THE ACHARNIANS 01" ARISTOPHANES. REVISED, WITH TKEFACE AND FULL EXrLANATOKY NOTES, BY F. A. PALEY, M.A. EDITOR OF AESCHYLUS, EURIPIDES, &C. ; CLASSICAL EXAMINER TO TUE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. • « « f ■ r » ■ * ' ' » • t ^ M , . ' » * # » • J ' J , ' » til** . • • J * ** J » * » CAMBRIDGE : DEIGIITON, BELL, AND CO. LONDON: (i. BKLL AND SONS. 1.S7G. GTambvitrtjc : PKIKTED BY C. J. CLAT, M.A. AT THE IJNIVEESITT PRESS. C C C c c « c • * • « c C C C • ••• « « L/ PA TO THE EEADEIi. This work has been undertaken, not so miicli from a paucity of editions of the most poi^ular and bril- liant play of Aristophanes, as in defence of the old EREATUM. iNTRODt'CTiox, page X, dele the words ' in Germany. feeling shown in many of the changes intruductd. In saying this, I would not be understood as speaking of Aristophanes alone. Some changes, of course, arc necessary, and many are such as commend themselves at once to every editor of judgment and taste. But others im])ly a caprice which seems to let nothing alone, and which has led the authors of them habitually to indulge in inge- nious guo.s.scs, without po.sses.sing (as it seems to me) that correct sense of fitness and rhythinical li.innony which are essential conditions of sober criticism. 4G8751 (/ -1 c c c c c c PA TO THE EEADER. This work lias been undertaken, not so mucli from a paucity of editions of the most popular and bril- liant play of Aristophanes, as in defence of the old text, which, as it seems to me, has in many places been altered, without sufficient reason, not only by the German, but by their too obsequious followers, the English editors. I am well aware that to recall generally rejected readings may seem to some not only presumption, but a retrogression in scholarship. What strikes me, however, so strongly, brought up as I have been in the old-fashioned school of verse- writing, is not only the needlossness (though that is often very apparent), but the want of poetic feeling shown in many of the changes introduced. In saying this, I would not be understood as speaking of Aristophanes alone. Some changes, of course, are necessary, and many are such as commend themselves at once to every editor nf judgment and taste. But others imply a caprice which seems to let nothing alone, and which has led the authors of them habitually t(j indulge in inge- nious guesses, without possessing (as it seems to me) that correct sense of fitness and iliythmical harmony whicli are essential conditions of sober criticism. 4G8751 './ _ IV TO THE READER. Dr Holden will forgive me for expressing my sur- prise that so sound and sober a scholar should so meekly bow to the dictates of Meineke and Cobet. The otherwise excellent edition of Albert Muller (to which all succeeding editors must look for a full record of various readings and conjectures, as well as for a coj)ious apparatus of references and exe- getical notes) is too often liable to the charge of altering the MS. readings without due cause. Our own Elmsley was, like the sagacious and judicious ])obree, often successful, and some of his corrections are evidently right : but of a large number of his alterations, as indeed of Dobree's, it is impossible to say more than that they are good readings in their way, and if one was treating an old writer as a teacher treats a schoolboy's exercise, one might be willing enough to accept them. No critic perhaps has indulged in wilder guesses than Hamaker ^ ; and yet both Meineke and Dr Holden seem to show a respect for them which I, for one, am unable to feel. It appears to me that a conjecture ought not to be admitted merely because it is possibly or even pro- bably true, unless the MSS. readings are, on metrical or grammatical grounds, certainly or most probably corrupt, — a canon which, rightly interpreted, would eliminate at least half of the alterations that have found a place in the texts of the Greek poets ^ Mr 1 e.g. for oi)5' &c aiWriv rrjv 'Axaiav padlus ijvlax^'r' oiv, Dr Holden thinks it worth while to quote Hamaker's emendation (!) oi'o' S.V AuTOK\rjs TToKaiwp k.t.X. '■' The ugly word ivTiTevrXidu/xivrj^, adopted in Ach. 894 hy TO THE READER. V Blaydes seems to commence with the assumption that MSS. are generally very corrupt, and -wholly untrustworthy; and that some one or other of a series of ingenious conjectures has a better chance of being right. On this subject I entirely agree with Mr Rogers ' : " Modern German criticism, as regards Aristophanes at least, is calculated rather to display the ingenuity of the critic, than to improve the text of the author. Alterations are introduced, without any semblance of authority or probability, apparently for no other reason than that they would, in the opinion of the editor, have done as well as the received and authorized reading." Fortunately (he adds) each succeeding editor sweeps away thf emendations of his predecessor, so that we have a corrective process constantly going on that tends to bring us back to the old texts*. Meineke and Dr Holden from a conjecture of Mr Blaydes', spohik to me far less probable than the vulg. ivriTiVT'Kavutxivr)^, from T(vT\avoi> — TevT\ov. It is true that tcvtKU occurs and Ti\jT\avov does not; but nvrXtZovv is a pure invention. ' P. 242 of his recent and useful edition of the Vespnc, ' I may illustrate these remarks by two passages in the pre- sent play. In v. 347, ifx^Wtr dp airavrei ivaatUiv {io7]v has been altered, after Dobroe and Elmsley, into ^/^AXcr apa. irdfTus dvriffeiv rrji /3o^s, or ttjv /^o')" (*pa the MHS.). Unplcasiug as this is to the ear, and (as I hrii)e I liavo Hh()^vll in the note) wholly unnecessary to the scnsf, it lias found favour with most of the recent editors ; while Mr Blaydes would have us believe, wliat I for one never can believe, that the poet wrote in^Wtr dp' ivrfjaeiv irod' vp.us rqs (io'js. The other passage is v. 31S, vnip iwt^-rjvov Oi\ij(ru ttji> K((f>a\r]i> ^Xwv Xiyiiv. I have no d()ul)t wliiilevi'r tliat tliis is tlio trui' reading; and I have quoted in the note several iambic verses, VI TO THE READER. A play so full of difficulties and political al- lusions as the Acharnians cannot be really ex- plained by the short and rather scant notes which Mr Green and Mr Hailstone have given in their expurgated school-manuals. Young students are too apt to suppose (which is a great delusion) that all is simple and straightforward that is not commented upon in the editions they use. On the other hand, the length to which A. Muller's notes extend is likely to deter all but the more careful and industrious stu- dents from using his otherwise learned and exhaust- ive work. Mr Mitchell's book is copious in illustra- tion, and shows great appreciation of the author's meaning and wit, but it is of no value whatever as a critical edition. Not only of this play, but of all the comedies of Ai'istophanes it may be said, that there is ample room for a good annotated edition inter- mediate between the two extremes of brevity and prolixity, — avoiding on the one hand (as far as is possible in writing English notes) verbosity and which, if changed into trochaics hy the addition of ?ij)es cretinis, would give exactly the same position in the verse for tviV KicpaK-qv. In truth, an anapaest is by no means uncommon in this place in the comic senarius ; and we have no right whatever, because a second example happens to be wanting, to exclude it from a comic trochaic. Yet even Porson and Elmsley woiild alter Tr,v Kicpakriv to Tov KicpaXov (the joke of which I do not pretend to explain), while Miiller admits into his text a conjecture of Hansing, vir^p ewi^rivov 6e\r,(rw t/jv ye KfigH, ixiKpd i] ivvoia, rip Vlll TO THE READER. such readings as seemed of sufficient importance to require notice. I have adhered to the method I have always followed, of making such remarks part of the general commentary, though the custom of writing critical notes separately, and in Latin, lias some undoubted advantag'es. The disadvantajye is, that nine out of ten students never look at separate critical notes at all. In revising the text I have compared throughout the readings of all the good editions of this play, Dr Holden generally takes Meineke for his guide : on the whole, I much prefer Bergk's text to any other, and I have followed him in the main, though rejecting some of the alterations which even he, by no means an inno- vator^, has adopted. The Eavenna MS. (R) on the whole has been my guide rather than the Paris A, which in this play appears to be of next authority. In the country dialects of the Megarian and the Boeotian, the variety of readings in the MSS. and the paucity of Inscriptions of the period combine to make conjectural emendation doubly difficult. This part of the play has been a fertile field for critical sagacity; but the harvest, from the very diversity of opinions, has been a poor one, and it seems best on the whole to adhere to the most approved MS. ^ Bergk saj^s in his Preface (Ed. Teub. 1867), " Sediilo operam dedi ut oratio Ai'istophanea quam maxime ex librorum optimorum auctoritate restitueretur ; itaque baud raro malui locum aperte dcpravatum intactum relinquere quam pro arbitrio aut i^raecep- tarum opinionum gratia immutare." I have only carried out this principle a little further than himself. TO THE READER. ix readings, even witliout having entire confidence in their correctness. I think Bergk has shown a sound discretion in rejecting most of the unauthorized changes. It is evident that, even if we had more Boeotian and Megarian Inscriptions, they would he no guide to the patois of the country-folk, nor can much aid be obtained from the broad Doric which prevails in so large a part of the Lysistrata. Nor, again, is it possible to feel assured that the poet himself in all cases correctly wrote the words he may have heard in the conversation of Doric peasants in the Athenian agora. To the ordinary student, the exact orthography of provincial Greek words is of much less moment than it is to the philologist. In a work intended for the former, it seemed tho less necessary to exercise the critical office too rigidly in this particular part of the play, which may be allowed to have come down to us in a less satisfactory condition. The dialogue at the end of the play between Lamachus and Dicaeopolis seems also in some parts corrupt; but the changes adopted by Miilh'r on metrical grounds are too violent to be safely followed. I have mentioned in the notes the most probable of them ; though I am aware that these are matters of but little interest to orflinary readers. Few English students now undergo that special training in ciiti- cism that has always been characteristic of German scholarship. We retain, it is true — though contrary to the judgment of many — the practice of Greek and X TO THE READEll. Latin verse-composition ; but our classical studies of late years have taken a different direction, and phi- lology, history, and philosophy are the most usual subjects of our lectures and examinations. As a consequence, we seem to pay less attention to those niceties of metre and syntax which engaged the acute and observant minds of Person, Dawes, Elmsley, and Dobree. This school has its latest representatives in Germany in Madvig and Cobet, Many of their proposed alterations may seem improbable and un- necessary; but they have earned the respect and gratitude of English scholars, and their works are an encouragement to the somewhat relaxing interest in close verbal scholarship, by proving that classical criticism is still thought worthy of being made the lifelong labour of the profoundest intellects and the most accomplished minds. London, Jidij, 187C. PEEFACE. The Comedy called, from the persons composing the Chorus, ^A'^apvrj'i, i. e. townsmen of the large and important Attic deme which had suffered so severely from the ravages of the Spartan king, Archidamos (Thucyd. II. 19), was brought out at the Lenaea^ in the Archonship of Euthydemus^ B.C. 425, in the sixth year of the War. Between the capture of the port (jf Megara by Athens in the year 427 (Tliuryd. iir. ol, Ach. 761), and the death of Sitalces in 424 (Thuc. IV. 101, Ach. 134), but three years intervene. The express mention of the sixth year (Ach. 2Ct), 890) fixes the date at the precise point between these historical limits. Like the two preceding plays, the Jianffieters (AairaXei^;) and the Baby- lonians, which latter had appeared the year before', the Acharnians was brought out under another name, — a fact avowed by tlie poet hinist-lf in more passages than one*, thougli liis real reasons for iloing ' V. 504. * V.vOvixivom ^rSS., corrected hy Dimlorf and ollicrs. * rriv iripvai. KU/jkifSiai', v. 377. •• VoHp. 1018, Nulj. 520—30, Efjiiit. 512. XU PEEFACE. SO are unknown, and cannot be certainly explained'. The Banqueters, perhaps, was exhibited by Philo- nides^, who also brought out the Wasps and the Frogs. The Bahylonians and the Acharnians were given to Callistratus, a friend of the poet's, though whether a comic author, like Philonides, or only an actor, uTTo/cpiT?;?, has been doubted ^ It seems pro- bable that both were well-known as writers of comedy, though nothing is recorded about Callistra- tus*. The first play which Aristophanes brought out in his own name was that exhibited the year afterwards, the Cavaliers (or Knights), 'iTTTret?, a play which the author was evidently engaged upon when the Acharnians was acted^ In the Clouds (531) he jocosely compares the disowning of his own plays to an infant put out to nurse. 1 A. Miiller (Praef. p. vii.) remarks that the custom was not altogether new, the three Tragic poets having allowed younger relations to exhibit plays composed by themselves. ^ Ranke, De Vit. Arist. in ed. Meiueke, p. xx., "Initio omnia eo ducere videntur, ut a Philonide Daetalenses doctam esse suma- mus." He remarks, that though frequent reference is made in the Acharnians to the Babijlovians, there is not the slightest allusion to the Banq'ueters. This play therefore, he sujiposes to have been given to a different exhibitor. But Bergk and A. Miiller consider that Callistratus brought out all the three plays preceding the'lTTTrfis. ^ Eanke, p. xi., who quotes the /St'os 'AjOto-ro^dcous ad fin., vwo- KpiTal 'A.piiit tlio Siiartitii ]>arty, when the question of war was brought before tbeni and the allies, voted for it by a decided majority ; see t6.§§ 79 and 87. MrGrote(vol. V. p. 376) says, "It is common to ascribe the I'l'loponnesian war to the ambition of Athens ; but this is a partiiil view of the ease. The aggressive sentiment, partly fear, partly hatred, was on tlic side of the Pcloponnesians, who were not ignorant that Atliens desired the continuance of pea '' Xx^-pvioiv' ApicrT0(pdv7]% idida^ev, iv oh ttoWovs kukus elvev. eKuiixi^h-qce yap rds re KXrjpUTas Kal x^'-POTOvrjTas dpxas /cat KX4o)va, TrapovTuv tc3v ^evojv. (The last words refer to the play having heen brought out, not at the Lenaea, but at the City Dionysia.) To the poet's satire on the elections we may refer Ach. 598, ix^LpoTovquav yap fie — A. KOKKvyis ye rpets, and 642, Kal roiis Srj/Movs ev racs iroXecnv deltas ws briiJ.oKpaTovvTai, Mr Grote contends that the conduct of Athens towards its allies was generally reasonable, and no attempt was made to force on them a democratic constitution. The natural love of aiiTovopiia and the agitation of the oligarchical factions against the Athenian rule were probably the main causes of dis- .satisf action. See Thuc, i. 77, which is a defence against the charge of oppression. 3 V. 380, 502. PREFACE. XV the triumphant tone of the poet in alluding to this event, it is clear that Cleon had failed in getting a verdict against him. No less a principle, in truth, was involved than what we should now describe as the censorship versus the freedom of the press. CJleon therefore was as determined to put down Aristophanes, as Aristophanes was to maintain the right of publicly assailing the faults or follies of the government. The persistent attack on Cleon both in the Acharnians and in the Knights was met by an action for ^evia or alien birth, one of the com- monest forms of avKocpavTta brought against obnox- ious citizens with a view to their being declared ctTLfiot^. The poet evidently thought the attempt to silence him was unjust. For he alludes to his own motives as just with repeated emphasis ; and if he was conscious that his conduct was fair and upright, he could have regarded Cleon's enmit}^ in no other light than that in which Plato regarded the death of Socrates. Not ouly is the peace-loving country- man, who tliioughout represents the jioct's own views, called AttfatoTroXt?, but he promises w^ Kcofiro- Bi'jaet, TO. hiKaia, i. e. that he will persist in the same ^ The obscure allusion in v. 653, tt)v iKtyivav iiranovaiv — IVa rovTovTov TToirji riv dt/iiXwvrai, may l)t; to Home tJircatcnod action for ^ivia on the failure of tlio first ])rosecuti(>n. AriHto])haneH was Haid by some to have been a HLodian, by others an Aegiuetan (Vit. Arist. ap. lUinko, p. ix.), but by otbcrs y^vos 'AOrjvaloi. And that ho was a true-born Athenian lianke thinks is evident from his general patriotism, ib. p. xii. A. iHiillcr (I'raef. p. xiv.) int(!rj)retB the above passage of the pott having been a K\j}povxoi iu Acgina. XVI PREFACE. course in spite of all that Cleon can do to prevent him^ nay, even if all the world is against him"''; and he adds, that " even Comedy knows what justice is\" Part of this self-devotion to the cause of justice is the frequent reproach he throws on the Athenians for not seeing that they were themselves to blame for the war fully as much as the Spartan party*. He blames their vanity and their foolish compliance with any demand accompanied by compliments to their city^ It would seem that he had warned his countrymen in the Babylonians against listening to the specious appeals of the ambassadors from the Leon tines, the chief of whom was Gorgias^ On the whole then Aristophanes stands before us as one who has dared to say an unpopular truth, who has attacked a popular minister, who has been made a martyr to his own patriotism, and now asks the support of the right-minded (Se^toi) of his countrymen against the oppression of the powerful and overbearing''. ■* V. 655, 65i. - airaai rdvavTia, 493. ^ V. 500. See also 561 — 2, and 645, 6'crrts TrapeKLvovvevcr' eliruv if 'Adajvaiois to. SiKaia. 4 See also Pac. 604 seqq. , where the account given by Hermes of the causes of the war reflects more on Athens than on Sparta. 5 V. 371 — 4,636 — 40. Hence the Athenians are called Kex'?""''^'' irAis in Equit. 1262. Perhaps Thucydides means the same when he makes the Spartan Ai'chidamus say (i. 84) tQu re c^v ewaivi^ i^oTpvvbvTijiv Tifxas eirl to, Seiva, irapa. to Sokovv TJfuv ovk iirai- pofj-eda ■^5op-§. 6 Thuc. III. 86, Plat. Hipp. Maj. p. 282. To this probably Ach. 636 alludes, irpoT^pov S' iip.S.% a-n-b twv TroXeuv ol ircetr/Seis i^aTrarui'Tes irpC.TOV jxiv iuaTe '^ Ad/iax aoiKfh ifxnoSwv KaOr]H(voi, ' Pac. 1290, ThcKin. 841, Kan. 1039, Ac. " 6 Ad/iaxoi — iiriOiafibL% rdtpfiov Ttva nal novojOtlt f^ir 6\ly(tn> rCjv {w5ta/3afT(«;f d.iroOvi)(rKti auroj re Kal irlvTi ij ?| twv iut atrov. This bappenrd n.c. 414. ^ Compare Sioirjyowi' Td.pov, Ach. xit aup. XXIV PREFACE. blance to that of the Peace, wliich was brought out four y«ars later, B.C. 421. In both plays a country- man complains and laments that he has been a grievous sufferer by the war ; in both Pericles and Cleon are blamed as the authors, one as originating, the other as promoting it; in both a special truce is made for the private benefit of the farmer, and both conclude with an amusing contrast between the blessings of peace, and the horrors and losses of war. The Knights, — it has been remarked by Mr Grote, — makes no such complaint about the war, though it equally, if not more bitterly, assails Cleon. The victory of the Athenians at Pylos under Cleon and Demosthenes had so raised the hopes of Athens, and so depressed those of Sparta, that for the time no thought seems to have been entertained at Athens, but that the enemy must now succumb, and leave the victory in the hands of the Athenians. Hence they refused all overtures of peace from Sparta, for which the poet blames them in Pax 665. "The utter disgust for the war which marks the ' Acharnians,' a comedy exhibited about six months before the victory of Kleon, had given way before the more confident and resolute temper shown in the play of the ' Knights 'V The blame of the war in both plays is thrown upon Pericles as the author of the ' Megaric Decree,' which was proposed by or through him'', and passed 1 Mr Cox, Hist. ii. p. ■222. '■^ fTidei v6/j.ovs — il's xpl '^leyapeas k.t.X., Ach. 532. It was PREFACE. XXV shortly before the outbreak of actual hostilities. The unjust and oppressive treatment of this small Doric state, according to the poet's view, did more than anything to keep up the irritation between the probably carried in the summer of 432 b. c. It is to be ■vrished that -we knew more clearly the feelings of Aristophanes towards the great statesman. He died however early in the war (b.c. 429), and so we lose sight of one who was the real adviser of it without finding any great censure cast upon his memory by the poet, who seems to have regarded him as an influential statesman only, but Cleon, his rival and successor, as a formidable dema- gogue. Mr Grote remarks (v. p. 441), "not only Pericles did not bring on the war, but he could not have averted it without such concessions as Athenian prejudice as well as Athenian patriotism peremptorily forbade." According to Thucydides, i. 79, it was Sparta that deliberately chose the war : so that nothing remained for Pericles but to direct it. Mr Grote adds that the comic writers hated Pericles, but were fond of acknowledging his powers of oratory and his long-unquestioned supremacy (p. 435). In Equit. 283 he seems mentioned with a qualified kind of praise. Of course, if Cleon was the enemy and rival of Pericles (Grote, p. 396), the poet was likely to side with Pericles, except only so far as he thought him instrumental in promoting the war. The main object which Pericles had before him in advising the war, or rather in meeting it as a necessity, was the honour of Athens. It seemed to him impossible to consent to the final demand of the Lacedaemonians (Thuc. i. 139), " to leave the Hellenes independent." This, as Mr Grote remarks (v. p. 370), " went to notliing less than the entire extinction of the Atlieuian empire." Cleon, while an opponent of Pericles, and yet an advocate of war, appears to have joined the eido of those who objected to the dilatory policy of Pericles; while Aristophanes was one of a third — doubtless a large and influential — i>arty who objected to the war-policy altogether. Cleon, with all his faults as a demagogue, was, as he soon proved himself, a man of action ; and as such lie was certain to opjioHo what seemed to liiin tlio pusillanimous counsel to let the enemy ravage Attica while tho people remained cooped within tho walls of the city. Pericles, on XXVI PREFACE. Ionic and the Doric races. For by successive raids into Megaris, repeated every year till the capture of Nisaea\ as well as, not to say mainly, by the latter event, the Megarians had been reduced to such poverty from the interruption of all trade with Athens, that they had induced the Lacedaemonians to appeal to Athens in their behalf; but such was the exasperation of the Athenians against the Me- garians that they refused any concession, alleging as reasons some causes which seem to have little real weight'^ Albert Miiller, in his brief but learned Preface ^ expresses his regret that no ancient writer has explained the exact relations between the Athe- the other hand, appears to have felt that the Spartan hoplite was really the better soldier in the open field, and to have anticipated a crushing defeat in a land engagement with so numerous and well-disciplined a force. See Mr Cox, Hist. ii. p. 121. Pericles was "only the first citizen in a democracy, esteemed, trusted, and listened to, more than anyone else, by the body of citizens, but warmly opposed in most of his measures, under the free speech and latitude of individual action which reigned at Athens, even bitterly hated by many active political opponents " (Cirote, p. 360). One of these was Thueydides the son of Me- lesias, alluded to in Ach. 703, respecting whom Mr Grote observes " we do not know the incident to which this remarkable passage alludes, nor can we confirm the statement which the Scholiast cites from Idomeneus to the eiJect that Thueydides was banished and fled to Artaxerses." ^ Thuc. II. 31. Megara had been active in kindling the war, expecting Athens must soon yield ; but the Athenians under Pericles marched into Megaris, and devastated the territory : and this went on for some time. See Grote, Vol. v. p. 400. ^ Thuc. I. 139. The charges were, a trespassing on sacred land, and the harbouring of renegade slaves. ^ p. xvi. PREFACE. XXvil nians and the Megarians, from their first alliance with Athens in the third Messenian war (B.C. 461), up to the passing of the Megaric Decree. He thinks it probable that the Athenians never forgave the defection of the Megarians to the Lacedaemonian side after the defeat of Athens at the battle of Coronea, B.C. 445 \ It may therefore be taken as one proof of the boldness of the poet in taking an unpopular side, that he should so touchingly re- present the misery of the Megarians, and so plainly charjje the Athenians with being the cause of it'^ He comes forward under the name of Dicaeopolis to protect them against the odious r('gariH, Ach. 873— So. The poet wishes to show the folly of tlio Atliouians in needlessly depriving themselves of these ample HUj)pliefl. XXVm PREFACE. of their trade as resulting from the invasion of the Thebans into Plataea in the year 431 \ The same year therefore saw the beginning of the war and the exclusion of these two peoples from Athens ; and we can hardly wonder that the poet combined the events as cause and effect. Add, that it was in this year that the Athenians were persuaded to retire within their own walls by the well-meant, but ques- tionable advice of Pericles; so that trade-supplies were still further curtailed by the interruption of all farming operations. That the Megarians had been shut out of the market even before the Me- garic Decree, is the opinion of A. Muller^ The account given by the poet (515 seqq.) of the reasons which induced Pericles to pass the decree are, in the opinion of A. Miiller, mere idle gossip. "Sine dubio fictae sunt, et fortasse Acharnensium tempore ab irrisoribus petulantibus Athenis circum- ferebantur^" Mr Grote expresses the same opinion about the anecdote given in the Peace*, where the supposed collusion of Pericles with Phidias in with- holding or misappropriating some sacred gold is 1 Tbuc. II. 2. - Praef. p. xvi., citing Tliuc. I. 67, aXXot re irapidvTes iyKX-^fiara iTTOiovvTo ws eKaaroL Kai ^leyaprji, orjXovvres fJ-h koL 'irepa ovk o\tya Sid(popa, /xaXtiTTa 5^ XLnivuv re eipyecrdai tCiv iv ry 'Adrjvaiwv dpxv '^'^^ ^^5 'ArrtK^s ayopas irapa ras crTrovdds. It may be con- jectui'ed from Ach. 517 — 22, that this was in consequence of some disiDute about market-tolls, -whicli had given the Athenian in- formers a handle against the Megariau traders. ^ Praef. id. xviii. ■* V. 605. PREFACE. XXIX alleged as the cause of the war\ What the real motive was for that untoward measure is not dis- tinctly stated. The reasons alleged by Thucydides^ are not grounds for passing the decree, but grounds for refusing to rescind it. It seems probable that the motive was one of combined hatred for their revolt, and of vengeance for the murder of the herald Anthemocritus, who had been sent by the advice of Pericles to expostulate with the Megarians on one of the two points mentioned by Thucydides, the occupation of some sacred land belonging to the Eleusinian goddesses ^ The allusion to Aspasia and her influence over Pericles^ is remarkable, and is probably another of 1 "The stories about Pheidias, Aspasia, and the Megarians, even if we should grant that there is some truth at the bottom of them, must, according to Thucydides, be looked upon at worst as concomitants and pretexts rather than as real causes of the war; though modern authors in speaking of Pericles are but too apt to use expressions which tacitly assimie these stories to be well-founded." (Grote, Hist. v. p. 442.) See also Mr Cox, Hist. Gr. Vol. 11. p. 99. The Peloponnesian war was really duo to the hostility of Corinth. (Grote, v. p. 341.) » I. 139. ' The authorities for this story, which is evidently authentic, are given in full by A. Miiller in p. xvii. of his Preface. * Ach. 527. Mr Grote (v. p. 362) takes dcrirafflai as the accusative plural, but with a double entendre. This seems hardly likely, and ouo irdpvai ddiraalai is hardly good grammar. Hut Dr Holden appears to follow him, as ho omits the name of 'Acriroffia in his OnojnaKticon. To this lady perhaps Euripides alludes in the Medea, 842, where Cypris is said t^ ffoia.% ivtKiv, 8C. Tttij 71/i'aitiV. The Medea was brought out B. c. 43 r, the year after the passing of the Megaric Decree. XXX PREFACE. the 'idle stories.' The poet expressly says^ that the decree was passed Bid ra? XacKaarplaq, and we are left to conclude from the context that it was by Aspasia's persuasion and influence that the measure was adopted. Ranke^ regards the Acliarnians as "oratio quae- dam popularis in theatro habita," to show the folly of the war advocated and promoted by Cleon. Ari- stophanes, as the personal enemy of Cleon, and as disliking the war in common with a large part of the Athenian populace^ was sure to take up the theme with energy, and to treat it with genius and biting sarcasm. His satire on the embassies* to the Persian court and to Thrace must have been most telling. The division of the Chorus into two conflicting parties [rnjui'xppM), the one convinced of the blessings of paace, the other at first full of Vengeance against the Spartans, is a device of the poet's similarly employed in the Wasps, where Philocleon and his son discuss at length the merits and demerits of the office of Dicast. The subject is thus as it were ventilated, and arguments in themselves utipopular with one party are made to seem natural, and so to obtain a hearing, Avhen expressed by an adversary. In the ^ '^' 537- " Vit. Arist. p. xvii. ^ Grote, v. p. 370. ■* Ach. 61, 134. The embassy to Persia is mentioned in Thuc. 11. 7, that to the Odomauti ih. 10 1. Cf. Ach. 602, roiis /xtv etrl Qp^KTii iJ.Lcr0o(f>opodvTas rptls opaxfj-ds. The context in the last ))a8sage implies that embassies were rather freciuent at this j uncture. PKEFACE. XXXI present play, those for peace and justice of course prevail, and thus the sturdy old charcoal-burners, who began by pelting the peace-making farmer, eventually^ compliment him as (hpovL/io^; and virep- croc})oi\ui> for rwu \6uv. Tlie coi:- jccturc, which in Thiersch's, ia plausible. Meiiicko omits the verse. XXXll PREFACE. of a most critical^ period of Attic history. The state- ments of Thucydides nearly always agree with those of the poet; and if we make some allowances for the ill-feeling which both of them entertained for per- sonal reasons against Cleon, we must conclude that we have in the main a right account of the com- bined causes of one of the longest, cruellest, and most unreasonable wars that were ever recorded. 1 " If the true greatness of Athens began with Themistokles, with Perikles it closed. Henceforth her course was downward," (Cox, Hist. II. p. 13?.) APIZTO^AXOYS AXAPNHX TA TOY APAMAT02 riPO^QnA. AIKAIOnOAIS. KHPTS. AM4>ieE02:. IIPE2CBEI2i Adrjvalwv napa ^aaiXfcos iJKOVTfs. 'I'ETAAPTABAZ. eEfiPOi'. XOPOS AXAPXEfiN. rXXH AiKaioiToXidos. GTFATUP A(«ato7!-oXi5or. KHx. ETPIIIIAHl'. AAMAXO:^. JIEI'APE'rr. KOPA dvyartpf tov Mfyap/w?. ZTK0*ANTII1\ BOHiT02:. XIKAPXOr. eEPAIIiiX Aapdxov. TEftPrOS. IIAPAXTM'I'Oi. AITEAOI. TnooESEi^:. I. 'Er]criv eV tw (f)uv(po}, KnvT(s iv ^(opov crxripari- kui pLfTu ravra 6v- (ivra Tov AcAccito'n'oXd' opuvres, cJf tcnvfKTixfvov tois 7roXf/xtcoT«- Totf KaTuXfvcreiv oppwcriv. 6 8e xjiTO(T\6p.(vos xrnep (Tri^tjvov rijv Kf(f)(i\rfi/ f)^o)u a-oKoyqaarrdai, tcfi' ov paKcifiavi iritpio^fl TOV (Ktlvitv \uyiiv. ovk af^^apiToa KadanTopfvos Il(pi- xXfovs ntpi TOV yUyapiKov ^ri(piapuroi- Ttapo^vvOivTUiv d( tc- vtiiv (^ aiiToiu (n\ ra ^oKfiv avvrjyopdv tu'is TToXf/itotf, tira tTri(f)rpop(va>v, fvicTTupivutv Oe tTtpuiv ws tu diKaia avTov fipr/- KoToi, rVif^acdr Afi/ioj^of Qopviiflv nttpciTni. eiTu ytvoptvov dlf\KV(TpOV KUTtVf)^flfli O \Op'oi fJTToXl'ft TOV ^KaiOVoXlV Kill npi'if Tiiiit ^iKaaTUi duiXtyfuu nfp'i Tqs tov iroirjTov dpeTqi kui itXXujv Tivuv. TOV df SiKiiioTrdXidot uyovTos kuO invTov (tp>i- vqv To piv iTpCtTov MfynpiKoi tu iraidia (uvtov hi(crK(vaip npucripa nitpayivtTtn' prrti tovtov *'k Bot(t)T(I>v (Ttpot iy^fXfii T( Ku'i iTUVTol'iinToiv opvi0a)V ydvov iivuTidtptvot tit Ti/v dyiipdv. on ilTKptlVtVTUlV TIVOW aVKO(JHlV- Tuiv iTvXXajitipt t'ot Tivd i^ avTwv o SiKuu'moXit kui (3uXXwv (it (ri'tKKOV, Toi/Tov TU) Dota>rfa) dvTtfJtoprov t'^nyeiv tK tuv 'Adr]viiv nitpii^ldoirri, KUI TTpofTayovTwv fitTtTj TrXtidvijiV Km diopt'vwv pt- jahohvai rdv anovi)6iv, KuOimtprjfjmvt'i. napoiKoi/VTOi 6f uvTot ,\afjiu)(nv, Ktu iv((TTqKvi(it r/yt twi' Xooji/ topTijt, tovthv piv 1-2 4 API^T0AN0T2: AXAPNHS. fiyyeXo? napa tu>v crTpaTrj-ycHv rJKOiV KeXevei e^eXdovTa jiera rwv on'Kuiv Tcts ei(T/3oXay Trjpelv' rov Se ^iKaioivoKiv napa tov Aio- vvcrov rov lepeas ris KoKap eVl Semvov epxerai. Koi fxer okiyov 6 pev rpavparias Kal KaKois d-n-aXXaTTcov inav^Kfi, 6 Se Ai- KatoTToXiff ^edeiTTVTjKcos Koi peS" (Taipas civaXvav. to 8e 8papa Tbjv ev (T(:[)6dpa Trenoirjpevcov, kqi (k rravrbs rponov rrjv fipr]vr]v TTpoKoKovpfvov. eSiddx^T] eVt Evdv8i]pov dlpxovTos iv Ar]vaiois ^la KaWiaTpdrov' koi TrpSros rjv dfvrepos Kparlvos Xeifia- ^opevois. oil o-co^oi/rai. rpiTos EvnoXis 'Sovprjviais. II. APIST0v8e Travruiv airiov, aT70v8iis \vaiv re rcov efjjearaiTcov KaKwv.j APIZTOOANOYi: AXAPNH2. AIK. "Otra 8)) SiBvyfiai ri)v ifiavrou Kaphiav, 'r,a6rjv he ^aia, ttuvv Se /3atd, rerrapa' a 8' 0)8uvi]6riv, ■y^afijMOKoaLO'ydp'yapa. , Saas a<{>ayb.i oi] tpapfj-dKuv Ti Oavaai^wv yvvalKi% (Tipov avopdijiv dia 'rejoicement.' A (piaint or 'gramlioi-e' word, perhaps introduced to ridicule APISTOc^ANOTS: e'^/(Zo e'^' M ye to Keap ev^pavOrjv Ihwv, Totf irevTe ToXavTOi^ ol? KXeoiu i^7]/xeaev. ravB' ftj? eyavooOriv, Kal cpoXu) Tovi tTrvrea? Sta TOVTO Tovp Scliol. We must bo content to Bupposo he was some bad mu- sician. The Schol. says 6 M6ffxo» KaOap(f)5it ' AKpayavrt- vol. It Bccms fur better to render e'lri thus than to theorize (which was Bentley's view) on the prize of a calf being still re- tained for the successful com- poser of dithyrambs, though this is also mentioned by the Schol. (por]\d.Tr]S didupapL^Sos, Find. 01. xiir. 19). For the dative cf. Theoer. vi. 20, ru d' iiri Aa/xoiras dve^dWero KoXoy deioeiv. There is perhaps a joke between yu6(rxos and /3oCs in ^oiuTiov, ' to sing Cow after Calf.' Theoer. viii. 80, t^ ^ot 5' d pidcrxos {kSct/jlo^ €(TtI). So inf. 1022- 3, /Soi/j — aivb ^uX^s i\a^ov oi BotojTiot. 14, BoicJrior, sc. ubp-ov, which is also to be supplied with tov 6pOiov inf. This would be some popular song in the key or mode called AwpicTTl. The Schol. at- tributes the invention of it to Terpandcr. 15. TrJT€^. ' This very year,' opposed to the indefinite ttot^. The event was therefore recent, the Lenaea (inf. 504) taking place in January. — 5u(TTpd(pT)u, 'my head was turned the wrong way,' 'I got a crick in the neck from seeing it,' viz. from the sigl it of 11 performc^r who stood witliin tlie (lof)rway instead of coming' forward on tho stage. For naprjXOt ho Ufles in joko irap^- Ki>\f/(, a word often applied (as in Thesm. 797, Vcsp. 178, Pac. 985) to the peering forth, or puUiug the head out, from a 8 APISTO^ANOTS ore Sr) irapeKv^e Xalpi'i eVl rov opOiov. aXk ovoeTTWTTOT €^ oTov ^la or various reading of the preceding verse. See on 96. 34. TTpiw, i.e. TTpiaao (aorist imper.). The dearness of char- coal is alluded to. Hence iyoi di^dpaKas Trapi^U} ini. 891. The demus or ward to which Di- caeopolis professes to belong, XoXXt) or Xo\\e75ai (inf. 406) was, perhaps, like Acharnae, well supplied with charcoal, and had no need to buy it in the market. 'It never saw want,' he adds, with a rather poor pun, 'but it produced everything of itself, and that saw was far away.' For to irploj, 'the word buy,' he substi- tutes 6 TTpioiv, expressive of lace- ration to the feelings. Miiller thinks TOV ep-ov 8rjp,nv must mean Acharnae, since that was spe- cially famed for its charcoal. The Schol. too says -qv yap 6 AiKaioiroXis' Axapvevs. -flSet gives a better sense, and has mo-re MS. authority than ridriv, the reading of Elmsley and Din- dorf. Tjdrj is the more correct form of the first person ; and this is Meineke's reading. 37. drex^wy, 'having quite made up my mind,' 'having fully resolved.' 40. dXXa yap, i.e. dXXd vav- ariov o'ide yap k.t.X. 'Here come the Prytanes (the Proedri from the BouXtj) at noon.' An hyperbole for 'late,' the meet- ing being ew^tcTj, 20. 42. wffTi^eTai, sup. 24. The scene is acted in the orchestra, into which the magistrates enter aTropd8riv, the dvp.eXr] for the time representing the bema. AXAPNHS. 11 KHP.Traptr' et? to rrpoudev, TTopLd , w? av evro<; j/re tov KaOdpfiaroi;. AM^. 7)'3?j Ti<; elire; KHP. t/? dyopeveiv jSovXerai,; 45 AM<^.e7&i. KHP. r/? wV; AM. 'Ayu^i^eo?. KHP. oi'/c avdpwno^ ; AM^. oi-', ct/VV a9uvaT0os. But it was the df scent that made him immortal. The metre of this verse is very awkward, and it is not clear whether the initial a in dddvaros is long or short, and so also in 51, and Av. 1224. In 53 it must be long, unless we read with Brunck dW wv dOdvaTos. Here Elmsley proposed a'W dOdvards y , so that the verse may begin with a dactyl. Mei- neke considers ^Afiipideoi cor- rupt. We might read, dXV tl/jt.' dOivaTos, 'XnAN0TS i^ ?79 Au/cifo? iyever' e'/c rovrov 8' 670) 5^ ddavaTQ. c3 TptTTToXe/ze kuI KeXee, irepio-^ecrOe /u,e ; 5 5 AIK. couSp665ia, 'journey-money,' allow- ance for going to Sparta to make peace. The satire, of course, is directed at the iu- difference of the authorities in making peace. Inf. 130, Dicae- opolis gives Amphitheus eight drachmas (five shillings) out of his own means. The satire was felt by the authorities, for the bowmen (police on guard in the assembly) are summoned by the crier to drag away the speaker. Miiller remarks "ta- cere jubetur Amphitheus, quia de pace loquitur." This is somewhat confirmed by what follows. Dicaeopolis mounts the bema, and protests against a citizen being removed because he wished to speak about a truce. o(TTis 7J0e\e, cum voluerit. Nub. 578, Sai/jovuv iipuv p-bvaiz ov Over ovdi (nrivdere, aiTives T-qpovfxev v/j.ds, — where cos exprj" must be supphed. Cf. inf. 645. 55. wepid'^eade, sc. oiiTws dwa- ybp-ivov, or i\K6p.evov. Thesm. 697, Tov p.6vov T^Kvov p-e irepi.- 6^€crd' dTrouraveu(7r)T6, 'unless you allow me to speak about peace.' The more common term is XPV' p.a.Tl'(;eiv, ' to give leave to bring AXAPXHS. 13 KHP.ot 7rpe'cr/3e(ov<; dp-^ovro€vriT€. The aorist ex- presses the complete and final concession. 61. The herald here ushers in certain (pretended) ambas- sadors from the rersiau Court. The scene following is bril- liantly witty ; the exposure of political incompetence, of fraud, delay, and reckkss expense in irpdTfifiai, as well as of intrigues with the hated Persian court, is comi)lete, though greatly overdrawn by the natural li- CfJice of comedy. 62. iroiou. So inf. log, ' Kitifj indeed ! For my part {iyw, emphatic) I'm sick of envoys, as well as of your i)oacock8 and your specious jiretcnces.' — raws, rdpo)?, jiiivo. SftiiK! editors give rauifft, others raifitn, whiclj latter Heemfl the correct form, though not sanctioned by MSS. 64. ToC ax-otuLTOi. 'What a dress I' A genitive- of oxclania- tion not uncomnion in Ari-^to- phniies, e.g. Av. r>i, ',\-no\\ov dwoTftJjiratt, rod xofffirjuaTot. Kquit. r44, w ll6an8oi> riji t4x' vrit. Inf. Hj, Ttiiv uSaii'oixvuaTui'. '''• .'>7.^' '^ Adiittx' ^/'Wt, Tuv X6- tfnitv nal Twv X^xwi*. Veup. I ^1 1 fee, 6^>. lpovTai, 'getting.' So Oed. Col. 5, Tov fffiiKpov 5' fri fjiuov (pfpofTa. Two drachmas, or eighteen pence, per day, for an ambassador, was a small enough pay ; but for eleven years (Euthymenes was Archou J'- c. 437) the simi total was considerable. !\iuller well com- pares l)em. de Fals. Leg. p. 3QO, rpeh fiijvas oXoi/s diroorifx.ri- aavTfs Kal x'^^os Xa^irrts 5pa- XI^-o-S i(p6oiov nap' v/jlmv, where the whole sum is mentioned which was assigned for ten irpia^fLs, a little over a tUachma each 2)er diem. 68. Kal SiJTa, 'and I can tell you.' Cf. 141, Vesj). i ^, Kal SrJT ovap OavixaaTov tloov dprlios. The MSS. give oid twv KuiJ- ffTpluv TTfoiwi', but tlie Kav. .MS. has irapd for did. This shows that the ])roposition Ih an in- sertion. 'Wo i>iiioil for those fair plains by the Cayster,' like erfornied. 'I'Ik- aKTjval rpox'^^aroi of Aesch. I'lrs. 1001 seem to be meant, — 14 API5:T0AN0T2 TreSlcov 6Boc7r\avovvT6<; ecrKTjvrjjxii'Ot, i(fi' dpfiafia^wu /iiaX6aK(Jo<; KaTaKeifxevot, yo airoXXv/xevoc. AIK. acf^oSpa 'yap iaco^ofirjv iyo) irapa njv erraX^tv iv (^opvTU> KaTaKelfJbevov, Kci-^e^ev OKTct) fifjva'i eVl '^(pvaciv cpwv. AIK. iroaov Se 7ov TrpcoKrov •y^povov ^vvriyay€vy\ nP. rfj 7rava€\i]va)' kut a.Trrfk.dev o'tKahe. elr e^eVt^e, irapeTtOeL d' r][xlv Z\ovepQ)i^ 90 IIP. Kal vvv ayovTe(), irolov xpbvov Si Kal ncTr 6 pOrjrai iroXij; — TTpuKTOv, irap iiirdfoiav for rbv arparov (Sdiol.). 84. T§ iravai\7)ifif). A joke on the selection of a well- omened day for making an ex- pedition. Elnisky gives tliise words interrogatively to Di- cacopnlis.-->f^ra, as cTra next following, marks the stages of delay and the Huccession of do- mestic events before any j)oliti- cal business could be transacted. Hs. 6\oviiK Kpiiidvov. 'lioast- imI whole in (taken out of) tlio oven.' This would s( em, from Herod. I. 133, to have rtoUy been a Persian custom ; on birthdays, says the historian, oi tvSal/jLovcs avTwv ^ovv Kal lttttov Kai Ka.iur]\ov Kai dvov irporid^arai, 6\ovs dirrovs (v Ka/xivoiffi. Ean. 506, /SoPc 6.iv7)v6pd.Ki'^' oXoJ'. 86. Kzl ris. ' \Vhy, surely no one ever yet saw oxen baked in an oven I ' i.e. though aprbs Kpi^auhm is common enough. Cf. inf. 1 123. 88. 6pi'iv. There seems an allusion to a 'peacock-feast.' — Tpnr\d(Tiov, 'thrice as big as,' triph) iiutii/nm ; on which no- tion of comparison the genitive depends. Equit. 718, avros 6' iKiivov rpnr\6.i(. (JO. Tai'T dpa. ' So this is the way in which you huni- bu(.'u'v, dvOpcoire, vavcppaKTOv /SA.e7rei?, '^ irepl dicpav KafMirrcov vedxjoiKov a)<;. DP. rl Sal Xiyei; b Ti; ,'^avuo7rpcoKTov<; Toi)? 'Itoi/a? Xe'yei, Io6 et TrpoahoKuxTL '^pvaiov e« twu ^ap^dpcov. ovK, aXX' d^^avwi '68e ye y^pvalov Xiyec. TTOLU'i a-^dva some old sbips to send aid to tbe Atbeuiaus, or that be advises tbem to do tbe same to tbeir own navy. Tbe reading ivairiaaovai, bowever, bas no BiSS. autliority; most copies have ^^opi'd;'(ijri(T<7ot'o,liav. i^ap' loi. o \if(i, viz. tbat a fleet is coming to aid you. But <(>r]r a barbaric jnonuii- ciutiou of oO. It may mean ' a P. second time,' as you have done before. Commonly, iaovav, which Meineke thinks should be retained. Tbe form 'Ici6»'Wi' (gen.) occurs in AescU. Pers. 101 1. io(». x'^^'''>''''p^KTov% really means x'^i^'o^'oXiTaj (inf. 635), vain and pul'fed n\> with couceit. 108. (ix meant to be the true interpretation of xaCj'os iu the compound, refers to a Per- sian measure of 45 medimni, Hosycb. dxdvai' Tifii /xii> Hep- OiKo. fi^Tpa, AN0TS iva fxrj ere /Sa-v/r&j /Bdfx/xa ^apScaviKov' ^^/i /3acrtA.ei)9 o /xe^ya? 7;/xty dTroTrefjL-yjret ')(^pv(x[ov ; — rtX,X&)9 a'jo' e^airarciiixeff' viro toov rrpea^ewv ; — KX\r]viKov 7 errevevaav avSpe<; ovrott, 1 1 5 «:oi;« ecrf ottw? oi;/c eicrtv evoevo avTooev. Kol rolv jxev evvovyoLV tov erepov tovtovX iyMS" 09 ecTTi, }L\eia6ivriC epydaofMat re Seivov epyov kol ixeya. aX}C ^AfM(}>Lde6<; fiot ttov ^cttlv, A]M'vii. Ivpial- ly rare terms for a wife are rnXu (Sopli. Ant. C>2()) and the Homeric 6ap, said to be con- nected with ((p(iv. 20 APISTO^ANOTS vfiel^ Se irpea-^eieade koX Ke')(TrjveT€. KHP.TTpocrtTft) %iwpol\of T d\r)drjt rjv 0tXQit. Dr Uolden also follows i)obree. 144. Ka\o[. On fSrcfk vascfl we not uufrequently find a figure with a name and /coXtj or KaXbs added iu compliment. Lovers used thus to express their sentiments on walls or doors ; cf. Yesp. 97. 145. iTreTToirifxeda, in the medial sense, 'whom we had adopted as an Athenian citizen.' See Thuc. 11. 29. His name was Teres, according to some. (Schol.) 146. (payelv dWavrai, 'to eat black-puddings,' i.e. to be pre- sent at the feast of the Apaturia, when the infant sons of citizens were enrolled in the (pparpiai. "Apaturia hoc loco commemt)- rautur, quum Sadocus quasi Atheuiensis modo natus sit ; jocus ineopotissimumquaereu- dus est, quod Sadocus more puerorum maximo gaudet in- siciis, de quibus ci uarratiun est." Miiller. 1 47. TTJ Trdrpgi. His adopted country Athens. — -qfTifioXd Cobet, whom Meineke, ^liiller and llolilen follow. See on Aesch. Agam. 11 16. Eum. 604. 14S. 6 oi, the fatlK^r, Sital- ces. Ho would bring, he said, so lar^e a force into Attica that the Athenians should coni|)ar(i them to locusts. The answer of ])icaeo])olis sliows that ho regarded Thracian auxiliaries in tb(! light of an invaling puttt iu Bu poor aland ua Atticu. 90 API2TO tlie assembly. Eccl. 307, rJKfv Ixaa- Tos if doKioiij) 5i nai avvoSov TTiv vvf KaXXiara aal Apiffra ■jroiPicai. 171. oioaripla. In a country where a casual sliowcr of rain or a thunderstorjn was less common tlian witli us, it was regiir vif), t6t' rj ftpovTuifuv 17 \paKd^oiJLfv. As any citi/.cn could assert that he had felt a droj) of rain, wo 24 APISTO^ANOTS KHP.Toi'9 %paica. fi^TTCo, irplv av ye cttw rpe^wv' Bel yap fxe ^evyovr eK(pvyelv ^A^apvea'^. AIK. Tt h^ ecTTiv; AM. iyai fiev Bevpo aoL eiryov' ol 8' iSlwKOV Kd/3('.o)v. 1 85 AIK. 01 8' ovv ^owvTwV dWd ra? cnrovhd^ (jiipei^ ; AM(I>. e7&)7e ^rjixi, rpla ye ravrl yev/jiara. avrac fMev elcrt Trevrerei^. yevaat Xa^cov. AIK. al^ol. AM<1>. TL eaTiv; AIK. ovK dpeaKovaiv im , on o^ovcn tti'ttt;? Kal TrapacrKevfj'i vewv. 190 AM.o-i) S' dWd TaaSl ra? Se«eT6t9 yevaac Xa/Boov. 'Fiphters at Marathon,' in the literal sense, they could hartlly have been, unless from 85 to 90 years of ajre. Cf. 696. 183. tCjv ani-iri\wv. This pas- sage shows, under some irony, the resentment felt for the Iff^oKal so often inflicted on Attica by tlie Spartans. See par- ticularly Pac. 628 — 31. Thuc. II. 11. Here again there is a play on airovbal, — 'how can you bring wive, when the vines have been cut df)wn ?' 184. rw;' X( 5' a'XXd. 'J)o yoa then.' Inf. 10^3. I'lat. Sophist. ]). 235 l>, (TV b aXX' (ini vpunov Kol 6teXe ifp.'iv rive rw bCo \iytn. 26 APISTO^ANOTS AIK. o^ovcrc j^^avTUL nrpea^eoiv e? ra'i 7r6Xei<; o^uTarov, wanep SLarpi^rj^ toov ^v/x/jLa-x^cov. AM.(p.dXX avrau airovhal TpiaK0VTOVTihe'jv re koX OdXaTTav. AIK. (w Atovvcrta, 195 avrau fiev o^ovar' d/ji/3pocria<; Kal veKTapo<;, Kat, [XT] TTKTrjpelv aiTu rifxepoov TpLwv, Kav TO) (TTOjxaTi Xe^ovaL, ^alv ottt] deXei';. Tavra'i Be')^o/Jiai, Kal aTrivSofiat KaKiriofiat, ')(aipeLv KeXevwv TroXXd tov<; ' A)(^apvia<;' 200 iyco Be iroXefiov Kal KaKcov d7raXXayelo(iioT} Upop-ti ditpdivvTi IvtaOat, rj rwv bo\ixo- ^piflh^V T(f>, rj TUIV TJfXipoSpdtXbCP biaOiiv T( Kal UniaOai. Vbsp. 28 API^TO^ANOTS a7rovBo(f)6po<; ovTO'i VTr e/xoO rore Si(ok6ij.€vo<; i^€(f)V'yev ovS' uv eXa(ppcodiiX\os, as A. Miiller has remarked. 217. direTrXi^aTO, 'would have ambled away.' A rare word, used of mules in Od. vi. 318, ai 5' ev iikv Tpdixt^", ev 5^ nXia- ffovro Trddeffcrtv. 220. AaKpardbrj. 'Now that poor old Lacratides feels his legs heavy under him.' The word is formed like "Tirepdbr}^. The MSS. give AaKparlbrj, and BO Photius, Lex. AaKpariSas, TO. KaTiipvyfxiva' iwl yap AaKpa- TLOa dpXOfTOS TToXX'q x'-'^^ iyiviTO. Eesychius : AaKparibris' ' Apiuro- (pdvr}'i (prjcl iraXaiov AaKparldiji', rd ypi'xpd (iovXa/mfvoi SrjXouv \j/vXpol yap oi y^povre^. Schol. Ta \pvxpd Trdvra AaKparidov exd- \ovv. The word is a patronymic from Aa/cpdrT/s = AewKparri^. 221. iyxdvy, the reading of the MSS., is much better than tyxafoi, (the correction ol Brunck, adopted by the later editors), since not a wish or hope, but caution lest is ex- pressed. See on Aesch. SuppL 351. Ag. 332. The full syntax would be oKeTTTeov ydp fnj ey- Xavrj. The sense is, ' We must not let him chuckle for having escaped from us Acharnians, though we are. old.' Cf. inf. 1197, Kq.T eyxivurai. Toti i/xdis TUXO-t-O'l. 226. There can be little doubt that the words TroXe^tos fX^oSoTTos ad^eraL are a parody or a quotation from some poet. Homer has ixdoSoirrjaaL, II. l 518, and the adjective occurs Soph. Aj. 932. The sense is, ' a- gainst whom a hostile war ig kejjt up on account of my farms,' i.e. the destruction and devas- tation of them by ia^oXal. 230. ovK dv-qau. 'I will not relax my efforts (or remit my AXAPNH2. 29 **** ofu9, oBvvT]p6r]/xelre. XOP. occurs inf. 107 1. Similarly Kdi> FA^ Kaif KarayiXg., 606. 272. upLKrtv, u>paiav. A. Mlll- ler cites wpiKws, ' in maiden style,' from Plut. 963. The Schol. says the poet had used the word in the AacraXels. — v\ri(p6pov, carrying a burden of brushwood on her head. — Qpq.TTav, here used as a noun for 5ov\riv, and so apparently, Theocr. 11. 70, Er-xaptSa Q,)q.TTa, Tpoe\X^ws. A spur of Mount Parnes, so called from a\)]. 285 AIK. civTi TToia<; alTia<;, w-^apvewv '•fepairaToi,; XOP. rovT €p(OTaxvTpav, ' You'll Hma'ih tlio facrcd crock,' viz. in whiih the Iryos was carried, 246. Ho appcalo to superstition rather than to any sentiment of mercy. A. Miillcr thinks the xi'rpa may have stood on the altar on the stage. But if the stones were thrown at the carrier of it, he would he more likely to })rotect hiuisclf by tlie excuse. Pei'haps the verse should be read inter- rogatively. Schol. Trdvv 5i kivii yiXuira t^s h^v KCffiaXiji avToO U(j}povriffTu;v, rrji 5^ X'^'''/"" npo- voov/j.cfos, iv 7/ TO trfos ijy. 285. ai p.h ovv. 'Nay, 'tis you we intend to Klone, yon good-for-nothing f(,'llow!' llquit. 910, ipLov filv ovv. Nub. 71 (cited sup. •273). 286. yepalrarot, 'nio.st vene- rable.' Formed as if from a positive y^prjs or yeptih. Com- jiare oi/'ia/Tarot, affpLcvalraros. The metre again i)asses into pacous aud erotica. S4 APISTO^ANOTS aXr)v e)((t)v Xeyeiv. truce, that you may judge if I have made it rightly and well.' 307. iroSy bi y hf, 'Well, and liow,' Ac. See on 2()2. Diudorf, Meiueke, and Miiller adopt Elnislffy'.s needless altera- tion irwj 5' fr dv k.t.\. — KaXws I.e. fft icirilaOa.1. — ovre fiuixoi, &c., the three solemn forum of oaths, liy the altar, by verbal pledge, and \>y joined Imnds. — (Hivtl, i.e. o'l OVTi fioifxif iixfxivov- aiv, 'who al>i(le liy no oath.' 309. old' ^yw. '/ knrnv well that even tlio.se LaconiiniH, on wliom we jireHS ho hardly, arc not to bo blamed for all our troublesi;' i.e. that a certain party, the war-pai ly, at AtliciiB, are just as ciilinilde. The poet blames them with equal Bovtri- ty in Tac. 635 soqq. — The Chorus, bigoted against the Spartans, will not listen with patience to the insimiation. 314. iKclvovs, 'the other side,' 'the enemy.' I can ]iruvc, ho Hays, that there are some points, and those not few, in which they are even being wronged by us at this very time.' lie al- luiltH, probably, to tlio Hanio hind of jirovocations that are iiioio fully described inf. 515 Beqq. 316. il (Ti'r. If 7/o», a small farmer, Bhall presume to tail; HO to Uf, thf> ])atriar(lis of the most im])ortant of the donii, Wxo-pviuv ytpalraToi, sii]i. 2S6. 315. ^jr(^Tji'oi', 'clinjiping- block,' AcBch. Ag. ii4«. I'ro- 3—2 36 apisto^anot: XOP. etTre [xoi, n (^eihofxeaOa rwv \i.6o)V, co orjixuraL, /j,7} ou Kara^aiveiv ruv avhpa tovtop e? ^oti/i- Kiha; 320 AIK. olov av /ube\a<; rt<; v/xiv dv/jioXoo-^^ eTre^ecrev. ovK aKovaeaO ovK aKovaead^ ereov, u)')(apv7}LZai ', XOP. OVK dKovcro/xeada SPjra. AIK. oetva Tapa Trelao/xac. XOP. i^oXolfirjv, TjV aKovcrci). AIK. fir]Bafji,M 5^5) 8.^.?) passages which show a fondness for ttju Ktcpa- Xtjc in this part of a verse. 320. Kara^aiveiv, probably a metaphor from beating or bray- ing flax with stones. Eur. Phoen. 1 145, irpip Kare^duOai /3o- Xais. Soph. Aj. 72S, TO fii] ou •aiTpQiffi TTOS KOLTa^avOds Oaveif. — ^s (poLviKiSa, till he is as red all over as gall-dyed cloth, used by soldiers, Pac. 11 73. 321. olou ad. An exclama- tion uttered aside, perhaps. ' How this black charred log (i. e. the old charcoal-bui'ner) has flared up again against us ! ' A. Miiller compares Tliesm. 729, Kayd} tr' dTrooet'lw dvixaXtaira T7]iJ.epov, remarking that there is a play on Ovfxo?. Hesych. explains the word by ^uXov /ca- TaKeKav/xivov, oaXov. 322. inbv, 'Won't you hear me really, now?' A formula of inquiry (inf. 609. Nub. 35), ap- parently used when a truthful answer is wanted. 325. riOv7]^oov, scil. To?s X^ OOLS. 327. a.Tro(T(f)d^io. A term ap- plied, it would seem, to the killing ojf a number of captives or hostages by cutting their throats. Thuc. in. 32, tt/joo-- cxwy MvoyrjCij} rrj Hrjiwi) 70i)s AXAPNH2. 87 XOP. eliri fioi, ri tout aTretXel roviro^, avSpe^ SrifioTai,, Tot<; ^ KyapvLKolcrtv i']/.up ; ficov ep^a rov iraiZlov Twv rrrapovrcou tvhov e'ip^a<;; y Vt tw Opaav- ve-ai) 330 A IK. ^dWer, el ^ovkea6\ iyw yap tovtovI Zia^Oepw. eiaofiai S' vfidov to'^' oo"Ti9 dvOpaKWv n K)']^eTai. XOP. u) bp-oiov, iv (Jj dvOpaKas rj>i- povaiv. — dr]p.6Tr]i, as if thf! \dp- Kot was a living inhabitant of Achamac. 33J. wj iiroKTivQ. ' I tell you, I 7viU kill him, bawl as you may.' Eur. Med. 609, ws 01) Kpivov/j.ai Twpoe ijXtKa, 'this com- panion of j'our own age.' A. Miiller, ]\Ieiiieke, and Bcrgk give iiroXch dp' 6iJ.Tj\iKa, MSS. &pa Tov -^XiKa. Dindcuf diroXeis pa TOV T/'XiKo. On the one hand the article seems required; on the other, pa is an epic rather tlmn an Attic word. IClmsley's conjecture, dvoXch di rov -qXiKa, in i)crliui)s the best, one MS. (A) having &pa 0' ^Xua. But tlio metre, wliicli seems dac- tylic, is somewhat strangely interposed. Fort, apa 5rj to;' tjXik' aTToXciv Td;'5e tov o^\- "Xofxii/ xoO' v/xdi diroaofiijcTCii' rt^ XpofV- liiin. 269, IfiiWov dpa ■jrauadv iroO' ii/iii tov Koa^. Horn. II. XXII. 356, ^ ff' eO 717- ViiiffKuv iroriuaaonai, ouo' dp ?fxt\- Xof vdadv.- — /3o/jv is used irapa. irpoaouKlav for x^f'"-^- This was a form of asking for qnart(jr, to ' wave tlio Lands ' in token of Bubrnissiou. Thuc. iv. 38, oi Si aKQvaavTti iraprJKav tAs dairi- JJaj oi TzXtXaToi, koX rb.% xupa": av((Tuaav. Act. Apost. xix. 33, 6 &t ' Wii_a.v5po dwoXoydcOai rip orj- fjiif). Tlio Hubstituliou of lioiji' for x^pat is (piitc in the stylo of Ari.stoi)lianes, as iu tho next lino dfOpaKts is perhaps for dfOpuTTOL (cf. 332). Kot per- ceiving this, Dobree and Elms- ley (followed by Meineke and Dr Holden, who also give Trdp- Tws), read dvrjativ t^s ^o^j, and A. Miiller dfrjcreiv ttjc /io^f. — llapvrjcrioi, not ' of Parnassus,' but 'of Parnes,' which was near the derae Acharnae. Dindorf reads Uapvrjdtoi after Bcntley. The MSB. give, as usual, Uap- vdffioi or llapvd(T(rioi, wliich the Schol. regards as an intentional joke on Upol. — oXiyov 5' Meineke and Holden, 6X17011 7' Elmsley. 350. ixapiXr), the dust of char- coal, whence the name MapiXa- 577J, inf. 6oy. The genitive de- pends on auxfriv, like noXXovs Tdf Xi0ui>, iroXXrjv rrjs 7>';j, &C. Thuc. I. 5, Toi/ irXuaTov tov (ilov. Iu this idiom the accu- sative is in tho same yendcr witli tlie genitive, which regu- larly takes the article, — e.g. not TToXXoOi XlOoji', but iroXXovs rCv XlOwf. ' Through its fear (of being stabiied) tho charcoal- scuttle befouled mo with plenty of its smut.' Ho jocosely com- pares tlio l)lack dust from tlio charcoal with the dirt of some living creature, and tlio ink of tho ciittle-lish. — KaraTiXav oc- curs Av. 1054, 1 1 17, Hun. 36O, 7/ KarariXq. Tuf'EnaTaiixiv. 40 APISTO^ANOTS oetvov aojj^ac, Xe^o) S VTiep AaKeSaLfioviWv d pbot ZoKel. KUiTOL BeBotKa TToXXd' Tov6Spa iav Tf? avToi<; evXoyfj Koi rrjv ttoXlv dvrjp aka^^iiv Kol SUaia KaSiKa' KavravOa Xavdavova dTre/MTToXcvfievoL' Tcov T av yepovTCOV olSa ra? -vlryi^a? otl 375 ovBev ^XeTTovcriv ciXXo TrXrjv '^■j(f)cp BaKelu, avT6 Trciroitj- Kas, CjaTt vvvl inro aov fxovuTdTOU Ka.TtyyXwTTiff/xii'r]!' aiwirav; 49 APISTOc&ANOT^ KaKVKkoj36pei KuirXwev, war oXljov iravv aTrcoXo/xrjv [xoX.vvoTrpa'yiJLOVovixevo'^. vvv ovv jxe irpwrov irplv Xeyecv iacrare ivcTKevaaaaOai pb olov aOXKOTaroVy XOP. TL ravra o-rpecpei, Te;^m^et9 re koo 7ropi^ei T€TOKVias. CIgou had a loud spluttering voice, KCKpa^c- ddfias, Vesp. 596, to which al- lusion is often made by the poet. — ^irXwe, 'he abused me like a washerwoman.' Pint. io6r, irXvvov fie ttoiwv iv roaov- Tots dvopdiTiv. Dem. p. 997 fin., dWrjXovs di TrkwovfJ-iv, Kal 6 rip '\6yuj Kparricras d'p^et. There Beams a joke on the antithetic words nXvveLU and p.o\vveiv, as if he had said ' he washed me till I had got quite dirty,' lit. ' by being mixed up with a dirty business.' Inf. 847, kov ^vvtv- X'iiv c 'Twep^oXoi 5lkuv avairXri- au. 384. This verse, which oc- cm-s again at 436, can hardly be right here, on account of the repetition of /xe, which here stands for ifmvTov. Either there was aposiopcsts, and the speaker was cut short by the hurried question of the Chorus, or some other line was read, e. g. tttco- XoO t' ^XV "^^^ ri'7ou daKTvKLov, kdv re /JLT), Kal irpOSTOLOVTLp 8aKTu\i({l Tr]V "A'lSos Kvvrjv. See Iliad v. 845. Hes. Scut. 227. 391. Ziavipov. He was the tyijical impostor of Tragedy; the KipOLCTos dfdpuv, II. vi. 153. — aW e^dvoiye, Dr Holden and Midler, after Meineke, from Suidas. A very inferior read- ing, as an imperative imme- diately precedes. 392. aKrj\pLi', 7rp6(pa(nv, excuse AXAPNHS. 43 AIK. U)pa ^ariu apa jxol Kaprepav ■^v)(i]V \a/3ecv, Kai fJioi ^ahiare ecnlv oJ? ^vpnrlSrjv. iral iral. KH^. rt? otro? ; AIK, evhov ear 'Evpc7riB7]<; ; 395 KH. ovK evBov evBov eariv, el r^vw^nqv e;^ef9. AIK. TToj? evZov, elr ovk €v8ov; KH. opdux;, (o fyipov. 6 vov. dX)C dhvvaTov. AIK. dX\! o/J,coC OflQ3lying that he is too busy. 'Then,' says his persecutor, ' show your- self in that upi^er room of yours.' The eccijclema is brought into play, to display the jioet's stu- dio with aU his drosses and tragic paraphernalia around him. 410. tI XAa^-as ; 'What do you say ?' A mock-tragic word for TL XiyeL^ ; Hippol. 54, ttoXit S' cifl aVT(3 TTpOffTToXuiV OTTLffdo- TTOus Kw/j-os \e\aK€v. — d.va^d87]v, ' do you compose up there when you might do so down here ? 'Tis not for nothing that yon represent the lame and the halt in your plays!' A hit at the play on Bellerophon, who fell from his Pegasus. See Pac. 147. — oiiK irbs, liaitd frustra; an ad- verb connected with irdiaios. Cf. Thesm. 921. Plut. 404. 412. Tt ^x"^> '^'^^^y ^1^"^® 3'°^^ got them with you there ?' Miiller and others understand tL (pope7s ; ' why are you wear- ing ?' But the joke seems to be to make the studio appear like an old-clothes' shop, with sundry suits hanging on pegs, or la- belled and arranged aboiit the room. 413. ■jTTwxoi'y. 'No wonder that you introduce berffjars in your plays,' when you keep such a good stock of rags ! Cf. Lysist. 138, oi'/c irbs d(f> ij/xuv elfflv al rpaywdiai. Thesm. 921, ovK ero5 TrdXai jiyvTrTid^eT , AXAPNH2. 45 ETP. AlK. ETP. ETP. AIK. ETP. AIK. So? /lot pcLKLOv Tt Tov TzaXaiov Spa/J.arG<;. 415 Bel yap /-te Xe^ac tm %opc3 pfjcriv fxaKpav' avTT] Be davarov, rjv KaK(ij<; Xe^w, (pepet. Tti iTola rpvxv > h^'^ ^^ °^'» Oaeu? bhl 6 8va7roTfioLXoKrrjTov rd tov nnwxpv Xeyec^; ovK, dXXd rovrov ttoXv iroXv irTcoxi'O-repov. 425 aW' 17 rd BvcTTivvj 6eXei6vrr]^' dXXd. KUKelvo'i [xev i^v 415. TOU, i.e. Ttfos, some old play (that you have done with),' is a probahle correction of Bergk's for tov. Some tweuty years later 'the old drama' might have borne an intelligible meaning, compared with the developments of style and metre in the ])oet's later plays. The Schol. understands by 'that old play' the Telejjhus. 416. fiaKpav. From v. 497 to V. 556. Tlie Schol. takes the epithet as a satire on the long Bpceches in the ])lay8 of Eu- ripides. — edvoLTov, cf. 355 — 7. 418. 601. Ho points to a very shabljy suit in which he dressed up his Ocneus on tlie fitage. The first verse of that play is cited in Kan. 1238. — 177^1-^ ftTo, 'acted.' 423. Xa/ctooT, 'tatters,' Aesch. Cho. 26. Tl)(! tragic tone in which Euripides sustains the dialogue, and the long list of beggar-kings which he is made to produce in so short a space, are admirably conceived by the poet. 47,4. ^iKoKTT)Tov. This play was broiight out with the Me- dea in 431 — 2 B. c. A full de- scription of the poverty and distress of Philoctetes in the isle of Lemnos is given in Bk. ix of Quiutus Smyrnacus, doubt- less from the Cyclic poets whom both Sophocles and Euripides BO largely followed. 425. vTuxK^T^pov. Formed like 'XaXicTaTus, TrorlaTaToi,(pfva- KlffTUTos, tJ^oi>oANOTS ')(^ci)\6^, irpocranwv, ara)fxv\o<;, B6ivo ai fioL Ta aTrdpyava, ETP. CO Tral, So? avroj li7j\e(f)ov pa/cw/xara. Kelrai 8' dvwdev rdov ©vearelcov paKoov, fiera^i) rcSy 'lvov<;. IBou tuvtI \a^e. AIK. ut Zev SioTTTa koX Kajoirra iravTayj], 435 ivaKevdcracrdal, jx olov d&Xiwrarov. ^vpiTTihrj, '''iT€tSr']7rep e-^apiaco rahi, KCLKelvd fjbot S09 TttKoXovOa twv paKwv, TO irCkihiov irepl rrjv ice) yevov yXiaypo^ Trpocratrcou XtTTapwv r . ^vpLTVL^rj, B6<; fioi aiTvpi^iov BiaKeKavp,evov Xv')(yu). Dieaeopolis), must seem to Cleon to be somebody else, to avoid a second prosecution. Hence he adds that he -wishes the spec- tators to know who he really is, while he would make fools of the Chorus, i. e. delude them by his eloquent appeal, 'hum- bug them,' 'quiz,' 'poke fim at them.' For the Chorus, as his enemies, would side with Cleon against him. So they are stupidly to sujjpose he is Telcphus ])lcading the cause of tlie Spartans. Perhaps we should read dMvai fx ujj dix i'/Ca, ' to know that it is I.' The l)ftit he is going to act is that of Telephus. — For watrcp Suidas gives oatrep. 444. a-Ki/j-oKl^eiu was a term nsod by ktM'iicrs of poultry ; see the note on I'ac. 549. 445. This verso is cither quoted from some play, or a parody on the style of Euri- pides. 44^. ei'Oaiixovol-rji. 'But To- kqilius be — I won't say wliat !' lit. 'For Telephus, what / think of him.' The verse is parodied, as the Schol. again informs us, from the Telephus, /caXwj ?x<"A"' TriX€(f>u> 5' dyo} (jtpovQ. For ev- daipLovoi-qs, which occurs again 457, Dr Holden and JIuller prefer a reading quoted by Athenaeus jj. 186, eJ (joi y^uoiro. Dieaeopolis adds, 'Bravo ! how full I am getting of poetic phrases already.' He is Tele- phus already, and can make use of that hero's very words and sentiments. The mantle of a talker (429) has tilled the wearer of it with talk. 450. The words t3 Ov/j.^ to \nrapC}v are supposed to be said aside.- — y\i<7xp6%, 'greedy;' cf. u '/Kiaxp'^v,Vi\c. 193. — \LirapCi)v, 'importunate,' 'perdeveriug in entreaty.' 453. airvploiov. 'A little wicker basket burnt througli (or, with a liolc burnt in it) by a lamp.' It seems that beggars used an inverted basket as a ]iroteftion to hand-lamps ou tb(;ir stations. In some cases the flame would burn a hole 48 APIST0$AN0T2 ETP. Ti S' (S raXa<; ere roGS' e-^ec irXeKOVi %P^09 ; ATK. 'X^peoX\ iTreXaOofjLTjv ev (pirep iari irdyra p.ot ru irpdyp-ara. ^vpt'irlhiov w yXvKurarov kol (f)i)\.Tdriov, 475 Perhaps, however, as in Hom. II. XVIII. 414, a spouj^e used l«r wipinj,' peisjiirtitiou &c. was kept by the tttwxoI, or professional beggars, in some pot or suiall bai-in. 464. TTj;' rpayuidiav. "Uliether ' tragedy ' in the abstract, or 'my tragedy,' viz. the Telejihus, be meant, the joke is to make its essence consist in rags and cracked pottery. Schol. oLv rd (TKii'T) T^j Tpayudias. 466. oij /jL-q Tvxr other vegetables, such as beggars collectr;d in tlieir baskets for cooking and r]p v^pi^ei' /cXete tttjktoi BcofMaTcov. AIK. (6 6vfjb , dvev aKavBiKo^; efXTropevTea. 480 op olcrd oaov tov aycou dycoiuel rdy^a, fjieWoiv vTrep AaKeBai/xovLcov dvBpwv Xeyeiv ; 7rpo/3aLve vvv, w Oviie' y^ajjifjur) 8' avTrjL earrfKas ; ovk ei KaraTnd.v l^vpiirihriv ; eirrjuecT ' aye vvv, w rdXacva KupSla, 485 by all the modern editors to tpiXraTov. The adjective, used as a vTroKopLo-fia, is jocosely formed like vcrrdTioi, ocrcrdrios. Compare Lysist. 87 2, cJ y\vKtr- Tarov 'MvppivioLov, tL ravra 5pdi ; ib. 889, (5 yXvKurarov crv TfKvi- 5iov Kanov Trarpos. 478. SKCLvSiKa, 'chervil,' or some such plant. Cf. 457. Aesch. Cho. 760, ov e^idpt\pa. pLTjTpodty 5e8eyiJ.evns. 479. TrrjKTa. do^/xdnav, 'the doors of the house.' A tragic phrase, probably. The rccif- clema now closes in, and no more is seen of the poet. 481. ap' olffda. 'Are you not aware how great is the contest you will soon have to engage in, as you have undertaken to speak for the Lacedaemonians?' The friend of the Spartan was looked at. with special distnist as the friend of oligarchy, if not a secret sympathiser with the Mede. 483. ypafxpiT^. 'Tills is the starting-point in the race for yoiu" life.' A line was drawn on which several racers, opo/xeis, set one foot as they stood abreast for the start, and to the same mark they returned, Eiu-. El. 955, 984. — KaraTTiwi', 'now that you have swallowed Eu- ripides.' The ancients had a curious notion that food im- parted its own physical quali- ties to the mind or disposition of the eater of it ; see sup. 166. Eq. 561,491. Vesp. 1082. It is stated in a Eeview that "among some American tribes it was the custom to eat the flesh of heroes who fell in battle, in the hope of inheriting the valour of the departed." Here the 'bolting of Eurii^ides' is a jocose way of saying 'now that you have got in you his eloquence and clever sophistry.' Schol. wa-rreo F.v- pi.-n-inr)v oXov lXfTaaxv:~'-^'''Ladu.evo% KoL dva\aj3ix>i> if aavT(^. 4S5. eTrrjvea-a. As in Ean. 508, and elsewhere, the sense probably is, ' No, thank you !' In the dialogue between the man and his own soul, the speaker declines, but appeals to his heart or courage to act for him, as it were. Compare Od. XX. 18. Eur. Med. 1057, M SrJTa, dvfj.k, fir) ffv y^ ipydarj rddc tacrov avTovs, cJ rdXav, tpei- aai TtKiwv. AXAPXH2. 51 aTreXo eKelae, Kara rrjv Ke(f)a\7]v eVet T7apacr-)(^elius, cfun- mences with a quotation (or parody, perhaps) from that play. 'Don't be jpalous of me, ye spectator -I, if, iliough I am but a beggar, I still intend to speak in pr sencc of Athenians about the city, as the composer of a comedy.' Here again Di- caepolis must have been under- stood to mean, if 2iot to be, Aiisto]il)anes ; since the author only, not the actor, merely r.s actor, could be said ttoiuv. So just below, he says 'P'or now at least Cleon will not bring frivolous charges against me.' Tliere is a keen satire on th-e reluctance of the Atlienians to listen to any one who was not a ris, — a demagogue or a man of note. Cf. 558. The prjai^ contains, like the similar one in Pac. 603, an important ex- position of the misunderstand- ing's and i)etty jealousi(!s which gave rise to the war. Of coutki , such reasons have no historical weight. They represent tli(! gossip of the day, and iirobably of the enemies {>{ rericles. 4-2 52 APlST0a>AN0T5: ^evcov TTapcvrwv rrju ttoXlv kukco^ Xeya. avTol yap ecrp-ev oinri, ArjvaLOi r aywv , KovTTw ^evoi irdpeiaiv' oine yap (f>6poi 5^5 yKovaiv OUT eK twv TroXeoov ol ^vfi/xa'^^oL' aX)C eafxev avrol vvv ye 'TrepLeTTTLcrfxepoc' rov he fiiaw /xev AaKeSat/noviovi ylonians,'forexhibiting which Cleou had prosecuted Aristophanes, had appeared at the Greater Dionysia. 509. /j.iau). He begins bj' avowing his hearty hatred of the Spartans, to clear himself of any charge of Laconism. He too, he says, as a farmer, has been injured by them, and he would like to see their- city de- stroyed by the earthquake. Thucydides speaks of the fre- quent earthquakes during the war, I. 23, 128, III. 87, 89, d'c. AXAPNHl 53 drap, (fiiXot jap oi Trapovre^ iv \6ya), Tt Tavra tol'9 Ad/c&)i/a? ai,Tiwfj,e6a; <^ rjfjLOiv yap avope<;, ov^t rrjv troXtv Xeyco, 5 ^ 5 fjuefMiiTjaOe Tovd\ on ov-xj, Tiji/ iroXiv Xeyco, dW' dvhpapia fioydT]pa, irapaKeKOfi/jLeva, / m \ artfia Kai wapaar^/xa Kau Tio^a^va, ' , / • iavKO(f)dvTeL ^leyapecov rd ')^Xapi(7Kia' tewv , 513. avTai (or, as A. MiiLler thinks, certain demagogues). But cf. 820. The words followiug are partly borrowed from base or badly struck money. When tlie die was set awry, as we so often see in Greek and lioniun coins, the jfiece was called Trapdruiroi' (Schol.) or vapaKfKOfJLfxivov, as opposed to 6pl)m Koirh (Kan. 723). \N'hentli(;inoijey-chatiger's mark was stampe*! on u coin as being belr)w Ihv. staiidanl value, and tliercfdre kI^otjXov, it was callecl vapdarinoi, ' marked on one side,' or 'with a bad mark put on it.' See the note on Aesch. Agam, 780, ovvapnv oi> ffijiovaa ttXovtov irapd.(Tr)p.ov aivj. The earliest passage in which mention is made of striking coins with a die and a hanmuT is Aesch. Suppl. 278, KvTrptoi XapaKTTip r' iv yvvaiKiloi% rtTr. i% (iKWi weirXriKrai. TeKrdvwv irpbs dpaevwv. — irip-a, outlawed or disfranchised, and therefore having no legal right to inter- fere at all. — irapd^efa, those who have got themselves placed on the register of citizens though liable to be indicted for ^evia, like the demagogue in Eur. Orest. 904, 'Apyeios ovk ^ Apyeio^ ■fjuayKaapevoi. It does not appear however tliat demagogues are here specially pointed at, tliougli some of these, as I'^lmslcy shows, were charged with foreign ex- traction; cf. inf. 704. •;i9. TO. x^ai'iffKta. The Me- gariaus import(>d into the Attic murk(!t little cloaks or mantles (of tbe type of the Spartan xXaifa) for tlie use of slaves. Cf. I'ac. 1002, douXoiai X'*'"'''- aKtoi ixiKpwv. I'erhaps they had no riglits of itrlp-i^i^ witli Athens; or tliey had not j)aid tlie miirk('t-t(dl, and thcrefon! an infui'iiiiition was laid against tlicni ; and this, witli other v(!Xiitions and cnnsciputnt rv- prisals, is licro said to have led U) the famous yicyapiKbv \j/r]'pi.iT- 54. APISTO^ANOTS Kei TTov cr'iKvov iSoiev ?) XaycoSi.ov 5-0 rj ■ )(Oipi 8iov rj aKopohov i} '^6vhpov<^ aXaq, ravT rju ^leyaptKo, Kan-eTrpaT avdr)p,ep6v, Kol ravra jxev hi) crfJUKpa KdirLy^wpia, TTopvTjv he 'Sti/naiOav l6vTe OTL 'Zinuida TV KoXei, /cai ixfidyeo Tq.5e. Schol. rayrT/s 5^ koI ' AXKijBLdorjs rjpaadTi, 6s Kal ooKei dvatrarnKevai. TLva% TipiraKivai Tr)v TTopvrjv. — For the Korra^os see Pac. 1244, ^^^ the note. 526. (pixny^ or tpvffiyyr) was the outer skin of a leek, to iKTos X^TTiff/xa Twv (XKopoSiov. Schol. It seems when rubbed on the skin to have caused blisters or AXAPNHS. So KavTevOev dp-)(rj rov TToXe/xov KUTeppdyr] "KWrjcrt irdaiv e« rpiwi/ XaLKacrrpdvA ivrevOev opyf] Xlepi/cXe/;? ovXifu.'rrio^ 53*-* ijarpaTTTev, e/Spovra, ^vveKVKa ti)v 'YjWala, €Ti8eL vo/xovi uxjTrep aKoXia yeypapfievovi, ct)<; y^pj) ^leyapea\eyaprji\h 7', a5 v vv, /ca'Sof? oovGU/xevcov, a-Kopohwv, iXaav, Kpojxpivcov iv B^ktvoi^j 550 ore^avwv, rpc^LScoi', av\r]Tpi8u>v, vttwttlwv, TO vewpiov au Kcorrecov TrXarovfievcov, TvXcou -yp-ocjiovvTcav, OaXafiiwv rpoirovfjievrjov, avXuv KeXevarwv, viyXdpwv, avpij^nrcov. TavT olS" OTL av eSpare' top Be TrjXecf^ov 555 6 I'auTTjs Spa nrj is irpippav 0irywi' Trp''-fivr)$€v rjvpe /MrfxcLvriv erwrripiai veuJS Kanovarjs -novTiui irpos Kv/xa- Ti; 'Surely a sailor does not fiud safety in a storm by leav- ing the helm, and offering his prayers to the image at the prow, because his ship is in distress.' (A. MiiUer, quoting Becker's Charicles, says these figures wore in the stiTU, and not in the prow. Eut the Schol. liere agrees with the passage in Aeschylus, YlaWdoia iv rat's irpifipais tCjv Tpi-qp'jov rjv dydX/xaTo. riva. ^vKLva rqs 'AOrivdi KaOtopv- Hiva, though Eur. I)ih. A. 240 seems to make the other way. ) 548. ffroaj. A piazza or open market in the Piraeus wliere barley-meal and flour wore sold. See Dem. p. 917, and Eccl. 686, where it is called 549. TpoirwTTjpfs, the tliong or loop by wliich the oar was hung on the ffnaX/xoi, or row- lock, Aesch. Pcrs. 375, van^dr-rji t' ivrip irflOTTOVTO KU>ir7)V OKoKunv diji. Thuc. I. 35, Ai/(T£re 5' oiiok rds Aa/c. awovbdi. 564. -Kol dels; the uncon- vinced half are running off to catch hold of the obnoxious speaker, but are stojjped by the rest, seized, and threatened with summary punishment. — dpd-q- aei, ' you shall be hoisted,' a me- taphor from wrestling ; compare Apdijii d-rroWvvai, &c. Q. Smyr- naeus, iv. 226, 6 5' &p' iopurj re Ka.1 aXKY) ■wXevpov vwoKXivas TeXa- IxuivLov 6i3pip.ov via iccFvixh/wi dvdtLpev viro p.vCjvos ipeiaas w/jiov. II. xsill. 724, ri pi dvdeip' tj eyd} ere. — devels, the future of deiveiv, which occurs Prom. V. 56, and elsewhere. Between devdiv and 6evu>v it is sometimes hard to decide ; and there is a variant O^uets in this passage. See Elmsley on Heracl. 272. Schol. dcTt TOV TvrpeLS. 566. Lamachus, the hero of the war-party, supposed to be present in the theatre, is in- voked to aid the assailants of Dicaeopolis. A figure with a tremendous crest, armed at all points as an oTrXiTrjs, bounces on the stage in pantomimic guise. He is first (567) appealed to as a chivalrous champion, then (568) as a friend and tribesman. A. Muller however notices that the Acharniau deme (see 011406) belonged to the Oeneid, Lama- chus to the Acamautid tribe, AXAPNHS. 59 /3orj6r]aov, w yopyo Xocfia, <^avei<;, Iw Adfia-)(^, CO (f)i,X\ 6po)7ro<; irdXai diraaav ruiijiv Trjv iroXiv KaKO££o6el ; 577 '^^ AAM. oCto? av ToX/xa? inw)(0'i wp Xeyeiu rdSe ; being of the deme called Ke- ^71. avoaas, i.e. dvvcras ti, 'quickly.' The MSS. give dr' IffTi Tts or elre tis Ian. The repetition of tis is remarkable, though not without paialltl. A. Miiller refers to Orest. 1218. But this passage has perhaps been tampered with by gram- marians who endeavoured to make a trimeter verse, and Elmsley may be right in restor- ing a dochmiac verse, elre tls itich, ' do make sohk; allow- ance for me if, though a beggar (i.e. dressed up as one), I did say a word or two and talked a r^v, 60 APlSTOcI^ANOT^ AlK. Q) Aafjia)^ ^pf»?, dWd avyyvd /iirjv e^e, ec TTTWT^o? wv elTTcv Ti KaarjcojuAjXajxriv. AAM. Tt 8' elira'i rjiia tttcX^ /j,eWeiaos to ii^ioTij) 6vopLa, bfuLwudv bv rip (k- XiJ^p'rj Kol TOV OTj [XOU aTTOKpivtcrdai BeLTUi, vvvl irpoq Adrjvaiovi fxeT a/3ovXovSa. TOVTOVS xtipoTovovv- ras niv raxii, arr' df oi 5J!;Xi, Tafira TrdXic dpvovpivov%. It is likely, as Mailer suggests, tliat the reversal of the deci-,iou P. QG APISTO^ANOTS (f)r]alv 8' elvac ttoWwu dyadcov a^iorj9' the Rav. MS. has d(t>q- ffere, others dai irapaKeLjjbevai, 670 i ol he &aa[av dvaKUKuxTL XLTrapdfnrvKa, ol Be ixdrTuxTLV, ovroi ao/Sapov iX6e fieXo<;, eVTOVOV, djpOLKOTOVOV, 665 — 691. The strophe •with eirlpprjixa. of sixteen trochaic verses, corresponding to 692 — ■ 718, tlie antistrophe and dire- Tripp-rjixa. The strophe consists of cretics alternating with paeons, as sup. 210 seqq. — The subject now changes from the affairs of the poet to those of the Chorus, and a complaint is thus openly made of public prosecutions vexatiously laid against the old and the poor by the young and the powerful. This is a political grievance, in- dependent of the immediate action of the play. ibid. The sense is, 'Now, my Muse, inspire me with in- dignation as hot and sparkling as the fire made by my own charcoal.' Translate, 'Come hither, glowing Muse, with all the force of fire, come in good tune, maid of Acharnae! As a spark bounces up from char- coal of holm-oak, quickened by the wind from the fire-fan, when sprats are laid close by to be fried on the embers, and some of the slaves are shaking up Thasian pickle with a bright oily head, and others kneading the cakes, sobriLg to me, your fellow-townsman, a lusty strain well-attuned and rustic in its tone.' — (p€\f/a\os, a charcoal spark, which flies up with a crackling noise; cf. Vesp. 227. Ean. 859. — Hence idvijs Ovo^i' dfrai k.t.\, 'i'he sense is, ' when tliey are too old to speak articulately.' 683. or? ITocrei^cjj'. 'Men whose only suj^port is Poseidon the Secmer,' i.e. who have nothing to lean upon in order to keep them from stumbling, save their services in the uavj'. Poseidon was worshipped at Athens and at Taeuarus (Schol. on 510) under this attribute as the protector against earth- quakes and storms at sea. Miil- ler well cites Plutarch, Thes. 36, ToD OeoO 6y da(pa\uov kolI yaiijoxov Trpoaovopd'^op.ev. . 6S3. TovOopi't^ovTes. ' So, in- distinctly muttering through age, we stand at the dock, seeing nothing whatever but the misty outline of the law- suit,' i.e. having no ideas be- yond the vague one that we are being prosecuted by somebody for something. — Xl0(ij, the bema in the law-court, the precise use and position of which wo cannot tell. The Schol. con- founds it with the bema in the Pnyx.— J7XiJ77;j', cf. Thuc. vi. 36, Sniilt Tip KOlVip (pO^ip TO aiTipOV iirriXiiyti'^wvTai. Hesych. ifKv- y-q- CKid- Kal iiTTjXvytapLos, iiri- (TKiacr/xos, ) koL irokvv, 695 dvhp dyadov ovra ^lapaOmn irepl ttjv ttoXiv; elra 'MapaOcovi fxev or rjjJiev, ehtwKOfxeV vvv 8' iiT dvhpwv TTOvrjpwv (T6v, rfkiKov ^ovKvhihrjV, The Scbol. records a var. lect. dXuei, 'be is beside himself,' and this is adopted by Meineke. — ov, the genitive of price ; ' what I ought to have bought a coffin for,that(sumJIleave court condemned to pay.' Cf. 830. The dead, or perhaps only the bones of the dead, were some- times inclosed in wooden coffers, Kibpoi (Alcest. 365), Xapvanes (Thuc. II. 34), aof,ol (II. XXIII. 91), Koi\-q XJJ-'^os (Q. Smyrnaous I- 797)- , , ,„ 692. TaGra TTUjj K-.T.X. 'How can such proceedings be reason- able, — to ruin a poor grey-hahed old man in the law-court, who has many a time taken a part in our toils and wiped off hot manly sweat, and plenty of it too, when he sliowed himself a brave man at Marathon in the Bervice of the state?' — TroXXa 8tj, a pregnant combination, as Kan. 697, oJ p.(0' Vjxdiv iroXXa o-q yol irar^pa ivavixaxqaav. 699. lira K.T.X. 'Tben too at Marathon, when wo wore men indeed, we were the ])ur- suera ; but now wo are pursued, and no mistake, by good-for- nothing fellows, and beside that are caught.' — or' 17/-0', cumvige- bamus, Lysist. 665, 8t' ijfieu ^Ti. There seems, however, no objection to construing 'MapaduivL 6t' ■t^p.ev, like Cicero's CUM essein in Tuscniano. — 5iui- K€iu and eXeii', of course, have the double sense, military and judicial. Cf. Vesp. 1207, 4>dCX- Xov — elXov diLOKwif \oidoplas ^rj- yepovTi, /xev jepciiv koX vo)8o' cSre TrcoXelv tt/jo? e'/ie, Aafid^o) Be /*?/. f ■ 6 1 • 714. OTTws Aj/, 'so that,' re- sult rather than intention being expressed. 716. 6 KXeiviov, Alcibiades. See on 614. 717.' i^e\avv€tv. The sense evidently is that in future all public prosecutions are to be distributed under two heads, 'young,' and 'old;' and if any one is to be made &Tifj.oi or to be banished, it must be done through an advocate of his own age. There is considerable difficulty in kclv (pvyrj rts, the a th e a de- aorist not being used i n t sense of (pfuyeiv, 'to be fendant,' but signifying 'to be banished,' wliich here cannot apply. A. Miiller's explanation is very unsatisfactory, "i^eXav- vtiv h.l. fiignilicat in jus vocare. (puyrj, i.e. ijv /x-ij niOrjTai, si hanc legem nc(ili(/('t." The text can- not be right as it stands, be- cause Tis is necessary to the metre, and this makes it neces- sary to regard (pvyg iT)ixLoiv. As it is im- possible to get rid of tis (unless by reading Kal ^vyy 5^ ^rjfuovv), it seems that i'Tj/ito? (the sub- junctive) must be read. The sense is, Kai, dv ns ^rjpnol tlvol (pvy^, (fjjuioi'c) TOV -yipovTa k.t.\. The iutinitive seems to have crept iu either from ^-qixiovv as a marginal explanation, or from confounding i'r),u.Loi with the preceding iufiuitive. 719. Keturning to the stage Dicaeopolis sets up some marks or boundary stones enclosing his own private market; to which all shall have access but members of the war-pai ty. 722. f(f>' i^re. 'On conditioa they sell to niP, but not to La- machus.' See sup. 625. It is clear that the syntax hero is not Aa^dxip ^^(art yuij TrajXe'iv. That would signify 'Lamachus has the right of not selling at all, unless ho jjleases.' See Aesch. Eum. 899, ti^eaTi ydp fioi fiij Xiyfiv a ft-q Te\u, and the note. In tbe sense 'Lamachus is not allowed to sell,' Aa/xa-x^ oi oO would be required. 7G APISTO^ANOTS a'yopavo/iov val rbv '^pficiv, etVep i^eir 0iKa8t<;, rd TTpdra Treipaaecade ra? Xifiov KaKU)<^. 73?, dfji^are, ' get up on to the stage.' We can only ex- plain this word by svipposing the Megaiian to be on the level below, i. e. the orchestra, from which there was one, if not m< re ascents to the stage. So Equit. 169, where the sausage- seller is asked ivavai^rjuai Kal eirl iKibv, to mount yet Jarther and higlicr on to his own yjortablo table, after being invited ava.- fiaXvHv in V. 149. — iidobav, i.e. ixa'iav. Pt'ihaps a tub of meal was sepTi jifanding in the mar- ket. Cf. 835. 733. rav -yaaripa, said irapa. irpoffBoKiav for tov vovv or to, WTO, from the starving condi- tion of the children. 734. ntirpdaOai. The alter- native otfured them is to bo sold as slaves, or to starve ; find they choose the former. Cf. 779. 737. iafdav. As slaves were KTTifixiTa, no one would invest in a property tlmt would prove a loss, viz. from tbo starved look of the girls. The Schol. misses the point, iwel Kdpai 738. MeyapiKd. Probably the Megarians were, not noted for honesty in their dealings. Bergk (ap. Mullerj, referring to Vesp. 57, /j.r)!)' au yeXojTa Me- yapJOev KeKXe/j-fxefov, thinks ' a comic trick,' after the fashion of Susariou, may here be meant. — aKcudcras, 'I will dress you up as pigs, and say 'tis pigs I bring.' There can be no doubt, from the context, that the children are made to walk on hands and knees, with a mask imitating a snout, pvyxiov, 744, and a kind of shoe and glove which suggested 'potitoes.' — irepiOeffOf, ' put on you.' Thesm. 380, TrepiOou vvv rbvbe, sc. ari- (JXXVOV. 742. otKaots, cf. 779. If you return liome, ho says, i. e. if y AiKaioTToXiv oira, AiKaiOTToXi, 7; XjJ? irplaadai ')(oipia\ AIK. Tt; dvrjp Me7api«:o?; MET. dyopaaovvTe<; t'/co/ie?. X-to- fwVf 745, , 750 ATK. TTft)? e;^eTe ; MET. Sia7reivd/uLev ap')(eTe\ AIK. ovhe cKopoha; MET. TTola GKopoh''; u/xe? twv del, OKK ia^dXrjre, Tci^? apcopaioc fiv6AN0T2 AIK. Tt Bal ^epeir)<; 6 Kua6oT]a0a came x^oH'^ (Oed. R. 742) and aiyifv, non ilfbi-has silere ; a x'""^'"^> f'oin which latter the presumed Doricism for ovk compound aorist is here formed. iXPV" ^^ justly re- years.' The usual genitive of jecitd by Mulici. P. G 82 APISTOcMNOTS KaWiOTO^ earai '^oipo'i ^A(f}po8Lra Oveiv. AIK. (iW ou^t '^olpo'i TdcfipoSlrr} Overac. MET. ov ')(olpo in Pac. 628. 808. Tpayaaa.ia, as if from This peculiar form was used in Tpwyeiv, 'Eat-ouiaus.' Tragasae AXAPNHS. 83 dX)C ovTL Truer ayapLKOavTovixaL. Di- caeopolis had gone into the house (815), but is loudly called for by the Megarian. Accord- ingly he appears with his triple thong (723). 826. tL 5ri fiaOwv. 'Who taught you to throw light on things without a wick?' i.e. to inform without right or rea- son. Cf. 917. — ov yap K.T.\. ' Why, am I not to throw light on the wicked works of ene- mies ? ' The logic is about on a par with 308. — For the for- mula xXawf ye aii Miiller cites Eccl. 786 and 1027, and for iripucre rpix^iv, ' to run off in the opposite direction,' or ' the other way,' Av. 991 and 1260. The joke here perhaps consists in the wish that informers may migrate from Athens to Sparta. — A few whacks with the thong send the informer scampering. 830. fjs Tifxris airibov. 'The price at which you sold the pigs.' 832. OVK einx<^pi-ov. ' That Xalpeiv is not a resident in our unfortunate country,' 'is not in fashion with us at present.' 833. Miiller and Bergk re- tain the common reading iroXv- trpaypoavvris, as a genitive of exclamation (64); but this idiom seems to require the article, or at least some epithet. The MS. Eav. gives the nominative, ' May my meddlesome wish re^ turn to me ; ' and so Meineke and Dr Holden. The Schol. in- terprets the genitive 'may it (i.e. rb xct^pfif) turn to me {ifioi) for my meddling. ' {efx-ol Mein. ) Cf. Lysist. 915, els ep-k rpd- TTOiTo. Pac. 1062,, is Ke(pa\T]v (701. AXAPNHS. 85 MEF. (u ■)(^oipiBia, ireipyjcjde Kavi<; tw •7raTpodvTrj' aXl, ' to eat jour meal now with salt to it,' i.e. as there is neither salt nor meal at home (732, 760K Pac. 123, KoWvpav fj-t-^dXriv koI KbvbvXov 6\j/ov iw' avTTJ. Equit. 707, inl Tip (pdyoii rjdi(TT' &v ; iiri (iaXXavriu) ; Miiller compares the FrejicJi term ruff' au lait. — Usually d'.Ves, not dXs, moans ♦salt.' Cf. 521. 836. With a mutual ' good l)ye ' the buyer and seller leave the stage, and tlie Chorus, no longer divided in opinion, but unanimous in favour of peace, sin^ a short ode of four similar HystemH, eacli consisting of a distich of iambic tetrameters followed by three iambic di- meters and a choriambic witli anacrusis, or, as Miiller calls it, a logooedic verse. ibid. ■>i'Kov(ra^, addressed to the Coryphaeus. Miiller com- pares inf. 1015. 1042. — ot irpo- l3aivu, ' how well it is succeed- ing,' ' to what a point of pros- perity' it is advancing.' Aesch. Ag. 151 1 (Dind.) Sttoi SiKav vpo- ^aivtav — irapi^u. — KapwwcriTai, sc. avTo, ' he will reap the fruits of it now. ' 840. ol/j.u^uv, viz. from being well beaten, like the other in- former (825). Similarly KXdwv fjieyapieis, 822. 842. vTTo^puvQv, ' by fore- stalling you in the market, ' i. e. unfairly taking advantage, trap- oxpwviii', prdeatinaux. Compare vKoOtiv Va\. 1 16 1. — The com- mon reading -irrifxaueLrai was corrected by L. Dindorf. Elms- ley's reading irrjp.avd rts seems equally probable. Schol. /3-\d- \pei., Xvir-qan, but an example is wanting of the medial sense. j\Ir Jlailstoiio would retain the vnlgatc;, comparing {(tOl irrj/jia- lov/ufoi in Ajac. 1155, and ex- jilaining ' will not jiay the ])e- nalty of clieating you.' Tlu! allusion would again be to the blows of the thong; 'lie will not lie harmed through his own 8G API2T0AN0TS (oi'S' e^ofiop^eraL ITpeTri? Ty]v evpvTrpwKilav croi\ ovK cvaTcei K.\ecovv/j.Qi' '^(X.aii'av B e')(o)v <^avi]v SleC 845 Kou ^vvTvy^MV a 'T7rep/SoXo9 hiKwv dva7r\7]a€L' 01 S' ivTv^wv iv rdyopa TrpcaeiaL croi ^aBi^cov KpaTivo<; "fdel KeKap/jievo<; fxoi')(^ov jjna /jw^aipa, 6 "TrepiTrovrjpo'i ^Apri/xtov, 850 u Ta^t9 dyav rrjv fJiovcTLKrjV, 'yO^cov KUKcv rwu fJiaaj^oKuiv 7raTp6<; T pwyacraLov'^ ovS' avdi ipMriwu i'gr]iiei Se^LO- TrjTos. — Tpayaaaiov, see on 808. Pac. 8 1 4, Topyofes — pnapol rpa- yofidaxo-^oi. 854. Ilavcrwi'. See Plut. 602, AXAPNH2. 87 AvcrtaTparo'i t iv Tdyopd, X.o\apyecov 6v€lSo<;, 6 TrepiaXovpyoq tol^ kukoc^, 856 pi'^iwv re Kol ireivwv del irXelv i} TpicLKovd^ rjfMepa<; roO fJ.r}v6^ eKucTTOv. BOI. 'Ittco ' HpaKX.fj<;, eKajxov 7a rdv TvXav KaKoo. ' This hump (back) of mine is badly tired. ' Cf. 954, where viroKinrTeii> has reference to the kneeling of a camel when the load is put on him. Not seeing this, and in- terpreting TvXr] 'a porter's knot,' Mr Cjreeu, on 954, needlessly remarks that ' a man could hardly be said to stoop under his own shoulder.' The mean- ing merely is, ' bend down your hump.' The camel was known to the poet; cf. Vesj). J035. Av. 278. Herod, vi. 25, avriKo. Kapir]v iax"" 0^ ll^pcrai., rds p.iv idtKovT7)v rijov TToXiwv inroKvipd- aas, tAj 6i dvdyKrj irpoffrj-ydyov- TO. Any kind of lumi) or hard patch of skin was called tvXt]. Hesych. rOXai.' al iv rats X^P'^'- vadvT6'i e^oiriaOe fiov ravdeia Ta<; 'fKd-)(a>vo^ dirkKt^ay ')(aiMaL Attics used the form ^\r)xCbv or pXrixij}, as the Schol. tells us. Hence in Pac. 712 we have KVKeiljv p\T]-xv<;, 7nKTl8a<;, irviin/i UriBa'i f ivvSpov^;, e7;;^eXei? KwTrai'Sa?. 88o solete active of Kunai. — T&vdeia, ' the bloom.' In labiate plants the fragrance is strongest in the flower. Hence y\dx<^i'' dv- Ofvaau Theocr. v. 56. 870. irpiaao. Sup. 34 irploj. Even tlie Attics used tVt'o-Tao-o, rideao (I'ac. 1039) as well as the contracted forms. 871. 6pTa\ix(j3v, 'chickens,' Aesch. Ag. 54, tt6vov opToKlxitiv 6\4aavT(^. Tlie ' four-winged lo- custs' seem alluded to inf. 1082. Muiier assents to Ehnsley's opinion, that the four-legged game is really meant, as if he had said tQv T(Tparr65u)v. The antithesis, perhaps, would be more marked, if between birds and beasts. 872. Ko\\iKo<}ia.yi. Like »,-oX- Xi5po, Pac. 123, the /c6XX(^ was some kind of coarse, cake or bun, perhaps of barley or spelt, or like the Scotch bannock. — Boiwr/oioi', like oaKT\<\loiov (f), oUioiou, 'Ep/xioiov (I'ac. 924). 874. \f/ia.Oovf, 'mats.' It JH ft favourite custom of the poet to combine a number of things of the most heterogeneous de- scription. Cf.Vesp. 676. Eccl. 606. 875. oLTTayds, ' woodcocks,' ' attagen louicus,' Hor. Epod. II. 54. Av. 297. — ]KOVcrav €Kru> fx6\i<; eret iroOovaevrjv' 890 irpoaeirraT avTi]v, w TeKv ' avOpaica^ 8' eyu) Vf-tcv Trape^b) TTJaSe t?;? ^evt}^ 'y^dpiv' aW eLacf)ep avrrp' /X7/Se yap Oavwv irore rior to a hare. In 11. x. 335, KTioir) Kvv^r) is interpi'etecl a cap of weasel's or marteu's skin.-r- Whether euvbpovs (E.) is an epithet, describing an otter or beaver, or a noun, and whether ifiidpeis or evvSpias is the true reading, must remain doubtful. S82. TrpotTfLTretf, viz. in the short address 885 — 7. Pac. 557, d(Tfj.(vus a lowv TrpoaeiTTUv ^ovXo- p.ai Ta.% d/j.Tre\ous. The Boeo- tian, in a parody from a verse of Aeschylus in the "Ott'Kujv Kpiffis, decTTTOiva TiVTr^Kovra Nr;- pXiowv Kopav, tells the bigj;;est eel to come out of the basket, and perhaps it is seen wriggling on the stage. 884. KrjTrixapiTrai, for firi- xapiaai, 'oblige.' So the MS. Rav., and it seems as good as eTrixo-pirra, said to be for eTrt- Xapi^ov (Etym. M. 367. 19), or iwixo-piTTe, which Bergk adopts. — For Ti^be others read rtuSe (i. e. ToDSe, 'come out of this,') retSe, 'here,' and r^oe. 886. x°po'^^> i-<3. to the com- pany at the iiTLviKia, or dinner given to celebrate a dramatic victory. Cf. 11 55. — Tsiopvxv^ a well-known glutton, Vesp. 506. Pac. 1008. Miiller thinks the mention of comic choruses is in;ipiJropriate in the mouth of the farmer: but he was a theatri- cal critic, sup. 9. 888. pnrioa, cf 669. 890. MoX's. 'at last.' See on 266, and cf. 952. 891. avdpaKas. '/ will pro- vide you with charcoal as a compliment to our lady-visitor,' viz. the eel. See sup. 34. 893. Mr Green reads ^Kcf^ep' avriji/, with MS. Kav. For why, he asks, should the eel be taken in when the brazier was to be brought out ? It is easy to answer. To prepare it for fry- ing. There seems too an aUusion to the introducing a stranger to the house, e'iau Kop.i'(ov kuI cri), Kaadvopav X^yui, Aesch. Ag. 950. Besides, this would better ac- countfor theseller beinganxious about the price, Tip.a Taade, if it AXAPNH2. 91 GOV 'Xf^p'i'i £'iV^ ivT€revT\avw[xevrj, like Xaxo-foi', fpp^'i ('■''Of, ipiyavov, or rturXavo^ like jjdcjja- vo%. We have nvrXov, ' beet- root,' as the proper 'fixings' for an eel, Pac. 1014. S96. d7o/ici5 rAos, 'a market- toll.' The Schol. B. on Iliad XXI. 203 makes a singular re- mark ; (V rij} dyopavoniHi^ fOfiu) ' AOT)vaL(i)v oUaTohTai ixOvwv sal iyXf^^^i^f riXrj. As a reason, he gives the C(>iiiniou ojiinicjii that eels are i)roduced (ffuHaravTai) out of mud. H(j(j. The Schol. recognizes lu) for Itljv, dvTl roll iyw. (Com- pare tlie Italian ia.) Meiueke and I)r H()ld< n read Idiv, against all MSH. Tliere Ht^ems no (ob- jection to tlie iiarticijile, 'will yon take tliillicr wlieu you gj) ?' (jOO. 'XOdi/ai^, the dative of place, as sup. 697, ISlapaOuvi p.iu OT Tiixiv. Editors try their hands at some improvement, eV 'Addvai%, 'Addvaa, Sn y iv 'AOdvais, one MS. (perhaps rightly) giving ?vt' for lar, the Kav. oTi y iaT iv. 901. The 'whitebait' from Phakrum were held in estima- tion. Cf. Av. 76. — Kipa/xor, generically, 'crockery.' 'Both of these commodities,' saj'S the Boeotian, 'maybe procured at Thebes; but we have no in- formers.' Sup. 523 the insti- tution was satirically called imxwpioi'. 904. ^^076, 'export. '^—ei/^jyo-d- licpos, 'having had him packed up,' like crockery in straw, or 'having liim fastened on your back.' Inf. 927 is in favour of the former se-nso. In 929 t'j'S?;- aov T(p i,cvifi is again amljiguous, '))ack up for' or 'tie upon' tho stranger. Meineke here omits tho verse, without llie slightest reason but 'susjiicion.' — vr} tw <7(w, 'by Aiii|plii(]n and /ietlius, I might indeed get a good jirofit by taking him, like 0. monkey 92 APISTOANOT:S eti^ wcnrep Kepafiov ivSrjadfxevo'i. BOI. v^ tw o"to', Xa(3oi/iii jJievTciv Kip8oav(jt) rrpo'i rolaSe. BOI, ti aSi/cetyu.ej'o? ; NIK. iyco ^pdaw aoL twv TrepiearrcoTaiv ■)(dpt,v. 915 i/c Twv TToXefxlcov elcrdyeiavwv. See 819. We have a'iv€iv riva inf. 914, 93S. Equit. 300. 909. oLTrav KUKov. ' All there is of him is — had.' Said irapa. •rrpoahoKlav for a-yadov, as in ICquit. 184, ^vveibivaL tL fj.oi doKiis aavTi^ — koXov, and KaKojs for KoKios Av. 134. 910. ToSS' ifia, as Tof (Tov rod irp^crj3eu$ sup. 93. 911. Aevs for Zei)s is from the Scholia. 912. riSal KUKhvlASS. Elms- ley omitted KaKov as a gloss, and read Tavrayi. Bergk retains the viilgate, though unrhythmi- cal ; Meiueke, after Eentley, has Tt 5^ KaKov TTadwv, and so Miiller and Holden. Perhaps Kal tL KaKOV K.T.\. 913. The ^rs. Eav. has 77'pa;, which may perhaps be retained, though ijpa has good authority (Par. A.). The usual phrase is Tb\ep.ov al'pecrdat, as Aesch. Suppl. 439. — opvaweTioLCTi, Schol. clvtI toO opuiois. u)s irrl idvwv 5i X^yei. 914. doiKetfievo^ {aSiKei/j.ei'os Ehnsl. ), for rjdi.Krjp.evos. 915. x^P^"- He condescends to make an explanation for the benefit of the company. (A knot of people, we are to sup- pose, had gathered round the in- former.) This wick (he says, cf. 874) in the first place is con- traband, in the next, it might set fire to the dock. The pro- found suggestion, especially with the explanation that follows, of course raises a laugh against in- formers' logic. — TheMSS. have e/c Twv TToXepIwi' y, but the Aldine omits ye, which is here certainly out of place. 9 1 7. iireiTa k.t.X. And do you then make a icick throw a light, you wick-ed wretch ?' (Properly, 'do you inform against me by means of a wick?') Cf. 826. AXAPNH^. 93 vr.^i vv\ M^V^^ t)v. Much has been written on the question whether this word means (i) a Httle boat, a synonym of (2) a straw of the rice- plant, Pliny, N.H. 18. 20.4; (3) some kind of water-beetle, fi^ox Kavdapu^oa, Schol. The authori- ties, which about eciually ba- lance, arc fivfiiiii Miilkr's note. The 'reed -mace,' tijphn in Eng- lish botany, ti'^t; in TJieophnis- tus, may Ije the same word in the second sense; and if differ- ent, ^j r\i, 'uiattiug.' Cf. 72. 928. The MSS. give (pip.n>ui, the reading of Elmsley, which is also much 94 APISTO^ANOTS XOP. evSr]crov, w /SeXrio-re, ra> crrp. av ixrj ^epwv Kara^r). AIK. i[io\ /jLe\y](T€t ravT, iirel TO I Kal "ifrocjiei XdXov n Kai TTvpoppayei^ KdWu)<; Oeolaiv e'^dpov. XOP. TL ')(^pr]a6Tai ttot atrcp; 935 AIK. 7rdy)(^pr]aTov ayyo<; earai, KpaT})p KaKcov, Tpiinrjp Slkcou, "VwOVr?^ (paiveiv VTrevdvvov^ \v)(i'ov- '<•'*-'-■' ^09, Aral KvXi^ Ttt Trpdyiiar iytcvKdaOat. XOP, TTCO? 8' dv 7T€1TQi9oi7] ridvTriv, but wrongly (I tliink) explains 'take tliis man and aiijjly him as your engine against any informer j'ou like.' The Schol. rightly ex- ]dains it, irpo^ iravra Si avKocpdu- rr)v dvTl TOV elwitv (rwpbv. — irpo- jiaW, the reading of Aldus, adopted by Bergk, has rather a different sense, like that of tossing food to a dug. Cf. Nub. 489 — 91. boph. Aj. 830. 06 APIXTO^^ANOTS XOP. aX)C, w ^eva>v ^eXria-re, "fcrvv- Oepi^e Kal tovtov Xa^wv Trpocr^aXK' oiroi fiovXei (fiepcov 950 7r/)09 iravra avKO(f>dvTT]v. AIK. /jLoXt<; 7 ivehrjcra tov /ca/co)? a-noXovfievov. aipov Xa^ouv top Kepa/xov, (o BoictTte. 'Vvwv'Cv BOI. VTTOKVTrre rav TvXav hav, ^Icr/xrjvfy^e. j^y,^ AIK. yooTrw fxeTahovvai rwv Ki-^Xaiv, rptoov Bpa'^^jjLCov §' eKeXeve KwTraS' ey^eXvu. ^-,2. ixo\is. See 890. MS S. here give ^/cAeuo-e, but the • 954. vwoKVTTTe K.T.X. See on imperfect is generally used in 860 — I. Ismenias is here ad- narrating a command, as iu 6«'o- dressed in a diminutive, as fidi^uv and ovo/xd^ecrdai. Ci. loe,!, 'Afxvvras, in Theocr. vii. 2, is JQ73. A servant of Lamachus 'A/j-vvTixos inver. 132. comes ujj and demands for his 955. /caroio-eis, 'muid you carry master a share in the good him down into the country care- things. He offers to pay ; but fully.' Compare KarairXeti', Kara- the diirunid ismore thanDicaeo- yeaOai, of ships coming to laud. ijolis will submit to. From this 956. ttoVtw?, 'anyhow,' or scene, as Miiller remarks, to 'it is true that you will be talcing the end of the play the contrast goods of little worth, but still is drawn between the blessings be careful,' d\X opws ei/'KajSou of peace and the horrors and dis- (not ciaeis, as Miiller gives it). comforts of the war. — 8paxjJ.TJs, 95S. evSai/xouT^aeis. 'You'll be 'for this drachma,' or 'at the a lucky fellow as far as inform- price of.' Cf. 812, 830. — Tpiwv ers are concerned,' i.e. we have Bpaxu-'Sv, not, perhaps, the real plenty more of them for you at price of an eel, but specified to Athens. Miiller misses the jjoint show how much that deUcacy iu translating quiete vivas. was prized. 959. §warpih. Cf. Pac. 1147. 961. es toi>s Xoos. For keep - Horn. Od. XII. 124, ^uarpeiv re ing the 'Feast of the Flasks,' KparaiiV. an old vintage-custom on tlic 960. eK^Xeve Elmsley. The second day of the Anthesteria. AXAPNHS. 97 AIK. o 7ro2o<; OLTO^ Aa/xa^o? rrjv ey^^eXvv ; 0EP. 6 B€iv6)v Topyoia TTaWei, Kpahalvoiv rpet? KaraaKiou^ \o(j)Ov^. AIK. ovK av /xa A/', el 8oi7) yi fj-ot ttjv aairiZa' 966 aXA,' eVl raply^ei rovr], Tovovs crdti, Kpdvovi x"^'^'^!^'^- I'S'C- 1173, Tpeii \60ous ^x^"'''"" 966. Trjv daTvida is said Trap' virovoiav for Tr}v ^vxr'v. — eiri rapLXft, 'no! let him shake those crests of his over salt fi-h,' i.e. the (tlti rifMipQv rpiuv. See Pac. 563. inf. 1 lor. The old reading was iirl rapixv, cor- rected by Uobree and Keiske. The Schol. probably had the dative, for Tapixv (cOliov bir- \i(^(tOu piiints to the iditm Toidv (tf) d\l, sup. 835. Dr Holden also thinks KpaSaiv^Tv is put napa irpoAN0T5: ujv tu /J,ev cv OLKia '^pi/ai/jLa, tu o av TrpeTrei ^^Am^ jv^-vw^v^I yr\ca£a KareaOietv. 975 } avTufiara ttuvt ciyaOd rwBe ye Troptterai. ! ovSeTTOT fc'7co TloXefiov ockuS' vrroSe^ofiai, ovSe Trap e/xot ttotc t6i> ' Ap/j,6SLov acrtTat 980 ^vyKaraK.XiveL'i, utl Trapolvio's dvrjp €(f)v, V)MuJ^ ocTTi'^ eiTo TvciVT djad' e'^ovTa<; i'mK(ofiacrai\oT7ialav, sc. KtjKiKa, ' this loving-cup.' — rds x°-P°-Kas, Pac. 612, us 5' dVaf r6 Trpuorov S.kov(t' e\p6(pr]ff(v fi/x7r/jov(i, in allusion to the refusal suy). 966. 9^9. Tciof TO. iTTfpd. It would seem from rdde that the Cliorus were on the stage; at least, they were on the raised })lat- form on the orchestra, near enough to see pretty closely the {'•uthers tliat liad been thrown out Vjy Dicaeoi>olis tf» show the good cheer in proparittion. 990. d.fia, with the imper- fect, as Bup. 90. Pac. 22, .=,''6. Kf|uit. 382. ' lovely I'earie ! foster-sister of Cypria the fiiir Hud tho-e dear Ciraees ! Ah! little did w«' know all this titiio how bnautirnl wms your eonnte- nance 1 ' Coinj>are I'ac. 61.S, ravr' &p' evirpba lottos ■tjv (dp-qvri), oCja (Ti'-y-yerTjs (Kelvov. iroXXd^' Tjfids \avOdvu. Peace, says the Schol., is favourable to mar- riage and to festivity, and thus to Cypris and the Charites. For the personification of AiaX- \a-yT] see Lysist. 114. 991. TTOJs dv K.T.X. ' that some Cupid would take and bring you and me together, like the god in the picture, with a chaplet of flowers on his head ! ' Some well-known painting of Eros is alluded to, tlie Scbol. says by Zeuxis, wliicrh is likely, as he had come to Athens at the beginning of the wai-. Aeseh, Emn. 50, etS'jv ttot' y'Sr; 4'o-^a)S yeypafifx^vai btiTTvov l. 1 134. The ])hras'' is, III' course, uuibiguous: see i'-qiiit. 7-2 100 AP12T04>AN0TS Svw^ ^'J^i^'" TrpaiTa fiev av d [jbTreXi^o^ ('PX^^ eXacra t fiaKpoi', eira irapa rovhe vea fxoa-^iSia a-VKiBoov, 996 Kal TO rpiTQV 7]fj,eplSo<; op^ov, 6 lyepMV oBl, Koi irepl TO y^wpiov i\aoaLKoyeu)pyos dWTjyopii cJs ijijj. 7]/j.epis, a cultivated vine, winch we caunot distiogui.sh from a.p.Tre\is. Od. v. 69, Tjixeph 'r)jJ;ta(Ta, reOriXei 5^ aracpi'XfjaLV. I'or fiocrxos, a young shoot, cf. II. XI. 105, 'I57;s iv Kvrip.oL(n 5i8rj ixdaxow \vyoL(TLv. — For ?>(j-x_ov, • a row,' most of the copies inot. however, the Schol.) give kXol- Sor. Dind. gives oaxov (=pibff- Xov) with Elmsley, Sfoc Bergk. — irepl TO x'^P^°''t ' round the farm.' Lucret. v. 1374, 'atqne (ilearum caerula distinguens inter plaga currere posset.' 1000. The festivities (sup. i)f>i) now begin in oar)ie!-t. The feasting in the fanner's bouse, and the contrast \sith the sufferers from the war in various ways, conclude this play equally with the ' Peace.' ib. cLKovsTe. A formula of heralds' proclamation, Pac. 5 j, i . Av. 448, where KiXevw is sup- pressed. — vrro, 'to the notes of,' sup. 970. J 002. The prize for him who could drink off his flask or tankard first, was a skin of wine (1202, 1230). Schol. iri- 6cTo 5e d(T .OS Tr(u)i> eoprfi, ecp' ov ^Sei Tovs TTiVocras TTpiis dytova (ardvai, /cat Tov TrpQrov TTLOvra cJs viKrjcravra 'Xa/j.Sdvfif dfff.dv. Like the j aniji- ii)g or hopping upon greased daKoi, itnctos j)i'r utres, at the 'Acr/ciiXio, the fun consisted in tlie probability of a fall. Here the name of some pot-bellied sot is given instead of that of the wine-bag. MilUer quotes a passage of Antiphanes, roCrcf ovu 5t' olvo\vylav Kal Trdxos rou aui^aro? daKov KaXoOai iravra OUTTlX'^ptOl. 1005. ctj'a^/odrTfij', 'to braise." seems applied to the cooking of AXAPXIIS. 101 TO, Xaycoa Ta^€(o<^, toi'? crT€(f>avou<; uveip ere. r'^''"'^ (f)epe Tov<; tjSeXiaKovi, 'iv avuTreipco ra? Ki-)^a^. XOP. ^i]Xaj ae Tfj. AIK. Kara aeavrov vvi' rpeiTOv. FEn. cS (piXTare, (XTTOpoal jdp elart vpidif aiu-qpa Kivrpa. hiairtliiai fi.iaoi'. 1009. tmWov hi, i.e. kol In HaWov. For the syntax of f/;\i5 Hee Equit. H.^7, i;7\\w ae rjjt evyXuiTTlas, (In Vesj). 1450 read i'r)\c!) at riji eiJri'X'os, 6 irpiajiui ol mriarri k.t.K.) loi.j. A'ai Toi/7-'. 'There, too, I think j^ou are right,' viz. in fancying I shall cnvj' you.— virocTKaXeve, ' rake out the ashes from the bottom of the grate,' — addressed to one of the ser- vants. 1015. TjKOuaai «■ T.X. 'Do 3'ou hear how cookishly and spiANOTS AIK. Tt S' eiraOe.^ ; FEQ. eTrerpi'/Srjv aTToXecra^ rw ySoe. AIK. iroOev ; FEn. airo ^vXi]'? eka^ov ol J^oiooTioi. AIK. cu rpi.aKa/co8ai/x(ov, eJra XevKOif a/x7re;^ei ; FEn. Kol ravra fievrot vt) At" twTrep fjb iTpe(f)€T7jv 1025 ^€i> TTuat ^oXtTOt?. AIK. elra vvvl rov Biei; FEfl. arroXcoXa ruxpuaX/xo) SaKpvoyi' roj /3de. aXX e'i Ti KtjSet AepKerov ^vXaaiov, VTrdXei-^ov elpyji'T] /xe rccxpOaX/jLU) faj^v. AIK. aW', u) TTOV-qp , ov 8r]/io(Ti€i(ov Tvy)(ava).r iO%xy TEQ. t^ avTi/3o\(a a, rjv 7r&>9 KO/jLi(TO)fxat roo /See. AlK. ovK ecTTiv, uXXd KXae irpo^ tov YinToXov. rEfi, av K dXXc'i fjLOi, crTaXayp,ov €tp)]pr} "consoijitum," or redundant. A. Miiller refers to Yesp.92 and Lysist. 671. — Trej^' ?ti}, 'if only for five years.' Cf. avrai fxif (1v- X^5, a deme of the Oeneid tribe, bytween Athens and Thebes. 1024. XevKov, i.e. you ought to put on mourning for their loss. — j3o\iToi.s. lit. 'in cow-dirt,' meaning ev wacnv dyaOoTs. So Equit. 658, Kaywy' ore orj 'yvuv TOi^ ^oXiroLS ijTTrjfxei'Oi, for ^oQv apidfji'^. 1029. {iiraXuxj/ov. Anoint the eyelids underneath, as in the treatment of ophthalmia, Plut. 10.^0. 01' — Tvyx^"'^- ' I •'im not at present the parish doc- tor.' Miiller quotes Plat. Gorg. p. 455 B, orap wepl iarp-Jiv aipe- crtus y rfi TroXei crvXXoyos. Add p. 514 D, ei iTTLX^ipriaavTis &■/]• poffLeveiv irapeKa\ovp.ev ciXX^Xoi/s cjs LKavol laTpol oyres. Apol. p. 32 A, dvayKcioy iari rov rt^ ovri p-axovfJ-evov vwip rod oixaiov, Kal ei /ueWet 6\iyov xt'^^o" crwOriae- adai, lbi.(j}TtviLV dWa. p.r) STjp.o(n- eiieLy. The Schol. gives a se- condary sense, ' my position is not that of a public man,' ov KoLf-Q iiTTTnadpTjv, Tovfierrt avf T7J TToXet. idia 5^ xai ep-avn^ p6vu>. The public medicine- man at Athens at this time was Pittalus, inf. 1222. Vesp. 1432, ovTtj} 5e Kal av Trapdrpex' f'S '''d UlttoKov, so. bditiara. Here the copies vary between tov and Toi's, se. /xadtjrds. Eergk adopts the foru)er, which is the read- ing of MS. Eav. in 1232. 1 03 1. Tib p6e is put Tap' virovoiav for ra)06'aX,uw. 1033. ail 6' dXXd. See on 191. AXAPNHS. 103 AIK. ov6 av crTpi^iKi KLy^ ' aXA,' cnrLoov oifxw^e ttov. TEil. ol'fMnc KaKoBaifKov toIi> yea)pyoli> ^oiBiocv. IO36 XOP. fif //p dvevpi]Kev rt rat^ ~^ ^ (TTTovhalaiv J/St;, «olV eot- /cei/ ouSeft fiGTaBoocrew. ^ , AIK. Kard'x^et au rij^ %2£i2'» ''"O /"■t'Xi" y-^^^^^^040 ra? (rrj-rria<; ardOeve. ti/)/{fU XOP. n«:ouo-a ^*^5^ iva /jLt) arpaTevoLT, dXkd ^tvotrj fxevoov, 69 rbv uXd^aarov KvaOov elpi]vri<; eva. 1035. ot'o' tv, sc. iyx^ai/xi. The adverb is unique in its kind, and of uncertain orif,Tn. 10.^7. Tais airovdais, ' by llis treaty.' Dobree'.s conjecture, ev- fv.irjKtv, Ibou^h probable, is quite unnef-essHry. 1 04 1. ff^dOevf (to an attend- ant), ' broil the cuttle-fish ' (or perhaps, ' tlie pieces of cuttle- fish '). Some parts of this un- f/iiiniy creature are still used for food. Eccles. 126, winreft el Tt! tTTiwiait TrwYwi'i vepioqjdtv iaTaOaiaivaii. ibid. 554. — ^o/)- 5/jt, 'chitterlinKH,' portions of the entruil, still eat.-n with relish by country people. For tlu! Rf^iiitive ff. 245. 1042. 6p6i.au liiruv, his com- niainls uttered in a loud voice that all may hear them. 1048. Enter a bridegroom's " best man," with a request that his newly-married friend may be exeinjited from service for the honeymoon at least. — Kpea, slic^es of meat from the marriage-feast, a common pre- sent, especially at a sacrifice. Pac. 192, iiKtii 5i Kara ri; T. to. Kpla Tavri ffoi (p^pwif. Theoor. V. 139, Kal rii 5i 0)'(ras rais NiV'/'tt's Mo^ffcovi Ka\6v Kpiat 1053. o.\a^a.i "XCbK-Koc^aXapa Sco/aara KTVirel; AV.X.lkvat, (T eKeXevou ol arpaTip/ol T}']fi€pov Ta-)(^6(oia- bly. 1076. iivb, 'about tlie time of,' viz. at tl)o prerient festival, anrl when least expected. — ifi- fiaXttu, the future. lo.Si. ffi'. Emphatic: ' Ynu have the luugh a(^uiust mo now,' as I had before against you, iu calling }'ou tttojxos, &c. (.^77). 1082. reTpawTiKip, irap i'tt. for rpiffwudro}, Aesch. Ag. S70. Probably he holds to his fore- head, or puts on his head, like a crest, one of the four-wi)iged locusts, T(TpairTfpv\\l5cs, sup. 871. Perliaps the old fashion of wearing golden grasshoppers in the hair ( Thue. i. 6) is al- luded to. Tiie general sense (as tlie Schol. explains it) is, ' You can no more contend against me, i.e. my fortune, tlian against a Geryon with three! lives.' 10K4. alai. Ho uses in mock- ery the same interjection, but in our sense of hah! hah! ra- ther than ah/ ah! So 0*0 oc- casionally is a mere note of surprise. — rlva 5' aO fioi, per- haps Tiv tp.ol av, as emjjhabi:-! on tiie pcrsou is ret^uired. lOG api5:toci>anots / ^dBi^e, rriv KLcnriv \a,8a)v koX tov yoa. / 6 rov Aiopvaou yap a lepev's fxeTciTrefiTreTat,. aXX ejKOvei' Senrvelv KaraKwXvei'i TrdXac. rd 8 dXXa irdi'T iarlv TvapearKevaajxeva, kXlvai, rpdire^at,, 7rpo(TK6(f)d\aia, ar pro jjuara ,lO<^0 crre^avoL, /mvpov, rpayy'ifj,a6\ at iropvai irdpa, \ ; aj^uXoc, TrXa/coOfTe?, a'r]aa/J.ovvre'i, Irpia, op^r]aTpiB6v eyw. AIK. KoX yap av fjbeydXrjv e7reypd<^ov rt)v Vopyova. avyKXete, kuI helivvov ra ii'aKevai^erco. 1 096 1086. KiaTrjv, a box like that nsed by modern cookrf iu carry- ing hot viands. Each guest brought his own food, in part at least, the host lending the house and supplying the accessories to the feast. — xoa, an irregular accusative, following the ana- logy of xaes and xJas, from xoPs. Others read xoa, as from xoet's. 1087. iepevs- The priest of Bacchus, who sat as the repre- Bentative of tbe god in a seat of honour in the theatre (Equit. 536. lian. 297), appears to have given a grand entertainment on tbe ' Feast of Pitchers.' 1088. Sdirueiv, ' from sitting down to dinner.' Hence we infer the Greek custom of wait- ing till all the guests were pre- sent. 1092. d/j.v\oi, 'sponge-cakes' (mentioned for their softness in Theoc. IX. 21); ariaaixouvTfs, ' seed-cakes ; ' iVpta, ' sweet- cakes,' made with honey. 1093. opxT^TpiSe^. 'Dancing- girls, the favourites of Harmo- dius, — pretty girls too.' Cf. Alcest. 340, cv 5' avTcdovffo. t^j iuT]! TO, (piXrara \pvxv^ ^(ruxrat. Philoct. 434, HdrpoKXos 6s croC Trar/jos rjv tci (pikraTa. Tbe Schol. explains, rd eis 'Ap/j,65iov ffKoXia aafxara, as sup. 980; but this involves an awkward lii/pcr- baton of KaXai. to which it is hard to lind a parallel, unless indeed giOoviTai or dpxovfj.evai be sup- posed to govern rd (pLXrara. 1095. eTreypd(pou. ' Yes ! for (instead of preparing dinner) you were getting the Gorgon painted on your shield as large as life.' There is a double sense, ' you were enrolling your- self under a bad demon for patron,' and therefore were truly KaKooaifji'rsp. Pao. 684, avTUj iro- VTjpjp TrpO(JTdTT}v eireypaipaTO. Oed. R. 411, uxTT ov Kpeoj'Tos TTfiocTTdTou yeyodxpo/uLai. We may ])erhaps explain ix^ydX-rjv by bei- vqv. ' The Gorgon you were getting painted was a terrible demon indeed.' 1096. avyK\eie, sc. ttju otKiav. Sup 479, KXeie TTTjATTa 5(j}pdTU}y. — efffKevaj^hii), supply tj Kiary. 107 AXAPNHS. AAM.Trat, iral, (pep e^o) Sevpo top ], Tral, Oplov' 07rr)i(7(o S' eKel. AAM.6fe7«6 Bevpo t(jo Trrepoo t&j V rov Kp as Kpt' (iavlrai and Ki/Wt/iuvras in ma 108 APISTO^J^ANOTS ^f ^^ AAM.aXV ?] TpL')(^6/3p(or6 yaXKUd ivopdo 'yipovra SeiA.ia? (pev^ovfievov. ''a AIK. Kurd^ei (ri) to fxeXi. KauOdd" evBriXos^^jepcov I 1 30 KXdeiv KeXeiwv Adjjba'^^ov rov Topjua-ou. AAM.^e'yoe Sevpo, ttul, Owpaica TroXefiLa-rrjpLOU. AIK. e^aipe, Trat, 6(6paKa Kd/iol tov ^oa. AAM. eV TftJoe 7rpo<; rovnt Miilli'r cites several authorities to show that irXaTui was the receiveil epithet. He comimres also I'uc. 814, wv KaTaxpf.u-^O'- fUvt) fiiya K0.I vXarv. 1 1 i(j. ivopQ, ' I see the re- flexion f»f an old man who will be tried for cowardice.' A joke iiu prosecutions f,')r aarpaTiii. or XiitoTd^iov. Kquit. 368, oia.^o- /xctt ae Sa\ias. Plut. 382, bpui Tiv iwl TOV ^rip.aT0i Kadc5oup.tvov. Scliol. eicl yap rwes oi iv f'Xaiy opGivTis fxavTtvovTac. II 30. yiijujv, tiie same old mau you speak of, viz. myself. — Vopydcrov, a feigned name (like lIjj7oiroi;) to imitate the Gorgon on the shield. Lama- chus was, as Miiller remarks, the son of Xenophiines, Tlnu-. VI. 8. — KivOa'ie. i.e. in the brlKlit surface of the himey on tlie cake. 1 1 33 — 5. OJipa^ and 6uiprifj, tov fieXecov '7T0i)]Tr]v, "" I150 1 1 42. Miiller thinks a dis- tich was the original reading, "quumtota hac scena versus ver- sni accuratis.-ime respondeat." There seems an exception how- ever at 1 1 14 — 6. though we must allow something to the change of person. But a line beginning Tr)v KiaTio alpov might have dropped out from its re- semblance to the preceding. 1143. . ire xai/3ocT€s seems addressed to Lamachus and his attendants, x'^'poi'res being added in irony, but ipx^adov is addressed to the two principals, Lamachus and Dicaeopolis. Miiller acutely remarks that this formula is a common com- mencement of a 7ra/;d/3acrts, as in Eq. 498. Pac. 729. Nub. 510. VesiJ. loog. This passage is a kind of fTri.ppr}fid.TLov, as sup. 664. It is simply a strophe and anti- strophe of choriambic, logaoe- dic, iambic, and antispastic, preceded by eight anapaestic verses. The subject, being per- sonal to the Chorus, may fur- ther justify the name of para- basis which Miiller gives to it. 1 145. TiS fi^v, sc. 656s ecTTi, Miiller sujiplies yevrjcrerai. 1149. ^Avrifiaxov. This man, mentioned also in Nub. 1022 as a low dirty fellow, was choragns in the year when the play of the AairaXers was brought out under the name of CaUistratus. If the Chorus are here speaking in their own, and not, as Miil- ler thinks, in the poet's name, it would follow that the same chorus acted in both plaj's ; for they complain that they were not asked to the dinner to com- memorate the victory of the former play. Cf. sup. 300. Plat. Symp. p. 173 a, ore rfj TpwTrj Tpay(.i)dig, iviK-qcrev 'Aya- dCov TTJ varepalq. rj to, eViW/fia idvev avrds re Kai ol xop^^Tai. Antiraachus was nicknamed 6 4'a/rj is corrupt, as tbe metre of 1161 bLows. It is tbongbt to have crept in from a confusion of tbis Autimachus with oue who was a prose-writer. (Schol. on Nub. 1022.) Elmsley's correc- tion, riv ixeXfou, seems proLable. 1 154. x'^l'Vy^''} 'when clio- ra;;us at tlie Jvcnaea.' — For ciTre- k\(i(j€ ficnri'wv (MS. Kav. ) there is a readinR aTr^Xvcr' S-ohttvov, 'dismissed witliout a dinner,' and 80 BerKk. Dind., Meineke, Holden. The Scbol. explains tills latter reading by avcKXuae biinvwv. 1 1 56. iiriSoip-i. ' ^Fay I yet live to see liim wantin;^' a meal on cuttle-fish (1041), and may it, ready cooked and liissinp- hot, be laid on the table and niove towards him like a ship rominpf to shore.' There is Home obscurity in the epithet irripoXoi, which would Bcem to be a play between the well- known trireme so-called, and the tish being laid by some salt. The reading Trap' dXos, ' recens capta,' adopted by Miiller and I)r Holden from Thiersch, is hardly good Greek for e^ d\6s. It is probable that, like the Roman mfn>.' qlgijirj}j)n, \a/jL7rc'iSLov rrepl to o^ugpz/.^ ^V>vw^^ KCLL TO (T(j>VpOV TTaXlVOppoP i^EKOKKlOe, VV^fciVW^ *^ Kol T?;? /cecpaXfji Kareaye nrepl Xtdov rreawv, T'.CV VVliTliip 'OpecTTTj, yV/Ml'bs 7]V ■jr\r)ytls vir' avTou iravra Tain- bi^La. See also ihid. "jit, elra 5' 'OpiaTyj x^aivav iia\rj! peya. acfi'jup'i. Here perhaps we should read /car^a^e. CI'. 1166. AXAPXHS 113 Kol Topyov i^>]jeipev gk t/;? acnrlSo^. I181 tttlXov Se TO fieya KoinroXaKvOov ireabv^i^**^**^ i'v^rtvAVv TT/ao? rat? irerpaicn, heivou i^rjvSa //.eXo?" to KKetvov u/ui/u,a, vvv Travvcrrarov a t'Scof XeiTTco (f)do) It) xcupe Aa/u,a')(^l7r7nov. AAM. GTvyepb'i iyoo. AIK. fiojepof; eyco. AAM. Ti //.e au Kvvei SaKveis ; ' Why do you vex me so?' Then Dicaeopolis, speaking to the girl on his knee and taking ddnvfis literally, aptly replies tI /xe ah kvvu%\ 'And why do you, kiss me ? ' 1 2 1 o. |u^/3oX ^s, ' enconn ter. ' The reply is, 'Who ever thought of taking counters (tokens in payment ; but literally ' contri- butions ') at the Feast of the Pitchers ? ' Or we may render the words by ' heavy charge ' and 'making a charge.' 12 1 1. Tots Xoi/ffi ris ffyUjSoXat ff ^Trparrfv; is the conjecture of Bergk. AXAPNH2. 115 AAM. to) tct) Jlaiau Tlaiav. A IK. aW ov)/l vvvl Ti'jfxepov TlaLciwia. AAM.Xa./Secr^e /jlov, \dj3ea6e rov aKe\ov6i yf. 'Die con- 1227. TTiufWa. This wfird ditions of vietory were (1) to was a vocal imitation of the drink up the cup flrst ; (2) to 116 APIST0AN0T2 AXAPNHS. XOP. Tt'jveWd vvv, u) id€os, 46, 129, 175 dvafiddrjv Troteiv, yjcj, 4 10 dfavei/eic, 6 1 1 dvawfiptiv, 1007 di'tttre/et;' jioijv, 347 d;'ax;''oiatvetJ', 791 'AirZ/xaxos, 1 150 df«oic6rtoi, 624, 721, 1023, 1077 Botwroi, 873, 900 fioXiTos, 1026 ^op.pavXtos, 866 (iu/jLos, oaths by, 308 r. yavovcrdai ri, 7 7f7pa/u;u.^cos''K/3uij, 992 Renitive of exclamation, O4, S7 YepTjTodebbuipoi, 605 yevfiara (nrovdu>v, 187 7^1* 7r/)6 7^s, 236 rTypuo^/r/s, 1082 7Xdx'>"', 861, 869 r6/37acroj, 1 1 3 1 yooyouwrot, I [24 T'o/)7d!i', 575, 1095, I 181 ypap-iirj, 483 ypdtjxiv eV rolxoi^, \^^ ypuXXlt^'cip, -j^C) yvXios, 1097, I 138 A. 2f tX/ai ^eiiYftv, 1 1 29 d(X(paKovp.4va, 786 118 INDEX. Ae^iOeos, 14 SepKSTTis, 1028 Aevs= Zei;s, 911 Stj/jLOKpaTelcrdai, 642 8riiJ,offuveiv, 1030 SiaWayr}, 990 5i.airlveiv, biaTreLvrjv, 751 SiaaTpaKprii/ai, 15 AiKai6iro\is, 406, 748, 823, 959, 1048, 1084, 1 196 Ato/cX^s, 774 i\io,aetaXaioj'ej, 605 Siocnijuia, 171 ApoKiiXXos, 612 E. ei's ^vrjc, 172 etra 5' after a participle, 24 'EK/Sdraco, 64, 613 (KKOKKL^eiV, 1 1 89 eKKVKXeiadat, 407 eXarrip, 246 iXvrpov 56paTos, 1 1 20 €ixir\rip.7)v, 237 c'vacrTrtSoCff^at, 368 evTeTevrXavw/xivoi, 894 evTikav tL rivL, 35 1 i^dXenrTpof, 1063 eTraiviaat (to decline a favour), 485^ €Tnypd(p€(Tdai Ti, 1095 fTTtceiyetJ', dcafet'Ei;', 115 ewl^-qvov, 318, 355, 365 eTriTijpelv, 197 eirixoLpi-TTai, 884 fTrixapiTTw, 867 'Illpws yeypap./J.ii'O^, 993 eTvyjpvats, 245 Eua^Xot, 710 Ei!5i//xei'r;s dpx^v, 62 EJptTTiSTjs, 394, 404, 452, 462, 467, 484 Ei;0o/cit57js, 612 fX^oSoTTOS, 226 eye, painted on prows, 95 Z. Zei^s SioTTTijj, 435 — (plXcos, 730 ^Tj/uovv Tiva. 10 KtjpiKTffeLv Tii/a, 748 Kri(piiT65r]iJ.os, 705 KiWi^avres, 1 1 2 2 Klarr], 1086, 1098 KXeiw'as, 716 KXeicrdevTjs, 1 18 KXe'w, 300, 377, 502, 659 KXedivv/jLOi, 88, S44 Koi0-i/pa, 614 KOKKvyes rpeh, 598 KoX\u-o0d7OS, 872 (comttoXtj/cu^os, 589, 1 1 52 Kovia, 1 8 KOTvXiaKiov, 459 KO-^iXoi, 970 Kpaoaiveiv, 965 Kpavaa ttoXis, 75 Kparti/os, 849, 1 172 Kpt^amrai /Soes, 84 aproi, 11:3 KrTjfftas, 839 KrijiK^iii'Tos, 1002 KnooVia, 1199 KvKXo^opeiv, 381 Ki^Tpts, 990 KvaOoi, 782 KojTT^OfS, 883 KojTrats, 880, 962 Kwpixo", 73' A. XaiKacrpiai, 537 AaKpu.T(iorii, 220 Aa/ia;(i7r7rfoi'. 1 lO^ Ad^oxos, .si^f), 575 —6, ■!;90, 614, 625, 722, 960, 1071, 1 115, 1 131, 1174 Xa/x7rd5toi', 1177 XafiKioiov, 34O MpKOi, 333 Xc/(cifioi', I MO hrtvaia xopvyf'i', ' '55 Aiji'aroi', 504 "Ktvapal 'AOijvai, 639 Xi7rapdyu7ri/|, 671 Xoipnov, 1 1 i o Ai'Kti'os, 50 AvfficTTpaTos, 855 M. ^lapa^i)!', 696 Mapadu]vo/xdxo-i, 18 1 JIaptXd57;s, 609 fJ-apiXv, 350 ]Mapi/'iaS, 701 ixaarapv^eiv, 689 3Ie7apers, 5 '9' 533— 5» ^24, 721, 729' 753 lileyapl^eiv, 822 M€7apoi, 758 fiedvcroKorrajioi, 525 fxe/juXTUfj-evov axoiviov. 2 2 IJ.eTot.Koi, aixvpa. twv aarOiv, 508 fiifxapKiii, I I I 2 /ui.LCFdapxiSr)s, 597 /jioixo" KiKapdai, 849 fj.6\vvoTrpayiJ.ovuadai, 38 2 p.ofifj.wu, 582 IMopuxos, 8S7 ^Idtrxo?, 13 flVTTUJTbi', 174 N. vaitppaKTOv p\iwfiv, 95 vewpiov i/xTTpTJcrai, 918 i/eucoiKos, 96 viyXapos, 554 I'tKai' TToXi), 65 I Ni'fcapxo5> 908 virpfcOai, 1075 vvjxcpiVTpia, 1056 ^avBian, 243, 259 ^avOi^-civ, 1047 ^avOov Kp^as, 1 107 ^y/^/ioXai, 1211 0. Odomanti, 156 ofetK (J^uTaro'i/ rti/oi, 193 TTITTTJS, 190 O/l'fl'9, 418 ol(T\nrr)p6ioi, 542 cqaa/j.ouuTfs, 1 09 J "Zi^vpTias, 118 '^ifj.aida, 524 ^icTV(pos, 391 ^irdXKTjs, 134 (TKaXoTres, 879 CKavodXrjdpa, 687 (TKavdi^, 480 ffKriveicrdaL, 6g CKifxaKi^nv, 444 CKOpoU^eiv, 166 CKOTodwiav, 1 2 19 crTTovods TTOietv, Trouicdai, 52, 131 (Tirov8apxl5T]s, 595 ffnvpiOLov, 453, 469 ffradeveiv crrjTrias, 104 1 ariviLv, viroar^vuv, of rowers, 162 (TTpayyeveffOai. i 26 ^Tpdrujv, 122 aTpaTuviSr]s, 596 arpipiXiKly^, 1035 J^Tpvp-booopoi, 273 ffTiafivWfffdai, 5 78 (Ti) 5' dXXd, 19 1, 1033 INDEX. 121 Taivapo^, 510 Tatbs. 63 TeTpairTepvWlofs, 87 i T^\e0o$, 430 — 2, 446, 555 TTiveWa, 1227 — 33 Tiduivbs, 68S 'Yi(rapLevo, 726 tpdrra, 1 105 *ai;XXos, ?I5 4>e\\eiis, 273 (pevywv €K(pvye'iV, 177 (pe^oKos, 279, 666 ^il:ia.\€ip iVxaOss, 802 ^itXoArjjrT/s 6 TTTCJ^OS) 424 omf, 421 (pOpVTQS. 927 4'ii/\duios, 1028 4>i;X7), 1023 ^i/XXeia, 469 (pvoi baKelv, 376 \j/inUoi, 874 0. 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