the occasion in the council chamber a committee of council, a number of the Honorable House of Representatives, the magistrates, selectmen, and other gentlemen of Boston and the neigh- boring towns, also the commission officers of the Continentiil regiments stationed here, and other officers. Two of these regiments were under arms in King street, formed into three lines on the north side of the street and in tliirteen divisions, and a detachment from the Massachusetts regi- ment of artillery, with two pieces of cannon, was on their right wing. At one o'clock the Declaration was proclaimed by Colonel Thomas Crafts, which was received with great joy, expressed by three huzzas from a great concourse of people assembled on the occasion. After which, on a signal given, thirteen pieces of cannon were fired from the fort on Fort- hill ; the forts at Dorchester Neck, the Castle, Nantasket, and Point Alder- ton likewise discharged their cannon. Then the detachment of artillery fired their cannon thirteen times, which wa.s followed by tlie two regiments giving their fire from the thirteen divisions in succession. These firings OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATJON. 93 The State g-overnment, which consisted of the Legislature without a Governor, still remained at Watertown. The session for 1776 begun May 29, and continued, by one prorogation and one adjourn- ment, until the 12th of IS^ovember, when it was transferred to Boston. The " Boston Gazette," of ^November 4, announces its own removal from Watertown to the printing-office opposite the Court House, in Queen street, and in its next issue, Monday, IS^ovember 11, states, " Satui'day last, the General Assembly of this State adjourn'd from Watertown, to meet at the State House in this Town, Tomorrow, at Ten o'clock." On November 16, 1776, seventeen Councillors corresponded to the number of the American States united. The ceremony was closed with a proper collation to the gentlemen in the council chamber; during which the following toasts were given by the president of the council, and heartily pledged by the company, viz. : — " ' Prosperity and perpetuity to the United States of America.' "'The American Congress.' " ' General Washington, and success to the arms of the United States.' "'The downfall of tyrants and tyranny.' " ' The universal prevalence of civil and religious liberty.' "'The friends of the United States in all quarters of the globe.' "The bells in town were rung on the occasion; and undissemblcd festivity cheered and brightened every face. " On the same evening, the King's Arms, and every sign with any resem- blance of it, whether Lion and Crown, Pestle and Mortar and Crown, Heart and Crown, etc., together with every sign that belonged to a Tory, were taken down, and the latter made a general conflagration of in King street." — New England Chronicle for July 23, 1776. 94 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. signed a proclamation, " given at the Council Cham- ber in Boston," for a Thanksgiving to be observed on December 12 folloAving. The various State officials also returned to this building, which continued in use as the State House, for nearly twenty years. In 1780 the State Constitution was adopted, and John Hancock, the first Governor of the State, was installed here, to the great delight of his fellow-townsmen. James Bowdoin, Samuel Adams, and Increase Sumner, succeeded Hancock, and presided in this chamber. In 1782 a great reception Avas given in the Council Chamber to the French fleet and army, then returning to Europe. On the 23d of April, 1783, the Proclamation of Peace was received here, " and the sheriff" of the County of Suffolk, Joseph Henderson, Esq., an- nounced the same from the balcony of the State House, at one o'clock, before which a large con- course of the most respectable inhabitants of the town were assembled, who demonstrated by three loud huzzas, their joy upon this occasion. After which, thirteen cannon, from the fortresses at the Castle, and the same number at Fort Hill, were fired." In 1785 the view of the Old State House here annexed was used on the title-page of the " Boston Magazme." It is interesting as showing that the JAMliS BOWDUIN. OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 95 Province Arms, or tlioir supporters, had disaj)- peared from the eastern front, but that the sei-olls had not been substituted; and that the steps wci-e then in place. It also shows that at that date this building was regarded as a peculiarly Bos- tonian structure, and therefore figured on the front page of a Boston book. In October, 1789, Washington visited Boston, and reviewed the procession in his honor from a balcony erected from the centre window of the Representatives' Hall. Of course Washington had seen the State House in 1776, when he entered the town with his victo- rious troops; but, on this occasion, the building was the centre of the pageant in his honor. We copy from the " Massachusetts Magazine " for January, 1790, a view thei'ein engraved, and the following "Description of the Triumphal Arch and Colonnade, erected at Boston, in honour of the President of the United States, October 24, 1789. — The Triumphal Arch (designed by Mr. C. Bulfinch) was 18 feet high, composed of a centre arch 14 feet wide, and one on each side, of 7 feet, with an lonick pilaster and proper imposts between them. The frieze exhibited 13 stars on a blue ground, and a handsome white, defitulo cornice was carried to the height of the platform; above was painted a balustrade of inter- laced work, in the centre of which was an oval tablet, 96 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. with the following inscriptions : on one side , ' To the Man who unites all Hearts,^ and on the other, ' To Columbia's favourite Son.'' At the end adjoining the State House was a panel decorated with a Trophy, composed of the arms of the United States, of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and of our French Allies, crowned with a laurel wreath; over these an inscription, ^Boston relieved, March 17,1776,^ — as a proof of a grateful remembrance of the service rendered the town b}^ the illustrious President in his military character. Over the centre arch, a rich canopy, of 20 feet in height, was erected, with the American Eagle perched above. " The Colonnade (designed by Hon. Mr. Dawes) was erected at the west end of the State House, adjacent to the Arch. It was composed of six large columns, 15 feet high, and a balustrade hung in front with Persian carpets, on which were wrought 13 roses. The circle of the Colonnade measured 44 feet, and projected boldly into the main street, so as to exhibit in a strong light ' The man of the people.^ The central west window of the State House was the door through which the President passed to the balustrade, descending from a plat- form four easy stejis, to the floor of the gallery, which was furnished with arm-chairs, and spi'ead with rich carpets. On this platform was a jiedestal covered with green, supporting the figure of Plenty, Proceii^ion. Boston, Oct. 19,' 1789. AS this town is shortly to be honoured with a visit from the PRESIDENT of the United States : In order that we may pay our respects to him, in a manner whereby every inhabitam may see so illustrious and amiable a character, and to prevent the disorder and danger which must ensue from a great assembly of people without order, a Committee appointed by a respectable number of in- habitants, met for the purpose, recommend to their Fellow-Citizens to arrange themselves in the following or- der, in a O C E It is also recommended, that the person who shall be chosen as head of each order of Artizans, Trades- men, 3Ianufacturers, &c. shall be known by displaying a WHITE FLAG, with some device thereon expres- sive of their several callings, and to be numbered as in the arrangement that follows, which is alphabetically dis- posed, in order to give general satisfaction. — The Artizans, &c. to display such insignia of their craft, as they can conveniently carry in their hands. That unifornnty may not be wanting, it is desired that the several Flag-staiTs be SEVEN feet long, and the Flags a tard square. OKDER OF PROCESSION MUSICK. The Selectmen, Overseers of the Poof. Town Treasurer, Town Clerk, Magistrates, Consuls of France and Holland, The Officers of his MosuChristian Majesty's Squadron, The Rev. Clergy, Physicians, Lawyers, Merchants and Traders, Marine Society, Masters of Vessels, Revenue Officers, Strangers, who may wish to attend. Bakers, Blacksmiths, &c. Block-makers,' Boat-builders, Cabinet and Chair-makers, Card-maktrs, Carvers, Chaise and Coacli-makers, Clock and Watch-makers, Coopers. Coppersmiths, Braziers and Kounde Cordwainers, &c. Distillers, Duck Manufacturers, 1. 5. (). 7. Engravers, Glaziers and Plumbers, No. 1. No. 2. No'. 3. No. No, No No, No. 8. No. 9. No. 10. No. II. No. 12. No. No. No. No, Goidsmitlis and Jewellers, Hair-Dressers, Hatters and Furriers, House Carpenters, Leather Dressers, and Leather Breeches Makers, Limners and'Portrait Painters. Masons,^ - - . , Blast-makers, - . , _ Mathematical Instrumenl-maKci'S, Millers, .... I'ainters, . , - . Paper Stainei-t, Pewterers, - Printers, Book. I'inders and Slatinners, Rigijers, Rope-makers, Saddlers. .... Sail-makers, . . - . Slupwrights, to include Caulkers, Ship.joiner Hcad.Ijuilderi and Sawyers, biigar-boilers. Tallow. Chandlers, &;c. . . . Tanners, 1 13. 14. 15. IB. No. 17. No. 1«. No. 19. No. 20. No. 21. No. 22. No. 23. No. 24. No. 25. No. 2S. No. 27. No. 211. No. 29. No. 30. No. 31. No. 32. No, 33. No. 34, No. 35. No. 36. No. 37. No, 38. No. 30. No. 40. No. 41. No. 42. No. 43. No. 44. No. 45. No. 46. Taylors,, Tin-plate Workers, Tobacconists, Truckmen, t Turneis,, Upholsterers, , Wharfingers, ■ \V lieeUvrights, Seamen, Ji. B. — In the above arrangement, some trades are omitted — from the idea, that they would incorporate themselves with the bran:he3 mentioned, to which thej are generallj attached. For instance — it is supposed, that under the head of BladzsmithSy the Armourers, Cutlers, ■yVbitesmiths and other workers in iron, would be included ; and the same with respect to other trades . Each division of the above arrangement is requested to meet on such parade as it may agree on, and march Artizans, Sec, forming at the South-end thereof. The Marshalls will then direct in what tnaniicr th President on his arrival in town. When the frbnt of the Procession arrives at the extremity of the then be directed to open the column— one half of each rank moving to toe right, and the other half to the left — and then face inwards, so a« to form an avenue through which the President is to pass, to the galeries to be erected at the State.House. Iris requested diat the several School-masters conduct their Scliolars to the neighbourhood of the State-House, and form them in such order as the l\1arshalls shall direct. The Marine Society is desired to appoint some person to arrange and accompany the seamen. into tne Mall— No, 1 of the Procession will move to meet the town, it will halt, and the whole will OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 97 with her Cornucojiice and other emblems. As soon as the President entered this Colonnade he was saluted by three huzzas from the citizens, and by an Ode (see our Magazine for Octobei', 1789, page 659), sung- by a select choir of singei's, seated under the canopy erected over the arch. The whole formed an agreeable spectacle, and heightened the pleasure of the day." "We also present a fac-simile of the Order of Exer- cises on that interesting occasion, from a cojiy preserved in the Boston Public Library. Finally, the project of a new State House was agitated, and the corner-stone thereof was laid Jidy 4, 1795, with Masonic honors. It was first occupied by the Legislature on the 11th of Jan- uary, 1798, when that august body marched in procession from the Old State House to the I^ew. The folloAving descrijition, written by Thomas Pemberton, a local antiquary, in 1794, was printed in the collection of the Massachusetts Historical So- ciety,, 1st series, vol. iii., p. 250: — " The State House, called the Towu House. The building first erected for governmental business was placed at the head of King- street, and was eonsumed by lire in 1711. In the year following, a new brick building was raised ou the same spot aud met with a like fate the 9th of December, 1747; when some of the records and other public papers were destroyed. It was repaired in the year following, in its present form, aud is in length 110 feet, in breadth 38 feet, and three sloiie.s high. On the cenlri' of tiie 98 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. roof is a tower, consisting of three stories, finished according to the Tuscan, Doric and Ionic orders. From the upper story is an extensive prospect of the harbor, into the bay and of the country adjacent. " The lower floor of the building serves for a covered walk for any of the inhabitants. On this floor are kept the oflSces of the clerks of the Supreme Judicial Court and Court of Common Pleas. The chambers over it are occupied by the General Court, the senate in one and the representative body in the opposite chamber. The third story is appropriated for the use of the Committees of the General Court. On the lower floor are ten pillars of the Doric order, which support the chambers occupied by the Legislature. This building is in Coruhill, one mile two hundred and seventy- nine yards from Washington-street, the late fortification entrance from the neck into the town. Its latitude is 42 dog. 21 inin. north ; the longitude is 71 deg. .3 min. 30 sec. west from Green- wich, in Euglaud." We have already printed {ante, p. 63) the descrip- tion of the building, published ua August, 1791, in the "Massachusetts Magazine." In the same magazine for July, 1793, there was published a larger engrav- ing, here reproduced, but no explanation was given except a reference to the earlier issue. After the Legislature had depai'ted, the Town House fell upon evil days. The town-meetings were held in the enlarged Faneuil Hall, with which we are familiar. The courts weie transferred to the Court House on Court street, and the old build- ing was given up to various tenants. The records of the town and of the selectmen do not enable us to ill* M '■§ OLD STATE HOUSE KE-DEDICATION. 99 give full details of the occupants. In fact, until 1803 the title to the estate was in doubt. The State claimed the right to sell the property, and to take one-half the proceeds. To this the town stoutly de- murred, claiming the fee of the land, and a moral right, at least, to specify the uses to Avhich the build- ing should be put. An elaborate report to this effect is on the town records for 1798. Finally, Feb. 1.5, 1803, a resolve was passed (Resolves, c. 95, of 1803), authorizing three commissioners to sell the Common- wealth's interest to the town for the sum of .$6,000. A like release Avas obtained from the counties of Suffolk and I^Torfolk, for the sums of |1,923.43 and .$1,176.58 respectively .=« Th(- town then voted. May 23, 1803, to lease the ™Tlie following deed, the original of which now hangs on these walls, is recorded in the Suffolk Registry, Vol. 205, f ol. 207 : — Know all Men by these presents : That we, the undersigned, being ap- pointed a Committee by the General Court of the Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts, by their resolve of the fifteenth of February, one thousand eight hundred and three, "and authorized with full power to make sale of all the Commonwealth's Estate, right, title and Interest, in and to the Old State House, to the Town of Boston, or such person or persons, and on such terms, as said Committee shall judge will be most for the Interest and lionur of the Commonwealth and to execute good and sufficient Deed or Deeds of release thereof — and to pay the proceeds or deliver the securities which they may receive therefor, into the Treasury of this Commonwealth." For and in consideration of the sum of six thousand Dollars for the use of the Coninionwealth aforesaid, paid by the Inhabitants of the Town of Bos- ton, in the County of Suffolk — the receipt whereof we do hereby acknowl- edge. Do by these presents, sell, release and forever quit claim unto the said 100 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. Old State House for a term of not less than ten nor more than fifty years, " to be occupied for public or private offices, and such other purposes only as the selectmen for the time being shall approve, and that no alterations be made in the external form of the building Avithout their aj)probation." The selectmen were instructed to carry the vote into eifect, and were allowed to employ any agent necessary. Inhabitants of the Town of Boston, all the said Commonwealth's Estate, riijht, title and Interest in and to the building called the Old State House, situate at the head of State street, in Boston .aforesaid. To have and to hold, the above released premises, to the said Inhabitants of the Town of Boston and their assigns forever. In witness whereof. We have hereunto set our hands and seals, in Boston, the twenty-eighth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and three. Enoch Titcomb & a Seal. Aakon Hill & a Seal. NicHo's TiLLiNGHAST & a Seal. Signed, sealed and deliver'd in presence of Sam. Cazneau. Edw'd McLane. Jacob Kuhn. Suffolk, ss. Boston, April 29th, 1803. Then the above named Enoch Titcomb, Aaron llill and NichoLis Tillinghast, Esquires personally appeared, and in their capacity as aforesaid acknowledged the foregoing instrument by them subscribed, to be their free act and deed. Before me John Avery Jus: Peace. A True Copy. Attest : .loHN Avery Secretary. In lib. 205, fol. 215, is the deed, dated May 21, 1803, by which Seth Bul- lard. Thomas Williams, Jr., and Moses Everett, commissioners .appointed by 2 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DKDICATION. 101 It would seem that in 1809 a Dr. Hand was one tenant; in 1810 a Mr. Burle3% and also the Colum- bian Insurance Co. In 1811 the office lately occu- pied by Mr. Park was divided into smaller rooms. In 1812 the cellars were let for three years, for $600, to B. Foster, Josiah Siders, and Edward Flood, or Floyd. April 29, 1812, the County Treasixrer was assigned a room adjoining westerly that of the Towq Treasurer. July 8, 1812, the room lately hired by He my Messenger, and then by Samuel D. Parker, was valued at |200 rent. In 1813, Mr. Harrington's rent was reduced to .f 120, and applications for a re- duction were made by the Commercial Insurance Co., Mr. Floyd, and Mr. Siders. In the spring of 1816 Mr. H. ^. Eogers applied in behalf of the gen- tlemen associated at Merchants' Hall, and obtained leave to use the lanthorn of the Old State House as an observatory for ships. The rents then fixed wei'e for Mr. Barry .f 800, Mr. Pea |800, Gilbert and Dean $200, Beal and Hobart |150. (Mr. AVilliam Barry kept a hat-store there in 1826.) Mr. Messenger de- the Court of General Sessions of the county of Norfolk, sold to the town of Boston all the rights of that county in the Old State House, for §1,176.58. This county was in jiart formed from the old county of Suffolk, which had a quarter interest in the building. In lib. 20G. fol. 23G, is a similar deed, dated July 21st, 1803, from Samuel Gardner, Ebenezer Seaver, and Josiah Batcheldor, similar commissioners for the county of Suffolk, to sell that county's right in said building to the town of Boston. The whole title is thus clearly vested in our city. 102 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. clined to pay a rent of $300; and the office lately occupied by Mr. Selfridge was let to Mr. Parker, for 1150. In January, 1817, Mr. Greenwood applied for the upper part, and was informed that the lowest rent would be |1,200. Probably this was Mr. E. A. Greenwood, who opened his museum, July 4, 1818, in Court street. We copy the folloAving description from Shaw's History of Boston, printed in 1817: — Old State House. — The building first erected for govern- meutal business was placed at the head of King-street, and was consumed by fire in 1711. In the j'ear following a new brick building was raised on the same spot, and met a like fate on the 9th of December, 1747, when some of the records and other public papers were destroyed. It was repaired in the year follow- ing, in its present form, and is in length one hundred and ten feet, in breadth thirty-eight feet, and three stories high. On the centre of the roof is a tower, consisting of three stories, finished according to the Tuscan, Dorick and louick orders. From the upper story is an extensive prospect of the harbor, into the bay, and of the country adjacent. The lower floor of the building served for a covered walk for any of the inhabitants. On this floor were kept the offices of the clerks of the Supreme Judicial Court and Court of Common Pleas. The chambers over it were occupied by the General Court, the senate in one and the rep- resentative body in the opposite chamber. The third story was appropriated for the use of the committees of the General Court. On the lower floor were ten pillars of the Dorick order, which supported the chambers occupied by the Legislature. This CiLi) Stati. Ht IN l.M'l. (From Hales' Survey.; OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 103 buililiiig is ill Coniliill, one uiile two liiimlred aud soveiity-nine yards from Wasliiiigtou street, the late fortification eutrauce from the nock into the town. Dec. 28, 1819, Col. Daniel Messinger hired his room and the one adjoining, lately occupied by Charles Bridge, for |500. June 22, 1820, the town voted to lease all the rooms above the lower story, except two on Cornhill (i.e., Washington street), for .f600, to the Free- masons, and the selectmen made a lease accordingly for ten years from October 1. The records of the Grand Lodge show that the last meeting was June 9, ]830. Januaiy 30, 1822, the Directors of the United States Bank, being in search of a suitable place, offered to buy the building; but the offer was not accepted. The following description from the first edition of Bowen's " Picture of Boston," 1828-9, shows the con- dition of affairs imtil 1830: — Old State House. — The building first erected for govern- mental business was placed at the head of State-street. It has been twice burnt. The last time it was destroyed was in 1747, and it was repaired in its present form, in the following year. The building is in length 110, iu breadth 38 feet, three stories high, finished according to the Tuscan, Dorick and Ionic orders. The lower story of this building is now rented liy the cilv for stores and ollices, the second and thud stories, except one moin at tlie west of the second story (which is occii|iied for the city lOtt OLD STATE HOUSE EE-DEDICATION. Treasurer's office), are occupied by the Masonic Lodges in Boston. The Masonic Hall is elegantly embellished ; the decorations and furniture are very rich and appropriate, and the room is sufficiently capacious for most masonic purposes. It measures 43 hy 32 feet and is IG feet high. The following is a list of the lodges that 4 hold their meetings here, viz., — f. Grand Lodge of Massachusetts on the second Wednesday in December, March, June and September. Grand Chapter, 2d Tuesday in December, June and Sep- tember. St. John's Lodge on 1st Tuesday of each month. St. Andrew's on 2d Thursdaj' of each month. Massachusetts on last Friday of each month. Columbian on 1st Thursday of each month. Mount Lebanon on last Monday of each month. St. Andrew's Chapter on 1st Wednesday of each month. St. Paul's Chapter on 3d Tuesday of each month. Council of R. M. on last Wednesday of each mouth. Encampment on 3d Wednesday of each month. This building, being placed at the head of one of the first streets in Boston, has quite a pleasant and imposing appearance to the stranger as he approaches it from Long Wharf. In Hale's " Survey of Boston and Vicinity," the measures of distances are reckoned from this building. The accoinpanyiug view is part of a large picture painted in 1829, by Salmon, from a point on Pem- bei'ton Hill. The city government was inaugurated at Fanenil Hall, May 1, 1822, l:)ut no ari-angements had been made for a C-ity Hall. As Avill be more fully shown in Appendix F, accommodation was ojjtained for the \\A-in*.<.T«.N SrKiFr Fnd, 1S50. Statf STKF.n 1"ni>, 1880. ViKW FKOM PEMDERTON HiLL, 1829. Lm), 1S35. .WASHiNr.TON Sthkht Knp, 1880 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 105 various departments in dilFerent buildings, the Mayor and the City Council being provided for in the Stone or County Court House on School street, on the site now covered by City Hall. Such a state of affiiirs was of course inconvenient, and the project of a City Hall was soon agitated. In 1830 it was decided to occui)y the Old State House for city purposes. During these eight years the preservation of the building had been twice in doubt. In !N^ovember, 1825, it came near destruction by fire, as the following vote shows : — In Board of Aldermen, Jannary 23, 1820. "It having been made known to the Board of Aldermen, that, at the fire in Court street in November last, Mr. Almoran Holmes and Mr. Bela Lincoln were instrumental in preserving the City Building e.ille]e mention, or wiiose 112 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. spires aud turrets are surrounded with more glorious lialo thau this unpretending building. " I refer you to the daj' when Independence, mature in age and loveliness, advanced with angelic grace from the chamber in which she was born into the same balcony, and holding in her liand the immortal scroll on which her name and character and claims to her inheritance were inscribed, received from the street, filled with an impenetrable phalanx, and windows glittering with a blaze of beauty, the heartfelt homage and eleeti'ifying peals of men, women, and children of the whole city. The splendor of that glorious vision of my childhood seems to be now present to my view, and the harmony of that universal concert to vibrate in my ear. ""We, gentlemen, have now become, for a short period, occu- pants of this Temple of Liberty. Henceforth, for many years, the Citj' Government will probably be here administered. May we, and those who will succeed us, appreciate the respon- sibleness attached to our places by the merit of (jur j^redecessors ; and though we cannot serve our country to the same advantage, may we love it with equal fidelity. And may the guardian genius of our beloved city forever delight to dwell in these renovated walls ! " After the lapse of half a century we assemble to renew these pious labors, and to repeat his fervent prayers for their success; but the times are more propitious for us, since the present generation has been taught anew the necessity of perpetually culti- vating those patriotic virtues which alone can ani- mate a nation in times of adversity. Twenty years have passed since the assembled citizens of Boston were again aroused, from the OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 113 balcony of this chamber, by the eloquence of those speakers who uttered the cry, "To amis! " God grant that in our day that appeal may never again be made; but shoidd tlic necessity arise, it must be made to a community which has been daily familiar with the lessons taught by the memories of these halls as well as of the " Ci-adle of Liberty," — Faneuil Hall. "Here the child Independence was born!" and what untold glories in the future that birth por- tended! The independence for which our fathers fought Avas freedom of thought, speech, and action in every land and in every generation. The chain which they broke Avas not simply that of Great Britain over America, but the greater fetters of usurped authority over the bodies and minds ot millions in other lands. To our success is to be attributed whatever liberty has been achieved for the suflering nations of Europe, or for the long-enslaved victims of unwarrantable oppression in our own land. I had thoiight I had recited all the stirring events connected with this building, but I pause to add that it aftbrded a temporary shelter to William Lloyd Garrison, as he was unwillingly rescued from the mis- guided rage of a pro-slavery mob. Let us rejoice that we to-day can assert, that, among the results of that Independence which was first proclaimed on this spot, has been the purging of the Great 114 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. Republic of the anomalous stain and reproach of domestic slavery. And, surely, if we have, at so great cost of treasure and blood, exj)iated our national sin, we may turn, with expectant gaze, to our sister nations for a simi- lar sacrifice. The independence which we inculcate demands that, wherever, under any professed form of law, the labor of the peasant profits only his master, that iniquity shall cease, — whether it be in the familiar case of Ireland, whose wrongs meet Avith so prompt a response in kindred bosoms here, — or of Russia, where the lurid torch of Nihilism i-eveals the misery of untold millions, — or wherever else the wretched serf looks eagerly to the laud of promise on this side of the Atlantic. Fellow-citizens, so long as we maintain the sacred fires upon the altars, we ma}" claim the right to be especially favored by the divinity. I cannot allow myself to dwell upon the possibility of any future surrender of these walls to any purpose less apjiro- priate than that we now celebrate. I cannot antici- pate any decrease in the prosperity or the public spirit of our beloved city. I can only predict that future generations, for centuries to come, mil visit this spot and will remember us thankfully for what we have this day done. To you, Mr. Maj'or, as the highest representative of the cit}^, I now ti'ansfer the care and custody of OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 115 the Old State House, felicitating you upon the hon- orable duty, and congratulating the city that it devolves upon one so well qualified, by assiduous study, to appreciate the value of this acquisition. 116 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. At the conclusion of Mr. Whitmore's address, His Honor ISIayor Green said : — MAYOR GREEN'S REMARKS. Mr. Chairman: — The Old State House to-day comes back to the city, and as the chief executive officer I greet the venerable structure with a warm and hearty welcome. After an occupation of many years for purposes of general business, these halls are now to be used for the reception and preserva- tion of historical objects of local interest. The com- mittee of which you are at the head, Mr. Alderman, having this matter in charge, deserve the thanks of the community, for the way in which it has been done. I know full well that the work has fallen largely on the shoulders of the Councilman who has given us this morning his interesting and instructive address, and it is through his untiring zeal as an antiquary that this plan has been brought to a suc- cessful issue. I sympathize most warmly with him in the expression that the use we now give to these halls may be the permanent one. He has told how this building was erected as a town house, and traced its history from the earliest days to the present time. Its close connection with the various political events of our city and State makes it a conspicuous monument in our local annals. OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 117 The formal dedication of a public building- is a custom of comparatively modern times. The foun- ders of 'New England were too busy to indulge in mere formalities; and, even if they had the time, they were apt to look ujion such observances as idle and frivolous. They regarded the various purposes to which a building was put as in themselves a sufficient dedication; and for this reason they avoided any special ceremony to emphasize its objects or uses. While it is true, then, that this structure was never formally dedicated, it is equally true that it was con- secrated by all that was high and noble in patriotic service, through the words that were spoken and the deeds that were inspii'ed within its walls. The political town-meeting is an outgrowth of New England life, and it has been the very cradle of American liberty and independence. It originated with the first comers and has been kept up hj their successors till the present time. The freemen of the several towns came together in public meeting to dis- cuss and settle questions of general interest. They chose town officers, to whom was delegated the power to manage their civil as well as ecclesiastical affairs. It was at such gatherings that a free and full recognition of popular i-ights was first made in this country, and the very foundation and corner- stone of our present jiolitical system laid. The best insight of the forces that developed local self-gov- 118 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. ernmeiit is to be found in the action of such meet- ings. The causes that brought about tlie separation of the American colonies from the mother country were ripening during many years, but they were kept aUve and active by these pubHc assemblages. Bos- ton was the largest and most influential town on the continent, and was always ready to take the lead in public alfairs. When she spoke, her voice was heard with no doubtful sound, and she had all IS^ew Eng- land for an audience. Her utterances were given from this building as well as from Faneuil Hall and the Old South Meeting-house. These three struct- ures are full of historical reminiscences and associa- tions, and I envy not the man who can approach any one of them with ordinary feelings. Rude though they are in external form they represent in their traditions the highest form of religion and patriotism, as understood by the framers of our government. He lacks some of the human sensibilities whose heart is not thrilled, and whose emotions are not quickened, when he enters their portals. I do not forget the fact that this building was occupied by the municipal authorities during a period of ten years. On Sejit. 17, 1830, the two hundredth anniversary of the settlement of Boston, the City Government, under the Mayoralty of Harrison Gray Otis, took possession of these apartments, and used OhT) STATE HOUSE KE-DEDICATION. 119 them until March 18, 18-41. Tt was under this roof that the admini.sti'ations of Charles Wells, Theodore Ljmian, Samuel T. Armstrong, and Samuel A. Eliot were carried on; and it was while Jonathan Chap- man Avas Mayor that the city offices were again removed to the City Hall, standing between Court square and School street. Whatever may be the fate of other public buildings, let us cherish the hope that the Old State House may stand as a connecting link between the provincial and national periods of our country's history, and that it may continually remind us of the unselfish devotion and hard struggles of the men who laid the foundation of our present gov- ernment. Alderman Hehsey. — I recognize among our honored guests to-day, the face and form of him whose memory extends far back into the past, and who, I know, can give us some personal reminis- cences connected with this building. I allude to the Hon. Marshall P. Wilder. REMARKS or HON. MARSHALL P. WILDER. I did not expect, Mr. Mayor, and Mr. Chairman, to be called upon here to say a single word to-day. At my time of life, and under this oppressive heat, my words must be very few. But I rejoice from the bottom of my heart that I am able to be here on this 120 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. consecrated spot, and participate in the ceremony of the restoration of the Old State House. I say my words must be few; but T desire to tender to His Honor the Maj'^or, and to the City Government, the thanks of the Historic-Genealogi- cal Society, in their behalf and in my own; I desire to thank yon for the wisdom of making the apjiro- priation which has placed again, as we believe, much in its old style, this building of former days ; and I desire to thank Mr. Whitmore for his energetic, enterprising, persistent, and successful labors in bring- ing again into this form, this structure, so ancient, and so renowned in the history of this city, because of the events, so graphically described by Mr. Whit- more and His Honor the Mayor, which transpired upon this spot. Here Independence drew its first breath. This sjjot, now consecrated by the restora- tion of this building, will perpetuate the history of those men, who, more than any others, led in the American revolution, and gave to the world the fh'st great, free, and independent nation on earth. The work has been well accomplished. Nothing could be more appropriate ; and the provision made for it by the City Government, I am sure you will all say, could not have been more judiciously ex- pended. For I hold that next to training the spirit for the life eternal, there is no obligation more solemn than that of perpetuating to future genera- OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. 121 tions the principles and virtues of those noble men who gave to the world this great republic, — principles and virtues upon which must ever rest the happiness and prosperity of all our people. This ended the formal exercises. The following letters, addressed to the Chairman of the Committee, Alderman Woolley, were not read, owing to his absence ; but they are worthy of preservation in the history of the celebration : — Commonwealth of Massachusetts, ExECUTiA'E Department, .July 8, 1882. Mt deak Mr. Alderman : — I thank you for your kind invi- tation to the re-dedication of the Old State House, with its interesting associations. I am unable to accept on account of engagements at the same hour, but I beg to send my kindest wishes for the occasion. Very truly yours, JOHN D. LONG. Wm. Woolley, Esq. Navy Yard, Boston, Commandant's Office, July 10, 1882. Dear Sir : — I have had the honor of receiving 3'our kind invitation to attend at the Old State House to-morrow to partici- pate in the ceremonies of the Re-dedication of that ancient and interesting structure. I greatly regret that m3^ health is such that I will not be able to attend. With manj- thanks to you, and to Mr. Whitmore, I liavc the honor to be. Very respectfully yours, O. C. BADGER, Commodore, U.S.N. William Woolley, Esq., City Council, City Hall, Boston. APPENDICES APPENDIX A. Copies of Original Papers, in the possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society, relating- to the Erec- tion of the Town House in Boston in 1().">7. 1. POWER CONFERRED BY THE COMMITTEES FOR THE TOWN HOUSE — 1657. Wee whose names are vnder wrighten liaving full power given vs by the Town of Boston to Agree with workmen, & in their l)ehalfo to Engadge the Town. In tlie Payment of any sum or sums fur the bnilcling Erecting & Com- pleating of A house for the Town botli for tlie forme & dimentions &c. accord- ing as we shall Judge meet, They the s'^ Towne having Eugadged themselves to own & stand by vs and pforme what promises Covenants or Engadgm wee should make in order to the accomplishing of the premises. And to facillitate the s'' workc we the s"l subscribed doe make choyce of M Edward Hutchinson & John Hull in o behalfe to Agree & Compound with workmen & Engadge paym' in evcrie respect for the s'' worke & we doe hereby olilidge o' selves to stand by, own, & performe what the s'' M"' Ed: Hutchinson & Jn Hull Sou deputed shall doe or Engadge themselves in as iff it was the personall act of everie one off vs &- heervnto we subscribe o*" hands, by this binding o"^ selves likewise to own what the s"" prtyes have allridy done in the s"' worke signed this 31 of the 6"' month 1657. Townesmen Commisioners Tno: Marsh.\ll Samuel Cole William Paddy Josh: Scottow . Jer: Howcuin 2. AGREEM^ FOR THE TOWN HOUSE — 1657. Boston August 1 1657. Wee whose names are vnder wrighten Being chosen by & in behalfe of the Town of Boston, to bargain & Contract witli some able workemen about A house for the Town, we have Bargained & Contracted, & by these ]>rcsents doe bargain & Covenant with Thomas Joy and Bartholomew Bernad of Boston; & the s' Tliomas Joy & Barth Bernad. are lieerby boune sixty si.K foot in Length, and thirty si.\ foot in Breadth from out side to out side, set vpon twenty one Fillers of full ten foot high between Pedestall & Capitall, & 126 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. well brasod all four waies, placed upon foundation of stone in the bottome. The wholl Biiiklnij; to Jetty over three foot without the Fillers everie way : The height of the s'' House to be ten foot betwixt Joynts above the Fillers, and a lialfe storie above that, with three gable Endes over it vpon each side : A walke vpon the Top fourteen or 15 foote wide with two Turrets, & turned ISalasters and railcs, round aliout the walke according to A uiodell or drauglit Presented to vs, by the s'' Tho: Joy, & liarth: Bernad. Tlies''Tho: Joy & 15artli: Bernad Likewise finding things necisarie and meet for tlie s>l Building, viz : Timber in in everie respect & of everie sort, substantiall & meet according to Proportion & Art, Plank for the sides & ends three Inch thick,* well groved one into anotlier, and into tlie timbers allso an Inch and halfe ; well plained and smoothed one Both sides, two Incli plank for the lower floor, and full Inch for the vpper floor. Both smootlied, and vpon tlie walk duble boarded and well groved; the RootF well boarded & shingled, with gutters sufliciently made. Bringing all to the Place, Erecting finishing & Compleating the whole Edi- fice viz The Frame, foundations, Floores, staires (viz Two pair halfe paced staires & turned staires vp into tlie walke) doores, window Cases & Casements, mantle peeces. Inclosures Fertitions f &c Tlie wboll Edifice to be Erected, by the tliirty daye of the fourth month called June next ensuing the date heer- oft'; and Covered and shingled within six weekes after that. The Town find- ing all the Iron worke, as nailes liookes hinges ic. glass with glasing and Lead for the Gutters masonrie worke as the chimnies, foundation of the Fillers with stone brick & Lime belonging to the same the afl^o's'' Tho: & Barth: all the other worke as aflfor"' The Town finding help at the raysing. In consideration of the premises we due heerby oblidge ourselves (accord- ing to order & in behalfe of the s'' Town of Boston afl'ors'') To give & Assigne over vnto the s>i Tho: Joy & Barthol; Bernad or to either of them or their assignes the three Ilund: Founds w-''' is that Fart of the Legacy of Cap' Hob Keyne (deceased) designed & bequeathed vnto the s'' Town in his Last will for thervse, and also one hund. Pound move we heerby oblidge o'selves to Fay or Cause to be paled vnto the s'' Thomas & Bartholomew or their Assignes In good English goods at price Currant, and likewise to doe our vttmost that one fiff'ty pound of this above mentioned paym' (viz out of the thre Hun'') may be made in mony for the more lively cavsing an end of the affo'^s'^ worke. The time w^'' Payment shall be as followeth viz : one Hund. Found at the Bringing of the Timber to the Place A second Hund: at the raysing A third Hund: at the inclosure & Covering A fourth at the finishing and Comideating vnto all these premises aboves'' we doe heerby Joj'ntly & severaly mutualy & Interchangeably bind o'selves by o' hands & scales this first of August, 1657. We doe also engadge that the three Hund: pound in the Legacy aboves'i shall be made good vnto the s'' workmen Thomas & Bartholomew. ^\'itleses heer rnto Joseph Newgate Edward Hutchinson [seal] James Browne John Hcll [seal] Henrv Powning COPY OF THE SUBSCRIPTION PAPER FOR THE FIRST TOWN- HOUSE IN BOSTON, ERECTED BETWEEN 1G57 AND 1G59. Whearas thear is giuen a considerabl sume by Capt Kayne towars the Bulding of a towne house V^^ sum will not ataine the Bulding w"'' he men- tioneth in his will, now considering the vsefullnes of such a structure we whose * Only we .ilow of Two Inch plank for the sides & ends above tbc Plates & beamos. t There is to be bolb Roomes from the chimnies closed on both sides and one Cross partition in one of the Roomes ; beside the stair Case. AITENDIX A. 127 names arc vndcr written, dnc ingag or seliies or lieyres executors for to giue towards tlie al)OU sd lious and alsoe a condit in tlio market plaeo tlie severall sunios vndcr written. £ Jo: Endecotl ...... 1". pd Ki Bellingham in Country pay jid Edward Tynge in ("orne . . pd Jolin Euorcd in goods and corne . pd iG s Petor . 00 . 00 10—00-00 pd 03-00-00 pd O.j— 00— 00 pd 02-00-00 pd 1 0.-.- 00— 00 pd 005 : 00 : 00 pd 02 0— 05-00—00 pd 04-00-00 pd 5— 0— pd 03 10 00 pd 02 . 10 00 pd 5 . 00-00 pd 5 : 00—00 pd 10=00=00 pd 20=00=00 pd 15 — — 02-00-00 05—00—00 12—00—00 0!)— 00 : 00 03—00-00 03—00^00 05 : 00 : 00 I— 0— 0—10— 00—10— 00—15 00 02—00-00 04—00— 01—00—00 00-15-00 00—15-00 00— 7—00 00-10-00 01 :00 :00 02—00-00 128 OLD STATE HOUSE KE-DEDICATION. paid Pliillip Whorton . paid Augusten Clement. paid Kicliai'd Woodde in provision [ ] paid John Phillips paid The Enions ..... paid Thomas Littcll thre dayes worke . Humphrey Bradshaw thre dayes worke Joseph Bonde ten shilings by S.amell Leniist George Bronie a bushel wheate paid William Paddy . paid Henry Kemhle paid Thomas Makepeace paid Joshua Hewes .... Ffrances Smitli paid Francis Douse paid John Pierce ..... paid Simon Eire .... paid Comfort .*^tarr paid Henry Phillips paid Henry Shrimpton Corne wood paid John Lowel .... paid George Munioy three pounds paid Jno. JoyliHe .... paid Amos Kiehardson . pd Edmund Grenleif . pd Edward Porter paid Nicholas Phillips . pd Thomas Harwood . paid Thomas Brattle paid Thomas Baker in Iron workes paid John Biggs in Shingle or worke paid Jo: Marshall in shoes paid Henry AUine [ ] . paid Hugh Drury .... paid John Collens .... paid Thomas Scotto paid Nathanell Thorn . ])aid John Pears .... paid William Reade paid Will. Tay .... ])aid Jo". Blacklach paid John Clough .... paid Sam" Davice .... paid Samuell Cole .... paid Christopher Gilison paid Robert Nanney paid Henry Bridgham . I)aid Thomas Waker paid Nathanell Reynolls John Hnwkincs tobaco . paid Arthur Masson paid Ann Carter 10s .. . paid James Dauis by Tho: Joy Gs & 4s more paid Daniel Turill .... paid Thomas Fitch paid Edmund Jacklin in glass or worke if I be contry when the house is to be glassed paid William Gilison paid Jeremy Castine in th' 02- 1- 01- 03- 1- 00- 00- 00- 00- 12- 00- 01- 00- 00 . 00- s-1- 1 . 01- 05- 10- 03- 03- 03 . 02 : 0- 1- 0- 1- 5— 01- 002- 01- 01- 01- 1- 1- 0- 1- 00- 00- 01- 00- 00- 02- 02- 02- 10- 12- 01- 01- 00- 00- 00- 01- 00- ■00-00 • 0— • 0— • 0— • 0— ■10— 10— 10— 04—00 - 0- ■10— 00 . 10— 10-00 09- ■00 — 10. ■00—00 ■00-00 ■00—00 ■00 00 ■00-00 00 . 00 00 . 00 -10— ■ 0— -10— ■00- - 0— ■00— •00-00 - 0— 00-00 -00 - 0— - 0— -10— - 0— -10—00 -10-00 -00-00 -10-00 -05—00 -00—00 -00—00 -00-00 00-00 -10-00 •00 00 •00-00 -10—00 -10 . 00 -10-00 00-00 -10-00 01—00=00 00—06—00 01—90-00 APPENDIX B. 129 paiil P'l paid paid pel 10s paid paid paid paid paid pd pd 5s paid paid paid paid Edmund Jackson by Tliomas Fay • Jlii'lis Tuwno in k'tlieT ..... William Englisli — in .shoes .... Joscpli Howe Twenty Shillings Samuel Norden in shoes .... Hohert Xasli in worke .... Matliew Barnes — paid 1 — 9 — 3 Thomas Dewer ...... William Corser ...... Bartholomew Cheever 30 s . Henery Messenger — paid .... Will. Colburn in [ ] or provision paid IGs Edward Goodwin ...... James Johnson in his Coniodityes . John Newgat promise to give five pound & in [ ] the preveledg of our [ ] . Thomas Bumsted of Boston promise Natha: Duncan ...... Peter Duncan ....... John Wiswall ....... Joseph Wise ....... 01—00-00 00— .">s— 00 02-00-00 01— 0— 00—10— 01—10—00 1—10-00 01—00— 00-10— 01—10— 0—10— 3 . 00 00 0— Ofi— 00 02 : 00 : 00 10—00-00 1—00-00 2 . . . ._ I— 10— 00 02—10— 2-00—00 APPEm)TX B. VOTES AND ACTS IN REGARD TO REBUILDING THE TOWN HOUSE AFTER ^HE FIRE IN 1711. To his Excellency Joseph Dudley Esqr Capt General & Governour in Chie- of Her Majestys Province of the Massachusetts Bay, the Honoble the Counf cil and the Representatives in General Court Assembled. Octobei 17. 1711. Tiie Humble Representation and Addresse of the Select Men of the Town of Boston. May it please your E.vcellency and Honours Amidst the Awfull Desolation & Consumption of Many Dwellings & much of the Substance of this Town by the fiery dispensation of Providence, It is a particular humbling and Afflictive .\rticle That the House for Publick Meet- ings on Civic Occasions for the Province, County & Town, viz' for the Meeting of the General Assembly, the Holdingof Councils, & Courts of Justice, & Town Meetings, is new lying Waste in its Ashes. We account it our Duty to lay the Consideration thereof before your Ex- cellency & this Hono'''° Assembly and humbly pray your Advice & Direction for the Restoring & Rebuilding of the House for those Publick Uses & about the place where to set the same That what is most Honorable for the Government may be done therein. And Crane Icaue to Subscribe Your Exci'ilcy & Honours Obedient humble Servants p Order and in the Name of the s'' .Select Men Josiii'n Pkout Town Clerk 130 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. In the House of Representatives October 22. 1711. Re.Tcl & Ordered tliat Samuel Appleton Josiali Cliapin .In" Clarke James Warren Esqrs, Major Thomas Fitcli Capt Simon Davis & Capt Samuel Phipps be a Committee to Joine with suoli as tlie llonoble Board shall appoint to Consider of this Addresse & Report their opinion of what is proper to be done therein. Sent up for Concurrence. * John Buurii.l Speaker. Die pred : In Council Read and concurred. And Elisha Hutchinson Samuel Sewall Nathl Payne & Thomas Noyes Esqrs Named of tlie Committee for tlie affair afores'', Elislia Hutcliinson Esqr to Appoint time & place I.SAAC Aduington Secretary. The above Committee Advise that there be a House built in or Near the place where the OUl Town House Stood for the Uses mentioned in the Memo- rial as convenient as may be without incommoding the Street The breadth not to Excecdc thirty six feet tlie length So as to be Convenient for the ends Men- tioned in the Addresse That a Committee be Appointed by this CoiiH to Takt Cure for the building as speedili/ ^•prudently as maybe The Cliarge thereof to be borne the one half by tlie Province, the other half by the Town of Boston & County of Suffolk in equal Proportion.' By Order of Major part of the Committee Elisua Hutchinson Nov 0"' 1711. In Council Read & sent down In the House of Representatives Nov 9"'. 1711. Read & Accepted with the Amendments. John Burhill Speaker, Novembe"' 10. 1711. In Council Read and Concurred And that Elisha Hutchinson and Penn Townsend Esq^'with snch as shall be Named by the Representatives be a committee for the affaair. The Committe to Advise witli bis Exc^y & such skillfull Gentlemen they may think fitte to be consulted with about the Model of the House Sent down for C'oncurrence Isaac Addington Secretary. In the House of Representatives Novemb'' 10. 1711. Read & Concurred And Addington Davenport Sam" Thaxter Esqr' & Capt. Phipps be Named for the office with libertie to the Town of Boston to Joine Two Persons More John Burkill Speaker Agreed to & Consented to by Jos: Dudley General Courts order for Rebuilding the Town House in Boston Novcm' 1711 Massachusetts Archives. Book 113. pp. 618 C19. In the House of Representatives Nov'-O'i- 1711. Resolved That the Sum of fforty Pounds, be Allowed, out of the publick Treasury to M' Benj": Johns, for the use this Court makes of his House, in a year, beginning the 17"': Octo' last (if they improve it so long) Fifteen *A copy of this report preserved by the Massachusetts Historical Society, is printed in the City volume on the Dedication of the present City Hall in 1S65. There is on it this menioran dum ; "Note, That the House is for Publick Meetings on Civil Occasions: for the Province, County and Town, viz, for the Meeting of the General Assembly, the Uoldiug of Councils and Courts of Justice, and Town meeting. APPENDIX B. 131 Poiinils thereof to be now drawn out of the Treasury, the Uemahuler as tliis Court sliall order. Sent up for Concurrence. John Cukrill Speaker In Council Nov' 10"> 1711. Read and concurred I.s-*: Addincton Scctr'y. Book 48 p. 420 Court Records, p. 244. Passed in House of Representatives, read and con- curred. Nov. 7 1712. Ordered that it he an Instruction to the Connnittee appointed to build tlie Province & Court House that tliey lit the East Clianiher for the Use of His Excellency the Governor & the Hon''"'' the Council, the Middle Chaniher for the House, the West Chamber for the Sup' & Inff Courts. Ordered that there he but two offices below stairs in the Province & Court House now Buildins; in Boston one for the Secretary the other for the Regis- ter of Deeds in the County of Suffolk, Consented to, J. Dudlev. In the House of Representatives. March 21 : 1711. Ordered That It be an Instruction to the Committee appointed to Build the Court House or Exchans^e in Boston, Tliat It lie not more than One Hundred & twelve, nor Icsse than one Hundred & ten ffeet in length. Sent up for Concurrence, John Burkili. Speaker In Council. March 21. 1711. P- 125. Read and Concurr'd I.s'* Addington Sccrj' At a Council held at the Council Chamber in Boston upon Saturday the 23"' of August 1712. The Committee for overseeing the building of the Court & Town House in Boston moving for a further supply of money Advised & consented That a Warrant be made out to the Treasurer to advance & pay to M' William Payne of the said Connnittee and deputed their treasurer tlie further sum of Five hundred pounds over and above the Five hundred pounds already drawn for at twice to be imployed for and about the said Building he to he accomptable for the disposal of it accordingly. Council Records, 1708 to 1712, page 598. At a Council held at the Council Chamber in Boston upon Friday the 15'i> February 1711. The Committee for the rebuilding of the Town & Court House in Boston now in hand with, [iroposing to have two hundred pounds advanced towards the s'' Building to be put into the hands of M"" William Payne by them deputed a Treasurer for paying of the workmen &c. Pursuant to the Grant of the General Assembly, Advised ■& consented That a Warrant be made out to the Treasurer to advance and pay the sum of Two hundred pounds to the said M' Payne for the use aforesaid upoiv Ac- compt accordingly. Council Records, page .522. At a Council held at the Council Chamber in Boston upon Monday, the 18"' of February 1711. An accompt of Disbursements by the Select men of Boston in repairs of the late Town house from Septemh'' .1"' 170!) to the time of its des(dation, amounting to Eleven pounds two shillings & one penny presented and 132 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. Pursuant to the Act of the General Assembly, Advised & considered That a Warrant he made out tliereupon to the Treasurer to pay Five pounds eleven shillings & one penny, i being one half of the afores"" Disburse to tlie Town Treasurer of Boston. At a Council held at the Council Chamber in Boston upon Monday the 29"' of December 1712. Present His Excellency Joseph Dudley Esq' Gov' Elisha Hutchinson W"> Hutchinson Andrew Belcher Peter Sergeant Esq™ Penn Townsend Esq" EdW Bronifield Esq" Isaac Addington Esq'. The Committee for overseeing the building of the Court & Town House in Boston moveing for a further supply of money for tliat occasion Pursuant to tlie Grant of the General Assembly. Advised & consented That a Warrant be made out to the Treasurer to ad- vance the further sum of Five hundred pounds (over vt above One thousand pounds already issued by several Draughts) to M' William Payne of the said Committee & deputed their Treasurer to be employed for and upon the said Building, He to be accomptable for the disposal of it accordingly. Council Records, page 639. At a Council held at the Council Chamber in Boston upon Mondav tlie fi"' of April 1713. Pursuant to a Resolve pnss'd by the General Assembly at their Session in March last, that the Treasu' be directed to supply the Treasurer of the Town of Boston with the sum of Four hundred & fifty pounds in the public bills of credit to be applyed towards the carrying on & finishing the Trtwn House or edifice now in building in Boston, as part of tlie Town's proportion of that charge, he taking good & sufficient security for the repaying of the s* sum into the Treasury again on or before the twentyeth day of February ne.xt Advised & consented That a Warrant be made out to the Treasurer to ad- vance & supply to M' Joseph Prout present Treasurer of the Town of Boston the aforesaid sum of Four luindred & fifty pounds in Bills of publick credit for the use aforesaid taking good & sufficient security for the repayment of the same again accordingly. Council Records, 1712 to 1718, page 22. At a Council held at the Council Chamber in Boston upon Wednesday April 29'!' 1713. Present His Excellency Joseph Dudley Esq'. Governour &s. Pursuant to the vote of the G<'neral Assembly at their Session in October 1711 for the raising of a new edifice within the town of Boston in or near the place where the Town House stood before the desolation thereof by fire for Publick Meetings on civil occasions for the use of the Province County & Town the charge thereof to be borne the one half by the Province the other half by the Town of Boston & county of Suffolk in equal proportion. Advised & consented that a Warrant be made to the Treasurer to advance & pay to M' William Payne of the Committee for overseeing the Building of the s"! House & deputed to their Treasurer the further sum of Five hundred pounds over & above what has been already advanced to him towards that work, he to be accomptable for the disposal of it accordingly. Council Records, 1712 to 1718, p. 32. At a Council held at the Council Chamber in Boston upon Wednesday, the 221 of July 17]3. M' William Payne of the Committee for overseeing the building of the Court & Town House in Boston & deputed their Treasurer luoving for a further supply of money towards defreying the charge thereof Advised & consented That a Warrant be luade out to the Treasurer to ad- vance & pay to the s'' William Payne of the Committee & Treasurer as aforesaid the further suiu of Five hundred pounds for that service to be eiuployed on & about the Building he to be accomptable for the disposal of it accordingly. Ibid., page 68. APPENDIX B. 133 August 27, 1713. Aecompt presented by M^ W"' Payne of expenses in tlic Council cliamber, wliere liis Exceli^J' was attemleil liy tlie Cimneil dfliecrs civil & military and otiier Gent and on the Kegiinent under their arms attend- ing His Excellency on the 24"' of August currant at the Publication of the Peace between Her Majesty & tlie French King amounting to Fourteen pounds & eight shilling. Advised & consented to pay the above sum. Ibid., p. 8G. March 10, 1713. Council Advised & consented to pay Mr William Payne of the Committee for overseeing the Building of the Town House in Boston the sum of seventy one pounds nine shillings and five pence being the balance remaining due from the Province to their part of the charge for building s is the Effects of Lands sold and in Equity ought to be so layd out as to raise and perpetuate an income to the Town. And in case sutable Application be made to the Gen" Court on the behalfe of this Town relating to the jiremisies, under the consideration of their Ex- cessive growing Charge and Exjifnces, & tlieir so great a loss by the Late Eire & that the Late Town-House W" was built at the Charge of y'' Inhabitants of this Town was for necr fifty years past made use of for all Publiek Occasions w"'out any other Cliarge to the Public then that for some of the Later years they have born part of y^' Charge of y'' Hepaires. And that the Town of Boston being the true and proper Owners of all that Land on w''" the said New building is now to be erected. It is presumed that they will readily agree unto so just and reasonable a proposal. Proposed By Joseph Prout Bead at y* begining of y" Town meeting y° 10"' of March 1711-12. APPENDIX C. PAPERS RELATING TO THE REBUILDING OF THE TOWN HOUSE IN 1747. In the House of Representatives Dec' 0, 1747 Ordered that the Select Men of the Town of Boston be desired to take care of the Materials belonging to the late Court House which are preserved from the Flames. Sent up for concurrence ^ T. Hutchinson Spkr. In Council DcC 9. 1747 Read & Concurr'd J. WiLL.\RD Secy Consented to W. ShirleV Massachusetts Afchivcs, Book 49. p. 204 APPENDIX C. 135 In the House of Representatives Dec. 0. 1747. Tlie House taking into further consideration the awful Providence of God this Morning in tlie destruction of the Court House and great part of the publielv Records by Fire. Ordered that tlie Speaker Col" Stoddard Col" Heath Col" Choate W Frost Capt Partridge and Col" Otis with such as the Hon'''^' Board shall .Toyn, be a Committee to Consider and Report what is necessary to be done by the Court at this Juncture. Sent up for concurrence T. HiiTcuiNsoN Spkr In Council Pee' 9. 17-t7. Read & Concurred, & JosiahWillard, Sam' Walley, John Cushing, John Quincy, John Chandler & And"' Oliver Esq's ar^. joined in y'' Affair J. ^yILI.ARI> Secy. Book 49. p. 205. Committee to provide Boards for the Court House Walls Dec. 10 1747. Entered In the House of Representatives Dec. 11, 1747. Ordered that IP Frost with such as the Hon''''' Board shall Joyne be directed to Contract for sixty thousand feet of ISoards forty thousand of tlieni Merchant- able and twenty thousand clear for the Service of the Province and Also three thousand feet of one Inch and half clear StufTand three thousand feet of Stuff for Window Frames Sent up for concurrence T. Hutchinson Spkr. In Council December 11* 1747. Read and Concurr'd and John Hill Esq' is Joyned in the Affair J. WiLLARD Secry Book 49. p. 206. Consented to W. Siiiklky. In the House of Representatives Dec' 11"' 1747 Ordered that the Select Men of Boston be desired and inipowcrcd to Secure the Walls of the late Court House from the inconveniences of the Weather by Causing the same to be covered with Boards in the best and cheapest manner Sent up for concurrence T. Hutchinson Spkr In Council Dec' 11 1747 Read and Concurr'd J. Wii.LARD Secrv. Book 49. p". 207. In the House of Representatives March 3, 1747 Ordered that Col" Hale Col" Otis M' Boardnian M' Fore and M' Hub- bard with such as the Hon''' Board shall a])pciint be a Connnittee to Consider and Report a proper place in the Town of Boston for building a New Court House Sent up for concurrence T. Hutchinson Spkr. In Council March 3, 1747. Read & Concur'd And Jacob Wendell, Samuel Danforth, Sam' Watts, .Tohn Chandler, & Ezekiel Chevcr Esq"=. are joined in the Affair J. WiLLARi) Secry Book 49. p. 510 136 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. In the House of Representatives 9 Marcli 1747 Voted that tlie hite Court House in the Town of Boston lie Repaired as soon as eonveniently niay he & tliat one half the Charsre tliereof lie home by the Province the other half hy the County of Suffolk & the Town of Boston Sent up for concurrence T. Hutchinson Spkr. In Council, March 9, 1717; Read & Coneur'd, J. WiLLAUD Secry Consented to W. Shirley Book 49, p. 211 In the House of Representatives March 11, 1747. Whereas it has been determined by this Court that the late Court House should be repaired, and that one half the Charge should be born hy the Coun- tv of Suffolk and the Town of Boston, but the proportion between the County and Town is not settled by said vote. Resolved that one quarter part of the Chari^e of repairing s'' House be horn hy the said County, and one quarter part by said Town. Also voted that M' Speaker M' Hubbard and M' .\llen with such as tlie Hon'''' Board shall Joyn be a Comin™ to Purchase and Procure proper Materials to Ert'eil the repair of said House agreealile to the vote of the 10"' Curr'. .\lso to Prepare a Plan of the Inside Work that the room may be so dispos'd as will he most beneficial to the Province County and Town. And that they Lay the same before this Court, with an Estimate of the Charge at their next sitting Sent up for concurrence T. Hutchinson Spkr. In Council ; Mar. 10. 1747; Read & Coneur'd & Jacob Wendell & Andrew Olliver Esq"^. are Joined in the Aflair J. WiLLARD Secry. Consented to, W. Shirley Book 49. 212, 213. The Committee appointed the 11 Ins* to procure Materials to eft'ect the Re- pairs of the Court House & to prepare a Plan & make an Estimate of the Charge, have divers times met, & consulted Workmen thereupon : and beg leave to report That in obedience to the order of the HonWo General Court, they have taken measures for procuring the Lumber needful for this purpose & have actually agreed for a great part of it. The Committee herewith present a Plan of the inside Work, which they apprehend will be the most commodious & best answer the design of the Building; and upon the best information they can obtain they judge that the said Repairs will amount to Eighteen thousand One luindred & four Pounds old tenf as by the Estimate herewith, all which is humbly submitted. Jacob Wendell by order March 31 : 1748 In Council April 7. 1747. Read & sent down. In the House of Representatives 12' April 1748 Read and Ordered that the Committee be directed to Proceed & cause the Court House to be rebuilt agreeable to the Plan laid before the Court with this Report. Sent up for concurrence T. Hutchinson Spkr In Council April 13, 1748 ; Read & Coneur'd J. Willard Secry. Consented to W. Shirley. Book 49. pp. 214, 215. APPENDIX C. 137 In the House of Representatives April 8. 1748 Voted that the Treasurer be directed to Pay into the hands of the Coni- niittoe for pureliasin;; Materials for huiUling a Court House the Sum of One hundred pounds out of the Appropriation for payment of matters & things for which there is no Establishment. The said Connn« to be accountable Sent up for concurrence T. Hutchinson Spkr. In Council April 9"'. 1748. Read & Concur"d J. Willard Secry. Consented to W SniELEY. Book 49. p. 21G In the House of Representatives June 15 1748 Voted that the Committee app'^'' to take care of the rebuilding the Court House be allowed to receive out of the publick Treasury the Sum of fifteen hundred pounds to Enable them to Proceed in that Atfair. The said Com- mittee to be accountable. Sent up for concurrence T Hutchinson Spkr In Council June 15 1748 Read and Concurr'd J. Willard Secry. Consented to W. Shirley. Book 49. p. 228. In the House of Representatives Nov 22, 1748. Ordered that tlie Sum of fifteen Hundred i)ounds be paid out of the Treasury into the hands of the Comnr" app''^"' to take care of the repairs of the Town House &c They to be accountable Sent up for concurrence T. Hutchinson Spkr. In Council Nov'. 22. 1748 Read & Coneur'd J. Willard Secry. Consented to W. Shirley. Book 49. p. 2.38 To The Hon'"''^ : Spencer Phips Esq' : Leiv' Governour and Commander in cheif in and over his Majesty's Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New Eng- land, To the Hon' his Majesty's Council, and to the Honb' the House of Representatives in General Court Assembled, The Petition of Abigail Halyburton of Boston Widow, humbly sheweth. That in the year 1747 when tlie Court House was consumed by Fire, his Majesty's Council took a Room in the House slie had hired of Madam Stod- dard, for which she did not intend to trouble your Honour and this Hon^e Court about, but on her Settling her Accounts of Rent with said Mad"' Stod- dard lately she h.ad obliged her to pay Thirty four Pounds old Tencu' for the Rent of that House, when she had no other Improvement for it than for his Majesty's Council to sit in as aforesaid, j'our Memorialist begs leave further to represent, th.at at the same Time at Col" Pollard's request she was at about Eight Pounds old Tenor costs for Forms for the Council Use, and she has had no Allowance for either Forms, or Rents therefore she prays your Honours to take the Premises into consideration & make her such Allowance as you ir. your great Wisdom shall think proper and as in Duty bound shall ever pray Abigaill Hallyburton Book 49. p. 262. 138 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. In the House of R'=P'-<;'f"'^''^''^ji'^"/,{° pgl be so for granted as that the Read and 0';^ '^-f ' '^ '^W k t1 v the S^nn of thfee pounds in full' K: ^^y:::^o:^:^^^^^ro..,in .. service of the Province when the late Court House was Consumed by fire. Sent up for concurrence J. DwiGHT Spkr. In Council Jan. 10. 1749 Read & Concur'd ^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ Consented to g pmpg. p. 263. In the House f ^^^''''"'':'}'f'.-Jl^^^ ^^^^ Committee appointed Ordered that t .e ri;oasure> be duecR^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^,^^^^^^„^ "^^ r::ful MonTto b^^S tKaid to the workmen .c Who have per- '"The sai'] Cmnm'e ^ be accountable for their doings to this Court. Sent up for concurrence ^^^^ Hubbard Spkr pro Tempore In Council Jan. 26, 1749 ; Read & concur'd ^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^_^ Consented to g pmps Book 49, p. 264. In the House of K<^presentatives March 31 1^^ ^^ ^^^ CorS:Ltt^'drre^ctr;f ^rSrcorfu;on\he Tab. as Ln as may Sent up for concurrence ^^^^ Hubbari> Spkr pro Tempas. In Council March 31 1750 Holbrook Dep'y Secry Read and Concurred Consented to g p^pj^. p, 266. In the House of RfP^^^^^j^'^lit nound; Ihfrteen shillings and four pence Ordered that the Sum of Six y Six pounds tmrtee - ^ repairing ^:^io^Xt^^^:^'^^^^ ^l -uble in taking care of said Repairs &c. to be equally proportiond among them. Sent up for concurrence ^ Hdbbabd Spkr pro Tempore In Council April 19. 1750 Read & Concur'd ^^^^^ holbrook Dy Seery Consented to g pjups Book 49. p. 277. At a Great ^Oener^ Cot.tc. Assembly ^;^;>f ^^Snu^Xi^-S S^r ^:mi;i^o:.^S^ie^;"us Majestys Writts. Friday Octo- 5. IToO ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^,i, ,;„„ ,^ Town Houset Bo° "rn wasTthe General Coui^ordered^^b^P^^ paid in full. — W.H.W. APPENDIX C. 139 the Province, one quarter part thereof by the Town of Boston, & the other quarter part thereof hy tlie County of Suflblk, & it has been resolved by the General Court tliat the saiil Town & County shall pay the same proportion in the late Repairs tlicreof, the whole Charge of whieh Repairs amounts to thirty seven hundred & five pounds eleven Shillings & four pence Lawful money ; Wherefore Ordered that the Town of Boston aforesaid pay into the Province Treasury Nine hundred twenty six pounds seven shillings & ten pence, being one quarter part of the Charge of said Repairs; And the Province Treasurer is hereby ordered & directed to proportion the Sum of Nine hundred & twenty six pounds seven shillings & ten pence, to and among the Towns in the County of Suffolk, according to the Proportion whicli each Town in said County l)ore, one to tlie other, in the last Province Tax; And the Treasurer is further Ordered to give out his Warrants to the Assessors of the Town of Boston for the year 1750 requiring them to Assess the Sum of Nine hundred twenty six pounds seven shillings & ten pence on the Polls cS; Estates in the said Town of Boston, according to the Direction of the last Province Tax Act, & also to give out his Warrants to the Assessors of the several Towns in said County of Sulfolk, requiring them to assess on Polls & Estates in their respective Towns their proportionable Parts of the said sum of Nine hundred & twenty six pounds seven shillings & ton ponce by the same Rule aforesaid : And the said Treasurer & the Assessors aforesaid, and the Collectors and Constables to wlioui the Assessment for the Tax aforesaid shall be committed, be & hereby are fully impowered & directed to act in their respective offices for the enforcing the Paj'ment of said sums into the Province Treasury on or before the last day of March next, in all respects, as by the Law of this province, said Officers are impowered to do for the enforcing the Payments of Province Taxes. In Council; Read & Non Concur'd A true Copy as of Record Attesf Saml Holbrook D Seery. Book 49. p. 298. Dec. 9. 1747. In the House of Represent.alives, Ordered that M' Frost, Cap'. Partridge & Col". Otis with such as the Hon'"''. Board shall appoint be a Committee to inquire after & secure any Books Records & Papers that may have been preserved from the Flames, which consumed the Court House this morning. Ill Council Read & Concur'd ; and Josiah Willard, Samuel Welles & Andrew Oliver Esq"5 are joined in the Affair. Court Records p. 273, 274. In the House of Representatives. Ordered that the Select men of Boston be desired & impowered to secure the Walls of the late Court House from the Inconveniences of the Weather by causing them to be covered with Boards in the best & cheapest manner. In Council, Read & Concur'd. Con- sented to by the Governour. p:.278 March 2, 1747. [i.e., 1747-48.] His Excellenc)' sent the following Message to the House by the Secretary, viz' Gentleuicn of the House of Representatives At the beginning of this Session I recommended to you the making Provi- sion for a Court House, I was in hopes the Inconvenience you sutler in your present Situation would have prompted you to have given Dispatch to this Affair, but perceiving it is still delayed, I must desire you to resume the Con- sideration, lest the General Court sliou'd be put to the same Difficulties an other Winter. p. 305. 140 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. April 13, 1748. Jacob Wendell Esq'', from the Committee appointed to take Care of the rebuilding of tlie Court House gave in the following Keport, viz'. The Committee appointed the 10"" of March last to procure Materials to effect the Repairs of the Court House, & to prepare a Plan, & make an Estimate of the Cliarge have divers times met & consulted Work men there upon & beg Leave to Report, — That in Obedience to the Order of the Hon'''''. General Court they have taken Measures for procuring the Lumber needful for this Purpose, & have actually agreed for a great part of it. The Committee herewith present a Plan of the Inside Work wliieh they apprehend will be the most commodious, & best answer the Design of tlie Building; And upon tlie best Information they can olitain tliey Judge that the said Repairs will Amount to Eighteen thousand, one hundred & four Pounds old Tenor, as by the Estimate herewith. March 31, 1748 All -wliich is respectfully submitted Jacob Wendell p'' order In the House of Representatives. Read & Ordered tliat the Committee be directed to proceed, & cause the Court House to be relniilt, agreeable to the Plan hiid before tlie Court with this Report. In Council ; Read & Concur'd Consented to by the Governo^ Court Records, p. 330. April 23 1748. In the House of Representatives. Voted that the Treasurer be directed to pay into the hands of the Com- mittee for rebuilding the late Court House, the Sum of Five Hundred Pounds, such sum to be taken of the Appropriation where there is no Establishment; The said Comni'"'. to be Acconiptable. In Council ; Read & Concur'd. Consented to by the Governour. p. 345. April 20, 1749. In the House of Representatives. Ordered that the Sum of Twelve Hundred & fifty Pounds be paid out of the Publick Treasury to the Committee appointed to effect tlie Repairs of the Court House in Boston, the said Comniittee to be accountable. In Council; Read & Concur'd Consented to by the Governour p. 477. April 25, 1751. In the House of Representatives : Whereas the Charge of building the Town House in Boston was by the General Court ordered to be paid one half by the Province, one Quarter part thereof by the Town of Boston, and the other Quarter part thereof by the County of Suffolk, ,Vnd it has been Resolved by the General Court that the said Town & County shall pay the same Proportion in the late Repairs thereof: The whole Charge of which Repairs amounts to thirty seven hundred five Pounds eleven shillings & four pence Lawful Money : Wherefore Ordered that The Town of Boston aforesaid ]iay into the Province Treas- ury nine hundred twenty six Pounds seven shillings & ten pence beeing One Quarter part of tlie Cliarge of Said Repairs, And tliat the County of Suffolk pay into the Province Treasury Nine hundred Twenty six Pounds seven shillings & ten pence being also one Quarter part of the Charge of said Repairs, and the Province Treasurer is hereby Ordered & directed to propor- tion the Sum of Nine hundred twenty six Pounds seven shillings & ten pence to & among the Towns in the County of Suffolk, according to the Proportion, which each Town in said County bears one to another in the present valu.ation. And the Treasurer is further ordered to give his Warrants to the Assessors APPENDIX D. 141 of the Town of Boston, for tlio year 1750, requiring tliem to assess the Siim of Nine hundretl twenty six Pounds eleven shillings & Ten pence on the Polls & Estates in tlie said Town of IJoston, according to the Direction in tlie jn'esent Valuation, and also to give out his Warrants to the Assessors of the several Towns in said County ol'Suflblk, requiring them to assess on Polls & Estates in their respective Towns their proportionable part of s'' Sum of Nine liun- dred twenty six Pounds seven shillings & ten pence by the same Hide afore- said. And the said Treasurer & the assessors aforesaid & the Collectors & Constables, to whom the Assessment for the Tax aforesaid shall be committed be & hereby are fully impowered & directed to act in their respective Offices, for the Enforcing the Payment of said Sums into the Province Treasury on or before the last day of March next in all Respects as by the Law of this Province said Officers are impowered to do for enforcing the Payment of Province Taxes. In Council Read & Concur'd Consented to by the Lieu' Govern^ page 337. APPENDIX D. THE LION AND THE UNICORN. (See ante, p. G5.) la delivering tliis .iddress, reference was made to the Liou and Unicorn, which adorned the eastern front of the building, as " Eoyal Arms," and the words were retained, though not techni- cally correct. Correctly speaking, there are no arms shown on the building ; the two wooden figures being only the supporters of a shield whose outline only is indicated. The first question to con- sider in deciding what this shield would nattirally be, is, "Does the use of the Lion and Unicorn, as supporters, necessarily imply the presence of the arms of Great Britain, or of the ruling fam- ily?" The answer must be in the negative. For example, good authorities state that the Dukes of Northumberland long used these supporters. The fact more to the point is, tliat they were often used in connection with the arms of various colonies. In September, 1686, King James II. granted to the New England Colonies, then governed by Audros, a great seal, both sides of which are shown in the annexed eugraviugrs. 142 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. lu the following year Kiug James granted a .si.'al to New York, one side bearing the Royal Arms, with the Garter Crown Support- ers and Motto, with the inscription, "SigilKim Provincise Nostrte Novi Eboraei, etc., in America." (Historical Mag., April, 1862.) It is belieyed that similar grants were made to other colonies, es- pecially to New Hampshire. Under the Second Charter of Massachusetts a change was neces- .sary, as that provided for a " piiblique seal to bo appointed by the Crown." The following engravings show the two different forms which this seal assumed from A.D. 1692 to the Revolution : — APPENDIX D. 143 It has not seemed worth while to push this iuqiiiry us to the exact dates of the first and last use of each form ; but Mr. Thomas C. Amor}-, in a careful essay printed in the Proc,eedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society for December, 1867, thinks that the second form came into use about September, 1728, when the Supplemental Charter of George I. came into effect. At the ac- cession of George III. the seal was changed in respect to his name, but not otherwise. Of course this seal ceased to be used at the Revolution. If will be seen, however, that for some fifty 3-ears the seal of Massachusetts was a shield of the Royal Arms, with the Lion and Unicorn for supporters, and an inscription denoting that they were used for and in behalf of the Province. In the interesting painter's bill, printed (ante, p. 64), it appears that within the building were carved representations of the Colony Arms as dis- tinct from the King's Arms. Although no specimen is now known of these Colony Arms, it cannot be doubted that they were the same as those on the Great Seal. It is, therefore, at least as probable that these supporters would imply the Province coat-of-arms, as the Royal Arms. But in reality there was no distinction between them, and it would seem to be an unnecessary stretch of fancy to insist upon seeing in these inoffensive wooden images a reminder of British rule, rather than of the glorious Provincial Government, that precursor aud creator of our later free State. So long as the emblems have at least an equal claim to be viewed as Provincial insignia, and especially as it would be im- possible to use auj' other heraldic ornaments to denote that period, there seem to be sound grounds for us to retain these figures. As to their removal by our forefathers, it is necessary to say only that, at that date, such an act had a meaning. It was the visible token of the revolt against royalty, and was, therefore. 144 OLD STATE HOUSE EE-DEDICATION. right aud proper. But now that republicanism is established, and the continuance of royalty even in Europe is so problematical, no one can fear the result 'of showing to the world this evidence of our former condition. The loyalty of our people to their chosen form of government does not depend upon any falsification of history. The Lion and the Unicorn were the property of our an- cestors in this country, and we have the right to use them in any place where their presence is instructive. The date of the removal of these figures has not been definitely ascertained. The note on p. 93 makes it probable that they did not remain later than July 18, 177G ; but as the American troops occupied the town four mouths earlier, the change may have taken place before this. The destruction of royalist emblems was not so extensive as the newspaper asserts, since the King's Arms were removed from the Council Chamber by loyalists, and sent to St. John, N.B., where they now decorate a church; and the similar carving from the Province House is now in the possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and is, temporarily, placed on exhibition in the Old State House. APPENDIX E. FANEUIL HALL. As Faneuil Hall has been so intimately connected with the his- tory of Boston, it seems proper to insert a short account of the building, aud especially to point out the changes which it has ex- perienced, as the comparison with the Old State House, on the point of genuineness, will not be to the discredit of the latter. As is well-known, Peter Faueuil, in 1740, offered to build and present to the town a market-house. On July 17th, at a town APPENDIX E. 145 meeting, a ■Note of thanks for the offer was unanimously passed, but the aecoptauce was carried only by a majority of seven votes in a total of 727, so wedded were our ancestors to their old ways of marketing. Sept. 10, 1742, Mr. Samuel Ruggles, who was employed in building the market-house, delivered over the key to the select- men, and on the 13th a town meeting was held. On motion of John Jeffries, Esq., the following vote was passed : — " Whereas, information was given to this town at their meeting in July, 1740, that Peter Faneuil, Esq., had been generously pleased to offer at his own proper cost aud charge, to erect and build a noble und complete structure or edifice, to be improved for a market, for the sole use, benefit and advantage of the Town, provided the town of Boston would pass a vote for that purpose, and lay the same under such regulations as shall be thought nec- essary, and constantly support it for the said use. " And, whereas, at the said meeting it was determined to accept of the offer or proposal aforesaid ; and also voted that the select- men should be desired to wait upon Peter Faneuil, Esq., and to present the thanks of the Town to him, and also to acquaint him that the town have by their vote come to a resolution to accept of his generous offer of erecting a market-house on Dock square, according to his proposal. " And, whereas, Peter Faneuil, Esq., has in pursuance thereof, at a very great expense, erected a noble structure far exceeding his first proposal, inasmuch as it contains not only a large and suffi- cient accommodation for a Market place, but has also superadded a spacious and most beautiful Town Hall over it, and several other convenient rooms which may prove very beneficial to the town for offices, or otherwise ; aud the said building being now finished, has delivered possession thereof to the Selectmen, for the use of the town. It is, tlierefore, " Voted, that the town do with the utmost gratitude, receive and 146 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DET)ICATION. accept this most generous and noble benefaction, for the uses and intentions they are designed for; and do appoint the Hon. Thomas dishing, Esq., the Moderator of this meeting, the Hon. Adam Winthrop, Edward Hutchinson, Ezekiel Lewis, Samuel Waldo, Thomas Hutchinson, Esquires ; the Selectmen and Representatives of the town of Boston, with the Hon. Jacob Wendell, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, Capt. Nathaniel Cunningham, Peter Chardon, and Charles Apthorp, Esquires, to wait on Peter Fan- euil, Esq., in the name of the Town, to render him their most hearty thanks for so bountiful a gift ; with their prayers that this and other expressions of his Ijounty and charity may be abundantly recompensed with the divine blessing." " It was then voted unanimously that, in testmiony of the Town's gratitude to the said Peter Faneuil, Esq., and to perpetuate his memory, the Hall over the market place be named Faneuil Hall, to be at all times hereafter called and known by that name. " As a further testimony of respect it was A'oted that Mr. Fan- euU's picture be drawn at full length at the expense of the town, and placed in the Hall, and the Selectmen were charged with the commission, which was accordingly executed." (Snow's. Hist, of Boston, p. 234.) March 14, 1744, the town voted to purchase the Faneuil arms, elegantly carved and gilt, bj' Moses Deshon, to be fixed in the Hall. On Tuesday, January 13, 1761, during a spell of extremely cold weather, a fire broke out in oue of the shops opposite the north side of Faneuil Hall, and consumed the row of wooden buildings there. The fire "communicated itself to that stately edifice, Faneuil Hall Market, the whole of which was entirely con- sumed, except the brick walls, which are left standing." The "records and papers, with such other things as could be con- veniently removed, were mostly saved." The first meeting at Faneuil Hall after it was repaired was on March 14, 1763, when James Otis, Jr., delivered an address. Some slight alter- # WAM APPENDIX F. 147 atious were made iu some parts of the work, but the size of the building remained the same. (Snow's Hist., p. 247.) The two views here given, one from the Massachusetts Maga- zine for March, 1789, and the otlier, from Snow's History iu 182G, show the Revolutionary building and the present one. The white lines in Snow's view indicate the proportion of old material in the existing Hall. In 1805 the enlargement was made, doubling the width of the building and adding a third story. The first Hall was calculated to hold one thousand persons, but, as we have noted before, whenever a large town meeting was held it adjourned to the Old South Church for additional room. APPENDIX F. THE COURT HOUSE, OR OLD CITY HALL. But little has been printed in regard to the building on School street, occupied as the First City Hall from 1822 to 1830, and again from 1840 to 18G2. The handsome volume, descriptive of our New City Hall, printed in 186G, begins its record only with the measures which, in 1838, led to the second occupancy of the old building upon the removal, in 1840, from the Old State House. In fact, on p. 44 of that document, it is said that Faneuil Hall was the first City Hall, and was so used from 1822 to 1830. This is clearly incorrect, as the following statements will show ; for we must regard that building as the City Hall, in which the Mayor and Aldermen and the Common Council held their meetings, and where the greater part of the departments had their offices. The earliest view of this Court House is found in the ' ' Polyan- thos " for September, 1813, which is here copied. 148 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. In Snow's History of Boston, printed in 1826, he describes the stoue Court House, in Court square, as built in 1810. "The lower story of the centre is improved by the Registrar of Deeds and Clerk of the C. C. P. ; the second story by the County Courts ; and the upper by the Common Council of the city. The Mayor and Aldermen's room is in tliu upper story of the western wing ; under that are the offices of the Auditor and City Marsh- al ; and on the lower floor the Probate Office. In the eastern wing are the offices of the clerk of the S. J. Court-rooms, for the judges, and for the juries, and one occupied by the Law Li- brary." In Bowen's Picture of Boston, printed in 1829, is a description of the offices. "The Mayor and Aldermen's room is a plain but convenient apartment in the third story of the west wing of the Stone Court House, Court Square in School street. A railing runs across the middle, dividing it into two divisions, the south, side being for the accommodation of visitors, who are provided with settees ; the north side has an elevated floor, which is car- peted. The chairs and tables are so arranged as to make half a circle, the Mayor's chair in the centre and raised above the others." " The Common Council hold their sessions in the same building with the Board of Aldermen. The Council room is in the third story, and in the centre of the building. The President's seat is elevated at one side of the room, and the seats of the members are very conveniently arranged, having a gradual ascent from front to rear." The City Clerk's office was in the Aldermen's room ; the Clerk of the Common Council had an office in the brick building oppo- site the south-west door of the Court House ; the Assessors were at Faneuil Hall, the Treasurer in the room at the westerly end of the Old State House ; the Auditor at the west end of the Court House ; the City Marshall, the Health Commissioners, and the Superintendent of Burying Grounds, were in the west end of the APPENDIX F. 149 Court House, north side. All these were so located by an ordi- nance dated Dec. 20, 1824. Mayor Quincy, in his inaugural address, in January, 1827, dwelt upon the iniportanee of iMinging all these departments of the City Government under one roof. His plan was to erect a building on the west end of Faneuil Hall, giving up the Council Chamber to the Court of Common Pleas, and building a new chamber in the Stone Court House, for the United States Court. He also proposed to sell the land in Court square formerly cov- ered by the Jail. As we know, this plan did not prove acceptable ; and, in 1830, the city converted the Old State House into a City Hall. As there have been so many changes in and about Court square, it is worth while to explain them. From a very early date the Jail was placed in the centre of Court square. Pemberton, in 1 794, writes : " The new Stone Jail is a large, commodious building, and stands on the ground wliere formerly was a wooden building called the Debtor's Jail, a little l)aek from Court (formerly Queen) street. The inside was set on fire by some prisoners confined in it, the 30th June, 1769. It has since been repaired, is three stories in height, and is divided into three parts with biick par- titions, cased with plank and iron. The upper story is appro- priated to debtors. The entrance to the Jail is by three strong doors in front. " The new Court House is built on the front of the said street, partlj- on the ground where the old stone jail stood, which made an uncouth appearance and was taken down. It is a large, hand- some building of brick, three stories high, and has on the roof an octagon cupola. The lower floor is used partly for walking, and has on it the probate office and the ofllce of the county registrar of deeds. In the second st«ry, the floor of which is supported by pillars of the Tuscan order, are held the courts of law. In the 150 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-UEDICATION. second and third stories are couveuient rooms for the grand and petit jurors, and for offices." The annexed plans show the location of the buildings in 1800 and 1814, and a view of the east end of this Court House is found in Salmon's picture, in 1829, from the top of Pembertou Hill. (See ante, p. 104.) Shaw, in 1817, repeats these descriptions substantially, adding that the building was of brick, that the cupola contained a bell, and that on the lower floor were the offices of the U. S. District Marshal, Sheriff of the County, Clerk of the Municipal Court, the Provident Institution or Savings-Bank, and several private offices. In the second stor^- were held the Circuit and District Courts of the U. S., and there was the office of the Dis- trict Clerk. "This buihling, before the erection of the new Court House, was used by all the Courts of Law held in the County." He adds that the jail is 90 feet long and 23 feet broad, and is four stories high. The Old county Court House had then been given up to other uses, and the explanation is, that by Chap. 73 of Acts of 1809 (dated March 1, 1810), the Justices of the Court of Com- mon Pleas for Suffolk were empowered to purchase any lands between Court street and School street, in Boston, for erecting a Court House for said county, and making proper avenues to and around the same, to sell or exchange any land there belonging to the county and to borrow money and build a Court House. Undoubtedly the work was promptly performed. Shaw thus describes it : " The New Court House is 140 feet long, consists of an octagon centre 55 feet wide, two stories, two wings of three stories, 26 by 40 feet, connected by the entrance and passages to the centre ; contains two court-rooms in the centre, one smaller in one wing, Probate Office, Register of Deeds, Clerks of Supreme and Common Pleas Court, rooms for Judges and Law Library, APPENDIX F. 151 rooms for Grand and Petit Juries. The cost of this building was $98,817.10." Snow, in his admirable history of Boston, in 1824 gives the annexed view of the Stone Court House, which he tried to per- suade the public to call "Johnson Hall." He writes : "The lower story of the centre is improved by the Register of Deeds and Clerk of the C. C. P. ; the second story by the Couuty Courts, and the upper bj' the Common Council of the city. The mayor and aldermen's room is in the upper stoi-y of the west wiug ; under that are the offices of the Auditor and City Marshal, and on the lower floor the Probate Office. In the eastern wing are the offices of the Clerk of the S. J. court rooms, for the judges and for the juries, and one occupied by the Law Library." As already noted, the Old State House was occupied as a City Hall, September 17, 1830, and so remained for ten years. In 18.39 the City Council appropriated $60,000 for the purchase of land in Court square and ou School street, and $500 as a premium for a plan for a new City Hall. City Doc. No. 9, of 1840, reports that they had plans from Asher Benjamin, Eichard Bond, and G. J. F. Bryant, costing from $28,000 to $24,000 for alterations of the County Court House for this purpose ; one from Coruelius Coolidge for $25,000 ; one for $12,000 from a per- son unnamed, and one from Charles Roath, for inside work, at $3,400. These plans, or some of about that date, are still pre- served in the Cit3- Architect's office. We annex a view copied from the "Sketches of Boston," printed in 1851. An addition has since been built on the west end. ' To tr.ice the history of the Court House on Court street, it should be stated that, according to Snow, " tlie County Gaol, in Leverett street, and tlie House of Correction connected with it, and the Municipal Court-llouse, all of which are handsome, stone buildings, were commenced several years since, but were not finished and occupied till the year 1822. In 1823 the old gaol was taken down, and its materials were partly used in constructing the Gun-Hi)use and Ward-Hoom on Thatcher street." 152 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. None of these plans were adopted, but after a long dispute between the branches, it was decided, Jul}' 27, 1840, to fit up the old Court House. " According to a third plan, keeping the en- trances as they now are, the present stairs might be taken away, and new stairs carried up in the rear of the main part of the building, conforming precisely in the second and third stories, in all the arrangements to the plan heretofore submitted to the Coun- cil by Mr. Preston," and costing $9,475. To this sum was to be added 83,000 for an iron fence, and grading the land in front ; $1,000 for gas fixtures, and $1,000 for heating apparatus. On March 18, 1841, a convention of both branches was held to dedicate the new City Hall, and the Mayor, Jonathan Chap- man, delivered an address. However convenient the Hall may have proved, there seems to have been very little pride evinced in its external appearance. At least, while nearly everj' other large building in the city has been made familiar to us by numerous en- gravings, probably the oulj' artistic picture of this Hall during its second civic occupaucy, is the one engraved by a German, F. Coth, in 1856, and published in Munich. This is only one of a series of views illustrative of Boston, on one large plate. A re- production is annexed. A small wood-cut of the City Hall, is, however, given on p. 29 of a guide-book published in 1865, entitled, "Boston Sights," edited by R. L. Midgiey. A view also appears on the title-page of the Boston Directory from 1853 to 1859. It is well-remembered that the increase in the city's affairs soon rendered this City Hall too contracted for usefulness, and that measures were taken for constructing a new buildiug. A com- mittee, in 1862, submitted a plan at an estimated cost of $160,000, and the corner-stoue was laid Dec. 22, 1862. The size of the new building allowed the foundation and front wall to lie erected, and prepared for the corner-stone, while the City Government occupied the old City Hall. The last meeting of the Board of Al- dermen therein was on January 7, 1863 ; and on January 12, APPENDIX G. 153 the Board met at the Mechauics' Hall, on the corner of Bedford and Chauncy streets, where rooms had been hired for the City Council, and some departments. Here then was the actual City Hall for more than eighteen months, the last session of the Board there being on Saturday, September 10, 1865. On the Monday following, a convention of both branches was held at the New City Hall to dedicate it, and that building has since remained in use, although no longer capable of housing all the departments of the government under its roof. The estimated cost was $160,000, though no one expected that the expense would be covered by that sum. Some changes were made in the plan, but the great apparent increase in the price paid was caused by the premium on gold. Accordingly, the com- mittee in charge felt authorized to claim that the total expense of $505,191.42 as paid, was not owing to any extravagance or in- crease of plans. The exterior of the building has proved entirely satisfactory, and engraved views are numerous. The prediction may be hazarded that some further change in City Hall, by the addition of the Court-House building or other- wise, will be made in the near future. APPENDIX G. City Hall, Boston, Oct. 1, 1882. Alderman William Woollet, Chairman of the Committee in charge of the Restoration of the Old State House : — Dear Sir, — In the reconstruction and restoration of any structure it will be understood that the result must largely depend upon the knowledge at hand of its original character. In the case of the Old State House, to ascertain this was not 154 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. altogether an easy task, but with the aid of Mr. W. H. Whit- more, an active member of your committee, and who was en- tirelj' familiar with its early historj', much of the difficulty was overcome in the start. The following is an authentic statement of the evidences which were found of the original condition of the old building, and which have detennined the work of restoration. In order to ascertain if there were any hidden traces left of the original interior, a careful carpenter was first employed to make a thorough examination ; this work was carried on for more than four weeks, under the immediate observation of Mr. Whitmore and myself ; several important indications were thus brought to light ; in fact, the exact location of all the original partitions of the second story was determined : upon removing the plastering, the outline of the original partition caps was found, which had been cut in between the old furriugs. Also, corresponding indications were found upon the old uuder-floors, wliieh, by the way, had been covered at different periods by two, and in some places by three, upper or finish-floors. These in- dications upon the original under-floors also gave me the posi- tion of all the doors, their thresholds being clearly defined by openings directly through the under floor, as in the case of thresholds in old buildings of that date. But the most important development of all was the opening up of the original framing in the second floor around the circular staircase, as represented in the accompanying diagram. There was one mysterious circumstance in connection with this framing, — the centre of the circular gallery of the staircase was found to be one foot from the centre of the circular hall surrounding it, when they would both be natu- rally drawn from one centre. This was explained, however, in good time, by the fortunate discovery of the original plans of the building, they having been found by Mr. Whitmore at Cin- cinnati ; the reason of the diflerence in the two centres was at APPENDIX G. l,jO once apparent, it having been purposely arranged to equalize a certain amoimt of room gained through a peculiar manner of terminating the staircase on the second-floor landing. The plan of the interior having been determined, and the nature of the accommodations, next came the treatment of finish, and the character of the architecture. Sketches and a careful study were at ouce made of all the buildings erected in this vicinity, of about the date of the Old State House ; among them, several dwellings at the North End, Christ Church, Hancock House, King's Chapel, Royall House at Medford, the Gov. .Shirley House at Roxbury, several public and private buildings at Salem, Newbury port, and Portsmouth were carefully exam- ined. With these studies and the several wood-cuts and litho- graphic plates of the old liiiihling itself, dating from the days of Paul Revere down (he having made the first engraving), together with existing pieces of wood mouldings found about the interior, such as pieces of cornices, bases of the pilasters, pieces of old wood mantles, and wood wainscotting connecting with the same, besides the position of all the old wood grounds upon the brick walls, giving the heights of the cornices, wainscoting, etc., a very definite idea was forined of the treatment of the interior wood finish ; also much of the new work that was required about the exterior, including the balcony at the State-street end and the restoration of the Washington-street door. In restoring the windows of the building the number of panes of glass in each window was determined by an oil painting, made about A.D. 1805, which is in the possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society.' The muntins of the sashes are different from those found in any other building of that period, and are a reproduction from the window of the second story, opening upon the balcon3' at the State-street end. Although the use of The engraving of this picture will be found ante, p. 101.— W. H. W. 156 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. this peculiar thin muutin excited a great deal of eiiticism in the public press, it was not decided upon finally, until after a careful examination of this window had been made by many leading architects and builders, especially those who had given attention to this colonial style, and it had been definitely deter- mined that this was the original window. In fact, but little doubt of its original character could exist, since the frame of this window, like all the other windows about the building, was built solid into the walls and extending back of the same, on the two sides and across the top, at least four inches ; the window and side lights were glazed with crown glass, which has not been in use for the last eiglitj- years ; the hinges were of wrought iron, secured with wrought nails, and the fastening was by an old brass latch with egg-shaped handles each side. The work of restoring the exterior was not of a difficult nature, the brick moulded belt courses were easily continued where the}' had been removed, and the walls of the first story of the Washington and State street ends, which had been taken away for modern improvement, to fit the building for business purposes, were easily replaced with window openings like those above. The main cornice was found in a good state of preservation, as also were the ten trusses supporting the roof, which, of course, determined the original outline ; these trusses were framed with a king post, and were constructed of oak-hewn timber, the principal rafters being in double sections, the under section of a natural curve ; the tie-beams of the trusses were about four- teen inches square and formed the sleepers or girders for the support of the third floor. All of the roof above the cornice to the height of eight feet, between the trusses, had been removed : but above that height, forming the apex, the original boarding and jack-rafters were found in oood condition. APPENDIX H. 157 New dormer wiudows were placed -between the ti'usses, the number, position, and proportions being ascertained from the several wood-cuts ; also the five chimnej's on each side, which were found to be of modern construction, were removed. The tower was discovered in a neglected and vor_y unsafe con- dition ; several of the bed-plates which formerly received the posts having been removed in the course of adapting the third story to business purposes, while others had been completely burned off ; and in those alterations the only support left for the tower was upon the head of two plank partitions. From the decayed condition of the wood finish of the exterior of the tower it was found necessary to remove all of the sash, two thirds of the pilasters, pedestals, balustrades, and carved fiuials, and replace tlie same )iv new work ; the copper work of the roof and tlie old vane and lightning-rod were found in a very passable condition. The work of reconstruction occupied about six mouths' time, having been commenced about October 15, 1881, and completed in July, 1882. Very respectfully submitted, GEORGE A. CLOUGH, City Architect. APPENDIX H. The following report, on the restoration and renovation of the Old State House (City Document No. 100 of 1882), was submitted to the Common Council, June 29, 1882 : — • "The Committee on Public Buildings was instructed by the City Council of 1881 to give effect to the following order which was approved b}' the Mayor, Sept. 17, 1881 : — 158 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. " Ordered, That the Committee on Public Buildings be directed to lease the Old State House for such term, to such pai-ties, and upon such terms as they raay deem for the best interests of the City of Boston ; and said committee are hereby autliorized to expend a sum not exccedinf; thirty-five thousand dollars in repairs on buildinit; said sum to be charged to tlie appropriation therefor." "Under these iustruetions the committee of 18S1 appointed Messrs. Whitraore, Woolley, O'Brien, and Morrison, in 1881, as a sub-committee ; and, in 1882, Messrs. Woolley, Hart (Frost in his place from February 24th), Morrison (Whitmore in his place from March 29th), and Eddy, in the same capacity. "Your committee begs leave to report in part, at this time, that the work has been substantially finished, and to submit a detailed account of its expenditures. The estimate of 835,000 was as accurate a calculation as could be made in advance ; and though, as will be shown, much more has been done than was anticipated, the work will be finished so that the building can be delivered to its occupants within the amount named. " It was found that the work involved not only the removal of the partitions on each floor, but an elaborate reconstruction of the lower floor and basement, to fit them for such tenants as the city would desire to have in such a building. It was found neces- sary to heat the building by steam, in order to do away with the chimneys which had been put on during the present century. It was, of course, in the view which the committee took, necessary to take off the modern French roof and to restore the old pitch roof; to take out the glass front on the west end, and the flight of stairs on the east end, and to replace them with substantial brick walls and proper doors and windows. The plans of the old build- ing and the indications in the wood-work pointed to a circulai stairway between the first and second floors. In utilizing the basement for business purposes, it was necessary to extend this stairway through that story also. The repairs to the tower were APPENDIX H. 159 costly, but indispensable. The second story, containing the Memorial Halls, has cost considerable money, but there every part of the finish had to be constructed afresh. " Your committee annex hereto the report of the City Architect, showing, first, the total cost of each kind of -nork ; secondly, the cost of each part of the building. It seems that of the $35,000 the amount of $11,300 was expended for the antiquarian part, or the Memorial Halls ; the remainder has been economically ex- pended in arranging the building for business purposes, under the instructions to preserve and res-tore the original exterior. " In conclusion, j-our committee has to report that the work has revealed the fact that extensive repairs, perhaps costing $25,000, would have been needed within a very few years, as the walls were crumbling, the timbers of the roof and tower badly decayed, and even for renting purposes the building could not be compared with the modern offices in the vicinity. It had been hoped that the appropriation would allow the committee to fit up the attic, and to provide chandeliers, etc., for the halls. But as the work can be finished to this point within the original appropriation, and as these finishing touches can be left to our successors, it is only necessary to mention the facts. " If our committee would especially call attention to the zeal and success with which the City Architect has conducted the work. The details of the reconstruction of the old work have given him much extra labor, but it is believed that everything which has been done has the best architectural authority for it. A full explanation of the changes is reserved for another opportunity. The various mechanics have heartily cooperated, and the result will, it is hoped, prove that the appropriation has been properly expended. "Your committee anticipate that it can deliver up the building to the City Government early in -July, and, unless otherwise in- 160 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. stnicted, it is their intention to invite the City Council to attend at a formal celebration of the event. Respectfully submitted, AVILLIAM WOOLLEY, CHARLES H. HERSEY, WILLIAM FROST, P. JAMES MAGUIRE, JOHN P. HILTON, OTIS EDDY, JOSEPH P. CONNELL, WILLIAM H. WHITMORE, Committee on Puhlic Buildings." Accepted, and ordered to be printed. W. P. GREGG, Citric. Office of City' Architect, CiTT Hall, June 27, 1882. William Woolley, Ehq., Chairman Committee in charge of renovating the Old State House: — Dear Sir, — In compliance with the request of your committee, I herewith present a statement of the total cost of reconstructing and refitting the ancient structure, showing first the cost of each kind of work, together with the name of the mechanic that did it ; secondly, the separate cost of restoring each part of the build- ing : — APPENDIX H. IGl Carpenters. Holbrook & Harlow . . . . $9,413 69 Sidney Peterson .... 7,451 31 $16,865 00 James Fagan . C. W. Baxter . 5,666 92 Masons. $5,301 67 • 365 25 Painters. $1,920 70 • 265 60 John D. Driscoll Walburg & Sherry . 2,186 30 Roofing and Gutters. T. F. Harrigau 1,128 13 Superintendent and Watchman. F. A. Hatch and M. Farnham .... 1,38004 Steam-heating and Ventilation. Ingalls & Kendricken 1,648 66 Iron and Marble Work. L. M. Ham and Bowker, Torrey, & Co. . . . 1,061 74 Granite- Work . E. R. Clark 1,099 32 Plumbing. Brintnall & Tombs 988 58 Plastering. J. H. Davis 923 19 AmomU carried forward, $32,947 88 162 OLD STATE HOUSE KE-DEDICATION. Amount brought foncard. Carving. "W. H. Rumney .... $32,947 88 8.50 00 Gas-fitting. Charles Pierce ....... Fuel, advertisiug, rat-catchiug, aud other miscella- neous items, amount ...... 2.3.5 29 825 83 $34,8o9 00 Separate Cost op Restoring Each Part. Reconstruction of roof . Alteration, Washington-street end . Alteration, State-street end Construction of suh-cellar Fitting up of R.R. offices Fitting up Antiquarian rooms Circular staircase, hall and stairs . $2,400 40 Staircase basement stairs . . .1 ,400 00 84,331 44 1,658 39 3,195 00 1,470 00 1,877 85 8,864 34 -3,860 40 Fitting up ofHces, 1st floor, State-street end . . 1,649 19 " basement 3,148 43 The items of superintendence, watching, advertising, fuel, and work upon the walls of outside, have not been included in the above amounts, in all amount- ing to 4,803 96 $34,855 09 Very respectfully submitted, GEORGE A. CLOUGH, City Architect. APPENDIX I. 163 appe:n^dix I. EXTRACTS FROM "THE LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT OF ME, ROBERT KEAYNB, ALL OF IT WHINTEN WITH MY OWNE HANDS & BEGAN BY ME MO: «: 1: 1653, COMONLY CALLED AUGUST." I Robert Keayne, Cittizen and M''chant Taylor of London by frecdome, and b_v the good Providence of God now dwelling at Boston in New England in Amireca being at this time through the great goodnes of my God, both in health of body, & of able and sufHcient memory, yet considering that all flesh is as grasse, that must wither and will returne to the dust,' and that my life may be taken away in a moment, therefore that I may be in the better readinesse (and freed from the distracting cares of the disposing of my out- ward estate, w"^'' coinonly followes the deferring of it, wliile the time of sick- nes or day of Death, when the ininde should be taken up with more serious and waighty consideracons) I doe therefore now in my health make ordaine & declare this to be my Last Will and Testament and to stand and to be as ef- fectuall as if I had made it in my sicknes, or in the day or houre of my death, which is in manner and forme following This being p'missed in respect of my soule & my faith in Jesus Christ, I doe next coinitt my body to tlie earth (& to comely & decent burriall) there to rest till my loveing Savio' by his Almighty power shall raise it up againe, at which time I confidently beleive it shalbe reunited to my owne soule, and there shall receive according to the works that I have done in this life accord- ing as they have beene good or evill in the sight of God, or according to that faith and confidence that I have in the free grace and merits of the Lord Jesus Christ. As for my Buriall I shall not desire any great outward solem- nitie to be used further [120.] then that which shalbe decent & civill as be- comes Christians knowing that extraordinary solemnities can nothing add to the peace or benefit of the deceased, yet haveing beene trayned up in Millitary Discipline from my young' yeares, & haveing endeavoured to promote it the best I could since God hath brought me into this country & seeing he hath beene pleased to use me its a poore instrument to lay y foundation of that Noble Society of the Artillery Company in this place, that hath so farr prospered by the blessing of God as to helpe many with good experience in the use ^of theire Amies & more exact knowledge in the Millitary Art & hath beene a nursery to raise up many able and well experienced souldiers that hath done since good service for their country, therefore to declare my affections to that exercise & the society of souldiers, I shall desire to be buryed as a souldier in a Millitary way, if the time & place of my death and other occasions may suite thereunto which I leave to the discretion of my executors and friends As for the goods of this life which the Lord of his aboundant mercy, his rich & undeserved favo'' hath bestowed & reserved to me the greatest of sin- ners and the unworthyest of all his servants I dispose of in manner following These thirds for my wife being p'messed & my tfunnerall charges & debts being provided for as I have before mentioned The rest of my whole estate 164 OLD STATE HOJJSE RE-DEDICATION. both personnall & reall with my lands housing & all other things belonging to my estate I devide into two parts, the one part whereof I give and be- queath unto my welHeloved & only son Benjamin Keayne, the other part of my estate, I meane the just or due value of it I reserve as my owne right to dispose of as I please which is as herein shall after be expressed. ********** I haveing long thought & considered of the want of some necessary things of publike concernment which may not be only coraodious but very profitable & usefutlfor the Towno of IJoston, as a Marketplace &Cundit, the one a good helpe in danger of fyrc, the want of which wee have found by sad & costly experience not only in other parts of the towne where possibly they have better supply for water but in tlie heart of the towne about the market place, the other usefuU for the country people that come with theire pro- visions for the supply of the towne, that they may have a place to sitt dry in and warme both in cold raine & durty weatlier & may have a place to leave theire come or any other things safe that they cannot sell, till they come againe, which would be both an incourageraent to tlie country to come in & a great meanes to increase trading in the [1125.] Towne also, to have some convenient roome or too for the Courts to meete in both in Winter & Sumer & so for the Townes men & Comissio''* of the Towne, also in the same building or the like there may be a convenient roome for a Library & a gallery or some other handsome roome for the Elders to meete in & conferr together when they have occasion to come to the towne for any such ende, as I perceive they have many, Tlien in the same building there may be also a roome for an Armory to keepe the Amies of the Artillery Company &. for the Souldiers to meete in when they have occasion. Now if it should not be thought convenient by the Elders & Deacons or guids of the towne that all these conveniencyes should be under one roofe or in one place of the towne or that there be some places already built that may conveniently be used or fitted up with smale cost for some of these purposes, as in the Meeting House for a Granere or Armory & other places in it for the Magistrates & Comissio™ to meete in as they doe sometimes, it is true in the sumer they may, in the Winter they cannot for want of chimneyes & fyres, but it would be necessary & more convenient (And the Towno hath beene often speaking about it, to have such a building for such uses though yet it hath not beene accomplished) if there were a place fitted on purpose & set apart for such publike uses, and if advice were taken with some skilfuU & ingenious workmen & some others that have good heads in contriving of buildings such as Mr. Broughton, Mr. Clarke, the Chirirgion &c. there might such a model be drawne up that one fabricke or building may [126.] be easily contrived that would conveniently accomodate all these uses, without extraordinary cost & yet may be so done as would be a great ornament to tlie towne as well as usefull & profitable otherwayes but if the cheife of the towne should be of anoth' minde, then I should propose this, that the cundit & Markett House be sett in the market place somewhere betweene M"' Cogins house & mine or any where in that great streete betweene M'. Parkers House & M'. Brentons or rather M'. Webb's if it should be judged there to be more convenient, these two may handsomely be contrived in one building in w='> possibly may be some other convenient roomes fitt for some of the uses before mentioned besides & for those which that place cannot supply, as for a Library & for a Gallere or Long Roome for the Devines & Scholiers to meete & conferr togeather upon any occasion it may be contrived to be sett all along on the foreside of the Meeting house joyning to it on the one side and the other side to be supported with pillars so the roomes about may be for Court meetings at the one side & the Elders at the other & the open roome betweene the pillars may serve for Merchants, M' of Shipps and strangers as well as the towne (being either paled or horded on the ground) to meete in at all times to conferr about there busines & occasions w^'' I conceive would be very advantagius to the towne & may be so APPENDIX I. 165 contrived & sett forth y' will bene disgrace or incumbrance to the mcctins house buta great ornament to it, but ifit should be thoiiglit not convenient to have it in the front of the Meeting [l;i7.] House, it may accomplish the same ends, if placed on that side of the Meeting House from Seargeant Williams shop to Deacon Trusdalls house, or if a building placed in one of these two places may accomplish all the ends before menconed save only the Cunditt then a large Cundit may be sett up alone, about the place where the Pillary stands & the other about the meeting house as before W" I leave to the best con- trivement of the towne & the Elders & Deacons w''' building or buildings if the towne sliall thinke meete to goe about it & improve tlieni for tlic severall uses before mentioned, only the Granere may be in any other place of the towne as shalbe thought convenient, I stand not upon that though my owne judgement leads me to thinke that some places or place about the C'omon Market or near to it wilbe most suitable for many reasons. I say towards the building of these convenient places. Item I give and bequeath three hundreth pounds in good merchantable pay the one third part thereof when the frame is brought to the place & raysed or some part of it before when the frame is in some forwardness if neede be, the seconde part when the ehinmeyes are built, the house covered and closed in round and all the Hoores layd, and the last third part when it is quite finished, provided that it be gone about and finished within two or three yeares at the most after my decease, and if any of these either a Cundet or Markett House should be sett up before my death, by the towne or any other in the place or places above mentioned, then my gift shall rcmaine good either for some addition to the same worke or for the accomplisliing of those other workes by me mentioned that are not done by others, with a re- bating proportionable to what [lii8.] is or shallie before done by the towne or any other Pson, Now that tbese things may not be only for a show or a name & when flnislied prove as shaddowes c& stand as emptie roomos without substance that they may be improved for the uses that I ayme at & intend though my estate is not such as whereby I am able to doe what I desire & would be willing to doe if I had it, for such publike benefitt, yet for e.xamples sake & encouragement of others (especially of our owne towne w* will have the benefitt of it) & such in the towne that have publike spirits & some comfortable estates to helpe on such workes I shalbe willing to cast in my mite & bring my lime & hare possibly God may stirr up the hearts of others to bring in their Badger skines & silke & others more costly things that the worke may goe on & prosper in so sniale a beginning Therefore to the Granere I give and bequeath One hundred pounds to be payd in Come and that to be improved for a publike stocke to such uses & ends as I shall hereafter mention Next the Library & Gallere for Devines & SchoUers to meete in being finished I give and bequeath to the beginning of that Library my 3 great writing bookes W^'" are intended as an Exposition or Interpretation of the whole Bible, .as also a •!"' great writing booke in which is an exposition on the Prophecy of Daniel of the Revelations & the Prophecy of Hosea not long since began, all which Bookes are written with my owne hand so farr as they be writt & could desier that some able scholler or two that is active and dilli- gent & addicted to reading and writing were ordered to carry on the same worke by degrees as they have leasure and opportunitie & in the same methode and way as I have begun (if a better be not advised to) at least if [129.] it shalbe esteemed for the ])rofitt of it to young students (though not so to more able and learned Devines in these knowing times) worth the labo'' as I have & doe finde it to my selfe^orth all the paines & labour I have bestowed upon them, so that if I had 100"' l.ayd me downe for them, to deprive me of them, till my sight or life should be taken from me I should not part from them 166 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. And because I perceive that the Elders of the neigboMng townes have ap- pointed certaine times in y<^ yeare as cheifly in Sumer time once a moneth to meete together to confirr about ordering things in the Churches according to God & to debate aliout doubts or dithcult questions that may arise, in matters of religion and such like and that they Inive noe place to meete in, but at one of our Elders houses nor nothing to refresh themselves withbut ofthem w<:'> may prove too great a burtlien to our Elders (the meetings being so often and eon- tinueing constant) to bcare of theire owne charge besides otiier burthens & in- conveniences they may undergoe Therefore the roome before mentioned be- ing fitted y' they may meete when they please thereat I doe will and bequeath fower pounds a yeare to be payd out of some of my shops in Boston by quarterly payments w='' may be ordered and disposed as the Eld" shall direct or advise to provide some refreshing for them when they meete or now and then dinn'* as farr as it will goe .St as themselves shalbe pleased to husband it, not that I would put upon my Executor the care of such provisions or of buying or dressing the meate, but that he should appointe w<:'' shop should pay them so much & then they may appointe a steward of theire owne to receive the pay every quarter & then they to direct how it shalbe layd out or dis- posed of for that ende to there owne content, only 1 would p'misse this if there meeting be only in the Sumer & not in the Winter as I conceive then my will is that they should receive this fower [l;}l.] pounds every Sumer, by forty shillings a quarter as that which wilhe most convenient for there meet- ing, and this gift of fower poumls p anno I give for the space of Ten yeares from the time of my death, if that meeting continue so long in that towne, hoping that before then some other may be moved to step in & to add so much more to it as may serve to provide a moderate dinner for every time of there meeting so that noe part of the charge of it may lye upon themselves and when the lu yeares is ended I doubt not if my son be then liveinghere (&my buildings continue as now, that he would continue this gift of myne longer if that meeting continue longer & proves by experience to be much for the good and advantage of religion & the churches as is intended & not to the hurt & pijudice of the same And if a convenient fayre roome in one of the buildings before mentioned be sequestered & set a part for an Armory & the meeting of the Artillery if there it be thought convenient or if some other place be provided for that use more convenient, with the Officers of that Companys advice, I am not strict for the very place so they h.ave content in it, though yet I thinke the very hart & securest part of the towne (& noe out or by place) is the most fitt for a Magazene for Armes because of the danger of surprizing of them, the place that they now use wilbe fitt, to scower & tend the Armes in et the other to lay them up & keepe them in, which wilbe a comely sight for straingers to see & a great ornament to the roome & also to the towne where [132.] the soul- diers may arme themselves every time they goe to exercise, such a place be- ing provided I give & bequeath five pounds for the incouragem' of that Com- pany to be layd out in Pikes & Bandal'" for the use of such souldiers of that Company that live in othcrtownes, so farr as it cannot be convenient for them to bring there armes w"' them, or if the Officers of that Company doe know any other thinge that the Company wants that wilbe more usefuU for the gen- nerall good of the Company then what I have mentioned that will continue & not be spent or consumed in the use, then I am willing that the whole or any part of this legacy may be so disposed of takeing in the advice and consent of my Executor in the same. ********** ********** Now concerning the originall legacy of Three hundred pounds that I have given to the Towne of Boston for the raysing of a Cundit in the Market place & for a building to fitt for such uses as I have before mentioned, if any shall alleadge that three hundred pounds is not sufficient to accomplish it I answ'. 1. That it may be some of these may be gone about & finished by APPENDIX I. 1( )i y'= Towne before God may call me out of this world as y" Cundot or in^kct house &c. & tlien there willic the lesse to doe and I know tliat the Towne hath ajiitated it & seriously intended to have gone al)out to doe tliem all ex- cept only y<^ library, as such tbintfs that arc needfull & will tnrne to the pubiikc advantage of the Towne. 2'>'. I say that I conceive if it be well managed & ordered it may doe it all or very neare it. I suppose one of the two last houses that I built hath roome enough in it to accomplish all the ends before mentioned excepting the Cundit, if it had beene first contrived & thought on for such an ende, yet that hath not cost me 400"'. not by so much as I suppose [1-40.] will neare build a new Condit, but Thirdly if it shouhl fall short I doe expect & suppose that the Towne wilbc willing to add to it & make up the rest either by enlarging of the Conveuiencyes or beauti- fying tlie structure for the better ornament of the towne & possibly some else may thinke of some other thing wantinsr, that may be as usefull to the genn^ali good of the towne as most of these to be added to it, w='' I have not thought upon, besides if I were about to build a thinge that I conceive would be very usefull .& advantagious to me but am not eomlbrtably able to beare the charge of it, if any freind out of love to me would lend me SOO"*. some considerable time gratise it would be a great incouragement to me to goe on with the worke, but if he should offer to give me freely 300"'. towards it I should think my selfe bound to be very thankefull to him and to be willing to make up what is wanting rather then I would loose so free a kindnes by my neglecting of the worke. But possibly some wilbc ready to apprehend that I may doe this only for my owne endcs & benefitt w''' may make them the more backward to have it goe on especially with any of there owne Cost, for some such spiritts there be that had rather deny themselves a benefitt then that anotlier should cnjoye a greater benefitt by it, as some have said that I have beene very forward to have a Cundit in y' place because I have so many houses & buildings there about & so a Market House [141.] wilbe more the beneficiall to bring trade to my shops. I answ'' putt case that this were in all things true, it is not sine- full nor unlawfuU in Christian prudence to pvide meanes for the p''venting of danger or procureing ot any lawfull good, I doubt not but they would doe the like if it were there owne case. But S*"-*' what advantage will this be to me when I am dead ami gone, if others should not receive more benefitt then I by it I need not tronlde my selfe with what may fall out in after times, in these respects for I shall feele no want, nor sutt'er any damage by such losses & a 100 things would come into consideration as needfull to p'vent or provide for as these, if men goeing out of the world should trouble them- selves with the care of such changes and things that may happen when they are dead 3'"-^ If my housen only were there & no other shops but myne, there might be more ground for such an apprehension, but it is the heart of the towne and many fayre buildings & shops there be round about, the Market is there seated allready. the Market house is more for the convenicney of Strang™ & there accomodation in winter and sumer in wet & dry there for the inhabitants of the towne & in that respect it is a worke of cliaritie and mercy and though some pticular psons that trade may have more benefitt by it then some other ]isous that dwell further off, yet the advantage & profitt of it will redound to the whole towne in genn^all and for my owne pticular I haveing given over trade [142.] long agoe) the nearenes of the market is more chargeable then beneficiall to me, if I looked not at a genn^all & publike good, more then ray private & for the Cunditt I confesse it is very necessary & usefull in many respects, especially in danger of fyre & well it were if there were more of them in the towne then there is, but that it wilbe more beneficiall to me or that I shall have more nCede of it then others who can tell, who knowes y' my house alone shalbe sett on fyre, God may p'serve myne though divers others may be consumed, as it fell out lately by sad experience, had there beene a Condit in the Market place before, then would it not have beene looked at & found to be a pubiikc good, might not 168 OLD STATE HOUSE RE-DEDICATION. some of the houses beene saved that were consumed more worth then the charge of setting up three or fower such Conditts, nay if the fyre had gone on in its rage as it was most lilcc (had not God in unexpected mercy p''vented it) & ceased upon others houses as it threatened to doe, the whole towne would have had cause to thinke & to have bewailed the want of it) that such a Conditt was a publique good & the want of it a publique evill though some pticular psons might have had the beneflte of it at that time more then others, and at some other times others might have had more neede & more benefitt by it then they but if my houses & shopes stoode alone or if I only should need & not others, if it were for my owne private & not for the publique good of others, I would build a Condit & a Market house too if there were neede [143.] at ray owne charge without calling in the heli)eof others & I thinke if my owne heart deceive me not, my ayme in all these things proposed is for the genn''all good of the towne & that if I had noe house thereabouts but had lived in some other part of the towne, I should be as forward to promote these workes as I have beene'formerly or am at this p'sent, so I should desire all my loveing brethren & neighbo'^ of the towne to interp"^ & accept of what I tender to them, as a fruite of my true endeavo'' & desire of the townes good & not at any private advantage of me or myne & as one y' have beene willing & desireous to helpe them forward in my life- time rather then death, And for that legacy of one Imndreth pound before mentioned for y" Grannere to begin a stocke for a publique magzine of Corne for the towne or cheifely the poorer sort in it, now what private ends or advantage can anj' one apprehend I can have in that when I am dead & so for the library & armory & Plattforme & Butt for the incou^agem' of the Artillery Company & or free schoole or what I had set apart form''ly for the trayning up of tlie Indians Children in learning & some English schoU'* to learne the Indian Tongue, now if these cannot but be interp'ted for a pub- lique and genn'all good to the towne why sliouUl any conceive otherwise of the other, for the Conditt there is none in the markett place & if such a worke be needfuU in any p'. of the towne, it is 5 times more needfuU there [144:.] & so for the market house except there were more publique markets set up in some othere p^. of the towne c& though God hath beene pleased in some measure to carry me on with a publique spirit to seeke the good of the towne according to that abillity which God hath beene pleased to afibrd unto me though I am not able to doe according to the largenes of my desire hopeing that God will raise up some others after me, of abler estates & opener hearts & hands to add larger additions to these weake beginnings or to begin some others that mav be more usefuU then these. And for the Three hundred pounds which I have given to the Towne of Boston to build a Condit, a Market house & Towne house with a Library Grannere & Armore, as I have before mentioned if tlie towne of Boston shall slight or undervalue this gift or my good will to them therein & shall refuse or neglect to goe about & finish "these sev'all buildings in manner & time before mentioned rather then they wilbe troubled with it, or add any- thing of theire owne for the finisheing of it, then my will is that this gift of 300"'. given to Boston for the uses of those buildings before mentioned shall utterly cease and become voyd in respect of Boston & those giftes tliat I have given with relation to those buildings as my Bookes to the Library &.'. or any others of them that I have [153.] not before provided for & ordered shalbe & remaine to the sole use of the CoUidge at Cambridge in the same manner that I have ordered the former 120"'. in Corne for the poore in Boston, in case the Deacons or Towne shall refuse or neglect to give security for the principall stocke as before is mentioned. My true meaning herein is this that if the Towne of Boston shall sett upon one or two of these workes & neglect or refusetocarry on therest (or some of the other that I have mentioned happely being done by the Towne before APPENDIX I. Kit) I dye) as if tliey sliuuUl build only tlio Coiidit ^^ Jlai-kc-t liuuse & not a Towiics house or Library & Gallere or a Graniierc & Arniore & not a Gondii or Market house &". then my will is that my executo'' shall give only such a proportion of this Three luindreth pounds as that worke or builiiin;; shall come too, w* they set upon only in relation to this gift of myne, compared with the value of the other buildings that I have likewise mentioned but they have left undone & that what upon that account shalbe reserved of the .'iOO"'. shalbe for the use of the CoUidge of Cambridge, as I have given the whole 300"'. in case the refuse or neglect to finish all those buildings or any of them within two or three yeares after my death as before I have ordered. * * * *'*'* * * * if ********** And concerning my bookes that I have given to begin the Library with all in Boston, my will is that my brother Willson & M' Norton Eld™ at Boston or the teaching Eld" that shall at the time of my death (after my wife and son Benjamine have made choyce of some bookes for theire owne use as I have before expressed) may be requested to take paines to view over the rest of my bookes & such as they shall judge fitt for that use to take a pticul' note or inventory of them & so to take them into there owne keeping or to leave them with my executo'' if they will, till the time mentioned in this will be ac- complished, that if the towne of Boston should not within three yeares after my death build a handsome roome for a Library & anoth"' for the Eldf* & Scholl'* to walke & mecte in, as before I have expressed, that then they may [157.] be delivered to the President or some of the Overseers of Herbert CoUidge in Cambridge to be placed as my gift or addition to that Library that is already begun there. ********** ********** Tlieref ore I doe here againe declare all that wliich is contained before in nine shectes of paper writtwith my owne hand in all the sides thereof & more par- ticularly expressed in the 36 page y^ of with all that is added to it in this page 37 to be my last Will & Testament & my son M.ijor Benjamine Keayne to be sole executor thereof & my loveing freinds mentioned in the lower ende of page 36 to be the overseers of it. In Wittnes whereof as there so here againe I have putt to my hand & scale in the p'sence of these whose names c& handes are hereunder written this December 28, 1653 Robert Keayne & a scale John Willson Edw Ting RiCHAKD Parker Robt Hull Edw Efletcher [274.] Att a County Court held at Boston 2d of May 1656 M''. John Wilson Sen. M''. Richard Parker & M'. Edward Tyng deposed before the Court tliat Cap' Robert Keayne at y« times metitoned in the thirty sixt page & thirty seventh pag. did call them in and declared these nine sheets of paper & one page to be his last will & testament & sawe him signe and scale the same & y' they know of no other will W^^ was approved of by y' Court as attests Edward Rawson Recorder [In Margin, page 273.] At a County Court for Suffolke held at Boston aO'" Janur" A" 1683 The Executo''' within nominated of the last will of Capf Robert Keyne sometime of Boston dece'' hereto annexed being both dead ! Power of Adra^'i of y"-' estate of s'' Cap"'' Keyne is granted unto M'' Nicholas Paige and Anna his wife Grand daughf of s'^ Robert Keyne to pursue the performance of his will in what remains to be done therein, they to give Bond of one thousand pounds to execute the same, their own bond being accepted by y" Court is accordingly taken Attest Is-^ Addington Cl^^ INDEX I N D ]^: X Acts, published, 42. Adams, Jolin, 70,71, 85. Adams, Siimucl, 7-t, 84. Andros, Sir E., 35, ."57. Armory, 53, 164, 106, 1G9. Arms, Colony and Royal, 61, 64, 95. destroyed, 93, 144. Artillery Co., Ancient and Honorable, 27, 41, 163, 168. Badger, Commodore, 121. Balcony or gallery, 35, 40, 43, 50, 53, 64, 65, 90, 92, 94. Boston Gazette, 93. Boston Magazine, 94. Bowdoin, Gov. James, 94. Bowen, Picture of Boston, 103, 107. Brazer's building, 23, 24, 25. British Coffee House, 80. Bunker Hill, battle of, 91. Cadets, corps of, 56, 90. Castle, the, 56, 86. Cellars, 31. Chantrey, statue by, 105. Chimneys, 54. Church, Old Brick, 92. Old South, 69, 84. City Hall, 104, 107. 147, 153. Clerk, town, 53, 66. of the House, 75. Clock, town, 53. Closet, 48. Codfish, the, 61, 64. Commissioners, 27. Conduit, 27, 33, 34, 165-169. Congress, 90. Council-chamber, 40, 43, 45, 47, 49, 50, 57, 61, 70, 79. Court, General, 27, 30, 37, 42, 164. Supreme, 37, 43, 49, 80. Court House, Stone, 105, 147. new, 149. Lcvcrett St., 151. Declaration of Independence, 92. Deputies, number of, 51. Deshon, Moses, carver, 61. Desk, Speaker's, 62. Dial, 53. Dunton, John, 31. Ellis, Rev. Rufus, 19. Engine, fire, 61. Evacuation of Boston, 92. Exchange, merchants', 32, 108. Faueuil, arms of, 146. Hall, 60, 66, 69, 77, 98, 104. 144-147. Fires, 30, 34, 44, 57, 105, 109, 146. Fort Hill, 35. Franquelin, map of Boston, 33. Freemasons, 103, 104. French troops welcomed, 94. Funerals, public, 50. Gage, (iov. Thomas, 90. Gallery (see Balcony), 62, 76, 88, 164, 169. Garrison, William L., 113. Goelet, Capt. Francis, 60. Governor, messages from, 52. Grammar-school Inspectors, 49. Granary, 27, 165, 168. Gray's ropewalk, 8 1 . Green, Samuel, A., address by, 116. Green chamber, the, 53. Gridley, Col. Richard, 56. 174 INDEX. Hales' Survey of Boston, 109. Half-square Court, 25. Haucoek, Gov. John, 88, 90. Healths, drinking of, 42. Hersey, Aid. Charles H., address by, 18. Howe, Gen., 91. Hutchinson, Gov. Thomas, SO, 83, 8,5, 88, 89. house burnt, 73. Independence, birth of, 72. Joy, Thomas, builder, 30. Josselyn, Thomas, 31. Keaync, Capt. Robert, 24, 2G, 27. founds the Town House, 31. signature, 28. will, 163-109. Kidd, Capt. William, tried, 40. Kuowles, Commodore, 57. Leehford, account by, 26. Legislature, at Cambridge, 86, 88. at Salem, 90. at Watertown, 91, 93. returned to Boston, 93, 94, 97. Lexington, battle of, 91. Liberty tree, 73. Library, town, 27, 33, 164, 165, 169. Limestone found, 40. Lion and Unicorn, 64, 141, 144. Lobby, 43, 49. . Long, Gov. John D., 121. Louisburg, capture of, 50, 55. Magazine, the public, 166. Market House, 165, 167, 169. place, 24, 32, 164, 167, 168. Massachusetts Magazine, the, 63, 95. 98, Meeting-house, First, 25, 42, 44, 49, 53, 81, 165. Model of Town House, 28, 164. Molineaux. William, 82. Keal, Daniel, description by. 46. Old South Church, 69, 84. Old State House (see State Mouse). Otis, Harrison Gray, address by. 111. Otis, James, 70, 80. Painter's bill in 1773, 64. Pemberton, Thomas, description by, 97. Pepperrell, Sir William, 55, 56. Phips, Sir William, 38. Dame Mary, 39. Pillars, 63, 164. Pillory, the, 165. Population of Boston, 34, 38, 46, 54. Port Bill, the Boston, 90. Portraits mentioned, 18, 62, 65, 72, 85, 91. Post Office, 108. Pownal, Gov. Thomas, 68 Pratt, Chief Justice, 70. Prayers, public, 47. Press-gang, trial of, 79. Preston, Capt., trial of, 82. Prorogation, 42. Province House, the, 91. Quebec, 43. Queen Anne, 41. Quelch, Capt. John, 42. Quincy, Josiah, Jr. , 87. Re-dedication, 17. Registry of Deeds, 45. Representatives' Hall, 37, 43, 52, 62, 63, 95, 98. Revolution of 1688, 35. Rogers, Isaiah, 106. Royal Exchange Tavern, 60. Salmon, Robert, 104, 109. Seal, Colony, 142. Sewall, Samuel, extracts from diary of, 36, 37, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51. Shaw's History of Boston, 102. Shirley, Gov. William, 62. Shops, 32. 54, ini. Siege of Boston, 91. INDEX. 175 Snyder, Christopher, killed, 81. Speaker, 51, 52. Stairway, circular, G2, 155. Stamp Act riots, 73, 75. State-street riots, 81, 82. State House, old, engravings of , 10, 11, 12, 13. founded, 23. model, 28, 1G4. description of the first, 28, 29. paid for, 30. tenants, 31, 32, 101, 103, 104. head-quarters against An- dros, 35. used by Legislature, 37, 94. council-chamber in, 38. burnt in 1711, 44. rebuilt, 45, 125, 129. arrangement of, 47, 50. public sales at, forbidden, 52. repaired, 54. riot against press-gangs, 57. burnt in 1747, 58, 59, 60. rebuilt, 129, 141. described in 1750 by Goe- let, fil. town ofBces in Fanueil Hall, 60. described in 1791, 63. refusal to clean, 67. described by John Adams, 70, 71. galleries in, 76. troops lodged in, 78. injured by British troops, 91. used by the State, 94. peace proclaimed at, 94. Hancock installed at, 94. Washington received at, 95. described in 1794,97. State House, sold to tlie town, 99. described in 1817, 102. described in 1829, 103. injured by fire in 1825, 105. used as City Hall, 107. described in 1838, 107. fire in 1832, 109. leased by the city, 110. injured liy alterations, 110. restored in 1881, 110. new, 97. Subscribers to first Town House, 126, 129. Table, Council, 47. Tea Party, Boston, 89. Tenants, 101, 103, 104. Thanksgiving Day, 1776, 94. Thompson Family, 25. Topliff's Newsroom, 108. Town House, 168. (See, also, State House.") first, 125, 126,127,128, 129. rebuUt, 129, 141. Town meetings, 46. Trials, 49. Triumphal Arch, 95. Troops removed, 86. Views, engraved, notice of, 10, 11, 12, 13. Voters, 26, 29, 42, 88. Waldo, Gen, Samuel, 56. Warren, Admiral Sir Peter, 55, 66. Washburn, William, 107. Washington, George, 95. statue of, 105. Watcrtown, Legislature at, 90. Whitmore, William H., address by, 22, Wilder, Marshall P., address by, 119. Willard, Secretary, letter of, 59. Witehcr.aft, trials, 39. Writs of Assistance, 70, 72. I UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. :S5 Bostonj- . of the Oldjteq louse *F 73.8 04B65 1882 D 000 618 089 7