w e- K « / 7J> STATE MORJ/lALbmoOL } OS AKGKL'Era '■■- J C- O 5 LITERARY LANDMARKS OF LONDON, THK DROKSHOUT PORTRAIT OF SHAKESPEARK. By Photojrrapliy from the Folio of 1623. LITERARY LANDMARKS - OF LONDON By LAURENCE BUTTON AUTHOR OF "literary LANDMARKS OF EDINBURGH "curiosities OF THE AMERICAN STAGE " ETC. -■-T?5. -' 001 REVISED AND ENLARGED J(^^ S WITH PORTRArrS NEW YORK HARPER & BROTHERS. FRANKLIN SQUARE 1892 Copyright, 1885, by Laurknce Hutton. Copyright, 1888, by Laurknce Hi'tto.v. Copyright, 1892, by Harper & Brothers. All rights reserved. w o PREFACE TO THE EIGHTH EDITION, THE gratifying success of this work on both sides of the Atlantic, and the fact that it has been accepted as an authority by the later writers upon London, serve to war- rant its appearance in a new and illustrated form. It has been carefully revised for this Edition ; a number of Sup- plementary Notes have been added by way of Appendix ; and, as far as possible, it has been brought down to the present day. It is felt that the many portraits now for the first time printed with it, will give it new interest and value in the eyes of all lovers of London and of her literary associations. L. H. January 1, 1892. PORTRAITS. — , Faces page Shakespeare, William . Frontispiece Addison, Joseph 2 Bacon, Francis 12 Baillie, Joanna 14 Baxter, Richard 16 Beaumont, Francis .... 18 Bosweli, James 20 Bronte, Charlotte 22 Buiiyan, John 26 Butler, Samuel 28 Byron, Lord 32 Campbell, Thomas .... 36 Carlyle, Tliomas 38 Chaucer, Geoffrey 46 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor . . 56 Cowper, William 66 D'Arblay, Madame .... 72 Defoe, Daniel 76 De Quincey, Thomas .... 78 Dickens, Charles 82 Disraeli, Benjamin .... 86 Drayton, Michael 90 Dryden, Jolm 92 Eliot, George 98 Fletcher, John 108 Franklin, Benjamin . . . .110 (iay, John 112 Gibbon, Edward 114 Faces page Godwin, William 116 Goldsmith, Oliver . . . . .118 Gower, John 1 26 Gray, Thomas 128 Hazlitt, William 132 Herrick, Robert 136 Hood, Tliomas 138 Hook, Theodore 140 Hunt, Leigh 144 Iiichbald, Elizabeth .... 150 Jameson, Mrs 152 Johnson, Samuel 162 Keats, John 178 Lamb, Charles 186 Landor, W^alter Savage . . .194 Lovelace, Richard 198 Lover, Samuel 200 Macaulay, Lord 202 Massinger. Pliilip 208 Milton, John 214 Montagu, Mary Wortley . . 218 Moore, Thomas 220 More, Hannah 222 More, Sir Thomas .... 224 Newton, Sir Isaac 228 Penn, William 230 Pope, Alexander 240 Procter, Bryan Waller . . . 248 VI POKTKAITS. Faces Rogers, Samuel Rowe, Nicholas . . . Scott, Sir Waltoi- ... Shakspere, William . . Shelley, Percy Bysshe . Slieridan, Richard Brinsley Sidney, riiilip .... Smitli, Sydney . . . . , Southey, Robert page 254 258 262 2(50 270 272 276 278 284 Faces page Spenser, Edmund 286 Steele, Richard 288 Suckling, John 294 Swift, Dean 298 Taylor, John 300 Thackeray, Wm. -Makepeace . 306 Wesley, John 318 Wither, George 320 Wordsworth, William o . . 322 INTRODUCTION. T ONDOX has no associations so interesting as those con- "*-^ nected with its literary men. To the cultivated reader the Temple owes its greatest charm to the fact that it was the birthplace of Lamb, the home of Fielding, and that it contains Goldsmith's grave. xAddison and Steele have hal- lowed the now unholy precincts of Charter House Square and Covent Garden ; the shade of Chatterton still haunts Shoe Lane ; Fleet Street, to this day, echoes with the pon- derous tread of Dr. Johnson; and the modest dwelling that was once Will's Coffee House is of far more interest now than all that is left of the royal palaces of Whitehall and St. James. The Society of Arts, in marking with its tablets certain of the historic houses of London, is deserving of much praise ; but only a few of the many famous old buildings which still exist in the metropolis are thus distinguished, and no definite clew to their position is given, even in the best of guide-books. When the houses themselves have disap- peared, the ordinary searcher, in nearly all instances, has the ntmost difficulty in finding anything more than a faint indication of their site. To remedy this in some measure is what is designed in the following pages. They are intended simply as a guide to a side of London which has never before received particular attention. The places of literary asso- ciation in the metropolis and in the suburbs are noted with viil INTKODLCTIOX. more or less accuracy in the ordinary liand-books and in the thousands of volumes — historical, traditional, local, and anecdotal — that have been published about the Great City ; but in no single work has any attempt hitherto been made to follow the literary worthies of England to the spots they have known and loved in London as they have joui'neyed from the cradle to the grave. The chief aims of this book have been completeness and exactness. It contains not only a great deal of matter which has never been printed before, but it verifies the statements and corrects the mistakes of the works that have gone before it. Innumerable volumes upon London have been consulted, from Stow and Strype to the younger Dickens ; early insur- ance surve^^s, containing the number and position of every house in London since houses were first numbered, in 1767, have been compared with similar surveys of the present, by means of tracings and by actual measurements of the streets themselves ; the first maps of London have been examined and compared in like manner with later and contemporary plans ; directories for the last century and a half have been studied carefully ; and it has been possible by these means to discover and note the exact sites of many interesting build- ings, the position of which has hitherto been merely a matter of conjecture or entirely unknown. The history of the London Directory has yet to be written. The oldest volume of that kind in the Library of the British Museum was " Published and sold by Henry Kent in Finch Lane, near the Royal Exchange," in 1736. It is a small pamphlet of fifty pages, and the original price was six|)ence. It is prefaced by the following remarks : " The Difficulty which People are continually under, who have Business to transact, for Want of knowing where to find One Another, makes such a little Piece as this very Useful, by saving a great deal of Trouble, Expense, and Loss of Time, in Dispatch INTRODLCTIUX. IX of Affairs, especially to Merchants, Bankers and others who deal in Notes and Bills of Exchange." ^ This directory was published at irregular intervals until 1827. In the earlier volumes, as the houses were not num- bered, only the business streets and the names of residents who were business men were inserted. It was followed in 1772 by a rival Directory " Printed for T. Lowndes, No. 77 Fleet Street," the price of which was one shilling, and which contained, as the advertisement stated, " An Alpha- betical List of the Names and Places of Abode of the Merchants and Principal Traders of the City of London, and Westminster, and the Borough of Southwark and their Environs, with the number of each House." This series lived only until 1799. The numbers of the houses were given first in Kent's Directory for 1768. The official Post Office Directory was first published when Lowndes retired in 1799 ; and the separate Trades and Court departments first appeared in 1841. The initial number of " Boyle's Fashionable Court and Country Guide " is dated 1796, and it is continued to the present day. It contained from the outset an irregular court and street directory, both of the City and West ends of the town ; but it was naturally less complete and thorough than the official Post Office Directory of the present day. The difficulties met with in the preparation of the fol- lowing pages have been many and great. Old houses have disappeared, streets have been renamed and renumbered, and in many instances entire streets have been swept away in the dreadful march of improvement. It is easier to-day to discover the house of a man who died two hundred years ago, before streets were numbered at all, than to identify the houses of men who have died within a few years, and since the mania for changing the names and numbers of streets began. Drvden, for instance, was living in 1686 in a X iNriJonrcrioN. house ' oil the north side of Long Acre, over agahist Rose Street,' and easily traced now by the Dryden Press, which stands upon its site ; while the house in which Carlyle lived for nearly half a century, and in which he died in 1881, when it was No. 5 Great Cheyne Kow, Chelsea, was in 1885 No. 24 Great Cheyne Row, with nothing to distinguish it from the new No. 5 on the o{)posite side of the way. The confusion caused by this renumbering and renaiuiiig can hardly be expressed in words, nor does there seem to the ordinary observer to be any good reason for these changes. Oxford Street, which Pennant described in 1790 as the longest street in Europe, was considered not long enough, and has been extended by the absorption of New Oxford Street, and renumbered ; while the New Road, an equally important thoroughfare running nearly parallel with it from City Road to Edgeware Road, was deemed too long, and has been divided into Pentonville Road, Euston Road, and Mary- leboue Road, and of course renumbered. The following note, quoted in full from the London Post Office Directory for 1882, will give some faint idea of the confusion of numbers : — That part of Oxford Street which lies to the west of Tottenham Court Road has been renumbered, the numbers beuinninfr at Tottenham Court Road, and ending at the Marble Arch, — the even numbers being on the north, and the odd numbers on the south side ; but the numbers of that part of the street which lies to the east of Tottenham Court Road not having been altered, many of the numbers in that part of tlie street are duplicates of new numbers which are near tlie Marble Arch : these dupHcate numbers are distinguished here by being printed in black type, thus (468). To avoid confusion, care should be taken, in ad- dressing letters, to add the correct postal initials ; and it may be desirable for the duplicated numbers to add either 'near Marble Arch,' or ' near Holborn,' as the case may be, as part of the address. INTRODUCTION. xi I rest this portion of uiy case here. By some strange fatality the most interesting of the old buildings in London have been removed or — what is often worse — restored, while adjacent old buildings about which no tradition or association lingers are left intact. Drayton's house, in Fleet Street, has been altered and changed beyond recognition, but the two houses next door to it remain as in Drayton's day. The Bell Inn at Edmonton — Gilpin's Bell, and a. favorite haunt of Charles Lamb during the last years of his life — has been taken down, in favor of a dtdl, common- place public house, about which there is nothing attractive excejjt its name. The Bell ; while on all sides of it there exist, from the days of Lamb and Cowper and long before, and in all their old-fashioned picturesque beauty, the con- temporary inns which neither of them chanced to make immortal. It will be observed that no attempt has been made here to write a text-book or a biographical dictionary. Nothing has been preserved in these pages concerning the members of the guild of literature from Addison to Young excepting what may relate to their career in London ; and the book appeals only to those who love and are f\\miliar with Pepys and Johnson and Thackeray, and who wish to follow them to their homes and their haunts in the metropolis, — not to those who need to be told who Pepys and Johnson and Thackeray were, and what they have done. It will be observed, too, that the rank of these men in the world of letters is not to be inferred from the amount of space {levoted to them here. Wordsworth and Herrick have as- signed to them but a few lines, simply because they were not poets of brick and mortar, and knew almost nothing of town life ; while whole pages are sometimes bestowed upon the half- forgotten authors of one immortal song, who spent all their davs in London, and loved it well. A few writers will XI 1 INrilODUCTlON. be missed, who, although Britisli, — as Burns, Lever, and the Kiiigsleys, — have little or no association with London- wliile others have not heeu included, because, like Blake, they may be better known ;is jjainters, or, like Garrick, more famous as actors than as men of letters. These will find place, perhaps, in succeeding volumes, to be devoted to the artistic and dramatic memories of the metropolis. Living writers, of course, ai-e not mentioned at all. For the convenience of those interested in any particular writer, it has been thought best to arrange the work in tlie alphabetical sequence of the authors' names, and not topo- graphically or chronologically, as is the ordinary plan ; and to add to the interest, an attempt has been made to let the difterent subjects of the work speak for themselves, or to let their contemporaries speak for them, whei-ever it is possible so to do, giving in every instance in the margin the authorities quoted. It is hoped that the full indices, local as well as personal, will enable the general reader to find, in any particidar part of the town, what appeals to him most, and show him what is within his reach, no matter where he mav be. Bv means of these, for exam])le, it will be very easy, in walking with Johnson and Boswell from the club in Gerard Street through Long Acre and Bow Street, to Tom Davies's shop in Russell Street, Covent Garden, to call by the way on Dryden, Wychei- ley, Waller, Fielding, Charles Lamb, and Evelyn ; to stop for refreshments at Will's or Button's or Tom's with Steele, Addison, Colley Cibber, Pepys, Davenant, and Pope ; and going a step or two further to utter a silent prayer perha])s in the Church of St. Paul, Covent Garden, for the repose of the souls of Butler, Wycherley, Mrs. Centlivre, and 'Peter Pindar,' who sleep within its gates. L. H. .April 7. 1885. LITERARY LANDMARKS OF LONDON. JOSEPH ADDISON. 1672-1719. ALTHOUGH Addison wrote his name strongly and clearly in the literature and politics of England in the eighteenth century, and although he was closely iden- tified with London, the traces he has left of his actual presence in the metropolis are few and slight. Concerning his London homes, until his marriage in 1716 and settlement in Holland House, his biographers are strangely silent, and but little is to be gathered from the gossip of his contemporaries. It is only known that he lived in the Haymarket, in Kensington Scpiare, in St. James's Place, St. James's Street, at Fulham, and at Chelsea. His earliest associations with London were witli the Charter House School, to which, after studying under his father's eye at Lichfield and Salisbury, he was sent as a private pupil. Here he was carefully drilled in the classics, and here too he first made the acquaintance of Steele, with whom in after years he was so intimately connected. The Charter House School stood, through many generations of boys, in Charter House Square, Smithfield. In 1872 those portions of the grounds which belonged to the school itself were transferred to the Merchant Taylors' Company, by whom new school-buildings were erected ; but the Charter 1 2 JOSEPH ADDISON. [1*372-1719. House proper remained in 1885, as in Addison's day, with its chapel and cloisters, and its Pensioner's TFall, the home of the Poor Brethren, so familiar to all readers of ' The Newcomes.' Addison left the Charter House in 1G87 to enter Queen's College, Oxford ; but he returned to London in 1 703, and found lodgings in the Hay market. Pope was one day taking his usual walk with Harte in the , Haymarket, when he desired him to enter a little shop, Literary where, going up three pairs of stairs into a small room, Pope said, ' In this garret Addison wrote his " Campaign." ' There is, unfortunately, no hint given by Pope, or by any of Addison's biographers, as to the position or number of Addison's Haymarket home.^ His mode of life at this period, however, is thus described : — We find it to have been the custom of Addison to be scarcely ever unprovided of some retreat in the immediate neighborhood of London, where he might employ his evenings and Life'of Addi- ^^^ leisure hours in study and the laljor of composition ; son, chap. ^ satisfactory refutation of the injurious account given by Spence, on the authority of Pope, which repre- sents him as habitually passing his evenings, often far into the night, in coffee-houses and 'taverns with a few convivial and ob- serpiious companions. Sandy End, a hamlet of Fulham, was at this time [1707] his country retirement. He appears to have occupied apartments in a lodging or boarding house established at this place, whence several of the published letters of Steele are dated, written at times when he seems to have been the guest of Addison. When the time came to leave, Esmond marched Esmomii'^ * homeward to his lodgings, and met Mr. Addison on the hook 111. road, walking to a cottage whicli he had at Fulham, the moon shining on his handsome serene face. ' AYhat cheer, brother?' says Addison, laughing. 'I tliovight it was JOSEPH ADDISON. 1672-1719.] JOSEPH ADDISON. 3 a footpad advancing in the dark, and behold, it is an old friend. We may shake hands. Colonel, in the dark ; 't is better than ficrht- ing by daylight. Why should we quarrel because I am a Whig and thou art a Tory 1 Turn thy steps and walk with me to Ful- ham, where there is a nightingale still singing in the garden, and a cool bottle in a cave I know of. You shall drink to the Pre- tender, if you like. I will drink my liquor in my own way.' Letters of Addisou to the young Eurl of Warwick, dated simply at Chelsea, are said to have been written — but this is merely traditional — iu Sandford Manor House, at one time the residence of Nell Gwynne. This house, standing in 188.5, was a little south of King's Road, towards the Thames. That Addison was living in the village of Kensington in 1712, when Swift was his neighbor, there seems to be no question, although the site or the character of his house there is not now known. The parish books do not give the name of Addison in either row (liouses were not numbered in London till 1764), so that it is impossible to identify any particular dwelling now Avith tlie house of one of the kindest benefactors that Kensiiigtou society ever had. Still, it is pleasing to picture some- '^i"'"'^- where in the old square [Kensington Square] one of whom Thackeray, a hundred and forty years after, thus wrote from the same place : 'AVhen this man looks from the world, whose weak- nesses he describes so benevolently, up to Heaven, which shines on us all, I can hardly fancy a human face lighted up with more serene rapture, or a human intellect thrilling with a purer love and adoration, than that of Joseph Addison.' Addison was married, in 171(3, to the dowager Countess of Warwick ; and their courtship Johnson likens to that of Sir Roger de Coverley with his disdainful widow. They do not seem to have been very happy in their iniion, which began and ended in tlio famous Holland House, Kensington Road, Kensington, one of the most interesting spots in all 4 JOSEPH ADDISON. [1672-1719. England for the sake of its literary associations, and still standing in its noble gronnds, in 1885.'* Aildi.son, according to the traditions of Holland House, used, when composing, to Avalk up and down the long galleiy Moo'ii's Dia- there, with a bottle of wine at each end of it, which is'is''''^ ^^' ^^^ finished during the operation. There is a little white house, too, near the turnpike, to wduch he used to retire when the Countess was particularly troublesome. This ' little white house ' was the White Horse Inn, which stood on the corner of what have since been called Holland Lane and Kensington Road. It has disappeared ; but on its site was built, in 18G6, a public house called the Holland ^rnis Inn, where were preserved, in 1885, the fine old mahogany fittings of the original tavern, — benches upon which Addison and Steele have often sat, and tables which have held their bottles and their elbows, and heard their familiar talk. It seems to have been in HoUand House (for he died shortly afterwards) that Addison was visited by Milton's daughter, when - . , he recpiested her to bring him some evidences of her Hunt's Old birth. The moment he beheld her he exclaimed : Court Suli- , T, r 1 1 1 n • iirb, chap. Madam, you need no other voucher ; your lace is a ''^' sufficient testimonial whose daughter you are.' It must have been very pleasing to Addison to befriend Milton's daughter, for he had been the first to popularize the great poet by his critiques on ' Paradise Lost,' in the ' Spectator.' Addison died in Holland House, June 17, 1719. The end of this iiseful life w'as now approaching. Addison had for some time been oppressed by shortness of breath, wliich was now aggravated by a dropsy, and, finding his dan- Livpsoftiie P!cr pressing, he prepared to die conformably to his ^J'''}?' own precepts and professions. . . . Lord Warwick [his step-son] was a young man of very irregular life, and perhaps of loose opinions. Addison, for whom he did not 1672-1719.] JOSEPH ADDISON. 5 want respect, bad very diligently endeavored to reclaim him, but bis arguments and expostulations bad no effect. One experi- ment, bowever, remained to be tried. When be found bis life near its end, be directed the young Lord to be called, and when be desired, with great tenderness, to bear his last injunction, told him : ' I have sent for you that you may see how a Christian can die.' This account of Addison's last liours is not entirely credited by later writers. Hunt, in his ' Old Court Sub- urb ' (chap. XV.), says: — The story originated with Young, who said be had it from Tickell, adding that the Earl led an irregular life which Addison wished to reclaim. But, according to Malone, who was a scrupu- lous inquirer, there is no evidence of the Earl's having led any such life ; and Walpole, in one of bis letters that were published not long ago, startled — we sboidd rather say shocked — the world by telling them that Addison died of brandy. It is ac- knowledged by bis best friends that the gentle moralist, whose bodily temperament was a sorry one as his mind was otherwise, bad gradually been tempted to .stimulate it with wine till he became intemperate in the indulgence. It is impossible to say what other stimulants might not gradually have crept in ; nor is it impossible that during the patient's last hours the physician himself might have ordered them. It was but fitting that Addison, whose description of Westminster Abbey has been written in letters that cannot fade, should have found a resting-place within its walls, to await there, as he expresses it ('Spectator,' Xo. 26), 'that great day when we shall all of us be contemporaries, and make our appearance together.' He was buried in the north aisle of Henry the Seventh's Chapel ; but his grave was unmarked for nearly a century, and the monument to his memory in the Poets' Corner was not erected until 1808. Addison's body lay in state in the Jerusalem Chamber, and was borne thence to the Abbey at dead of night. The choir 6 JOSEPH ADDISON. [1672-1719. sang a funeral hyinii. Bishop Atterbuiy, one of those Tories who had loved and honored the most accomplished of the Essays, Whigs, met the corpse, and led the procession by torch- viii. 111. li^lit round the shiine of St. Edward, and the graves of the riantugenets, to the Chapel of Henry VII. Addison, even after his marriage, as has been seen, was not one of the most domestic of men ; and it is easier now to trace him to his clubs and his taverns than to his own firesides, Addison's chief companions, before he married Lady Warwick, „ ' , were Steele, Davenant, etc. He used to breakfast with Spence s ' ' _ Anecdotes : one or other of them at his lodgings in St. James's Pope see- . . tioii v., 1737- Place, dine at taverns with them, then to Button's, and then to some tavern again for supper in the even- ing ; and this was then the usual round of his life. Addison studied all morning, then dined at a tavern, and went afterwards to Button's. Button had Ijeen a servant in the Countess of Warwick's family, who [sie], under the Lives of the patronage of Addison, kept a coflTc'e-house on the south discm ' ^'^ ^^^^ '^f Russell Street, about two doors from Covent Garden. Here it was that the wits of that time used to assemble. It is said that when Addison had suffered any vexation from the Countess he withdrew the company from But- ton's house. From this coffee-house he went again to a tavern, where he often sat late and drank too much wine. It is reported to have been one of the most exquisite entertain- ments to the choice spirits, in the beginning of this [eighteenth] century, to get Addison and Steele together in com- noisseu"' pany for the evening. Steele entertained them till ^"- ^^- he was tipsy, when the same wine that stupefied him only served to elevate Addison, who took up the ball just as Steele dropped it, and kept it up for the rest of the evening. Addison frequented also the Devil Tavern in Fleet , Street, opposite .St. Dnnstan's Church, the famous Devil Tavern of Ben Jonson (q. v.). Child's Bank, No. 1 Fleet Street, stands upon its site. 1672-1719. J JOSEPH ADDISON. 7 I dined to-day [October 12] with Dr. Garth and j\Ir. Addison at the Devil Tavern, near Temple Bar ; and Garth „ treated. And it is well I dine every day, else I should Journal to be longer making out my letters. . . . Mr. Addison's ' election has passed easy and undisputed, and I believe if he had a mind to be chosen King he would not be refused. Addison himself, in the ' Spectator,' tells of his familiarity with other well-known loungiug-places of his day : — Sometimes I am seen thrusting my head mto a round of politicians at Will's, and listening with great attention to the narratives that are made in those little circular audi- spectator, ences. Sometimes I smoke a pipe at Child's, and ^°- ^• while I seem attentive to nothing but the ' Postman,' overhear the conversation of every table in the room. I appear on Sunday nights at the St. James's Coffee House, and sometimes join the committee of politics in the inner room as one who comes there to hear and improve. My fece is likewise very well known in the Grecian, the Cocoa Tree, and in the theatres. Will's Coffee House, the father of the modern Club, played a very important part in the literature of the seven- teenth and eiohteenth centuries. It was on the northwest corner of Russell Street and Bow Street, Covent Garden, and included the two adjoining houses, one in each sti'eet. The old house, jSTo. 21 Russell Street, still standing iu 1885, is no doubt one of the original buildino;s. Of Child's, in St. Paul's Churchyard, there is no trace left to-day, and even its exact site is unknown. The St. James's Coffee House was ' the last house but one on the southwest corner of St. James's Street, facing Pall ^laU,' and was taken down in 1806. The Grecian stood on the site of a portion of Eldon Chambers, Devereux Court, Strand, between Essex Court and New Court in the Temple. It is marked by a tablet, and a bust of Essex, said to be the work of Cains Gabriel Gibber ; and the Grecian Chambers at its back per- petuate its name. The Cocoa Tree Tavern stood at Xo. 64 8 JOSEPH ADDISON. [1672-1719. St. James's Street, Piccadilly, where the Cocoa Tree Club afterwards was built. Among his other places of resort were Squire's Coffee House in Fulwood's Jients, No. 34 High Holborn, where ■were, in 1885, old houses dating back to vVddison's time; Serle's Coffee House, on the corner of Serle and Portugal Streets, Lincoln's Inn Fields, the old-fashioned door-posts of which were preserved in the stationer's shop on its site in 1885 ; " Dick's," No. 8 Fleet Street, a modernized French restaurant in 1885, the windows of whose square room at the back looked on the trees of Hare Court in the Temple ; and the Bull and Bush, a quaint and picturesque old coun- trified inn, still standing in 1885, at the bottom of North End Road, Hammersmith. Addison, after his I'eturn from the Continent in 1704, joined the famous Kit Kat Club, which was ' composed of thirty-nine noblemen and gentlemen, zealously attached to the Protestant succession of the House of Hanover.' It met originally in Shire Lane, at the Cat and Fiddle, which is said to have been called subsequently the Trumpet, and as such, is mentioned by Steele in the ' Tatler.' Still later it was known as the Duke of York's. With the street in which it stood, it has long since disappeared. Shire Lane itself, afterwards called Lower Serle's Place, was swept out of ex- istence in 18G8, with some thirty other disreputable lanes and alleys, to make way for the new Law Courts in Fleet Street and the Strand. It was on the east side of the pres- ent buildings, and had several outlets into the Strand at or near Temple Bar. Its reputation was always bad, and in the reign of the first James it was known as Rogue's Lane." Spence's y^^ ^ ^^ ^jg^rd of the Kit Kat Club. ... The Anecdotes : Pope. master of the house where the club met was Cliristo- pher Kat. . . . Steele, Aclflison, Conrrreve, Garth, Vanbrn^h, etc., were of it. . . . Jacob [Tonson] had his own and all their 1672-1719.] JOSEPH ADDISON. 9 pictures by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Each member gave his ; and he is gouig to build a room for them at Barn-Elms. The forty -two pictiires presented by the members of this club to Tonsou the bookseller were removed by him in the beginning of the last century to Barn-Elms, and placed near his smith's house, in a handsome room lately standing on the Antiquarian OTOunds of Henry Hoare, Esq. It was lined with red London, cloth, and measured forty feet in length, twenty in width, and eighteen in height. At the death of Mr. Tonson, in 1736, they became the property of his great-nephew, who died in 1767. They were then removed to Water Oakley, near Wind- sor, and afterwards to Mr. Baker's, in Hertingfordbury. Barn-Elms was at Barnes on the Thames, between Putney and Mortlake. Copies of the Kit Kat portrait of Addison are in the National Portrait Gallery, South Kensington, and in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. The club met later at the Kino's Arms Tavern, which stood on the north side of Pall Mall, near the Haymarket, and on the site of the Opera Colonnade. It went out of existence as a club early in the eighteenth century. Its place of summer resort was the Upper Flask, a tavern on the edge of Hampstead Heath, which has been for many years a private house. It was on the corner of East Heath Road in 1885 ; its old entrance- hall and low-ceilinged rooms still unchanged, although many additions and alterations had been made. And in its gardens, nearly opposite the Pool, stood, until destroyed in the great storm of Christmas, 1876, the famous mulberry, tree, showing every sign of its gray old age, under which ' had sat, thnnigh so many Arcadian afternoons, Addison, Pope, Steele, Congreve, and their compeers, when, because of their presence, ' Hnniiistead, towering in superior sky, Did with Parnassus in honor vie.' 10 ]VLVRK AKIiNSIDE. [1721-1770. MARK AKENSIDE. 1721-1770. A KENSIDE came to London in 1747, when he took "^^ up liis residence for a year or two in the house of his warm friend and patron, Jeremiah Dyson, on the top of Goldcr's Hill, near North End, Hampstead. In 1749 or 1750, through Dyson's generosity, he was established as a pi'actising physician in Bloomsbury Square. Mr. Dyson parted with his villa at North End, and settled his friend fAkensidel in a sensible house in Blooms- Parks Hampstead biuy Square, assigning him, with unexampled liber- ), p.^u . jjjjj.^r^ £ 3QQ j^ year, which enal^led him to keep a chariot and make a proper appearance in the world. Although Bucke, in his ' Life of Akenside,' says that the remainder of his life was passed in Bloomsbury Squai'e, he is known to have been living in Craven Street, Strand, in 1759, before houses were numbered; and in 1762 he took a house in Old Burlington Street, Bnrlington Gardens, where, in 1770, he died. He was buried in an unmarked grave in St. James's Church, Piccadilly. Akenside, in 1759, was appointed physician to St. Thomas's Hospital, then situated in Southwark, on the Borough High Street, between Thomas, Denman, and Joiner Streets. It was removed in 1871. Akenside's fivorite re- sorts were Serle's Coffee House, on the corner of Serle and Portugal Streets (see Addison, p. 8) ; the Grecian, Devereux Court, Strand (see Addison, p. 7) ; and Tom's Coffee House, also in Devereux Court, which no longer exists, but which is 1O60-61-16-26.] FRANCIS BACON. 11 not to be confoanded with the Tom's of Russell Street, Co- vent Garden. He was also frequently to be found at the sign of The Tally's Head, the book-shop of Eobert Dodsley, and a popular meeting-place of men of letters in London for several generations. It stood at the present Iso. 51 Pall Mall, ' the house with the archway leading into King's Place.' King's Place, running from King Street to Pall Mall, and subsequently called Pall Mall Place for some mys- terious reason, was arched over, in 1885, by an old house; but no book-shop existed there, although there were book- dealers in plenty in its immediate neighborhood. FKANCIS BACON. 1560-61-1626. T3AC0N was born at York House, on the Thames, in "^^^ January, 1560-61, and christened in the old Church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, standing on the site of the present structure. He returned to York House in later years, and lived there for a time as Lord Chancellor of Eugland, when it is recorded that in 1620 he kept his birthday in great splendor and magnificence, Ben Jonson celebrating the occa- sion by a ' short performance in verse.' Lord Bacon, being in Yorke House garden looking on fishers throwing their nett, asked them what they would take for their draught. They answered so much. His lordship \„|,i.ey'g would offer them no more, but so much. They drew J-ivKs of Eminent Up their nett, and in it were only two or three little Persons ; fishes. His lordship told them it had been better for them to have taken his offer. They I'eplied they hoped to have 12 FRANCIS BACON. [1560-61-1C26. liiiil ;i l)etter draught. But Staid hi.s lordsliip : Uuiie is a good breakfaai, hut an ill supper. York House, afterwards tlic property of the Dukes of Buckingham, when it was still called York House, stood on the site of George Court, and of Villiers, Duke, and Buckingham Streets, Strand ; its later tenants perpetuating their names and their occupancy of the mansion in that way. Nothing is left of it now but the grand old water- gate at the foot of Buckingham Street, the work of Inigo Jones ; although portions of the old house, with the original highly decorated ceilings, were preserved until 18G3, when the erection of the Charing Cross Railway Station and Hotel wiped them completely out of existence. In 1592 Bacon entertained Queen Elizabeth at Twicken- ham Park, Twickenham, but his house has been taken down. The estate is covered with villas ; and no trace of it, as it existed at that time, remains. Bacon was married, in 160G, at the Chapel of St. Maryle- bone, described by Hepworth Dixon, in his ' Personal His- tory of Bacon,' as standing then ' two miles from the Strand, among the lanes and suburbs wandering towards the foot of Hampstead Hill.' This church was on the site of the parish church built in 1741 near Marylcbone Road, onMary- lebone High Street. Bacon was a member of Gray's Inn, and occupied cham- bers there for many years. Lord Bacon, whom we have already mentioned as a member of Gray's Inn, lived at No. 1 Coney Court, which was unfor- Jesse's tunately burnt down in 1678. The site is occupied luTc^ay's^' ^y tbe present [1868] row of buildings at the west end Inn. of Gray's Inn Square, adjoining the gardens in which the great philosopher took such delight. He is said to have designed these gardens, and to have planted the old catalpa-tree still standing there in 1885. FRANCIS BACON. 1560-61-1626.] FRANCIS BACON. 13 Bacon is said to have found a temporary retreat at Parson's Green, Fulham ; but the character of the Green has greatly changed of late years (see Eichardson), and neither the biographers of Bacon nor the local historians give any decided information as to the positive site of his Fulham home. When the great Lord Bacon fell into disgrace, and was for- bidden to appear at Court, he procured a license, dated September 13, 1621, to retire for six weeks to the house of his Brayley's friend, Sir John Vaughan. at Parson's Green, who London and ' o - 5 Middlesex, probably resided in the house now [1816] occupied "^'oi- v. by Mr. Maxwell as a boarding-school, a spacious mansion, built in that style of architectui-e which prevailed at the commence- ment of the reign of James I. Bacon died at the house of tlie Earl of Arundel, at Hish- gate, Api'il 9, 1626, and was buried in St. Michael's Church, within the precincts of old Verulam. The cause of his lordship's death was trying an experiment as he was taking aire in the coach of Dr. Witherborne, a Aubrey's Scotchman, physitian to the King. Towards Highgate Lives, snow lay on the ground, and it came into my lord's thoughts why flesh might not be preserved in snow as in salt. They were re- solved they would try the experiment. Presently they alighted out of the coach, and went into a poore woman's house at the bottom of Highgate Hill, and bought a hen, and made her exen- terate, and then stuffed the bodie with snow, and my lord did help to doe it himself. The snow so chilled him that he immedi- ately fell so ill that he could not return to his lodgings (I suppose then at Gray's Inn), but went to the Earl of Arundel's house at Highgate, where they put him into a good bed, warmed with a panne ; but it was a dampe bed that had not been layn in for about a year before, which gave him such a colde that in two or three days he died of suffocation. Arundel House stood on the slope of Highgate Hill. It is known to have been occupied as a school in its later days, 14 JOANNA BAILLIE. [1762-1851. iiud according to Thorne, in his ' lI;ind-Book of the Envi- rons of London,' it was pulled down in 1825] but neither Thome nor any other writers upon the subject have been able to discover its exact position. Eliza No account of the site of Lord Arundel's house at iiaiii)W(Hi^ Highgate has been preserved. To clear up this point, bpois of ]\jj., Montague made many inquiries, though to no pur- liondoii, pose. We have likewise sought in vain. It is sup- posed, however, to have been the most considerable house in the parish. JOANNA BAILLIE. 1762-1851. 'T^HE Baillies came to London in 1791, wlien they lived in Great Windmill Street, Piccadilly, in the house of their brother, Dr. Matthew Baillie, "who took possession of it after the death of their uncle, the famous Dr. Hunter. It was a large, square, double house, on the east side, standing back from the street, and was numbered IG in 1885.'^ In 1802 they went to Red Lion Hill, Hampstead, and on the death of their mother, in 1806, they took Bolton House, at Hampstead, where they spent the remainder of their uneventful lives, and where at the end of half a cen- tury they died. Bolton House, still standing in 1885, was a quiet, picturesque, old-fashioned mansion, on the top of Windmill Hill, built of red brick and three stories in height. It was the centre house of a row of three companion build- ings, facing the Holly Bush Inn, and at the end of the street culled Hollv Hill. JOANNA BAILLIE. 1762-1851.] JOANNA BAILLIE. 15 Joanna Baillie lived many years at Hampstead, in Bolton House, on Windmill Hill, a little below the Clock Honse. Per- haps no person of literary distinction ever led a more secluded and unambitious life so near the metropolis. Howitt's In the society of her sister, Miss Agnes Baillie, she HeiKbts"of seemed to care but little whether the world forgot London : -r> , , . ,. n ^ Hampstead. her or not. But oi this lorgetiulness there was no danger. Every man of pre-eminent genius delighted to do lier honor. The last time I saw the poet Rogers he was returning from a call on Joanna Baillie. Henry Crabb Robinson thus describes a visit to Joanna Baillie, in May, 1812 : — We [Wordsworth and Robinson] met Miss Joanna Baillie and accompanied her home. She is small in figure, and her gait is mean and shuffling, but her manners are those of a well-bred lady. She has none of the unpleasant airs too common to literary ladies. Her conversation is sensible. . . . Wordsworth said of her with warmth : ' If I had to present to a foreigner any one as a model of an English gentlewoman, it would be Joanna Baillie.' Joanna Baillie was buried in an altar tomb surrounded by iron railings, in Hampstead Churchyard, on the southeast side of the church, and near the gate and the churchyard wall. Within the church a mural tablet has been erected to her memory. Agnes Baillie, who survived her sister ten years, lived to the great age of an hundred and one. She lies in the same grave. 16 ANNA LETITIA BAKUAULI). [17J3-1S25. ANNA LETITIA BAEBAULD. 1743-1825. TN 1785 Mrs. Barbauld was living with her husbaud at ■*' Well Walk, Hampstead ; and there the ' Correspondence of Richardson ' was edited and given to the public. Later, she occupied a house on the west side of Eosslyn Hill, Hamp- stead, while Mr. Barbauld, a dissenting minister, preached in the Presbyterian chajael on the High Street there. This chapel was taken down in .1828. His next charge was at Newington Green ; and his chapel on the north side of the Green, built in 1708, enlarged in 18G0, was still standing in 1885. Mrs. Barbauld died in Chnrch Street, Stoke Newing- ton, in 1825, and was buried near the southern entrance of Stoke Newington Churchyard. EICHARD BAXTEE. 1615-1691. 'npHE domestic life of Baxter was very happy, but as un- ■*• settled as the times in which he lived. He was fre- quently in London, and had many temporary homes in and about the city. He was married, September 10, 1662, to Margai'et Charlton, — ' A Breviate ' of whose life he wrote, — in the Church of St. Bennet Fink, Broad Street Ward, near Finch Lane, Cornhill. This church was destroyed in the Great Fire, four years later. RICHARD BAXTER. 1615-1691.] RICHARD BAXTER. 17 For some years after the Restoration Baxter lived at Acton, a village on the Uxbridge Road, five miles bejond the Marble At'ch, in a house no longer standing, and only described as being ' near the Church.' AVhile here he was arrested and confined for a short time in the King's Bench Prison, then on the east side of the Borough High Street, South wark, immediately adjoining the Marshalsea (see Dickens). This building was taken down towards the close of the last cen- tury ; and the new prison, built on the Borough Road, cor- ner of Blackman Street, not very far distant, has itself since disappeared. Of his life here he wrote : — My imprisonment was no great suffering to me, for I had an honest jailer who showed me all the kindness he could. I had a large room and liberty to walk in a fair garden, and my wife was never so cheerful a companion to me as in prison, and was very much against my seeking to be relieved, and she brought me so many necessaries that we kept house as contentedly and comfort- ably as at home, though in a narrower room ; and I had a sight of more friends in a day than I had at home in half a year. His wife died in his ' most pleasant and convenient house ' in Southampton Square, now Bloorasbury Square, in 1681. He preached and lectured frequently in London : in the old church of St. Dunstan-in-the-West, Fleet Street, just inside Temple Bar ; in St. Maiy Magdalen's, Milk Street, Cheapside, destroyed in the Great Fire, and never rebuilt ; in Park Street, Southwai-k, ' not far from the Brewery ' (of Barclay and Perkins) ; in Swallow Street, Piccadilly ; in Pinner's Hall, and in St. .James's Market Place. After the indulgence in 1672, he returned into the city, and was one of the Tuesdav lecturers in Pinner's Hall, and liad a iTiday lecture m Fetter Lane [near Neville Biitannica: Court]; but on the Lord's days he for some time ^^'''^*'- lireached only occasionally, and afterwards more statedly, in St. 18 lUCIIAKJ) JJAXTER. [1615-1691. James's Market Place, where, in Kwl, he liad a wonderful deliv- ery, by almost a miracle, from a crack in the lloor. Swallow Street ran from Piccadilly in a direct line to Oxford Street, a few yards west of what has since been called Oxford Circus. Its site is the present liegent Sti-eet, built in 1813 to connect Carlton House with Regent's Park. Strype described it as ' being very long . . . but of no great account for buildings or inhabitants.' Swallow Street, Piccadilly, and Swallow Place, Oxford Street, perpetuated its name as late as- 1885. Of course no traces of Baxter's chapels remain, either here or in the neighborhood of Park Street, the enormous works of the great brewing firm having replaced whole blocks of houses in Southwark (see Shak- spere). Pinner's Hall stood behind Pinner's Court, No. 54| Old Broad Street. The modern Pinner's Hall, on the corner of Old Broad and Great Winchester Streets, and built partly on its site, was, in 1885, entirely devoted to business purposes. St. James's Market, very much curtailed, stood, in 1885, in the block of buildings between Jermyn Street, Charles Street, the present Regent Street, and the Haymarket. Another of his chapels was in Oxendon Street, on the west side, near Coventry Street. It backed upon the gardens of ]\Ir. Secretary Coventry, who was not in sympathy with Baxter, or his form of worship, and who drove the congrega- tion to other quarters by the disturbances he caused to be made under the chapel windows. This building stood until within a few years, and was latterly the home of a Scottish congregation. Baxter spent the last years of his life in Charter House Lane, where he died December 8, 1691. He was buried, a few days later, in Christ Church, Newgate Street, by the side of his wife, ' next to the old altar, or table, in the FRANCIS BKAUMONT. 1585-1615-16.] FRANCIS BEAUMONT. 19 chancel.' On his tomb was inscribed ' The Saint's Rest,' but no trace of it is now to be found. Among the many houses demolished in 1864, for the purposes of the J\Ietropolitan IVleat Market and Metropolitan Railway Extensions, was that in which once resided, and where died, this eminent Non-conformist minister [Baxter], Hi"to!y of in 1691. Tlie dwelling stood for many years ; and ^p^g,j|j^^"' although it was frequently repaired, the larger portion of it remained until 1864, on the eastern side of Charter House Lane, near to the Charter House. Charter House Lane was the eastern end of the present Charter House Street, running from St. John Street to the Square. FRANCIS BEAUMONT. 1585-1615-16. "DEAUMONT was entered a member of the Itiner Temple -'-^ November .3, 1600; but of his life in London little is known, and that only during his association with Fletcher (see Fletcher). Aubrey says : — There was a wonderful consimilarity of phansy between him and Mr. Jo. Fletcher, which caused that dearnesse of friendship between them. I thinke they were both of Queene's Coll, in Cambridge. I have heard Dr. Jo. Earle say, who knew them, that his maine business was to correct the overflowing of Mr. Fletcher's witt. They lived together on the Bankside, not far from the Play House. . . . [They had] the same cloaths and cloaks &tc. between them. The Play House was the Globe Theatre, the site of which is now covered by the Brewery of Barclay and Perkins, 20 ROBERT BLOOMFIELD. [1766-1823. near Southwark Bridge Road (see Shakspere). There I'e- niained in 1885 a number of quaint, plastered, two-storied houses on the Bankside, which were old enough to have harbored these twin spirits. Tradition says that IJcaumont and Fletcher were fre- quenters of the Mermaid Tavern in Cheapside, where Jon- son and Shakspere were their companions (see Jonson). Beaumont was buried, according to the Register of West- minster Abbey, * at the entrance of St. Benedict's Chapel, Mai-ch 9, 16 15-1 G.' He lies near Chaucer, in an unmarked grave. EGBERT BLOOMFIELD. 1766-1823. "p OBERT BLOOMFIELD, the son of a tailor, came to -*-^ Loudon in 1781 to learn the shoemaker's trade. He lodged first, in a very humble way, at No. 7 Pitcher's Court, Great Bell Alley, Coleman Street, City ; and later in Blue Hart Court, in the same alley. The character of the alley and its courts has entirely changed during the century that has passed, and no traces of any of his homes here are left. After his marriage, in 1790, and while working at his cobbler's bench in Great Bell Yard, he wrote ' The Fai-m- er's Boy,' Cumiiri"-- I ^^^"^ ""^ ^^^* Upcott's hand the poet's shop card, ham's Hand- jigatly engraved and inscribed 'Bloomfield, Ladies' Book of "^ o London : Shoe Maker, No. 14 Great Bell Yard, Coleman Street. Street The best real Spanish Leather at reasonable prices.' Great Bell Yard was opposite Great Bell Alley ; but its name has been changed to Telegraph Street, and it has been t,f^%^ JAMES BOSWELL. 1740-1795.] JAMES BOSWELL. 21 entirely rebuilt. No. 14 Telegraph Street was in 1885 a very new and glaring white glazed tile structure, let out as offices, and called 'The White House.' JAMES BOSWELL. 1740-1795. /^F Boswell's life in London, so closely identified with ^^ that of the subject of his famous biography, but little is to be said, except in connection with Dr. Johnson (q. v.). He came to the metropolis in 1760, and first met Johnson, in May, 1763, at the shop of Tom Davies, No. 8 Russell Street, Oovent Garden (see Johnson). In July of the same year he removed from Downing Street to 'the bottom of Lnier Temple Lane,' where Johnson was liv- ing, in order to be nearer to the object of his devotion. His chambers were in Farrar's Building, now rebuilt ; Johnson's, at No. 1 Liner Temple Lane, opposite, are also rebuilt. In 1768 Boswell was in Half Moon Street, Piccadilly; in 1769, in Old Bond Street, where on the 16th of October he entertained Johnson, Reynolds, Garrick, and Goldsmith ; and in 1772 he was lodging in Conduit Street. He died at No. 47 Great Portland Street, Oxford Street, in 1795. This street has been extended, renumbered and rebuilt. Boswell's house was on the east side, the seventh from the corner of Marylebone Street, towards Langham Street, then Queen Anne Street. He was buried at his family seat in Scotland. Johnson succeeded in electing Boswell a member of The Club (see Goldsmith and Johnson). 3 22 CHARLOTTE BRONTE. [181G-1855. i-iff ami I vvas well pleased to meet The Club for the first Lottcis of . . Lord tune. ... 1 was amused, m tuvuuig over the rec- vol. ii. <*J'''S 01 ilie Club, to come upon puur Lvizys signa- cimp. viu. turc, evideutly ulUxed wheu he was too drunk to guide his pea. CHARLOTTE BRONTE. 1816-1855. T'X7HEN Charlotte and Anne Bronte came to London ^ * in 1848, without male escort, they stopped at the Chapter Coffee House, No. 50 Paternoster Row, the tavern frequented by their father, the only one' of which they had any knowledge in the metropolis, and to which, as guests perhaps, no other women ever went. From here they sallied out to see their publisher, and astonish him with their identity as the authors of 'Jane Eyre' and 'The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.' Although Charlotte afterwards made short visits to London, and was entertained by Rogei's and other noted men, she gives no hint in her letters as to where she lodged in later years. The Chapter Coffee House was in existence in 1885, as a place of refreshment, and but little changed (see Chatterton).^ Half-way up, on the left-hand side [of Paternoster Row], is the Chapter Coffee House. T visited it last June [1856]. It was jj,.g then unoccupied. It had the appearance of a dwelliiig- Gaskell's house two hundred years old or so, such as one some- Life of . . . -^ ' Charlotte times sees in ancient country towns ; the ceilings of vol. il.' the small rooms were low, and had heavy beams run- chap, ii. ning across them ; the walls were wainscoted, breast- high ; the stairs were shallow, broad, and dark, taking up nmch space in the centre of the house. The gray-haired elderly CHARf.OTTE BRONTE. 1803-1873.] BULWER LYTTON. 23 man who officiated as waiter seems to have been toiiched from the very tirst by the quiet simplicity of the two ladies, and he tried to make them feel comfortable and at home in the long, low, dingy room upstairs. Tlie high narrow windows looked into the gloomy Row ; the sisters, clinging together in the most remote window-seat (as Mr. Smith tells me he found them when he came that Saturday evening to take them to the Opera), could see nothing of motion or of change in the grim dark houses opposite, so near and close, although the whole breadth of the Row was ))etween. BULWER LYTTON 1803-1873. BULWER was born at No. 31 Baker Street, a three- storied plain brick house, standing in 1885, on the east side and next to the corner of Dorset Street ; but in his youth his mother lived in Montague Square, in Not- tingham Place, Marylebone, and at No. 5 Upper Seymour (now Seymour) Street, Portmau Square, corner of Berkeley Mews, and numbered 10 in 1885. His first school was at Fiilham, where he remained only a fortnight ; his second at Sunbury, in Middlesex, fifteen miles from London, where, as he says in his Autobiography, he ' wasted two years.' In 1829 he purchased and furnished the house No. 36 Hertford Street, Park Lane, to which he took his wife and infant daughter. It was unchanged in 183)5. In 1837 a letter of Bulwer's was dated from ' Tlie Albany ' (see Byron, p. 32). In the year 1839 James Smith, in a letter, relates : ' I dined yesterday witli E. L. Bulwer at his new residence in Charles Street, Berkeley Square, a splendidly and classically fitted up 24 BULWEU LYTTON. [1803-1873. iiKUision. One of the clrawing-roouis is t^ facsimile of a chamljer wliicli our host visited at Pompeii. Vases, candelabra, chaii's, tables to correspond. He lighted a perfumed pastille modelled from Vesuvius. As soon as the cone of the mountain WitsJiiKi began to blaze I found myself an inhabitant of the vorii!'!'^*"''' devoted city. . . .' There must be some mistake in James {\^\^ record : the house in Charles Street on the north JSmilli. side IS certamly not a mansion, but a dwelling of moderate size, and the Running Footniun public house. At the time of tlie publication of ' Zanoni,' in 1841, Bul- wer was living at No. 1 Park Lane, in a house since rebuilt. Dr. Charles J. B. Williams, in liis ' Recollections,' pub- lished in 1884, thus speaks of Bulwer, who was one of his patients : — When I visited him at his residence in Park Lane, even on entrance at the outer door, I began to find myself in an atmos- phere of perfume, or rather of perfume mixed with tobacco fume. On proceeding further through a long corridor and anteroom the fume waxed stronger, and on entrance to the jiresence chamber, on a divan at the further end, through a haze of smoke loomed his lordship's figure, wrapt in an Oriental dressing-rolje, with a colored fez, and half reclined upon the ottoman. In 1843 Bulwer occupied Craven Cottage at Fulham, on the banks of the Thames, just beyond the Bishop of London's Meadows. It stood in 1885, a complete but picturesque ruin, and must have been, in its day, a very remarkable specimen of fantastic architecture, embracing the Persian, Gothic, Moorish, and Egyptian styles. In the library Bulwer is said to have written more than one of his novels." He lived later in life at No. 12 GrosveiTor Square, on the north side. He died at Torquay, and was buried from his own house, Grosvenor Square, in Westminster Abbey. His favorite clu-b was the Athenteum, on the southwest corner of Pall Mall and AVaterloo Place. 162S-1688.] JOHN BUNYAN. 25 JOHN BUNTAN. 1628-1688. JOHN BUNYAN during his lifetime had few associations with London, although his bones lie not very far from those of the author of ' Robinson Crusoe ' in the Cemetery of Bunhill Fields. He made occasional professional visits to town, however, when he usually preached in the meeting- house in Zoar Street, Southwark, 'near the sign of the Faulcon' (see Shakspere). This Zoar Chapel was about one hundred feet from Gravel Lane, on the left hand of the street going towards that lane. It was used as a wheelwright's shop after Bunyan's time ; and when it was destroyed, its pulpit was carried to the Methodist Chapel in Palace Yard, Laml)eth. Bunyan gathered together congre- gations of tlu-ee thousand persons on Sundays, and twelve or fifteen hundred on week days. There is a tradition that he had lodgings at one time on London Bridge, but there seems to be but little foun- dation for the story. While he was on one of these visits to town, in 1688, he died at the house of his friend Mr. Strudwick, a grocer, ' at the Sign of the Star on Snow Hill.' Robert Philips, in his 'Life of Bunyan' (chap, xlv.), quotes, from a manuscript in the Library of the British Museum, the following account of his death : — Taking a tedious journey in a slal)by, rainy day, and return- ing late to London, he was entertained by one Mr. Strudwick, a grocer on Snow Hill, with all the kind endearments of a loving friend, but soon found himself indisposed with a kind of shaking, as it were an ague, which increasing to a kind of fever, he took 26 JOHN BUNYAN, [1628-1688. to his bed, where, growiiis,' worse, he found th;it he had not long to hist in thi.s workl, and iherelbre prepared hiniseli' for another, towards which lie had been journeying as a PiLGUiM and Stranger up(jn earth the piiuie ol his days. Snow Hill, in the seventeenth century, is described as having been a circuitous highway, between Holborn Bridge and Newgate, very narrow, very steep, and very dangerous. Pink, in hia ' History of Clerkenwell,' believes that the house in which Bunyan died must have been removed when Skin- ner Street was formed, in 1802, if it existed so long as that. Skinner Street ran by the south side of St. Sepulchre's Church, but was itself wiped out of existence when tlie Hol- born Viaduct was built. It would appear, therefore, that the Sign of the Star was directly under the eastern pier of the Viaduct. An altar tomb with his recumbent figure upon it, on the southern side of Bunhill Fields Burial Ground, City lioad, has been erected to Bunyan's memory, although there seems to be some doubt as to where he was actually buried there. He was interred at first in the back part of that ground known as ' Baptists' Corner.' The tradition (and I think the Philips' Life P'''^^^'''-^jilJty) i^^ that his friend Mr. Strudwick 'had of Bunyan, given commandment concerning his bones' that they should be transferred to the present vault whenever an interment took place. ... It does not say, however, that Bunyan is imdemeath ; and I know persons of respectability who affirm that he is not there. One gentleman assures me that the coffin was shown to him in another vault in quite another quarter of the ground. . . . On the other hand, the nephew of the late chaplain of Bunhill Fields informs me that his uncle invited him to see Bunyan's coffin in Strudwick's vault ; and the son of the late Manager of the Graves always understood his father to mean, when he said ' that Bunyan was not buried there,' that it was not his original grave. ^^^^'^^'^K^X ^' JOHN BUNYAN, 17;30-1797.I EDMUND BUKKE. 27 EDMUND BUPtKE. 1730-1797. "DURKE arrived in London in 1750, and kept terms regularly in the Miildle Temple. Of the details of his early life and struggles he rarely spoke ; and almost nothing is known, except that he lived at 'The Pope's Head, over the shop of Jacob Robinson, bookseller and publisher, just within the Inner Temple Gateway,' and that shortly after his marriage, in 1756, he lived in Wimpole Street, Oxford Street. The shop of Jacob Robinson has now disappeared, al- though just within the adjoining Middle Temple Gateway Avas, in 1885, a curious old house, occupied by a firm of law stationers, who were doing a business which their sign declared to have been * established two hundred years.' Robinson's shop was on the west side of the Gateway, next the Rainbow Tavern, and was numbered afterwards 16 Fleet Street. In 17G4 Burke was living in Queen Anne Street, Oxford Street, and watching the debates in the House of Com- mons from the Strangers' Gallery. In 1780 he occupied a house in Westminster, one side of which, according to AValcott in his ' Memorials of West- minster,' contained 'an arch of the eastern wall of the Old Gate leading into Dean's Yard.' This was a portion of the fiimous Gate House in which were confined so many illus- trious state prisoners. It stood at the end ^f Tothill Street, covering considerable space on each side of that thorough- fjire, and extending from Dean's Yard to tlie site of the 28 SAMUEL BUTLER. [161-2-1G80. Westminster Hospital. Burke's house here was taken down some years ago. In 1781 Burke had removed to the more fashionable neighborhood of St. James's Square. From St. James's Square we pass eastward into Charles Street, Jesse's Lon- interesting from its Laving been for a time the resi- 8t"jainesV ^•^^"'^^ ^^ Burke. It was here [in 1781] that Crabbe Square. addressed to him that touching letter, and was admitted to that affectionate interview which happily so revolutionized the poet's fortuue.s. In 1787 Burke lived at No. 37 Gerard Street, Soho, in a house marked by the tablet of the Society of Arts. In 1793 he lodged at No. 6, and in 1794 at No. 25, Duke Street, St. James's, in houses greatly changed since his day. He died at Beaconsfield in Buckinghamshire. Burke's earliest flights of oratory were made in a debating- club held in the Robin Hood Tavern, Essex Street, Strand, of which no trace is now left. He was in after years a mem- ber of Brooks's Club, No. 60 St. James's Street, and an original member of The Club (see Johnson). He was also frequently to be found at The Tully's Head, Dodsley's Shop, No. 51 Pall Mall (see Akenside). SAMUEL BUTLER. lR12-ir)80. "D UTLER'S life in London was neither happy nor prosper- "^"^ ous, and but few records are left of his existence here. He is believed to have had chambers at one time in Gray's Inn, although he was not a member of that Society, His later years were passed in poverty, and he died in Rose "''^-^een appiised of his peculiarities with respect to food, the embarrassment of our host was not a little on discovering that there was nothing upon the table which his noble guest could eat or drink. Neither meat, fish, nor wine would Lord Byron touch, and of biscuits and soda- water, which he asked for, there had been unluckily no provision. He professed, however, to be equally well pleased with potatoes and vinegar, and of these meagre materials contrived to make rather a hearty dinner. Some days after, meeting Hobhouse, I said to him, ' How long will Lord Byron persevere in his present diet?' He replied, ' Just as long as you continue to notice it.' I did not Rogers's then know what I now know to be a fact, — that Byron, '^'^^^'^ Talk, after leaving my house, had gone to a club in St. James's Street, and eaten a hearty meat supper. Byron's meeting with Sir Walter Scott, the latter thus de- scribes in a letter to Moore, written after Byron's death : — It was in the spring of 1815 that, chancing to be in London, I had the advantage of a personal introduction to Lord Byron. Eeport had ])repared me to meet a man of peculiar habits and a quick temper; and I had some doubts Lite of'seott, whether we were likely to suit each other in society, ^^'^^^y *^^'^^*' I Avas most agreeably disappointed in this respect. I found Lord Byron in the highest degree courteous and even kind. We met for an hour or two almost daily in Mr. Murray's drawing- room [No. 50 A, Albemarle Street], ami found a great deal to say 34 LUKl) BY RON. [1788-1824. to each other. ... I saw Lord Byron for the hist time in 1815, after I n'tunieil ['nnu France, lie dined, or lunched, with me at Long's, in Bond Street. I never saw him so i'ull of gayety or good- humor, to which the presence of Mr. Mathews, the comedian, a5tfS«*v.^ ■=&*! THOMAS CARLYLE. 1795-1881.] THOMAS CAKLYLE. 39 what, all shelved and tit to liold crockery for the whole street. Such is the ground area, which, of course, continues to the top, and furnishes every bedroom with a dressing-room, or second bed- room ; on the whole, a most massive, roomy, suthcient old house, with places, for example, to hang, say, three dozen hats or cloaks on, and as many curious and queer old presses and shelved closets (all tight and new painted in their way) as would gratify the most covetous Goody : rent thirty-five pounds. . . . We lie sale at a bend of the river, away from all the great roads, have air and quiet hartUy inferior to Craigenputtock, an outlook from the 1)ack Avindows into more leafy regions, with here and tliere a red liigh- peaked old roof looking through, and see nothing of London except by day the summits of St. Paul's Cathedral and West- minster Abbey, and by night the gleam of the great Babylon, affronting the peaceful skies. The house itself is probably the best we have ever lived in, — a right old strong, roomy brick house built nearly one hundred and fifty years ago [written in 1834], and likely to see three races of these modern fashionables fall before it comes down. There he sat, aged, honored, famous, — the leading man of letters, perhaps, of his generation. An old dressing-gown wrapped around him, slippers on his feet, his face grim as j^,,,,^,.^ Ln'anite, and liis eves with that sad prophetic gaze BiKhaiian's o ' ' 11/^1 SaiKlie which is reproduced in all the photographs. On the Maopher- book-shelves close around him were well-thumbed volumes, nearly all of them presentation copies, with the auto- graphs of their mighty authors, chief among them a set of Goethe with notes in the poet's own handwriting. . . . Only the day before he had l^een sent for by the Queen of England as one of the two or three great men it behooved her to know and honor •, and having spent several hours of conversation with her, he had pronounced her ' a nice homely body, just like scores of farmers' wives he had met in Allandale.' Fronde, in bis 'Carlyle' (vol. iv. chap, xxxv.), thus de- scribes his last hours: — His bed had been moved into the drawing-room, which still bore tlie stamp of his wife's hand upon it. Her work-box and ^0 ELIZABETH CAUTEli. [1717-1806. other ladies' trittes lay about iu their old places. He had for- bidden them to be removed, and they stood within reach of his dying hand, lie was wandering when I came to his side. He recognized me. ' I am very ill,' lie said. ' Is it not strange that tho.-^e people should have chosen the very oldest man in all Britain to make sutler this way /' . . . When I saw him ne.vt, his speech was gone. His eyes were as if they did not see, or were fixed on sometliing far away. . . . This was on the 4tli of February, 1881. The morning following he die • 70 KICIIAKD CUMEEKLAXD [173-2-1811. breakfast was ready, he was found dead on his knees in the pos- ture of prayer. He had complained for some days of an asthmatic affection, one of the paroxysms of which probably terminated his life. Camden Passage, running from Camden Street, Islington, southerly, behind the High Street, and parallel with that thoroughfare, was in 1 885 a short narrow crooked lane be- tween rows of one- and two-storied brick houses, dingy, and some of them as old, pi'obably, as Cruden's time ; but his house, or the exact position of it, cannot now be discovered. Cruden was buried in the ground of the Dissenters in Deadman's Place, Southwark, which was described as being • the second turning in Park Street on the left fi'om the Borough Market.' The cemetery is no longer in existence. The Brewery of Barclay and Perkins occupies a portion of its site. EICHAED CUMBERLAND. 1732-1811. /CUMBERLAND entered Westminster School (see ^^^ Churchill, p. 50) in 1744, when he boarded in ' Peters Street, two doors from the turning out of College Street,' — a vague address, as Peters Street and Great College Street both run east and west. Cumber- I remained in Westminster School, as well as I can land 3 Me- n n . iiioiiofHiiii- recollect, half a year in the shell, and one year in the "" ' ' ' sixth form. . . . When only hi my fourteenth year, I was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge. At Westminster, with him, were the elder Colman, Cowper, Churchill, and AVarren Hastings. 1784-1842.] ALLAN CUNNINGHAM. 71 111 his twentieth year, upon becoming Secretary to Lord Halifax, he found lodgings in Downing Street, and after- wards in Mount Street, Berkeley Square. In my lodgings in Mount Street, I liad stocked myself with my own books, some of mv father's, and those which „ , Dr. Richard Beiitley had bestowed upon me. I sought land's Me- , 1 J. ,. inoir of no company, nor wished lor any new connections. . . . Himself, About this time I made my first small offering to the '^ '^^*' "' press, following the steps of Gray with another ' Churchyard Elegy,' written on St. Mark's Eve. Cumberland, after his marriage, ' took a house for a short time in Luke Street, Westminster, and afterwards in Abins:- don Buildings.' Abingdon Buildings ran from Abingdon Street to the Thames, opposite Great College Street. It dis- appeared on the erection of the new Houses of Parliament. Later, Cumberland lived for many years in Queen Anne Street, at the corner of Wimpole Street. Here he wrote the ' West Indian,' and here, probably, he remained until he removed to Tunbridge Wells, in 1781. Cumberland was again in London during the last few years of his life, and he died at the house of a friend in Bedford Place, Russell Square. He was buried close to Shakspere's statue, in the Poets' Corner. ALLAN CUNNINGHAM. 1784-1842. A LLAN CUNNINGHAM lived from 1824 until the time of his death, eighteen years later, at No. 27 Lower Belgrave Place, in a house unchanged in 1885, but then known as No. 98 Buckingham Palace Eoad. He was foreman 72 MADAME D'ARBLAY. [1752-1840. for many years in the stiidio of Chantrey, on the corner of Lower Belgrave Place and Eccleston Street, still standing, half a century later, as Chantrey left it, and called Chan- trey House. Cunningliam was buried in the northwest corner of the * cemetery of Keusal (ireen. Mi"s. Thomson, in her ' Recollections of Literary Char- acters,' thus describes her first interview with Cunningham in Chantrey's studio : — Covered with a sort of apron or pinafore, such as good old- fashioned cooks used to put on when cooking, a small cliisel in his hand, his face wearing a puzzled look, and emerging from a half'-tiiiished monument, came forth Allan Cunningham. . • . ' There are some pretty things here,' he remarked, in his broad Scotch, — • the broadest Scotch, — a Scotch never diluted by the slightest approach to English, — a Scotch just intelligible, and that is all. MADAME D'A RELAY. 1752-1840. "PANNY BURNEY was brought to London by her par- -^ ents in 17G0; and when her mother died, during the next year, she was at school near her father's house in Queen Square, Bloomsbnry, perhaps under the tuition of Churchill (see Churchill, p. .51). In 1774, when Dr. Burney was organist to Chelsea Hospital she lived in the grounds be- longing to that institution. Portions of 'Evelina' were written at No. 35 St. Martin's Street, Leicester Square. Numerous were the friends who frecj^uented Dr. Burney's hospitable residence in Poland Street [Oxford Street], and also -^^ ^x ^«\ \V%. MADAME D ARBLAY. 1752-1840.] MADAME D'AKBLAY. id that in Queen Square, which he afterwards occupied. The lat- ter he subsequently exchanged for the house in St. ^j^.^ Martin's Street, which had once been the abode of Elwood's Sir Isaac Newton, and where still remained, above Ladies of the attic, his observatory [see Newton], which, with vo"i°u." ' due reverence, Dr. Burney caused to be repaired and p.^^Sy preserved. A letter of Miss Barney's, dated 1785, was written 'at Mrs. Delaney's, in St. James's Place,' St. James's Street. She became Madame D'Arblay in 1793; and after *a long residence on the Continent, and at Bath and elsewhere in the provinces of England, she settled in London in 1818. Thursdmj, October 18, 1818. — I came this evening to my new and probably last dwelling. No. 11 Bolton Street, Piccadilly My kind James conducted me. Oh, how heavy is luy jj^^^^^^^ forlorn heart ! I have made myself very busj' all day ; DArbiay's so only could I have supported this first opening to my baleful desolation. No adored husband. No beloved son. But the latter is only at Cambridge. Ah ! let me struggle to think more of the other, the first, the chief, as only one removed from my sight by a transitory journey. Sir Walter Scott was taken by Rogers to call on Madame D'Arblay in Bolton Street. November 18. —I have been introduced to Madame D'Arblay, the celebrated authoress of ' Evelina ' and ' Cecilia,' ggQ^t-s an elderly lady with no remains of personal beauty, P''*''/,' ^^.!? • but with a simple and gentle manner, and pleasing ex- Life of pression of countenance, and apparently quiet feelings. Madame D'Arblay's house was standing in 1885, the num- bers in Bolton Street being unchanged. Afterwards she went to the corner of Piccadilly and Half Moon Street, on the east side of the latter thoroughfore; but the house no longer remains. She died in Lower Grosvenor Street, New Bond Street, in 1840. 74 WILLIAM DAVKNANT. [1G05-1668. WILLIAM DAVENANT. 1605-1668. /~\F Davenant's private life in Loudon little is known now, ^^ except that the first Lady Davenant died in Castle Yard, (since called Castle Street), Holborn, — a short street opposite Furnival's Inn, the character of which has entirely changed during the last two centuries, — and that Davenant himself died in apartments over or immediately adjoining the Duke's Theatre, Portugal How, the site of which was afterwards occupied by the College of Surgeons. The chief entrance to the theatre, which ran back to the south side of Lincoln's Inn Fields, was on Portugal Street, facing Carey Street. The Tennis Court in Little Lincolnes Inne Fielde was turned into a play house for the Duke of Yorke's players, where S' Wil- . ^ , liani had lodgings, and where he dyed April 166- Aubrey's o o ? i, , , i . Lives : [1668]. I was at his fmierall ; he had a coffin of walnutt-tree. Sir John Denham said 'twas the finest coffin that ever he sawe. His body was carried in a hearse from the play house to Westnnnster Abbey, where at the great west dore he Avas received by the singing men and choris- ters, who sang the service of the chiu'ch to liis grave, which is in the south crosse aisle, on which, on a paving stone of mar- hie is writt in imitation of y* on Ben Jonson, ' O rare S' Wm. Davenant.' I up and down to the Duke of York's play house to see, which I did, Sir W. Davenant's corpse carried out towards Diary, vol. Westminster, there to be buried. Here were many 1668.^^'"' ^' coaches, and many hacknies, that made it look, methought, as if it were the buriall of a poor poet. He seemed to have many children, by five or six in the first mourning coach, all boys. 1748-1789. J THOMAS DAY. 75 Davenant directed theatrical performances at Eutland House, which stood at the upper end of Aldersgate Street, near what has since been called Charter House Square ; and at the Cock Pit Theatre, in Cock Pit Alley, afterwards called Pitt Place, Drury Lane. This theatre was long since taken down ; and the street upon which it stood, and which ran from No. 20 Great Wild Street to No. 135 Drury Lane, entirely disappeared on the erection of the Peabody Build- ines for AVorkiuomen. .Davenant's name is also associated with the Red Bull Theatre in Red Bull Yard, Clerkenwell; no trace of which, or even of the street that contained it now remains. Red Bull Yard is shown, by comparison with old maps, to be the present (1885) Woodbridge Street, or part of it ; and the theatre probably stood behind the arch- way called Hay ward's Place, St. John's Street, Clerkenwell, opposite Compton Street. One of Davenant's haunts was the Brew House in Axe Yard, Westminster, afterwards Fluyder Street, on the west side of King Street, between Charles and Downing Streets. It is now covered by the public offices (see Pepys). THOiMAS DAY. 1748-1789. T ^HE author of ' Sandford and Merton ' was bom in Wellclose Square, Shadwell. As a child he lived at Stoke Newintiton, where he received the first rudiments of his education. In 1757 he was sent to the Charter House (see Addison, p. 1), where he remained seven years. He was a student of the Middle Temple ; but the greater part of his life was spent at Anningsley Park, Addlestone, Surrey. r* /"» 76 DANIEL JJE FUK. [lGOl-1731. DANIEL DE FOE. 1660-1731. "n\ANIEL DE FOE, son of James Foe, a butcher, was ^-^ bom in the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegatc ; and at the age of twelve was sent to the Dissenters' School, on the north side of Newington Green, near the Dissenting Chapel, where he remained four years, and received all the educa- tion his father was willing, or able, to give him. One of his schoolmates is said to have been named Crusoe. In 1685 De Foe occupied a shop in Freeman's Court, Cornhill, at the east end of the Royal Exchange, a sti'eet no longer in existence."* Here he remained in trade as a hosier and wool-dealer for ten years. He was afterwards engaged in the manufacture of tiles and bricks on the banks of the Thames at or near Tilbury, when he lived close to his place of business, and spent much of his leisure on the river. In January, 1703, the House of Commons resolved that a book of his should be burned by the Common Hangman in Palace Yard, Westminster ; and the Secretary of State issued the following interesting proclamation, still preserved in the Records : — Whereas, Daniel De Foe, alias De Fooe, is charged with writing a scandalous and seditious pamphlet entitled ' The Short- est Way with the Dissenters.' He is a middle-sized spare man, about forty years old, of a brown complexion, and dark brown colored hair, but wears a wig ; a hooked nose, a sharp chin, gray eyes, and a large mole near his moutii. A reward of fifty pounds was offered for his discovery and arrest. DANIEL DKFOE. 1661-1731.] DANIEL DE FOE. 77 On the 29th mst. [July, 1703] Daniel Foe, alias De Foe, stood in the pillory before the Royal Exchange in London Cornhill, as he did yesterday near the Conduit in j^fy ^f' Cheapside, and this day at Temple Bar. i7oa. Other missiles than were wont to greet a pillory reached De Foe ; and shouts of a different temper. His health was drunk with acclamations as he stood there, and noth- j^^j^^^ ^^^.^ in" harder than a flower was flung at him. ' The te I's l3io- people were expected to treat me very ill, lie said. Essays : 'but it was not so. On the contrary, they were with me, wished those who had set me there were placed in my room, and expressed their affection by loud shouts and acclamations when I was taken down.' ' The Great Conduit of sweet water ' was at the Poultry end, the Little Conduit at the west end, of Cheapside. Both stood in the middle of the street. Shortly after his release from prison De Foe took his family to Stoke Newington. His house is still standing [1845]. It is on the south side of Church Street, a little to the east of Lordship's po^stei's Lane or Road, and has about four acres of ground Biographi- . cal hssays : attached, bounded on the west by a narrow footway De Foe. (once, if not still) called ' Cut-throat Lane.' 'Robinson Crusoe,' published in 1719, is said to have been written in this house, which was destroyed in 1875, when De Foe Street was cut through its grounds. Sophia De Foe was baptized, and Daniel De Foe, an infant, was buried, in Hackney Church. Both were children of Daniel De Foe. Old Hackney Church was taken down in 1806, and only the tower left standing. - De Foe died on the 24th of April, 1731, in the parish in which he was born, — that of St. Giles, Cripplegate. Forster says : — The precise place of De Foe's death was in Rope Makers' Alley, Moorfields. Of this fact there can be no reasonable doubt, it 78 THOMAS DE QUINCEY. [1786-1859, Ix'inj,' so stated in the ' Daily Courant ' of the day following his death. Rope Makers' Alley no longer exists, but it stood opposite to where the London Institution now stands. The London Institution, built in 1816, stood in 1885 at Nos. 11 and 12 Finsbury Circus. Rope Makers' Alley, as shown on an old map of that portion of London contained in Noorthhonck's ' History of London,' and published in 1772, ran from Finsbury Pavement to Grub Street, now Milton Street, and seems to be identical with the Rope Makers' Street of the present. Its character has greatly changed during the last hundred and fifty years. De Foe was buried in the neighboring cemetery of Bunhill Fields; where stood, in 1885, a granite obelisk with an in- scription stating that it was erected in 1870 'By the Boys and Girls of England to the Memory of the Author of Robinson Crusoe.' THOMAS DE QUINCEY. 178&-1859. TT was late in November, 1802, when De Quincey, having ■*■ run away from school, first arrived in London. He found miserable lodgings in Greek Street at the corner ot Soho Square, and for some time lived the life of a vagrant in the streets and in the parks.*^ He bought his first dose of opium in 1804 at a chemist's shop in Oxford Street near the Pantheon, which was num- bered 173 Oxford Street in 1885. In 1808 and later, he lodged in Titchfield Street, Dean Street, Soho, and in Northumberland Street, Marylebone. About the same time he entered himself as a student in the Middle Temple. THOMAS DE QDINCEV. 1812-1870.] CHARLES DICKENS. 79 The 'Confessions of an Opium Eater' were written in a little back-room at No. 4 York Street, Covent Garden, on the premises of Mr. Bohn, the book dealer and publisher, where De Quincey lived a comparatively secluded life for some time, seeing much, however, of Hood, Hogarth, and the Lambs. Mr. Bohn retired from business some years ago ; but his house in York Street, occupied in 1885 by a publish- ing-firm, was quite unchanged. CHAELES DICKENS. 1812-1870. "DORN at Portsea, Dickens was brought to London as -*-^ a child, loved London as only London, it seems, can be loved, spent the greater part of his busy life in London, and rests now among London's cherished dead. In Forster's biography we can follow Dickens from street to street in the metropolis, until we leave him in the Poets' Corner, on the banks of that Thames he knew so well. At the age of ten he was lodging in Bayham Street, Cam- den Town. ' A washerwoman lived next door, and a Bow Street officer lived over the way.' The life and the sur- roundings there wei'e miserable enough. The family then moved to No. 4 North Gower Street (now simply Gower Street), on the east side, a few doors from Francis Street, and between that thoroughfare and University Street. It has been renumbered. A large brass plate on the door told to the world that this was ' Mrs. Dickens's Establishment.' Hero they remained until the elder Dickens was carried, like Mr. Dorrit, to the Marshal- 80 CHARLES DICKENS. [1812-1870. sea. The prisoner was lodged ' in the top story but one,' in chambers afterwards occupied by the Dorrits, and Charles for a time ran daily to visit him from Gower Street, across the town and the river. That certain portions of the Marshalsea are still standing is not generally known. Indeed, the fact was not known to Dickens himself when he began ' Little Dorrit ; ' but in the Preface to that story he gives this account of a visit to it : — I found the outer front couit-y;ud metamorphosed into a but- ter shop ; and I then almost gave up every brick of the jail for lost. Wandering, liowever [from the Borough High Street, a few doors from the Church of St. George], down a certain adjacent 'Angel Court leading to Bermondsey,' I came to ' Marshalsea Place;' . . . and whosoever goes here will find his feet on the very paving-stones of the extinct Marshalsea jail, — will see its narrow yard to the right and to the left, very little altered, if at all, except that the walls were lowered when the place got free, — will look upon the rooms in which the debtors lived, and will stand among the crowded ghosts of many miserable years. The place still remained in 1 885 as Dickens has described it f and the associations of David Copperfield with the mel- ancholy spot are those of the young Charles Dickens, who knew it as well as David knew it, and in much the same way. Dr. B. E. Martin, in his admirable paper ' In London with Dickens' (' Scribner's Magazine,' March, 1881), tells how little is left of the early homes and haunts of the great novelist. The blacking-warehouse at Old Himgerford Stairs, Strand, op- posite Old Hungerford Market, in which he tied up the pots of blacking, has long since been torn down. That ' cra/y old house with a wharf of its own, abutting on the water when the tide was in, and on the mud when the tide was out, and literally overrun with rats,' is now replaced by a row of stone buildings ; the 1812-1870.] CHARLES DICKENS. 81 embankment has risen over the mud, and the vast Charing Cross Station stands opposite, on the site of the Old Hungerford Market, and of ' The Swan, or Swan and something else,' — the miserable old public where he used to get his bread and cheese and glass of beer. The very name of the street is gone, and Villiers Street has sponged out the memory of Hungerford Stairs. . . . Indeed, it is no longer possible to find any of the places he mentions in his narrative to Forster. . . . Bayhani Street, where he lived, is entirely rebuilt. Durino; the residence of the elder Dickens in the Mar- shalsea his son found lodgings in a back attic in Lant Street Borough, where he afterwards placed Bob Sawyer. ' It 's near Guy's, and handy for me, you know. Little distance after you 've passed St. George's Church, — turns out of the High Sti-eet on the right-hand side the way.' Mr. Sawyer does not give the number in asking Mr. Pickwick and ' the other chaps ' to the famous party ; but Lant Street un- doubtedly still stands as Mr. Pickwick found it, and as the vounjr Dickens knew it in 1822-24. It is a by-street, and its dulness is soothing. A house in Lant Street would not come within the denomination of a lirst-rate residence, in the strict acceptance of the term, but it is pickwick, a most desirable spot, nevertheless. If a man wished ''''''^r- ^'^'^• to abstract himself from the world, to remove himself from within the reach of temptation, to place himself beyond the possibility of any inducement to look out of the window, he should by all means go to Lant Street. It was during this period that Dickens ordered the 'glass of Genuine Stunning Ale,' and excited the sympathy and won the motherly kiss of the publican's wife, so pathetically told in 'Copperfiekl' In a private letter, late in life, he declares this to have been an actual experience, and that the public house was tlie Red Lion, still standing in 1885 on the northeast corner of Derby and Parliament Streets, Westminster. 82 CHARLES DICKENS. [1812-1870. Of the many lodging-house homes of the Dickenscs there is no particular reason to speak here. Little that is inter- esting is associated with them. The original Mrs. Pipchin was his landlady in Little College Street, Camden Town, now College Street,^" between Jeffreys Street and King's Road ; and the original of the Marchioness waited on the family while they wei'e in the Marshalsea." Dickens's first school of any importance was described by one of his schoolfellows in 1871, as still standing on the corner of Granby Street and the Hampstead Road, in its original state, although the school playground in the rear was destroyed on the formation of the London and North- western Railway. It figures in one of his papers entitled ' Our School,' and its masters suggested Mr. Creakle and Mr. Mell of Salem House. In 188.5 it remained compara- tively unchanged. Dickens was living in Furnival's Inn, Holborn, when ' Pickwick ' was conceived and written ; here was -spent the first year or two of his married life, and here, in 1837, his eldest son was born. John Westlock, it will be remem- bered, lived in Furnival's Inn. His rooms were the perfection of neatness and convenience, Chuzziewit, ^t ^^Y I'^te ; and if he were anything but comfortable, chap. xiv. ^-^Q fault was certainly not theirs. Perhaps Dickens thought of his own young married life, when he painted sweet Ruth Pinch looking out upon the twilight into the shady quiet place, while her brother was absorbed in music, and her brother's friend stood silently but eloquently by her side. In March, 1837, Dickens took his little family to No. 48 Doughty Street, Mecklenburgh Square, — a house still standing in 1885, — where he remained three years, and wrote ' Oliver Twist ' and ' Nicholas Nickleby.' Doughty Street runs from Mecklenburgh Square to John CHARLES DICKENS. 1812-1870.] CHARLES DICKENS. 83 Street, a quiet retired little street, cut off, at the John Street end, by iron gates, which are only opened for carts and carriages that have business in the street itself. Tlie prop- erty belongs to the notorious Tichborne Estate, and by them is sacredly held as No Thoroughfare to the general public. Late in the year 1839 Dickens removed to No. 1 Devon- shire Terrace, Regent's Park. ' A house of great promise (and great premium), undeniable situation and excessive splendor, is in view.' Here he lived, while in London, until 1851, during which time he wrote, in the order named, 'The Curiosity Shop,' ' Barnaby Rudge,' 'American Notes,* ' Martin Chnzzlewit,' ' Christmas Carol,' ' The Chimes,' 'The Cricket on the Hearth,' ' Dombey and Son,' 'The Battle of Life,' ' The Haunted Man,' and ' David Copper- field.' A drawing of the Devonshire Terrace House, by Maclise, is reproduced in the third volume of Forster's ' Life of Dickens.' It w^as here that he lost by death, in 1841, the raven who figures in 'Barnaby Rudge' as ' Grip,' and whose last hours he so beautifully desci'ibed in the letter now preserved in the Forstcr Collection at South Kensington. Towards eleven o'clock he was so much worse that it was found necessary to muffle the stable knocker. ... On the clock striking twelve he appeared slightly agitated ; but he soon re- covered, walked twice or thrice along the coach-house, stopped to bark, staggered, exclaimed, ' Helloa, old girl ! ' (his favorite expression), and died. Kate is as well as can be expected, but terribly low, as you may suppose. The children seem rather glad of it. He bit their ankles ; but that was play. Devonshire Terrace consists of three houses at the north end of High Street, Marylebone. No. 1, in 1885, was a large brick mansion, with a garden, on the corner of Maryle- bone Road. 84 CHARLES DICKENS. [1812-1870. Dickens moved to Tavistock House, Tavistock Square, ip. October, 1851. In Tavistock Square stands Tavistock House. This and the strip of garden in front of it are shut out from the thoroughfare by an iron railing. A large garden with a grass jilat Christian and high trees stretches behind the house, and gives it a countrified look in the midst of this coal and gas steam- ing London. In the passage from street to garden hung pictures and engravings. Here stood a marble bust of Dickens, so like him, so youthful and handsome ; and over a bedroom door and a dining-room door were inserted the bas-reliels of Night and Day, after Thorwaldsen. On the first floor was a rich library with a fireplace and a writing-table, looking out on the garden ; and here it was that in winter Dickens and his friends acted plays to the satisfaction of all parties. The kitchen was underground, and at the top of the house were the bedrooms. I had a snug room looking out on the garden ; and over the tree-tops I saw the London towers and spires appear or disappear as the weather cleared or thickened. In Tavistock House Dickens wrote portions of ' Bleak House,' 'Hard Times,' 'Little Dorrit,' and the 'Tale of Two Cities.' It was still standing in 1885, and occupied as a Jewish College. In 18G0 Dickens removed to Gad's Hill ; and he never afterwards had a permanent home in London, except the Chambers at No. 26 Wellington Street, corner of York Street, Strand, over the office of ' All the Year Round.' Dickens's intimacy with his biograjjher naturally led him often to Forster's house. No. 58 Lincoln's Inn Fields, which, as Dr. Martin has shown us, was Tulkinghorn's house as well. Here in a large house, formerly a house of State, lives Mr. Tulkiiighorn. It is let off in sets of chambers now ; House, and in those shrunken fragments of its greatness law- chap. X. ^,^j.g |.g^ |j|,g maggots in nuts. But its roomy staircases, 1812-1870.] CHARLES ]nc:KENS. 85 passages, and ante-chambers still remain ; and even its painted ceiling, where Allegory in Roman helmet and Celestial linen sprawls among balustrades and pillars, flowers, clouds and big- legged boys, and makes the head ache, as would seem to be Alle- gory's object always, more or less. This house was standing iu 1885, little changed except that Allegory had been whitewashed out of sight by later tenants. It was in this house that on the 2d December, 1844, Dickens read 'The Chimes' to that brilliant com- pany of his friends, as described by Mi-. Forster. An occasion rather memorable, in which was the germ of those readings to larger audiences, by which, as nuich Forstei's as by his books, the world knew him in his later life, Lifeof Uick- '' - ' _ ' ens, vol. 11. but of which no detail beyond the fact remains in chap. vii. my memory ; and all are dead now who were present at it, ex- cepting only Mr. Carlyle and myself. Among those, however, who have thus passed away, was one, our excellent Maclise, who, anticipating the advice of Captain Cuttle, had ' made a note ' of it in pencil, which I am able here to reproduce. It will tell the reader all he could wish to know. He will see of whom the party con- sisted, and may be assured that in the grave attention of Carlyle, the eager interest of Stanfield and Maclise, the keen look of poor Laman Blanchard, Fox's rapt solemnity, Jerrold's .skyward gaze, and the tears of Harness and Dyce, the characteristic points of the scene are sufficiently rendered. The original of this drawing is in the Forster Collection in the Museum of South Kensington ; and, as Dr. Martin says, — In the left-hand corner of the room (as sketched by Maclise) vou shall see the very frescos — weii'd figures with wav- „ •, •'_ _ _•' _ '^ _ SiTibner s ing arms and pointing fingers — which Dickens placed Ma,L;,T2ine, • 1 11 1 n^ , n-i -11 1 1 -T March, 1881. With such ghostly effect on lulkinghorns ceilmg. The last home of Dickens in London was the house of Milner-Gibson, No. 5 Hyde Park Place, which he occupied for a few months. Writing herefrom to James T. P^ields, January 14, 1870, he says : — 86 BENJAMIN DISKAELl. [1804-1881. We live opposite the Murble Arch, in a charming house until Fields's Yes- the 1st of June, and then return to Gad's Hill. . . . Authors" '"^ ' ^ ^^^VQ. a large room here with three fine windows Dickens. overlooking the Park, unsurpassable tor airiness and cheerfulness. Several numbers of ' Edvviu Drood ' were written in this house, which was unaltered in 1885. Dickens died, June 9, 1870, at Gad's Hill, and was buried, June 14, in the Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey.- Close under the bust of Thackeray lies Charles Dickens, not, it may be, his equal in humor, but more than his equal in his Dean Stan- liold on the popular mind, as was shown in the intense ley's West- and general enthusiasm shown at his grave. The minster ° ° Abbey. funeral, according to Dickens's urgent and express desire in his will, was strictly private. It took place at an early hour in the summer morning, the grave having been dug in secret the night before ; and the vast solitary space of the Abbey was occupied only by the small band of mourners, and the Abbey Clergy, wlio, without anj^ music except the occasional peal of the organ, read the funeral service. For days the spot was visited by thousands ; many were the flowers strewn upon it by unknown hands ; many were the tears shed by the poorer visitors. He rests beside Sheridan, Garrick, and Henderson. BENJAMIN DISKAELl. 1804-1881. ' I ''HE registry of the Spanish and Portuguese Jewish Syna- gogue. No. 10 Bevis Marks, proves the younger Dis- raeli to have been born December 21, 1804, although the residence of his father at that time is not given, and it is very difficult to determine now the place of his birth. It was, according to the various biographers, at Hackney, Islington, BENJAMIN DISRAELI. i804-1881.] BENJAMIN DISRAELI. 87 St. .Mary Axe, and Bloomsbury Square, and it is even said that Lord Beaconsfield himself once told a friend that he was born in a library in the Adelphi. It would seem, how- ever, that Islington has the strongest claim to the distinc- tion ; and Dr. John B. Jeaflreson, in a letter to the London ' Standard,' in 1881, says that the D'Israelis were living in 1803 behind Canonbury Tower (see Goldsmith), that while this house was undergoing repairs they lived for a twelve- month next door to Dr. Jeaflreson (grandfather of this writer), in Trinity Row, and that Benjamin Disraeli was unexpectedly born there, Dr. Jeaffreson being the medical attendant. Dr. B. E. Martin, who has in many ways shown his in- terest in this work, and who has been of the greatest assist- ance in its production, has learned by personal inquiry that the members of the Jeaffreson family who were contempo- raries of Benjamin Disraeli, and who were his playmates iu infancy, always believed him to have been the child born iu Trinity Row while his father was their immediate neighbor, although there is no absolute proof that such was the case. The name of D'Israeli does not appear in the London direc- - tories of 1804. This Trinity Row house, still standing in 1885, but known as No. 21.5 Upper Street, Islington, and occupied on its lower floor by shops, is remembered as having been ' a well look- ing dwelling ' in the early part of this century, its front windows commanding a view of Canonbury Fields, and its back windows overlooking its own moderately extensive grounds. Benjamin Disraeli was baptized in the Church of St. An- drew, Holborn, July 13, 1817, and in the registry there is described as ' From King's Road, and said to be about twelve years of age.' The elder D'Israeli is known to have occupied, at that time, the house in King's Road, next to the corner of John Street, and left unchanged in 1885 except 88 BENJAMIN DISRAELI. [1804-1881. that it was then known as No. 22 Theobald's Road. King's Road ran from Gi-ay's Inn Road to Bedford Row, north of Gray's Inn Gardens. Dr. Martin discovered from the rate- books that Isaac D'IsraeU paid rates from 1817 to 1829 on the house on the corner of Hart Street and Bloomsbury Square, numbered then G Bloomsbury Square, but since changed to No. 5. The house now No. G Bloomsbury Square, and generally supposed to have been the home of the D'Israelis, was then No. 6 A or 6|. All this is proved by the records of the Bedford Estate, in which Bloomsbury Square lies,- as well as by statements of residents of the house for many years. Benjamin, therefore, was at least twelve yea-rs of age when his father went to Bloomsbury Square ; and the following account of his ' visit to the room in which he was born' must be considered in the light of romance. The house was left unaltered in 1885. Montagu Cony (Lord Rowton) tuld me that not long ago Lord Beaconsfield visited the house [in Bloomsbury Square] and 8 c Hall's ^^^^^ leave to go over it, which was granted, although Retrospect the attendant had no idea that the courtesy was ex- Life : Bea- tended to the Prime Minister. He sat for some time pondering and reflecting — a grand past and a great future opening before his mental vision — in the room in which he was born. Once I met the two, great father and greater son, at one of the receptions of Lady Blessington. It is certain that from the first to the last no parent ever received more grateful respect or more enduring aff"ection from a child ; and I w^ell re- member that on the evening to which I refer, the devotion of Benjamin Disraeli to Isaac D'Israeli, specially noticed by all who were present, was classed among the admiral^le traits of the after Prime Minister. A writer in ' Punch ' shortly after the death of Lord Bea- constield says that he went to a dame's school in Colebrook Row, Islington, kept by a Miss Palmer ; and he is known to have been a pupil of an academy since called Essex Hall 1766-1848.] ISAAC D'ISRAELI. 89 on Highara Hill, Walthamstow, Essex, six miles from town, where his desk and room, w^ere carefully jjreserved many years later. When a very young man, Disraeli spent a year or two as a clerk in a solicitor's office in the City, some- where in the neighborhood of the Old Jewry ; but his home was generally in his father's family, in town or in Bucking- hamshire, until his marriage with Mrs. Lewis in 1839, when he took possession of her house. No. 1 Grosvenor Gate, corner of Park Lane and Upper Grosvenor Street. Here he lived nntil her death in 1872. This house was still standing in 1885. In 1873 Disraeli moved to No. 2 Whitehall Gardens; and in 1881 he died at No. 19 Curzon Street, May fair, facing South Audley Street. ISAAC D'ISRAELI. 1766-1848. '"pHE only home of Isaac D'Isracli's youth was his fother's -*- house at Enfield, where he was born, and where he remained until his marriage. The site of this house is unknown to the local historians ; Init Foi'd, in his ' Enfield,' believes it to have been on the ground since occupied by the terminus of the Great Eastern Railway. As a young man D'Israeli came now and then to London to read the newspapers in the St. James's Coffee House in St. James's Street (see Addison, p. 7) ; and he spent many hours in the Reading Room of the British Museum. In the ' Memoirs of the Elder D'Israeli by his Son ' the follow- ing story is told : — My father, who had lost the timidity of his childhood, who by nature was verv impulsive, and indeed endowed with a degree 9 90 MICHAEL DliAYTON. [1563-1631. of volubility which is only witnessed in the soutli of France, and which never deserted him to his last hour, was no longer to be controlled. His conduct was decisive. He enclosed his poem to Dr. Johnson with an impassioned statement of his case, com- plaining, which he ever did, that he had never found a counsellor or literary friend. He left his packet himself at Bolt Court [see Johnson], where he was received by Mr. Francis Barber, the doc- tor's well-known black servant, and told to call in a week. Be sure that he was very punctual ; but the packet was returned to him unopened, with a message that the illustrious doctor was too ill to read anytliing. The unhappy and obscure aspirant who received this disheartening message accepted it, in his utter despondency, as a mechanical excuse. But, alas ! the cause was too true ; and a few weeks after the great soul of Johnson quitted earth. The various homes of the elder D'Israeli are described in the preceding paper (see the younger Disraeli, pp. 86-89). In Bloomsbury Square he wrote ' The Curiosities of Literature,' and kindred works, and remained until he took his family in 1825 to Bradenham House, B\ickinghamshire, where he died in 1848. A letter of his was written to the CoTintess of Blessington, but without date, from No. 1 St. James's Place, St. James's Street; and in 1835 both father and son were at No. 31 A,. Park Street, Grosvenor Square, near the corner of King Street, and next door to the White Bear public house. This street has been renumbered. MICHAEL DEAYTON. 1563-1631. T T is not now known when or under what circumstances Drayton first saw London; and nothing is to be gathered concerning his career here from the occasional personal MICHAEL DRAYTON. 1631-1700.] JOHN DRYDEN. 91 allusions scattered throughout his poems. According to Aubrey he ' lived at ye bay-windowe house next the east end of St. Dunstan's Church in Fleet Street.' This house, numbered 186 Fleet Street, was standing in 1885, altered and restored ; but its next-door neighbor city-wards still showed what was its appearance when Drayton occupied it, and published in 1608 an edition of his 'Poems' 'at the Shop of John Smithwick, St. Dunstan's Church Yard under the Diall.' This churchyard, facing Fleet Street, was the Paternoster Row of that day, and much frequented by book- sellers. Drayton was buried in Westminster Abbey, according to Fuller 'in the south aisle near to Chaucer's grave and Spenser's, where his monument stands ; ' but Dean Stanley believes that he lies near the small north door of the nave. Mr. Marshall, the stonecutter in Fetter Lane, told Aubrey that the lines on his 'pious marble were writ by Francis Quarles, a very good man.' They declare that his name cannot fade ; and yet when Goldsmith read them, a century later, he confessed that he had never heard the name before. JOHJT DRYDEN. lesi-ivoo. T^RYDEN was a pupil of Dr. Busby at Westminster ^^ School (see Churchill, p. 51), whei-e is still carefully preserved the old form upon which, in long sprawling school- boyish letters, is the name I Dryden, carved by his own hands. He distinguished himself there as a juvenile poet, and won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, 92 JOHN DKYDEN. [1631-1700. According to Maloiie, he retui'iied to London in 1G57, when Scott believes that he lodged witli llerringman the bookseller, in the then New Exchange, destroyed in 1737. Scott also throws doubt upon the stories of Dryden's dining at a ' threepenny ordinary ' and being ' clad in homely drug- get,' as asserted by Shadwell and others. His circumstances were certainly better than his earlier biographers would have us believe, when he married the daughter of the Earl of Berkshire a few years later. The (late of Dryden's marriage eluded iiK|umes of Maloiie and Scott. He was married by license in the Church of St. Swithiii, by London Stone (as appears by the Peter Ouii- register of that Church), on the 1st December, 1663. ningliaiii, „,, ,■ ^ ^^ i • i • i i / i • -kt Johnson's 1 he entry 01 the license, which is dated 'ultimo JSlo- Poets"'^^^ vembis,' 1663, and is in the office of the Vicar-General Dryden. gf the Archbishop of Canterbury, describes him as a parishioner of St. Clement Danes of abtnit the age of thirty, and the Lady Elizabeth [Howard] as twenty-five and of the parish of St. Martin-in-the-Fields. The poet's signature to the entry is written ' Driden.' Scott gives the date of this marriage as 1665. The Church of St. Swithin, Cannon Street, was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666, but rebuilt by Wren. Peter Cunningham, with his usual care, in his ' Explana- tory Notes to Johnson's Lives of the Poets,' traces Dry- den to his different London homes, and shows that ' he lived from 1673 to 1682 in the Parish of St. Bride's, Fleet Street, on the water side of the street, in or near Salisbury Court (Rate Booke of St. Bride's, Fleet Street) ; and from 1682 to 1686 in a house on the north side of Long Acre facing Rose Street.' The Dryden Press, founded a century and a half ago, stood in 188.5 at No. 137 Long Acre, and marked the site of Drj^den's house there. There is a tradition that Dryden lived once in Fetter N>r>: JOHN DUYDEN. 1631-1700.] JOHN DRYDEN. 93 Lane, where Otway was his neighbor ; but the only authority for this is a mythical story of a combat of wit between him and Otway (see Otway), and the existence, as late as 1885, of a curious old tablet upon the quaint little house at No. 16 Fetter Lane, over Fleur-de-lys Court.^ No record of his occupancy of this house is to be found in any of the biogra- phies of Dryden, nor, it is said, in the parish books. By whom and when the stone was placed there is not now known. Its inscription reads : — Here liv'd John Dryden Ye poet, Born 1631 — Died 1700 Glorious John ! Dryden removed to his last London home, Gerard Street, Soho, in 1686. Dryden's house . . . was the fifth on the left hand coming from Little Newport Street. The back windows „ '■ Scott's looked upon the gardens of Leicester House, of which Dryden, circumstance our poet availed himsel some compliment to the noble owner. ' circumstance our poet availed himself to pay a hand- ° ^^^' ■^"' This house, No. 43 Gerard Street, has been marked by the tablet of the Society of Arts, The gardens in its rear have long since disappeared. One day, Mr. Rogers took Mr. Moore and my father [Sydney Smith] home in his carriage, and insisted on showing them by the way Dryden's house, in some obscure street. It was very wet ; the house looked much like other old land's Me- houses, and having thin shoes on they both lemon- Rev gydney strated, but in vain. Rogers got out, and stood ex- Smith, chap. IX. pecting them. ' Ah, vou see why Rogers don't mind getting out,' exclaimed my father, laughing and leaning out o± the carriage ; ' he has got goloshes on : but, Rogers, lend us each a golosh, and we will then stand on orje leg and admire as Jong as you please. 94 JOILN DliVDEN. [1(331-1700. Drydeu died at No. 43 Gerard Street, May 1, 1700. His i'auiily were preparing to bury him with the decency be- coming their limited circumstances, when Charles Montague, Lord Jeffreys, and other men of cpiality made a suT)scription Diyileii, for a public funeral. The body of the poet was then ^ '" ' removed to the I'liysiciaus' Hall [now destroyed; it stood on tlu; west side of Warwick Lane, Paternoster Row], where it was eml)almed, and lay in state till the 13th day of May, twelve days after his decease. Oil that day the celebrated Dr. Uarth pro- nounced a Latin oration over the remains of his departed friend, wliii'h were then with considerable state, preceded by a band of music and attended by a numerous procession of carriages, trans- ported to Westminster Abbey, and deposited between the graves of Chaucer and Cowley. Johnsou, ill his 'Lives of the Poets,' quotes from a 'Life of Congreve,' printed iu 1730, which on the titlepage is said to contain 'some very curious Memories of Mr. Dryden and His Family,' a remarkable account of Dryden's funeral and of a practical joke played by Lord Jeffreys upon the mourn- ing friends, which appears to have no foundation in fact, although it has been often repeated. From this statement* it would seem that Dr. Garth -^— finished his oration with a superior grace, to the loud acclama- tions of mirth which inspired the mixed, or rather 7>io6, auditors. The procession began to move ; a numerous train of coaches at- tended the hearse, but, good God ! in what disorder can only be expressed by a sixpenny pamphlet soon after published, entitled ' Dryden's Funeral.' At last the corpse arrived at the Abbey, which was all uidighted. No organ played ; no anthem sung ; only two of the singing boys preceded the corpse, who sung an Ode of Horace, Avith each a small candle in his hand. The butch- ers and other mob broke in like a deluge, so that only about eight or ten gentlemen could get admission, and those forced to cut their way with their swords drawn. The coffin in this disorder was let down into Chaucer's grave, with as much confu- sion and as little ceremony as was possible, every one glad to save themselves from the •fentlemeii's swords or the clubs of the mob. 1631-1700.] JOHN DRYDEX. 95 Drydeu was a frequenter of Will's Coffee House in Bow Street (see Addison, p. 7), where, after his two-o'clock din- ner, he was in the habit of going and occupying his estab- lished chair, his right to which no man was bold enough to dispute. It was placed by the window in summer, by the tire in winter; and from it he pronounced his opinions of men and books, surrounded by his crowd of admiring listeners, who pretended to agree with him, whether they did or not. Dryden's mixture of simplicity, good-nature, and good opinion of himself is here seen in a very agreeable manner. It must not be omitted that it was to this house [Will's] Pope was jjuut's The taken when a boy, by his own desire, on purpose to get Town, a sight of the great man, which he did. According to Pope, he was plump, w'ith a fresh color, and a down look, and not very conversible. It appears, however, that what he did say was much to the purpose ; and a contemporary mentions his conver- sation on that account as one of the few things for which the town was desirable. He was a temperate man, though he drank with Addison a great deal more than he used to do, probably so far as to hasten his end. In Covent Garden to-night, going to fetch home my wife, I stopped at the great Coffee House there [Will's], where I never was before, where were Dryden, the poet, I knew at Cam- bridge, and all the Wits of the town, and Harris the 01^17,^-01. player [Joseph Harris], and Mr. Hoole of our College, i^'j!^!;"^^'^' And had I had time then or could nt other times, it will be good coming thither, for there, I perceive, is very witty and pleasant discourse. But I could not tarry, and as it was late, they were all ready to go away. One of the most uncomfortable of Dryden's London exjje- riences was the severe beating he received one night in 1679 in Piose Street, Covent Garden, after he had left Will's. Although a reward of fifty pounds was offered for ' the per- petrators of the outrage,' they were never legally punished. There seems to be no question, however, that Rochester 96 TOM D'LKFEV. [16- -1723. instigated the deed, enraged by a satire which he attributed to Drydeu, but which was written by another num. Hose Street, running from No. 11 Long Acre to No. 2 Garrick Street at its junction with King Street, has been greatly changed since Drydeu's adventures there, although one or two old buildings still standing in the crooked, miserable little street in 1885 were no doubt witnesses of the memo- rable assault. A modern tavern bearing the old-fashioned name of The Lamb and Flag was built about 1880 in Hose Street, facing Garrick Street. Dryden was fond of the mulberry tarts that were in his day a specialty of the Mulberry Gardens, upon the site of which Buckingham Palace was built. TOM D'URFEY. 16 1723. f~\F Tom D'lJrfey's career in London or elsewhere almost ^^ nothing is known except what is contained in No. G7 of the 'Guardian' (Thursday, May 28, 1713), when Mr. Addison, under a text from Horace, ' Blush not to patronize the Muse's skill,' makes a plea for help for D'Urfey in his impoverished old age, on the ground that he had ' enriched our language with a midtitude of rhymes, and bringing words together, that without his good offices would never have been acquainted with one another, so long as it had been a tongue ; ' and adds that his old friend ' angles for a trout the best of any man in England : ' surely reason enough for his meriting the charity of his fellow-men. From this paper it would seem that he was a most agreeable companion ; that Charles II. had been seen leaning on his 1819-1880.] MARY ANN EVANS (GEORGE ELIOT). 97 shoulder more than once, humming over a song with him ; and that many an honest country gentleman had gained a reputation in his own county by pretending to have been in company with Tom D'Urfey in town. After having written more odes than Horace, and about four times as many com- edies as Terence, he was, when Addison found him in 1713, in great difficulties. He lived, however, ten years longer, and continued to write until his death, in 172.3. The time of his birth is unknown. He was buried in St. James's Church, Piccadilly, where is a tablet to his memory, said to have been erected by Sir Eichard Steele. It contains simply his name and the date of his death, and is on the south wall of the church, on the outside, under the clock tower and nearly opposite the little door leading from Jermyn Street to the disused graveyard. Like so many objects of interest in London, it is entirely concealed from the public by an unsightly and unnecessary high brick wall. D'Urfey is said to have found the suggestions for his ' Pills to Purge Melancholy ' at a convivial meeting held at the Queen's Arms Tavern, New^gate Street. This inn was standing until within a few years at No. 70 Newgate Street. It had an entrance on St. Martin's-le-Grand. The New Post- Office buildings were erected on its site. MAKY ANN EVANS (GEOEGE ELIOT). 1819-1880. ' /^EORGE ELIOT' came to London in 1851, and for ^-^ two years made her home with the Chapmans at No. 142 Strand, near Wellington Street, — a house rich in the 98 :S\\K\ ANN EVANS (GEORGE ELIOT). [1819-1880 literaiy associations of two centuries. A tourist's ticket office in 1885, it was, in the days of Dr. Johnson, the fa- mous Turk's Head Cortec House, frequented by so many distinguished men (see l)ii. .Johnson). While living here, jSIiss Evans wrote a number of essays for the ' Westminster Keview,' besides doing editorial work ; and here she first made the acquaintance of George Henry Lewes and many of the literary lights of her time. Lewes and Miss Evans lived for a while at No. 16 Bland- ford Square, where she wrote, among other books, ' Komola' and ' Felix Holt,' in a quiet old-fashioned house not far from Kegent's Park, and still standing in 1885, hardly changed since her occupation of it. The Priory, No. 21 North Bank, St. John's Wood, to which they removed in 1865, and where they remained until Lewes died, in 1878, was some- what altered by a later tenant, who enlarged and beauti- fied it. It was in 1885 one of the characteristic villas of that characteristic locality, plain, substantial, and in grounds of its own, shut out completely from the gaze of the passer-by. Here, in the pleasant dwelling-rooms decorated by Owen Jones, might be met, at her Sunday afternoon receptions, some of the most eminent men in literature, art, and science. Blind's^'' For the rest her life flowed on its even tenor, its George Eliot: routine bein<' rigidly regular. The morning till luncli Famous o a j o ^ ^ r> Women time was invariably devoted to writing ; in the after- noon she either went out for a quiet drive of about two hours, or she took a walk with Lewes in Regent's Park. There the strange-looking couple — she with a certain sibylline air, he not unlike some unkempt Polish refugee of vivacious manners — might be seen swinging their arm.s, as they hurried along at a pace as rajiitl as their talk. George Willis Cooke, in his 'George Eliot' (chap. v. p. 79), thus describes ' The Priory ' : — GEORGE ELIOT. Drawn by Mr. Frederic Burton. — From an Etching by M. P-iul Rajon. 1819-1880.] MARY ANN EVANS (GEORGE ELIOT). 99 Within, all was refinement and good taste ; there were flowers in the windows, the furniture was plain and substantial, while great simplicity reigned supreme. Tlie house had two stories and a basement. On the first tioor were two drawing-rooms, a small reception room, a dining-room, and Mr. Lewesis study. . . The second floor contained the study of George Eliot, which was a plain room, not large. Its two front windows looked into the warden, and there were bookcases around the walls, and a writing- desk. All things about the house indicated simple tastes, mod- erate needs, and a plain method of life. 'Geortre Eliot' was married to John Walter Cross at 'St. George's Church, Hanover Square, May 6, 1880, but died in her husband's house, No. 4 Cheyne Row, Chelsea, De- cember 22 of the same year, and was buried in Highgate Cemetery. The grave, in the new portion of the cemetery overlooking London, is covered by a plain gray granite shaft bearing the following simple inscription : — ' Of those immortal dead who still live on in miuds made better by their presence. Here Lies The Botly of 'George EUot' Mary Ann Cross. Born 22nd November, 1819 Died 22nd December, 1880. 10 100 JOHN EVELYN. [1620-1706. JOHN EVELYN. 1620-1706. "C^VELYN'S eai-liest recorded associations with London -■— ' are of the IMiddle Temple. I repaired with my brother to the Tearrae to goe into the new lodgings (that were formerly in Essex Court), being a very Evelyn's handsome apartment just over against the Hall Court, Diary, 1640. |J^^. f^^^^j. payre of stayres high, w'ch gave us the ad- vantage of the fairer prospect. Evelyn was married in 1647; and an entry in his Diary, the next year, shows him to have been then a resident of Sayes Court, Deptford, which came to him through his wife, and was his home for almost half a century. Oct. 7, 1665. — Then to Mr. Evelyn's . . , and here he showed me his gardens, which are, for varietv of evergreens and hedj^ed holly, the finest things I ever saw in my life. . . . Nov. 5, 1665. — By water to Deptford, and there made a visit to Mr. Evelyn, who, among other things, showed me some excel- Pepys's l^^t paintings in little, in distemper, in Indian incke. Diary, 1665. -vyater colours, graeving, and, above all, the whole secret of mezzo-tints, and the manner of it, which is very pretty, and good things done with it. . . . In fine, a most excellent per- son be is, and must be allowed a little for a little conceitedness ; but he may well be so, being a man so much above others. Sayes Court was near the Government Docks at Deptford. It was taken down, according to Lysons, in 1728 or 1729, and the Workhouse built upon its site. This poor-house, looking much older than its actual age, and believed by many of the residents in Deptford to have been the original house occupied by Evelyn and by Peter the Great, was still 1620-1706.] JOHN EVELYN. 101 standing in 1885, tit the end of the modern Czar Street, Evelyn Street, and was the home of poor old men and wo- men, — subjects of the private charity of W, J. Evelyn, Esq., the proprietor of the estate. A small patch of ground used as the garden of this house was all that was left, in any- thing like their natural state, of Evelyn's fomous plantations, while a larger portion had been transformed into a public recreation ground, reached from Evelyn Street by Sayes Court Street. Evelyn's hedges, orangeries, and groves had all disappeared. Evelyn, through his Diary, is easily traced to his various abiding-places in town. Bept. 10, 1658. — I came with my wife and family to London; tooke lodgings at the 3 Feathers in Russell Street, Covent Garden, for all the Avinter, my sonne being very unwell. No trace of the sign of the Three Feathers is to be found to-da3^ March 24, 1662. — I returned home with my whole family, which had been most part of the winter since October at London in lodgings, neere the Abbev of Westminster. Nov. 17, 1683. — I took a house in Villiers Street [Strand], York Buildings, for the winter, having many important concerns to despatch, and for the education of my daughters. In 168G he 'came to lodge at Whitehall in the Lord Privy Seales Loddgings.' He spent the winter of 1690 in Soho Square, then King's Square. July 19, 1699. — Am now remoAang my family to a more con- venient house here, in Dover Street, where I have the remainder of a lease. Peter Cunningham, consulting the rate books of St. Mar- tin's, discovers this house in Dover Street, Piccadilly, to have been about ' nine doors up, on the east side.' Evelyn, in 16.54, described the Mulberry Gardens in St. James's Park, on the site of which stands the northern 102 MICHAEL FARADAY. [1791-1867. portion of Buckingham Palace (see Dryden, p. 9G), as ' ye only place of refreshment in ye towne for persons of ye best quality to be exceedingly cheated at.' The large number of places of refreshment in London to-day where persons of the best quality may be cheated at, is perhaps one of the most significant signs of the progress of civilization. Evelyn also records his dining (Nov. 30, 1G94) at Pon- tack's, in Abchurch Lane, with the Royal Society. No trace of Pontack's is now left. MICHAEL FAEADAY. 1791-1867. p^ARADAY was born at Newington, but was taken as a child to Jacob's Wells Mews, Charles Street, Manchester Squai'e, in 1796, where his family lived for some years. Charles Sti'eet, Manchester Square, is not to be confounded with Charles Street, Portman Square, its near neighbor. It was that part of the present George Street running from Spanish Place to Thayer Street ; and Jacob's Wells i\Iews, little changed in appearance since that time, was still so called in 1885, and on the south side of George Street. From 1804 to 1812 the young Faraday was appi-enticed to a bookseller, at No. 2 Blandfoixl Street, Portman Square, where the same business was cai'ried on seventy years later. The house was raised one story in the summer of 1884. It is marked by the tablet of the Society of Arts. In 181.3 Faraday was assigned apartments at the Royal Institution, No. 21 Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, still in the same place in 1885 ; and here he lived for nearly fifty yeai's. After his retirement in 1858, he went to a house on Hampton 1678-1707.] GEORGE FARQUHAK. 103 Court Green, where, nine years later, he died. He was buried in Highgate Cemetery; a plain stone against the east wall, about the centre of the old part of the cemetery, marking his grave. He was an original member of the Atheneeum Club. GEOEGE FAEQUHAR 1678-1707. T7ARQUHAR settled in London in 1G9G, when he began •^ his career as a writer for the stage. His first play, 'Love in a Bottle,' was produced at Drury Lane in 1698. About 1700 Farquhar first met Mrs. Oldfield, as de- scribed by Dr. Doran in his ' Annals of the Stage ' (vol. i. chap. xiv.). The time is the close of the seventeenth century ; the scene is the Mitre Tavern, St. James's Marl-cet, kept by one Mrs. Voss. . . . On the threshold of the open door stand a couple of guests. . . . The one is a gay, rollicking young fellow, smartly dressed, a semi- military look about him, good-hutnor rippling on his face, combined with an air of astonishment and delight. His sight and hearing are wholly concentrated on that enchanted and enchanting giid who, unmindful of aught but the ' Scornful Lady,' continues still reading aloud that rattling comedy by Beaumont and Fletcher. . . . Captain Farquhar, at whatever passage in the play, betrayed his presence by his involuntary applause. The girl looks towards him more pleased than abashed ; and when the Captain pronounced that there was stuff in her for an exquisite actress, the flattered thing clasped her hands, glowed at the prophecy, and protested in her turn, that of all conditions it was the one she wished most ardently to fulfil. 104 HENRY FIELDING. [1707-1754. St. James's Market, considerably reduced in size and importance, still exists between Jerniyn Street, Charles Street, tiie present Regent Street, and the Haymarket ; but the IMitrc Tavern there is not mentioned by Stow, Strype, or in ' The New A^'iew of London' (1708), it does not appear on any of the old maps, and no trace of it is now to be found. Farquhar, suffering in body, and on his death-bed, wrote his 'Beau's Stratagem' in six weeks, and lived only to hear of its brilliant success. He died iu April, 1707, only a short time after its triumphant production at the Haymarket, and Avas buried in the Church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields." The following touching letter to his friend Wilkes was his valedictory : — Gibber's Dear Bob, — I have not anything to leave to per- Pc«ts° ^ petuate my memory but two helpless girls. Look upon Farquhar. ^j^^^^^ sometimes, and think of him who was to the last moment of his life thine, G. Farquhar. HENRY FIELDING. 1707-1754. TTIELDING was little more than twenty years of age ■'- when he first settled in London, and began his literary career as a writer for the stage. In February, 1735, he was living in Buckingham Street, Strand. In 1737 he became a student of the Middle Temple, and was called to the Bar three years later, when ' chambers were assigned to him in Pump Court.' Sir Roger de Coverley, walking in the Temple Garden and discoursing with Mr. Spectator about the beauties in hoops and 1707-1754.] HENRY FIELDING. 105 patches who are sauntering over the grass, is just as lively a figure to me, as old Samuel Johnson rolling through the fog with the Scotch gentleman at his heels, on their way ° _. , Pendennis, to Dr. Goldsmith's in Brick Court ; or Harry i^ieldmg, book ii. with inked rufftes, and a wet towel round his head, *^ ^^" ^^^ dashing off articles' for the Covent Garden Journal, while the printer's boy is asleep in the passage. It is an established fact that the 'Covent Garden Jour- nal ' had no existence until long after Fielding left the Temple ; but Fielding might have dashed off ' copy ' for some other publication at that period, as Thackeray, never very accurate about dates and details, describes ; and the picture drawn of him with the wet towel, and the printer's devil snoring on the stairs, is too good to be destroyed. It has now been ascertained that the marriage [Fielding's second marriage] took place at St. Benet's, Paul's Wharf, an obscure little church in the City, at present surren- dered to a Welsh congregation, but at that time . . . Dobson's much in request for unions of a private character. g^®p'"f' The date in the register is the 27th November, 1747. . , . Either previously to this occasion or immediately after it. Fielding seems to have taken two rooms in a house in Back Lane, Twickenham, not far from the site of Copt Hall. In 1872 this house was stiU standing, a quaint old-fashioned wooden struc- ture. . . . Now [1883] it no longer exists, and a row of cottages occupies the site. St. Benet's still remained in 1885 ou Upper Thames Street, corner of Bennet's Hill. Mr. Dobson shows that Fielding must have entered upon his office of Justice of the Peace early in December, 1748, a document bearing date December 9 of that year describing him as ' Henry Fielding, Esq., of Bow Street, Covent Garden.' He then occupied the house upon the site of which the police station has been built. Cunningham and other writers assert that 'Tom Jones' was written in lUG HENRY FIELDING. [17U7-1754. Bow Street; but as it was published in February, 1749, only a month or two after his taking up his residence there, this can hardly be true. In Bow Street was Fielding's town home until he went to Lisbon, in 1754, to die. He spent the summer months in a cottage at Fordhook, Ilciiiy Fielding, the Cervantes of Eii^huid, resided occa- sionally, during the last mournful year of his life, at Fordhook, situated on the Uxbrid<'e Eoad, at the distance of Thonias , °i, ^ KaiiikiK r's about a uiue from the village of Acton, at the eastern lOaiing.'a'iKi extremity of Ealnig. Fielding, whose pen had been Cheswick, ^^jjg source of so much heai'tfelt mirth, was now oi)- uliap. IV. .... pressed by a complication of disordeis, which threw a cloud over his fancy, and would have subjugated the whole powei-s of a mind less vivacious and elastic. JVednesdaij, July 26, 1754. — On this day the most melan- choly sun I ever beheld arose, and found me awake at my home at Fordhook. ... At twelve precisely my coach was Jouniarof at the door, which I was no sooner told than I kissed Lisbon*^i754 ^"^ children all around, and went into it with some little resolution. My wife, Avho behaved more like a heroine and philosopher, though at the same time the tenderest mother in the world, and my eldest daughter, followed me ; some friends with us, and others here took their leave, and I heard my behavior applauded, with many murmurs and praises, to which I well knew I had no title, as all other such philosophers may, if they have any modesty, confess on a like occasion. Thoi'ne, in his ' Hand- Book,' says that Fielding at one time occupied an old house on Barnes Common, known as Milbourne House ; and there is a tradition that he lived for a short period in Beaufort Buildings, opposite Exeter Street, Strand. He was a frequent visitor at the Bedford Coffee House, under the Piazza, Co vent Garden (see Churchill, p. 51). 1576-1625.] JOHN FLETCHEli. 10' JOHN FLETCHER 1579-1625. 'T^HE place (?f Fletcher's birth is not known to iis," and almost nothing of his personal history in or out of London, except that he lived in tlie closest intimacy with Beaumont on the Bankside (see Beaumont), and that he was buried in the Church of St. Mary Overy (St. Saviour's), Southwark, at the end of London Bridge, one of the most ancient and interesting of London churches, although but little of the original building is now left. Oldwit. — I knew Fletcher, my friend Fletcher, and his maid Joan ; I shall never forget him ; I have supped with shadweU's him at his house on the Bankside ; he loved a lat loin ^^"'7 ^^^' of pork of all things in the world ; and Joan, his maid, scene i. had her beer-glass of sack, and we all kissed her ; foith, and were as merry as passed. In the great plague 1625, a knight of Norfolk or Suffolk in- vited him [Fletcher] into the country. He stayed but to make himselfe a suit of cloathes, and while it was makeing, Aubrey's fell sick of the plague and dyed. This I had from Lives. his tayler who is now a very old man, and clarke of St. Alary Overy's. In this church [St. Mary Overy's] was interred, without any memorial, that eminent Dramatick Poet, Mr. John Fletcher, son to Bishop Fletcher of London, who dyed of the Plague, Aubrey's the 19th of August, 1625. When I searched the Regis- f^l^^^ "^ ter of this Parish in 1670 for his obit for the use of Mr. ''o^- ^■ Anthony a Wood, the Parish Clerk, aged above eighty, told me that he was his Tayler, and that Mr. Fletcher staying for a suit of cloaths before he retired into the country. Death stopped his journey and laid him low here. 108 JOHN FOX. [1517-1587. A few years ago Fletcher's name and the date of his death were engraved upon a stone in the pavement of the choir of St. Saviour's, although the exact spot where his bones lie is not recorded. JOHN FOX. 1517-1587. T^OX'S ' History of the Acts and Monuments of the "^ Church,' more familiarly known as the ' Book of the Martyrs,' was published in 15.53, the last year of the reign of Edward VI., and was written, it is said, while Fox was living in the famous Grub Street. Grub Street, in the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate, was composed of mean low houses, old even in the sixteenth century, tenanted by compilers of pamphlets, penny and halfpenny papers, and ' criticks run to seed,' and gave its name, from the nature of its inhabitants, tcj, a class of writing which was neither exalted nor pure. It lies between Fore Street and Chiswell Street, and has now been called Milton Street, in honor of the author, who emphatically had no connection or association with the orig- inal Grub Street or its literature.'" Its old houses have entirely disappeared. After the accession of Mary, Fox left England, and did not return until the beginning of Elizabeth's reign. In 1565 he was an inmate of the household of his patron, the Duke of Norfolk, whose town mansion was then the Charter House, at the head of Aldersgate Street, which, taken from the Church by Henry VIIT., did not become a school until IGll, when James was king (see Addison). Fox preached at Paul's Cross, and is said to have held for a short time the living of St. Giles, Cripplegate, where he JOHN FLETCHER. 1740-1818.] SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. 109 was bufied in 1587. A muval tablet with a Latin inscription was erected to his memory in the church, and is still to be seen there. St. Giles's, one of the few remaining city churches which escaped the Great Fire of 16G6, was built in 1545. Paul's Cross stood on the north side of St. Paul's Churcli- yard, a few yards east of Canon Alley. The congregation worshipped in the open air. SIE PHILIP FRANCIS. 1740-1818. T^RANCIS, in 1753, was sent to Paul's School, in St. Paul's Churchyard, on the east side of the Cathedral (see Milton). Much of his youth was spent out of England, but in 17(31 he was appointed private secretary to William Pitt, Eai'l of Chatham ; and Lady Francis thus describes his duties and position at that time : — His manner of attending there was to come early in tlie morn- ing to Lord C.'s iiouse in St. James's Square, where he was shown into a library, and found his breakfast and the w'ork of the day; and I have heard him say that he was so of Francis, happy in having command of the books unmolested ^'° ' "' (for sometimes he had long intervals of leisure when his pen was not requii'ed), that lie probably, from these agreeable remem- brances, retained all his life a partiality for St. James's Square, in which, as soon as his circumstances permitted him, he bonght a house. Francis lived subsequently in Harley Street, Cavendish Square; and from 1791 until the time of his death at No. 14 St. James's Square, in a house taken down some years 110 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. [1706-1790. ago. The East India Service Club was erected on its site. In 17!) I he wrote : — I have removed into a very convenient house in St. James's Square, where I believe I am at anchor for life. The Parkes' Life ^ ' , . . i ,, , of Francis, name oi the situation sounds well, but you would be much mistaken in concluding that I live in a palace. He was a member, among other clubs, of Brooks's, No. GO St. James's Street ; but he withdrew on the publication of Taylor's 'The Identity of Junius,' which brought his name conspicuously before the club, and gave him a notoriety very distressing to him. BEXJAMIN FEANKLIN. 1706-1790. T^R-ANKLIN, at different periods of his life, spent a "*- number of years in London. In his ' Autobiography ' he thus relates his earliest experiences here, on his arrival in 1724: — Ralpli [James Ralph] and I were inseparable companions. We took lodgings together at Little Britain, at three shillings and sixpence a week, which was all we could afford. ... I then got into work at Palmer's, then a famous printing-house in Bartholomew Close, and here I continued near a year. . . . I now began to think of getting a little money beforehand, and, expecting better work, I left Palmer's to work at Watt's near Lincoln's Inn Fields, a still greater printing-house. Here I con- tinued all the rest of my stay in London. . . . My lodgings in Little Britain being too remote, I found another in Duke Street, opposite the Romish Chapel. It was two pair of stairs back- wards, at an Italian warehouse. ,^ BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. 1706-1790] BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. Ill Little Britain a hundred and fifty years ago was a centre of the bookselling and printing trade. No trace is left of Palmer's in Bartholomew Close ; but Watt's printing-house stood on the south side of Wild Court, a short street run- ning from Great Wild Street, Drury Lane, to Sardinia Place. The greater pai't of the south side of this court had been taken down in 1885 ; but the opposite side, towards Great Queen Street, was still unchanged, — a row of wretched buildings, tenanted by the most miserable of the London poor. Franklin's lodging-house in Duke Street, '■ opposite the Romish Chapel,' was probably No. G Sardinia St., an an- cient house facing the Sardinia Catholic Chapel in 1885. In 1757 Franklin was again in London, as the agent of the American Colonies, to confer with the home Government. At the invitation of his friend Collinson, he went in the first instance to the house of that gentleman, where he was hospitably entertained till he could procure suitable permanent *• HoUey s Life lodginss ; such lodijinccs he shortly after found at of Fiankiiu, the house of Mrs. Stevenson, No. 7 Craven Street [Strand] ; and they proved so convenient, comfortable, and every way pleasant, that he made his home there during all his long subsequent residence in London, embracing, in the two missions on which he was sent thither, about fifteen years. That house, says Dr. Sparks, is noted to this day, in the London guide-books, as the house in which Franklin resided. Franklin's Craven Street house has been rebuilt. It bears a tablet of the Society of Arts. He was in London from 1757 to 1762, and again in 17G4, when he remained in Craven Street for ten years. Sparks has printed a number of Franklin's letters dated from Kensington ; and no doubt written in an old house — standing in 1885, but doomed to destruction — in the grounds of the South Kensington Museum. It is a dingy two-storied 11 112 JUIIN GAY. [1C88-17321. brick building, somo distance back fioin Cromwell Road, and facing it at its junction with Thurloe Place. It is barely visible from the thoroughfare, and is also marked by the Society of Arts.^° Franklin was among the distinguished visitors at Don Saltero's Museum and Coffee House, No. 18 Cheyne Walk, Chelsea (see SmoIjLETt), and relates in his ' Autobiography,' with considerable pride, his long swim from Chelsea to Black friars. JOHN GAY. 1688-1732. /^"^ AY was but a lad when he began life in London, as a ^-^ silk-mercer's apprentice, in the Strand ; and settled home of his own he never seems to have had here. He was an iumate of the house of the Duchess of Monmouth ; he had lodgings at one time at Whitehall ; he lived for a time in retirement at Hampstead ; and he finally became a member of the family of the Duke of Queensbury, either at Amesbury, Petersham, or in Queensbury House, which stood on the north side of P>ui'lington Gardens, between Savile Row and Old Burlington Street. It was taken down at the end of the last century, when Uxbridge House, occupied in 1885 by the Western Branch of the Bank of England, was built upon its site. Gay died here in 1732. His body was brought by the Company of Upholders from the Dean Stan- Diike of Queensbury's to Exoter Change, and thence ifiLstei'^'' " ^^ ^^^^ Abbey, at eight o'clock in the winter's evening Abbey, cliap. [December 23]. Lord Chesterfield and Pope were 288. present among the mourners. He had already, two months before his death, desirecl : ' My dear Mr. Pope, wlioni I ;TTmTiiiirmmTiraTTnTraiTmT!!Tranijiiiiiuii!iuiiuiiiiuiiiiuinnni m JOHN GAY. 1737-1794.] EDWARD GIBBON. 113 lo\'e as my own soul : if you survive me, as you certainly will, if a stone shall mark the place of my grave, see these words put upon it : — "Life is a jest and all things show it : I thought so once, and now I know it," with what else you may think proper.' His wish was complied with. Exeter Change stood on the north side of the Strand, between Wellington Street and Burleigh Street, and on the site of the Lyceum Theatre. It was taken down in 1829. Gay was a member of the Scriblerus Club, which met at various taverns at the West End of London ; and a frequenter of Will's (see Apdisox, p. 7). The Rose Tavern, a favorite re- sort of Gay's, stood on the cast side of Brydges Street, next to Drury Lane Theatre, and was taken down to make room for the extension of the theatre by Garrick in 1775 or 1776. EDWAED GIBBON". 1737-1794. /^~^ IBBON was born at Lime Grove, at the base of Putney ^^ Hill, in a house no longer standing. He was baptized in the parish church of Putney, St. Mary's, which was rebuilt in 18.36 ; and his early youth was spent in that then sub- urban town. In 1746 he was sent to the Free Grammar School, London Street, Kingston-on-Thames, where he re- mained two years. By the common methods of discipline, the expense of many tears, and some blood, I purchased the knowledge r xi T • n , r Gibbon'.s 01 the Latm syntax; and not long snu-e I was nos- Memoir of sessed of the dirty volumes of Pha^drus and Cnrne- """^ ' lius Nepos, which I painfully construed and darldy understood. 114 EDWAKD GIBBON. [1737-1794. Ill 1749 Gibbon entered Westminster School (see Church- ill, p. 51), but his delicate health forced him to leave town after a short term there. During his school days and later, his London home was witli an aunt who kept a boarding-house for Westminster boys iu (College Street, and afterwards in Dean's Yard. Gibbon was sent to Oxford in 175:2, and after his residence there spent five years in Switzerland before he returned permanently to Loudon. Gibbon, when young and fresh from Lausanne, saw little to en- joy in London, where he found ' citnvds \\itbout coni])any, and Wheatley's dissipation without pleasure.' In 17G(> he lodged in Roumi t]ii^ street [Bond Strwtl and studio.l in the midst of PiiiMauiy, the I'asluonuljle world around him. He says, 'Wliile coaches were rattling through Bond Street, I have passed many solitary evenings iu my lodgings Avith my books.' Gibbon lived for a time in Pall Mall, but in 1772 he took the house No. 7 Bentinck Street, Manchester Square, where some of the happiest years of his life were spent, and where were written the first volumes of ' The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.' Gibbon's Yt^y my own iiart, niv late journey has onlv con- CoiTesiHind- . " n.- _ t-, ' • i r. • i i i ence, 17S3. viuced me that ^o. / Bentmck Street is the best house in the world. Bentinck is a short, quiet street, running from AVelbeck Street to Marylebone Lane. No. 7 has been renewed, and is almost the only house in the street tliat has undergone any change during the last century. Gibbon died in 1794 at No. 76 St. James's Street, on the south corner of Little St. James's Street, in the house of Elmsley the publislier, who some years before had de- clined to take the risk of the printing of the history. Elmslev's house was taken down upon the erection of the Conservative Club. F.nWARD GIBBON. 1712-1785.] RICHARD GLOVER. 115 Gibbon was a member of a number of fashionable clubs, including The Club (see Johnson) ; Boodle's, No. 28 St. James's Street ; Brooks's, No. 60 St. James's Street ; White's, Nos. 36 and 37 St. James's Street (see (Jibber, p. 54) ; and the Cocoa Tree Club, No. 64 St. James's Street (see Addison, p. 7). I dined at the Cocoa Tree with Holt. We went thence to the play (' The Spanish Friar '), and when it was over returned to the Cocoa Tree. That respectable body, of which ^ ir 1 Gibbons I have the honor of benig a member, anords every Diary, evening a sight truly English. Twenty or thirty per- f^'^^. ^'*' haps of the finest men in the kingdom, in point of fashion and fortune, supping at little tables covered with a napkin, in the middle of a coifee-room, upon a bit of cold meat or a sandwich, and drinking a glass of punch. At present [1762] we are full of King's counsellors and lords of the bed-chamber. RICHARD GLOVER. 1712-1785. ' T EON ID AS' GLOVER was a Hamburg merchant on ^-^ Poultney Hill (Cannon Street), but no trace of the site of his warehouse remains. He lived at No. 11 James Street, York Street, Buckingham Gate, and at No. 9 Bennet Street, on the northwest corner of St. James's Street ; and he died in Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, in 1785. James Street has been lengthened, rebuilt, and renumbered since that time, and the site of Glover's house cannot positively be determined. It was opposite that portion of St. James's Pailt which has since been transformed into the Parade Ground of Wellington Barracks. 116 WILLIAM GODWIN. ri756-1836. G WILLIAM GODWIN. 1756-1836. OPWIX'S earliest lodgings in London were 'near the new cliurch in the Strand' (8t. Mary-lc-Strand),' where he remained for a ydar, 1783—84, and where he published his first book. He occupied over a dozen different lodging- houses, always in the neighborhood of the Strand, between 178-1: and 1792. Shortly after this he wrote : — William In the beginning of the year 1793 I removed to a Godwin, lliS • /-,i V n tti -r, ^-, r-, Frifiids and siujiil housB HI Cluuton Street [lliUstoii KoadJ, Soniers rai'i'es'Yoi i Town, which I possess entirely to myself, with no chap. iv. other attendance than the dail}' resort of a bed-maker for about an hour each day. ... In this year also I wrote the principal part of the novel of ' Caleb Williams.' Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft were married in Old St. Pancras Church, March 29, 1797, Godwin making no note of the fact in his diary. A few weeks later he wrote to a friend from No. 7 Eversham Buildings, Soniers Town ; and here, in Septendjer of the same year, Mary Wollstonecraft died. Eversham Buildings was that part of the present Chalton Street which lies between Chapel Street (then Chapel Path) and Phoenix Street. It leads to the Polygon, where in 1800 and afterwards Godwin was living, and where he was wooed and won by his second wife. The Polygon in 1885 was a block of plain, unassuming middle-class houses, irregular in shape, as its name implies, and occupying the centre of Clarendon Square. In 1807 the Godwins removed to No. 41 Skinner Street, Holborn, wdiich was on the south side of St. Sepulchre's WILLIAM GODWIN. 1756-1836.] WILLIAM GODWIN. 117 Church, Snow liilL It connected Holbovn with Newgate Street, and was entirely removed on the construction of the Holborn viaduct (see Bunyan, p. 26). I remember him when he kept a bookseller's shop on Snow Hill. He kept it under the name of Edward Baldwin ; had it been carried on in his own name, he would have had o /-. tt ii, few customers, for his published opinion had excited Retrospect , , ... , , -r 111 of =' Long general hostility, to say the least. 1 was a schoolboy Life: then, and can remember purchasing a book there, ° ^^"^' handed to me by himself It was a poor shop, poorly furnished ; its contents consisting chietly of children's books with the old colored prints, that would contrast so strangely with the art illustrations of to-day. After his business failuie in 1823 he was at No. 195 Strand, near Arundel Street, and opposite St. Clement's Church, and in Gower Place, Euston Square, working hard at his books, and seeing but little society except such as sought him in his retirement Godwin was living in New Palace Yard in 1832. when Douglas Jerrold took his sou to call upon him. I remember vividly accompanying my father to the dark rooms in the New Palace. Yard, where I saw an old vivacious lady and old gentleman. My father was most anxious that I Life of should remember them, and I do remember well that ';'""sia*, ' Jerrold by he appeared to bear a strong regard for them. . . . liis Son, One morning he called on the Godwins', and was kept for some moments waiting in their drawing-room. It was irre- sistible, he never could think of these things. Whistle in a ladie-s' drawing-room ! Still he did whistle, — not only pia- nissimo, but fortissimo, with variations enough to satisfy the most ambitious of thrushes. Suddeuly good little Mrs. Godwin gently opened the door, paused still — not seen by the performer — to catch the dying notes of the air, and then, coming up to her visitor, startled him with the recpiest, made in all seriousness, ' You could n't whi.stle that again, could you ? ' 118 OLIVKU (lOLDSMITII. [1728-1774. Tho erection of the New Houses of Parliament has entirely chanjied tlie features of New Palace Yard. Godwin died here in 183G, and was buried by the side of Maiy Wollstonecraft in tlie yard of Old St. Pancras Church, St. Pancras-in-the- Ficlds. On the building of the Metropolitan and Midland Rail- ways, and the destruction (jf portions of this graveyard, the bones of Godwin and of his two wives were removed, in 1851, to Boui'nemouth. This cemetery on Old St. Pancras Road was known in 1885 as St. Pancras Gardens. Its character was still pre- served, although no interments have been permitted there in many years. All the old tombs were still standing, except such as had been destroyed by the railway bridges. Godwin was an active member of the Mulberry Club (see Jerrold). It held its meetings at the Wrekin Tavern, which stood until about 1870 at No. 22 Broad Court, Bow Street, on the corner of Cross Court. OLIVEPt GOLDSMITH. 1728-1774. T'X /'HEN Oliver Goldsmith, penniless, friendless, and for- ^ ' lorn, first arrived in London, in 1750, he foiuid em- ployment in the establishment of a chemist, at the corner of Monument Yard and Fish Street ; but no houses dating back so fnv as the middle of the last century exist there now. In the same year, 1756, he is known to have at- tempted the practice of medicine on the Bankside, and also to have been reading proof for Samuel Richardson in Salisbury Court, PTeet Street (see Richardson). OLIVER GOLDSMITH. 1728-1774.] OLIVER GOLDSMITH. 119 In the beainnino- of 1757 Goldsmith was usher in a school at Peckhani ; and Goldsmith House, as the school building- was afterwards called, still stood, and was respected, for Gold- smith's sake, at Peckhani, when John Forster wrote Iiis ' Life of Goldsmith' in 18-18. It was taken down in 187G. In 1758 Goldsmith found lodgings at No. 12 Green Arbor Court, Old Bailey. Irving, in his 'Life of Goldsmith,' quotes Bishop Percy, a warm friend of the author of ' She Stoops to Conquer,' as saying : — I called on Goldsmith at his lodgings in March, 1759, and found him writing his ' Inquiry ' in a miserable, dirty-looking room, in which there was but one chair ; and when, from civility, he resigned it to me, he himself was obliged to sit in the window. In his 'Tales of a Traveller' ('The Club of Good Fel- lows'), Irving thus describes his own visit to Green Arbor Court, half a century after Goldsmith's death : — At length we come upon Fleet Market, and, traversing it, turned up a narrow street to the bottom of a long, steep flight of stone steps, called Breakneck Stairs. These, he told me, led to Green Arbor Court, and that down them poor Goldsmith might many a time have risked his neck. When we entered the court I could not but smile to think in what out-of-the-way corners Genius produces her bantlings. . . . This Green Arbor Court I found to be a small square surrounded by tall and miserable houses, the very intestines of which seemed turned inside out, to judge from the old garments and frippery fluttering from every window. It appears to be a region of washerwomen, and lines were stretched about the little square, on which clothes were dang- ling to dry. . . . Poor Goldsmith ! what a time he must have had of it, with his quiet disposition and nervous habits, penned up in this den of noise and vulgarity ! Green Arbor Court in 1885 was little more than a patch of bare ground filled with carriers' carts and i-ailway vans. The old houses had all disappeared, and brand-new brick 12 120 oLivF.u (;(iLi)sMrrii. [17-28-1774. buildings occupied their site. The court is open towards the Old Bailey ; but the Holboru Viaduct Station stretches across its western end, where once were Breakneck. Stairs, leading to Fleet Market and Seacoal Lane. In 17G0 Goldsmith removed to No. 6 Wuie Office Court, Fleet Street, where he occupied more respectable lodgings than any to which he had before aspired. Here Dr. John- sou hrst visited him on the 31st of May, 17G1. The house known as No. G Wine Office Court in 1885 was probably of later date than Goldsmith's time. It is ncaily opposite the well-known Cheshire Cheese Tavern, where tradition says he frequently dined and supped with Dr. Johnson and other congenial friends (see Johnson). Goldsmith wrote ' The Vicar of Wakefield ' in Wine Office Court, and Dr. Johnson's description of a scene that occurred there after its completion will best show- the char- acter of the man and his mode of life at that time. Boswell reports his gre-.it friend as saying : — I received one morning a mes.sage from poor Goldsmith, that lie was in great distress^, and as it was not in his power to come to me, begging that I would come to him as soon as pos- Lifeof ° sible. I .sent him a guinea, and promised to come to r^"^°"' ^^''" directly. 1 accordingly went to him as soon as I was dressed, and found that hi.s landlady had arrested him for his rent, at which he was in a violent passion. I per- ceived that he liad already changed my guinea, and had a bottle of Madeira and a glass before him. I put the cork into the bottle, desired he would be calm, and In^gan to talk to him of the means by which he might be extric;ited. He then told me that he had a novel ready for the press, wdiich he produced to me. I looked into it, and .sjiw its merit ; told the landlady I should soon return, and, having gone to a bookseller, sold it for sixty pounds. I brought Goldsnn'th the money ; and he discharged his rent, ncjt without rating his landlady in a high tone for having used him so ill. 1728-1774] OLIVER GOLDSMITH. 121 "lu 17(J4 Johnson found Goldsmith in a humble set of chambers at No. 2 Garden Court, Middle Temple, near the New Library and behind Fountain Court. The buildings have now disappeared. He went there from Gray's Inn, from whence he dated a letter on the Gth of March of the same year. The five hundred pounds received for the ' Good Natured Man ' gave Goldsmith a feeling of unlimited wealth ; and he took chambers consisting of tliree rooms on the second floor of No. 2 Briclc Court, Middle Tem^jle, — on tlie right hand ascending the staircase, and overlooking the unibragecms walks of the Temple Garden. The lease he pur- chased for i;400, and then went on to furnish the j,,^,.,^^,^ rooms with mahogany sofas, card-tables, and bookcases, ^j^'^J'^';.';*!;; with curtains, mirrors, and Willon carpets. His awk- ward person was also furnished in a style befitting his apartment; for, in adilitiou to his suit of Tyrian blocnu satin grain, we find another charged about this time in the books of Mr. Fill)y, in no less gorgeous terms, being 'lined with silk and furnished with gold buttons.' Thus lodged and thus arrayed, lie invited the visits of liis most aristocratic acquaintances, and no longer quailed beneath the courtly eye of Beauclerc. He gave dinners to Johnson, Percy, Reynolds, Bickerstaff, and otlier friends of note, and supper-parties to J^oung folks of l)oth sexes. . . . Blackstone, whose chambers were inunediately below, and who was studiously occupied on his ' Commentaries,' used to com- plain of the racket made l)y ' his revelling neighbor.' In 188.5 No. 2 Brick Court was precisely as Goldsmith left it when carried to his grave. His ciiambers have been changed as to furniture and equipments, of course, by the several generations who have followed liim as their occupants; but the house (erected in 1704) and tlie little court are the house and court he knew so well. Goldsmith's country home for a number of years was at 122 OLIV-Kll (lOI.DSMiril. [172S-1774, Canonburv House, in Islington, which then wa.-i ;i suburl) of London. Nothing was left of the house, even in (Gold- smith's day, lint the old brick tower, still standing in 1885, ill Cauonbury Square, at the junction of Conipton Koad and Canonbury Place, and one of the most picturesque old struc- tures in the metropolis. It was a favorite resort of pub- lishers, authors, and literary men. Irving, in his ' Life of Goldsmith,' relates his visit to Canonbury Tower, and de- scribes the painted wainscots and gothic windows of (Gold- smith's sitting-room, where, no doubt, he gathered and entertained Johnson and his coterie. It is said that parts of 'The Deserted Village' and 'The Ti-aveller' wei-e written here. Goldsmith also spent portions of the summei's of 1771, 1772, and 1774 — in the last year only a few weeks before his death — in a farm-house on the west side of the Edgeware Road, ' near the six-mile stone ' from London, where he wrote ' She Stoops to Conquer ' and ' Animated Nature.' Goldsmith died, and was buried, where the happiest and most peaceful years of his life had been spent, in the Temple. The end came on the 4th of April, 1 774. His death was a shock to the literary world, and a deep afflic- tion to a wide circle of intimates and friends ; for, with all liis , . , foibles and peculiarities, he was fullv as nuich beloved Irvins s . Goldsmith, as he was admired. Burke, on hearing the news, burst into tears. Sir Joshua Reynolds threw l>y his jiencil for the da)'^, and grieved more than he had done in times of great family distress. . . . Johnson felt the blow deeply and gloomily. In writing some time afterward to Boswell, he observed, ' Of poor Goldsmith there is little to be told more tlian the papers have made public. He died of a fever, made, I am afraid, more violent by luieasiness of mind. His debts began to be heavy, and all his resources w'ere e.xhausted. Sir Joshua is of opinion that he owed no less than two thousand pounds. Was ever poet so trusted before ? ' 1728-1774.] OLIVER GOLDSMITH. 123 Goldsmith's funeral took place at five in the afternoon of the 9th of April, when his staircase on Brick Conrt was crowded with moui*ners of all ranks raid conditions of life, conspicuous among them being the outcasts of both sexes, who loved and wept for him because of the goodness he had done. The exact position of Goldsmith's grave is not known. The plain monument with the simple inscription, ' Here Lies Oliver Goldsmith,' was placed, in 1860, on the north side of the Temple Church, as near as possible to the spot where his remains are supposed to lie. Goldsmith was a member of many chibs, notably, of The Club, afterwards called The Literary Club, which was founded by Dr. Johnson, Sir Joshua Reynolds, and others, in 17G3. It originally met in the Turk's Head Tavern, which then stood on the corner of Greek and Compton Streets, Soho, but was subsequently removed to Gerard Street, hard by (see Johnson). ' I believe Mr. Fox will allow me to say,' remarked the Bishop of St. Asaph, ' that the honor of being elected into the Turk's Head Club is not inferior to that of being representative of ppr,^gj.,g Westminster and Surrey.' The Bishop had just been Goldsmith, Till 11 Ijook iii- elected ; but into such lusty independence had the club sprung up that bishops, even lord chancellors, were known to have knocked for admission unsuccessfully. He [Johnson] and Mr. Langton and I went together to The Club (1773), where we found Mr. Burke, Mr. Garrick, and some other members, and amongst them our friend Gold- g^^^^.^jj-^ smith, who sat brooding over Johnson's I'eprimand to Life of Jolin- liim after dinner. Johnson perceived this, and said aside to some of us, ' I '11 make Goldsmith forgive me,' and then called to him in a loud voice, 'Dr. Goldsmith, something passed to-day where you and I dined ; I ask your pardon.' Goldsmith answered placidly, ' It must be much from you, sir, that I take ill ; ' and so at once the difference was over, and they were on as easy terms as ever, and Goldsmith rattled away as usual. 124 OLIVER GOLDSMITH. [1728-1774. A less important club of liis inct at the (lldbe Tavern, No. 134 Fleet Street, not far from Shoo Lane, and since destroyed. Anotlier of these free-and-easy clubs met on Wednesday even- iuars at the Tdobe. It was somewhat in tlie style of tlie Three , . , Jollv Pigeons ; soiiij;s, jokes, dramatic imitiitioiis, bur- (ioiilsmith, le.S([ue parodies, and In-oad sallies ol luuiKir ibrmed a i.ii>. . 1. . (.Qjiti-ast to the sententious morality, ]icdaiitic casuistry, and polished sarcasm of the learned critic. . . . Johnson used to be severe upon Goldsmith for mingling in these motley circles, observ- ing that having been originally poor he had contracted a love for low company. Goldsmith, however, was guided not- liy a taste ibr what was low, but what was comic and cliaiacteristic. He belonged also to a card club at the Devil Tavern, No. 1 Fleet Street (see Jonson) ; to the Tlobin Hood De- bating Club, held in the Robin Hood Tavern, Essex Street, Strand, afterwards removed to the Robin Hood Tavern in Butcher Row, behind St. Clement Danes, and taken down on the erection of the New Law Courts (see Burke, p. 28) ; and also to ' a shilling rubber club,' which n)et at the Bed- ford, Covent Garden (see Churchill, p. HI). Goldsmith's taverns were more numerous even than his clubs. In 1757 his letters were addressed to the ' Temple Exchange Coffee House, near Temple Bar,' no sign of which is left. He was frequently at the Mitre, No. 39 Fleet Street (see Johnson), at the Grecian, Devereux Court, Strand (see Addison, p. 7), at the Chapter Coffee House,^ No. 50 Paternoster Row (see Brontjo, p. 22, and Chatterton, p. 44), and at Jack's Coffee House, afterwards Walker's, at the corner of Dean and Queen Streets, Soho. Walker's Hotel was — in 1770 the oldest tavern in London, but three, and is now [184.')] probably the oldest. ^Ir. Walker, the present landlord 1728-1774.] OLIVER GOLDSMITH. 125 of this hotel, who has lived in it fifty years and has now reached the venerable age of ninety, is prcjud of the ancient honors of the house. On his card he duly informs Homes and Lis friends that it was here that Johnson, Garrick, tf,e"j"rfti'!.^| Goldsmith, and other literary characters of eminence I'oets, vol . i : ' , •' . 1 . Goldsmitli. used to resort. The house is old, spacious, and quiet. Dr. Joseph Rogers, an old resident of Soho Square, in reply to inquiries about this ancient tavern, kindlj^ furnislies the following information : — Walker's Hotel consisted of five houses, two iu Dean Street and three in Queen Street. The proprietor, when I first knew him, now [1883] neai'l}^ forty years ago, was a very old man. He had not tlie wit to adapt himselt to modern notions, and continued to carry on his business in the old style until his business left him. At the time I made his acquaintance he was nearly insolveiiL He was ultimately ejected from the premises, and died at the workhouse of the Strand Union, at the advancj^d age of junety-five. When I took the premises, N-o. 33 Deau Street (corner of Queen Street), now thirty-four years ago, tlie poor old man led me over the jilace and showed me the different rooms. He pointed out that in my first-floor front room, Goldsmith, Johnson, and others used to meet. He also told me that in the four-post bed in the said room Nelson slept the night before he embarked from Portsmouth to fight the battle of Trafalgar. He took me into his cellars, and showed me some whiskey he had put down in 1800. There is no doubt of the truth of this, and you can make use of the information as yoxi see fit. The present Queen's Hotel (No. 12 Queen Street) was the bar of the old hoteL The two houses beyond were simpl>^ used as lodging-houses. Goldsmith wrote 'A Reverie' at tlie lioar's Head Tavern, Shakspere's Roar's Head, in Etistcheap (Cannon Street), which stood at the junction of that thoroughfare nnd Grace- chnrch Street, and was taken down wlien King William Street was formed, in 18-31. Its site is occupied by the statue to William IV. 126 JOHN GOWER. [1325-1108. One of his favorite suburban taverns was the Old Ked Lion, still standing- in \HS5, which, according to the in- scription in curious old English letters along its renewed front, was 'established in 1415.' It is at No. 18G St. John's Street Road, Islington, near the junction of Pentonville Road, City Road, and High Sti-eet. It has been restored ; but the old pointed gables and general antique style are retained. He spent much of his leisure time, also, at the Old Bap- tist's Head, No. 30 St. John's Lane, Clerkenwell, on the site of which a new tavern bearing the same name was erected a few years ago ; and at the White Conduit Tea Gardens, which stood on the east side of Penton Street, Pentonville, imtil 184:9. A new White Conduit Tavern, in 1885, was at No. l\ Darnsbury Road, Penton Street. JOHN GOWEPt. Circa 1325-1408. /^"^ OWER, who is said to have been a member of the ^-^ Middle Temple (see Chaucer, ]). 46), seems to have seen but little of London, and no traces of his early life here ai-e to be found. It is believed that he was married in the Church of St. Mary Overy, now St. Saviour's, South- wnrk, in 1397, by William of Wickham, then Bishop of Winchester; and he is known to have sjient the last few years of bis life in blindness in the priory of that chtu-ch, which he enriched by his gifts and bequests, and where he died and Avas buried (see Fletcher, p. 107). And thus whan they hadde gone theyr journey, the one of them, that is to saye, John Gower, prepared for his bones a JOHN GOSnf.R 1716-1771.] THOMAS GRAY. 127 restynge place in tlje monastery of Saynt Mayre Overies, where, soniewliat after the olde ffashion lie lyeth vy^ht sumptuously Ijuryed, with a garland on his head in token that he in his lyfe dayes flourysheirchiii Laiio and St. jVIichael's Church, was destroyed by fire in 1748. After lie went to Etiiu lie never had a permanent home in the metropolis, lint lorlged during his oecasional visits, as his letters show, at a hosier's named Koberts, at the east end of Jcrmyn Street, near the Haymarket ; or at ' Frisby the Oilman's,' on the opposite side of the way. The names of botli Frisby and IJoberts are to be found in the early directo- ries, but before streets were numbered. Here he paid not more than half a guinea a week for his rooms, and dined at a neighboring coffee-house. In 1759 Gray lodged in Southampton Row, Bloomsbnry Square, near the then new British Museum, to the lieading Room of which he was a frequent visitor. Gray, from his bedroom window, looked out on a southwest garden wall, covered with flowering jessamine through June and July. There had been roses, too, in this London Gosse's garden. Gray must always have liowei's about Iiiin, EnWish Men ''^'^^^ ^^ trudged down to Covent Garden every day for of Letters, j^|g sweet peas and pinks and scarlet Martown lilies, chap. vu. 1 i _ _ . double stocks and flowering marjoram. His drawing- room looked over Bedford Gardens, and a fine stretch of upland fields crowned at last against the sky by the villages of Highgate and Harapstead. A letter of Gray to Walpole, written in 1737, shows him to have been at that time an inmate of his uncle's house at Burnham, and expresses his interest in ' the most venerable beeches and other very reverend vegetables who dream out their old stories to the winds ' in the forest there. During his residence at Stoke, Burnham Beeches were his frequent resort. West End, the house in which Gray's mother lived, and he wrote much poetry and many letters, now [187()] called Stoke Court, is about one mile north of the church. Gray described THOMAS GRAY. 1794-1871.] GEORGE GROTE. 12lJ it as ' a compact neat box of red brick, with sash windows, a grotto made of flints, a walnut-tree with three mole-hills under it.' The house was rebuilt by Mr. Penn al)uut 1845, on a larger scale, and is now a gentleman's villa. The jfa^K^Book room in which Gray wrote was, however, preserved, ^'ftiieEn- •' ' ' ^ ' viroiis of and forms a part of the present house. The walnut- LuiKlim : tree and grotto were retained, and the basin of gold- ' ^ ° ^' fishes greatly enlarged. The house in Gray's time was built of brick, and was three stories in heig'ht. It was afterwards covered with stucco, forming only a snuiU wing to the right of the more pretentious mansion added to it by Mr. Penn. The present occupants have no knowledge of the walnut-tree or tlie grotto. Gray's devotion to his motlier and to her memory is well known. SIio was buried in Stoke Pogis Churchyard, which is without question the churchyard of the ' Elegy,' to the east of the church, and under a stone bearing his touching testi- mony that she was ' The careful tender mother of many children, one of whom alone had the misfortune to survive her.' Gray, at his own request, rests his head upon tlie lap of earth by her side. GEOIiGE GROTE. 1794-1871. r^ EORGE GROTE was born at Shortlands near Becken- ^-'^ ham, in Kent, about ten miles from London. After four years in the Grammar School at Sevenoaks, he was sent to the Charter House School (see Addison, p. 1), where he remained until he was sixteen, and where it is recorded that at that age he was well flogged for giving a farewell loO GEORGE (;I{()TE. [1794-1871. sui)per, just before leaving school, to some of his classmates, at the Albion Tavern — still standing in 1885 — at No. 172 Aldcrsgate Street. At the age of sixteen Grote entered the banking establish- ment of his fiithcr, No. G2 Threadneedle Street. He lived with his father in the banking-house until he was married, in 1820, when he took possession of a house ' in the court adjoining.' Tliis was his town home for many years, and here the ' History of Greece ' was designed and begun, lie and his wife were often to be found in the Drapers' CJarden hard by (see Macaulay), which had been the breathing-place of his fellow historian. Direct successors of the Grotes were still doing business in 1885 on the site of the original banking-house, on Thread- needle Street, corner of Bartholomew Lane. The ' adjoining- court,' simply so described in the biography of Grote, was either Capel Court, by its side, in Bartholomew Lane, or New Court, or Shooter's Court, on Throgmorton Street, in its rear. The appearance of the entire block of buildings has been greatly changed of late years by the erection and extensions of the Stock Exchange and other business houses. The Grotes had different suburban homes, — at Fortis Green, beyond Highgate ; on the Green Lane, Stoke-New- ington, near the New River ; at Burnham ; and at Dulwich, half a mile beyond Dulwich College. In 1836 Grote moved to No. 3 Eccleston Street, Belgrave Square, — an imposing mansion, numbered 3 Belgrave Place in 1885, — and in 1848 to No. 12 Savile Row, Burlington Gardens, where, in 1871, he died. This house was standing in 1885. He was buried in Thirlwall's grave, in the Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey. 177S-1830.] WILLIAM HAZLITT. 131 HENKY HALLAM. 1777-78-1859. T TALLAM was a Bencher of the Middle Temple. In 1819, and latei', he occupied an old-fashioned mansion at Fulham, called Arundel House, which in 1885 was still standing, although somewhat altered, on Fulham Koad, op- posite Parson's Green Lane. He wrote his 'History of the Middle Ages' at No. 67 Wimpole Sti-eet, near Queen Anne Street, Cavendish Square, his home for many years. He was a frequent partaker of the dinners of the Literary Club (see Goldsmith, p. 123). WILLIAM HAZLITT. 1778-1830. T T AZLITT had no settled home of his own in London until after his marriage, in 1808 ; but during his occasional visits to town he lodged with his brother John, at No. 12 Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, in a house rebuilt in 1883, and later at No. 109 Great Russell Street, Blooms- bury Square, in a house which formed part of the old Tavistock House, but has now entirely disappeared. Hazlitt was married to Miss Sarah Stoddart, on the 1st of May, 1808, at St. Andrew's, Holborn, now on the Viaduct. The only persons present at the marriage, so far as I can recol- lect, were Dr. and Mrs. Stoddart, and Mr. and Miss Lamb ; but 1 strongly suspect there were other guests of whom there is no 13 132 WILLIAM IIAZLITT. [1778-1830. remaining record. Lamb, in a letter to Southey, dated August 9, 1815, more than seven years after the event, thus alludes to his having been jiresent: ' I was at Hazlitt's marriage, and William I'^^'l liked to have been turned out several times during ?* '•h'l'l'xT'^ the ceremony. Anything awful makes me laugh.' It was not an every-day kind of business this, with Wil- liam Hazlitt for bridegroom, and Charles Lamb for best man, and Miss Lamb for bridesmaid ; and all of a Sunday morning I I wonder whether Elia appeared at the altar in his snuff-colored smalls. I wonder whether Miss Lamb wore, after all, the S2)rig dress, or the China-Manning silk, or a real white gown ? I won- der in what way Lamb misbehaved, so as to leave a strong impres- sion on his mind — years after? To have been in St. Andrew's that day, and to have seen the whole thing from a good place, would have been a recollection worth cherishing. 'o In 1812 Hazlitt and his wife took possession of the house No. 19 York Street, Westminster, which had been occupied by John Milton; and here they lived until 1819. This house was taken down in 1877. It faced on York Street in Hazlitt's day, a few doors east of the spot where the Westminster Panorama was afterwards built ; and the gar- den in its rear formed part of the lawn of Queen Anne Mansions in 1885 (see Milton). On knocking at the door [No. 19 York Street, Westminster], it was, after a long interval, opened by a sufficiently neat-handed do- mestic. The outer door led immediately from the street ni'nre's My (down a step) into an empty apartment, indicating an Friends and ^uninhabited house, and I supposed I had mistaken the Acquaint- ' ■' ^ aiices, vol. number; but on asking for the object of my search, I was shown to a door, which opened (a step from the ground) on to a ladder-like staircase, bare like the rest, which led to a dark, bare landing-place and thence to a large square wain- scoted apartment. The great curtainless windows of this room looked upon some dingy trees ; the whole of the wall over and about the chimney-piece was entirely covered, up to the ceiling, by names written in pencil, of all .size.s and characters, and in all "WILLIAM IIAZLITT. 1778-1830.] WILLIAM IIAZLITT 133 directions, commemorative of visits of curiosity to the home of Pindarus (John Miltf)ii). There was near to the empty fireplace a table with breakfast things upon it (though it was two o'clock in the afternoon). Three chairs and a sofa were standing about the room, and one unbound book lay on the mantel-piece. At the table sat Hazlitt, and on the sofa a lady, whom I found to be his wife. Once I dined with him [Hazlitt]. This (an unparalleled occur- rence) was in York Street, vflien some friends had sent him a couple of Dorking fowls, of which he suddenly invited me to partake. 1 went expecting the usual sort of Recoiiec- dinner, but it was limited solely to the fowls and ^f Lettere''" bread. He drank nothing but water, and there was nothing but water to drink. He offered to send for some porter for me ; but being out of health at the time I declined, and escaped after dinner to a coft'ee-house, where I strengthened myself with a few glasses of wine. In 1820 Hazlitt was living in apartments at No. 9 South- ampton BuikUngs, a short street running crookedly between Holborn and Chancery Lane. No. 9, on the west side of the street, and nine doors from Holborn, was taken down in 1883. He had in 1820 finally separated from his first wife. His changes of residence after the breaking up of his York Street home were many. Mi'. Patmore found him in 1824 in Down Street, Piccadilly, and pleasantly describes his erratic life there, his late rising, his musing during the greater part of his days at the breakfast-table, and his stimulating himself to excess with very strong tea. About 1827 he lodged at No. 40 Half Moon Street, Piccadilly, in a house no longer standing; in 1829 he removed to No. 3 Bouverie Street, Fleet Sti'eet, — raised one story in 1885; and in 1830 he went to No. 6 Frith Street, Soho, where in the same year he died. One Saturday afternoon in September [Sept. 18, Memoirs of •^ . "^ L 1 7 William 1830], when Charles Lamb was in the room, the scene Hazlitt, part closed. He [Hazlitt] died so rpiietly that his son, who "' ^^^^^ """■ 134 WILLIAM lL\ZLrrT. [1778-1830. was sitting by his bedside, did not know that he was gone till the vital breath had been extinct a moment or two. Tlie house in wliicli JIazlitt died was, in 1885, standinir unchanged. Tlio grave of Hazlitt is iu the yard of 8t. Anne's Church, Wardour and Deau Streets, Soho. Against the centre wall of the church on the Wardour Street side, and on the riglit hand as you enter the yard, is a flat stone standing under that of the King of Corsica. The inscription is so renjark- able that it is given here in full : — Kear This Spot Rests William Hazlitt Born April lOtli, 1778. Died Sept. 18th, 1830. He lived to see his deepest wishes gratified As he expressed tliem iu his Essay ' Ou The Fear of Death ' viz : ' To .see the downfall of the Bourbons, And some prospect of good in mankind. (Charles X Was driven from France 29th July, 1830) ' To leave some sterling work to the W^orld ' He lived to complete his ' Life of Napoleon " His desire That some friendly hand should consign him to the grave, was accomplished to a limited but profound e.xtent ; on these conditions He was ready to depart, and to have inscribed on his tomb, Grateful and Contented. He was The first (unanswered) Metaphysician of the Age ; A despiser of the merely Eich and Great, A lover of the People, Poor, or Oppressed ; A hater of the Pride and Power of the Few As ojiposed til the Inijjpiness of the Many. 1778-1830.] WILLIAM IIAZLITT. 135 A mail of true Moral Courage To Principles, And a Yearning for the good of Human Nature. Who was a burning wound to an Aristocracy That could not answer before men, And who may confront him before their Maker. He lived and died The unconquered Champion of Truth, Liberty and Humanity ' Dubitantes opera legite.' This Stone is raised by one whose heart is with him in the grave. Hazlitt, while living a wild, unsettled life in Southamp- ton Biiildhigs, frequented the Southampton Coifee House in that street, which he has described in his chapter on 'Coffee House Politicians,' in his 'Table Talk,' published in 1823. This tavern, a door or two from Chancery Lane, was 'restored ' in 1882 or 1883, and everything which be- longed to it in Hazlitt's day destroyed by the demons of improvement and renovation. Here [the Southampton] for several years he used to hold a sort of evening levee, where, after a certain hour at night (and till a very wncertain hour in the morning) he was always p^tmore's to he found, and always more or less ready to take ^J^^ ^'^^'"'^ part in that sort of desultory talk (the only thing quaintances: really deserving the name of conversation), in which he excelled every man I have ever met with. Here, in that little bare and comfortless coffee-room have I scores of times seen the daylight peep through the crevices of the window-shutters, upon Table Talk that was w-orthy an intellectual feast of the gods. 186 i^oBKirr jiekkick. [1591-1674. GEOEGE HERBERT. 1593-1632. r^ EORGE HERBERT was a pupil of Westminster School ^-^ (see Churchill, p. 51). In 1609 he left A¥estmin- ster to enter Cambridge University, where, according to Izaak Walton, he consecrated the first fruits of his early age to virtue and a serious study of learning. He had but few associations with London. H ROBERT HERRICK. 1591-1674. ERRICK was born in Wood Sti-eet, Cheapside, as he sinas in his ' Tears to Thamasis,' — ' Golden Cheapside, where the earth Of Jnlia Herrick gave to me my birth,' — and was baptized in the Church of St. Vedast, in Foster Lane, hard by. This church was destroyed in the Great Fire of the next century, but was rebuilt by Wren. Her- rick's youth, it would seem, was spent in London ; but he has left no record of his education, nor of his early life here, except that when he was about thirty years of age, he was adopted as one of the ' poeticale sonnes ' of Ben Jonson. In 1G1.5 he went to the University of Cam- bridge, and for twenty years lived a quiet and retired life in a country vicarage in Devonshire. When deprived of this by Cromwell, he lodged for some time in St. Anne's Lane ROBERT HERRICK. 1799-1845.] THUMAS IIUOD. 137 (now St. Aune's Street), running from Orchard Street to Great Peter Street, Westminster, where he remained until the Restoration ; but after that London saw him not again. His ' Hesperides' was pubhshed in 1G48, 'to be sold at the Crown and Marygold, St. Paul's Church Yard,' a sign which was destroyed, of course, eighteen years later, with the ca- thedral and all its surroundings. THOMAS HOLCROFT. '1744-1809. T r OLCPtOFT was born in Orange Court, Leicester Fields (since known as Orange Street, Leicester Square), and worked until he was fifteen years of age at the trade of his father, a shoemaker in South Audley Street. Few recoi'ds of his London life have been left. He died in the parish of INIarylebone."* THOMAS HOOD. 1799-1845. '"pHOMAS HOOD was born over the bookshop of Messrs. -*- Vernor and Hood, in the Poultry, on the northwest corner of the little lane called Chapel Place, running be- tween Gi'ocers' Hall Court and St. Mildred's Court. The house has been taken down. The building upon its site was nunil)ei-ed .31 Poultry in 188.5. 138 THOMAS HOOD. [179ft-184ii. Hood's hrst school was in Tokenhoiise Yard (No. 45 Loth- bury), and was kept by tlie IVlisses Hogsflesh. The brother of tliese hidies was so painfully sensitive regarding the family name that he never answered to it, and the scholars were instructed to address hiin by his initial only. This story, told in later years by Hood to his friends, suggested to Lamb the subject of his unfortunate farce, ' Mr. H.' Hood afterwards went to a school at Clapham, the site of which he once pointed out to his son, but which in his ' Me- morials ' of his father the younger Hood does not describe. Hood was married in 1824 ; and a letter of Charles Lamb's ' To the Hoods, Robert Street, Adelphi,' is among the correspondence of Elia. This Eobert Street house. No. 2, is no longer standing. The Hoods left London in 1829 to reside in the country, and did not return to town for a number of years. Hood near the end of 1841 went to No. 17 Elm Tree Road, St. John's Wood, Regent Park, where he wrote, fur the Christmas number of 'Punch,' 1843, 'The Song of the Shirt.' This house, a rigid, uncompromising three- story mansion, was standing in 1885 at the curve of the street, and was called ' The Cedars.' After his removal to St. John's Wood, my father used to have little modest dinners now and then, to which his intimate friends were invited. Though the board did not groan, sides of Thoi'ims ^^sed to ache ; and if the champagne did not flow in Hofd, streams, the wit sparkled to make up for it. . . . On chap. IX. ' ^ '■ one occasion, to my mother's horror, the boy fell upstairs with the plum pudding. The accident formed a peg for many jokes ; amongst others, a declaration that the pudding — which he said w^as a stair, not a cabinet, one — had disagreed with him, and that he felt the pattern of the stair-carpet breaking out all over him. Early in the year 1844 the Hoods went to Finchley Road. THOJIAS HOOD. 1799-1845.] THOMAS HOOD. 139 My new house is at Devonshire Lodge, New Finchley Road, St. John's Wood, where I shall be most happy to see you ; it is iust beyond the Eyre Anns, three doors short of the jj^^^^^i^jg turnpike. The Magazine office [Hood's Magazine] is of Thomas No. 1 Adam Street, Adelphi, and I am sometimes char-'xii. there of a morning. jS"o. 1 Adam Street, Adelphi, is at the corner of Adelphi Terrace. There is no Devonshire Lodge in Finchley Road. The turnpike was afterwards called Queen's Eoad, and Hood's house was probably taken down to make room for the rail- way station. Hood died at Devonshire Lodge, May 3, 1845, and on the 10th was buried in Kensal Green. His funeral was quiet and private, though attended by many who had known and loved him. . . . Eighteen months after- wards his faithful wife was buried by his side. . . . I have a perfect recollection of my father's funeral, and o/xiKmias of the unfeigned sorrow of those kind and beloved H""J. ... ° _ chap. xuL friends who attended it. It was a beautiful spring day ; and I remember it was noticed that just as the service concluded, a lark rose up, mounting and singing over our heads. This was in the middle of the day. The monument to Hood in Kensal Green was erected by public subscription, at the suggestion of Eliza Cook, and was unveiled by Lord Houghton, July 18, 1854. The simple epitaph was of his own selecting : 'He sang "The Song of the Shirt."' 1-40 'rUKODOUK HOOK. [1788-1811. H THEODOEE HOOK. 1788-1841. 0()K was born in Charlotte Street, Bedford Square. Met Hook in the Burlington Arcade ; walked witli liini to tlic British Museum. As we passed down Great Russell Street, Hook paused on arriving at Charlotte Street, Bedford Square, Lettej's'ofR. and, pointing to the northwest corner nearly opposite R Bariiaui, ^q i\^q house (the second from the corner) in which he himself was born, observed, ' There by that lamp- post stood Martha the Gypsy.' Bedford Square and its immediate neighborhood have seen but few changes daring the last hundred years, although Charlotte Street in Hook's babyhood included the present Bloomsbury Street. Hook went to school in Soho Square, at ' a green-doored, brass-plated establishment,' the number of which he does not give, but which might be any one of half a dozen simi- lar houses answering to that description, and standing in 1885, as they had stood a century earlier, on different sides of the green. Here, according to his own storj', he was a regular truant, walking about the neighboring streets during school hours, and inventing excuses for his unlawful absence. Hook had no settled home in London when in 1810 he per- petrated his famous joke, known as the ' Berners Street Hoax.' Mrs. Tottingham, the unhappy victim, lived at No. 54 Berners Street (running from Oxford Street, northerly to Mortimer Street and the Middlesex Hospital), when there came to her door hundreds of tradespeople bearing goods of all sizes and descriptions, from a mahogany coffin to an ounce THEODORE HOOK. 1788-1811.] THEODOKE HOOK. 141 of snufF, ordered by Hook, in her name, to be delivered at the same hour ; while at the same hour, at the invitation of Mrs, Tottingham {per T. H.), came as well bishops, min- isters of State, doctors in haste to cure her bodily ailments, lawyers to make her will, barbers to shave her, mantua- makers to fit her, — men, women, and children on every con- ceivable errand. The damage done and the confusion created were very great ; and Hook, who had spent six weeks in con- cocting and elaborating the scheme, witnessed the effects from a safe window over the way. In 1820 Hook established the newspaper called 'John Bull.' Its office was in Gough Square, Fleet Street (see Johnson). At this time he was living in a small cottage at Somers Town. In 1823 he was brought to England from the Mauritius in disgrace for the misconduct of a deputy for which he was held responsible, and was imprisoned in a sponging-house in Shire Lane (no longer in existence ; see Addison, p. 8), where he remained nine months. To a consoling friend who congratulated him upon the comfort and brightness of his prison apartments, he replied, pointing to the arrangements made to prevent escape, ' Oh, yes, the room is cheerful enough barring the windows ! ' Subsequently he was re- moved to a lodging-house ' within the rule of King's Bench Prison,' in Southwark, where he spent a year. This house was in Temple Place, a row of buildings in the Blackfriai's Poad, not far from the Surrey Theatre. After his final discharge from arrest, in 1825, Hook hired a cottage at Putney; but in 1827 he took a larger and more fashionable mansion, No. 5 Cleveland Row, directly oppo- site the Chapel Royal, St. James's, which was still standing in 1885. In 1831 Hook settled at Egmont Villa, at Fulham, where the rest of his life was spent. 142 TlIEODOKi: HOOK. [17S8-1841. Here bo engaged a comfortable luit unpretending villa on tbu banks of the river, situated between the bridge [Putney Bridge] „ , , and the pleasure-grounds of the BisboT) of London. . . . Barliam's tt ii i i Life (if His library was tlie beau ideal of a literary workshop ; fluii..'xUi. '' "f moderate dimensions, but light and cheerful, hung round with choice specimens of water-color drawings, and opening into a small garden . This house was taken down in 1855. It stood on the site of the abutment of the Aqueduct of the Chelsea Water Works Compan3\ Hook died at Fulham on the 24th of August, 1841, and was buried very privately in tlie churchyard of All Saints there, immediately opposite the cliancel window, and within a few steps of his own house. A simple stone, with his name and age, marks the spot ; but no green mound was above him when his grave was visited in 1885, — not a blade of grass or a flower flourishing among the pebbles and rough, yellow, unsightly flints that surround his headstone. Hook was a clubable man, and a frequenter of Crockford's, on the west side of St. James's Street, on the site of which the Devonshii-e Club, No. 50 St. James's Street, was afterwards erected, and of the Eccentrics, which met in his day in Chandos Street, Coveut Garden (see Sheridan). He was, however, more closely associated with the Athe- naeum Club, Waterloo Place and Pall Mall, than with any other. At the Athena3um Theodore Hook was a great card ; and in a note to a sketch of him in the ' Quarterly Review,' it is stated that the number of dinners at this club fell off by upwards Tinibs'sCu- ,,,,11 ,. riosities of of three hundred per annum after Hook disappeared cinbs!" from his fiivorite comer, next the door of the coffee-room. That is to say, there must have been some dozen of gen- tlemen who chose to dine there once or twice every week of the season, merely for the chance of Hook's being there, and permit- ting them to draw their chairs to his little table in the course of 1711-177(5] DAVID HUME. 143 the evening. The corner alluded to will, we suppose, long retain the name which it derived from him, ' Temperance Corner.' Many grave and dignified personages being frequent guests, it would hardly have been seemly to be calling for repeated supplies of a certain description ; but the waiters well understood what the oracle of the corner meant hy ' Another glass of toast and water,' or 'A little more lemonade.' He was also a member of ' The Honorable Society of Jackers,' which met as late as 1812 at the Black Jack Tav- ern, No. 12 Portsmouth Street, near Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. This inn — called also the ' Jump,' from an ex- ploit of Jack Sheppard, who was one of its frequenters — was still standing in 1885, althougli doomed to destruction, and was one of the oldest, most curious and interesting inns left in the metropolis. It had escaped the restorers, who have done so much to wipe out all that they have attempted to renew ; and save the few slight repairs that had been neces- sary to keep it from tumbling to pieces, it was left as Joe Miller and the worthies of his and later days had known it. In the little dark back-parlor were the very benches and tables of a couple of centuries ago, carved with the now un- decipherable initials of a thousand names, many of which, no doubt, were not born to die. DAVID HUME. 1711-1776. TTUME spent but little time in London. In 1758 he "^ -*■ was in lodgings in Lisle Street, Leicester Fields, and again in 176G, when Eousseau was his guest, and before their famous quarrel began. It was here that, as Rousseau asserted, Hume insulted him while talking in his sleep, — a 144 LEIGH HUNT. [1784-1859. grave charge, doubted by Hume's friends, who did not credit him with ' snoring in French.' While Hume was TTndei-- Secretary of State, from 1767 to 17G1), he occupied a house in Park Place, St. James's Street. The streets of London were not regularly numbered at that time, and the position of neither of these houses is known. He was a member of Brooks's, which was in his day at No. 52 Pall iMall. The British Institution, now no longer standing, afterwards occu- pied its site. LEIGH HUNT. 1784-1859. T EIGH HUNT was bom in the village of Southgate, -^^ eight miles north of London, and in the parish of Edmonton, where lie the weary bones of Charles and Mary Lamb (see Lamb). He was educated at the Blue Coat School (see Coleridge, pp. 5G-57), and in his Autobiogra- phy has given a graphic description of that establishment in his day, and of his own life there. Christ-Hospital (for such is its proper name, and not Christ's Hospital) occupies a considerable portion of ground between ^ . , Newgrate Street, Giltspur Street, St. Bartholomew's, Lei"!] o ' 1 ' ' Hunt's and Little Britain. There is a quadrangle with clois- ography, ters ; and the Square inside the cloisters is called the chap. III. Garden, and most likely was the monastery garden. Its only delicious crop for many years has been pavement. Another large area, presenting the Grammar and Navigation Scliools, is also misnamed the Ditch ; the town ditch having formerly nm that way. In Newgate Street is seen the hall, or eating-room, — one of the noblest in England, adorned with enor- mously long paintings by Verrio and others, and Avith an organ. A portion of the old c^uadrangle once contained the library LEIGH HUNT. 1784-1859.] LEIGH HUNT. 145 of the monks, and was built or repaired by the famous Whitting- ton, whose arms were to be seen outside ; but alterations of late years have done it away. Our routine of life was this. We rose to the call of a bell at six in summer, and seven in winter ; and after combing ourselves, and washing our hands and face, we went at the call of another bell to breakfast. All this took up about an hour. Froni breakfast we proceeded to school, where we remained till eleven, winter and summer, and then had an hour's play. Dinner took place at twelve. Afterwards was a little play till one, when we went again to school, and remained till tive in summer and four in winter. At six was the supper. We used to play after it in summer till eight. On Sundays, the school time of other days was occupied in church, both morn- ing and evening ; and as the Bible was read to us every day before every meal, besides prayers and grace, we rivalled the monks in the religious part of our duties. On the 13th of June, 1813, Byron and Moore dined with Hunt in Horsemonger Lane Gaol during his two years' im- prisonment in that establishment for his libel upon the Prince Itegeut in the ' Examiner.' Our day in the prison Avas, if not agreeable, at least novel and odd. I had, for Lord Byron's sake, stipulated with our host before- hand, that the j)arty should be as much as possible confined to ourselves ; and as far as regarded dinner Life of my wislies had been attended to. . . . Soon after din- ^™"' '' * ner, however, there dropped in some of our host's literary friends, who, being utter strangers to Lord Byron and myself, rather dis- turbed the ease in which we were all sittinf'. Hunt thus describes his prison surroundings : — I papered the walls with a trellis of roses ; I had the ceiling colored with clouds and sky ; the barred -windows Hunt's were screened with Venetian blinds; and when my a'lKrlwjirof bookcases were set nx), with their busts and flowers, i»s Cni.tem- ^ _ ' poraries, and a pianoforte made its appearance, perhaps there vol. ii. was not a handsomer room on that side of the water. I took a pleasure, when a stranger knocked at the door, to see him come in 146 LEIGH HUNT. [1781-1859. and stare about him. Tbu surprise on issuing froui the borough and passing thi-ough the avenue of a jail was dramatic. Charles Lamb declared there was no other such room except in a I'airy tale. Horsenionger Lane Gaol stood ou the south side of Trinity Square, Ncwiugtou Causeway. Its chief entrance — still standing in 1885, and occupied as an office for the stamping of weights and measures, — was ou Union Eoad, formerly Horsenionger Lane. A public playground for children was opened on the site of the old prison in the spring of 1885. When I first visited Leigh Hunt [1817J, he lived at No. 8 York Buildings, in the New Road. His house was small and Procter's scuutil J' furnished. It was in a tiny room, built out at Recoilec- the back of the drawing-room, or first floor, which he tions of " Men of appropriated as a study, and over the door ol this was a Hue from the ' Faery Queene.' . . . He had very few books : an edition of the Italian Poets in many volumes, Spenser's works, and the minor poems of Milton being, however, amongst them. I don't think there was a Shakspere. There were always a few cut flowers in a glass of water on the table. New Road, which extended from. City Road to Edgeware Road in Hunt's time, has been divided by the Metropolitan Board of Works, for some deeply mysterious reason, into Pentonville Road, Eustoii Road, and ]\Iarylebone Road. York Buildings, which no longer exists as such, was on the south side of the present Marylebone Road, between York Place and Gloucester Place, and not far from Marylebone Church. There is, in the National Portrait Gallery at Kensington, a letter of Hunt's, dated 1830, from 'Cromwell Lane, Old Brompton.' This was that part of the street since called Harrington Road, which lies between Queen's Gate and Old Brompton Road. Hunt was living at No. 4 LTpper Cheyne Row, Chelsea, in 1834, when Carlyle became his neighbor; and his surroundings at that time are thus described by the Chelsea Sage : — 1784-1859.] LEIGH HUNT. 147 Hunt's household. Nondescript ! Unutterable ! Mrs. Hunt asleep on cushions ; four or live beautiful, strange, gypsy-looking children running about in undress, whom the lady or- dered to get us tea. The eldest boy, Percy, — a sallow, carlyle,^ black-haired youth of sixteen, with a kind of dark ^]jl;p'xviii. cotton, nightgown on, — went whirling about like a laniiliar, pervading everything; an indescribable dream-like house- hold. . . . Hunt's house excels all you have ever read of, — a poetical Tinkerdom, without parallel even in literatui-e. In his family room, where are a sickly large wife and a whole school of well-conditioned wild children, you will find half a dozen old rickety chairs gathered from half a dozen different hucksters, and all seeming engaged, and just pausing, in a violent hornpipe. On these and around them and over the dusty table and ragged car- pet lie all kinds of litter, — books, paper, egg-shells, scissors, and, last night when I was there, the torn heart of a half-quarter loaf. His own room above stairs, into which alone I strive to enter, he keeps cleaner. It has only two chairs, a bookcase, and a writing- table ; yet the noble Hunt receives you in his Tinkerdom in the spirit of a king, apologizes for nothing, places you in the best seat, takes a window-sill himself if there is no other, and then, folding closer his loose flensed for gradual decay of strength by gaining ever more and more of the picturesque. Hunt lived early in this centur}'^ in the Vale of Health, a little hamlet on Hampstead Heath. At one end is a mon- ster caravansary of the common type, with merry-go-rounds and tea-gardens, called the Vale of Health Hotel; while at the other end is a smaller public house, called the Vale of Health Tavern ; and between the two are a number of un- assuming buildings of the ' villa ' order, but none seemingly dating back to Hunt's time. Old inhabitants of the neigh- borhood say that its character has entirely changed dur- ing the last fifty years. Mr. Thorne believes that Hunt's house was on the site of the Vale of Health Hotel. Dur- ing the last year of his life he is said to have lived at Hammersmith." 1753-1821.] MKS. INCIIBALD. 149 June 30, 1859. — Drove to Ilaiumersinitli, where we found Leigh Hunt and liis two daughters awaiting us. j^-^^ f. It was a very tiny cottage, witli white curtains and James T Fields : flowers in the window ; but his beautiful manner made Biogiaphical it a rich abode. The dear okl man talked delightfully ^'"'^'^''• about his flowers, calling them 'gentle household pets. Hunt's name is not to be found in the ' Loudon Directory ' for 1859. Hunt died, two months later, while visiting a friend in Chatheld House, — a modest two-storied brick dwelling on the west side of the High Street, Putney, and numbered 84 a quarter of a century afterwards. He was buried in Kensal Green, MRS. INCH BALD. 1753-1821. "\ /TRS. INCHBALD in 1784 was lodging in Leices- ^^■^ ter Court, Leicester Fields, afterwards Leicester Square, in very humble apartments, where she began the writing of the plays wliich have made her name known to-day. In 1787 she lived in Russell Street, Covent Garden, in the house which had been Button's (see Addisox, p. G). Here she occupied herself in translating plays from the French, and here she sold for two hundred pounds her ' Simple Story,' written in Frith Street, Soho, years before. In 1810 Mrs. Inchbald lived at No. 5, and afterwards at No. 11, George's Row, overlooking Hyde Park, and since called St. George's Place, not far from St. George's Hospital. 160 MRU. INC'lir.ALl) [ITiVi-lb-il 111 1812 she removed to No. 4 Earl's Terrace, a quaint, old-fashioned row of buildings with u strip of green before them, ill Kensington Koad opposite HoUand Park. She lodged also in JSloane Street, Knightsbridge, and in Leonard Pkxce, Kensington, near Earl's Court lload. At all times Mrs. Inchbald seems to have determmed to reUiiu liL'i- ])rilL'rt independence, and to have chosen to have her time and property at her own disposal. She had an enthu- KhvoocVs siastic love of home, although that home was often, L'i(ik-s of indeed generally, only a single, or at most a couple of Kn-iaiid, rooms up two or three pairs of stairs, occasionally in vol. 1. : Mrs. / ^ . ' \ n Inchbald. the attic, where she was waited on by the servant oi the house, or sometimes not waited on at all, for she not unfrequently speaks of fetching her own water, and dressing her own dinner ; and she once kept a coroneted carriage waiting ■whilst she finished scouring her apartment. ... At one time she took up her abode in a hoarding-house ; but she could not, she said, when there, command her a])petite and be hungry at stated periods, like the rest of the hoarders ; so she generally returned to her attic, her crust of bread, and liberty. Mrs. Inchbald died at Kensington House, which stood at the enti-anee of Kensington High Street, almost opposite the Palace Gate. In Mrs. Inchbald's day it was a college of the Order of Jesuits. It was afterwards a private lunatic asylum, but was taken down in 1872 to make way for the grand mansion of Baron Grant, which also in its turn has disappeared. o Here [Kensington House] Mrs. Inchbald spent the last two jp.^^^ years of her life ; and here on the 1st of August, 1821, Hunt's she died, we fear — how shall we say it of so excellent Suburb," a woman, and in the sixty-eighth year of her age? — chap. VI. ^^ ^j^^i^j. ifi(.ing_ u„t she had been very handsome, was still handsome, was growing fat, and had never liked to part with her beauty ; who that is beautiful does ? ELIZABETH INCHBALD. 1794-1860.] ANNA JAMESON. 151 Mrs. Inchbald was buried in the yard of St. Mary's Church, Kensington (see Colman, p. G2). The gravestones were all removed on the destruction of the old church, and no tablet to her memory is to be found in the new.'-^" ANNA JAMESON. 1794-1860. "\ /TRS. JAMESON came to London with her family in -'■*-*■ 180.3, when they settled at Hanwell on the Uxbridge Road. In 1806 they were living 'in the busy region of Pall Mall.' She began her married life in Chenies Street, which runs from Gower Street to Tottenham Court Road. On her retui-n to London after a continental tour in 182.5 she lived for many years in the house of her sister, No. 7 Mortimer Street, Cavendish Square. The street has been lengthened, and of course I'enumbered. Mi's. Jameson's home was in the present Cavendish Street, a few doors from the Square. Mrs. Jameson was visiting friends at No. 51 Wimpole Street in 1844, when she first met Mrs. Browning, then Miss Barrett, who lived next door. From 1851 to 1854 she lived in Bruton Street, Berkeley Squai'e. Here she was able to collect her friends aljout her, and saw a good deal of what may fairly be termed brilliant so- ciety at the simple evening-parties which she held on Amia'.Jame- Wednesday evenings, much after the fashion of the Ro- J'?" • Later . . . Life, man reunions, in which the circle of her literary friends was diversified by a little admixture from tlie great world, and by 15 152 DULCiLAS JLUiKULD. [1803-1857. the occasional appearance of strangers of note, Americans and foreigners. Mrs. Jameson, spending niucli time among the art treas- ures in the Pi'int Koom of the British Museum, was in lodg- ings in Conduit Street, Regent Street, in the spring of 1860; and here in March of that year she died. She was buried by the side of her father and mother iu Kensal Green. DOUGLAS JERROLD. 1803-1857. ■pvOUGLAS JERROLD was born in Greek Street, Soho, ^-^ January 3, 1803, during a visit of his mother to London ; but his infancy and his youth were spent in tlie neighborhood of the various provincial theatres of which his father was manager. After two years of life as a ship's boy, where he gathered, by hard experience, the knowledge afterwards displayed in his famous nautical drama, he settled in London in 1816, 'in humble enough lodgings in Broad Court,' a quaint little thoroughfiire full of dingy old liouses, running from Bow Street to Drury Lane. While living here he was appren- ticed to a printer in Northumberland Sti'cet, Strand. The young printer brought home joyfully enough his first earnings. Very dreary was his home, with liis poor las Jcnoia" weak father sitting in the chimney-corner: but there chap.*i'a"' ■^^'^^ ^ fi^^ i'^ *^^ ^''y ^^^ would light up that liome ; at any rate, they were very cheerful for one day. In 1819 he was in the establishment of a printer in Lombard Street, his first employer having failed. No record of Jerrold's home life in London for a number of years is preserved to us. In 1829 his address was No. 4 MRS. JAMESON 1803-1857.] DOUGLAS JERROLD. 153 Augustus Square, Regent's Park, — a small two-storied, countrified cottage at the junction of Park Village and Augustus Street; left unaltered in 1885. In 1834 he was living in Thistle (irove, Fulham lload, Chelsea, since ex- tended and renumbered ; in 1835, in Michael's Grove, Bromp- ton Road. In 1838 his address was Haverstock Hill. In 1844 he had a cottage in Park Village, East Regent's Park, near Augustus Square, which forty years later was as quiet and rural as a village street ; and in 1845 he went to West Lodge, Lower Puti>ey Common, where he remained eight or nine years. This study [West Lodge] is a very snug room. All about it are books. Crowning the shelves are Milton and Shakspere. A bit of Shakspere's mulberry tree lies on the mantel- piece. Above the sofa are the 'Rent Day' and las Jeiroid^' 'Distraining for Rent,' Wilkie's two pictures. Under ^i^;.^^^\^?°' the two prints laughs Sir Joshua's sly ' Puck,' perched upon a pulpy mushroom. . . . The furniture is simple solid oak. The desk has not a speck upon it. The marble shell upon which the inkstand rests has no litter in it. Various notes lie in a row between clips, on the table. The paper-basket stands near the arm-chair, prepared for answered letters and rejected contribu- tions. The little dog follows his master into his study, and lies at his feet. That cottage at Putney, its garden, its mulberry tree, its grass- plot, its cheery library with Douglas Jerrold as the chief figure in the scene, remains as a bright and most pleasant Recollec- picture in our memory. He had an almost reverential Writers by fondness for books, books themselves, and said he Charles and ' Mary Cow- could not bear to treat them, or to see them treated, den Clarke : with disrespect. He told us it gave him pain to see them turned on their faces, stretched open, or dog's-eared, or carelessly flung down, or in any way misused. He told us this, holding a volume in his hand with a caressing gesture, as though he tendered it afiectionately and gratefully for the pleasure it had given him. 154 DOUGLAS JKKKOLD. [1803-1857. West Lodge, still standing in 1885, was one of two semi- attached houses (the other called Elm House) on the borders of Lower Putney Common, between the Lower Richmond Road and the River, and about a mile beyond Putney Brid'»-c. It was a spacious irregular brick house, with red- tiled gabled roofs, surrounded by fine old trees, and with a wide stretch of common in front. It had more the appear- ance of a farm-house than a gentleman's villa. At West Lodge Mrs. Caudle was created. In 1853 Jerrold was living in Circus Road, St. John's Wood, a street that has been renmnbered witliin a few years. Early in 1857 he removed to Kilburn Priory, 8t. John's Wood, a short street running northerly from Maida Vale to Upton Road ; and here on the 8th of June of the same year he died. Ho was buried at Norwood, and on his tombstone are inscribed the lines by his son : ' Sacred to the memory of Douglas William Jerrold, born 1803, died 1857. An English writer whose works will keep his memory green better than any epitaph.' Jerrold's clubs were very many. Tliackeray worked hard, and successfully, to insure his election to the Reform, No. 104 Pall Mall; but he was more frequently to be found in humbler and more entertaining organizations. Of the clubs he set afloat and gave names to Avithin my own recollection, I particularly call to mind those which he christened, respectively, ' Hook and Eye ' and ' Our Club ; ' the for- Meiiioriais mer holding its weekly meetings at the Albion in Rus- ^;[,;^">;T''"'^'' sell street, Covent Garden, and the latter at Clunn's, in tlie Piazza, Covent Garden. . . . Many years before this period Jerrold was an active member of a club called ' The Mulberries,' which was held in the Wrekin Tavern, in the neigh- borhood of Covent Garden, and in which a regulation was estab- lished that ' some paper or poem or conceit bearing upon Shakspere should be contributed by each member, the general title being " Mulberry Leaves." ' 1709-178J.] SAMUEL JOHNSON. 155 The Albion Tavern, No. 26 Russell Street, Covent Garden, was still in 1885 much frequented by theatrical people at all hours of the day and night. Clunn's (afterwards Richard- son's) Hotel, No. 1, on the Piazza, Covent Garden, is no longer in existence. The site of the Wrekin Tavern was No. 22 Broad Court, Bow Street, on the corner of Cross Court. It was taken down about 1870 (see Godwin, p. 118). Jerrold was a member also of ' the Museum, a properly modest and literary club,' established in 1847, 'at the end of Northumberland Street,' Strand, of the Gratis and the Rational clubs ; and he was first president of the Whittington Club, which met at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, Arundel Street, Strand (see Johnson and Rogers). On its site the Whittington Club house. No. 37 Arundel Street, now closed, was afterwards built. SAMUEL JOHNSOK 1709-1784. npHE stoiy of Dr. Johnson's life, as he himself and as his -*- friends have told it, has been so carefully and so minutely recorded that no attempt will be made here to tell it in any other way. His earliest experiences of London were in his extreme youth. He says, in ' An Account of the Life of Dr. Samuel John- son, from his Birth to his Eleventh Year, Written by Him- self : ' — This year [1712] in Lent I was taken to London to be touched for the Evil by Queen Anne. My mother was at Nicholson's, the famous bookseller of Little Britain. I always retained some memory of this journey, although I was but thirty months old. 156 SAMUEL JOUNSON. [1709-1784. Boswell adds : — Mrs. Piozzi has preserved his very picturesque description of the scene as it remained upon his fancy. Being asked LifiH>fJohn- ^^ ^^ couhl remember Queen Anne, ' lie had/ he said, sdii, 1712, ' a confused but somehow a sort of solemn recoUec- tion of a lady in diamonds and a long black hood.' This touch, however, was without any effect. Johnson's next interview with royalty, when he met George III. in the library of Buckingham House in 1767, Boswell considers one of the most remarkable incidents of his life. During the whole of this interview Johnson talked to his Bosweii's Majesty with profound respect, but still in his firm joiinson, ^ manly manner, with a sonorous voice, and never in that subdued tone which is commonly used at the levee and in the drawing-room. Buckingham House was taken down in 1825, by order of George IV., and Buckingham Palace erected upon its site. Johnson was a man of eiglit-and-twenty when he decided to try his fortunes in London; and he and Garrick arrived here together in March, 1737. He had a little money when he came to town, and he knew how he could live in the cheapest manner. His first lodgings were at the house of Mr. Norris, a stay-maker, in Exeter John7onr Street, adjoining Catherine Street, in the Strand. 'I 1737, m. 28. ,|jj-,gj^j pjjj^i i,(,^ i y^.j.y ^vell for eightpence, with very good company at the Pine Apple in New Street, just by : sev- eral of them had travelled ; they expected to meet every day, but did not know one another's names. It used to cost the rest a shilling, for they drank wine ; but I had a cut of meat for six- pence, and bread for a penny, and gave the waiter a penny ; so that I was quite well served, nay, better than the rest, for they gave the waiter nothing.' jS'ew Street runs from St. Martin's Lane to the junction of King and Bedford Streets, but no Pine Apple exists there nov/. 1709-1784.] SAMUEL JOHNSON. 157 About this period Johnson began his labors in the estab- lishment of Edward Cave, editor of the ' Gentleman's Maga- zine,' at St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, where he was engaged in 1737, and where he first met Savage. St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, one of the oldest and most interesting structures in London, had, as late as 188.5, by- rare good fortune, been spared by the demons of improve- ment. The Jerusalem Tavern still stood at the east side, and in its coffee-room was shown," among other interesting relics, what purports to be Johnson's armchair, A bench without a back or a three-legged stool was probably con- sidered good enough for him when he worked for Cave. The editorial and printing rooms of the 'Gentleman's Magazine' were, it is said, over the street, in a room occupied in 1885 and for some years previously by the St. John's Ambulance Association. Here Johnson toiled, and here, as is recorded on the walls in large letters, ' Garrick made his essay as an actor in London, 1737, in the farce of the " Mock Doctor." ' " In this same year Johnson was lodging at Greenwich ; for Boswell quotes a letter from him to Cave, dated 'July 12, 1737, Greenwich, next door to the Golden Heart [no longer standing], Church Street.' Shortly afterwards he had lodg- ings in Woodstock Street, Oxford Street, and in Castle Sti-eet, near Cavendish Square, in houses which, if they remain, it is not possible to identify now. In Castle Street he wrote ' London.' No detailed account of his places of residence for the next ten years is given by Boswell ; but in 1748 he speaks of his temporary home at Hampstead. For the gratification of posterity let it be recorded that the house so dignified [by the occiq^aney of Johnson] was p.^^^,^ the last in Frogual, Southward, now [1818] ocoq^ied Hampstead, p. 334, by Benjamin Charles Stephenson, Esq. Xo trace of this house now remains. 158 SAMUEL JOHNSON. [1709-1784. Johnson lived, from 1748 to 1 758, at Xo. 17 Gough Square, Fleet Street. Here he begun tlie publication of the ' llani- bler,' in 1 750 ; here his wife died, in 1752 ; and here he com- pleted the Dictionary, published in 1755. It was in this house, no doubt, that he delivered himself of the famous detinition of 'network' ('anything reticulated or decus- sated, at equal distances, with interstices between the inter- sections '), which has ever since made the meaning and use of the word so clear to the average mind. This house, still standing in 1885, has been marked by a tablet of the Society of Arts. In Bolt Court he had a garden, and perhaps in Johnson's Court and Gough S(iuare, which we mention to show how Leigli i -1 T 111 1 Hunt's tranquil and removed these places were, and convenient chap- m-"' ^"^ a student who wished, nevertheless, to have tlie bustle of London at hand ; and Maitland describes Johnson's and Bolt Courts in 1739 as haying ' good houses, well inhabited ; ' and Gough Square he calls fashionable. Soon after this [in 1758], I\Ir. Burney, during a visit to the Capital, had an interview with him in Gough Square, where he dined and drank tea with him, and was introduced to Boswell's ' Johnson, the ac{iuaintance of Mrs. Williams. After dinner Mr. 1758, .Et. 49. T , ^ 1 * nr r. + •*! l • Johnson proposed to Mr. Lurney to go up with nun into his garret, which, being accepted, he there found about five or six Greek folios, a deal writing-desk, and a chair and a half. Johnson gave to his guest the entire seat, anel tottered himself on one with only three legs and one arm. I went one day searching for Johnson's place of abode. Found with difficulty the house in Gough Scpiare, where the Note Book, Dictionary was composed. The landlord, whom Glen rvmule's ^^^'^ ^ incidentally inquired of, was just scraping his Cariyle, vol. feet at the door, invited us to walk in, showed us the ii. chap. X. r. i • i i i i i garret room, etc. (of which he seemed to have the obscurest tradition, taking Johnson for a schoolmaster). On the 23d of March, 1759, Johnson wrote to Mrs. Lucy Porter : — 1 709-1 7S4.] SAMUEL JOHNSON. 159 I have this day moved my things, and you are Boswell's now to direct to me at Staple Inn rilolbornl, London. fPJ!,"*?"- ,„ } '- _ 1769, itt. 50. I am going to publish a little story-book [' Rasselas '], which I will send you when it is out. He retired to Gray's Inn, and soon removed to chambers in the Inner Temple Lane [No. Ij, where he lived in poverty, total idleness, and the pride of literature. Mr. Fitzherbert Arthur . . . used to say that he paid a morning visit to Murphy's •J >■ o Essay on the Johnson, intending from his chamber to send a letter Life and , ^. 1 . , 1 • ^ 1 r 1 Genius of to the City ; but to his great surprise he lound an sanmei author by profession without pen, ink, or paper. The Jo''"son. present Bishop of Salisbury was also among those who endeav- ored, by constant attention, to soothe the cares of a mind which he knew to be afflicted with gloomy apprehensions. Johnson's house in Inner Temple Lane has since been removed, giving place to the more imposing but less inter- esting Johnson's Buildings, which stand upon its site. Dr. Johnson's library was contained in two garrets over his chambers [Inner Temple Lane], where Lintot, son of the cele- brated bookseller of that name, had formerly his ware- gf,,^^,p]i.^ house. I found a number of good books, but very Johnson ^ 1703, JEt. 54. dusty and in great confusion. The floor was strewed with manuscript leaves in Johnson's own handwriting, which I beheld with a degree of veneration, supposing they might perhaps contain portions of the ' Rambler ' or of ' Rasselas.' I observed an apparatus for chemical experiments, of which Johnson was all his life very fond. The place seemed to be very favorable for retirement and meditation. Beauclerc gives the following account of a visit he made to Johnson in Inner Temple Lane with Madame de Bouf- flers, — a French lady of doubtful morality, who aspired to be considered a blue-stocking. AVhen j\Iadaine de Boufflers was first in England [1763], she was desirous to see Johnson. I accordingly went with 3^g,,.gji,j. her to his chambers in the Temple, where she was ^0]'"^™. ^^ • -iTTu 1T65, Mt. 56. entertained with his conversation lor some time. VVrien 160 SAMUEL JOHNSON. [1709-1784. our visit was over, she and I left him, and were got into Inner Temple Lane, when all at once I heard a noise like thunder. This was occiisioned by Johnson, who, it seems, on a little recol- lection had taken it into his head that he ou^ht to have done the honors of his literary residence to a foreign lady of quality, and, eager to show himself a man of gallantry, was hurrying down the stairs in violent agitation. He overtook us before we reached the Temple Gate, and, brushing in between me and Madame de Boufflers, seized her hand and conducted her to the coach. Ozias Humphrey, R. A., an eminent painter, in a letter to his brother dated September 19, 17G4, and quoted by Croker in his ' Johnsoniana,' gives the following picture of Johnson's life in Inner Temple Lane : — The day after I wrote my last letter to you, I was introduced to Mr. Johnson by a friend. We passed through three very dirty rooms to a little one that looked like an old counting-house, where this great man was sat at breakfast. The furniture of this room was a very large deal writing-desk, an old walnut-tree table, and five ragged chairs of four different sets. I was very much struck with Mr. Johnson's appearance, and could hardly help thinking him a madman for some time, as he sat waving over his breakfast like a lunatic. He is a very large man, and was dressed in a dirty brown coat and waistcoat, with breeches that were brown also (although they had been crimson), and an old black wig ; his shirt collar and sleeves were unbuttoned ; his stockings were down about his feet, which had on them, by way of slippers, an old pair of shoes. He had not been up long when we called on him, which was near one o'clock. He seldom goes to bed before two in the morning ; and Mr. Reynolds [Sir Joshua] ' tells me he generally drinks tea about an hour after he has supped. We had been some time with him before he began to talk, l)ut at length he began, and, faith, to some purpose : everything he says is as correct as a second edition ; 'tis almost impossible to argue with him, he is so sententious and so knowing. Boswell had his first interview with Johnson in the house of Mr. Thomas Davies the actor, No. 8 Russell Street, 1709-1784.] SAMUEL JOHNSON. 161 Covent Garden; and he thus describes the momentous event : — At last, on Monday the 16th of May [1763], when I was sitting in Mr. Davies's back-parlor, after having drunk tea with him and Mrs. Davies, Johnson unexpectedly came into the shop, BoswGil s and, Mr Davies having ijerceived him through the Johnson, , ' . , • u • 1 •*.♦ 1 1763, JEt. bi. glass door m the room in which we were sittnig ad- vancing towards us, he announced his awful approach to me somewhat in tiie manner of an actor in the part of Horatio, when he addresses Hamlet on the appearance of his father's ghost, ' Look, my lord, it comes ! ' I found that 1 had a very perfect idea of Johnson's figure, from a portrait of him painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds, soon after he had published his Dictionary, in the attitude of sitting in his easy-chair in deep meditation. Tom Davies's house still stood in 1885, but the ground floor had been turned into a green-grocer's shop. One week later. May 24, Boswell for the first time called on Johnson, and ' found the Giant in his den.' His chambers were on the first floor of No. 1 Inner Temple Lane. ... He received me very courteously ; but it must be confessed that his apartment and furniture and morn- ^^^^^^,1,^ inp dress were sufficiently uncouth. His brown suit Johnson, of clothes looked very rusty ; he had on a little old ' ' ' shrivelled unpowdered wig, which was too small for liis head ; his .shirt neck and knees of his lireeches were loose, his black worsted stockings ill drawn up ; and he had a pair of unbuckled shoes by way of slippers. But all these slovenly peculiari- ties were forgotten the moment he began to talk. . . . He told me that he generally went abroad at four in the after- noon, and seldom came home till two in the morning. I took the liberty to ask if he did not think it wrong to live thus, and not make more use of his great talents. He owned it was a bad habit. Concerning his personal appearance and carelessness of dress the following story may be told here : — 1G2 SAMUEL JOHNSON. [1709-1784. In general liis wigs were very shabby, and their foreparts were burned away by the near approach of the candle, which his Boswell's short-sightedness reiidfred necessary in ixnidiiig. At .lohnsoii, Streatham Mr. Thrale's butler had always a better wi^ 177S, yEt. C9 : , i t i i ,. , ' •, . Note by ready, and as Johnson passed ironi the drawuig-room '°'"- when dinner was announced, the servant would re- move the ordinary wig and replace it with the newer one ; and this ludicrous ceremony was peribrnied every day. From 1765 to 177G Johnson lived at No. 7 Johnson's Court, Fleet Street, in a house still standing in 1885, but miserable in its neglected old age. Here he wrote the Prologue to Goldsmith's ' Good Matured ]\Ian,' and pub- lished his ' Journey to the Hebrides,' his edition of Shak- spere, and a new edition of the Dictionary. Johnson's Court was not so called, as has been generally supposed, because of his residence in it. The name was a mere coincidence ; but it gave him the opportunity of referring to himself, while in Scotland with Boswell, as ' Johnson of that Ilk.' I returned to London in February [1766], and found Dr. John- „ ,„ son in a good house in Johnson's Court, Fleet Street Boswell's 7 . ' Johnson, (No. 7), in which he had accommodated Miss Williams with an apartment on the ground floor, while Mr. Levett occupied his post in the garret. To my great surprise, he asked me to dine with him on Easter Day [1773]. I never supposed that he had a dinner at his house, Boswell's for I never heard of his friends having been enter- ^"-"®'^/„. tained at his table. He told me, 'I generally have a 1773, ^t.G4. '^ "l meat pie on Sunday ; it is baked at a public oven, whicli is very properly allowed, because one man can attend to it ; and thus the advantage is obtained of not keeping servants, from church to dress dinner.' ... I had gratified my curiosity much in dining with Jean Jacques Eousseau while he lived in tlie wilds of Neufchatel. I had as great a curiosity to dine Avith Dr. Samuel Johnson in the dusty recess of a court in Fleet Street. I supposed we should scarcely have knives and forks, and only some strange, uncouth, ill-drest dish ; Init I found every- ,/^^-\^ SAMUKI. JUHNSON. A .^^*^ •,viV ^^f. 1709-17S4.] SAMUEL JOHNSON. 163 thin" in very good order. We Lad no other company but Mrs. Williams and a young woman whom I did not know. As a dinner here was considered as a singular phenomenon, and as I was frequently interrogated on the subject, my readers may perhaps be desirous to know our bill of fare. Foote, I remember, in allusion to Francis the negro, was willing to suppose that our repast was black broth. But the fact was that we had a very good soup, a boiled leg of lamb and spinach, a veal pie, and a rice pudding. While living in Johnson's Court he first made the ac- quaintance of the Thrales (in 17 Go). He dined with them every Thursday during the winter, at Streatham, and gained iu many ways by the association. Their house, Streatham Place, stood in Streatham Park, on the south side of the Lower Common at Streatliain, Surre}', six miles from West- minster Bridge. It was taken down in 18G3, and no trace of it remains. Thrale's Brewery, afterwards Barclay and Perkins's, to which firm Johnson, as executor, sold the buildings and the business, stands in Park Street, west of the Borough High Street, Southwark, covering a large plot of ground (see Shakspere). We have often had occasion to sigh over the poverty of London in the article of genuine popular lesirends. One beer- , • rr., , T, Knight's house 18 among the exceptions, ihe workmen at Bar- London, clay and Perkins's will show you [1842] a little apart- Beer? ' ment in which, according to the tradition of the place, Johnson wrote his Dictionary. Now, this story has one feature of a genuine legend : it sets chronology at defiance. In 177G Johnson took possession of the house No. 8 Bolt Court, Fleet Street, where the rest of his life was spent. Having arrived in London late on Friday, the 15th March [1776], I hastened next morning to wait on Dr. John- Rng^^gii's son at his house, but found he was removed from •Tnimson, Johnson's Court to Bolt Court, No. 8, still keeping to ' . " 10 164 SAMUEL JOHNSON. [1709-1784. his favorite Fleet Street, My reflection at tlR- time upon this change, as marked in my journal, is as follows: 'I felt a foolish regret that he had left a court which bore his name; but it was not foolish to be affected with some tenderness of regard for a f place in which 1 liad sl-l-u him a gi'eat deal, from whence I had often issued a better and a liappier man tlian when 1 went in, and which had often appeared to me in my imagination, wliile I trod its pavement in the solemn darkness of the night, to be sacred to wisdom and piety.' On Wednesday, April 3 [1776], in the morning I found hira very busy [in Bolt Court] putting his books in order ; and as they were generally very old ones, clouds of dust were Johnson, flying arouud him. He had on a pair of large gloves 17/6, JEt. 67. g^g]^ gg tiejgers use. His present appearance put me in mind of my uncle Dr. Boswell's description of him : ' A robust genius, born to grai)ple with whole libraries,' On Monday, March 19th [1781], I arrived in London, and on Tuesday the 20th, met him in Fleet Street walking, or rather, Boswell's intleed, moving along ; for his peculiar march is thus Johnson, described in a Short Life of him published [by Kears- ley] very soon after his death : ' When he walked the streets, what with the constant roll of his head, and the con- comitant motion of his body, he appeared to make his way by that motion, independent of his feet.' That he was often much stared at while he advanced in this manner may easily he be- lieved ; but it was not safe to make sport of one so robust as he was. Mv. Langton saw him one day, in a fit of absence, by a sudden start drive the load off a porter's back, and walk forward briskly without being conscious of what he had done. The porter was very angry, but stood still, and eyed the huge figure with nnich earnestness, till he was satisfied that his wisest course was to be quiet and take up his burthen again. Dr. Johnson died at Bolt Covn't on the 13th of December, 1 784, and wa.s buried on the 20th of the same month, in Westminster Abbey, Charles Burney the younger, in a letter to Dr. Parr, dated December 21, gives the following account of his funeral : — 1709-1784.] SAMUEL JOHNSON. 165 Yesterday I followed our ever-lamented friend Dr. Johnson to his last mansion. . . . He was followed to the Abbey by a large troop of friends. Ten mourning-coaches were ordered by the executors for those invited. Besides work "of these, eight of his frieiuls or admirers clubbed for two ^^- Samuel ' " _ Fair. more carriages, in one of which I had a seat. But the executor, Sir John Hawkins, did not manage things well ; for there was no anthem or choir service performed, no lesson, but merely what is read over every old woman that was buried by the parish. Surely, surely, my dear sir, this was wrong, very wrong. Dr. Taylor read the service, but so so. He lies nearly under Shakspere's monument, with Garrick at his right hand, just opposite the monument erected not long ago for Goldsmith by him and some of his friends. Dr. Johnson's house in Bolt Court was destroyed soon after his death, but its immediate neighbors kave been little changed during the last hundred years. It was to this house that the elder D'Israeli and Samuel Eogers (q. v.) as young men both brought their poems, in search of encouragement and advice. Dr. Johnson for many years worshipped in the Chiu'ch of St. Clement Danes, Strand; and on his pew, iS^o. 18 in the North Gallery, is a brass plate bearing the following insci'iption : — In this pew, and beside this pillar, for many years attended Divine Service, the celebrated Dr. Samuel Johnson, the Philoso- pher, the Poet, the great Lexicographer, the Profound Moralist, and Chief Writer oi his time. Born 1709. Died 1784. In remembrance and honor of noble faculties, nobly employed, some inlialjitants of the Parish of St. Clement Danes have placed this .slight memorial a. d. 18.51. On the 9th of April [1773], being Good Friday, I breakfasted with Johnson on tea and cross-buns. He carried me to the Church of St. Clement Danes, where he had his seat ; Bosweli's and his l:)ehavior was, as I had imagined to myself, li^s'l^'^t 64. solemn and devout. I never shall forget the tremulous 1G6 SAMUEL JOHNSON. [1709-1784. earnestness with wliicli lie pronounced the luvl'iil petition of the Litany: 'In the hour oi' death and at the day of judgment, good Lord, deliver us.' April 4, 1771), Easter Day.— I rose about half an hour after nine, transcribed the prayer written last night, and by neglecting Joiinson's *° count time sat too long at breakfast, so that I came l^'-i'T. to church at the first lesson. I attended the Litanv Ros well's 1, i . 1 11 1 1 " .Toiinson, pretty well, but m the pew could not attend the iobus Smith's ' King of Clubs' (see Kogekh). He frequented also the Turk's Head, No. 142 Strand, near Somerset House, afterwards the house of Chapman the publisher, and the first London home of 'George Eliot' (see Mary Ann Evans, p. 98). In 1885 it was a tourist's ticket-office. At night [July 21, 1763] Mr. Johnson and I supped in a pri- Boswell's '^'^•te room at tiie Turk's Head Coffee House, in the 1703' m" 54 Strand. 'I encourage this house,' said he; 'for the mistress of it is a good civil woman, and has not much business.' In 1763 Johnson is described as reading 'Irene' to Peter Garrick, at the Foixntaine Tavern, No. 103 Strand, but no longer in existence. Slrype describes it as ' a very fine tavern, very conveniently built,' and as fronting on the Strand ' close to the alley leading to Fountain Court.' Simpson's was erected on its site. The name of Fountain Coin-t was changed to Savoy Buildings in the summer of 1884. He was often to be found at Clifton's, in Butcher Row, behind St. Clement Danes, and on the site of the front of the New Law Courts ; at Tom's Coffee House, No. 17 Russell Street, Covent Gar- den, taken down in 1865 (see Gibber, p. 55) ; at Will's, corner of Bow and Russell Streets (see Addison, p. 7) ; at the Brit- ish Coffee House, Cockspur Street^" (see Smollett) ; at the Old Red Lion Tavern, St. John Street Road, Islington (see Goldsmith, p. 125) ; and at the Old Baptist Head Tavern, St. John's Lane, Clerkenwell (see Goldsmith, p. 126). There is a general impression that Johnson was a frequenter of the Cock, No. 201 Fleet Street" (see Pbpys), and of the Cheshire Cheese, No. 16 Wine Office Court, Fleet Street (see Gold- 1573-74-1637.] BEN JONSON. 171 SMITH, p. 1 20) ; but although both of these existed before his day, a careful reading of his Life by Boswell has failed to discover any allusion to them. BEN JONSOK 1573-74-1637. M ITCH of the story of Jonson's life rests upon mere tra- dition. Contemporary authorities differ in many respects in their meagre accounts of him ; and the later biographers seem to agree only in doubting the statements made by his contemporaries. All that is related of Jonson in the ' History of the Wor- thies of England, Endeavored by Thomas Fuller, D.D.,' and in ' The Lives of Eminent Persons, by John Aubrey,' is quoted hei'e in full. Fuller lived from 1608 to 1661 ; Aubrey, from 1626 to 1700. Fuller says (' Westminster,' vol. ii. ) : — Benjamin Jobuson [sic] was born in this City [Westminster]. Though I cannot, with all my industrious inquiry, find him iu his cradle, I can fetch him from his long coats. When a little child he lived in Hartshorne Lane, near Charing Cross, where his mother married a bricl^layer for her second husband. He was first bred in a private school in St. Martin's Church [iu the Fields], then in Westminster School [see Churchill, p. 51]. He was suitably admitted into St. John's College, in Cambridge, where he continued but a few weeks for want of further maintenance, beiuff fain to return to the trade of his father-in-law. And let them blush not that have, but those who have not, a lawful call- ing. He helped in the structure of Lincoln's Inn, where, having a trowel in his hand, he had a book in his pocket. 172 BEN JONSON. [1573-74-1G37 Hartshonie Lane has since been called Northumberland Street (Strand), and entirely rebuilt. Malone, in his SShakspere,' says that he 'found in the register o£ St. Martin's that a Mrs. jNlargaret Jonson was married in November, 1575, to Mr. Thomas Fowler,' and this Margaret Jonson he believes to have been the mother of Ben. The old Church of St. Martin-iu-the-Fields was taken down in 1720. His mother [Ben Jonson's] after bis father's death, iiiaiiied n bricklayer, and 't is generally sayd, that he wrought some time with his father-iii-lawe, and particularly on the garden Li"es^o/ wall of Lincoln's Inne, next to Chancery lane, and Persons*^: that ... a bencher walking thro' and hearing him Jonson. repeat some Greeke verses out of Homer, discoursing with him, and finding him to have a witt extraordinary, gave him some exhibition to maintaine him at Trinity College in Cam- bridge. . . . Then he came o\*er into England, and acted and wrote, but both ill, at the Green Curtaine, a kind of nursery, or obscure play house, somewhere in ye suburbs (I think towards Shoreditch or Clerkenwell). . . . Long since, in King James's time, I have heard my Uncle Denver say (who knew him) that he lived without Temple Barre at a Combe-maker's shop about the Elephant and Castle. In his later time he lived in Westminster, in the house under wch you passe as you goe out of the Church- yard into the old palace, where he dyed. He lies buryed in the North aisle in the path of Square Stone (the rest is lozenge) op- posite to the scutcheon of Robertus de Ros, with this inscription only on him, in a pavement square, blew marble, about 14 inches square, O, Rare Ben Jonson. The Green Curtain was the Curtain Theatre, Shoreditch. Its exact site it is quite impossible to determine now, although Halliwell Phillipps, in his ' Illustrations of the Life of Shak- spere' (London, 1874), places it 'on the south side of Holy- well Lane, in or near the place called Curtain Court, which was afterwards called Gloucester Row and now Gloucester 1573-74-1637.] BEN JONSON. 173 Street.' It does not appear on any of the maps of London of its day, and Stow simply describes it as ' standing on the 8. W. side [of Shoreditch] towards the Fields.' Of the Elephant and Castle there is no trace left. It was oji the south side of the Strand, between Temple Bar and Essex Street. The gateway to Lincoln's Inn was still stand- ing in 188.5 in Chancery Lane, nearly opposite Cursitor Street, and bore the date 1518. This account I received from Mr. Isaac Walton (who wrote Dr. Jo Donne's Life, etc) December 2, 1680, being then eighty- seven years of age ; ' I only knew Ben Jonson, but my Lord of Winton knew him very well, and sayes he Lives of'' was in the 6th degree, that is the upermost iforme, persons': in Westminster scole, at which time his father dved, Jonson. foot- " note, and his mother married a bricklayer, who made him (much against his will) to help in bis trade. . . . My Lord of Winton told me he told him he was (in his long retyrement and sickness, when he saw liim, which was often) nmch afflickted, that liee had profained the scripture in his playes, and lamented it with horror ; yet at that time of his long retyrement his pen- tions, (so much as came in) was given to a woman that governed him, with whom he lievd and dyed nere the able in Westmin- ster ; and that nether he nor she took much care for next weike, and wood be sure not to want wine, of which he vsually tooke too much before he went to bed if not oftner and soner. My Lord tells me he knows not, but thinks he was born in West- minster.' If Jonson was in the sixth form at Westminster School when his father died, his mother could not have been the Margaret Jonson the record of whose marriage in 1575 Mr. Malone saw in the register of St. Martin's, unless Jonson was born earlier than 1573-74, the generally accepted date.^'^ The ' Biographia Britannica ' and other authorities say that he was a posthumous child. In 1598 Jonson killed 'Gabriel Spenser, the player' in a duel in Hoxton Fields, Shoreditch, now marked bv Hoxton 174 BEN JONSON. [1573-74-1637. Square; and he is said to have been Uving in 1G07 in Bh^ckfriars, where the scene of tlie ' Alchymist ' is laid. He died in 1037. Jonson's grave was 'dug not far from Drayton's.' According to the local tradition, he asked the king (Charles I.) to grant him Dean Stan- ''^ favor. ' What is it ? ' said the king. ' Give me ley's West- eighteen inches of square ground.' 'Where?' asked minster " i o Abbey, the king. ' In Westminster Abhey.' This is one < i.ip. iv. explanation given of the story that he was buried standing upright. Anotlier that it was with a view to his readi- ness for the Resurrection. . . . This [original] stone was taken up wlien in 1821 the nave was repaved, and was brought back from the stoneyard of the clerk of the works, in the time of Dean Bucklaud, by Avliose order it was fitted into its present place in the north wall of the nave. Meanwhile the original spot had been marked by a small triangular Ljzenge, with a copy of the old inscription. When, in 1849, Sir Robert Wilson was buried close by, the loose sand of Jonson's grave (to use the e.\- pression of the clerk of the works, who superintended the operation) ' rippled in like a quicksand,' and the clerk ' saw the two leg-bones of Jonson fixed Ijult upiight in the sand, as though the body had been buried in the upright jjosition ; and the skull came rolling down among the sand, from a position above the leg-bones to the bottoui of the newly made grave. There was still hair upon it, and it was of red color.' It was seen once more on the digging of John Hunter's grave, and it had still traces of red hair upon it. The name is spelled 'Johnson ' on the tombstone. Jonson was also associated with the Globe Theatre, 'near the Bear Gardens,' South wark, on the grounds afterwards occupied by the Brewery of Barclay and T-'erkins (see Shak- spere) ; and with its neighbor the Rose Theatre, the site of which was at the north end of the short alley called Rose Street in 1885. It ran from Park Street towards the Bank- side, and lay between the Bear Gardens and the Southwark Bridge Crossing. 1573-74-1637.] BEN JONSON. 175 The most famous of Jouson's public resorts was the Devil Tavern, which stood at iS^o. 1 Fleet Street, between the Temple Gate and Temple Bar. The banking-house of the Childs was built upon its site in 1788. Here he gatliered together his 'boys,' and, as he himself says, 'drank bad wine at the Devil.' The first speech in my ' Catiline ' spoken to Scylla's Beugem- GJiost was writ alter I parted with my iriends at the son, mms. Devil Tavern. I had drunk well that night, and had Duiwi™" ^' brave notions. CoUection. The great room [in the Devil Tavern] was called ' The Apollo!' Thither came all who desired to be 'sealed of the tribe of Ben ; ' here Jonson lorded it with greater authority than Dryden did afterwards at Will's, or ham's Hand- Addison at Button's. The rules of the club, drawn Londo°[: . up in the pure and elegant Latin of Jonson and iJevii '^ ^ . ° ... Tavern, placed over the chimney, were, it is said, engraven in marble. In the ' Tatler ' [No. 79] they are described as being in gold letters ; and this account agrees Avith the rules them- selves — in gold letters, upon board — still preserved in the banking-house of Messrs. Child, where I had the pleasure of seeing them in 1843. A bust of Apollo and a board containing the ' Welcome to the Oracle of Apollo,' taken from the Devil at the time of its destruction in 1788, are still to be seen in an upper hall of Child's Bank ; but the ' Rules,' as described by Mr. Cunningham, are not to be found there. Another tavern of Jonson's was the jMermaid in Cheap- side, which was destroyed in the Fire of 1666. Jonson is described as wearing a loose coachman's coat, fre- cpienting the Mermaid Tavern, where he drank seas of scott's Canary, then reeling home to bed, and after a profuse ^jJap'^v' perspiration, arising to his dramatic studies, Shakspere, according to tradition, was a frequenter of the Mermaid, and a companion there of Jonson. 176 BKN JONSON. [1573-74-1637. Many were the wit combats betwixt Shalcspere and Ben Jon- son, wliich two I beheld like a Spanish galleon and an English man-ol'-war ; Master Jonson, like the former, was Fuller's , ., n , . i • i • ^• t ■, i • , • Wurtiiics of built iar higher m learning ; solid but slow in his "•'''" performances. Shakspere with the English man-of- war, lesser in bulk, but lighter in sailing, could turn with all tides, tack about, and take advantage of uU winds, by the quickness of his wit and invention. As Fuller was but eight years old when Shakspere died, his accoiuits of what he saw and heard of Shakspere in the Mermaid are hardly to be relied upon. The ]\Ierinaid in Bread Street, the Mermaid in Friday Street, and the Mermaid in Cheap, were all one and the same. The Burns's taveru situated behind had a way to it from these Catalogue thoroughfares, but it was nearer to Bread Street than of the Beaufoy Friday Street. . . . The site of the Mermaid is clearly defined from the circumstance of R. W., a haber- dasher of small wares 'twixt Wood Street and Milk Street, adopting the same sign, ' Over against the Mermaid Tavern in Cheapside.' Among the other public houses frequented by Jonson were the Half Moon in Aldersgate Street, marked by Half Moon Alley (see Congreve, p. 64); 'The Falcon near the Theatre, Bankside,' marked by Falcon Dock and Falcon Wharf, Nos. 79 and 80 Bankside (see Shakspere) ; and the Three Cranes in the Vintry, described by Strype as being in New Queen Street, and marked now by Three Cranes Lane, Upper Thames Street, which runs parallel with Queen Street to the east of Southwark Bridge (see Pepys). ' The Swan at Charing Cross,' of which Jonson speaks pleasantly, was probably the tavern called in ' The New View of London,' published in 1708, the 'Swan Inn on the N. W. side of the Strand, near St. Martin's Lane End.' It has long since disappeared. 1795-1821.] JOHN KEATS. 177 A favorite suburban resort of Jonson was the Three Pigeous in the Market Place opposite the Town Hall, then the Market House, of Brentford. It was taken down some years ago, and a modern gin-palace built upon its site. JOHN KEATS. 1795-1821. K EATS was born in London on the 29th of October, 1795. His maternal grandfather, Jennings, was proprietor of a large livery-stable called ' The Swan and Hoop ' on the j, ,, Pavement in Moorlields, opposite the entrance into t'ons of T-i- 1 ,-,. XT- 1 p T . . , Writers by l^ms bury Circus. . . . Keats s father was the pnncipal cimries and servant in 'The Swan and Hoop,' a man so remark- (]pncia°^e. ably fine in common sense and native respectability i^eats. that I perfectly remember the warm terms in which his demeanor used to be canvassed by my j^arents after he had been to visit his boys. Keats is believed to have been born in the immediate neighborhood of these stables, the exact position of which cannot now positivel}' be determined, although old maps and directories have been consulted, and the memories of old in- habitants of that portion of London have been severely taxed. Cunningham, in his ' Hand-Book,' places the ' Swan and Hoop Stables at No. 28, on the Pavement in Moorfields over against the riding-school, now [1850] a public house with that name.' But since Mr. Cunningham wrote, the Pave- ment has been extended and renumbered, and the sign 'Swan and Hoop' is no longer to be seen. 'No. 28 on the Pavement' in 1850 was a few doors from London 178 JOHN KEATS. [1795-1821. Wall. The riding-school on the corner of the Pavement and West Street, which leads to Finsbtiry Circus, standing in 1885, may perhaps be that to wliich Mr. Cunningham refers. Keats was educated at Enfield, in the school of John Clarlvc, father of Charles Cowden Clarke, who describes it as still standing in 1878. It had already been converted into a railway-station ; but the managers of the company had protected the buildings, and left almost intact one of the few remaining specimens of graceful English architec- ture of other days. In 1885, however, nothing remained of the old school but a drawing of it, pi'eserved in the British Museum. Its bricks had been used in the construction of neighboring houses. The great Eastern Eailway station stood upon its site. Keats's mother died in 1810, while he was at this school ; and the touching story of his grief there, of his hiding him- self under his master's desk and refusing to be comforted, has been related by his biographers. He left Enfield soon after his fii'st great sorrow, and studied for some time with a surgeon in Edmonton, living in Church Street in a house it is not possible to identify now. It was near the ' Bay Cottage ' in which Charles Lamb thirty yeai's later lived and died. Charles Cowden Clarke follows Keats from one London home to another more completely than do any of his regular biogi'ai)hers. Keats came to town in 1815, to enter as a student at St. Thomas's Hospital, then in Southwark (see Akenside, p. 10) ; and he thus wrote to Clarke of his earliest London lodgings : — Although the Borougli is a Ijeastly place in dirt, turnings and windings, yet No. 8 Dean Street is not difficult to find ; and if you •would run the gauntlet over London Bridge, take the first turning JOHN KEATS. 1795-1821.] JOHN liEATS. 179 to the right, and moreover knock at my door, which is nearly opposite a meeting, you would do me a charity, which, as St. Paul says, is the lather of virtues. It is difficult enough to find No. 8 Deau Street now. The railway viaduct has swept it completely away, and left only a house or two in Deau Street, which runs from No. 199 Tooley Street, near Hay's Lane, uuder the railway archway, towards Thomas Street. In 1816 Mr. Clarke writes: — Keats had left the neighborhood of the Borough, and was now living with his brother in apartments over the second floor of a house in the Poultry, over the passage leading to the Queen's Head Tavern, and opposite to one of the City Companies' Halls, — the Ironmongers', I believe. The passage leading to the Queen's Arms Tavern, and called Bird in Hand Court, is under the archway num- bered, in 1885, 76 Cheapside, near the Poultry. It is al- most directly opposite Ironmonger Lane, where stands the Mercers' Hall, to which Mr. Clarke, confounding the name of the hall with the name of the street, probably alludes.^^ In this lodging Keats wrote the greater part of his first volume of * Poems,' published in 1817. He was shoi'tly after the guest, for a time, of Leigh Hunt (q. v.), in Kentish Town ; and letters of his to Fanny Brawne written in 1819 were dated from Great Smith Street, and 25 College Street, now Great College Street, Westminster. No. 25 was near the corner of the present Tufton Street. He also visited Hunt in the Vale of Health (see Hunt, p. 148), and took lodgings at Well Walk, Hampstead, ' in the first or second house on the right hand going up the Heath.' Here the greater part of ' Endymion ' was written. Winding south from the Lower Heath [Hampstead] there is a charming little grove in Well Walk, with a bench at the end 180 JOHN IvEATS. [1795-1821. whereon I last saw poor Keats, the poet of * The Pot of Basil,' William sitting and sobbing his dying breath into a handker- Northei-u ^^^^^: ghincing jKUting looks towards the quiet land- Heights scape he had delighted in so much, and musing as UaiMpsteaii. i" his ' Ode to the Nightingale.' His memory here is perpetuated by ' Keats Corner' and 'Keats Villa,' — two modern houses in Well Eoad, near its crossing with Well Walk. Leigh It was on the same day, sitting on the bench in Well Loid'^Byron Walk (the one against the wall), that he [Keats] told and his j^g^ with unaccustomed tears in his eves, that his poraiies. heart was breaking. O' Keats's Bench, so marked by a printed sign, stood at the end of Well Walk next the Heath in 1885;'" but the view of the quiet landscape has been spoiled by a villa opposite, built after Keats's death. The various accounts of the search for Keats's last Hamp- stead home are so interesting that they are given here at lenath : — 'Ci' Keats indeed took so great a liking to Hampstead, from his stay at Hunt's, that he became a resident here from 1817 till he left England in 1820. Here he wrote his ' Ode to a Hand-Book Nightingale,' ' St. Agnes,' ' Isabella,' ' Hyperion,' and Environs of hegan the ' Eudymion,' which he finished at Burford London: Bridge. The house in which he lodged for the greater Hampstead. n , . , ^^ t itr i i^i part of the time, then called VVentwortn Place, is now [1876] named Lawn Bank, and is the end house but one on the west side of John Street, next Wentworth House. His walks were m his later months limited to the Lower, or the Middle, Heath Road, the seat at the top of Well Walk being his goal or resting- place. From this time [1816] till 1820, when he left, in the last stage of consumption, for Italy, Keats resided principally at Hamp- stead. During most of this time he lived Avith his very dear friend Mr. Charles Brown, a Russian merchant, in Wentworth 1795-1821.] JOHN KEATS. 181 Place, Downshire Hill, by Pond Street, Hampstead. Previous to this he and his brother Thomas had occupied apartments at the next house to Mr. Brown's. ... By the aid of the William statements of Leigh Hunt and Lord Houghton, we JJ^^yj**''^ ° . . o 7 Northern may trace most of the scenes in which the very finest Heights of poetry of Keats was written, for the noblest of his The v.iie of productions were all written at Hampstead. ... It Health, is to be regretted that Wentwortb Place, where Keats lodged, and wrote some of his finest poetry, either no longer exists or no longer bears that name. At the bottom of John Street, on the left hand in descending the hill, is a villa called Wentworth House. ... I made the most vigorous search in that quarter, inquiring of the tradesmen daily supplying the houses there, and of two residents of forty and fifty years. None of them had any knowledge or recollection of Wentworth Place. H. Buxton Forman, in the Appendix to ' The Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne,' published in 1878, describes his thorough search for Wentworth Place, and this Hamp- stead home of Keats, and thus sums up the results : — The gardener of Wentworth House, of wdiom, among many others, I have inquired for Wentworth Place, assures me very positively that some fifteen or twenty years ago, when Lawn Bank (then called Lawn Cottage) was in bad repair, and the rain had washed nearly all the color off the front, he used to read the words 'Wentworth Place' painted in large letters beside the top window at the extreme left of the old part of the house, as one faces it. . . . Not perfectly satisfied with this local evidence, I forwarded to Mr. Severn a sketch-plan of the immediate neigh- borhood, that he might identif)'- the houses in which he visited Keats and Brown, and the Brawne family. He says that Went- worth House and Lawn Bank (and these two blocks only) con- stituted Wentworth Place, and that it was in Lawn Bank that Brown and Mrs. Brawne had their respective residences. ... It will doubtless be admitted as proved that in Wentworth House and Lawn Bank we have the immortalized Wentworth Place of the period to which the present volume relates ; and Mr. Howitt and Mr. Thorne both deserve our thanks for carrying the inquiry 182 ClIAHLES LAMB. [1775-1834. so nearly to a satisfactory conclusion as to land the investigator, one in one of the right houses and one in the other. It is true that Mr. Howitt transfers his house from one side of John Street to the other, and it must be noted that Mr. Thome errs in two points. Lawn Bank alone was certainly not Wentworth Place ; and Keats cannot be said to have lodged there, for he was certainly Brown's guest. Lawn Bank in 1885 was an irregular two-story house on the south side of John Street, Downshire Hill, nearly oppo- site St. John's Chapel, and next to Wentworth House. On the other side is a villa called ' Keats Cottage.' It seems in Keats's time to have been a semi-detached house, the Brawnes occupying the western, and Charles Brown, with whom Keats lived, the eastern and smaller half. It is hardly visible from the road, because of thick foliage and a high board fence. From this house Keats set out, in 1820, for Italy, never to return. CHARLES LAMB. 1775-1834. npHERE is, in Lamb's familiar letters and in many of his essays, so nnich that is autobiographical, and his friends have so often and so fondly described him and his sister in their home life, that no attempt will be made here to tell Lamb's story except as he has told it himself, or as it has been told by those who knew and loved him well. He first saw the light in Crown Office Row, in the Temple, in 1775. I was bom and passed the first seven j'ears of my life in the Temple. Its church, its halls, its gardens, its fountain, its river, 1775-1834.] CHARLES LAMB. 183 I had almost said — for in those young years what was this kin<' of rivers to me but a stream that watered our pleasant places 1 — these are of my oldest recollections. . . . What a tran- sition for a countryman visiting London for the first EUa: The time, the passing from the crowded Strand or Fleet ^s^f the**" Street, by unexpected avenues, into its ma"nificent i""'"'", , . , . ® Temple, ample squares, its classic green recesses ! What a cheerful liberal look hath that part of it which, from three sides, overlooks the greater garden ; that goodly pile of building strong, albeit of Paper height, confronting with mossy contrast the lighter, older, more fantastically shrouded one, named of Har- court, with the cheerful Crown Office Row (place of my kindly engendure), right opposite the stately stream, which washes the garden-foot with her yet scarcely trade-polluted waters, and seems but just weaned from her Twickenham Naiades ! A man would give something to have been born in such places. The eastern half of the block, comprising Nos. 1, 2, and 3 Crown Office Row, still stood in 1885 as when built in 1737. The western end, Nos. 4, 5, and G, becoming miin- habitable, was torn down and rebuilt in 1859-1861. According to Fitzgerald's Memoir, Lamb went to a school ovei'lookng ' a discolored, dingy garden in the passage lead- ing into Fetter Lane from Bartlett's Buildings. This was close to Holborn.' It was afterward called Bartlett's Pas- sage, but no trace of the school remains. In 1782 'Charles Lamb son of John Lamb, Scrivener, and of Elizabeth, his wife,' entered the school of Christ-Hospital (see Coleridge, p. 57, and Hunt, p. 144), where he remained until he was fifteen. Talfourd, in his ' Life of Lamb ' (chap, i.), says : — • Lamb was an amiable, gentle boy, very sensible and keenly <)!)serving, indulged by his schoolfellows and by his masters on account of his infirmity of speech. His countenance was mild, his complexion clear brown, with an expression which might lead you to think he was of Jewish descent. His eyes were not of the 184 CHARLES LAMB. [1775-1834. same color, — one was hazel, the other had speck^^ of gray in the iris, mingled as one sees red spots in the bloodstone. His step was plantigrade, which made his walk slow and peculiar, adding to the staid appearance of his iigure. I remember L at school, and can well recollect that he had some peculiar advantages, which I and others of his schoollellows had not. llis friends lived in town, and were near at Essays ol Elia : hand, and he had the privilege of going to see them iioypitai almost as often as he wished. . . . L 's governor (so tweMty*^' we called the patron who presented him to the founda- Yeai-s ago. j|qj^^ jj^.g^ jj^ ,^ manner under his paternal roof. Any complaint he had to make was sure of being attended to. This was understood at Christ's, and was an effectual screen to him against the severity of masters, or, worse, the tyranny of the monitors. Leigh Hunt, in his ' Autobiography ' (vol. i. chap, iv.), gives his recollections of Lamb when he came back to visit the old familiar school scenes, as he was so fond of doing : — I have spoken of the distinguished individuals Iti-ed at Christ- Hospital, including Coleridge and Lamb, who left the school not lonff before I entered it. Coleridge I never saw until he was old. Lamb I recollect coming to see the boys, with a pensive, brown, handsome, and kingly face, and a gait advancing with a motion from side to side, between involuntary consciousness and at- tempted ease. His brown complexion may have been owing to a visit in the country, his air of uneasiness to a great burden of sorrow. He dressed with a Quaker-like plainness. For a short time after quitting school (in November, 1789) Lamb was employed in the South Sea House with his brother John, who is described in ' My Relations ' as James Elia, and who was some twelve years his senior. Reader, in thy passage from the Bank, where thou hast been receiving thy half-yearly dividends (supposing thou Elia : The fii't a lean annuitant like myself), to the Flower Pot, to House ^"^^ secure a place for Dalston or Shacklewell, or some other thy suburban retreat northerh^ didst thou never observe a melancholy-looking handsome brick and stone edifice to 1775-1834.] CHARLES LAMB. 185 the left, where Threadneedle Street abuts upon Bishopsgate ? I dare say thou hast often admired its magnificent portals, ever gaping wide, and disclosing to view a grave coui't with cloisters and pillars, with few or no traces of goers-in or comers-out. . . . Such is the South Sea House ; at least, such it was forty years ago, when I knew it, — a magnificent relic. . . . Peace to the Manes of the Bubble. Silence and destitution are upon thy walls, proud house, for a memorial. Situated as thou art, in the very heart of striving and living commerce, amid the fret and fever of specula- tion, with the Bank, and the 'Change, and the India House about thee, in the heyday of present prosperity, with their important laces, as it were, insulting thee, their poor neighbor out of business, to the idle and merely contemplative — to such as me ; old house ! there is a charm in thy quiet — a cessation — a coolness from business, an indolence almost cloistral, which is delightful. The South Sea House was partly destroyed by fire in 1826. A modern South Sea House stands upon its site. It fronts on Threadneedle Street. Lamb entered the service of the East India Company, as an accountant, on the 5th of April, 1792. The situation of the East India House is thus described in Brayley's ' Lon- don and Middlesex,' vol. iii. : 'From Nos. 12 to 21 Leaden- hall Street, the East India House at the corner of No. 7 Leadenhall Market.' This building was taken down in 1862. Lamb left the India House in 1825. On the 6th of April he wrote to Wordsworth : — ' Here I am .then, after thirty-three years of slavery sitting in my own room at eleven o'clock this finest of April mornings, a freed man.' And to Barton he wrote later, ' Take in briefly, that for a few days I was painfully oppressed by jjfe of so mighty a change, but it is becoming daily more nat- ^^^l}\y_ ural to me. ... I would not serve another seven years for seven hundred thousand pounds. I have got £ 441 net foi life, sanctioned liy act of Parliament, with a provision for Mary if she survives me.' 18G ClIAKLES LAMB. [1775-1834. It is now six-aiid-tliirty years since I took my seat at the desk. Melancholy was the transition at fourteen from the abundant play-time, and the frequent intei'veniii" vacations of Essays "f , , , . Eliii : Tiie sc1k)oI days, to the eight, nine, and soniL'tiuies ten .■lui'iuaied hours a day at a counting-house. But time partially Man. reconciles us to anything. I gradually became con- tent, — doggedly contented, as wild animals in cages. To dissi- pate this awkward feeling, I have been fain to go among them once or twice since ; to visit my old desk-fellows, my co-brethren of the quill, that I had left below me in the state militant. Not all the kindness with which they received me could quite restore to me that pleasant familiarity which I had heretofore enjoyed among them. We cracked some of our old jokes, but methought they went off but faintly. My old desk, the peg where I hung my hat, were aj^propriated to another. I knew it must be, but I could not take it kindly. D 1 take me, if I did not feel some remorse — beast, if I had not — at quitting my old conqjeers, the faithful partners of my toil for six-and-thirty years, that smoothed for me, with tlieir jokes and conundrums, the rugged- nes^of my professional road. In 1795 and later, Lamb was lodging with his family at No. 7 Little Queen Street, Holborn ; and here was enacted that awful tragedy, on the 22d of September, 179G, which clouded and saddened the life of Charles as well as Mary Lamb. On the 27th of September Lamb wrote to Cole- ridge : — White, or some of my friends, or the public papers, by this time may have informed you of the terrible calamities that have fallen on our family. I will only give yon the outlines: My poor, dear, dearest sister, in a tit of insanity, has been the death of our own mother. I was at hand only time enougb to snatch the knife out of her grasp. She is at jjresent in a madhouse, from whence I fear she must be moved to a hospital. God has preserved me to my senses, — I eat and drink and sleep, and have my judgment, I believe, very sound. My poor father was slightly wounded, and I am left to take care of him and my aunt. CHARLES LAMB. 1775-1834.] CHARLES LAMB. 187 On the 3d of October of the same year he wrote again to Coleridge : — It will be a comfort to you, I know, to know that our pros- pects are somewhat brighter. My poor, dear, dearest sister, the unhappy and unconscious instrument of the Almighty's judgment on our house, is restored to her senses ; to a dreadful sense and recollection of what has past. . . . On that first evening my aunt was lying insensible, to all appearance like one dying — my father with his poor forehead plastered over, from a wound he had received from a daughter dearly loved by him, and wiio loved him no less dearly — my mother, a dead and murdered corpse in the next room — yet was I wonderfully supported. Holy Trinity Church, in Little Queen Street, facing Gate Street, was built upon the site of Lamb's house ; and behind it, in the playground of the church school, was, in 1885, a tree standing in what had undoubtedly been Lamb's back garden. Lamb, wldle living in Little Queen Street, frequented the Feathers, a public house in Hand Court, Holboj-n, the old sign of which was still, in 188.5, over the archway that leads into the Court (No. 58 Holborn) ; and the tavern itself, one of the most curious of the old-fashioned inns to be found in that part of London, was as Lamb left it. The windows probably had not been washed since Lamb's time. Another old inn with which he was familiar in those days was the Salutation and Cat, No. 17 Newgate Street, near Ivy Lane. Here Southey and Coleridge wei'e often to be found with him (see Coleridge, p. 60). In later years he wrote to Coleridge : — I imagine to myself the little smoky i-oom at the Salutation and Cat, where we have sat together through the winter nights be^uilinLf the cares of life with Poesv. After the tragedy the Lambs went to Pentonville, living at Xo. 45 Cha^iel Street. 188 CHARLES LAMB. [1775-1834. Also, in sifting the letters for facts and dates, I tind that Lamb liv(Hl in Chapel Street, Pentonville, not as Talfourd and Procter thought a few months, but three years, removing' Anne ° •/ ^ r> Gilchrist's thither almost immediately after the mother's death. PretLe?^"' ' It is a trifle, yet not without interest to the lovers of Lamb ; for these were the years in which he met in his daily walks, and loved l)ut never accosted, the beautiful Quakeress ' Hester,' whose memory is enshrined in the poem beginning, ' When maidens such as Hester die.' 'No. 45 Chapel Street in 188-5 was the Agricultural Hotel, on the northwest corner of Liverpool Road, and almost the only house in the miserable, dull, uninteresting street, that seems to have been rebuilt during the present century. At the time the Lambs lived there. Chapel Street was out of town, and surrounded by gardens and green fields. Lamb was back in his beloved Temple in 1800. I live at No. 16 Mitre Court Buildings, a pistol-shot off" Baron Maseres. . . . He lives on the ground floor for convenience of the gout ; I prefer the attic story for the air ! He keeps ilfe*oT ^ three footmen and two maids ; I have neither maid nor ^h'"?''vi laundress. . . . N. B. When you come to see me, mount up to the top of the stairs — I hope you are not asthmatical — and come in flannel, for it is pure airy up there. And bring your glass, and I will show you the Surrey Hills. My bed faces the river, so as by perking upon my haunches, and sup- porting my carcass with my elbows, without much wrying my neck, I can see the white sails glide by the bottom of King's Bench Walk, as I lie in my bed. The present Mitre Court Buildings bear date 1830. In 1809 Lamb writes to Manning : — While 1 think of it, let me tell you we are moved. Don't come any more to Mitre Court Buildings. We are at IfkoT^'^ 34 Southampton BniUliugs''' [in a house still standing Lamb, jj^ 1885], Chancery Lane [see Hazlitt, p. 133], and shall be here until about the end of May, when we 1775-1834.] CHARLES LAMB. 189 remove to No. 4 Inner Temple Lane, where I mean to live and die. . . . Our place of final destination — I don't mean the grave, but No. 4 Inner Temple Lane — looks out upon a gloomy churchyard- like court, called Hare Court, with three trees and a pump in it. Do you know it ? I was born near it, and used to drink at that pump when I was a Rechabite of six years old. In 1810, still writing to Manning, he describes these chambers : — I have two sitting-rooms : I call them so par excellence, for you may stand, or loll, or lean, or try any posture in them, but they are best for sitting ; not squatting down .Japanese fashion, but the more decorous mode which European usage has consecrated. I have two of these rooms on the third floor, and five sleeping, cooking, etc. rooms on the fourth floor. In my best room is a choice collection of the works of Hogarth, an English painter of some humor. In my next best are shelves containing a small but well-chosen library. My best room commands a court, in which there are trees and a pump, the water of which is excellent cold with brandy, and not very insipid without. The house has been replaced by the modern Johnson's Buildings, but the trees and the court and the pump are still there. The Lambs left the Temple in the autumn of 1817, and took lodgings, as he describes them in a letter to Haydon, dated in December of that year, ' at No. 20 Russell Court, Covent Garden East ; half-way up, next the corner, left-hand side," and, as he writes to another friend, ' in tlie corner hoiise delightfully situated between the two theatres.' Russell Court, running from Drury Lane to Brydges Street, does not answer this description ; while No. 20 Russell Street, next to the corner of Bow Street, is ' on the left-hand side,' and ' between the two theatres.' This was classic ground, the site of Will's Coffee House (see Addison, p. 7) ; and it seems strange that Lamb should not have known this fact, or, if he did, should not have mentioned it in any of 190 CHAKLES LA. MB. [1775-1834. his letters. Ju November of 1817 Lamb wrote to Miss Wordsworth : — Here avc are, transplanted I'mni uur native soil. I thought we never could have been torn up from the Temple. Indeed, it was an ugly wrench, but like a tooth, now 't is out, and I Ufe'o*/ ** ^^^ ^^^y ' ^^'^ never can strike ruot so deep in any Lamb, other {!;round. . . . We are in the individual spot we chap. X. ° ^ like best, in all this great city. The theatres with all their noises ; Covent Garden, dearer to me than any gardens of Alci- noiis, where we are morally sure of the earliest peas and '.>^par- agus ; Bow Street, where the thieves are examined, within a few yards of us : Mary had not been here fuur-and-twenty hours before she saw a thief She sits at the window working, and, casually throwing out her eyes, she sees a concourse of people coming this way, with a constable to conduct the st)lemnity. These little incidents agi'eeably diversify a female life. Lamb, for the first time, lived in an entire house of his own in 182-3, of which he wrote to Bernard Barton ou the 2d of September : — When you come Londonward you will find me no longer in Covent Garden ; I have a cottage in Colebrook [properly Coin- brook] Row, Islington ; a cottage, for it is detached ; a Life of white house with six good rooms ; the New River ciuip. 'xiii. (rather elderly by this time) runs (if a moderate walking-pace can be so termed) close to the foot of the house ; and behind is a spacious garden witli vines (I assure you), pears, strawberries, parsnips, leek, carrots, cabbages, to delight the heart of old Alcinoiis. You enter, without i)assagc, into a cheerful dining-room, all studded over and rough, with old books ; and above is a lightsome drawing-room, three windows full of choice prints. I feel like a great lord, never having had a house before. ' I am in Colebrook Cottage, Colebrook Eow, Islington,' lie wrote to Southe}', ' close to the New River end of Colebrook Terrace, left hand from Sadlers Wells.' 1775-1834.] CHARLES LAMB. 191 This little three-storied house, numbered 19, was still standing in 1885. The sitting-room window had been altered, but nothing else. It is named Elia Cottage, and in its gardens a factory has been built. The New River still glides slowly by its door, but no longer is in sight, and no half-blind George Dyer could walk into it to-da}'. En- closed within brick walls, and covered by a strip of green grass, it appears at intervals on its way to town, but not in this portion of Colebrook Row. During the later years of Lamb's life, when he had occa- sion to spend a night in town, he lodged with Mrs. Buffam, at Xo. 24 Southampton Buildings, Cliancery Lane, in a very curious stuccoed house, with a sloping tiled roof, unlike any other house in that vicinity. It stood unchanged in 1885. Hazlitt was his neighbor here. In 1829 the Lambs removed to Enfield, to 'an odd-looking ffambogish-colored house at the Chase side.' The situation was far from picturesque; for the opposite side of the road only presented some middling tenements, Taifourd's two dissenting chapels, and a public house decorated f'*^^,°^ with a swinging sign of a Rising Sun. chap. xvii. In 1885 the odd-looking gambogish house on the Chase side had been completely transformed and enlarged. It stood on the east side of the road, and was ' The Manse ' (so marked on its gate-posts) of Christ's Church opposite, which was built upon the site of one of the two dissenting chapels. The middling tenements were called Gloucester Place, and bore date 1823. They still foced the strip of green that separated them from the Lambs' cottage. Sar- geant Talfourd has confounded the Rising Sun public house, which is some distance Londonwards, with the Crown and Horse-Shoes in Lamb's more immediate neighborhood. Both houses have swinging signs ; and in both, probably, 18 192 CHARLES LAMB. [1775-1834. Lamb passed many a pleasant hour. After leaving here, the Lambs lodged for a time at an ivy-covered house adjoining the Manse on the north. While Lamb is not personally remembered at Enfield, old inhabitants, in 1885, who knew his landlady, a Mrs. Westwood, still repeated the stories she told of her odd lodgers ; and from some of them was derived the information which led to this identification of the houses. In 1832 the Lambs took possession of a little cottage at Edmonton, where, on the 27th of December, 1834, Charles died. This house — Bay Cottage, but since called Lamb's Cottage — still stood, in 1885, next door to Lion House, on the north side of Church Street, Edmonton, about half-way between the church and the railway station, — a small and unpretending dwelling, lying back from the street, and but a few doors from the Jolly Farmer, an old tavern with which Charles was no doubt familiar. The Bell Tavern, at the other end of the hamlet, in Fore Street, corner of Gilpin Grove, no longer exists. On its site is a modern brick building called Gilpin's Bell, because of its association with John Gilpin's famous ride. To this corner Lamb, according to tradition, was wont to escort his friends on their way back to London. While the original Bell has disappeared, the old Horse and Groom and the Golden Fleece, almost adjoining it, still remain in all their ancient picturesque state ; and it is hardly possible that Lamb and his companions in- variably passed their doors without entering them, although no record is preserved of his frequenting any but the Bell. He was on his way to this tavern when he fell and received the slight injury to his face which hastened his death. Lamb was buried in the quiet little churchyard at Ed- monton. A tall flat stone, with an inscription by Gary, the translator of Dante, which is neither happy nor quite coherent, marks the spot, which is just Iteyond the path 1775-1834.] CHARLES LAMB. 193 on the southwest of the church. Mary Lamb, who survived her brother a number of years, died in Alpha Eoad, St. John's Wood, and was buried in his grave on the 28th of May, 1847. . Talfourd, in writing to Henry Crabb Robinson, December 31, 1834, says : — I dou1)t whether Mary Lamb will ever be quite Diary of '' ^ Henry herself again, so as to i'eel her loss with her natural Crabb sensibility. She went with Ryle yesterday to the vol.'ii.'' ' churchyard, and pointed out a place where her brother '■^^^^^- ^'• had expressed a wish to be buried ; and the wish will be fulfilled. Eobinsou was one of the few friends of the Lambs who remembered Mary after the death of Charles. There are in his Diary accounts of repeated visits to her in her loneliness ; and when her time came he saw her laid by her brother's side. May 29, 1847. — Yesterday was a painfully interesting day. I attended the funeral of Mary Lamb. At nine a coach fetched me. We drove to her dwelling at St. John's Wood, I • 1 1 1 1 i Diary of irom whence two coaches accompanied tne body to Hemy Edmonton across a pretty country, but the heat of the Ro\,i,ison day rendered the drive i)i)pressive. We took refresh- ^oi- "• . '' ^ ^ . chap XXI. ment at the house where dear Charles Lamb died, and were then driven towards our homes. . . . There was no sad- ness assumed by the atteiidants, but we all talked together with warm affection of dear Mary Lamb, and that most delightful of creatirres, her brother Charles ; of all the men of genius I ever knew, the one the most intensely and universally to be loved. 194 WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR. [1775-1864 LETITIA E. LANDON. 1802-1838. ' T E. L.' was boru at No. 25 Hans Place, Sloane Street, -*— '• in a house destroyed some years ago; and received her early education at No. 22 Hans Place, a few doors beyond, in a house only taken down in the winter of 1884 (see Miss Mitford). In 1809 the family removed to Trevor Park, East Barnct, where the happy days of her childhood were spent. In 1815 the Landous were living in Lewis Place, Hammersmith Itoad, Fulham, and tlie next year at Brompton. Miss Landon was frequently an inmate of her grandmother's house in Sloane Street during her youth. In 1836 she went into lodgings at No. 28 Upper Berkeley Street, corner of Seymour Place, Connaught Square ; and here she remained until her marriage in 1838 at St. Mary's Chui'ch, Wyndham Place, Bryanston Squai'e, whore Sir Edward Bulwer Lyttou gave the bride away. She died in Africa in the same year. WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR. 1775-1864. T ANDOR was in no respect a Londoner. He made "^^ frequent visits to town, but was never here for any length of time. One of the earliest signs of his appearance in London is a letter of his, dated \[m\ 12, 1795, from i-i^/^g^^ WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR. 1650-1692.] NATHANIEL LEE. 195 No. 38 Beaumont Street, Marylebone, on the west side, and written shortly after his rustication from Oxford. In 1801 his address was at ' E. Brown's, Esq., No. 10 Boswell Court, Carey Street.' Boswell Court ran from Carey Street to the back of St. Clement's Church. It disappeared on the con- struction of the New Law Courts. Landor went to Italy in 1815, and London saw but little of him after that, except ou his annual visits, during the later years of his life, to Gore House ' when the lilacs were in bloom.' Gore House, the residence of Lady Blessington, and so famous in its day, has disappeared. It stood very near, if not exactly on, the site of the Royal Albert Hall, Kensington Gore. NATHANIEL LEE. Circa 1650-1692. IVJAT LEE was at Westminster School (see Churchill, ^ p. .51) until 1GG8, when he entered Trinity College, Cambridge. He made his first appearance as an actor in 1672, as Duncan in 'Macbeth,' at the Duke's Theatre, Lin- coln's Inn Fields (see Davenant, p. 74) ; but although, as Cibber says, he was so pathetic a reader of the scenes he had written himself that he moved- old actors to tears, he failed ignominiously as a player, and quitted the stage in despair. In 1684 he was 'sent to Bedlam,' where he was confined for four years. Bedlam, which is a cockney con- traction for Bethlehem Hospital, stood, according to Stow, ' in Bishop's Gate Wai-d without the City wall, between Bish- opsgate Street and Moorfields . . . against London Wall on the south side of the Lower Quarters of Moorfields.' Its 196 NATHANIEL LEE. [1650-1692. exact site was on the north side of London Wall, extending from the present Finsbury Pavement to the present Jjloom- field Street, and it Lacked on the present Finsbury Circus. It remained until the beginning of the nineteenth century, when it was removed to Lambeth. Drj'den wrote as follows to Dennis : — I remember poor Nat Lee, who was then upon the very verge of J. j^^^^ .. madness, yet made a sober and a witty answer to a bad Diycien, poet who told him it was an easie thing to write like a madman. 'No,' said he, 'it is very difficult to write like a madman, but it is a A^ery easie matter to write like a fool.' Lee died in lG92j and his death, and the cause of it, is thus described in the manuscript notes of William Oldys, the antiquary quoted by Baker in his ' Biographia Dramatica : ' — Returning one night from the Bear and Harrow in Butcher Row, through Clare Market to his lodgings in Duke Street [Lincoln's Inn Fields], overladen with wine, Lee fell down on the ground as some say, according to others on a bulk, and was killed or stifled in the snow. He was buried in the parish church of St. Clement Danes ; aged about thirty-five years. As he is known to have entered college in 1668, he must have been older than thirty-five when he died twenty-four years later. No trace of his grave remains in St. Clement Danes ; and Butcher Row, afterwards called Pickett Street, in which stood the Bear and Harrow, was wiped out of existence some years ago, and the New Law Courts stand on its site. It was a very narrow street, running from Ship Yard to Holywell Street, by the side of St. Clement's Church. 16^2-1704.] JOHN LOCKE. 197 JOHN LOCKE. 1632-1704. T OCKE was sent in 164G to Westminster School (see -■-^ Churchill, p. 51), where he was a pupil, with Dry- den, under Dr. Busby, and where he remained five or six years. He spent much time in Oxford and on the Conti- nent ; but in 1667 he took up his residence in London in the family of Lord Shaftesbury, then Lord Ashley, who lived in Essex House, formerly Exeter House, on the Strand. Its site is now marked by Essex Street ; and the gate with the staircase to the water, at the end of the street, is the only portion of the old building that remains. In 1683 Locke requested that letters for him be ' left with Mr. Percivall at the Black Boy in Lombard Street, or with Mi\ S. Cox at the Iron Key in Thames Street.' Both of these signs had disappeared before houses in Lon- don were numbered, and it is not possible to identify their site. Locke wrote portions of his ' Essay on the Human Un- derstanding ' at Shaftesbury's country house at Chelsea, on the site of which the Workhouse belonging to St. George's, Hanover Square, was built. In the gardens of this institu- tion, on the south side of Fulham Road, near the upper boundary of Chelsea Parish, an old yew-tree, said to have been a favorite of Locke's, stood until 1883, when it was taken down. The dedication to the Essay was dated from Dorset Court, on the east side of Cannon Row, or Channel Row, Westminster, which has since disappeared, although Cunningham in his ' Hand-Book' believes the Dorset Court to have been that in Fleet Street ; and it was first ' printed 198 UlCHAHl) J.OVKLACE. [1618-1658. by Eliz. Holt for Thomas Basset, at the George in Fleet Street, near St. Dunstan's Church,' in IGOO. He received thirty pounds for the copyright. Dorset Court, Fleet Street, was once the name of the present Salisbury Square. A letter of Locke's was dated in 1G94 ' Over against the Plow in Lincoln's Inn Fields.' A Plough Tavern stood in Plough Court, Carey Street, opposite Serle Street, until the New Law Buildings wiped it out, with many other old passages and courts, and was the only tavern of that name in the immediate neighborhood of Lincoln's Inn Fields in Locke's time. Locke died in retirement, ten years later, in Otis Manor House, — no longer standing, — at High Laver, Essex, and was buried in a vault near the south porch of High Laver Church, where there are an altar tomb and a tablet to his memory. EICHARD LOVELACE. 1618-1658. T OVELACE, who was, according to Wood, ' the most ^^ amiable and beautiful person that eye ever beheld,' and who in his prime was 'much admired and adored by the female sex,' received the rudiments of his education at the (Charter House (see Addison, p. 1), and left it for Oxford in 1634. He saw but little of London until his later years. In 1648 he was confined in the Gate House at West- minster (see Burke, p. 27), wdiere he wrote the poem 'To Althea from Prison,' containing the well-known lines upon which much of his fame now rests, — 'Stone walls do not a prison make, Nor iron bars a caM.' RICHARD LOVELACE. 1797-1868.] SAMUEL LOVEK. 199 After his release he dragged out a miserable existence in London, and died in 1658. Having consumed idl his estate, he grew very melancholy (which at length brought him into a consumption), became very poor in body and purse, wiis the object of wood's" charity, went in ragged cloaths (whereas when he was ^^^f,l^j^ses. in his glory he wore cloth of gold and silver), and mostly lodged in obscure and dirty places more befitting the worst of beggars and poorest of servants. He is believed to have died in Gunpowder Alley, near Shoe Lane, which has been entirely rebuilt. Aubrey says that Lovelace's death took place in a cellar in Long Acre, and adds : ' Mr. Edm. Wylde, etc., had made a collection for him and given him money.' Hunt's But Aubrey's authority is not valued against Wood's. T'le Town, He IS to be read like a proper gossip, whose accounts we may pretty safely reject or believe as it suits other testimony. Lovelace was buried in St. Bride's Church, Fleet Street, ' at the west end of the church ; ' but the building was de- stroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. The present St. Bride's was built by Wren, and contains no memorial to the poet. SAMUEL LOVER. 1797-1868. T OVER came first to London in 1834, when he lived in -^ the neighborhood of Regent's Park, and later in Charles Street, Berners Street, which was then that part of the street afterwards called Mortimer Street, which fronts the Middlesex Hospital. 200 THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY. [1800-1859. After his long American tour (1846-1848) and return to England, he settled in the more remote suburbs of Ealing, Barnes, and Sevcnoaks ; but he died in St. Heliers. and was buried in Keusal Green. He was a member of the (Jarrick Club (see Tiiackkray). THOMAS BABIXGTON MACAULAY. 1800-1859. ]y /TACAULAY was carried to London in his infancy, and spent two years with his parents in Birchin Lane, Cornhill, where still remained in 1885 a few old houses, no doubt standing there in the beginning of the century, and as familiar to the future historian as to the merchants and merchants' clerks who occupy them and pass by them at the present day. Tn one of these — which one is not now known — Macaulay's infancy was spent. He was car- ried daily along Cornhill and Threadneedle Street to get the air and sunshine in the Drapers' Garden, which, greatly reduced in size, lies at the back of Drapers' Hall, and is approached by Throgmorton Avenue, a pi-ivate passage from Throgmorton Sti-eet to London Wall. Tn 1885 it was a bright oasis in the desert of brick and mortar ; and as long as Macaulay lived, it was one of his favorite haunts (see Grotb, p. 130). When Macaiday was a lad his father moved to Clapham, High Street, and took a house which was described ' as roomy and comfortable, with a very small garden behind, and in front a very small one indeed.' Here his happy childhood was spent. This house, No. 5, The Pavement, High Street, Clapham, was still standing in 1885, It faced the Common, and was the seventh house towards SAMUEL LOVER. 1800-1859.] THOMAS BABINGTON MAC AULA Y. 201 the Common from the Plough lun (No. 156 High Street). The very small garden indeed, about twenty feet square, had been built upon, and contained a one-storied shop, occupied by a fishmonger. The larger garden in the rear and the unpretending house itself remained unchanged. February 9. — I was talking to Stephen yesterday about Brougham and Macaulay. He said he had known „, „ ^ , . 11, The Greville , Brou2;hani above thirty veais, and well remembers Memoirs, . ' " . . 1836 walking with him down to Clapham, to dine with old Zachary Macaulay, and telling him he would find a prodig)" of a boy there^ of whom he must take notice. This was Tom Macaulay. Macaulay went to school at Clapham for a time; but when, in 1818, the family left Clapham for London, he lived with his father in Cadogan Place, Sloane Street, and later, in 1823, in Great Ormond Street. It was a large, rambling house at the comer of Lewis Place [and Great Ormond Street], and was said to have been ^^^^^^^ ,^ the residence of Lord Chancellor Thurlow, at the time Life and when the great seal was stolen from his custody. It If^^^^^J^^; ^ now [1876] forms the east wing of a homoeopathic hospital. Here he wrote the Essay on Milton, etc. It was still a hospital in 1885. In August, 1857, he [Macaulay] writes : ' I sent the carriage home, and walked to the Museum; passing through Great Ormond Street, I saw a bill on No. 50. I knocked, ^^^^.^^^ was let in, and went over the house with a strange History of ' mixture of feelings. It is more than twenty-six years n°chap- x" ' XX. since I was in it. The dining-room and the adjoining room in which I once slept are scarcely changed; the same coloring on the wall, but more dingy. My father's study much the same ; the drawing-rooms too, except the papering ; my bedroom just what it was. My mother's belilroom — I had never been in it since her death. I went away sad.' 19 202 THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY. [1800-1859. Between 1829 and 1834 Macaulay occnpied chambers at No. 8 South Square, Gray's Inn, m a building that has since been torn down to make way for the extension of the Library. Macaulay went to India in 1834, but returned to England in 1838, when he lodged for a time at No. 3 Charges Street, Piccadilly, in a house still standing in 1885, and where he wrote, among other things, the paper on Clive. lie was for a time in Great George Street, Westminster, and in 1840 — quartered himself in a commodious set of rooms on the second floor in the Albany [see Byron, p. 32]. . . . His chambers, every corner of which was a library, were comfortably, Letters, vol. though not very brightly, furnished. The ornaments u. c ap. IX. .^gj.g JQ^^ ijy^; choice. In one of his letters he describes his surroundings as follows : — I have taken a comfortable suite of chambers in the Albany, and I hope to lead during some years a sort of life Life and ^ . Letter.s, vol. peculiar to my taste, — college life at the West End of 11. e lap. I . j^(jj-,jj^j-j J have an entrance hall, two sitting-rooms, a bedroom, a kitchen, cellars, and two rooms for servants, all for ninety guineas a year. His chambers in the Albany were numbered E. 1. Here he wrote the Essays on Bacon, Hastings, and Addison, the ' History of England,' and published the ' Lays,' some of which had been written before. In 1856 he left the Albany for Kensington, and hired the house in which the rest of his life was spent. Holly Lodge, now [1876] called Airlie Lodge, occupies the most secluded corner of the little labyrinth of by-roads, which, bounded to the east by Palace Gardens and to the Life and , i^ n i tt Letters, vol. west by nolland House, constitutes the district known iLciap. XIV. ^g Campden Hill. The villa — for a villa it is — y': LOUD JIACAULAY. 1800-1859.] THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY. 203 stands in a long and winding lane, which, with its high back pal- ing, concealing from the passer-by everything except tbe mass of dense and varied foliage, presents au appearance as rural as Streathani presented twenty years ago. The only entrance for carriages was at the end of the lane farthest from Holly Lodge ; and Macaulay had no one living beyond him except the Duke of Argyll. During his residence in Kensington Macaulay was a regu- lar attendant at the old Churcli of St. Alary there (see the elder Colman, p. 62). He died at Holly Lodge on the 28th of December, 1859. His attending physician, Dr. Thomas Joyce, of No. 2 Pem- bridge Villas, Bayswater, iu a private note dated September 27, 1883, says : — I have much pleasure in giving you any information in my power respecting Lord Macaulay. He died in his library at Holly Lodge. For some time before he had been in ill health from weak heart. His servant, who had left him feeling rather better, found on his return his master fainting in his chair. I was quickly sent for, got him removed to his couch, where he expired in a few moments. None of his family were with him. His sister, Mrs. Trevelyan, arrived soon after his death, accompa- nied by her son, then a very young man, but now. I believe, the Irish Secretary. At the time of his seizure Lord Macaulay was reading a number of the ' Cornhill Magazine,' then a new publica- tion ; and, as far as my memory serves me, he was reading Thackeray's ' Adventures of Philip.' Holly Lodge is still standing [1883], and is, I believe, unaltered. i* You will find it on the top of Campden Hill, next the Duke of Argyll's [Argyll Lodge]. He was buried, January 9, 1860, in the Abbey. We return to the western aisle of the south transept. There lies the brilliant poet and historian, who per- j)g,,„ haps of all who have trod the floor of the Abbey, or ^^^''"''*^y'^ . _ ^ _ ... . Westminster lie buried within its precincts, most deeply knew Abbey, and felt its manifold interests, and most unceasingly 204 CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE. [1563-1593. commemorated them. Lord Macaulay rests at the foot of the statue of Addison, whose character and genius none has painted as he. Macauhxy was a member of the AtheiutHim Club, No. 107 Pall Mall, and of the Literary Club, founded by Johnson (see Goldsmith, p. 123, and Johnson, p. 1G7), to which he was elected in 1839. It met then in the Thatched House Tavern, No. 74 St. James's Street, on the site of the Con- servative Club. Macaulay was devoted to The Club, and rarely absent from it. If redundant at times in speech and argument, this HollaniVs could hardly be deemed a usurpation, seeing how they tions'!)Ta were employed. ... I well remember the blank that Past Life, ^^.^3 ^^i^ 1 ^jg ^11 at the first meeting of The Club ciiap. vui. *^ after his death. CHEISTOPHEPv MAELOWE. 1563-1593. THERE are no records of Marlowe's life in London except that he was a player at the Curtain Theatre in Holy- well Lane, Shoreditch (see Joxson, p. 172), and that he was killed in a disreputable brawl. The story of Marlowe's death has been differently related, but it seems now that he was killed by his rival in love. Come!-'.s Marlowe found his rival with the lady to whom he DrSif was attached, and rushed upon him ; but his antago- Poetry, ^^^gj;^ being the stronger, thrust the point of Marlowe's Marlowe. own dagger into his head. The event probably oc- curred at Deptford, where, according to the register of St. Nicho- las Church, Marlowe was buried in June, 1593. And it is also recorded that he was ' slaine by Francis Archer.' 1792-1848.J FREDERICK MARRYAT. 205 The present St. Nicholas Church was erected on the site of the old one, taken down in 1697. It stands on Deptford Green, west of the Dockyard, and contains no monument or tablet to Marlowe. We read of one Marlowe a Cambridge SchoUer, who was a poet and a filthy play-maker ; this wretch accounted that meeke servant of God, Moses, to be but a conjuror, and our _ ^, ' ' . The Thun- Sweet Saviour to be but a seducer and deceiver of the derboit of people. But barken, ye brain-sicke and prophane Against poets and players, that bewitch idle eares with foolish Jfya^gj} ^ud vanities, what fell upon this prophane wretch ; having stiff-necked . , , . , . Sinners. a quarrell against one whom he met m the street m London, London, and would have stab'd him ; but the partie ' perceiving his villany prevented him with catching his hand, and turning his own dagger into his braines ; and so blaspheming and cursing he yeelded up his stinking breath. Marke this, ye players that live by making fools laugh at sinne and wickedness. FREDEPJCK MARRYAT. 1792-1848. 1\ /f ARRYAT was born in Westminster, and educated at a private school * in the red brick house at the upper end of Baker Street, Enfield' (Ford's Enfield). From this school, after repeated truant exploits, he was taken in 1806, and sent to sea ; and he did not settle finally on shore until 1830. In 1832 his address was No. 38 St. James's Place, St. James's Street, which half a century later remained un- changed ; and in 1837, and again in 1839, he lodged at No. 8 Duke Street, St. James's, in a house which was still a lodging-house in 1885. There he wrote and published ' Percival Keene.' 206 FREDERICK MARRYAT. 11792-1848. lu 1841 and in after years while on his periodical visits to London during the season, his letters were addressed to No. 120 Pall Mall, between Trafalgar Square and Waterloo Place, subsequently the site of the French Gallery, lu 1842, however, he had a house — unaltered in 1885 — at No. 3 Spanish Place, Manchester Square, and here he wrote ' Masteriuan Ready.' Among Marryat's suburban homes was Sussex House, Hammersmith, which still stood in 1885 opposite Branden- burg House, a little back from the river on the Fulham Road, and facing Alma Terrace. Marryat was also a fre- quent inmate of the house of his mother, at Wimbledon Common. On the borders of the Common [Wimbledon Common] are several good houses. The most remarkable is Wim- Uand-Book bledon House. ... In 1815 it was purchased by Environs of Joseph Marryat, Esq., M. P. (father of the novelist), London: and after his death, in 1824, was for several years Wimbledon. r i ^^ \ ^ the residence of his widow, who made the grounds famous for rare plants and flowers. Wimbledon House, at the southern extremity of Wim- bledon Park, was left intact in 1885, but shut out from the town and the Common by high walls. The apartment he [Marryat] occupied whilst on his visits to Wimbledon House, and in which he wrote, was one upon the second story overlooking the Park ; and in this room. Letters of at a table covered with an African lion's skm, and Maro'at. on a little old black leather blotting-book, worn with ^J*'- "•-.. use and replete to bursting Avith ruled foolscap, several of his books were composed. His handwriting was so minute that, the compositor having given up the task of deci- phering it in despair, the copyist had to stick a pin in at the place where he left off to insure his finding it again when he resumed his task. 1620-1678.] ANDREW MARVELL. 207 Marryat is also said to have lived in a white cottage called Gothic House, at the foot of the hill south of Wim- bledon Common, and on the road to Kingston. It was standing in 1885. Marryat died, and was buried, at Langham in Norfolk, where the later years of his life were spent. His club was the United Service, Nos. 11 G and 117 Pall MaU. ANDREW MAEVELL. 1620-1678. IV yTARVELL does not seem to have known much of ^^■^ London until 1657, when he was appointed Latin Secretary, under Milton, to Oliver Cromwell, and had lodg- ings in Scotland Yard, Whitehall ; and the accounts pre- served to us, of his life in London, then and latei", are very vague. While he was sitting in the House of Commons as member for Hull, he occupied poor apartments on the second floor of a house in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden. Here he refused, with scorn, the bribes of Charles, while he had not a guinea in. his pocket to pay for his daily bi-ead. Marvell's Maiden Lane house has been taken down. It was next to the Bedford Head, on the site of which a modern Bedford Tavern (No. 41 Maiden Lane) has been built. For a number of years he occupied a small and unpretentious cot- tage on Highgate Hill, north of the then Lauderdale House, later the Convalescent House of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and opposite Cromwell House. This cottage, in its old- fashioned garden, was in existence until 1869. Part of its front garden-wall still remained in 1885, with the stone 208 ANDREW MAKVELL. [1620-1678, Steps leading from the street, upon which tradition says the poet was fond of sitting to watch the passer-by, perhaps to moraHzc upon the actions of Nell Gwynne, his uncongenial neighbor of Lauderdale House. Marvell died at Kingston-upon-Hidl, and was buried in the vault of the old Church of St. Giles-in-the-Field. The present church is of the eighteenth century. Edward Thompson, the editor of Mar veil's Works, gives the following account of his resting-place : — In tlie year 1774 I visited the grand mausoleum under the Church of St. Giles, for the coffin in which Mr. Marvell was placed. lu this vault were deposited upwards of a thousand bodies, but I could find no plate of an earlier date than 1772. I do therefore suppose that the new church is built upon the former burial-place. The epitaph placed on the north side of the church by his grand-nephew, Mr. Robert Nettleton, is supposed to be over his remains, and near to the monument of Sir Roger L'Estrange. This epitaph upon a black marble mural tablet is on the north aisle of the church, opposite pews 13 and 14. The gilt lettering was almost obliterated in 1885. Marvell was a frequenter of Haycock's Ordinary, which stood on the south side of the Strand, between Temple Bar and the present Palsgrave Restaurant (see Prior), and of the Rota, or Coffee Club, held 'at one Miller's' at the Turk's Head in New Palace Yard. No sign of the Turk's Head or of the New Palace Yard of Marvell's time now remains. PHILIP MASSINGER. 1584-1639.] PHILIP MASSINGER. 209 PHILIP MASSINGER 1584-1638. T ITTLE is known of the personal history of Massingcr, -^^ either in London or out of it, and liis early biogra- phei'S vary greatly in the dates they give of his birth and his death. The author of the ' British Theatre' says he was born in 1578, and died in 1659 ; but the dates attached hereto, taken from Anthony Wood, and the registry of the church in which he was buried, are probably correct. He was found dead in his bed ' in his own house, near the play-house on the bank side, Southwark ' (see Shakspere), and he was buried in the churchyard of St. Mary Overy, afterwards St. Saviour's, Southwark, at the end of London Bridge (see Fletcher, p. 107, and Gower, p. 126). His grave is now unknown ; and the parochial register simply records the interment of ' Philip Massinger, a Stranger.' His bodie being accompanied by comedians, was buried in the middle of the church yard there, com- Athena^ inonly called the Bull Heade Church yard — for there vol. i.'^coi. ' are in all four church yards belonging to that church ^^^■ — on the 18th of March. A stone in the floor of the choir of the old church has had, within a few years, engraven upon it his name and the date of his death, although it is an established fact that he does not lie beneath it. 210 JOIIN JMILTON. [1608-1674. JOHN MILTON. 1608-1674. A LTHOUGH the * Prince of Poets ' was born and died in ■^ ^ London, received part of his education.in London, was married frequently in London, and lived in many houses in the metropolis, there is left to-day hardly a trace of any- thing that he has touched, or that is in any way associated with him. Even his grave was desecrated, and the precise spot in which his bones lie cannot now be discovered. He was born in Bread Street, Cheapside, at the sign of the Spread Eagle (his family crest), on the 9th of Decem- ber, 1G08, and was baptized in the neighboring Church of All Hallows. Both the house and the church were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. Black Spread Eagle Court was in 1885 covered by modern buildings ; Nos. 58 to 63 Bread Street being occupied by one firm, who have on the top floor a bust of Milton, with an inscription stating that it stands on the site of the house of his birth. All Hallows Church, on the corner of Bread and AVatling Streets, was rebuilt by Wren after the Fire, but was taken down in 1878, and a large warehouse erected on its grounds. On this is placed a tablet containing a bust of Milton, and an inscription explaining its connection with the bard. The tablet with the lines of Dryden so often quoted, ' Three poets in three distant ages born,' etc., that adorned this church, has now been placed on the outside west wall of Bow • Church, hard l)y. Milton's christening is recoi'ded in the register of All Hallows, still extant: 'The XXth daye of December, 1608, was baptized John, the sonne of John Milton, Scrivenei'.' 1608-1674.] JOHN MILTON. - 211 The young Milton was sent to Paul's School at an early age. When he [Milton] went to schools, when he was very young he studied very hard, and sate up very late, conunonly till twelve or one o'clock at nif^ht. and his father Aubrey's ° Lives of ordered the mayde to sitt up for him, and in those Eminent Persons ' yeares (10) composed many copies of verses which Milton. ' might well become a riper age. Paul's School was destroyed in the Great Fire also. It was rebuilt soon after on the same site, on the east side of St. Paul's Churchyard, between Watling Street and Cheapside ; but it was removed in the summer of 1884 to Hammersmith Eoad, West Kensington. The building known to the present genei'ation as Paul's School, in St. Paul's Churchyard, was not erected until 1823. Saw all the towne burned, and a miserable sight of Pepys's ° Diary, vol. Paul's Church, with all the roofs fallen, and the body ii., Sept. 7, of the quire fallen into St. Fayth's ; Paul's school also. London saw but little of Milton fi'om his sixteenth year, when he was sent to Cambridge, until 1639; when, after a Continental tour, he lodged in the house of one Russell, a tailor in St. Bride's Churchyard. The house, as I learned from an old and most respectable inhabitant of St. Bride's Parish, was on the left hand as you proceed towards Fleet Street through the avenue. It ,, ^, 1 -, , Hewitt's was a very small tenement, very old, and was burned Homes and down on the 24th of November, 1824, at which time British^ ° it was occupied by a hair-dresser. It was — in proof M^iton^"'' '' of its age — without party walls and much decayed. The back part of the ' Punch ' office now occupies its site. These lodgings were too small, and he took a garden house in Aldersgate , Street, situated at the end of an entry, that he might avoid the noise and disturbance of the street. . . . This liou.se was large and commodious, atTording room for his library and furniture. Here he commenced his career of pure authorship. 212 JOHN MILTON. £1608-1674. Masson, in his interesting and vahiable sketch of Milton's life, prefixed to an edition of Milton's Poems published by Macmillan in 1874, says : — Aldei-sgate Street is very different now, and not a vestige of Milton's house remains ; it stood at the back of the part of the street on the right hand as you go from St. Martin's-le- Grand to where is now Maidenhead Court. It seems to have been while they were living in the St. Bride's Chnrchyard house, although the authorities diflfer, that Milton's first wife, Mary Powell, who was the mother of his daughters, and to whom he was married in 1643, left her husband, on a visit to her family, and refused to return. Mrs. Milton, however, met her lord again at the house of a friend, ' in the lane of St. Martin's-le-Gi"and,' besought his forgiveness on her knees, and was taken back to his home, if not to his heart. His first wife was brought up and lived where there was a great Aubrey's ^^^^ ^^ company and merriment, dancing, etc, and Lives of when she came to live with her husband at Mr. Rus- Emineiit , • i /-^ll i i i Persons : sell's in St. Bride's Churchyard, she found it very solitary; no company came to her, oftentimes heard his nephews beaten and cry ; this life was irksome to her, and so she went to her parents. About 1644 Milton removed to the Barbican, Aldersgate Street, where he still taught school, and gave refuge to his wife's relations, who were royalists, and who felt more kindly towards him when they found that his was the winning side. His father-in-law died in his house at Holborn in 1647. When it is considered that Milton cheerfully opened his doors to those who had treated him with indignity and breach of faith, Todd's Mil- — to a father who, according to the poet's nuncupative ton, 1647. .^j-Q^ never paid him the promised marriage portion of a thousand pounds ; and to a mother who, according to Wood, had encouraged the daughter in her perverseness, — we cannot but 1608-1674.] JOHN MILTON. 213 concede to Mr. Hayley's conclusions, that the records of private life contain not a more magnanimous example of forgiveness and beneficence. Milton's house, No. 17 Barbican, was not taken down until 1864. A modern warehouse occupies its site. The house to which Milton removed was in the street called Barbican, going from Aldersgate Street at right angles, and within a walk of two or three minutes from the former „ Masson s house. As you went from Aldersgate Street it was on Memoir of the right side of the Barbican. It existed entire until only the other day, when one of the new city lailways was cut through that neighborhood. Milton remained but a short time in the Barbican, for in 1646-47 he was to be found in a small house on Holborn, ' opening backwards into Lincoln's Inn Fields,' probably be- tween Great and Little Turnstiles. While Latin Secretary to Cromwell he was lodged in Scotland Yard, Whitehall, and also at ' one Thompson's, next door to the Bull Head Tavern at Charing Cross, opening into Spring Gardens ' (see Cibbeu, p. 52), a short and quiet street connecting Whitehall and the present Trafalgar Square with the east end of the Mall and St. James's Park. He soon after took a ' pretty garden bouse' in Petty France, Westminster. Here he lived for eight years, and here losing his first wife be took to him- self a second. William Howitt, in his ' Homes and Haunts of British Poets,' thtis describes the house in Petty France as he saw it in 1868:^ — It no longer opens into St. James's Park. The ancient front is now its back, and overlooks the fine old, but house-surrounded, garden of Jeremy Bentham. Near the top of l>his ancient front is a stone, bearing this inscription, * Sacred to Milton, the Prince of Poets.' This was placed there by no less distinguished a man than William Hazlitt, who rented the house for some years, purely because it was Milton's. Bentham, when he w.os conducting 214 JUliN MLLTUN. [1608-1674. people round his garden, used to make them sometimes go down on their knees to tliis liouse. The house is tall and narrow, and has nothing striking about it. No doubt, when it opened into St. James's Park, it was pleasant ; now it fronts into York Street, which runs in a direct line from the west end of Westminster Abbey. It is No. 19. Milton completely lost the use of his eyes in Petty France. This house, afterwards No. 19 York Street, Westminster, was taken down in 1877 (see Hazlitt, p. 132). Its gardens form part of the lawn of Queen Anne Mansions, where was still shown in 1885 an old tree said to have been planted by Milton himself. ' Tradition says that Milton, after the return of the Stuarts in 1660, took refuge in Bartholomew Close (Duke Street, Aldersgate), which is still full of old houses spared by the Great Fire. Near the yard of the Church of St. Barthol- omew the Great were a row of old buildings in 1885, ftxcing on Cloth Fair, from the back windows of which the poet was no doubt often seen going in and out of the Close. Milton, after the Eestoration, withdrew for a time to a friend's house in Bartholomew Close. By this precaution he probably Todd's escaped the particular prosecution which was at first Milton, directed against him. Mr. Warton was told bv Mr. section iv. _, „ i i • , lyers, irom good authority, that when Milton was under prosecution with Goodwin, his friends, to gain time, made a mock funeral for him, and that when matters were settled in his favor and the affair was known, the king laughed heartily at the trick. After Milton's pardon by Charles, he took a house in Holboru, 'near Red Lion Fields,' afterwards known as Red Lion Square ; and later he went to Jewin Street, Aldersgate, where in 1662 he married his third and last wife, who sur- vived him. Jewin Street has been entirely rebuilt. The last years of Milton's life were spent in a house in Artillery Walk, Bunhill Fields, where he composed and JOHN MILTON. 1608-1674.] JOHN MILTON. 215 dictated to his daughters his ' Paradise Lost,' * Paradise Piegained,' and 'Samsou Agonistes,' and where he died in 1674. Artillery Walk, Buuhill Fields, has entirely disappeared ; and the nearest approach to it, in name, is Artillery Place, Bunhill Row. Milton's house, — as has been ascertained with some trouble, was in that part of the present Bunhill Row, where there is now a clump of ,, '■ ' _ . ^ Masson s new houses to the left of the passenger, which turns Memoirs of northward from Chiswell Street towards St. Luke's Hospital and Peerless Pool. It was on the west side of Bunhill Row, not very far fx-ora Chiswell Street. An ancient clergyman of Dorsetshire, Dr. Wright, found John Milton in a small chamber hmig with rusty green, sitting in an elbow-chair, and dressed neatly in black ; pale but not „. , ' '' ' ^ . Rieliarilson's cadaverous ; his hands and lingers gouty and with Kxiiiiuiatoiy chalk-stones. He used also to sit in a gray, coarse svo, 1734, ' cloth coat, at the door of his house in Bunhill Fields, !'• '^• in warm sunny weather, to enjoy the fresh air ; and so, as well as in his room, received the visits of people of distinguished parts as well as quahty. Milton died of the gowte struck in, the 9th or 10th of Novem- ber, 1674, as appears by his apothecaryes booke. , ... He lies buried in St. Giles's, Cripplegate, upper Lives of end of the chancell, at the right hand. Mem. his persons: stone is now removed ; about two yeares since [1681] ' ''''"• the two steppes to the communion table were raysed. I ghesse Jo. Speed and he lie together. There was long credited a story to the effect that Mil- ton's body was disturbed and desecrated on the occasion of the raising of the chancel of St. Giles's Church towards the end of the eighteenth century, and that fragments of his skeleton were carried off by relic-hunters ; but Mr. C. M. 216 MARY RUSSELL MITFORD. [1787-1855. Ingleby, in his ' Sliakspere's Bones' (London, 1883), thus discredits the report : — On the 4th of August, 1790, according to a small vohime written by Philip Neve, Esi^. (of which two editions were pub- lished in the same yoai), Milton's cotiin was removed and his remains exhibited to the public on the 4tii and 5th uf that month. Mr. George Stevens, the great editor of Shakspere, who justly denounced the indignity intended, not offered, to the great Puritan poet's remains by Royalist Landsharks, satisfied himself that the corpse was that of a woman of fewer years than Milton. . . . Mr. Steevena's assurance gives us good reason for believing that Mr. Philip Neve's indignant protest is only good in general, and that Milton's hallowed reliques still rest undisturbed within their peaceful shrine. The removing of the stone in 1679, alluded to by Aubrey, renders uncertain the exact place of his burial ; and the inscription in the pavement of the middle aisle near the Lord Mayor's double pew, numbered 16 and 17, simply reads that he 'lies near this spot.' Au elaborate monument, containing his bust, was erected in the church, by public subscription, in 1862. MARY RUSSELL MITFORD. 1787-1855. ly TARY RUSSELL MITFORD'S earliest experiences of -'■*-*■ London, when she was eight or nine years old, were not of the most cheerful kind. The family lived on the Sur- rey side of Blackfriars Bridge while Dr. INIitford sought refuge from his creditors within the rules of King's Bench. In 1798 she was sent to a school at No. 22 Hans Place, Sloane Street (see Miss Landon, p. 194), which is described, in her 1787-1855.] MARY RUSSELL MITFORD. 217 ' Life and Letters,' as being then a new house, bright, clean, freshly painted, and looking into a garden full of shrubs and flowers. The house had been rebuilt in 1885. The garden was still full of flowers, but the brightness and freshness of the buildings in the little square were things of the past. Here Miss Mitford remained as a scholar until 1803 ; and here, and to the later home of her teachers, — who were her warm friends as well, — at No. 33 Hans Place, she came, while in London, for a number of years. During her fre- quent excursions to town she lodged and visited in different places. In 1818 she was a guest at Tavistock House, Tavistock Square, afterwards the home of Dickens (see Dickens, p. 84). In 1826 she wrote from No. 45 Frith Street, Soho, — No. 49 in 1885, In 1828, when she came to London to see the first performance of ' Rienzi,' she lodged at No. 5 Great Queen Street, on the north side, near Lincoln's Inn Fields; and in 1834 she was at No. 35 Norfolk Street, Strand, in a house still standing and unchanged fifty years later, where she ' held a sort of drawing-room every morning,' and was lionized to her heart's content. Her friends were among the leading men and women in all professions and ranks. In 1836 she had apartments at No. 5Q Russell Square, between Bedford Place and Southampton Row, where she writes : — Mr. Wordsworth, Mr. Landor, and Mr. White dined here. I like Mr. Wordsworth, of all things. . . . Mr. Landor is a very striking-looking person, and exceedingly clever. Also we had a Mr. Browning, a young poet, and Mr. Procter and Mr. Morley, and quantities more of poets ; Stanfield and Lucas were also there. In the later years of her life Miss Mitfoi'd rarely spent a night in town, coming up from Reading or Swallowfield only for the day, and to see Miss Barrett or some of her intimate friends. She died in 1855, and was buried in the church- yard of Swallowfield, — ' Our Village.' 218 MARY WOKTLEY MONTAGU. [1690-1762. MAKY WOKTLEY MONTAGU. 1690-1762. T ADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU, although boin -^^ in Nottinghamshire, was christened in the Church of St. Paul, Covent Garden, since rebuilt (see Butler, p, 29). Her London home during her youth was in Arlington Street, Piccadilly, at the house of her father, the Marquis of Dorchester, afterwards Duke of Kingston, who introduced her to the Kit Kat Club when it held its sittings at the Cat and Fiddle in Shire Lane (see Addison, p. 8). Lady Louisa Stuart, in Lord Wharncliffe's 'Life and Writings of Lady Montagu/ gives the following account of the scene : — One (lay at a meeting to choose toasts for the year, a whim seized bim [Duke of Kingston] to nominate his danglifcer, then not eight years old, a candidate, alleging that she was far prettier than any lady on their list. The other members demurred, because the rules of the club forbade them to select a beauty whom they had never seen. ' Then you shall see her,' cried he ; and in the gayety of the moment sent orders to have her finely dressed, and brought to him at the tavern, where she was received with accla- mations, her claims unanimously allowed, her health dmink by every one present, and her name engraved, in due form, upon a drinking-glass. The company consisting of some of the most eminent men in England, she went from the lap of one poet or patriot or statesman to the arms of another, was feasted with sweetmeats, overwhelmed with caresses, and, what perhaps al- ready pleased her better than either, heard her wit and beauty loudly extolled on every side. Pleasure, she said, was too poor a word to express her sensations, — they amounted to ecstasy. Never again, through her whole life, did she pass so happy a day. MARY WORTLKY MONTAGU. 1690-176-2.] MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU. 219 Pope, ill 1717, wrote to the Montagus at 'the Piazza, Covent Garden,' urging them to go to Twickenham, which they did. They lived at Savile House there for some time. On the left of the Heath Road, east of the Railway Thorne's bridae, is Savile House, a fine old red brick mansion Haud-Book with tall roofs, where for several years lived Lady Environs of Mary Wortley Montagu, who came here to be near ^^i^j^"' Pope, — fast friends then, too soon to be bitter foes. enham. This house remained iu 1885 as Mr. Thorne has de- scribed it. Occasionally during these years she lived in Cavendish Square. After a long absence on the Continent, she retui-ned to London in 17G1. Lady Mary Wortley is arrived. I have seen her. I think her avarice, her dirt, and her vivacity are all increased. Her dress, like her language, is a galimatias of several countries : „ ° ° ° , . 1 . 1 . Correspond- the groundwork rags, and its embroidery nastmess. enceof She needs no cap, no handkerchief, no gown, no petti- waipoie, coat, no shoes. An old black laced hood represents ^^'^"■ the first ; the fur of a horseman's coat, which replaces the third, serves for the second ; a dimity petticoat is deputy, and officiates for the fourth ; and slippers act the part of the last. In George Street, Hanover Si^uare, Lady Mary Wortley Mon- tagu passed some of the last months of her long life. From her loiisr residence on the Continent she had imbibed for- ^ ° _ . Jesse s eign tastes and foreign habits ; and consequently the London, change from the spacious magnificence of an Italian Hanover palijce to a small three-storied house in the neighbor- ^^l^'^''^- hood of Hanover Square was as striking as it was disagreeable. ' I am most handsomely lodged,' she said, ' for I have two very decent closets and a cupboard on each floor.' She removed to Berkeley Square in 1762, where she died the same year. She was buried in Grosvenor Chapel, in South Audley Street (see Chesterfield, p. 50). 220 THOMAS MOORE. [1779-1852. M THOMAS MOOEE. 1779-1852. OORE first came to London in 1799 to be entered as a student in the Middle Temple, and lodged for a time in a front room up two pairs of stairs, at Wo. 44 George Street, Portman Square, — numbered lOG in 1885, — paying six shillings a week for his accommodations. In 1801 he wrote to his mother from No. 46 Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square. This house, since rebuilt, was on the north side, and after- wards No. 40. In 1805 he was found at No. 27 Bury Street, St. James's, his London home for ten or twelve years. To this house be took his young wife in 1811 ; and he speaks of a visit to it when he was an old man, and of the associations recalled by the sight of the old familiar rooms. The house had even then been renumbered. It was 28 in 1835, and fifty years later a new building stood on its site. A letter of Moore's dated from No. 15 Duke Street, St. James's, is preserved ; and Byron in 1814 wrote to him at No. 33 Bury Street (this house is also gone) ; but while in town he was generally a guest at Holland House (see Addison, p. 3), at Gore House (see Landor, p. 195), at Lansdowne House, on the south side of Berkeley Square, or at other aristocratic mansions among the lords he so dearly loved. Moore was married in the Church of St. Martin-in-the- Ficlds, March 25, 1811 ; and in 1812, and for about a year thereafter, lived at Brompton. A. J. Symington, in his ' Life of Moore ' (chap, iv.), says : — THOMAS MOORE. 1779-1852.] THOMAS MOORE. 221 On Lady Day he [Moore] was so fortunate as to marry Miss Bessie Dyke, a native of Kilkenny, — a charming and amiable young actress of considerable ability. Their house was at York Place, Queen's Elms, Brompton. The terrace was isolated, and opposite nursery gardens. Mrs. Moore was very domestic in her tastes, and possessed much energy of character, tact, and a sound judgment. York Place, since called York Mews, is south of the Fulham Road, between Church and Arthur Streets. In 1817 Moore rented the cottage since known as Lalla Rookh Cottage, where he lost a daughter. He buried her in Hornsey Churchyard, not far from the spot where Ptogers afterwards was laid (see Rogers). At the foot of the hill [Muswell Hill, Middlesex], lying back on the right, is a long, low brick cottage with a ve- xhome's ' randa in front and a lawn sloping down to a pond by "^^"fg ^"^'^ the roadside, which was the residence of Abraham Environs mi ofLnnilon: Newland, cashier of the Bank ot England. . . . ihe Muswell poet Moore rented it in 1817, and his eldest daughter, ^*'"' Anne Barbara, died here, and lies in Hornsey Churchyard. From a mistaken tradition that the poem was written in it, the cottage is now [1876] named Lalla Rookh Cottage ; the poem was written before, but published whilst Moore lived here. The cottage will be easily recognized ; it lies next to the Victoria Inn (which nearly faces the entrance to the Alexandra Palace), and has ' Lalla Rookh ' painted on the gate-posts. It remained, in 1885, back of Maynard Street and Muswell Hill Road. Moore was a member of the Athcneeura, corner of Pall Mall and Waterloo Place ; Brooks's, No. 60 St. James's Street; and other clubs. 222 SIR THOMAS MORE. [1480-1535. HANNAH MOKE. 1745-1833. TTANNAH MORE never had a permanent home in London. She came first to town in 1774. In 1777 she was lodging in Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, and in Gerard Street, Soho ; but she was generally the guest of David Garrick, or of his widow after his death in 1779, in the house No. 5 Adelphi Terrace, marked as the home of the great actor by the tablet of the Society of Arts. With the Garricks in London she is chiefly associated. Walpole writes of a visit he made to her at Adelphi Terrace in 1791 ; as long as Johnson lived, she was a welcome visitor at the house in Bolt Court ; Sir Joshua Eeynolds carried her to see his own and other pictures ; and her popularity was great. SIR THOMAS MOEE. 1478-1535. npHOMAS MORE was born in Milk Street, Cheapside, ' the brightest star that ever shone in that Via Lac- tea ' (Fuller's ' Worthies of England : More '). All traces of More's Milk Street were entirely destroyed in the Great Fire two centuries later. More Wi\s educated at St. Anthony's Free School, which stood, as is shown in the old maps, on the site of the Consol- idated Bank, No. 52 Threadneedle Street. He afterwards studied in New Inn, Wych Street, Drury Lane, adjoining Clement's Inn, and is said to have lived in the Charter HANNAH MORE. 1480-1535.] SIR THOMAS MORE. 223 House (see Addison, p. 1) as a lay brother. In 1499 he became a student of Lincoln's Inn, and he was appointed law reader of Furnival's Inn after his admission to the bar. From the period of More's marriage in 1507, he resided for some years in Bucklersbury ; perhaps it was soon after 1514-15 that he purchased Crosby Place, for his advancement K„ig,^^,g then became rapid. ... It is far from impossible that ^ondon, this delightful work [Utopia] was written in Crosby Crosby Place. In the preface we have a complete picture of ^'^'*''^- Sir Thomas's domestic habits about this period, and wliich, if it does not directly apply to Crosl:iy Place, may certainly be applied to it by the mere substitution of the ' Life of Richard Third ' for ' Utopia,' there being little or no doubt but the former work was written within its chambers, however it may be with the hitter. Bucklersbury runs, as in More's day, from the Poultry to what is now Queen Victoria Street. It is very ancient, and is to be found in the maps of Saxon London. It was the quarter of traders in herbs and spices, even before the Norman Conquest, and until Shakspere's time ; for he makes FalstafF say : — Come, I cannot cry and say thou art this and that, Men-y like a many of these lisping hawthorn buds, that come Windsor, like women in men's apparel and smell like Bucklers- gjenes. bury in simple time. Crosby Place, now Crosby Hall, has been ' I'estored ' with elaborate care, and stands in Bishopsgate Street near its junction with Threadneedle Street (see Shakspere). Sir Thomas More's country house was at Chelsea in Middlesex, where Sr. John Danvers built his house. The chimney-piece of marble, in Sr. John's chamber, was the chimney-piece . , . of Sr. Thomas More's chamber, as Sr. John himself Lives of told me. Where the gate is now, adorned with two per.sons : noble pyramids, there stood anciently a gate house ^'^^'>- wch was flatt on the top, leaded, from whonce is a most pleasant prospect of the Thames and the fields beyond ; on this place 224 SIR THOMAS MORE. [1480-1535. the L(l. Chancellor More was wont to recreate himself and contenipkite. It was at Mere's house in Chelsea that Holbein was first presented to Henry VIll. ; and, according to tradition, Erasmus was also a visitor there. He says : — With him }ou might imagine yourself in the Academy of Plato. But I should do injustice to his house by comjjaring it to the Academy of Plato, where numbers and geometrical Sii- James fioures and sometimes nujral virtues were the subject Mackm- '" _ •' tosh's Life of discussion ; it would be more just to call it a school and an exercise of the Christian religion. All its inhabitants, male and female, applied their leisure to liberal studies and profitable reading, although piety was their first care. No wrangling, no idle word, was heard in it ; no one was idle ; every one did his duty with alacrity, and not without a temperate cheerfulness. This description of More's household by Erasmus may have referred to the Bncklersbury mansion, with which he ■was also undoubtedly familiar. The old mansion [Sir Thomas More's] stood at the north end of Beaufort Row, extending westward at the distance of Faulkner's i i n i V i ^ • i n Chelsea, about one hundred yards Irom the water-side, bome thai' ii. fragments of the walls, doors, and windows, and parts of the foundation are still [1829] to be seen adjoining to the burying-ground belonging to the Moravian Society. Till within a very few years the ground remained in a state Miss that might have admitted of ascertaining the site of the Aifecllotesf bouse [Sir Thomas More's] ; but buildings have now vol. i. p. 42. gimt i*; out from search, and nought remains but the name, Beaufort Row, to tell how it was once honored. The house was built in 1.521. In the old chronicles of Chelsea it was known as Buckingham House in 1527, and was called Beaufoi-t House in 1682. It was immediately facing the present Battersea Bridge, a little back from the river and about whore Beaufort Street now runs. It was purchased by Sir Hans Sloane, and taken down in 1740. SIR THOMAS MORE. 1480-1535.] SIR THOMAS MORE. 225 More was imprisoned in the Tower for thirteen months, and arraigned at Westminster Hall, May 7, loS'S. He was beheaded on Tower Hill. The head of Sir Thomas More was putt upon London Bridge where, as trayter's heads are sett upon poles, and having re- mained some moneths there being to be cast into the j lore's Thames, because roome should be made for diverse };}^%^ ' Sir Thomas others who in plentiful sorte suffered martvrdoine for More, . . 1726. the same supremacie ; shortly after it was brought by his daughter Margarett, least — as she stoutly affirmed before the Councill, being called before them for the same matter — it should be foode for fishes which she Ijuried where she thought fittest. After he [More] was beheaded, his trunke was interred in Chelsey Church, near the middle of the south wall, Aubrey's where was some slight monument erected, which being Lives of " . ' ° Eminent worn by time, about 1644, Sir Lawrence of Persons: Chelsey (no kinne to him) at his own proper costs and charges erected to his memorie a handsome inscription of marble. This inscription was written by More himself, as Erasmus has shown. It lias several times been renewed. In the old parish church near the river More's monument still stands [1883]. The church is an interesting building of the most mixed character. So far, happily, not very much hurt ^^^^.^,^ by restorers. More made a chapel for his family tomb History of at the east end of the south aisle, and put up a black ^q""!"":' slab to record the f\ict. It has been twice ' improved,' ^he Western and is said to have originally contained a reference to his persecution of heresy, for which a blank is now left in the renewed inscription, just the kind of evasion one can imagine the straightforward chancellor would himself have particularly dis- liked. The architectural ornaments of the monument are m what was then the new Italian style. It is uncertain Avhere More is buried. Some say here ; some say in the Tower Chapel. His head was carried by his daughter to Canterbury, and buried in the Roper Vault in St. Dunstan's Church there. 226 ARTHUR MURPHY. [1727-1805. ARTHUE MUEPHY. 1727-1805. A RTHUR MURPHY, Walpole's ' writing actor,' who was "^^ nevertheless ' very good company,' was a clerk in a banking-house ' in the City,' and an unsuccessful player. On quitting the stage he determined to study law, was refused a call by the Benchers of Gray's Inn and the Temple because of his connection with the dramatic pro- fession, but was admitted a barrister by the Society of Lincoln's Inn in 1757. He occupied chambers at No. 1 New Square, Lincoln's Inn, for upwards of a quarter of a century. The old house, in 1885, remained as in Murphy's time. During the latter years of his life Murphy lived at Ham- mersmith, ' at the end of the Mall and on the Terrace over- looking the river.' This was afterwards called Hammer- smith Terrace ; and Murphy's house, the last one at the west end of the row, was standing in 1885. Its back windows look directly upon the Thames. Murphy died at No. 14 Queen's Row, Knightsbridge, in a house little changed in 1885, when it was No. 59 Bromptou Road, and was buried by the side of his mother in the parish Church of St. Paul, Queen Street, Hammersmith. Murphy was a member of the Beefsteak Society, which met in his time in Covent Garden Theatre (see Churchill, p. 51). He frequented Tom's Coffee House, No. 17 Russell Street, Covent Garden (see Gibber, p. 55), 'the Bedford under the Piazza, Covent Garden' (see Churchill, p. 51), and 'George's in the Strand,' which stood at No. 213 Strand, near Essex Street and opposite the New Law Courts. 1642-1727] SIR ISAAC NEWTON. 227 The George Tavern was erected on its site in 1868 (see Shenstone). He was fond of going to The Doves (still a tavern in 1885), at the entrance to the Upper Mall, Hammersmith, near his own house, and at the end of Hammersmith Bridge (see Thomson). SIR ISAAC NEWTON. 1642-1727. "\T EWTON seems to have seen little or nothing of London ^ ^ until he was sent to Parliament by the University of Cambridge in 1689, when he lodged 'at Mr. More's house in the Broad Sanctuary at the west end of Westminster Abbey.' Here he first met John Locke. In 1693, during a short stay in town, he wrote a letter from ' The Bull at Shoreditch,' an inn not mentioned by Stow, Nicholson, or in the ' History of Shoreditch,' and to be found on no old map. In 1697, when appointed Warden of the Mint, he took a house in Jermyn Street, St. James's Street, where he re- mained until he went to Chelsea in 1709. In October, 1710, he removed to the house afterwards numbered 35 St. Martin Street, Leicester Square, whei-e he lived for fifteen years and completed the second and third editions of his * Principia.' The house was still standing in 1885, and was occupied by the Sunday school of the Orange Chapel, next door. It is marked by the tablet of the Society of Arts (see Mme. D'Arblay, p. 73). After Sir Isaac Newton took up his residence in London, he lived in a very handsome style, and kept his carriage, uj-p^vster's with an establishment of three male and three female i^'f*^ "f Newton, servants. In his own house he was hospitable and chap. xix. 228 SIR ISAAC NEWTON. [1642-1727. kind, ami on proper occasions he gave splendid entertainments, though without ostentation or vanity. His own diet was frugal, and his dress was always simple. It was here [St. Martin's Street] that the anti(|uary Dr. Stukely called one day by appointment. The servant who opened the door said that Sir Isaac was in his studv. No one was Walfoid's . - . Old ami New permitted to disturb hiiu there ; but as it was near vol. ill.' tiis dinner-time the visitor sat down to wait for him. p. 172. jj^ ^ short time a boiled chicken under cover was brought in for dinner. An hour passed, and Sir Isaac did not appear. The doctor then ate the fowl, and, covering up the empty dish, desired the servant to get another dressed for his master. Before that was ready, the great man came down. He apologized for his delay; and added : * Give me but leave to take my short dinner, and I shall be at your service. I am fatigued and faint.' Saying this, he lifted up the cover, and without emotion turned about to Stukely with a smile. ' See,' he said, ' what we studious people are ; I forgot that I had dined.' Newton died in what was then known as Pitt's Buildings, Kensington, on the southeast side of Campden Hill. His house, afterwards called Orbell's Buildings, was for a time known as Newton House. In 1885 it was at the north end of Bullingham House, and formed a portion of Kensington College, the entrance to which was at No. 15 Pitt Street. The gardens and the house were intact. A rear entrance next to the old George Tavern, Church Street, near Campden Grove, and in the stable-yards to the inn, had but lately been closed. He went into London and presided at the Royal Society for the last time on the 2d of March, 1727. The fatigue brought on a paroxysm of his complaint. He lingered in Taylor's much pain, affectionately tended by his beloved niece s^'iiare^'^ • • • *^^^ ^^^ morning of Monday the 20th, when he died, in the eighty-fifth year of his age, — the highest of all human intelligence, till now. SIR ISAAC NEWTON. 1651-1685.] THOMAS OTWAY. 229 The Royal Society, dmnng Newton's presidency and for many yeai's afterwards, met in a house in Crane Court: Fleet Street. On its site was a modern but picturesque turreted red brick building occupied by the Scottish Coi^ poration in 1885. On March 28, 1727, the body of Sir Isaac Newton, after lying- in state ill the Jerusalem Chamber, where it had been brought from his death-bed in Kensington, was attended ^-^^^^^ hv the leading members of the Royal Society, and Stanley's u CD V V WcstiiiiiistiGr buried at the pubhc cost in the spot in front of the Abbey, choir, which, being one of the most conspicuous in '^'"'l^- '^• the Abbey, had been previously refused to various noblemen who had applied for it. Sir Isaac, after the meetings of the Royal Society, is known to have visited the Grecian, Devereux Court, Strand, on the site of the present Eldon Chambers (see Addison, p. 7). THOMAS OTWAY. 1G51-1685 T^XCEPT that Otway's life in London was generally "*— ' disreputable, little is recorded of it. The low ale- house in which he perished miserably is the only spot men- tioned as being in any way positively associated with him, and only the name of that is known now. His first and last appearance upon the stage as a player was made in the Dorset Garden Theatre, Salisbury Court, Fleet Street, in 1672. It stood behind the present Salisbury Square, and between Hutton Street, formerly Wilderness Lane, Dorset Street, and the Thames. Dorset Street and Dorset Build- ings perpetuate its name. 230 THOMAS OTWAY. [1651-1685. In this play [The Jealous Bridegroom] Mr. Otway, the poet, having an inclination to turn actor, Mr. Behn gave him Rosr.ius the KiiKj in the play tor a probation part ; but he, Anghcimis, ]jgij,g jjyj ^j;g^i {^^ tj^ stage, the full house put him to such a sweat and tremendous agony, that being dash't spoilt him for an actor. Dryden and Otway were contemporaries, and lived, it is said, for some time opposite each other in Fetter Lane. One Walford's morning the latter happened to call upon his brother Old and New jj^rd about breakfast-time, but was told by his ser- London, , , . i i i- • i i vol. i. vant that his master was gone to breakiast with the chap. viii. j,.^^.^ ^^. pejjji3i.oi^e_ i Very well,' said Otway, ' tell your master that I will call to-morrow morning.' Accordingly he called about the same hour. ' Well, is your master at home now] ' 'No, sir, he is just gone to breakfast with the Duke of Bucking- ham.' ' The d 1 he is ! ' said Otway ; and, actuated either by envy, pride, or disappointment, in a kind of involuntary manner he took up a piece of chalk which lay on a table and wrote over the door, — ' Here lives Dryden, a poet and a wit.' The next morning Dryden recognized the handwriting, and told the servant to go to Otway and desire his company to break- fast with him ; in the mean time to Otway's line of ' Here lives Dryden, a poet and a wit,' he added, — ' Tliis was written by Otway, opposit.' When Otway arrived he saw this line linked with a rhyme, and, being a man of rather petulant disposition, he took it in dudgeon, and, turning upon his heel, told Dryden he was welcome to keep his wit and his breakfast to himself. Otway's house, if he did live in Fetter Lane, — which is merely traditional, — must have been opposite the house said to have been occupied by Dryden, and in the grounds of the present Record Office (see Dryden, p. 93). Otway died on the 14th of April, 1685. ^YILI.IAM PEXX. 1644-1718.] WILLIAM PENN. 231 Having been compelled by his necessities to contract debts, and hunted, as is supposed, by the terriers of the law, he retired to a public house on Tower Hill, where he is said to have died of want ; or, as is related by one of his LheTof tie biographers, by swallowing, after a long fast, a piece ^°'^*.* • of bread which charity had supplied. He went out, as is reported, almost naked, in a rage of hunger, and, finding a gentleman in a neighboring coffee-house, asked him for a shilling. The gentleman gave him a guinea ; and Otway, going away, bought a roll and was choked by the first mouthful. All this, I hope, is not true. If Lee died tipsy outside a public house, Otway died Koran's half-starved within one, at the Bull on Tower Hill. the stage. Otway had an intimate friend, who was shot ; the murderer fled toward Dover, and Otway pursued him. i^iecdot^es • On his return he drank w^ater when violently heated, John Dennis, ^ ^ r 1-1 7-,,n,. section i. and so got a lever, which was the death of him. i72S-it30. There is no sign of the Bull to be found on Tower Hill now, and the exact site of Otway's tavern is unknown. He was buried in the churchyard of St. Clement Danes, April 16, 1685. No stone marks the spot. WILLIAM PENN. 1644-1718. "\ 1 riLLIAM PENN was born in his father's house 'upon Great Tower Hill, on the east side, with a court adjoining to London Wall.' Part of old London Wall was still to be found in 188.5, back of the Tower Station of the Underground Railway, and in the identical court which once contained this house. According to Robert J. Burdette, in bis Life of Penn, 'he was not born with his hat on, but this is the only time he was ever seen in his bare head.' 22 232 SAMUEL PEPYS. [1632-33-1703. Venn received his early education at C!liig\vell Grammar School, about ten miles from London ; and here, as he expresses it, the ' Lord first appeared to him,' when he was about twelve years of age. These visitations were repeated afterwards in liis father's house, and at a private school he attended on Tower Hill. He went to Christ Church, Oxford, at the age of fifteen. After his suspension from college and a tour of two years on the C(jntinent, he was entered as a student in Lincoln's Inn. During his stormy life in Loudon, before and after he carried his colonization schemes into effect, he lived with his various Quaker friends when he was not confined in Newgate, the Tower, where he wrote ' No Cross, No Crown,' or 'within the rules of the Fleet,' composing the while innumerable pamphlets, and preaching in the various Friends' meeting-houses of the metropolis. Penn is said to have occupied the house ' on the south- west corner of Norfolk Street, Strand, the last house in the street and overlooking the river,' on the site of which, No. 21 Norfolk Street, was the Arundel Hotel in 188.5. And he is known to have lived at one time at Teddinoton, on the left bank of the Thames, near Twickenham." He was buried at Chalfont, Bucks. SAMUEL PEPYS. 1632-33-1 703. 'T^HE fixmous gossip was l)oni on the 23d of Februarv, 1032-33, but whether at Brompton, near Huntingdon, where his father had a small pi'operty, or in London, cannot now be determined. He was familiar with the metropolis in his childhood, but it is certain that he went to school at 1632-33-1703.] SAMUEL PEPYS. 233 Huntingdon before he entered Paul's School in London (see Milton, p. 211). To Paul's Schoole, it being apposition day there. I heard some of their speeches and they were just as school p^py^.g boys used to be, of the seven liberal sciences, but I i^iary, Feb. •^ ... 4, 1662-63. think not so good as our s were in our tune. Pepys was married in the Church of St. Margaret, West- minster, on the 1st of December, 1655, and in the register is described as ' Samuel Peps of this parish, Gent.' This spelling of his name, together with that of the register of St. Olave's, Hart Street, recording his death, — ' Samuel Peyps, Esq.,' — may settle the point of its proper pro- nunciation. Pepys, at the time of the opening of his Diary, 1659-60, was living in Axe Yard, on the west side of King Street, Westminster. I lived in Axe Yard, having my wife, and servant Diary, Jane, and no other in the family than us three. 1659-60. At Westminster by reason of rain and an easterly wind, the water was so high that there was boats rowed in King ^j^^^ Street, and all our yard was drowned, that one could March 20, i_ T 1 1660. not get to my house, so as no man has seen the like almost, and most houses full of water. Axe Yard, afterwards called Fludyer Street, is now cov- ered by the Public Offices (see Davenant, p. 75). King Street at one time extended to Charing Cross, through the grounds of the Palace of Whitehall. In June, 1660, Pepys took possession of a house belonging to, and adjoining, the Navy Office in Seething Lane. Up early and with Commissioner Pett to view the houses in Seething Lane, belonging to the Navy, where I find tlie worst very good, and had great feares they will 4^'i66o. shuffle me out of them, which troubles me. This morning we met at the office. I dined at my Diary, June house in Seethin" Lane ' 234 SAMUEL PEPTS. [1632-33-1703. While Pepys was clerk in the Navy Office he made marks which are not yet eft'aced. To this day rules and regulations of his devising are in force at the Admiralty, and documents are issued to the fleet of Victoria, on plans formed by Pepys. Seething Lane was spared by the Great Fire, but contains now no houses, seemingly, as old as the reign of James IT. .It runs from Crutched Friars to Great Tower Street ; and the old Navy Office, which was removed in 1788, stood on the east side of the Lane, with its chief entrance on Crutched Friars. From a * Certificate ' of the clergyman of the Church of St. Olave, Hart Street, preserved in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, and quoted in full by Lord Braybrooke in his 'Memoii'' attached to the 'Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys,' it seems that Pepys lived in this parish, probably in one house, for thirteen years (1G60-1G73), 'dur- ing which time the said Mr. Pepys and his whole family were constant attendants upon the public worship of God and his holy ordinances,' and that 'his Lady received the Holy Sacrament from my hands according to the rites of the Church of England upon her death-bed, few houres before her decease, in the year 1669.' It would also seem from the same document, dated May 22, 1G81, that even after Pepys removed from the parish 'he continued to receive the Holy Communion with the inhabitants thereof In 1684 Pepys lived in Buckingham Street, Strand, His house ' over against ' Peter the Great's was on the west side of Buckingham Street, No. 14, at the end of the street and overlooking York Gate (see Bacon, p. 12). It has been rebuilt. In 1700 he removed to Claoham, under the advice of his physician, where, on the 26th of May, 1703, he died. No trace of his house remains. It was taken down in the middle of the eighteenth century. 1632-33-1703.J SAMUEL PEPYS. 235 Sept. 23. — I went to visit Mr. Pepys at Claphani where he has a very noble and wonderfully well furnished house, especially with Indian and Chinese curiosities ; the Diary, 1700. othces and gai'dens well accommodated for retirement. Pepys was buried by the side of his wife, * in a vault by ye Communion Table,' in the Church of St. Olave, Hart- Street, at the junction of Seething Lane and Crutched Friars. The building has been left comparatively untouched. Pepys erected an elaborate monument to his wife, with her bust and an inscription in elegant Latin, near the chancel. A memorial to Pepys himself in this church was unveiled in " 1884 by James Russell Lowell. It is on the south wall, near the little door by which he was wont to enter the gallery, ascending from the churchyard by an outside stair- case ; but gallery, staircase, and door have all disappeared. On the bottom of this tablet are the words 'Erected by Public Subscription, 1883;' and Pepys in bas relief is now looking towards the monument to his wife. In 1677 Pepys was elected Master of the Cloth workers' Company, and left it a silver cup, which is carefully pre- served. The new hall of the Cloth workers, built in 1860, stands upon the site of the old hall, on the east side of Mincing Lane, a few doors from Fenchurch Street. In 1684 he was elected President of the Royal Society, which met in his day in Arundel House, in the Strand, marked now by Arundel Street ; and in Gresham College, which then stood on the east side of Old Broad Street, half-way between Wormwood and Threadneedle Streets, as shown in a map printed by Stow. It was taken down in the middle of last century. Gresham House, No. 22 Old Broad Street, stands upon its site. Gresham College, on the northeast corner of Gresham and Basinghall Streets, is of much later date. In 1679-80 Pepys was confined in the Tower npon a charge of Popeiy and Treason, and in 1690 he was sent 236 yAMUKL riorvy. [1032-33-1703. for a short time to the Gate House at Westiuinster (see BUKKE, p. 27). A list of the Loudon taverns frequented by Pepys would simply be a list of all the taverns in London in Pepys's day. hordes Lay. — Met with Purser Washington, with whom and a Diary, July hidy, a friend of liis, I dined ut the Bell Tavern in '• '''""• King Street [Westminster] ; but the rogue had no more manners than to invite me and to let me pay my club. ^. „ , To the Mitre in Wood Street. Here some of us fell Diary, Sept. IS, 1660. to handicap, a sport that I never knew before. The Mitre in Wood Street was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. Mitre Court lies between Wood, Greshara, Milk Streets, and Cheapside. He frequented also the Mitre in Fenchurch Street, likewise a victim to the Great Fire, but soon after rebuilt. Its site is marked by Mitre Chambers, No. 157 Fenchurch Street. Still another Mitre of Pepys's was that in Fleet Street near Temple Bar see (Johnson, p. 169). A favorite tavern of his was the Leg, in King Street, Westminster, which at that time, as has been shown, extended through the precincts of Whitehall Palace to Charing Cross. With Mr. Creed and More to the Leg in the Palace to dinner, Diarv Apr ""'l"ch I gave them, and after dinner, I saw the girl of 6, 1661. the house, being verj'^ pretty, go into a chamber, and I went in after her and kissed her. This mornin" going to my father's I met him, and so Diary o t> n j ^ ' June 21, he and I went and drank our morning draft at Sam- ^^^- son's, in Paul's Church Yard. Of the Dolphin, ' near my house,' which was then in Seething Lane, no trace is left ; and no hint is given as to its site. At noon with my wife by appointment, to dinner at the Dol- phin, with Sir W- Batten, and his lady and daughter Matt, and Captain Cook and his lady, a German lady but a very great 1G32.33-1703.] SAMUEL PEPYS. 287 beauty, and we dined together, at the spending of some wagers won and lost between liini and I ; and then we had the best musique and very good songs, and were very merry and -Qi^jy j^t^^, danced. Bnt, after all our mirth conies a reckoning 22, I66I. of £4, besides 4s of the musicians which did trouljle us, but it must be paid and so I took mj^ leave and left them there about eight o'clock. We all went to tlie Three Cranes Tavern, and Diaiy, Jan. though the best room in the house is such a narrow ^^' ^♦'^^■QS. dogg-hole that it made me loath my company and victuals, and a sorry poore dinner it was, too. This was probably the Three Cranes in the Viutry, in Queeu Street, Upper Thames Street. In Covent Garden to-night going to fetch home my wife, I stopped at the Great Coflfee House there, where I never ^^ ^^^ was before . . . and had I had time then, or could at 3, 1663-64. other times, it will be good coming thither, for tliere I perceive is very witty and pleasant discourse. This was Will's Coffee House, in Eussell Street, Covent Garden, corner of Bow Street (see Addison, p. 7). He also frequented the Fleece Tavern in Covent Garden, where on one occasion he ' staid till late, very merry.' It stood on the corner of York Street and Brydges Street, afterwards Catherine Street. To a little ordinarv in Hercules' Pillars Alley, the Diary, Crowne, a poor sorry place and there dined and had a 1666-67. good dinner. At noon my wife came to me at my tailor's and I Y^^^y,'^ ■^ '' April 30, sent her home, and myself and Tom dined at Hercules' 1669. Pillars. Hercules' Pillars Alley was on the south side of Fleet Street, near St. Dunstan's Church. In Strype's time, — be- ginning of the eighteenth century, — this street was almost entirely 'given up to such as keep publick houses.' It has been built over for many years. 238 SAMUEL I'EPYS. [1632-33-1703. To the Cock in Fleet Street, No. 201," and to the Cock in Suffolk Street, llaymarket, of which hitler now no trace is left, he often went with his wife, Mrs. Knipp, and other ladies of his acquaintance. Diary, Thence by water to the Temple and there to the 1668^ ^^* Cocke Alehouse and drank and eat a lobster and sang and were mighty merry. Did walk to the Cock at the end of Suffolke Street, where I never was, a great ordinary miglitily cried up, and March 16, therti bespoke a pullet and while dressing he and I walked into St. James's Park, and thence back and dined very handsome, with a good soup and a pullet for 4s 6c?, the whole. On the 17th of January, 1659-60, he writes: 'I went to the Coffee Club and heard a very good discourse,' This was the Rota Club, which met at the Turk's Head, in New Palace Yard, — an inn that has long since disappeared. Pepys's face was also well known at the ' Beare Inn, Southwark, at the foote of London Bridge.' It was 'op- posite the end of St. Olave's Church in Tooley Street,' and was taken down in 1761. Other places of his re- sort were, — the Blue Bells, in Lincoln's Inn Fields ; Carey House, in the Strand, near the Savoy ; the Castle Tavern, * by the Savoy near Exeter House,' which stood in Bull Inn Court, No. 407 Strand, as late as 1846 ; Chate- lines, the French house, in Covent Garden ; the Devil Tavern, near Temple Bar (see Ben Jonson, p. 76) ; the Goat Tavern, in Charing Cross ; the Golden Eagle, in New Street, between Fetter Lane and Shoe Lane ; the Golden Lion, near Charing Cross ; the Heaven Tavern, in Lindsay Lane, Westminster, the site of the Committee Rooms of the House of Commons, — ' went to Heaven with Sudlin, and I dined' (Hell and Paradise were neighboi'ing inns); the King's Head, Fleet Street, opposite Chancery Lane ; the 1(332-33-1703.] SAMUEL rp:PYS. 239 King's Head in Tower Street ; the King's Head opposite the church in Islington ; the Pope's Head in Chancery Lane ; the Pope's Head in Pope's Head Alley, running from No. 18 Cornhill to No. 73 Lombard Street (this was in existence as late as 175G); the Quaker, in the Great Sanc- tuary, Westminster, on the site of which the Sessions House was built ; the Rhenish Wine House, on the south side of Cannon Eow, Westminster (see Locke, p. 197); the Rhenish Wine House, in the Steel Yard, Upper Thames Street, on the site of which the Cannon Street Station has been built (the Steel Yard lay between All Hallows Lane and Cousin Lane) ; the Rose, in Russell Street, Covent Garden (portions of Drury Lane Theatre stand on its site) ; the Star, in Cheapside ; the Sun in King Street, Westminster ; the Sun ' behind the Exchange ; ' the Sun iu New Fish Street (Fish Street Hill) ; the Sun in Chancery Lane ; the Swan in Old Fish Street ; the Swan in Fenchurch Street ; the Three Tuns, ' in Charing Cross,' — probably the inn of that name which stood on the site of No. 66 Bedford Street, Strand, near the corner of Chaudos Street ; the White Horse Tavern, in Lombard Street ; and the World's End, Knightsbridge, — ' a drinking place near the Park.' None of these now remain, and the exact site of many of them it is not possible to discover. Besides the foi-egoing, he mentions scores of taverns by name, but gives no hint as to where they stood. 240 ALKXAXDKK TOPE. [1688-1744. ALEXANDER TOPE. 1688-1744. 'T^IIAT Pope was a native of Loudon, there seems to be no -^ question ; but the exact spot of his birth has never been definitely settled. Johnson says his father was a linen- draper, who dwelt in the Strand. John Tinibs believes that he was born in Old Broad Street, in the parish of St. Bennet Fink, where his father — a merchant, not a trades- man — had his abode ; but, according to Sjjence, — and this is the generally accepted authority, — he was born in Plough Court, Lombard Street, and in 1688. Plough Court, oppo- site No. 37 Lombard Street, contains now none but the most modern of business houses ; and in Old Broad Street is no building dating back to Pope's time. Pope, a delicate child, was never thoroughly well, al- though he lived past middle age. He is said to have inherited his crookedness of person from his father, and his delicacy of constitution and fretfulness of temper from his mother, who was a victim to headaches. Johnson declares that his weakness of body continued through life, although the mildness of his mind — if it ever was mild — ended with his childhood. Pope went to school at Marylebone, and afterwards at Hyde Park Corner, where he lisped in numbers. Later in life his address "for a short time was ' at Mr. Digby's, next door to ye Golden Ball, on ye second terras in St. James's Street ; ' and a letter to him, extant, is addressed to ' Bridge- water House in Cleveland Court, St. James's.' A modern Bridgewater House was built upon its site in 1845. The pleasant old house No. 9 Berkeley Street, Piccadilly, opposite Devonshire House, is said to have been a home of Pope's. 1 . ALEXANDER POPE. 16S8-1744.] ALEXANDER POPE. 241 We are glad to be able to point out the site of the London resi- dence of the great poet Pope. He lived at one time at No. 9 Berkeley Street, close to his friend Lord Burlington ; and it was here, possibly, in 1715, on the eve of his Lonfio^n departure to his quiet letreat at Twickenham, that he pjocl'd'iu composed his ' Farewell to London.' We are assured that in the lease of tliis house the name of Mr. Alexander Pope occurs as a former tenant. From the poet it passed into the hands of General Bulkley, wlio died at an extreme old age. A late occupant of the house well remembered that whenever the General visited it after it had ceased to be his own, it was his invariable habit to observe, with an air of respectful interest, 'This is the house Mr. Alexander Pope lived in.' Pope is believed to have spent a year or two at Chisvvick, and on good authority, although Faulkner in his ' Chiswick,' does not mention the fact. His father, dying in 1717, was buried in Chiswick Churchyard ; and portions of the Iliad, it is said, were written on the backs of letters ad- dressed to ' Mr. Pope at his house in ye New Buildings, Chiswick.' New Buildings, afterwards Mawson Row, a group of five three-storied red brick houses, on the west side of Chiswick Lane, at the corner of Mawson Lane, and half-way between the River and the Manor House, were unaltered in 1885. Pope lived at the famous villa at Twickenham for a quar- ter of a century, and died there in 1744. The villa — or villakin, as Swift called it — was much smaller when Pope took it than when he left it. In 1717 it comprised only a central hall with two small parlors on each side, and corresponding rooms above. He left it a brick centre H^°™.Book of four floors with wings of three floors, each story with "''^^ ^ ; J Environs of a single light towards the Thames. . . . After Pope's London : death his villa was sold to Sir William Stanhope, ham. brother to the Earl of Chesterfield, who added wings to the house, and enlarged and improved the garden, greatly to the disgust of Walpolc. 242 ALEXANDER POPE. [1688-1744. This house was destroyed early in the nineteenth century. The present 'Pope's Villa' (1885) is entirely different in character, and does not even stand on the site of the original building. The Grotto, however, still remains.^^ Pope was buried in a vault in the middle aisle of Twick- enham Church, near the cast end of the aisle. The ' Essay on Man ' is said to have been written at BolingVjroke House, Uattersea. A portion of the west wing of this building was standing as late as 1885, on Mill Wharf, Church Road, Battersea, and was used as a residence by the foreman of the mill of Dives & Co., to whom the property belonged, the carved chimney-pieces and frescoed ceilings remaining intact. On the front of the witig over- looking the river was the famous cedar room in which Coling- broke and Pope so often sat ; the floor, walls, and ceiling of cedar still as redolent as a century and a half before. Pope was also a frequent visitor of Bolingbroke at Dawley Court, in Ilarlington, Middlesex, not very far from Twicken- ham. Only one wing of the house remains. It stands between the Great Western Bailway, on the south, and the Grand Junction Canal, on the north, and is about half a mile east of Hayes Station and twelve miles from Hyde Park Corner. Pope's taverns were the Bedford, in the Piazza, Covent Garden (see Churchill, p. 51); the Upper Flask, Hamp- stead Heath (see Addison, p. 9) ; and Slaughter's, which stood in St. Martin's Lane, three doors from Newport Street, but was taken down in 1 843, when Cranbourne Street was cut througli that section of the town to make a thorough- fare between Coventry Street and Piccadilly. H. R. Haweis, in his chapter on Handel in his ' Music and Morals,' associ- ates Pope with another inn the identity of which is not very clear, as Regent Street did not exist until seventy-five years after Pope's death. He says : — 1688-1744.] ALEXANDER POPE. 243 As Handel enters the ' Turk's Head,' at the corner of Regent Street, a noble coach and four drives up. It is the Duke of Chandos, who is inquiring for Mr. Pope. Presently a deformed little man in an iron-gray suit, and with a face as keen as a razor, hobbles out, makes a low bow to the burly Handel, who, helping him into a chariot, gets in after him, and they drive off together to Cannons, the Duke's mansion at Edgeware. There they meet Mr. Addison, the poet Gay, and the witty Arbuthnot, who have been asked to luncheon. The last number of the ' Spectator ' lies on the table ; and a brisk discussion arises between Pope and Addison, concerning the merits of the Italian Opera, in which Pope would have the better if he only knew a little more about music, and could keep his temper. Among the traditions of Will's Coffee House, at the corner of Bow and Eussell Streets, Covent Garden (see Addison, p. 7), is one to the effect that Pope was carried there in his youth to see and worship Dryden, whose works he even then greatly admired, and who was for some years the autocrat of that establishment. As Pope was born in 1G88, and as Dryden died only twelve years later. Pope could have been little more than a child when this interview took place, if it took place at all. Pope was a member of different clubs, of more or less renown. Whilst deeply engaged in his translation of Homer, Pope fre- quently relaxed from his labors by a visit to town. . . . The dissensions which arose amongst the ministers before „ , the death of Queen Anne, and which Swift strove in Life of ., , , . 1 , . n I PopP) 1715. vain to reconcile, had interrupted the meetings of the , political societj' called the October Club ; but another associa- tion had been formed, which was known by the name of the Scriblerus Club, and of which Swift, Parnell, Arbutlmot, and Gay were members. At both these places Pope found himself a welcome guest ; and as temperance and regularity were not the habits of the times, he was probably led into indulgences 244 KICIIARD PORSON. [1759-1808. inconsistent no less Avith Lis ialinu constitution than witli liis usual course of life. The October club was a club of country members of hiini'slfand- P'lrliinnent, of about the time of Queen Anne, about Book of ^^■^^Q luuidred and fifty in numljer, Tories to the back- Loiulou : . October bone. . . . They met at the Bell, afterwards the Crown, in King Street, Westminster. King Street originally ran from Charing Cross to the Palace of Westminster, past or through the grounds of the Palace of Whitehall, and although very narrow and badly- paved, was the chief thoroughfare between the two points. The formation of Parliament Street after the destruction of Whitehall in 1698 wiped out a large part of King Street, and the new Public Offices have left but a short portion of what remained. No Crown or Bell exists to-day. The Scriblerus Club had no proper home of its own, but met at some of the many taverns in St. James's Street or Pall Mall. PJCHARD PORSON. 1759-1808. T)0RS0N'8 first home in London, when he arrived from -*- Cambridge in 1791 or 1792, was at No. 5 Essex Court, Middle Temple, where he remained for some years, and where, putting out his candle in the midst of a prolonged debauch* he is described as staggering downstairs to relight it, and after many vain attempts uttering his famous curse against ' the nature of things.' He had a temporary home, when he chose to avail him- self of it, in the house of his friend Perry, in Lancaster Court, Strand. According to some authorities. Person was 1759-1808.] RICHARD PORSON. 245 married in 1795 in the Church of St. Martiu-in-the-Fields, although no record of such marriage is to be found there. In 1805 Porson was appointed principal Librarian to the London Institution, then at No. 8 Old Jewry. The building was destroyed by fire in 1863, and banks and business offices were built upon its site. He had apartments in the Instituiton, and died there in 1808. He was buried in Cambridge. Among his places of bucolic resort were the African Coffee House, in St. Michael's Alley, — a short passage at the side of St. Michael's Church, Cornhill, where was, in 1885, a "West Indian but no African Tavern ; and the Turk's Head, No. 142 Strand (see Johnson, p. 170). I afterwards used to meet Porson every night at the Turk's Head in the Strand, where he retained his devotion to ^ , ' _ John brandy and water, and often tired the company with Taylor's his recital of a burlesque parody of Pope's exquisite my Life, poem of ' Eloisa and Abelard.' The Cider Cellar, at No. 20 Maiden Lane, near Bedford Street, Covent Garden, which has now disappeared, was the spot to which his footsteps more frequently and more fondly turned. It was opposite the house (No. 26 Maiden Lane) in which Turner the painter was born ; and the Adelphi Club, No. 21 A, Maiden Lane, stood on its site in 1885. It was what is called ' an all-night tavern,' and famous for its cider ; hence its name. What Porson considered one of the greatest compliments ever paid to him was the remark of one of his boon companions of this place, that ' Dick can beat us all, — he can drink all night, and spout all day.' 23 246 MATTHEW riilOR. [1664-1721. MATTHEW PRIOR 1664-1721. T^HE first traces of Prior in London are at the Rummer Tavern, kept by his uncle, and described by Peter Cuiniingham as 'a famous tavern two doors from Lockitt's, between Whitehall and Charinj? Cross, removed to the water side of Cliaring Cross in 1710, and burnt down November 7, 1750.'" Lockitt's Ordinary stood on the site of Drummond's Banking House in Spring Gardens, and in an old map, dated 1734 and published in Smith's ' Antiquities of West- minster,' Rummer Coui't, unquestionably the site of the famous hostelr}', is shown to have been situated between Buckingham Court and Cromwell Place. The Ship Tavern, at No. 35 Charing Cross, with an entrance into Spring Gardens, standing in 1885, is a direct descendant of the Rummer. This uncle of Prior, into whose kindly hands he fell when his father's death left him a small boy without home, sent him to Westminster School (see Churchill, p. 51), under Dr. Busby, and after giving him a moderate educa- tion there, received him into his own family at the Rummer Tavern. Here he attracted the attention of the Earl of Dorset, who was so much pleased with the lad and his pro- ficiency in the classics that he defrayed the expenses of his University course. Prior's London home was in ' Duke Street, Westminster, facing Charles Street.' Duke Street, afterwards called Delahay Street, has been greatly changed since Prior's day. Facing Charles Street is now a gate of St. James's Park, and 1664-1721.] MATTHEW PRIOK. 24T Charles Street itself forms the southern boundary of the new Government Buildings. On July 30, 1717, Prior wrote to Swift : — I have been made to believe that we may see your revered person this summer in En '^ 1552-1618.] SIR WALTER RALEIGH. 249 SIE WALTER RALEIGH. 1552-1618. "D ALEIGH is said to have been a member of the Middle Temple, but this is merely traditional; and as he de- clared at his trial that he had never read a word of law until he entered the Tower, it is believed that he had no connection with the Temple as a student, although he might have lived there before he took possession of Durham House, which was his town residence for twenty years. It stood between the Strand and the Thames ; the Adelphi Terrace was built upon its river front, and Durham Street perpetu- ates its name. It was taken from him on the accession of James. Durham House was a noble palace. After he [Raleigh] came to his greatness he lived there, or in some apartments of it. I well remember his study, which was on a little turret ^ui^rgy's that looked into and over the Thames, and had the Lives of Eminent prospect which is as pleasant, perhaps, as any in the Persons : world, and which not only refreshes the eie-sight, but ° cheers the spirit (and to speak my mind) I believe enlarges an ingeniose man's thouirhts. o^ Two old houses at Islington, which were standing at the beginning of the present century, had traditional associa- tions with Raleigh. These were the Queen's Head Tavern, marked by Queen's Head Lane, Islington, and the Pied Bull. The old Queen's Head ha.s been coupled with the name of Sir Walter Raleigh, who is said, if not to have built, at Lg^yj^'s least to have patronized and frequented, the house ; ^1?*^°^'^^'^ and from the circumstance of his having in the thir- vol. iv. tieth year of Elizabeth's reign [1588] obtained a patent ^ ' to make lycenses for keepuig of taverns and retailing of wynes 250 SIR WALTER RALEIGH. [1552-1618. throughoul Euglande,' further conjecture has been luuurded that this was one of the houses so licensed by him, and that the sign of the Queen's head was adopted in compliment to his Royal Mistress. A Queen's Head Tavern, built in 1830, stood in 1885 in Essex Road, on the corner of Queen's Head Street, Isling- ton, on the site of Raleigh's house. On the west side of Chureli Row, near Islington Green, at the corner of a footway (now closed up by new houses) leading g. . .^ into the Back Road, was recently standing [1829] the Loiidoiiiaua, Pied Bull Inn. This was originally a country villa, erected probably a few years previous to the decease of Queen Elizabeth ; and, according to a long-current tradition, it was once the residence of the brave Sir Walter Raleigh. The present tenant [1740] of the Pied Bull Inn affirms that his landlord was possessed of some old account books, by which j^jj,^ ^j, it appears, beyond all doubt, this house and fourteen Raieigb, acres of land now let at about £ 70 per annum, did All on London, belong to Sir Walter Raleigh, and that the oldest man in this parish would often declare that his father had told him Sir Walter proposed to wall in that ground with intention to keep some of his horses therein. According to the parish records, *a manservant of Sir Walter Raylie from Mile End' was buried in Stepney Church, August 25, 159G, from which it is inferred that Raleigh lived at that time in the parish. Raleigh's first experiences of the Tower were in 1592, when he incurred the displeasure of Elizabeth by his devo- tion to one of her ladies of honor, Elizabeth Throgmorton, whom he afterwards married. After the death of the Virgin Queen in 1603 he was sent to the Tower by her successor, where he was confined for twelve years. Lady Raleigh was permitted to share her husband's imprisonment for some time ; and here, in 1 G05, their son Carew was born. Raleigh is thought to have occupied the second and third stories of 1552-1618.] SIR WALTER RALEIGH. 251 the Beauchamp Tower, and to have been confined in the Bloody Tower and the Garden House. Here he studied chemistry, and discovered the cordial to which his name was attached ; wrote several works upon different subjects ; and published, in 1G14, his 'History of the World.' Raleigh passed the night before his execution in the Gate House, Westminster (see Burke). A cousin of his coming to see him, Sir Walter, finding him sad, began to be very pleasant with him, whereupon Mr. Thynne counselled him : ' Sir, take lieed you goe not too muche upon the brave hande, for your enemies will LifJof ^^ ^ take exceptions at that.' ' Good Charles,' quoth he, ^q/®'^''' ' give me leave to be merry for this is the last merri- ment that ever I shall have in this worlde, but when I come to the last parte, thou shalte see I will looke on it like a man,' and so he was as good as his worde. He was beheaded in Old Palace Yard on the 29th of Octo- ber (Old Style), 1G18. Thomas Birch, in a sketch of Raleigh, prefixing an edition of his works, published by Dodsley at the Tully's Head in Pall Mall in 1751 (see Akenside,p. 11), gives the following account of his execution : — Then, having put off his Gown and Doublet, he called to the Executioner to shew him the Axe ; which not being presently done, he said : ' / prytlie let me see it. Dost thou think that I am afraid of it ? ' And having it in his Hands he felt along the Edge of it, and smiling said to the Sheriff, ' This is a Sharp Medi- cine, hut it is a Physician for all Diseases.' Then going too and fro on every side of the Scaft'old he desired the Company to pray to God to assist him, and strengthen him. The Executioner, kneeling down and asking his Forgiveness, Sir Walter, laying his Hand upon his Shoulder gi-anted it ; and being ask't which Way he would lay himself on the Block, he answer'd, ' So the Heart be right it is no matter which Way the Head lies.' As he stoop'd to lay himself along, and reclin'd his Head, his Face being towards the East, the Executioner spread his own Cloak under him. After a little Pause he gave the Sign that he was ready for the 252 SAMUEL RICHARDSON. [1689-1761. Stroke, by lifting up his Huml, uud his Head was struck oil' Ly two Blows, his Body never shrinking nor moving. His Head was shewn on each Side of the Scaffold, and then put into a red Leather Bag, and with his Velvet Night Gown thiown over, was afterwards conveyed away in a Mourning Coach of his Lady's. His Body was interred in the Chancel of St. Margaret's Church in Westminster, but his Head was long preserv'd in a case by his Widow, who surviv'd him twenty-nine years, and after her Death by his Son Carew, with whom it is said to have been buried at West Horsley in Surrey. Seeing a dim light in St. Margaret's Church near by, I entered the old temple, and found the boys of the choir at their rehearsal, ■William and presently observed on the wall a brass plate which En''irsi'f announces that Sir Walter Raleigh was buried here in Kambies : the chancel after being decapitated for high-treason in Old . Churches of the Palace Yard outside. Such things are the sur- prises of this historical capital, — the exceeding great reward of the wanderei''s devotion. This inscription begs the reader to remember Raleigh's virtues as well as his faults, — a plea, surely, that every man might well wish should be made for him at last. ". . . This church [St. Margaret's, Westminster] con- tains a window commemorative of Raleigh, presented by Americans, and inscribed with these lines by Lowell : — ' The New World's Sons, from England's breast we drew Such milk as bids remember whence we came ; Proud of her past, wherefrom our future grew, This window we inscribe with Raleigh's name.' SAMUEL EICHAPtDSON. 1689-1761. A LTHOUGH it is not recorded in the earlier biogra- "^"^ phies of Richardson, and although, strangely enough, he does not mention the fact himself, in the autobiographical 1689-1761.] SAMUEL RICHARDSON. 253 fragment contained in one of his published letters, Richard- son was a pupil of Christ-Hospital (see Coleridge, p. 57). His name is to be found in the list of distinguished ' Blues ' in Staunton's 'Great Schools of England.' He received here ' only common school learning ; ' and at the age of six- teen, by his own choice, he was apprenticed to Mr. John Wilde, of Stationers' Hall, a printer, with whom he served seven years. After the expiration of his time he worked as a compositor for five or six years, wdien he opened an estab- lishment of his own in the centre, and later in the north- west corner, of Salisbury Court, afterwards Salisbury Square, Fleet Street, where he lived and transacted business for many years, keeping his office there even after he moved to more quiet homes in the suburbs of the West End of London. The Square retains now none of the features familiar to the novelist, or to Johnson, Hogarth, and the worthies who were so often his guests there. In town [1755] he took a range of old houses, eight in number, which he pulled down, and built an extensive and commodious range of warehouses and printing-offices. It was still in Salisbury Court, in the northwest corner, but it ^[^'^fij'!^"' is at present [1802] concealed by other houses from Life of common observation. The dwelling-house, it seems, was neither so large nor so airy as the one he quitted.; and therefore the reader will not be so ready, probably, as Mr. Rich- ardson seems to have been, in accusing his wife of perverseness in not liking the new habitation as well as the old. 'Every- body ' (he says) ' is more pleased %vith M-hat I have done than my wife.' Portions of 'Sir Charles Grandison' are believed to have been written in Lovell's Court, opening from No. 1 9 Pater- noster Row, which in later years was devoted entirely to the printing, binding, and publishing of books. 254 SAMUEL IIICIIAKDSON. [1689-1761. While the celebrated Richardson,- the author of ' Grandison,' ' Clarissa,' etc., was living, a Mr. Alderman Brydges had a dwell- „ .,, , in2;-house and handsome garden in this court, which Aiitiiiuariaii liaving the convenient'v of an alcove, Richardson, as a Loiulon!' friend to the alderman, is said to have written several of his works in this retired spot. The garden has been built up and considerably retrenched during some years past. No trace of any garden in LovcU's Court remains. Kichardson's first country home was Selby House, after- wards called The Grange, at North End, Hammersmith. It had been divided into two mansions even in Richardson's time, one of which in 1885 was occupied by the artist Edward Burne-Jones ; and it stood on the east side of what had lately been called West Kensington Road, opposite Grove Terrace, and between Hammersmith Road and Edith Villas. The house in 1885 was little changed, and much of Rich- ardson's garden was left intact. He lived in a kind of flower-garden of ladies. . . . He had generally a number of young ladies at his house, whom he used to engage in conversation on some subject of sen- bauid's*'' timent, and provoke, by artful opposition, to display rV^i- the treasures of intellect they possessed. . . . He used to write in a little sunnner-house or grotto [at North End], as it was called, within his garden, before the family were up ; and Avhen they met at breakfast he communicated the progress of his storj'', which by that means had every day a fresh and lively interest. ... In the middle of the garden, over against the house, we came to a kind of grotto, where we rested oui'selves. It was on this seat, Mr. Le Fevre told me, that ' Pamela,' ' Clarissa,' and ' Grandison ' received their birth ; I kissed the inkhorn on the side of it. In 1755 he removed to Parson's Green, Fulham. On the site of the house which terminates Pitt's Place [Parson's Green], and which is now [1816] occupied as an academy by Dr. Taylor, stood an ancient mansion whicli formerly belonged to Sir Edward Saunders in 1682. The building, which was of a SAMUEL nOGERS. 1763^1855.] SAMUEL ROGERS. 255 venerable character, and had in front a porch with seats on either side, was rendered interesting as having afforded a resi- dence to Samuel Richardson, the celebrated novelist. London and Mr. Richardson removed hither from North End in ™'^^^®^''' 1755, and is said to have here written his novel of * Clarissa Harlowe ; ' but that work was really published in 1748. The house stood on the south side of, and directly facing, Parson's Green, between Peterborough House (on the east) and Cromwell Lodge (on the west). On the site of its garden stood, in 1885, Albyn House and the Duke's Head Tavern. No trace of it is left, and the character of the Green has entirely changed. Richardson died of apoplexy, July 4, 1761, in this house in Parson's Green, and was buried, at his own request, by the side of his first wife, in the Church of St. Bride, in Fleet Street. A large stone in the pavement of the mid- dle aisle, near the centre of the church, and by the side of the pews numbered 12 and 13 in 1885, records the fact that he lies beneath it. The parish, during the century or more that has elapsed since his death, has not had interest enough in the Father of the English Novel to erect a tablet to his memory ; and the stone above him, placed there by the loving hands of his family, is concealed from the public by the coarse matting that generally covers it. SAMUEL ROGEES. 1763-1855. A LTHOUGH Rogers was a thorough Londoner, his homes '^^ in the metropolis were very few. He was born at Newington Green in 1763. 256 SAMUEL ROGERS. [1763-1855. [Newington Green] is built round with houses evidently of a consideraljle aj^'c. There are trees and (quietness about it still AVilliam [1845]. lu the centre of the south side is an old house, H.iwitt's standing back, which is said to have been inhabited by HiiiiH's and 1 u.iuiitsof Henry VIII. At the end next to Stoke Newington Poets : stands an old Presbyterian chapel, at which the cele- Rogers. brated Dr. Price preached, and of which afterwards the husband of Mrs. Barbauld was minister. Near this chapel De Foe was educated. In this Green lived, too, Mary WoU- stonecraft, being engaged with another lady in keeping school. Samuel Rogers was born in the stuccoed house at the southwest corner, which is much older than it seems. Adjoining it is a large old garden. . . , Rogers was born in the first house that presents itself Islington, on the west side [of Newington Greeni, proceeding chap. vii. f T, 11, -p 1 p. 321, note, from Ball s Pond. This house is no longer standing ; a row of new brick shops occupies its site, — almost the only modern innovation in 188.5 in the old-fashioned, respectable, substantial squai'e. The Green itself was still enclosed by an old wooden paling, and few of its surrounding houses bear date later than the early part of the present century. In 1792, while living here, Rogers published his 'Pleas- ures of Memory.' He left this neighborhood about the year 1795, when he took chambers in the Temple, which he occupied for five years. Rogers, like the elder D'Israeli, aspired to lay his youth- ful poems at the feet of Dr. Johnson, and went to Bolt Court, a few years before the old man's death, for that purpose ; but he got no further than the door, the first blow of the knocker sending him and his companion out of the neighborhood of the Lion in a panic from which they did not recover until they were well up the Strand. After leaving the Temple, Rogers lodged for a short time in Princes Street, Hanover Square ; but he took possession 1763-1855.] SAMUEL KOGERS. 257 of the famous house No. 22 St. James's Place, St. James's Street, iu 1800, where he lived for more than half a century, aud where he gathered about him the brightest intellects of his time. "What a delightful house it is ! It looks out on the Green Park just at the most pleasant point. The furnitiu-e has been selected with a delicacy of taste quite unique. Its value does ^^.^.^ ^^^ not depend on fashion, but must be the same while the Letiers of 11,. Til- Lord Macau- fine arts are held in any esteem. In the drawing- lay, vol i. room, for example, the chimney-pieces are carved by *^ ^^*" "' Flaxman into the most beautiful Grecian forms. The bookcase is painted by Stothard, iu his very best manner, with groups from Chaucer, Shakspere, and Boccaccio. The pictures are not nu- merous, but every one is excellent. The most remarkable object in the dining-room is, I think, a cast of Pope, taken after death by Roubilliac. I forgot who introduced me to Mr. Rogers in the year 1820. He lived then, and until his death, in St. James's Place. It was not in a wide street, but it looked on to the Green p,.oy(^r.g Park. Upon the whole, I never saw any house so Rei=oU«c- tastefully fitted up and decorated. Everything was Men of good of its kind, and in good order. There was no plethora, no appearance of display, no sign of superfluous wealth. . . . His breakfast-table was perfect in all respects. There was not too much of anything ; not even, too much welcome, yet no lack of it. Rogers is silent, and, it is said, severe. When he does talk he talks well, and on all subjects of taste his delicacy of expression is pure as his poetr3^ If you enter his house, his drawing-room, his library, you of yourself say this is ar^Nov. ^ not the dwelling of a common mind. There is not a ^f- ^^^f '• o _ Moore s gem, a coin, a book thrown aside on the chimney-piece. Life of his sofa, his table, that does not bespeak an almost fastidious elegance iu the possessor. But this very delicacy must be the misery of his existence. Oh, the jarriugs his disposition must have encountered through life ! 24 258 NICHOLAS ROWE. [1673-1718. Rogers died in St. James's Place, December 18, 1855. His house — No. 22, a charming residence — was unchanged in 1885, and unmarked by any tablet, altiiough, with the exception of Holland House (sec Addison, p. 3), it is perhaps the most interesting in London, on account of its literary associations. The tomb of Eogers is in the northeast corner of Hornsey Churchyard. Rogers was a member of Bobus Smith's * King of Clubs,' which met at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, Strand, ' extend- ing from Arundel Street eastward to Milford Lane, in the rear of the south side of the Strand ' (see Johnson, p. 170). The Whittington Club, No. 37 Arundel Street, was after- wards built upon its site (see Jerrold, p. 155). He was also one of the early members of the Athenaeum, built on the site of the Courtyard of Carlton House, Waterloo Place, and Pall Mall. NICHOLAS ROWE. 1673-1718. "DOWE is said to have received his early education at -'-^ the Highgate Grammar School (see Coleridge, p. 59), and is known to have been a pupil of Dr. Busby at West- minster School (see Churchill, p. 51), where he was chosen King's Scholar in 1685. In 1689 he was entered as a student in the Middle Temple. But little is recorded of his life in London, except that in his later years he lived in King Street, Covent Garden, where he died. Rowe died the 16th of December, 1718, in the forty-fifth year of his age, and was buried the 19th of the same month in West- NICUOLAS ROWE. 1696-97-1743.] RICHARD SAVAGE. 259 minster Abbey, in the aisle where many of our English poets are interred, over against Chaucer ; his body being attended ^^ ^^^_ bv a select number of his friends, and the Dean and wood's Life choir officiating at his funeral. Rowe frequented, among others, the Cocoa Tree Tavern, No. 64 St. James's Street. The anecdotes connected with the Cocoa Tree when it was really the 'Wits' Coffee House' would fill a volume. One of them may be quoted here. Dr. Garth, who used often •' ^ . . • ii Old and to appear there, was sittmg one mormng in tne New Lon- coffee-room, conversing with two persons of ' quality,' ^1,'^'^, "xiii.'^' when the poet Rowe, who wa.s seldom very attentive to his dress and appearance, though fond of being noticed by great people, entei'ed the door. Placing himself in a box nearly opposite to that in which the Doctor sat, Rowe looked constantly round with a view to catch his eye ; but not succeeding, he desired the waiter to ask him for the loan of his snuff-box, which he knew to be a valuable one, set with diamonds, and the gift of royalty. After taking a pinch he returned it, but again asked for it so re- peatedly that Garth, who knew him well, and saw through his purpose, took out a pencil and wrote on the lid two Greek charac- ters, and P, — ' Fie ! Rowe ! ' The poet's vanity was mortified, and he left the house. RICHAED SAVAGE. 1696-97-1743. "p ICHARD SAVAGE was born in Fox Court, Holborn, ■'■^ January 16, 1696-97, and was baptized on the 18th of the same month by the rector of St. Andrew's Church, Holborn, as Richard Smith. Such was the beginning of the life of Richard Savage. Born with a legal claim to honor and to affluence, he was in two months 260 RICHARD SAVAGE. [1696-97-1743. illegitimated by the parliament, and disowned by hi.s mother, doomed to poverty and obscurity, and launched upon Livcs^of Uie the ocean of life only that he might be swallowed by Saw'e. its quicksands or dashed upon its rocks. In 1885 the west end of Fox Court near Gray's Inn Road was torn down; but nearer Brooke Street were still standing many miserable, wretched tenements, two centuries old, in any one of which the cruel mother might have given life to her unhappy son. The site of the shoemaker's, stall in Ilolborn, where Savage worked as a youth, is unknown, nor is there any record as to where he lodged or lived. Savage first met Johnson at Cave's, in St. John's Gate (see Johnson, p. 157) ; and a favorite tavern of his was the Cross Keys, in that neighborhood. It stood on the east side of St. John's Street, opposite the entrance of St. John's Lane, and fjicing the Gate. A modern Cross Keys Inn at Nos. 16 and 18 St. John's Street has been erected on its site. He frequented the Crown in King Street, Cheapside, which has disappeared, and in 1727 he went to Button's (see Addison, p. 6) to receive the seventy guineas which were subscribed by a number of gentlemen for his relief from distress. He is then believed to have been lodging some- where in Westminster. Of ' Robinson's Coffee House, near Charing Cross,' in which occurred the unfortunate broil which brought great subse- quent trouble to Savage, there is no trace now. Johnson gives the following account of the affair : — Merchant, with some rudeness, demanded a room, and was told ' that there was a good fire in the next parlor, which the company were about to leave, being then paying their reckoning. Mer- chant, not satisfied with this answer, rushed into the room and was followed by his companions. He then petulantly placed himself between the company and the fire, and soon afterwards 1771-1832.] SIR WALTER SCOTT. 261 kicked down the table. This produced a quarrel ; swords Avere drawn on both sides, and one, Mr. James Sinclair, was killed. Savage, having likewise wounded a maid that held him, forced his way with Merchant out of the house. They were committed to the Gate House at Westminster (see BuKKE, p. 27), and afterwards to Newgate, aud were tried at the Old Bailey. Savage was sentenced to death, but subsequently pardoned. What became of the petulant Mr. Merchant, who was convicted of manslaughter only, is not known. . Savage was familiar with all the disreputable taverns of his day, and was to be seen, too, in some of the moi'e re- fined resorts. One of his experiences with Steele is thus described : — Almost adjoining and to the east of Apsley House, formerly stood a noted inn, the Pillars of Hercules. . . . The space be- tween the Pillars of Hercules and Hamilton Place [Hyde Park Corner] was formerly occupied by a row London, of mean houses, one of which was a public house p'-Jjeadiiiy. called the Triumphant Chariot. This was in all prob- ability the 'petty tavern' to which the unfortunate Richard Savage was conducted by Sir Richard Steele, on the occasion ot their being closeted together for a whole day composing a hurried pamphlet which they had to sell for two guineas before they could pay for their dinner. SIE WALTER SCOTT, 1771-1832. OCOTT, on one of his earliest visits to London, in 1803, ^ wrote to Ballantyne from ' 15 Piccadilly, AVest,' the house of Charles Dumergue, surgeon dentist to the Royal Family. 262 SIR WALTER SCOTT. [1771-1832. Lockiiarfs I sbould not oiuit to say that Scott was attended on Life of Scott. |.jjjg |.j.jp ^y ^ gjjg ijy^j tcmer named Camp. Piccadilly has been renumbered. The Dumergues lived in the house afterwards No. 96 Piccadilly, corner of White- horse Street, which was unchanged in 1885 ;^® and this was Scott's usual abiding-place in town until his daughter Mrs. Lockhart had a house of her own at No. 24 Sussex Place, fronting lleirent's Park, between Hanover Gate and Clarence Gate, to which to invite hira. During the sojourn [in London] of 1809 the homage paid Scott would have turneAl the head of any less gifted man of emi- nence. It neither altered his opinions nor produced Lockhart's .»,..., , Scott, vol. i. the affectation of despising it ; on the contrary, he re- ceived it, cultivated it, and repaid it in his own coin. ' All this is very flattering,' he would say, ' and very civil ; and if people are amused with hearing me tell a parcel of old stories, or recite a pack of ballads to lovely young girls and gap- ing matrons, they are easily pleased, and a man would be very ill-natured who would not give pleasure so cheaply conferred.' In 1826 Scott was lodging at No. 25 Pall Mall, when he wrote in his Diary : — Oct. 17. — Here I am in this capital once more, after an April meeting with my daughter and Lockhart. Too much Scott vol.^ grief in our first meeting to be joyful, too much ii. chap. pleasure to be distressing ; a giddy sensation between the painful and the pleasurable. . . . Oct. 23. — Sam Rogers and Moore breakfasted here, and we were very merry fellows. This house, on the north side of Pall Mall, between John Street and Waterloo Place, has been relmilt. Scott, in his occasional visits to London, was to be found in all the best houses and in the most enjoyable society. He breakfasted with Rogers in St. James's Place (see Rogers, p. 258), frequented the shop of Mr. Murray, No. 50 SIR WALTER SCOTT. 1771-1832.] SIR WALTER SCOTT. 263 A, Albemarle Street, where he first met Byron, in 1815 (see Byron, p. 34), and was welcome at the clubs. During the later years of his life he stopped at the Waterloo Hotel, Nos. 85 and 86 Jermyn Street ; at Long's, No. 16 New Bond Street, where he had his last meeting with Byron (see Byron, p. 34), both unchanged in 1885 ; '' and at the St. James Hotel, No. 76 Jermyn Street, on the south side between Bury and Duke Streets, since a Turkish Bath Establishment, from whence in 1832 he was taken to Abbotsford to die. When I saw Sir Walter [Dr. Ferguson writes], he was lying in the second-floor back room of the St. James Hotel ni Jermyn Street, in a state of stupor from which, however, he could be roused for a moment by being addressed. . . . scott. Vol. I think I never saw anything more magnificent than ^y^f^^'' the symmetry of his colossal bust, as he lay on the pillow with his chest and neck exposed. ... At length his con- stant yearning to return to Abbotsford induced his physicians to consent to his removal ; and the moment this was notified to him it seemed to infuse new vigor into his frame. The St. James Hotel, No. 76 [Jermyn Street[|, on the south side, was the last London lodging of Sir Walter Scott. Here he lay for a period of three weeks after his return from ^ the Continent, either in absolute stupor or in a wak- ham's Hand- ing dream. The room he occupied was the second- London : floor back room ; and the author of this collection of gt^eet." London memoranda delights in remembering the uni- versal feeling of sympathy exhibited by all (and there were many) who stood to see the great novelist and poet carried from the hotel to his carriage on the afternoon of the 7th of July, 18.32. Many were eager to see so great a man ; but all mere curiosity seemed to cease when they saw the vacant eye and prostrate figure of the illustrious poet. There was not a covered head, and the writer believes — from what he could see — hardly a dry eye, on the occasion. 264 WILLIAM SlIAKSPERE. [1564-1616. « THOMAS SHADWELL. Circa 1640-1692. T ITTLE more is known of the London life of William the ■*— ' Third's Poet Laureate than that he was a member of the Middle Temple, lived at one time in Salisbury Court, now Salisbury Square, Fleet Street (see Richardson, p. 253), and in Church Lane, afterwards Church Street, Chelsea, where he died. He was buried in St. Luke's Church, Chelsea ; but no tablet records the fact, and his grave is unknown. Mr. Shadwell died the 19th December, 1692, in the fifty^ „., . , second year of his age, as we are informed by the in- Lives of scription upon his monument at Westminster Abbev, the Poets . . vol. iii.: ' although there may be some mistake in that date, for '"^ "'^ • it is said in the titlepage of his funeral sermon, preached by Dr. Nicholas Brady, that he was interred in Chelsea on the 24th November of that year. WILLIAM SHAKSPERE. 1564-1616. OHAKSPERE left Stratford-on-Avon for London about "^ 15S5, when, according to tradition, he became con- nected in some way with one of the then existing theatres, perhaps holding the horses of the gentlemen who patronized the Red Bull, in Red Bull Yard, now Woodbridge Street, St. .John's Street, Clerkenwell (see Davenant, p. 75). He was. 1564-1616.] WILLL/VM SHAKSPEKE. 265 however, more likely a player at the Blackfriars House, which was built in 1576, upon the ground now called Play House Yard, Ludgate Hill, and the site of which, according to Doran, ' is occupied by Apothecaries' Hall [No. 84 Water Lane, between Carter Lane and Play House Yai'd] and some adjacent buildings.' The theatre was restored twenty years later, when Shakspere and Burbage were interested in its management, but was destroyed during the Commonwealth and never rebuilt. That Shakspere was afterwards a householder in the neighborhood of the Blackfriars Theatre, there is no ques- tion. In the Guildhall Library is preserved the original deed of conveyance of a house bought by him and described as ' abutting upon a streete leading down to Puddle Wharffe on the east part right against the King's Maiesty's Ward- robe.' This property in his will he bequeathed and devised unto his daughter Susannah Hall. Major James Walter, in his ' Shakspere's Home and Rural Life ' (page 70), says : *A house is [1874], or was till lately, pointed out near St. Andrew's Church as having been that which belonged to Shakspere ; but this is only a matter of popular tradition.' The Church of St. Andrew-by-the- Wardrobe, built by Wren after the Great Fire, and, of course, of later date than Shakspere's time, stood in 1885 in the modern Queen Victoria Street, between St. Andrew's Hill and Wardrobe Terrace. Wardrobe Place, Church Entry, Ireland Yard, and Play House Yard still perpetuate the memory of this part of Blackfriars as it was in Shakspere's day ; but everything else is changed. In 1885, around the wretched and forsaken burial-place, which is all that is left of St. Anne's Church, Carter Lane, — destroyed in the Great Fire, and never rebuilt, — was a fragment of stone wall, probably the only stones left standing in that parish which Shakspere may have seen. 266 WILLIAM SIIAKSPERE. [1564-1616. Ireland Yard is believed to have been so called from the "William Ireland mentioned in this deed of Shakspere's house as ' being now or later in the tenure or occupation of it.' Shakspere, early in his London career, was associated with the Globe Theatre on the Bankside, which was built in 1594, and was under the management of the same company as the Blackfriai-s, but on the other side of the Thames and not far from the southern end of Old London Bridge. It was used as a sort of suburban or summer theatre until it was destroyed by fire in 1613. Maps and plans of Old London show it to have stood in the yard of the Globe Tavern, which was approached by Globe Alley, an offshoot of Maid Lane, after- wards New Park Street. Its exact site seems to have been in the establishment of the famous Brewery of Barclay and Perkins, and directly behind the houses which in 1885 were numbered 13, 15, and 17 Southwark Bridge Road, standing on the east side of that thoroughfare, nearly opposite Sum- ner Street. Globe Alley, Deadman's Place, and a number of other streets and lanes often trod by Shakspere have been entirely demolished in the frequent extensions of the premi- ses of the great firm of brewers (see Johnson, p. 163). Knight, in his ' London,' says that Shakspere lived as late as 1609 in the street since known as Clink Street, South- wark. In 1885 it extended from St. Mary Overy's Wharf to Bankend and the railway-crossing. Malone believes his Southwark abiding-place to have been ' near the Bear Gai-- dens in the liberty of the Bishop of Winchester,' just west of Winchester Park, the site of which is now marked V)y Winchester Street and Winchester Yard. The Bear Gar- dens in 1885 was a short street running from No. 27 Bank- side to No. 58 Park Street, between the Southwark Bridge Crossing and Emerson Street. This was on the exact site of the Bear Gardens existing during the reigns of the Tudors WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. 1564-1616.] WILLIAM SHAKSPERE. 267 and. the Stuarts, as is shown by comparison with old maps and plans of Sonthwark. It is composed of modern build- ings, and its character is entirely changed. It contained in 1885 a White Bear Inn. As for the baiting of bulls and bears, they are to this day much frequented, namely, in Bear Gardens on the Bankside, wherein be prepared scaffolds for beholders to stand „^ , Stows upon. . . . Now to return to the west bank there be Survey of two bear gardens, the old and new places, wherein be EdiUon'of kept bears, bulls and other beasts to be baited, as also ^^**^- mastiffs, in several kenels, nourished to bait them. These bears and other beasts are then baited in plots of ground, scaffolded about for the beholder to stand safe. Slender. Why do your dogs bark so ? Be there bears i' the town? Anne. I think there are, sir ; I heard them talked of. Slender. I love the sport well, but I shall as soon Merry . « . Wives of quarrel at it as any man in England. You are afraid Windsor, if you see the bear loose, are you not 1 geeuc i. Anne. Ay, indeed, sir. Slender. That 's meat and drink to me now. Clifford. Are these thy bears 1 We '11 bait thy bears to death, And manacle the bear-ward in their chains, 2 Henry VI. If thou dar'st brin" them to the baiting-place. act v. scene X> Richmond. Oft have I seen a hot o'erweening cur Run liack and bite because he was withheld. Who, being suffer'd with the bear's fell paw. Hath clapp'd his tail between his legs, and cried. Edmond Shakspere, a brother of the bard, and an actor at the Globe, shared, perhaps, his Bankside home. The Parochial Monthly Accounts of St. Saviour's, Sonthwark (see Fletcher, p. 107), still preserved, contain in the proper place the following entry : ' 1607. December 31st; Edmond Shakspere, a player, buried in the church, with a forenoone knell of the great bell.' His grave is unknown, although a 25 268 WILLIAM .SHAKSPERE. P56i-1G16. few years ago, upon a stone in the pavement of the choir of the old church, were engraven liis name and the date of his death. The connection of William Shakspere with South wark is one of the most unquestionable facts in his liiography. His brother, loftie's '''^ ^^'^ liavc seen, was buried iu the church. His thea- Historyof tre was the * Gloabe uiwu Banckside.' Close to it, Londou, , , 1 T-. vol. i. but rather more to the westward, was the Rose, another ap- X. theatre. A little further in the same direction was two ' pitts ' for bear-baiting and bull-baiting ; and the locality is .still [1883], or was very lately, known as the Bear Gardens, and is so marked on many maps. Another old name still extant is that of the Falcon Dock, close to which stood the Falcon Tavern, which is said to have been patronized by Shakspere and his com- pany. Paris Garden was exactly on the spot now covered by the southern approaches of Blackfriars Bridge. If the modern vis- itor, therefore, wishes to identify the place where Shakspere played, he cannot do better than take the train from Charing Cross to Cannon Street, and when he has crossed the line of the Chatham and Dover Railway, he is in the classical region of Bankside. Looking towards the river he will see St. Peter's Church, immediately beyond which, a little to the right, were the bull and bear pits. The train then crosses the Southwark Bridge Road, on the right-hand side of which, looking from the railway, is Barclay and Perkins' Brewery. It covers the site not only of the Globe, but also of the Rose, the Hope, and various other places of a similar kind, which existed here from before Shakspere's time vmtil all theatres were abolished by the Commonwealth. In 1598 one William Shakspere was assessed five pounds on a house in the parish of St. Helen's, Bishopsgate Street, which he is believed to have occupied himself. There is no certainty that this was the Shakspere, although he was unquestionably f\\miliar with that neighborhood, and with the adjacent Crosby Hall, the most important house in the parish, which has carefully been restored and is an inter- esting specimen of the domestic architecture of the fifteenth 1561-Wlt).] WILLIAM SlLUvSPERE. 269 century (see More, p. 223). It figures in Shakspere's ' Richard III.' as Crosby Place : ' At Crosby Place, then, shall you find us both.' In Shakspere's day it was occu- pied by the mother of his friend Pembroke, who, as the subject of all verse, is not unlikely to have entertained there the ajij^lause, delight, the wonder of our stage, the soul of the age in which she lived (see Sydney). Then have you one great house called Crosby Place, because the same was built by Sir John Crosby, grocer and woolman. . . , The house he built of stone and timber, very large and gto^-g beautiful and the his^hest at that time in London Survey of , London, ri466]. . . . Richaz'd, Duke of Gloucester, and Lord Edition of 1598 Protector, afterwards King, by the name of Richard IIL, was lodged in this house. . . . From this Crosby Place up to Leaden Hall Corner, and so down Grass Street, amongst other tenements are divers fair and large built houses for merchants and such like. Crosby Place, or Hall, the Church of St. Saviour, where it is to be supposed, naturally, that he was present at the burial of his brother ; and Middle Temple Hall, where 'Twelfth Night* is known to have been produced in 1601, when Shakspere was probably an on-looker or director, — are the only buildings still standing in London which are in any way — and even these only by inference — asso- ciated with him. Venerable Hall of the Middle Temple, thou art to our eyes more stately and more to be admired since we looked upon that entry upon the Table Book of John Manningham ! pj-gface to The Globe has perished, and so has the Blackfriars. knight's mi 1 p 1 i> 1 Pictorial The works of the poet who made the names of these Edition of frail buildings immortal need no association to rec- ommend them, but it is yet pleasant to know that there is one locality remaining where a play of Shakspere's was listened to by his contemporaries, and that play ' Twelfth Night.' 270 WILLIAM SIIAKSPERE. [1564-1616. Feb. IGOl. — At our feast we bad a play called 'Twelfth Night, or What you will,' much like the 'Comedy of Errors,' or Templar's ' ^lenochuii ' in Plautus but most like and neere to ^'•I'T; that in Italian called ' Inganni.' A good practise in it MS. British to make the steward believe his lady-widdowe was in *"■ love with liini by counterfayting a letter as from his lady, in generall termes telling him what shee liked best in him and prescribing his gestures inscribing his apparaile, &c. and then when he came to practise, making him believe they tooke him to be mad. During his Loudon life Shakspere is believed to have been a frequenter of the Mermaid Tavern, which stood on the south side of Cheapside, between Bread and Friday Streets, and where he is said to have had his conflicts of wit with Ben Jonson (see Jonson, p. 17G); and tradition asso- ciates his name with the Falcon Tavern, taken down in 1808. Its site, until lately, was occupied by the Falcon Glass Works at the end of Holland Street, Southwark, oppo- site the Falcon Drawing Dock ; and its name still lives in Falcon Docks and Falcon Wharf, ISTos. 79 and 80 Bankside. Another tavern certainly known to Shakspere was the Boar's Head, in Eastcheap, the site of which is marked by the statue of William IV. (see Goldsmith, p. 125). It was a favorite tavern of Falstaff and Prince Hal. He also speaks of the White Hart Inn (White Hart Inn Yard, Xo. Gl Borough High Street in 1885): — „ „ „, Hath my sword therefore broke through London 2 Heniy VI., •' act iv. Gates, that you should leave me at the White Hart scene 8. • ci i.i \ i in Southwark s The only letter in existence addressed to Shakspere is now preserved at Stratford-upon-Avon. It was directed by Richard Quyney ' To my loveiug good Ffriend and Countryman, Mr. W™ Shackespere, deliver these,' and was written from the Bell Inn, Bell Inn Yard, Carter Lane, St. PERCY BYSSHE SHKLI.EY. 1792-1822.] PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY. 271 Paul's Churchyard, — a hostelry without doubt well kuowu to Shakspere lumself. A comparatively modern Bell Inu, its direct descendant, stood upon its site in 1885.^° PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY. 1792-1822. OHELLEY saw but littleof London,'^ which was the place neither of his birth nor of his death. He is known to have lived in a hotel in Dover Street, Piccadilly, where one of his children was born;^' to have lodged atone time at IS^o. 90 Great Russell Street (facing the present Bury Street, — the southeast wing of the British Museum was built on the site of this house) ; at one time on the corner of Hastings Street and Marbledown Place, Burton Crescent, Euston Road ; and at 'No. 41 Hans Place, Sloane Street, in a house which has been raised two stories and I'enewed. Later he lived at No. 23 Chapel Street, South Audley Street, in a house also enlarged ; and in 1817 he was an inmate of Hunt's Cottage at Hampstead (see Hunt, p. 148), when Keats was their neighbor. Leigh Hunt was editing the ' Examiner,' and in spite of his two years' imprisonment was still liberal to the Bianehard backbone. For Shelley was with him, talking wild L^feof "^ radicalism at Hampstead, or discussing the destinies pongias *■ / ° Jenold, as the two friends rode into town on the stage. chap. iii. Shelley was married to ]\Lary Wollstonecraft Godwin, December 13, 1816, in St. Mildred's Church, Bread Street, corner of Cannon Street ; and he wooed and won his bride in Old St. Pancras Churchyard, now St. Pancras Gardens, Old St. Pancras Road, Kentish Town, then a quiet peaceful 272 WILLIAM SHENSTONE. [1714-1763. spot, where by her mother's grave (see Godwin', p. 118) Mary was foud of sitting with her book or her work. Of tliis marriage Godwin wrote : — The piece of news, however, I have to tell you, is that I went to churcli with this same tall girl some little Giid« in, )iis time ago to he niurried. Her husband is the eldest c.'mt'cmiu!'-'^ son of Sir Timotliy Shelley, of Field Place, in the nines, vol. ii. (jyunty of Sussex, Baronet ; so that, according' to the ClialJ. IX. '' ' ' ^ 1 vulgar ideas of the world, she is well married, and I have great hopes the young man will make her a good husband. WILLIAM SHENSTONE. 1714-1763. OHENSTONE, at one time, lodged in Jermyn Street ; ^ and in 1740 dated his letters from 'the bouse of Mr. Wintle, Perfumer, near Temple Bar,' probably in Butcher Row (see Lee, p, 196). The greater part of his life was spent in Shropsliire ; his occasional resting-place in town being the George Coffee House, afterwards numbered 213 Strand, near Essex Street, upon the site of which a modern tavern bearing tlie same name has been erected (see Murphy, p. 227). It was at this inn that his ' warmest welcome' was found. In one of his lettei's he says: — What do you think must be my expense, who love to pry into everything of the kind ? Why, truly, one shilling. My company goes to George's Coffee House, where for that small subscription I read all pamphlets under a three-shilling dimension. ^'^'i- f> /I V" RICHARD BRINSLET SHKRIDAN 1751-181(3.] RICH^VRD BRIXSLEY SHERIDAN. 273 RICHAED BEINSLEY SHERIDAN. 1751-1816. T^ THEN- Sheridan and Miss Linley fled to London, they * ^ took refuge in the house of an oilman, at the Hol- born end of Featherstone Buildings. The proprietor was the godfother of Charles Lamb, who relates in the Essay ' My First Play,' how his father and mother were playing quadrille when Sheridan arrived that evening ' with his harmonious charge.' Featherstone Buildings, little changed in 188-5, was opposite the Great Turnstile. Sheridan's first duel with Mathews, interrupted at Hyde Park, near the Hercules' Pillars, an inn just east of the present Apsley House (see Savage, p. 261), was followed by a second at the Castle Tavern in Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, of which no trace remains now. Sheridan was entered a student at the Middle Temple in 1772. In 1773 he and his wife were living in Orchard Street, Portman Square, where he wrote ' The Rivals,' pro- duced iu January, 1775, and 'The Duenna/ brought out in November of the same year. Of his home life almost nothing is known ; and it is only from his own letters and from those addressed to liim, that any hint is found as to his divers places of abode in London. In 1778 his address was Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields; in 1792, Lower Grosvenor Street, New Bond Street; in 1793, No. 10 Hertford Street, Mayfair ;'" in 1804, Somerset Place, Portman Square; in 1810, Queen Street, Mayfair. He died in 1816 at No. 14 Savile Row, Burling- ton Gardens, in the house marked by the tablet of the Society of Arts ; and he is supposed to have lived for a short 274 KICIIARI) BRINSLEY SHERIDAN. [1751-1810. time at No. 17 Saville Row, where half a century hiter was carefully kept a cast of his hand, with the inscription, — » Good at a fight, better at a play, Godlike in giving ; but the Devil to pay.' Sheridan's ghost is believed to haunt a certain upper back room in this house ; and during its occupancy by the Saville Club, the scratching of his pen, it is said, was often heard in the silence of the early morning hours. He was buried from the house of his friend Mi-. Peter Moore, in Great George Street, Westminster, 'in the only spot that remained unoccupied in Poets' Corner.' In 1815 Sheridan was arrested for debt and taken to a ' lock-up house ' in Took's Court, Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane. February 7. — Fox never wrote his speeches, was fond of pre- paring them in travelling, as he said a post-chaise was the best Grevllle Me- place to arrange his thoughts in. Sheridan wrote and moirs, 1836. prepared a great deal, and generally in bed, with his books, pen, and mk on the bed, where he would lie all day. Sheridan's clubs were Brooks's, — still at No. 60 St. James's Street in 1885, — and the Eccentric, which met first in a tavern in Chandos Street, Covent Garden, then at the Crown in Vinegar Yard, Drury Lane, — taken down some years ago, — and later at Tom Rees's, in May's Buildings, where it flourished as late as the middle of the nineteenth century. May's Buildings is a short street connecting St. Martin's Lane with Bedfordbury. Immediately after the brilliant success of ' The Rivals,' Sheridan was proposed by Dr. Johnson himself, and elected, a member of The Club (see Goldsmith, p. 123). He was a frequenter of the Bedford Coffee House, in the Piazza, Covent Garden (see Churchill, p. 51); the One Tun Tavern, in St. James's Market, Jermyii Street, near the Hay- market, and long since taken down ; and, according to 1594-1666.] JAMES SHIRLEY. 275 Moore's Diary, he was in the habit of stopping at the Adam and Eve, opposite Holland House, where he left his bills to be paid by Lord Holland. The Adam and Eve has disappeared ; but a very new structure in the same line of business, and bearing the old name, was erected on its site, in Kensington Eoad, near Shaftesbury House, and opposite Argyll Road. Sheridan occasionally pledged his valuables at the shop of one Harrison, a pawnbroker at No. 95 Wardour Street, renumbered 143 Wardour Street, on the corner of Edward Street, where, in the same old house, the business was still carried on under the same name in 1885. JAMES SHIELEY. 1594-1666. JAMES SHIRLEY, according to Anthony Wood, 'was born in, or near, the parish of St. Mary Woolchurch, where the stocks market now [1G90] is.' This church, which stood on the site of the Mansion House, was destroyed in the Great Fire and never rebuilt. Shirley was educated at the Merchant Taylors' School, which stood on the east side of Suffolk Lane, Upper Thames Street, but was taken down when the school was removed to the Charter House in 1872. He was a member of the Society of Gray's Inn, and lived for some time in Gray's Inn Lane, where he wrote the earliest of his dramatic works. During a portion of the Commonwealth he was a school-teacher somewhere in White- friars, and was living in Fleet Street near the Inner Temple Gate at the close of his life. 276 I'lllLir 8IDXEY. [1551-1587-8. Shirley's house in Fleet Street having been burnt to the ground in the Great Fire of 166f), he was compelled to seek refuge in the Jesse's Lon- »i^ig^»1^>o''"g village of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, whither, don, vol. iii. : however, he retired only to die. As has been already Gray's Inn. • t i t i' i • i mentioned, the loss ol lii.s property, added, probably, to the horrors of the terrible conflagration which he had witnessed, gave such a shock to his constitution that he survived the event scarcely twenty-four hours. Shirley and his wife, who died within a few hours of each other, were buried in one gi-ave in the yard of the Church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields (see Marvell, p. 208). PHILIP SIDNEY. 1554-1587-8. OIDNEY was not a native of London, although his father ^^ and grandf\xther lived in Threadneedle Street, where, no doubt, a portion of his own youth was spent. He has left but few traces of his life in town, except in coui't circles. He was a member of Gray's Inn, and is naturally believed to have been a frequent visitor at Crosby Place in Bishopsgate Street (see Shakspere, p. 269), when it was the residence of * Sidney's' sister, Pembroke's mother,' to whom his ' Arca- dia ' was dedicated, and by whom, after his death, it was published. Sidney was buried in Old St. Paul's Cathedral with no little pomp, his body having previously lain in state in the Minories after its arrival from the field of Zutphen, where his death-wound was received. The wooden monument erected to his memory was of course destroyed, with the cathedral, in the Great Fire. PHIMP SIDNEY. 1775-1849.] JAMES AND HORACE SMITH. 277 The great Sir Philip Sidney, who was publicly buried at St. Paul's Cathedral in 1587, was a brother of the jji(jiioii..g Grocers' Company, and was attended by that livery in Progress of all their formalities, who were preceded by the Lord Elizabeth, Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs ' rydinge in purple.' The Grocers' Hall, damaged in the Great Fire, and after- wards restored, stood in 1885, as it stood in Sidney's day, at the end of Grocers' Hall Court, opposite Xo. 11 Poultry. JAMES SMITH. 1775-1839. HOEACE SMITH. 1779-1849. JAMES and Horace Smith were born at No. 36 Basinghall Street, London Wall, in one of the three or four old- fashioned houses still left iu that old-fashioued street in 1885. It stood in a small court on the east side. James Smith lived for some time at No. 18 Austin Friars, in a house at the end of the lane, also unaltered in 1885. A second James Smith, coming to the place [Austin Friars] after he had been many years a resident there, pro- duced so much confusion to both that the last comer hams Hand- waited on the author and suggested, to prevent further Londo°n : inconvenience, that one or other had better leave, hint- Austin ' Friars. ing at the same time that he should like to stay. ' No,' said the wit, ' I am James tlie First ! You are James the Second ; you must al)dicate.' 26 :278 SYDNEY SMITH. [1771-1845. He spent the last years of liis life at No, 27 Craven Street, Strand, afterwards a private hotel, where he died. He was buried in the neighboring Church of St. Martin-in- the-Fields, For some years before his death he [James Smith] suffered a good deal from gout ; but while hobbling ou his crutches, or being ,, wheeled about in his bath-chair, he retained an almost Memoirs , ' of the youthful buoyancy of mind, referring with glee to the Countess of " , . ' .. ,. ^ . . , , . .... Blessing- merry meetnigs oi lormer times, indulging in Ins pleas- chaii^^xlv" '"^^^ modes of jest and anecdotes, or singing with his nieces from morning to night. He died on the 24th of December, 1839, in his house in Craven Street, as he lived, a merry bachelor, ' with all the calmness of a philosopher,' we are told, but of what school we are left in ignorance. Peace, however, to the ashes of Jiinies Smith, which are deposited in the vault of St. Martin's Church. James Smith was a member of the Atheneeum Club on Pall Mall, the Union Club at the southwest corner of Tra- falgar Square, and the Garrick, which, in his day, stood at No. 35 King Street, Covent Garden, but which in 1864 was removed to No. 15 Garrick Street, Long Acre (see Thackeray). Horace Smith was a member of the London Stock Ex- change. Making a moderate fortune there, he retired to Tuubridge Wells, where he died, and was buried, in 1849. SYDNEY SMITH. 1771-1845. O YDNEY SMITH, who was born at Woodford in Essex, ^^ a few miles from London, established himself in 1804 at No. 8 Doughty Street, Mecklenburgh Square, a house SYDNEY SMITH. 1771-1845.] SYDNEY SMITH. 279 unchanged eighby years later (see Dickens, p. 82), and about the same time was appointed evening preacher to the Found- hng Hospital, where his salary was fifty pounds a year. Two years afterwai'ds he removed to No. 18 Orchard Street, Port man Square, — a two-storied red brick house, still standing in 1885. In this house his means were slightly increased, yet he still remained poor. ... But the pleasantest society at his house was to be found in the Httle suppers which he established ^ ^ „ , .... Lady Hol- once a week ; giving a general invitation to atiout laud's Me- twenty or thirty persons, who used to come as they Rev.^'sydney pleased. ... At these suppers there was no attempt ^"]^^l^ at display, nothing to tempt the palate ; but they were most eagerly sought after, and were I to begin enumerating the guests usually to be found there, no one would wonder that they were so. Here he remained until he left London for Yorkshire in 1809. In 1831 he was appointed to a prebendal stall in St. Paul's Cathedral, and writing to a friend he says : — I have just taken possession of my preferment. The house is in Amen Corner, — an awkward name on a card, and ^ ^^^^ ^^^ an awkward annunciation to the coachman on leaving" Correspond- cncG of Rgv any fashionable mansion. I find too (sweet discov- Sydney ery ! ) that I give a dinner, every Sunday for three ^""*''> ^^^^• months in the year, to six clergymen and six singing-men, at one o'clock. The residences of the Dean and Canons of St. Paul's are still in Amen Court, Amen Corner, Paternoster Row. During Sydney Smith's many visits to London he stayed at Holland House (see Addison, p. 3) ; in Hertford Street, Mayfair ; at No. 20 Savile Row, Burlington Gardens ; at No. 18 Stratford Place, Oxford Street (unchanged ii^ 1885) ; in "Weymouth Street, Portland Place ; etc. Between the 280 TUBLiS SMOLLETT. [17-21-1771. years 1834 and 1839 he occupied the house No. 33 Charles Street, Berkeley Square, next to the corner of Queen Street, when he removed to JVo. 56 Green Street, Grosvenor Square (No. 59 in 188.5), and to this house in 1845 he was brought from Combc-Florey to die. He was buried by his own desire, as quietly as possible, in Kensal Green ; and his wife and son lie there by his side. Those who wish to make a pilgiiniuge to the grave of Sydney'' Smith will be glad to know that they can easily find it by follow- ing the north walk until they are opposite the entrance Reiii's to the Catacombs. Turning to the left at that point, Sythiey they will discover, in the fifth row from the walk, a Smith(i884), raised tomb of Portland stone. . . . With the solitary cliaiJ. XIV. _ ■' exception of a small painted window in the church at Combe-Florey, the grave in Kensal Green is the only memorial to Sydney Smith which England has to show. Smith was a member of the King of Clubs, founded by his brother, which met at the Crown and Anchor in the Strand (see Rogers, p. 258) ; and of The Club (see Gold- smith, p. 123, and Johxsox, p. 1G7), to which he was elected in 1838. TOBIAS SMOLLETT. 1721-1771. OMOLLETT came first to London in 1739, and describes his journey hither in ' Roderick Random,' a novel which is believed to be in a great measure autobiograph- ical. His first settled home was in Downing Street, where in 1744 he was practising, or seeking to practise, as a sur- geon. In 1746 he was in humble lodgings in Curzon 1721-1771.] TOBIAS SMOLLETT. 281 Street, Mayfair; and in 1747 he married and took a more pretentious house, where he hved beyond his means, and wrote ' Roderick Random,' pubhshed by Osborne in Gray's Inn Lane, in 1748. In 1750 he went to Chelsea, where he hved until he left England never to return. His Chelsea home, called Monmouth House, stood at the end of Lawrence Street, at the junction of Upper Cheyne Row, — a large double house, still remembered in the parish, and taken down only a few years ago. His life here is described by himself in ' Humphrey Clinker/ in a letter of Jerry Mulford : — Dick Ivy carried me to dine with S [Smollett], whom you and I have long known by his writings. He lives in the skirts of the town ; and every Sunday his house is open to all unfortunate brothers of the quill, whom he treats with beef, pudding, and potatoes, port, punch, and Calvert's entire butt-beer. ... I was civilly received in a plain yet decent habitation, which opened backwards into a very pleasant garden, kept in excellent order ; and indeed I saw none of the outward signs of authorshij), either in the house or the landlord, who is one of those few writers of the age that stand upon their own foundation, without patronage and above dependence. If there was nothing characteristic in the entertainer, the company made ample amends for his want of singularity. At two o'clock I found myself one of ten messmates at a table ; and I question if the whole kingdom could produce svich another assemblage of originals. . . . After dinner we ad- journed into the garden, where I observed Mr. S gave a short, separate audience to every individual, in a small remote filbert walk, from whence most of them dropped off, one after another, without further ceremony ; but they were replaced by other recruits of the same class, who came to make an afternoon's visit. Monmouth House was the original Lawrence Manor House. Its gardens have entirely disappeared ; the play- grounds of the new Board School covering their site. 282 THOMAS SOUTHERNE. [1660-1746. From internal evidences, and from the dates of publica- tion, ' Humphrey Clinker' and ' Sir Launcelot Greaves' were written in Chelsea. ' Peregrine Pickle ' was ' Printed for the Author at Plato's Head, near Round Court, in the Strand, in 1751,' and was probably written in London. Plato's Head was on the north side of the Strand, nearly opposite Ijuckingham Street. Round Court, which extendeJ back to the present King William Street, disappeared in 1829, when the Strand Improvement Act was carried into effect. Smollett frequented all the coflee-houses of his day, — Tom's, Will's, the Cocoa Tree, etc. (see Addison) ; but his favorite tavern was that to which his fellow-Scotchmen, in their clannish way, were wont to go, — the British Coffee House, in Cockspur Street (still standing in 1885), between Warwick Street and Spring Gardens.^** At Chelsea he was often to be found at Don Saltero's Coffee House, which stood at No. 18 Cheyne Walk, facing the river, and was kept as a public house as late as 1870. It is fully described by Steele in the ' Tatler ' (see Steele). In 1885 it was a private dwelling. THOMAS SOUTHERNE. 1660-1746. OOUTHERNE was a member of the Middle Temple in ^ 1G78, but he has left no traces of his life in London until his later years. In William Oldys's Manuscript Notes to Langbaine is to be found the following description of Southerne ; — 1660-1746.]! THOMAS SOUTHERNE. 283 I remember him a grave and reserved old gentleman. He lived near Coveut Garden, and used to fretj^uent the evening prayers there [at St. Paul's Church], always neat and decently dressed, commonly in black, with his silver sword and silver locks ; but latterly he seemed to reside in Westminster. He [Southerne] was a perfect gentleman ; he did not lounge away his days or nights in coffee-houses or taverns, but after labor cultivated friendship in home circles, where vir- • 1 TT 1 Doran's tue and modest mirth sat at the hearth. . . . He kept Annals of the even tenor of his way, owing no man anything ; yj j ''°^' never allowing his nights to be the marrer of his *^^"*P- ^• mornings ; and at six-and-eighty carrying a bright eye, a steady hand, a clear head, and a warm heart wherewith to calmly meet and make surrender of all to the Inevitable Angel. Among the footnotes to an edition of Wood's 'Athense Oxonienses ' published in the middle of the last century, is a letter from Southerne dated ' From Mr. Whyte's, Oylman in Tothil Fields, against Dartmouth Street, 1737.' Southerne, the poet ' Tom sent down to raise The price of prologues and of plays,' lived for many years at Mr. Whyte's, an oilman's, in Tothill Street, against Dartmouth Street. The house is still [1850] an oilman's shop. On calling there in the year 1841, , . Cunniug- when the house Avas undergoing, as I thought, too ham's Hand- effectual and radical a repair, Mr. Mncklow, the then Loiidon : tenant, informed me that his father had the busi- l^^^^l^ ness of a man named Girdler, and Girdler had the business of a man named Whyte. He knew nothing of Southerne, but had seen and admired Mrs. Siddons as Isabella in 'The Fatal Marriage.' The house had the date of 1671 upon it ; and the balustraded balcony at the top was added when the repairs were made. Mr. Cunningham does not give the number of this house ; but the address of Mr. Mucklow the oilman, in the London 284 ItUBERT SOUTIIEY. [1774-1843. Directory for 1840, was No. 4 Totliill Street. This build- ing, by that strange fatality so frequently observed, has been taken down, while contemporary houses which have no lit- erary associations remain. In 1885, No. 4, ' over against Dartmouth Street,' was the modern Cock Tavern, but in the front of it was still preserved the old stone, bearing date 1671. Southerne died in Smith Street, Westminster, and was buried in the Church of St. Paul, Covent Garden, although at the present day the position of his gi'ave is unknown (see Butler, p. 29). The old Church of St. Paul was destroyed by fire in 1795. EGBERT SOUTHEY. 1774-1843. OOUTHEY was sent to Westminster School (see Church- ^-^ ILL, p. 51) in March, 1788 ; but nothing of interest is recorded of his experiences there, except that he left in dis- grace in 1792, because of an article he had written in a school magazine. In 1797 he entered Gray's Inn, his ad- dress being 'at Mr. Peacock's, at 20 Prospe«t Place, New- ington Butts, near London.' Prospect Place has since been called Deacon Street, Walworth Road. The entire neigh- borhood has been renamed, renumbered, and rebuilt. He remained then, as in later years, but a short time in town, and he was rarely to be seen here. In November, 1823, he made a visit to the Lambs, at Colebrook Cottage, Islington (see Lamb, p. 191), and was always a welcome guest at the home of Murray the publisher, No. 50 A, Albemarle Street (see Byrox, p. .34), and at Rogers's house in No. 22 St. \\U' ROBKRT SOUTHEY. 1553-1599.] EDMUND SPENSER. 285 James's Place, St. James's Street. He is also known to have enjoyed the society of Lamb and Coleridge in the humble rooms of the Salutation and Cat, No. 17 Newgate Street (see Coleridge, p. 60). Southey's opinion of London, and of its effect upon him, is thus expressed in a letter written to a friend in 1806 : — London disorders me by over-stimulation. Company, to a cer- tain extent, intoxicates me. I do not often commit the fault of talking too much, but very often say what would be better left unsaid, and that too m a manner not to be easily forgotten. . . . And so it is that the society of any except my friends, though it be sweet in the mouth, is bitter in the belly. EDMUND SPENSER. Circa 1553-1599. ■\ 7ERY little can be gathered of Spenser's life in London, ^ except the vague facts that he was born in East Smith- field, near Tower Hill ; that he was educated at the Merchant Taylors' School, which then stood in Suffolk Lane, Upper Thames Street (see Shirley, p. 275) ; that he was often at Essex House, formerly Exeter House, on the site of Devereux Court and Essex Street, Strand (see Locke, p. 197), and at Leicester House, which stood on the north side of Leicester Square, its gardens extending back to Lisle Street ; and that, dying of a broken heart in King Street, Westminster (see Pepys, p. 233), he was buried near Chaucer, in the Poets' Cornel", receiving a monumental stone, when dead, from the men who are supposed to have neglected him living, and to have refused him the bread for which he asked. 286 EDMUND SPENSEK. [1553-1599. 1 1 was distinctly in Spenser's poetical character that he received the honors of a funeral from Devereux, Earl of Essex. His hearse was attended l)y points, and nionrnful elegies and poems, Westminster with tin; j'ens tliat wrote them, were thrown into his ^y^^^y.' tomb. What a funeral was that at which Beaumont, chai). IV. Fletcher, Jonson, and in all piobability Shakspere attended ! what a grave, in which the pen of Shakspere may be mouldering away ! In the original inscription, long ago eflaced, the vicinity of Chaucer is expressly stated as the reason for the selection of the spot. . . . The inscription in pathos and sim- plicity is worthy of the author of the ' Faery Queen,' but curious as implying the unconsciousness of any greater than he at that very time to claim the title then given to him of the ' Prince of Poets.' Drummond, of Hawthoruden, in his ' Conversations ' with Ben Jonson, quotes the latter as giving the following account of Spenser's death : — The Irish having robbed Spenser's goods and burnt his house and a little child new born, he and his wife escaped ; and after he died for lack of bread in King Street, and refused twenty pieces sent him by the Earl of Essex, adding he had no time to spend them. Drummond, the Father of Interviewers, is not always reliable in his reports of what his beloved, honored, and worthy friend said of Spenser or of others ; and later his- torians are inclined to believe that Spenser's last days, although miserable enough, were not so utterly wretched as are here described. He certainly received immediate post- humous honors of no common kind. EDMUND SPENSER. 1C71-1729.] lilCH^VRD STEELE. 287 EICHAED STEELE. 1671-1729. OTEELE, according to the baptismal register quoted by ^^ Henry R. Montgomery in his ' Memoir ' (Edinburgh, 1865), was born in 1671, although nearly all earlier sketches of his career place the date as 1675 or 1676. He was sent to the Charter House in 1684, three years before Addison left that establishment for Oxford ; and he himself did not enter the university until two years after his distinguished friend. The fact of this difference in their school course, and the strange fact that nowhere in the lives of either of them is any hint given of their association while in the university, would perhaps throw some doubts upon the truth of the picture so charmingly painted by Thackeray, of their devo- tion to each other while Charter House boys (see Addison, p. 1), particularly as Steele, though in a lower class, was Addison's senioi" in age by more than a year. I am afraid no good report could be given by his masters and ushers of that tliick-set, square-faced, black-eyed, soft-hearted little Irish bov. He was very idle. He was whipped , n " 1 r- -r. • T 1 Thackeray's deservedly a great number oi times. . . . Besides l)eing English very kind, lazy, and good-natured, the boy went invari- Le'tm'e the ably into debt with the tart-woman ; ran out of bounds, |!"'''^ '■ and entered into pecuniary or rather promissory en- gagements with the neighboring lollipop-venders and pie-men, exhibited an early fondness for drinking mum and sack, and borrowed from all his comrades who had money to lend. . . . Addison did his best themes. Addison -wTote his exercises. He ran on Addison's messages, fagged for hiin, and blacked his boots ; to be in Joe's company was Dick's greatest pleasure, and he took a sermon or a caning from his monitor with the most boundless reverence, acquiescence, and affection. 27 288 l{iCIIAi;i) STKKLK. [1671-1729. Steele is said in liavu ht^luived to Addison in society with a marked deference, very iinconinion and striking between old comrades, equal in age, and nearly so in all things ex- Anurv .Street, where I removed a week SvTfs ^yo- I 'j''^'*^ ^1'^' f'l'^t """^'' "^ iliuing and bed chamber, Jouiiial to jit eight shillings a week, — plaguy dear ; but I spend Stella, 1710. , r ,- . i 1 1 nothing for eating, never go to a tavern, and very sel- dom in a coach ; yet, after all, it will be expensive. . . . December 28. — I came home to my new lodgings in St. Alban's Street [Haymarket], where I pay the same rent for an apartment two pair of stairs ; but I have the use of the parlor to receive persons of quality. St. Alban's Street was completely demolished on the con- struction of Waterloo Place. It is not to be confounded with the present St. Albans Place, which was then Market Lane, and ran to Pall Mall as an outlet of St. James's Market (see Baxter, p. 18). In 1711 Swift was lodging in Chelsea, to which village he frequently walked from town. I leave my best gown and periwig at Mrs. Van Homrigh's, then walk up Pall Mall, out at Buckingham House [afterwards Swift's Let- Buckingham Palace], and so to Chelsea, a little beyond ters, 1711. ^j^g church. I set out about sunset, and get there in something less than an hour. It is two good miles, and just 5,748 steps. His house was in 'Church Lane, half a mile beyond Chelsea Church.' Church Lane, afterwards Church Street, runs from the river to Fulham Ptoad, near which Swift must have lived. From Chelsea he removed to Suffolk Street, Haymarket, to be near tlie Van Homrighs. It is not pleasant to have old places altered which are connected with interesting recollections, even if the place or recollection Lei-iiiiuiifs ^^^ ""'"^ *^f ^^'" pleasantest. When the houses in TiK^Town, Suffolk Street were pulled down, we could not help rearettin" that the abode was among them in which poor Miss Van Honirigh lived, who died for love of Swift. She resided there with her mother, the widow of a Dutch merchant, DEAN SWIFT. 1G07-I74r..] JONATHAN SWIFT. 299 and had a fortune. Swii't, while in England upon the affairs of the Irish Church, was introduced to them, and became so intimate as to leave his best-gowu and cassock there for convenience. He f(jund the coffee also very pleasant. He next moved to St. Martin's Street, Leicester Fields, and a month later to Panton Street, Hay market. In 1712 he lodged for a time 'in the Gravel Pits, Kensington,' — a name given generally, in his day and later, to the region north and northwest of Kensington, between Netting Hill, Bayswater, Kensington Palace, and Holland House, and since called Carapden Hill. In 1725, when Swift returned to London after a long absence, he lodged for a time with Gay in Whitehall. Swift, lodging most probably, as we know was his habit, in later years in some of the siiburljan purlieus of St. James's, had already become a notable figure in this companv, which ^ Henry met at Will's Coffee House, in Bow Street [see Addi- craik's Life so^% p. 7], or at the St. James's Coffee House [see g^fpy'v*;' Addiso:;, p. 7], where the Whigs at that time most resorted. . . . Those who frequented the place; had been aston- ished, day after day, by the entry of a clergyman, unknown to any there, who laid his hat on the table, and strode up and down the room with a rapid step, heeding no one and absorbed in his own thou£;hts. His strange manner earned him, unknown as he was 'o to all, the name of the ' mad parson.' He was equally familiar with the Smyrna at the AVest End, and with Pontack's at the City end of the town ; and, like so many of his contempoi'aries, is more easily traced to his clubs and to his taverns than to his homes in London, if his various abiding-places here can be termed homes. In his ' Journal to Stella,' he writes : — Pautock told us that although Iiis wine was not so good, he sold it cheaper than others ; he took but seven shillings a flask. Are not these pretty rates ? 300 JONATIIAX SWIFT. [1007-1745. Pantock's was in Abchurch Lane, Lombard Street (sec EvKLYN, p. 102). The street is now composed of compara- tively modern business houses, and no sign of Pantock's remains. The Smyrna was in Pall Wall, but its position is iniknown. Another of Swift's city taverns was Garraway's, which has long since disappeared. It stood in Change Alley, Cornhill ; and its site is mai-ked by a tablet recording this fi\ct, on a building facing Birchin Lane. He frequented also the Devil Tavern, near Temple Bar (see Jonson, p. 175); the Foun- taine, No. 103 Strand, which gave its name to Fountain Court, called Savoy Buildings in 1885 (see Johnson, p. 170) ; Button's, in Puissell Street, Covent Garden (see Addison, p. G); Ozinda's, 'just by St. James's;' The Globe, No. 134 Fleet Street; and the George, in Pall Mall (see Steele, p. 290). He was a member of the October Club, which met at the Bell Tavern in King Street, Westminster ; the Scriblerus Club, which met at different AVest End taverns ; and the Brothers' Club, which gathered generally at the Star and Garter in Pall Mall, opposite Schomberg House (see Prior, p. 247). March 20. — I made our society change their house, and we met together at the Star and Garter, in the Pall Mall ; Lord .Tom-nal to Arrau was President. The other dog was so extrava- Stella, 171-2. ^^^^^ j^^ j^-^ ^jjj^ ^^,^^ ^^^ £^^^^, J^gJ^^^g^ ^j.^j; j^j^^J secoiul courses, without wine or dessert, he charged twenty-one pounds six shillings and eight pence to the Duke of Onnond. JOHN TAYLOR. 1580-165i.] JOILX TAYLOR. 301 JOHN TAYLOR. 1580-1654. npAYLOR was early apprenticed to a Thames waterman, ■'- and for a number of years he was employed in some capacity by the governors of the Tower of London. He was called the AVater Poet, and is said by tradition to have ' chop'd verses ' with Shakspere, whose contemporary he was. He relates, in his ' Pennyless Pilgrimage,' that he set out from London, July 14, 1618, from 'the Bell Inn that's Extra Aldersgate.' It was two doors from the Barbican, but no sign of it now^ remains. In 1647 he left the Rose Tavern on Holborn Hill, on a pilgrimage to the Isle of Wight, where Charles II. was then staying. The Rose dis- appeared some years ago. It was on the banks of the Fleet River, and its site is at the steps leading to the Viaduct on the southeast corner of Farringdon Street. He died in Phoenix Alley, Long Acre, in 1654. John Taylor, the Water Poet, kept a tavern in this alley. One of his last w^orks (his ' Journey into Wales,' 1652) he describes as ' performed by John Taylor, dwelling at the sign of the Poet's Head, in Phcenix Alley, near the middle of Long Acre.' He supplied his own portrait and inscription : — ' There 's many a head stands for a sign ; Then, gentle reader, why not mine?' His first sign was a mourning crown ; but this was too marked to be allowed. He came here in 1652, and, dying here in 1654, was buried, December 5, in the churchyard of ham"s Hand- St. Martin-in-the-Fields. His widow, it appears from Lo^Jjon^. the rate-books of St. Martin's, continued in the house, Phcenix Alley, under the name of the Widow Taylor, five years after his death. In 1658 ' Wid(ow) Taylor ' is scored out, and ' Mons. Lero ' written at the side. The rate they paid was 2/2 a year. 302 WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY. [1811-18(33. Phoenix Alley, since called Hanover Court, runs from No. 55 Long Acre to Hart Street. Where his tavern stood' cannot exactly be determined ; but the old house, numbered 6 Hanover Court in 1885, at the junction of the parishes of St. Paul, Covent Garden, and St. Martin-in-tlie-Fields, which undoubtedly dates back as far as the middle of the seventeenth century, was probably familiar to Taylor and his friends. T WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY. 1811-1863. HACKERAY'S earliest experiences in London, like those of that kindest benefactor society ever had, — the Addison whose name he honored ; the kind, just, sin- cere, impartial moralist and writer he so dearly loved, — were of the Charter House School (see Addison, p. 1). He was brought from Calcutta when very young, and is represented by one of his schoolmates (George Venables, in Trollope's 'Thackeray') as a pretty, gentle, rather timid boy, with no skill in games, and not much taste for them, popular among the boys he knew, but never very happy in his school associations or daily life. He was ' on the Foundation,' wore a gown, and lived in the school. In the cloisters is a tablet to his memory, next to that of John Leech. His last public appearance was at a Charter House dinner, only a few days before he died. He gave the time- honored Latin toast, asking the blessing of Providence upon the Foundation, and passed forever from the old school with a prayer upon his lips for its success and its perpetuity. When Thackeray was called to the bar in 1834, and for some years afterwards, he occupied, with Tom Taylor, 1811-1863.] WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY. 303 chambers at No. 10 Ci'owu Office Row, in the Temple, where many of his working hours were spent. This build- ing is no longer standing. He also frequently stopped at the Bedford, in Covent Garden (see Churchill, p. 51). In 1837 he took his young wife to a house in Albion Street, Hyde Park, not many yards from the grave of Sterne ; and lie lived there and in Great Coram Street, near the Foundling Hospital, until the failing health of Mrs. Thackeray forced him to give up housekeeping altogethei*. For a time he lived at No. 88 St. James's Street, in the building afterwards known as Palace Chambers ; but from 1847 to 1853 his home was at No. 13 (in 1885, No. 16) Young Street, Kensington, where he wrote ' Vanity Fair,' ' Pendennis,' ' Esmond,' and portions of ' The Newcomes.' I once made a pilgrimage with Thackeray (at my request, of course, the visit was plauued) to the various houses where his books had been written ; and I remember, when we pjeids-s came to Young Street, Kensington, he said, with Yesterdays mock gravitj', ' Down on your knees, you rogue, for Authors .- here " Vanity Fair" was penned ; and I will go down with you, for I have a high opinion of that little production my- self.' He was always perfectly honest in his expressions about his own writings, and it was delightful to hear him praise them when he could depend upon his listeners. A friend congratulated him once on that touch in ' Vanity Fair ' in which Becky admires her husband when he is giving Steyne the punishment which ruins her for life. ' Well,' he said, ' when I wrote that sentence, I slapped my fist on the table, and said, " That is a touch of genius." ' In 1853 Thackeray took the house No. 36 Onslow Square, South Kensington, where he wrote ' The Virginians,' etc., and lived for eight or nine years. Onslow Square has been renum- bered. Thackeray's was one of a row of uniform three-storied brick houses on the south side of the Square near Sumner Place. Mrs. Ritchie in a private note, dated 1884, says : — 304 WILLIAM MAIvEPEACE THACKERAY. [1811-1863. Our old house was the fourth, counting the end house, from the corner by the church in Onslow S(nmro, the church Luing on the left hand, and the avenue of old trees running in front of our drawing-room windows. I used to look up from the avenue and see my father's head bending over his work in the study window, which was over the drawing-room. The following description of his daily life here is worth preserving : — To Onslow Square I accordingly went on the morning fixed, and found Mr. Thackeray in his study to receive me ; but instead of entering upon business in that part of the house, he Meni'lfire of ^0°^ ^^ upstairs to his bedroom, where every arrange- luy Time, ment had been made for the convenience of writing, chap. XI. - , .1 • T • • I then learned that he was busily occupied in preparing his lectures on ' The Four Georges,' and that he had need of an amanuensis to fill the place of one who was now otherwise occu- pied. . . . Often he would light a cigar, and after pacing the room for a few moments would put the unsmoked remnant on the mantelpiece, and resume his work with increased cheerfulness, as if he had gathered fresh inspiration from the gentle odors of the sublime tobacco. It was not a little amusing to observe the frequency with which Mr. Thackeray would change his position, and I could not but think that he seemed most at his ease when one would suppose he was most uncomfortable. . . . Mr. Thackeray was in his dressing-gown and slippers, and received us in his bedroom, where, as I have already stated, he generally passed his mornings and wrote his books. His study being a small back-room behind the dining-room, on the ground floor, and being exposed to the noises from the street, he had caused his writing-table and appliances to be carried upstairs to the Second floor, where two rooms had been thrown into one, the back to be used as a sleeping-chamber, and the front, which was considerably larger than the other, as a sitting-room. In 1862 Thackeray moved to a house he had built for himself at No. 2 Palace Green, Kensington, — an imposing double mansion of red brick, in bright gardens of its own. 1S11-1S63.] WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY. 305 It is the second house on the left as one enters the gate of Kensington Palace Gardens, from Kensington High Street, but has been enlarged and changed since his day. Here he died on Christmas eve, 1863. The last words he corrected in print were : ' And my heart throbbed with an exquisite bliss.' God grant that on that Christmas eve when he laid his head back on his pillow, and threw iip his arras as he had been wont to ujc^kerfs in do when verv weary, some consciousness of duty done, il?" t-'ornhill ' ' . J ■> Magazine, and Christian hope throughout life humbly cherished, January, may have caused his own heart so to throb when he passed away to his Redeemer's rest. . . . He was found peace- fully lying as above described, composed, undisturbed, and to all appearance asleep on the 24th of December, 1863. He was only in his fifty-third year ; so young a man that the mother who blessed him in his first sleep- blessed him in his last ! Thackeray was buried in Keusal Green Cemetery on the 30th of December, 1863. Charles Dickens, Mark Lemon, Dr. Russell of the ' Times,' John Everett Millais, John Leech (so soon to follow him and to lie by his side), Anthony Trollope, Robert Browning, George Cruikshank, Tom Taylor, Louis Blanc, Charles Mathews, Theodore INIartin, and Shirley Brooks were among the old friends who carried him to his rest. Thackeray's first lectures were prepared while he was living in Young Street, and were delivered in the summer of 1851 at Willis's Rooms (formerly Almack's), No. 26 King Street, St. James's Street, to great crowds of the intellectual and social lights of the kingdom. Charlotte Bronte writes : — London, June 2 [1851]. — I came here on Wednesday, being summoned a day sooner than I expected, in order to '■ Mrs. Gas- be in time for Thackeray's second lecture, which was Keii's Life of delivered on Thursday afternoon. This, as you may Brontefvol. suppo.se, was a genuine treat to me, and T was glad not "• '^'^^i'- ''^• to miss it. It was given in Willis's Rooms, where the Almack 306 WILLIAM MAKErEACE THACKERAY. [lSll-1863. Balls are held ; a great painted and gildeel saloon, with long sofas for benches. I did not at all expect the great lecturer would know nie or notice me under these circumstances, with admiring duchesses and countesses seated in rows before him ; but he met me as I entered, shook hands, took me to his mother, whom I had not seen before, and introduced me. Thackeray's clubs were the Athenteum, Xo. 107 Pall Mall, the Garrick, and the Reform, No. 104 Pall Mall. Thackeray was standing at the top of tlie steps leading into the Reform Clul), the thumb and forefingei- of each hand in liis waist- coat pockets, as was constantly his wont, when Jerrold, Hodder's ^ ,/ ' , ^ , , ■, , , Memoirs, a lellow-member oi the chib, was about to enter the ciaj). x\u. ijuiiJing. 'Have you heard the news?' incpiired Thackeray, as Jerrold ascended the steps. * No,' replied the latter. ' The Prince is dead ; poor dear Gentlewoman ! * A delicate piece of patronage bestowed by literature upon majesty itself. On the Tuesday he came to his favorite club, the Garrick, and asked for a seat at the table of two friends, who of course welcomed him, as all welcomed Thackeray. It will Shirley , i V t ■, " n ■, Brooks, not be deemed too minute a record by any oi the London hundreds who personally loved him, to note Mhere he News, 1S64. ^^^ j-^j. ^|^g i^^^ ti,,,g ^^ ^^.^^ ^.]^^\^ There is in the dining-room on the first floor a nook near the reading-room. The principal picture hanging in that nook, and fronting you as you approach it, is the celebrated one from the ' Clandestine Marriage.' Opposite to this Thackeray took his seat and dined with his friends. He was afterwards in the smoke-room, a place in which lie delighted. ... On Wednesday he was out several times, and was seen in Palace Gardens reading a book. Before the dawn of Thursday he was where there is no night. Dickens came rarely to the club ; Init Thackeraj^ was dearly fond of it, and was always there. I remember a speech Yates : Fifty of his at an annual dinner, then always held on Shak- London Life ^pere's birthday, in which he said, ' We, the happy chap. ix. initiated, never speak of it as the Garrick ; to us it is the G., the little G., the dearest place in the world.' WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY. 1700-1748.] JAMES THOMSON. 307 The GaiTick Club, founded in 1831, was situated until 1864 at No. 35 King Street, Covent Garden, on the north side and near the present Garrick Street. This was the only Garrick Club that Thackeray knew. The modern building at No. 15 Garrick Street, Long Acre, was not .occupied until the year after Thackeray's death. JAMES THOMSON. 1700-1748. T X 7HEN Thomson first came to London in 1725, he lived ' ' in humble lodgings in the house afterwards num- bered 30 Charing Cross, between Cragg's Court and Great Scotland Yard. Jesse and others believe it to have been the identical old round front house still standing there as late as 1885, Here on the first floor he spent some time in comparative poverty, and here he is said to have written part of his ' Summer.' Other portions of ' Summer ' were written while he was tutor in an academy in Little Tower Street, Eastcheap. This house, afterwards No. 12, has been taken down; but next to it, at No. 11 Little Tower Street, was, in 1885, the Ship Tavern, as old as Thomson's day, and well known to the poet. Later in life, when his circumstances were better, Thomson lived in the West End of London. So charmins; Thomson wrote from his lodfrings, a milliner's in Bond Street, where he seldom rose early enough to Mrs. Piozzi's see the sun do more than glisten on the opposite win- timm''h dows of the street. ^'aly. 3U8 JAMES THOMSON. [1700-1748. Thomson lodged for some time at llosedale House in Kcw Foot Lane, Richmond, not far fi-oni the Green. It has been greatly altered, and was in 1885 a plahi red brick mansion near the street, with a little bit of lawn in front. ' Kosedale House ' was painted upon its gateposts. The gardens and relics of the poet, which were for many years carefully pre- served here, have gradually disappeared. He died in this house in 1748 ; and a brass mural plate at the west end of the north aisle of liichmond Church has been placed above the spot where he lies. Thomson received subscriptions for the ' Seasons ' at the Smyrna Coffee House, Pall ]Mall (see Swift, p. 300), and was a frequent guest of the Old Red Lion Tavern, in St. John's Road, Islington (see Goldsmith, p. 126). Another favorite suburban resort of his was ' The Doves,' at Hammersmith, an old-fashioned river-side public house, still in existence as late as 1885, at the lower end of the Upper Mall, and a little to the west of the Suspension Bridge. His name and memory are still held sacred here ; and on the door of the adjoining cottage, which in his day was part of the inn, is a well-worn, highly polished ' brass plate, upon which is engraved ' The Seasons.' It is believed that his 'Winter' was conceived and written in a room in this house, overlooking the river, when the Thames was covered with ice and the neighboring country with snow, — an assertion which Faulkner, in his 'Fulham,' . savs is well authenticated. 1736-1812.] JOHN HORNE TOOKE. 309 JOHN HORNE TOOKE. 1736-1812. TT ORNE TOOKE was bom in the house of his father, John Home, a poulterer, and the * Turkey Merchant ' fi-om whom the sou once claimed descent. His shop was in Newport Market, which stood between Great Newport, Graf- ton, and Litchfield Streets, Soho, but has now disappeared. Tooke spent two 3'ears at Westminster School (see Churchill, p. 51) before he went to Eton. In 1756 he entered the Inner Temple, and from 1760 to 1773 he was curate of St. Lawrence's, Brentford, six miles from Hyde Park Corner. In 1777 he was imprisoned in the Tower for his violent and outspoken sympathy with the American colonists in their rebellion against the mother-country. In 1802 Tooke retired to Wimbledon, where ten years later he died. His house was on the southwest corner of Wimbledon Common, — a two-storied brick cottage, still standing in 1885, facing the Green and backing on the Crooked Billet and Hand in Hand, two old inns. I often dined with Tooke at Wimbledon, and always found him most pleasant and most witty. There his friends would drop in upon him without any invitation. . . . Tooke latterly Rogers's used to expect two or three of his most intimate friends '^'^^^^^ "^^^^ to dine with him every Sunday ; and I once offended him a good deal by not joining his Sunday dinner-parties for several weeks. Tooke was buried in the yard of Ealing Old Church (St. Mary's) under an altar tomb. A tomb had long been prepared for Mr. Tooke in his garden at Wimbledon, in which it was his firm purpose to have been 29 310 EDMUND WALLKK. [10ur.-lG87. Imried ; but uftc'r liis decease, being opposed by his daughters and an aunt of theirs, his remains were transferred to this churchyard, where they were inteircd according to IJroiitfoni! the rites and ceremonies of the Church of EngUind, Chiswi.;k,"^ otherwise it was his desire that no funeral ceremonies chap. ii. ' should be read over his body, but six poor men should have a guinea each to bear him lo the vault in his garden. EDMUND WALLER. 1605-1687. WALLER is said to have been a member of the House of Commons when he was sixteen or seventeen years of age, and to have been a resident of London for some time ; but nothing is known of his personal career here except that he was married ' to his rich city heiress ' in the Church of St. Margaret, Westminster, that he lived at one time in Bow Street, Covent Garden, on the site of the Police Station (see Fielding, p. 105), and that between the years 16G0 and 1687 he lived on the west side of St. James's Street, Piccadilly. In the latter year he went to Beaconsfield to die. He was a frequent visitor at Berkeley House, on the site of which Devonshire House, Piccadilly, between Berkeley and Stratton Streets, was built ; and Aubrey preserves the story of a catastrophe that befell him at the Water Gate of Somerset House, Strand : — Waller had but a tender, weak bodie, but was always very temperate. — Made him damnable drunk at Somerset House, where at the water stayres he fell down and had a cruel fall. 'T was a pity to use such a sweet swan so inhumanly 1717-1797.] HORACE WALPOLE. 311 The Somerset House of Waller's day, built by the Pro- tector, whose uame it bore, was taken down in 1775 to make way for the present buildings, which were completed in 1786. HOEACE WALPOLE. 1717-1797. TT GRACE WALPOLE was born on the west side of ■*- -*■ Arlington Street, Piccadilly ; but he afterwards occu- pied the opposite house, No. 5 Arlington Street, which is marked by the tablet of the Society of Arts as having been the residence of his father. While in town from 1745 to 1779 he lived here, and also in his father's house in Down- ing Street, — the official residence of the first Lord of the Treasury ever since Sir Robert Walpole's occupancy of it in 1735. The greater part of Horace Walpole's youth, however, was spent in his father's house at Chelsea, afterwards the Infirmary of Chelsea Hospital, which was but little changed in 1885, except that one story had been added. The drawing-room was Ward No. 7. Walpole is now particularly associated with Strawberry Hill, — the house where so many of his days were passed, and vipon which so much of his thought was spent. It still stood in 1885, on the banks of the Thames, at Twicken- ham, ten miles from Arlington Street and Berkeley Square. Strawberry Hill . . . stands on a gentle elevation about three hundred yards from, and overlooking, the Thames immediately above Twickenham. . . . When Walpole rented the house it w^as little more than a cottage, and the grounds were of narrow com- pass. As soon as he became its owner, he began to enlarge the 312 IK^HACE WALPOLE. [1717-1797. house and extend the grounds. Tlie cottage grew into a villa, the villa into a niaiisii)n. . , . StraAvberry Hill, when completed, was a Gothic building, but Gothic of no particular period, Thoiiip's chis^;, or stvh3. Windows, doorwavs, and inould- or the mgs of the thirteenth century stood side by side with London ? " Others of the fifteenth and sixteenth. Ecclesiastical strawberry ^^.gj,g co-mingled with secular features, collegiate with baronial or military. Next to an Abbey Entrance was the oriel of an Elizabethan Manor-hou.se, or the keep of a Norman Castle, while battlements and machicolation frowned over the wide bay windows that opened on to the lawn. . . . Walpole was in his thirtieth year when he took Strawberry Hill ; and he spent fifty summers in it, improving the house, adding to his collections, and enjoying the lilacs and nightingales in his grounds. ... As it now stands [1876], Strawberry Hill is a renewal of Walpole's house, with modern sumptuousness superadded. All the old rooms are there, though the uses of many have been changed. . . . The grounds and gardens are as beautiful and attractive as of old, the trees as verdant, the rosary as bright, the lawn as green, and in their season Walpole's ' two passions, lilacs and nightingales,' in as full bloom and abundance as ever. From 1779, for eighteen years, Walpole's town house was No. 11 Berkeley Square; and here, in 1797, he died. I came to town this morning [October, 1779] to take possession Walpole's of Berkeley Square-, and was as well pleased with my ]'^^l^^^' new habitation as I can be with anything at present. This mansion was on the southwest corner of Hill Street, and was numbered 42 Berkeley Square in 1885. Walpole was a member of Brooks's Club, No. 60 St. James's Street, among others, and of the Blue Stocking Club, which met 'at Mrs. Montague's, on the northwest corner of Portman Square.' He frequented Dodsley's shop, at the sign of the Tully's Head, No. 51 Pall Mall (see Akenside, p. 11); and the Bedford Coffee House, ' under the Piazza, in Covent Garden ' (see Churchill, p. 51). 1593-1683.] IZAAK WALTON. ' 313 IZAAK WALTON. 1593-1683. /^F Walton's youth and education nothing is known. ^-^ Anthony Wood found him engaged as a ' sempster,' or linen-draper, in the Eoyal Burse, Cornhill (on the site of the Royal Exchange), where his shop was seven feet and a half long, and five feet wide. Later, he occupied half a shop in Fleet Street, between Chancery Lane and Temple Bar. Walton dwelt on the north side of Fleet Street, in a house two doors west of the end of Chancery Lane, and abutting on a mes- suage known by the sign of The Harrow. . . . Now the old timber 'house at the Southwest corner of Chancery Hawkins's Lane, till within these few years [1760] was known by ^^i(.°q that sign ; it is therefore beyond doubt that Walton lived at the very next door, and in this House he is, in the deed above referred to, which bears date 1621, said to have followed the trade of a Linen Draper. It further appears by that deed, that the house was in the joint occupation of Isaac Walton and John Mason, hosier, from whence we may conclude that half a shop was sufficient for the business of Walton. He subseqviently removed into Chancery Lane. Isaac Walton lived in what was then the seventh Cunning- house on the left hand as you walk [in Chancery Lane] g"",^'' f^^"^' from Fleet Street to Holborn. Sir Harris Nicolas de- London : . . Chancery rived this information from the Parish Books. Lane. This house is believed to have stood next to Crown Court, on the site of the house numbered 120 Chancery Lane in 1885. Walton quitted London in 1G43. 314 IZAAK WALTON. [1593-1683. Finding it dangerous for lionest lueii to be there, he left the city, and lived some time at Stafford and elsewhere, Atiieii* hut mostly in the families of eminent clergymen of Uxoiuenses. England, l>y whom he was much beloved. Walton lived in the parish of Clerkenvvell after his re- tirement from business ; and here, according to the parish registers, were baptized, in St. James's Church, February 10, 1650, his sou Izaak Walton, and again, on September 7, 1651, another son Izaak Walton. Both of these children died in early infanc}'. lu 1G53, while still living in Clerk- enwell, ' There is published a book of eighteen pence price called the Compleat Angler ; or contemplative man's recrea- tions, being a discourse of Fisli and Fishing, not unworthy of perusal. Sold by Eichard Marriot in St. Dunstan's Church Yard, Fleet Street.' The antiquarians of Clerkenwell, unfortunately, have been able to find no trace of the site of Walton's house, either from tradition or the rate-books. Walton bought his fish-hooks at the shop of one Charles Kerbye, in Harp Alley, Shoe Lane, a street entirely changed since Walton's day ; and he was fond of fishing the Lea from Ware to Tottenham. The Swan Inn at Tottenham High Cross was the place of wnuiani resort of Izaak Walton, the angler ; he used to tarry Bobinson's ]jere awhile before he went to the river Lea to fish, History HN, 126-127 ; mentioned, 46. Grant, Baron, 150. Gray, Thomas, 127-129; men- tioned, 71. Greatorex, Rev. Dan., 54. Greville, Charles C. F., quoted, 201, 274. Grimshaw, Rev. T. S., quoted, 67. Grote, George, 129-130. Gwynne, Nell, 208. Hallam, Henry, 131. Halliwell-Phillipps, 172. Hall, S. C, quoted, 57, 88, 117, 148. Hall, Susannah, 265. Handel, 242, 243. Hare, Augustus J. C., quoted, 169. Harness, Rev. William, 185. Harris, Joseph, 95. Harte, Walter, 2. Hastings, Warren, 51, 66, 70, 202. Haweis, Rev. H. R., 242. Hawkins, Sir John, mentioned, 165; quoted, 166, 169, 313. Hawkins, Letitia Matilda, quoted, 224. Haydon, Benjamin Robert, 189. Ha'zlitt, John, 131. Hazlitt, William, 131-135; men- tioned, 191, 213. Hazlitt, Mrs. William (Sarah Stod- dard), 131. Henderson, Jolm, 86. Henry IV., 47. Henry VIII., 108, 224, 256. Herbert, George, 136. Herrick, Robert, 136-137. INDEX OF PERSONS. 335 Hoare, Henry, 9. Hoare, Lemuel, 68. Hobhouse, Thomas, 33. Ilodder, George, quoted, 59, 154, 304, 306. Hogarth, William, 79, 189, 253. Holbein (Younger), 224. HoLCROFT, Thomas, 137. Holland, Lady, quoted, 93, 279. Holland, Lord, 275. Holland, Sir Henrj', quoted, 204. Holley, 0. L., 111. Honie'r, 172, 243. Hood, Thomas, 137-139; mentioned, 79. Hood, Thomas, Jr., quoted, 138, 139. Hook, Theodore, 140-143. Hoole, John, 167- Horace, 94, 96, 97. Home, John, 309. Hotten, J. C, quoted, 43. Houghton, Lord, 139, 181. Howitt, William, mentioned, 181, 182; quoted, 15, 43, 125, 180, 211, 213, 256, 289, 200. Hume, David, 143-144. Humphrey, Ozias, quoted, 160. Hunt, Leigh, 144-149; mentioned, 57, 271 ; quoted, 4, 5, 95, 150, 158, 168, 169, 179, 180, 184, 199, 298. Hunt, Mrs. Leigh, 147. Hunter, Dr. John, 14. Ixchbald, l\rRS., 149-151. Ingleby, C. M., quoted, 215, 216, 297. Ireland, William, 266. Irving, Edward, 38. Irving, Washington, quoted, 119, 121, 122, 124. James I., 8, 13, 108, 172, 249, 250. James II., 234. Jameson, Anna, 151-152. Jeaffreson, Dr. .John B., 87. Jeaffries, Lord, 94. Jerrold. Blanchard, quoted, 117, 148, 1V2, 153, 154, 271. Jerrold, Douglas, 152-155 ; men- tioned, 8.5, 117, .306. 31 Jesse, John H., quoted, 12, 28, 32, 241, 261, 276, 307. Johnson, Samuel, 155-171; men- tioned, V, ix, X, 3, 21, 49, 50, GO, 90, 98, 121, 122, 123, 125, 204, 222, 247, 253, 256, 200, 274; quo- ted, 4, 6, 64, 94, 105, 120, 122, 231, 240, 259, 260, 261, 288, 283, 292. Johnson, Mrs. (mother of Samuel), 155. Johnson, Mrs. (wife of Samuel), 158. Jones, Inigo, 12, 51. Jones, Owen, 98. JoNsoN, Ben, 171-177; mentioned, 6, 11, 20, 74, 130, 270, 286. Joiison, Mrs. Margaret, 172, 173. Joyce, Dr. Thomas, 203. Kat, Christopher, 8. Kearsley, George, 164. Keats, John, 177-182; mentioned, 27. Keats, Thomas, 179, 181. Kingsley, Charles, x. Kingsley, Henry, x. Kingston, Duke" of, 218. Knatchbull, Sir Edward, 34. Kneller, Sir Godfrey, 9. Knight, Charles, quoted, 163, 22-T, 266. Knipp, Mrs., 238. Lamp., Charles, 182-193 ; men- tioned, V, ix, X, 57, 60, 79, 131, 1.32, 133, 138, 144, 140, 178, 273, 284, 285, 321 ; quoted, 56. Lamb, Elizabeth, 183, 186, 273. Lamb, John, 183, 186, 273. Lamb, John, Jr., 184. Lamb, Mary, 79, 131, 132, 144, 185, 180, 187, 190, 193. Landon, Letitia E., 194. Landor, Walter Savage, 194- 195; mentioned, 217. Landseer, Sir Edwin. 248. Langbaine. Gerrard, 282. Langton, Bennet, 123, 164. Lee, Nathaniel, 195-190. Leech, John, -302, 305. 336 INDEX OF PERSONS. Lemon, Mark. 305. Lenox, Mrs. Cliarlotte, 169. L'Kstraiif^c, Sir lioyer, 208. Lever, Charles, x. Levctt, Uobert, 162. Lewes, George Henry, 98, 99. Lewis, ^Irs. (Couiitcss of Beacons- liel(l), 8',). Lewis, Saniuf], (iiioted, 54, 249, 250, 257. Linley, Jliss (Mrs. Sheridan), 273. Lintot, Bernard, 159. Locke, John, 197-198; mentioned, 227. Lockhart, John Gibson, quoted, 33, 73, 262, 263. Loekhart. Mrs. J. G., 262. Loftie, Kev. W. J., quoted, 62, 66, 67, 225, 268, 292, 293. Lovelace, Countess of (Augusta Ada Byron), 32. Lovelace, Richard, 198-199. Lover, Samuel, 199-200. Lowell, James Eussell, mentioned, 235 ; quoted, 252. Lucas, John, 217. Lysons, Samuel, quoted, 100. Lytton, Loud (see P.ulwer Lytton). Macaui-ay, Thojias Babinoton, 200-204; quoted, 6,22, 257. Macaulay, Zachary, 201. Macdonald, John, quoted, 292. Mackintosh, Sir James, quoted. 224 Maclise, Daniel, 85. Maitland, William, quoted, 153. Malone, Edmund, quoted, 5, 92, 172, 173, 196, 266. Manning, Thomas, 188, 189. Manningham, John, quoted, 269. Marlowe, Christopher, 204-205. Marrvat, Florence (.--ee Mrs. Ross Church). Marryat, Frederick, 205-207. Marryat, Joseph, 206. Martin, Dr. B. E., quoted, 58, 59, 80, 84, 85, 87, 88. Martin, Sir Tiieodore, 305. Marvell, Asdrew, 207-208. Mary L, 108. Maseres, Huron, 188. AL\.sHix(;i.;i{, I'liiLii', 209. Masson, David, quoted, 212, 215. Mathews, Charles, 34. Mathews, Charles James, 305. Matthews, Captain TJKimas, 273. Mcteyard, Eliza, quoted, 14. Milbanke, Miss (Lady Byron), 32. Millais, John Everett, 305. Miller, Joe, mentioned, 143; (pioted, 291. Milner-Gibson, Tliomas, 85, 86. Milner, Rev. Thomas, quoted, 317. Milnes, Richard Monckton {see Lord Houghton). Milton, John, 210-210; mentioned, 4,132, 133, 146, 153, 2(11, 207. Milton, Mrs. John (Maiv Powell), 212. Milton, John (father of poet), 210. Mitford, Dr., 216. MiTFORD, Mary Russell, 216-217. Montagu, Basil, 248. Montagu, Mrs. Basil, 248. Montague, Charles, 94. Montague, Mrs. (Elizabeth), 312. Montague, Mary Wortley, 218- 219. Montgomery, Henry R., quoted, 287. Moore, Anne Barbara, 221. Moore, Peter, 274. Moore, Thomas, 220-221 ; men- tioned, 32, 33, 35, 36, 93, 262; quoted, 4, 30, 31, 32, 34, 145, 275. Moore, Mrs. Thomas, 220, 221. iMoRE, Hannah, 222. Moke, Sir Thomas, 222-225. More, Thomas, quoted, 225. Murphy, Arthur, 226-227; meii- . tioned, 55; quoted, 159. Murray, John, 33, 34, 68, 262, 285. Napoleon I., 134. Nelson, John, quoted, 69. Nelson, Lord, 125. Nettleton, Robert, 208. Neve, Philip, 216. Newland, Abraham, 221. INDEX OF PERSONS. 337 Newton, Sik Isaac, 227-229 ; men- tioned, 73. Nichols, John Goiii;-h, 277. Nicolas, Sir Ilavris, '-M'-i. Noorthhouck, John, (luuted, 78. Oldfieia, Mrs., 64, W3. Oldvs, William, (luotcd, 196, 282, .315, .316. Otway, Thomas, 229-230; men- tioned, 93. Pavkes, John James, quoted, 10, 109, 110, 157. Parkes, Joseph, quoted, 109, 110. Paniell, Thomas, 213. Parr, Ur. Samuel, ijuoted, 165. Patmore,P. G., quoted, 132, 133, 135. Pembroke, "William Herbert, Karl of, 269. Pembroke, Countess of, 269, 276. Pexn, William, 231-232. Pennant, Thomas, viii. Pepvs, Samuel, 2-32-2.39; men- tioned, ix, X ; quoted, 74, 95, 100, 111. Pepys, Mrs. Samuel, 234, 235. Percy, Bishop Thomas, (juoted, 119, 121. Peter the Great, 100, 234. Philips, Robert, (pioted, 25, 26. PhiUipps-Halliwell, 172. Pink's History of Clerkenwell, quoted, 19, 26"^, 296, 318. Piozzi, ^Irs. (see Mrs. Thrale). Pitt, William, 109. Pope, Alexandek, 240-244; men- tioned, X, 2, 19, 41, 95, 112, 219, 245, 247, 257, 289. Pope, Alexander (father of the poet), 240, 241. PoKsox, Richard, 244-245. Porter, Mrs. Lucy, 158. Procter, Adelaide, 248. Procteu, B. W., 248; mentioned, 217; quoted, 1.33, 146, 257. Quarles, Francis. 91. Quincv, Richanl, 270. Radcliffc. Dr. John, 322. Raleigh, Carew, 250, 252. Raleigh, Lady, 2,50, 232. Ralei(;ii, SiK Walter, 249-252. Ralph, James, 110. Redding, C_vrus, quoted, 36, 321. Reid, Stuart J., quoted, 280. Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 21, 121, 122, i23, 153, 160, 161, 167, 168, 222. Richard HI., 2ti9. Richardson, Sa jiuel, 252-255 ; nientioned, 16, 118; quoted, 215. Richardson, JL's. Samuel, 253, 255. Riley, Henry Thomas, 46. Ritchie, Mrs. R. (Anne Thackeray), 303. Robinson, Henry (_'., mentioned, 321; quoted, 15, 56, 57, 193. Robinson, Jacob, 27. Robinson, William, quoted, 314. Rochester, Earl of, 95. Rogers, Dr. Joseph, 125. RotiERS, Sajiuel, 255-258; meu" tioned. 15, 22, 32, -36, 73, 93, 165, 221, 262, 284, .321; quoted, S3, ,57, 58, 69, .30f), 319. Roper, JMargaret, 225. Roscoe, Will am, quoted, 243. Roubilliac, S. F., 2.57. Rousseau, J. J, 143, 144. 162. RowE, Nicholas, 258-259. Rowton, Lord (see Montagu Corry). Russeli, Dr. William H., 305. St. John, Heniy (Bnlingbroke), 242. Salter, Mr. (Don Saltero), 2I»1. Savage, Richard, 2.59-261; men- tioned, 157. 288. Scott, Sir Walter, 261-263; men- tioned, 73: quoted, 92, 93, 94, 175. Severn, Joseph, 181. Shadwell, Thomas, 264 ; men- tioned, 92; quoted, 107. Shakspcre, Edmond, 267, 269. Shakspere, 264-271; mentioned, 20, 71, 125, 146, 153, 154, 162, 172, 175, 176, 215, 216, 257. 286, 301, .306, 315, 316: quoted, 223. 338 INDEX OF PERSONS. SiiELLKY, Pkucy Byssiik, 271-272. Slielk'V, Mrs., 271. Sliflli-y, Sir Timothy, 272. SiiEN.sToNK, William, 272. Siicppard, Jack, 143. Siii;i;ii)AN, liiciiAHO Bkinslky, 273-275; mentioned, 80, 1G7. Sheridan, Mrs. (.Miss i.inl.'v), 273. SlllKLKV, .I.VMES, 27.0-27(i. Shirley, Mrs. James, 270. Siddons, Mrs., 283. Sidney, Sih I'hilip, 270-277. Sioane, Sir Hans, 224. Smith, Cliarles Hoacli, (j^uoted, 9, 45, 240, 254. Smith, George, 23. Smith, IIokace, 277-278. Smith, James, 277-278. Smith, James, quoted, 23. Smith, Robert ('Bobus'), 170, 256, 280. Smith, Sydney, 278-280; men- tioned, 93. Smithwick, John, 91. Smollett, Tobias, 280-282. Somerset, Protector, 311. SOUTHEKNE, TlIOMAS, 282-284. Soi'THEY, KouERT, 284-285; nien- tione'd, 00, 132, 187; quoted, 318, 319. Sparks, .Tared, 111. Spei;ht, T., quoted, 40. Spence, Joseph, 2, 0, 8, 03, 05, 231, 240. Spenser, Edmund, 285-286; men- tioned, 91, 146. Spenser, Gabriel, 173. S])iller. Jolm, 54. Sprat, Dean Thomas, 65. Stanfield, Clarkson, 85, 217. Stanhope. Sir AVilliam. 241. Stanley, Dean Arthur Penrhyn, men- tioned. 315; (|U()ted. 47, 8(1, 91, 112, 174, 203, 204, 229. 280. Staunton, Howard, quoted, 253. Steele, Sir PtiCHARD, 287-291; mentioned, v, x, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 97, 2GI. Steele, Lady, 288, 289, 290. Steele, Mrs. Pochard, 288. Sterne, Laukexce, 292-294. Stevens, (ieorge, 210. Stoddard, Sarah (Mrs. Ila/litt), 131. Stow, John, mentioned, viii; (juoted, 48, 104, 127, 173, 195, 227, 235, 207, 209. Strype, John, menti2;i8. King's Ih'Uil Tavern, Islington, 239. King's Iloiul Tiivern, Ivy Lane, 1(!7. King's Head Tavern, Pall Mall, 2J0. King's Head Tavern, Tower Street, •2:». King's Place, Pall ALilI, 11. King's Koad, Canuien Town, 82. King's Koail, Fulham, -i. King's Koad ( Theobald's Road), Bedford Row, 87, 88. King's Si|uare (Solio Scjuare). 01, 101. King's Scjuare Court, Solio, 01. Kingston, 207. Kingstou-upon-Hull, 208. Kingston-on-Tlianies, iVl. King Street, Cheapside, 5C, 260. King Street, Covent Garden, 57, DG, 15G, 258, 278, 307. King Street, Grosvenor S(|uare, 90. King Street, St. James's Street, 11, :j()5. King Street, Westminster, 75, 2'J3, 239, 285, 280, 297, 300. King William Street, City, 125. King William Street, Strand, 282. Kit Kat Club, 8, 64, 218, 289, 290. Knightsbridge, 239. Lady Chapel, Westminster Abbey, 47. Lalla Rookh Cottage, Muswell Hill, 221. Lamb's Cottage, Edmonton, 192. Lancaster Court, Strand, 244. Langliam, Norfolk, 207. Langliam Street, Marylebone, 21, 37. Lansdowne House, Berkeley Scjuare, 220. Lant Street, Borough, 81. Lauderdale House, Highgate Hill, 207, 208. Lawn Bank, .John Street, Harnp- stead, 180, 181, 182. Lawn Cottagi^, John Street, Ilamp- stead, 181. Lawrence I\Ianor House, Chelsea, 281. Lawrence Street, Chelsea, 281. Leadeidiall .Market, 185. Leg Tavern, King Street, Westmin- ster, 236. Leicester Court, Leicester Fields, 149. Leicester Fields {see Leiee^ter Square). Leicester House, Leicester Fields, 93, 285. Leicester Square, 61, 137, 149, 288, 297, 299. Leonard Place, Kensington, 150. Lewis Place, Great Orniund Street, 201. Lewis Place, Hammersmith Road, Fnlhain, 194. Lichfield, 1. Lime Grove, Putney Hill, 113. Lincoln's Inn, G1,"g2, 223, 226, 232, 320. Lincoln's Inn Fields, 8, 37, 54, 74, 84, llO, 195, 198, 217, 238. Lincoln's Inn Gateway, 171, 172, 173. Lindsay Lane, Westminster, 238. Lion and Sun Hotel. Highgate, 59. Lisbon, Spain, 106. Lisle Street, Leicester Square, 87, 143, 285. Litchfield Street, Soho, -309. Literary Club {see The Club). Little Britain, 110, 111, 144, 1.55. Little College Street, Camden Town, 82. Little Dean's Yard, Westminster, 51. Little NewjHirt Street, Long Acre, 93. Little Queen Street, Holborn, 186, 187. Little Ryder Street. 297. Little Tower Street, 307. Little Turnstile, Holborn, 213. Liverpool Road, 188. Lloyd's, Abchurch Lane, 290. Load of Hav Tavern, Haverstock Hill, 289, 2*90. INDEX OF PLACES. 355 Lockitt's Ordinary, Charing Cross, 24«. Lombard Street, 152, 197, 239, 240, 290, ;J00. London Bridge, 25, 199, 209, 225, 238, 2GG, 295. London Institntion, Finsbury Circus, 78, 245. London Wall, 177, 195, 196, 200, 2-31. Long Acre, viii, x, 29, 61, 92, 96, 247, 301, 302. Long's Hotel, New Bond Street, 32, 34, 203. Lordship's Lane (or Road), Stoke Newington, 77. Lothbury, 138. Lovell's Court, Paternoster Row, 253, 254. Lower Belgrave Place (Buckingham Palace Road), 71-72. Lower Grosvenor Street, New Bond Street, 73, 273. Lower Heath Road, Hampstead, 180. Lower Richmond Road, 154. Lower Rosoman Street, Clerkenwell, 318. Lower Series Place, Fleet Street, 8. Luke Street, Westminster, 71. Lyceum Theatre, 113. iM.VIDA Y,\LK, 154. Maid Lane, Bankside, 206. Maidenhead Court, St. :^L^rtin's-le- Grand, 212. Maiden Lane, Covent Garden. 207, 24"). Maiden Lane, L^pper Thames Street, 45. :\rall. The. 41, 213. ^Manchester Square, 102, 114. Manor House, ('hiswick, 241. ]\Iansion House, City, 275. :\rari)le Arch, viii, 86, 293. Marbledown Place, Burton Crescent, 271. ^Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, •36. INLirket Lane, Pall Mall, 298. Mark Lane, City, 31G. Marshalsea Place, Southwark, 80. Marshalsea Prison, 79-80, 81, 82, 320. Marylebone Church, 140. Marj-lebone High Street, 12. Marylebone Lane, 114. Marylebone Road, viii, 12, 30, 83, 14G. Marylebone Street, 21. Mawson Lane, Chiswick, 241. Mawson Row, Chiswick, 241. Maynard Street, Muswell Hill, 221. Mav's Buildings, St. Martin's Lane, 274. Mecklenburgh Square, 82. Mercers' Hall, 179. Merchant Taj'lors' School, 1, 275, 285. Mermaid Tavern, Cheapside, 20, 175- 176, 270. Metropolitan Meat Market, Charter House Street, 19. Michael's Grove, Brompton Road, 1.53. Middle Heath Road, Hampstead, 180. Middle Scotland Yard, 37. Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer Street, 140, 199. Middle Temple, 27, 63, 67, 75, 78, 100, 104, 121, 126, 220, 249, 258, 264, 273, 284. 322. Middle Temple Gate. 27. Middle Temple Hall, 269. Jliddleton Buildings, Regent Street, .37. Milbourne House, Barnes Common, 106. Mile End, 250. Milk Street, Cheapside, 17, 170, 222, 2-36. Mill Walk, Battersea, 242. Milton Street, Cripplegate, 78, 108. ^Mincing Lane, 235. :\rinories, 47, 276, 317. ^lissolonghi, Greece, 34. Milford Lane, Strand, 170, 258. ^Mitre Chambers, Fenchitrch Street, 2-36. ^litre Court Buildings, Temple, 188. Mitre Court, Fleet Street, 169. Mitre Court, Wood Street, Cheapside, 2.36. 356 INDEX OF I'LACES. ."Mitre Tavern, Fencliuuli Street, 23G Mitre Tavern, KKut Stivit, 108, 1G9, 2:56. Mitre Tavern, St. James's Market, 103-KU. Mitre Tavern, Wood Street, Cheap- side, 2:56. Moninoutii House, Lawrence Street, Clielsea, 281. Montague Square, 2.'5. Monument Yard, ("ity, 118. Moorliclds, 19.5, 190, ':{!;■), :J18. Mortimer Street, Cavendisli Scjuare, 140, 151, 199. Mortlake, 9. Mount Street, Berkelej' Square, 71. Mulberry ("luh, 118. Mulberry Gardens, 95, 101-102. Museum Club, 155. Muswell Hill, 221. Muswell Hill Road, 221. Nag's He.vd Tavekx, High Street, Borough, 320. National Deposit Bank, Uussell Street, Covent Garden, 55. National Portrait Gallery, 9, 14G. Navv Office, Seething Lane, 233- 234. Neville Court, Fetter Lane, 17. New Bond Street, 31, 33, 107, 2G3. New Buildings, Chiswick, 241. Newcomen Street, Southwark, 320. New Court, Temple, 7. New Court, Tiirogmorton Street, 130. New Finchley Road, 139. New Fish Street, City. 239. Newgate Prison, 2-32," 261, 320. Newgate Street, 18, 26, 57, 97, 117, 146, 167, 168, 187, 28."). Newington Causeway, 146. Newington Green, 16, 76, 2.56, 316. New Inn, Wych Street, 222. New Law. Courts, 170, 195, 196, 198. New Oxford Street, viii. New Palace Yard, 117-118. 208, 238. New Park Street, Southwaik, 266. Newport Market. 3055. Newport Street, St. Martin's Lane, 01, 242, 309. New tiueen Street, Upper Thames Street, 17G. New River, 190, 191. New Road (Marvlebone Road), viii, 146. New Square, Lincoln's Inn, 226. Newstead Abbey, 34. New Street, Covent Garden, 156. Newton House, Campden Hill, 228. New Wells, Clerkenwell, 318. Nightingale Lane, lligligale, 58. Norfolk Street, Strand, 58, 217, 2.32. North Bank, St. .John's Wood, 98-99. North End, Fnlliam, 10, 68, 254, 255. North End Road. 8. North Gower Street, Bedford Square, 79, 80. North Road, Highgate, 59. Northumberland Street, Marvlebone, 78. Northumberland Street, Strand, 152, 155, 172. Nottingham Place, Marvlebone, 23. Notting Hill, 2J9. October Clur, 243. 244, 300. Old Bailey, 120, 261, 323. Old Baptfst Head Tavern, 126, 170. Old Bond Street, 21, 292, 293. < )ld Broad Street, 18, 235, 240, 317, 318. Old Brompton Road, 146. Old Burlington Street, 10, 112. Old Cavendish Street, Oxford Street, 37. Old Fish Street, City, 239. Old Jewry, 89, 245. Old Kensington Square (see Ken- sington Square). Old Palace Yard. 251. Old Red Lion Inn, 126, 170, ;508. Old St. Pancras Road, 118. 271. One Tun Tavern, St. James's Market, 274. Onslow Square, -303-304. Orange Chapel, St. Martin's Street, 227. INDEX OF PLACES. 357 Orange Street, Leicester Square, 89, 137. Orbell's Buildings, Kensington, 228. Orchard Street, Portman Square, 27.3, 279. Orcliard Street, Westminster, 137. Our Club, 154. Oxendon Street, Haymarket, 18. Oxford, 2, 9, GO, 114, 195, 197, 198, 232, 234, 287, 318. Oxford Circus, 18. Oxford Street, viii, 18, 78, 140, 293. Ozinda's Coffee House, 300. Paddixgton, 147. Palace Chambers, St. James's Street, 303. Palace Gardens, Kensington, 202. Palace Gate, Kensington, 150. Palace Green, Kensington, 304. Palace Yard, Lambeth, 25. Palace Yard, Westminster, 76. Pall Mall, 7, 9, 11, 24, 28, 57, 58, 114, 144, 151, 154, 204, 206, 207, 221, 244, 247, 251, 258, 262, 278, 290, 292. 297, 298, 300, 306, 308, 312. Pall Mall Place, Pall Mall. 11. Palsgrave's Head Inn. Strand, 247. Palsgrave's Place, Strand, 247. Palsgrave Restaurant, Strand, 208. Pantheon, Oxford Street, 78. Paper Buikhngs, Temple, 183. Paradise Tavern, 238. Park Lane, 24, 32, 89. Park Place, St. .James's Street, 144, 288. Park Street, Grosvenor Square, 90. Park Street, Sonthwark, 17, 18, 70, 163, 174, 266. Park Village, Regent's Park, 153. Paris, France, 295. Paris Garden, Bankside, 268. Parliament Street, Westminster, 81, 244. Parsloe's Coffee House, vSt. James's Street, 62. Parson's Green, Fulliani, 13, 254, 255. Parson's Green Lane, 131. Paternoster Row, 22, 23, 44, 94, 105, 253. Paul's Cross, 108-109. Paul's School, 109, 211, 233. Paul's Wharf, 105. Pavement, High Street, Clapham, 200. Pavement, Moorfields, 177-178. Peabody Buildings, Drury Lane, 75. Peak Hill Aveime, Sydenham, 36. Peak Hill Road, Sydenham, 36. Peak Hill, Sydenham, 36. Peckham, 119. Peerless Pool, Old Street Road, 215. Pembridge Villas, Bayswater, 203. Penton Street, Pentonville, 126. Pentonville Road, viii, 126, 146. Peterborough House, Parson's Green, 255. Petersham, 112. Peter Street, Westminster, 70. Petty France, Westminster, 213, 214. Phtcnix Alley, Long Acre, 301-302. Phoenix Street, Somers Town, 116. Physicians' Hal!, Warwick Lane, Paternoster Row, 94. Piazza, Covent Garden, 51, 154, 155, 219, 274, 312. Piccadillo Hall, 295. Piccadilly, 10, 30, 32, 34, 37, 53, 73, 242, 261,262. Piccadilly Circus, 30. Piccadilly Terrace, 32. Pickett Street, St. Clement Danes, 196. Pied Bull Inn, Islington, 249-250. Pillars of Hercules Tavern, 261. Pimlico, 37. Pineapple Inn, New Street, 156. Pinner's Court, Old Broad Street, 18. Pinner's Hall, 17, 18, 317, 318. Pitcher's Court, Great Bell Alley, Coleman Street, City, 20. Pitt's Buildings, Kensington, 228. Pitt's Place, Parson's Green, 254. Pitt Street, Kensington, 228. Playhouse Yard, Ludgate Hill, 265. Plough Court, Carey Street, 198. Plough Court, Lombard Street, 240- 358 INDEX OF I'LACES. rioiigh Inn, High Street, Clapliam, 201. Plough Inn, I'lougli Court, Carey Street, VM. Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey, 5, 37, 47, 71, 79, 130, 274, 285, 280, 288, 315. Poet's Head, Pha-nix Alley, 301. Poland Street, Oxford Street, 72. Polygon, Soniers Town, 110. Pompeii, 24. Pontack's Ordinary, 102, 209, 300. Pope's Head Alley, Cornliill, 239. Pope's Head Inn, Chancery Lane, 239. Pope's Head Inn, Pope's Head Alley, 239. Pope's Villa, Twickenham, 241-242. Portland Hotel, Portland Place, Ox- ford Street, :i20. Portland Place, Hannnersmith, 58. Portland Place, Oxford Street, 320. Portman Square, 30, 102, 312. Portsea, 79. Portsmouth, 125. Portsmouth Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 143. Portugal IJow, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 74. Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 8, 10, 74, 143. Poultnev Hill, 115. Poultry", 77, 137, 179, 223, 277. Princes Square, Katcliffe Highway, 296, 297. Princes Street, Hanover Square, 256. Priory, St. John's Wood, 98-99. Prospect Place, Newington Butts, 284. Puddle Wharf, Blackfriars, 265, Pump Court, 104. Putney, 9, 141, 149. Putney Bridge, 142, 154. Pntnev Common, 153, 154. Putney Hill, 113. Quaker Tavekn, Westminster, 239. Queen Anne Mansions, Westminster, 132, 214. Queen Anne Street, Cavendish Square, 21, 27, 71, 131. Queen's Arms Tavern, Cheapside, 179. Queen's Arms Tavern, Newgate Street, 97, 1G8. (iueen's Arms Tavern, St. Paul's Churchyard, 167-168. Queensbury House, 112. C^ueen's College, Cambridge, 19. (.Queen's College, O.xford, 2. Queen's Gate, South Kensington, 146. Queen's Head Alley, Newgate Street, 167. Queen's Head Lane, Islington, 249. Queen's Head Street, Islington, 2r)0. Queen's Head Tavern, Cheapside, 179. Queen's Head Tavern, Islington, 249, 250. Queen's Hotel, Queen Street, Soho, 125. Queen's Road, Finchley Road, 139. Queen's Row, Knightsbridge, 226. Queen Square, Bloomsbury, 51, 72, 73. Queen Street, Berkeley Square, 273, 280. Queen Street, Hammersmith, 226. Queen Street, Soho, 124, 125. Queen Street, Upper Thames Street, 176, 237. Queen Victoria Street, 223, 265. Rainbow Tavern, 27. Eanelagh, 60. Ratcliffe Highway. 54, 296. Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, 131. Rational Club, 155. Reading, 217. Red Bull Theatre, Clerkenwell, 75, 264, 316. Red Bull Yard, Clerkenwell, 75, 264, 315, 316. Red Lion and Sun Hotel, Highgate, 59. Red Lion Fields, Holborn, 214. Red Lion Hill, Hampstead, 14. Red Linn Inn, Parliament Street, 81. INDEX OF PLACES. 359 Red Lion Square, 214, 248. lieform Club, 154, 306. Regent's Park, 18, 98, 138, 199, 262. Rhenish Wine Inn, Canon Row, Westminster, 239. Rhenish Wine Inn, Steel Yard, Upper Thames Street, 239. Richard's Coffee House (Dick's), 67. Richmond, 62, 308. Richmond Bridge, 62. Rising Sun Tavern, Enfield, 191. Robert Street, Adelphi, 138. Robin Hood Tavern, Essex Street, Strand, 28. Robinson's Coffee House, Charing Cross, 260. Rogue's Lane, Fleet Street, 8. Rope Makers' Alley, Moorfields, 77- 78. Rope Makers' Street, Moorfields, 78. Rosamond's Pond, St. James's Park, 61. Rose Street, Bankside, 174. Rose Street, Covent Garden, viii, 29, 95-96. Rose Street, Newgate Street, 60. Rose Tavern, Brydges Street, 113. Rose Tavern, Holborn Hill, 301. Rose Tavern, Russell Street, Covent Garden, 2-39. Ro.se Theatre. Bankside, 174, 268. Rosslyn Hill, Hampstead, 16. Rota Club, 208, 238. Round Court, Strand, 282. Royal Academy of Arts, 32. Royal Albert Hall, 195. Royal Exchange, 63, 69, 76, 77, 92, 239, 313. Royal Institution, Albemarle Street, 102. Royal Society, 229, 235. Rummer Court, Spring Gardens, 246. Rummer Tavern, Spring Gardens, 246. Running Footman Tavern, Charles Street, Bei-keley Square, 24. Russell Square, 217. Russell Street, Covent Garden, x, 6, 7, 21, 55, 62, 71, 101, 149, 154, 15.5, 170, 189, 226, 237, 239, 243, 291, 300. Rutland House, Aldersgate Street, 75. Ryder Street, 297. Sadlers Wells Theathe, 190. St. Albans, 67. St. Alban's Place, Haymarket, 298. St. Alban's Street, Haymarket, 298. St. Andrew's Church, Holborn, 87. 131-132, 2-59. St. Andrew's Hill, 265. St. Andrew' s-by -the- Wardrobe, 265- St. Anne's Church, Carter Lane, 265. St. Anne's Church, Soho, 134. St. Anne's Hill, Chelsea, 65. St. Anne's Lane (St. Anne's Street), Westminster, 136-137. St. Anne's Street, Westminster, 137. St. Anthon3''s Free School, Thread- needle Street, 222. St. Bartholomew-the-Great, 214. St. Benedict's Chapel, Westminster Abbey, 20, 48. St. Benefs Church, Paul's Wharf, 105. St. Bennet Fink, 16, 240. St. Botolph's Church, Aldgate. 47. St. Bride's Church, Fleet Street, 92, 199, 255. St. Bride's Churchyard, Fleet Street, 211, 212. St. Clement Danes' Church, 92, 117, 165-166, 170, 195, 196, 231. St. Dunstan's Church, Canterbury, 225. St. Dunstan's Church, Fleet Street, 6, 17, 91, 198, 257. St. Dunstan's Churchyard, 314. St. Faith's Church. 2n. St. George's Church, Hanover Square, 4, 99, 293. St. George's Church, Southwark, SO, 81, 320. St. George's Hospital, Ilvde Park, 149. St. George's Place, Hyde Park, 149. St. George Street, Shadwell, 54, 296. 360 INDEX or TLACES, St. Giles's Churcli, Cripplcgate, 76, 77, 108, 215. '21G. St. Giles's-iii-tlic-Kielils, 208, 276. St. Helen's, Bisliopsgate, 2G8. St. James's Cluircli, Clorkcnwell, au. St. James's Chuivli, Garlickhithe, 45. St. James's Cofteu lluusf, St. James's Street, 7, 89, 290, 299. St. James's Hotel, Jennyn Street, 203. St. James's Market, 103, 104, 274, 298. St. James's Market Place, 17, 18. St, James's Park, 41, Gl, 101, 115, 213, 214, 238, 246. St. James's Place, 1, 6, 32, 73, 90, 205, 257-258, 2(>2, 285. St. James's Square, 28, 49, 109-110, 297. St. James's Street, 7, 8, 31, 33, 35, 37,54, 62, 89, 110, 114, 115, 142, 167, 204, 221, 240, 244, 247, 259, 274, 291, 297, 303, 310, 312. St. John's Chapel, John Street, Hampstead, l!^2. St. John's College, Cambridge, 171. St. John's Gate, Clerkeuwc'.l, 157, 260. St. John's Lane, Clerkenwell, 126, 170, 260. St, John's Road, Islington, -308. St. John's Street, Clerkenwell, 19, 75, 260, 264, 315. St. John's Street Road, Islington, 126, 170. St. John's Wood, 1.38, 154, 193. St. John -the -Evangelist, Smith Square, 50-51. St. Katherine-Cree, 47. St. Lawrence's Church, Brentford, 309. St. Luke's Church, Chelsea, 63, 225, 264, 290. 298. St. Luke's Hospital, Old Street, 215. St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, .35. 66-67, 2-33, 252, 310. St. Margaret's Hill. Southwark, 48. St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, 11, 41. 92, 104, 171, 172, 173, 220, 245, 278, 301, .-JO^. St. Martins Lane, 61, 156, 176, 242, 274, 295. St. Martin's-le-Grand, 97, lu8, 212. St. Martin's Street, Leicester Scjuare, 72-73, 227, 228, 299. St. Mary Aldermary, Watling Street, 45. St. Maiy-at-Hill, 324. St. Marv Axe, 87, 317. St. Maryiebone Churcli, 12, -30. St. Mary-lc-Bow Church, 210. St. Mary-lc-Savoy, 320. St. Mary-le-Strand, 116. St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street, 17. St. Mary Magdalen, Ricinnond, 308. St. Mary Overy. 107, 108, 12G, 127, 209, 266, 267* 2G9. St. Mary's Chapel, Westminster Abbey," 47. St. JLiry's Church, Ealing, 309. St. Mary's Church, Kensington, G2, 63, 151, 203. St. Mary's Church, Putney, 113. St. Mary's Church, Wyndham Place, Bryanston Square, 194. St. Mary Woolchurcli, 275. St. Michael's Alley, Cornhill, 245. St. Michael's Church, Cornhill, 128. St. Miciiael's Church, Highgate, 58. St. Michael's Church, Old Verulam, 13. St. Michael's Court, Cornhill, 245. St. ]\Iildrcd's Church, Bread Street, 271. St. Mildred's Court, Poultry, 137. St. Nicholas's Church, Deptford, 204- 205. St. Olave's Chiirch, Hart Street, 233, 234, 235, 238. St. Paucras Gardens. 118, 271, 272. St. Pancras-in-the-Fields (Old St, Pancras Church), 116, 118, 271, 273, 316, St. Paul's Cathedral, .39, 109, 276- 277, 279. St. Paul's Church, Covcnt G.irden. x, 29, 41, 218, 283, 284, 302, 321. 323. INDEX OF PLACES. 361 St. Paul's Church, Dock Street, 54. St. Paul's Church, Hammersmith, 226. St. Paul's Churchyard, 7, 109, 137, 167-168, 211, 2.36, 271. St. Paul's School (see Paul's School). St. Paul's School, Shadwell, 54. St. Peter's Church, Sumner Street, Southwark Bridge Road, 268. St. Peter's College (see Westminster School). St. Peter's Street, St. Albans, 67. St. Saviour's Church, Southwark, 107, 108, 126, 127, 20J, 260, 267, 269. St. Sepulchre's Church, Holborn, 26, 116, 117. St. Swithin's Church, London Stone, 92. St. Thomas's Hospital, 10, 178. St. Vedast's Church, Foster Lane, 136. Salisbury, 1. Salisbury Court, Fleet Street (see Salisbury Square). Salisbury Square, 92, 118, 198, 229, 253, 264. Salutation and Cat Inn, Newgate Street, 60, 187, 285. Salutation Inn, Newgate Street, 00. Samson's Ordinary, St. Paul's Churchyard, 236. ' Sandford, Manor House, Chelsea, 3. Sand}' End, Fulhani, 2. Sardinia Place, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 111. Sargent's Inn, 64. Savile Club, 274. Savile House, Twickenham, 219. Savile Row, Burluigtou Gardens, 112,130,273, 374,279. Savoy, The, 69, 238. Savov Buildings, Strand, 170, 290, 300. Savoy Chapel, 46, 320. Savoy Hill. 46. Savoy Palace, 46. Savoy Street, 46, 320. Sayes Court, Deptford. 100, 101. Sayes Court Street, 101. Schomberg House, 300. Scotland Yard, 207, 213- Scriblerus Club, 113, 243, 244, 300. Seething Lane, 233, 234, 235, 2-30. Selby House, North End, Hammei-- smith, 254. Serle's Coffee House, 8, 10. Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 8, 10, 198. Sessions House, Westminster, 239. Sevenoaks, 129, 200. Seymour Place, Connaught Square, 194. Seymour Street, Portman Square, 23, 36. Shacklewell, 184. Shadwell, 75. Shaftesbury House, Kensington Road, 275. Shanet Place, Strand, 247. Sheffield Street, Clare Market, 290. Ship Tavern, Charing Cross, 246. Ship Tavern, Little Tower Street, 307. Ship Yard, Strand, 196. Shire Lane, Fleet Street, 8, 141, 218, 291. Shoe Lane, v, 42, 43, 44, 124, 199, 238, 314. Shooter's Court, Throgniorton Street, 1,30. Shoreditch, 42, 172, 227. Simpson's Tavern, 170. Sir Richard Steele's Tavern, Haver- stock Hill, 290. Skinner Street, Holborn, 26, 116-117. Slaughter's Coffee House, 61, 242. Sloane Street, Knightsbridge, 30, 150, 194. Sloane Terrace, Sloane Street, 30. Smith Square, Westminster, 50. Smith Street, Westminster, 284. 288. Smyrna Coffee House, Pall Mall, 247, 299, 300. 308. Snow Hill. 25-26, 117. Socictv of Arts, v, 28, -30, 90, 102, 111,' 112, 222, 227, 273, 311. Soho Square, 60, 61, 63, 78, 101, 124- 125, 140. 3G2 INDKX OF PLACES. Somerset House, 46, C8, 310, 311. Somerset I'lacc, Portmau Sciiian-, 273. Somers Town, 116, 141. Soutliamiiton Buildings, Holboru, ];i;i, i;i.^, 188, loi. Soutliamiiton ( 'ofiVc Iluuse, Soutli- ainptdu Buildings, 135. Soutliamiiton House, Bloomsbury Square, 52. Southampton House, Holborn, 52. Southampton How, Bloomsbury S(|uaru, 128, 217, 248. Southampton Square, 17. Southampton Street, Bloomsbury Square, 52. Southampton Street, Strand, 52, 03, 321. South Audley Street, 41, 49, 50, 8J, 137, 219. Southgate, 144. South Kensington {see Kensington). South Kensington Museum, 83, 85, 111. South Sea House, 184-185. South Square, Gray's Inn, 202. Southwark, 10, 48." 70, 107, 141, 163, 174, 178, 209, 238, 295. Soutiiwark Bridge Crossing, 260. Soutlnvark Bridge Road, 19, 174, 176, 206. Spanish Place, Manchester Square, 102, 206. Spiller's Head Club, 54. Spring Gardens, 41, 52, 5-3, 213, 240, 282. Squire's Coffee House, 8. Stafford, 314. Stanhope Place, Oxford Street, 293. Staple Inn, 159. Star and Garter Tavern, Pall Mall, 247, 300. Star Tavern, Cheapside, 239. Steele's Cottage, Haverstock Hill, 289-290. Steele's Studios, Haverstock Hill, 290. Steel Yard, Upper Thames Street, 239. Stepne}' Church, 250. Stevens's Hotel, New Bond Street, 31. Stockbridge Terrace, Pimlico, 37. Stock Exchange, 130. Stoke Court, Stoke Pogis, 128-129. Stoke Newington, 16, 75, 77, 130, 256, 317. Stoke X<'\viiigton Cluircli, 16. Stoke Pogis, 128-129. Stoke Pogis Church, 129. Strand, 8, 56, 97, 106, 112, 113, 116, 117, 17(1, 183, 197, 208, 227, 235, 238, 247, 249, 2.5(i, 258, 272, 280, 282, 290, 300, 310. Stratford-on-Avon, 264, 270. Stratford Place, O.Kford Street, 279. Stratton Street, Piccadilly, 310. Strawberry Hill, 53, 311, 312. Streatham, Surrey, 102-163. Stretford, Nottinghamshire, 50. Suffolk Lane, Upper Thames Street, 275, 285. Suffolk Street, Haymarket, 298. Sumner Place, Onslow Square, 304. Sumner Street, Southwark, 206. Sun-behind-the-Exchange Inn, 239. Sunbury, Middlesex, 23. Sun Tavern, Chancery Lane, 239. Sun Tavern, King Street, AVestmin- ster, 239. Sun Tavern, Nqw Fish Street, 239. Surrey Street, Strand, 63, C4. Surrey Theatre, Southwar'.i, 141. Sussex Chambers, Duke's Street, St. James's Street, 37. Sussex House, Hammersmith, 206, Sussex Place, Regent's Park, 262. Swallowfield, 217. Swallow Place, Oxford Street, 18. Swallow Street, Piccadilly, 17, 18. Swan Inn, Fenchur.'h Street, 239. Swan Inn, Old Fish Street, 239. Swan Inn, Tottenham, 314-315. Swedish Church, Ratcliffe Highway, 296. Sydenham, 30, 35, 36. Tarard Ixx, Southwark, 48. Tabernacle Row, Finsl)ury, 318. Talbot Inn, Southwark. 48. INDEX OF PLACES. 363 Talbot Inu Yard, 48. Taverns: Adam and Eve, Kensing- ton Eoad,.-aTw^ African, St. Mi- chael's Alley, Conihill, ^; Albi- on, Aldersgate Street, 130; Albion, Russell Street, Covent Garden, 154-155; Argyll Koouis, 295; Arun- del Hotel, Norfolk Street, Strand, 232; Bear and Harrow, Butcher Kow, 196; Bear-at-the-Bridge-Foot, 295, 323 ; Bear Inn, Southwark, 238: 'Bedford Coffee House, (Jovent Garden, 51, 61, 106, 226, 242, 274, 312; Bedford Head Tavern, Maid- en Lane, Covent Garden, 207; Bed- ford Hotel, Covent Garden, 5, 303 ; Bedford Tavern, Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, 207; Bell Inn, Aldersgate, 301; Bell Inn, Carter Lane. 270-271; Bell Inn, Edmon- ton, ix, 192; Bell Inn, King Street, Westminster, 236, 244, 300; Black Jack, 143; Blue Bells, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 2-38; Boar's Head, Eastcheap, 125, 270; Brew House, Axe Yard, 75 ; British Coffee House, 170, 282; Bull and Bush, Hammersmith, 8; Bull, Shore- ditch, 227; Bull, Tower Hill, 231; Bull's Head, Clare Market, 290; Bull's Head, Spring Gardens, 52, 53, 213; ButiiiuX-Jw-Gr-liS, 1"5, 260,-291, 300; Carey House, Strand, 238 ; Castle, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, 273; Castle, Isling- ton, 54; Castle, Savoy, 238; Cat and Fiddle, 218; Chapter Coffee House, 22, 44, 124; Chatelain's, 238; Cheshire Cheese, 120, 170; Child's, 7; Cider Cellar, Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, 245; Clarendon Hotel, New Bond Street, 167; Clifton's, Butcher Row, 170; Clunn's, Covent Garden, 154; Cock, Bow Street, -322, 323; Cock, Fleet Street, 170, 238; Cock, Suf- folk Street, 238; Cock, Tothill Street, 234; Cocoa Tree, 7, 8. 247, 259; Cox's Hotel, Jennyn Street, 30; Crooked Billet, Wimbledon, 309; Cross Keys, St. John's Street, Clerkenwell, 260; Crown and Anchor, Arundel Street, Strand, 155, 170, 258, 280; Crown and Horse-Shoes, Entield, 191; ('rowii, Hercules Pilhii-s' Alley, 237; Crown, King Street, Clieap- side, 260; Crown, King Street, I Westminster, 244; Crown, Vinegar' Yard, 274; Devil, Fleet Street, 6, 7, 124, 169, 175, 238, 290, 300; Dick's, 8, 67, 290; Dolphin, Seeth- ing Lane, 236; Don Saltero's, Chelsea, 112, 282, 291; Doranl's Hotel, Jermyn Street, 30; Doves, llanimersniith, 227, 308; Duke of York's, Shire Lane, 8; Duke's Head, Parson's Green, 255; Essex Head, 168 ; Falcon, Bankside, 25, 176, 268, 270; Feathers, 187; Fischer's Hotel, New Bond Street, 31 ; Fleece, Covent Garden, 237 ; Fountaine, Strand, 170, 290, 300; Caraway's, 300; George, Church Street, Kensington, 228; George, Pall Mall, 300; George, Strand, 226, 227, 272; Globe, Bankside, 266; Globe, Fleet Street, 124, 300; Goat, Charing Cross, 238 ; Golden Eagle, New Street, 238; Golden Fleece, Edmonton, 192; Golden Hart, Greenwich, 157; Golden L'on, Charing Cross, 238 ; Gordon's Ho- tel, Albemarle Street, 32; Grecian, Devereux Court, Strand, 7, 10, 124, 108. 229, 291; Half Moon, Aiders- gate Street, 64, 176, 323; Hand-in- Hand, Wimbledon, 309; Harrow, Fleet Street. 313; Haycock's, 208; Heaven, 238 ; IIoll, 238 ; Hercules Pillars', 273, 291; Holland Arms, Kensington, 4; Holly Bush, Hampstead, 14; Horse and Groom, Edmonton, 192; Ilummums, Co- vent Garden, 68-09; Jack's (Walker's Hotel), Queen Street, Soho, 124-125; Jerusalem, St. John's Gate, 157; Jolly Farmer, 364 INDEX OF TLACES. Edmontnii, 1!I2; .Jiiuiii (Black .lack), 14;!; Kiii-'s Anus, Pall Mall, 1); Kiiiy's Head, Fleet Street, 238; King's Head, Islington, 23!); King's Head, Ivy Lane, 167; King-6 Head, Pall Mall, 290; King's Head, Tower Street, 239; Leg, King Street, Westminster, 230; Lien and Sun Hotel, High- gate, 59; Load of Ha^", Haver- stock Hill, 289-290; Lockitt's Ordinary, Charing Cross, 240; Long's Hotel, 32, 34, 2G3; Mer- maid, Cheapside, 20, 175-170, 270; Mitre, Feiichurch Street, 230 ; Mitre, Fleet Street, 168, 169, 236 ; Mitre, St. James's Market, 103- 104; Mitre, Wood Street Cheap- side, 236 ; Mulberry Gardens, 95, 101-102; Nag's Head, Sonthwark, 320; Old Baptist Head, 126, 170; One Tun, 274; Ozinda's, 300: Palsgrave's Head, Strand, 247; Palsgrave Restaurant, 208; Para- dise, 238; Parsloo's, St. .Tames's Street, 62; Piecadillo Hall, 295; Pied Bull, Islington, 249, 250; Pil- lars of Hercules, 201; Pineapple, New Street, 150; Plough, Clapham, 201; Plough, Plough Court, Carey Street, 198; Poet's Head, 301; Pontack's, 102, 299, 300; Pope's He.*d, Chancery Lane, 239 ; Pope's Head, Pope's Head Alley, 239; Portland Hotel, Portland Place, 320; Quaker, Westminster, 239 ; Queen's Arms, Cheapside, 179 ; Queen's Arms, Newgate Street, 97, 168; Queen's Arms, St. Paul's Churchyard, 107, 108; Queen's Head, Cheapside, 179; Queen's Head, Islington, 249, 250; Queen's ^Ilotel, Queen Street, Soho, 125; Eainbow, 27; Red Lion and Sun, Highgate, 59; Red Lion, Parlia- ment Street, 81 ; Rhenish Wine, Canon Row, Westminster, 239; Rhenish Wine, Steel Yard, Upper Thames Street, 239; Richard's, 07; Rising Sun, Enfield, 191; R(;bin Hootl, Esse.K Street, StrantI, 28; Kubinson's, (Sharing Cross, 260; Rose, B-ydges Street, 113; Rose, Holborn 'llill, 301; Rose, Russell Street, Covent Garden, 239; Rum- mer, Spring Gardens, 240; Run- ning Fooiman, Charles Street, Berkeley Square, 24; St. James's Coffee House, St. James's Street, 7, 89, 290, SggTSfTTames's IIo- teTT^'nnyn Street, 263; ■Saluta- tion, Newgate Street, 60; Saluta- tion and Cat, Newgate Street, 60, 187, 285; Samson's, St. Paul's Churchyard, 236; Serle's, 8, 10; Sliij), Charing Cross, 246; Ship, Little Tower Street, 307; Simp- son's, Strand, 170; Sir Richard Steele's, Haverstcick Hill, 290; Slaughter's, 61, 242; Smyrna, 247, 299, 300, 308; Southampton Coffee House, Southamiiton Buildings, 135; Squire's, 8; Star and Garter, Pall Mall, 247, 300; Star, Cheap- side, 239; Sun-behind-the-Ex- chauge, 239; Sun, Chancery Lane, 239 ; Sun, King Street, Westmin- ster, 239; Sun, New Fish Street, 239; Swan, Fenchurch Street, 239; Swan, Old Fish Street, 239; Swan, Tottenham, 314-315; Tabard, Sonth- wark, 48; Talbot, South wark, 48;, Thatched House, St. James's Street,' 204, 291 ; Three-Cranes-iu-the-Vin- try, 170, 237; Three Feathers, Russell Street, Covent Garden, 101; Three Pigeons, Brentford, 177; Three Tuns, Charing Cross, 239; Tom's, Birchin Lane, 44-45; Tom's, Devereux Court, Strand, 10 ; Tom's, Russell Street, Covent Garden, x, 55, 62, 170, 226, 282; Triumphant Chariot, Hyde Park Corner, 261, 291; Trumjpet, Shire Lane, 8, 291; Turk's Head, Gerard Street, Soho, 123, 167; Turk's Head, New Palace Yard, 2:i8, 238; Turk's Head, Strand, 98, 170 INDEX OF PLACES. 365 245; Upper Flask, Hampstead, 9, 242, 289; Vauxhall, 61; Victoria, Muswell Hill, 221; Walker's Hotel, Queen Street, Solio, 124-125; Waterloo Hotel, Jennj-n Street, 2(«; West Indian, St. Michael's Alley, Conihill, 245; White Bear, Southwark, 207; White Conduit Tavern, Islington, 126; White Conduit Tea Gardens, Islington, 126; White Hart, High Street Borough, 270; White Horse, Chel- se^i, 291; White Horse, Kensing- ton, 4; White Horse, Lombard Street, 239; White Rose, West- minster, 47; White Swan, Totten- ham, ;n4-315; Will's, v, x, 7, 95, 113, 170, 175, 189, 234, 243, 282, 291, 299; World's End, Knightsbridge, 239 ; Wrekin, 118, 154-155. Tavistock House, Bloomsburj' Square, 131. Tavistock House, Tavistock Square, 84, 217. Tavistock Row, Covent Garden, 321. Tavistock Square, 84, 217. Teddington, 232. Telegraph Street, Coleman Street, Cify, 20, 21. Temple (see Inner Temple, and Middle Temple). Temple Bar, 7, 8, 17, 67, 169, 172, 173, 175, 208, 236, 238, 272, 300, 313. Temple Church, 123. Temple Gardens, 104-105, 121. Temple Gate, 169, 175. Temple I'lace, Blackfriars Row, 141. Thames Street, 47, 197. Thatched House Tavern, St. .James's ^ Street, 204, 291. Thaver Street, Slanchester Square, 102. The Club (see Club, The). Theobalds, Cheshunt, Herts, 317. Thistle Grove, Fulham Road, Chel- sea, 153. Thomas Street, Southwark, 10. Threadneedle Street, 130, 185, 200, 222. 223, 235, 276. Three-Craues-in-the-Vintry, 176, 237. Three Cranes Lane, Upper Thames Street, 176. Three Feathers Inn, Russell Street, Covent Garden, 101. Three Pigeons Inn, Brentford, 177. Three Tuns Inn, Charing Cross, 239. Throgmorton Avenue, 200. Throgmorton Street, 130, 200. Thurloe Place, South Kensington, 112. Tilbury, 76. Titchfield Street, Soho, 78. Tokenhouse Yard, Lothbury, 138. Tom's Coffee House, Birchin Lane, 44-45. Tom's Coffee House, Devereux Court, Strand, 10. Tom's Coffee House, Russell Street, Covent Garden, x, 55, 62, 170, 226, 282. Took's Court, Cursitor Street, Chan- cery Lane, 274. Tooley Street, Southwark, 179, 238. Torqua}', 24. Tothil Fields, Westminster, 283. Tothill Street, Westminster, 27, 283, 284. Tottenham, 314-315. Tottenham Court Road, viii, 318. Tottenham Court Road Chapel, 318. Tottenham Cross, il4. Tower Chapel, 225. Tower Hill, 225, 231, 2.32, 285. Tower of London, 47. 225, 2.32, 235, 249, 250, 251, 301, 309, 320. Tower Street, 230. Trafalgar Bay, 125. Trafalgar Square, 41, 206, 213, 278. Trinity College, Cambridge, 70, 91, 172," 195. Trinity Row (Upper Street), Isling- ton, 87. Trinity Square, Newington Cause- way, 146. Triumphant Chariot Tavern, Hyde Park Corner, 261, 291. 3G6 INDEX OF PLACES. 'rnimpot Inn, Sliire Liiiic, 8, 291. Tiiftdii Street, Westminster, 179. Tnlly's Ileail, Tall Mall, 11, 28, 257, 312. Timbridgc Wells, 71, 278. Turk's Ilead CulTee House, Strand, 98, 170, 245. Turk's Head Tavern, New Palace Yard, 208, 2:58. Turk's Head Tavern, Soho, 12-J, 1G7. Twickenham, 12, 105, 219, 232, 241, 242. Twickenham Church, 242. Twickenham Park, 12. Tvbuni, 293. Umon Cluh, 278. Union Road, Newington Causeway, 140. Union Street, Borough, 320. United Service Club, 207. Universit}' Street, Tottenham Court Road, 79. Upper Berkeley Street, Portman Square, 194. Upper Cheyne Row, Chelsea, 146- 147, 281.' Upper Flask Tavern, Hampstead, 9, 242, 2^9. Upper Grosvenor Street, 89. Upper Ilarley Street, Cavendish Square, 248" Upper iMall, Hammersmith, 227, 308. Upper Seymour Street, Portman Square, 23. 39. Upper Street, Islington, 69, 87. Upper Thames Street, 45, 105, 176, 239, 285. Upton Road, 154. Uxbridge House, 112. Oxbridge Road, 17, 106, 151. Vai.e of Health, Hampstead Heath, 148, 179. Vauxhall, 61. Vere Street, Clare Market, 290. Vernlam, 13. Vesuvius, 24. Victoria Inn, Muswell Hill, 221. Victoria Street, Buckingham Palace Road, 37. Villiers Street, Strand, 12, 81, 101, 290. Vinegar Yard, Drury Lane, 274. Vme Street, Westminster, 50. Wai^kkh's Hotel, Queen Street, Soho, 124, 125. Wallingford House, Wliitehall, 66. Wallhamstow, Essex, 89. Walwortii Road, 284, Wardour Street, Soho, 134, 275. Wardrobe Place, Doctors' Commons, 265. Wardrol)e Terrace, St. Andrew's Hill, 265. Warner Street, Clerkenwell, 296. Warwick Lane, Paternoster Row, 94. Warwick Street, Charing Cross, 282. Waterloo Bridge, 46. Waterloo Hotel, .Jermvii Street, 203. Waterloo Place, Pall" Mall, 24, 200, 221, 258, 202, 298. Water Oakley, 9. Waller's Club, 34. Watling Street, City, 45, 210-211. Wclbeck Street, Cavendish Square, 114. Wellclosc Square, Shadwell, 54, 75. Wellington Barracks, St. James's Park, 115. Well Road, Hampstead, 180. Well Walk, Hampstead, 16, 179, 180. Wells Lane, Sydenham, 30. Weutworth House, .lohn Street, Hampstead, 180-181, 182. Weutworth Place, Downshire Hill, Hampstead, 180-181, 182. Westbourne Grove, 148. West Horsley. Surrey, 252. West Indian Tavern, St. Michael's Alley, Cornhill, 245. West Kensington Road, Hammer- smith, 254. Westminster Abbev, 5, 20, 24, 37, .39, 47, 51, .53, 60, 74, 91, 94, 101, 112, 130, 164-165, 172, 173, 174, INDEX OF PLACES. 367 20.3-204, 214, 227, 229, 259, 264, 274, 285, 286, 288, 315. Westminster Bridge, 163. Westminster Hall, 225. Westminster Hospital, 28. Westminster Sciiool, 50, 51, 61, G2, 64, 65, 66-67, 70, 91, 114, 136, 171, 173, 195, 197, 246, 258, 284, 309. West Street, Finsbury Circus, 178. Wevmouth Street, Portland Place, 248, 279, White Bear Inn, Bear Gardens, Southwalk, 207. White Conduit Tavern, 126. White Conduit Tea Gardens, 126. Whitefriars, 275. Whitehall, V, 41, 101, 112, 207, 213, 233, 230, 244, 246, 299. Whitehall Gardens, 89. White Hart Inn, High Street, Bor- ough, 270. White Horse Inn, Chelsea, 291. White Horse Inn, Kensington, 4. White Horse Inn, Lombard Street, 239. Whitehorse Street, Piccadilly, 262. White Rose Tavern, Westminster, 47. White's Club, 54. White Swan Inn, Tottenham, 314- 315. Whittington Club, 153, 170, 258. Whitton, 294. Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square, 220. Wild Court, Great Wild Street, 111. Wilderness I.ane, 229. Willis's Rooms, King Street, St. .James's Street, 305. Will's Coffee House, v, x, 7, 95, 113 170, 175, 189, 237, 243, 282, 291, 299. Wimbledon, 309, 310. Wimbledon Common, 206-207, 309. Wimbledon House, Wimbledon Com- mon, 206. Wimbledon Park, 206. ;^3 Wimpole Street, Cavendish Square. 27, 71, 1-31, 151. Winchester Park, Bankside, 26G. Winchester Street, Bankside, 266. Winchester Yard, Bankside, 266. Windmill Hill, Hampstead, 14-15. Windmill Street, Piccadillv, 295. Wine Office Court, 120, 170. Woodbridge Street. Clerkenwell, 75, 264, 316. Woodford, Essex, 278. Woodstock Street, Oxford Street, 157. Wood Street, Cheapside, 136, 176, 236, 322. World's End Tavern, Knightsbridge, 2.39. Wormwood Street, Old Broad Street, 235. Wrekin Tavern, 118, 154-155. Wych Street, Urury Lane, 222. Wyndham Place, Bryanston Square, 194. Yarrow, 322. York Buildings, New Road, 146. York Buildings, Villiers Street. Strand, 290. York Chambers, St. James's Street 37. York Gate, Buckingham Street Strand, 12, 230. York House, 11-12, 290. York Mews, Fulham IJoad, 221. York Place, Marylebone IJoad, 146. York Place, Queen's Elms, Bromp- ton, 221 York Street, Buckingham Gate, 11.5. York Street, Co vent Garden, 79, 84 237. York Street, Westminster, 132-133 214. Young Street, Kensington, 303, 30S ZoAR Chapel, Southwa'k, 25. Zoar Street, Southwark, 25. Zutphen, 276. LITERARY LANDMARKS OF EDINBURGH. By Laurence Hutton, Author of " Curiosities of the American Stage/' " Literary Landmarks of London," etc. Illustrated, pp. 136. 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