liieiM}SiiMi SHIP O [0 UBRARy OF THE UNIVERSmr / h^n>. fSj2^. /^ 76 (\'> CHAPTERS n^ HISTORY OF YORKSHIRE BEING A COLLECTION OF ORIGINAL LETTERS, PAPERS, AND PUBLIC DOCUMENTS, ILLUSTRATING THE' STATE OF THAT COUNTY IN THE REIGNS OF ELIZABETH, JAMES I., AND CHARLES I. Mli^ ^ntxobutmxB, ^'ot^s mxii |nb.e.v, JAMES J. CAHTWRIGHT, M.A., Cantab., OF THE PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE. SUBSCRIBEB'S COPY. WAKEFIELD: B. W. ALLEN. 1872. g^trkatcir, WITH PERMISSION, TO THE EIGHT HONOURABLE LORD ROMILLY, MASTER OF THE ROLLS, KEEPER OP THE RECORDS, dc, &c., &c. MG^D&TG LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. (*) denotes Large Paper Copies. *Abbott, Kobert, Esq., Ealing, Middlesex. (Five copies.) Abbot, Jabez, Esq., Alford, Lincolnshire. *Akroyd, Edward, Esq., M.P., F.S.A., Bank Field, Halifax. *Alder, George W., Esq., Wakefield. Allen, B. Willoughby, Wakefield. Armytage, G. J., Esq., F.S.A., Clifton, Brigliouse. *AsH, Alfred, Esq., Agbrigg, Wakefield. Ash, John S., Esq., Wakefield. Ash, William, Esq., Wakefield. *AsHLiN, Mrs., Firsby, Lincolnshire. *Atkinson, James, Esq., Glee, Grimsby. Baines, Edward, Esq., M.P., Burley, Leeds. Balme, E. B. Wheatley, Esq., J. P., Cote Wall, Mirfield. Banks, W. Stott, Esq., Wakefield. Barber, Fairless, Esq., F.S.A., Castle-hill, Eastrick. *Barker, Major, J. P., Holme Field, Wakefield. *Batteesby, Miss, Scothern, Lincolnshire. Belton, William, Esq., Chevet, Wakefield. Briggs, Archibald, Esq., Stanley Hall, Wakefield. Brooke, Colonel, J, P., F.S.A., Armitage-bridge, Huddersfield. Brooke, Rev. J. Ingham, Thornhill Rectory. Brown, B., Esq., Wakefield. Bruce, Samuel, Esq., LL.B., J. P., Barrister-at-Law, Wakefield. *BucKTON, George, Esq., Roundhay, Leeds. Burkill, Miss, Scarborough. Burrell, Mrs., Scarborough. Burrell, Henry, Esq., Hartvood House, Scarborough. Burrell, Rev. R,, Stanley, near Wakefield. Cadman, J. Heaton, Esq., Ackworth. Carr, — , Esq., Barton-le-Street, Malton. Carter, Henry M., Esq., Wakefield. *Cartwright, Miss, West Rasen, Lincolnshire. Cartwright, Miss F. A., Limber Hill, Lincolnshire. Cartwright, George, Esq., Kirmington, Lincolnshire. Cartwright, Thomas, Esq., Durham-on-Trent, Notts. *Clarkson, Mrs., Beech House, Sandal, Wakefield. Clay, Charles, Esq., Walton, Wakefield. vi LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Clayton, William, Esq., Sandal, Wakefield. Crossley, John, Esq., Manor Heath, Halifax. *Devonshire, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., Devousliire House, Piccadi)l3% W. Dale, Mrs., Florence Villa, Scarborough. Davies, Egbert, Esq., F.S.A., The Mount, York. Daniel, Eev. W.C., M.A., The Parsonage, Dewsbury Moor. Dean, Thomas, Esq., Batley. DiBB, John E., Esq. {tJie Me), Barrister-at-Law, Wakefield. Dickons, J. Norton, Esq., Market-street, Bradford. Dykes, Fred., Esq., South Parade, Wakefield. DuGDALE, Mrs., Rose-hill, Burnley. Edwabds, Sir Henry, Bart., late High Sheriff of Yorkshire, Pye Nest, Halifax. Edwards, John, Esq., Secretary of the Public Record Office, London. Emmeeson, George, Esq., Wakefield. *rAiRBAiRN, Sir Andre\v, Woodsley House, Leeds. Farrae, Mrs., Park House, Halifax, Fawcett, John, Esq., Greenfield, Luddenden Foot. Fernandes, NowellL., Esq., The Grove, High Ackwortb. *rERNANDES, J. L., Esq., South Villa, Wakefield. Fernandes, Guy D. L., Esq., AVakefield. Fernandes, C. B, L., Esq., Egremont House, Wakefield. Fennell, William, Esq., Wakefield. *Foster, Mrs., Lindum-terrace, Lincoln. Fowler, James, Esq., F.S.A., Wakefield. *Frank, F. Bacon, Esq., High Sheriff of Yorkshire, Campsall Hall, Doncaster. *Frankish, John, Esq., Temple House, Anlaby-road, Hull. Erankish, Mrs. Henry, Normanby-on-the-Wold, Lincolnshire. FuRBiSHER, PtiCHARD, Esq., Crofton, Wakefield. *Gaskell, Daniel, Esq., Lupset Hall, Wakefield. Gatrill, Rev. J. M. , Horbury, Wakefield. Gill, W. H., Esq., Solicitor, Wakefield. *Green, Edward, Esq., Heath Old Hall, Wakefield. Griffith, Henry, Esq., 30, Prince's-gardens, W. *Hague^ J., Esq., Many-gates House, Sandal, Wakefield. Haigh, George, Esq., Beechfield, Sandal,' Wakefield. *'Hailstone, Edward, Esq., F.S.A., Walton Hall, Wakefield (one large and one small copy). Halifax, The Right Hon. Viscount, G.C.B., Hickleton, Doncaster. Hall, John, Esq. LI^T OF SUBSCRIBEBS. vii *Hamee, Charles M., Esq., Suitterfield, Stratford- on- Avon. Handson, Miss, West Rasen, Lincolnshire. Hardy, Sir T. DuefuSj.D.C.L., the Deputy Keeper of the Public Kecords. Hart, Robert W., Esq., Sandal, Wakefield. ^Hartley, Captain, J. P., Horbury, Wakefield. Haslegrave, Joseph, Esq., Dirtear House, Wakefield. *Haworth, Fred., Esq., Wakefield. HA^voRTH, Joseph W., Esq., The Cliffe, Wakefield. Hemingway, C. A., Esq., The Elms, Dewsbury. Hick, M. B., Esq., Chald House, Wakefield. HoLDSWORTH, RiCHARD, Esq., Castle Lodge, Sandal, Wakefield. HoLDSwoRTH, S., Esq., M.D., J.P., Wakefield. Holme, Rev. Robert, M.A., Compton House, Brighton. Holmes, John, Esq., Holmeville, Methley. HoRSFALL, Henry, Esq., Wakefield. *HouGHTON, The Right Hon. Lord, D.C.L., F.S.A., Fryston Hall, Ferrybridge. HowDEN, Joe, Esq., Wakefield. HowDEN", Thomas, Esq., Wakefield. Ianson, John M., Esq., Wakefield. Ikin, Miss, Scarborough. IVESON, W. B., Esq., Heckmondwike. Jackson, John, Esq., Milnthorpe House, Wakefield. Jackson, Rev. Petf.r, Kewstead Hall, Wakefield. Johnson, T. C, Esq., Chevet, Wakefield. Johnson, T. C, Esq., Tothby, Alford, Lincolnshire. Jones, Rev. Henry, St. Mark's, Myddelton-square, E.G. *Kaye, John, Esq., J. P., Clayton West, Huddersfield (one large and one small copy). Kaye, John, Esq., Bretton, Wakefield. *Kendell, D. B., Esq., M.B, Heath House, Wakefield. *KiRK, Mrs., Woodside, Halifax. *Leeds, His Grace the Duke of (tJie late), Gogmagog-hills, Cambridge. *Langhorne, J. Bailey, Esq., Outwood Hall, Wakefield. Leatham, W. H., Esq., J. P., Hemsworth Hall, Pontelract. Lee, Henry, Esq., Thornes, Wakefield. Lindley, J. E., Esq., Wakefield. Lister, John L., Esq., J. P., Shibden Hall, near Halifax. LocKWOOD, Mrs. Charles, Moorcroft, New Mill, Huddersfield. Lockwood, Ben., Esq., Huddersfield. *Mackie, R. Bownas, Esq., J. P., St. John'.«, Wakefield. (One large copy and two small copies.) viii LIST OF SUBSCBIBFRS. *Mackie, Colonel, The Manor House, Heath, Wakefield. *Mackie, John, Esq., Crigglestone Cliff, Wakefield. ■*Maech, George, Esq., Scarcroft, near Leeds. Maech, J. 0., Esq., Beech Grove House, Leeds. *MARrJOTT, W. T., Esq., Sandal Grange, Wakefield. (Two large and two small copies.) Marriott, Mrs., Hopton. Marsden, John, Esq., Walton House, Wakefield. Maesden, J. E., Esq., St. John's, Wakefield. Masterman, John, Esq., Wakefield. MiCKLETHWAiT, Kcv. J. H., Painthorpe, Wakefield. Micklethwaite, Miss, Wakefield, %. ' MiCKLETHWAiTE, Mrs. W., Wakefield. MiLTHORP, George, Esq., AVakefield. Morehouse, H. J., Esq., F.S.A., Stoney Bank, Huddersfield. *NoRrOLK, His Grace the Duke of, Hereditary Earl Marshal. *N0RT0N, The Hon. G. C, Kettlethorpe Hall, Wakefield. North, Mrs., Scarborough. I^ORTH, J. W., Esq., Wakefield. Ormerod, Thomas, Esq., Woodfield, Brighouse. ■*PoLLiNGTON, The ViscouNT, 8, John-street, Berkeley-square, London, Philips, Eev. Gilbert H., M.A., Eural Dean, Brodsworth Vicarage,. Doncaster. *PiLKiyGTON, Sir Lionel M. S., Bart., Chevet Hall, Wakefield. EiPON, The Most Hon. the Marquess of, K.G., D.C.L., Studley Eoyal, near Eipon. *Eamsden, Sir John W., Bart., M.P,, Byram, Ferrybridge. (Two copies.) Eaine, Eev. Canon, York. Eayner, E. Lee, Esq., Ings Grove, Mirfield. ♦Egberts, G. H., Esq., South Parade, Wakefield. Egberts, C, Esq., Wakefield. *EoBiNsoN, Mrs., The Priory, St. Leonard's-on-Sea. EoBiNSON, Fred., Esq., Wakefield. Eiley, H., Esq., Edwood Hall. Sagae, H., Esq., Whitefield House, Nelson, near Burnley. *Salt, Sir Titus, Bart, Crow Nest, Halifas:. (One large and one small copy.) *Salt, Edward, Esq., J. P., Ferniehurst, Shipley, near Leeds. Sanderson, Michael, Esq., Scarborough. •"Sanderson, T. K., Esq., South Parade, Wakefield. Scholefield, Mrs., Boyne Hill, Wall Green, Wakefield. ScHoriELD, Philip, Esq., Maltby Hall, Eotherham. LIST OF SUBSCEIBERS. ix. ScHOLEFiELD, Matthew S,, Esq., Batley. Senior, Thomas, Esq., Solicitor, Ash Grove, Bradford. ' Shaep, Eev. John, Horbury Vicarage, Wakefield. *Shaw, Joseph, Esq., Woodlands, Sandal, Wakefield. Shaw, E. P., Esq., Wakefield. Sheard, Michael, Esq., Batley. *SiMPS0N, Mrs., Walton, Wakefield. (Two copies.) ♦Simpson, E. T., Esq., Walton, Wakefield. (Two copie?.) *SiMPSON, Edward, Esq., Crofton Hall, Wakefield. *SiMPSON, Charles H., Esq., Ack worth, Pontefract. Skaife, Robert H., Esq., The Mount, York. *Smeatham, Mrs., Clinton House, Harrogate. (One large copy and two small copies.) Smirthwaite, J. S., Esq., Grove House, Wakefield. Smith, Mrs., Bank House. Smith, Alfred, Esq., Wakefield. Stansfeld, Thos. Wolryche, E.«q., Weetwood Grove, near Leeds* Stewart, W. H., Esq., Wakefield. Stewart, Martin, Esq., Wakefield. Surtees, Eev. Scott F., Eectory, Sprotbro', Doncaster. SuTCLiFFE, Mrs., 17, Dover-street, Manchester. Sutcliffe, W., Esq., Bacup, Lancashire. (Two copies.) *Sykes, Christopher, Esq., M.P., Brantingham Park, Brough. Sykes, John, Esq., M.D., F.S.A., Doncaster. *Taylor, Thos,, Esq., Coroner, Wakefield. Tew, Percy, Esq., J. P., Wakefield. Theakston, S. W., Esq., Scarborough. *Thompson, Mrs. , Rue Vineuse, Passy, Paris. Thompson, John, Esq., Cheadle, near Manchester. ■^Thompson, Fred., Esq., Wakefield. Thompson, Robt., Esq., Carr Field, Luddenden. Thompson, Tom, Esq., 42, St. Domingo Grove, Liverpool. *Thompson, George. Esq., Bank House. •^Thompson, W. H., Esq., Stansfeld Hall. ■*Thompson, William, Esq., Scarcroft, Leeds. *T0MLiNS0N, W. H. B., Esq., Mayor of Wakefield. Tomlinson, Rev. Routh, Kirkthorp Vicarage, Wakefield. ToMLiNSON, G. W,, Esq., Ramsden-street, Huddersfield. TooTAL, Charles, Esq., Wakefield. Townsend, H., Esq., Stubbing House. *Varley, J., Esq., Edgerton House, Huddersfield. * Wharncliffe, The Right Hon. Lord, Wortley Hall, SheflBeld. Walker, — , Esq., Scarborough. Ward, John, Esq., Wakefield. X LIST OF SUBSCBIBEES. Watson, William, Esq., Wakefield. *Westerman, G. H., Esq., J. P., SanJal, AVakefield. *White, J. ToLSON, Esq., Halesfield, Altofts, Normanton. Whitehead, F. F., Esq., Beech Hill, Saddleworth. WiGGLESwoRTH, J AMES, Esq., Wakefield. Wilkinson, Mrs., Trinity-street, Huddersfield. (Two copies.) Wilkinson, Johnson, Esq., Triuity-street, Huddersfield. (Two copies. ) Wilkinson, Joseph, Esq., Barnsley. Wilkinson, J., Esq., Austliorpe Lodge. AYilson, Edmund, Esq., Red Hall, Leeds. Wilson, J,, Esq., Gainsborough. Wilson, H. S. L., Esq., Crofton, Wakefield. *WiLSON, J. W. PiiMiXGTON, Esq., J. P., Broomhead Hall, Sheffield. Wilson, Matthew, Esq., J. P., Eshton Hall, Gargrave. Wilson, W, R., Esq., AVakefield. *\ViNN, Charles, Esq., J.P., Nostel Priory, Wakefield. AVooD, Eev. J. S., D.D., President of St. John's College, Cambridge. AVooD, Miss, Alford, Lincolnshire. *WooDHEAD, Captain, Wakefield. *Wormald, Major, Dewsbury, WoRMALD, Henry, Esq., Wakefield. Wright, S. M., Esq., Solicitor, Bacup. The Library of St. John's College, Cambridge. The Library of the Public Record Office. *The Public Library, Leeds. PREFACE, The materials for the following pages have been de- rived for tlie most part from the State Papers preserved in tlie Public Eecord Office ; tlie manuscript collec- tions in tlie British. Museum have been of great ser- vice in the preparation of the explanatory notes ; and the ordinary sources of historical information have been occasionally employed to complete a narrative which might otherwise appear disjointed. It has been my object to illustrate Yorkshire history and biography, as far as possible, in the very words of the principal actors in the events described. I have to express my best acknowledgments to Lord Eomilly for his liberal permission to take the fac- similes used in the volume ; and to Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy, the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records, for his kind interest in the work, and his friendly advice on many points in connection with it. Mr. Alfred Kingston, of the Public Ilecord Office, has rendered much help in my various researches. To many who are more immediately interested in the subject I am under considerable obligations. To say that Lord Houghton encouraged my efforts is but to repeat the experience of many literary aspirants. Mr. 3di PBEFACE. J. L. Femandes and Mr. W. S. Banks, of "Wakefield, have watched the progress of the work, and have made many useful suggestions. The services of these two gentlemen demand special recognition ; but I hesitate to mention the names of other friends, lest an omission should give offence. It remains for me to return my warm thanks to the numerous subscribers who have enabled me to issue the volume. J. J. C. London, 10th October, 1872. TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER I.— SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. His ancestry — bii'th-place — studies the law — placed on the Council of the North — serves in Scotland, and is knighted — buys estates — member for York — member for Yorkshire — elected Speaker — Vice-President of the North — letters about the Council and the mustering of troops — conducts Mary Queen of Scots to Tutbury — President and leading members of the Council — rumours of rebellion — instructions to the justices — Gargrave reports to the Privy Council — Outbreak of the rebellion— measures for its suppression — Lord Hunsdon reaches Doncaster — his letter from that place — Yorkshiremeu inclined to favour the rebels — numbers of the rebels — Gargrave in command at Pontefract — the rebels enter Yorkshire, and commit great spoil — their intent to seize York, Wakefield, &c. — find themselves checked — Lords Clinton and Warwick levy troops in the middle coun- ties, and march northwards — Edward Carey in Sandal Castle — his letter from thence — Clinton and Warwick reach Ripon, and the rebels dis- perse — the lands, goods, &c., of the rebels seized — summary execu- tions — Qargi-nve . appaiuJEd — S- h o rifi '— liis-^ comp laint,, , of the expense Attfimiing-the— effiee — letter showing the busy nature of his em- ployment — propositions to Cecil — Sir Thomas Calverley — the Queen's acknowledgment of Gargrave's services — a suitor for relief for his •charges — advises stern laws — examination of Thomas Leigh, of Mid- dleton — iiavexty of-Yorkshire^^the cases of Cuthbert Athye and Gabriel Gi'een — Gargrave pleads their excuses — his account of Northumber- land's execution — lack of counsellors at York — popular opinions on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew's — the laws too gentle — Gargrave's allowance of wine stinted — -list of the .pxincipal^and minor gentry of- Yorkshire^ ^iljth their religious opinions — survey of Wakefield old park — Gargrave's three suits for its possession — his will — dissipation of his estates, and unhappy fate of his descendants. pp. 1—87. CHAPTER IL— ^IR MARTIN FROBISHER. Disputes about his birth-place — account of the Frobishers of Altofts — probable year of Martin's birth — taken in hand, by Sir John Yorke — two voyages to Guinea — suspected of piracy, and jilaced under exami- xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS. nation — Lis voyage from Newcastle in the Mart/ Floiver — Lis outfit, &c. — di'iven into Scarborough — placed under the charge of the Archbishop of York — Walter Darby's account of the same voyage — John Fi-obisher lands at Burlington for provisions — the captain apprehended at Yar- mouth, but soon released — Martin's impecuuiosity — a hulk fitted out for him in the Queen's service — his doubtful relations with the Earl of Desmond — seeks help from the Muscovy Company — meets his old ac- quaintance, Michael Lok, and enters into partnership with him — ac- counts of his first, second, and third voyages — Churchyard celebrates him in verse— quarrels with Lok— worthlessness of the ore found— Lok ruined — Frobisher's rise in the navy — a vice-admiral — services against the Armada, &c. — specimens of his letters — the Queen's letter of com- mendation — attack on Crozon fort — Frobisher's death-wound — inquisi- tion of his estates — his will — his nephew Peter. pp. 88—132. CHAPTER III.— YOEKSHIRB RECUSANTS. Effects of the Rebellion of 1569 — account of Archbishop Sandys— his contention with Dean Hutton, and letter relating thereto — a secret letter to Cecil about the state of the county — Oswald and Peter Wil- kinson, Sir Thomas Metham, Drs. Carter and Sidgwick, and other Recusants — the Archbishop's letter to the Council, with list of Recu- sants, their places of abode, and an estimate of their lands and goods — ■ search of Arthiugton house — Martin Birkhead's report on the assizes at Y''ork — association among the gentry and others of the county for the Queen's defence — Sir John Hotham's account of Roger Tocketts, Thomas Waterton, and others— Gromoud Abbey and its inmates— the search there — letters of Thomas, Lord Burghley, President of the North — assessment of certain Recusants. pp. 133-181. CHAPTER IV.— YORKSHIRE REPRESENTATIVES AND THEIR CONTEMPORARIES, 1603-1628. Sir John Savile, of Howley — his services in Parliament — deposed from the ofiice of Custos Rotulorum of the county — Sir Thomas Went- wortli succeeds him — enmity between Savile and Wentworth — Sir Arthur Ingram, of Temple Newsam — disgraced at court — preparations for the election of 1620 — Sir Henry Savile, of Methley— Sir George Calvert — Sir Richard Beaumont, of Whitley— Sir John Jackson, of Hickleton — correspondence about the election — Wentworth and Fair- fax triumphant for the county — a petition agaiust them — proceedings in Parliament referring to it — the election declared good — the revived borough of Pontefract and its members — Wentworth defeated by the Saviles in 1623 — sits for Pontefract — dispute about the second member — election in 1625— Wentworth and Fairfax returned— the petition TABLE OF CONTENTS. xv against tliem successful — again returned — Parliament immediately dis- solved— Wentworth pricked for Sheriff— the forced loan— list of York- shire deftiulters — Wentworth's disgrace— Sir John Savile, Comptroller of the Household — AVentworth joins the King's party, and is made Pre- sident of the North — Wentworth and Savile created peers— death of Savile, and account of his estates — Wentworth's letter depicting- the plague in Yorkshire — final characteristic letter. pp. 182—256. CHAPTER v.— TOWNS AND THEIR TRADES. A description of Scarborough in the time of Elizabeth — construction and repair of the pier there — report of the bailiffs— Seamer market attempts to suppress it successful — report of mayor and corporation of Hull and of Yoi-k — the York bakers — the corn-dealers of Hull dis- putes between York and Hull merchants — Ripon ale-houses — petitions of Leeds, Halifax, atd Wakefield against the imposition of shipmoney — the West Riding clothiers— petition of Leeds clothiers— reports of justices from Halifax, Doncaster, Bradford, Wakefield, Staincross, &c., on the stock of corn, the suppression of ale-houses, &c. — letter of Sir Henry Savile — note about tobacco-dealers — Assessment for shipmoney. ,pp. 257—323. * CHAPTER YL— TRAVELLERS' NOTES IN 1634 AND 1639. The three members of the Noble Military Company at Norwich set forth on their travels — enter Yorkshire — old knitting Doncaster — Robia Hood's Well — Pomfret and its Castle — their lodgings at York the Minster — the Council of the North and the clei-ical dignitaries Sir Arthur Ingram's house— another journey to York, and notes by the way — York ordinaries, &c. — Ripon, Bradford, and Halifax. pp. 324— 339. APPENDICES. Appendix A.— Miscellaneous Correspondence — letters of Sir Henry Savile, of Methley, about his baronetcy, &c. — Sir Thomas Savile, of Howley — Sir Richard Beaumont, &c. pp. SIS — 353. Appendix B.— List of Parliamentary Representatives of Yorkshire from 1542 to 1640. pp. 354—363. Appendix C. — Dodsworth's account of the river Calder. pp. 364—365. Appendix D. — The observations of William Vavasour, of Hazel wood, Esq., with his list of neighbouring nobility and gentry. pp. 366—371. Appendix E.— Contributors to the Queen's Loan, 1590, in York, Hull,, and the diocese of York. y-p- 372 — 376. INDEX pp. 377— 392. LIST OF FAC-SIMILES. To face Page 1. Letter of Sir Thomas Gargrave 60 2. Letter of Sir Martin Frobisher 120 S. Signatures of Justices attending Wakefield Sessions, lltli Jan., 1627-8 303 4. Signatures of Deputy-Lieutenants at York, 11th Jan., 1638-9 329 CHAPTERS IN THE HISTORY OF YORKSHIRE. CHAPTER I. SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. The roll of Yorkshire Worthies is a long one_, and so rich is it in names distinguished in every kind of knowledge and action, that it is easy to understand how the claims of some men equally deserving of the title may be overlooked. Surely the subject of this First Chapter is fit to take his place amongst the best of them ; yet but little has been hitherto done to pre- serve him in our memories. An attempt to remedy this defect will form a not unapt introduction to the task we have undertaken. The Gargraves were a family of some antiquity in the neighbourhood of Wakefield, as a well-authen- ticated pedigree of them shows. Sir John Gar- grave, Knight, described as of Snapethorpe and Gar- grave, was Master of the Ordnance, and a Governor in France under King Henry the Fifth. He was tutor to Richard, Duke of York, who was slain at the Battle B 2 SIE THOMAS GAUGE AVE. of Wakefield^ in 1460. Sir Jolin Gargrave was buried at Bayonne, in France. From his second son, William, was descended Thomas Gargrave, who married Eliza- beth, daughter of William Levett, of Normanton. The only issue of this marriage was the subject of the- present memoir. Thomas, the father, owned some land in the " Pear-tree* Acres, in Kirkgate,^* Wakefield, as appears by an inquisition taken in the reign of Henry the Eighth. That the '^ Pear-tree Acres " was the site- of the son^s birth-place, is touchingly evident to us by his own words ; for towards the close of his long life, he prayed the Queen to be allowed to purchase from her the Old Park at Wakefield, adding, "^ I would build me a dwelling-house therein, for that it adjoineth to the place where I was born, and where my land lieth.^f The date of his birth is very uncertain. Lodge, in his ^'' Illustrations of British History,^' first published at the end of the last century, speaks of a portrait, then in * In the Court-rolls of the Manor of Wakefield it is called Pear Trees ; the catalogue of the Earl of Straftord's sale de- scribes it as the " Pear-Tree Meadow," containing 2 acres 1 rood 20 perches. t The Station of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Com- pany is built upon the Pear-tree Acres ; and the fact of it» neighbourhood to the Old Park of Wakefield is preserved to us by the Park Street, which forms the principal approach to it. A survey of the manor of Wakefield, made about the year 1545, says that "the Old Park is distant half -a mile from the town. The Pale in a convenient state, about three miles in circuit, and contains about four score fallow-deer. The new park distant one mile, and contains in circuit four miles. The paling de- cayed, low and in some places down. 220 fallow-deer." ON THE COUNCIL OF THE NORTH. 3 the possession of Levett Hanson, Esq., of Normanton, inscribed, " Thomas Gargrave, Miles, 1570, set. 75 /' which portrait, at the time Hunter wrote his " History of South Yorkshire" — about the year 1830— was in the hands of Viscount Galway. It is difficult to believe that Gargrave had attained so great an age in the year 1570. This year and the preceding one were precisely the most active periods of his career ; he was then engaged, as we shall presently see, in the suppression of the Northern Rebellion. Few particulars can be gleaned of his early life. Thus much, however, is clear, from his own letters, and from other sources, that he was educated for the profession of the law. He must have acquired some considerable reputation in his profession, otherwise he would hardly have been placed upon the Council of the North, as one of its learned members, very shortly after the establishment of that body. The Council was first instituted in 1537, and owed its origin to the very unsettled state of the Northern Counties, caused by the suppression of the lesser monasteries. King Henry thought it advisable, before proceeding with further reforms, that a body possessed of full ruling powers should be settled at York, and so should be able to check more promptly any future disturbances. It was in the year 1539 that Gargrave first appeared as a member of the Council, and in that capacity he continued throughout the remainder of life. The untiring energy with which he performed the 4 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. duties assigned to him is sufficiently evident in the letters wliicli lie wrote at a later period of his life, and from which we shall hereafter quote ; and there can be little doubt that this quality was equally pro- minent on his first appointment. In 1547 he accompanied the Earl of Warwick into Scotland, acting as Treasurer of the expedition, and while there he received the honour of knighthood. Shortly after his return he made large purchases of land in Wakefield and the neighbourhood; and these acquisitions, together with the reputa- tion he seems already to have gained as a man of marked vigour and ability, placed him in the first rank of the West Riding gentry. Kinsley Hall, near Hemsworth, was his principal residence for many years previous to his adding Nostel Priory and estate to his possessions. From the accession of Edward the Sixth down to the year 1580, no name is of more frequent occurrence in the afiairs of the West Riding than that of Sir Thomas Gar grave. It was just after his return from Scotland that the first Parliament of Edward was summoned, and the City of York honoured Gargrave by returning him as one of its representatives. In the succeeding Parlia- ment, too, which began and ended its sittings in March, 1553, the like distinction was conferred upon him. A year or two later his reputation was sufficiently great to cause bim to aspire to, and to obtain, the still higher dignity of a knight of the shire. CHOSEN SPEAKER. 5 During the reign of Queen Mary, Gargrave was especially active on the Council of the North_, and he had to make frequent journeys to Newcastle, Berwick, and other places. The Scots, about this time, were making great inroads on the Marches, driving away cattle, burning houses, and taking pri- soners. The Council, in consequence, had their time well occupied in devising means to suppress this evil, and especially in raising troops in the Northern coun- ties. This latter was by no means an easy task, from the unwillingness of people to serve so unpopular a government. In the first Parliament of Queen Elizabeth, Sir Thomas Gargrave was again returned for the county. The journals of the House of Commons, under the date of 25th of January, 1558-59, tell us that " by the first motion and nomination of Mr. Treasurer of the Queen's House, the Worshipful Sir Thomas Gargrave, Knt., one of the Honourable Council in the North Parts, and learned in the laws of this Realm, was, with one voice of the whole House, chosen to be Speaker.''^ It would appear that, in accordance with a time- honoured custom, Gargrave professed but a modest opinion of his own fitness for the oJSice, and prayed the Queen that he might be excused ; for in a speech ad- dressed to him by the Lord Keeper, Sir Nicholas Bacon, the following passage occurs : " Her Majesty, being credibly informed of your approved fidelity, wisdom, and discretion, and of the long experience you have 6 SIR THOMAS GARGRJ VE. had in Parliament matters, thinketh that if she should consent to your desire, it would be prejudicial to the service of Her Majesty and the Commonwealth of this Eealm/^ Again, the journals recount that the Queen having taken her seat upon the throne, Mr. Speaker made a notable oration, touching partly the decays of the Realm, with some remedies for the same; and also made certain petitions for the ancient liberties, which were granted by the Queen, to be used reverently and decently. On the 6th of February the Speaker was one of those deputed to demand an audience of Her Majesty, and to request her, in the name of the nation, to be pleased to take to herself a husband. Parliaments had no long life in those days, and this one was no exception to the rule, for it was dissolved on the 8th May in the same year. On this occasion, we are told, Mr. Speaker made another learned oration, much praised by the Lord Keeper. The Queen shortly afterwards gave another proof of her appreciation of Gargrave^s merits. The Duke of Nor- folk was about this time appointed Lieutenant- Greneral of the North, and in the open instructions delivered to him by Elizabeth, Sir Thomas Gargrave is specially recommended in civil matters ; the secret instructions with which the Duke was also supplied direct that in matters of war other Counsellors may be consulted, but that in civil business no step was to be taken without the assent being had of Sir Thomas Gargrave. CHANGES IN THE COUNCIL. 7 Francis,, Earl of Shrewsbury^ was Lord-Lieutenant of Yorkshire and President of the Council of the North at this time, and a letter of his dated from Ferry-bridge on the 17th of January, 1559-60, to Sir William Cecil, states that he was about to take some troops to Newcastle, and that he had appointed his "verie loving freend, Sir Thomas Gargrave, knight,^^ Vice-President in his absence, " who I right well knowe bothe canne and will execute the same accordinglie, and in as willinge and painfull wise, as if myself werre present." In the following month Gargrave was commissioned to go into Holderness to raise as many soldiers there as he should think needful to furnish four ships then lying at Hull. It was but a few months after this, that is, on the 21st of September, 1560, that the Earl died, and it was necessary to supply his place as President of the Council. Sir William Cecil thought this a likely opportunity for making some change in the constitu- tion of the Board, or, at any rate, effecting some reduction of expenditure. He applied to Gargrave, as the man whose opinion was best worth having on the subject. The reply has great interest for us in the information given about the Council, so we append it at full length : — Sir Thomas Gargrave to Sir William Cecil. " My deuty humbly remembryd to your master- shyppe. I receyvyd your mastershypps letter upon 8 SIR THOMAS GARGBAVE. Friday last,, beyng in my iorney to kepe a sessyon& wyclie I wytli otliers have apoyntyd to be kepte tlirouglie this shyre in every hundreth twyse for the execution of certen necessary lawes^ wyche at the comon sessyons cannot be so well done^ and therfore yt was one day longer before I could answer your mastershyppe. I have herwyth sent your master- shyppe the copyes of the Commyssyons and the warrant for this Counsaillj and also two copyes of our Instructions, the one of them beyng a true copy_, and the other wyth suche additions as I have addyd_, the wyche may be usyd as shalbe thought mete. I have also in certen notes herwith declaryd myn openyon or devise to certen poynts of your letter^ the wyche I beseche you to take in good parte, bot myn openyon ys that yf yt be the queues Majestie's pleasure to place a noble man to be resydent in the ofFyce of Presydent of her Majestie's Counsaill here^ that his fee of one thowsand pounds by yere for the dyett of the Counsaill cannot be demynyshed, for that he shall here by all things if the peny [sic.) without provission, so that then the queues Majestic, I think, cannot save any of her highnes charges, onles yt shuld be in some tryfell of some Counsalor's fee. Surely moche cannot be savyd^ onles it were in the L. Pr. absens, and by lessenyng the nombr of Counsailors, and with the alteration of the estate thereof, I dare not take upon me to intermedle, unles yt were by conference with your mastershyppe or others, yet I have herwith sent ATTORNEYS OF THE COUNCIL. 9 one note concernyng tliat matter wyclie is al I wold do in this lytle tyme. ^^ Sir^ for accompts of the Attornay ther ys none that I knowe^ her was never any attornay^ nor fynes, or amercyments assessyd or tak}Ti by this Counsaill, bot abont 2 yeres before the dethe of quene Mary, and then that matter was placyd in our Instructions at my suyte^ for I thought yt wold be a means to bring the people to conformyte and make them ferefull bothe to do evyll and to disobey, and at that tyme my lord president that last was gote placyd therin as attornay Mr. Thomas Sutton_, his servant,, whoo occupyed that oJ0fice 2 yeres, beyng nather bounden to accompte, nor yet dyd at any time accompte to my knowlege. At my beyng at London this tyme too yeres, the said Mr. Sutton dyd lett me se a note of his. Eeceyte for his tyme, and therby yt appered he hayd very lytle more then his awne fee, wyche ys appoyntyd 20?. by yere, to be takyn of theys fynes and forfetures, and at the makyng of our last Instructions your mastershj^pe placyd in that Eowme Wylliam Woderoffe,* whoo at that time was sycke, and occupyed by a deputy 2 syttyngs and dyed, and aboute thys tyme twelve- month Rychard Whallay, somtymes of Grays Inne, was by the queues Majesties letter apoyntyd, whoo hayth occupyed this yere, and ben so syckly that * Thomas Woodrove, of Woolley, Esq. , who married Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Waterton, of Walton, Esq., and died in 1549, had a son "William, no doubt the person here indicated. 10 SIR THOMAS GARGBAVE. lie could not come to accompt^ and nowe lie ys dede alsOj so that as yet tlier ys none accompte takyn for tjiat offiyce. I thynke ys fee were suflfycyent to be 10/., or 20 marks besj^des liis ganes. " Sir_, — The late L. president,, whoys soule God pardon, did lye for the most part (furth of syttyngs) at his howse at Shefeld, wyche was the sowthyst parte of his Commyssyon, and was therfor moche troble to sutorSj but for the most parte this 10 yeres I have kepte the scale as Vice-president at myn awne howse without any fee, allowance, or reward, the wyche in dede was bot 14 myles more southe then Shefeld, bot in myn openyon Yorke ys the metyste place for the body of the Counsaill to remaine at for al sutors and others that shuld repare to the Counsaill, and also for the mayntenance of that pore cety ^vyche lakyng the CounsailFs repare wyll in shorfce tyme moche decay. " Yt ys good to have yerly one syttyng in North- umberland, Westmoreland, or Cumberland as occasion shall serve and there to continewe a moneth togethers and to kepe in that syttyng one gaole delyvere, and that was found to do moche good in King Henry the 8th's days. ^^Nottynghamshyre ys not within the Commyssyon of this Counsaill; Nottynghamshyre, Darbyshyre, Cheshyre, and Lancashyre be all within the levetenancy of the north, bot not wythin the Commyssyon of the presi- dent ; ther ys only in that Commyssyon Yorkshyre, the bishoppriche of Duryame, Northumberland, Cumber- CIRCULATION OF BASE COIN. 11 land^ Westmoreland^ the Cety of Yorke, Kyngston- upcn-Hull_, Newcastell,, Carlyle and Barwyke. Thus ashamyd of my long and tedyous letter, I reffere myselfe to your goodnes and have herwith sent you certen notesj &c., &c. At Kynslay, in hayst, the 10th of November^ 1560. " Your mastershyppes assuryd^ ever to command^ "Thomas Gaegrave." "Our syttyngs andgaole delyvere her shuldbegynne ather the 25th of this instant or the second day of December next, yf ordre be takyn for the dyetts_, wyche I wold wyshe to be, bothe for that the cuntrye lokyth to have thayr matters hard^ and ther ys also many persons in the gaole/^* Same to the Same. "My deuty humble consyderyd to your good master- shyppe yt may please the same to be advertysyd that I with the Counsaill here have kepte our syttyng here at York and nowe endyd the same^ we do repare every man to his awne howse^ thanks be unto God, the people presently be in good quiett_, savyng the treble thay fynd in the baser sorte of moneys, wyche be nowe refucyd to be takyn for any warres onles yt be by compulsion of some ofipycer, some do thynk that be- * The above letter is contained amongst the Foreign State Papers of the reign of Elizabeth, l^o. 704 in the Calendar for the year 1560. 12 SIR THOMAS GABGRAVE. cause the cuntre ys so furre dystant from London^ and therfor a grett matter to convey tliayr base moneys theder, that a mynt placyd her at Yorke for a tyme wold be grett ease and quiett to the people and shortely bryng in bothe the sortes of the base moneys, but for that the estableshement yerof and provysyon of necessaryes yerfor wold aske some tyme. I do suppose that yf one or 2 thowsand pounds of good moneys myght be send hether for exchaunge of the baser sorte of testons* of 2id._, or else that proclama- tions myght be mayd that the sayd testons shuld be recevyd into the mynt as buUyon for 2 or 3 moneths after the tyme thay be proclamyd to be currant, that ather of theys ways wold fully quyett the people, and especyally the grett nomber of the pore and ignorant, as handycraftsmen, pore husbandmen, and laborers (who may not spare thayr moneys, to send to London for exchange). " The southo parte of this shyre adionyng to the shyres of Lyncolne, Darbey, and Nottingham haith ben trebled wyth sundry rumors ; in some parte yt was said the queues Majestie hayd sent men to take al catall unmarked, wherupon the people mayd grett haist to cutt the eares of thayr catall, and especyally in Darbey shyre and Nottyngham shyre, and in other places towerds Hull adionyng to Lincolnshyre. The Reports were that the queues Majestie shuld have, * An English shilling was called a testone in Henry VIII. 's reign, but in the time of Elizabeth the same name was given to a sixpence. BRUITS AND RUMOURS. 13 after a certen day, for every maryage 10s. _, for every buryall 6s. 8d.^ and for every crystenyng 3s. 4d,^ so that sorae preststlieruponraaryedupon a soden (sudden) some five copies, and some 2 or 3; we have hayd too of theys prests in ward_, and dyvers others, and have apoyntyd severall sessyons for the Inquirye and punyshement thereof, we can nott by any means fynd furth the furst Inventors,, for that yt came into this shyre furth of the shyres before namyd bot upon the furst brute* therof ordre was here takyn, so that the brutes and rumores entered not furre, bot stayd upon serche for thofFendors, and I tryst that by the opyn ponyshement of some offendors^ the people for a good tyme wyll avoyde the lyke offences. ^^ As I perceive by Mr. Sayvell, your mastershippe supposyd I shuld have some occasion to repare to London, wherof I wold be ryght glad^ trysting I shuld by your good meanes, fenyshe myn old suyte^ bot as your Mastershyppe knoweth, I am apoyntyd vice-pre- sydent of the Counsail here, and yf I shuld repare to London, I have not auctorite to apoynt one in my place duryng myn absens, wherfor I shall humble desyre your Mastershyppe atlier to obtene me the Queues Majesties letters, or the Counsaills letter de- claryng her majesties pleasure to licence me to apoynt one to occupye the place of vice-presydent duryng myn absens^ and therupon I shall take ordre ac- * Bruit, noising, news. 14 SIR THOMAS GARQEAVE. cordyngly^ and repare upe wyth that spede I can, or as your Mastershyppe shall apoynt me. " Thus I am bold often to treble your mastershippe with my tedious letters, desyryng you to bere with thereyn with me, and to my power I shall remayn at your mastershyppes commandement, and beseche Almyghty God long to preserve you in helth with moche honor. At Yorke, in hayst, the 17th De- cember, 1560. "Your mastershippes ever assuryd to command, "Thomas Gaegrave.^^* Queen Elizabeths second Parliament was not sum- moned until early in 1563. A different Speaker was chosen at the first meeting, and there is an entry on the Journals of the House, under date 4th March, that Sir Thomas Gargrave, one of the knights for the County of York, had leave of absence granted to him, for great affairs, with the rest of the Council of the North Parts. The " great affairs " would appear to be further diffi- culties with the Scots on the Borders ; as we find that in August he was appointed one of the Commissioners to treat with our unpleasant neighbours for a due settle- ment of the disputes which had arisen. In March, 1564, Gargrave was busy levying troops in Yorkshire to march for the relief of Berwick, and * This letter is from tbe same source as the preceding one, and is numbered 809 in the Calendar. MUSTERING TROOPS. 15 shortly afterwards lie appears to be acting as a Com- missioner to survey and report upon Sandal Castle, called " the chief house within the Queen^s Majesty's Lordship of Wakefield/'* Again in the following year he was at work on the musters^ and a letter of his to George, Earl of Shrewsbury, shows the difiiculties he met with in this service. Sir Thomas Gargrave to the Earl of Shrewsbury. '^ My bounden deuty humble consyderyd to your good L. yt may please the same to be advertysyd that I have ben at York, wher I taryed untyll Tuysday last to have receyvyd the bokes of musters, and to have brought them to your L. bot nather at my commyng away was al the bokes certefyed, nor divers of them mayd so certen as was mete, therfor I causyd these uncertefyd to be wryttyn for, and thoders sent agane to be reformyd, and to be sent hether so shortely as they may be had. Yesterday I receivyd 3 bokes of * A return made to the Privy Council about this time of *'The names of such as have rule of certain of your Majesty's Castles and Seignories within this County of York," has this entry : '' Sir John Tempest, knight, is steward of the Lordship of Wakefield, and hath the order of the men, and keeping of Sandal Castle, and is a rule of men of service.'' Sir John's qualifications for the post are summed up in a marginal note thus — "not Ziable to rule himself nor the men ;" but it is added that Sir Thomas Gargrave dwells within three miles of the same, whose neighbourhood is a great " stay " to the people there. Sir John Tempest was of the Bracevvell and Bowling family, and succeeded his father. Sir Richard, as Steward. He died about 156G, and Edward Carey, the Queen's cousin (as we shall see in this chapter), was his successor. 16 SIB THOMAS GABGRAVE. the partes, and not one of tliem certen, and tlierfor I sent tliem agane to be made certen, and to liave tlie armor of all men certefyed, wyclie in tliayr certefycatts was omyttyd_, I never se any matter go so evyll for- wards, bot ignorance ys an evyll executor of al tliyngs ; some makytli excuse by sliortenes of tyme, others by letts* by reason of evyll wether and grett waterS; wyclie was moclie more northwards then here in these partes. The waters at Yorke and Tadcaster was very grett the last weke. So shortly as I can gett in the certefycatts I shall_, God wyllyng, wayte upon your L. with them_, and shall in the mene tyme make suche a brefe note as I can of the bokes I have for your L. I shall also bring al the bokes at large, wyche wilbe grett, and many able men certefyed, with lytle armor, thus ceasyng to treble your good L. I humble beseche Almighty God long to preserve you in helth and honor. At Kynslay, in haist, the first of Is^ovember, 1565. ^^Your good L., ever humble to command, *^ Thomas GAEGEAvE.-"t * Lets, lundrances or impediments. The verb, to let, had formerly the same signification ; thus says Hamlet — "Unhand me, gentlemen — By Heaven, I'll make a ghost of him that lets me." t This letter is preserved amongst the Talbot MSS. in the Heralds' College. The writer takes this opportunity of placino- upon record his deep obligations to the late Mr. T. VV. Kin^ F.S.A., York Herald, for the kind help given him during his visits to the College. MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS. 17 From this time up to tlie period wlien tlie Rebellion broke out^, at the end of tlie year 1569_, Sir Thomas Gargrave was actively occupied in Yorkshire with the duties arising from his position on the Council of the North. He seems to have been one of the very few statesmen of those days in whom the Queen and her eminent Secretary^ Cecil,, placed unlimited trust. The President of the North^ the Earl of Sussex^ writing to Cecil on the 10th of October, 1568, recommended the bearer of his letter. Cotton Grargrave, the only son of Sir Thomas, to the favourable notice of the Secretary, and took the opportunity of expressing the high opinion which he had of the father. " Sir Thomas Gargrave,'^ he says, " has at all times, and especially since the death of the late Archbishop, used great diligence in the service here, and is a great stay for the good order of these parts. By his travail I find the country much more in order, and where there is any lack, I find him willing to assist me.^" In January, 1568-9, the Queen wrote to him, com- manding him to assist Sir Francis Knollys in conduct- ing Mary, Queen of Scots, from Bolton to Tutbury. A stronger proof of confidence in her servant could hardly be given. A letter, addressed to the Lord President at York shortly afterwards, makes allusion to this service in the following terms : — Sir Thomas Gargeave to the Earl op Sussex. " My deuty humble remembred to your Honor, yt 18 SIR THOMAS GABGRAVE. may please the same to be advertysyd^ that I do here for serten that my L. of Shrewsbury hayth hcens to remove the Scotyshe Quene to his house at Wiugfeld^ in Derbeshyre. His L. hayth so provydyd that the sayd quene hayth herd wekely at this lent 13 sermons^ every Sonday, wednysday and friday one_, wheryn she hayth ben well perswadyd to the Eedyngs of Scryp- tures, and she ys as I am advertysyd very at- tentyfe at the sermons^ and dothe not lose one sermon. . . . Frome Kinslay, in hayst, the 3rd of Aprell, 1569. '^ Yr. good L._, ever humble to command, " Thomas Gaegrave/^* We have now reached the most interesting point in Gargrave's career_, and, indeed^ a most important episode in the annals of the county. The events connected with the outbreak and suppression of the Rebellion of the North have been very summarily dealt with by historians of this period,, from the diffi- culty that has existed in gaining trustworthy informa- tion. Some selections, therefore, from the State cor- respondence will throw great light on the subject. A few words are first needful on the constitution of the Council of the North. Thomas Radcliflfe, Earl of Sussex, was appointed President of this Council in the year 1568, having * Cotton MSS., Calig. B. IX., in the British Museum. MEMBEBS OF THE COUNCIL. 19 previously filled the office of Lord-Lieutenant of L-e- land. He cliose Sir Thomas Gargrave as his Vice- President^ and other leading members were Sir Nicholas Fairfax^* Sir Henry Gate^f John Vaughan.J William Tankard^ § and Henry Savile. 1| Thomas Eynns was the Secretary, All these counsellors received fees for their attendance ; the President was paid 1,000 marks, or £666 13s. 4d. per annum, but he was bound to entertain the members of the Council during the sittings at York, as well as their servants, the number of which latter was propor- tionate to the dignity of the master. The fee of the Vice-President was 100 marks per annum, with an allowance for " horse-meat,^^ &c. For some time before the insurrection actually broke out, there had been various rumours current of an intended rising in the North. The Justices of * Head of the Fairfax, of Walton, family, the son of Sir Thomas Fairfax and Anne, daughter of Sir William Gascoigne, of Gawthorpe. In 1563 he sat in Parliament as member for the county, and held the office of steward of the lands lately be- longing to St. Mary's Abbey, in York. f Of Seamer. He was condemned, and narrowly escaped execution as an adherent of Lady Jane Grey. For his services in the suppression of the Rebellion, he had numerous grants of land in Yorkshire, including a lease of the parsonage of Hun- manby. He died at Seamer 7th April, 1589. X Of Sutton upon Derwent. § Of Boroughbridge, which place he represented in the Parlia- ment of 1553. II Of Lupset, near Wakefield, commonly called the Surveyor. He was High Sheriff in the tenth year of Queen Elizabeth. He first appears on the list of counsellors in 1556. 20 SIR THOMAS GARGBAVE. the Peace for Yorkshire appeared before the Council on the 1st of October, 1569, and were specially ad- vised as to the execution of the trust committed to them ; they were directed to cause good watch to be kept in all borough towns, market towns, and places throughout the shire, and to apprehend any persons. uttering seditious speeches. It is said that they re- turned with ^^ good- will and diligence '^ to execute their charge. The Earl of Sussex wrote to Sir' William Cecil a few days later to the efiPect that the reports were becoming so prevalent that Sir William Ingleby and Francis Slingsby,* who had the custody of Knaresborough Castle under the Earl of Cumberland, had secretly repaired there with some other gentlemen dwelling thereabouts, and remained to keep the Castle, promising to be ready with their lives and forces at one hour^s warn- ing. Sussex did not appear to have any fear of any immediate rising, for, as he expressed it, "the time of the year will shortly cool hot humours." On the 27th of October the Privy Council wrote letters to several of the Yorkshire gentry, intima- ting that they had heard in various ways of some * Both these gentlemen were connected by marriage with some of the principal rebels ; a confirmation of the saying of the Earl of Sussex, that "he is a rare bird that hath not some of his with the two Earls." Isabel, daughter of Sir William Ingleby, of Ripley, knight, was married to Thos. Markenfield, of Markenfield, near Ripon, Esq. Francis Slingsby, of Scriven, Esq., married Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas Percy, second brother of the Earl of Northumberland. FEABS OF A COMMOTION. 21 late troubles, or some rumours of troubles, in tlie North parts, and tliouglit it needful that they should understand where these rumours had had their be- ginning. They, therefore, desired the person whom they addressed, "being assured of his fidelity,^^ to furnish them, speedily and secretly, with such in- formation as he could gain relating to these matters. Sir Thomas Gargrave was one of the gentry thus addressed. He made the following reply : — Sir Thomas Gargrave to the Privy Council. " My duetie humblie considered to your Honors. It maye please the same to be advertised, that I receyved your good L.L. lettre of the 26th of Octobre upon Sonday last, and synce that time I have conferred with suche as I thought mete, to learne what I coulde of the ■occasions of the late rumors in thies partes, for at inyne owne house or in the parts where I dwell (beinge in the Sowthe parte of this Shire), I coulde not learne any thinge therof, by reason of the distannce frome the places where the same beganne, which was in the bishopriche of Durham_, and in the north parts of Yorkeshire, for untill I was sent for to L. President 1 harde not at all therof, and being sent for to my Lorde President upon the 8th of Octobre last, I came imydi- atlie to his L., and founde with hym Sir Henrye Gate, and Mr. John Yaghan, who also his L. had sent for_, and there his L. declared to us that he had herd frome others that the rumor abrode was a commotion was 22 SIR THOMAS GAEGRAVE, intended, in tliies yarts to be begonne, eytber tlie niglit then last past^ or the nigbt tben next to come,, or tbe niglit next after tbat, and tbat it was tliought liis L. sbulde be taken in liis house, and tliat it was tben feared tliat the Erles of Northumbreland and West- moreland shulde be privie therunto, and his L. said he could not heare, nor knowe, of any speciall awthor of the said Rumors nor of any facte or words of creditt spoken to affirme the same. And hereupon his L. and we consulted togither, what upon this sodan (sudden) was best to be done to prevent and anoye them, and to kepe frome them, Yorke, Hull, and Ponntfrett Castell, and emongest other things, consideringe that both the aforesaid Erles were nye unto Yorke, it was thought good to send for them to mete my L. President and Counsaile at Yorke the next day, and by that meanes the truthe might bettre appeare, whereupon they were sent for and came bothe the next daye, whereby the greate feare was taken awaye, and upon conferrence at the Counsaile borde here, they bothe agreed they had herd suche rumors, but they affirmed they neyther knewe the auctors, nor the causes therof, but they wold both endeavor themselfes to enqueare thereof and to se thoffendors punyshed. And the Erie of Westmore- land protested that if any commotion shulde arrise, he wold be the fir§te that shulde adventure his life to re- presse it, and therle of Northumbreland said he wold do the like, and (to my knoweledge) what by this dayes worke, and the repaire to the Corte of the Duke of VABIOUS REPORTS. 23 Nortiifolke^ all tlie brutes and rumors liere were sodenlie ceassid^ and not lierd of in the contrye where I dwell over a weke after this tyme. And surelie I cannott certenlie lerne the causes or occasions of the said rumors_, otherwise then by coniectures and un- certen reports. As some thinke when the brute was here that the Duke of Northfolke shulde marie the Scottishe quene^ it was thought Religion wolde alter^ and in the necke therof it folowed that the said Duke was gone into Norfolke_, and sundrie in the northe parties of this Shire and in the bishopriche about that tyme beinge towards the said Erles toke upp their horses into the stables as was bruted^ and many also at the same tyme prepared plate cootes and privie cootes_,* and at the same tyme^ the Justices of peace were called togethers and commaunded to represse rumors and to prepare themselves, and their lawfuU powers in ready- neSj and for the more savetie of the contrye were com- maunded to cause streyte watches to be kept for a tyme. All thies together or some of them, with the brute of alteringe of Religion weare (as it is thought) the causes of the brutes and rumors for other apparaunt causes is not knowen, but whether any horses were taken upp otherwise then in tymes past hath bene used I knowe not. *^And of any inconvenyent assemblies at unlawfull tymes_, or preparinge of munition or armor (other then * A privy-coat is a light coat or defence of mail, concealed under the ordinary habit. 24 SIE THOMAS GABGRAVE. before I have said) surelie I cannot certenlie undre- standj I have herd that the common people in their greate feare bruted suche matters of armies of assembhes in wodds^ but there is not knowen any certentie thereof neyther of the place nor of the persons^ some feare also might be in the peoples heads of other matters^ not appa- annte^nor knowen to me. Surelie in myneoppinion if any assemblies or confederacies were made it was done by some fewe selecte persons,, by whose examynations nowe appointed to be had in thies parts^ it is like that some more mattre will appeare^ if there be any. Thus I am tedious to your Honors in thies uncerten matters besichinge yowe to accepte it in good parte^ and to my power^ duringe life^ I shall remayne readie to serve the queues Majestic accordinge to my most bounden duetie^ most humblie besichinge almightie God longe to preserve your Honors in health and felicitie to contynewe — from Yorke in haste the Seaconde of Novembre, 1569. " Your humble servant to command, ^^ Thomas Gaegeave.'^* Sir Henry Gate's repty to the Privy Council gives us a few personal details. On the evening of the 7th he was at Mr. Vaughan's house at Sutton^ with other gentlemen^ when a letter came from the Lord Presi- * From the Addenda to the Domestic State Papers of Eliza- beth, Vol. XV. THE TWO EABLS. 26 dent,, desiring them to repair to Mm fortliwitlij at Cawood^ eight miles distant. They arrived there between five and six in the morning, and his Lordship came forth in his night-gown, bare-legged, to confer with them. They debated the matter for an hour, and Sussex then desired them to consider further, while he slept for an hour, as he had not done so all the night before, and by that time Sir Thomas Gargrave would be come. Two hours afterwards Sir Thomas arrived. Mary, Queen of Scots, was at this time imprisoned in Tutbury Castle. The ambitious designs of the Duke of Norfolk upon her hand had become known to Elizabeth, and he had been thrown into the Tower. Shortly after the Earls of Northumberland and West- moreland had appeared before the Council at York, the Queen summoned them to her presence. Instead of obeying this command, Northumberland fled precipi- tately from Topcliffe,* where he lived, and joined West- moreland at Brancepeth. On the 13th of November, Sir George Bowes reported to the Council of the f Topcliffe is a parish-town on the river Swale, 24 miles from York, formerly called the Jordan of England, because Angustin and Paul are said, in the year 620, to have baptized in this river between Topcliffe and Helperby 10,000 men in one day, besides women and children. The population of the neighbourhood of York may be accepted as somewhat scanty and scattered at that period, so one hesitates to regard the above statement as strictly accurate. Leland calls " Topeclif an uplandish town, whos praty manor place stands on a hill about half-a-mile from, the town on the ripe of iSwale." Charles I. was a prisoner in this house of the Percies, which is now in ruins. 26 SIR THOMAS GAEGEA VE. Nortli that tlie two Earls, old Ricliard Norton* and liis sonSj Thomas Markenfield_,t and other gentlemen were assembled together in arms. Two days later they were reported to have entered Durham, and com- mitted various outrages in the cathedral ; so that there could be no doubt of their rebellious designs. The Council of the North took prompt measures to meet this movement. Letters were addressed to the * Of Norton Conyers, near Ripon. He was one of the Council of the North, and High SheriflF at this time. From his great age he was called the Patriarch of the Rebellion. t Of Markenfield, near Ripon. There is preserved an in- teresting survey of the forfeited estates of Norton and Marken- field, of which the following is an abstract : — Richard Norton has a brick house, which looks fair, but is all out of order within. It is well placed, with apt grounds for gardens and orchards, wherein he had pleasure ; within half a mile of his house he has a park of one and a-half miles, well stored with timber. It has been stored with deer and conies, which are now almost spoiled. Of his demesnes, part is good ground lying about the river Ure, but the grounds on the rivers are not so good as those by the rivers in the south. His demesnes are about 650 acres. As Norton's house lies two miles from Ripon, N.E., Mr. Markenfield's is one mile, S.W., an ancient house, built all of stone, to the out- ward show fair and stately ; the hall and the lodging side em- battled, more in length than breadth, and three sides environed with an evil moat, but the house is served with a conduit very plentifully. Against the entry of the court are built the hall and kitchen ; on the right hand of the court the lodgings, and on the left the stables, brew-houses, and offices. The hall and lodgings are all vaults, and were at first built all about one high room. Besides the vaults, the walls are of a great height, without order, whereof part is divided at the mid-transom of the window, so that the rooms are all out of order. The house is placed in a park of the like quantity of Mr. Norton's, but better ground, and well planted with large timber. There is a demesne adjoining of 800 acres, with no quantity of water meadow, but much hay is made in seasonable years. — See Domestic State Papers, Addenda, Eliz., Yol. XVIII. LORD HUNSDON AT DON CASTER. 27 Justices and principal gentlemen ot the county^ re- quiring them to levy all the horsemen and footmen they could^ and bring them together at certain ap- pointed places. Henry Carey^ Lord Hunsdon^* had been appointed Governor of Berwick^ and was soon on the march northwards to defend Newcastle. From Doncaster he made the following report to the Privy Council : — Lord Hunsdon to the Privy Council. " It may plese your LL. too be advertysyd that by reson of long tarryynge for horsys by the way^ and the extreme fowle ways_, yt ys thys Sunday nyght byfor I cowld reche thys towne of Dankaster,, wher I fynde my L. Darcy^f who beynge as far as Pumfrett onward towards Yorke was fayne too returne hythar for feare of beynge taken,, for yesternyght one Mr. Tempest havynge the karyage of 150 men to Yorke beynge yn Todcaster, was taken^ and all hys sodyars^ by the rebels^ beynge 200 horsmen. The erles and theyr cumpany ar cume a thys syd Burrobryg and what theyr determynacyon ys eythar too cume forward * He was the Queen's own cousin, being the son of Sir William Carey and Mary, the sister of Anne Boleyn. He is described by contemporary chroniclers as a valiant man, very choleric, but not malicious. t George, Lord Darcy, was restored to the dignity in 1548. His father, Thomas, took part in Aske's rebellion, called "The Pilgrimage of Grace," and, being convicted of high treason on a charge of delivering up Pontefract Castle to the rebels, was beheaded on Tower-hill, 20th June, 1538, when the barony of Darcy fell under attainder. 28 SIR THOMAS GARGEAVE. or too soke too gett Yorke ys uott knowne, tlieyre number ys nott knowne sertenly, but yt ys liowldeu teare for trothe tliat tliey ar 7 or 8000, and tlie most parte very well appoyntyd, ytt ys nott possybell for me too pase too Torke for ytt ys sayde playnely that all the passagys ar stopte, and I wold be lothe too be tlie}^" pi^ay, and tlierfor I meane presently too ryde to Hull wher I wyll doo the best I can too pase too Newcastell, sum by way or els by sea, onles I may heare the contrary from your L.L., for seynge the Eebels ar cume so far hytharward and Newcastell safe I may the bettar remayne att Hull tyll I may know your pleasurs. I perceive by my L. Darcy that heare ys grete want of armor beynge men sufiycyent, sewrly ytt ys necessary for her Majestic too put sum goode force in redynes thys way_, for ytt appeares playnly that they meane too go thuro withall, I cannot see how my L. of Sussex can eythar heare from your LL. or sonde too youe_, the passagys are so stoptt, ytt appeares that Egremund Eatclyfe and Gynny, that was Mr. Norrj's Secretary, ys also with them, for they ar bothe exemt owt of the procla- macyon whyche was proclaymyd heare agenst the Erles and serten theyr confederates yesterday, yt ys sayde that theyr proclamacyon is fyrst too refurme relygyon bycawse strangers shall nott, seconde too remove serten cownselars from her Majestic ; sum of my L. Darcys men affyrme that theyr meauynge ys too take the Skottyshe Q., and therfor for god sake AIMS OF THE REBELS. 29 lett lier nott remayne where slie ys_, for tlieyr gretyst force ar horsmen. And I am credably advertysyd tliat Cudberd Collyngwoode, who ys Northumbei lands man^ and was shreve of Northumberland thys yere^ ys cummynge after them with 600 horse of the owtlawse of Yngland and Skotland, whyche ys the more cawse too dowght the Skottyshe Q. I can wryght but by hers ay as the common brewt of thys towne by the cummers hethar ys^ and so leve ytt too your better consyderacyons_, and so commyt your LL. too god — • from Dankaster, thys 20 of No^ember^ att mydnyght. ^^ Your LL. too command, '^ HUNSDON." " If I can gett yntoo Northumberland I wold know your LL. plesurs what I shall doo with suche of theyr howsys as ar with the Rebels, as Swynburns and Cutberd CoUyngwoods, for ytt ys sayde playnly that they spoyle all men as they pass that ys nott of theyr faccyon/'* The prospects of the rebels' success were very much increased by the great unwillingness of the Yorkshire- men to serve against them. There were many large Catholic land-owners in the county who were unfavour- able to Elizabeth's government, though the majority had sufficient respect for its power to be restrained from joining the two Earls. They lent, however, as * Dom., Addenda, Eliz., Vol. XV. 30 SIE THOMAS GAEGRAVE. little assistance as possible in checking tlie movement. The most effective^ and least compromising, course tliey adopted was to leave their homes for a time. Sir Thomas Gargrave reported that many of the gentle- men about him had gone out of the country. He feared, therefore, that the number of horsemen would not be so great as was hoped for. From other places, too, news came that, with the exception of a few Protes- tants and well-aflPected ones, every man sought to bring as small a force as he could of horsemen, and the foot- men found fault with the weather, and otherwise spoke their minds very freely. The Earl of Sussex, in one of his letters to Cecil, says : '' He is a rare bird that has not some of his with the two Earls, or in his heart wishes not well to their cause.''^ He begs him also not to be sparing of money, and to send some good force that he may trust in these parts, for he fears this country will hardly match the rebels with horse- men, and it will strike but faintly against them. The force of the two Earls, when they reached Wetherby or Boroughbridge, was reckoned at 1,200 horsemen, very well appointed, and at least 5,000 or 6,000 foot. To oppose this array a much inferior force had as yet been got together, as appears by the following letter : — The Earl of Sussex to the Queen. "It maye please your moste excellente majestic, I forbare these two dayes to write, partly for feare of in- PREPARATIONS FOR DEFENCE. 31 ■terceptinge by tlie Rebells who had sente certen horse- men alongest all the passages on the farre side of the river of Owse^ and partly for that I wolde see whether they bente ther cowrse from Wetherby^ where they have remayned two nights. And understandinge they be now gone to Knaresborough^ I thoughte fete to write presently this moche_, and do forbeare to write at more leingth untill the waye be surer^ which I hope wilbe this nighte or to morowe. " I have written to Westmorelande and Comberlande for 500 horsemen^ and into Northumberlande for other 500 horsemen^ if they may be spared from the service there^ or els for so many as may be spared^ and to ioyne with Sir George Bowes at Barny (Barnard) cast ell. " I have written againe to levye all the force of horse- men in the este ridinge^ and in other places where they may with suertie come to me and did not come apon the other Commission. ^' I have allredy 2500 fotemen furnished as the contrey will serve besides the force of the citie, and have sent for 800 more owte of the Este ridinge. " I have sent 200 men to Hull^ and other 200 men to the place your majestie commanded to be loked to by your lettres of the 16th which my Lord of Hunsdon sent by the post. **" Sir Thomas Gargrave is at Pomfrett^ and hath forti- fied the passage at Feribrige. 32 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. *'J. have written to Newcastell for armorj munition, &c. "From York the 24th of November, 1569. "Your Majesty^s most humble and faythfuU subject and servant, " Sussex/'* On the 24th of November John Vaughan reported from York that the two Earls, with all their servants^ tenants, and friends, had entered Yorkshire, levying soldiers in the Queen's name to maintain their actions, which they put forth to be for religion. They had mass daily, yet committed great spoil. They have passed, he adds, all this part of Yorkshire — viz., Rich- mond, Ripon, Knaresborough, Wetherby, Tadcaster, Cawood, Selby, and now are returned towards Topcliff. We have seen, from a passage in the last letter quoted, that Sir Thomas Gargrave was now at Ponte- fract, and had fortified the passage at Ferrybridge. This announcement is verified by a letter from Gar- grave to the Earl of Shrewsbury en the 25th of No- vember, from which I give the following extract. It will serve to illustrate still further the present position of affairs : — "Yestr nyght the twoo Erles returned to Burobrigg, and callyd backe al ther compenys ; and required them to repair from thens toward the forest of Galtres, as though they wold go to York, on the farr syde of Owse. They perswade theyr solders to adventure to * Dom., Addenda, Eliz., Vol. XV. FJEABS FOB YORK. 33 wyne York^ wlier they may liave gaine_, and liave lyen tlie winter; and say^ yf they atteyne York all ys theirs^ and yf they mysse yt, yt were better for them to dye lyke men_, then to be hanged. I fere not York ; it is stronge enoghe to repulse them. They mynded to have seized this house^* and to have wyntred here, and at Wakefield, and at Doncaster, yf they could have gotten them all. The only lack I fere here, ys money and gonne powder, whereof I wold gladly have helpe, for I cannot get any from York. Ther comyth to serve the Queen^s Majesty a thousand light horse- men, from the fronteyrs, towards Scotland, and four hundred harquebusses ; and ther comyth, also, from the Southe, five hundred light harquebusses, and other munytion, which I loke for to be here, and to be conveyed to York, within four or five days ; and, when the provision comyth, I trust ther will be a short ende of the rebellyon.'^f On the 26th November Sussex wrote in a much more hopeful tone to Cecil. He said : ^^ At the be- ginning of those matters, the people were so afiected to these Earls for the cause they had in hand, that what was had for the Queen^s service was got out of the flint, and those that came, save a number of gentle- men, liked better of the other side. Now I have ga- thered some good force, delivered them some money, used some persuasions with all degrees to open their * i.e., Pontefract Castle, f Talbot MSS. in the Heralds' College. D 34 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. rebellious intents, and published abroad tbeir delusions of tbe people and abuse of this realm/' Sussex further added that the discreet were now beginning to distrust the Earls^ and the soldiers to wax more trusty. The wealthy were afraid of spoil, and the hangers-on of the rebels,, finding little money or plunder forth- coming, were getting dissatisfied. On the same day it was announced to the Queen that the rebels had retired from Wetherby to Borough- bridge, and from thence still farther northwards. They found themselves checked in their efforts to levy an additional force in the West Riding, owing to the vigorous measures taken by the difi*erent members of the Council of the North. Lord Hunsdon told Cecil that, but for the great diligence of the Earl of Sussex, Her Majesty had neither York nor Yorkshire at that hour at her command. The intention of the rebels had been to surprise York,* and so gain the control of * The Corporation records of York abound with curious notices of the proceedings at York, for placin,2f +he city in a respectable state of defence. For instance, on the 18th Nov., it is ordered for the "more surety " of the city, that the keels and boaty be kept within the city, and that the "fery-bot" be "eyther sonken, or otherwise kept by discretion of Mr. Beane ;" and that the wardens shall raise "a common day work in bearying of stones to the citie walles for defens." On the same day the Lord-Lieutenant orders a levy of all the Queen's sub- jects within the Aynstie, "beyng hable men, as well horsemen as fotemen," to come to York ; and he also directs the Lord Mayor, &c., to command all the Queen's subjects in the city of York, " upon the iirst warnyng, to attend upon him." On the I'Jth, the Mayor, &c., order the wardens to bring all the "sties or ladders " from the suburbs into the city ; and all the inhabitants of the suburbs are ordered to make their abode in YOBK SAFE. 35 tlie entire county. The city liad not; at tlie time of tlie first outbreak, one single piece of ordnance wlierewitli to resist them^ and the inhabitants were more addicted to them than to the Queen. All the gentlemen^ save a few in the East Riding, had remained in their houses as neutrals, but their sons were with the rebels. Never- theless the Earl of Sussex had not only made York past surprising, but had brought the soldiers who were disposed to favour the rebels to think very ill of them. In the meantime Lord Admiral Clinton and the Earl of Warwick were engaged in making levies in Lincolnshire, Warwickshire, and Leicestershire. Clin- ton remained for some days at Lincoln, where he gathered together a considerable body of men. He writes from there a letter to Sir Ralph Sadler, a portion of which runs as follows : '' I have sent a the city, " this troublesome tyme," to be ready to serve ; and that " bis honour " shall name the captain of the city soldiers — namely, Mr. Robert Stapleton, Esquire. All piich and tar is ordered to be taken forth of the streets, &c. On the 21st earth or stone is directed to be raised against the posterns ; and four shillings allowed for watching the "great gonnes " re- maining the last night "upon Ouse." The wardens are directed to "foresee, by their good policies," that no wheat, malt, nor victual, want in their wards. Lights are directed to be placed in the windows ; and the Lord-Lieutenant orders that " when- soever any alarrae shall happen within this citie, no manner of men, women, or children, shall make any sh 'Wtyng, crying, or noyse, but to kejpe sylens." The old "gonnes and orde- nance " are ordered to be mended. On the 22nd November, Mr. John Ingleby is appointed " capitayn of the citie levy of 100 men ;" and a general muster is made of the men of the city of York, on the 24th November. (See note in Sharp's Me- morials of the Rebellion.) 36 SIR THOMAS GARGRA VE. letter lierewitli to 'master Carie/ being at Sandal Castle^ near Wakefield, by commandment from my Lords of tbe Council. I pray you that tbe same may be sent him with all diligence^ that I may get answer from him as soon as possible/' At this time_, Edward Carey^ son of Lord Hunsdon^ was Constable of the Lordship of Wakefield,, and lived at Sandal Castle^ he having obtained a grant of that stronghold from the Queen. He appears to have re- sponded to the sudden call which was made upon his resources with great vigour. Sir Ealph Sadler, who was appointed paymaster of the forces raised to meet the rebels, writes to Cecil that Carey is gone to Don- caster, to levy as many men as he can within " his rule of Wakefield ;' his intention was then to join Lord Darcy, and keep the town of Don caster, and annoy the rebels as nuich as he can, ^^whereunto/'" adds Sadler, '' I see he lacketh neither goodwill nor good stomach, but I have given him my advice to be careful not to hazard too much without some ad- vantage." To Lord Clinton's letter, Carey replied as follows : — ■ Edward Caeey to Loed Clinton. ''My very good Lord : Havinge my firste direction to Yorke, there to receave my further chard ge by the Lord Leifetenants appoyntemente, being then fore- stopped of m}^ dyrect passage thyther, I made my re- paier to my Ofiice, where since my comynge, I have bene busied in musteringe of the Stewardeshippe of MUSTEES ABOUT WAKEFIELD. 37 Wakefelde, and preparinge my self in a reddynes to •sett forwardes to Yorke^ whoe beinge allmost at poynte to take my jorney tliyther, liave receaved tlie Councelles lettres countermandinge my firste direction^ and ap- poyntinge me to tliorder of your Lordship^ to tlie which most wilHngelye I submytt myself with hartie good will_, beinge now readye to awayte uppon your Lordship with my poore companie at one haulf dales warninge when and where yt shall please you to ap- poynte. My Lord^ the contrey ys greately destitute of armor and munytion, whereof I have allredie certe- fyed the Councell, whOj regarding our wants^ have sente me their lettres appoyntinge me to receave sup- plye thereof at your Lordship's handes. It may there- fore please your Lordship to stande thus farre our good Lord, as to help us with 300 corseletts furnished and one hundred bowes_, and that yt may be sente to Pomefrett Castle, where Sir Thomas Gargrave is, the which passinge by Doncaster may be garded and safe- conducted from thence to Pomefrett, by thassistance of my Lord Darcie, and soe from Pomfrett hyther to Sandall Castell eyther by suche as Sir Thomas Gar- grave shall appoynte, or otherwise by suche ayde as I will provide my self for better conveyannce thereof hyther. Allso whereas by the Councells appointe- mente I am to receave 200Z. of your Lordship for better defrayinge of our chardge in this service. I shall desier your Lordship to kepe yt in your custodie untill my comynge unto you, partelye for that I would 38 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. be lotlie to liazarde the transporte thereof hyther, and partelye for that I double not otherwise to serve my torne here till then. Wherewith wisshinge unto your Lordship felycitie^ I leave further to treble you. " From Sandall Castle,* the firste of December, 1569. *' Your Lo. at commandemente, "EdWD. CAEYE.^'t The Earl of Warwick kept his head-quarters at Leicester, and his levy of men proved numerous. It was arranged that Clinton and he should join forces at Doncaster. The gradual march of Clinton northwards can be traced by the dates of his letters to the Secre- tary of State, Cecil. On the 1st of December he is * The following report of a survey of Sandal Castle, made in the year 1545, will be read with some interest : — The Castle of Sandal is very fair and stately, a little mile from the town of Wakefield, defended with a fair wall of seven foot thick, hath the situation on a rocky hill, environed with a deep and broad dry ditch. The towers, which are five, stand- ing near together on the west part of the Castle, whereof three are in a convenient state of repair, covered over with lead ; the rest begin to decay in the timber work. The lead of one of these being already taken down, and the other standing untiled. Gate and entry strongly builded and with the wall in a good state, save thair a piece of the wall in the fore front is fallen down, and will cost £10 to restore. The principal lodgings, as Hall Chamber, Chapel, and Houses of Office are wholly prostrate, except the kitchen, which is fair and large. The Steward's and Constable's lodgings, divided from the rest, are of slight timber work meet to be maintained, serving not only for the stewards for the time being, but for the keeper of the park and gaoler charged with the keeping of the prisoners committed to the castle for arrears of the King's rent, trespassers, and such like. The park adjoining is forty acres well paled, and there are thirty fallow-deer or thereabouts. t Dom. Eliz., Vol. LX. IN FONTEFBACT CASTLE. 39 still at Lincoln, from whicli place lie reports tliat his horsemen and harquebusiers are in want of training, and there is a lack of arms and armour. On the 3rd he writes from Newark. With his letter from the same place on the 4th_, he enclosed the following from Sir Thomas Gar grave : — Sir Thomas Gargeave to Lord Clinton. '^ My duetie humblie remembred to your Honor, It maye please the same to be advertised, that my L. Darcye and my self be appointed by my L. lieutenante in thies partes to mete at Doncastre such munytion and treasure as your L. doth send towards Yorke, and bycause we wold be readie to do our dueties therin, and for that also that my said L. lieutenante requireth to be advertised when the same shalbe at Doncastre, to thintent his L. maye send further supply e for the save conduction thereof. Therefore I am so boulde humblie to desire your L. to advertise eyther the L. Darcye or me by the post when your L. thinketh the same munycon and treasure shalbe at Doncastre, and we shall not faile (god willing) to mete it there, but also advertise my said L. lieutenante accordinge to his L. direction. Thies parts of the contrye (thanks be to god) be quiett, for the two Erles and their complices be furre of in the bishopriche of Durisme where they lye quyett for anythinge I here, but the brute is, they mynde to attempte some enterprice against Newcastle, or Barnaycastle, where Sir George Bowes lyeth, and other saye they will take Herfcilpole, beinge a stronge 40 SIR THOMAS GA RGB A VE. scyte almoste enveronyd witli tlie sea at every full water, and there vittell, and fortefie themselfes, and others saye tliey loke for money frome beyond tlie seas, and if that come not they will flee by sea. Thus I am boulde to advertise your L. of suche uncerten newes as I have, &c. ' " Frome Ponntefrett Castle, the thirde of Decembre, 1569. " Your good L. ever humblie to commande^ " Thomas Gargrave."* On the 5 th, Clinton reached '' Tuxford in the Clay,^' from which place he reports that the greatest part of the bands under his charge have marched to Biiwtry. On December the 7th, he dates a letter from Scroby ; in which he says that his men are much wearied by marching with their armour in foul ways, and are un- willing to advance above five or six miles a- day. Lord * Dom., Eliz., Vol. LX. The account rendered by Sir Ralph Sadler of the expenses connected with the suppression of the Eebellion has the following items : — Sir Thomas Gargrave, Knight, by warrant of the Lord-Lieu- tenant, dated the last of November, 1569, for the charges of himself and 100 soldiers appointed for the safe keeping of Pon- tefract Castle and the passages at bridges at Feiry-b ridge, Castleford-bridge, Swillington-bridge, and Leeds bridge, ex- tending over the River of Aire — £112 lOs. Cotton Gargrave, Esquire, captain, his wages 12s., lieutenant Gs., 5 officers at 12d. " the pece," and for 43 soldiers at 8d. per diem " the pece," for 32 days, beginning the 21st of November, and ending the 22nd of December, and for 245 soldiers at like rate, for 12 days, beginning the 11th of December, and ending the 22nd— £192 3s. 4d. See Sadler's ''State Papers, ct-c," published in 1809. END OF THE REBELLION. 41 Clinton arrived at Doncaster on the same day. Here the forces remained five days. On the 10th_, the Earl of Warwick and the Lord Admiral rode over to Sherburn, to meet the Earl of Sussex^ and others^ from York. There they conferred together respecting the means to be pursued for the more speedy suppression of the rebels, and arranged that all their forces should be joined at Northallerton or Dur- ham. Warwick and Clinton reached Wetherby on the ISthj and after two or three days' halt, marched to Kipon, at which place intelligen ce reached them that the Earls, without waiting for their attack, had dismissed their infantry, and fled with their cavalry to Hexham. From there they shortly afterwards escaped across the Borders into Scotland, and thus the rebellion ended.* '' * It has not been thought necessary, in this chapter, to follow the rebels after they withdrew from Yorkshire. Most of the original documents relating to their proceedings in the more northern counties have already been printed in Sharp's ^'^ Memory lis of the RebeUion,^^ so it will hardly fall within the plan of this work to reproduce them here. In that volume will be found some interesting accounts of the siege laid by the rebels to Barnard Castle, then held by Sir George Bowes, before which place they appeared about the 1st of December. On the 12th, Lord Sussex, Lord Hunsdon, and Sir Ralph Sadler, writing from Cesawe by Topcliffe, report to the Council : " This day Sir George Bowes, Robert Bowes, his brother, and diverse of the gentlemen that were with him in Barnay Castell, came hether to us ; by whom we understand that the soldiers that were in the Castell, did daily, by great nombers, leape over the walls to go to the rebells. And on Friday last, ther leaped over the walls at one tyme, about the nomber of fourscore ; since which tyme they had growen to sucli mutinies, as upon Satur- day, 7 or 8 score of them that were aj^pointed to garde the •gates, and had always been of the best disposed, did sudenly 42 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. As soon as the flight of the rebels was clearly ascer- tained^ the President of the Council issued warrants to the Sheriffs of Northumberland^ the Bishoprick of Durham and Yorkshire^ to seize into the Queen's hands all the lands^ goods^ and cattle of the rebels and their supporters, and to apprehend their persons. It was ordained that in every special place where they gathered any strength^ and in every market town or great parish^ execution should at once take place, by martial law, of such as had " no freehold, nor copyhold,, nor substance of lands/' The members of the Council were engaged at different places in examining those suspected of participation in the rebellion. The meaner sort were quickly disposed of, and there were numerous executions at Ripon, Topcliflfe, Wetherby, and Tadcaster, of the West Riding delinquents. We have seen that one of the principal leaders in the Rebellion, always spoken of as old Richard Norton, was Sheriff of Yorkshire for this year, and, on his at- tainture, some other gentleman had to be found to fill his place. Sir Henry Gate was the first one thought of; but he excused himself on the ground of illness, and the choice then fell on Sir Thomas Gargrave. That Sir Thomas was by no means pleased with the sett open the gates, and went to the rebells ; wherupon Sir George Bowes, seeing the falshode of his men, was dreven to composition, and is with all his men, horses, and armor that remayned there, come away in saulftie. He hath had long lacke of drink, and was scanted of bread ; and yet, if hia- men had been trewe, he might, and wold have kepte it untill he had been releved," &c. A SECOND TIME SHERIFF. 43 honour thus thrust upon him is amply shown by his communication to Cecily of the 19th of December, 1569, in which, after giving tidings of the rebels, he goes on — " I have now ben twyse sheryffe of this shyre in 4 yeres, and so hayth not any other ben that can be re- membred, the chargys therof ys presently so grett, both with the Justyces & thayr Retennors, & also in theschequer wher the charge ys treble to that yt was within 30 yeres, and ys rysyn by penall lawes & tenures^ .... & otherways, also the Corts of Wards & first fruits & tenths dothe inchrese moche thayr charges, yt ys enogh to undoo a pore man, and althoghe ther be at the lest 4 knyghts or 5 that may dyspend three tymes the valewe of my levyng, yet I am callyd to more charges in all servyces than any of them, and to my power I have bene, am, & shall be, most redy & wyllyng to serve the queues majestic, & my contry to the uttermost of my power and knowlege, yt hayth in servyce this yere past, cost me above 200 marks. I humble beseche you to have such consyder- ation towerds me, as I may remayne able in power to serve, & my delygence & good-wylle shall never fale, god wyllyng/^* .... But, however much Gargrave might feel the injus- tice of his position, he was not the man to shirk the duties of it. His principal work lay just now in gain- ing possession of the lands and goods of the higher •^ Cotton MSS. Calig. B. IX. in the British Museum. 44 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. class of rebels ; and his next letter fully illustrates tlie busy nature of his employment. Sir Thomas Gargrave to Sir William Cecil. ^' My deuty bumble remembred to your Honor yt may please the same to be advertysyd that one Crys- tofer Danbye,* one of the chefe Eebells for ReligyoUj hayd a lease at the hands of Mr. Gerard, brother to Mr. Attornay [General], a lease of a colemyn & certen lands at Boston [Beeston], in Yorkshyre, duryng the mynorite of young Beston, the quenes majesties warde, the wyche lease shall nowe I tryst come agayn to her majestic by his attayndor. I shall humble desyre your mastershyppe to be good mr. to this berrer, Martyn Byrkheade^f of Grays Inne, and to help hym to a newe lease therof, or els to her majes- ties tytle theryn, and this beror beyng a very honest man shalbe bounden to pray for your honor, and shalbe able I tryst to do ther moche good, amydyst a sorte of papysts, the wyche ys one cause whye I do wyshe an honest man ther. Sir Thomas Danby, brother to the sayd Crystofer, beyng not well aflfectyd in Religyon, * The son of Sir Christopher Danby, of Farnley, near Leeds, Knt. Dorothy, one of his sisters, was married to Sir John Nevile, of Liversedge, another leader of the rebels. t A native of Wakefield. He lived in a house which still stands in Southgate, where may be seen an excellent ceiling bearing his initials and arms. See Banks' Walks about WaJce- Jleld. He was M.P. for Ripon in the Parliaments of the 13th and 14th of Qaeen Elizabeth, and was appointed Attorney of the Council of the North in May, 1574. He died 6th July, 1590, and was buried in the parish church of Wakefield. PUNISHMENT OF THE BEBELS. 45 clamytli now altlie beasts and goods of the sayd Crys- toler by a dede mayd 2 yeres ago, and not knowen untyll now, and tberfor I do snspecte the same, tlie sayd Crystofer (tbe same dede notwytbstandyng) baytli by hymselfe and liis servants occupyed & inioed the bole untyll no we. - " Here baytb ben so many grett spoles and dystrnc- tion in the contrey of late of the goods and catills of the Rebells, and also of many trewe subiects, that tlie store in tbes partes wyll not be hayd agayn a good tyme, and I tbynke the scarsetye willbe feld this 2 or 3 yeres botbe here and else where, and the same shall lose the quenes majestie the most part of al the forfetures wyche I thynke (yf they myght have come to her majesties hands) wold have borne a good pece of the charges. " As I do here ther ys some that takyth upon them to promes pardons of lyffe lands and goods of the Rebells, and of some chefe Eebells, wheryn I tryst her majes- tie wyll have good consyderation, for therby she shall lose her majesties escheats and forfetures, and besyds that norysh styll amongst us the cpyn ennemyes to God, her majestie, and realme, and suche as herafter wyll not fale when tyme and ayde may serve to attempte the lyke enterprises. " I do wyshe a parlyament for 10 or 15 days for 2 causes, the one for attayndors of the prinsepall Rebells lest thayr tenants aud frends shold lyve styll in hope of ther pardon or feare of thayr dysplesure. 46 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. " The other cause for a stricter law for Religyon & agaynst papysts and suche as practyse yerin here, or elswhere^ and yf any refuce the servyce or commu- nyon^Iwold wyshe them convyncyd by opyn disputation in every shyre before Commyssyoners and yf they wyll not relent to the treuth^ I wold wyshe them attayntyd in premunire for one yere_, and yf they stycke at the yeres ende, then to be dethe for herysey or treson. Thus I am bold to wryte my fantesye to your Honor, humble besechyng God long to preserve you in helth and honor. — From Yorke, in haist^ the 6 of January, 1569-70. " Your master shypps J ever humble to command_, *' Thomas Gargeave.^'* •< Gargrave met with considerable difficulties in the carrying out of some of his instructions. The whole- sale seizure of the cattle and sheep_, for instance, had led to complications for which he was wholly unpre- pared. He plaintively asks Cecil what he is to do with the flocks and herds which were driven up from all parts of the country. '' I have/^ he says, '*■ no meat for them. If I buy it, they will soon eat up their value. Some have died by driving and lack of meat. The Queen orders me to keep the goods without diminish- ing, but it would be better husbandry to sell some than keep all.^' * Addenda, Dom., Eliz., Vol. XVII. SIR THOMAS CALVERLEY. 47 Sir Thomas Gargrave to Sir William Cecil. *^ My deutj humble remembred to your Honor yfc may please the same to be advertysyd^ that amongst others the rebells at thayr beyng together in the busshopryke of Durysme, dyd spoyle this b error Sir Thomas Calverlay beyng a yong man^ and hayd newly sett up howse and furnyshed the same to his power, thay lefte hym nothyng nather to relyffe hymselfe his wyff and famely nor to pay his Rent wyth all. Ther was non that was known to favor Relygyon that they left unspolyd. This berror proclamyd them tray tors he levyed men from the busshopricke and went hymselfe with them to Barnar Castell to Sir George Bowes and left the men ther and returnyd to Newcastell, wher he servyd and kepte watche and warde and was delygent to sett furth the servyce ther for the defence of that towne to his power. He was of Lyncolnes Inn_, and ys lernyd in the lawes and ys honest in Religyon and yf yt be thought convenyent to releyffe any, I humble beseche your Honor to stand his good mr. and helpe hym. Thus I am ever bold to treble your mastershyppe and not able to serve you other ways then with my prayers, good wyll and affection, the wyche I am bounden to owe you and do humble beseche God long to preserve you to his pleasure and your good contentation. " Frome Yorke in hayst the oOfch of January, 1569-70. '^ Your Mrshipps ever bonden to command, " Thomas Gargrave.-'^* * Domestic— Addenda, EUz., Vol. XVII. 48 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. On tlie lOtli of January^ 1569-70^ the rebellion being virtually at an end^ Elizabetli wrote to Gargrave to tlie effect tliat she had been informed in sundry ways of his diligent and faithful service in that late trouble- some time in the Norths done both in his own person, and with all the power he could make ; she could not, therefore,, omit to give unto him by those her letters her hearty thanks for the same^ assuring him that as occa- sion should serve she would not fail to remember him. Possibly the vague promise held out in the above tempted him to add the concluding paragraph of this following letter to Cecil : — The Same to the Same. *' My deuty humble remembred to your Honor yt may please the same to be advertysyd that I have her- with send to the Ryght Honorable and my synguler good L. and others of the queues majesties privey Counsallj the examynations of the Lady Nevyle wyffe to Sir John Nevyle, wherof parte were taken by me and by Hughe Savyle,* and parte by the sayd Mr. Savyle and Mr. Ric. Hammond, who were bothe jonyd with me in the sayd counsalls letters for that purpose. Surely her husband in myn openyon ys of a good nature, and fully of late confermyd in popery and false doctryne, w^hich at the begynnyng he was misselyd in by doctor Robynson in Queue Maryes days, and al * Of Wrenthorpe, near Wakefield, descended from the Saviles, of Newhall, in Eiland. SEEKS BELIEF FOR HFS CHARGES. 49 kjrng Edwards days was a protestant. His wyfFe liayth 10 chyldren, ys lefte in a very pore estate, and slie verely thynkytli yf her husband myght have his lyffe he wold come in and submytt hymselfe to imprisonment or otherwyse as shuld please the Quenes majestie, as in my letter to the Right Honorable privey Coansalle more at large apperyth. ^^ Aboute Saterday come senyght I tryst to be able to make a good certeficett of the lands & the goods of the Rebells or of so moche therof as ys in this shyre and can be herd of, and so shortly as I can I shall send yt to your Honor with all the notes I can lerne of the goods takyn away by others ather with warrant or withoute. " Ther be nowe so many sutors that I am ashamyd to be one, and yet my charge at Pontfrett Castell in the styrre of the Rebells and nowe aboute the serche of Rebells goods and the stay of them, and that to come for the shriffaltye (shrievalty) wilbe more charge unto me than I shalbe able to here and I shall be forcyd to seke some releflfe. If her majestie wold lett me have to me and my heyrs lOOZ. or 100 marks yerly in lands and to pay for theme halfe in 6 yeres equall paments, and the valewe of thoder halfe to be payd of the hole as a fee ferme, I shuld spend the same in her majesties servyce as I do the rest I have and be the more able to serve her hyghnes, and I wold seke to have no lands ather replenyshed with woods or grett commons or other commodyties for I wold only seke the land adion- yng ny wher I inhaite {sic) beyng non of any stately E 60 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. seignory^ nor replenysed with other commodyte hot the large rents — thus I am ever bold to treble you as my synguler good master and friend, humbly besechyng God long to preserve you in helth and honor — frome Yorke in haist, the 13 of February, 1569(-70). '^ Your good mastershipps ever humble to command,, "Thomas Gargrave.-'^* Sir Thomas Gaegravb to Sir William Cecil. " My deuty humble remembred to your Honor, yt may please the same, I have herwith sent to my Lords & others of the privey Counsaill with the artycle subscrybyd by the Justyces of peace wlioys herts & hands for a good nombr of thame I tryst do agre, and althoughe I muchdo wyshe, blody lawes, nor dethe in matters of consyence, yet by experyence I se in Kyng Henry the viij^^^'^ days, sharpe lawes kept the evyll quiett and in dew obedyence, wher nowe they be bothe ferce and stowte, wherof evyll Insuyth, & more not unlyke to folowe. I wyshe yt myght be expery- mentyd by some lawe, whether they wold abyde Im- prisonment with losse of thayr lyvyngs duryng theyr lyffes, that do refuce to use and receive the servyce and sacrements acordyng to the lawe. Long- suffer- ance of evylh bredyth herdnes 3^erin wherof Insuyth trebles and dayngers; yt ys tyme in myn openyon to * Domestic — Addenda, Eliz., Vol. XVII. ^ V ^1 ^ } STERN LA WS AD VISED. 51 sty eke ernysly to tlie Cliurclie and stoutly to resyst the malyce of tlienmye (tlie enemy) . Cancred or sotell enmyes wyll lierdly by gentylnes or otlier meanes be- come assuryd frends, bot at tlie most wyll flatter, dys- semble & snaclie wlien the tyme servyth. I bumble besecbe almygbty God to represse tbayr malyce and to turne tbayr harts to godlynes. And long to pre- serve the Queues Majestie and this realme frome thayr malyce & dysseyts_, & to kepe your Mastershippe in health and honor — frome Yorke in haist the 21 of June 1570. " Your Honors ever humble to . ' command to his power_, '^ Thomas Gaegeave/' *^ I am so bold to send herwith a pakett of letters from my lady of Sussex, at her request, to Sir Henry Ratlyffe/^'^ SiE Thomas Gaegeave to Sie William Cecil. ^ ^4^ ^ " The next syttyng of the Counsaill here, bothe for causes off sutes, and for the oyer determj^ner and gaole delivere, ys apoyntyd the first of Decembre next, and yf ther be any matter to be ther preferryd for the Queues Majestie, wyche ys not here knowne, yf yt be advertysyd yt slialbe preferryd to the best of our knowleges. * Domestic— Addenda, Eliz., Vol. XVIII STERN LA WS AD VISED. 01 sty eke ernysly to tlie Cliurclie and stoutly to resyst tlie malyce of tlienmye (tlie enemy). Cancred or sotell enmyes wyll herdly by gentylnes or otlier meanes be- come assuryd frends, bot at tlie most wyll flatter, dys- semble & snaclie wlien the tyme servyth. I humble beseche almyghty God to represse thayr malyce and to turne thayr harts to godlynes. And long to pre- serve the Queues Majestie and this realme frome thayr malyce & dysseyts_, & to kepe your Mastershippe in health and honor — frome Yorke in haist the 21 of June 1570. " Your Honors ever humble to command to his power, '^ Thomas Gaegeave.'^ *' I am so bold to send herwith a pakett of letters from my lady of Sussex, at her request, to Sir Henry Katlyffe.^^* SiE Thomas Gaegeave to Sie William Cecil. ^ ^ ^ " The next syttyng of the Counsaill here, bothe for •causes off sutes, and for the oyer detcrmyner and gaole delivere, ys apoyntyd the first of Decembre next, and yf ther be any matter to be ther preferryd for the Queues Majestie, wyche ys not here knowne, yf yt be advertysyd yt shalbe preferryd to the best of our knowloges. * Domestic— Addenda, Eliz., Vol. XVIII 52 SIR THOMAS GARGEAVE. ^' I have herwitli sent your Honor the names certe- fyed by Mr. Inglebye of theys that be thought able, and refucyd to pay the lone money requestyd, with suche notes theron as I thinke trewe and mete to in- forme you withall. " I have also sent you the examynation of Thomas Leyghe for suche words as he shold speke in Cheshyre; Surely Sir, he ys a yonge man moche gyffyn to huntyng, and of myn awne knowlege I do knowe that in the heate of the treble, when Christopher Danbey and others of the rebells wyth 200 horsemen came to Ledes within lesse then ij myles of his howse, he kepte hym frome them and came to me to Pontfrett castell, to serve the Queue's Majestie, and because he dyd dwell ny Ledes, and on the southe syde of the water of ayer (Aire) that comyth by Ledes I ioinyd hym in commyssyon with divers others to fortefye and defende that bryge lest the rebells shold ther passe over the water southeward, where he servyd well and also he dyd send and sett furth to the Lord leuetennant here bothe horsemen and fotemen to serve the Quene^s majestic. So that in all that tyme of Rebellyon so farre as I could here he servyd the Queue's Majestic accord3mg to his deuty. He hayd a yonger brother that servyd therle of Northumberland, whoo hayth sub- myttyd hym selfe and payd his fyne, the sayd Thomas Legh hayth ben syckle moche of this somer. I beseche your Honor yf this case may bere yt to be his good master for this tyme. THOMAS LEIGH EXAMINED. 53 "Thisberrer Mr. Calverly myndyth to be a sutor ifor some releyfFe for the spoyles by bym and liis father- in-lawe sustenyed in the tyme of the late Eebellyon, this berrer to his power servyd in Newcastell and also ■mnsteryd and caryed men to Barnard castell to Sir > George Bowes. Mr. Allan Belly ngham hayth a sntc with a college in Cambryge, and hayth reqniryd me to move your Honor to be so moche his good master as •to be a meane that the matter may have some frendly •ende without extremyte_, and yf he be in the wronge he will make recompence or compounde as shalbe thought resonable^ thus I cease to treble your Honor humble besechyng you to bere with my boldness and to my power I shall remayne at your comandement duryng -my lyffe besechyng Almyghty God long to preserve you in helth and honor — from Nostell in haist the last ■of Octob.er, 1570. " Your Honors ever humble to command_, " Thomas Gaegeave.^^ Attached to the above letter is a document headed — *^ Thexamynation of Thomas Leighe* of Middle- ton esquier takyn at Nostell^ the daye of Auguste 1570_, before Sir Thomas Gargrave knightj upon the Interrogatories hereunto annexed.''^ The following are extracts from it. * The Leghs, or Leigh s, of Middleton, in the parish of Rotb- yreWf held the manor of Middleton at least as early as the 14th 54 SIR THOMAS GABGRAVE. " To the tliird Interrogatorye lie saitli that he herd not of any Musters in Yorkeshire untill the daye or ij before his comyng awaye homewardsj and then one came to hym frome his owne]^honse in Yorkeshire^ and said he muste on the Mundaye folowinge be at a Muster at Eothwell Haigh in Yorkeshire before Sir Thomas Gargrave, [and have a horseman furnished there. ^^ To the fourth he saithe that upon a Sondaye he was with his cosyn Mr. Leighe aforesaid at ... at a bear ebay tinge at after none, where the dogge that did best wonne a bell for a price^ and in ridinge home towards Mr. Leighes house in a towne he se hym that kept the dogge that wonne the bell goo into a house with the dogg% who called this examynate and prayed hym to drynke, and so he came to the dore_, and was desired to light, and so he did and went within the house dore into the entrie, and thider came to hym century. Hopkinson says (see Hai'leian MS. 4630 in the British Museum) that Gilbert d' le Leghe gave this manor to his second son John and Clarice his wife, and to their heirs for ever, by a deed dated at Miadleton, Friday in Easter week, 1332, and wit- nessed by Sir Roger of Leedes, knt., Sir John Fleming, knt., Bryan of Thornhill, Henry of Olton, and others. William Legh, of Middleton, was attainted of High Treason with Edmond Tattersall, a clothier, and Ambler, a priest, and executed in the year 1541. He was seized of lands in Cheshire, and in Wake- field, Lofthouse, Carleton, Eothwell, West Ardsley, Westerton, Wombwell, Blacktop and Long Liversedge, in the County of York. His son Gilbert married Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Woodrove, of Wooliey, and Thomas, the eldest surviving son of this marriage, is most likely to be the subject of the examination above recorded. EXAMINATION CONTINUED. 55 tlie aforesaid man who lie tliinketli was called Coppellj and witli hym dyvers others wliome he knew not and they brought this examynent a selybube to drynk'and this examynate dronke therof, and in communycation he said he was sent for home to be the next daye at a muster^ & he wolde ride home to it^, and he further saith some in that companye asked hym where the Erie of Northumbreland was^ and what was become of hym, and he said he thought the said Erie was in Loughle- byn in Scotland^ and that the said Erie before his last offence was verie well beloved of all gentlemen, and he this Examynate, if the said offence had not bene shulde have bene his servante. Then some of ye company asked h3^m what newes in the northe, and he said he knewe none, but said forasmuche as there is a muster appoynted, it maye chaunce that some of our men may be put awaye, or that thother parte is comynge towards us, whereof I wolde be sorye for it wolde greve me to drawe my sworde againste the said Erie that had so muche bene his frend. And yet he saith he then said he wold adventure hymself as furr in the service of the Queues ma^^^ as any man will do ; examyned why he said he wolde not drawe his sworde against the said Erie, and he saith he never said nor mentt so, but that he wolde be sorie to do it for the good will before he ought hym. And he said it is well knowne that when the said Erie and his com- plises were upp, and a good sortc of their horsemen come within two myles of this examynates, he kept 56 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. hymself frome tliem and served tlie quenes ma*'® to his charges, botlie with sendeinge horses and footemen to Yorke to my L. lieutenants, and also hymself was one that had charge to kepe the bridge at Ledes ihat the Eebells shulde not passe over sowthward. And he said he was in Ponntfrett Castell with me the said Sir Thomas for advice howe to kepe the said bridge. And althoughe he wolde be sorie to drawe his sworde againste the Erles per- son, yet if he came agaynste the quene and Realme, he saithe he wolde be as readie to resiste hym as any man wolde, and this above confessed is all (he saith) that he can saj^e or remember towchinge the pre- misses. And he saithe he never ment evill, but the next daye, he saith, he repaired home, and went to the place appoynted of musters in Yorkeshire,- and caried a light horseman with hym as he was ap- poynted and there he founde before Sir Thomas Gar- grave a good nomber of horsemen, both launces and light horse, and there he undrestode it was no common muster, althoughe it was by the people so termyd, but was a viewe appoynted to se that men had their furnyture of horse and armor accordinge to the Statute. " Exd. per me, " Thomas Gaegeave/^* * Domestic— Addenda, Eliz., Vol. XIX. POVERTY OF YORKSHIRE. 57 SiE Thomas Gargrave to the Earl of Sussex. "My boundon deuty humble remembred to your Honor yt may please tlie same this contrey I tryst dotlie remayne in quyett ordre^ in the last privey watche ther was not found any suspecte persons other then certen knovvne beggers and wacabonds wyche were punyshed acordyng to the lawe. " I have travelyd this iij wekes and more daly excepte Sondays for thassessement of the subsedy^ I was forcyd to sytt in vij severall places for lacke of Commys- syoners, I have hayd more to do to bryug yt to any convenyent some than ever I hayd before,, nor I have not herd the complaynt so generall of povertye as yt no we ys. They have ben moche touchyd with the late trebles, also the pament for armor, the assessement for repare of bryges overthrowne the last wynter, above a -dosan, pament of grett fynes and Inhancement of rents, lacke of traffycke with Flanders, & otherways, & besydes thes moche trebled with commyssyoners for concelyd lands & goods, for sale of wynes, owtlaryes -& suche lyke surely the people ar moche trebled yer- with at the present when they be callyd on for the xv*^ & tenthe, and subsedy, for of every paryshe ther ys a nomber of persons callyd before some of the sayd Commyssyoners, I would they hayd stayd untill the eiabsedy haid ben ratyd, and then to have procedyd for thay have ben some lett with treble to y® people. " At the last gaole deliverye ther was one Cuthbert Athye attayndyd at Yorke for stelyng of a mare, and 58 SIR THOMAS OARGRAVE. because he ys a talle man and liaytli servyd long in Yrland (Ireland) as lie sayth and lieryng of your Honors beyng in Scotland gott lycens of his capten to come to have servyd ther under your L. & beyng on the sea was be force of wether dryvyn into Scotland, wher he was spolyd and his money and al he hayd takyn frome hym_, and for nede and by persuasyon of an evyll man as he sayth toke the sayd mare at the other mans hands and was persewed and takyn at Ferybryge. He ys repreved untyll yt shalbe knowne whether your Honor wyll procure his pardon or not, & yf your L. wyll not, then he to be executed before alhalowtyde (AUhallowtide) . I have herwith sent your Honor the by 11 he sent me. " Ther was a pore mans house aboute a yere sins robyd (robbed) in servyce tyme, and before Chrys- tymes last a riche preste robyd, beyng as ys saj^d a grett usuror, the brute of y^ roberyes were grete & yet non offenders could be founde. I awardyd iij severall commyssyons for the fyndyng and trying furth therof and at the last yt was founde owte by Mr. Thomas Farefaxe and others to whome I hayd dyrectyd one of the commyssyons. The Roberyes were com- myttyd by vij pore men inhabitants ny the places and ther was a gentylman one Gabrycll Grene* a man ^ One of the Greens, of Horsfortli, near Leeds. Hopkinson writes that " Thomas Green, of Horsforth, son and heir of John, married Jane, daughter of Mr. Robert Hunt, of Carleton, near Kothwell, and had a son Gabriell. This son was one of the pur- PLEA FOR GABRIEL GREEN. 59 about XXX?. or x?. land, beyng pore and nedy tliat was accessary to the same. He was acceptyd very lionest, and liayd tlie love and credytt of liis nebors and gen- tylmen wlier lie dwelt^ & yet by bying of a pece of land so moclie overchargyd liym selfe tliat lie was pore & nedy and as well by the persuasion of tlie evyll per- sons as by Ill's nede became an assentor to tlie same roberyes. At tlie last assyses al tlie offenders were indytyd^ and v of tbem executyd^ one that confessyd the matter and broght yt to lyght reproved^ and the sayd Grrene and one other of the offenders be fled. Divers of the sayd Gabryell Grenes frends, in con- sy deration that he hayd a wyffe and dyvers chyldren, wold make amongst them as they say cc7. to have his pardon, & as they allege the most of his lands ys in- tallyd, and cannot be forfett bot duryng his lyffe, so that the Queues Majestic can have no grett commo- dyte yerby, the wyffe of the sayd Grene was Thomas Lyster daughter, of Cravyn a ny kinsman to Lyster your L. servant, yf yt wold please your Honor ather by your selfe or others to cause the pardon be procuryd the money wylbe deuly payd. I am bold to wryte thys moche to your Honor because I here so moche good report of the sayd Grene, and that he ys moche la- chasers of the manor of Horsforth, from Lord Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, and Leonard Irby, Esq ; be married Alice, daughter of Mr. Thomas Lister, and had issue, John, William, Thomas,,. Anne, and Rosamund." Gargrave's account is an interesting confirmation of part of the above. 60 SIR TflOMAS GARGRAVE. mentyd wlier lie dwelt, and tlierfor liave liope he wold herafter be an lionest man. " Yf yt please, your Honor to procure a pardon for Athye, upon knowlege frome your L. I sliall cause yt to be drawne and send to your Honor. " Ther ys certen felons in the gaole at Hull, for the delyvere whereof I have apoynted a gaole delyvere at Hull the xiijt^ of this moneth wher I tryst Mr. Seriannt Wray wyll also be. Thus I cease to treble your Honor humble besechyng the same that I may knowe your Honor pleasure in the premisses and I shall beseche the Almyghty God to assiste your L. in the weghty affares of the realme and long to preserve you in helth and honor to your L. good contentation, frome Nostell in haist the vj^^ day of September 1571. " Your good L. ever most humble to commande, ^^ Thomas Gaegrave."* Sir Thomas Gargrave to Lord Burleigh. "My boundon deuty humble remembred to your Honor yt may please the same to be advertysyd, that so farre as may appere by any talke or doyngs of the late erle of Northumberland at or before his dethe he contynewed obstynate in Eelygyon, and declaryd he wold dye a Catholyke of the popes churche, he ac- comptyd his offence nothyng and especyally after he knewe he shuld dye, but before he semyd to confesse he hayd offendyd, and wold qualyfye yt sayng he dyd that he dyd by compulsyon and for feare of his lyffe. ■^ Domestic — Addenda, Eliz., Vol. XX. NORTHUMBERLAND EXECUTED. 61 He confessyd lie was reconsylyd to tlie pope_, lie affermyd this E,ealme was in a scysme, and tliat al were sysmatyks^ lie sayd liere was nather petie nor mercy, in his talke with divers he namyd hymselfe symple Thome, and sayd symple Tom must dye to sett up crewell Henry ; at his dethe he wyshyd his brother to be of his Kelygyon, and then yf he hayd his lyvyng he trystyd he wold pay his detts, and helpe his chydren and servants. '^ He dyd not here ather pray for the queues ma*'® nor ever wyshed her well, nor yet wold confesse he hayd offendyd her ma*'® wherat many was offendyd and thought he hayd no deutifiil consyderation of her ma"®^ and on the othersyde the scysmekyd papysts recevyd moche of his stedfastnes in that trade of popyshe Kelygyon. I beseche the almyghty to preserve the queues ma*'® and all good subiects frome thayr decetfull and crewell practyses the wyche in myn openyon they intend, yf tyme wold serve. They have to moche lybertye and stepe and waxe herd hertyd wylfull and stoborne. The L. resyste thayr malyce and defende his electe and al the good and crystyan jDcople, and thus besechyng your Honor to beare with my boldnes I cease to treble you humble besechyng the Almyghty long to preserve your good L. in helth and honor — from Yorke in haist the 23 of August 1572. ^^ Your Honors ever humble to command, ^' Thomas Gargeave.* * Cotton ^JSS., Calig. C. III., in the British Museum. 62 SIR THOMAS GAIiGRAVE. The Same to the Same. • ^' My deuty liumble remembred to your Honor^ with my lyke tlianks for al your Honoris goodnes towerds me, and for your late advertysement of the L. Presy- »dent apoyntyd,* of whome I have herde so moche good reporte and especyally in matters of crystyan relygyon, wyche here I tryst his L. shall farther with his good countenance and ayed^ and also by thadmynystration of justyce indeferently well execute his offyce_, to the glory of God_, the Quene^s Majesties contentation_, his awne honor and to the good and quiett of thes partes that I have grett hope of goodnes to growe therby, and my L. Ai-chbusshope beyng placyd in the Com- myssyon of this Counsall_, lying ny Yorke may be ever a good assistant to his L. My L. Archbusshope as yet ys not placyd a Counsalor in thes partes. I am and shalbe this vj days occupyed here in the contree * Henry Hastings, Earl of Huntingdon. A letter of his, dated 26th April, 1573, shortly after his establishment in office, reports as follows on the state of Yorkshire — (see Harl. MS., 6991) — " Wee have here begiinh y® musters. And in sum mo placys I have gone my selfe for my better knowledge of y® cuntrye, and settyng forward of y® servys, then els I wolde have seene ; where surleye I founde greate numbers of talle men, and a people most wyllynge and readye to serve hyr Ma*^' even in Craven, wheare tliey are most ignorant of God and relygion ; so as yf tliey may have good gnydes, in my opinion no parte of thys realme doth breede better subiects, then they wyll be heare . . . but one greate one of y® contrarie dis- position may doo heare muche more hurte then in any parte of y^ realme." LACK OF COUNSELLORS. 63 for tlie assessement of tlie subsedy wlieryn I was hynderyd almost a fortenyglit by my severall iorneys to Yorke about tliexecution of the late Erie of Nortlium- berland, wboo dyed tbe xxij of August at iij of the clocke at afternoiie. And because I cannot untyll tuysday next conferre with the L. Archebushoppe, I have wryttyn unto hym to cousydre of the choys of persons mete to be counselors in these partes and after that day I shall advertyse your Honor therof. " Yf Sir Henry Gate and Sir George Bowes with Mr. Vaghan wold make thayr abode in thes partes they wold be good assistants for men of wurshippe and for know- ledge in the lawe, here ys non mete besydes theys alredy placyd^ and Mr. Tankerd ys agyd and so trebled with the stone and strangurs that he may not well travell ; and yf we lacke hym here ys non bot Mr. Meres, that knoweth the lawe, for that lytle I hayd ys for- go ttyn because yt ys xxviij yeres sins I left the study of the lawe and so long have I rem any d here of this Counsall. And yf yt were no hynderance to Mr. Raufe Eokebey I do wyshe he were placyd here as an attendant^ and for others I shall when I have conferryd with my L. Archebusshope advertyse your Honor, and send unto you suche remembrances of the Instructions as ar to be referryd in myn openyon, thus I am bold with your Honor humble besechyng you to contynewe my good L. and to helpe me furth of my present cares,, and to my power I shall ever duryng 64 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. lyffe remayne at your Honors commanderaent &c. — frome Nostell in liaist the 2 of September 1572. ^' Your Honors ever liumble to command^ "Thomas Gaegrave."* The Same to the Same. " My deuty humble remembred to your Honor, ac- cordyng to your L. late letter I have conferryd with my L. Archbushoppe towchynge mete persons to be counsaillors in thes partes, ather for thayr credytt and power, or for thayr knowlege in ye lawe bot we have not takyn upon us to preferre any, bot I have herwith send your Honor a byll of the names of the men of most wurshyppe and of the grettyst lyvyngs in thes partes, and also of suche as be lernyd in the lawes. " The people be here I thynke as in other places of the Realme, on sorte ys pleasyd with the late facte in rrannce,t a seconde sorte moche lament yt, and be- come fearfull and moche appaulyd at yt, a thyrde wold seme indeferent as newtralls and thoys are the grettyst nomber and may be termyd dyssemblers and yet many of them obedyent subiects and ar to be ledde by the auctoryte, and by thayr landislords and offycers. ^'^ The Quene^s Majestic hayth many grett seignoryes in this shyre, and yf the offycers were resyant (resi- dent ?) and wold well intrete the people, the Queues Majestic without grett charges myght with some * Domestic— Addenda, Eliz.,Vol. XXI. t The Massacre of St. Bartholomew, August 24th. THE LAWS TOO GENTLE. 65 delygence of tlioJBfycers, accordyng to ordre to be takyiij have in redynes upon any sodan ny mm. (2_,000) tranyd soldyors_, and the ofFycers and captens beyng well cliosyn_, tlie parcell and charges shuld not be grett, and I do thynke the wyckydnes of the tyme suche^ that with fayth and feare in good, delygence ys to be usyd with care_, to prevent the malycyous and wykyd practyses of the evyllj and the L. God I tryst wyll worke with us and for us^ yf we call upon hym^ and endevor ourselfes to do our devor* to resyst his ennemyes. King Henry the viij abandonyd the pope and stode stoutly to yt and hayd good lawes to brydle his enmyes, I have herd them termyd blody lawes bot yt ys to be fearyd our to gentyll lawes, wyll not resyst crewell blodeshedyng, yt ys a common saying the weapon betokenyth peace. '^ Yf my Lord of Huntington do not come downe at mychelmes his Lordship ys to take ordre for the stay here, as well for thappoyntyng of a vice-pr. as for the dyett of hym and the counsaill. '^ His Lordship is to have one commyssyon for the counsaill for heryng of causes, one other Commyssyon of oyre and determyner ; the instructions for the Coun- saill ; a warrant to the recover for the fees allowed, and a warrant for venyson to words the dyett to be takyn in all the Queues Majesties forests chasses and parks be north Trent, one stag and one hind in every place of rede dere, and ij buckes and ij does in every place of falowe dere. Endeavour, duty ; aa in French, d&voir. 66 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. " I humble beseclie your Honor to be my good Lord in my suyte to the Queues Majestie my symple servyce within this vij last yeres hayth cost me ny a thousand pounds besydes all allowances, yf yt be my chance to wayte of your Honor at this parlyament I shall then be an humble sutor unto your Lordship_, as well in my sayd suyt as for my impost for wyne ; my late Lord Tresurer every yere untyll the ij last years allowed me for iiij tonnes yerly and the to (two) last yeres T hayd only for ij tonnes_, I beseche your Lordship yf I may not have myn old allowance of iiij tonnes that then I may have for iij tonnes and yet the hole iiij tonnes hayth not servyd my house, bot yf the Queues Majestie be not good to me I shall abate that and more besydes ; thus I humble beseche your Honor to bere with my boldnes and to my power I shall remayne at your Lordships commandement, &c. — from Nostell in haist the xviij of September 1572. " Your Honors ever humble to command^ " Thomas Gaegeave."* Names of the Princejpall gentlemen in Yorhsliyre. EsTE Rydynge. cZf Sir John Constable/ mp Sir Marmaduke Constable.^ lyp Sir Wylliam Babthorpe.^ * Domestic— Addenda, Eliz., Vol. XXI. The list of Gentry which follows is enclosed with the letter. t The marks before each name are explained at the end of thelist. 1 Of Burton Constable. ^ Of Evreringham. ^ Of Babthorpe Hall. PRINCIPAL GENTRY. 67 Jolin Vaghan/ Xpor Hyllyerd.^ Thomas Boynton.^ mjp Robert Aske.'^ . Edward Ellerker.^ Jolin Hussey.^ John Hothome/ w'p Peter Vavasor.^ Rauf Bouclier.^ North Rydynge. Lord Latimer/^ Lord Eure.^^ Sir Henry Gate.^^ ivp Sir Thomas Danbey.-^" mp Sir Ric. Chulmeley.^* mp Sir William Farefaxe.-^'^ . Sir William Bellases.^'^ mp John Sayre.^'' d Xpor Erancis Wasfurth yonger/^ d Xpor Rokebye,^'^ . Roger RatlyfTe.'*^ iv]p Roger Tocketts."^ 1 Of Sutton upon Derwent. ^ Of Wmestead in Holder- Jiess. a Of Barmston. ^ Of Aughton. = Of Risby. ^ Of North DuflSeld and Hemingborough. '' Of Scarborough. '^ Of Bellasize. » Of Benningborough. i^ Of Snape. ^^ Of Malton. 12 Of Seamer. ^^ of Scruton. ^^ Of Roxby. ^^ Of Gilling. -^" Of Newborough. ^^ Of Worksall. is Of KirkUngton. '^ Of Moreton. " Of Mulgrave. ^^ Of Langburgh. 68 SIR THOMAS GAEGRAVE. wp William Wyclyff.^ wp Francis Wyclyff. wjp Pudsay. d Eic. Aldburgh. Thomas Layton.^ ivp Xpor Wyvell.^ John Constable of Dromanby, Roger Ratlyffe. Thomas Gowre.* Thomas Savile.^ West Riding. Comes Salop, d Lord Darcy. d Sir Ingrame Clyfforde. ; Sir Thomas Gargrave. Sir Symon Musegrave. mjp Sir Ric. Stapleton/ mp Sir Willm. Mallery.^ d Sir Willm. Ingle bye.'' Rye. Tempest.^'^ Thomas Farefaxe.^^ mjp John Vavasor .^^ d Francis Wortley.^^ 1 Of Whitby. 2 Qf Saxbam. s Of Osgodby. * Of Stitten- Lam. ^ Of Welburn. ^ Second son of Henry, Earl of Cum- berland. ^ Of Carleton, near Snaith. s Qf Studley, near Ripon. ^ Of Ripley. '" Of Bowling. " Of Walton and Gilling. ^^ Of Weston. ^^ Qf Wortley, near Barnsley. PBINCIFAL GENTRY. m mp Thomas Wentworth/ d Willm. Ta.nkerd.2 d George Savyle.^ m2^ Willm. Plumton.* Eye. Malleverer.^ d Edmond Eltoftes.'' Franncis Slyngesbey." ivp Bryan Stapleton.^ luj^f Walter Calverley.^ d Wyllm. Hungate-i*^ d Willm. Hawmond." ivj:) Rio. Gascoigne and liis bretliern.^^ Thomas Waterton.^^ d Thomas Reresbey.^* Francis Woderoffe.^^ d Willm. Lyster.^*^ John Lambert.-^'^ Rye. Beamond.^^ d John Beverley .^^ 1 Of Wentworth Woodhouse. 2 Of Boroughbridge. ^ Of Northgate-head, alias Haselden Hall, in Wakefield. ^ Of Plumpton, near Knaresborough. ^ Of Allerton Malleverer, near AVetherby. ^ Of Farnhill, near Ski^Dton — described as of Knottingley, in 1584. "^ Of Scriven, near Knares- borough. 8 Of Wighill, near York.(?) ^ Of Calverley. ^^ Of Saxton, near Swillington. ^^ Of Scarthingwell, near Sherburne. 12 Of Lasingcroft. ^^ of Walton, near Wakefield. " Of Thri- bergh, near Rotherham. ^^ Of Woolley, near Wakefield. ^^ Of Midhope and Thornton, in Craven. ^^ Of Calton, in Craven. ^8 Of Whitley. i» Of Selby. rO SIB THOMAS GARGRAVE. Gentylmen of mener degre, ESTEYDYNG. d Eobert Wryght/ cl Robert Hawdenbye.^ mio Marmaduke Cunstable.^ Arthur Dakyns.* William Strycland.'^ cl Bryan Lacy.^ Marmaduke Lacy. d Gabryel Sayntquyntyn/ d Constable of Coretliorpe. mi^ Thomas Dolman.^ d Robert Sothebey.^ George Dakins.^^ Xpor Legierd.-^^ d Antony SmetMey, NoETH Riding. mi? Antony Cateryck/- ^vp Robert Rokebye.^" Xpor Lepton.^* d Roger Burgke.^^ mj; Henry Scrope.^° wf Mickeell Wansfurtk.^'^ Avary Uvedale. 1 Of Plowland, in Holderness. 2 0fHaldenb5% ^Of Cliffe. ''Of Linton. ^ Of Boynton. « Of Folkton. ^ Of Harswell, or HarpLam. s Of Pocklington. s Of Pocklington. i'^ Of Brands- burton. 11 Of Anlaby. i^ Of Carlton, near Stokesley. ^^ Of Manfiekl, in Richmondshire. '^^ Of Kepwitli. ^^ Of East Hankswell. ^^ Of Danby. i" Of Kirklington. MINOR GENTRY. 71 d Symon Dodiswortli.^ William Davell.2 Roofer Dalton. Jolin Place. The County of y° City op Yorke. Sir Robert Stapleton." d Sir Oswolde Wylstliorpe. d Gabryell Farefaxe.* d Yavasor.^ d Jolin Ynglebey.^ West Rydyng. d Laurance Kythley/ wp Willm. Hawkeswortli.^ d Matbewe Redman.^ . Ric. Bunny.i*^ . Hugb Savile.^i Robert Bradfurtb.^^ d Jobn Lacy of Lentborpe (Leventborpe). Jobn Lacy of Brerelay. d Henry Tempest.^^ onjJ Jobn Hamerton of Cravyn." tup Jobn Hamerton of Monkroyde.^^ d Robert Rocklay/*^ 9??j9 Tbomas Drapere. 1 Of Thornton Watlas. 2 Qf Coxwold. ^ Of Wighill. ^ Qf Steeton. ^ Of Hazel wood. ^ Second son of Wm. Ingleby, of Ripley. ^ Of Newall, near Otley. ^ Qf Hawksworth, near Otley 9 Of Harewood. ^' Of Newland near Wakefield. ^^ Of Wrenthorpe, near Wakefield. ^^ Of Stanley, near W^akefield, 13 Of Broughton, inCraven. ^-^ Of Hellifield. ^^ NearPontefract. ^^ Of Rockley, near Barnsley. 72 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. Willm. Womb well. d Jerves Boswyle.^ d Willm. Froby slier. ^ mp Robert Ley.* mjp Pers Stanley.^ d Jolin Holmes.^ d James Wasliyngton.'' wp Martyn Anne.^ d Bartylmew Tregott.^ m/p Herry Gryce.^° Jolm Kay of Woodsome.^^ Jolin Kay of Okynshay.-^ mjp Xpor Nelson. wp Henry Oglesthorpe.-'^ mp Xpor Hopton.^* Willm. Vavasor of Weston. ivp Wilm. Gascoigne of Caley. wp Wyllm. Arthyngton.^^ Bryan Bales. Many mo evyll and dowtfulL { . protestant. _ J ivpjih.Q worste sorte. y® markes ( mp), meane or lesse evyll. d, doutfull or newtor. 1 Of Wombwell, near Barnsley. ^ Qf Ardsley and Newhall, near Barnsley. 3 Of Finningley, near Doncaster. ^ Of Hat- field. ^ Of Womersley, near Pontefract. ^ Of Hampole, near Doncaster. "^ Of Ad wick le Street, s Qf Frickley. ^ Of South Kirby. ^" Of Sandal, near Wakefield. ^^ Near Almondbiiry. 12 Oakenshaw, near Wakefield. ^^ Of Beaghall. -^^ Of Armley, near Leeds. ^^ Of Arthington. WAKEFIELD OLD PARK. 73 Tlie following papers in Gargrave's hand- writing, and endorsed wiili liis name by Lord BurgUey, are the last traces of him that can be found in the State Papers. They are undated ; but from various considerations have been assigned to the year 1574 : — Survey op Wakefield Old Park. " A brefe note of the Survey of th'olde parke of Wakefelde beyng surveyed and mesuryd by me and presentyd by sundry gentylmen and others of good honesty beyng sworne for that purpose. ^' The same parke ys a busshye and barran ground in the most parts therof and contenyth 340 acres with 16 -acres wythout the pale usyd as parcel of the parke wherof 4 acres at 2s. y^ acre,, 200 acres at 16d. the acre, the residew at 4d. the acre. ^' Ther ys no tymber wods yerin for repare of pale or loges bot the wods yerin be old rotyn dotyd* trees valued in all to 13Z. 6s. 8d. ^^ Ther ys no copyses mynes or other proffett theryn. '^ Ther ys fewe dere theryn and presently nather bucke nor sowre^f for the pale ys so in decaye that yt wyll not kepe in the dere. * Dotard or doated, appHed to trees, means beginning to decay, or stumpy — thus in Friar Bacoii's Brazen {dead's Prophesie, 1604 — Then beetles could not live Upon the hony bees, But they the drones would drive Unto the doted trees. t A soiver is a buck in his fourth year. 74 SIR THOMAS GAEGBAVE. '^ Tlier ys yerin on loge and 2 lytle howses at the park gates_, the wyche with also the parte pale be so farre in decay, that 40 tymber trees and 33?. Cs. 8d. ys con- venyent to be bestowed for the present repare yerof. " The Eyver of Calder hayth wastyd away 12 acres of the best ground yerof and for the defence therof the thornes and busshes in the parke, with 40Z. in money is convenyent to be furthwith imploied. '^The yerly rent of the parke ys only by yere lOL wherof goeth furth for fees to the keeper and palester yerly 5L lod., and remanyth there towerds the charges of the repare yerly 41. 18s. 9d., so that al the pre- mysses consyderyd, the same parke for lacke of woods, and for the grett charges therof ys not to be contyneud as a parke, for the contynenance yerof wilbe more charges than ather pleasure or profett. " Ther ys 3 other parkes wythin a myle therof, and 4 mo parkes within 6 myles yerof and al be the Queues Majesties grounds. '*" My suyte ys to gyfie the Queues Majestic 200 marks wyche amountyth to 30 yeres purchace of her Majes- ties clere rent and yet communihus annis her Majestic hayth not 40s. by yere, and I to have the grant of the sayd parke in recompence yerof and of my suyte and to discharge her hyghnes of the aforesayd fees, to me and to my heyres for ever and to pay yerly to the Queues Majesiie and her heyrs 10?. rent as a fee ferme. " This my suyte ys in manor of a purchace and yet the- SUES FOR THE OLD PARK. 75^ Quenes majestie shall have lier full revenew^ and be also dyschargyd of 5L fee yerly, and of all repare. ^^ 2 suyte. — Yf the Quenes Majestie wyll not departe with the fee S3Tnple^ I have hot . . . same and I shall humble require to have the same to me and to my heyrs males in fe ferme and I shall gyffe the Quenes Majestie 40L in money and yerly duryng ten of the furst yeres ten pounds by yere and ever after 16/. by yere, and I shall also dyscharge her Majestie of the rents fees and repare. " My suyte ys for to have my herytance yerin because the fencyng stubbyng and dressyng of the ground wylbe very chargeable,, and ar not to be borne by any fermor^ and I wold also buyld me a dwellyng howse yerin for that yt ad- ioynythto the place wher Iwasborne^&wher my landlyeth. " Yf I may attayne ather of thes too suytes, I shall thynke my selfe well satysfyed and be redy to spend the rest of my lyffe with my ly vyng in suche the Quenes Majestie servyce and affares as I shalbe apoyntyd unto. " 3 suyte. — Yf the Quenes Majestie wyll not departe with the inherytance then I tryst her Majestie wyll gTant yt to me upon the surrender of th^old patent for terme of my lyfie and 2i or 30 yeres after wyth lyberty to take and stubbe the trees and bushes^ and I shall gyffe her majestie duryng my lyffe lOl. rent^ and dyscharge her majestie of the aforsayd fees and charges^ and after my dethe durynge the said terme I shall gyffe her majestie 16?. rent by yere. '^ Or yf her majestie wyll graunt yt unto me upon the '76 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. surrendr of the former patent for 40 yeres, I shall gyffe the Quenes Majestie 20/. and 10/. rent yerely for ten of the furst yeres_, and yerly after 16Z. by yere^ and I shall also dyscharge her majestie of the aforsayd fees and charges of repare. '^ Provydyd always that the same parke be not kepte as a parke for dere nor I chargyd with any kepers. ^* In this last suyte I tryst the Quenes Majestie wyli not stycke, bot I wold moche rather obtene ather of the 2 former suytes, because I wold buyld me an howse jQv'uij and end my lyffe ther."*^* SiE Thomas Gargrave^s Will. *^ In the name of God^ Amen. I^ Thomas Gargrave •of Nostell in the Countie of Yorke_, knight^ being in health and good memorie (praised be unto God) con- syderinge the uncertaintie of man's lyfe_, and the troubles that often arise for the lands and goods of the dead^ and also the cares and troubles of the sicke^ yf order bee not therein taken before. Therefore I mynde to prevent the same by God''s grace so much as in me is_, by the makeing of this my will and testament written with my owne hand and sealed with my scale as hereafter herein is declared ; and before I enter further therein I doe hereby declare my selfe to beleve that all thinges written in the olde and new Testament (that is to say) in the Canonicall Scriptures bee written for our learnynge^ and that the same is profitable to * Domestic— Addenda, Vol. XXIII. SEBMONS TO BE PREACHED. 7T teaclie and instructe in all rituousness_, and therein wee bee tauglite that we be all synners^, and tliat yf wee say that wee have no synne we deceyve ourselves and the trueth is not in us/^ :ic ^ ^ ^ j|c After a very long elaboration of his religions views, wholly expressed in the words of Scripture,, Sir Thomas proceeds : — ^^ And I will my bodie shalbe buried in the upper- most Queer on the South Syde of Wragbie Churche, and yf I make not a tombe before my death, then I will that my heii'es or executors shall make one within six yeres next after my death, and I will that mention be thereon made of me and both my wyfes and of my children, and I will that the day of my funeralls there shalbe a Sermon made by some learned man, and xii moe sermons to bee made at Wragbie Churche on xii of the next Sondayes after my said funeralls, and I will that other xii sermons shalbe made at Hemes- worth Churche on xii Sondayes next after the said xii Sondayes, that is to witt upon everie of the xxiii Sondayes one sermon, in all which sermons I woulde have the people taught e there dueties in prayer, and in the comaundements of God, and in charity towards their neighbours, and their justification by faith in Jesus Christ. Then I will that my mortuaries shalbe paid according to the lawes of this realme ; and I will that the day of my funeralls shall be gyven and bestowed to thinhabitants of everie cottaige in the 78 SIR THOMAS GARGRA VE. parishes of Heineswortli and Wragbie, and in tlie towns of Havercrofte and Upton XIId._, and to everie poore scliollcr of the Scholes att Hemeswortli and Wragbie lid. and to everie one of tlie Hospitall in Hemswortli Illld. ; and I will tliat there shall be dis- tributed the day of my funeralls to the poore of Wragbie parishe one quarter of wheate and one of rye in breate att their houses ; and I will to bee paid within one moneth next after my death to the Churchwardens of everie parishe hereafter named to bee putt into the poore man's bo—- in the said severall parishes for the releife of their 2^ooi'^:> to Wakefield XXs.^ to Pontefract Xs.^ to Wragbie Xs., to Hemes worth Xs., to Felkirke Vis. Vllld., to Crofton YIs. Vllld., to Baddesworth YIs. Vllld. I will my wyfe shall have all her mornyuge apparell with all other her apparell with her cheyne and her broderie for her French hoode, and all her rings and Jewells ; I will that my wyfe*s two maides have everie of them one blacke gowne, and her man one blacke coate ; I give to Bridgctt Haighe alias Tempest XLs. ; and to Frances the wife of Mr. Thomas Womb well XLs. in re- compense of all things they or eyther of them may clayme of their fathcr^s gyfte or bequest, and I con- syderinge my wife^s aige and impotencie, and by reason of her aige, the decay of her seighte and hearinge, I do will and desyer her my said wife to remaine in house with my sonne or other my heire duringe her lyfe, and that she shall have convenient PROVISION FOB HIS WIDOW. 79 chambers and lodgeings with bedds fyers and otlier necessaries^ for lier selfe, lier two maids_, and one man. And for her chamber, if she hke_, the chamber wherein she now lyethe, that then she shall have and keepe the same with the two chambers next within the same with the bedd clothes and therein and convenient meate and drinke for her, and her said servaunts ; and I will that my heires shall pay her fiftie pounds rents yerely att Pentecost and Martynmas by even portions furthe of all my lands, tenements, and hereditaments ; and for defaulte of payment thereof or of anie parte thereof, att anie of the said dayes of payment, and by twentie dayes after that then my heires to forfeyte to my said wife in the name of a paine therefore, for everie tyme fyve pounds of lawfuU moneys, and that ytt shalbe lawfull for my said wyfe and her assignes and everie of them to enter and dis- trayne in all my lands and tenements for the said rent and arreragies thereof, and for the said somme suh nomine poence, and the same distresse and distresses to impounde and reteyne untill the same with th^arreragies thereof, yf anie bee, shalbe fully satisfied and paid, the which bequest of this my will and therein specified with meate drinke lodginge and the said rent of fyftie pounds by yere I will shalbe in full recompense and satisfaction of her dower of all my lands tenements and hereditaments. And I will that to be parcel of that recompense she shall have paid within one moneth next after my death the somme of twentie pounds of. law- 80 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. full money ; and I Avill slie shall farther have VI sylver spoones gylte, and VI with appostills on the ende, the sylver aile cupp and cover gylte^ the which spoones and cupp were Sir John Wentworthe's;* And I will she shall ymediatly after my death have the mannor of Holey with all that was her joynter of the Myrfeilds lands. And I will and bequeath by this my will and testament to my said wife^ that yf she agree and accepte the legacies and bequests of this my will according to the intent thereof^ that then she shall have the bedd whereon she lyeth and the ymplements thereof with two paire of sheets and three ... to bestowe upon her children att the time of her death, so they live quietly without troublinge or vexinge my heires or ex- ecutors or any of them for anie thing that was their fathers. And where Hector Wentworth my wifes Sonne hath heretofore had and receyved of my wyfe one aile cupp of sylver, and the cover all gylte, to the value of foure pounds or thereabouts, and also one tablett of Golde with two stones therein to the value of VIII L att the least, the which I will he shall have and reteyne to his owne use with also VI7. XIIIs. IVd. in money to be paid T\dthin one yere after my death, so within the said time he do release to myne heires exe- cutors or administrators all actions and demaunds, or yf he shall not so do, then all my bequests unto him to * Gargrave's second wife was the widow of Sir JoLn Went- worth, of North Elmsall, and daughter of Roger Appleton, co. Kent. SUNDRY BEQUESTS. 81 bee voide : and yf my said wife be not content with tliese my bequests in tliis my will^ and to accepte tliem in full recompense of all her dower of my lands tene- ments and hereditaments, and for and in full recom- pense of all such portions of my goods and cattells and of the goods and cattells of her former husbands as she may have and clayme by anie meanes, then I leave her to have that the lawe will, and all my former bequests to be voide to her for ever, but I verelye trust and desyer my said wife well to consyder of her aige and quietnes, and I chardge my sonne even as the father may chardge the sonne before God, that hee bee gentle and good unto her as unto his father's good wife as hee hath good cause, yf he call to remembrance her rare diligence and goodnes towards him in his youthe, and her kyndnes nowe to his childi^en. I bequieth to Susane Wentworth yf she remaine with my wyfe att my death XI. of money towards her marriage ; and to Thomas Wentworth father of the said Susane YIL XIIIs. IVd. bothe the saide two last devised to bee voide, if the said Thomas Wentworthe, his Executors or Administrators or anie of them shall att anie time after my death vexe sue or impede myne heires or exe- cutors or anie of them for anie the bequests or goods or cattells that was his father's. I will that Chris- topher Penson have during his life the house wherein he now dwelleth in Wakefeilde with all houses gardens crofts and grounds in Burmantofte, and now in his occupation, hee yerely payinge the out rents thereof and G 82 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. tlie makeinge and doeinge all necessarie reparacions o£ the said house and grounds. And I give to Jaue Pear- son Ms daughter V?. towards her marriage to bee paid at the time of her marrage. And further I will and bequieth to Thomas Gargrave my servant XLs. yerely furthe of my lands at Nostell untill he shalbe preferred by marriage or otherwaies to a lyvinge of IIIIL yerely. I give and devise to everie one of the children of James Byrkeby and Thomas Sands that shalbe unmarried at the time of my death Xs. ; and I will that everie of my waiting household servants att the time of my death shall have one blacke coate and Xs. in money over and besydes his wages then due. And I give will and bequieth to Frauncis Roids, Serjeant at lawe,* and to Robert Bradforth of Stanley,, Esquire^t the third part of all my manor lands and tenements for YI yeres next after my death to the intent that they with the rents and profitts thereof shall pay my debts and lega- cies ; provided alwaies that when they have receyved so muche as will satisfie the same, that then this bequeste to bee voide ; and one other full thirde parte of my lands tenements and hereditaments I do lease to the Queue or Prince duriug the infancie and nonaige of myne heire, and yf Cotton Gargrave my sonne shall fortune to dye before me, then I will unto my daughter ■^ Rodes, of Great Houghton ; afterwards Justice of the Common Pleas. t The son of Brian Bradford, of the same place, an attorney. Robert Bradford was a Justice of the Peace, and treasurer for lame soldiers, 36-40 Eliz, He died about 1598. HIS DEATH. 83 in lawe Ms wife my mannor of Darton witli tli'appur- tenances and XLL yerely rent cliardge owt of my mannor of Wrenthorpp to bee paid at Pentecost and Martynmas yerely duringe her lyfe by even portions ; and I give and bequieth to the said Frauncis Roids and Roberte Bradfurtbe and to their heires all my manners lands tenements and hereditaments with tM appurtenances in the severall parishes of Wragbie^ Crofton_, Fetherstou^ Ackeworth_, Baddesworth, Hemesworth^ Felchurche_, and in everie of them to the onely nse of Cotton Gar- grave my Sonne, and to the heires mailes of the bodie of Bridgett his first wife lawfully begotten, and for •default of such issue then to the use of the heires mailes of the body of the said Cotton Gargrave of his seconde wyfe the doughter of Thomas Watterton law- fully begotten, and for defaulte of suche issue to the use of my right heires for ever. And I will and bequieth to the said Frauncis Roids fyve pounds for his paines, and to Robert Bradforthe for his pains ITI^. YIs. Vllld. And I do make Cotton Gargrave my sole executor of this my last will and testament. In witnes whereof &c. the 27th day of Marche, 20 Eliz.: ( ) there beinge witnesses James Byrkeby, Matthew Usher, Thomas Olerke, Thomas Gargrave, Richard Tempest, and Thomas Tayler.^'* Sir Thomas Gargrave died on the 28th March 1579. * From a copy in Additional MS. 24,475 (one of Hunter's Collections) in the British Museum, taken, we believe, from the original in the possession of Viscount Galway. 84 SIB THOMAS GABGBAVE, There was an inquisition taken of liis estates on tlie 1st May following,* at Wragby, when it was certified that he held the manors of Winterset, Crofton, West Hardwick, AVrenthorpe, Hemsworth, Upton, Kinsley, Barton, Ryhill, Askern, and Havercroft ; a tenement called Santingley Grange ; a windmill in Crofton ; the advowson of Hemsworth Church ; messuages and land& in Ackworth, &c. He also held a " park called the Old Park of Wakefield/' granted by the Queen to himself and his heirs. A few words on the unfortunate descendants of Sir Thomas Gargrave will bring this chapter to a close. Sir Cotton Gargrave was the only surviving son of Sir Thomas. He was 39 years old at the death of his father, and only enjoyed the estate ten years. He seems to have taken but little part in county afiairs,, beyond serving the office of High Sherifi" in 1584. One letter of his has come under our observation,, ^vi^itten to Thomas Eandolph, who, it seems, had just returned from an embassy to Scotland. It is short,- and so may as well find place here : — Sir Cotton Gaegeave to Thomas Eandolph. " My L. Ambassadoure and my good cousen, I am most glad to hear of your helthe, as God be thankid '^ The commissioners were Ralph Rokeby, George ^YoodrllfF, and Brian Hammond, Esquires. The jury was composed of Robert Lee, Jervase Nevile, James Washington, John Holmes, Thomas Barmbj'-, Christopher Nelson, Thomas Savile, Esquires, and Thomas Storthes, Thomas Tempest, Thomas Crosby, George- Watterton, Hugh Wentworth, Richard Tempest, Robert Usher,, gentlemen. HIS DESCENDANTS. 35 i leaft your wieff and cliydren wlian I came from London^ and I am glad to hear of your returne owt of Scotland in helthe. I praye you lett your frend see you at liis poore liowse in your passayge, it is not owt of your waye you slialbe as welcome to my liowse as unto any frend liis liowse in Ingland y you have. Newse I can writt you none because they ar y*" thynges I aske not often. God send you well unto my howse at Nostill & from thence as it shall plese God & you to London whear tlier is many j^ wold be most glad to see you, & I to receyve some few lynes from you of your returne as you passe & at whatt tyme & ... I committ you to y^ Lord. Nostill this fyrst day of May 1586. " Your kinsman & assurid frend, "Cotton Gaegeave."^ Sir Cotton's son Thomas succeeded to the family estates in 1588. He was tried and executed at York for the murder of his servant, some seven years after- wards, leaving a daughter, Prudence, who married Dr. Richard Berrie, of Hodroyd. Richard, the half-brother of Thomas, then inherited the property. In 1605 he served the office of High Sheriff ; and it is told of him that as he rode through the streets of Wakefield he " bestowed great largesses upon the common people, in congratulation for so wise, peaceful, and religious a * Harl. MS. 6994, in the British Museum. Gargrave is erro- ■neously printed "Mowgrave" in the Calendar. 86 SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE. king as England tLen enjoyed." Sir Eichard was a gambler and a spendtlirift^ and by little and little tlie great estates upon "wbicli lie entered were parted witb to support liis extravagance. Nostel was disposed of in 1613. Dodswortli wrote of liim in 1634 tliat '' lie now livetli in tlie Temple for sanctuary, having consumed Lis whole estate, to the value of 3,500/. per annum at the least, and hath not a penny to maintain himself but what the purchasers of some part of his lands in re- version after his mother^s death allow him, in hope he will survive his mother, who hath not consented to the sale.^' Hunter, writing in 1830, says, ''^ The memory of his extravagance and his vices yet lingers about Kinsley; and Kinsley, not Nostel, is supposed to- have been the scene of the murder. The rustic moralist .still points his counsel with the story of Sir Kichard Gargrave, who could once ride on his own land from Wakefield to Doncaster, and had horses innumerable at his command, but was at last reduced to travel with the pack-horses to London, and was found dead in an old hostelry, with his head on a pack-saddle.^' The little that is known of Mary Gargrave, one of Eichard's sisters, is hardly less sad. She was maid of honour to Anne of Denmark, the Queen of James I. Between the years 1631 and 1639 she presented several petitions to Charles, praying for protection against her creditors. In the first of these she stated that her pension had been already made over to them, and ^^ she still in much peril, having nothing to live upon." A THE FAMILY DECLINES, 87 year later, she prayed for the renewal of lier protection, being then 1,000Z. in arrear, "to prevent an old servant of the king^s late mother from dying miserably in prison/^* Eichard had only female issne. His younger brother, Francis, had many children, one of whom. Cotton, was chaplain to the first Lord Irwin. The family, however, gradually declined, and some years ago there was a Gargrave, believed to be of this family, who filled the humble office of parish clerk at Kippax. * She was baptized 17th Jan., 1575-6 (see Banks' WalJis about Wakefield, p. 283), and so would be about 56 years old at this time. The petitions quoted from are preserved among the State Papers of the period. CHA]'TER IL SIR MARTIN FROBISHER. Both tlie birth-place and the parentage of Sir Martin Frobislier liave been tlie subjects of mucli discussion at various times^ without any satisfactoay result. The compilers of biographical dictionaries^ copying one from another, content themselves with the assertion that he was born in the neighbourhood of Doncaster. If this off-hand assumption be traced to its source, it will be found to be based on the fact that there lived a Francis Frobisher in Doncaster about this time. He was a member of the Council of the North, and served the office of Mayor in the town where he lived. No traces of any other person of the same name can be found in the neighbourhood. Now, Francis Frobisher died in 1562, and shortly afterwards, as was usual in those days, a jury was impanelled to certify as to the estates which he held, their mode of tenure, his heir, &c. The report of this jury is still preserved, and is strictly legal evidence. It states that William is the son and heir of Francis, and that he is 24 years old. No other son is mentioned in this inquisition, nor is any other attributed to Francis in the pedigree com- piled by the Heralds on their visitations. There seems little reason to deprive Altofts, in the HIS PARENTAGE. 89 parish of Normanton, of the honour of having produced him. John Frobisher, of Altofts,* farmer of the king^s domain there, had a son John, who married a Freston, •of the same place. There were several sons issuing from that marriage. One of them was Francis, of Doncaster, above-mentioned. Anthony, another son, was vicar of Normanton. A third, Barnard, it appears by the Heralds' Visitation of Yorkshire in 158 J?, married Ada, daughter of John Yorke, of Gowthwaite, in Netherdale, near Ripon,t and Martin w^as one of the ■offspring of this nnion.J This statement is further confirmed by the fact of an entry in the Normanton Parish Registers of the baptism of Margaret, daughter ■of Barnard, whilst the inquisition taken after Sir Martin's death, as will presently be seen, shows him to have had a sister of the same name. ^ '* John Frobisher, of Newland," occurs on tlie subsidy roll for 15 Hen. 8, under Altofts and Normanton. Tlie roil for 1546 contains the names of Edmund " Frobishore," who is taxed lOs. inlands and fees, and of Johanna "Frobishore," under Altofts, and of Richard ''Frobiuhore," under JNormanton. In 1572 Gregory " Frobyser " is the only contributor ; he i^ays 2s. 8d. on lands. t The fifth son of Sir Richard Yorke, knt., of the city of York, who died in 1498. :|: See the pedigree of the Yorkes in Harleian MS., 1571, in the British Museum. The expression there is "Sir Martin and •others " ; it will be seen by the inqulsUioii post mortem that Martin had two brothers, John and David, and one sister, Margaret, who attained full growth. Sir John Yorke, presently alluded to as Mariin's kinsman, was a son cf John Yorke, of Gowthwaite ; he was Lord Mayor of London. It is worthy of observation that Sir John's son, Peter, succeeded to the Gowthwaite property, and that John Frobisher's son, also named Peter, was made Martin's heir. 90 SIR MARTIN FROBISHEH, When Martin was under examination in May, 1566, his ago was stated to be 27 or thereabouts, so we may regard his birth to have taken place in the year 1539. Michael Lok, who seems to have been one of his early friends, and whom Ave shall meet afterwards in con- nection with Frobisher^s three voyages, wrote in ono of his letters that Martin ''^was born of honest parent- age, ^ gentlemen ' of a good house and antiquity, who sent him to London to school ; his kinsman. Sir John Yorke, perceiving him to be of great spirit, bold courage, and natural hardness of body,^' thought a sea- faring life best suited for him, and sent him on a voyage to Guinea. Lok's narrative, unfortunately, breaks off at this point. However, the fact that Frobisher took a voyage to Guinea is curiously enough confirmed by the first mention of him that occurs in the State Papers. A document is preserved amongst them, called a '^ Declaration of Martin Frobisher, who was in the first and second voyages in the parts of Guinea, and there remained by the space of three quarters of a year in the Castle of Mine." The date of this is 27th May, 1562. Just tlu-ee years after this — that is, on the 26th May, 1565 — Frobisher was reported to be in command of a ship forming one of a fleet alleged to have been engaged in spoiling sixty-one Spanish ships. That Frobisher was at this time en- gaged in the active pursuit which now-a-days we should plainly designate as piracy, we w^ould hardly venture to assert ; but that he laboured under a reputa- SUSPECTED OF PIRACY. 91 tlon of that kind is plainly s1io^\ti in tlie next par- ticulars tliat can be ascertained about liim. Tlie fol- lowing letter tells its own stoiy : — The !Mayor and Burgesses of Saltash to the Privy CouxciL. '^Pleasitli Your Honors to be advertised tliat the fiveth day of this present moneth June we receved youi' Commyssion by this bearer Thomas Xaryse the Queens Majesties Servant for the apprehension of a shippe of the burden of six score or tlierabouts_, wherof is owner Martyn Furbusher^ and capiten or cheiff Euler, John Furbusher his brother^ and before this present tynie wee have not herde of any souche shippe or companye to be within the precincte of the liberties of this Town of Saltaysh^ but from hensfurth accordvng to our bounden dutie wee wyll from tyme to tyme diligently watche and serche if anye souche shippe or companye doe come or aiTws'e within our liberties, to apprehende and surely kepe aswell the sippo as also the persons therin beyng hopyng your Honors conceyve noe lesse opynyon in us but that we have bene and are alwayes redye to showe ourselves as trustye and obedyent subiectes^ &c.; from Saltayshe in Cornwall the fiveth day of June, 1566."^ However, the expedition which Frobisher had set out upon, whatever might be its object, was abeady at an end. Queen Elizabeth, writing about this time to one of her ministers. Lord Montague, mentions the many *Dom., Eliz., Vol. XL. 92 SIR MARTIN FROBISHEB. complaints of piracy^ in tlie Thames and elsewliere, that have been made, and adds that one '^ Furbisher *' and his partners have been committed to prison, and his ship arrested upon suspicion. That this person was none other than our hero, the following report is suffi- cient evidence :— Examination of Martin Frobisher. '^The 30th of May, 1566, before Mr. David Lewes, Doctor of Laws, judge, &c. ; in the presence of me_, John Lewes, public notary. " Martyne Furbisher of Normanton, * in the county •of York, gentleman, of the age of 27 or there abovvtes. " Beinge examined what shippinge he hathe, saytlie he hathe one shipp called the Mary Flower which he bought of John Baxter, gent., abowte 12 monethes past then called the Mathewe of the burthen of an hun- drethe Tonnes or there abowts, beinge a black shipp. *^ Beinge demanded what voyadges he hathe made with the same shippe & what voyadges he intended to make saythe, that he haythe made none yet, but in August last intendinge a voyadge for Gynney he rigged and trimmed the said shipp at Newcastell uppon Tyne. And in December last he sett furtlie from thence to the sea with the same shipp havinge then aborde abowte 86 men, whereof he had not as he saythe above 4 gen- tlemen, viz. : John Baxter, George Norton, William '•' This description of Frobisher is additional proof of his early •connection with Altofts, that phice being in the parish of Normanton, as has been already pointed out. OUTFIT FOR THE VOYAGE, 9$ Kinge, nowe deceased and Tliomas Yonger and the rest mariners. '^Beinge demanded for liowc longe tjme lie liad vic- tual! s Seithe for a monetlie and no more for that he minded to be victualled in the west contrey for the said voyadge or els to gyve over the same. *^ And as for merchandizes he had none as he saythe. But intended to have had sum Linnen clothe Wex Karseys and other thinges necessary for that voyadga in the west c entry. ^' He seythe he had in mony with him of his owne abowte fifty pounds and one Mr. George Claxton of the- Bishopprick of Dyrham, gent._, had promised for that voyadge the adventure of two hundrethe poundes, whereof this examinant receyvid at ^ewecastell one hundrethe in mony after his departure and the other he promised shuld be delivered unto him in the west contry. " Beinge examined howe many other gentilmen were appoyntid to gee with him in that voyadge saythe that the said Claxton one Eobert Laxton and Raflfe Hasylbj- and noe more of his knowledge. " And these three personnes he commanded by hi& Letters to one Richard Erisye of Cornewall and willed them to tary abowte Plimowthe (Plymouth) for his arryval. '' Beinge asked what munition or ordinannce he had abord his shipp at his settinge furthe sayethe that he had one Saker 2 quarter slings six bases^ and 2 faw- "94 SIB MARTIN FEOBTSHEN. kens, 20 corseletts, tenne Jackes, tenne bowes, tenne Curry ers and 2 or 3 dosen of pykes.^ '^ And further seitlie tliat after tliey entrid tlie seas they saylid noe further then Hull, by reason of greate tempest and contrary wynde Vv4iyche happenid the Sunday after Christenmas day last past by occasion whereof he spent all his mastes and sayles and thereby was dryven to arryve at Scarborowghe where he abode by the space of 3 monethes for the furnishinge of the said shipp agayne for the said voyadge. *^ And becawsehe sawe his evill luck and lacked money to furnishe his said voyadge in such sorte as was requisit he left of the same, and minded either to sell the said shipp or els to make sume shorter voyadge therewith. "And at Scardborowghe one Mr. Edward Rye, a servant of the Lord Darcy of the North came to this •examinant and lent him fifty pounds but the said Rye ment not to goe on the said voyadge toward Gynnye, but wold have gon into Fraunce in the said shipp if she had gon thether to see the country. And saythe that one Ogdon a servinge man,- came in com- pany withe the said Rye. "And from Scarborowghe this examinant was sent for, by the Lorde Archebishopp of Yorke, under whose * Saker and falcon were species of artillery. Dampier, in his Voyages, 1688, writes, " Of guns the long .saAer is most esteemed." The falcon carried a ball of a pound and a-half, and measured -two inches in the bore. Corslets and jacks were leathern coats ; we still speak of " jack-boots." HIS VESSEL SEIZED, 95 cliardge lie continewed untill lie presented liim self to the Lords of tlie privey consayle. " Beinge asked wliat suertyes lie put in for his good behaviour and his cumpany in the said shipp before the same passed to the seas^ saythe that he, John Baxter, and the said Claxton were bounde in the summe of twelve hundrethe pounds to the effect aforesaid before Mr. Thwinge and Mr. Standeven, Viceadmiralls at Yorcke. '' Beinge examined whether he knowethe or hard say that his said shipp was arrested at Scarborowghe at the sute of one Kinge, saythe that sithence his •cumminge therehens he herd say that the said shipp was arrested by vertue of proces that came owte of thadmiralty at the said parte, but liowe or when she w^ent therehens he knowethe not, for that he herd nothinge from his brother John Furbisher whome he left there his deputy. Howe be yt he herd say that she departed from thence abowte the 6th or 7th of this present monethe. And as for letters or other messengers he receved none from his brother or from the said shipp sithence he came hether to London. " And seythe he was not privey of her departinge from Scarborowe to the West parties for he had geven order that she shold have gon to Newecastell for coles and from thence to E-ochell for salt. '' And he saithe he never herd of eny spoyle or other thinge don by the said shipp after her departure from Scarborowe nor eny tidings of her untill Walter Darby 96 SIR MARTIN FROBISHER. came to London uppon Sonday last from tlie said sHpp and told him that she was gon westward^ wher- uppon he made motion to my Lords grace of Yorck, declaringe that the sayd Darby was cumme from the said shipp and that she was gon westward withowte her ladinge of coles that he might have commission to goe or send westward for the stay of the same for that he knewe not in what order she was gon. "Maetyn Feobishee." ^^ On THE 11th day oe June, 1566. '^The foresaid Martyn Frobisher farder examined this day before the said Mr. Lewes what ordennance and munition his seid shipp had or was appointed to have^ at eny place — " Seithe, '' That at his departure and cumminge from her at Scardboroughe she had one saker of iron, 2 fawkenetts of iron, one fowler, 2 small slings, and 6 single brases and more she had not. " He seithe, that he had the 2 fawkenetts and 2 small slings of John Bennett of Newe castle. Master of the Queues Majesties ordenance, for the which he pa^^cd to him as he nowe remembrethe 8?. ^^ The residewe of thordenance he bought with the said ship. "He seiihe that he should have had 2 peeces of Brasse of the said Bennett, so as he could have putt him in band for the sure delivery of them agayne, which at that prcsente he was not able to doe. DARBY EXAMINED. 97 '^ And other ordenance or munition lie liad not of the said Bennett nor made eny covenants or bargayne withe him for eny more. *' Beinge examined whether he herd enythinge of his foresaid shipp since his last examination he seithe that he hathe not understoode enythinge of her. "Martin Frobishee." A few days previous to this_, Dr. Lewes had been engaged in examining "Walter Darby^ another of the crew. He is described as of Barnard^s Inn^ gentle- man. Darby said he had been acquainted with Martin ^^ Furbiger '^ ever since his brother and he were in trouble at the suit of Mr. Appleyard, about two years before. Martin had proposed to him, about Easter, 1565_, that he should go on a voyage to Guinea,, the ship called ^^Mary Flower'^ having been just pur- chased. Early in September, he rode down into the North with Sir Henry Percy,* knight, John " Fur- beger,^^ who was then Sir Henry^s man, and a son of Sir Anthony Cooks. He found the Mary Flower not yet properly fitted out, so he spent the remainder of the year about the towns of Tynemouth and New- castle. About eight days after Christmas he em- barked, having for his companions "Marten Furboger,^' John Baxter, one Longer, Waisher, Sprent, Kinge, Norton, Sydenham, Kogers, and one Todder, alias * The brother of the Earl of Northumberland, a leader, as we saw in the last chapter, of the Northern Rebellion. Henry stood loyal to his Queen, and in 1576 was summoned to Parlia- ment, in succession to his brother, as Earl. 98 SIR MA RTIN FROBISHEB. Trowblefield, and so went to tlie seas^ purposing to have gone to the West Countries. From Darby^s nar- rative we get additional particulars of tlie first voyage of this ill-fated ship. When they left Scarborough they were victualled for a month_, having with them three tons of biscuit and a hogshead of beef, besides butter_, cheese^ and fish. From Scarborough they went to Burlington Eoad^ "a kenne or a half^^ from Scar- boroughj and stayed there a day and a half. At Bur- lington they landed John "Furbiger^^ to go to a friend named " Mr. Boynton/^* from whom he obtained fresh victuals. John returned the following afternoon with a sheep_, capons_, and bread. Yarmouth was their next port_, which contrary winds hindered them fi'om reach- ing in less than a week. Here they stopped four days. The ^' Mr.^^ went on land_, and was immediately apprehended by the bailiffs of Yarmouth^ and threatened with imprisonment for having " spoyled twoo island shipps of theire victualls.'^ This charge having been with some difiiculty rebutted^ the Captain regained his liberty. They reached the North Foreland on the 14th of May. Darby denied having boarded any ship * William Frobisher, son of Francis, of Doncaster, and therefore John's cousin, married Margaret, daughter of Matthew Boynton, of Barmston, Esq. Barmston is some 6 or 7 miles from Burlington, and was -no doubt the place of John's visit. The connection between the two families was still further strengthened by the marriage of Sir Thomas Boynton, knt., with Frances, daughter of Francis Frobisher. Francis Boynton, of Barmston, one of the issue of this last marriage, was named an executor of Martin's will. IN WANT OF MONEY. 99 during tlieir cruise^ and taken from it any ancliors, cables^ kerseys^ or otlier clotlis^ of wliicli act lie was -accused^ but said lie liad heard tliat a " trill blacke shippe muclie like to tlieirs being a Scottislieman '' did board a Flemisli boat at the mouth of the Thames before Margate^ and did take various wares from her. But little is known of ^robisher^s doings for some time after the risk he ran of being convicted as a pirate. There is small reason to doubt that he ob- tained public employment in a sea-faring capacity. On the 22nd of May^ 1569_, he signed a bond for the payment of £13 8s. 7d. to Eichard Bramley,, citizen and butcher, of London_, and the following letter, bearing- no date, which is addressed to this same Bramley, very- likely belongs to the same period : — ^^ Mr. Bramle, — My harte comendasyons I pra you hellpe me with 40s. till I retorne apon Satarda and then you salle have it agane upon my word. I have stade all thes mornynge for money of Mr. . . man, and I cannot spe till Saturda. I pray you doe not thenke muche of my boldenes for I wolle aquyte all youre frendsepe. — Youre asured frend, " Martin Feobyshee.^^ Attached to this paper are two others, on the first 'Of which is written : — ^' Summe of Mr. Furbesher^s reckonninge is sence the bill of his liande was made is £15 8s. lid.''^ And on the second : — " I wolle se thes pade. ^Iaetin Feobysher.'' 100 SIR MARTIN FROBISHER. In 1571 we have positive evidence tliat Frobislier is engag-ed in tlie Queen^s service. On August 28tli in tliat year,, one Captain Edward Horsey wrote from tlie Isle of Wiglit to Lord Burgliley, and stated^, among other things, that he had expedited the fitting out of the hulk for Martin Frobisher, and a few days later another correspondent of Burghley^s alluded to a number of mariners at Portsmouth, in Frobisher^s service. The particular object of this expedition does not appear. Frobisher was back again in England in the follow- ing year, and on the 4th of December he was sum- moned to appear before certain Commissioners to ex- plain his connection wath some proceedings of the Earl of Desmond, an Anglo-Irish nobleman, who had just been imprisoned in the Tower. Frobisher^s explana- tion, signed by himself, is still preserved. He told the Commissioners that Ealph Whaley, servant to the said Earl, went to him, '^ Martyn Furbusher,^^ at his lodgings in Lambeth, about ^^ Bartilmewetide " last past, and told him that he had a great secret matter that he would utter unto him, if Frobisher would not disclose it. This assurance being given, Whaley went on to say that the Earl of Desmond had recommended him to come to Frobisher to see if he would lend his help in conveying the Earl privately out of England. An ample recompense was promised for the risk. For about a fortnight AYlialey passed to and fro between the Earl and Frobisher, and divers plans were sug- THE EARL OF DESMOND. 101 gested. When Frobislier asked wliat amount of money would be forthcoming for the purchase of a ship^ it was replied to him that the Earl would never be at a loss for a thousand pounds. At last came a suggestion from Desmond that an oyster-boat should be taken to convey him down the Thames ; in that way he hoped to pass the Queen's ship at Gravesend without being challenged. The Earl would rather have taken the high road into Kent_, had he not been a bad horse- man, and unable to mount without assistance ; besides, he feared that some of Sir Warham St. Leger's men might meet and recognize him. Frobisher fell in with this plan_, and was straightway commissioned to provide a bark for the purpose. He undertook this, but, ac- cording to his own account, had no intention of assist- ing them in any way — to use his OAvn words, *^ for that they should think I would procure the same I went into Kent, and so returned back again to London, an- swering Whaley that I had provided a bark." The negotiations went on, and the reward offered to Fro- bisher and Whaley, in case of the EarPs getting away in safety, was a ship worth five hundred pounds, and the Earl's Island of Valencia. Some five or six weeks passed, and matters being no further advanced, Fro- bisher told Whaley that he could wait no longer, as he was sadly in want of funds. ^Tialey assured him that there would be no lack of money soon, but in the meantime the ship must be got ready. The delay was still continued, and Frobisher then declared his belief 102 SIR MARTIN FROBISHEB. tliat the Earl was playing fast and loose with him, and intended to go away by some other means, which Whalcy stontly denied : '^ And thus/^ adds onr hero, ^^ they have continued all this time with divers talks and devices/^ An end was put to all by the appre- hension of the Earl of Desmond and AVlialey. Nothing appears in this declaration to show that Frobisher was in communication with the Government during the progress of these negotiations, but it would be difficult to believe that his promise of* secrecy to WTialey had not been at once broken. He could hardly otherwise have come out of the transaction with such perfect impunity. Our hero is next heard of in the year 1574, lodging in the house of one Brown in Fleet Street. He was then anxious to start upon a voyage for the discovery of Cathay, but lacked means for the undertaking. How- ever, the services he had already performed for the State seem to have been of some account, as he had secured the good offices of Lord Treasurer Burghley, and others of the Council. Armed with letters from these high dignitaries, he presented himself to the Muscovy Company, and besought their aid in the matter. This was at first refused. Just after this Michael Lok, a mercer in London (as he himself tells the story), renewed his old acquaintance with Martin Frobisher, and, ^^ finding him expert, fit, and ready to execute so great attempts, he joined with him/^ He treated him as his fellow and friend, opened all his- PARTNERSHIP WITH LOK. 103 own private studies, and tlie fruits of twenty years^ labour to liim_, and showed him all his books^ charts^ maps_, and instruments. Lok adds^ '^ My house was his house_, and my purse his purse at his need ; and my credit was his credit to my power when he was utterly destitute^ both of money, credit^ and friends/' Frobisher left Fleet Street, and took up his abode at " Widow Hancock's house in Mark LanOj'' so as to be nearer Lok. This last-named person, it appears, had some influence with the Muscovy Company, and tho second application of Frobisher met with better success. In February, 1575, the Company granted a licence to Lok^ Frobisher, and such others as would be adventurers. It was upwards of a year, however, before sufficient confidence in the scheme was gene- rated to induce speculators to aid with their money. Indeed, in the end Lok had to provide more than half the cost of the outfit, which amounted to 1,600L In later years, when Lok and Frobisher were not only estranged, but when the ruin of one and the disappoint- ment of both had made them enemies, Lok asserted that this want of confidence was owing to the little credit Frobisher had at home, and that it was entirely by Lok's efforts and recommendations that his asso- ciate got the command of the expedition. For the first enterprise two barks and a pinnace were furnished ; the two barks, of 25 tons each, being the Gabriel, Christopher Hall, master; and the Michael, Owen Griffin, master. Martin Frobisher was described 104 SIR MARTIN FROBISHER. as captain and pilot of the expedition. There were in all 34 persons, and they sailed from Gravesend on the 12th June, 1576. A great storm arose soon after they got to sea, in which they lost sight of their pinnace with three men, ^'' which they could never since hear of.^' After about a month the Michael was separated from its companion, and came to Labra- dor, ^'^but found it so encompassed with monstrous high islands of ice that they durst not approach /^ so they sailed homeward, and reached London on the 1st September. The Gabriel continued its course, and various dangers to it were averted by the valiant courage of the captain, as the chronicle tells us. The straits which now bear Frobisher^s name were dis- covered; also an island upon which the captain and six of his men landed and found seven strange boats. The people who inhabited this island, one of whom came on board the ship, and ^' made great wondering at all things," showed such inclination to fierceness and rapine, that the captain, unprepared for defence, made haste to depart to a neighbouring island. Five of the mariners, anxious to have traffic with the natives, rowed out of sight of the ship, and were not again heard of. The ship remained a day and a night at anchor in the hope that they would re-appear, and at the end of that time a number of boats and men of the country came towards it. Signs of friendship were exchanged, and small presents were given from the ship's side to one of the strangers, whose boat and BETURNS FROM THE FIRST VOYAGE. 105 himself tlie crew tried to detain b}^ a boat-liook. The capture of this native was at last effected by Frobisher himself, who suddenly seized him as he was receiving the present of a bell, and dragged him on board by main force. At this his companions departed in great haste, howling like wolves. Their prisoner is described as having a broad face, and being very fat and full in the body ; legs short and small, and out of proportion ; long, hanging, coal-black hair, tied above his fore- head ; little eyes and a little black beard ; skin of a dark sallow, much like the tawny Moors ; countenance sullen or churlish, but sharp. Frobisher, previous to this adventure, was oppressed with sorrow lest he should have to return home without an evidence or token of any place where he had been ; but, being now possessed of an undoubted curiosity, he had regard to the weak state of his crew, now reduced to thirteen men and boys, and so set sail for England. They arrived at London on the 9th October, and we read that " they were joyfully received with the great admiration of the people, bringing with them their strange man and his boat, which was such a wonder unto the whole city and to the rest of the realm that heard of it, as seemed never to have happened the like great matter to any man's knowledge.^' Immediately after Frobisher^s return. Commissioners were appointed to examine him concerning the passage to Cathay, before whom he vouched, according to one account, absolutely, with vehement words, speeches and lOG SIR MARTIN FROBISHER. oatliSj that lie liad discovered the straits to Cathay^ and found good harbours for all the Queen's navy. By one of his party a black stone had been found " as great as a half-penny loaf/'' This stone was given to Lok on their return_, tested by '^ divers men of art/' and declared to be a mineral ore of a gold mine. There was great marvel at this_, and Commissioners were appointed for setting out a second voyage. Frobisher affirmed '' with great speeches and oaths '' that there w^as enough ore to be had where he had been to lade all the Queen's ships^ and he promised to fill all the ships of the second voyage with it. About this time Frobisher petitioned the Queen that in respect of his late discoveries in the North-west, and his great charges, letters patent might be granted to him, and his heirs for ever, appointing him High Admiral of those seas already or hereafter to be dis- covered by him, with government by land of all people in those discovered parts ; also five per cent, upon the clear gain of everything brought from such lands, and one per cent, to his heirs for ever ; also, to make free of this voyage six persons yearly, and to receive one ton freight of every hundred tons brought from thence. The answer to this was a grant from her Majesty to the ^^ Company of Cathay." In this grant, Michael Lok, of London, mercer, is named Governor for life, in consideration " of his industry, good direction, and great travail " in Frobisher's first voyage ; and Martin is appointed Admiral of all new discoveries for life for A SECOND EXFEDITIOK. lOr '^ his industry^ good order^ and great travail '^ in liis late voyage ; and for liis good service lie is to have one per cent, for ever upon all goods exported. At a council held at Westminster in March, 1577, a letter was written to the Lord President in the North, stating that " last year a voyage was taken in hand by Master Furbussher for the discovery of some parts of the world unknown, where there is great likelihood that the continuance thereof will be beneficial to the whole realm, and particularly to such as are venturous in the same ; and for that some encouragement might be given for the following thereof, her Majesty is pleased to contribute largely towards such charges as are now to be employed ; their Lordships think good to desire that seeing, by the success of the last year, such hope hath been conceived of the profits of that voyage, as both her Majesty and their Lordships have entered into some charges, and could wish that others would do the like, &c. : the Lord President would signify to the inhabitants thereabouts, to the merchants of York, Newcastle, Hull, and other places under his jurisdiction, who shall be willing to contribute. ^^ There was no lack of adventurers for the second voyage. The Commissioners had reported to the Queen that the matter was one well worthy of encouragement. Subscriptions rapidly flowed in. The Queen herself advanced 1,000/. ; the Lord Treasurer, the Lord Admiral and other prominent men also lent their aid. The hope of finding gold was doubt- 108 SIR MARTIN FROBISHER. less of considerable effect in swelling tlie list of speculators. Frobislier set sail a second time on tlie 26tli of May^ 1577. On tlie same day Lok memorialised tlie Queen for recompense and help in tlie great matter in wliicli lie was engaged. He stated lie liad been at great ex- pense during the two years Frobisher had been in London_, who '^ eat the most of his meat at my table freely and gladly." Ten convicts^ out of various prisons^ were taken by Frobisher on this second voyage^ probably with the intention of making them work the mines of gold ore which were expected to be found. Lok afterwards declared that not one of them actually went to voyage, but that they were set at liberty by Frobisher " for friendship and money.'" And now comes the most mysterious part of this story. Just after the departure of our hero^ one Isabel Frobisher, " the most miserable poor woman in the world/' presents a petition to Secretary Walsingham. She asserts that she was formerly the wife of Thomas Riggatj of Snaith, co. York, a very wealthy man, who left her in very good state, and with good portions to all her children ; but she afterwards took to husband Mr. Captain Frobisher ("whom God forgive''^), who has spent all, and put them to the wide world to sliift ; and she adds that the children of her first husband are with her in a poor room at Hampstead ready to starve. She prays that one Kemp may be ordered to pay 4^. SAILS AGAIN. 109 dae to her husband_,and for otlier relief until Frobisher's return^ to keep them from famishing. We are unable to state the result of this appeal. There can be no doubt that Martin Frobisher was the man here presented in so unfavourable a light ; though no other record of this woman seems to be in existence. That Frobisher had a wife at a later period of his ex- istence is well known_, but her name was Dorothy^ and many particulars can be given concerning her_, which^ apart from the difference in name^ point to another person than is indicated in this petition. We must be content for the present to leave the matter as it stands. The instructions given to Frobisher on his second voyage directed,, among other things, that he should enter, as Captain- General, into the charge and govern- ment of three vessels — namely, the Aid, the Gabriel, and the Michael — with all that appertained to them, and that he should appoint, for the fitting out of these vessels, one hundred and twenty persons, of whom ninety should be mariners, gunners, carpenters, and other necessary men to serve for the use of the ships, and the other thirty to be miners, refiners, and mer- chants j this number he was in no way to exceed. The Aid was a ship of some 180 tons, and was lent by the Queen herself ; the Gabriel and the Michael were about 30 tons each, commanded respectively by Masters Fenton and Gabriel Yorke. On taking leave Frobisher had the honour of kissing her Majesty^s hand, **" who 110 SIR MARTIN FR0BI8HER. dismissed him with gracious countenance and comfort- able words.-" They sailed,, as has been already stated, at the end •of May, 1577. Approaching Friesland, they were hampered with drift ice and large ice-bergs, some of which are declared to have been seventy or eighty fathoms under water, and more than half a mile in circuit. They entered the strait of the previous year's discovery round Hall's Island. Frobisher took the gold-finders with him near the spot where the black- stone had been found, but the whole island did not furnish ^' a piece as big as a walnut." Two savages made their appearance, whom some of the Englishmen tried to seize, but they got away from them, and making use of their bows and arrows, " fiercely, desperately, and with such fury, assaulted our General and his men, that they chased them to the boats, and hurt the General behind with an arrow." Proceeding up the strait, they landed on a small island on the southern shore, and ^' here all the sands and cliffs did so glister, that it seemed all to be gold, but upon trial made, it proved no better than black-lead, and verified the proverb, ' All is not gold that glistereth."' On another small island they found a mine of silver, and four sorts of ore, ^' to hold gold in good quantity." They also found and brought home the horn of an unicorn fish, which was afterwards sent to Windsor, -and preserved as a jewel in the Queen's wardrobe. In GROWS VIOLENT. Ill York Sound they liad a skirmish with the natives, and slew five or six of them. Two women they took prisoners, ^^ whereof the one being ugly, our men thought she had been a devil or some witch, and therefore let her go." The season being now far advanced, they set to work to fill their ships with the ore, and in about twenty days got on board their ships about 200 tons. They set sail for England on the 22nd of August. Another account of the second voyage is ^Dreserved, evidently been dra^vn up by no friend to Frobisher, which records many instances of Frobisher^s violent temper. This account speaks first of the great hazard, uncertainty, and charge of this voyage " attempted by this bold captain.^^ The chief conduct was committed to him by the Queen^s patent, and Commissioners were assigned to see him furnished and dispatched. He would needs have had three tall ships and two barks ; he vented ^''no small raging and outrageous speaking " before his departure ; he would have all authority in his hands alone. Because he could not be furnished to his will, ^' he flung out of the doors, and swore by God^s wounds that he would hip my masters the ven- turers for it, at which words Captain Fenton plucked him secretly, and willed him to be modest.^^ He returned to Milford Haven on the 20th Sept., 1577, laden with rich ore, worth 601. or 80/. a ton, as he afiirmed with great oaths (which, as Michael Lok temperately remarks, ^^is not yet so found ^''), ^^and 112 SIR MABTIN FBOBISHER. sucli plenty of precious stoiies_, diamonds^ and rubies as he had discovered. No small joy was had of his arrival_, and no small increase of his reputation^ so as now 12 or 20 men were too few to follow his horse upon this return." In October, 1577, the Privy Council directed the officers of the Mint to receive into the Tower certain ore brought out of the North-west parts by Martin Frobisher, by weight, which from time to time was to be melted down, as directed by the Commissioners appointed to overlook the operation. A month later Lok reported that the ore was not yet brought to per- fection, the three workmasters being jealous of each other, and loath to show their coining ; but, he adds, the ore is very rich, and will yield better than 40Z. a ton, clear of charges. These three workmasters after- wards gave totally different opinions of the value of the ore ; one engaged that two tons would yield 20 ounces of fine gold, another certified that " he has proved it to the uttermost, and finds not such great riches as is here spoken and reported of." The third declared that he found neither gold nor silver, or next to none. But whatever reports were spread of the bad success of this second venture, they must have been quickly suppressed, or little trusted. Officers of State, Lords as well as Commoners, sought to be sharers in another venture, and before the truth could be fully ascertained of the value or worthlessness of the ore, the necessary expenses for a third and more costly expedition than A THIRD EXPEDITION. 113 tlie two preceding were quickly promised. The Queen, *^ understandinsr tliat tlie ricliness of that earth is like to fall out to a good reckoning, is well pleased that a third voyage be taken in hand/'' gave instructions to *^ our loving friend Martin Frobisher for the order to be observed in the voyage.-'^ It was proposed to send ships for 5,000 tons weight of ore, and the charges thereof were calculated, besides the maintenance of 100 men in the country eighteen months. Wlien directions were given by the Privy Council in March, 1578, to proceed with a third voyage, Lok declares that Fro- bisher " grew into such a monstrous mind that a whole kingdom could not contain it, but already, by dis- covery of a new world, he was become another Columbus. •'' Eleven vessels were fitted for this ex- pedition; they sailed for Harwich on the 31st of May, 1578, the Queen, herself a large adventurer, watching their departure, and^ it is said, wishing them success. Articles and orders to be observed by the fleet were set down by " Captain Frobisher, general,^* and de- livered in writing to every captain. Some were to banish swearing, dice, cards, and playing, and to serve God twice a day. If the accounts of Frobisher^s enemies are to be believed — and, unfortunately, no others are preserved — he did not set a very good example in his own person of the rules he thus laid down. Many complaints were afterwards made of his disor- derly dealings, his forcible language, his arrogant and obstinate government at sea ; and he is described as 114 SIR MARTIN FJROBISHER. fall of lying talk and impudent of tongue. It does not appear tliat lie was at tlie pains at any time to defend himself fi-om these attacks ; indeed^ it is easy to imagine that a man of his hardy and impetuous nature would ignore them altogether. There can be little doubt that his temper became soured from disappointment on this last voyage ; and it must be admitted that the command of a ship is a difficult position in which to cultivate the Christian virtues of fortitude and forbearance. The fleet reached Friesland on the 20th of June, without anything happening worthy of note, except that the Salamander (one of the squadron) struck on a great whale with her full stem with such a blow that the ship stood still. '^ The whale thereat made a great and hideous noise, and casting up his body and tail, presently sank under water.^^ On attempting to enter Frobisher's Strait, they found it barred up mth mountains of ice, and the bark Dennis received such a blow that she went down. The loss was doubly unfortunate, in that this particular vessel had on board the houses and furniture for the settlers ; and thus one plan of the expedition was frustrated. Other disasters quickly followed. A storm dispersed the whole fleet ; some vessels were swept into the straits, some out to sea ; and when they got together again, they were so bewildered by the snow and mist, and so driven about by tides and currents, that the pilots hardly knew where they were. The greater part of the fleet followed Frobisher to the niSASTEOUS ENDING. 115 nortli-west coast of Greenland. Captain Best^ of the Ann Francis^ one of the missing ships, discovered a great black island, in which such plenty of ore was found, ^^ as would reasonably suffice all the gold gluttons of the world/'' To this black island, for good luck^s sake, the captain gave the name of Best^s Blessing. The end of the summer was now approaching, and a council of the captains being held, it was decided, for a variety of good reasons, that each captain and owner should look to the lading of his o^^ti ship, and that by a certain day they should set sail for England. After a stormy passage, in which the fleet suffered much distress, they arrived at different parts of Eng- land about the middle of October, with the loss by death of forty persons.* * Thomas Cburcliyarde, gent., celebrated this third voyage in some verses which he styled "A welcome-home to Master Martin Frobusher, and all those Gentlemen and Soldiers that have been with him this last journey in the country called Mela Incognita." They will be found entire in Nicholis' Pro- (jresses of Queen Ulizabeth, Yol. II., pp. 233-4. A few extracts will suffice us here — " Five hundred times most welcome home, my friends that far have been. When thousands thought that all was lost, your fleet came safely in ; To glad their hearts that long bewailed your toil and hazard great : O give me leave, in English verse, a while on this to treat ; That doth deserve such world's renown, and come to such good end. As forceth friends to favour much, and foes may well commend. You slothful snails, that creep not far, and love your shells so well, And you col 1 crusts, that have small crumbs, in cottage poor that dwell. Now will you blush, or bend the brow, to see how travellers thrive ; JS'ay, now you ought go help yourselves, and rather seek to strive Against ill-hap, that holds you here, when others work for wealth. And trudge abroad, to lengthen life and nourish wished health. 116 SIR MAUTIN FBOBISHER. Frobislier seems to have liad a quarrel with his okT partner shortly after his return, for we hear of his openly abusing Lok_, calling him ^^ a false accountant to the Company, a cozener of my Lord of Oxford, no venturer at all in the voyages, a bankrupt knave,^^ and,, as Lok himself says, he raged like a mad beast. On one occasion Frobisher entered Lok^s house with a retinue of some forty meu, and made like charges against him. This seems very hard and ungrateful treatment cf poor Lok, who had risked about 6,0007. in these adventures without the least return. The real value of the ore brought home by Frobisher never seems to have been correctly ascertained for some years,, though the Queen, and those interested in the result But addle-heads, and idle brains, and babbling tongues, I trow. Had rather sit in smoky honse (or on the dunghill crow Like craven cocks), than go abroad where fortune may be found. And search -where gold and treasure lies in bowels of the ground. If each man were alike in AveaUh, as rogues and beggars are. And none had skill, nor great foresight, for country's c?,use to care, Adieu, good rule and riches too, and farewell virtue's praise ; But God be thanked, that we are born to live in happier days. When wits will work for wealth's avail, and sundry lide and run ; Yea, hoist up sail, and go themselves as far as shines the sun. Through thick and thin, and fear no foil, as though to their good minds- The gods had made the land and seas, the skies, the air, and winds, To follow that they have devised that take these toils in hand. Frobusher ! thy bruit and name shall be enrolled in books, That whosoever after comes, and on thy labour looks. Shall muse and marrel at thine acts, and greatness of thy mind. 1 say no more, lest some affirm I fan thy face with wind, I flatter for affection's sake ; well, God shall witness be, lu this thy praise (and other books) I speak but right of thee. A book I made at thy Farewell, in prose ^where'er it is). Another for thy welcome-home thou shalt have after this, If this mislike thee any whit. So here, mine own good friend. I bill thee welcome once again, and therewith make an end. LOK RUINED. 117 ^jf the ^' proofs/^ must have beeu fully coiiviuced that to expect a large amount of gold from the ^ore would be a delusion. All doubts were finally set at rest by two assays made in July, 1583. The two minute par- ticles of silver found in 2 cwt. of " Frobisher's ore ^' were not nearly so big as a pin^s head, and they remain to this day fastened by sealing wax to the report — an evidence of the w^orthlessness of the ore. As a last effort to regain some portion of his losses, Lok petitioned the Council, and besought their con- sideration, having, as he said, for three years past taken charge of all the businesses of Frobisher^s voyages, jmd paid 6,250L, " whereby himself, his wife, and 15 children are left to beg their bread hence- forth, unless God turn the stones at Dartford (whither the ore had been taken) into his bread again/' The total amount allowed by Lord Burghley for Lok^s three years^ service and expenses was 430L ; he demanded 1,200L We are sorry to add that the last we hear of this early patron of Frobisher is as a peti- tioner from the Fleet Prison. He was condemned at the suit of one WilHam Borough to pay 200Z. for a ship bought of him for Frobisher' s last voyage, but, he adds, it is not his debt. He complains that he has sustained great troubles, many imprisonments, and extreme losses to his utter undoing ; and he prays for his release, for the cancelling of his bond for 4,000?. for the Queen's adventure, and for a warrant of protec- tion from further trouble for debts owing by the Com- 118 SIR MARTIN FROBISHER. pany of Catlia y. There is evidence of liis having been six months in prison for the debts of the adventurers. Numerous documents are still preserved_, which show that a fourth voyage was contemplated by Frobisher. A large sum of money was subscribed, and instructions were drawn out in February, 1582, for Frobisher to be captain-general of the e-xpedition. For some unassigned cause, one Edward Fenton was suddenly appointed in the place of Frobisher. These instructions stated that this voyage should be undertaken rather for the pur- pose of trade than the discovery of the North-west Passage. This latter was Frobisher's darling project, and there is every reason to believe that, when he found himself so fettered by these instructions, he threw up the command. At any rate, it is certain that he did not go on the voyage. * For two or three years we hear little or nothing of our hero ; we may assume, however, that the Queen, with whom Frobisher appears to have been a great favourite, in spite of the ill-luck which attended her money investments with him, gave him employment in her navy. We should not otherwise find him appointed, in the year 1585, as Yice- Admiral of a fleet fitted out to annoy the King, of Spain in the West Indies. This * Most of the materials for the preceding account of events connected with Frobisher's three voyages have been gathered from the second volume of Mr. W. Noel Sainsbnry's calendar of Colonial State Papers. Mr. Sainsbury has given the writer kind aid in other matters relating to the subject. Barrow's " Naval Worthies of Elizabeth " has also proved of service. SERVICES AGAINST THE ARMADA. 119 miglity monarch liad taken the first step towards a declaration of war with England, by laying an em- bargo upon all the English ships_, goods, and seamen found in his ports. The fleet consisted of twenty-one ships and pinnaces. But little account is preserved of their doings. They captured a few cities and towns, and restored them to Spain on payment of a certain ransom, and were thus enabled to bring home sub- stantial testimony of their service. The booty they secured consisted of some 60,OOOZ. in money, and 240 pieces of brass and iron cannon. In the year 1588, the formidable fleet of the King of Spaiu, known to us all as bearing the proud title of the Invincible Armada, appeared in the English Channel. To Frobisher was committed the important post of Vice- Admiral, in command of a squadron of the fleet fitted out to grapple the enemy. The Lord High Admiral, writing to the Queen, speaks of him as '' one of those whom the world doth judge to be men of the greatest experience that this realm hath.-" An attack was made upon the rear division of the Span- iards on the first day they appeared ofi* Plymouth, in which Drake, Hawkins, and Frobisher played so stout a part, that many of the ships opposed to them were completely shattered. The final overthrow, and almost utter annihilation, of the Armada, are such well-known events in history, that no space need be taken up here in detailing them. For his great services in the matter, Frobisher re- 120 SIB MARTIN FROBISHER. ceived tlic lionour of kniglitliood at tlie hands of tlie Lord High Admiral. Shortly afterwards mention is made of an occurrence which shows the new-made knight to be still liable to occasional outbursts ; for in August, 1588, a complaint is lodged against him for certain unbecoming words spoken against Sir Francis Drake, whom he called a cowardly knave and traitor, and accused of merely remaining by one Spanish vessel in order to plunder her ; he vowed, too, that he would make Drake eat his own words, or he would have his best blood. While the other commanders went in pursuit of the remnants of the Spanish fleet. Sir Martin remained on board the Triumph to watch the narrow seas. Several letters of his, showing the vigilance with which he carried out his instructions, are still in existence. Two of them are selected for insertion here, as curiosities for their style and orthography, rather than as having much importance : — Sir Martin Frobisher to the Lord Admiral. " My Honorabelle good Lord, " In sendenge the monne (money) ton ostedynde (Ostend) she hathe taken a Lonnedragare (L^homme de guerre ?) & a spanyare in her, bound for Don- kerke, and the spanyarde caste ouare borde tou paketes of Letares, & as he say the, beye ordare from thos that delevrede them tou hem : as sonne as I can ex- samene theme I wolle send youre honare all ther r 1 \ n 4.. Mit|4||l Bt. 4 I n.KV^ 1 ^ KH^I^^^'^^^^^li^^ ^ IN THE jDO/riY^'. 121 'Cxsamenasiones, for thate tlies Letares of my Lord Tresarares requirede grete haste I coullde liave no .time,, beynge neyghte. Doanes (The Downs) thes G of maye, at 8 acloke at nyghte^ 1589. '' Youre honares moste hombleye, ^'' Martin Feobiser. ^' To the reyghte honorabelle the Lord Admeralle of Ligland : gev this. " Shee is ladenede with ches, & nate elles (nothiDg else), & your honar shalle knoue as sone as I can undarestande it.^^* The Same to the Same. " My Honnorable good Lord^ . "" I have sent your honnor the pase of this hoye hearein closed^ and with all a letare wher in your honnor may se all her Ladinge^ that she was dericktly bound for Dunkert, with this don John Detoledo. '''The marchant that is onnor of these goods ys called Hanse Vandeveck, dwellinge in Hamserdam. ^''I have also examined this Spaniord: he confeses,, as I advertised your honnor, that he was taken with don Deage de Pemnentelo, and that his name ys don John DetoledOj and that this marchant Hanse Yandeveck did get him Eelesed for a mariner of Roterdam that was Presoner in Donkert. I have allso sent your * Dom. Eliz., Vol. CCXXIV. IN THE D01VN^\ 121 'exsamenasiones, for tliate tlies Letares of my Lord Tresarares requirede grete haste I coullde have no .time,, beynge neyghte. Dounes (The Downs) thes G of may e, at 8 acloke at nyghte^ 1589. ^' Youre honares moste hombleye, ^' Martin Frobiser. ^' To the reyghte honorabelle the Lord Admeralle of Ligland : gev this. " Shee is ladenede with ches, & nate elles (nothing else), & your honar shalle knoue as sone as I can undarestande it.^'* The Same to the Same. " My Honnorable good Lord^ . '' I have sent your honnor the pase of this hoye hearein closed, and wdth all a letare wher in your honnor may se all her Ladinge, that she was dericktly bound for Dunkert, with this don John Detoledo. *^The marchant that is onnor of these goods ys called Hanse Vandeveck, dwellinge in Hamserdam. ^'1 have also examined this Spaniord: he confeses, as I advertised your honnor, that he was taken with don Deage de Pemnentelo, and that his name ys don John Detoledo, and that this marchant Hanse Yandeveck did get him Relesed for a mariner of Roterdam that was Presoner in Donkert. I have allso sent your * Dom. Eliz., Vol. CCXXIV. 122 STB MARTIN FROBISHEB. lionnor his pasport^ wherein you may se his namc^ and the forme of his deliverie. "Ther ys in her three pore men^ their wifes and child ern^ bound for honscot (?). I have sent the hoy into Dover peare_, and I have commanded the pore men the women and childeren a land in Dover to goe where they will. The hoy^ the Skiper^ and the Spaniard^ I kep in safe coustodie tell I know jouv honnors pleasur hearin. ^^ When the Skipper did se he wase to be taken, he willed them all to cast overbord ther leters^ but they swere all thay wher but one pore kinsmans to an other of comendations and of ther parince. " I pray your honnors deriction for these causes,, and what I shall doe foe the mendmge of my mast, and shifting of my balis^ which must be donne before I take in any vitels. I have but 7 dayes vitels left, and it plese your honnor the vitels myght goe to Harwige that comes doune, and the ship may met ther vitels ther and dispach all thinges in thre or fower days. Thus comiting your honnor to the almitie. Downes this 7th of may, 1589. ^^ Your honnors most hurabely bound, " Maetin Frobisee.'^ * The remaining incidents of Sir Martinis career though of signal account in the history of the nation,, require but a brief summary in this chapter. In 1590 "^ Dom., Eliz., Vol. CCXXIV. OPERATIONS AGAINST SPAIN. 123 lie was Admiral of an expedition fitted out for tlie coast of Spain. The expedition was fruitless in one- respect^ as not a single Spanish, ship was fallen in with worthy of being captured. It answered another inten- tion^ by wholly crippling the commerce of King Philip_, inasmuch as he was compelled to keep in port the whole of -the outward-bound ships_, and also to send out instructions to the Indies, to detain the sailing of the homeward-bound ships till the following year. From this time until his death Frobisher was continually engaged in operations against the Spaniards. The following letter will serve to illustrate part of this service : — Sir Maetix Feobisher to Lord Burghley. '^ My humble dutie my honorable good Lord. I sent the Gallion Eawley for England the fiftene of Julie w*^^ a prisse of Brassill Sugar, w'^' I hope is well arived. " I meette w^^' Captaine Crosse in the Forsight the one and thirtie dale of August, in fortie seven degrees, and he gave me to understand that the Forsight, the Eow bucke, and my lord of Cumberland's shippes, w*** the Daintie, and some other have taken one Carrecke, and another is burnte. And the third, it was my hard hape to misse at the Burlinges in a darke night,, havinge sight of her light, the seventh of Julie. But I am of the opinion, that my stale upon the coast of Spaine made the Kinges fleet te ^aie so longe from the Hands as this Carrecke was the better come by, for I havo 124 SIR MARTIN FROBISHER. kept evcrie dale upon the coast as by this letter herein inclosed your honours may partlie understand. " I understand by Captaine Crosse that the Carrecke will want Ankers^ CabelleSj and sailles, and for that I am able out of this shij^pe to f urnishe her in all thinges, I will for the better safetie of her keepe betwixt the Lizard and Hushinge (sic) and so if God send wether ■bringe her aboute for the ylle of Wight for she draweth thirtie footte watter_, and ther we will staie to know your honours further pleasure^ excepte the wind force us to some other harbour. As touchinge the circum- stances in takinge of her^ I referred it to this bearer, who was as his companie reporteth it to me the cheefe autour in bourdinge and takinge of her. I will have as greate care as lyeth in my power to save all thinges for I understand all the men of war that hath bin at the takinge of this and the other Carrecke that l^urnt her self e have made verie greate spoille and hath it .abourd there shippes. I will staie all the men of warr and suffar nothinge to land as neare as I may till I heare from your honours. " 1 have had since the first of August a great sickenes amongest my companie w''^' forceth me to put into Pli- mouth to land my sicke men but I meane not to staie there one howre yf the wynd serve. I have staide the Forsight w*'' me for that I heare some mutinie in the Carrecke w^^ the other shipps in her companie but I do not doubte yf I meet w"' them but to pacific all thinges till your honours further order — thus w''^^ my THE QUEEN'S LETTER TO HIM. 125 prayer to tlie Almiglitie for your lionomrable estates and all happines this forth of Septembre^ 1592. ^^ Yonr honours most humblie^ "Maetin Frobiser* ^^ Lizard^ aboord the Garland." Endorsed by Bnrghley : ^"^ Brought by Tho. Tippyng y* served w* Cap. Furbyser.." The Queex to Sir Martin Frobisher. " Elizabeth R. ^' Trustie and welbeloved^ wee greet you well : wee have seen your [letter] to our Threasuror and onr Admyrall^ and thereby perceive your [love] of our service,, and also^ by others^ your owne good carriage, whereby [you] have wonne yourself reputation ; whereof^ for that wee imagine it wil be comfort unto you to understand^ wee have thought good to vouch- safe to take knowledge of it by our owne hand writinge. We know you are sufficientlie instructed from our Admyrall, besides your owne circumspection, howe to prevent any soddaine mischiefe, by fire or otherwise, upon our fleete under your charge ; and yet doe wee thinke it will worke in you the more impres- sion, to be by ourself againe remembred, who have ob- served by former experience that the Spaniards, for all * Lansdowne MS. 70. The signature alone is in Martin's hand— a fact which may perhaps account for the slightly improved spelling. There is another letter of his in the same vohime, dated the 13th of September, from Dartmoutli, and addressed to the same, which there is no need to quote. 12G Sin MARTIN FEOBISHEB. their boaste^ will trust more to their devices tlian tliat they dare in deede with force look upon you. " For the rest of my directions^ we leave them to such letters as you shall receive from our counsaile. '^ Given under our pri^ae signet_, at our mansion of Eichmondj the 14th of November,, in the oGtli yeare of our reign^ 1594. (L. S.) " To our trustie and welbeloved Sir Martine Furbussher^ Knight." It was in an attack on the fort of CrozoUj near Brest^ that Frobisher got his death- wound. The enemy had strongly fortified this place^ and they defended it with the utmost obstinacy. Our Admiral landed his troops^ with a party of seamen ; a joint attack was begun^ and carried on with great vigour. The fort was captured at last^ but the success was dearly bought^ as many gallant English officers and men lost their lives. The sequel is best told in Frobisher^s o^m words. This last letter of his is a remarkable evidence of the cha- racter of our hero ; his hardy nature, the stern sense of duty w4iicli overrode all his personal injuries, is strikingly evident in it : — Sir Martin Frobisher to the Lord High Admiral. '^ My humble dutie my honorable good Lord, the 7th (of this) monnth, by a battrie, undermininge, and a very dan(gerous)* assault, wee have taken this fort, * The volume of the Cotton MSS. (Calig. E. IX.) in which this letter is contained was damaged by the fire which broke out in Ashburnham House, Westminster, in the year 1731, ■where the collection was at that time preserved ; many words, and portions of words, are on that account wanting. HIS DEATH-WOUND. 127 witli the losse .... of our people, but non of any accompt. They .... it verie resolutelie^ And never asked mercie ; S(ome) were put all to the swoord, savinge five or six that (hid) themselves in the rocks, many of them were slaine .... our canonn and greatt ordenuance in defendinge of ... . breatch with there Captaine one Perithos. It was tyme for us to goa through with it. Don .... is advanst within six leaggs of our armie with an intente to have suc- coured them. Sir John Norris doth rise this daie and doth martch towards th(em) to a place called old Croydon. " Wee are about to gett in our ordenannce as fast as (we) can, and so to make our repaire homewards, Sir John Norris would willinglie have some five hundred of ... . sayllers for his bettar streinght again the da(ie) of meetinge with Don John, which I would verie willinglie have don yf we had \dttles to continewe our fleett heare for the tyme. '^ I was shoott in with a bullett at the battrie alongst .... huckell bone. So as I was driven to have an ins .... made to take out the bullett. So as I am neither to goa nor ride, And the mariners are verie unwi(lling) to goa, exceut I goa with them myselfe ; yet (if) I find it to come to an extremitie we will .... what we are able ; yf we had vittles it were (very) easilie done, but heare is non to be had. I have ac- cordinge to your Honours derections tow shipps Ply- mouth and Dartmouth, we most presentlie .... away 128 Sin MARTIN FROBISHER. yf tliey come not to us witli vittles. This bearer is able to certiffie your Honours all things at large. So Tvitli my humble p(rayer) to the almyghtie for your iacrease in hon(or). '' Croydon, this 8th of Novembre, 1594, "Your Honours most h(umble) to Comande, " Martin Fro bis ee." The wound of which Frobisher here speaks was at first regarded as a very slight injury, but the ignorance or carelessness of the surgeon made it a mortal one. It festered, and brought on a fever, of which Frobisher died, on the 30th November, 1594, shortly after the return of the squadron to Plymouth. "Thus fell/^ writes Fuller, " a man of undaunted courage, and inferior to none of that age in courage and conduct, or the reputation of a brave commander. He was very valiant, but withal harsh and violent (faults which may be dispensed with in one of his profession)." Some interesting information about the estates of Frobisher is furnished us by the report of the inqui- sition taken some months after his death, before the escheator of Yorkshire ; allusion is also made therein to various members of the family. The following is a very full abstract of it : — " Inquisition taken at Wakefield the 4th day of Octo- ber, 1595, after the death of Sir Martin Frobusher, knight, late of Altofts, before Christopher Ashe, Esquire, Deputy of the Escheator of Yorkshire, Timothy HIS ESTATES. 129 Whittingham, Esquire, and the following jury : — viz., Richard Sproxton, gent., Richard Clayton, gent., Thomas Harry son, Peter Grante, John Fairbourne, William Tayler, Robert Hoyle, William Bromheade, Thomas Aycroide, Aver Lyndley, Edward Claie, Wil- liam Saxton, Richard Denton, Richard Copley, and Edward Seeker, who say upon their oaths that the said Martin Frobusher was seised in his demesne as of fee in & of the manor, capital messuage or tenement in Brockhoales, in the parish of Cantley, and of one hundred acres of land, arable, meadow, and pasture, with the appurtenances in Brockhoales aforesaid. Also of a messuage or tenement in Heath, with twenty acres of land, arable, meadow, and pasture there. Also of one capital messuage or tenement in Altofts, in the parish of Normanton, called Frobusher Hall, and six •acres of land there, attached to the said capital mes- suage. And being so seised, he made his last will and testament, in which he gave and bequeathed to Lady Dorothy, his wife, in full satisfaction and recompense •of all titles, claims, and demands of her marriage por- tion, under certain conditions and provisions, the tene- ment called Frobusher Hall, and the lands in Altofts, to be held by her and her assigns for forty years, should she live so long. And further, he gave and bequeathed to one Peter Frobusher, son of John Frobusher, his brother, for the term of his life, the aforesaid manor or capital messuage in Brockhoales, and the lands, tenements, rents, &c., belonging to the same, and K 130 SIR MABTIN FROBISHEE. situate in tlie parish or town of Cantley ; and tlie aforesaid tenement and lands in Heath; and the capital messuage called Frobusher Hall, and all other lands,. he, in Altofts ; and his heir. Remainder to Darby Frobusher, son of David Frobusher, brother of the aforesaid Martin, deceased. Eemainder to Richard Jackson, son of Margaret Jackson, sister of Martin, and to his heirs in perpetuity,^^ &c., &c. The jurors further certify that Peter Frobusher is the nearest heir of Sir Martin, being son and heir of John Frobusher, his brother, deceased, and was aged twenty- three j^ears at the time of the death of his uncle. The estates mentioned in the above inquisition are, of course, all of which Sir Martin Frobisher was in full legal possession. An entry in the Docquet Book of the reign of Elizabeth, under the date of the 18th November, 1591, certifies the payment of 948L 17s. 3^d.. by him for the Manor of Whitwood, in Yorkshire, and Finningley Grange, Co. Notts, sold to him by the Queen.. The non-mention of these estates in the inquisition is explained by another entry in the same book, dated the 25th of January, 1596-7, of a re-grant to Peter Frobisher, described as the cousin and heir of the late Sir Martin Frobisher, on payment of 500/., of Whit- wood and Finningley, forfeited by Sir Martin for non- payment of 500?. Frobisher's will was fproved on the 25th of April,, 1595. By it he commends his soul unto God his mS NEPHEW PETER. 131 maker, and his body to the earth, his mother, to be interred where God call him, and as it shall be thought fit by his executors. His funeral shall be solemnised at the Parish Church of Normanton, and at his house called Frobisher Hall, in Altofts. To his "well-beloved wife, Damo Dorothy, he' gives all the jewels, chains, bracelets, pearls of gold, pearl ''^agglets,^^ and rings now in her possession, her wearing apparel, and so m.uch of his plate then at Frobisher Hall as should amount unto the value of 200L ; the one half in silver plate at the value of 5s. an ounce, the other half parcel gilt at 6s. the ounce ; and one-third of his linen and '' napery,^' his two coaches, and furniture, and horses. He nomi- nates and appoints Peter, son of John Frobisher, his eldest brother, his executor ; and for overseers nomi- nates Mr. Francis Boynton, of Barmston, and Mr. Francis Vaughan. The real estates are disposed of in the manner indicated in the inquisition. Peter Frobisher, it would seem, from a tradition that Hopkinson has handed down to us, was also a sailor • for Sir Martin Frobisher, it is reported, whilst he was at sea, made his will, and devised all his estate to his kinsman. Captain Peter Frobisher, who was then with him ; and upon his publishing the said will, an old officer under him desired him to consider well thereof, for his kinsman was a weak man, and not able to man- age the estate ; he had, too, other kinsmen as near as Peter was, and more able to manage it. To which Martin replied, " My will shall stand j it was gotten at 132 SIR MARTIN FROBISHER. sea ; it will never thrive long at land ;" wLicli proved too true. Peter Frobislier was a justice of the peace for the West Riding in the early years of James the First^s reign ; but he soon lost both position and estates by his prodigality, and ended his days in London in most abject poverty.* * He presented a petition on the 21st of June, 1609, to Robert Cecil, Earl of SaUsbiiry. He describes himself as "Peter Fro- bisher, Esq., farmer of His Majesty's Manor of Altofts, on lease, by which he is allowed " howsboote, fyerboote, hayeboote, plougheboote, hedgeboote, and fenceboote, and chardged with many necessary repairations, and competent wood for colemyne there. In which mannor (continues the petition) his majestie hathe a Parke, unto which there is adioyning a little wood called Birkwood within the said manor, wherein are no great store of woodes fitt for tymber but standeth much upon Birch, Alders, Hollyes, and such other small trees, which will rayse very small profitt unto his majestie and yet the cutting downe thereof wilbe a very great defacingof his majesties said liowse and parke, and out of which your petitioner should have his wood and tymber for his necessary uses aforesaid, and a speciall mayn- tenance for his majesties deere there. Nevertheless, Mr, John- son, surveyor there, hatli lately entered into the sayd wood, and hath made sale of 140 tymber trees at small values (there not being above 200 or thereabouts in all), and hath also made sale of 1,200 byrches at 7d, or theraboiits a tree, and others at lower rates, to strangers, and none of his majesties, though your petitioner (being farmer of the sayd manor) desyred of the sayd Johnson that he and other the tenants might have the refusing thereof, and offered to pay as others would give for the same. Also the sayd Johnson hath sold a woode, called Gilkers, within the sayd mannor of Altofts, conteyning therein a parcel of woods than can in noe wise be spared without very great damage both to his majestie and his farmer which is not yet cutt or felled." Peter concludes by praying that Johnson may be restrained, and the woods stayed from further damage. CHAPTER III. YORKSHIRE RECUSAINTS. When Dr. Edwin Sandys was appointed Archbishop of York in 157G^ the memory of the RebelHon of 1569 was still fresh in the minds of the inhabitants of the northern counties. The prompt suppression of that outbreak had for the time being discouraged the favourers of the old religion from another trial of strength with the ruling powers,, but their discontent was greatj and they still hoped to gain the mastery. The Protestants^ on the other hand^ were quite as un- settled by their knowledge of the passions which were silently working in their midst, and which they were almost powerless to counteract. Many of them^ too, had suffered heavy losses at the hands of the rebels, and of the marauders who followed in their trail ; they hoped to indemnify themselves with the lands and goods of the Catholics. This forfeiture of possessions, on conviction of the holder's recusancy, became very common, and the facility with which it was done led to many acts of extortion and oppression. The original documents, which will be found in this chapter, have been selected with a view to illustrate as much as possible the religious state of the inhabit- ants of Yorkshire in the time of Elizabeth. But first. 134 YOBKSHIBE RECLSANTS. a short account of tlie rather notable man who was called upon, as mentioned above, to preside over the spiritual welfare of the northern counties, will not be out of place. Edwin Sandys was born at Hawkshead, in Lanca- shire, in the year 1519. In 1532 or 1533 he entered as a student at St. John's College, Cambridge. There he had for his contemporaries Eedmayn and Lever, both great lights of the Eeformation, besides others of inferior name, who continued in the hour of trial so true to their principles, that, according to Baker, the learned historian of that house, '^probably more fellows were, in Queen Mary's reign, ejected from St. John^s than from any other society in either university.'" It does not appear that Sandys ever became a scholar or fellow of his college, but he served the office of proctor for the University, and in 1547 was elected master of Catherine Hall. About tliis time, too, he obtained several valuable ecclesiastical preferments ; but a few years later, on the accession of Queen Mary, he was deprived of these, and he sufiered some months' im- prisonment for his religious opinions. He escaped the stake by fleeing abroad, where he remained until the death of Mary again placed him on the road for advancement. He was successively Bishop of Wor- cester, and of London ; and finally, on the transfer of Grindal to Canterbury, became Archbishop of York. Little has been handed down to us of his private cha- racter; but as a public man he made, wherever he THE ARCHBISHOP AND THE DEAN. 135 went, few friends and many enemies. His affectionate solicitude for his own numerous family had a good deal to do with his unpopularity. To make suitable pro- vision for his children, he preferred to live at some obscure manor-house on his estate, and thus avoid the semi-regal display which would be necessary at the palace at York. One letter of Dr. Sandy's, written in defence of himself, has been selected for publication here ; it certainly does not give a pleasing picture of the church dignitaries of those days. The Dean so frequently spoken of is Matthew Hutton, who, after a while, became Bishop of Durham, and then Archbishop of York. The Aechbishop of York to Lord Burgh ley. ^^ My honorable good Lord. The Dean spitteth out his venome still, and hathe used means to infect the verie Court; there is no end of his malice. He hathe by his Patron, made her Ma^'*^ to be enformed, that before the LL. appointed to heare our cause, there was no more matter but my yea and his naj/, neither had he said any thinge in the Consistorie, w'^^ was not convenient and alloweable, neither coulde any thinge be proved against him. How true this is, your L. and others appointed for that cause can well tell, to whose reporte in that behalf I referr me ; further her Ma*'"^ is informed, that I have geven diverse leases unto my chyldren in revertion, and no fyne reserved thereof unto the use of the Church. This is as impudent, for I hould no lands of the Church, neither ever had the 13G YOBKSHIEE BECUSANTS. Churcli any thinge of tlie Ai-clib. of Yorke for the usch thereof. In truthe they have the Church lands and should keepe a stock in the common chest for the de- fence thereof. But the overplus of the Eevenue they put not in the Treasurie Chist of the Church, but like- good fellowes divide it among themselves^ and that is the cause of their protestation^ that I may not see into their reckoninges in my visitations. There was not many yeres since. Two Hundi^ed pounds in their Chest for the use of their Church. But my L. President's- men brake in and robbed St. Peter of everie penny,, and yet they escaped punishment, although it was Burglary. But to avoide the like, they put it in their private purses, and buy land w*^^ it for them selves, w*"^' can hardly be robbed from them. I graunt that I gave (as I lawfully might) to my six sonnes, every one two leases in Reversion, for the confirmation whereof, the Dean and Chapter had of me for every lease 4L, in the whole 48L I am bound in conscience to take care over my familye. I have no lands to leave them, as the Dean hath a great deale, and as fitt for me to bestow these upon my children (who I trust shall not be found unworthie of such help) as upon my Servants or Straingers. The Bushopricke loseth nothinge by it, neither is it any whit in worse case. This complaint smelleth of mere malice towards me and myne. The Dean will not remember how that my Predecessor, w"'in two months that he was translated unto Canter- bury, gave unto his kinesmen, his servaunts, and for THE ARCHBISHOrS SONS. 137 round somes of mony to him self, six score leases and patents_, and even tlien, when they were thought not to be good in Lawe, and the Dean and Chapter confirmed foure score of them, and that w*^out stoppe or mislike and (as I suppose) (jratis. He might doe any thinge, and you see my case_, I may doe nothinge, but it shalbe complained of even unto her Ma*'*". A Third thing I was chardged w^'^all, that I woulde needs geve a Patent of the Chancellai'ship to a Boy of nyne yeres of age. oa impudens. My Lord, I have a sonne at Oxford, a M"" of Art of thre or four yeres standinge, and the Bean him self \till confesse that he is well learned, and hathe ben a student in the Lawe (as I take it) now two yeres, and will in one yere followinge be fitt ta procead Doctor. I must confesse that havinge nothing ellse to leave him, I was content to bestow this upon him_, and drawne thereunto by my learned and wise frends. It is he who made report unto your L. of S"" Robert Stapleton's frivolous submission. Your L. then liked well of him, and since he hathe profited in learninge w*^ the best ; he is allmost 25 yeres of age, and a great deale elder in discreation, sobrietie, and learninge, yet I was content that a D^ of Lawes should execute the office two yeres next to come, even such a man as the Dean liketh right well of. My late Secre- tary, Symon Hill, had an office t)f the Registership of the Officiall, and myne eldest sonne was ioyned w*^ him in it, who hathe supervived him. He would surrender his interest to two of his brethren w'^^ have 138 YORKSHIRE RECUSANTS. notliiug to live on. The one being at Cambridge, of 19 yeres of aige, a good Student. The other a Scholar in the Gramar Scheie at Yorke of 14 yeres of .age. Bo the in Lawe capable of such a pettie office, and noe other cause why the Dean denieth to confirme them, but that they are my children. '^ Seing he denieth to confirm them, neither doe I urge him unto it, what cause hathe he to complaine of me ? The L. President toulde the Queene, that he would iustify him self, and so doubtles he will, if he may be heard and beleeved. He is a man that hath no great regard what he saith, or what he sweareth, for nothinge is so manifest true w*"*" he will not deny. W*^^ these moste untrue tales some had so wrought w*^ her ma^^® that hardly I could have accesse. The way by many means was stopped, belike by some Ladie. All this -cunninge dealinge notw^^standinge, her ma"° well -accepted of me, gave me good leave to answere these Reportes, still remayninge most gratious towards me, sayinge, that if she heard anything of me, she would make my best frend my L. Treasorer acquainted w*^ it, and so w*^' good favor gave me leave to retourne to my chardge, and praied God to send me a good journey. He that durst doe thus when I was present, what dare he not doe when I am absent ? Now my cheefe refuge must be unto your L. as you ever have stood w*^ me in my iust causes, so do I knowe that you will not leave me in this. I shall humbly and moste hartely pray you to declare unto her ma*"'*^ how the matter fell out, and in STATE OF THE COUNTY, 139 what sorte I proved the speach uttered by the Dean in the Consistorie ; as allso let her ma^'® understand how- untrue these his accusations be. The speach testified I sent unto you by Dr. Aubrey. I trust your L. wiD not send him home to triumph over me, for you know what wronge he hathe done me, ever an enemy since the first tyme I knew him Huntington this Whit Sunday in the morning 1586. " Yor L. most bounden " E. Eboe/'* Sir Eobert Stapleton, to whom allusion is made in the above, had been convicted in 1582, with some others, of a base attempt to damage the Archbishop's •character, and sentenced by the Court of Starchamber to pay a heavy fine and undergo imprisonment. Sandys died at Southwell in July, 1588. f Signature torn off) to Sir William Cecil. ''Assuredlye the state of these partes is miserable, and Dauiiger greatt, the people are after a sorte in a madde •desperation, manie secrett mutynies are amongest them, wherof nether author nor witnes can be lerned owt. But that (to our terror and grefe) dailie talke is in manie places of the Rebells retorne, whiche. is rather wished after, than detested, for ought that I can perceave. The comons are verie wanton still, and thoughe manie have suffred, and manie shorne to the bare pelche,t yet for so moche as verie fewe or none of * Lansdo^ne, MS. 60. f This word is occasionally used in the north as an adjective, 140 YORKSHIRE RECUSANTS. the gentlemen liatlio tasted of judgement wliicli only werOj yea_, and are the Incentors to all tliis evell, tlie danger is rather doubled then in anie respecte fordone.* And inverie dede except that owte of hand the Queues hiighnes^ whom God long preserve,, and you of her right honorable councell^ prevent the daungers imminent; undowtedlye JVovissima erunt longe ijericulosiova et peiora lyriorihiis. '^ I knowe they shoote chefelie at the life of the Queues ma^'^^ at her crowne, the subversion of the estate, and destruction of us all, that trewlie obey, and obediently embrace Christes syncere relygion and her highnes moste godlye lawes. I feare, her highnes goethe dailie in great daunger. Lord preserve her (from privia conspiracie, poison, shottc, and all papisticall trecheries) .. I knowe you are maligned, envied, and dysdained at,, of the papists and rebells faction, more then anie of of the privie councell. And surelye they have soughte all meanes to supplante you, and still will so practize ;. for of all men they take you for theire dedlieste enimie and greatest hynderer. good Mr. Secretarie- have an eye to your selfe, beware whom you truste,. meaning /riini or exTimisied ; but of the above employment of it (in the sense of skin or pelt)^ we have met witli no other instance. * i.e., exhausted, overcome. Now the hungry lion roars. And the wolf behowls the moon. Whilst the heavy ploughman snores. All with weary task forcdone. Shakes2^ere, Son^j of the Fairies, OSWALD WILKINSON. 141 ycu knowe the world, all are not faitlifull fronds that shewe fairest faces ; helpe to overtlirowe the wicked conspu'acie; if the heddes may still remaine, and be shuldred owte shortlye shall the whoole realme repente. Misterium Imijletatis. The papists practize daye and nighte. Judas non dormit. Sinon Incendia mlstet. Remember the councell of Sext. Tarquinius, Titus Livius, li. I. to. a.; so longe as they remayne as they doe^ loke for no quietnes ; and if they get libertie, loke not longe to lyve. Wei warned well armed. "Thus am I, as may seeme, somewhat sawcie^ and ■overbold to deale withe your Honor. Yt may be sayd siis Minervam, and I acknowledge yt. But if your Honor beare with my good meaninge, and consydre ^s trewthe is^ that a faythfull harte and the feare of Xxod_, and verie dewtie enforcethe me thus to doe. When I consydre the daunger I tremble. I see_, and jet I dare saye no more. "If I might be bold some tymes to write, I could at tymes advertise you of things, not to be neglected. But if it shuld be knowen to some of our governors that I shold write, I were sure to be in daunger of •displesure; for having writen no thing at all to your Honor hetherunto since these hurly burlies beganne here, yet am I maligned and suspected so to have ■done. And sithence I have begonne to write I be- ^eche your Honor beare with me a lytle. " Amongest other Rebells of the northe partes send iippe as prisoners, there is one, Oswald Wilkinson, 142^ YORKSHIRE RECUSANTS. Jayler or keper of tlic castle of Yorke ; of whom I of conscience am enforced to advertise you as followethe ■wliicli is undoubted trewthe. This man assuredlye is the most pernicious,, railinge^ and obstinate papiste in all this countries, so reputed and taken of all men, and therein he gloriethe. Alytle before this late rebellion burste owte, he openly ware the ensigne and badge of thordre of those rebelles, which Markenfeld and the rest dyd weare, yt was a great crucifyx of gold about his necke. And journeing towards the sowthe about the erles busynes as is suspected, at Newarke uppon Trente, did openly and stowtely pronounce and utter, in the heringe of Mr. Henrison, Alderman of that towne, that mthin four dayes the masse shold be as openly said in Yorkeshire, and as frely for all men to repaire unto, as ever the Communion was ; which he colde not knowe excepte he had bene of the con- spiracie or privie therunto. Of this I have witnesses, Gregorie Paicocke Alderman of Yorke, Eaufe Mickle- thwaite, William Broke, merchants and others. "Peter Wilkinson, brother to this said Oswolde Wilkynson, and nowe attendante on him at London, said openlye in the house of one Mr. Woodde, a capper* of Yorke, a lyttle before the rebellion burste owte, in the heringe of diverse persons, that within a shorte space, he knewe the masse shold be openly said, and receaved in Yorke and Yorkeshire ; And that * A cap-maker. SIR THOMAS METHAM. 143^ the Quene and lier Councell wold further yt. If yt lyke your Honor that he be convented and examined, if he denie it^ Mrs. Harte the wife of John Harte of London, grocer, and her neighbour Mrs. Blakelaye who were presente when he uttered the said words, will witnesse the same. '^ We have heare one Sir Thomas Metham, a knighte,, a" moste wilfull and obstinate Papiste, he utterly re- fusethe to come to the di\ine service or here yt said ; to receave the Communion, to come to anie sermons, or to rede anie bokes excepte they be approved (as he saiethe) by the churche of Rome, or to be conferred with all. He refusethe to answere and stand and be tried before the Queues Ma^'°^ Commissioners for causes ecclesiasticall. He usethe the corrupte Lovaine bokes. And at Lovayne mainteinethe amongst those Rebells 2 of his sonnes, to whom he bothe writethe often, and from them receaveth letters agayne. Yt is foure yere sy thence he and Dame Edythe Metham his wyfe were fyrst commytted to warde, since which tyme he hathe daylye growen more welthie, and more wilfull, and assuredlye nowe semethe to be utterly incorrigible and past hope of all reformation. He doethe moche hurte here, and of the papists is reverenced as a pillar of theire faythe. I caused him to be committed to the Castle where he remayrethe, and dothe harm, yet more wold he have done if he mighte lyve at large. If therfore your Honor wold be a meane, that by autho- ritie he mis^lit be removed hence to London, or else- 144 YORKSHIRE RECUSANTS. wliere as to tlie councell sliall seme good^ bothe sliold you ridde us and tliis countrie of a verie e\ill man^ and take away a greatte occasion of evilly whicli is manie waies verie daungerously ministred by liim to this tyckyll* people in these partes. "We are also sore encombred witli 2 Archepapists and Doctors, wliom we can not call owt of tlieire circuites limited to tkem by tlie Queues commissioners ecclesias- ticall above ; to deale witli tliem according to tlieire desertes. Tlieire names be. Doctor Carter and Doctor Siggeswike. Doctor Siggeswike was lymited to lye and abyde at Ricbemonde or witbin 16 myles tberof. And Doctor Cartar was limited to lye at Tbirske or witliin 16 miles tlierof ; where they have lurked since the beginninge of the Queues raigne, never conforming themselves, but obstinatly refusing to obey the godlye lawes and have so practized that those 2 townes and the townes adioyninge have most rebelliously in this late tyme of insurrections resen, and armed them- t?elves for recoverie of tlieire popishe masse, above all the residewe of this shire. When we wold deale with them they will not obey, nor dare (say they) for feare of forfeyture of tlieire Recognizances departe their lymites. Thus are they lymited to practize and lyve disordredly withowt controlment. If yt might, by your Honor, be brought aboute, that either the Pri^ie coun- * i.e. unsteady, inconstant. Courtier.s are but tickle things to deal -witlial. Beaumont and Fletcher. VAVASOUR AND LEE. 145 cellj or those that lymitted them wold call tlieiii and reforme them, or releysing theire bounds, remitted them to the Commissioners for causes ecclesiasticall here, I doute not but they shold be reformed or at leste so delte withall that they shold not hereafter so practyse as they have done in corners heretofore, ^mongest the sillye people. " We have here also 2 Doctors of Phisicke, worse papists I think ther is none in Rome, D. Vavasour and D. Lee. We have hunted for D. Vavasor these 2 yeres but he is so frended that no officer will see him. He hathe had a numbre of masses said in his house of late, as some of his chappleines whom we have mette withall have confessed. He was not seene here since before the late Insurrection. D. Lee was with the erles at theire beinge at Richemond in the Rebellion tyme, thether he rode mth the countesse of Xorthum. and was with her and assisted her when she toke the letters from the poste, which were sayd to have bene fsende from the Queue to the regente. He goethe uppe and downe from papiste to papiste, and nothing- is said to him. But undowtedlye excepte there be sharpe execution done on the hedds and Incentors (as they are altogether spared hetherto) we shall shortely feale a greatter smarte. For now beginne whisperings, and muttrings againe. " Thus beseching your Honor to pardonne me, bothe of this grette temeritie, and that I have so longe troubled your Honor with my foule scribblings, and 146 YOBKSHIBE BECUSANTS. tliat you wold take in good parte my poore goodwilF and faitliefnll liarte, which is and ever shalbe, with all that I have or shall have, ever most redie to doe anio ser\ice that in me may lye at your commandmente. I beseche God to blesse and preserve you, and graunt you grace in tjme, to consydre my fyrst advertize- luente in this letter, and maturely to occurre the pre- sent and imminente daunger. From Yorke the 6*^ daye- of Februarie 15G9-70. "Tour Honors most humble and alwaies at commandment/'* The AECiiBiSHor of Yoek to the Pkivy Council. " May it please your good Lordships to be adver- tised, that your letters written at Windsore the 15*^ of October, came unto my hands on Tewsdaye at night the 22""^ of the same, and accordingc to his Ma*^ plea- sure, and your Lordships order, I have TN-ith all diligencie travelled thcrin, and have sent unto your Lordships- herevrithall, the names and abilities of suclie withiiv my dioces, as refuse to come to churche, usinge the- helpe of suche herein, as your Lordships in your letters named unto me ; yt was not possible for mo in this shortnes of tyme to searche owt all, beinge required by your Lordships to returne answer within 7 dales : for- HS yet I Iku e not visited my dioces, and so canne not come by full understandinge of the offendours. But =:= Domestic— Addenda, Eliz., \^ol. XVII. HENRY COMBERFORDE. 147 theese are to many, wliose intollerable insolencie, per- verse and contemptuous disobedience, is witli speede to be repressed, or els liardly the state canne stande in quiet saftie. I bad in full purpose to bave advertised your Lordsbips berof, and for redresse praied tbe as- sistance of your autoritie, but your Lordsbips have bappilie prevented* me, and I truste you will bringe to good effecte and perfectly finisbe tbat wbicb uppon good & duo consideration you bave taken in bande. God willetb tbat tbeese straied sbeepe be called bome and be compelled to come in. And it must needs put in daunger tbe publique quiet, yf tbey be suffered to lyve in tbis sorte. I bave already laboured wbat I canne synce my cominge bitber, as well by persuasion as by execution of discipline to reforme tbem, but litle bave I prevailed, for a more stiffe necked wilfuU or obstinate people did I never knowe or beare of. Dowbt- lesse tbey are reconciled to Rome & sworne to tbe pope ; tbey will abide no conference, neitber give eare to any doctrine or persuasion. Some of tbem wben tbe praier for tbe Queues Ma"® batb ben read unto tbem bave utterly refused to saie Amen unto it. Otbers do glory (and tbat not of tbe simplieste sorte) tbat tbey never knewe wbat tbe bible or Testament meant. To some I bave offered lodginge and diet in my bowse, tbat I migbt bave conference witb tbem for tbeir conformitie, but tbey cbose ratber to go to prison. Tbus mucb I write to give your Lordsbips a taste of * i.e. gone before, anticipated. 148 YOBKSHIRE RECUSANTS. their evill dispositions, and the most of them have ben corrupted by on Henry Comberforde, a most obstinate Popishe prieste now prisoner at Hull. AVhile we ex- pecte your Lordships further order, we procede here accordinge to our Commission, lest yf we shuld sur- ceasse they would growe the stowter, thinkinge that our hands were shutt uppe. " Thus I take my leave of your good Lordships, commending the same to the good direction of God^s holy spirite. From Bushopthorpe this 28*^ of October 1577. "» '^ Your Lordships at Commandment, '^E. Ebor.'^* Enclosed with this letter is the following paper : — * Domestic, EHz., Vol. CXVII. LIST OF RECUSANTS. 149 ^ to c O) rt 'S cj pq 1— 1 a> -^^^ <^ Mpq ^ ^ ^ 5 ri (_> OT o -M is Q ?: ^ ':! ° To I -^^^ H H 1-1^:3 h:; ■fcfl -=:^ ^ i^ o g ^ > -s n=* H^ O hJ ?^> w 5= ^ :r, -^ H CD , ?. -^ rQ 60 ^"^ S! • £ S ^ rt c; -M r. ^ P*i = ^, C C c fcc3 ^' 7; ^^ t> .S|.sags. O en O O P. » 3"? > .t:,p! ri o ct O bJO bo LIST OF RECUSANTS. 151 ^ •-* 6 ^ J2 d ^ p c Q V 5"" -• ;3 »2 3 S^ irT * o" ■r^ CD • f>i • ft -M ' C3 *3 •^5 . 05 to ^r:i ief of John Wedde butcher . yfe of Jo. 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Tjl I— 1 I— 1 kO o o o o '-C c o o o ^ fcX) M fc/J &fi 154 YORKSHIRE RECUSANTS. ^° to '3 .2 (2- rj t- o o c; ^ rt 5 c ^ o o b b 6 rt :::cc^Sc^^P5 P5 ^ :5 p^ p2 C£5 P^ a :J5 ooo"ooo"o ©"o o ocooooo . . . . . £ o c r^ ce >» • • a> • • • >. o "T^ . ^ < fi ^ o • .;5 • • '1 1 '< 53 «> -—1 - > 2 llilli . >-v~ 'n OT o ~ to to . .-^ . . . 53 a . . . . . . S c p § rH O -• ^ to o o c; a Ch 't ' ' ^ c> o "53 -*< CO .^- Kl S3 03 ,^^ -1 CO t/MO'^ X O O '^ o ■^ o H 5 S r-- ■r) . ot^ o-^ o -iJ • o o •'So * -g ,o 1 O 'D O o olh to o tt C r- tC ?1 ^ ■^ ^ 3 2-^ — q o ,j3 ,3 rH g^ -S m ■" 6 .2 a "5 S.2.S a 03 03 . (O ^ O P-, ^ pH ►^ O ■««; >-~J i-i. o -^J o a o s o o o K o rl 03 ?l i/; "" • ARTIIINGTON HOUSE, 15^ The Earl op Hdntingdon to Sir Francis Walsingham. " I dyd ryde y® laste weeke 20 myles west from tliis towne_, after I had sent my men before me, upon a soddayne_, late in y® nyghte, Imedyatelye after one of my spialles liad geaven me notyce y^ Wynsor was for certeyn in Artliyngton liowse, w° in deede I dyd fynde trew^ for Wynsor went awaye, as T may now gesse^ even at y* Instant, w'' I dyd not bealeeve tylle no we. For in truthe yt ys soclie a liowsse to liyde persons, as I liave not in my tymo seene y® lyl^e. And I was as- suryd by y*^ information of sondrye y^ theare bee vautes under y*^ grounde, but wlieare to fynde y^ waye to them I coulde not learne, And therfor after I had exemonyd y* wyddowe, who was sycke in hyr bed, or so faynyd hyr selfe, and also had sent (fewer ?) of y'' rest wythyr to y^ prison, I was mynded to plucke uppe y*" bourdes, but a priest, w^ was founde after mannye searchys in a strange manner hydden, dyd confesse y® beeyngo of Wynsor theare, and sayde constantlye, y* he was gon in to Netherdalle, and namyd too placys, in one of w°, he sayde, I shulde surely e fynde hym. And ther- fore I stayed my other purpose of pluckynge uppe y^ bourdes, tylle I had made triall upon y^ priests worde. And dyd Imedyatelye send five of my awne men y*" I was more sure of, then any I coulde send to in or nye Netherdalle, wheare they dyd not loose all theare labor, tho they gotte not y^ man. But theare he was, and theare he ys. For w*^ cawse I mynde my selfe 15G YORKSHIRE RECUSANTS. to morrow to goo nye to y*^ place,, and in to y* place yf y^ daye wyll serve. I trust he slialle not nowe scape my liandes, as I have and wyll order y® matter. Davye Inglebye ys theare also. Yt ys soche a cuntrye as I dyd not tliynke to have fownde so nye to Yorke, And y® cheefe persons y* doo inhabyte theare, have shewyd them selfes nowe what they are in deede, wherof Wyllm. Inglebye ys y*" cheefe. I praye God my labors takyn in thys action may prove acceptable to hyr ma% and then I shall thynke bothe my chargys and labors in thys well bestowyd. And care y® lesse for other matters w*" I knowe my dealynge in thys cause hathe and wyll make me subiecte to, if sum heare may y* they desyre. I wyll not at thys tyme trowble you w* any particularytices (sic), but refer y^ to an other tyme. And so abrupetlye I wyll take my leave, and comytte you to y^ Lord. At Yorke thys 2d of Novem. (1580 ?) ""Your assured frond, ''H. HUNTINGDOX.''* Martin Birkhead to the Earl of Shrewsbury. " Eight Hono^ My bounden dutie humblie considered. It maye please your good L. to be advertised that this bearer, your L. servant cann declare particularelie, Howe we have proceided at this assises heare at Yorke ; we have indicted and arraigned one William Lacye, and one Eichard Kirkman alias Jennyngs, either of tlieyme of hye treason (who are found giltye) viz. La eye for obtayning of a bull and popishe orders from Gregorie the 13 pope,con- * Dom., Addenda, Eliz., Vol. XXYIL FEISOXERS FROM HULL. 157 trarie y° statute of y'^ 13 yeare of y*^ Q. ^Ia''% wlio liadd also taken upon him manie other indulgences^ writings, instruments, reliques, beades, broclies, laces, and tryfles brought from Rome. Tli^ other Kirkeman alias Jenyngs, beyng a seminarie preist perswading and withdrawing traitorouslie liis Ma*^ poor simple subiects fi'ome their naturall obedience to hir Majestic to y° obe- dience of y^ pope & Romishe Religion, contrarie y° last statute made 23 of hir Ma**" reign. With Kirkeman ^lias Jenyngs was taken masse booke, Challice, wafer cakes, wyne and all things readie to saie masse. Theye bothe remayne obstinate. Heare was also brought before y® judges five prisoners fi'om Hull for refusing to go to y® Churche, one of theyme, John Mallott hathe yeilded to conforme himself & to go to y° Churche ; th^ other 4 viz : one Tocketts, one Lacy, & Harry Oglethorpe and one Leids do remayne obstinate, and have iudgment to paie 20Z. for every moneth absente according to y ® late Statute of 23 Eliz. I humblie beseich your good L. to vowchsafe (either by your L. lettres or otherwise) to give thanks to my L. Chamberlayne for his goodness towards me. Almighty God preserve your Good L. evermore in hye honor together with all jours. Yorke the 11'^ of Aug. 1582. '^ Your Honors Ever bounden humble to command " Martin Birkhead.'^* * Talbot MSS. in the Heralds' College. For some account of the writer of this letter, see p. 44 ante. 158 YOBK^^HIRE BECC'SANTS. The Earl of Huntingdon to Sir Francis Walsingham. " S"" You shall understand, that since I received the coppie of y® instrument of association for the preser- vation of her Ma*^ person, I made divers gentlemen of this countrey acquainted therewith ; and so from hand to hand yt was made knowen in all y® parts of this shire ; whereupon divers gentlemen to y^ number of 300 or moore have of themselves desired earnestly to be ad- mytted into that honorable societye, and have sealed, subscribed, and sworne to performe y^ contents of y® said instrument. The Citty of York, and divers other cor- porations within this contrey have don the lyke to the number of 2000 persons and above. And divers of the said gentlemen within there severall wapentakes and divisions y^ be in the Commyssyon of y® peace, and came not to me to York, havinge sealed, subscribed & sworne thereunto amonge them selves, dyd ingrosse the sayd instrument in parchment, and admitted there- unto such of the meaner sort of gentlemen and of the principall frehoulders and clothiers about them, as dyd of them selves sue to be accepted into that societye. So y^ (especially about Hallifax, Wakefeld, and Bradford) a great number of y* sort have sealed, subscribed, and sworne thereunto to the number of 5300 men be- sides the sayd gentlemen and corporations, and divers others that have, as I heare, and will in other places do the lyke, w*^^ are not yet come to my handes. I had thouglit to have sent upp y° instruments w'''^ I already HOTHAM'S REPORT. 15a> have, y*^ be signed,, sealed, and sworne unto. But find- ing by y® vew of tliem, y* yt will be to combersom to send tliem by post, beinge 7500 seales at tlie least, I tbouglit y* good to retcine tliem beare, untill 1 shall heare from you againe. And in y*^ meane tyme I will cause a rowle to be made in parchment of all the names as well of those that I now have, as of such as shall come to my hands hereafter. Thus &c. At York the 30"' of November 158 i. " Your assured frend ^•H. HUNTYNGDON. " I have sum cawse to ryde so farre as Doncaster and perhappes a lyttell farthyr, but on frydaye God wyll- yuge I wyll bee heare agayne.-'^* Sir John Hotham to Sir Francis Walsingham. ^^ Right Honorable my most humble de^vtye re- membred, may I signifye unto you that ha\dnge re- ceyved commaundement by letters from the Lordes of her Ma^'^ most honorable Privye Counsell, to call be- fore me certeyne Eccusants, within the Countye of Yorke, and to demaunde of eche of them, the fur- nyshinge of a Lyght horseman, or els to pay 25/. in monye. So yt is that the Recusants beinge dispersed into dyverse partes of the Countye, and dyverse of them not to be founde within the Countye, I cannot with such convenyent spede certyfye unto you, (as is * Domestic, Addenda, Eliz., Vol. XXVIII. Tlie signature and postscript only are in Huntingdon's handwriting. 160 YORKSHIRE RECUSANTS. required by there Honours saycl letters) every oue their particuler answeres, wherefore I have thought ^ood to signyfie uuto you_, howe farre my proceeding hath bene^ as here followeth_, cravinge pardon for the re.st_, which god willinge shalbe performed with all dili- gence^ ceasinge to treble your honour any further, I humbly take my leve ; Yorke the 21*^^^^ of October, 1585. *' Your honours most humble at commaundement "John Hotham. " Roger Tocketts gent, ^vill provide a horseman furnyshed, or yf he be not lyked, then 25Z. in monye. " Thomas Leedes will provide 25/. in monj^e. *' John Britton is supposed to be in gaole in Man- •Chester. • ' Henry Oglethorpe is sayd to be in Oxefordshire with the sheriffe of that Countye. *^ William Hawkesworthe is sayd to be in the county of Lancaster, at a place called Mitton. ^^ Marmaduke Redman is sayd to be at London. ** And Ingrame Thwinge is supposed to be out of the Realme. '^ There remaynethyet Frauncis Jackson GeorgeMoore and Thomas Waterton with whom I have had no con- ference, neyther any certayntye of there beinge Avithin the countye.^' THOMAS WATERTO.V. IGl Sir John Hotiiam to Sir Francis Walsingham. *' Riglit Honorable my moste humble dewtye remem- bred accordinge mito commandement geven unto me by letters from her Ma*^°* most honorable pryvey Counsell to call before me certen recusantes, to requier them in her Ma^'^^^name to furnishe echo of them a horseman or to provide 25/. in money ; so ytt is, that forasmuch as their honors letters did import haste and that the recusantes were not esolye to be founde, so as I could not make certificat in suche convenyent tyme as was required, I dyd signifye unto your honor, how farr my prosedynge had ben therein : Since which tyme I have usyd my dyligence to satisfye their Honor's commandement ; for the rest as foUowethe. Cesinge to trouble your Honor I humbly take my leve. Yorke the fyrste of November 1585. " Your Honors most humble att Commandement. ''Thomas Watterton, gent, consealed himself e, that yff my man had not mett with him by chance I should have had noe Answer at all from him ; but when he re- seved my presejDte to mete me att a place apoynted, his Aunswer was I had nothing to doe with him, for that he stode bounde to appere before her Ma^'*^^ most honorable pryvey Counsell whereupon I was enforced to wryte unto him their Honors pleasuer, his Aunswer whereunto is hereinclosed.* * Now unfortunately wanting. M 162 YORKSHIRE RECUSANTS. *' George Moore lyetlie in Nottingliamslier as ytt ia supposed with Mr. Thomas Markam.. " Francis Jackeson dwellethe att Sharrelton within the Countie of Yorke and concealethe him selfe and Avill not be spoken with. ^' So ytt dothe apere by my former certyficat and this^ theirbe tow onlye that I have had or eane have Con- ference with all whoe are agreed to paye money, which some amountethe unto 50Z. which money is readye at Yorke to be payd to whome your Honor shall apoynte- for the reseat of the same. " John Hotham.'' John Feene to Sir Eoeeet Cecil. '' May it please your Honor,, I have eitterteyned allmost thes 2 ycares ane Espiall to lay a plott for y* taking of one Hodgsones howse called Groman Abbey near Whitby in Yorkshier,* & within 5 myles of y® sea : to which place in respect of y® scituation and strenght therof, doe resort most dangerous men, both priests and fugitives, amongst whom Da^dd Ingl'eby is one^ * Gromond Abbey, in the parish of Egton, was a cell to the Abbey of Gramont, in France, given by Joan, wife of Robert de Turnham, and confirmed by King John, in the 15th year of his reign. At the general dissolution it was valued, according to Dugdale, at £12 2s. 8d. The site, in 35 Hen. 8, was granted to Edward Wright, Esq., for the sum of £184 13s. 2d., subject to a yearly payment of ] 8s. lOd. The next year it came inta the possession of Sir Richard Cholmley, knight, and remained with the Cholmley family until the year 1668. From the ruins of the convent, a spacious farm-house, with out-offices, was long ago erected at the west end of the Priory Church. See Allen'a Jlldonj of Yorkshire. GEOMOND ABBEY. 163 But having beene so longe deluded by tbis fellowe, (as I suspected) I tbreatned to send him upp before your honor ; wheruppon he promysed better endevors ; and hath sent advertesment yesternight to me, y^ y° service shalbe presently effected. The howse being stronge, large, & many conveynyances under ground, to a brooke running neare, I must imploy as great strenght of people as I can from Yorke j for Sir Tho : Hobby, being now at London, I do not knowe of any faithfull assistance in y° cuntry : in which respect, & for y^ y* people are who ly defected from Rehgion, 20 myles alonge y* coste, and doe resist all warrants and officers y* come amongest them, I doe resolve (allthoughe it hath seldome bene so used) to be y® same tyme within 4 myles of y® howse to prevent any Rescous to be mayd by y® cuntrye, following Mr. Henry Cholmeley, whose tenant Hogesonne is, for in January last one Aslaby another of Mr. Cholmleys tenants, did rescue a prisoner, a Recusant, from y® pursevant to y® High Commission, & uppon the 23rd of this present y^ like was done by 40 persons all weaponed against 2 men, y* had bothe warrant from this Counsell & y® high commission to apprehend some Recusants ; affirming y* yf there came never so many, with whatsoever aucthority, they shold be stayne befor any towards (sic) Mr. Cholmley shold be caryed away ; and yet Cholmeley is a Justice of peace, by what meanes I know not; & threatned Revenge against Sir Tho : Hobby. This was done within 3 myles of Groman Abbey ; heerby your Honor 164 YORKSHIRE RECUSANTS. may perceave, into wliat conditions Religion & y® state is brouglit in tlies parts,, & y^ iust cause I have to be in persone, at or neare y° said searclie, tlier being no Assistance^ but apparant Resistance to be expected in y® Cuntrye ; I humbly pray your Honor y* yf tliis searche take not effect (as till it be done^ nothing can be assured in thes cases) y^ all may be taken in y° better parte. I may not discover y*^ place, personnes nor service particulerly to any heare now, but onely in generall termes, & yf any hear shold take offence therin, I must relye uppon your honor. I am borne in hand* there wilbe taken David Ingleby, 2 priests, & the 4 Hodgsons, bretherne, and also a register booke a Journeall of their trecherous practises. If I had receved intelhgence sooner your honor shold have had from me more tymely advertisement, and I wold be glad of your honorable advise & direction now, if it cold come before y° tyme which is y*^ 3 of May, by 10 of y^ clock in y® morning, for y^ night must y° search be mayd, if y*^ appointment hold ; & y® place is 32 miles from Yorke, from whence I must send all y® strength to guard y° howse all night. Thes other letters to y^ Lis. do advertise them of tlios gentlemen of Yorkshier, y^ are appointed by this Counsell to appear before their Lps to showe cause whie they have not levyed y® charges of y® 2 shipps sett owte by Hull in December last : And 60 craving pardon for this tedious letter, I do most * A phrase in common use in early works, meaning to keep in expectation, persuade. A SPY AT GEOMOND. 165 humbly take leave of your honor. At Yorke this 27 of Aprill 1599. " Your Honors most humblye to be commanded, '' Jo : Ferne/'* Anon, to Sir Egbert Cecil. '^ Maye it please your Honor That whereas 1 did de- lyver you a letter withoute my name, my m"" the Earle of Huntington did warne me if they were matters of state, that I shoulde not "s\a'ite my name, there is and hath byn this terme so many Yorkesheire men with youe that I durst not come to you, thoughe I have lyen aboute London more then three weekes to attende upon your Ho : wherein I beseech your Ho : that I maye have some tyme with you, the matters are of gTeate weight and may redowned to the Queenes hands above tenne thowsand powndes, with dyvers of hir trators, which she may have at hir pleasuer. All the helpe they have is one howse called Growman Abbey, which have dyvers tymes byn besett mth 200 men and yet they are suer (as they thincke) for it is a place, that standith on a Eyver syde, called Eske, where they have * Domestic— Eiiz., Vol. CCLXX. The writer of this letter was the son of William Feme, of Doncaster, and a member of the Inner Temple. In his youth he was addicted to the pursuits of genealogy and heraldry, and published a volume in 1586, called " The Blazon of Gentrie. Divided into two parts. The first named The Glorie of Generosity. The second Lacye's Nobilitie. Comprehending discourses of arms and of gentry, cfcc." Hunter gives a short account of this work in his South Yorkshire. Ferno was knighted in the following reign, and died about 1610. 166 YORKSHIRE BECUSANTS. their conveyaunce most suer, that a thowsand men can do no good unles they knowe them. But I have layde a plat so, that I will with the power of God_, take the howse with 60 men — whereof 40 men wilbe made readie by one M"* Fearne Secreatorie to the Counsell of Yorke, and he hymself all well appointed readie to goe with them, and for the rest I will have readie, and leade them all. If I misse the takinge of the howse, lett me dye. Iff it please hir Ma^'®, and your Ho : to gyve me comforte in it, and graunte me leave to have some secreate conferrence with youe, that youe maye knowe me, and more playnelye understande the full matter for if it be not rightlye handled, it will cost a nomber of hir ma^^®^ subiects their lyves besides myne owne lyffe. '' Blackamore I terme to be a Bushoppricke of Pa- pists, and Growman Abbey the Headhowse, wherein the Busshop lyeth, I meane Crawforth the Busshop, be- cause he hath byn there ever since the death of Cam- pion that was executed at Tiborne; and all other Traitours that come from beyonde the seas unto that cost, are there received, and by the meanes of that howse, since the Earle died, three parts of the people in Blackamore are become papystes. So it is thought if there be not present order taken that they will growe to Eebellyon, the nomber is so greate. And those that are the preists are theis in this other paper sett downe readie to be shewed. I dare not for a thowsand powndes be knowne to never a man in Yorkesheire, AT WHITBY STRAND. 167 hut to Mr. Fearne. I have byn layinge of tliis platt ever since tlie Earle died, and now all things are fitted yf liir Higlmes and your Ho : will graunte and further the same. It is more then 7 weekes sithence I came forth of Blackamore, and I have almoste twoo hundred myles home, and my monye spent, and M"^ Feme and I did thincke for to have had many of the tratours to- wardes London before this tyme. Thus attending your Honors answere I humbUe take my leave. '^ Theis are all Jesuits and Semynaries : — " Thomas Hodgson, Ralph Ewer, Cuthbert Crawf orth, Thomas Peacocke, Henry Johnson, Fraunces Nightin- gale, Thomas Andrewe, Martine Nelson. " Theis are the principall men that ayde them and assist them, with many more others : — "WilHam Phillipps, Christofer Poskett, Fraunces Haslebye, Trynion Smythson, John Hodgson, Richard Taylford, Davy Inglebye, Richard Button, Henry Dutton, Henry Rydley, Richard Smyth, Alexander Cootes.''* John Ferne to Sir Robert Cecil. ^' May it please your honor to be advertised, y'' y' In- solencye of papists increaseth still about Whitby Strand in Yorkshire ; for about 3 dayes since, I tooke ane ex- aminacion of one Bell and Millnes (speciall Baliffes to execute proces from y® Common Place, uppon some personns dwelling neare Whitbye Strand) whoe weare * Domestic— EKz., Vol. CCLXX. The letter is endorsed 2d May, 1599." 168 YOBKSEIRE RECUSANTS. wounded grevouslye^ by 3 others j^ charged tliem to be spies for Religion (as tliey termed it) but seinge them not to be suche^ sayd, they weare sorye, for y* they had done, but yf they or any others came to troble them for theyre Religion or conscience, they wold kill them. But by this inclosed copye of another Exami- nation, dothe appeare, what corage they have taken by y® remisse government heare in y*^ behalf. I may say noe more, but poore men can not doe y* they desyer,. when y® assistance is so feeble. This insolent accion,. or rather the Embrio and first concepcion of a sedition in ane assembly of so many men, weaponed in warlike manner may bewray what this sorte of people wold doe, yf tyme & occasion serve, for by the Lyons pawe, y* dimension of his whole bodye is easely knowen. God move her ma^^® to resolve spedely uppon ane Lo : Presi- dent. The Report of this Affray and owtrage came to me by uncertein meanes on y® 11 of this month e, but I stayed fi-om advertisment, till I knew y® truthe, by y® examinacion of y® parties, yesterday, y* weare so abused. I thought my part to advertise y^ same to your Honor, y* you may se y"" state of thes things with us & y^ fruit y* commeth, or rather y^ first budds of desobedience, by want of a Religious President : and likewise least y^ by complaint of Sisson, one of y^ ex~ aminants (whoe as I heare is gone this day to London) some present order shold be taken, for a spedy serche to apprehend thes malefactors ; which attempt (they all dwelling neare and some of them as is sayd,. HENR Y FA IBFA X, OF D UNSL E Y. 160 in Groman Abbey) will dispaclie the Companye of y^ howse^ to unknown places, and bold tbem longer from meeting together there again ; wheras a conni- vence for a tyme will make them more secure ; for in y* howse is y"" whole Crue (as y^ intelligencer told me yesterday) and there he expecteth them again, on St. Peter's day next which tyme he hath appointed for a serche, unlesse I heare further newes fi-om him. He telleth me, he hath acquainted your Honor with hia purpose, w^hereat I am glad, y^ you may perceive, what course I runne in this accion. I thinke it weare fitt for a tyme to deferr y® apprehending of thes offenders in y*' affray, in respect of y® greater service. I looke for a stronge Kesistance at Groman, but I wall god willing levje sufficient strenght to second y° watche of y® how^se, within 2 bowers after they have besett it ;; and so most humbly commending my service to your Honors commandment I take my humble leave — at Yorke, this 19 Junii 1599. '^ Yo"^ Honors most humble at Commandment, ^^Jo: Feene." "The information of James Sisson, of Yarom, yeoman, and of John Coraeforth of the same in the Countie of York geven upon their oathes before us Charles Hales and John Feme Esquiers, two of her Ma*'®^ Counsell in the North, the 13th daie of June 1599. ^' They saie that upon Thurseday morning last being the 7th of this Instant, they came to Dunsley, nere Whitby in Yorkshire, to seaze to her Ma}'^" use the 170 YORKSHIRE RECUSANTS. goodes of Henry Fairfax of tlie same towne for his debt due to her Ma*^® for liis Recusancye, they being aucthorised togither with one Eichard Tankard so to do by severall warrants^ viz^ one from Sir John Fortescue, an other from the High Sherif of Yorkshire and an other from Mr. John Gate & Nicholas Girlingtone, to levye certen somes of money of the goodes of certen recusantes, named in Scedulls thereunto annexed, whereof the said Henry Fairefax was one. And they further say that they at there first comming to the said Henry Fairefax did shew him his name in the inquisi- tion, and the goodes found in the same to be his, and by them to be seazed to her Ma^'°^ use ; and demaunded delivery of those goodes accordinglie to her Ma^^^^ use in peaceable manner. Wherunto the said Fairefax aunswered that they should have none of his goodes, neither would obey any aucthoritie that they carryed. Wherupon these Ex^s (examinants) offred to go into his fould yard, into which he had dry ven all his Cattell, & ther kept them, with 18 or 20 persones weaponed, with staves, pytchforkes, bowes and arrowes, and him- self with a long stafie & a calliver, and the said Faire- fax and his companie would not sufier them to enter, but bent all their forces against them. Insomuch that these Ex's and the rest of ther companie viz. Richard Tankard, Richard Lythe, & John Harker, which Lythe and Harker came in aide of the other three, being not able to gett those Cattell, from so great a force went into the Towne, to crave assistaunce of y® Cunstable & KATHERINE EATCLIFFE. 171 inliabitants, but could gett none neitlier would tlie Cunstable Jolin Camplyn be found, tliis being betwene fewer and fyve of the clock in tlie morning, and then these Ex's and the said Tankard Lythe and Harker purposing to go to Whitbye or some other place nere, for better ayde were mett a little waie of Dunsley Towne, upon the moore, by about 20 horsemen and ten fotemen, dyvers of them weaponed with bowes and arrowes, halberds,, fowling peeces, callyvers, javelinges, staves, swordes and daggers, and as sone as those Ex\s and their fellowes, came within arrowes shott of these horsemen and fotemen they shott at these Ex^s, and the rest, and cryed ^'^Downe with them, kyll the villaines; And 6 of them pulled Tankard from his horse, and when they had him under his horse, they wounded him twise in the head with his owne dagger. And then the rest of them sett upon these ex's and Lyth and Harker, and took their weapons from them, .and gave them drye blowes w^^ staves, and asked them for their aucthorytie, which the said Sisson did shewe unto one James Koos, using M"^ Katherens Ratclifes howse at Ugthorpe and after the said Rosse had reed those Warrantes, he gave them againe unto this ex' Sisson. And he saieth that there was emongst that disordred compsnie, one James Bowes, using at M"' Ratcliflfes, Symon Rydley and William Rydley, her ser- vantes Thomas Readman of Newton, William Bartram of Stokesley, John Marshall of Biggyn howse, Christopher Fernabye of Stokesley, John Foulthorpe of Barmby, & 172 YORKSHIBE RECUSANTS. William Eatcliffe brother to Katlierin Eatcliffe. The rest of that companie they could not learn what they were. After which that companie parted from these ex^s and their fellowes, and gave them their weapons againe, and bad them gett them awaie threatning them that if ever they came there againe they should dye for yt. And then these ex's and their fellowes went awaie, taking their waie towardes Pickeringlytlie, which they tooke to be the safest waie to gett some help for Tankard which was hurte and before they had passed half a myle^ some of the first disordred companie, together with dyvers others to the number of 40, weaponed with bowes, arrowes^ shott and long staves, swordes and daggers did a fresh sett upon these ex's, the said Tankard, Lythe & Harker and shott at them witharrowes and discharged one peece, and came ta them with their swordes drawn, and sett upon them all except Tankard who fled awaie upon his horsback, and did wound this ex' Corneforde upon the arme and in the head, and gave him many blowes upon the bodye with swordes and staves, which did not wound him but brust* him sore, and did likewise wound the said Lythe upon the head with his owne dagger, & over the mouth, & did beat him so crewellie with a staff e, untill they broke the staff with striking him. They did likewise sore beat Harker and this ex' Sysson, and still as they stroke a blowe at any of these ex's, or their fellowes they said, take this for Phillipes, and this for * i.e., bruised. THE BAILIFFS MALTREATED. 173 Hawkrigge, and this for Fowtliroppj aud tliis for Ricliard Lecke, and so for dyvers otiiers Recusantes, whose goodes had bene hertofore seazed by these ex^s. And whilest these disordred persons weare beatyng these ex^s and their f ellowes_, one of them which bett this ex. ^isson, being a young man pale faced^ in a vyollet collor Jyrkin, and a pare of whyte clothe britches, took the warrants frome the said Sisson, and putt them in his pockett and carried them awaie. And after they had sore beaten these ex's and their f ellowes, and geven them many vile wordes, threatning them, that if they came any more into that cuntrye about such busines, they would kyll them, and taking their pistoletts and swordes and breaking them in peeces, they went from them, and whilest most of them were beating these ex's and Lythe & Harker, the rest of them sett upon Tankard as he fled, shoting at him with arrowes, and the said Tankard and his mare, falling in a myre, they houghshyned the mare, and cutt Tankards legg in two places very grevouslie and wounded him in the arme, whereby he ys in perill of death, and threatned to cutt his tonge, and putt his eyes out, and the like threatning they used to Sisson, and af terwardes they cutt of all y® mares legges from her body, as she lay alyve in y® myre, as these ex's have hard ; but the names of these disordred persones they know not. '^ Ch. Hales. Jo : Fernb, - " Concord, cum originali, '' Jo : Ferne." 174 YORKSHIRE RECUSANTS, John Ferne to Egbert Beale, of the Council of THE North. . . . '^ I liad intelligence of a notorious lewd howse y* receveth priests & fugitives from beyond seas ; and y® Lo. Sheffield lying then by chance at Mulgrave Castle in Yorkshier^ 3 miles from this howse called Groman Abbey, a place well known to Mr. Topcliff^ I did send commission to his Lordship to besett & serche y® howse which he did with great celeritye & secrecy, & alighted fi^om horseback half a mile from the howse, & came on foote with great speede leading 36 of his servants & y° Queens pursevant to y® howse & compassed it rounde about in a moment, but all was discovered, as I think, by my espiall, for I have many reasons of suspicion. Y® insolency of Eecusants is such in this place, being neare Wliitbye in Yorkshier where of late hathe bene great owtrage ofFred to Baliffs y* came to seeze one Fairfax goods, a recusant, y* I commanded thither in person also to restreine their insolencye in this serche. My Lord took great pains & gave that testimonie of his affection to Eeligion, y* not any of his cote have done y"" like in thes partes : it were not amis y* her ma*^® knew of his care of this her service, it would be a good incoragement to him, when he understood y^ it had been commended to her ; you may boldly say y* he will undertake any service against y® Papists, for God hath called him to a very zealous profession of Eeligion. . . . '' At York this 3 of July 1599. ^^ Jo. Ferne." GROMONB ABBEY SEARCHED, 175 John Feene to Sir Robert Cecil. *' May it please your honor. The Intelligencer for Groman Abbey having, as I writt by my letters of y* 19 of June, appointed a serche upon St. Peters day at night, did still continew y° same resolucion, so y^ y® serche was attempted on y® next morning at 2 of y® clocke, as he had appointed. And because y® Recu- sants have many eyes in this place, I could by noe meanes take from hence suche a number as was suffi- cient to compass y® howse and able to resist their vio- lence, but it wold discover y® attempt. And therfor I did send bothe letters and warrant to y^ Lord Shef- field for his assistance in y^ service, for I durst hazard uppon his Lp. a service of farr gTeater moment, god having called him to a most sincer and zealous profes- sion of Religion. His Lordship lay then by chance at Mulgrave Castle, 3 myles from Groman. I acquainted him by my letters, with your Honors warrant, which coming to him about 10 a clock in y® night did pre- sently take y*^ kayes of his castle gates into his owne handes ; and prepared him self and his people, and came in personne to y^ howse with 36 of his servants ► He left his horses half a mile of y® howse, and camo with great speed to y® howse, on foote, compassed it round presentlye ; within half hower after, I came to y® howse, but y^ back doores weare open at my Lords first coming ; the fresh stepps of a horse & of y*^ bare fi)ote of a man was perceved when it grew light. But as I verelye thinke y® espiall had discovered before, for 176 YORKSHIRE RECUSANTS. it is knowen y*' Hodgson who dwelletli in y^ liowse, did feare a serche y*^ day before. My reasons of suspicion ar tlies, 1. He delivered me a fals plott of y® liowse. 2. He promysod to conduct in y*^ night. 3. That he wold stay during y® searche in a secreat place near y® howse, to give advise where to serche ; but he fayled in bothe. 4. His contrariety of intelligence, for on Thursday evening I receved a letter to procede, and at y^ same tyme he sent another letter to one in York whom he knew was not at home to open it, y^ I shold stay till Sunday night (as appeared at my retorne from Groman by conferring of bothe y^ letters together), anduppon Sunday he knew I cold not come, y® sitting beginning y® next day : I will doe my best to fynd owte his evill dealing, & therof your Honor shalbe advertised, hoping he shall receive punishment fitt for such a deludor. But certeinlye it is of great difficultye to performe a serche in y^ cuntrye, for the Becusants keepe scouts & watches day & night, that theyr Cattaill shuld not be seised, as they pretend, & they ryd all with Calivers petronells or frenche pis- tolls ; very miserable is y^ case of poore ministers & l^rotestants in y^ place. There was found in this serche, all things for y*" furnishing of A masse, and divers popish bookes, but nothing els could be founde, allthough all floores seelings pavements double walls were broke upp and divers valts of strange conveyance weare found owte. Amongst which one at a staire head, within a thick stone wall, was covered with a AT BIPON. 177 great post of y^ bignes of a man's body, wbicli semed to beare y° bowse, but in deed did hinge onely & was removeable to & froe, being locked beneath with Iron worke, did stand fast, but being unlocked, wold remove from the hole which it covered at y° nether end, at which hole a man might easely descend : my Lord took great paines in his busines & is muche greved y*" y® service was defeated : yf your Honor wold make this his Lordships care of her Mat^^ service knowen to her highnes, it wold be a great incoragement to his Lordship when he understoode so muche. . . . '' At York this 3 of Julye 1599. ^' Your Ho : most humble at Commandment, "Jo: Ferne.^' Thomas, Lord Burghley to Sir Eobert Cecil. " My honorable good Brother, I thought good to lett you understand that this Chi-istmas tyme I have taken in one howse near a towne callyd Ryppon within sixe myles of my howse at Snape, two notorious semy- naryes, throne of them callyd Nellson that was once taken before, and upon his recantation had hys pardon. Th'other is one Myddleton, verry well learnyd and a very stowte and resolute fellow; this man was appointyd to have rydd sowthward with fyve or sixe others in his compayny all lyke gentillmen 'and had appointyd every one to have had ledd spare by them a swyft runnyng geldyng. Th'yntellygincer y^ told me N 178 YORKSHIRE RECUSANTS. of this was one tliat was made pri\^ unto it by tHs Myddleton the semynarye for whome he shold have' provyded this runnyng geldyng. The party fearith ther was som further matter then a common journey. If the party that I employed in y® takyng of these prests be not dyscloosyd by this apprehendyng of them_, (he) is such a one as I had rather loose fyve hundi^ed pounds then he shold be knowne_, for he is one in great trust with them^ and one nere a kynne to Davye Ingelby, with whome I have delt to gjYQ me Intellygence of his being, but he hath sworne unto me y^ he hath not bene here almost this two yeares ; I askyd hym if he cam over whythar he wold give us knowledg of hym but he made great (cursey) at it and sayd he was his nere kynsman whome he wold be looth to betraye, but you know what reward may doo and he y* wyll betray one may be brought to betraye another. . . . '' 8 January 1599—1600. " Your faythfull and trew lovyng Broother " ThO : BUEGHLEY. ^^ I have receyved y* yong man yow signifyed by your letters y^ he offryd to be employd, & I have commytted him this thre wekes to y° Castell to gett credytt amongst thes Recusants, and within this two or thro dayes I have given hym leave to breake owt, who promyseth me he wyll give me notyce where I shall take hym with a seminary or Jhesuyt — he is a lyttell A MISTAKE. 179 to yong to be trusted but y® fellow hath a good crafty wytt/' * The Same to the Same. " My honorable good Broother. I had not thought to have had anny occasion to have wrytten unto yow by this messenger, but onely upon some accydent that fell owt of his staye and his compayny, for that I had Intellygence uppon the takyng of the two laste prestos, that abowt that tyme certayn suspectyd persons shold have passyd that waye with ledd horses in the com- payny, wheruppon I wrott my lettars to S^ Rychard Mallyvery, one of the Councell here, to have a watch when anny such compayny passed by Boroughbrigg and to staye them. Itt fell owt that these compayny lay at Borowbrigg whereof he havyng Intelligence, apprehended them at one of the Clock at myddnight, and y° next mornyng brought them from thence to Yorke to me, and so fyndyng what they were and per- usyng their pastportes, wherin ther names as also ther horses wos descrybed, I thought fytt to lett them passe withall the favour I cold. They were very wyllyng to be stayd, and fownd me ready to goo to dynner when they cam, so being myself very well acquayntyd with Mr. Ashton I invyted them all to staye dynner with me. Thus leavyng further to trouble you I rest as ever I wyll doo. " Yor ever faithfull and trew lovyng Broother. fimsignedj "From Yorke, 10th of January, 1599-1600.''* * Domestic-Eliz., Vol. CCLXIV. 180 YORKSHIRE RECUSANTS. '' 8 February, 1598-9. '\A note of sucli monie as hatli bene receaved by Sir Jolin Stanhope kniglit, Treasurer of ber Ma^^^ Chamber from Mr. Skydamore receavor of Yorkesbier for these Eecusants following for the providing and furnishing of light horses in Ireland. Yiz. — John Inglebie of Eudbie, esquier . . SOI. Gilbert Medcalf of Hudgrange . . .15?. Margaret Scroope of Danby Ewer, widowe . 15Z. Elizabeth Pudsey of Barford, widowe . . Ibl. Petter Witham of Ledsame, gent. . . 15?. Katherin Ratclif of Ugthorp . . . 15L Thomas Leedes of Melford, gent. . . 15?. Thomas Gayle of Wilberford . . .15?. Christopher Conyers of Hutton uppon Wiske, Esq. ...... 15?. John Saer of Worsall, esquier . . .15?. Anthonie Holtbie of Marrick, gent. . . 15?. Eobert Bowes of Apleton, gent. . . .15?. Thomas Mennell of Kilvington, gent. . 15?. John Talbot of Thorneton in the streete . 15?. Eichard Talbot, gent. . . . .15/. Anthonie Catherick of Carleton^ gent.. . 15?. Henrie Blenkinsoppe and Thomas Peckering 29?. 6/8 Peter Knaresborne 15?. Frauncys Eatclif .... 29?. 13/4 George Anne esquier. . . . .15?. Anthonie Witham esquier .... 15?. Sum 359/. ASSESSMENTS. 181 Katherin Sutton 15Z. Ricliard Fenton 15L William Mydleton 15/. The Ladie Ratclif ..... 15?. Paid more by Thomas Barnabie of the same Countie who was bounde to pay his monie here at London . . . . 15Z. Sum 434/. '^ The names of dyvers Recusants assessed by the Councell at York towardes the payment of monie for the pro^ading of Light Horses for Ireland, who refuse payment thereof; for which they desyerto knowe their Lordships' pleasure what course shall be taken with them. Viz. : — Comit. Ebor Elizabeth Yorke late wife of Peter Yorke ofGoldwhayte Ibl. Richard Danbye of Sowthcove, esquier . 30/. Thomas Conyers of Danbie wiske_, gent. . 15/. John Hodgscone of Gowman Abbie, gent. 30/. Frauncys Aslabie of Ligh_, gent . . 15/. j^ris Thuresbie of Marrick, widowe . . 15/. Henrie Scroope of Danbie yewer, gent. . 15/. Grace Lambert of the same, widowe . .15/. Brydgett Crathome of Nesse, widowe . 15/.* * Domestic— EUz., Vol. CCLXX. CHAPTER IV. YORKSHIRE REPRESENTATIVES AND THEIR. CONTEMPORARIES, 1603—1628. The foremost Yorksliireman in tlie early part of tlie reign of James I. was undoubtedly Sir John Savile, of Howley. Tlie father of this notable character was Sir Robert Savile, also of Howley, an illegitimate son of Sir Henry Savile, of Thornhill. Sir Robert died in 1585, at which time his son and successor was twenty-nine years old. Sir John seems to have spent the early years of his life in Lincolnshire, with which county his mother, a sister of John, Lord Hussey, was connected. In 1587 he is mentioned as captain of one of the trained bands for Horncastle Sessions, and in 1589 he served the office of High Sheriff of Lincoln- shire. It does not appear that he took any prominent part in Yorkshire affairs in the reign of Elizabeth. His stately house at Howley is said to have been com- pleted about the year 1590 ; and it is likely that he shortly afterwards took up his abode there. This establishment of himself in the heart of the clothing districts of Leeds, Halifax and Wakefield gave him a favourable opportunity for gaining the good graces of the inhabitants of those towns ; and throughout his life he retained their attachment, and loved to regard SIB JOHN SAVILE, OF HOWLEY. 183 Mmself as their patron. Secure of tlie support of tlie most tHckly populated parts of tlie West Riding, lie sought the representation of the county in the first Parliament of King James, and was successful. So far as one can judge from the meagre details of the sessions of this Parliament given in the Commons' Journals, Sir John made a very active and efficient member. His name frequently occurs amongst the members of different committees appointed ; and not unusually does he figure as chairman. The clothier Sj the tanners, the shoemakers and others had all their grievances to be redressed, or their monopolies to be restrained ; and the prominent part which Savile took in the discussions on these matters shows him to have made commercial interests his especial study. In June, 1607, his eagerness to protect his friends, the clothiers, brought him into collision with the most powerful man of the day, none other than Eobert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury. This is shown by a letter from Edmund, Lord Sheffield,* President of the North, to Salisbury, in which the writer " understands that at the Committee this afternoon there fell out some sharp- ness between you and Sir John Savile.'^' Sheffield went on to express his regret at this, and to explain * Created Earl of Mulgrave in 1625 ; lie died in 154G, aged 80. This unfortunate man lost all liis sons by accidents, except Charles, who died young. John, Edmund and Philip were drowned in crossing the Humber at Whitgift Ferry, in December, 1614 ; William was drowned in France, and George killed when exercising in a riding-house. 184 YOBKSHIBE EEPBESENTATIVES, that lie had chosen Savile to attend to the passage of the Clothiers' Bill through the House^ as the man best acquainted with the subject. On the 20th May^ 1614, a debate arose about a new patent for dyeing and dressing cloth, which led to numerous complaints of the stagnation of the cloth trade by different members of the House. Sir John Savile helped the discussion with a few statistics of the trade in his own neighbourhood. He told his hearers that some thousands of pounds' worth of cloth remained upon the hands of the manufacturers in his country, the buyers being so few; that 13,000 men were occupied with this kind of work within ten miles of his house, 2,000 of whom were householders, and the value of whose respective stocks varied between 61. and 201.} there were also 800 householders, makers of cotton, who were not worth 30s. each. He thought this state of the country could not endure a month. For some years previous to the year 1615 he held the honourable ofl&ce of Gustos Kotulorum of the West Riding; but some unpleasantness with his brother magistrates led to his resignation or displace- ment. The first intimation we have of this is in a letter from the President of the North to the Lord Chancellor, in which the writer, to use his own words, '^desired much to have waited upon you myself to present an Information, lately made unto me, of the evil Carriage of one Sir John Savile, a Gentleman of Yorkshire, one of the principal Commission, that SAVILE'S DEFENCE. 185 maketh Use of liis Autliority to satisfy his own Ends, if sundry Complaints be true, which of late have been made unto me, touching one Particular, which in my Opinion is a Matter of foul Condition, and which I am bold to intreat your Lordship to give me Leave to make known unto you by the relation of Sir Thomas Fairfax, a Gentleman of good Worth, to whom the Particulars of that Matter are well known/^ The date of the letter from which the above extract is taken is 13th February, 1613-4. Nearly two years afterwards — that is, on the 6th of December_, 1615 — Sir John Saville writes to the Lord Chancellor in the following terms : — ^^ Though out of my Duty and good Respect always born unto your Lordship, I am very desirous to attend your Lordship before my going out of Town, yet know- ing how I march attired at this present, and how noted, since my last Censure and Imprisonment, I hold it good Discretion to forbear, and think that rather over Boldness than good Manners to press unto your Lordship, into whose Presence, I confess, I cannot come without blushing : Not that I am either guilty in myself, or unsatisfied in your Lordship^s Justice, but to see my Discretion and Credit thus cast upon the Rock by the subtile Prosecution and injurious Pro- vocation of a malicious and mean Adversary, which I could not prevent ; wherefore, my good Lord, fearing that there is something besides my own Fault which drawls on these Troubles, and that the Service of forty 186 YORKSHIRE REPRESENTATIVES. Years under tlie late Queen of gracious Memory, and now under his Majesty, with my no small Charge and Trouble, cannot gain any better Opinion, but that I am held averse to his Majesty's Proceedings, and to use my Place rather to execute m}^ private Malice than publick Justice ; I hold it Wisdom to give Way, and Stubbornness to strive with those Occasions, which may daily draw on such Offence, and therefore, I humbly beseech your Lordship, to free me of this Charge I hold in the Commission, my Kesolution being no more to execute, the same ; but to withdraw myself, where I may more peacefully^ pass this Life in Expecta- tion of a better/' To the above letter the Lord Chancellor adds — " There is nothing but his own Fault and his dis- orderly and passionate Carriage of himself (ill beseem- ing a man of his Place and Calling) that di-aws on these his Troubles, for which I am sorry : And therefore I commend him in making this Suit, which I had rather should be done upon his own Eequest than otherwise. " Th. Ellesmere, Cane. '' 9th Dec, 1615/'* * The above extracts are taken from the Letters and Despatches of the Earl of Strafford, 2 vols., published in 1739. A third, addressed to Sir Thomas Wentvvorth, also printed there, runs thus : — *' May it please your Worship, — Since the end of the last Term, Sir John Savile, by earnest suit to the Lord Chancellor, procured himself to be put forth of the Commission of peace, and his Lordship gave him leave to nominate whom he would have to succeed him in the office of Gustos Rotidorum for this SAVIL£rS SUCCESSOR. 187 Sir Thomas Wektworth to the Earl op Buckingham. ^' Riglit Honorable and my very good Lord. Thes are to give your Lordsliip humble thanks for your respective letters dated from Warwicke the 5 of this instant September, which I receaved the 13 of the same ; the messinger told me your Lordship expected a speedy answear, in observance whearof I must crave your patience in reading a long letter. ^' Your Lordship was pleased therin to lett me under- stande, that whereas his Majestic is informed that Sir John Savill yealded up his place of Gustos Rotulorum voluntarily unto me, his Majestie will take itt well att my hands that I resigne itt up to him agaiue, with the "West Riding ; whereupon he, out of his love, named yourself, who by his Honour's warrant, was thereupon so placed in the Commission, At which time also his Lordship was pleased to give order that I should continue Clerk of the Peace, which I humbly intreat your Worship that, with your favour and good allowance, 1 may do, and (God willing) I shall be ever ready and willing to do you the best service I can. The next Sessions are appointed to be holden at Wetherby upon Tuesday, the 9th of January next ; at Wakefield on Thursday, the 11th of the same month ; and on Tuesday after at Doncaster. Thus resting upon your Worship's good favour, I humbly take leave, &c., " W. Cart WRIGHT. "Newland, 26th December, 1615." The writer of this letter was appointed clerk of the peace for the West Riding about the year 1610. He is so described in the Heralds' Visitation of Yorkshire in 1612 (see Harl. MS., 11487), when he obtained a grant of arms. He married a daugh- ter of John Clay, of Clay- house, in Elland. John, his only son, a Feodary of the Honor of Pontefract, under the Duchy of Lancaster, bought the manor of North Wheatley, co. Notts, about 1623, and settled there. Newland, near Wakefield, is the I place from whence the above letter is dated. It was then the seat of Francis Bunny, Esq., who was Cartwright's son-in-law. 188 YORKSHIRE REPRESENTATIVES. Bame willingnes_, and will be mindfull of me to give me as good prefermentt upon any otlier occasion. '' My Lord : I am with all duty to receave and with all humble thankfallness to acknowledge his Majesties great favours hearin : both of his espetiall grace to take the consentt of his humblest subject, wher it might have pleased his Majestic absolutely to command, as. alsoe for soe princely a promise of other prefermentt : and itt wear indeed the greatest good happ unto me, if I had the means wherby his Majestic would be pleased to take notice how much I esteem myself bownd to his princely goodness for the same. " Wher your Lordship is informed that Sir Ihon yealded up his place of Gustos Rotulorum willingly unto me ; under favour, I have noe reason soe to con- ceave; for first, he had noe interest to yeald, and further, I imagin he would not have done the same willingly att all, wherof this his desiring it againe is a sufficientt argumentt. Butt, howsoever, voluntarily unto me I cannot be perswaded, both in respect he never acquainted me with this motion, which would have been done, had I been so much behoulden unto him as is pretended, and in regard I had then some reason to misdoubt (which I have since found) he was not soe well afiected towards me. '^ But if itt please your Lordship to be satisfied of the truth, you shall find Sir John brought into the Staire« Chamber for his passionate carriage upon the benche towards one of his fellow commissioners; upon a EXPLANATIONS. 189 motion in tliat Court for his contempts committed to the Fleet, and_, ujDon reading of an affidavit^, thought unfitt to be continued in the Commission of Peace, to which purpose my late Lord Chancelour gave his direction about the 3 of December shallbe tow years ; which Sir Ihon getting notice of, to give the better couUor to his displacing, writt some 3 dayes after to my Lord desiring his Lordship would be pleased to epaire his service in respect of his years ; wher indeed he was in effect out of the Commission before, by vertu of that direction : and so consequently ther was nothing in him to resigne, aither voluntarily or other wayes. This will partly appear by a coppy of Sir Ihon's letter, and my Lord^s answear under the same, which this bearer hath to shew your Lordship. " Presently hearupon itt pleased my Lord Chancelour, I being att that time in the cuntry, freely of himself to conferre that place upon me, and as his Lordship did fully assure me, without any motion made unto him, directly or indirectly, by any frend of mine whoe- soever. ^^ Being thus placed I have ever since, according to that poore talent God hath lentt me, applied myself, with all paines, dilligence, care, and sincerity to his Majesties service, both according to the common duty of a subject and the particular duty of my place, wherin if any man can charge me to the contrary, I wilbe ready to justifie my self. ^' Allbeitt I doe infinittly desire to doe his Majestie 190 YORKSHIRE REPRESENTATIVE S, Bervice^ I may truly say that I am free from ambition to desire places of imploymentt whereby ether his Majes- ties service might not be soe well perform ed^ or my owne ends better effected ; yet, my Lord_, to be re- moved without any misdeamenour, I trust, that can be alledged against me, the like I thinke hath not been heard of; but thatt Sir Ihon should supply the roome in my place, the worlde conceaving generally and I having felt experiencedly to be very little frendly towards me, itt might justly be taken as the greatest disgrace that could be done unto me, and being that which his Majestie never offered to Sir Ihon during all the time of his displeasure against him, I might well conceave his Majestie to be (to my greatest greef) highly offended with me by some indirect means of my adversaries . '' Thes reasons give me assurance in my hope that his Majestie out of his accustomed goo dues to all sort of persons willbe pleased to deale graciously with me, espetially when his Majestie shallbe informed of these reasons, which I humbly desire he may by your Lord- ship's good means, as alsoe if Sir Ihon be soe desirouse to doe his Majestie service (which is all our duties) he may doe itt as effectually, being Justice of Peace, as if he wear the Gustos Kotulorum. *^ Howsoever with all due reverence and observance shall I waite his Majesties best pleasure, and willingly and dutifully submitt myself to the same, yett humbly crave to be excused if, out of thes reasons, I say plainly SIE THOMAS WENTWOBTH, 191 as yett I finde noe willingnes in myself to yeald up my place to Sir Ilion Savill. ^' Tlius much am I bold to signifie to your Lordship to give you satisfaction_, which I doe very much desire, and withall to move your Lordship very humbly that ther may be noe further procedings hearin, till I attend your Lordship, which shallbe, God wilHng, with all convenient speed. *^ Lastly, my Lord, myself never having nourished a thought that might in any sortt draw your Lordship's hard conceitt towards me, I fully rely upon your Lord- ship's favour, in a matter of this nature, that soe deeply concerns my creditt in the cuntry whear I live, which makes me now therof the more sensible ; and shall give me just occasion still to indevour myself to doe you service, and beseeche God to bleese your Lordship with longe life and all happiness. '' Your Lordship's humbly to be commaunded, '^Th. Wentwoeth. ^' Gawthorp, this 15th of September 1617."* * The letter of which the above is a copy lias only quite re- cently been found amongst the papers of the Hon. G. M. Fortescue, of Dropmore, Maidenhead. The discovery of it and of other important papers in the same collection is owing to the labours of the Historical Manuscripts Commisssioners. Mr, S. Eawson Gardiner has since edited the Fortescue Papers for the Camden Society ; and to that edition the writer has to express his best acknowledgments for enabling him to make his story so much more complete. Another letter relating to the same subject from Thomas Savile, the third son of Sir John, and his sue- 392 YORKSHIRE REPRESENTATIVES. The last letter introduces us to one wlio was destined to play a far greater part in the affairs of England than Sir John Savile. The leading features of Sir Thomas Wentworth^s life are too much a matter of common history to need mention here. A brief account of his origin and early years will be suflSicient. He was the son and heir of Sir William Wentworth, of Wentworth Woodhouse, near Kotherham; his mother was the daughter of Kobert Ath:inson_, a lawyer^, at whose house in Chancery Lane, London, Thomas first saw the light. Little is known of his early years and education, beyond the fact that he spent some time at St. John's College, Cambridsre.* "o- ■cesser at Howley, better known in later life as Viscount Savile and Earl of Sussex, forms a part of the collection. It bears no date— a portion runs as follows : " For Sir Thomas Wentworth's allegations, I can saye no more then this, that if Mr. Bond, who was then my Lord Chaancelloures Secretarie and the messenger to me from his Lorde, do not justifie that my Lord was unwilling to put in anie to the place which my father had resigned, but whome he wished wel unto ; and therefore he de- sired me to name one, and I named Sir Thomas Wentworth : let me forfeit for ever my creditt with youre Lordship, which I would not doe for all Wentworth's estate. *' I could alledge my father hath beene in it this forty yeeres ^nd done the King continuall service ; I could allso alledge that his deservings to the King (setting aside the wrangling in the Parlament which you, my noble Lord, I hope have reconciled) would farr outweigh his. . . . The doing of this concernes me so much in my estate, as if your Lordship should give me two or three thousand pownd a yeare." * It is pleasant to notice that he was not forgetful of his ■college days, even towards the close of his active career. la 1639, when Dr. Beale and the Fellows of St. John's wrote him a letter of congratulation on his appointment as Lord-Lieutenant WENTWORTWS HOSPITALITY. 103 lie married^ before he was nineteen. Lady Margaret Clifford_, of tlie Cumberland family. Soon after mar- riage lie travelled abroad, having as his tutor and companion, Charles Greenwood, afterwards rector of 'rhornhill, who Avas long honoured with his friendship and confidence. On his return he lived at Wentworth, and occasionally at Gawthorpe. Between the period of Wentworth' s appointment as Custos Rotolorum and his appearance in a still more public character, he was noted for the most splendid hospitality. His ordinary household consisted of sixty- four j^ersons, and he was rarely without numerous guests. A household book is still extant, in which an account was entered of the provisions consumed daily, and of the arrival and departure of all strangers. The allusions to him in letters of his contemporaries amply testify to the consideration in which he was held as almost the leading gentleman of Yorkshire, and his friends regarded it as a matter of course that, when he Avas of sufficient age, he should take his seat as repre- sentative of the count}'" in parliament. of Ireland, he replied : "So mmdful I am of the ancient favours I received in that society of St. John's, whilst I was a student there, and so sensible of your present civility towards me, as \ may not, upon this invitation, pass by eitlier of them unac- knowledged. And, therefore, do here very heartily thank you, for renewing to me the sense of the one, and affording me tlie favour of the other. And in both these regards, shall be very apprehensive of any occasions wherein I may do any good oftices, either towards that house or yourselves," This extract has been taken from a note in Hartshorne's Book Rarities of the Unicerslfi/ of Camhridge, published in 1829. O 194 YOBKSHTBE BEPRESENTATIVEf^. Before endeayonrlng to describe tlie great Yorkshire- election contests in whicli Savile and Wentwortli fought so keenly for supremacy, we will give some account of another remarkable man of this period. Sir Arthur Ingram was not a Yorkshireman by birth ; he was a wealthy citizen of London,* who acquired large in- terest in the county by the purchase of various manors therein, amongst which may be mentioned those of Temple Newsome, Leeds, Kirkgate cum Holbecke, Altofts, Warmfield cum Heath, and Halifax. It was he who built the mansion at Temple Newsome, — an e^ddence to future generations of his splendour and magnificence. In March, 1612, he was appointed one- of the Secretaries of the Council of the North ; and about the same time undertook a large contract in< connection -with the alum works in the county, which he carried on for many years at but small profit to* * Lansdowne MS. 92, in the British Museum, contains a copy of a paper signed by the Eails of Cecil and Northampton, and Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, to the eifect that certain malicious and evil-disposed persons having spread abroad in derogation of the good name and credit of Arthur Ingram, of London, Esquire, that he hath lately obtained protection against his creditors, they, the undersigned, knowing from their positions, and places the falseness of the report, declare the same. It is added that the said Arthur Ingram hath also humbly desired it may thereby be likewise published to all persons that can claim any jusb debt, that if they will come on the following Saturday to his dwelling-house in "Fanchurch streete in Lon- don," they shall then and there receive full payment in ready money, Sec. The concluding sentence runs thus, " This malicious, bruit deserveth punishment being without other ground than to disgrace an understanding oflicer, a good citizen, and an honest man." The date of this paper is 19 Nov., Kill. SIR ARTHUR INGRAM. 195 himself.* When occupied with the affairs of the Northern Council^ ho lived principally in a large house in the Minster-yard at York. Some amusing court gossip from which we are about to quote, shows him to have been no favourite at court,, except with King James. The honour of knighthood was conferred upon him in the year 1613, and the king^s liking, no doubt, had its cause in the liberal nature and love of lavish expenditure for which Sir Arthur was noted, and which possibly led him often to place his purse at the ser\dce of our needy monarch. John Chamberlain writes to Sir Dudley Carleton, March 2nd, 1614-15 :— .... ^'1 had almost forgotten our greatest newes that on Saterday S"" Arthur Ingram was sworn coferer of the kinges household, which was caried so close that yt was not vented till the very instant, but the sodainnes did no way better the cause, but rather put all into such a combustion, that the * Harleian MS. 6115, which contains a few notes on the City of York, &c., has the following entry : "One Mr. Atherton began to practise the making of Alum about Gisborough in Yorkshire, with whom Sir John Bourcher, knt., did join. The king in the 4th year of his reign granted certain conditional letters patent to the Lord Sheffield, President of the North, Sir Thomas Challoner, Sir David Fowles, knts., and the said Sir John Bourcher, knt., for 21 years, for the sole making of alum in Yorkshire ; in 2 years' time they fl^ere 33,000L out of purse. They had new workmen out of Germany. Other letters patent •were granted for 31 years for all England, Scotland, and Ireland without conditions, and then were they out above 40,0©0?. and no alum made to benefit." Some further information on this subject will be found in Graves' History of Cleveland. 196 YORKSHIRE REPRESENTATIVES. officers of the greencloth excepted mainly against yt, and produced the kinges promise and hand to the contrarie, wherby he assured that those places shold passe orderly and in succession ; but say what they could he was sworne in the presence of the Lords Treasurer^ Admiral Chamberlain^ Knolles and Wotton, having agreed with old Sir Varney (Vernon) to resign his place to him in consideration of 1_,500L redy monie, 600/. a yeare during his life, and 2001. a yeare to his wife after his decease ; but the storme was not so soone pacified, for all the officers in court even to the blacke garde seemed to take yt to hart, that such an indignitie shold be offered, and such a scandalous fellow set over them as they paint him out to be, whereupon the green-cloth and some others pressed to the king and had audience, where they behaved themselves very boldly or rather malapertly toward some Lords/^ The king, we are told, gave them " goode words & gracious,^* but remembered none of his promises. The Queen and the Prince took their part, saying it was a pity that one man should bring such general discontent into the King's own house ; " but for all this," adds Chamberlain, "he was established in his place.'' Writing again on the 16th March, Chamberlain says, " Sir Arthur Ingram is in a sort cUsurgonne, for Sir Marmaduke Darrell is appointed to kepe the table and discharge the busines of the coferer, and he only to retain the name till Michaelmas that the accounts may be made up, and in the mean time order taken that he INGRAM SUPPLANTED, 197 may be reimboursed of sucli monies as he batli lawfully laide out or can cballenge in tbis cause/' On tbe 6tli April be writes, " Sir Artbur Ingram witb mucb ado is removed, and all bis brave furniture caried from tbe Court, tbere were many tricks and cunning passages used to kepe bim in, or at least to bave won time, but tbe bousbold was so mainly bent to bave bim out, and found so many goode frends tbat tbere was no abiding. '^ Under date of 7tb April, tbe same informant tells us tbat Ingram is yet very unwilling to tbrow up bis post, '^ now baving furnisbed bis lodging at court witb ricb hangings, bedding and silver vessell, on friday last be sent for bis diet, wbicb beeing refused bim by tbe officers, complained, and by tbe assistance of some great Lords prevayled tbus far tbat y t was to be allowed bim till this day, by tbe Kings owne appointment, wbo said be bad deserved better of bim tban to be sent away utterly discountenanced : tbe next weeke be is to go into Yorkesbire about tbe allam (alum) busines for tbe King, and at bis return be pretends to go to tbe Spa w for bis Ileal tb." . . . ^''yftbis busines of Ingram's bad not ben, I know not bow we sbold bave entertained ourselfes for tbis wbole monetb together, yt bath filled both court and citie witb dayly newes and discourse."* * For the following notes on Sir Artbur Ingram, Dr. Thomas Birch (Birch MS. 44G0 in the British Museum) is responsible. "He was a rich mercbant in London, and of an overgrown estate, purchased mucb, and his way was to pay the 'one half down fairly and fully, but the second half by a chancery bill, y' is, he would find some flaw, some incumbrance or other to 198 YORKSHIRE REPRESENTATIVES. A great variety of correspondence lias been preserved relating to the general election of 1620. It throws, of course, considerable light on the method of con- ducting elections in those days, so a few extracts from it will prove not uninteresting. Sir Henry Savile, of Methley, took a prominent part in it. He was the eldest son of Sir John Savile, Baron of the Exchequer, one of a family wholly distinct from the Saviles of Howley. Sir Henry was created a baronet in 1611. He was several times Vice-President of the North, and seems to have been a man held in universal esteem. He sat for Aldborough in the two previous parliaments of James, but feeling by no means secure there for a third election, wrote to Sir Thomas Wentworth for help in gaining a seat. Wentworth, in his reply, says, '^ I have written effectually to Mr. Secretary for a Burgess- ship for you at Eichmond ; but I will amongst them work out one, or I will miss far of my aim. So soon baulk the second payment, and so call the seller into and bold lihn in y^ Chancery. He often invited another person to dine with Lim, \v"=^ he always refused, at last Sir Arthur met with him, pressed him hard, but still he would not promise, Sir Arthur would needs know y° reason, * Why,' saith y*^ Gentleman, 'be- cause I will not sell my land,' w^^ he thought was the thing Sir Arthur aimed at in his repeated invitations. Afterwards Sir Arthur built an Almshouse and carrying Mr. Garbut (of Leeds, as I think 'twas he) to see it, would needs have his opinion of it, w*^*^ iho' he was loath to giv, yet being urged, he told him, it was too little, 'Why,' said Sir A., 'y® rooms are big enough, and it's in every man's choice what number he will admit.' 'However,' said Mr. G., 'it is too little to hold those y*- you have undone,' with which true and biting 'Reperte,' we may imagine how he was pleased." SIB GEORGE CALVERT. 199 ■as I Lear from Mr. Secretary, I will give furtlier certainty herein ; in the meantime methinks it were not amiss, if yon tried yonr ancient power with them at Aldborough, which I leave to your better consideration, and in the mean time not labour the less to make it sure for you elsewhere, if these clowns chance to fail you. The :vvi*it, as I hear, is this vv^eek gone to the Sheriff, so the next County Day, which must, without hope of altera- tion, be that of the Election, falls to be Christmas Day, which were to be wished otherwise ; but the discom- modity of our friends more upon that day than a7i other makes the favour the greater, our obligation the more, and therefore I hope they will the rather dispense with it. If the old knight should but endanger it, faith, we might be reputed men of small power and esteem in the country, but the truth is, I fear him not. If your health serve you, I shall wish your company at York, .and that yourself and friends would eat a Christmas Pie with me there, &c. IS^ov. 28, 1620/' Sir Thomas Wentworth had arranged to stand for the county with Sir George Calvert,* the Secretary of * Descended from a noble family in Flanders, and born at Kiplin in Yorkshire about 1582. In 1593 he entered as a Commoner of Trinity College, Oxford, and in 1597 took the degree of B.A. On his return from bis travels he became Secretary to Sir Robert Cecil, afterwards Earl of Salisbury. S.e v/as made one of the Principal Secretaries of State, 16th Feb., 1618-19, but resigned in 1624, frankly owning that he was be- come a Catholic. The King, however, who, in projecting an alliance with Spain, was suffering his vigilance against Papacy to sleep, created him in 1625 (by the name of Sir George •Calvert, of Danbywiske in Yorkshire, Knight) Baron Baltimore, 200 YORKSHIRE REPRESENTATIVES. State^ and was busy at tliis time writing to various influential friends and others, soliciting their support. To some he thought it necessary to hold out other in- ducements than those suggested by friendship alone. Thus he writes to Christopher Wandesford :* "And now, lest you should think me forgetful of that which concerns yourself, I hasten to let you know that I have got an absolute promise of my Lord Clifford f that if 1 be chosen knig'ht you sliall have a Burgess-ship (re served for me) at Appleby,, wherewith I must confess, I am not a little pleased, in regard we shall sit there, judge, and laugh together.^^ To Sir George Calvert, writing on Dec. 5, he says, ^' I find the Gentlemen of these parts generally ready to do you service. Sir Thomas Fairfax stirs not, but Sir John Savile by his CO. Loiigford. He was at that time member for the Univer- sity of Oxford. After the death of James he successively planted colonies in Newfoundland and Maryland. He died in 1632. A portrait of him, from the Duke of Devonshire's gallery in Bolton Abbey, was in the Leeds Exhibition of 1868. * Of Kirklington in Richmondshire, the son of Sir George Wandesford. He was born at Bishop Burton in 1592, and was educated at Clare Hall, Cambridge. He accompanied Went- worth to Ireland in 1 633 as Mastev of the Rolls. He became Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1640, when he was created Baron Mowbray and Viscount Castelcomer ; he died shortly after- wards, A portrait of him, in the possession of his descendant, the Rev. H. G. W. Comber, of Oswaldkirk, was exhibited at Leeds in 1868. t Henry, fifth and last Earl of Cumberland, born at Londes- borough in 1592, Wentwurth's brother-in-law. He died at York in 1643, after rendering active service to the King at the beginning of the Civil Wars. Two portraits of him, in the IDOSsessions respectively of the Duke of Devonshire and of Edward Akroyd, Esq., M.P., were exhibited at Leeds. SIB RICHAED BE A UMONT. 201 instruments exceeding busy^ intimating to tlie common sort under-liand, that yourself, being not resident in tlic country, cannot by law be cliosen ; and being liis Majesty^s Secretary and a stranger, are not safe to be trusted by tlie country ; but all tliis according to liis manner so closely and cunningly as if lie had no part tliereiu ; neither doth he as yet further declare liimself than that he will be at York the day of the election, and thus finding* he cannot work them from me, labours only to supplant you/' SiE Henry Sayile to Sir Eichard Beaumont * . . . ^^I am absolutely of opinion that Sir John (Savile) will not stande when ytt comes to the upshott ; but ys content to make the worlde believe he ^vill, to trye what the countrie will say or doe j but I thinke when he shall well understand his frendes' and neighbours' engagements, he will thinke ytt more wisedome and safetie for his reputation to goe to his grave with that honor the countrie hathe alreadie caste upon him, than to hazarde the losse of all att a farewell. Hallomshyre is made so firme to our partie, of my knowledge, as all his interest can make noe breache there. And att this sfe Of Whitley Hall, born in August, 1574, created a kniglit in 1603, and a baronet in 1027. He was the owner of Sandal Castle, and in October, 1017, petitioned the King for a grant of *' Hall Lathes, part of the manor of Sandal," to be impaled with his small park adjacent ; which petition was granted. Sir Richard was a Justice of the Peace, and a Treasurer for lame soldiers in the West Riding, 15 Jas. I. He was never married, and died in 1634. A portrait of him, belonging to H. E. Beaumont, Esq., M.P., was exhibited at Leeds in 1868. "202 YOEKSHIRE liEPEESENTATIVES. tyme, as the case standetli, Agbrig and Morley dis- tracted in tliemselfo can not make a Kniglit of the Shire. I would not have you soe curious to refuse a Burgeshipp of Lancashja-e,, for I niyselfe must be con- tented with one more remote, and out of our own countie : and I am soe well acquaynted with the scrupule, that in the Parliament house ytt makes neyther difference of matter or reputation, the best men in the kingdome servinge many tymes (without touch of creditt) for the obscurest places, and farthest from they re dwellings in the kingdome. ^'' Aldburgh playd the knave with me ; and trustinge to him I had lyke to hav gott noe place att all. " For Mr. Kaye, ytt ys not possible for him to waver: for I have his letter under his hand, of engagement, first to parson Greenwood and after to myselfe. But I expected to heare what my cozen of Langley -^ doth -< Sir Henry's father, Sir John Savile, Baron of the Ex- chequer, married a daughter of Robert Ramsden, of Longley, near Huddersfield, Esq., "William, grandson of Robert, and tlierefore Sir Henry's own cousin, held Longley at this time. He married Rosamond, daughter of Thomas Pilkington, of Bradley, Esq. To the subsidy levied in 1595 Wm. Ramsden, Esq., and John Ramsden, gent,, were the largest contributors in Almondbury — the former being assessed at 201. in lands, the latter at Gl. 8s. 4d. in lands. The manor of Huddersfield was purchased by William of the Queen, 30th August, 1599, as appears by an entry in the Docquet Book of that date. There was an in- quisition of his estates taken at Halifax on 28th August, 1623, shortly after his death, before Thomas Lovell, Esq., the Es- cheator for Yorkshire, and a jury. It was certified that " William Ramsden nuper de Longley Armiger " was seised of the manors of Saddleworth or Quicke, &c., formerly parcel of the possessions of the Priory of Kirklees ; of the manor of RICHMOND. 203 resolve ; who yf tie leave his blood for a matclie att cockinge I shall be sorie I am his kinesman^ whether it be the yonge or olde. Sir Tho. Wentworth hath gott a slippe of the ice on horseback^ which will make him keepe in a weeke or tenn days. Soe with my kynde remembrance to all our frendes with you, I rest '^ Tour assured loving cosen, ^^H. Savile* " 4 Dec, 1520." Christopher Pepper to Sir Henry Savile. " S^f — ^All respective compliments premised. Sol- amen miseris, §'c. It is both your happe and mine to be unworthily respected, you for your Burgeshipp at Aldbrough, I for my recordershipp heare, you where your former imployments had given iust cause to expect continuance, I where 20^^'* yeares service might have procured one halfe dayes Respitt for my presence and advise in the Election. For my appoined tyme of home-coming was knowne and by me observed yet the choyse was made and Indentures drawne the afternoone before. It was Sir Tho. Wharton^s predominant power with our Alderman seconded with earnest sol- Huildersfield, and all houses, buildings, lands, tenements, meadows, pastures, rents, reversions, hereditaments whatsoever belonging to the same ; of a capital messuage in the town of Almondbury called Longley Hal], - Council or the North. *' After our verie liartie commendations to yo'" good' L. and tlie rest, wee fynde by yo^ lettre of tlie 13*^ of September that you liave not been hable to do any tiling- for the compounding of the difference betwene tliose of the towne of Scarborough and M"" Edward Gate^ con- cerning the preiudice and liindrance w*^^^ those of the said towne do pretend to receyve by the markott established at Seymer, in respect of the absence of M'' Gate out of the contrey. And for that wee have also cause to thinke in regard of his like sudden departure lately also from London^ that he doth purposly absent himselfe to the end to avoyde that the matter may not {sic) receyve examynation. And hathe also lately as wee understand_, for further caution conveyed the estate and right of the said towne of Seymer to a very yong Sonne of his_, to have the more cuUor to excuse- hymselfe not to satisfy any order that should be taken therein ; wee have thought good upon the complaintes which have ben rendered in that behalfe unto us by the Inhabitants of the said towne of Scarborough to praie and req'' yo^ L. to take pre&ente order that the said markett be agayne suspended until M*" Gate shall attend us_, and satisfy us w*^ sufficient reasons against the same. And so we wishe yo'' L. and the rest heartelie well to fare. From the Court at Eichemond the 8^^ of October 1599.* * Additional MS. 28.223. HULL CONTRIBUTIONS. 275 The Mayor, &C.;, of Hull to the Privy Council. '^ Riglit Ho*" our verie humble duties remembred. By vertue of your LP^ letters frome Wliiteball tlie laste of Marcb last, we have called before us the subsidie meu, aud others supposed to be of abilitie withiu this Towue & the liberties thereof : And have moved theme to contribute towardes his Ma^ chardges in recoveringe the patrymonie of his children in Germanic. It may please your good LF^ to be advertised, that we have found theme verie willinge in all dutifull respect to yeild towards the same, manie of theme beyond their abilities, whose names with the sommes by theme given, amountinge in the whole to 132/. 6s. 2d., we have in a scedule or note hereinclosed made bold to return e unto your good LP', humblie craveinge your Ho" favourable acceptance of the same, and due consideration and comiseration of the sudden and great decay of this Towne, happenynge, as well by the generall decay of trade, as also by the late losse of many of our shipps & men at sea, and by the present pynchinge dearth with us, and all the countries herc^ abouts. Of which we have presumed to gyve notice to your good LP^; as also that Robert Legard of Anlabie within this countie, esquire, beingo Justice of peace in the Eastriddinge of Yorkshire, denieth ta contribute heare, alleadginge that he will paiy their where he is justice, and in Commission. And so dosyringe to knowe your LP' further pleasure to whome the monie should be paide, and craveinge 270 TOWNS AND THEIR TRADES. pardon for our boldnes herein, we humblie take our leaves. ^* Frorae Kingston upon Hull the 6th of June 1622. " Your LP^* humble at commaundement '^JosuA Hall maior Joseph Fetld Thomas Swan ** Thomas Eaikes, vie. Edw. Richardsonn Thomas Ferres John Preston.^' The Lord Mayor and Corporation op York to the Privy Council. " Maie it pleas your Honors to be advertised, that accordinge to your Lo^'^^ letters of the last of March to us directed, towchinge the yeildinge unto the kings most excellent Ma*^^^ A present supply of moneys by waie of A voluntarie contribution within the Cittie of York and liberties therof towards his highnes urgent occasyons for the recovery of the patrimony of his Ma"*"^ children in Germany, we at severall daies and tymes called before us all the Knights, Gentlemen, Subsidiemcn and all others of knowne Abillity within the saide Cittie and liberties therof, and used our best indevors to move them to ioyne cheerfully in the said contribution, which they willinglie yeilded unto accord- inge to ther abillities the names of whom with the sumes by them offered, togethers with our owne con- tribution we do humblie certefy to your Lo^^" in A YORK DECA YING. 277 schedule lierelnclosed, wliicli contribution, though it be not so much, as in our most loyall and affectionate dueties to his Ma^'^ we could wish it were, and cheer- fullie, and hartelie, condiscend unto, yet we hope his ma"® wilbe gratiouslie pleased to accept therof, beinge by your Lo^p' good meanes informed, as the truth is of the decayinge estate of this Cittie for want of commerce and tradeinge, the Artificers therin have- inge much Ado for to get bread to susteyne them and ther families in this tyme of scarcety of come and money the like wherof hath not fallen owt in the memory of man ; And further maie it please your Lo^P^ we have appointed James Boyes, of the Cittie of York, gentleman, to be collector of the said moneys and have given hym a schedule therof, accordinge to that which we herewith inclosed certefy to your Honors, and required hym spedely to collect and make payment therof. And so with our humble dueties and services to your Lo^^^ remembred we take our leaves and rest ever " Your Honors to be comaunded " EliasMicklethwayte* William Breakay maiorr WiLLM. Grenbuey Robt. Myers Thomas HoYLEf Jo: Vaux. ^^ Yorke this of June the 26*^ 1662/' * A merchant in York, twice Lord Mayor ; died about 1632. His descendants settled at Swine in Holderness. See Hunter's Soxdh Yorkshire, II., p. 253. t One of the leaders of the Puritan party in York. He was returned for the city in ] 628, Sir Thomas Savilo having been 273 TOWNS AND THEIR TRADES. The Mayor, &c., op York to the Privy Council. '*' Male it please your Honors to be advertized tliat your Lo^'P" letter of the 19*^ of October 1621 wee re- ceyved in tbe behalf of the Bakers of the Citie of York towchinge the grauntinge unto them such libertie and allowance in exercisinge of ther Trade that is allowed unto the Bakers of London and other corporate Towncs by force of A booke published in the late Queue Eliza- beth tyme by allowance or commaundement of some of the then Right honorable privy Counsell ; or ells to showe the reasons of our refusalls. Upon the receipt of your LoPP' saide letters we called diverse of the prin- cipal! Bakers before us. And upon conference did think tliat we had given them such satisfaction as that they should not have bene further troblesome to your Honors, yett perceiveing by your Lo^'^^ letters of the 23^^' of October last, that the saide Bakers have peti- tioned your Honors therein againe, which is done by the meanes of some turbulent and factious persons of the same companie, and some others ill-advisers therin as we have iust cause to conceive and therefore lium- blie pray your Honors pardons for our neglect in that we did not upon the receipt of your LoPP" first letters, give answere as we were required which was for the reason aforesaide. And nowe for the dischardge of our unseated on petition ; and succeeded Sir William Allanson as Lord Mayor in 1G34. He reaped the reward of bis atta< hment to the parliament by getting the office of Treasurer's Remem- brancer of the Exchequer, worth some 1,200Z. a year. On the first anniversary of the king's execution he committed suicide in his lodgings at Westminster. THE BAKERS OF YORK. 27a 'dueties and your Honoris satisfaction^, we offer tlies reasons and causes followinge why they should not have the same allowances. First for that in ancient Books ■& Registers of this Cittie it appeareth that the Citti- ^ens & Inhabitants in the same have bene served and furnished with bread not onely by the Bakers of this Oittie but by Countrie people and others commonly called bowle* Bakers, which bowle Bakers did give in everiepeny white lofe 6s. in weight, which is in everie peny lofe above thre ounces in weight more then the Bakers in this Cittie did give, or were to give by the Statute Lawes of this Realnie, thereupon the Bakers of this Cittie, (not) being able as they pretended to live upon ther occupations in regard that the countrie and bowle Bakers did give greater weight then the saide Bakers did give, petitioned in that behalf in the tyme of King Philip and Queue Marie, and therupon by the then Magistrates of this Cittie the saide Countrie and bowle Bakers were withdrawn, for that the Bakers 4jf this Cittie did undertake to furnish the Cittizens and inhabitants of this Cittie at the Markett Crosse in giveinge the same weight that the said Countrie and bowle Bakers did. And within some fewe yeres after they petitioned againe to the Magistrates of the saide Cittie, that they were not able to performe tlier agre- ment wherupon they had throne half of the Gs. weight iibated and were to add onely 3s. in weight to everie peny white lofe. And within a short tyme after that they againe compleyned and had throne half of the =i: Boulte bakers ? — i.e., bakers of sifted or boulted bread. 280 TOWNS AND THEIR TRADES. saide 3s. released and were to add onelie 18d. in weiglit over and above the assize to be given them by the- Statute Lawes of this Realme,* which they performed by the space of 40"*^ yeres. And nowe the saide Bakers in this Cittio perceiveinge that they onelie have the- benifitt of tht; saile of bread_, and not anie countrie or bowle Bakers of long tyme permitted^ and nowe quite^ owt of use, demaund allowance of Gs. in everie quarter of wheat accord inge to the said booke published in the late Queue Elizabeth tyme, which we the magis- trates of the Cittie have not thought mete to allowe them, in regard ther is nowe no other breade brought- to this Cittie by the countrie or bowle Bakers for the serveinge of the poore Artificers as was of auncisnt tyme used, and as is used in other Citties and Corpo-- rate Townes. And we demaund no further of them, but that they should bake ther bread of the assize, and accordinge to the Lawes of this Realm e without in- forcing them to make any further allowance accord- inge to ther saide former agrements, and to bringe the same to the Crosse on the markett daies as formerlio^ was used, which we hold, under your Lo^^'^ reformation verie reasonable and necessarie, knoweinge they maie- verie well afford so to doe, havoinge the sole saile and provision of bread for the Cittie, the saide bowle Bakers beinge by the meanes aforesaide quite discontinewed and after so long tyme not to be recontinewed. And we * One law in force at this time was that " No baker should sell his bread of less weight than the due assize, viz., propor- tionable to the price of corn in the market, as it is regulated by a printed assize-book, set out to that purpose." THE BAKERS OF YORK. 2SV further certefy unto your Lo^p' tliat we well knowo that the Bakers of this Citty do nowe live in as good and plentifuU sorte of ther saide occupation, as they have done at anie tyme within the memorie of man, and never had anie other allowance but as aforesaide ; and if' they should have anie allowance as they desire, it would prove verie preiudiciall to the poore of our Cittie, for that this Cittie is not served with bread at the Markett Crosse, as formerlie it was, and as other Cittie and Cor- porate Townes be. And moreover the saide Companie of Bakers have showed tl\emselve3 so remise and dis-- obedient in not bakeinge of mayn* bread beingo an Aun- cient mistery used in this Cittie and in no other Citties of this kingdome. Although his Ma"® did at his last beinge here give in chardge the continewance therof, which, without imposeinge of great fynes we cannot bringe them to the performance thereof, insomuch as the said misterie is in dainger to be lost ther beinge verie fewe Alive that can make it, and none traynedi up or taught in the makeinge thereof. All which we do humblie leave to your grave wisdome and iudg- ments and shall rest ever. "York, this 27'^ of November 1622. " Your Honors most humblie to be commanded "William Brearay, maior. . Egbert Askwith, William Grenbury, Robert Myers, Leonard Besser, Elias Micklethwaite, Thomas Agar, Chkistofer Dickinson, =^- Maint, mixed (?). )} ::282 TOWNS AND THEIR TRADES. The Mayor, &c., op Hull to the Pkivy Council. *^ Riglit Ho'' our verie humble duties remembred. " It may please your good LL^"* to be advertised, that by vcrtue of liis Ma*^ proclamation for puttinge in execution of certaine Orders, made by liis Ma*^'° to be observed for remedie of tlie dearth of Graine Ss -other victualls, and of your LL^** letters to us delyvered concernynge the same, We have preceded therein as followeth, namely; We called together a competent nomber of the most honest & meete persons of the three severall parishes lyinge within this countie,* and gave theme charge to enquire of the severall Articles mencioned in the said booke of Orders, who at the day fixed theme by us, returned to us their severall ^answeres in wrytingc. And we fynd by their said answeres, that in the same our Countie, which con- sisteth of three parishes. Their is not so much in Corno or grain {the same beinge for the most part barlie) as will serve to so we their landes and fynd their hows- hould people w^herewith they are chardged. And the presenters do also say, their are no Badgers, Brogers or Kydders f of corne within the same countie ; And * i.g. County of the Town of Kiiigston-iipon-Hull. By Char- ter granted by Heury VI. (1440), the jurisdiction of the town, then made a county, extended over many adjoining parishes, reaching from Garrison-side to westward of Swanland, being miles long and averaging 2 miles in breadth. — See Sheahan's Hiitory of Hull. + A variety of north-country expressions for hucksters or 48mall dealers. CORN IX HULL. 283 that tkeir are fower Bakers who bake at tlie most all -of theme not two quarters of cornc in the weeke ; And that their are in the same countie but three maultsters, and that their are noe buyers of corne on the grounde ; And that their are in all the said County neine Aile- brewers & Victuallers allowed, whome we have caused to enter recognizances with sureties for keping the Assices lymitted by the lawes, the saide booke of orders, and other usuall & necessaries poynts. '^ And as touchinge our procedings within this our JBorough or Towne of Kingston upon Hull, we make bold to signifie unto your good LL^' that we have not anie tillage nor corne or graine growinge in or about the same or the feildes neare adioinynge; But have at this present, in the hands of divers marchants & others, within this towne, by theme broughte frome beyond the seas, reasonable store of Rye and other graine to the quantitie of two thowsand quarters and above, for service of the Inhabitants heare, and the Countree, of which their is dailie some parts sould and delyvered oute, at such reasonable rates as they may be afforded, that is to say, whyto rye aboute o2s. the quarter. Black forraine Bye aboute oOs. the quarter, Barlie aboute 27s. the quarter, beanes about 24s. the quarter, and wheate aboute 3/. the quarter, of which last kynde of graine we have litle or none at all in our towne or countie; And their is likewise new supplyes made of Corne by such as doe often bringe in more to this port by shippinge. For Brewers tliej weare willinge to give. Since this theare bath beene three meetings for the countrey, and they have •come off verye freelye, and I dout nott but the rest will doe the like ; (iiff wee succeede well in one place) wheare as I am informed theare is some working un- -derhande, but I doe nott much dout the people. ^' I send your grace heare inclosed a lettei-* which wase sent mee by the maior off Hull ; they likewise in- forme mee, that iff they had some 12 peeces off ordi- .nance to laye one a forte, which they have lately beene att the charge to builde, itt would bee a greate meanes ito secuer theare towne upon any occasione. What di- rections I shall receive either in this perticulaer, or any other, which maye anye waye conduce to the advance- ment of his Ma*'°^ servise, I shall faithfullye see put in executione; till further occassione I will cease your .graces further trowble, and rest ^''Your graces faithfuU freend and servante '^Edm. Scroope. ''Yorkethis 25'^ of Februarye 1626-7. ^' To the duke of Buckingham his Grace this/' The following is the letter enclosed : — " Sir, I doe hereby give you notice of an eminent ^daunger your towne is to be beseiged this somer I * The one mentioned in the letter preceding this. 29G TOWNS AND THEIR TRADES, knowe not liowe soone it is thus agred by letters A great floto of small ships must come witli everie one- 40 land souldiers After some peales of ordinance half of them landed then the ships to bend there gunns against that side of your to^Tie y^ lyeth on the water and when that wall is bett downe to enter in the smoke and the other to enter at another place they will nether hurt fort nor house yf they can gett them other ways for they meane to kepe it and to furnish it with vittale munision and amunision for two year kepe this to your selves secretly for it is come a greate way to you in love and play the wyse men for evell is intended the lord feight for this yoore land. '^ To the lord mayor of Hull and his brethren this be delivered." At the foot of this letter is the following note : — " This letter was founde the 7*^'' daye of Februarie^ laite at nighty thrust under M'" Maiors foore doore,. (the dore beinge shutt) or had ben otherwise scattered^ in his entrie neare the doresteade at evenynge^ and so^ was taken upp laite, after the dore shutt in.'" * The Inhabitants of Leeds and Halifax to the Peivy Council. '' To the Eight Hon^^^ the Lords of his Ms}''' most Honorable Privie Counsell at the Counsell Board. " The humble petition of the Inhabitants of Leedes- and Hallifax and their precincts. " Maic it please your Honors, whereas wee have' =i- Domestic — Charles I., Vol. LV. LEEDS AND HALIFAX. 29'r received lettres from tliis Board dated the 24*^ day of March last past^ to take speedy and effectuall course to contribute with the Inhabitants of the Port of Hull according to former Presidents rateably towardes the charge of setting out three Shipps of~ the Burthen of 200 Tunns a peece for his Ma*^ service to be att Rendevous att Portsmouth the 20*^ daie of Maie next furnished as men of Warro and victualled for full foure monethes to be accounted from that tyme forward. Albeit wee are readie & willing in all humblenes & obedience to yeild and submitt to his Ma*^ Royall pleasure and command^ yet in regard of the charges of moneyes which lately wee have under- gone upon Privie scales, Loans of five Subsidies & setting forth of Souldiers (all which wee have done freely & chearefullie) as also the great stopp and stale of Yent (vend) of Cloth by transportation thereof we are att this present so much weakned as wee are no wayes able (though willing) to make that supplie & Aide which by your Honors' letters wee are enioyned, And also wee doubt not but to give good satisfaction to this Board both by presidents & reasons for our- discharge fi^om contributing T^atli the Port of Hull in such manner as by your Honors lettres wee are re- quired, AVhereof wee doe most humblie intreate your Honors consideration and that wee maie be admitted to shewe and alleadge the same before your Honors, Some of which reasons we have made bould to ex- presse in this our petition. 29S TOWNS AND THEIR TRADES. "I. That wee liave no more particular priviledge or profitt by way of Traffique by the Port of Hull_, then any other the remotest place in the Kingdome hath. *' 2. There is not that quantitie of Cloth, made in these three * Townes and precincts as is made in the severall and dispersed Townes and Villages about us. '^3. The Clothiers of the Countie Palatyne of Lancaster and the Myners of Darbyshire for Lead liave greater Commerce & Traffique att the Port of Hull than wee have. '^ 4. The vent of our Cloth, is aswell from London Newcastle Westchester and other Ports as from the Port of Hull. " 5. The most of the Inhabitants of these places tbat are of any abilitie are not Clothiers, but Gentlemen yeomen,, Farmers and men of other Trades and professions. *' 6. The Inhabitants of these places are alwaies upon any service ioyned with, and are members of the rest of the Countrie and never severed from them in any service whatsoever, Whereas the Port of Hull is of it selfe onely charged with Sea service and not with land service nor ever ioyned in contribution with the Countrie. *' For which reasons together with others not herein * Wakefield, Leeds, and Halifax stood in the original heading, Ijiit the first-named town appears to have been afterwards struck •out. WAKEFIELD. 299 expressed but readie to be shewed wben your Honors shall appointe. We most humblie beseech your Honors to take consideration of us, and that we may be freed from Contribution with the Port of Hull in such manner as by your Honors^ lettres is required, and that wee may contribute and be charged with the rest of the Countrie rateably as formerly we have beene accustomed to doe, And your petitioners as in duty they are bound shall dalie pray for your Honors in all health and happines long to contynue."'^ * The Inhabitants of Wakefield to the Privy Council. ^^ To the Right Honourable the Lords and others of his Majesty's most honourable privie Councell. "" The humble petition of the Inhabitants of the Towno of Wakefeild. * To this petition are attached about 400 signatures, of which the following are some of the most prominent : — George Hurtley ; John Crakanthorpe ; Thomas Wither ; Gabriell Bristowe ; William Marstonn ; John Ambler ; Chris- topher Addison ; Robert Clay, Vicarius Halifax; Nathaniell, Isacke, Thomas, & John Waterhouse ; John & Samuell Cloughe ; Eichard Pighells ; Richard Barrett ; J. Haworthe ; Edmund Tetlow ; Edmond BrearcHffe ; John Farrar (mark) ; Abrah. Sunderland ; Mathew SuttlifFe (mark) ; James Murgatroyd ; Richard Brooksbanke ; Michaell Fawthropp (mark) ; Robert Gledhill ; Robert Lyall ; Samuell Casson ; Joseph Hillary ; George Killingbeck ; James Levitt ; William Massie ; Richard Aldred ; John Burdsall ; Ranfe lies ; Roger Millthorpe ; James Pinckney ; William Fentonn ; Francis Cloudsley ; Joseph Farbanke ; William Earle ; William Bloomer ; William Powell ; Michaell Fawkiner ; Thomas Wcodrove ; Nicholas Edmondson ; Abraham & Josias Jenkinson ; Henry Roundell ; Marmaduke Lovell ; Tho. Yowle ; Will. Blande ; Edmond Hinde ; William Curtis ; John Thursby ; Stephen Ramonson ; Martin Milnes. 300 TOWNS AND THEIR TRADES. '^ Shewing : That^ having reccaved your honourable Lettres directed to y^""^ and others to contribute with the Port of Hull towardes the setting forth of 3 Shipps for his Majesty^s service, They doe most humbhe crave your honourable consideration therein for theis reasons following — " That there is not one person inhabiting in Wake- feild, or the precincts thereof that is a marchant, or that venteth any cloth at the Port of Hull, or any other comoditie there. ^^ That the Towne of Wakefeild is greatlie decaied, especyallie in the trade of Clothing And that, that smale quantitie of Cloth there made, is noe Sea ware, but sould to Drapers onlie. " Which reasons the Petitioners doe most humblie submitt to your honourable considerations, and for the truth thereof, theie doubt not but the right honourable Sir John Savile k^* can sufficientlie enforme your- honourable Lords, and accordinglie doe crave to be freed by your honours from y* contribution : For which the Petitioners shall (as dutie bindeth) dailie pray for your Honourable Lordships. &c.''^ f The Justices of the West RiDiNa to the Peivy Council. '^ May itt please your Lordshipps '^Accordinge to your Lordshipps directions by * Of Howley. t Domestic— Charles I., Vol. LXI. There are no names appende d to this petition. WEST BIDING CLOTHIERS. 301 your Letters of the 29"' of December last upon a petition witli reasons thereto annexed_, exhibited to your Lord- shipps by the Clothiers of the westridinge of Yorke- shire^ for the continuance of the hott presse Boards and papers as the same are nowe in use^ which wee re- <;eaved togeather with the saide Letters. Our Quarter Sessions fallinge out to be holden upon the 10^^ and 11'^'' dayes of this Instant January at Wakefeilde_, which nowe is the greatest markett and principal! place of resorte of all sorts of Clothiers Drapers and other Traffikers for Clcath in all theis parts.* Wee his Majesty^s Justices of peace of the saide westridd : whose names are underwritten did cause generall and publique notice to be given of the contents of the saide Letters unto the saide persons, as well in theire open Markett as att theire private houses and Lodg- ings. And therupon sundrie of them resortinge unto us, wee have both by our selves aparte, and togeather with them, considered, weighed and examined the saide petition and Reasons, which for any thinge that hath yett appeared unto us, are in all the parts thereof iust and true as the saide Clothiers have informed your Lordshipps. Butt for our further satisfaction and better discharge of our dutyes and service to his Majesty, your Lordshipps and the Countrie in this be- halfe, Wee caused both the saide Letters Petition and * This hardlj^ accords with the statement of their affairs made by the good people of Wakefield in the previous year, when petitioning to be relieved from the payment of ship- money. 302 TOWNS AND THEIR TRADES. Reasons to be publiquely and distinctly read in tlie open Cort of the saide Sessions there beinge then pre- sent a very great concorse of people both Clothiers drapers and others attendinge the same^ requiring© them to obiect what they or any of them coulde either against the use of the hott presse Boards and papers. as they were then generally practised^ or against the saide Reasons and allegations made to your Lord- shipps by the saide Clothiers. At which time w^ee did nott finde any one man to oppose the same^ but of the contrary a generall acclamation and concurrence of the voce of the whole Countrie with the said petition. iSTeither hath any man sithence either in publique or private offerred himselfe to any of us, againste the same. And wee doe further upon Ex- amination finde that the hott presse Boards and papers have bene very muche in use from the time of the mak- inge of the Lawes against them. And that the same- albeit they add some glosse to the Cloath yet the saide- Cloath beinge withall w^ell dressed is muche bettered therby, as well by the dryeinge shrinkinge Thickninge & fasteniDge of the same,, and layinge it even and smooth from Cocklinge* as by the Triall and betteringe of the dye therof . And we finde that by meanes of the quicke and readie dispatche of the pressinge of Cloathes with the said hott presse Boards and papers, the poore Clothiers doe pre23are and make readie theire * Mr, Banks suggests that this is the same as our local word cotteringj tliat is, hnoUing. WAKEFIELD SESSIONS. 303 Cloatlies mucli tlie sooner, Soe tliat thereby they double and treble tbeire returnes. And by occasion hereof Multitudes of families are sett on worke and manteyned, which if the same sholde be taken away should bee left without Imployment or meanes. The could presse nott beinge able in longe tyme to afford them that dis- patche which the hot presse will doe in short tyme. Lastly we finde the Information of the saide Clothiers against Wolridge to be true and therupon accordinge- to your Lordshipps saide directions have given order for stay of his proceedings upon the saide Informations until we receave further directions from your Lordshipps- And soe wee humbly take our leaves Restinge Att your Lordshipps Comaundment '' H. Savile* ElC. BEAU-MONTir KoBERT Clay;]: Jo : Kaye. § " Att our Generall Sessions at Wake- feilde the xi^^of January 1627-8/' || * Of Methley, of whom see the last chapter. t Of Whitley ; see p. 200. X Vicar of Halifax ; one of the Clay-house family. § Of Woodsome and Denby Grange. He escaped with a fine- of 500Z. for taking part with the King in the Civil Wars, "It appearinge that hee hath byn in Armes against the Parliament but for no long tyme. And that hee was one of the first Yorke- shire Gent, that came in : & hath taken the Cov^enant. And that his estate is no more then 500?. per ann. & charged with above 3000? debt." See Eoyalist Composition Papers, 1st Series, in the Record Ofiice. 11 Domestic —Charles I., Vol. XC. WAKEFIELD SESSIONS. 303 Cloatlies mucli the sooner, Soe that thereby they double and treble theire returnes, And by occasion hereof Multitudes of families are sett on worke and manteyned, which if the same sholde be taken away should bee left without Imployment or meanes. The could presse nott beinge able in longe tyme to afford them that dis- patche which the hot presse will doe in short tyme. Lastly we finde the Information of the saide Clothiers against Wolridge to be true and therupon accordinge- to your Lordshipps saide directions have given order for stay of his proceedings upon the saide Informations until we receave further directions from yourLordshipps- And soe wee humbly take our leaves Restingo Att your Lordshipps Comaundment '' H. Savile* RiC. BEAU-MONTir Egbert Clay J Jo: Kaye.^ " Att our Generall Sessions at Wake- feilde the xi^^of January 1627-8/' || * Of Methley, of whom see the last chapter. t Of Whitley ; see p. 200. X Vicar of Halifax ; one of the Clay-house family. § Of Woodsome and Denby Grange. He escaped with a fine- of 5001. for taking part with the King in the Civil Wars, "It appearinge that hee hath byn in Armes against the Parliament but for no long tyme. And that hee was one of the first Yorke- shire Gent, that came in : & hath taken the Cov^enant. And that his estate is no more then 500?. per ann. & charged with above 30001 debt." See Royalist Composition Papers, 1st Series, in the Record Ofiice. 11 Domestic— Charles I., Vol. XC. 304 TOWNS AND THEIR TRADES. " May itt please your good Lordsliipps tliat we wear nott preseute att tliis last Sessions by reason of our age and debillitye^ butt we have conferred witb some of tlic -siibstantilists tradsmen ; and tliey liould tlie reasons mentioned in tlie petion and exceedinge beliooffull for the Cuntrye. " Jas. Bltthman* Richard SuNDEELANc/^t The Clothiers op Leeds to the King. ^' To the Kinrfs most excellent Majesty. '" The humble petition of Robert Sympson and Christopher Jackson and many thousands of poore Clothiers of the Parish of Leeds in the County of York, " Sheweth^ That whereas it pleased your most •excellent Majesty by your Letters j^atents dated the 12 day of July in the 2'''^ yeare of your Ma^^ most happy Raigne to incorporate the said towne nnd parrish for the better increase of the Trade of Cloathing. And your highnes said Letters patents did give liberty and power to all the said Parrishioners and inhabitants to distinguish and devide themselves * Of Newlatlies, near Barnsley, Esq., who married for Lis first wife, Margaret, daughter of Thomas Wentworth, of Went- worth Woodhouse, Esq. He was a Justice of the Peace and Treasurer for lame soldiers in the West Riding, 9 James I. + Of Coley, and Highsunderland, near Halifax; was a Justice of the Peace and Treasurer for lame soldiers in the West Riding, 17 James I. His grandson Langdale was captain of a troop of horse in the service of King Charles. Langdale sold all his lands near Halifax, and bought the manor of Ackton, near Pontefract. LEEDS CORPORATION. 305 into guilds and fraternityes, not giving authority to the Aldermen and Assistants there to inforce or com- pell any to bee Cympanyes unlesse they willingly sub- mitted thereunto. Soe it is, may it please your most excellent Ma*^, that the present Alderman* (beeing an Attorney at the Common Lawe) and a few of the Cheife Burgesses for the increase of their own authority and for their owne gaine (as the petitioners conceave) and not for the good of Cloathing contrary to the goodwill and liking of most and of the best of the parrish (there beeing not the fortith part of the Clothiers that doe consent thereunto as the petitioners hope to make it appeare) endeavour to inforce the petitioners to bee a company and to submitt themselves to such Rules and constitutions as they shall please to * Leeds was incorporated by Charles I. in 1626. Sir John Savilo, of Howley, was th- first "Alderman," an office equiva- lent to that of Mayor, and the "^avile arms were adopted as the arms of the town. Amon^ the Harleian Manuscripts (No. 1,327) in the British Museum is a note of a petition presented by the inhabitants of Leeds "for the staying of a corporation, procured by some of the inhabitants for their town of Leeds." The petition sets forth that the inhabitants being many hundreds of people desire a stay of the C(^rporation lately procured by some of the ablest men of Leeds, for their own ends, in the name of the whole town, without the consent of the greater number, and to their prejudice, A reference of the matter is requested to Sir Thomas Wentworth, Sir Henry Savile, and Sir John Wood to examine the conveniency or inconveniency of the said grant. The ' Alderman' alluded to in the text as an attorney of the common law was Robert Benson, who was appointed clerk of the peace for the West Riding about the year 1637. He was ' outed thereof and fined 200Z. for his activity against the parliamentarians. 306 TOIVNS AND THEIR TRADES. make, to bee fined imprisoned and called from theire Labour at tbeire wills. "Your petitioners sbew tbat many of tbem dayly setting on worke above 40 poore people in tbeire trade, and tliat compelling tbem to come hitlier^ dwelling 150 miles hence^ tendetb much to tbeire impoverisbing and overtbrowe of tbeire trade. " And tberefore your petitioners bumbly pray tbat your Ma^^ would bee gratiously pleased to referre tbe examination as well of tbe consent and allowance of tbose wbome tbis busines dotb concerne as tbe con- sideration of tbe inconveniency of tbe tbing tbat is desired by tbe said Alderman and a few burgesses unto sucb Lords Knigbts and Gentlemen of tbe County of York as sball seeme best to your Ma^^ and wboe best understand tbe nature of Clotbing. ^^And your petitioners &c.'^ At tbe end of tbe petition is tbe followiug : — "At tbe Court at Wbiteball 21 Marcb 1628-9. '^His Ma^^ is gratiously pleased to referre tbis petition to tbe Lord President of tbe Nortb and tbe Councell tbere togeatber witb S^ Henry Savile and S"^ E/icbard Beaumont knigbts and Baronetts S"^ Jobu Ramsden knt.* Cbristopber Wainsford and Jobn Keyes ♦ Son of William Eamsden, of Longley, Esq., of whom see p. 202. Some accounts of the Constable family which are preserved tell us that Marmaduke Constable, son of Michael Constable, a younger son of Sir Robert, of Everingham, married Anne, a natural daughter of Anthony Besson of Byrom, and that he sold Byrom to Sir John Ramsden. He was Justice of THE JUSTICES OF PEACE. 307 Esquires or to any six, five or fower of tliem_, whereof the Lo. President to bee one ; whoe are to call the said Alderman and such of the Burgesses togeather with soe many of the poore petitioners as they shall thinke meete in this cause before them and upon due con- sideration of the petition and the reasons annexed, to settle some good course if they can for the remedying of such inconveniences as they shall finde cause for or otherwise to certefy his Ma*'^ of the truth of the matter togeather with the Ire opinions touching the same that such further order may bee taken as to iustice shall apperteyne. "Ea: Freeman.''* Sir John Gibson to the Privy Council. '^ Maie it please your Lo^p^ ^^ Whereas you weare pleased by your Letters dated the last of January 1630 (-1) to commaund me to deliver unto the Justices of Peace of the severall Divisions within Countie of Yorke, those books of orders and directions which I received from your Lo^^* concerning the same, and to appoint them severallie to devide themselves and to certifie unto your Lo^^^ such their e Divisions. In obedience to your Lo^^ directions, in the presence of both the Judges, in the Assize weeke in March last past (as I conceived the fittest time for discharge of that dutie) I read the Letters, and the Peace and Treasurer for lame soldiers in the West Eiding in the 7th year of the reign of King Charles I., and High Sheriff of Yorkshire in the 13th year of the said reign (remarkable for that at the summer assizes at York no prisoner was executed). 308 TOWNS AND THEIR TRADES. delivered the Instructions unto them I had received from your LoP^ Att what time they undertooke to devide themselves for the present execution of that service. The names of which Justices according to your commandment I present unto your Lo^" in a noato inclosed together with such letters and certificates, as I have received from some of them in discharge of their duties. *^ I received likewise from your Lo^^ letters dated the 2°*^ of Aprill 1631, referring to former letters directed to my Predecessor (whereof I had a coppie) comaunding the searching and certifying unto your Lo^* what pro\4sions of Come wee had within our Countie ; the seeing Marketts to be orderlio kept ; and to prevent forestallers, and excesse of makeing of Mault :: In performance of which comandment, I humblie present unto your Lo^^ such certiJ&cates for Corne as already I have received from the Justices of peace, and such as hereafter I shall receave (which I day lie expect),. I will with all speede and care returne unto your Lo^^ And soe I humbly take my leave. '^ Your Lo^^ most humble servant, " Jo : Gibson. ''April the 22^MG31.^' The Justices of the Peace in the Westriding ta whom the books of orders and directions mentioned in the above letter were given, were Sir Ferdinando Fairfax, knt., Sir Edward Osborne, Bart., Sir Henry^ HALIFAX. 309 '^ Gotherick, knt./'* Robert Rockley, Esquire. With this letter are enclosed the following reports : — 1. Refoet from Halifax. '^ Accordinge to his ma*" late proclamation to us, and other his ma*^ Justices of peace directed, for the superfluage of Corne and graine, remaininge and lyinge in the custodye and keepeinge of Riche men, and not brought forth into the open markett, wheirby the marketts is unfurnished,, the rates of Corne raised and exhoysted, and the poore theirby unreleived. And alsoe the multiplicitie of Alhouses now aboundinge in theise tymes beinge the greateste cause theirof. Soe accordinge to the tenure of his ma** said proclamation we have mett monthly and weekly for the said service. And for redresse theirof, we have cald the Constables of every townshipp and hamlett within the vicarage of Halifax before us, and apointed assistants with them for that service, who att s overall and all tymes hath duely and respectively searchd & examined everye man's barne, garner and stoore house for Corne, and they have certifyed unto us, that ours beinge a mountenouss Cuntry and hangs most by tradeinge and pore, that not Twentye amongst Twentye thousand have Corne more then is suflB.cient for sowinge of that litle ground they have, and for maintenance of theire famileys * Goodricke, of Ribston, knt., a Deputy- Lieutenant, Justice of the Peace,and Treasurer for lame soldiers, 9 James 1. > married Jane, daughter of Sir John Savile, of Methley. 310 TOWNS AND THEIR TRADES. wliicli now they have remaineing in theire houses^ And as for the Alelioiislceejpers we have siijpjprest the greater 2)arte or nmnher of them; Thus in discharge of our dutyes we thought good to Certifye thus much unto you^ And soe with our hartiest commendations ; we cease your further truble and ever rest, '^Your loveinge Trends to be comanded ^^Ja'- Blythman, RlCHAED SUNDEELAND, Jo: Faeeer* *^ HaKfax this 16*^ of January 1630-1." 2. Eepoet from Doncastee. ^' To the Eight wor^^ Sir John Gibson^ knighte liigh sheriffe of the County of Yorke. ^^ Wee whose names are subscribed the Maior and Justices of peace within the Burrough & soake of Don- caster aforesaid according to his Ma*^ Comand in his booke of Orders to us sent & delivered doe certefie as followeth. « John Fairer, whopurchased Ewwood, in the vicarage of Hali- fax, of his elder brother Henry, was a Justice of the Peace and Treasurer for lame soldiers in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the 14th year of King Charles. He married first Dorothy, daughter and heiress of Mr. Nicholas Hanson, of Eland, and secondly, Susan, daughter of Mr. Anthony Waterhouse, widow of Mr. William Fenay. Edward, one of his sons by the second marriage, became Fellow, and afterwards Master, of University College, Oxford. Henry Farrer, the uncle of John, purchased Clubcliffe in Methley of Sir Edward Dimocke, knt., and built a great part of that house. DONCASTEB. 311 '^ First wee have inquired wliat corne any man witliin our Libertie hath to spare over & above mentayninge of his familye & sowinge of his ground to bee sowne, and wee cause them to bringe weekly a proportionable rate therof to, our markett of Doncaster & some of us or all attend the markett every markett daie to see the markett supplied with Corne & the same to be sould in open markett by such quantitie, except in such cases as by his Ma*' booke of orders wee are directed, & the poore to bee first served. ^^ Item. Wee see that there be no ingrossers of Corne within our Libertie, nor that any buy Corne to sell againe without speciall licence. ^' Item. Wee looke to the Assize and weight of bread, & that bakers deale well with the poore, & that the Bakers make but a measurable profitt, & wee sufierr noe bakers brewers or badgers to buy, but in open markett & by speciall licence, & that twoe howers after full markett, *' Item. Wee suflferr noe unlicensed brewers or ale- housekeepers, & wee have noe comon brewers within our libertie other then alehouse keepers, whoe sell ale to tipplers or poore people by twoe gallons at most, or by gallons or quarts, wee give strict chardge both to the alehousekeepers to sell, & to the Constables to look to y t, that they sell not above a penny a quart, & wee doe our indeavors ourselves to see this done. '^ Item. Wee have restrayned divers in brueinge of mault & makeinge of malt. 312 TOWNS AND THEIR TRADES. "Item. "WTiere wee have found any to have in- grossed into theire hands Corne, wee have caused them to bringe a good proportion therof to i.he markett & sell the same seaven shillings in a quarter under the Markett to the poore by bushells & pecks & by noe greater quantities. '' Item. We take a course to sett poore people on worke that are able, & our impotent people wee re- leeve, & for that purpose wee have much inlarged our weekly assessment. " Item. Wee diligentlie ward for the Attachinge & punishinge of Vagabounds & have sent of late divers to the place of theire birth or habitation. " Item. Wee have noe millers whoe are buyers or sellers of Corne within our libertie, and wee see to the millers that they use all sorts of people well in grynde- inge of their Corne & takeinge of toll. " Item. Our markett is sufficientlie supplied with corne. "Item. The prices of Corne in our markett are these, viz*: Rye fyve shillings & fower pence the bushell, wheat six shillings the bushell, Pease, fower shillings & eight pence the bushell. Barley fower shil- lings & six pence the bushell, and malt fower shillings & six pence the bushell. " Item. Wee looke to yt accordinge to our direc- tions that alehouse keepers & tipplers doe nether suffer those, whoe they ought not, to drinke in theire houses, nor any at all on the saboath daie in tyme of dyvyne ALEHOUSES. 313 service, & likewise that tliey observe all those Orders, which wee are enioyned to take care for that they bee observed by alehouse keepers & wee punish accord- inge to the statute both the Alehouse keepers & tip- plers & those persons that wee fynde offendinge and .drinkeinge in theire houses. "" Dated at Doncaster 5 martii 1630-1. Brian Cooke,* maoir. WiLLM. Carver, William GAMBLE/^f * Son of Brian Cooke, of Sandal juxta Doncaster. Both father and son were concerned for the King in the Civil Wars, as appears by the following extract from the Royalist Composition Papers : " Bryan Cooke y*^ elder of Doncaster Alderman, & Bryan Cooke, his sonne. Their delinquency that they adhered unto and assisted y® forces raised against y« Parliament. Rendered in July 1644. Their estate in fee in possession 1088?. 2s. 2d., In good debts 1570?. ; for which their fine at a tenth is 2333?. But if they settle 100?. per ann. for maintenance of a preaching Minister there for ever, that is 100/. per ann with y® 12?. which is already paid, then y® fine remaines 1460/." A further statement of the Cookes' afi"airs, •dated in October, 1646, describes the elder one as 72 years old, infirm in body, and not to travel in order to make the usual declarations. He died in December, 1653. t ''William Gamble, of Doncaster, alderman," was also fined by the Parliament on his submission in October, 1646. He is declared to have assisted the King's forces when they were at Doncaster, but never to have left his own house. His property consisted of a house in Doncaster valued at 4?. per annum, and a farm in " Longe Sandall," held for a term of years from the Corporation of Doncaster at 403. rent and a " wayne Loade of Coales yeerely." The fine amounted to 25?. j 314 TOWNS AND THEIR TRADES. 3. Eepoet from Bradford. G. Cutler.* 1626.1 Endorsed May, 1626, From Yorke about Privie Seales. Sir Richard Beaumont to the Duke of Buckingham.^ {Domestic State Papers, Vol. 32.) My dearest Lord, — That this black Tempest and Confluence of Confounding malice cast upon youe by the passions of some people is past, I will ever thanke God, (Curst be the inventors)- and the same God grant the Kinge and youe a long life, who I heare graple in the Ocean of aifection, maye youe if it be his will, never unclaspe but like two Ivies (Integritie beinge the Oke) strive ever whoe shall hould hardest. Maye itt please your grace that youe will pardone the bould- nes of your servant who humblie sues for itt. And alsoe that for my sake youe will cast your eye of Honor and favour of my kinsman w^hoe carries my name, and is owner of the pretie neat shippe called the Golden Cock of London : but my Lord my humble suite is limited with this reservation noe further favour then he shall merit bravely : thus intending to wait on your * Proljably Sir Gervase Cutler, of Stainborough, knt., -who was a treasurer for lame soldiers for the West Pii • Thomas Harbart, ?> • Harbart, ,, widow Robert Myres, ,, William Grenbery, ?> • John Watson, }> • Eobert Broke, of All Hallows upon the Pavement, alderman Andrew Trew, of the same, alderman Richard Murton, Percivall Broke, Henry Hall, Percivall Levet, Bryan Briekhead John Waddesworth John Gibson, of St. Peter the little 50i:. 20L. 20?.. 20?.. 30?.. 50?.. 50?. 20?.- 20?. 20?.. 20?. 20?/ 201. 20?. 20?. 30?. 30?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. QUEEN'S LOAN, 1590. 373 John PloniGr, of St. Peter the little .... 201, Christopher Turner, of St. Mary in Castlegate , . . 20L John Towdale, ,, ,, ... 201. Roger Lee, doctor of Phisick of St. Dennys parish . . 201. Dorothy Cartmell, of the same 201, James Birkeby, Alderman of Christ's parish in Munckwarde 201. Thomas Wanton, of the same 20?. JohnWeddeU, „ 20L William Paicock, ,, 20?. James Mudd, „ 201. Thomas Wilson, of Trinities in Groodrongate . . . 201. William Eichardson, of St. Sampson's parish . . . 201. John Robinson, ,, ,, ... 20?. Laurance Meres, of St. Dell Pike . . . . . 20?. Jane Younge, of the same, widow oO?. Raphe Rokebye, „ esquire 20?. William Smythe, of St. Morrice parish .... 20?. Thomas Elwood, ,, ,, .... 20?. Robert Criplinge, of St. Mary in Lathropp . . .20?. George Munford, of St. Androwes .... 20?. Rye. Smyth^, of Alhallowes in Peysholme . . . 20?. Edward Stanhope, of Bowthom warde, esquire . . 30?. John Bennett, doctor of law, of the same . . . 20?. Edward Fawcett, of the same 20?. Henry Swinborne, ,, . . . . . . 20?. William Allan, „ 20?. William Calme, „ 20?. James Stock, ,, 20?. John Standeven, ,, . . . . . . 20?. Frauncis Killingbeck, ,, 20?. George Watson, ,, 20?. William Fcthergill, ,, 20?. William Hyldyarde, of St. Wilfrid's, esquire . . . 30?. John More, the younger, ,, „ ... 30?. James Cotterell, ,, 20?. Anthony Teale, ,,..... 20?. Henry Procter, . „ 20?. 374 APPENDIX E. John Loskay, of St. Wilfrid's .... EobertMan, pF"„ .... Rowland Fawcett, of St. Ellins in Staniegate . Oswolde Dente, ,, „ John Stevenson, ,, „ Tho. Jackson, Alderman of St. Olyves parish . Tho. Buskell, of St. Martens in Coni Streete . Katharine Colthrist, ,, „ widow John Parley, „ ,, George Kitchinge, ,, ,, Henry Pulleyiie, ,, „ Michael Pickeringe, ,, ,, John Bilbowe, ,, ,, Guy Netham, „ „ Ambrose Awne, „ ,, Thomas Harrison, of Mickleth Warde, alderman Raphe Richardson, alderman of the same George Terry, of the same .... Christopher Beckwith, of St. Johns at Owsebridgend Frauncys Bayne, „ „ Raphe Harte, ,, „ John Be we, „ „ Frauncys Wayde, „ „ Henry Banister, ,, John Race, of Bishopshill, thelder . Thomas Walter, of Trinities in Micklegate Henry Wilkinson, ,, Henry Holdesworth, of Alhalowes in North-street Robert Dawson, ,, William Fayrefax, of Bolton Percy, esquire Robert Snawsell, of Bilton, esquire George Twaythes, of Marston, esquire . Henry Fayrefax, of Bilborough Peter Newarke, of Acombe .... KINGSTON UPON HULL. Richard Reade, of Humber Warde Stephen Prestwood, ,, ... Edward Preston, „ ... 20Z. 202. 20?. 201, 201. 302. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 100?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 30?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 50?. 20?. 30?. 50?. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?. QUEEN'S LOAN, 1590. 375 CONTRIBUTIONS OP THE CLERGY. John Perse, Archbishop of York 200?. Thorneboroughe, Dean of York .... 501. Ramsden, Archdeacon of York .... 50?. Richard Remington, Archdeacon of the East Riding . 50?. Birde, Archdeacon of Cleveland. . . . 30?. • Louthe, Archdeacon of Nottingham . . , 40?. Christopher Gregory, Prebendary of Ampleford . . 30?. James Cock, Prebendary of Langtoft .... 30?. William Power, Prebendary of Ricall .... 30?. James Willford, Prebendary of Stillington . . . 30?. William Wilkinson, Prebendary of Fridaythorpe . . 20?. Edwyn Sandes, Prebendary of Wetwange . . . 30?. Lyndlay, Prebendary of Hustwayte . . . 20?, Prebendary of Bugthorpe . . . 20?. Miles Sandes, Prebendary of Wighton .... 20?. Reginald Tunstall, Prebendary of Knaresborough . . 50?. Griffin Biskyn, Prebendary of Osbaldwick (In first fruits and a poor man.) Edmond Bnnny, Prebendary of AVistowe . . . 30?. Binge, doctor, Prebendary of Strenshall . . 20?. '(A poor man.) Williams, Prebendary of Fenton . . . 20?. Richard Remington, Prebendary of North newbolde, quia antea. BuUeyn, doctor, Prebendary of Ulleskelfe, ,, Gibson, doctor, Precentor in the Church of York 40?, William Palmer, Chancellor in the Church of York . 50?. Henry Wright, Subdean of York 30?. Edmond Bonney, parson of Bolton Percy, nihil quia antea. Richard Batsone, parson of Birken .... 20?. Ramsden, parson of Spofourth, nihil quia antea. Alexander Fasett, vicar of Leeds, poor. William Power, parson of Elmett in Barwicke, nihil quia antea. Arthur Kaye, vicar of Doncaster, poor. parson of Sprotburghe . . - . 30?. parson of Baddesworth .... 20?. parson of the moiety of the Church of Dar- field 30?. 376 APPENDIX E. Leesam, doctor, vicar of Hallyfax . Edward Wliitakers, parson of Tliorneliill William Lawson, vicar of Rudby parson of Stokesley parson of Lythe Tompson, doctor, parson of Settrington John Barnes, parson of Siglestliorne parson of Baynton William Goodwyn, parson of Stangrave 201. 20L 20Z. 20?. 20?. 20?. 20?, INDEX. Abbaye, Alice, 152. Abbot, Maurice, 361. Aberford, 153. Acaster, Margaret, 154. Ackton, 304. Ackworth, 83, 84. Acomb, 250, 374. Acreth, Thomas, 150. Addison, Cliristoplier, 299. Addle, 353. Adwick le Street, 72. Agar, Thomas, 281. Aire river, 40. Akroyd, Edward, Esq., MP., 200. Akroyd, Thomas, 129. Aldborough, 198, 199, 202, 356-63. Aldburgh, Richard, 71, 362. Aldcorne, Tliomas, 150, 152 ; John and Elizabeth, 152. Aldred, Richard, 299. Aldwarke, 235. Alford, Lancelot and John, 358. Allan, William, 373. Allanson, Sir V/illiam, 278, 329. Allen, Isabel and William, 153. Allerton Bywater, 237. Allerton Malleverer, 69. Allott, Bartin, 208-12. AUman, John, 150. Almondbiiry, 72, 202, 203, 321-2. Altofts, 89, 92, 128-132, 194. Alured, Thomas, 356; John, 357. Alverthorpe, 247. Alwoodley, 238. Ambler, a priest, 54 ; J ohn,299. Ampleforth, 375. Amys, Thomas, 356. Andre^y, Thomas, 167. Anlaby, 70, Anne, Martin, 72 ; George, 180 ; Mr., 351. Appleby, 200. Appleton, Roger, 80. Appleyard, TlK)mas, 372. Ardsley, near Barnsley, 72. Ardsley, East, 247. Ardsley, West, 54, 247. Armin, 249. Armley, 72. Arthington, 72, 149. Arthington, Katherina, 149. Arthington, William, 72, 149, 153. Ashe, Christopher, 128. Ashhill, Thomas, 356. Ashley, Erancis, 355 ; John, 356. Ashton, Mr., 179. Aske, Robert, 67. Askern, 84. Askew, John, 358. Askham Bryan, 153. Askwith, Roger, 360 ; Robert, 281, 358, 372. Aslabie, Francis, 181. Atherton,Mr., 195. Athye, Cuthbert, 57, 60. Aubrey, Br , 139. Aughton, 67. Awne, Ambrose, 374. 378 INDEX. Babthorpe, Sir "William, G6, 354. Bachelor, Janet and William, 151. Bacon, Sir Nicholas, 5. Badsworth, 78, 83, 375. Baily, Mr., 330. Bainton, 376. Bales, Brian, 72. Banister, Henry, 374. Banks, Richard, 357. Banks, Mr. W. S., 44, 87, 302. Barden, 149. Barker, Margaret, 154. Barmby, 171. Barmby, Thomas, 84. Barmston, 64, 131. Barnaby, Thomas, 181. Barnard Castle, 31, 41, 47, 53. Barnburgh, 140. Barnby, 316. Barnes, John, Barnsley, 71,72, 318. Barrett, Richard, 299. • _. , Bartram, William, 171. Batley, 247. Battle, William, 290. Batson, Richard, 375. Bawtry, 40. Baxter, John, 92, 97. Bayne, Francis, 374. BeaghalJ, 72. Beaumont, H. R., Esq., M.P., 201. Beaumont, Richard, 69. Beaumont, Sir Richard, 201, 204-6, 214, 215, 218, 233, 303, 306,319,351-2. Beck with, Leonard and Alice, 372 ; Christopher, 374. Bedall, Thomas, 350. Beesley, Reginald, 354-5 ; Ed- ward and Bridget, 151. Beeston, 44, 234, 249. Beeston, Hugh, 359 ; Ralph, 234. Beilby, 208. Bell, a bailiff, 167. Bellasis, Sir William, 67 ; Sir Henry, 331, 345. Bellingham, Allan, 53. Belt, Sir William, 329. Bennett, John, 96; Dr., 373. Bennet, William and John, 359. Benningborough, 67. Benson, Henry, 362 ; Robert, 305. Bentley in Emley, 208. Berrie, Dr. Richard, 85. Berwick, 5, 11, 14, 17, 27. Besser, Leonard, 281. Besson, Anthony, 306. Best, Thomas, 362. Bettridge, Roger, 217. Beverley, 154, 321, 324. Beverley, John, 69. Bewe, John, 374. Beyne, John, 355. Bilbowe, John, 374. Bilham Grange, 208. Binge, Dr. , 375. Bird, Archdeacon, 375. Birdforth, 261. Birkby, James, 82, 83, 358. Birkhead, Martin, 44, 156-7,. 357. Birkin, 375. Birkwood, 132. Bishop Burton, 200. Biskyn, Griffin, 375. ^ Blackamore, 261. Blacktop, 54. Blades, Joseph, 284. Bladwin, Robert, 237. Bland, Sir Thomas, 247, 343;, William, 299. Blenkinsop, Henry, 180. Bloomer, William, 299. Blythman,Jasper,304,310,323. Bolton Abbey, 200. Bolton Percy, 375. Bolton, John, 150. Boroughbridge, 19, 27, 30, 32, 34, 69, 356-63. Bosvile, Ger>ase, 72. Bourcliier, Ralph, 67, 358 ; Sir John, 195, 370. Bowes, Sir George, 25, 31, 40, 41. 47, 53, 63 ; Robert, 41^ I 180, 356. ' Bowling, 68, 315. INDEX. 37^' Bowman, William, 152. Boyes, James, 277. Boynton, 70. Boynton, Francis. 98, 131 ; Thomas, 67, 98; Matthew, 98. Bracewell, 314. Bradford, 314-5, 323, 339. Bradford, Robert, 71, 82, 83. Bradley, 202. Braferton, Richard, 153. Brandsbiirton, 70. Brann, Anthony, 355. Branton, Stephen, 150. Brayton, 153. Brearay, William, 277, 281. Brearcliffe, Edmond, 299. Bretton, John and Frances, 153, 160. Brickhead, Brian, 372. Briggs, John and William, 322 ; Robert, 358. Brimley, William, 150. Bristowe, Gabriel, 299. Broadbelt, George, 238. Brockholes, 129. Brograve, John, 359. Broke, William, 142 ; Robert and Percival, 372. Brompton, 268. Brooke, Sir John, 211. Brooke, Robert, 357 ; Henry, 359 ; Christopher, 360-2. Brooksbank, Richard, 299. Broomhead, William, 129. Brotherton, 214. Bronghton, 71. Browne, John, 356. Bruce, Mr. John, 248. Buckingham, Duke of, 226, 229, 230, 240-2. Bugthorpe, 375. Bulkley, Sir Richard, 214. Bulleyn, Dr., 375. Bunny, Richard, 71, 357 ; Francis, 187 ; Edmund, 375. Burdsall, John, 299. Burgh, Roger, 67. Burley, 247. Burlington, 98. Burrows, Richard, 235. Burton Constable, 66. Burton, Robert, 322. Buskell, Thomas, 374. Byrom, 306, 369. Cade, James, 357. Ccesar, Sir Juliup, 344-8. Calder River, 74, 364-5. Calme, William, 373. Calton, 69. Calverley, 69, 149. Calverley, Mr., 53; Sir Thomas, 47 ; Walter, 69, 149 ; Anne, 149. Calvert, Sir George, 199-201, 204, 207-9. Cambridge, 53. Cambridge, Catherine Hall, 134. Cambridge, Clare HaU, 200. Cambridge, St. John's College, 134, 192, 193. Campion, 166. Camplyn, John, 171. Campsall, 153. Cantley, 129, 130. Carey, Edward, 15, 36, 38, 357. Carey, Henry, Lord Hunsdon, 27, 31. 34, 36, 41. Carey, Sir William, 27. Carlisle, 11. Carlton, 54, 58, 68, 70. Oarsvill, John, 361. Carter, Dr., 144. Cartmell, Dorothy, 373. Cartwright, William, 186, 187 ; John,' 187. Carver, William, 313. Casson, Samuel, 299. Castleford, 40. Caterick, Antony, 67, 180. Catton, 150. Cawood, 25, 32, 369. Cecil, Sir Robert, Earl of Salisbury, 132, 183, 199, 267. Cecil, Sir Thomas, Lord Burghley, 177-9. Cecil, Sir William, Lord Burghley, 7, 17, 20, 30, 33, 36, 38, 43, 46, 47, 73, 102, 117, 135, 139. 380 INDEX. Cecil, Sir Edward, 360. Cesawe by Topclitfe, 41. Challoiier, Sir Tiionias, 195, 355. Chamberlain, Leonard, 355. Channer, John, 154. Charter, Simon, 153. Cheke, Henry, 357. Cholmley, Henry, 1G3 ; Ralph, 355 ; Sir Richard, 67, 162, 356. Clarke, Thomas, 83. Clarkson, James, 357. Claxton, George, 93. Clay, Edward,129 ; John, 187 ; Robert, 299, 303. Clayton, Richard, 129. Clerke, Agnes and Christopher, 154. Cliffe, 70. Clifford, Sir Ingram, 68 ; Sir Francis, 360. Clifford, Lady Margaret, 193. Clifford, Lord Henry, 200, 207. Chfford, Mrs., 154. Clinton, Lord Admiral, 35, 36, 38-40, 41, 59. Clitheroe, Margaret and John, 151. Clitheroe, 205. Cloudsley, Francis, 299. Clough, John and Samuel, 299. Cobham, George, 355. Cockburn, William, 152. Cole, Anthony, 359. CoUingvvood, Cuthbert, 29. Colthrist, Catherine, 374. Comber, Rev. H. G. W., 200. Constable, — , 70 ; John, 68. Constable, Sir John, ijQ. Constable, Sir Marmaduke, 66. Constable, Marmaduke, 70,305 Constable, Sir Robert, 305, 354. Constable, Sir William, 227-8. Conway, Lord, 229. Conyers, Christopher, 180 ; Thomas, 181 ; William, 266, 361. Cook, Tristram, 355; Anthony, 360. Cooke, Alice and Ambrose, 152 ; Brian, 313. Cootes, Alexander, 167. Copley, Richard, 129 ; Edward, 322. Cornforth, John, 169, 172. Cosens, Dr., 330. Cotterell, James, 373. Cowling, Alice, Elizabeth, and John, 151. Cox, Samuel, 358. Coxwold, 71. Crakanthorpe, John, 299. Crathorne, 153. Crathorne, Bridget, 181. Crawforth, Cuthbert, 166, 167. Cripling, Robert, 373. Crofton, 78, 83, 84. Crompton, Thomas, 359. Crosby, Thomas, 84. Cumberford, Henry, 148, 150. Cumberland, Countess of, 149. Curtis, William, 299. Cuthbert, Richard, 355. Cutler, Sir Gervase, 351. Dakins, Arthur and George, 70. Dale, James, 358. Dalton, Roger, 71 ; Thomas, 355. Danby, 70. Danby, Sir Ohristoper, 44, 45, 52, 355 ; Richard. 181 ; Sir Thomas, 44, 67, 329. Danbywiske, 199. Darby, Walter, 95-98. Darby, Margaret and Thomas, 154. Darcy, George, Lord, 27, 28, 37, 39, 68, 94. Darcy, Thomas, Lord, 27. Darcy, Henry, 356. Darell, William, 71. Darley, Sir Richard, 233; John, 374. Darton, 83, 84. Davison, William, 358. Dawney, John, 357. Dawson, Robert, 374. Day, Christopher, 154. INDEX. 381 Denby Grcansje, 316-7. Dent, Oswald, 374. Denton, 225. Denton, Richard, 129. Desmond, Earl of, 102. Devonshire, Duke of, 200. Dewsbury, 247, 365. Dickinson, Christopher, 281. Dineley, Elizabeth and John, 151. Disney, Thomas, 356. Dodsworth, Simon, 71. Dolman, Thomas, 70. Doncaster, 27, 29, 33, 36, 37- 4], 72, m, 88, 89, 153, 154, 165, 310-3, 318, 321, 325, 336, 375. Draper, Thomas, 71. Dromanby, 71. Drypool, 153. Duffield North, 67. Dunsley, 169, 171. Durham, 27, 41, 42, 47. Durham, Alice and Richard, 152. Dutton, Richard and Henry, 167. Dyet, Mr., 329. Earle, William, 299. Ecclesfield, 235. Edmonds, John, 360. Edmondson, Nicholas, 299. Eglionby, Thomas, 357. Egton, 162. Eland, 323. Elderton, Edward, 354. Eliot, Sir John, 221-3. Elizabeth, Queen of England, 5, 6, 25, 33, 46, 48. Ellerker, Edward, 67, 357 ; Sir Ralph, 354 ; Elizabeth, 149. Ellis, Sir William, 233, 239, 329. Elmsall, North, 80. Eltofts, Edmand, 69; Chris- topher, 356. Elwes, Nicholas and Jane, 154. El wood, Thomas, 373. Eure, Lord, 67. Eure, Ralph, 167. Everingham, 66. Eynns, Thomas, 19, 354. Fairbourne, John, 129. Fairfax, Sir Ferdinando, 233, 307. Fairfax, Gabriel, 71. Fairfax, Henry, 167, 170. Fairfax, Sir Nicholas, 1 9, 354. Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 185, 200, 215, 221, 223, 225, 233, 239. Fairfax, Thomas, 58, 08. Fairfax, Sir William, 67. Fanshawe, Mr. Auditor, 206. Farbanke, Joseph, 299. Farlay, Robert, 153. Farnhill, 69. Farnley, 44. Farrar, John, 299. Farrer, John, 310, 322. Fasett, Alexander, 375. Faulkner, Michael, 299. Fawcett, Edward, 373 ; Row- land, 374. Fawthropp, Michael, 299. Featherstone, 83. Felkirk, 78, 83. Fenay, William, 309. Fenton, 375. Fenton, Richard, 154, 181 ; William, 299. Fernaby, Christopher, 171. Feme, John, 162, 167, 174, 175, 360. Feme, William, 165. Ferres, Thomas, 276, 284, 294. Ferrybridge, 7, 31, 32, 40, 58, 336. Field, Joseph, 276, 284, 294., Filey, 262, 268. Finch den, 247. Finningley, 72, 130. Fishe, WilUam, 358. Fisher, Sir Humphry, 355 ; Anthony, 359, Fislier, John, 266; William, 152, 266. Fitton, Sir Edward, 358. Fleming, Sir John, 54 ; Thomas, 357. Fleetwood, Sir Henry, 329. 382 INDEX. Foljambe, Sir Francis, 235, 3C2. Folkton, 70. Font, Nicholas, 357. Fortescue, Sir John, 170. Fortescue, Hon. G. M., 191. Foster, Agnes and John, 149 j Robert, 153. Fothergill, William, 373. Foulthorpe, John, 171. Fowles or Foulis, Sir David, 195, 252-5. Fox, Samuel, 359, Francis, Edward, 360. Frankland, William, 363. French, George, 235. Frickley, 72. Fridaythorpe, 375. Frobisher, Sir Martin, see Chapter IJ. Frobisher, Barnard, Edmund, Francis, Gregory, Johanna, Margaret and Richard, 89. Frobisher, Darby, 130. Frobisher, David, 89, 130. Frobisher, John, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 129-31. Frobisher, Peter, 89, 129-32. Frobisher, William, 72, 88. Fryston, 153. Fryston Hall, 255. Fulthorpe, Francis, 153. Gamble, William, 313. Garbut, Mr., 198. Gardiner, Mr. S. Rawson, 191. Gargrave, Sir Thomas, see Chapter I. Gargrave, Cotton, 17, 40, 82- 85 ; Mary, Prudence, Richard and Thomas, 85-87. Gascoigne, Richard, 69 ; John, 355 ; Sir William, 19 ; W^il- liam 72. Gate, Sir Henry, 19, 21, 24, 42, 63, 07, 266, 267, 271 ; Edward, 267, 269, 274; John, 170. Gawthorpe, 19, 193. Gayle, Thomas, 180 ; George, 354. Gee, Sir William, 331. Geldart, Janet, Percival and Richard, 151. Gibb, John, 360. Gibson, William,372; Dr., 375 ; Sir John, 307 ; John, 372. Gildersome, 247. Gilling, 67, 68. Gills, Katherine, 153. Girlington, Nicholas, 170. Gisborougli, 195. Gisburn, 149. Gledhill, Robert, 299. Godfrey, Anne, 152. Goldthorpe, Richard, 356. Goldwell, John, 356. Goodricke, Sir Henry, 309. Gouche, Robert, 354. Gower, Sir Edward, 154 ; Thomas, 68 ; Sir Thomas, 209, 329. Gow^thwaite, 89. Grant, Peter, 129. Graves, Hugh, 357 ; John, 359. Grays Inn, 9, 44. Greathead, Richard, 322. Green,Gabriel,58, 59 ; Thomas, 58. Greenwood, Charles, 193. Gregory, Christopher, 375. Grenbury, William, 277, 281, 372. Grevilie, Fulke, 357. Grice, Herry, 72. Grimston, 238. Gromond Abbey, 162-7, 174. Haigh Hall, 241, 247. Haldenby, Robert, 70. Hales, Charles, 169. Halifax, 202, 206, 249, 296-9, 304, 309-10, 323, 339, 376. Hall, Frances and George, 151 ; Joshua, 276 ; Henry, 359 ; Robert, 354 ; Ralph, 356. Halliday, Emot and Richard, 151. Hallifield, 71. Halliwell, John, 322. Hamerton, Jobn, 71. INDEX. 383 Hammond, Brian, 84 ; Rich- ard, 48 ; William, 69. Hamock, Edward, 359. Hampole, 72. Hansby, Sir Ralph, 214, 368. Harbart, Thomas, 372. Hardwick, West, 84. Harewood, 71. Harker, John, 170-3, Harland, Thomas, 154. Harleston, Raynold, 358. Harpham, 70. Harrison, Thomas, 129 ; John, 247, 363. Har swell, 70. Hart, Ralph, 374. Hartlepool, 40. Harvey, Francis, 358. Haselden Hall, 69. Hasey, William, 355. Hasilby, Ralph, 93 ; Francis, 167. Hatfield, 72. Hatfield, Gervase, 234. Haukswell, 70. Havercroft, 78, 84. Hawkhead, 134, Hawkswortb, 71. Hawks worth, William, 71,149; Rosamund, 149. Haworth, Elizabeth, 153 ; J., 299. Hazelwood, 71, 367. Headingley, 247. Healaugh, 149, 368. Healey, Francis, 154. Heath, 129, 130, 194, 213, 214, 238, 370. Hebden, Thomas, 154, Hedon, 321, 354-63. Hellifield, 71. Helperby, 25. Hemingborough, 67. Hemsworth, Francis and Jane, 153. Hemsworth, 4, 78,'83, 84, 237. Heptonstall, 248. Heslerton East, 150. Hewett, Anne and Margaret, 152 ; Sir John, 368. Hexliam, 41. Heythe, William, 356. Hickleton, 214. Hill, Simon, 137 ; Anno and Robert, 153. Hillary, Joseph, 299. Hillyard, Christopher, 67, 220, 233 ; William, 373. Hind, Edmund, 299. Hobby, Sir Thomas Posthu- mus, 163, 228, 359. Hodgson, Thomas, 167 ; John, 162-7, 181 ; Dr., 330. Hodroyd, 85. Hogeston, John, 354. Holbeck, 249. Holcroft, Sir Henry, 214. Holds worth, Henry, 374; John, 322, Holme, William, 355. Holmes, John, 72, 84, 355. Holmfirth, 208. Holtby, Anthony, 180. Hooton, AYilliam and Mary, 1.51. Hopton, Christopher, 72. Home, Francis, 323. Horsey, George, 358. Horsforth, 58, 59. Hotham, John, 67, 321. Houghton^ Lord, 255-6. Houghton', Great, 82, 255. Houghton, Little, 236. Howell, James, 363. Howley,198, 207, 228,247,353. Hoyle, Robert, 129 ; Thomas, 247, 277, 362. Huddersfield, 202, 203, 321-3. Hull, 7, 11 , 12, 22, 28, 31, 60, 94, 107, 150, 153, 164, 275-6, 282-9, 291-300, 321, 324, 354-63, 374. Hungate, William, 69. Hunmanby, 19, Hunt, Robert, 58. Huntingdon, Henry, Earl of, 62, 65, 165, 267. Huntington, 139, 149, 154, 249, Huntwick Grange, 237. Hurtley, George, 299. Hussey, John, 67. -384 INDEX. Hnsthwaite, 375, Hutton, Dean Matthew, 135-9 ; Richard, 204 ; Sir Thomas, 334. lies, Ralph, 299. Ingleby, David, 102, 164, 167, 178 ; John, 35, 71, 180 ; Sir William, 20, 68, 149 ; Lady Anne, 149. Ingram, Sir Arthnr, 194-8, 206, 226, 236, 246, 333, 337, 361-2; Sir William, 329, 369. Irby, Leonard, 59. Irwin, Lord, 87. Jackson, Sir John, 214, 215, 217, 343; Christopher, 304 ; Francis, 162, 247; Richard, 130; Thomas, 374; Mar- garet, 130. Jacques, Sir Roger, 363. James L, King, 195, 199, 213, 215. Jenkins, Sir Henry, 329, 360. Jobson, Sir William, 214 ; Walter, 355. Johnson, Henry, 167 ; William, 354. Johnson, Thomas, 153. Josne, Richard, 356. Kaye, John, 72, 233, 303, 316-7, 319, 321; Robert, 237 ; Arthur, 375. Keighley, Laurence, 71. Kelfield, 371. Kellington, 153. Kempe, Robert, 355. Kepwith, 70. Killingbeck, George, 247, 299 ; Francis, 373 ; Mr., 370. King, William, 93. Kinsley, 4, 11, 16, 84, 86. Kiplin, 199. Kippax, 87, 153, 247, 368. Kirby, South, 72. Kirkby, Edward, 290. Kirklees, 202. Kirklington, 67, 70, 200. Kirk man, Richard, 156. Kirkstall, 247, 367. Kitchenman, Agnes and Christopher, 153. Kitching, George, 374. Kiveton, 234. Knaresborne, Peter, 180. Knaresborough, 31, 32, 69, 355-03, 375. Knaresborough Castle, 20, 368. Knollys, Sir Francis, 17. Knottingley, 69. Lacy, Brian, 70 ; John, 71 ; Marmaduke, 70 ; Robert, 266; Thomas, 154; Wil- liam, 150, 156. Lambert, John, 69 ; Grace, . 181 ; William, 356. Lancashire, 248, 249. Langburgh, 67. Langdale, Jane, 150. Langtoft, 375. Langton, Elizabeth and Thomas, 152. Lascelles, Christopher, 355, 356. Lasingcroft, 69. Latimer, Lord, 67. Lawnder, Anne and John, 149. Lawson, William, 376. Laxton, Robert, 93. Layton, Thomas, 68. Leathley, 369. Leek, Richard, 173. Ledgard, Christopher, 70 ; Robert, 275. Ledston, 370. Ledsham, 370. Lee, Gervase, 357 ; Robert, 72, 84; D., 145; Dr. Roger, 373. Leeds, Sir Roger of, 54. Leeds, Thomas, 150, 157, 160, 180 ; Sir John, 368. Leeds, 40, 44, 52, 54, 56, 72, 194, 198, 200, 201, 213, 216, 249, 296-9, 304-7, 321, 375. Leicester, 39. INDEX. 385 Xieigli, Thomas, 53-5G, 354 ; ^Villialn, 54: ; iSir Ferdi- nando, 309. Leigh, George, 35G. Leighs of Middleton, 53. Leighton, Tlionias and John, 357. Lepton, Christopher, 70. Leventhorpe, 71. Levett, William, 2 ; Percival, 372. Levitt, James, 299. Lewknor, Thomas, 35G. Lightfoot, John and Mar- garet, 153. Lincoln, 35, 39, 324, 334. Lincoln's Inn, 47. Lincohishire, 248, 249. Lindley, 369. Lindley, Aver, 129 ; IS'ichoIas, 284. Linton, 70. Lister, Thomas, 59, 149 ; William, 09 ; John, 284, 359-03; Alice, 149; Sir WiUiam, 329 ; George, 359. Liversedge, 44, 54, 304. Lobley, Alice and Richard, 152. Lofthouse, 54. Lok, Michael, 90, 102-3, 108, 113, 110-8. Londesborough, 150, 200. Long, John, 355. Longiey, 202, 300. Loskay, John, 374. Louth, Archdeacon, 375. Lovell, Thomas, 202 ; Marnia- duke, 299. Lowther, tSir John, 233, 329. Lupset, 19. Lyall, Robert, 299. Lythe, Richard, 170-3. Mainwaring, William, 302 ; Philip, 301. Mallett, John, 150, 157. Mallory, Sir William, 68; William, 209, 233, 239, 357, 360-3 ; John, 359. Malton, 07. Manfield, 70. Mann, Robert, 374. Manstield, John, 359. Markentield, Thomas, 20, 20, 142. Mar ken field, 20, 26. Marshall, John, 171. Marston, 149, 371, 374. Marston, William, 299. Mary, Queen of England, 4, 5, 48. Mary, Queen of Scots, 17, 18, 23, 25, 29. Mashroder, Alice and John, 152. Mason, Thomas, 372. Massey, Robert, 355 ; William, 299. Mauleverer, Richard, 09, 179 ; Sir Thomas, 309. Melton, Sir John, 329. Mennell, Thomas, 180 ; Cuth- bert, 150. Meres, Mr., 03; Laurence, 373. Metcalf, Gilbert, 180; Alex- ander, 247. Metham, Sir Thomas, 143. Metham, Lady Edith, 143, 149. Methley, 198, 240, 303, 310, 320, 308. Micklethwaite, Ralph, 142 ; Richard, 208-12 ; Eiias, 277, 281; Mr., 371. Middleton, 53, 54, 309. Middleton, William, 177, 181 ; Sir Peter. 309. Midgley, John, 247. Midhope, 09. Milford, North and South, 368. AJillthorpe, Roger, 299, Milnes, — , 167 ; Martin, 299. Mirfield, 249. Mitton, 71, 149, 154, 335. Monckton, Christopher, 150. Monkfryston, 370. Monkroyd, 71, 371. Moore, George, 100 ; John, 357; Francis, 358; Mr., 370. More, Thomas and Mary, 149 ; Walter, 153 ; John, 373. C C 386 INDEX. Moreby, 369. Morley, 247. Morion, 67, 237. Mosley, Thomas, 359, 372. Moyser, Mr., 371. Mudd, James, 373. Mulgrave, 67. Mulgrave Castle, 174, 175. Mimfoid, George, 373, INIiiriiatroyd,, James. 237, 299. Murton, Richard, 372. Musgrave, Sir Simun, 68. Myers, Robert, 277, 281, 372. Nabnrne, 149. Napper, Edward, 355. Neil, Sir Paul, 363. Nelson, — , 177 ; Christopher, 72, 84; Martin, 167. Netham, Guy, 374. Netherdale, 89, 155. Nevile, Gervase, 84 ; Sir John, 48 ; Dorothy and Henry, 151 ; Francis, 363, 371. New all, 71. Newark, 39, 142, 216, 325. Newarke, Peter, 374. Newborongh, 67. Newcastle, 5, 11, 27, 28, 32, 39, 40, 47, 53, 92-7, 258. Newhall, 72. Newland, 71, 89. Newlathes, 304. Newton, ]71. Nicholls, John, 323. Nidd, 369. Niglitingale, Francis, 167. Norcliffe, Sir Thomas, 233. Norfolk, Duke of, 6, 23. Normanton, 2, 3, 89, 92, 129, 131. North, John, 354. Northallerton, 41. Northgate-head, 69. Northumberland, Earl of, 22- 25, 33, 55, 60-63. Norton Conyers, 26. Norton, George, 92 ; Richard, 26, 42; Maj., 363. Norwich, 324. Xostell, 4, 53, 57, 60, 64, m, 82, 85, 86, 368. Nun-Appleton, 368. Oakenshaw, 72. Oglethorpe, 370. Oglethorpe, Henry, 72, 150, 157, 160; Mr., 370. Osbaldvvick, 375. Osborne, Sir Edward, 234, 308, 319, 329, 363. Osgodby, 68. Ossett, 247. Oswaldkirk, 200. Otley, 71. Oulton, Henry of, 54. Oversall, John, 356. Overton, 370. Oxford, 211, 216, 229 ; Corp. Christi College, 213 ; Trinity College, 199 ; University Paler, William, 357 ; Mr., 371. Palmer, William, 375. Palmes, Brian, 149, 363; Francis, 358 ; Sir Guy, 369. Parkins, Christopher, 359. Parkinson, Francis, 150. Parlington, 369. Pattison, Matthew, 359. Peacock, Gregory, 142, 152, 357 ; John, 356 ; Matthew, 373 ; Robert, 151 ; Thomas, 167 ; William, 266, 373. Pennington, Sir William, 363. Penson, Christopher, 81. Pepper, Christopher, 204, 361 ; Cuthbert, 35y ; John, 357, 359. Percy, Edw^ard and Anne, 154 ; Allan, 154, 360 ; Sir Henry, 97; Mr., 370. Percivall, Richard, 360. Perkins, John, 359. Perse, Archbishop, 375. Pickering, Thomas, 180 ; Mr., 371 ; Michael, 374. Piahells, Richard, 299. Pirkmgton, Thomas, 202 ; Arthur, 234. INDEX. 387 Pinkney, James, 299. Place, John, 73. Plorner, John, 373. Plowhmd, 70. Plowman, Jane and Margaret, 152. Plumpton, 69, 369. Plumpton, Sir Edward, 3G9 ; William, 09. Pocklington, 70. Pooley, Edward, 357 ; Thomas, 355. Pontefract, 27, 31, 32, 37, 71, 72, 78, 213-16, 304, 320-7, 353, 368. Pontefract Castle, 22, 27, 33, 37, 40, 49, 52, 56, 325-7. Poppleton, 335, 309. Porter, Isabel and Peter, 151. Portington, Roger, 318, 350. Posket, Christopher, 107. Powell, William, 299. Power, William, 375. Pratt, Richard, 350. Preston, Edward, 374 ; Thomas, 358 ; John, 276, 284, 294. Prestwood, Stephen, 374. Probe, Peter, ;359. Procter, Henry, 373. Piidsey, — , 68 ; Elizabeth, 180. Pulleyne, Henry, 374. Pnrefoy, George, 358. Pye, Walter, 359. Race, John, 374. Radclifte, Thomas, Earl of Sussex, 18-20, 28, 30-35, 41. Radcliffe, Egremond, 28 ; Francis, 180 ; George, 205, 369 ; Katherine, 171, 180 ; Lady, 181 ; Roger, 68 ; Savile, 205-6 ; William, 172. Raikes, Thomas, 276. Ramonson, Stephen, 299. Ramsden, Robert and William, 202, 300, 343; Sir John, 202, 300, 315, 320, 303, 309 ; John, 284, 294. Randolph, Thomas, 84. Rastall, William, 353. Rawson, William and Agnes, 153. Rayne, Christopher, 152. Rayner, — , 150. Reade, Richard, 374. Redman, Matthew, 71 ; Mar- maduke, 100 ; Thomas, 171. Redness, 249. Remington, Richard, 375. Reresby, Thomas, 69 ; Sir George, 235. Ribston, 309, 309. Riccall, 375. Richardson, Edward, 270, 284, 294 ; Ralph,. 374 ; William, 373. Pdchmond, 32, 144, 145, 198, 203, 229, 321, 357-03. Ridley, Henry, 167 ; Simon and William, 171. Riggatt, Thomas, 108. Ripley, 20, 68, 71 , 149, 338. Ripon, 20, 20, 32, 41, 42, 44, 68, 89, 153, 154, 209, 289-90, 321, 335, 338, 354-63. Risby, 67. Rither, Mr. '0. Roane, Anthony, 357. Robinson, William, 357-8, 372 ; John, 373 ; Sir Wil- liam, 335. Rockley, Robert, 71, 236, 309, 319 ; Gervase, Thomas, and Francis, 236 ; Anne, 153. Rodes, Francis, 82, 83. Rogerthorpe, 237. Rokeby, Christopher, 67 ; Robert, 70 ; Ralph, 63, 84, 373. Roper, Lancelot, 284, 294, 362. Rose, Robert, 355. Ross, James, 171. Rotherham, (39, 317-19. Roth well, 53, 54, 58. Rothwell Haigh, 54, 367. Roundell, Henry, 299. Roundhay, 370. Rowse, William, 230. Roxby, 67. 388 IXDEX. Hudby, 370. Ruddall, John, 153. Jlustance, Thomas, 322. Eye, Edward, 94. Eyhill, 84, 3G4. Sad die worth, 202. Sadler, Sir Ralph, 3G, 41. Samsbiiry, Mr. W. Noel, 118. Saintquiiitin, Gabriel, 70. Saltonstall, Sir Richard, 237. Sancton, 150. Sandal, 72, 153, 201. Sandal, near Doncaster, 313. Sandal Castle, 15, 3G-38, 201, 364. Sands, Thomas, 82 ; Samuel, 358. Sandj-s, Pr. Edwin, Arch- bishop of York, 62, 63, 64, 133-9, 213. Sandys, Sir Edwin, 213, 375 : Edwin, jun., 361; Miles, 375. Santingley Grange, 84. Savile, George, 69, 358; Sir George, 358: Henry, 19, 234 ; Hugh, 48, 71 ; Thomas, 68, 84. Savile, Sir John, of Howlev, 182-92, 200, 206-12, 214, 215, 220-232, 240-3, 346-7, 359-62, 365. Savile, Sir John, of Methley, 198, 202, 214. Savile, Sir Henry, of Thorn- hill, 182. Savile, Sir Henry, of IMethley, 198, 199, 219, 233, 239, 244- 246, 303, 305, 306, 315, 319- 20, 343-9, 360, 368. Savile, Sir Thomas, 191, 214, 215, 277, 349 50, 352-3, 361. Savile, Sir William, 245, 363. Saxham, 68. Saxton, 69, 369. Saxton, William, 129. Sayer, John, 67, 180. Scarborough, 67, 94-6, 98, 257- 274, 321, 354-63. Scarcroft, 370. Scarthingwell, 69, 370. Scawsby, 235. Scott, Richard, 236 ; John,. 357; Dr., 331; Edmund, 361. Scotton, 370. Scriven, 20, 69, 207, 369. Scrooby, 40, 325. Scrope, Emmanuel, Lord, 215. 230, 232, 294-5. Scrope, Henry, 70, 181 ; Mar- garet, 180 ; Ralph, 355. Scruton, 67. Scudamore, Mr., 180. Seacroft, 213, 238, 368. Seamer, 19, 67, 267-274. Seaton Ross, 235. Seeker, Edward, 129. Selby, 32, 69, 367. Selwyn, Thomas, 359. Settrington, 376. Shafton, 364. Shakerley, Robert, 354-5. Sharleston, 370. Sheffield, 10, 216, 317-19. Sheffield, Edmund, Lord, 174,, 175, 183 ; Sir William, 361. Shellitoe, George, 213, 219, 238, 361. Shemell, William, 322. Sherburn, 41, 69, 268, 368. Shibden, 364. Shrewsbury, Francis, Earl of, 7. Shrewsbury, George, Earl of, 15, 18, 68. Sidgwick, Dr., 144. Sigglesthorne, 376. Silvester, Margaret, 153. Simpson, William, 247; Alice, 154 ; Robert, 304. Sisson, James, 168-173. Skinner, Vincent, 359. Skipton, 69. Skircoat, 234. Slingsby, Francis, 20, 69, 357^ 359 ; Sir Henrv, 207, 360-3, 369; Sir William, 359-60, 368. Smethley, Anthony, 70. Smith, William and John, 358; IXJJEX. 389- Smithson. Trynion, 1G7. Sniytli, Richard, 1G7, 373 ; William, 373 ; Bernard, 284, 294. Snaith, 68, 108. Snape, 67. Snapethorpe, 1. Snawsell, Robert, 371, 374. Soothill, 365. Sotheby, Robert, 70 ; Marma- dnke, 372. Southwell, 139, 235. Spencer, William, 357-8. Spofforth, 368, 374. Sprotborough, 154, 236, 375. Sproxton, Kichard, 129. Stable, William, 237. Stainton, 235. Standeven, Mr. , 95 ; John, 373. Stangrave, 375. Stanhope, Sir Edward, 233, 238, 359, 368 ; John, 358 ; Edward, 359, 373; Mr., 371. Stanley, 71, 82, 234. Stanley, Pierce, 72 ; Henry, 362. Stanoy, Dr., 330. Stapleton, Brian, 69 ; Sir Richard, 68 ; Sir Robert, 71, 137, 139, 357 ; Robert, 35, 363; Sir Philip, 363; Mr., 370. Steel, Edward, 153. Steeton, 71, 368-9. ^ Stevenson, Francis, 236 ; Geoffrey, 150 ; John, 374. Stillingfleet, 371. Stillington, Mr., 371. Stillington, 375. Stittenham, 68, 154. Stock, James, 373. Stockdale, Alexander, 354-5 ; Mr., 371. Stockeld, 369. Stokesley, 70, 171, 375. Storey, John, 322. Storthes, Thomas, 84. Strensall, 375. Strickland, William, 70, 350-7. Stringer, Mr., 370. Studley, 68. Sturton, 370. Sunderland, Abraham, 299 ; Richard, 304, 310, 315, 323. Sutcliffe, Matthew, 299. Sutton uiDon Derwent, 19, 25, 67. Sutton in Galtres, 154, Sutton, Thomas, 9; Katherine, 181. Swaine, Ralph, 360. Swales, Mr., 371. Swan, Thomas, 276, 284, 294. Swift, Sir Edward, 360. Swillington, 40, 09, 368. Swinborne, Henry, 373. Swindon, 369. Swine, 277. 208, 226, 238, 336. Talbot, John, 180 ; Richard, 180. Talboys, Anthony, 356. Tarn worth, Christopher, 356. Tankard, Richard, 170-3 ; William, 19, 63, 69, 355; Sir Richard, 369 ; Mr., 370. Tattersall, Edmund, 54. Taylford, Richard, 167 ; Giles, 153. Taylor, Agnes and John, 151 ; Margaret, 151, 153 ; Thomas, 83, 151, 163; William, 129, 266 ; Giles, 153. Teale, Anthony, 373. Tempest, Henry, 71 ; Sir John, 15 ; Sir Richard, 15, 233 ; Thomas, 84, 357 ; Richard, 68, 84, 315; Mr. ,371 Temple, John, 355. Temple, Newsome, 194. Tenny, Robert and Janet, 153. Terry, Michael, 150 ; George, 374. Teske, Edward and Anne, 151. Tessymond, William, 150-1. Tetlow, Edmund, 299. Thacker, John, 354-5. Thackeray, — , 154; Thomas,, 284, 294. 390 INDEX. Thirsk, 144, 354-63. Thomas, Abraham, 323. Thomi^son, widow, 238 ; George, 2G6 ; William, 3G1. Thornboroiigh, John, 359; Sir Benj. , 369 ; Dean, 375. Thornhill, 193, 239, 245. Thornhill, Brian of, 54. Thornton in Craven, 69. Thornton W atlas, 71. Thornton, John, 355-7. Thrackeston, Kichard, 360. Thribergh, 69, 235. Thrnffecrosse, Mr., 330. Thuresby, Mrs. , 181; John, 299 Thwaites, Margaret and John, 149; Mr., 371; George, 374. Thwenge, Mr., 95; Isabel, 149 ; Katherine, 150 ; In- gram, 160. Tickhill, 317-19. Tickhill Castle, 214. Tilsley, Sir Thomas, 329. Tindall, Henry, 214 ; Mr. , 370. Tinsley, 235. Tocketts, Eoger, 67, 150, 157, 160. Todmorden, 205, 206. Tompson, Dr., 376. Toner, 371. Topcliffe, 25, 32, 42, 335. Topcliffe, Richard, 357. Topham, Mr., 371. Toulston, 368. Tregonwell, Sir John, 355. Trewe, Andrew, 358, 372. Trigott, Bartholomew, 72. Truslowe, John, 358. Tunstall, Reginald, 375. Turner, Christopher, 373. Tuson, William, 153. Tiixford, 40. Twistleton, Sir George, 368. Tynemouth, 97. Ulleskelf, 375. Upton, 78, 84, 237. Usher, Matthew, 83 ; Robert, 84. Ustanson, William, 150. Uvedale, Avery, 70. Vane, Henry, 363. Vaughan, Francis, 13]. Vaughan, John, 19, 21, 24, 32, 63, 67. Vaiix, John, 277. Vavasour, — , 71 ; John, 68 ; Peter, 67 ; Thomas, 145, 150, 360; Dorothy, 151; William, 72, 366-7; Sir William, 354, 369; Sir Walter, 368 9. Viccars, William, 235. Wade, Benjamin, 247 ; Wil- liam, 358 ; Francis, 374. Wadsworth, John, 372. Wadworth, 235. W^akefield, 1-4, 15, 19, 33, 36, 37, 38, 44, 48, 54, 69, 71, 72, 78, 81, 84-6, 128, 216, 247, 299-303, 315-17, 319- 22 Wakefield Old Park, Survey of, 73. Wakefield, Edward, 358. Walker, Oliver, 150. Walmsley, Sir Thomas, 205, 369. Walshford, 366. ^ Walter, Robert, 372"; Thomas, 374. Walton, 9, 68, 69, 216, 364. , Walworth, Peter, 154. Wandesford, Christopher Francis, 67 ; Christopher, 200, 227, 306, 361-3 ; Sir George, 200 ; Michael, 70 ; John, 361. W^anton, Thomas, 373. Ward, George, 237. Warmfield, 194. Warter upon the Wold, 149. Warwick, Earl of, 4, 35, 38, 41. Warwick, Ralph, 290. Washington, James, 72, 84. Waterhouse, Robert, 358 ; David, 358 ; Nathaniel, Isaac, Thomas, and John, 299 ; Anthony, 310. INDEX. 391 Waterton, Creorge, 84 ; Robert, 9; Thomas, 69, 83, lGO-1, 355, 357, 364. Watkmson, James, 284, 294, 362. Watson, Christopher and Ralph, 153 ; George, 373 ; John, 372. VVayne, Richard, 153. "Webster, Katherine, 154. "Weddell, Anne, 150 ; John, 150, 373. Welburn, 68. "Wentworth, Hector, 80 ; Hugh, 84; Sir John, 80; Thomas, 69, 81, 304; Sir William, 192 ; Sir George, 216, 363. Wentworth, Sir Thomas, after- wards Earl of Stratford, 192- 193, 203, 206-12, 214-34, 305, 360-2. Wentworth Woodhoiise, 69, 193, 208, 229, 256, 304. West, Anne, 149 ; Jane, 151. Westerton, 54. Westmoreland, Earl of, 22, 25, 33. Weston, 68, 72. Wetherby, 30-34, 41, 42, 69, 366. Wethered, George, 301. Wetwang, 375. Wlialey, Ralph, 100-2. Whalley, Richard, 9, 354, 359. Wharton, Sir Thomas, 355-6 ; Michael, 358, 363 ; Lady, 149 ; Lord, 368. Whitakers, 376. Whitbv, 68, 162, 367, 171, 174, 261. W^hite, Richard, 355. Whitmore, William, 348. Whitley, 69, 201, 303. Whittingham, Tmiothy, 129, 300. Whitwood, 130. Whixley, 369. Wickham, Dr., 330. Widdrington, Sir Thomas, 368. Wigan, Agnes, 153. Wighiil, 69, 71, 370. Wigton, 375. Wilberforce, Joan, 154. Wild on, Katherine and John, 152. Wilkinson, Oswald, 141-2; Gregory, Agnes, Janet and Elizabeth, 152 ; Peter, 142 ; William, 154, 375 ; Henry, 374 ; Thomas, 323. Willford, James, 375. William, Leonard, 358-9. Williams, — , 375, Williamson, Kobert, 150 ; John, 152; Thomas, 266. Willis, Simon, 359. Wilson, Thomas, 373 ; Mr. , 370. Wilstrop, Lad/ Anne, 149. Winestead, 67- Wingfield, Anthony, 359. Winterset, 84. Wistow, 375. Witham, Peter and Anthony, 180. Wither, Thomas, 299. Wolstenhoime, Sir John, 368. Wombwell, 54, 72. Womb well, Thomas, 78 ; William, 72. Womersley, 72. W ood, Sir John, 234, 305, 369 ; Thomas, 234. Wood, Grace, William,. Agnes, and Thomas, 152 ; William, Woodhall, 369. Woodkirk, 365. Woodrove or Woodruffe, Frcincis, 69 ; George, 84 ; William, 9 ; Thomas, 9, 54, 299. Woodsome, 72, 237, 303. W^oolf, Nicholas, 266. Woolley, 9, 54, 69, 216, 364, 369. Worksall, 67. Wormeley, Thomas, 236. Wors bo rough, 153. Wortley, 68, 216. a92 INDEX. GO; Sir Wortley, Francis, G8 ; Sir Francis, 21G, 217, 228, 236, 350. Wothersome, 370. Wragby, 77, 78, 83, 237. Wray, Mr. Serjeant, Christopher, 355-G ; William, 235. AVrenthorpe, 71, 83, 84. Wright, Robert, 70 ; William, 152; Emot,154; Henry, 375. Wrote, Robert, 358. Wyclyff, Francis and William, 68. Wylsthorpe, Sir Oswald, 71. Wyvill, Christopher, 68 ; Marmaduke, 355, 357, 359. Yoman, Isabel, 152. Yonger, Thomas, 93. York, 3, 4, 10, 11-37, 19, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 32-7, 39, 41, 46, 47, 50, 51, 57, 61-3, 95, 96, 107, 133-9, 149, 151-4, 156, 158, 162-4, 195, 200, 208, 210, 2] 6, 226, 233, 242, 244-51, 276-81, 285-9, 3£1, 327-38, 354-63, 372-6. Yorke, Sir John, John, Peter and Sir Richard, 80, 90; Gabriel, 109. Young, Jane, 373. Yowdale, John, 373. Yowle, John, 299, ^ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY BERKELEY Return to desk from which borrowed. This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. - 2]Mar'52CJ JUNS 195: ^?0ct>S2fi ,^^hv mv 9f '/Dec'52VW (pt- < Dr -J Ui z O >0 Of iii Q Zx o > z 3 )476 U.C.BERKELEY LIBRARIES CDSElfl3MMS ^ mm mM'iia