The 
 
 Gouernayle of Helthe: 
 
 With 
 
 The Medecyne of y e Stomacke, 
 
 Reprinted from 
 
 CAXTON'S EDITION, 
 
 (circa m. cccc. xci.) 
 
 With Introductory Remarks and Notes, 
 
 By 
 
 WILLIAM BLADES. 
 
 r 
 
 Imprinted by Blades, Eaft, & Blades, 
 
 Abchurch Lane, London. 
 
 1858.
 
 Stack 
 
 Content^. 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE REMARKS : 
 
 I. The Gouernayle of Helthe, its Argu- 
 
 ment and Authorlhip. 
 II. Defcription of MSS. and Printed 
 
 Editions. - 
 III. The Medical Theory upon which its 
 
 Precepts are founded. 
 THE ORIGINAL TEXT. 
 AN ANNOTATED REPRINT. 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 2040492
 
 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 ROM the Commencement of th e prefent 
 I~J Century the Typographical Works of 
 WILLIAM CAXTON have excited a 
 Jieadily increajing Intereft ; yet have they never 
 been accurately and fyfiematically defcribed. To 
 remedy in fame Degree this Deficiency in our 
 Bibliography has been for a confiderable period 
 my Ambition ; and in collecting Materials for 
 this Purpofe THE GOUERNAYLE OP HELTHE 
 came under my Notice. This is certainly one of 
 the moji rare and lea/i known of all Caxtons Pro- 
 ducliom, and Permiffion to reprint it having been 
 moft kindly granted me, I gladly embraced the 
 Opportunity of frejenting to a few Friends who 
 
 had
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 had kindly ajji/ied me in my Purfuit, a Specimen 
 of what the Englijh Prefs in itsjirft Infancy was 
 employed to produce. An Effort has been made, 
 by the Ufe of Types very Jimilar to thofe employed 
 by Caxton, to give this Reprint fomething of the 
 Appearance of the Original. To ejfecl this ft ill 
 further, the Types were caft exprejjly in Pewter, 
 which, from its Softnefs, yields an ImpreJJion 
 refembling more the Productions of the early 
 Printers, than could be obtained from a harder 
 Material. Great Care has been taken to make 
 the Text an accurate Reproduction of the Ori- 
 ginal. Not only has the Orthography been 
 Jlrictly adhered to, but it is printed Page for 
 Page, Line for Line, and Word for Word, 
 with all the Peculiarities and Variations of 
 contracted and double Letters. It has alfo been 
 deemed advifable to follow even the accidental 
 Errors which frequently occur. But, as the 
 Original alone, and in its antique Drefs, might 
 prove more puzzling than interejling to many 
 Readers, even though accujlomed to " black 
 
 Letter"
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 vtj 
 
 Letter" I have added a Reprint m Roman 
 Type, which, for the Sake of Reference, cor- 
 rejponds Page for Page with the Text. In thin 
 the Punctuation and a feiv of the Contractions 
 have been altered, with the Intention of rendering 
 more plain fome of the confufed Paffages. At 
 the foot of each Page, Variations from the 
 Text, found in Manufcript Copies of the Work, 
 and a few other Notes, have been added. As 
 introductory to the Whole, I have ventured to 
 annex fome illujlrative Remarks, and can only 
 regret that this Portion of the Work is not 
 more worthy of the Subject and the Reader's 
 Attention. 
 
 The Frcntijpiece reprejents mojl accurately 
 the firji Page of the Original Book, and, for 
 a' printed Fac-Jimile* has probably never been 
 excelled. 
 
 * This is due to the Care and Talents of Mr. G. I. F. Tupper, 
 Lithographic Artijl, Barge Yard, Bucklerjlury . 
 
 The
 
 riij PREFACE. 
 
 The Original is preferred in the Library of 
 the EARL OF DYSART, at Ham Houfe, Surrey ; 
 and through the Kindnefs and Affability of the 
 HON. ALGERNON TOLLEMACHE, which I beg 
 gratefully to acknowledge, I am enabled to 
 prefent the Reader with this Reprint. 
 
 Only 55 Copies have been printed, which will 
 be the Limit of the IJJue. 
 
 W. B. 
 
 ABCHURCH LANE, 
 Auguft, 1858. 
 
 30C # &' $ ' 
 
 Iff, 5CC & 
 
 )ec )c( 
 
 K 
 
 REMARKS.
 
 tttmtttmtmtttttmttmt 
 
 REMARKS.
 
 > <g v^ v^ v^ v^ v^ s<^ *^ v^ v^ v^ v^ v^ *^ v^ v^ v^ v^ v^ v^ v^ v^ *^ 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 The Gouernayle of Helthe Its Authorjhip and 
 Argument The Medicina Stomachi. 
 
 THE "GOUERNAYLE OF HELTHE," as its 
 name imports, is an ErTay on the means of obtaining 
 and preferving bodily Health. Although known only 
 hitherto by one Title, the Work as iflued from Caxton's 
 Prefs really conlifts of two diftincl compositions, the 
 " Gouernayle of Helthe," and the "Medicina Stomachi j" 
 of, as it is called in fome Manufcripts, the "Dietary." 
 Their union in One Volume was probably owing entirely to 
 fimilarity of Subject ; but each being complete in itfelf, 
 they will in the following Remarks be confidered feparately. 
 
 The " Gouernayle " was originally written in Latin, and 
 loon after translated into Englilh ; but no trace of the 
 
 Translator's
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 Tranflator's name is left. The Date of the Original com- 
 pilation is unknown ; we can only gather from the non- 
 exiftence of Manufcripts in characters of an earlier hand- 
 writing than the latter half of the I4th Century, that it 
 was probably compofed about that time. The evidence of 
 Authorfhip is very fcanty and uncertain. Of the ten 
 Examples defcribed in Chapter II. (eight of which are 
 Manufcript and two printed), only two, (both MSS.) have 
 any name attached to them. Thefe are Sloane 989 and 
 2460. Both will be fully defcribed in the following 
 Chapter, but their teftimony regarding the Authorfhip will 
 be here ftated. 
 
 Of the two Manufcripts, that numbered 989 is the more 
 important. The whole Volume is called, in the fecond 
 line, "The Gounale of Helth," and comprifes altogether 
 28 Chapters, the heads of which are indexed at the com- 
 mencement. The Treatife begins with the "Gouernayle" 
 in 8 Chapters, as in Caxton's Edition, but continues for 
 20 Chapters more, devoted principally to die virtues of 
 Herbs j at the end of this is the Colophon, "This lytel boke 
 compiled a worthi clerke called John de Burdeux," &c. ; 
 after which, as an Addendum, not included in the previous 
 Treatife, follows the "Medicina Stomachi," which finilhes 
 the volume. Very little is known of John de Burdeux,* 
 except that he was the author of feveral Tracts on Medicine, 
 and flourillied about the latter half of the I4th Century. 
 
 * Varioufly ftyled in other Manufcripts, Johannes de Bourdeaux or 
 Berdewes, Burgundia Burdegalia, alias La Barbe. 
 
 If
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 If he, then, was the writer of the whole Work to which 
 his name is here appended, he muft have written Caxton's 
 "Gouernayle," which is a portion of it. 
 
 On examining, however, Sloane 3149, a Latin Manu- 
 fcript of the fame extent as Caxton's, another name of a 
 medical Writer of the fame age appears. The Colophon 
 reads thus: "Explicit traftat9 Barthoei I fuo breuiario de 
 regie fanitat9" Bartholomeus was rather a prolific writer 
 of the 1 4th and i5th Centuries, but the "Gouernayle" is 
 not found among the works generally attributed to him. 
 
 Whoever may have been the Author, the Work pofiefTes 
 but fmall claims to originality, being a compilation from 
 the Medical Works of the Arabian and Greek Phyficians. 
 Several portions of the Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum* 
 are quoted word for word, and the whole of the firfl part of 
 that celebrated work is paraphrafed. The Writer, avoiding 
 all theoretic Difcuffion, confines himfelf entirely to practical 
 every day Rules, omitting the Regulations of Phlebotomy, 
 and, to a great extent, the long diflertations on the pro- 
 perties of Herbs, then forming fb large a part of Medical 
 Science. But although fome of thefe Doctrines, owing to 
 our more extenfive Acquaintance with Nature's Laws, appear 
 filly and fuperftitious, and although many of the virtues 
 attributed to Meats, Drinks, and Herbs are imaginary} "yet 
 the greater part of die general Rules being founded on 
 
 * For a full account of the hfftory of this Treatife, and of the rife 
 and progrefs of the Salernian School, fee the " Regimen Sanitatis," by 
 Sir A. Croke, Oxford, 8vo., 1830. 
 
 good
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 good fenfe and experience, are truly excellent, are calculated 
 for all ages and climates, and form an ufeful Compendium 
 of practical directions for fecuring a found Mind in a found 
 Body." 
 
 The Argument of the "Gouernayle" is, Avoid excefles 
 of all kinds, whether bodily or mental ; Make a difcrete 
 choice of what you eat and drink; Eat not till you are 
 hungry, and rife from the table with an appetite; Chew 
 well all your food; Never poftpone the calls of Nature; 
 Take not late Suppers, and give not way to Sorrow or 
 Trouble, efpecially at meals ; Sleep in the morning till you 
 wake of your own accord ; Take regular daily Exercife 
 before meat ; Avoid marfhy ground and tainted Air ; and 
 laflly, Be cleanly in all your habits. Thefe practical Rules 
 are, however, interfperfed with many receipts for Diet, and 
 continual reference to the Complexions and Humours of 
 the Body, which laft, as forming the ground-work of all 
 ancient fyftems of Medicine, will be commented on in 
 Chapter III. 
 
 The Stanzas called the "Medicina Stomachi" are of 
 very frequent occurrence, with greater or lefs variations, in 
 Manufcripts of the i^th Century. Portions of them are 
 frequently found fcribbled on the fly-leaves or margins of 
 old Books, proving their popularity. They are very com- 
 monly included among the Poems of Lidgate ; and in 
 Harl. MS., No. 116, which contains none but Lidgate's 
 pieces, they are expreflly entitled, " The diatory made by the 
 monk of Byry." Many of the diftichs are a free tranfla- 
 tion from the " Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum," and 
 
 the
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 the whole forms a good rythmical Summary of the 
 " Qouernayle," from which fome of the precepts appear 
 to have been borrowed. The fact of the "Medicina" 
 being printed on a fheet forming a fe&ion or gathering by 
 itfelf, mows that Caxton confidered it as a compofition 
 quite diftinft from the " Gouernayle," and it is probably 
 the only example throughout all his works, of his con- 
 cluding a Volume with a fmgle meet. We may alfo notice, 
 that in the Second Edition printed by Wynken de Worde, 
 the two. are kept diftinct on the Title- Page, which reads, 
 " Here begynneth a lytell treatyfe called the Gouernall 
 of Helthe with the Medecyne of the Stomacke." The 
 example has been followed in the prefent Work. \::-:-'.. l 
 
 rr 
 r 
 
 CHAP. II.
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Latin Maniifcripts EngliJJi Manufcripts 
 Printed Editions. 
 
 THE Manufcript Copies of the " Gouernayle of 
 Helthe," which I have had an opportunity of ex- 
 amining critically, are all, with a fingle exception, in 
 the "Sloane" Collection at the Britifh Mufeum. The 
 Catalogues of the various other Collections in the fame 
 Library contain Notices of many Medical Works, but 
 though every one which feemed to offer a chance of fuccefs 
 has been examined, no Copy of the " Gouernayle " was 
 found among them. At the Public Library, Cambridge, as 
 alfo at the Bodleian, Oxford, none could be difcoveredj 
 but the Library of the Afhmolean Mufeum, rich in Medical 
 Manufcripts, afforded two fpecimens. All the Manufcripts, 
 as fhewn by their Characters, may be attributed to the 
 1 5th or the latter Part of the I4th Centuries ; and, as 
 might be expected, from the nature of the Subject, do not 
 contain any Illuminations beyond, in one inftance, a few 
 tri-coloured Initials. 
 
 I. LATIN MANUSCRIPTS OF THE 
 "GOUERNAYLE." 
 
 i. Sloane, Nos. 3149 & 2460. One Volume with 
 two Prefs-numbers. This appears to be the oldeft. 
 A fmall 410., 8$ X 5! inches, written on Paper at the 
 
 end
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 end of the I4th or the beginning of the i5th Century. 
 The Writing is very cramped and contracted 35 lines to 
 a Page. The whole was contained in 8 folios, of which 
 the firft is unfortunately in this example wanting. The 
 Colophon reads, " Explicit tractat9 Barthoei i luo breuiario 
 de regie ianitat9" The text agrees with Caxton's printed 
 Tranflation, except in a few unimportant variations. The 
 " Medicina Stomachi," or verfes at the end, are not there. 
 
 2. Sloane, 1986. This is much more plainly written 
 than the laft noticed, though, as ufual, with many Contrac- 
 tions. It is in a fmall Volume of Medical Treatifes, written 
 apparently in tequence by the fame hand on fair vellum, 
 meafuring 5! x 4* inches. The Characters are very diminu- 
 tive, the Page, though fo fmall in fize, containing 30 lines. 
 The whole volume, as appears from folio 199 and the laft 
 page, was written after the nineteenth year of Henry IV., or 
 about 1442. The " Gouernayle " occupies from folios 175 
 to 292 inclufive, and agrees on the whole with the Englifh 
 tranflation. The "Medicina Stomachi " is not attached. 
 
 3. Sloane, 3566. This is one of feveral medical Treatifes 
 in a very fmall volume, meafuring only 3! X 2^ inches j 
 the whole is written on Vellum. The "Gouernayle" com- 
 mences on the redo of folio 38, and is entitled, " Incipit 
 tractatus nobilis de regimine Sanitatis," it finiihes on the 
 verfo of folio 59, with " Explicit tra&atus nobilis de 
 regimine Sanitatis." The writing is clear and uncon- 
 tracted, except where the unufual fhortnels of the lines 
 required it. Many portions, however, which appear in the 
 MSS already noticed, are here omitted. At the end of the 
 volume is an Englim Tranflation of John de Barba (or 
 Burdeux) on the Peftilence, which is dated 1390. 
 
 n.
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 II. ENGLISH MANUSCRIPTS OF THE 
 
 " GOUERNAYLE." 
 
 1. That marked Sloane 989 is probably the oldeft of 
 thefe. In Ayfcough's Catalogue (p. 523) it appears as "The 
 Caftle of Helth," but that title is nowhere to be found in 
 the volume itfeM". The writing, large plain and bold, teems 
 to belong to the middle part of the i5th Century. It is on 
 good but very diminutive leaves of Vellum, meafuring only 
 3! X 3 inches, and 15 very fliort lines fill a page. The 
 Volume commences, as fn Caxton, " In thys treatyle which 
 is called gournale of helth," &c., which paragraph is fol- 
 lowed by the Table, extending to 28 Chapters. After the 
 Table, the work begins the Firft Chapter and continues to 
 the end of the Eighth, which is the end of Caxton's ,- then 
 follow 20 more Chapters on the Virtues of Herbs, the treatile 
 ending on folio 133, "And here endith this treatyfe. 
 This lytel booke compiled a worthi clerke called John de 
 Burdeux for a frende that he had. after the defcripcion of 
 mani oder diuerfe doclours that is to faye, Bernarde Auftyn 
 Plato Tholome. Sidrac/ Aryflotell Auycen Galyen and 
 Ypocras. amany oder diufe acording to the fame." 
 
 2. Sloane, 321$. A beautiful MS. on fair Vellum, 
 /I x 5 inches, 24 lines to a page. The Heads to each 
 Chapter are in red ink, and the Initials in gold, blue, and 
 red ; every page is ruled. The writing is plain and good, 
 but the Errors of the tranfcriber are numerous. With few 
 and unimportant exceptions it agrees with Caxton's. The 
 " Medicina" is not attached, nor is there any Colophon. 
 
 3. Harleian, 2390. A very poor, faded, and cropt 
 Copy of the ijth Century. Written in a llovcnly manner, 
 
 uith
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 \vith many contractions, on poor paper. Bound in a 410, 
 Volume of Medical Trads and Receipts, and lettered 
 " Farrago Medicamentum." The reading varies confider- 
 ably from Caxton's, though in no way improved ; but the 
 ienle throughout is the fame. 
 
 4. Oxford, AJhmolean Mufeum. MS., 1481. An im- 
 perfect copy on Vellum, 20 and 22 lines to a page. The 
 Writing, of the i^th Century, is plain and unadorned. The 
 bit two Chapters are wanting. It is preceded by feverai 
 other Treatiles on medical fubje6ts. The "Medicina'' is 
 not attached. 
 
 5. The Same, No. 1498. A perfect copy on Vellum, in 
 characters of the i5th Century ; double Columns; 38 lines 
 to a Column ; bound up with " Ye maner of Medicynyng," 
 in 5 books, by Gerard Cremonens, and other Medical 
 Tracls. The "Medicina" is not attached. 
 
 III. MANUSCRIPTS OF THE " MEDICINA 
 STOMACHI.' 
 
 "Medicina Stomachi" is the Title given to thefe Stanzas 
 by Caxton at the conclulion of his Book, though in fome 
 MSS they are ftyled "The Diatory." The frequency 
 with which they occur in Manufcripts of the ijth Century, 
 proves their great popularity. The Difcrepancies in the 
 various Copies are very confiderable, owing principally to 
 their repeated tranfcription j but only one Manufcript has 
 been found to contain more Stanzas than printed by 
 Caxton Copies worthy of notice are the following : 
 
 i. Lanfdowne MS., No. 699. This Volume is a col- 
 lection of Poems by Dan John Lydgate, in one hand- 
 wrtfing, on paper. At folio 8<J we find the " Medicina,"
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 as in Caxton, but divided into Stanzas of 8 lines each, and 
 preceded by 1 1 other Stanzas. Thefe are moftly variations 
 of the old, rather than a compofition of new Verfes. They 
 contain, however, many curious phrafes, decrying "nafe- 
 routyng," or fnoring, as the effecT: of late fuppers, and 
 recommending " watir-growell " (water gruel) as a good 
 remedy againft "cold feeknefle." The firft three Stanzas 
 have in the laft line of each a common Burden, 
 a favorite ftyle of compofition in that Age. Thefe are 
 followed by Caxton's firft 8 lines, then eight more Stanzas 
 from the Manufcript, after which Caxton's ninth and fol- 
 lowing lines, concluding alike in both. The additional lines 
 in all amount to 88, or 1 1 Stanzas, and are as follows : 
 
 9[ncipit oictariu 
 
 J$j)o toiii been Joile / 1 fccpc Jpni fro fefcencffe 
 ano rcfiftc/ tlje ftroh of pcftilence 
 iat f)pm be 0Iao/ i fcoioe al 
 flee tuihhpo Jehrc^ / efcljcU) tljc 
 off infect piacp / caufpng tijc Violence 
 orpnh JJOOD tupn/ i fjolfoni meeti# tahc 
 fmeile ttoete tljpng / 1 for fyi$ oeffatee 
 m cleene jjeir / efcljeto mpto 
 
 tjoioe ftoniah/ outtoaro tjje nat tirefle 
 ^ifpng erip/ toitl) fpr Jjabe affiftanre 
 beiite in garoepn.tf/ for tjer gret ftuetne(rc 
 to be lufdc claao/ bo riu 
 
 "
 
 REMARKS. 13 
 
 toeiie tf)i fiif / from ^Incontinence 
 3[n ftitoeg i fcatf)i/ no foroto t|)at ttjou mafce 
 ojmpng of fnimourg / tf)i botl) grct offence 
 in deene |)eir / effyeto 
 
 nat gret ftefftj/ for no grecbpncffe 
 anb fro fruti/ jjolb tJ)pn afcftpncnce 
 ^oieti^ i c^eftenp^/ for tfter tenbintelTe 
 te |je toitl) fauce/ i fj>ar not for bifjpence 
 berion^ tjpnegre/ i tJjpnfJuence 
 of fjoifom fjpice^/ 91 ^^ tonbirtafce 
 tfje morUje flee^/ caHib gplbene in fentence 
 IjeijpitJ) / a peen tjje nipfti^ foiafce 
 
 for ncirlic of bobii tofcer fro coibe ttiim dcbc 
 
 (the fame as the firft Stanza in Caxton's.) 
 
 rtje jaft i tej>rcb clcene 
 anb toeef beco(t/ mabe of goob to&ete flour 
 bap i fjalf oib / ht taft it tyal tie feenc, 
 anb efrfjeto/ crceflc of labour 
 toalfe in garbepn / fote of rtjer favour 
 tempatlp / i rake alfo goob liccp 
 <0orge b^on oBorgc/ i,3 caufe of gret langour 
 in ef^ecia! / flee meribian
 
 i 4 REMARKS. 
 
 3fn tf)i drpnftt/ jmt clcenc fatoge i rctoe 
 6otf)c be goofc/ t fjoifom of natut 
 2lnD pfnfifc feirt)/ tfje rofc flout 
 ano p#oera retoroitJj / in fcriptur 
 gooo topn j^ Joifom / to cnp crcatut 
 taKe in meftit/ tDitfj t, aooicion^ 
 fttong freffj) i colo / off tarage i 
 moft comenoio/ among ai nacion^ 
 
 for Ijrirt)/ tjfe tfji^ 
 fcoioe atDep / ai futfetc 
 abftpnencc/ agcpn^f glotonpc 
 rccr foper^/ i firoiuaro oronhncflc 
 
 gtpnpng/ 1 noobpng ^rtjpnclTc 
 
 afforn fntt for tjjc fccft 
 nafe routing/ JtomBrpng i poilncfle 
 bit agio men/ Iietpmc^ go to reft 
 
 3U repkct ftomafc/ caufitf) gret Damage 
 oBronping gruttfjpng/ toalRpng at mponptf) 
 fiot|)e in folfti olti / 1 pong of 3lgc 
 a iitiH fopeer/ at morftjc mahitlj men lijjt 
 tijer Be tjre leeljee^/ cofarue a manp mpgljt 
 firft a giab Jjcrt/ |je caritjj lite or nou!)t 
 
 Diet/ Jolfom for efcerp Wifyt 
 beft of all / for no tljpng tafce no tftouJjt 
 
 Care
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 Care atoap / i$ a goob mebpcpne 
 bigeft afforn/ #reparat tout) glabneffe 
 2Un Joifoin bia / biftpHpng from tje fcpn 
 of 2&acfjtt garbepn/ corageg to rcbrefle 
 5Hitru potabilc / in Jjoot or colb fcefecncfle 
 fjaro to fie IJoujjt/ for folft in j>otiette 
 toatir grotocll toartjcrt) of grenncftc 
 abatit J tfjc fcrcratpng / of tfjcr 
 
 i fouler/ 1 brpnhpng late at tint] 
 Caufctj) of ffctume/ grct 
 Colre abuft/ botj tftc ftomafe 
 flt^alencolih/ a frotoarb gcft gbc 
 off mphii/ or litri coinct!) ai 3[nfirmpte 
 atttoecn tfje^ef too/ for iafe of governance 
 brpne out a mene/ ercc(Te or ftarfete 
 fet tfn 25otaiil / tjpon teingance 
 
 31 menc &$ tiju^ / for anp firotoarb beKite 
 piff rt)er falle a luft/ of fate erceffe 
 tfjat tuoib agrotpc/ tf)i natural a^^ctite 
 tj)i bigcftion/ tout) furfette to o^jnreue 
 of fjoot or colbe / belDar tfjat non acceflTe 
 ^or uncoutf) ageto / untoarlp tfje auaile 
 moberat biet / agepn^ ai feeheneue 
 *$$ fteft pljiftcien/ to mefur t^pn nttraile 
 
 mi
 
 1 6 REMARKS. 
 
 jttocefle/ conriuoirt) fojp tpme 
 tegat iriet/ fcpntrip tiigeftion 
 tf)e jotoen fleep/ firaitipns fcpon #rpme 
 naturall appetite afcpfcpng $i$ fcfon 
 ffbofce accoropng/ to tjje completion 
 J>tonapng on irij. / fletome or melancoiic 
 colrc/ fo confetti Bi rcfon 
 ai trouble / of frotoaro malabie 
 
 pf fo be/ leerfjig tio tfjc taile &c. 
 
 From tliis Stanza, which is the Second in Caxton's 
 Copy, the two agree pretty nearly, the Variations being 
 only in Spelling. 
 
 The MS. ends with the Word. 
 
 2. Harl. 116 is another Copy on Paper, the Writing 
 plain, and of the i^th Century. It begins on folio 166, 
 and is headed, " The Diatory made by the Monk of Byry." 
 It contains only 66 lines, moftly the fame as Caxton's, but 
 with many Omiflions, and with feveral Alterations. At 
 the end is "Made by the Monk of Bury;" both Head 
 and Tail-piece are in the fame writing as the body of the 
 Manufcript. 
 
 3. Harl. 4011 is a paper MS. of poetical Pieces, moftly 
 by Lidgate. The writing, which is of the i5th Century, is 
 plain, but fomewhat faded. It agrees entirely with Caxton's 
 fo far as it goes, but unfortunately the end leaf containing 
 the laft 22 lines is wanting. 
 
 4. Harl.
 
 REMARKS. 17 
 
 4. HarL 2251. Well written on paper, and of the 
 1 5th Century. The fame in extent as Caxton's, with which 
 it agrees, except in fome unimportant verbal changes. 
 
 5. Sloane 989. The verfes here follow the Colophon 
 to the Treatife defcribed in II. No. i of this Chapter. 
 They agree, with flight variations, with Caxton's Text. 
 
 IV. PRINTED EDITIONS OF THE " GOUER- 
 NAYLE OF HELTHE" WITH THE 
 "MEDICINA STOMACHI." 
 
 Many of the Works which iflued from the Prefi of 
 William Caxton are unique, and fome have doubtlefs left 
 no traces behind them of their exiftence. 
 
 Indeed, when we confider the many peculiarities of his 
 letters, their contractions, their double and tied characters, 
 and, worfe than all, the total abfence of any fyftem in the 
 ufe of Capital Letters or Points, it muft be evident that 
 his books could not have been very eafily deciphered by the 
 next generation only, accuftomed as they were to the fepa- 
 rate and much plainer Types of Wynken de Worde and his 
 contemporaries. The rapid changes in our language alfo 
 rendered year by year Caxton's phrafeology (half com- 
 pounded as it was of French words and idioms) partially 
 unintelligible. The natural EffecT: of thefe difadvantages 
 was to reduce the value of his books j and the jieglecl: 
 confequent thereon may, in fome degree, account for the 
 deftru6tion and lofs of fo many. Looked upon as old- 
 fafhioned, and with Centuries to pals through before an 
 Antiquarian intereft would attach to them, the only wonder 
 is that fo many have efcaped deftruftion. 
 
 The " Gouernayle " does not appear to have under- 
 gone
 
 1 8 REMARKS. 
 
 gone more than two Editions, and it is a remarkable 
 fa5t that of each but One Copy is faid to exift. The rirft 
 was printed by Caxton, and the fecond by his Succeflor, 
 Wynken de Worde. 
 
 i. This Volume, the Balis of the prefent Eflay, is a 
 fmall 4to. Trad of i& folios or 36 pages, and was printed 
 about 1491, without Name, Place, or Date. The Collation 
 is H and 38 Quarternions, having 4 figned and 4 unfigned 
 folios each, which includes the whole of the " Gouernayle' 
 properly ib called ; followed by 2 unfigned folios or 4 pages, 
 containing the " Medicina Stomachi ;" There is no Title- 
 Page. Only one fort of Type is ufed throughout the 
 Volume. The Pages have all 23 lines, except p. 29, which 
 has 24. Initials of three fizes, cut in wood, are ufed at the 
 beginning of Chapters. The Book is quite clean, excepting 
 the firft leaf, which is flightly ftained. There are no MS. 
 diffigurements on the margins. An engraved plate of a 
 previous owner, reprefenting apparently the Initials J M 
 intertwined, is parted infide the cover. Meafurement 
 8 X 5^ inches. Unique at Ham Houfe, Surrey. 
 
 This is not only the Editio Prlnceps of the Work, but 
 alfo by many years the earlieft printed book which appeared 
 in this Country on the fubjecT: of Medicine, the firft Edition 
 of the " Regimen Sanitatis" in England being dated 1530.* 
 
 The only, but alfo the undeniable, proof that Caxton 
 printed die book, is the character of the Type, which is 
 
 * " Reg. San.," by Sir A. Croke, folio 86. 
 
 iden-
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 identical with that ufed for his " Fayttes of Armes and of 
 Chiualrye," " Eneydos," and " Arte and Crafte to knowe 
 wel to Dye." This would of courfe prove nothing, were 
 die fame Type found in ulfe by his contemporaries or by his 
 fuccelTors ; but fuch is not the cafe, and we can, therefore, 
 without hefitation, afcribe the workmanfhip to the Father of 
 the Englilh Prefs. Again, as to the Date of printing, we 
 have means of judging with tolerable accuracy. The Type 
 in which it was printed made its appearance in thofe books 
 only which Caxton iffued after the year 14895 and as 
 Wynken de Worde, when eftablifhed as Caxton's fucceflbr, 
 begs his Readers, in his Colophon to the "Polichronicon" of 
 1493, to pray for the foul of William Caxton, he mull then 
 have been dead fome time. This narrows the queftion to a 
 period between 1489 and 1493, the mean of which gives 
 1490-1 as the probable date of the work. 
 
 The Workmanlliip of the Volume offers very few oppor- 
 tunities for praife ; indeed it is evident that no fupervifion 
 of any kind was exercifed during the progress of the work. 
 Miflakes occur in every page, turned and wrong letters 
 are common, and conliderable omiflions have been made, 
 in two or three inftances entirely nullifying the fenfe. At 
 Sig. B 8, recto, the eye of the Competitor miftook the 
 place in his copy, a very frequent caule of error even in 
 the prefent day, and went from the word "cuftume" (the 
 5th line from the bottom) to the fame word a few lines 
 lower, thus caufing the omiflion of a fentence. This will 
 be ealily perceived on noticing the repetition of the word in 
 the Notes at the foot of the Reprint, where the omiflion 
 is fupplied from a Manufcript. Turned letters abound, 
 tranfpofitions of letters in words, and of words in lines, are 
 
 not
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 not unfrequent, wrong letters, doubles, and outs occur 
 continually. Thefe inftances prove that as the workman 
 compofed the Type ib it was printed, without the interven- 
 tion of reader or corrector. Another curious error occurs 
 
 c 
 
 at the beginning of lines 14 to 18 in Sig. B 6 verlo. 
 By an accident which even now is not of unfrequent 
 occurrence two of the letters at the beginning of liars, 
 fell out, or were drawn up by the balls in inking the type j. 
 the letters in the lines above them falling down, the work- 
 man replaced die errant letters in -the vacancies left, not 
 noticing that he had inferted them in their wrong portion. 
 A flight tranfpofition (which is made in the annotated 
 Reprint) would reftore the correct reading. Many other 
 inftances of fimilar errors might be adduced. 
 
 The " Medicina Stomachi" at the end of the Volume 
 not being incorporated with the previous Section in the 
 Book, leads to the conclufion that its prefence here at all is 
 an after-thought. It may have been, indeed, a feparate 
 publication ; but from the fact that Wynken de Worde 
 made the "Medicina" an integral part of his Reprint, we 
 may infer that in his Copy, and probably in all ilfued by 
 Caxton, the two were united under one Cover. 
 
 2. Wynken de Worde s Reprint. This, the Second and 
 laft Edition, is alfo a fmall 410. London. No Date. It 
 is unique in Billiop More's Collection in the Public Library 
 Cambridge, bound up in a thick Volume with feveral other 
 productions of the fame printer. The Collation is fl. and 
 1) Ternions, having 3 figned and 3 unfigned folios each, in 
 all 12 printed leaves. There are 32 lines to a page. This 
 is a clofe Reprint from Caxton's Edition, the very blunders 
 being repeated. It has, however, a Title Page, an im- 
 provement
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 provement introduced by Wynken de Worde after his 
 Mailer's death. Begin at the head of the firft recto, the 
 remainder of the page being blank. 
 
 fife* 
 
 a Igtrll treatise called tijc goumtall 
 
 of fjeltfje toiti) g mrtecgne of B* 
 
 stomacfte. 
 
 * 
 
 The verlb is headed with a rude Wood-cut of a Painter and 
 Sculptor at work, underneath which the " Gouernayle" 
 begins and continues the fame as in Caxton's Edition. The 
 Tract ends on Sig. fo 6 recto, or the nth leaf, with the 
 " Medicina Stomachi," at the end of which follows the 
 Colophon 
 
 H&m entotf) tije gouecnall of ijelt^. ISnpwttt?tJ in fle 
 te stcete in Honfoon in tlje sgflnf of tfje sonnc fig SSJBn- 
 ftgn ^ tootle. 
 
 On the verfb is a rude cut of the Virgin and Child, with 
 the fmall Device of the printer underneath, furrounded with 
 a Border of foliage. 
 
 
 CHAP. III.
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 The Theory on which the Medical Precepts of 
 the " Gouernayle" are founded. 
 
 THE Dotrines of Pathology, as taught in the Medical 
 Schools of Weftern Europe in the Middle Ages, were 
 derived from the Writings of the Greeks and Arabians. 
 Thefe Do6trines had been for many previous, and continued 
 to be for many fucceeding, Centuries, the only foundation 
 of Medical pra&ife. Without fome acquaintance with the 
 main Chara6teriftics of this Syftem, many portions of the 
 " Gouernayle " are unintelligible ; a fhort fummary of 
 them, therefore, has been thought a defirable Addition to 
 the foregoing Remarks. 
 
 The Antient Phyficians divided the World into four 
 Elements, Fire, Air, Earth, and Water, "original things, 
 unmixed and uncompounded, of whofe temperance and 
 mixture all other things be compact;"* and to theft-, 
 particular properties were afcribed, as thus : 
 
 Fire was hot and dry, 
 
 Air was hot and moift, 
 
 Earth was cold and dry, 
 
 Water was cold and moift. 
 
 Thefe Elements, all prelent, though combined in varying 
 proportions, in every man, contributed to form his natural 
 
 # Sir Thomas Elyot's " Caftle of Hclthe." 
 
 confti-
 
 REMARKS. 23 
 
 conftitution, or what was termed his " Complexion." The 
 complexion was determined by the prevalence of the Natu- 
 ral Humours which were allb four, thus : 
 
 Prevailing Humour. Complexion. Quality. 
 
 Choler Choleric hot and dry 
 
 Blood Sanguine hot and moift. 
 
 Melancholy Melancholic cold and dry. 
 
 Phlegm Phlegmatic cold and moift. 
 
 The Humours were confidered of the firft importance, 
 being the great ftore-houfes of the human fabric, and fo 
 long as the proportions natural to the individual were 
 maintained, the body was free from all ficknels ; their 
 diminution, excefs, or corruption being at the root of all 
 difeafe. Three of thefe Humours were found in the Blood, 
 which the frequent practife of Phlebotomy gave repeated 
 opportunities of ftudying, viz. : 
 
 Choler, or Yellow Bile, fhewing itfelf in the Foam or 
 Scum which rofe to the furface : 
 
 Melancholy, or Black Bile, which formed the dark Dregs 
 or Settlement : and 
 
 Sanguis, or Pure Blood, as intermediate and diftinct from 
 the other two. 
 
 The Fourth Humour was termed Phlegm, and included 
 all the other Natural Juices of the Body, as "Spittle," 
 "Chyle," "Joint-Oil," &c. 
 
 The Humours of the Body were calculated and deter- 
 mined by various figns and conditions. The Colour of the 
 Skin and Hair, the Age, Difpontion, and Habits, were all 
 fignificant tokens ; and the whole attention of the Medical 
 Practitioner was given to afcertain firft, the proportion of 
 
 the
 
 24 REMARKS. 
 
 the Humours normal to the individual ; and then by a 
 judicious ordering of diet, by decotions from herbs, and 
 other remedies to reftore or maintain fuch proportions. 
 
 TABLE OF HUMOURS. 
 
 Colour of the Skin. Humours. 
 
 Red and White Equality of Humours. 
 
 Black, Sallow, or White ... Inequality of Humours. 
 
 Red, Black, and Sallow ... Choleric, or dominion of heat. 
 
 White Phlegmatic cold. 
 
 Pale Melancholic cold. 
 
 Red Sanguine, abundance of blood. 
 
 Sallow Choleric. 
 
 Black Melancholic, or Choler aduft. 
 
 Colour of the Hair. 
 
 Black Choleric. 
 
 Red Sanguine. 
 
 Grey Melancholic. 
 
 White Phlegmatic. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Adolefcence to 25 Sanguine hot and moid. 
 
 Juventute to 40 Choleric hot and dry. 
 
 Sene&ute to 60 
 
 Decrepitude-to the end... / MeUncbolie--cold and dry. 
 
 Herbs and Vegetables were efpecially ftudied for their 
 Properties and Virtues in affeding the Humours j fo that 
 their preparation, mixture, and effecls, fimple and com- 
 pound, formed a large part of Medical Science. 
 
 ' The
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The Phyfician of thofe days was the exa6t converfe of the 
 modern Homoeopathift. In prefcribing for a patient, the 
 great principle of Cure was to give fuch Remedies as in 
 themfelves tended to generate Humours the oppofite of 
 thofe at the root of the Difeafe. Agreeably to this pradife, 
 the " Gouernayle " recommends as follows (Sig. b ij redo, 
 line 14) : " The complexion of a man mould be looked to j 
 if he be tempered (i. e. have the due mixture of contrary 
 qualities), keep him fo with like meats and drinks ; and if 
 he be diftempered, by the contrary bring him little by little 
 again to temper. Therefore to Sanguine men, diftempered, 
 give Melancholious meats ; to Melancholy men, Sanguine 
 meats ; and to Phlegmatic men, Colerick meats ; for every 
 evil Complexion may be brought to Temper, unlefs necef- 
 fities of livelihood let it." Exercife of all kind was advo- 
 cated as a moft a6tive reftorer of the Humours. In the 
 " Gouernayle," a very long Chapter is devoted to this 
 fubjea. 
 
 This Syftem runs through all the Medical Treatifes of 
 the Age, and though confiderably modified in pra&ife by 
 experience and fpecial Rules, was the only truft of our fore- 
 fathers in the Prefervation of Health ; and in Sicknefs the 
 fole way in which they could hope, in the words of our 
 Reprint " to afterte the Stroke of Deth." 
 
 The Work itself is now to be introduced to the Reader, 
 and mould he find in its quaintnefs of idea, expreffion, and 
 orthography the fame intereft that the Writer of thefe 
 Remarks has done, the objeft of the Reprint will have been 
 fully realifed.
 
 THE 
 
 GOUERNAYLE OF HELTHE, 
 
 AND 
 
 MEDICINA STOMACHI, 
 
 AS PRINTED BY 
 
 WILLIAM CAXTON.
 
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 it 
 
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 a* a 
 
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 fincofioufe mete anb? fo mafencofgoufe met) 
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 ant? t' 
 
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 a ficgfiot) ^ ot^et ofbe locfoura* But 
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 it fy f^aff bge Bg fobegt) be% f$tt fefe
 
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 of cfime ozgef cofoute nof bepe anb fuc o^et 
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 goueznjmg* of ^ compfe^ion anb?
 
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 on
 
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 gxaootieGeooEXOoOGQe^^ 
 
 AN 
 
 ANNOTATED REPRINT 
 
 OP THE 
 
 FOREGOING TRACT. 
 XX*BKX^^
 
 tttmtttttm 
 
 THE Reafons tor adding the following Reprint were 
 two. In the firft place it allowed the Original Text 
 to be given exadly as iflued by Caxton, with all its Merits 
 and Defects ; where the lover of Black Letter might revel 
 without fear of any explanatory intrulion. And then, the 
 ipace gained by the ufe of Roman Letters in the following 
 pages afforded an Opportunity of annexing fuch Notes as 
 were thought advifable. 
 
 The Notes have been obtained by a careful collation of 
 the beft Manuscripts mentioned in Chap. II of "Remarks." 
 Thefe, in feveral inftances where they fupply omiflions, are 
 neceflary for die Elucidation of the Text ; in others they 
 give lefs important Additions and Variations j and, in a few 
 cafes, the Latin verfion of Words or Paflages which were 
 deemed worthy of notice. 
 
 As the Folios of the Original Tra6t are not numbered, 
 there would have been little ufe in numbering the leaves 
 of this Reprint j but, for the fake of comparifon, it has 
 been made to agree Page for Page. The Signatures, which 
 will be found under the bottom lines of the firft four leaves 
 in each Section, may perhaps facilitate Reference. 
 
 The old Orthography has been adhered to, but the 
 Punctuation has been amended throughout.
 
 n this tretyfe that is cleped Go- 
 uernayle of Helthe, J what is to 
 be fayd wyth cryftis helpe of fo- 
 me thynges that longen to bodi- 
 ly helthe, had and to be kept ; or 
 to bodily helthe, loft and to be recouered : and 
 is departed in viij chapytures, that is to faye 
 In the fyrfte chapytre, of the profytte of goode 
 Gouernayle of helth. In the ij chapitre, what 
 is firft on morow to be don. In the iij chapitre, 
 of bodyly excerfyce, that is to faye, befynes & 
 his profyte. In the fourth chapytre, of fpyces 
 of excerfice. In the fyfthe chapytre, how a man 
 fholde haue hym in mete, in etyng his metes. 
 In the vj chapitre, how a man fhold haue hym 
 in drynkyng of his drynkes. In the vij chap- 
 ytre what fholde be don after mete. In the viij 
 chapytre 2 of the noyfe of euyll gouernaunce. 
 
 IT nedyth hym that woll haue longe 
 lyff to knowe the crafte of holfome go- 
 uerneyle. And fo for to kepe contynuelly the 
 helthe of his body, for els he maye not com to 
 _^ , A j. 
 
 Note The MSS, quoted in this and the following pages are 
 defcriled in the Introductory Remarks. 
 
 1. All the Englifli MSS. read Sumwhat is to be 
 fayd, &c., and Sloane 1986 has it aliquod breviter 
 dicendum eft. 
 
 2. SI. 989 of noyus and euyl gounale.
 
 his naturell ende, but he fhall dye or his kyn 
 deli tyme come. And therfore thus fayeth Ga- 
 lyen the connynge: He fayth holfom gouer- 
 naunce is meruelous, for it maketh a man to 
 lyue tylle he be olde, and wythout likenes in 
 to the lafte of his elde and age. Therfor the 
 fame Galyen, after that he knewe the crafte 
 of holfom gouernaunce, came neuer into no 
 likenes, 1 but feelde that was in to a fymeram, 
 that is to faye a fharpe feuer ; and that was 
 for trauayll in vyfityng of his frendys 2 abou- 
 te the comyn profyte. For thus he fayth, I take 
 God to recorde, and his angels affygned to ke- 
 pe me, that who that wylfully and belily wyl 
 ftudye in the treatyfe of holfom gouernauce, & 
 woll kepe alhole the doclryne therof, he fhall ne 
 uer 3 dye but on and 4 vpon kyndly deth, whiche 
 5 deth is fwete and fofte, wythout grete payn, 
 as the fame Galyen witnefleth in the dyffe- 
 rence of feuerys. But vnderftonde that holfo- 
 me gouernaunce may no man duely kepe that 
 moft nedyes be occupyed, wyl hym or nyl hym, 
 and may not when hym nedeth leue of; for thy 
 
 1. SI. 3215 but felde whanne into Effymeran. 
 1986 n (n'lfi) aliqii effema. 
 
 2. , 989 or aboute, &c. 
 
 3 . , lieu mylkare (mifcarry ?) nor dye, &c. 
 
 4. , 1986 n morte nli. 
 
 ^. , 989 which deth is fo fofte and fo efy w* out 
 any gret peyne, that he flial vn ethis fele it.
 
 it nedeth hym that he haue that nedeth hym to 
 his lyf wythoute trauayle and pencyfull, and 
 in alle thyngys that he be of fre condycyon. 
 Ferthermore it is to wete that viij thynges 
 at the lefte be nedefull in holfome gouernay- 
 le ; of whiche the fyrft is a dyfcrete choys of 
 thoo thynges that mall be eten or dronken. 
 The feconde is wylfull bodyli exerlice tofore 
 mete, and that tyl the fwetyng begynne, or 
 namely tyll his wynde chaunge fro floughe to 
 fwyftnefs. The thirde is well profytable and 
 wel nedeful that all that mall be etyn l be wele 
 and fmale chewed. The fourth is that thou e- 
 te while thou haft talent to etc. 2 The v is that 
 thou flepe on morow tyl thou wake be thyne 
 owne wyll. For as Aryftotle fayth, not only 
 in metys and drynkys be we noryfhed and 
 foftred, but alfo in (lepe. The vj is that thou 
 take no mete and drynk in forow ne in care 
 but in Joye as moche as thou may. 3 The vij 
 is that thou haue ne holde no colde in wynter 
 ne in fomer after bloodletynge. This viij is 
 that thou ufe faffron in thy mete, for it quyc- 
 
 A ij 
 
 1. SI. 989 be wele chewide or final myfede or 
 grounde final in a mortir. 
 
 2. SI. 989 Add and allb y* y tt leue of etyn whil y u 
 haft talent to etc. 
 
 3. SI. 989. The vii is y u ne haue hete I lorn ne 
 colde in wyntir, but it be aftir blode.
 
 neth kyndely hete, & comforteth thy dygefty- 
 on, & taryeth thyne elde or age, 1 & bryngeth 
 in gladnes, and letteth thyne humors fro ro- 
 tynge and driynge. 
 
 -_- T is in ftoryes of our elders, that on a 
 j tyme a myghty kyng brought to gyder 
 thre of the belt leches that myght be of 
 Jnde of Mede & of Grece. And he commaun- 
 ded hem that eche of theym fholde ftudye to 
 afTygne the beft medycyne, whiche yf a man 
 wolde vfe, fholde profyte hym to helpe of bodye, 
 and hym fholde nede none other medycyn. 
 Truly the leche of Grece afTygned and fayd ; 
 that euery daye 2 a man to take twys his mou- 
 the full of hote Water, fholde make a man foo 
 hole that hym fholde nede none other medycyn. 
 And the leche of Mede affigned and fayd; that 
 it fholde profyte moch euery daye faftynge to 
 take 3 gromel feyd. And I faye, fayd Aryftotle, 
 y* he that flepeth fo moche that he haue noo 
 heuynes in his wombe of mete that he tok to- 
 fore, hym dare not drede of any grete fikenes, 
 ne of the goute. Alfo who that eteth euery da- 
 
 1. SI. 989 Add and makith y e zongli. 
 
 2. 3215 a man early to take, &c. 
 
 3. ,, 989 gromel fede or fenel fede.
 
 ye erly vij dragmes, that is to faye xxj peny 
 weyght, of fwete reifyns, he ' dare not drede of 
 flewmy fikenefs ; and his mynde mall be amen- 
 ded, and his vnderftondyng mall be clere; and 
 who that vfeth it in tyme accordynge to his 
 complexion may be fure and drede not of the 
 Feuer quarteyn. Alfo who that eteth nottes 
 and fygges with a fewe leues of Rewe, that 
 daye lhall no venym hym noye. It was ax- 
 ed of Galien what medicyn were moofte 
 profytable, and he anfuerd abftynence. And 
 Conftantyne* feyth in his book that hight vya- 
 tyk, that whofo woll kepe his contynuell hel- 
 the, kepe 8 his ftomak, foo that when hym nede- 
 the mete, leue it not ne take no more thereof 
 than hym nedeth ; and the fame vnderftond of 
 drynke. Alfo in holfom gouernance fle wrath, 
 grete thought, heuynes, angre, and fuche other; 
 for all 3 ghoftly accydentes, that ys to faye fo- 
 deyn 4 fallyng in to a mannys mynde, outaken 
 Joye alonly, dryen, and that moyfteth ; nethe- 
 les fome hetyn as wrath, for 5 thy wrath profy 
 teth to flewmatyk men, and it harmeth cole- 
 
 A iij 
 
 1. SI. 989 thar not (i.e. need not.) 
 
 2. kepe wele his ftomake. 
 
 3. 1986 oia (omnia) accncia al (animi) deficcant. 
 
 4. 3215 & 989 fodeyn fallyngis. 
 
 5. For thi (i. e. therefore.) 
 * A celebrated Phylician of the i ith century.
 
 ryk men. 1 Morouer it is to wete that in lente 
 feafon, that is to fay in veer, & in the begyn- 
 nyng of fomer, children ben wele atte eafe af- 
 ter the liknes of tempred qualitees : but other 
 ages ben wele at eafe in contraryous tymes, 
 as olde men in fomer, and yonge men in wyn- 
 ter. Alfo in holfom gouernauce kepe thys reule: 
 2 yf thou wolt be hoole&foude, flee heuy charges, 
 be not wroth, foupe not to late, and flee vnder- 
 mele flepe; 3 wake after mete, and efchew & fpa- 
 re ftronge drynkes, and namely of wyne ; hold 
 not thy pyfle, ne conftrayn the not to iiege; ke- 
 pe well thefe three thynges gladnes in mynde, 
 traueyll in mefure, and reule of mete & dryn- 
 ke ; as moche as thou wold, etc boldly in wyn- 
 ter, & in veer fkarfly ; and in fomer mefure wel 
 thy metes, and flee, nameli, frutes of augufte. 
 Aryftotle wrytyng to gret Alexandre fayd; fyth 
 man is a 4 brityl body, me femeth I fholde wryte 
 to the fome profy table thynge of lechecrafte. Yf 
 thou woke, he fayd, belily behold thenfample of 
 holfom gouernaunce, and lyue after thys precy- 
 ous ordre of dyer, ye fhall nede no leche, oute 
 
 i. SI. 989 From "Morouer" to "wynter" is omitted. 
 
 a. 1986 This is a trarj/lation of the first Jive lines of 
 the " Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum." 
 Si vis incolumem, fi vis te reddere fanum, 
 Curas tolle graves, irafci crede profanum, 
 Parce mero, coenato parilm, non fit tibi vanum. 
 Surgere poft epulas, fomnum fuge meridianum, 
 Non mi6lum retine, nee comprime fortit&r anum. 
 
 3. 3215 Walke after mete. 
 
 4. 1986 corruptibilc.
 
 take accydentes of batayll 1 and fuche other. 
 ^f What is fyrft on morow to be done. 
 
 AFter that a man hath wele and peali- 
 ble fulfylled his flepe, loke he ryfe & cloth 
 hym felf wyth goode clothe & 2 fwete, yf he ha- 
 ve them ; then he oweth to walk a lytil, euenli 
 to ftretche oute his lymmes, & kembe his hed ; 
 for whi 3 kembyng draweth out the vapours y* 
 comyn from the ftomake to the hed in tyme of 
 flepe. And therwyth loke that ye be belie to put 
 oute the fuperfluytees of the body in liegyng, 
 pyffyng, koughyng, and fpyttyng ; then loke he 
 weflhe his handes & his face 4 in fomer wyth 
 colde water, and in wynter wyth hoote water ; 
 then loke he praye and preyfe his lorde after 
 the doctryne of his lawe, and vylite the pore 
 in god ; then, yf it lyke hym, he fholde ftudye or 
 rede, dyfpute or talke, and wyfe menys counceyl 
 and feyeg belily here, and in mefure be mery, & 
 flee vtterly wrath and forow, in as moche as 
 he maye, and vfe hym felfe mefurable trauayl, 
 as walkyng or ridyng, and in clene hihe pla- 
 ces, fro myer and marrys ; for this profyteth 
 
 A iiij 
 
 1. SI. 3215. Add that is to faye ftrokes and fueche 
 other. 
 
 2. SI. 1986. odorifer9 
 
 3. 989. for whi ftrechyng of thi lymes ftrengtheth 
 the bodi, & kemyng of thi hed draweth out, &c. 
 
 4. SI. 3215. Add and his mouthe.
 
 moche, for it breketh wynde in a manys body, 
 and ftrenghyth & lyghteth his lymmes, and 
 comforteth the heete of the ftomak, and ftren- 
 gyth his ioyntes, and melteth euil humors. 1 
 ^f Of the body exerlice & of his profite. 
 
 WE owen to knowe by auftors of leche 
 crafte, that thoo that ftiall lyue fayr & 
 wele in holfom gouernaunce, owen to haue eu- 
 yn and tempered exerlice to fore mete ; for that 
 yeueth to all the body tempered hete, euyn and 
 not paflyng. Whiche fholde a manys exerlice 
 be, 2 a fycyfion difcreuyth thus : Exerlice is a 
 wylfull meuyng, by whiche a manys wyn- 
 de is made grete, and ofte it nedeth that thys 
 traueyll be wylful, and not ftreflyd by nede, 
 but that he be all fre and worche after his ou- 
 ne wyll. And therfore labour of carpenters & 
 plowmen, mafons, maryners, and fuche other, 
 is none exercyfe of lechecrafte, for it hath not 
 properly wylfull meuyng. Marchauntes treuly, 
 burgeys, cloyfterers, & fuche other 3 walkynge 
 wele and longe, but it ys not properly exercyfe 
 of lechecraft but whan a man walketh freli 
 
 1 . SI. 989. Add and puttith he out at the poures. 
 
 2. 1986. Auicena defcribit. 
 3- 3215. walken.
 
 of his oune wyll, and fo fwyftly tyl he begyn 
 to feynt and his wynde chaunge, then anone 
 he fhold litte and refte, for yf^he meuyd eny fur- 
 der hit fholde be payn and feyntnes ; and fuche 
 exercyfe is cleped tempred, for therby grouen 
 many goodes to manys body. Fyrft, for ther- 
 by is the kyndely hete ftrenghyd & eched, and 
 fo ben other iiij vertues, that is to faye, vertu 
 drawynge, vertue defiynge, vertue wythhol- 
 dyng, and vertue oute-puttyng. And fo ben 
 there v bodily wyttes, that is to faye, herynge, 
 feeng, fmellyng, taftyng, and felynge. And fo 
 ben there iij myndely vertues, that is to faye, 
 imagynatyf, dyfcretyfe, and memoratyfe. 
 And though errour happed in all thefe wor- 
 chynges of lechecrafte, fo it were not to nota- 
 ble, and exercyfe were as fholde be, fholde neuer 
 or feelde manys body nede other medicyne, for 
 exercyfe ^ulfylleth the defautes of all other. 
 For thy be they mery that dreden bloodletyng 
 and other doutefull medycyns, but by exercy- 
 fe they mowen be heled & fauyd. Netheles ij 
 thynges bey nedefull to euery well exercyfed, 
 
 i . SI. 989. fullilyth al the defautes of lechcrafte.
 
 that is to faye, that he be not to full ne to em- 
 ty ; to full, then wolde the humours lofe, and 
 fo were gret drede of the lyuer or fome feuer or 
 fodeyne deth ; for thy in fuche a caas loke ther 
 be longe dyfcrete abftynence, fo that he be not 
 to empty, for then fholde his body be feble oute 
 of mefure, and at the laft for febelnes it moft 
 nedys lofe. Therfor who that is to empty, it 
 nedeth that he labour not tyll he be more and 
 better releued. Truly aufturs fayen that ex- 
 ercyfe is one of the hiheft and nobeleft thyng 
 that maye be done of to manys body, and full 
 nedefull it is in gouernayll of helth, and leng- 
 thyng of lyfe, forwhy exercyfe fulfylleth the 
 medycynes of bloodes and bathynges and fu- 
 che other thynges, and therein is no drede nor 
 bytternes ne exfpences, but therin is pure re- 
 creacyon of body & of foule, foo it be don in cle- 
 ne places. And then fholde men fhew hem felfe 
 to the clene eyer, and delyte in feeng ferre & ne- 
 re, water and lande, heuen and erthe, grene and 
 falow ; and in all thyfe he fholde prayfe and 
 worfhip our Lord God. Fulgens dyfcryueth
 
 exercyfe in a full fayr maner, thus feyeng : Ex- 
 ercyfe is true kepyng of manys lyf, and 1 pric- 
 ke of kynde flepynge, and the fylthe of foule 
 colour, and teendyng of flothes hete, and was- 
 tyng of fuperfluytes, and 2 faddynge of lym- 
 mes, and fleeng of fikneiTes, and dryuynge a- 
 waye of vyces, medycyne of langores, wyn- 
 nyng of tyme, and dette of youthe, and joye 
 of elde or age, and helpe of helth, enmye of idel- 
 nes, and dyftroyeng of 3 all euyll. But emong 
 all other thynges it is to wete that exercyfe, 
 mefured meferably, heteth a manys bloode and 
 dryeth it; and therfore mefurable fleumatyk 
 men Ihold vse it. And refte coleth a man and 
 moyfteth hym, and that is goode for coleryk 
 men. For thy he alone draweth hym felfe from 
 exercyfe that wolde fayn fayle joye and feli- 
 cyte in thys lyf. Galyen fayth that grete pur- 
 gacyons and vomytes fholde not be take but 
 felden and for grete nede ; for why, whoo foo 
 woll eche moneth ones or twyes gretly pur- 
 ge hym felf, he fhall brynge his body to many 
 euyll vfes ; for he fhall engendre therin many 
 
 1. SI. 1986. dormientis nature ftimulus, fopiti calor, 
 
 lima fuperfluorum, consumpcio mem- 
 brorum. 
 
 2. 989. ftrengthyng of manys lymes. 
 
 3. thoughts and al euyl.
 
 noyous humors. For why eche daye exercyfe 
 is ful nedefull to kepe a manys helth ; for who 
 that eteth or drynketh moche maye not be hole 
 but yf he woll fomwhat flepe and fwynke. 
 Thenne theife thynges that be fayd it fhew- 
 eth that mefured exercyfe hath many profy- 
 tes, for it ftyreth the kyndly hete and openeth 
 the poores, and lolith colde and thyck towgh 
 humours, and whenne they ben lofed bereth 
 hem oute at the poores, and maketh a manys 
 ioyntes flypper & 1 lyghte, and it comforteth all 
 the membres of a manys body. Wherfor noi- 
 ous humors ben more holfomly purged and 
 2 mefured by exercyfe then by laxatyues or vo- 
 mytees, for nother of them maye be wythout 
 empeyremet of kynde. And ryght as due kepy- 
 nge of kyndely exercyfe is nedeful, foo other 
 while ys refte. For why reft in as moche as 
 it is contrary to exercyfe, fome ys bodily fome 
 is ghoftly, of whiche eche either 3 yf it be mefu- 
 red after that kynde wolde, it is heleful bothe 
 to the body & foule, and yf it be not foo it is co- 
 trary. For whi yf reft be to moche it gendreth 
 
 SI. 321,5. & lighte to meve. 
 989. ioynts Hip fouple. 
 321 5. purged bi mefured exerciie. 
 >t f> yf it bee mefured as kynde wolle.
 
 noryfheth and multyplyeth euyll humors and 
 encreafeth moche corupcyon. For why when 
 water refteth to moche it ftynketh, foo iron & 
 eche metall ruftyth when it reftyth. 
 ^f The Spyces of Exercyfe. 
 
 SPyces of exercyfe ben ther wel many, 
 as ther be dyuerfe ftatys of perfones ; 
 fome be ftrong and fome be feble, fom 
 ryche & fome pore, 1 fom prelates and at the lar- 
 ge, and fome fubjettes & enclofed. And fomti- 
 me weder is fayr & clere, and fomtyme not fo 
 but derke & reyne : and therfor it nedeth to ha- 
 ue fpyces of exercyfe. Forwhi the befte fpyce & 
 the fyrfte ys to walke tofore mete in hihe pla- 
 ces & clene. Another fpyce is to ryde and y* 
 is for ryche men, but grete prelates mofte ha- 
 ue other maners of exercyfe. For whi in cham- 
 bre fhall be a grete corde knytted in the ende & 
 hanged up, and take that corde wyth bothe ha- 
 des and ftonde vpryght foo that thou touche 
 not the erthe, and ftonde a good while, thene 
 runne as moche as thou mayft heder and theder 
 wyth that corde, and otherwhile Ikyppe. And 
 
 i . SI. 1986. aliqui prelati et honefti viri, et aliq religiofi 
 et inclufi.
 
 yf this pleafe the not, haue a ftone of 1 xxx li. 
 weyghte or theraboute, and 2 yf thou wolt ha- 
 ue helthe therin ofte here that fton fro that on 
 fide of that houfe to that other fide, or a longe 
 whyle holde vp that fton or thou let it doun, or 
 here it a boute thy necke or bytwene thy han- 
 des, and fo of other maners tyl thou feynt ; or 
 thus hold a ftaffe in thy hand, and lete ano- 
 ther take hit from the yf he maye wyth euyn 
 draughte ; or thus clofe a peny in thyn hand & 
 lete another take it yf he may ; or thus holde 
 thy breth as longe as thou maift, and thenne 
 puffe it oute as harde as thou maift do. And 
 this maner of exercyfe is full profy table to 
 put oute noyos fuperfluytees ; for why many 
 fuperfluytees in flepe ben wythholden, therfore 
 yf thou haue non other maner of exercyfe hol- 
 dyng of breth helpeth it moche. 3 ^[ Yet 
 ther ben other maners of exercyfe for yonge 
 men that ben lufty, as to renne to wraftle, to 
 lepe, to cafte the ftone ; and fo of other playes. 
 Alfo tempred flefhly companyng with 4 a yog 
 broun woman is goode in wynter, and wyth 
 
 1 . SI. 32 1 5. of xxx" pownde. 
 
 2. 989. and if thou wolt, have a hole therein, 
 and ofte here, &c. 
 
 3. 989. Add Alfo to delue or to dygge in a gar- 
 dyne, or to hold to the plogh a forow or too, or to 
 walke aftur y e plogh to take y e eyre of the erth, is ful 
 holfom for the bodi. 
 
 4. All the MSS. with women is good and helpely in 
 gouernynge of helthe to hem that may haue it, &c.
 
 a yonge white woman ys goode in fomer ; is 
 alfo goode & helpyng in gouernyng of helthe 
 to body but not to foule, except to them 
 that mowen haue it by Goddes lawes; fo ne- 
 theles that ther be fo moche tym bytwene, that 
 he fele hymfelfe eafed and lyghtened in his body, 
 and that he ete the better & flepe the better. But 
 therwyth vnderftonde that as moche as hel- 
 pyth tempred companyenge, fo moche noyeth 
 dyftempred copanyeg, and namely to moche, 
 for it coleth him, wafteth him, & febleth him. 
 1 Forwhy manys kinde is made of the befte 
 bloode & befte defyed, that haftely maye torne 
 into manys lymmes : and forwhi whenne 
 a ma cafteth oute that noble humors to mo- 
 che, he is hugely dyfcolored and his body mo- 
 che febled, more then he lete - foure fithes fo mo- 
 che bloode oute of his body ; alfo who that mo- 
 che deleth or copanyeth flefhly wyth a woman, 
 lyghtly kacheth y e palfey with more euyll. 
 ^[ How a man fholde haue hym in etyng. 
 
 WHen a man hath well exercyfed him 
 as it is feyd tofore, reft a while after, 
 
 SI. 2460. Spanna enim fit de ianguine bono &: plenc 
 digeltionis, quod est couuertibile in membrorum iu- 
 irementum.
 
 and 1 then a lityl frefhe whete brede wele baked 
 and fomdel foured; then drynk a draught of 
 goode clere wyne or other goode fauery dry- 
 nke ; then reft a while after, and ftudie in fom 
 wyfe meanes ; then haue fom folace & myrthes 
 wyth thy frende and wyth other honeft copa- 
 ny ; then ayenft euyn take thy 2 mete & fupper 
 mooft fauorly, but yf thy coftome be there age- 
 yn. But a generalle rule of all fylik & leches 
 is that thyne houre of etyng be when thou art 
 kyndly hungry : and tofore thyn hunger etc 
 not, but yf it be a lityll mefle of goode & clene 
 warme mete to prouoke thyn appetyte wyth ; 
 & when thou haft appetyte let not, for 3 as a fy- 
 cylion feyth, the ftomak oute of vfe to fuffre 
 hunger fulfylleth the body of roten humors. 
 And then woll a manys body wexe full of 
 noughty humors, by caufe that the colere ys 
 drawen to the mouth of the ftomak, fo that 
 afterwarde when he wold etc he may not. Fer- 
 thermore it ys to wyte that 4 no man fholde ete 
 but he knew certaynly his ftomak voyde of 
 that thyng that he ete tofore, and that fhall a 
 
 1. SI. 989. than ete a litil, &c. 
 
 2. 3215 & 989. take thi moil faule. 
 2460. maiore ilia efta capiat. 
 
 .3. 989. for as Auycien. 
 
 4. Tu nunquam comedas ftomachum nifi noveris ante. 
 Purgalum, vacuiunqne cibo quern fumpferis ante. 
 
 fit'. San. Sat.
 
 man knowe by delire that he hath to etc, and 
 by plete of fpyttyng comyng vp to his mou- 
 the. Forwhi who that eteth wythoute delire, 
 his mete mall fynd the kyndly hete of his fto- 
 mak colde ; and he that etyth wyth delire he lhal 
 fynde the kyndely hete of ftomake gyue vp a 
 fmell &c fauoure like encenfe. But thife & fu- 
 che other mold be vnderftode of hem that haue 
 mete ordeyned at her own wyll, and who y* that 
 not, etc when he maye haue it, for they ben not 
 bounden to the lawes of this crafteli dyatore. 
 As to the qualitees of thi metes, vnderftode 
 that thilke mete whiche that mofte gouerneth 
 thyn helthe Iholde not be paffyng in any qua- 
 lite : forwhi the metes that ben to hote brenen 
 the blood, as peper, garlek, oynyos, crefles, fau- 
 ge,myates, x periile,&fuche other; and tho metes 
 that ben to cold frefyn the blood, as letufe, 2 pur- 
 iila, gourdes, & fuche other. And yf thi metes 
 ben to watry then they rote thi blood, as be 
 melons & cocombres ; and yf thy metes ben to 
 drye it throwith oute thyn vytayll vertues ; & 
 yf thy metes be to fatte they let thi dygeftio 
 . B. j. 
 
 1. SI. 1986 & 2460 petrocilliu 3215 percelie 
 989 perfele, 
 
 2. SI. 1986 & 2460 portulata 3215 purfelane 
 989 purflane.
 
 and yf thi metes ben to fwete, they lloppe the 
 and make the conftypat & coftyff; and thi me- 
 tes ben bitter they vtterly norymen the not. 
 And yf thy metes be to fake they brenen, noye, 
 & breken thy ftomak ; and if thy metes ben to 
 foure they maken the fone olde. Forthy non 
 of thife metes moche & contynuelly vfed is 
 good to helthe of mannys body, but only that 
 mete is goode that is tempered and a wantyth 
 to mykilnefle, as ben thyfe good metes for hel- 
 the of manys body & holfom, lambe of on yere, 
 yonge kyddes, fouking calues, henys, capons, 
 chekyns, pertryches, ploueres, fefautes, fmale 
 byrdes of the feeld & of the woode, but not of 
 the water ; and, when the feafon comyth, yoge 
 rabettes and pygges feet ben goode, & other 
 extremytees, as groye & eres, and fcaled fyfhe 
 of dene rennyng water, rere eyren or eggis, 
 alfo borage, 2 langdebufF, whete bred well ba- 
 ke & well leuyned and fomdele 3 faltyd, of that 
 that is one daye olde or tweyn, and of other 
 that ben not to moche pafleng in eny qualyte. 
 And yf we drede excefTe of any qualite amend 
 
 1. SI. 989. & wantyth the mochenefs. Than be 
 theis gode met9 & holfu, lambe, &c. 
 
 SI. 3215. and wantethe no mychelnes. 
 1986. qui caret 01 addittamento. 
 
 2. 989. langdebef & violettes ar gode & holfu to 
 make wortes of. 
 
 3. SI. 989, fomdele loured.
 
 it by the contrary thereof ; an enfample, yf thou 
 be feke of l euyll & toughe metes vfe therfore 
 fharpe metes & fhorte, 2 as a lityll of harde chefe, 
 fkraped metes & fhorte; as a lityll quantyte, & al- 
 fo a pere or two or thre of the moft beft frute 
 to thy complexion & nature. Sothly falte me- 
 tes, foure & bytter, may be ameded wyth fwete 
 appuls, 3 fwete metes be amended wyth fwete 
 hony & good olde wyne, and fo of all other ; & 
 yf thou wolte etc frute, etc hem 4 faft, as cherife 
 grapes & almondes, and after mete a few pe- 
 res quynces & nottes, a few while they be gre- 
 ne ; and walnottes ben beft, but let the fkyn be 
 clene pyked away fro the mete. Alfo the com- 
 plexion of a man fhold be loked to as yf he be 
 tempred, kepe hym foo wyth lyke metis and 
 drynkys ; and yf it be dyftempered, by his con- 
 trare bryng it lityll & lytyl aye to tempre ; & for 
 whi to fangweyn men dyftempered gyue ma- 
 lincolioufe metes, and to malencolyoufe men 
 fangueyen metes, and to flewmatyk men co- 
 leryk metes, for euery euyl complexion may 
 be broughte to temprure, but if neceflaryes of 
 _^ B ij 
 
 1. SI. 989 gluy 3215 glewy 1986 vifcofis. 
 
 2. as peris & chefe. 
 
 3. ,, 3215 foure metis 2460 acetofa. 
 
 4. etc theim firft.
 
 lyuelode let it. And know when them woke, 
 and note it for a fouerayye notabylite, who y* 
 etyth ofte mylke & fyfhe, ofte katchen therof a 
 lepre or a white fkabbe. 1 Alfo ofte to vfe wy- 
 ne, as grete & hihe myghty or hihe coloured, and 
 mylke to gyder, bryngeth a man to both lepre 
 & fkab. Here 2 none fufryfyth of qualyte of me- 
 tes. As to the quantyte vnderftonde that thy 
 mete ne thy drynke Iholde be no more but as 
 thi kyndely helthe myght ouercom it, elles thy 
 body fhall wafte and thy vertues wexe feble. 
 And for the quatyte of metes, drynkes, maye 
 not certenly be fhewed, loke how thou feylft it 
 hath don the moft good, and fuche quantyte 
 vfe. Furdermore vnderftonde that no man 
 fholde etc anone after his exercyfe, ne anon af- 
 ter he were bathed, but fyrfte reft hym a while 
 fo that he hungre, and then when he woll ete, 
 yf he be a ryche ma fette tofore hym many me- 
 tes, of which that one is better tha that other ; 
 for a 3 fycyfion feyth it fhall better faue hym 
 & better noryfhe hym, and Ikyll whi ; for mete 
 that is taken with delyte the ftomak hugely 
 
 1. SI. 989. Alfo who that ufith ofte mylk & wyne 
 togeder, ofte tyme bryngith a ma in to Ikabe. 
 
 2. SI. 989. here anone. 
 3- Anycien.
 
 coueteth, haftely kacheth, log holdeth, and wel 
 defyeth ; and that mete that is befte defyed is 
 mofte noryfhing for manys body. Truly o- 
 ther mete that is not defyed is taken wyth 
 1 fulfomnes, and defyeth not well ; for whi yf a 
 man defyre more - moton then a capon, the mo- 
 ton fhall rather be eten, and fo of all other me- 
 tes. But there that is moche drftaiice in qua- 
 lyte of metys, we mowen not doo thus. And 
 alfo bewar that it be none erraut appetyte, as 
 in wymmen that ben wyth childe, and though 
 it otherwhile be, yet fhall it not alwaye be de- 
 nyed. Furthermore as Galyen fayeth, that at 
 one mele men fholden not etc dyuerfe metes, & 
 therefore at morow etc but bred alone, and at e- 
 uyn flefh alone ; for when two dyuerfe metes 
 ben take at one mele, of hem comyn two euy- 
 les, one in eyther by it fylfe, another in hem bo- 
 the togyder in hemfelfe; for then one traueyleth 
 to torne into grete & heuy humours, and that 
 other into fubtyl & lyghte in hem both. For 
 if the fubtyl mete goo before it is fyrft defyed, & 
 goyth fourth & draweth wyth hym the grete 
 
 B iij 
 
 1. SI. 1986. faftidio. 
 
 2. pip appetet carne motoniam.
 
 mete vndefyed ; and yf the grete mete goo fyr- 
 fte tofore, then the fubtyll mete ys not defyed, 
 and maye not for the grete goo forth ; and fo 
 it wexyth corupte. And which of thife ma- 
 ners euer it be, alwaye it is euyll, but more 
 euyll it is that the fubtyll folowe the gret, for 
 the chaufyng & chaugyng into kynde of rau- 
 nes may be holpen, but the chaugyng into co- 
 rupcyon neuer or felden, and of wonder harde 
 is holpen. And therto accordeth Galyen, 
 *a ficyfion, & other olde dolours : but netheles 
 perauenture a contraryous coftume longe v- 
 fed may doo awaye the corrupcon. Alfo wete 
 well that vertue of defyynge is ofte brokyn 
 when rawe mete is putte on halfe foden, for 
 the toon 2 rawnefs fhowueth out the other, and 
 fo the half fodyn is corupte. Moreouer that 
 no man ete fo moche that the ftomak be heuy- 
 ed therwyth, ne that his appetyte ceafe. But 
 who that vlith grete exercyfe & to moche and 
 felde, and therewyth eteth vnruly, & contynueth 
 it, he fhall dye by fodeyn deth, or fhall fele wyc- 
 ked 3 likenefs, ye though his mete were ryghte 
 
 1. SI. 3215. and Auycene. 
 
 2. The word toon does not appear in any MS. 
 
 3. SI. 989. aut mails eg r tudib9
 
 goode, for by caufe his dygeftion is corrupte. 
 Therefore kepe well thi flomak from to moche" 
 mete and drynke ; * and it fo myfhap any tyme, 
 anoon wyth water & oyle or fuch other, fpue 
 it out anon, and then flepe, and yf thou maye 
 not flepe, walk foftely vp and downe, and xxiiij 
 houres etc not after, ne drynke not ; then ete a 
 lytill with a draught of good cleyne wyne, fo 
 the wyne be not to gret ne of hihe colour. And 
 on the thyrday haue fome exercyfe and be ba- 
 thed ; then ete a lytyll - after, and after flepe & 
 thou may then vfe this electuare 3 dyatryon, 
 as fayth a 4 fycyfion. Two caufes ben of fike- 
 nefTes, that is, dyuers metes, and long fyttynge, 
 and moche etyng of dyuers metes ; for of hem 
 ben gendred dyuers humours, fome goode and 
 fome euyll : long fyttyng, for then the mete that 
 fyrfte taken is defyed er the laft begynne to 
 defye ; and fo y l is defyed draweth wyth hym 
 to the lyuer that is vndefyed, and to thife two 
 ben caufe of grete fikeneffes. Alfo as old wy- 
 fe men fayen, man fholde neuer ete his fylle 
 at one mele in takyng dyuerfe metes, for as 
 
 B iiij 
 
 1. SI. 989. And yf it fo mifliappen at any time 
 that y u haft don furfet, anone wyth water, &c. 
 
 2. SI. 989. ete a litel faule & aftir that flepe, &c. 
 
 3. 3215. Diatrion Papion. 
 
 4. Auciene.
 
 Auycenne fayth, no thynge is worfe than to 
 multyple metes and fo to fytte long therat. 
 For thi he fayth that men in olde tyme were l fa- 
 tyffyed at morow wyth bred alone, and at e- 
 uyn wyth flefhe alone. And therwyth they 
 fayden refonably the more mete fholde be towar- 
 de euyn, but the coftume were contrary ; for A- 
 uycene feyth that hoole men fholde better etc at 
 ayenfte nyght then on morow, for the kyndeli 
 hete is clofed wythin them and gadreth about 
 the bowelles. Netheles flewmatyk men ete not 
 to colde,for they neden but lytyll exercyfe tome- 
 ue her kindeli hete, whiche mowe ete by the mo- 
 rowe. ^f But now the moofte 
 
 vfage is here ageyn, and among many me 
 it is foude more holfome to ete by daye then by 
 nyght, and perauenture that is fkyll of coftu- 
 me. And therfor thus sayth a wyfeman ; fhort 
 fouper and light foper is felden greuous, gret fo- 
 pers noyeas leches teche; 2 we rede it ofte opeli. 
 Also as Auycene feyth ; bytwene two etynges 
 xi 3 houres to be is profytable, and fo ete thries 
 in two days, as to daye twyes and to morow 
 
 1 . 81.3215 . were apayede. 
 
 989. were payed. 
 
 2. 3215. we feen it ofte. 
 
 3. xvj houres.
 
 but ones, and ib to contynue forth ; ib that yf 
 errour fall in twyes etyng, l and fo ageyward ; 
 for that one moft be amended by that other, 
 iith it is harde to live without errour. More- 
 ouer vnderftonde that men that have goode 
 vnderftondyngs etyn for they wolde lyue, but 
 they that goon by flefhlynes wolden lyue for 
 to ete, and contrary to nature. And wyte thou 
 well that to a coleryk manys ftomak when y e 
 vertue is ftronge and gret hete, grete metes 
 ben good, as beoff, porke, gret venyfon, & grete 
 2 beftly fyfhes, roughe & gret bred, 3 fake mete, 
 flefhe half fodyn, & grete myghty coloured wy- 
 ne ; and yf the hete of the ftomak be feble, and if 
 he haue but littyl exercyfe, the metes aforfayd 
 wolde much noye hym ; but to fuche a ftomak 
 gyue fubtyl metes, as chekyns, & fmale fyfhes 
 of ftony rennyng water, rere egges, bred we- 
 lle baken and well foured, fmalle wyne, and of 
 clene & oryet coloure, not depe, & fuche other. 
 But thife metes fholden be corrupte of a hote 
 ftomak. And yf the vertue dygeftyff 4 be in y e 
 meane tyme of dyetyng, as capones, hennes, 
 
 1. SI. 989 & 3215. Add it may be amendid w* ones 
 etyng, and so ageyward, &c. 
 
 2. SI. .321.5. flefhly fifches. 
 
 989. gret fyffhys. 
 
 1986. pifies beftiales. 
 
 3- 9^9- -Add poudred byfe. 
 
 4. be in mene, han yexie hym mene dyetyng.
 
 pertryches, and fuche other. Alib in gouernau- 
 ce of helthe, fie all excefTyuous metes, and na- 
 mely : thefe, but if it be for a medycyne; fle alfo 
 all frutes, and alfo herbes that ben not goode, 
 as thife, namely, colewortes & 2 letuys, for they 
 make malyncolypufe blood. Galye fayth y f my 
 fader euer forbad me y* I fhould etc no new fru- 
 tes & grene, yf I wolde be wythoute fekenes, 
 for he hymfelfe did and was euer wythouten 
 fikenefTes ; and while he lyued, fo did I, & was 
 alfo wythouten likenes ; and when he was 
 ded, I eete frutes, & caught the feueres ; and af- 
 ter that I caughte connyng to kepe my lilfe, I 
 kepte me from frutes, & I had no nomore the fe- 
 ueres, but if it were a lytyll fharpe feure cal- 
 led offymera. And all my frendes that kepten 
 mydocl:ryne,kept hem from frutes and hadcle her 
 helth. Arnolde, a grete clerke, fayth thus; 3 Inis 
 lete long vfag of ftoppyng metes, as fyfhe & 
 pefe potage ; therfor it is profytable firft to etc 
 porren of pefes, for this is a water that wyfe 
 men hath comended ; and thus it is made ; doo 
 pefyn in fayr water all nyghte, & in the fame 4 
 
 j. SI. 3215. namely chefe. 
 
 2. & 989. In/lead of letuys read beetes. 
 
 3. In lente is longe vfage, &c. 
 
 4. in the same water lete hem haue a goode 
 grete walme ; tliaune cienfe, &c.
 
 water boyle them on morow a goode while, 
 and thenne clenfe them and kepe the clenfyng, 
 and whan mete tyme comyth, doo therto a lityl 
 wyne, a lityll powder of fpyknarde, a lityll fa- 
 fron, & clene fmale white falte, and than ' boyle 
 it on a walme, and fo etc, for it openeth & clen- 
 lith well the 2 capytalle veynes of the lyuer, & 
 the weyes ofte of the vryne, and kepeth fro y e 
 ftone & grauelles, namly yf the forfaid pefen 
 be foden in the forfaid water wyth perlily. 
 ^f How a man fholde haue hym in his drynke. 
 
 THe leffe ye drynk at mete the better it is, 
 euer fo it be mefurably taken, for a man 
 fholde not at mete drynke moche left it make 
 mete to fwymme in his ftomak : forthy men 
 ihould drynk a lityll, fo that the mete be well 
 medeled & tempred togyder, and then lete a lo- 
 ge while bytwene or thou drynke ayen, and 
 than drynke a grete draught at ones, ne dryn- 
 ke not to moche aftyr the firfte morfell in no 
 maner of wyfe, 3 but drynke ofte a lityll & a li- 
 tyll of fmalle clene wyne, beft accordynge to 
 helthe & gouernynge of thy complexion and 
 
 1 . SI. 989. boyle it a while. 
 
 2. capellar. 2460. mudificat venas capillares. 
 
 3. 989. Add but etc firft a good faule or y u 
 drynk, & than drynke gode frefh ale of iij halpeny ale 
 if y u may gett it, & drynk no myzthi ale ate mete, ne 
 drynk not aftir none, but if thurft caufe it, ne drynk 
 not late a yeue, for it engedreth moche flewme ; Wyne 
 acordyng beft fo gode gounauce of helthe is gode rede 
 rbret \vvne not to newe, &c.
 
 nature ; and for helthe of body is clene and 
 fmalle claret wyne, not to new ne to myghty, 
 fo it be well and proporcyonli tempred wyth 
 the quantyte of clene water. Moreouer no ma 
 be fo hardy to drynk faftyng cold water, ne af- 
 ter that he hath accompanyed wyth a woman, 
 ne after gret trauayle, ne after exerlice, tyll he 
 haue fyrft refted hym, ne by nyght namely yf 
 he haue do J gloue tofore, forwhi longe flepe & 
 fail flepyng is cure therto. 
 *([ What ihall be don after mete. 
 
 AFter whenthou haft ete, thoufholdeft fto- 
 de or walke a lytyll foftly vp & down tyl 
 thy mete good owne to the botom of thy fto- 
 mak, and then flepe a lityll, yf thou be vfed ther- 
 to both daye and nyght, namly flepe fyrft on thy 
 ryght fide, for that is kyndely, for thy dygeftio 
 fhall be better, for then lieth thy lyuer vnder thi 
 ftomak, as fyre vnder a caudren. And after 
 thi fyrft flepe, turne on thy lifte fyde that thy 
 ryght fide maye be refted of thy longe lygyng 
 theron, and whan thou haft layen theron a 
 good while and flept, turne ayen on thi ryght 
 
 i. SI. 3213 & 989. glotcnye.
 
 fide, and ther ilepe all nyght forth. And loke y* 
 thou lye not to ftreight ne to 1 croked, wyth thi 
 legges but in a meane bytwene ftreight & cro- 
 ked. And in no wyfe lie not 2 vpryght, for the 
 woll the fuperfluytees abyde wythin the and 
 turne to wycked & greuous euylles contrarye 
 to helthe. Alfo to lye grouelyng on the wom- 
 be is goode, fo that thy breth be not greued ther- 
 wyth& the heuyer; and the gretter thi mete be& 
 the more thou haft taken thereof, euer the 3 leger 
 fholde thi nyght flepe be, and euer y e fubtiler y* 
 thi mete be& y e leffe thou haue, euer y e lefTe fhold 
 thy flepe be. For flepe if full helpy to olde me, 
 for it maketh them moyft, & therfor fayth Galy- 
 e, when he was olde he etc letufes wyth fpyfes 
 for he wolde flepe the better. Morouer fleepe is 
 full helpy to the dygeftyo of thi metes, but not 
 anone after that thou haft eten, for thou myg- 
 htift be ftrangled ^f Alfo wete thou that yf a 
 man 4 before auyntiffhed of his body, moche fle- 
 pe then is not good for hym, for it woll wafte 
 his moyftnes ; and of one thing beware that 
 to longe flepe or to fhorte febleth a manys bo- 
 dyand breketh it. And after thou haft eten 
 
 1. SI. 3215. clight. 
 
 2. 1986. fupra dorfu. 
 
 3. 1986. profundior. 
 
 4. ,, 321^. be fore auyntefed. 
 
 989. he fore euentyflhed or waft id of his bodi, 
 morhc Ilepe, &r.
 
 take no letuaryes ne other hote thynges, for 
 they tournen thi mete to corrupcon ; ne anone 
 after thou haft etc, rene not ne ride not to faft, 
 for then euery ftronge meuyng thyng turneth 
 thi mete to corrupcyon; and alfo the vertue dy- 
 geftyf is noryflied thurgh reft ; alfo after me- 
 te & tofore mete, as much as thou mayft, flee 
 wrath, forow, & pencyfulneffe. And right as to- 
 fore mete, exercyfes be good, fo after mete they 
 noye, and reft is beft. Morouer Aueroys feyth, 
 ryght as colde water cafte in a potte boylyng, 
 letteth the boyling for a tyme, fo to drynke af- 
 ter mete, namely fone, letteth the dygeftyon & 
 maketh it to ceafe for a tyme ; and therfore yt 
 is not good after mete to drynk moche tyll y e 
 mete be defyed, but after mete to fuffre thurft 
 fomwhat is good. And yf thou wolt eafely 
 voyde thi ftomak, ftonde aftur thi fouper tylle 
 thou be wery, or walke a thoufand paces ; and 
 wete thou that : glotery, and when thy mete defy- 
 eth not well, what euer the caas be, bathynge, 
 ne bloode lettynge, ne exercyfe, ben not good, 
 but reft, flepe, abftynence, and diatryon pypion. 
 
 i. SI. 3215. that in glotenye.
 
 Exercyfe is not good, for therby iliolde thikke 
 rawe humoures be loofe, and then therof the ly- 
 mes fholden be noryfhed, and that were euyll. 
 Forwhy in fuche exercyfe the kyndly hete is 
 not comforted, but more febled & ftraunglyd, 
 for the rawe humours arn dyfTolued ; for rygh- 
 te as water quencheth fyre, fo rawe humo- 
 res quenche the kynde helthe. 
 ^f Of noyes of euyll gouernauce. 
 
 THere ben many that oly not vfen euyl 
 gouernauce in metes & drynkes, but al- 
 fo ftrongely mayntene it, and as they fey- 
 en ben well at eafe & wele defyen, and they fco- 
 rne leches and other wyfe men that vfen goode 
 gournauce ; for they byleue that they mold be 
 excufed of their errour by her longe cuftume. 
 Forwhi cuftume is a full ftrength in ke- 
 pyng of manys body, and that fayd Galyen 
 thus, l cuftume is better defyed. Wherfore thus 
 fayeth Auyceen, euyll mete vfed ys better the 
 good mete not vfed. The contrare of all theyfe 
 feyth Conftantyne, as yt femeth, thus ; glade 
 they not that vfen euyll mete, though they be 
 
 j . All the MSS. have this addition, thus cuftume is an 
 other kynde fithe it hathe foo moche vertue, it femethe 
 it muft be kepte, for kynde joyeth & delyteth in 
 thynge that is vfed, and therfore that that is take of 
 cuftume is better defiede.
 
 not now hurt, after they fhall not fo eicape. 
 Herto men mowen thus fey that cuftume ac- 
 cordeth wyth kynde or nay, yf it accorde yt ihal 
 be holde, and yf yt acordeth not & be not roted it 
 fhall be cafte away, but not fodenly, but lytyll 
 & lytyl. Forthi though it feme hem that haue 
 good gouernaylle of cuftume, that they been 
 wele by reafon of cuftume, vertue, ftrengthe, 
 or age, netheleffe her vertues waften preueli, 
 and fo euery day they ordeyne hem to lepre or 
 to fodeyn deth. As they that long time vfen 
 beefe olde faltyd, or beftely fyfhes, or rawe flef- 
 fhe; or they that flepe to lityl, or exercifen to mo- 
 che after mete, or out of mefure colde or hote, & 
 fo of many other ; truly of fuche it may be fayd, 
 but yf they leue of, they fhall not 1 afterte the 
 ftroke of deth. 
 
 i. SI. 1986. non evaderit.
 
 Forhelth of body l couereforcoldethyhede, 
 Etc no rawe mete, take good hede thereto, 
 Drynke holfom wyne, fede the on lyght brede, 
 Wyth an appetyte ryfe from thy mete alfo, 
 Wyth 2 wymmen fleffhely haue not adoo; 
 Vpon thy flepe drynke not of the cuppe, 
 Gladde towarde bed at morowe bothe two, 
 And vfe neuer late for to fuppe. 
 And yf it fo be that leches don the fayle, 3 
 Then take goode hede to vfe thynges thre, 
 Temporat dyete, temporat trauayle, 
 Not malyncolyoufe for none adueriite, 
 Meke in trouble gladde in pouerte, 
 Ryche with lityll, content wyth fufryfaunce, 
 Neuer grutchynge, mery like thyne degre, 
 Yef fyfik lacke make this thy gouernauce, 
 To euery tale fone gyue thou no credence, 
 Be not to hafty ne fodenly vengeable, 
 To poure folke do no vyolence, 
 Curtoys of langage, of fedyng mefurable, 
 On fondrye mete not gredy at the table, 
 In fedyng gentyll, prudente in dalyaunce, 
 Clos of tonge, in worde not deceyuable, 
 
 Lanfdowne, 699. kepe fro colde. 
 SI. 989. w* weme aged haue thow noght ado. 
 Harl. 2251. In thyn age with wymmen haue thou 
 nat adoo. 
 
 Si tibi deficiant medici, medici tibi fiant 
 Haec tria, mens laeta, requies, moderata diaeta. 
 
 Reg. San. Sal.
 
 To iaye the belt fette alwaye thy pleiauce, 
 
 Haue in hate mowthes that ben dowble, 
 
 Suffre at thy table no detraceyon, 
 
 Haue dyfpyte of folke that ben troubelous, 
 
 Of falfe raueners and adulacyon. 
 
 Wythin thy courte fuffre no dyuylion, 
 
 Wythin thy houfeholde it fhall caufe increie 
 
 Of all welfare profperyte and foyfon. 
 
 Wyth thy neyghbourhes lyue in reft & peace, 
 
 Be clene cladde after thyne eftate, 
 
 Paffe not thy bondes, kepe thy promyfe blyue. 
 
 Wyth thre folke be not at debate, 
 
 Fyrfte wyth thy better beware for to ftryue, 
 
 Ayenfte thi felaw no quarell for to contryue, 
 
 Wyth thy fubget to ftryue it were fhame, 
 
 Wherfore I counfeyll purfue all thi lyue, 
 
 To lyue in peafe, and gete the a goode name. 
 
 Fyre at morow, and towarde bed at eue, 
 
 Ageyn myftes blake, and eyer of peftylence,, 
 
 Be tyme at maffe thou fhalt the better cheue, 
 
 Firfte at thy rifynge to doo God reuerence, 
 
 Vyfite the poure wyth entere dyligence, 
 
 On all nedy haue compaflyon, 
 
 SI. 989. The ward mafle has iccn erafed and 
 praiers fuljiituteil.
 
 And God fhall fende grace and influence, 
 The to encreafe and thy poffeflyon, 
 Suffre no furfetis in thy hous at nyghte, 
 \Varre of rerefoupers, and of grete excefTe, 
 Of noddyng hedys, and of candell lyghte, 
 Of flouth at morow & flombryng idylnefle, 
 Whiche of all vyce is chefe portereffe. 
 Voyde and dronkelewe lyers & lechours 
 Of all vnthryfty exile the maftres, 
 That is to faye dyfeplayers and hafardours 
 After mete beware make not to longe flepe, 
 Hede fote and ftomak preferve aye from colde, 
 Be not pefif, of thought take thou no kepe, 
 After thy rente mayntene thy howfholde, 
 Suffre in tyme, in thy ryghte be bolde, 
 Swere none othes no man to begyle. 
 In thought be lufty, fadde when thoou art old, 
 No worldely joye lafteth but a while. 
 Drynke not at morow byfore thyn appetyte, 
 Clere eyer & walkyng makith goode digeftio 
 Bytwene meles drynke not for no lytyl delite. 
 But thurfte or traueyll gyue the occafion, 
 Ouer fake mete doth grete oppreflyon,
 
 To feble ftomak when they can not refreyne 
 Fro thynge contrary to their complexyon, 
 Of gredy hadys the ftomak hath gret payn. 
 Thus in two thynges ftodyth all thi welth 
 Of foul and of body, who fo lyfte hem fhewe, 
 Moderate fode gyueth to man his helthe, 
 And all furfetes doth from hym remewe, 
 And charyte to the foule is dew. 
 This receyte bought is of no potycarye 
 Of mayfter Antony ne of mayfter Hughe, 
 To all indyfferent it is rycheft dyetarye. 
 
 Explicit medicina ftomachi.
 
 GLOSSARY.
 
 ^^c^c^c^c^c^c^c^c^c^>t, 
 
 RR^RHRt 
 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 Aduft 
 
 Afforn 
 
 Agrotye 
 
 Alhole 
 
 Alonly 
 
 Alterte 
 
 Aye 
 
 Bit 
 But 
 Brenen 
 Byfe 
 
 burned up. 
 
 before. 
 
 to cloy to furfeit. 
 
 all whole. 
 
 alone only. 
 
 to terrify drive away. 
 
 again. 
 
 bid. 
 
 often ufed in the fenfe of unlefs, or except. 
 
 burn. 
 
 beef. 
 
 Cheue 
 Chewide 
 
 Cleped 
 Clight 
 Cofarue 
 Crafte 
 
 Defy 
 
 Defautes 
 
 Departed 
 
 to fucceed. 
 
 chewed. 
 
 pure. 
 
 called. 
 
 clofed, fattened together. 
 
 to conferve. 
 
 art. 
 
 to digeft confume. 
 
 defects. 
 
 divided. 
 
 Diatryon
 
 io6 
 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 Diatryon ~J 
 Diatrion | 
 
 papion 
 
 pypionj 
 
 Difcreuyth 
 Drefle 
 Dronkelewe 
 Dyfpyte 
 
 Effymeran 
 
 Eche 
 
 Eched 
 
 Empeyremet 
 
 Eres 
 
 Euentyffhed 
 
 Eyer 
 
 Fefkutes 
 
 Diatrion Piperion, TO Sta rpiwv imreptuv a 
 > Confection for the Stomach, made of long, 
 white, and black Pepper. 
 
 defcribeth. 
 to go. 
 drunken, 
 anger. 
 
 Ephemeran, a fever lafting only one day. 
 
 each. 
 
 eked. 
 
 injury hurt. 
 
 ears. 
 
 fee Auyntiflhed. 
 
 air. 
 
 Pheafants. 
 
 Foyfon 
 Fylthe 
 Fymeram 
 
 > therefore. 
 
 abundance. 
 {" fylthe of foule colour," 
 for flythe, i. e. flight. 
 fee Efrymeran. 
 
 probably a mifprint 
 
 Ghoftly 
 
 Gloterye 
 
 Gloue 
 
 Gouernayle 
 
 Gounale 
 
 Gromel 
 
 Growell 
 
 Grouen 
 
 Groye 
 
 Gyldene 
 
 Hadys 
 
 mental " ghoftly accidents," things hap- 
 pening to the mind. 
 
 gluttony. 
 
 government fleerage. 
 
 the herb Gromwell, or Buglos (Boraginaceae). 
 
 gruel. 
 
 grow. 
 
 groin. 
 
 golden. 
 
 hands. 
 
 Harde
 
 GLOSSARY. 107 
 
 Harde 
 
 fcarcely. 
 
 Heder 
 
 hither. 
 
 Hem 
 
 them. 
 
 Henys 
 
 hen's. 
 
 Kembe 
 
 comb. 
 
 Kynde 
 
 nature. 
 
 Kyndeli 
 Kyndly 
 
 > natural. 
 
 LangdebufF 
 Langdebef 
 
 1 the herb Buglos, or Gromwell. 
 
 Leches 
 
 "I 
 
 Lechys 
 
 >phyficians. 
 
 Leechis 
 
 J 
 
 Leger 
 
 longer. 
 
 Let 
 
 to hinder. 
 
 Lepre 
 
 leprofy. 
 
 Letuys 
 
 lettuce. 
 
 Li. 
 
 pro librae. 
 
 Lygyng 
 
 lying. 
 
 Longen 
 
 belong. 
 
 Marchautes 
 
 merchants. 
 
 Marrys 
 
 marihes. 
 
 Mean 
 Mene 
 
 V between two extremes. 
 
 Medeled 
 
 mixed. 
 
 Mery 
 
 merry. 
 
 Mefurable 
 
 moderate. 
 
 Moneth 
 
 month. 
 
 Morwe 
 
 morrow. 
 
 Mowen 
 
 may. 
 
 Mychelnes 
 Mykelnefs 
 
 I fuperfluity. 
 
 Myfede 
 
 mixed. 
 
 Myfkare 
 
 mifcarry. 
 
 Myer 
 
 mire. 
 
 Myzti 
 
 mighty. 
 
 Nafe
 
 io8 
 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 Nafe 
 
 f nofe " nafe-ronting," or "routing," or 
 \ " rowtyn " fnoring. 
 
 Neu 
 
 never. 
 
 None 
 
 noon. 
 
 Noyfe 
 
 injury. 
 
 Noyos 
 Noyous 
 
 I hurtful. 
 
 Offymera 
 
 fee Effymeran. 
 
 Oly not 
 
 not only. 
 
 Or 
 
 ufed in the fense of " ere," or " before." 
 
 Outetaken 
 
 except. 
 
 Owen 
 
 ought. 
 
 Oynyos 
 
 onions. 
 
 Percile 
 
 1 
 
 Perfele 
 
 >parfley (Petrocillium). 
 
 Perfile 
 
 J 
 
 Pde 
 
 perde verily. 
 
 Plete 
 
 plenty. 
 
 Poletis 
 
 pullets. 
 
 Porren 
 
 porrage. 
 
 Preueli 
 
 privily. 
 
 Prick 
 
 to incite. 
 
 Purfelane 
 Purfila 
 
 > the herb Purllane borage (Portulata). 
 
 Quarteyn 
 
 " A fever Quarteyn doth infe6t a man every 
 third day ; that is to fay, two days whole, 
 and one lick." 
 
 Raueners plunderers. 
 
 Renne to run. 
 
 Reerfopers "1 A fupper after the laft meal when it 
 
 Rerefoupers J time to go to reft. 
 
 Routing fee nafe-routing. 
 
 Saddyng 
 Saule 
 Seelde 
 Selde 
 
 hardning, i. e. making compact, 
 fawl drink liquor. 
 
 feldom. 
 
 Seyeg
 
 GLOSSARY. - 109 
 
 Seyeg 
 
 faying. 
 
 Sithes 
 
 times. 
 
 Skarfly 
 
 fparingly. 
 
 Skyll 
 
 reafon. 
 
 Sleeng 
 
 flaying. 
 
 Sloughe 
 
 floth. 
 
 Somdel 
 Somedele 
 
 I fomewhat. 
 
 Soude 
 
 found. 
 
 Spyce 
 
 kind fort. 
 
 Starfete 
 
 death from want. 
 
 Statys 
 
 ftates. 
 
 Syth 
 
 fince. 
 
 Talent 
 
 difpofition. 
 
 Tarrage 
 
 appearance. 
 
 Tempauce 
 
 temperance. 
 
 Tempre 
 Temper 
 Temprure 
 
 >due mixture of oppofite humours. 
 
 Thi 
 
 fee For thi. 
 
 Theder 
 
 thither. 
 
 Toon 
 
 the one. 
 
 Twyes 
 
 twice. 
 
 Unethis 
 
 scarcely. 
 
 Veer 
 
 fpring. 
 
 Venym 
 
 venom. 
 
 Verdur 
 
 tapeftry. 
 
 Warre 
 
 beware. 
 
 Walme 
 
 a bubble in boiling liquids a fimmer. 
 
 Whanne 
 
 when. 
 
 Whi 
 
 fee For whi. 
 
 Wete 
 
 to wit. 
 
 Weder 
 
 weather. 
 
 Worche 
 
 work. 
 
 Wortes 
 
 vegetables. 
 
 Wylfully 
 
 of his own accord. 
 
 Yeue
 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 Yeue 
 Yeue 
 Y5g 
 
 Zongli 
 
 evening, 
 to give, 
 young. 
 
 youngly. 
 
 w r A rs i 
 
 **
 
 In Preparation. 
 In Otic / V., Demy 4/0, ii'itli. many Facfinillc Illustrations. 
 
 A T R E A T I S E 
 
 TYPOGRAPHICAL WORKS 
 
 WILLIAM CAXTON, 
 
 WILLIAM B LADES. 
 
 M, sll-fhiti'ck Lane, London, 
 Sept. j8;,8. 
 
 ! Turn dyer.
 
 PROPOSED CONTENTS. 
 
 A few Particulars (some new) iu the Lite <>t 
 William Caxton, with Extracts from the Original 
 Documents. 
 
 An Elfay on Caxton's Types and Typography ; 
 with rules for afcertaining the Dates of his undated 
 Works. 
 
 An exact Collation of et'try Work at prelent 
 known to have ilftied from Caxton's Prefs (including 
 several hitherto undefcribed by Bibliographers) ; with 
 an Account of about 400 Volumes, now preferred in 
 various Public and Private Libraries of England, Scotland, 
 and France. 
 
 -Some Account of the " Caxtons " contained in 
 the chief Public and Private Libraries of the laft Two 
 Centuries, with Purchafers' Names and Prices, when 
 fold. 
 
 An accurate Tranfcript of all Caxton's Prologues 
 and Epilogues in their original Orthography.

 
 University of Cfilifornid 
 
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 Return this material to the library 
 
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