MiC-?'' 
 
 
 5S<;^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 p'.'>.',>^;-;:' 
 
 
 
 :'<■' 
 
 fj«??:-?J:^ 
 
 
 <^^ 
 
 
 m^:i>iM'&: 
 
 
 m^^r:'^^ ■.■■■ 
 
 
 
 .«=-■ 
 
 rV-" ■^'^/T■•V.■■■ 

 
 MEMOIR 
 
 OF 
 
 RICHARD BUSBY
 
 Three hundred and tiventy copies p>^'i^ited. 
 
 No ^X^.-
 
 ■^WaOiriSi^oataaS'iSc. 
 
 ^'J(ir/ni/J ^'JjuAh^.L
 
 ^EMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 D.D. (1606-1695) WITH SOME ACCOUNT 
 OF WESTMINSTER SCHOOL IN THE 
 SEVENTEENTH CENTURY BY G. F. RUSSELL 
 BARKER 
 
 " Tlie good or ill bringing up of children doth as much serve 
 to the good or ill service of God, our Prince, and our whole 
 countrie, as any one thing doth beside." — R. Asciiam. 
 
 London: LAWRENCE AND BULLEN 
 
 1 6 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN 
 
 MUCCCXCV
 
 UicHARD Ci.AY A Sons, Limitkd, 
 London & Bung a v.
 
 PREFATORY NOTE 
 
 I HAVE to tliank Messrs. Smitli, Elder and Co. for tlieir 
 permission to make use of my article on Dr. Busby wliicli appeared 
 in the Cornhill Magazine for April last, and the editor of Notes 
 and Queries for his permission to reprint Lady Elizabeth Win- 
 wood's interesting letter. My thanks are also due to the Governing 
 Body of Christ Church, Oxford, and to the Dean of AVestminster 
 for allowing the portrait of Busby and the seal of the " Governors 
 of the School and Almshouses of Westminster " respectively to be 
 reproduced for the purpose of this book. I have also to express 
 my obligations to Mr. John Sargeaunt, one of the Assistant Masters 
 of Westminster School, for the chapter which he has kindly con- 
 tributed on the subject of Busby's Account Book, and to Mr. Kneen, 
 the Drawing-Master at the School, for his drawing of the old 
 Kod-drawer and Busby's Chair. To Dr. Kutherford the Head- 
 Master, Mr. Edward Scott the Keeper of the Manuscripts at the 
 British Museum, ]\Ir. Charles Trice Martin the senior Assistant-Keeper 
 of the Record Office, Mr. John C. Thynne the Receiver-General of 
 the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, Mr. George H. Radcliffe 
 of the Cliai)ter Clerks' Office, Mr. Wright the Clerk of the AYorks, 
 the Rev. W. M. Blandford the Vicar of Euttoii, {\w Rev. R. G. 
 Randolph the Vicar of AVillen, Mr. Alan II. Stenning, and to all 
 others who have rendered me any assistance I tender my grateful 
 
 thanks. 
 
 G. F. Russell Baekee. 
 
 20, Old Birildinrjs, 
 Liiicuhi's Inn.
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 CriAPTERH I, II. ANP III 
 
 P.KCK 
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF BU.SBV's LIFE .... 1,24,43 
 
 CHAPTP^R IV 
 bagshawe's quarrel with busby 5.5 
 
 CHAPTER V 
 
 SCHOOL LIFE AT WESTMIXSTER IX THE SEVENTEEXTII CEXTUBV ... 77 
 
 CHAPTER A^I 
 
 busby's ACCOUNT BOOR ... 104 
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 BUSBV's WILL 
 
 APPKXDfX IT 
 
 LIST OF r.USUV TRUSTEES 
 
 ,. 1-2!) 
 
 140
 
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 1. EiCHARB Busby, D.D. Frontispiece 
 
 From the portrait attributed to John Eiley in the Hall of Christ Church, 
 Oxford. 
 
 2. The School-room ... ... ... ... ... ... ... p. 11 
 
 From Eadclyffe's Memorials of JFestminstcr School, 1845. 
 
 3. The Seal of the Governors of the School and Almshouses 
 
 OF Westminster. Obverse ... ... ... ... ... ^?. 23 
 
 From a cast made of an im[)rcs.sion in the possession of the Dean and 
 Chapter of Westminster. 
 
 4. Korth-east Yiew of the Old Dormitory in 1758 ... ... ^>. 33 
 
 From an etching by AV. Courtenay, published in 1760. 
 
 5. The Seal of the Governors of the School and Almshouses 
 
 OF Westminster. Reverse ... ... ... ... ... ^>. 42 
 
 From a cast made of an impression in tlu! possession of the De.in and 
 Chapter of AVestminster. 
 
 6. Richard Busby, D.D. yx 47 
 
 From an engraving by Eobkut White, after a postliumous jiicture of 
 Busby by Hexuy Tilson. 
 
 7. The Old Rod-drawer and Busby's Chair... ... ... ... y). 54 
 
 From a drawing by Jlr. Kneen made in 1895. 
 
 8. College Hall... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ^). 65 
 
 From Piadclyffe's Memwials of Westminster School, 1845. 
 
 9. Great Dean's Yard ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7;. 7G 
 
 From an engraving by J. C. Varrall, after a drawing by J. P. Neale, 
 published in 1822.
 
 Xll LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 10. A King's Scholar ... p. 103 
 
 From an engraving by J. Acvi:, after a drawing by T. U.xwiNs, pulilislicl 
 in 1S16. 
 
 11. A Page of Busby's Account Book ... ... ... ... ^a 119 
 
 From the original book in the possession of the Head-master. 
 
 12. South-west Yiew of Little Dean's Yard ... ... ... p. 127 
 
 From an engraving by ^y. M. Fellows, after a drawing by J. T. Smuii, 
 pnblislied in 1808.
 
 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 SOME ACCOUXT OF HIS LIFE 
 
 His birth, parentage, and education — His performance in Cartwright's Ruijal 
 Slave at Oxfoixl — Appointed Head-master of Westminster School and Pre- 
 bendary of Wells — Ptirliamentary legislation affecting the School, 1642 — 1660 
 — Management of the School entrusted to a committee — Appointment of 
 " Governors of the School and Almshouses of Westminster " — Appointment of 
 Visitors — Busby's position during the Commonwealth — The loyalty of the 
 School — South's Sermon — Robert Uvedale — Services held in Busby's house — 
 Appointment of Busby to a stall in Westminster Abbey — His part in the 
 Coronation of Charles II. and James II. — His illness — His death— His monu- 
 ment in the Abbey. 
 
 Readeks of the Spectator ^ will remember the accouut of Sir 
 Roger cle Coverley's visit to Westminster Abbey, and the reverential 
 awe with which he stood up before Busby's monument exclaiming, 
 " Dr. Busby, a great ]\Ian ! he whipp'd my grandfather ; a very 
 great Man ! I should have gone to him myself if I had not been a 
 Blockhead ; a very great man ! " 
 
 But though Busby, in the words of Anthony Wood,- was "a 
 
 1 March 18, 1712, No. 239. 
 
 ^ Athenoi Osconienses, edited by the Rev. Philip Bliss, 1813-20, vol. iv. p. -118. 
 
 u
 
 2 MEMOIK OB' KICHAED BUSBY 
 
 person eminent and exemplary for piety and justice, an eneourager 
 of vertuous and forward youth, of great learning and hospitality, 
 and the chief person that educated more youths that were afterwards 
 eminent in the Church and State than any master of his time," he 
 is now well-nigh forgotten, and visitors to the Abbey, when they 
 pass by his monument, no longer " look as pale as his marble," ^ in 
 remembrance of his severe exactions. 
 
 Richard Busby (the bi-centenary of whose death occurs this 
 year) was born at Lutton, otherwise Sutton St. Nicholas, in Lincoln- 
 shire, on 22nd September, 1606.- Beyond the fact that he w\as the 
 second son of a certain Richard Busby, one of the Churchwardens of 
 Lutton, who soon after the birth of his second son left Lincoln- 
 shire to reside in Westminster, and that his mother was a 
 sister of Henry Kobinson of that city, and aunt of Thomas 
 Robinson, who became Treasurer of the Liner Temple, and was 
 created a baronet on 26th June, 1681, nothing is known about his 
 parents. That they were poor there can be no doubt, for it appears 
 from the accounts of the Churchwardens of St. Margaret's, West- 
 minster, that young Richard Busby received from the j)arisli £5 to 
 enable him to proceed Bachelor, and a further sum of £6 ISs. Ad. to 
 proceed Master of Arts.^ Though he afterwards assumed the arms 
 of the Busbys of Addington, there is no evidence that he was in any 
 
 * Works of Mr. Thoriucs Brown in Prose and Verse, 1707-8, vol. iii. pp. 46-7. 
 
 - This is the date given on his monument in the Abbey. He was baptized at 
 Lutton on 28th September, 1606, and is described in the Lutton Register simply 
 as " Richard Busby, son of Richard Busby," no mention being made of his 
 mother. 
 
 2 Widmore's History of the Church of St. Peter, Westminster, 1751, p. 227, 
 note. Stukeley in his Itinerarimn Curiosum, 1776, Cent. I. p. 19, asserts that 
 Busby owed his education to the Welbys, an ancient Lincolnshire family.
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 3 
 
 way connected with that family.^ The date of his admission to the 
 School, over which he was destined so worthily to preside, is un- 
 known. It must, however, have been during the Head-mastership of 
 Dr. John Wilson, who is said to have had " a faculty more than 
 ordinary in instructing youth." '^ As there are no lists of minor 
 candidates for this period, there are no means of ascertaining the 
 date of his election on the foundation,^ whence he was elected (it is 
 said in 1624) to a studentship at Christ Church, Oxford. There ho 
 matriculated on 10th February, 1625-6, and graduated B.A. 21st 
 October, 1628, and M.A. 18tli June, 1631. Busby was some years 
 a tutor at Christ Church,^ at which time he was esteemed " an exact 
 Latinist and Grecian, and soon after better for oratory." ^ On 30tli 
 August, 1636, he acted the part of Cratander in Cartwright's Royal 
 Slave before the King and Queen at Christ Church with great ap- 
 plause.^ So brilliant was his success on this occasion, that he 
 
 ^ For a pedigree of this family see Lipscomb's IIistor)j and Antiquities of the 
 Coimty of Buckinyham, 1847, vol. ii. pp. 507-8. 
 
 2 Alumni Westmonaster lenses, 1852, p. 71. 
 
 3 From the tablet in the Dormitory it would appear that Busby was admitted 
 on the foundation as Captain of his Election, but the earlier names on this tablet 
 are open to considerable doubt. 
 
 ■* Though there is no recoi'd of the tutors at Christ Church, thei'O is a list of 
 caution money paid by undergraduates, and this was generally paid through a 
 censor or tutor. By the courtesy of the Kev. T. Vere Bayne, the Keeper of the 
 Archives, I learn that the first payment of caution money by Busby was made on 
 5th October, 1632, and the last on 31st March, 1637. 
 
 ^ Atlioue Oxonicnses, vol. iv. p. 418. 
 
 ** William Cartwiight, the author of the Royal Slave, a Trayi-Comedy, was elected 
 from Westminster to Christ Church in 1628. The music to the songs was written 
 by the celebrated composer Henry Lawes {Hist. MSS. Commission, Sixth Report, 
 part 1, p. 307). George Evelyn of Trinity College, Oxford, alludes to this perform- 
 ance in a letter WTitten to his father at Wotton, and piinted in Memoirs Illustrative 
 of the Life and Writlnys of John Evelyn, 1819, vol. i. p. CG2.
 
 4 ME^IOIR OF EICHAED BUSBY 
 
 seriously tlioiiglit at one time of adopting tlie stage as a profession. 
 Ultimately he took orders, and in 1638 lie was provisionally ap- 
 pointed Head-master of Westminster Scliool, in the place of Lambert 
 Osbaldeston or Osbolston, who in the following year was deprived of 
 all his spiiitual dignities and promotions for calling Archbishop Laud 
 '■ the little Urchin" and " the little medling Hocus-Pocus," and was 
 sentenced to " stand in the Pillory in the Dean's Yard before his own 
 School." 1 
 
 On 1st July, 1639, Busby was admitted to the Prebend and 
 Eectory of Cudworth with the Chapel of Knowle annexed in the 
 church of Wells. On 14th December, 1640, an order of the Dean 
 and Chapter of Westminster was made confirming his appointment 
 to " the office and room of schoolmaster, with his house and lodging 
 thereunto belonging," the yearly stipend of £20, and the sum of 20 
 marks in lieu of " diet." ^ 
 
 Several important enactments affecting the Scliool were passed 
 during the earlier years of Busby's rule. 
 
 On 29tli October, 1642, it was ordered by the House of Commons, 
 " that it be referred to the Committee for the King's Eevenue, to 
 consider of the College of Westminster, the College of Eaton, of 
 
 ^ See Rush worth's Historical Collections, 1721, vol. ii. pp. 803 — 817. 
 
 ^ Extracts from Acts of Chapter of the, Bean and Chapter of Westminster, p. 17. 
 The date given on his monument, viz. 23rd December, 1640, is probably the date 
 of the patent. The stipend of the Head-master had been originally fixed by the 
 Statutes at .£12 a year, but was subsequently raised to £20. Until the appointment 
 of the Governing Body in 1869, the Head-master continued to receive from the Dean 
 and Chapter the yearly stipend of £20, together with £19 '6s. M. in lieu of commons 
 in hall, and the use of the Head-master's house (No. 19, Great Dean's Yard), sub- 
 ject to the nominal rent of 6s. 2(/. per annum. See Dr. Scott's evidence before the 
 Public School Commission, Parliamentary Papers, 1864, vol. xxi. p. 411.
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 5 
 
 Christ Church in Oxon., and Winchester to provide ^r those 
 Colleges ; that none of their Revenues, assessed for the Scholars 
 and Alms-men of those Colleges, may be stopped, or the Payment 
 thereof interrupted notwithstanding the ordinance of sequestring 
 the Rents and Profits of Archbishops, Bishops, Deans, Deans and 
 Chapters, etc." ^ On 2nd November following a resolution was 
 carried " that none of the Rents, Revenues or Profits of the Dean and 
 Chapter of Westminster assigned for the maintenance of the Scholars 
 and Almsmen of the Foundation of the said Collegiate Church of 
 Westminster be stopt, or the Payment thereof interrupted notwith- 
 standing the order of both Houses for secjuestering Rents, Profits and 
 Revenues of Archbishops, Bishops, Deans, Deans and Chapters, and 
 that the Receiver of the College do receive the rents as formerly ; 
 and the Steward the other Provisions." ^ 
 
 On 20th February, 1642-3, it was resolved " that the Colleges of 
 Westminster, Eaton, and Winchester be added and comprehended 
 within the order of the I7tli February concerning the imposing upon 
 Young Scholars the Wearing of Surplices." ^ 
 
 On 13th January, 1643-4, a committee was appointed " to inquire 
 into the state of the Collegiate Church at Westminster and into 
 the Abuses, and to present unto the House what they think fit 
 to be done in the matter." ^ On 22ud April, 1644, it was ordered 
 
 ^ Journals of the House of Commons, vol. ii. p. 827. 
 
 ■^ ibid. vol. ii. pp. 830-1. 
 
 3 ibid. vol. ii. p. 972. The order of 17th February, 1642-3 was as follows : 
 '' That the Htatute made in the University of Cambridge, which imposeth the wear- 
 ing of Surplices upon all Graduates and Students under sevei'al pains, and reinf oi'ced 
 by the Canons of 1603, ought not to be pressed or imposed upon any Student or 
 Graduate, it being against Law and Liberty of the Subject" {ibid. vol. ii. p. 969). 
 
 * ibid. vol. iii. p. 36.5.
 
 6 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 that " all Persons wliatsoever belonging unto or that have any 
 Dependence upon, the Collegiate Church of Westminster clo take 
 the National Covenant in the said Church, upon Saturday next, 
 at Four of the Clock in the Afternoon : And Dr. Smyth or Mr. 
 Gibson are desired to administer the same, and see it subscribed 
 accordino' to former Directions." ^ 
 
 On 8th May following an order was made " that the Plate 
 latel}' found, that belongs unto the College of Westminster, now 
 in the Possession of Sir Robert Harley, be forthwith melted ; and 
 the Proceed of that Plate be disposed by the Committee appointed 
 for the Collegiate Church of Westminster, or any five of them, for 
 such Uses concerning the said Collegiate Church, and to such 
 Servants, Workmen, and others as they shall think fit." ^ 
 
 By an ordinance of the Lords and Commons dated 1 8th November, 
 1045,-'^ the government of the College and Collegiate Church of 
 Westminster was consigned to a committee of thirty-three persons, 
 eleven lords and twenty-two commoners. The members of this 
 committee were the Earl of Northumberland, Earl of Pembroke, 
 Enrl of Nottingham, Earl of Denbigh, Earl of Manchester, Vis- 
 count Saye and Sele, Lord Willoughby, Lord North, Lord 
 ]\Iontague, Lord Roberts, Lord Howard, Mr. Solicitor,^ Mr. Rous, 
 Sir AValter Earl, Mr. Wheeler, Sir Robert Harley, Mr. Maynard, Sir 
 Gilbert Gerrard, Sir AYilliam Strickland, Mr. Ashurst, Sir John 
 
 ' Jonrncds of the House of Commons, vol. iii. p. 468. 
 
 2 ihid. vol. iii. p. 486. Sir Robei't Harley was the Chairman of the Committee 
 for demolishing superstitious monuments in the cities of London and Westminster. 
 
 2 Journals of the House of Lords, vol. vii. pp. 710-11. See also pp. 663, 673, 
 676, 678, 702, 705. 
 
 ^ Oliver St. John, afterwards Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 7 
 
 Clotwortliy, Mr. Reynolds, Mr. Gurdon, Mr. Lisle, Mr. Recorder,^ 
 Sir William Masham, Sir Robert Pye, Sir John Trevor, Mr. Salwey, 
 Mr. Hoyle, Sir John Dryden, Sir Henry Vane, junior, and Bulstrode 
 Whitlock, Esq. 
 
 To this committee, " or any seven or more of them," was given 
 " the same and like Power and Authority, to all Intents and Pur- 
 poses, as any Dean and Prebends have, or of right ought to have 
 had, in the ordering, directing, and disposing the Rents, Issues and 
 Profits belonging, or in any Wise appertaining, to the said College 
 or Collegiate Church ; and in doing and executing all other Act 
 or Acts, Thing or Things that any AVay concerns the said College 
 or Collegiate Church ; provided that the same extend not to the 
 letting Leases of any Houses or Lands belonging to the said College 
 for above the Space of Three Years ; reserving at the least such 
 Yearly Rents, Profits, and Services, as were formerly payable out 
 of any such Lands or Houses, unto the said College or Collegiate 
 Church." The Dean and Prebends (with the exception of Lambert 
 Osbaldeston) " and all other Ofticers, Members, and Servants belong- 
 ing to the said College or Collegiate Church, and every of them, 
 tliat have absented themselves from their Ofiices and Places, or are 
 Delinquents or have not taken the Covenant," were suspended from 
 their several oftices. Amono- other reo;ulations concernino- the 
 appointment of officers, servants, and almsmen, and '' the upholding 
 of Preaching in the Abbey of AVestminster," it was also ordained that 
 " the said Committee or any seven or more of them, together with 
 the Master of Trinity Collcdge in Cambridge and the Master of the 
 said School in Westminster, shall hereby have the like power to 
 
 ^ Jolm niynne, .afterwards Chief Justice of the Upper Bencli,
 
 8 MEMOIR OF EICHARD BUSBY 
 
 elect and choose Scholars into the said School, and thence to 
 Trinity Colledge in Cambridge aforesaid, and to Christ Church in 
 Oxford, as by the Statutes of the said College of Westminster was 
 invested in the Deans of Westminster and Christ Church, the Master 
 of Trinity College and Westminster School aforesaid. Provided 
 nevertheless, when the said Dean or Master of Christ Church afore- 
 said, shall not be a Delinquent to the Parliament, his right in the 
 Election aforesaid, according to the said Statutes, shall not hereby 
 be impeached." 
 
 On 11th September, 1646, it was resolved "that the Scholars 
 of Westminster elected to go from thence to Christ Church in 
 Oxford, may go thither ; and shall be forthwith admitted into 
 Scholarships there, notwithstanding any order of either House of 
 Parliament to the contrary." ^ 
 
 On 22nd March, 1647-8, the House of Commons after some 
 considerable delay passed an ordinance sent from the House of 
 Lords " giving Authority to the Committee for the College of 
 AVestminster for bringing in the Revenue, and other Monies, belong- 
 ing to the said College, and punishing such as shall disobey their 
 orders concerning the same." ^ 
 
 On 19th April, 1648, Mr. Denys Bond was appointed a member 
 of the Committee for the College of Westminster in the place of 
 Sir John Clot worthy.'^ Mr. Masham, Mr. Feilder, and Mr. Luke 
 
 ^ Journals of the House of Commons, vol. iv. p. 666. A resolution had been 
 passed a few days previously that " the scholars of Westminster elected to go 
 from thence to Christ Church in Oxford may go thither, notwithstanding any 
 Order of either House of Parliament to the contrary " [ihid. vol. iv. p. 662). 
 
 2 ibid. vol. V. p. 508. See also pp. 409, 463, 479, and Journals of the House 
 of Lords, vol. ix. p. 614. 
 
 ^ Journals of the House of Commons, vol. v. pp. 536, 537.
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 9 
 
 Hodges were added to the Committee on 2nd April, 1649.^ and Sir 
 Gregory Norton and Mr. Humphrey Edwards on 24th May, 
 following.^ On IGth June, 1649, the quorum of the Committee 
 was "reduced to five.^ 
 
 The School was especially excepted from the provisions of the 
 Act passed by the House of Commons in April 1649, which 
 abolished all deans and chapters, and vested their property in Sir 
 John AVoUaston and fourteen other trustees,^ As the School, how- 
 ever, was not a distinct foundation of itself, but part of the 
 corporation or foundation of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster 
 it became dependent upon these trustees for its means of subsistence. 
 To remedy this state of affairs, an Act was passed on 26tli September, 
 1649, "for the continuance and maintenance of the School and 
 Almshouses of Westminster." ^ Under this Act the folio wino- 
 persons, fifty-six in number, were appointed " Governors of the 
 School and Almshouses of Westminster " : Sir AVilliam Masham, 
 Bart., Sir John Danvers, Kt., Sir John Trevor, Kt., Francis Eous, 
 Nicholas Love, John Gurdon, Humphrey Salwey, John Fielder, 
 Esqs. ; Lord Commissioner Whitlock, Lord Commissioner Lisle, 
 Sir William Strickland, Bart., Sir Henry Vane, jun., Kt., Sir James 
 Harrington, Kt., Edmund Ludlow, Thomas Lister, John White, 
 Luke Hodges, John Weaver, John Dove, Augustine Garland, John 
 Carew, Henry Smith, William Cawley, Esqs. ; Edward Prideaux, 
 
 1 Journals of the House of Commons, vol. vi. p. 178. 
 
 2 ibid. vol. vi. p. 216. •' ibid. vol. vi. p. 235. 
 
 * A collection of Acts of Parliament from 16th January, 1648-9, to 11 th 
 October, 1649 (Brit. Mus. E. 1060), p. 177. 
 
 ^ ihkl. p. 581. See also Journals of the Jfouse of Commons, vol. vi. pp. 236, 
 237, 283, 295, 297, 299.
 
 10 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 Esq., Attorney General; Jolm Downes, John Venn, Esqs., Thomas 
 Atkin. Alderman of London, Edward Lord Howard, Nathaniel 
 Rich, ^^'"illiam ]\Lasliam, Michael Old worth, Esq., John Bradshaw, 
 Sergeant at Law, Lord President of the Council of State, Daniel 
 Blagrave, Humphrey Edwards, Esqs., Philip Earl of Pembroke and 
 ]\Iontgomery, William Earl of Salisbury, Charles Fleetwood, Luke 
 Robinson, Cornelius Holland, Esc[s., Sir William Armyn, Henry 
 Marten, Algernon Sidney, George Thompson, Robert Wallop, 
 Richard Sal way, Gilbert Millington, William Leaman, Sir John 
 Hippcsley, Sir Richard Lucy, John Moore, Thomas Challoner, 
 Thomas Toll, William Stephens, Laurence Whittaker, Esc[s., Isaac 
 Pennington, Alderman of London, and Rowland Wilson, Alderman 
 of London.^ In them were vested "the structure called the Abbey 
 of Westminster with the Cloysters" etc., the Dean's House, "the 
 Schoolhouse and Library, the Lodgings for the Schollars, Ushers, 
 Auditor, and Library Keeper," the houses belonging " to the School- 
 master, Receiver or Launder," the " buildings called the Grainery, 
 Bakehouse and Brewhouse," the almshouses " lately belonging unto 
 the said Colledge," the prebendal houses (with one exception), the 
 Common " known by the name of Tuthil Fields," " the School- 
 house " at C'hiswick, and the several yearly rents issuing out of 
 the hereditaments in the Act specifically mentioned. 
 
 The Governors were duly incorporated, and were granted the 
 use of a Common Seal." They were directed to govern the School 
 
 ^ >Sir William Brereton, Mr. Browne, and Mr. Say appear to have subsequently 
 become Governors. See BagshaAve's True and Perfect Narrative, etc., 1659, pp. 
 11, 12, 24, 31. 
 
 - A fine impression of the seal, reproduced in this volume from casts made in 
 the British Museum, was discovered by Mr. Edward Scott in the course of his
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 ,£1 
 o
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 13 
 
 and almsliouses " according to such Statutes (uot beiug Superstitious 
 uor derogatory to tlic Goverumeut now established) as are to be 
 found amongst the Statutes of the said hite CoUedge touching or 
 concerning the said School and Almshouses and other charitable 
 uses," and out of the revenues of the Corporation to '" maintain the 
 said School and Almshouses and the Members of every of them." 
 They were also authorized to place such poor men in the almshouses^ 
 '•' when any place shall become void as they shall think most de- 
 ser\ang," to make a certain weekly allowance to the poor, to main- 
 tain and educate four poor scholars in the School on Doctor Williams's 
 foundation,^ to pay stipends to the preachers and lectm*ers, and to 
 
 investigation of the muniments belonging to the Dean and Chapter of West- 
 minster. It is attached to a Deed Poll, dated 19th April, 1660, whereby the 
 Governors appointed one John Lyde of Newbury, Berks, Maltster, to the post 
 of Baililf and Collector of the Bailiwick of Stephington and Manor of Bagnor in 
 the county of Berks aforesaid. 
 
 1 These almshouses stood on the south side of the Gatehouse and to the north 
 of the Almonry. They wei-e founded by Henry VIII. for thirteen poor men, one 
 to be "a priest, aged 45 years, and a good gi-ammarian," the other twelve to be 
 unmarried, and aged 50 years. Walcott's Memorials of Westminster, 1857, pp. 
 279-80. 
 
 - John Williams, who was appointed Dean of Westminster in 1620, and sub- 
 sequently became Archbishop of York, appears to have intended to add to the 
 foundation, but never provided sufficient funds for carrying his purpose into effect. 
 "The matter was investigated in the Court of Exchequer, which made a final 
 order in the case, 13th April, 1836. The Master entrusted ^\dth the enquiry 
 found that the original deed of foundation, if ever executed, was lost, or not to be 
 discovered ; but that certain provisions which it had contained or was meant to 
 contain were recited in a deed, conveying a rent charge for the benefit of the 
 foundation. The boys were to have gowns furnished them, their meals in hall like 
 the Queen's scholars, and to occupy the chambers which the Bishop had provided 
 for them. Further directions are given for their election and promotion to St. 
 John's College, Cambridge. . . . The charity had been wholly neglected or im- 
 properly administered until the suit in the Court of Exchequer ; the order then
 
 14 MEMOIK OF EICH.AED BUSBY 
 
 keep ill good repair the Abbey aucl other buildings belonging to 
 the Corporation. From a recital in this Act it appears that the 
 annual charge of the School, almshouses, weekly charities, and 
 maintenance of the Abbey buildings was computed to amount to 
 £1929 125. 0(1. 
 
 On 12tli October, 1G49, it was resolved by Parliament " that all 
 and every the Masters, Fellows, Schoolmasters, and Scholars, in all 
 and every the Colleges of Eaton, Winchester and Westminster 
 should take the Engagement." ^ By an ordinance of 2iid September, 
 1G54, Commissioners were appointed for visiting the Universities 
 of Oxford and Cambridge, and it was further ordained that any 
 four or more of these Visitors, provided there were two at least 
 of each University, might serve as " Visitors of the School of 
 AVestmiiister." ^ 
 
 Though deprived of his ecclesiastical preferments Busby was 
 allowed to retain the post of Head-master. This was doubtless 
 owing partly to the great reputation which he had already acquired 
 
 made directs election to be made from boys born in Wales and in the diocese of 
 Lincoln alternately, and in default of these from Westminster. . . . The boys 
 were to have blue gowns provided for them, and to receive the rest of their divi- 
 dend in books " (Dr. 8cott's answer to the inquiries of the Public School Commis- 
 sioners, Parliamentary Papers, 1864, vol. xx. p. 199). The blue gowns of the 
 " Bishop's Boys " were abolished by Dr. Liddell ; while the Scholarships at St. 
 John's were supjiressed by the University Commissioners of 1856. The last 
 election of a " Bishop's Boy " took place on 2nd May, 1872. Shortly afterwards 
 the trusts of Bishop Williams's foundation were abrogated, and the endowment 
 (producing some <£72 per annum) was consolidated with the School Exhibition Fund. 
 
 1 Journals of the House of Commons, vol. vi. p. 307. 
 
 2 Scobell's Collection of Acts and Ordinances, 1658 pp. 366-8. This ordinance 
 was confirmed in 1656, and "continued for six months from and after the end of 
 the fii'st session of this present Parliament " {ihid. p. 394),
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 15 
 
 as a sclioolmaster/ and partly to the influence which he appears to 
 have had with the ruling authorities. How far he outwardly con- 
 formed it is impossible to discover.- Whether he took the covenant 
 and engagement there is nothing to show. But however improbable 
 it may seem that he should have taken them, it is even more im- 
 probable that he should have been allowed to retain this important 
 post while disobeying the orders of Parliament, which were enforced 
 with the utmost rigour. 
 
 Apparently he made but little attempt to disguise his loyalty, 
 and the School remained steadfast in its adherence to Church and 
 State. To this the famous divine, Robert South, who lies by his 
 Master's side in the Abbey, bears striking testimony. In a sermon 
 which " was penned and prepared to have been preached at West- 
 minster Aljbey, at a solemn meeting of such as had been bred at 
 Westminster School," ^ but never delivered. South declares that the 
 
 1 " The House rose at two. The Chair behaves itself like a Busby among so 
 many school-boys, as some say ; and takes a little too much on him but grandly" 
 (Diary of Thonuis Btcrion, edited by J. T. Rutt, 1828, vol. iv. p. 243). The date of 
 this entry is 23rd March, 1658-9. 
 
 - Charges of time-serving are made against Busby both by Pope and Hearne. 
 8ee the Li/e of Seth Ward, Bishop of Salisbury, 1697, p. 38, and Hearne's Collections 
 (Oxford Historical Soc. Pub., No. ii.), vol. i. p. 10, note. 
 
 ^ Sermon xlix., " The virtuous education of Youth the surest if not sole way 
 to a happy and honourable old Age," contained in Sermons jH'eached upon several 
 occasions by llobert South, 1865, vol. i. pp. 420 — 432. From " the advertisement to 
 the reader," it appears that this sermon had been written at the instigation of 
 Jeffreys when Lord Cliicf Justice, and that owing to the death of Charles II. " the 
 design of this solemnity fell to the ground together with him." It is somewhat 
 curious that in this sermon, which would have been delivered in Busby's presence 
 had it been preached, South launches out against "those phujosi orhilii, those 
 executioners rather than instructors of youth ; persons fitted to lay about them in 
 a coach or cart, or to discipline boys before a Spartan altar, or rather upon it, 
 than to have anything to do in a Christian school '' (p. 427).
 
 IG MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 School was " so uutaiutedly loyal, that I can truly and knowingly 
 aver, that in the very worst of times (in which it was my lot to be a 
 member of it) we really were King's scholars as well as called so." ^ 
 " Nay upon that very day," he adds, " that black and eternally 
 infamous day of the King's murder, I myself heard, and am now a 
 witness, that the King was publicly prayed for in this school but 
 an hour or two (at most) before his sacred head was struck oftV^ 
 And this loyal genius always continued amongst us, and grew up 
 with us, and which made that noted Corypheus ^ of the independent 
 faction (and some time after, namely, 1651, promoted by Cromwell's 
 interest to the deanery of Christ Church in Oxford) often say, that 
 it would never be well with the nation till this school was sup- 
 pressed ; for that it naturally bred men up to an opposition to the 
 Government. And so far indeed he was in the right. For it did 
 breed people to an opposition to that Government which had op- 
 posed and destroyed all governments besides itself ; nay and even 
 itself too at last ; which was the only good thing it ever did. But 
 if, in those days, some four or five bred up in this school (though 
 not under this master) did unworthily turn aside to other by-ways 
 and principles, we can however truly say this of them, that ' they 
 went out from us, yet they were never of us.' For this school itself 
 
 ^ An edition of the Septuagint, a copy of which is in the School Library, 
 was even dedicated in 1653 " Inclytse Scholje Regi^ Westmonasteriensi." 
 Busby describes himself in his will as " one of the Prebendaries of the 
 Collegiate Church of St. Peter in Westminster and Master of the King's School 
 there." 
 
 2 In the Alumni Westmon., p. 136, it is stated that South himself read the 
 prayers, but this is obviously incorrect, as South, who was not elected to Christ 
 Church until 1651, could not have been one of the monitors at the time of the 
 King's execution. 3 pi-, John Owen.
 
 SOME a(jcou:nt of his life 17 
 
 made good its claim to that Glorious motto of its royal foundress, 
 Semper eadem ; the temper and genius of it beiug neither to be 
 corrupted with promises, nor controlled with threats. For though, 
 indeed, we had some of those fellows for our governors, (as they 
 called themselves,) yet thanks be to God, they were never uur 
 teachers ; no, not so much as when they would have perverted us 
 from the pulpit. I myself, while a scholar here, have heard a prime 
 preacher^ of those times, thus addressing himself from this very 
 pulpit, to the leading grandees of the faction in the pew under it. 
 'You stood up,' says he, 'for your liberties, and you did well.' 
 And what he meant by their liberties, and what by their standing 
 up for them, 1 suppose needs no explication. But though our ears 
 were still encountered with such doctrines in the church, it was 
 our happiness to be taught other doctrines in the school ; and 
 what we drank in there, proved aii eti'cctual antidote against the 
 poison prepared for us here." 
 
 An incident which occurred at the Protector's funeral also 
 illustrates the general loyalty of the School at this period. 
 A Westminster boy named Eobert Uvedale, indignant at the 
 honour paid to one whom he had been taught to regard as 
 a usurper, " sprang forward through the legs of the guard, 
 snatched from the bier the little satin banner known as the 
 Majesty Scutcheon, and darted back again, and before any one 
 
 1 William Strong, the famous Independent. He was buried in the Abbey on 
 4th July, 1654. His remains were disinterred after the Restoration, and thrown 
 with other bodies into a common pit in the churchyard on the north side of the 
 Abbey. A collection of XXXI ^Select ^Sermons, j^'^^^^cf^^^^ o** sj)ecial occasioiis . . . by 
 Willmm Htromj tlmt (Jodlif, Able and Faithfid Minisler of Christ latelj of the Abbey 
 at Westmianter, was published in 1G5G. 
 
 c
 
 18 MEMOIll OF KIOHARD BUSBY 
 
 could recover from the sliock of surprise was lost in the crowd of 
 his schoolfellows." ^ 
 
 A curious piece of evidence, showing Busby's attachment to the 
 Church services during these troublous times, is to be found in the 
 dedication to Busby of the first part of Edward Wetenhall's treatise, 
 Of Gifts and Offices in the Public Jc Worship of God.^ Wetenhall, 
 after owning that he had received from Busby " not only excellent 
 Eudiments of good Literature, but the first Rational Impressions of 
 Religion," adds — '"' I rather prefix this Recognition to the ensuing 
 Discourse than to either of the other in its company, because, Sir, it 
 was truly the sense I had of your piety which first operated towards 
 reconciling me to Church-musick. I came to you with prejudices 
 (very unreasonable, such as commonly all prejudices are) against it. 
 The first organ I ever saw or heard was in your House, which was in 
 those dayes a more regular Church than most we had publickly. I 
 then thus judged, if a man of such real Devotion, as I knew 
 you to be of, w^ould keep an Organ for sacred Use, even 
 when it was interdicted and of dangerous consequence, there w^as 
 certainly more of reason for it, and serviceableness in it, than I 
 apprehended." 
 
 During the latter half of 1657 and the earlier months of the 
 following year an attempt was made to shake Busby's supremacy 
 
 ^ Memoirs of the Verney Family duo'ing the Common-wealth, by Margaret M. 
 Verney, vol. iii. pp. 424-5. See also Gentleman's Magazine, 1792, pt. 1, p. 114. This 
 trophy is now in the possession of the Rev. Washbourne "West, Bursar of Lincoln 
 College, Oxford, a lineal descendant of Robert Uvedale. 
 
 2 Dublin, 1679, 16°. The first part, entitled Of the Gift of Prayer, has a 
 separate title-page, which is dated 1678. Edward Wetenhall was elected from 
 Westminster to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1655. He became Bishop of Cork 
 and Ross in 1689, and was translated to the See of Kilmore in 1699.
 
 .SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 19 
 
 in the School by the second master, Edward Bagshawe, who was 
 supported in his revolt by Dean Owen of Christ Church. The 
 account of Bagshawe's quarrel with Busby forms the subject of 
 a succeeding chapter. 
 
 Busby's name appears in " the order of Procession to the Funeral 
 of Oliver Cromwell," ' on 23rd November, 1658. 
 
 Busby's services to the royal cause were promptly recognized at 
 the Restoration.- On 5tli July, 1660, he was installed a Prebendary of 
 Westminster, and four days afterwards was appointed Treasurer of 
 the Abbey. ^ He was duly restored to his Prebend at Wells, and 
 on 11th August, 1660, was also made Treasurer of that Cathedral. 
 On 19th October of the same year the University of Oxford, without 
 putting him to the necessity of taking his B.D., conferred upon him 
 the degree of D.D. At the coronation of Charles II., on 23rd April, 
 1661, Busby carried the ampulla of the new regalia.^ He served as 
 proctor for the Chapter of Bath and Wells, in the Southern Convoca- 
 tion, which met in June 1661, and was one of those who approved 
 
 ^ Diary of Thomas Burton, vol. ii. p. 522. 
 
 - In the Public Record Office is preserved a certitlcate by Henry King Bishop 
 of Chichester, John Cosin, Robert Sanderson, and John Earlcs, '' that Richard 
 Busby has faithfully served for 20 years as Governor of Westminster School, and 
 led a charitable, exemplary, and loyal life " {Calendar of State Papers, Domestic 
 Series, 1660-1, p. 60). 
 
 ^ From his accounts as Treasurer for the year ending on Michaelmas day, 1664, 
 which are preserved in the British Museum (Harleian M8S. 4184), we learn that 
 he received the sum of X28 as Prebendary, £4 as Treasurer, and £20 as Head- 
 master. Amongst the more curious items are : — £6 for the expenses of the 
 election; £4 to John Hill "for playing on the Cornett in the Church"; and 
 £2 136'. 6(i. " for binding old books and 2 dozen of brass loops to chain them." 
 An abstract of these accounts is given in Malcolm's Londiniuni licdivivum, 1802, 
 vol. i. pp. 245-49. 
 
 ' White Kcnnett's Reyisterand Chronicle, 1728, p. 412.
 
 20 MEMOIll OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 and subscribed the Book of Common Prayer on 20tli December in 
 that year.^ 
 
 Humphrey Prideaux, waiting from Oxford to his friend John 
 Ellis on 2nd February, 1667, says — " old Busby hath long talked to 
 us of a benefaction he intends to bestow upon us for the erecteing of 
 a catachist lecture [in] the University, but hath soe many cautions 
 in his head, and adjoynes such hard conditions with it, that the 
 University cannot receive it. The old man a little before Christmas 
 spit blood, and thought he should have immediately dyed, but when 
 I was with him I thought him as well as ever I saw him since I 
 knew him." " 
 
 On 16th January, 1672, he was appointed Archdeacon of West- 
 minster, and was succeeded in the post of Treasurer by Eichard 
 Perrincheif. 
 
 Busby took part in the coronation of James the Second on 
 23rd April, 1685, as bearer of the orb with the Cross. In 1689 he 
 built "the Prebendal House (now occupied by Bishop Monk), 
 intending to retire there in his old age ; but never seems to have 
 occupied it." "^ He again served as proctor for the Chapter of Bath 
 and Wells in the Southern Convocation, which assembled on 
 21st November in that year.^ 
 
 1 White Kennett's Reyister and Chronicle, 1728, p. 584. 
 
 " Letters of Humplivey Prideaux to John Ellis (Camden Soc. Publications, New 
 Series, No. xv.), p. 59. Prideaux adds, " Knipe hath quite ruined that school by his 
 neglect to ly in the Colledge." 
 
 '■'' Radclyffe's Memorials of Westminster School, 1845. This house in the Little 
 Cloisters is now occupied by Canon Duckworth. In one of the rooms is a finely- 
 decorated ceiling of a similar character to that in the School Library. 
 
 ^ Card well's History of Conferences, 1849, p. 435. See also Severne's letter to 
 Busby in Nichols's Illustrations of the Literary History of the Elyhteenth Century, 
 vol. iv. p. 406.
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 21 
 
 In December 1691 he had another serious attack of ilhiess. 
 Luttrell writes in his Diary for the 29th of that month — " Dr. 
 Busby of Westminster School is given over : beleived he will be 
 succeeded by Mr. Knipe therein." 
 
 Busby, however, recovered, and Thomas Knipe, who had been 
 appointed Second Master in 1663, had to wait a few years longer. 
 
 Busby died at Westminster on 5th April, 1695, in the eighty-ninth 
 year of his age. Sir Charles Lyttelton " relates " an od story, that 
 y*' people in y*' street, when he was expiring, saw flashes and sparks 
 of fire come out of his window, w"^ made them run into y^ house to 
 put it out, but when they were there saw none, nor did they of y® 
 house." He was buried^ in the Abbey under the black and white 
 marble pavement of the Choir in front of the steps leading to the 
 Sacrarium. The exact spot where the great School-master lies is 
 marked on one of the small marble slabs with the simple inscription 
 — " R*^. B. 1695." His monument by Francis Bird * stands against 
 
 ^ Luttrell's Brief Ilistorical Relation of State Affairs, 1857, vol. ii. p. 324. 
 
 2 Ilatton Correspondence (Camden Soc. Pub., New Series, No. xxiii.),vol. ii. p. 216. 
 
 ^ According to the burial register Busby was buried on 5tli April, 1695, but this 
 is obviously wi-ong. See Chester's Westminster Abbey Registers (Harleian Soc. 
 Pub., No. X.), p. 236. There is no reason for doubting the date of death given on 
 the monument, as it is confirmed both by Luttrell, vol. iii. p. 458, and by Sir 
 Charles Lyttelton, in the letter referred to in the text. 
 
 ■* Francis Bird was the sculptor of the once familiar statue of Queen Anne, 
 which was removed from the west front of St. Paul's Cathedral in 1885. He died 
 on 20th February, 173L Busby's monument was probably the best piece of work 
 which he ever did. It struck M. Grosley " by its exact resemblance for beauty 
 and truth to the celebrated Languet, curate of S, Sulpice's Church at Paris." 
 A Tour to London, or Xew Observations on Enfjland and its Inhabitants, by IVF. 
 Grosley, F.Pv.S., translated from the French by Thomas Nugent, LL.D.. 1772, vol. 
 i. p. 206, There is an engi'aving of Busby's monument in Dart's Westmonasterinm, 
 1742, vol. i. p. 92.
 
 22 MEMOIR OF RICHAED BUSBY 
 
 the wainscot of tlie choir, opposite the South Transept. He is 
 represented by the Sculptor in a reclining position, robed in his 
 clerical vestments, holding in one hand a pen, and in the other an 
 open book, and apparently looking at the following inscription ^ 
 recorded on the tablet behind : — 
 
 En infra positam, | qualis hominum Oculis obversabatur, | BUSBEII 
 Imaginem ! | Si earn | qufe in Animis altius insedit, | ultra desideras ; | 
 Academise utriusque, et Fori luniina, | Aula3, Senatus, atque Ecclesioe | 
 Principes Viros contemplare : | cumque satam ab Illo Ingeniorum messem | 
 tarn variam, tamque uberem lustraveris ; | quantus Is esset, qui severit, 
 cogita. I Is certe erat, | qui insitam cuique [\ Natura Indolem | et acute 
 porspexit, | et exercuit commode, | et feliciter promovit. | Is erat, | qui 
 Adolescentium Animos | ita docendo finxit, aluitque | ut tarn sapere discerent, 
 quam Fari ; | dumque Pueri instituebantur, sensim succrescerent Viri. | 
 Quotquot Illius disciplina penitus imbuti | in Publicum prodiere, | tot 
 adepta est Monarchia, | tot Ecclesia Anglicana. | Propugnatores, | Fides 
 omnes, plerosque strenuos. | Quoecunque demum sit Fama | Scholco Westmon- 
 asteriends, | quicquid inde ad Homines fructus redundarit, | Biisbeio, maxime 
 debetur, | atque in omne porro vEvum debebitur. | Tarn utilem Patriae Civem 
 I multis Annis, Opibusque florere voluit Deus ; | vicissim Ille | Pietati 
 promovendie | se, et sua alacris devovit : | Pauperibus subvenire, | Literates 
 fovere, | Templa instaurare, | id llli erat Divitijs frui; | et hos in Usus, | 
 quicquid non erogarat Vivus, | Legavit Moriens. 
 
 At the sides of the tablet, which is sculptured so as to represent 
 expanded drapery, are pilasters supporting a cornice and pediment, 
 on which are two sepulchral lamps, and a shield of arms,^ decorated 
 
 1 " I heard one of New College say that Dr. Busby desired the inscription over 
 his gi-ave might be Oblivio" (Hearne's Collections (Oxford Historical Soc. Pub., 
 No. 2), vol. i. p. 10). 
 
 2 Or, three arrows Sab. on a Chief of the Last, as many Mulletts of the First. 
 These were the arms borne by the Busbys of Addington. The same arms, 
 together with a stag's head pierced through the neck with an arrow as a crest, 
 are stamped on several of the books presented to the School by Busby.
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 
 
 23 
 
 with festoons of flowers. In front of tlie monument several open 
 books are scattered about, others are piled up in heaps; between 
 these the following particulars are inscribed : — 
 
 RICHARDUS BUSBY, LINCOLNIENSIS. 
 
 S. T. P. 
 
 Natiis est Luttoniae 1606. Sept 22. 
 
 Scholse Westmonst. prtefectus est 1640. Dec 23. 
 Westmonst. prebendarius ^ July 5. 
 
 obtinuit Anno Domini 1600 V 
 Wellensi Thesaurarius. J Ausf. 12. 
 
 Sedem in Eccles. 
 
 Obijt 
 
 1695 April 5. 
 
 
 
 
 The Seal of tlie Governors of the School and Almsliouses of Westminster. Obverse.
 
 CHAPTER II 
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE {contimiecl) 
 
 His extraordinary success as a school-master — His illustrious pupils — His severity 
 — -Beloved by his scholars — His piety — His benefactions — His will — The 
 Busby Trust — Busby's relations. 
 
 Busby was undoubtedly one of the greatest school-masters that 
 this or any other country has ever produced. He guided the 
 destinies of the School with a firm hand and an unerring eye for 
 nearly fifty-seven years, retaining his post through the Civil War, 
 the Commonwealth, the Restoration, and the Revolution, thus 
 serving three dynasties, and witnessing three changes of worship. 
 To him alone is the credit due for the extraordinary success of the 
 School during his long and eventful reign. The best testimonial of 
 a head-master is the success of his scholars, and no master perhaps 
 ever had had so many successful scholars as Busl)y. He is said to have 
 boasted, that at one time sixteen out of the whole bench of 
 Bishops had been educated by him.^ 
 
 1 Seward's Anecdotes, 1804, vol. ii. p. 150. This is probably apocryphal. Of 
 the thirteen English and Irish bishops who are known to have received their 
 education at Westminster under Busby, only six were consecrated in his lifetime. 
 These thirteen bishops were — 1. John Dolben, consecrated Nov. 1666, died April 
 1686. 2. Edward Wetenhall, consecrated March 1679, died November 1713. .3. 
 George Hooper (of whom Busby is reported to have said that " he was the best 
 
 24
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 25 
 
 John Drydeii/ Philip Henry, John Locke, Sir Christopher Wren, 
 
 scholar, the finest gentleman, and would make the completest bishop that ever was 
 educated at Westminster"), consecrated Oct. 1703, died Sept. 1727. 4. Edward 
 Jones, consecrated March 1683, died May 1703. 5, Henry Rider, consecrated 
 June 1693, died Jan. 1695. 6. Charles Hickman, consecrated June 1703, died Nov. 
 1713. 7. Jonathan Trelawny, consecrated Nov. 168.5, died July 1721. 8. 
 Lancelot Blackburn, consecrated Feb. 1717, died March 1743. 9. Francis 
 Atterbury, consecrated July 1713, died Feb. 1732. 10. Francis Gastrell, 
 consecrated April 1714, died Nov. 1725. 11. Welbore Ellis, consecrated Nov. 
 1705, died January 1734. 12. George Smalridge, consecrated April 1714, died 
 September 1719. 13. John Vesey, consecrated January 1673, died March 1716. 
 There may of course have been others, as the names of only a few of the town boys 
 of this period have been preserved. Towards the close of the last century the School 
 seems to have acquired a special fame for producing bishops. William Mason, in a 
 letter to Horace Walpole, dated 2nd July, 1782, writes, "There was a bishop, I 
 think it was Sprat, who thanked God that though he was not educated at Westmin- 
 ster, yet he became a Bishop. I, on the contrary, would not have been educated 
 there for the best pair of lawn sleeves in the kingdom. But de gustlhus non est 
 disputandum " (Walpole's Letters, 1857-59, vol. viii. p. 240). Wai'burton, in his 
 edition of Pope's Works, published in 1770, while referring to Sprat, says — "As to 
 the turn of his piety and genius, it is best seen by his last will and testament, where 
 he gives God thanks that he, who had been neither at Eaton nor Westminster, but 
 at a little country school by the churchyard side, should at last come to be a 
 Bishop." He adds, "But the honour of being a Westminster School-boy some have 
 at one age, and some at another, and some all their life long. Our grateful Bishop, 
 though he had it not in his youth, yet it came upon him in his old age " (vol. iv. p. 
 157). As a matter of fact. Sprat seems to have made no reference to Westminster 
 in his will at all. See Some Account of the Life and Writhujs of Thomas ^Sprat, late 
 Lord Bishop of Rochester and Dean of Westminster, with a true coiyy of his Last Will 
 and Testament, 1715, p. 18. 
 
 1 In the postscript to the argument of the Third Satire of Persius, Dryden 
 says, " I remember I translated this satire when I was a King's scholar at West- 
 minster School, for a Thursday night's exercise ; and believe that it, and many 
 other of my exercises of this nature in English verse, arc still in the hands of my 
 learned master, the Rev. Dr. Busby" {Worl-s of John Drijden, edited by Sir 
 Walter Scott, 1821, vol. xiii. p. 230). A form on which Dryden's name is cut in 
 large letters is cai'cfully preserved in the school.
 
 26 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 Robert South/ Robert S23encer, Earl of Sunderland, Henry 
 Aldricli, Lord Chancellor Jeffreys, Charles Mordaunt, Earl of 
 Peterborough,- Charles Montagu, Earl of Halifax, Francis Atterbury, 
 Matthew Prior, William Shippen, Sir Thomas Hanmer, Barton Booth, 
 and numbers of other distinguished men received their education at 
 Westminster under Busby. 
 
 Steele " says, " I must confess (and I have often reflected upon 
 it) that I am of opinion Busby's Genius for education had as great 
 an Eflect upon the age he lived in, as that of any ancient Philosopher, 
 without excepting one, had upon his Contemporaries. Tho' I do not 
 perceive that admirable Man is remembered by them, at least not re- 
 corded by them, with half the Veneration he deserves. I have known 
 great Numbers of his Scholars, and I am confident, I could discover 
 a stranger who had been such, with a very little Conversation : Those 
 of great Parts, who have passed through his Instruction, have such 
 a peculiar Readiness of Fancy and Delicacy of Taste, as is seldom 
 found in Men educated elsewhere, tho' of equal Talents ; and those 
 who were of slower Capacities, have an Arrogance (for Learning with- 
 out Genius always produces that) that sets them much above greater 
 Merit that grew under any other Gardiner. He had a Power of rais- 
 ing what the Lad had in him to the utmost height in what Nature 
 designed him ; and it was not his Fault, but the effect of Nature, that 
 there were no indifferent People come out of his Hands ; but his 
 Scholars were the finest Gentlemen, or the greatest Pedants in the 
 age. The Soil which he manured always grew fertile,^ but it is not 
 
 1 Of South, Busby is related to have said, " I see great talents in that sulky 
 boy, and I shall endeavour to bring them out " {Alumni Westmon., p. 136). 
 
 - The Lover, 27th April, 1714, No. 27. 
 
 2 The same idea occurs in a letter dated 19th Nov., 16G4, written by 8ir
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 27 
 
 in the Planter to make Flowers of Weeds, but whatever it was under 
 Busby's eye, it was sure to get forward towards the Use for which 
 Nature desiajned it." ^ 
 
 Of his severity, which has become almost proverbial, there is 
 plenty of evidence, though the reputation which he gained in this 
 respect is said by some to rest only upon general tradition, and by 
 others to have owed its origin to the malignity of party spirit. He 
 ajjpears to have compelled industry in the first instance by force, 
 and then to have worked by love. It is certain that he gained the 
 veneration and affection of many of his pupils, notwithstanding his 
 excessive use of the birch. Dryden throughout his life retained the 
 greatest respect for him. Philip Henry frequently referred to him 
 in terms of the deepest gratitude. Robert Tatnal often told Calamy 
 pleasant stories of his old master.- Thomas Severne in a letter to 
 Busby subscribes himself as " your first-beloved scholar." " Atterbury 
 describes him as " a man to be reverenced very highly," and speaks of 
 leaving Westminster " loaded with his counsels, his warnings and his 
 
 William Moi-ice, Secretary of State, to Busby, recommending his cousin Humphrey 
 Pi'ideaux to the Head-master's " special care and protection." " I hope," he writes, 
 " Nature hath in good measure disposed him for Learning, and that his country 
 rudiments will be no prejudice to his progress therein ; but my greatest confidence 
 ariseth fi'om your culture, which ordinarily impx^oves the worst ground, but succeeds 
 even to wonder when it meets with one qualified and pregnant" (Addit. MSS., 
 Brit. Mus., 28,104, f. 11). 
 
 1 Dr. Adam Clarke, in his Memoirs of the ]Vesley Family, 1823, p. 363, even 
 declares that "To Dr. Busby's plans, science, and discipline everything yielded ; and 
 no dunce or unlearned man was ever turned out of Westminster School during his 
 incumbency." 
 
 ■^ Calamy's Historical Account of my oion Life, 1830, vol. i. p. 77. 
 
 ^ Nichols's Illustrations of Literary History, vol. iv. p. 406, Severne concludes 
 his epistle with the following quaint postscript — " Lord ! how I ti'emble to send 
 this to you. I see you have me in awe still, and ever will."
 
 28 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 gifts." ^ "William King refers to " the grave Busby, whose memory 
 to me shall be for ever sacred ; " ^ Michael Maittaire to " the most 
 learned Busby, whose kindness to me I never forget ; " ^ while 
 Francis Gregory declares that Busby was to him " not only a 
 Master, but even as a Father, and, which is a Relation more rarely 
 found, a real Friend." ^ To the religious training of his pupils Busby 
 was conscientiously attentive, teaching them, as Giles Oldisworth 
 tells us, " not only by precept but by example." ^ Philip Henry also 
 often spoke of the great pains which Busby took in preparing them 
 for the reception of the Holy Communion.^ 
 
 He was indeed a man of great and unaffected piety, taking the 
 warmest interest in the welfare of the Church, and living on terms 
 of intimacy with many of the leading churchmen of the day. 
 Whenever Isaac Basire went to London he always stayed with 
 Busby, who avowed himself to be under great obligations to his 
 friend for his spiritual counsel.' Peter Barwick was another of 
 Busby's most intimate friends.^ 
 
 ' Latin letter written by Atterbury to Busby in October 1681, printed in 
 Atterbury's Einatolary Correspondence, 1783-90, vol. iv. p. 316. 
 
 - Dedication to Knipe of King's Historical Account of the Heathen Gods and 
 Heroes, 1710. 
 
 2 tStephanorum Historia, 1709, vol. i. part ii. p. 358. 
 
 4 Dedication to Busby of Gregory's Doctrine of the Glorious Trinity, etc., 1695. 
 
 5 MS. poem in Bodleian Library, entitled A Westminster Scholm', or the Patterne 
 of Piete (Codices Rawlinsonii C. 422). 
 
 ^ An Account of the Life and Death of Mr. Philip Henry, second edition, 1699, 
 pp. 9-10. 
 
 • Darnell's Correspondence of Isaac Basire, D.D., loith a Memoir of his Life, 
 1831, pp. 36, 41 note. Four letters written by Busby are printed in this volume, 
 pp. 37-9, 41-2, 42, 60-2. 
 
 ^ See Preface to the IJfe of the Rev. John Bartoick, 1724, and Maittaire's 
 epistle towards the end of the Latin pref.ace to Vita Johannis Bartvick, S.T.P., 1721.
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 29 
 
 " I have been told," says Pierce/ " of the depth and great 
 variety of his Learning, but that which gained him my reverence 
 was the greater sanctity of his life .... for his mastery over 
 his Passions and his diffusiveness of his substance as well as of 
 himself (to all at least who are deserving as well as needy), I have 
 heard few persons commended more." From another source^ we 
 learn that *' there was an agreeable Mixture of Severity and Sweet- 
 ness in his Manners ; so that if his Carriage was grave it was at 
 the same time civil and full of good Nature, as his conversation 
 was always modest and learned. But after all, his Charity was 
 the greatest virtue in him, in the Discharge whereof none ever 
 took more care that his right Hand should not know what the 
 left did." 
 
 Of his charity and generosity there can be no question, in spite 
 of Bngshawe's covert insinuations,'^ and AVilliam Ashburnham's 
 "odd stories" to the garrulous Pepys.^ Busby is said to have 
 " offered to found two Catechistical lectures, one in each University, 
 
 ^ Thomas Pierce's *' Letter to Dr. Heylin concerning Mr. Hickman and Mr. 
 Bagshaw," appended to The Discoverer Discover' d, 1659, p. 304. 
 
 - Crull's Antiqiuties of St. Peter's, or the Ahhey Church of Westminster, 1715, 
 p. 242. 
 
 ^ See his True and Perfect Narrative, etc., 1659. 
 
 '^ Pepys records in his Diary for 3rd May, 1667, "To Westminster by coach ; 
 the Cofferer [William Ashburnham] telling us odd stories how he was dealt with 
 by the men of the Church at Westminster in taking a lease of them at the King's 
 coming in, and particularly the devilish covetousness of Dr. Busby " {Diary atid 
 Correspoiidence of Samuel Pepys, 1849, vol. iv. p. 35). Busby was Treasurer at 
 the time, and doubtless endeavoured to obtain the best terms that he could for the 
 Chapter. The " Deancs House " and the adjoining premises were demised by 
 the Dean and Chapter to William Ashburnham for the term of 40 yejxrs, at the 
 several yearly rents of .£13 16s. M., 3s. id., and 5s. Oc?., by two Indentures dated 
 14th May, 1667.
 
 30 MEMUIR OF EICHAED BUSBY 
 
 vdth. an endowment of £100 per annum each, for instructing the 
 Undergi-aduates in the Eudiments of the Christian Religion ; pro- 
 vided all the said Undergraduates should be obliged to attend 
 those lectm'es, and none of them be admitted to the degTee of 
 Batchelors of Arts, till after ha\T.ng been examined by the Catechist, 
 as to their knowledge in the Doctrines and Precepts of Christian 
 Religion, and by Mm approved of. But this condition being 
 rejected by both Universities, the benefaction was rejected there- 
 witli ; and the Chmx-h hath ever since suffered for the want 
 of it."^ His benefactions to Christ Church were — '"' a maintenance 
 for a lectm-e of the Oriental tong-ues," which was never completed, 
 and "another of the Mathematics," a gift of £100 "towards the 
 making of a Common Chamber under the west end of the great 
 Hall, and also for the setting up a pew or pulpit there, wherein the 
 said Lectures should be read," and a further gift of £250 to the 
 fund for rebuildina- the House at the Restoration."^ He was a 
 
 o 
 
 ^ Life of tite Rev. Humphrey PHdeav^, 1748, p. 92. See also the Letters of 
 Humphrey Prideaux to John EUis, an extract from which is quoted in chapter i. ; 
 Hist. MSS. Com., Twelfth Beporf, App. TIL, pp. 147, 185, 189 ; AVood's Athenoi 
 Oxon., vol. i. pp. xciv, xcv ; Wood's Life and Times (Oxford Hist. Soc. Pub., No. 
 xxvi.), vol. iii. pp. 10, 14, 21, 22, 43. Busby, in a letter to Dr. Timothy Halton, 
 Tice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford, says, " Several years have past since 
 I made a tender to my ever-honord Mother, the University of Oxford, of a 
 catechetic lectui-e to be endowed by me with a salary lately advanced to four- 
 score pounds per annum by a rent-charge upon a great estate."' "In this time," he 
 adds, " I have frequently repeated the overture and waited for the acceptance of 
 it." He also announces his intention to make a separate endo^vment for the 
 English lecture at St. Mary's " of Twenty Povmds per annum secui-ed in the same 
 manner with the Latin," and ui'ges a prompt decision, "age and infirmities making 
 delays very grievous to me " {ibid. p. 21, note 2). 
 
 ^ Woods Hiftory and Antiquities of the Colleyes and Halls in the University of 
 Oxford, edited by John Gutch, 1786, vol. iv. pp. 436-7, 448.
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 31 
 
 liberal benefactor to Wells Catliedi-al/ and is said to have cou- 
 tributed to the repair of Lichfield Cathedral.- He presented £50 
 to BaUiol College, Oxford,^ and a like sum to Bishop Bub\\-ith's alms- 
 house at AVells> He rebuilt the parish chm-ch at AVillen, in Bucking- 
 hamshii-e, '" erected a building for a Hbrary w-ithin " the said church, 
 endowed the Vicarage \^ith the great tithes, and gave also "several 
 Vestments and all the plate to be used at the Receiving of the Holy 
 Communion there." ^ He gave an annual donation of £5 for the 
 education of ten poor boys of Lutton and Gedney, in Lincolnshire,^ 
 
 1 According to the Book of Benefcictiom to tlt£ Cathedral Library, preserved at 
 Wells, Busby gave the several sums of £100, £20, £2 11;?., and £200 to the 
 Library, and also £36 for a piece of Commiinion plate. He moreover presented 
 fifty-six folios to the Library. See also Uist. MSS. Com., Tenth Iteport, App. III. 
 p. 264, where Busby's gifts of £30 to the Church and £100 to the Library 
 are oddly called '• legacies." 
 
 - Bioyraphia Britannica, edited by Andrew Kippis, vol. iii. p. 54. The 
 reference there made to Browne Willis's Survey of tli& Cathedrah, does not, 
 however, seem to bear out this statement. 
 
 " Letters of Uumphrey Prideav^ to John Ellis (Camden Soc. Pub., New Series, 
 vol. XV.), p. 12. From the proceedings in the Chancery suit after his death it 
 appears that Busby was Visitor of Balliol (Lansdowne MSS. 655, f. 37). 
 
 ^ Hiird RepM>rt of the Charity Commissioners {Parliamentary Papers, 1820, vol. 
 iv.), p. 353. 
 
 ^ First codicil to Busby's will ; Ecton's lliesaurus lierum Ecclesiusticariim, 
 1763, p. 219; Lipscomb's History of Bvxkhvjhamshire, 1847, vol. iv. p. 409. He 
 is said to have erect-ed at a place unnamed, probably Willen, " a convenient 
 Parsonage-House for the Minister and an Aims-House for the Poor'' (Francis 
 Gregory's Doctrine of tloe Glorious Trinity, 1695, dedication). 
 
 '^ Stukeley says that Busby founded a school at Lutton (Itinerariun Curiosum, 
 C^nt. I. p. 19), but this seems to be an error. From a copy in the Lutton Register 
 Book of a deed poll executed by Busby on 23rd Feb., 1667, giving minute dii-ec- 
 tions as to the manner in which the £5 is to be spent, he appears to have intended 
 to settle a sum of money for this purpose in perpetuity. This intention, however, 
 was never carried out. Mention of this donation is made in Busby's Account 
 Book, see chapter v.
 
 32 MEMOIll OF KICHAEI) BUSBY 
 
 and commenced the restoration of Lutton Cliapcl.^ He frequently 
 sent " considerable supplies to Prisoners for debt," and was con- 
 stantly relieving " distressed Ministers." ^ The black and white 
 marble pavement in the choir of Westminster Abbey was his 
 gift.^ He repaired the School buildings at his own expense,^ 
 and built and fitted up the School library.^ He built " two 
 roomes the one above the other for the separate lodging of 
 Twenty Boyes " at the King's Hospital in Tothill Fields, and 
 procured a lease from the Dean and Chapter of a piece of Tothill 
 Fields " for the use and benefit " of the governor and boys of the 
 said Hospital^ And lastly, by a deed poll dated 9tli Jan., 1694-5, 
 he bound himself to found a Catechetical Lecture at Balliol College, 
 Oxford.' 
 
 Busby left an estate at Willcn of the net yearly value of 
 c£501, and personal property to the amount of £5,565 5^-. 6^d. 
 In his will, dated lOth July, 1693, he declares that it had been 
 
 1 Fifth codicil to Busby's will. 
 
 2 Fiiuacis Gregory's Doctrine of the Glorious Trinity, 1695, dedication. 
 ^ Dean Stanley's Westminster Abbey, 1882, p. 274. 
 
 ■* Bagshawe's True and Perfect Narrative, 1659, p. 18 ; entries in Busby's 
 Account Book, see chapter v. 
 
 ^ Third codicil to Busby's will. 
 
 •^ The contract for building these rooms, dated 21st May, 1685, and made 
 between Busby of the one part, and John Angier of the parish of St. Margaret's, 
 "Westminster, Gentleman, of the other part, and a draft copy of the lease, are 
 preserved among the muniments of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster (Press 7, 
 Shelf 1, parcel 52). According to the contract the work was to cost £180. Among 
 the Manuscripts at the British Museum is " an account of more Worke done that is 
 not mentioned in the articles between Dr. Busby and John Angier, nor in the 
 Draught " (Sloane MSS. 1009, f. 144). The " over work more" is there estimated 
 at £34 10s. 6cZ., so that the total cost of the building came to £214 10s. 6(/. 
 
 '' Second codicil to Busby's will.
 
 
 00 
 
 in 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 
 O 
 W5

 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 35 
 
 " my purpose aucl resolution ever since the one and thii'tietli year 
 of my life to settle such estate as God in His great mercy shall 
 intrust me with upon such charitable uses as may lead to God's 
 glory, and the relief and comfort of good people in necessity." 
 He devised the Manor of Willen, with the advowson and all 
 other his lands and hereditaments in the parish of Willen and 
 elsewhere to thirteen trustees, upon trust to pay the yearly sum 
 of £200 for the relief and support of such poor ministers in Lin- 
 colnshire, Oxfordshire, Middlesex, and Buckinghamshire, " who have 
 a great work, and small Revenue under the value of fifty pounds a 
 year, and are painful and diligent in the Ministry." He also left 
 the whole of his residuary real and personal estate to his trustees, 
 " to be by them laid out and employed " in the purchase of real estate 
 near Willen, and " by them to be settled to such charitable uses as 
 they in their Godly wisdom shall see meet and convenient." By a 
 codicil to his will, dated 11th July, 1693, Busby directed his trustees 
 to pay the yearly sum of £20 to a Lecturer, ^vho should be a 
 AVestminster student of Christ Church, and should deliver thirty 
 lectures "of practical divinity" in one of the parish churches] of 
 Oxford. He also bequeathed £1 yearly for the purchase of Bibles 
 and other books, which were to be distributed by the said lecturer 
 to such of the children " as profit most under his instruction." 
 He moreover directed his trustees to pay the Vicar of AVillen, 
 who was always to be a Westminster student of Christ Church, 
 £20 per annum for the delivery of thirty lectures in the parish 
 church of Willen, and made a similar bequest of £1 per annum 
 for the purchase of Bibles as prizes for the children. By a 
 second codicil, he directed his trustees to pay the Catechetical
 
 36 MEMOIR OF KICHAKI) BUSBY 
 
 Lecturer at Balliol College, Oxford, £13 6s. Sd. per annum, and 
 ordered that all ministers receiving donations under liis will should 
 dehver " thu-ty Catechetical Lectures on thirty Sundays in every 
 year, in the afternoon." By a third codicil he disposed of his books 
 to the School and the parish churches of Willen, Martock, and 
 Cud worth. No charitable bequests are comprised in the fourth 
 codicil. By the fifth and last codicil he bequeathed " fifty pounds 
 of good money amongst poor housekeepers inhabiting within the 
 parish of St. Margaret in Westminster," and directed his executors 
 to complete the restoration of Lutton Chapel "if it should please 
 God that I happen to die before the same be finished."^ 
 
 Probate of the will and the first four codicils was granted in the 
 Prerogative Court of Canterbury on 19th February, 1697, to the Earl 
 of Nottingham and John Needham, power being reserved to Heneage 
 Finch, Dr. South, and William Thursby, the other executors, to 
 prove the same. The fifth codicil, which had not been executed, was 
 subsequently admitted to probate as a nuncupative codicil.^ 
 
 In order that the trusts of Busby's will might be carried into 
 
 ^ The British Museum possesses a manuscript copy of Busby's last will " with 
 the codicils annexed, the decree of the Court of Chancery thereupon, and other 
 matters relating thereto " (Lansdowne MSS. 655). There is a similar copy at the 
 Receiver-General's office in the Little Cloisters. 
 
 " From the deposition of Busby's old friend, Dr. Peter Barwick, it appears that 
 this codicil had been prepared by Mr. Keedham at Busby's request, but before 
 " Mr. Needham and the Avitnesses could be got together," Busby declared that he 
 was "so faint that he could not then execute it, but said he must defer the doing 
 thereof until the next day, and declared that if he should happen to dye in the 
 meantime it would amount to a Nuncupative will, or used words to the same effect, 
 all which the said Deceased declared in the presence of Sir Thomas Millington and 
 this Deponent his Physitians, and that night within some few hours after he the 
 said deceased departed this life " (Lansdowne MS>S. 655, f. t»).
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 37 
 
 effect, a suit was instituted in the Court of Chancery, in Novembei 
 1696, by the Attorney-General, at the instance of the Master and 
 Fellows of BalHoI College, Oxford, and the Rev. John Stevenson, 
 Vicar of Willen, against the surviving trustees,' Henry Aldrich, Dean 
 of Christ Church, and Sir Thomas Robinson, Bart., Busby's heir-at- 
 law, an infant, who appeared by his guardian, Sir William Foulis, 
 Bart.^ On 20th February, 1698-9, the Lord Chancellor made an 
 order, (1) that the purchase by the executors of the manor of Stoke 
 Goldington for £4,400 should be carried out ; (2) that the legacies 
 bequeathed by the unexecuted codicil should be paid ; (3) that an 
 additional £100 per annum should be paid to the Poor Ministers, 
 and that as the annuities (amounting to the sum of £60) given 
 by the last codicil should determine, they should be " added to the 
 said twenty Poor Ministers;" (4) that £10 per annum be added to 
 the Lecturer of Christ Church, and the sum of £6 135. 4d. per 
 annum to the Lecturer of Balliol C^ollege ; (5) that the trustees, 
 if they should think fit, might " allow to a Catechetical Lecturer 
 at Worcester College in Oxon, formerly Gloucester Hall, an annual 
 sum not exceeding £20 per annum, as is allowed to the Lecturer 
 of Balliol College " ; ^ (6) and that if there should be in any year 
 
 1 Richard Newman was the only trustee who had died. 
 
 2 Sir William Foulis was Sir Thomas Robinson's step-father. 
 
 ^ From the Master's Report it appears that Busby within a year of his death 
 had informed Maittaire of his design to settle a Catechetical lecture at Gloucester 
 Hall with the same stipend and subject to the same statutes as the Balliol lecture, 
 "if Dr. Woodroffe, who was principal of the said hall, would accept thereof." 
 From an item in Needham's accounts it is evident that this lecture was commenced 
 in Busby's lifetime. Busby seems also to have announced his intention of 
 founding Mathematical lectureships at Gloucester and Balliol, and of presenting 
 the Cathedral Librai-y of Wells with a further gift of books. (See Lansdowno 
 MSS. 655, ff. 3G-7.)
 
 38 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 a surplus of tlie rents of Willen and Stoke Goldington after all 
 the aforesaid payments had been made, then " the same should be 
 distributed to such poor prisoners ^ and poor families in Westminster, 
 and to such poor Ministers, their widdows and children, in such 
 manner and proportion " as the trustees should think fit.^ 
 
 On 8th May, 1811, an order was made by the trustees that " the 
 papnent to each lecture be increased to £20 out of the surplus 
 as a gratuity," ^ thus increasing the amount annually distributed 
 for this purpose to £400. 
 
 A new scheme for the future regulation of the " Busby Trust " 
 was approved by the Board of Charity Commissioners for England 
 and Wales on lOtli December, 1887. The trust property at that 
 date consisted of some 628 acres in the parish of Willen, 364 acres 
 in the parish of Stoke Goldington, the advowson of the Vicarage of 
 Willen, and the sum of £1316 7s. lOd. reduced £3 per cent- 
 annuities, while the gross income of the charity amounted to nearly 
 £1100 per annum. Subject to the payment in the first instance 
 
 1 According to a Eeport on the House of Correction, Totliill Fields, Westminster, 
 comprised in the sixth part of the 32nd Report of the Charity Commissioners 
 {^Parliamentary Papers, 1840, vol. xix. pt. i. p. 866), coals and blankets to the 
 amount of £20 were annually sent by the Busby trustees to the prison from 1821 
 to 1835. 
 
 2 From Needham's accounts rendered in this suit, we learn that Busby died 
 possessed of 658 ounces of plate, " valued and sold at five shillings and ninepence 
 the ounce"; that his " studdy of Books" was valued at £466, and his wearing 
 apparel and household goods at £122 \Qs. ; that "three weeks' allowance to poor 
 Prisonei's to the time of the Doctor's funeral " amounted to £5 145. ; that Dr. 
 Barwick received £11 " for attending Dr. Busby in his sickness," and Mr. Pearce, 
 " an apothecary," £1 Is. in discharge of his bill ; that the expenses of the funeral 
 amounted to £244 4s. id. ; and that £12 was paid to "John Tufnel, the mason, 
 for a gravestone " (Lansdowne MSS. 655, ff. 27—29). 
 
 ^ The Ecclesiastical Legal Gidde, 1839, p. 68.
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 39 
 
 of the cost of repairs and the expenses of management, the yearly 
 income of the Charity is now applied by the trustees in the 
 pa}Tnent of — 
 
 (1) The annual sum of £10 for providing a dinner or dinners 
 for the trustees as prescribed by the will. 
 
 (2) The annual sum of £30 to a lecturer, being a member of 
 Christ Church, Oxford, who has been presented to the trustees by 
 the Dean of Christ Church, and is qualified as prescribed in the 
 first codicil. 
 
 (3) The annual sum of £20 to the Master and Fellows of Balliol 
 College for the purpose of providing for the maintenance of a 
 yearly theological prize founded pursuant to the scheme established 
 by an Order of the Commissioners of 9th July, 1872, to be awarded 
 to the candidates for the same accordinof to such rules and 
 regulations, and in such manner as the said Master and Fellows 
 shall, wdth the concurrence of the Visitor of the said college, from 
 time to time prescribe and direct. 
 
 (4) The annual sum of £1 to the said Lecturer of Christ Church, 
 to be laid out by him in the purchase of Bibles and such other 
 books as he may think fit for distribution in the manner prescribed 
 by the first codicil. 
 
 (5) The annual sum of £1 to the vicar for the time being of 
 the parish of Willen, to be laid out by him in the purchase of 
 Bibles and such other books as he may think fit, to be distributed 
 l)y him in the manner prescribed by the first codicil. 
 
 (6) The annual sum of £40 to the vicar for the time being of 
 the parish of Willen. 
 
 (7) An annual sum of not less than £200 in making grants of
 
 40 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 not less tlian £5 nor more than £20 each for the relief and snpport 
 of such poor ministers of the Church of England as they shall 
 think desendno' of the same — who shall be beneficed in one of the 
 counties of Lincoln, Oxford, Middlesex, or Buckingham — who shall 
 have a oTeat work and a small revenue under the value of £200 
 per annum, and who shall receive from the Bishop of the Diocese 
 in which they shall be beneficed a certificate to the eff'ect that they 
 stand in need of such assistance, and that they are painful and 
 diligent in their ministry and of good life. 
 
 Subject to the foregoing payments, the trustees are directed to 
 apply the income of the Charity in making grants of not less than 
 £5 nor more than £20 to or for the benefit of the widows and 
 children of poor clergy of the Church of England who have been 
 beneficed in one of the four counties aforesaid, and of whose need 
 of assistance the trustees shall have satisfied themselves. 
 
 The Busby trustees, still thirteen in number, are always " old 
 Westminsters." ^ They meet twice a year for the transaction of 
 business, and dine together in the Jerusalem Chamber after the 
 June meeting.^ 
 
 Busby left several legacies and annuities to his servants, and to 
 
 1 A complete list of the trustees from the foundation of the trust up to the 
 present time is given in Appendix II. 
 
 - Two notices of these meetings sent to the Duke of Newcastle, and dated 
 respectively 28th April, 1759, and 2nd April, 1763, are preserved amongst the 
 Additional MSS. in the British Museum (32,890 f. 385, 32,948 f. 11). In the 
 one case the trustees are summoned to meet " at the Rev. Dr. Markham's house 
 in Great Dean's Yard near Westminster Abby, at two of the clock on Thursday 
 the 3rd day of May, to dine there, and appoint the lecturers for the year 
 ensuing." In the other the place of meeting and dinner was fixed "at Mr. 
 ]VIerest's House in the little Cloysters near Westminster Abby."
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HLS LIFE 41 
 
 his old scholar ]\Iicliael Maittaire, who lived with him as an assistant, 
 and subsequently became second master of the School.^ He appears 
 to have outlived most of his relations. By his first codicil he 
 left an annuity of £30 to AVidow Bellare, whom he describes as 
 " a remote relation of mine lately inhabiting in Ireland." In his 
 last codicil he speaks of Sir Thomas Kobinson and his sister as 
 " my only near relations now living. 
 
 " "2 
 
 ^ The following draft petition to the Duke of Ormonde, Chancellor of Oxford 
 University, written by Busby on behalf of Maittaire, is preserved amongst the 
 Additional MSS. (28,879 f. 10). " Mr. Michael Metaire came out of France 
 with his father some years ago, by reason of the persecution of the protestants 
 there, and being sent to Westminster Schole by the Bishop of London, was 
 6 years a king's scholler, and was maintained as well as instructed by Dr. 
 Busby ; after that he was matriculated in the university of Oxford, and entred 
 a commoner of Christ Church, where he stayd but two termes, for not having 
 wherewithal!, because of the calamity fallen upon his family for sake of their 
 Religion, to maintaine himself longer at the university, he returned to Dr. Busby, 
 and was admitted some time after to be an assistant in the Schole, and having 
 continued so these 3 years, was last terme, by the favour of Dr. South, made 
 a student of Chi-ist Church, having employed his time in the service, and as he 
 hopes to the benefit of the Schole, which is one of the principall nurserys 
 of both universityes, he humbly prayes his losse of Termes may be allowed him, 
 and he admitted to take his Bachelours Degree this terme, doing his exercises 
 for the same. Jan. 1694. This is humbly recommended to his Grace the Duke 
 of Ormonde's favour by Dr. Busby." For further information concerning 
 Maittaire see Alumni Westmon. p. 198; Alumni Oxonienses, 1500 — 1714, vol. iii. 
 p. 990 ; Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. iv. pp. 556-66 ; Bid. of Nat. Bioy. 
 vol. XXXV. p. 384. 
 
 ^ Sir Thomas Robinson, the grandson of Busby's first cousin. Sir Thomas 
 Robinson, Treasurer of the Inner Temple, was the only son of Sir Lumley 
 Robinson, of Kentwell, Suffolk, by his wife Anne, only surviving child of John 
 Lawrence of Westminster. He was baptized in the Abbey on 14th July, 1681, and 
 succeeded his father as third baronet on 6th June, 1684. He matriculated at 
 Balliol College, Oxford, on 23rd Sept., 1695, aged 14, but does not appear to have 
 taken any degree. He married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Hare, 
 Bart., of Stow Bardolph, Norfolk, and died at Beccles, without issue, on 21st
 
 42 
 
 >rE^rOIR OF lUCHARD BUSBY 
 
 April, 1743, when the title became extinct. His sister Anne, who was baptized 
 in the Abbey on 5th October, 1682, married Sir Comport Fytche, Bart., of Soiithhill 
 in Eltham, Kent, and was buried at Eltham on 29th April, 1737. Though there 
 were several children of this marriage, the descendants of Lady Fytche became 
 extinct in the last ceiatury. See Chester's Westininster Abbey Register (Harl. Soe. 
 Pub., No. X.). pp. 72, 210, 227 ; Alumni Oxonienses, 1500—1714, vol. iii. p. 1269 ; 
 and JVotes and Queries, 8th Series, iii. 427, iv. 151, 239, viii. 127. 
 
 Tlic Seal of the Goveriioi's of the Schools and Mmshouse.s of Westminster. Reverse.
 
 CHAPTEE III 
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE {continued) 
 
 Busby's publications — His portraits — Busby relics in possession of the School — 
 Letters written to and by Busby — Books dedicated to Busby — Anecdotes of 
 Busby. 
 
 Busby's publications are neither very numerous nor important. The}' 
 consist of grammars and expurgated editions of the classics compiled 
 for the use of the School. Some of the grammars were prohably 
 the composition of his ushers and scholars, revised and corrected 
 by himself^ Several of these compilations, in a more or less altered 
 form, were in use at Westminster some sixty years ago. Any 
 attempt to compile a bibliography of Busby's books would be futile. 
 He never put his name to a book, and it is impossible to say how 
 far he was responsible for any of the books which have been 
 attributed to him. AVood gives a list of " the things that go under 
 his name, or reported to be his, tho' probably ^\Titten by some of 
 his ushers." ^ This list has been more or less closely followed b}' 
 
 ^ Philip Henry ''was employed by Dr. Busby, as some others of the most 
 ingenious and industrious of his Scholars were, in their reading of the Greek 
 authors, to collect, by his Dii'cction, some Materials for that excellent Greek- 
 Graunner, which the Doctor afterwards publish'd " {An Account of the Life (imt 
 Death of Mr. Philip Henry, second edit. 1G99, j). 9). 
 
 - Athetidi 0:ronienseft, vol. iv. p. 418. 
 
 43
 
 44 ME^rOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 Kippis in the Biographia Brkannica (vol. iii. p. 54), and by Canon 
 Overton in the Dictionary of National Biography (vol. viii. p. 
 31). All three lists commence with A short institution of grammar 
 for the use of Westminster School. 1647. Camb. 8", a book 
 which npon examination will l)e found to contain a dedication to 
 Osbaldiston and Busby, signed by *' F. Gregorius " ! Hearne, wTiting 
 on 14tli November, 1709, says that Busby, besides a Latin and Greek 
 Grammar, wrote " a small Hebrew Grammar, which after it had 
 been handed about in MSS*., and continually transcrib'd for the 
 use of the Boys at Westminster Schoole, was printed at y° Theater 
 above a year since in 8'" in 2 sheets and a half or thereabouts. 
 Mr. Gagnier, a French gentleman who lately publish'd Josephus 
 Ben Gorion, from the Theater Press, and is now a Teacher of y^ 
 Hebrew Language in Oxford, and is esteem'd by able judges to be 
 a comj)leat Master of it, has publickly affirm'd that he thinks this 
 Epitome to be the best that has yet been made, and that 'tis 
 preferrable both to Buxtorfs and Schickard's. I have been 
 inform'd by one that was lately student of Christ Church, and 
 once a Scholar to Dr. Busby, that he also writ an Arabick Grammar, 
 w''^ Language was likewise taught in that schoole, the Dr. having 
 some skill in it. The Dr. was for introducing also some other 
 Languages into his School, on purpose that it might be said y* most, 
 if not all, learned Languages were taught in it, being acted in this 
 affair purely by whim. And I have often heard it said, that tho' 
 he was a truly learned man in Classical Learning, yet he indulg'd 
 strangely to his Fancy, and was extremely whimsical, and that his 
 severe Discipline was chiefly owing to this Temper. After his Latin 
 Grammar came out he was continually altering of it, almost every
 
 SOME ACCOUXT OF HLS LIFE 45 
 
 hour, and 'twas usual witli him to make his scholars get those 
 alterations by heart, tho' they had been masters of his grammar 
 before. When any scholars came from other Schools, tho' they 
 had read over and got by heart Lilly's Grammar several times, yet 
 he would always make them set about his own, and spend time 
 in getting it off intirely. I have also heard some that knew the 
 Dr. very well, say that he was a better judge of other Men's 
 compositions than a good Composer himself, tho' he was certainly 
 a very clear-headed man." ^ Maittaire describes Busby as " vir in 
 Linguae Grsecse turn cognitioue tum institutione omnibus sevi sui 
 ac prseteriti forsanque et futuri magistris longe superior." ^ He 
 mentions the fact that Busby would not allow his pupils to use 
 Scapula's Thesaurus. Felton tells us that " Dr. Busby strictly 
 forbad the use of Notes, and for our Greek and Latin authors we 
 had nothing but the plain Text in a correct and chaste edition." ^ 
 " Under such a master," he adds, " they could do no Good, there 
 was no need of the Best ; and the others might do a great deal of 
 Hurt by infecting the Children at once with their own Blunders 
 and Dulness." 
 
 Portraits of Busby are fairly numerous. A reproduction of the 
 well-known portrait of the famous Head-master in a huge wideawake, 
 with a favourite pupil standing by his side, forms the frontispiece 
 
 1 Hearne's Collections (Oxford Hist. Soc. Pub., No. vii.), vol. ii. pp. 307-8. In 
 another place Heiirne refers to Busby's " two Greek Grammars, one in prose and 
 another in verse, the latter suppos'd to be made by his scholars and revis'd by 
 him " {ibid. vol. i. p. 302) ; and again, " Dr. Busby had two volumes of Greek 
 Words, collected out of divers authors, which were not to be found in Stephen's 
 Thesaitrus " (ibid. vol. ii. p. 184). 
 
 - Stejihaiioo'um llistoria, 1709, vol. i. part ii. p. 358. 
 
 ■' Diisstrtatiou on readiiuj the Classics au<l Jormiiuj a just ^(t/le, 171^<, pp. U-ii.
 
 46 MEMOIR OF EICHAED BUSBY 
 
 to this volume. This picture, which adorns the hall of Christ 
 Church, Oxford, and is said to have been painted by John Riley,^ 
 was engraved in mezzotint by J. Watson in 1775. There are also 
 portraits of Busby in the Chapter-house and in the Common Eoom 
 of Christ Church, and in the Library of the same college there is a 
 bust by Rysbrack.- At tlie School there are three portraits as well 
 as a plaster cast of the Rysbrack bust. There is also a portrait at 
 Willen Vicarage. According to Wood,^ " Busby never permitted his 
 picture to be drawn. The moment he was dead his friends had a 
 cast in plaster taken from his face, and thence a drawing in crayons, 
 from which White engraved his print, ^ and Bird carved his image." ^ 
 If Wood is correct, the portrait in the hall at Christ Church cannot 
 
 ^ The pupil in the background is popuhxrly supposed to be Philip Henry, but 
 the names of Robert South and Matthew Henry have also been suggested. With 
 reference to this point it should be remembered that Philip Henry was elected to 
 Christ Church in 1647, and that Riley was not born until 1646. In the revised 
 Catalogue of the Loan Exhibition of National Portraits at South Kensington in 
 1866 (No. 943), the name of the painter is significantly absent. 
 
 - Wood's Antiquities of the Colleges and Halls in the University of Oxford, edited 
 by John Gutch, vol. iv. app. pp. 292, .301, 302 ; The Colleges of Oxford, edited by 
 the Rev. Andrew Clark, 1891, p. 311. 
 
 2 Athence Oxonienses, vol. iv. p. 420. 
 
 ^ There is a copy of this print by Robert White in the British Museum without 
 a date. It has been reproduced for this volume. Amongst the items in Needham's 
 accounts, given in the Chancery suit instituted after Busby's death, are "to Mr. 
 Tilson for drawing the Doctor's Picture and Frame .£12; to Mr, White for engraving 
 the Doctor's Picture £5 10s." (Lansdowne MSS. 655, f. 29). Henry Tilson was 
 educated under Sir Peter Lely,and is described by Luttrell "as an eminent painter 
 in Lincoln's Inn Fields." He shot himself in Nov. 1695, at the age of thirty-six. 
 See Luttrell's Brief Historical Relation of State Affairs, 1857, iii. p. 555. Other 
 prints of Busby will be found in Nichols's Illustrations of Literary History, etc. y 
 vol. iv., opp. p. 395, in the Oxford Almanack for 1742, and in Old and New London, 
 vol. iii. p. 474. 
 
 ^ For the monument in Westminster Abbey.
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 49 
 
 have been painted by Riley, as that artist died in 1691, some four 
 years before Busby. 
 
 There are curiously few relics of Busby at the school which he 
 made so famous. The books which he bequeathed by his third 
 codicil,^ the portraits and bust previously alluded to, a chair in which 
 he is supposed to have sat, one of his account books, the details 
 of which will be given in a subsecjuent chapter, and a MS. poem 
 of extremely doubtful authenticity, entitled " A Warning to ve 
 Protestant Peers from their best of Friends the Jesuits," ' are all 
 that remain. 
 
 Among the manuscripts relating to Busby in the British Museum 
 are "A Latin Meditation or Soliloquy, transcribed from a 
 Manuscript of Dr. Busby, composed by him on a Good Friday " 
 (Harl. MSS. 7017, f. 134) ; Busby's accounts as Treasurer of the 
 Abbey for the year ending on Michaelmas Day, 1664 {ibid. 4184) ; 
 " Grammatica Hebrsea in epitomen redacta, in usum Scholse West- 
 monasteriensis a lUchardo Busbeio, S.T.P." (Addit. MSS. 30,171); 
 and two English translations of Busby's " Greek Verse Grammar" 
 (Harl. MSS. 5750, 6528). 
 
 A collection of Latin letters, etc. addressed to Busby is preserved 
 amongst the Burney MSS.^ The Museum also possesses letters 
 
 ^ Many of these cannot now be identified, 1)ut a few have their covers stamped 
 with the Busby arms and crest. 
 
 2 Bound up with the copy in the tSchool Library of Academice Oxoniensis 
 Gratula'io pro Exoptalo ISereiussinio Regis GuUelmi ex Jliberiiia Reditu, 1690. 
 According to the catalogue, this poem " is said to have been written by Dr. Busby," 
 but no authority is given. 
 
 '^ Burney MSS. 520. The names of the writers of the letters and exercises in 
 this volume are Roger Fowke, William Dugard, Richard Duke, Philip Bouquet, 
 David Jones, William Thomas of Leicester, Timothy Redman, Michael Thompson, 
 
 and Thomas Spark. 
 
 r.
 
 50 MKMOIR OF EICHAED BUSBY 
 
 written to Busby by Atterbury/ Sir William Morice,^ and Jonatlian 
 Dryden.^ Letters addressed to Busby by Abraham Cowley,^ James 
 Scudamore, Humphrey Prideaux, Ealpli Batliurst, Jolm Dryden,^ 
 Lady Elizabeth Dryden,^ Stephen Zalori, Mrs. Dorothy Toore/ 
 Eichard Old, James Viscount Lanesborough, and Thomas Severne 
 are printed in the fourth volume of Nichols's Illustrations of the 
 Litevary History of the Elgliteenth Century (pp. 395 — 40G). 
 
 The four letters printed in Darnell's Correspondence of Isaac 
 Basire,^ and the letter in Wood's Lfe and Times,^ are the only 
 letters written by Busby of which there is any knowledge. 
 
 A singular number of books were dedicated to Busby. The 
 following list is probably far from exhaustive. 1. Francis Gregory's 
 Short Institution of Grammar, 1647. 2. Henry Tlmrman's Py'«j?u' 
 Grammatica in Decalogum, 164:7 . 3. William James's EISAFlirH 
 in Ling ram Chaldeam, 1651. 4. Henry Stubbe's Horce Suhsecivce, 
 1651. 5. John Crosbie's Catechesis ChristiancB Religionis Canonica, 
 1661. 6. William AValker's Treatise of English Particles, 1663. 
 7. Edward Wetenhall's Gifts and Ojjices in the Puhlic Worship of 
 God, 1679-76. 8. Thomas Spark's Zosirni Coniitis et Exadvocati 
 Fisci Histories novcB, lihri sex, nobis illustrati, 1679. 9. Nathaniel 
 
 ^ Addit. MSS. 5144, tf. 48, 50, 52. These two letters and a school exercise are 
 printed in The Epistolary Correspondence of Francis Atterbury, 1783-90, vol. iv. 
 l-p. 316-27. 
 
 2 Addit. MSS. 28,104, f. 11. 3 Birch MSS. 4291, f. 191. 
 
 ^ Printed also in Gentleman s Mag., 1787, p. 847. 
 
 ^ ibid. pp. 943-4, and in the Works of Johi Dryden, 1821, vol. xviii. pp. 
 9G— 100. 
 
 •^ Printed also in the Works of Jolm Dryden, vol. xviii. p. 97 note. 
 
 ^ This letter gives an account of the fire in the Temple, at which Busby's 
 cousin, Sir Thomas Robinson, lost his life on 2nd August, 1684. 
 
 ^ See ante, p. 28 note 7. ^ See ante, p. 30 note 1.
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 51 
 
 Haubury's Horologia scioterica, etc., 1683. 10. Thomas Spark's 
 Lucii Ccelii Lactantii Firmiani opera, 1684. 11. Nathaniel 
 Hanbury's Supplementuin Anah/ticum ad JEquationes Cartesianas, 
 1691. 12. Francis Gregory's Doctrine of the Glorious Trinity, 
 1695.' 
 
 A few anecdotes of Busby's caustic humour liave been preserved 
 out of the many which have perished. Every one knows the 
 familiar story of his apologizing to Charles the Second, whom he 
 was escorting over the school, for keeping on his hat in the royal 
 presence, on the ground that it would never do to let the boys 
 believe there was a greater man in the world than himself. 
 
 Once in a large company he sat at table between Mrs. South and 
 Mrs. Sherlock, when the conversation turned upon wives. Busby, 
 being asked his opinion, said that he believed wives in general were 
 good, though, to be sure, there might be a bad one litre and a bad 
 one there. 
 
 " Will you permit me, giant, to pass to my seat ? " said an Irish 
 baronet to Busby one day in a coffee-house. " Certainly, pigmy," 
 said the Doctor. " Sir," foamed the Irishman, " I alluded to the 
 vastness of your intellect." " And I, sir," quietly replied Busby, 
 " to the size of your own." 
 
 The famous Father Petre, who had been educated under Busby at 
 "Westminster, met him one day in St. James's Park. Petre accosted 
 
 1 I have been unable to meet -with copies of Nos. 3, 4, and 10, and have 
 consequently been unable to verify the dedications in those cases. Tluee MSS. 
 are also dedicated to Busby, viz. J. Bcunet's Optica Mathematica (Brit. Mus. Sloane 
 MSS. 4403, art. 4), and two Latin translations by ^Villiam Jaiues of Bacon's 
 liegince Elizahethce fcelicilas, 1G52, and Gracian's lleros Laurentii, 1654, in the 
 School Library.
 
 52 MEMOIR OF KICHARD BUSBY 
 
 his old master, but Busby declared that he could not recognize him 
 in that dress, and Petre had to introduce himself. " But, sir," said 
 Busby, " vou were of another faith when you were under me ; how 
 dared you change it ? " " The Lord had need of me," replied the 
 priest. " The Lord had need of you, sir ! " retorted Busby, " why, 
 I have read the Scrij^jtures as much as any man ; and I never knew 
 that the Lord had need of anything but once, and then it was 
 an ass. 
 
 Busby is said to have been in the habit of saying that his rod 
 was his sieve, and that whoever could not pass through that was 
 no boy for him.^ 
 
 It is related by Hone, that one day during Busby's absence from 
 his study, one of his boys " found some plums in it, and being moved 
 by liquorishness, began to eat some ; first, however, he waggishly 
 cried out, ' I publish the banns of matrimony between my mouth 
 
 ^ This " pleasant relation of Busby and Father Petre " was told to Abraham de la 
 Pryme in July 1695 {Diary of Abraham de la Pryme (Surtees Soc. Pub., No. 
 liv.), p. 60). It is also to ba found in Revolution Politicks: being a Compleat 
 Collection of all the Rejwrts, Lyes, and Stories, which ivere the Forerunners of the 
 Great Rebellion in 1688 (1733), part iv. p. 28. 
 
 2 Seward's Anecdotes, 1804, vol. ii. p. 150, where Dr. Johnson is given as the 
 authority for this statement. No reference to it can be found in Dr. Birkbeck 
 Hill's edition of Boswell's Johnson. According to the amusing but unreliable 
 Reminiscences and Recollections of Captain Gronow, 1892. vol. i. p. 208, Busby on 
 one occasion had the tables turned on him by an old pupil. " He was once 
 invited, during a residence at Deal, by an old Westminster — who, from being a 
 very idle, well-flogged boy, had, after a course of distinguished service, been named 
 to the command of a fine frigate in the Downs — to visit him on board his ship. 
 The doctor accepted the invitation ; and after he liad got up the ship's side, the 
 captain piped all hands for punishment, and said to the astonished doctor, ' You 
 
 d d old scoundrel, I am delighted to have the opportunity of paying you off 
 
 at last. Here, boatswain, give him three dozen.' "
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE 53 
 
 and these plums ; if any liere j^resent know just cause or impedi- 
 ment why they should not be united, you are to declare it, or 
 hereafter hold your peace,' and then he ate. But the doctor had 
 overheard the proclamation, and said nothing till the next morning, 
 when, causing the boy to be ' brought up,' and disposed for punish- 
 ment, he grasped the well-known instrument and said, ' I publish 
 the banns of matrimony between this rod and this boy ; if any of 
 you know just cause or imj^ediment why they should not be 
 united, you are to declare it.' The boy himself called out, ' I forbid 
 the banns ! ' ' For what cause ? ' incjuirecl the doctor. ' Because,' 
 said the boy, 'the parties are not agreed.' The doctor enjoyed 
 the validity of the objection urged by the boy's wit, and the 
 ceremony was not j)erformed." ^ 
 
 We may conclude this chapter with an anecdote, from which 
 it would appear that Busby sometimes exercised lictorial powers over 
 others besides his scholars. 
 
 One hot afternoon, as Busby was correcting themes in the school- 
 room, there was a great noise of juniors playing in Little Dean's 
 Yard. Busby twice sent down the monitor to stop the riot, but as 
 this had no effect he dispatched several big boys with orders 
 to bring up the chief culprits. A lean Frenchman' happened to l)e 
 standing in Dean's Yard, enjoying the view of the Abbey, and 
 smiling at the gam(3.^ of the boys. Ilim Busl)y's emissaries seized, 
 
 ^ Hone's Everi/-(laij Hook, 1S30, vol. ii. p. 35; sec also the previous page, on 
 which is given a representation of Busby's chair, " said to have been designed by Sir 
 Peter Lily {sic), and presented by tliat artist to King Charles II." An undated 
 lithograpli of this allegorical cliair, " fioia the original by Sir Peter Lely : pre- 
 sented to Dr. Busby by King Charles II.," was published by Codfrcc Ginger, 
 Bookseller to the School.
 
 54 
 
 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 and dragged, frantically resisting, up the school-room steps. " Horse 
 him," said Busby quietly, when the young rogues had declared that 
 " this was the man who had made all the noise," and to the unspeak- 
 able delight of the whole school the Frenchman was well whipped, 
 and then hustled out. Boiling with rage, he hastened to the nearest 
 coffee-house, and there wrote out a challenge, which he sent to 
 Busby by a street porter. The Doctor had no sooner read the paper 
 than he said, " Fetch me a rod, and horse this man," and the porter 
 was forthwith served like his principal. He returned to the coffee- 
 house with starting eyes to tell what had happened to him, and this 
 time the Frenchman, fairly vancjuished, could only exclaim, " C'est 
 un diable." 
 
 Tlie old Rod-drawer and Busby's Chair.
 
 CHAPTER IV 
 bagshawe's quarrel with busby 
 
 Bagshawe's True and Perfect Narrative — His appointment as second master — 
 Condemned "to teach the lowest elements of learning" — Accuses Busby 
 of violating the statutes — Busby takes an assistant — Bagshawe's objections 
 — Busby complains to the governors of Bagshawe's behaviour — Bagshawe's 
 defence — His suspension by the governors — His endeavour to make good 
 his title to the place of second master — His resignation^Owen Price's 
 letter to Henry Scobell — Bagshawe's subsequent career. 
 
 Edward Bagshawe was the son of Edward Bagshawe the elder, 
 M.P. for Southwark in the Long Parliament. He was educated at 
 "Westminster under Busby, and in 1646 was elected to Christ Church, 
 Oxford, where he made himself conspicuous by his insolent conduct 
 towards the authorities of the University. TVhen Bagshawe was 
 " a king's scholar at Westminster he was a little well-favourd white- 
 haired youth, nnd his Father was libernl to the IMaster ; all which 
 concurring with a good docible inclination made hhn one of Mr. 
 Busby's White Boys or Chief Favourites."^ On Bagshawe telling 
 AValter Pope that Busby had asked him to go to AVestminster, Pope, 
 who "very well knew both their Humours, and easily foresaw that 
 'twas absolutely impossible for those two, as the saying is, to set 
 
 ^ Pope's Life of Scih Ward, Lishop of Sidishnnj, 1G97, pp. 37-8. 
 
 55
 
 56 MEMOIR OF EICHAED BUSBY 
 
 their Horses togetlier," tried to dissuade Bagsliawe from accepting 
 the post. 
 
 After his dismissal from Westminster, Bagshawe published an 
 account of his quarrel with Busby in a pamphlet entitled " A True 
 and Perfect Narrative of the Differences between Mr. Bushy and 
 Mr. Bagshawe, the first and second Masters of Westminster School. 
 Written long since, and now published in answer to the Calumnies 
 of Mr. Pierce" London, 1G59, 4°. In the preface, which is signed 
 "Edw. Bagshawe," and dated "Christ Church, May Gth, 1659," 
 Bagshawe made a fierce attack upon Thomas Pierce, Rector of 
 Brington, Northamptonshire, afterwards Dean of Salisbury, to whom 
 he attributed the authorship of " Reflexions upon a practicall Dis- 
 course lately printed at Oxon." ^ The anonymous writer of these 
 Reflexions, one Lawrence Womack, afterwards Bishop of St. David's, 
 while criticizing Bagshawe's Practicall Discourse concerning Gods 
 Decrees, etc.,^ w\as bold enough to state that he could " as little 
 approve the man's Doctrine as justifie his Practice," and then went 
 on to incjuire, " Was he not sometime Scholar to Master B. and 
 afterwards his usher at Westminster School ? Had he not once a 
 design to supplant His Master, and was outed himself ? Are not 
 these sermons calculated, think you, to serve such unworthy ends ? 
 Doth he not herein endeavour to set forth God for a President 
 
 ^ Tliese Reflexions are appended to " Arcana Dogmatum Anti-Remonstrantium, 
 or the Calvinist's Cabinet unlock'd. In an apology for Tilenus, against a pretended 
 Vindication of the Synod of Dort. At the provocation of Master R. Baxter held 
 forth in the Preface to his Grotian Religion. Together with a few soft drops let 
 fall upon the Papers of Master Hickman." London, 1659. 12°. 
 
 ^ Oxford, 1659 [12th Januai-y, 1658], 4". In his dedication " to the Honourable 
 my Lord Bradshawe, Lord Chief Justice of Chester," Bagshawe violently assails 
 Pierce for his Arminian teiiets.
 
 BAGSH awe's quarrel WITH BUSBY 57 
 
 of sucli Decrees as he would liave others execute ? [viz. The Absolute 
 Eeprobation of a very deserving Master and the Absolute Election 
 of a most unthankfull Scholar]." Pierce replied to Bagshawe in 
 a ''Letter to the Learned and Reverend Dr. Ileijlin concerning 
 Mr. Hickman and Mr. Bagshaw." ^ He pointed out that " the 
 impiety " of Bagshawe's preface confuted his book, and pertinently 
 asks, "For after so palpable a falsity upon which he begins with 
 Mr. Pierce, what honest man will ever heed him of what he adds of 
 Mr. Busby ? " In perusing the following extracts from Bagshawe's 
 pamphlet, which gives us many interesting details concerning the 
 School in the days of the Commonwealth, one word of warning must 
 be given to the reader. He should always bear in mind tliat 
 " Light and Darkness are not more opposite than Mr. Busby, and 
 Mr. Busby as represented by Mr. Bagshaw and men of worth." '-^ 
 Bagshawe commences his True and Perfect Narrative by stat- 
 ing, that he went from Oxford to Westminster in the beginning of 
 1656, longing " to find out a way " how he might render Busby some 
 acceptable service. " For the effecting of this I found then but too 
 sad an ojoportunity offered, since, what by the Recess of Mr. Mncent," 
 
 ^ Appended to The Discoverer Discovered, etc. By Thomas Peirce, Rector of 
 Brington. London, 1659, 4°. Pp. 261—309. 
 
 2 The Discoverer Discover d, etc., p. 304. 
 
 ^ Thomas Vincent was usher of the fourth form when Pliilip Henry was 
 placed in it in 1643. He became second master in 1645. Pope says that he 
 " was a very honest and learned man, but of mean Parentage, Mr. Busby's servitor 
 at Oxford, and but one remove from it at Westminster " {Life of Seth Ward, Bisliop 
 of Salisbury, 1697, p. 37). He is also said to have been "a most able, diligent 
 schoolmaster, and one who grieved so much at the Dulness and Non-proficiency of 
 any of his Scholars, that falling into a consumption, I have heard Mr. Henry say 
 of him that he even killed himself witii false Latin" {An Accovnt of (he Lfe and 
 Death of Mr. Philip Ihnry, 1G99, p. 4).
 
 58 MEMOIR OF EICHAED BUSBY 
 
 the second Master, and the intended Departure of Mr. Little- 
 ton/ who had for some time supplied his Koom ; together with 
 an execrable fact committed lately before by Mr. Busby's nephew, 
 John Busby ^ (for which he was forced, or rather suffered to fly), I 
 found the School so sunk in Learning, and so lost in Reputation, 
 that scarce any one of Learning or Ingenuity would undertake any 
 Imployment in it." 
 
 At the election in May 1656, Thomas Vincent expressed his 
 wish to retire on the ground of ill-health, and Bagshawe was 
 nominated to succeed him by Dr. Owen, Dean of Christ Church. 
 On 19th June following Bagshawe was appointed by the governors 
 to officiate temporarily for Vincent, and he was ultimately confirmed 
 in the place of " Usher or Second Master to the School of 
 Westminster," by an order of 4tli December, 1657. Soon after his 
 appointment Bagshawe says, " By his many Affronts in Publique, 
 and by his frerjueut Quarrels in Private, about so petty things that 
 I am ashamed to repeat them, such as the sitting with my Hat 
 on at Church, my slighting of Arabick, my not overvaluing his 
 Greek Grammar, and other Trifles of a much Inferior Nature, Mr. 
 
 ^ Adam Littleton was elected from Westminster to Christ Church, Oxford, in 
 1644. He succeeded Bagshawe as second master in 1658, a post which he resigned 
 in 1661, In 1670 he received from Charles II. a grant of the reversion of the 
 Head-mastership on the death of Busby, whom he pre-deceased on 30th June, 1694. 
 
 2 John Busby was doubtless the son of Timothy Busby, the Head-master's 
 elder brother. He was elected from Westminster to Christ Church, Oxford, in 
 1647, and graduated B.A. 16th December, 1650, M.A. 11th December, 1652. He 
 was expelled from his studentship by the Parliamentary Visitors in 1648, "restored 
 1650, punished 1653, a fugitive from Christ Church 1655" (Barrow's Register of 
 the Visitors of the University of Oxford (Camden Soc. Pub., New Series, No. xxix.), 
 p. 484). He appears to have been an usher at the School. Bagshawe alludes to 
 him again in the pamphlet as " a Worthless and Infamous Person," who " abused the 
 liberty of whipping."
 
 bagshawe's quarrel with busby 59 
 
 Busby had made me weaiy of my Place, long before he took an 
 occasion to force me out of it." In July 1657 "Mr. Busby, 
 altogether unknown to me, came from Chiswicke to Westminster," 
 and having called the attention of the governors to the statutes, 
 obtained an order from them " that the School-master ou2;ht to 
 have the care and instruction of the Scholars in the fourth, fifth, 
 sixth, and seventh Formes, and that the Usher ought to have the 
 care and Instruction of those in the first, second, and third Formes." 
 This appears to have annoyed Bagshawe exceedingly, for he com- 
 plains bitterly, (l) "I was in all hast, in that hot and sickly season 
 of the year, to be removed unto AVestminster from Chiswicke, 
 where I had fixed my Residence for that Summer, and where 
 likewise, npon all Removes of the Colledge, the second INIaster is by 
 Statute obliged to be. (2) I was not heard to speak for myself, and 
 yet was condemned, like a AVorthless Person, to teach the lowest 
 Elements of Learning : a tedious and unpleasant Toyl ! from which 
 my Predecessors, by virtue of a long Custome, had been altogether 
 freed. For ever since the famous Mr. Camden's time^ (who 
 preceded me both in that Place and Priviledge) the second ]\Iaster 
 taught onely the third and fourth Formes ; and for the Instruction 
 of the first and second there was constantly an Usher deputed by 
 the Upper ^Master. Which Course was found very usefull to the 
 School, and very Convenient for both the ^Masters, for above sixty 
 years together, till Mr. Busby in that Claucular and Disingenuous 
 manner did sock an alteration. (3) Though Mi\ Busby did 
 
 1 William Camden, -n-lio received his early education at Christ's Hospital and 
 St. Paul's School, was second master of Westminster 1575-93, and Head master 
 1593—1610.
 
 60 MEMOIR OF EICHARD BUSBY 
 
 pretend thus zealously to urge Statute, yet I found afterwards 
 that he did conceal a very materiall part of it, viz, the Qualifications 
 of the Scholars which were to be in those three lower Forms. For 
 by the Statute none are to be admitted into the School but such 
 as have perfectly learned their Grammar, and can at least write 
 indifferently well. AYliereas Admissions have been all Mr. Busby's 
 time so Irregularly made, that now I w\as obliged to Teach many 
 who could not Write, some that could scarcely Eead, and almost 
 all who were yet to begin their Grammar." 
 
 Bagshawe then cites several statutes " which, notwithstanding his 
 oath and pretence of Conscience, Mr. Busby still without scruple 
 continues to violate," viz. — 
 
 " 1. That the Upper Master is not to Admit Scholars, remove 
 Formes, no, not so much as to give a Play-day by his sole 
 Anthority. 
 
 " 2. That the Upper Master is not to have ahovefour Boarders, 
 and those are to Diet in the Colledj-Hall. 
 
 " AVhereas Mr. Busby all his time has had between thirty and 
 forty at a time, and tliey boarded at excessive Eates in his own 
 House. 
 
 " 3. Tliat the Upper Master himself is constantly to Diet in the 
 Colled cj- Hall, or to lose his Commons. 
 
 " Whereas Mr. Busby is not only alwaies absent, contrary to his 
 Duty, but has gained near upon 80 lb. per ann. for his Diet, which 
 is more by above half than the statute allows.^ 
 
 ^ An ordei- was made by the Dean and Chapter on 14th December, 1640, that 
 "the School-master, the Receiver, and Keeper of the Library shall in lieu of tlieir 
 diet receive yearly from the Treasurer of the College every of them XX marks, to 
 be paid quarterly" {Extracts from Acts of Chapter, p. 17).
 
 bagshawe's quarrel with busby G1 
 
 " 4. That the Upper Master^ is not to take Admission- Plate of 
 his Boarders, hut it is to he given in to the use of the Colledge. 
 
 " Whereas Mr. Busby hatli not only received Plate of very great 
 value from liis Boarders, but challenges it as his Due." 
 
 Bagshawe having resolved to stay at his post, " and see unto what 
 Issue Mr. Busby would drive this his Innovation," submitted without 
 delay to the order. On 9tli July he petitioned the governors for 
 leave " to peruse the Colledg-Statutes, not only that I may know 
 what Books I am to Teach, but likewise that I may learn what are 
 those Priviledges which belong to Mr. Busby as Upper Master," and 
 at the same time he begged that " a severe scrutiny may be made 
 into my Life, ever since my coming hither; of which, when your 
 Honours are satisfied, I shall with the more comfort attend that other 
 Employment to which I am now reduced." Bagshawe was thereupon 
 called before the governors, " and having a Public Testimony given 
 me, in the presence of Mr. Busby, that the governors did not intend 
 to reflect upon me in the least manner, I withdrew cheerfully to 
 teach my little Boyes, and so continued all that summer ; not 
 omitting in the meanwhile any kind of Respect to j\[r. Busby, both 
 by my Letters and frequent Visits, which I hoped might prevaile with 
 him to allay his Fierceness, and so put out that Flame of Contention, 
 which Mr. Busby himself by his indirect dealing liad kindled." 
 
 " This evenness and seeming Insensibility of my Temper only laid 
 me open," says Bagshawe, " to New Projects . . . his next Plot was 
 to make his Minion and Usher Mr. James ^ stej) over me." On 29th 
 
 ^ William James, "being extraordinary rath-ripe and of prodijjious memory, 
 Avas entrcd into his accedence at five years of age" (Wood's Ath. Oxou. iii. G34). 
 At Westminster he made " marvellous proficiency under Mr. Busby, his most loving 
 master" {ibid.), and in 1G50 was elected head to Christ Church, Oxford. He
 
 62 MEMOIR OF EICHARD BUSBY 
 
 October, 1G57, Busby "presently after his Eeturii from Cliiswicke 
 (wliieli lie unseasonably hasted for that very purpose, the Schoole 
 not being then fit to receive the Scholars), came to the Governours, 
 and moved for leave to take an Assistant, pleading Old Age, and that 
 he ivanted a Crutch, with other arguments remote enough from his 
 True design : But insisting principally upon a Verball Concession 
 made to that purpose at the Election, 1G56, when as then the 
 alteration of the Formes was not so much as intended." The 
 governors made no objection to Busby's proposal, though they 
 allowed Bagshawe to appear before them and give his reasons 
 against it. At the next meeting of the governors, on 12th November 
 following, Bagshawe presented a "paper" containing his objections 
 to the appointment of an assistant master, in which he urged that 
 the " Statute is entended for our Rule throughout, in which I do not 
 find the least mention of an Assistant ; neither indeed could it be 
 there entended, because the Statute expressly limits the Number of 
 Scholars to 120 ; for this very reason, that the Masters might not be 
 burdened. So that if either of them do burden themselves, when 
 they need not, it is but equall that they should bear their own 
 Burden : and for Mr. Busby first to take so Unstatutable a Number, 
 as to have 170 under his own Care, and then to desire one to Ease 
 and Assist him, because he is overburdened ; this seems to signifie 
 onely that Mr. Busby hath a mind to make use of your Honours' 
 Authority, to Privilege himself in his Breach of Statute ; and so 
 Abuse your Indulgence unto a Patronage of his sinne." 
 
 graduated B.A. on 2nd Feb., 1653-4, M.A. on 30th June, 1656. In 1661 he 
 succeeded Littleton as second master. He died on 3rd July, 1663, "to the great 
 reluctancy of all who knew his admirable parts" (<6ic/.), and was buried in the 
 Abbey.
 
 BAGSHAWES QUARREL WITH BUSBY 63 
 
 In spite of Bagshawe's strenuous efforts, the governors resolved 
 that the former order concerning an assistant master should be 
 confirmed. On 13th November, the day after the order was made, 
 Busby " brought Mr. James into the School, and there with a great 
 deale of Ceremony placed him above me, employing him for the 
 most part to teach the fourth Forme, from which I was so lately 
 removed. Which Indignity," says the sensitive Bagshawe, " was so 
 much the greater, in that Mr. James was not only some otherwayes 
 Inferiour to me, but likewise many years my Juniour in the 
 University, and before that Change, Usher below me in the School." 
 He accordingly presented a petition to the governors for redress, 
 but the governors, " after a Disj^ute of at least five or six Houres," 
 came to the conclusion that no notice should be taken of it. Where- 
 upon Bagshawe entreated the governors as his " last request," to 
 make a searching inquiry into his conduct since he had been at the 
 School, for " I think," he modestly remarks, " I have lived with that 
 Integrity and Innocence, as your Honours will rather look upon me 
 with a Favourable Eye, for quiet suffering so much, than think I 
 have been tenderly used, in that I suffer no more." 
 
 Meanwhile Busby presented to the governors a petition to the 
 following effect — 
 
 "That the School hath flourished these 19 yeares, your 
 Petitioner being Master. That your Honours were i)leased to 
 make your order for your Petitioner's having an Assistant to him 
 at his own Charge, for liis better Government of the Scholars, 
 Absolute. Yet so it is that Mr. Edw. Bagshawe exercising the i)lace 
 of a Teacher in that School (whetlier as Second Master, Under 
 Master, or Usher, or how he is stiled in his Paltent, or whether he
 
 64 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 have a Pattent, your Petitioner knows not), doth express great 
 Discontent ao-ainst the said Order for an Assistant, and therefore 
 hath commanded his Scholars not to pay that Accustomed Civihty, 
 which is due from Scholars unto their Teacher, to the Assistant at 
 his passing by them ; and punished some of his Scholars for so 
 doing. Whereupon so great disorder ensued, that the Respect was 
 thereupon omitted to your Petitioner, which had been these 19 
 years due to him, 
 
 " Mr. Bagshawe likewise did command the Monitour to put your 
 Petitioner into his Monitour's Bill, and to shew that Bill unto him ; 
 thereby exposing your Petitioner to be endited by his own Monitour, 
 and pretending to a Power of Punishing your Petitioner. 
 
 " Mr. Bagshawe did likewise send a Monitour unto the Assistant, 
 to bid him hold his Peace. 
 
 " Mr. Bagshawe doth likewise refuse to teach poor Scholars, and 
 hath turned out one for being Poor. The power of putting in, and 
 turning out, being under your Honours, solely in your Petitioner. 
 Mr. Bagshawe doth likewise frec[uently take the Scholars from the 
 School, to teach them in his Chamber, which may occasion many 111 
 consequences. 
 
 " Your Petitioner, therefore, as in all duty bound, doth entreat 
 your Honours to prevent the Disorder and mine of the School. 
 
 "Signed. R. BUSBY. 
 
 '' Xovemh. 26." 
 
 Bagshawe's answer, according to his own account, " much satisfied 
 many of the Governours ; and they presently did seem to conclude 
 ^Ir. Busby's Charge not onely False but Frivolous." " Yet for 
 Form's sake," he adds, " those articles were examined three days
 
 £4 
 
 w 
 
 fcC 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 O
 
 ba(!shawk\s quaeeel with busby G7 
 
 tugctlier, and all tlic Boycs were brought iu, a.s iii an Enterlude, to 
 hear what they could say either for or against their Masters ; 
 although with this difterence, that my Scholars, though I was the 
 party prosecuted, stook close to me, and ]\Ir. Busby's could not by 
 any menaces be forced to say much against me." 
 
 In his attempt, when the examination had concluded, to give a 
 satisfactory explanation of his conduct, Bagshawe practically admittcil 
 the truth of the first three charges brought against him. In the 
 course of his speech he referred to the first clause in Busby's 
 petition, where it is stated that the assistant was to be maintained 
 at the Head-master's own charge. " This," said Bagshawe, " hath 
 been much insisted on, as if it were not injurious to any, but rather 
 Meritorious in Mr. Busby to keep an Assistant, he oftering so 
 liberally to maintainc him, without putting either the Colledgc or 
 your Honours unto any Charge. I shall endeavour with all ^Modesty 
 to take oif this Disguise ; for if ]Mr. Busby would indeed cuutcnl 
 himself with his Statutable Number of GO Schollars, and keep an 
 Assistant, 1 should then think that either the Good of the School, 
 or a Desire of case may be the IMotive ; but if Mr. Busby take in as 
 many Supernumeraries as he pleaseth. and thereliy swell the Number, 
 as sometimes it is, to 200 in those four upper h'ormcs ; i hope then 
 your Honours will conclude, that for Mr. Busby to kec]) an Assistant 
 at a Pension of £40 i)er Ann. will be much for his Ease, but more for 
 his Profit. Indeed so very much, that the very purchase of it is 
 worth twice as much as tlie Repairs of the School have cost Mr. 
 Busby : from the Credit of which Action perhaps it is, that ]Mr. 
 Busby doth thus presume upon )'<»ur Honours' Favour." 
 
 With regard to the insinuation that he " strangely delighted in
 
 68 MExMOIR OF RIOHAED BUSBY 
 
 Whipping," wliicli lie maiutaiiicd was conveyed in the second 
 charge, Bagshawe declared that " none ever used that part of 
 their Authority with greater Moderation than myself: in so 
 much that Mr. Busby, who now accuses me, hath often com- 
 plained to me, and seemed to take it ill, that I did not use the 
 Rod enough." 
 
 •' I could wish," Bagshawe adds, " there were some order taken 
 to limit and restrein the exorbitance of Punishment : that poor 
 little Boys may not receive 30, or 40, nay sometimes GO lashes 
 at a time for small and inconsiderable faults : I do not say that 
 this either now is or heretofore hath been too Inhumanely practised ; 
 Ijut I do say that it well becomes your Honours' Charity for ever to 
 Prevent it. For my own part, Avhether it proceeds out of my 
 Naturall Remissuess, or out of a sense of the Indignity, that such 
 kind of Punishment is neither fit for me to inflict, nor for my 
 Scholars to suff'er ; I could heartily wdsh that there were an Assistant 
 in Whipping rather than in Teaching ; it would be well if the two 
 Consuls here had their Lictors, that so w^e might not be both 
 Judges of the Fault, and Executioners of the Sentence, for fear 
 Passion, or something worse, do exasperate the Penalty. Truly, 
 I have seen, I forget myself, I have heard, I mean, so sad examples 
 of Cruelty in this kind, that I beleeve I could make your Honours 
 weep at the report of them. To instance no body else, within these 
 few years, there was a Worthless and an Infamous Person taught 
 here, Mr. Busby's Nephew, John Busby by Name; who did abuse 
 the Liberty of Whipping to such an Excess and Extravagance of 
 severity, tliat I do grieve for the Practise, l)ut I blush to think of 
 the Cause of it : and I do, in behalf of the School, much wonder
 
 bagshawe's quaeeel with busby 69 
 
 that the thing being so Notorious, was neither comphiined of, nor 
 thought fit to he reformed. I do humbly desire that for the future, 
 this Barljarous Licence may for ever he abolished, for it were better 
 the School should perish than such au Execrable use of Whipping 
 should a^ain be made." 
 
 To the fourth charge he declared, " I can speak it with a clearc 
 Conscience that none ever had a greater care of all his Scholars 
 indifferently whether poor or rich than myself; and therefore hope 
 your Honours will please to Repaire me against Mr. Busby, since 
 he doth not feare not only to accuse me of so Great a Crime, but 
 likewise endeavours so slenderly to prove it by the Testimony only 
 of one Youth, who ran away from School long since without my 
 Knowledg, and, by severall witnesses hath been proved to have been 
 long before my time, a Notorious Truant." " To give a more full 
 answer," Bngshawe adds, " I say that I do and alwaies did think that 
 the Scholars of the Foundation ought to be Taught for Nothing ; It 
 may perhaps become your Honours' care to enquire how they have 
 been dealt with as to that particular. And if the Burthen be found 
 too great, I do humbly desire that I may alwaies have the one half 
 of them under me ; that I may manifest how willing I am to 
 pcrformc that j)art of my Duty ; and how free I am from the least 
 Imputations of Covetousness." 
 
 To the fifth charge Bagshawe's reply was, " that the School being 
 new l.)uilt was so Baw,^ and the Weather so extreamly Cold, that 
 
 ^ Bagshawe probably refers here to the repairs made by Busby to which lie has 
 previously alluded. The Crcat School-room had been occupied by the boys for 
 more than half a century. On 7th May, 1500, it was " decreed by Ur. Dean and 
 the Prebendaries present that the now School IIouso is too low and too little to 
 receive the number of Scholars, that the old Dprtcr of late years being to be made
 
 70 MEMOin OF PJCHAED BUSBY 
 
 T dill provide a Fivo for my Scholars in an Out-room, and tauglit 
 tlicm there for an lioure only in the INForning ; which if it be a 
 Crime, then Compassion, Care, and Charity are Criminall ; and I 
 am glad that I am proved Guilty of them." 
 
 Accordino- to Bao'shawe's statement. " the Governors were 
 either so farre satisfied, or, at least, so far convinced that Mr. 
 Busby's articles were Impertinent, as they wh(jlly waved them ; 
 and yet being willing some way to Gratifie Mr. Busby, they 
 resolved however to remove me." After a long debate, which lasted 
 some six or seven hours, it was resolved that " Mr. Edward 
 Bao-shawe have time oiven him untill the Next Election, to make 
 good his Title unto the Under Master's place, and in the mean 
 while to be suspended from the School and Chambers." 
 
 The objection taken to Bagshawe's title as Second or Under 
 Master seems to have been that lie had no patent, and that his 
 a|)pointment had not been confirmed by the governors at the time 
 of his election by Dr. Owen. Bagshawe immediately laid his case 
 before Sergeant Maynard, William Conyars, and George Beire, all of 
 whom pronounced his appointment good and liis suspension illegal.^ 
 Acting upon "the authority and advice of those Able Persons," 
 Bagshawe continued in the School after the order of suspension. 
 "That which followed," he writes, " notwithstanding the clearness 
 of my Title, concerning Mr. Busby's commanding his Scholars, in an 
 Insolent and Ignominious manner, to thrust me out of the School ; 
 
 a larger School shall be with all convenient speed turned to the good use for the 
 benefit of the Scholars by such charitable contributions as shall be gathered for the 
 finishing thereof" (Extracts from Acts of Chcqyter, p. 10). 
 
 ^ The case, proofs, and opinions of counsel are all set out in full in the tract, 
 pp. 24-8,
 
 bagshawe's qua reel with busby 71 
 
 his Deputing an "undergraduate of Cambridg to supply my place ; 
 and at last his procuiing my staircase to be cut clown, thereby to 
 hinder ni}' access unto my Chamber : These beside the Injustice of 
 them, were Abuses of that Vile and Unmanly Nature, that as I 
 cannot think of them without lilushing, so I should not mention 
 them, but that I would mind myself how much cause I have to bless 
 Clod with enduing me with so extraordinary a measure of Patience, 
 as did enable me cheerfully to under2;o the weioht of so much 
 Publick Reproach and Ignominy." 
 
 When the order of Suspension had expired, Bagshawe appeared 
 before the governors to make good his title, which he did " 1)}' 
 delivering the substance of what is before related ; and did yet 
 further confirm it l^y many Parallel cases whicli were suggested to 
 me by Counsell." At last, however, " perceiving that no arguments 
 would prevail, there being still an Intention to keep me out of 
 Possession ; and finding likewise that my attendance, sometimes 
 eight or ten hours together, did much empair my Health, and 
 threatned me witli a Relapse into a Feaver, from wliidi 1 was but 
 then newly recovered ; and hearing likewise from the (jlovernours 
 own Testimony concerning me, that I had done enough, as to tliem, 
 l)oth to clear and Secure my Reputation, whicli was the principall 
 thing I cared thei'o to preserve ; therefore on ^Fay 10. 1058. I took 
 my leave of the (Tovernours, and of the C^ontroversie in a conclndiiig 
 speech." 
 
 In tliis speech Bagshawe maintained tlie justice of his cause, but 
 oftercil l)y the advice of his counsel — 
 
 " 1. Tliat the r*ounsel on bot1i sides may agree upon llic stating 
 of a case l)etween Mr. Busby and myself; wbi'b ^b;ill I'orlliwilli be
 
 72 MEMOIK OF RICHARD BIT,Sr>Y 
 
 presented to tlic Judges, or to anj" two of them, and tlieir Decision 
 sliall, as to me, be absolutely submitted to. Or else 
 
 " 2. That I may have leave to bring my action of the Case 
 ao-ainst .IMr. Busby ; wherein In' mutuall consent we will agree to 
 cut off all Forms of Pleading, and onely proceed to that special 
 matter which concerns my Title : in order to which, because I much 
 long for a speedy Issue, I will forthwith withdraw my Action of 
 Battery which I have already commenced against Mr. Busby, and 
 is now ready for a Triall." 
 
 " I stand already suspended," he went on to say, " and for ought 
 I know am to be expelled. The Eeason pretended is, my want 
 of Title, but your Honours know very well, that was not all the 
 Cause: since I might to this Day have quietly enjoyed my Place, 
 if I would have submitted to Mr. Busby's Arbitrary and Unstatut- 
 al)le Impositions." 
 
 After declaring that " this and nothing else was the True Ground 
 of our Difference," Bagshawe concluded by assuring the governors 
 that if he was " so Unhappy as to be conceived an obstacle " unto 
 their good intentions concerning " the Reformation of the Colledge, 
 and Prosperity of this Place," " or if, while I am here, you will not 
 please to redress those abuses, which yet you had never known had 
 not I discovered them, then — the Picverend and Worthy the Dean 
 of Cli. Chvrch doth fully iniderstand my Purpose, into whose hands 
 I do give up the Entire Disposing of that Place, which I received 
 from him : and humbly entreat him onely to Consult the Good and 
 Convenience of the School, though I be made a Sacrifice." Upon 
 this Bagshawe retired, and Owen, " after a violent and Earnest 
 Contention on my behalf many dales together, in which he was
 
 bagrhawe's quaeret. with p.rsp.Y 73 
 
 seconded only l)y my Lord Buadsliaw, .Mr. Browne, and Dr. 
 Stephens, on the Governours' Part ; ;ind only I)}' Mr. Cole his 
 assistant on the Electioners', — he did at last declare that I for peace 
 sake was willing to resign ni}" Place, and so proceeded to the 
 Nomination of another." A few days after Bagshawe's resignation, 
 '' the Governours thonoht fit to revoke their order of an Assistant 
 to Mr. Busby as Unstatutable ; the Desiring of which at first, was 
 the Occasion of this Unhappy Controversie ; and all tliose Privi- 
 ledges which by the Statute belong to the Second Master, and in 
 the Claime of which I miscarried, have l)een since by the Governours 
 Voluntarily Conferred on Mr. Littleton, my Learned and AVorthy 
 Successor." 
 
 From the following letter^ it would appear that Owen Price, 
 Master of ]\Lagdalen CN^llege School, aspired to the post vacated by 
 Bagshawe. 
 
 ''June 21, lOoS. Oxon., Mdij.L <'<'1I. 
 
 " Dear and Honoured Sir, 
 
 '•' I cannot l)ut l)e trouliled att the slownes of the 
 governors in ]»utting a period to my buisnes. wliicli you were 
 pleased (when 1 took m}' leave of you) to look upon as done. 
 And, being the report of it is spread in this countrey, that is, has 
 disswaded several persons from sending their children to me upon 
 the ensuing cjuarter of Midsummer (to say nothing of many other 
 inconveniences), I fear I shall suffer by it very much if it does not 
 succeed. Tn the judgment of all those wise Cln'istians, both here 
 and among v<»u, whom 1 liave advised witli. tlicre appears very 
 much of Ciod in tliis unexpected providence of l)riiiging mo to the 
 
 1 Peek's Desiderata L'urioaa, 1771', p. 502.
 
 74 MEMOIR OF PJCHAED BUSBY 
 
 place, but there appears more of tlie divell in keeping me out of it ; 
 in tliat lie is so arowsed as to incense all liis agents, both here and 
 at Westminster, to sett all their witts on worke to conspire 
 against me. 
 
 " What the remora is, I would gladly knowe. For, if my parts 
 and qualification for the place be called in question, let any scholars 
 in Oxon be appointed to make a tryall of my boyes here ; or I will 
 wayt upon the governors to the school at AYestminster, and they 
 shall hear me teach. 
 
 "But whatever they have to object, I doubt not l)ut I shall 
 satisfye them that I am ^x^r negocio, if they will be so uncivill as to 
 eall my abilitie in question, who can produce of my scholars, during 
 these eight years that I have 1)in schoolmaster (througli grace) 
 more godley men and preachers (some whereof have passed the 
 approvers) than some (that keepe greater noise than I do) liave with 
 their xx years labour. 
 
 '■ But the Lord that teaches to profitt gives the increase. If he 
 will so vindicate his own name and interest, as to put it into your 
 heart to make choice of me, I shall labour, in his strength and fear, 
 to be faythfull. If not, I shall troul)le you no more ; but rest 
 
 " Yours in the firmest bonds, 
 
 " Owen Price." 
 
 '■ For the right worshipful Henry Scobell, Esq. ; secretary to 
 lii^ liighnes his Council] in Wliitehall, these. 
 
 " Consideration.'^ to be ]-)roposed to the Jionourahle the f/overnors 
 of tlic free sehool att Westminster. 
 
 "1. That whereas the second schoolmaster of that school was wont 
 to teach the third and fourth formes (as it hath bin a constant 
 custome for about sixty years), and that now, upon the occasion of 
 a late quarrel, this metliod is disordered by taking u}) the third
 
 BAGSH awe's QUAERET. WITH BUSBY 75 
 
 sclioolmastev into tlie upper school, and by casting down tlic second 
 to teach the three lowest formes. It is desired that the school may 
 be reduced to its former order, and that the second schoolmaster 
 may have the full benefit of those boys whom he teaches for himself. 
 
 " 2. That there be no restraint upon him to be constant with the 
 gown boyes at bed and boord ; but that sometime he may visite 
 his familie, it being in the neighbourhood. For one Mr. Harding 
 (who was the second schoolmaster, and a married man,) had his 
 abode in his own family ; the statutes not requiring that the second 
 should be more constant with them than the head schoolmaster. 
 
 " 3. It is desired that the schoolmasters should pray in English 
 in their turns, not using the same form. And that he that prays 
 should call one of the boyes to read a chapter in the English Bi1)le. 
 And that all the boyes should give an accompt of tlie chapter read, 
 as the master is pleased to ask." 
 
 Bagshawe returned to Christ Church, and soon afterwards toolc 
 a prominent part in an agitation in the University for the aliolition 
 of hoods and caps, which were descriljcd liy the godly party as 
 " Reliques of Popery and Eags of the Scarlet Whore." ^ He was 
 sub.sequently ordained by Dr. Ralph Brownrigg, Bishop of Exeter, 
 and became Vicar of Ambrosden in Oxfordshire. After the Restor- 
 ation he was appointed Chaplain to the Earl of Anglesey. He was 
 ejected from his vicarage in 1002, and in Decemlier of that year was 
 thrown into prison for abusing the Government. On his release 
 ^yood tells us that he '• fell to the old trade of ('onventicliiig and 
 raisino' sedition." For refusino' to take the oaths of alk'iiiaiicc and 
 
 O o o 
 
 supremacy he was again committed to ]^risou. TTo died in Toilnll 
 Street, Westminster, on 28th December. 1071. and was burici] in 
 
 ^ Vo])ii'A Life of Scfh IVanf, ll'ishop of Sidishitrii, [>. ;).">.
 
 t h 
 
 :\IEMOIK C»F EICHAED BUSBY 
 
 Bunliill Fields, '• lacing tlien accompanied to that place by near a 
 thousand of protestant dissenters. 
 
 '• 1 
 
 ^ For furfchex* information concerning Bagshawe's career see Wood's Athence 
 O.t'onienses, vol, iii. pp. 94t-50 ; Pope's Life of Seth Ward, Bishop of Salisbury, 
 pp. 36 — 40; Ahimni Wcsfmoji., pp. 125-6; and Diet, of Xat. Bio;:/., vol. ii. pp. 
 402-3. 
 
 Great Dean's Yard.
 
 CHAPTER \' 
 
 SCHOOL LIFE AT WESTMINSTER IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTUKY 
 
 The daily routine of a Westminster boy — The attack upon the Abbey— Philip 
 Henry's Diary — Ralph Montagu's illness — Evelyn's visit to the School at 
 election time — William Taswell's Diary — "Jack Presbyter" burnt — The 
 Declaration of Indulgence read in the Abbey — Francis Lynn's Diary — Colin 
 Campbell's experiences — Some practical jokes — The story of the School 
 curtain. 
 
 The following account of the daily routine of a Westminster 
 sclioul-boy in the second decade of the seventeenth century is 
 preserved amongst the State Papers in the Public Record OtHce.^ 
 The boy's name is unknown, but the transcript is said to l)e in 
 the handwriting of Archbishop Laud, who was a J^rebendary ttf 
 Westminster from 1G21 to 1G28. 
 
 '■ This course was in ni}' time taken b}' the tSchoulm' of W'estm : 
 spec : for those of the Gth and 7tli formes wherein I s})ent my time 
 there. 
 
 '* About a (|'' of an houre after 5 in the morning we were callrd 
 up by one of the Monitors of the chamber (with a s/nyitc), and 
 aft*" Lat. prayers we went iiiti» the cloyst"' to wash,- and thence 
 
 1 Domestic J'ajjers : i'harhs /., vol. dxxxi. no. 'M . 
 
 - These ablutions probably took place in the centre of the Little Cloisters. 
 Tlie old lavatory of the Monks in the Great Cloisters was bricked up soon jiftcr 
 the Dissolution of the Monasteries. 
 
 77
 
 78 :MEMuirv ok kichakd busby 
 
 in oixlcr two b}' two to the sclioole, where we were to be by 6 of 
 the i-loek at the furthest. 
 
 " Between G and 8 we repeated our grammar p*' (out of Lilie 
 for Lat., out of Cambden for the Greek), ^ 14 or 15 being seleeted 
 and calk'd out to stand in a semi-circle before the ]\l!' and other 
 scholars, and there repeated 4 or 5 leaves in cither, the M!" appoint- 
 ing who should beginne, and wlio should goe on with such and 
 such ruk^s. After this we had 2 exercises tliat varied everie other 
 morn'-: : the first morning we made verses extempore lat, and g'.', 
 upon :2 or 3 severall tlieames, and they that made the best 2 or 3 
 of tliem had some nionie given them by the schoolm! for the most 
 parte.- 
 
 '• Tile ■2'\ niorn^ one of the 7'.^ forme was called out to expound 
 some parte of a Latin or g\ author, Cicero, Livie, Isocr : Hom'.', 
 
 1 William Lily was the first high master of .St. Paul's School. His Latin 
 Urdiiimai' was founded on " Joannes Coleti Theologi olim Decani Divi Pauli 
 ivditio una cum quibusdam G. Lilii Grammatices vudimentis," the dedication of 
 which is dated 1st August, 1509. Lily received much assistance from Erasmus in 
 revising the first draft of his work. In consequence of a proclamation enjoining 
 the use of this book by Edward VI. in 1548, it received the name of Kitig Edward 
 the Sixths Lalin Grammar. It was also known as the Eton Lathi Grammar. 
 Camden published his Inst'diitio Grcicce Gram)natices C'o7nj)endiarta for the use of 
 ^Vestminster School in 1597. It was based on Grant's Grcecce LAnyum Spicilcrjiuuh 
 in Hcholai We.it mo > taster iensis Pro'ji/vinasmata dividijatum, 1575, and became after- 
 wards known as the Eton GreeJc Grammar. 
 
 - Cowper alludes in his Table Talk (lines 507 — 511) to this mode of reward 
 being still prevalent at the School in his day — 
 
 " At Westminster, where little poets strive 
 To set a distich upon six and five, 
 Where discipline helps opening buds of sense, 
 And makes his pupils proud with silver pence, 
 I was a poet too."
 
 SCHOOL LIFE AT WESTMINSTER IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTUEY 7 "J 
 
 Apolli : Xeiiopli : &c. tlicy of tlic 2 next formes were called to 
 give an account of it, some other parte of the day, or else they 
 were all of them {(jr such as were picked out, of whom the jM'. made 
 choice by the feare or confidence discovered in their lookes) to 
 repeat and pronounce distinctlie w'thout booke some piece of an 
 author that had been learnt the day before. 
 
 " From 8 to 9 we had time for beav'! ^ and recollection of 
 ourselves and preparation for future exercises. 
 
 "Betwixt 9 and 11 those exercises were reade which had been 
 enjoyued us overnight (one day in prose, the next day in verse) ; 
 which were selected by the M' ; some to be examined and punished, 
 others to be commended and proposed to imitation ; well being 
 done we had the practise of Dictamina, one of the 5"' forme being 
 called out to translate some sentences of an unexpected author 
 (extempore) into good Latin, and then one of the G"' or 7^'' forme 
 to translate the same (extempore also) into good grceke ; then the 
 W. himself expounded some parte of a Lat. or Gr. author (one 
 day in prose, another in verse) wherein we were to be practised 
 that afternoon. 
 
 " At dinner and supper times we reade some portion of the Lat. 
 
 1 Beaver, or bever, a name given to any refreshment taken between the 
 reguUir meals. Derived from the old French word beivre now boire, and originally 
 meaning " drink," or a " time of drinking." By an order of the Dean and 
 Chapter of 3rd December, IGOl, it was declared unlawful " for any one to sell or to 
 alienate to any out of his own household the Abbey allowance called Bevers " 
 {Extracts from Acts of C/iajder, p. 10). There is a curious passage in Samuel "Ward's 
 Life of Fait/i, 1622, pp. 5-4-5, in which this word is used. " "Why," asks he, " should 
 not thy soule have her duo drinkes, breakfastes, meales, undermeales, bevers, 
 and aftermeales as well as thy body 1 " See also Murray's New Emjlish Dlclionari/, 
 vol. i. p. 837 ; and Xutcs and Queries, 2nd Series, viii. 270 ; 7th Series, ii. 300, 
 454,514; iii. 18.
 
 80 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 ill a manuscript (to focilitatc the reading of sucli hands). And 
 the prebendaries then hav? their table commonhe set in the Hall, 
 some of them had oftentimes good rememljrances sent nnto them 
 from hence and witliall a theame to malvc or speak some extempore 
 verses upon. 
 
 " Betwixt one to 3, that lesson which, out of some author 
 appointed for that day, had Ijeeii l)y the M'' expounded unto 
 them (out of Cicero, Virgil, Ilom'', Eurip ; Isoc ; Li vie, Sallust &c.) 
 was to be exactlie gone through by construing and other gram- 
 matical waies, examining all the rhetoricall figures and translating 
 it out of verse into prose, or out of prose into verse ; out of gl' 
 into lat : or out of lat. into G'". Then they were enjoyned to 
 commit that to memorie against y*^ next morn°. 
 
 " Betwixt 3 and 4 they had a little respite, the M' walking out 
 and they (in beav'' times) going in order to the Hall, and there 
 fitting themselves for tlieyr next taske. 
 
 " Betwixt 4 and 5 they repeated a leafe or two out of some 
 booke of lUietoricall figures, or choice proverbs and sentences 
 collected by the W. for that use. After that they were practised 
 in translating* some Dictamina out of f^at. or G'.' and sometimes 
 turnino- Lat. and G'' verse into English verse. Then a theame 
 was given to them whereon to make prose and verses Lat. and G'' 
 against the next morning. After supper (in summer time) they 
 were called to the M"''' Chamber (spec, those of the 7*'' forme) 
 and there instructed out of Hunter's Co.wiograpJiie, and practised 
 to descril)e, and find out cities and counties in the mappes. 
 
 " Upon 8uiidayes, before monr prayers (in summer) they were 
 coinmoiilie in the sclioole (such as were King's scholers) and there
 
 SCllUUL LIFE AT WE.-STMiXSTEi; IX THE .SEVEXTEEMll CEXTLUtY 81 
 
 construed some parte of the Gospcll in g" or repeated part of the 
 G'i catecliisme ; for tlie afternuone tlic}' made verses upon the 
 preacher's sermon, or epist. & gospell. The best schohirs in the 
 7*'' forme were appointed as Tutors to reade and expound phiccs 
 of Horn'', Virg., Hor., Eurip., or other gl! and hit. authors; at those 
 times {in the forenoone or aft'noone or idV. beaver times) wherein 
 the scholers were in tlie schuole, in expectation of the M''. 
 
 " The scholers were governed by several Monitores (2 for the 
 Hall, as manie for the Church, the Schoolc, the Fields, the Cloister ; 
 which last attended them to w^^shing, and were called Monitores 
 immundorii). The Captaiuc of the Schoole was over all these and 
 therefore called Monitor monitorum. 
 
 '■ These Monitors kept them strictly to the speaMng of Latine 
 ill theyr several commands; and withall they presented their com- 
 l)laints or accusations (as wc called tliem) everie friday morn : 
 when the i)unisliments were often redeemed by exercises or favours 
 shewed to Boyes of extraord. merite, who had the honor (by the 
 INIonitor monitorum) manic times to begge and prexail fnr such 
 remissions. And so (at other times) other faultes were often 
 punished by scholastic taskes, as repeating whole orations out of 
 Tullie, Isoc ; Demosth : or speaches out of Virgil, Thuryd., Xtiioph ; 
 Eurip : &c. 
 
 '' Upon Play daycs (within an lioure after leave granted am] 
 the ()})pi<lalcs dismissed) the scholers of the liouse were often callrtl 
 ill againe for an liourc cr nmi'c till they had l)]iL'llic disiiatched 
 tiic taskc of tlial dax'. 
 
 '■There was a writinu' in cajtital Irtteis witliin llic xIkmiIc 
 towards tlic iippri' part of the wall wliicii the W- was woiit to
 
 8:2 i^IEMOIil OF IMCHAKD BUSBY 
 
 sliow to strangers as a testimonial how lie was restrained for leave 
 to play. 
 
 " AVlien Plumpe-AYalkers ^ came in [i.e. such as strived to hold 
 ^l'.' in long discourses), the M'' would call out some of his scholers 
 to show what verses they could make on a sodaine upon a tlieame 
 to be given by them, if tliey were scholers. 
 
 "Everie friday they had repetitions of wdiat was learned the 
 former parte of the weeke. 
 
 "Upon Saturdayes they pronounced their Declamations in ^. 
 and lat., and the Preb. did often come in and give encouragement 
 unto them. 
 
 '• All that were chosen away by Elect" took their leave in a 
 pulj. Orat. to the Deane, Preb : M'", Usli : Scholers made in the 
 Schoole." 
 
 Tn December 1642 the Kino's Scholars assisted in the successful 
 defence of the Abbey against the attack of the Apprentices. 
 During the tumult " an unhapp}' tile was cast by an unknown 
 hand from the leads or battlements of the Church, which so bruised 
 Sir Richard Wiseman (conductor of the Apprentices) that he died 
 thereof, and so," says Fuller, "ended that dayes distemper."" 
 
 Philip Hemy, the famous Nonconformist divine, who was one 
 of Busby's favourite pupils, has left the following interesting record 
 of his experiences at the School '' : — 
 
 ^ A "plump" is a close body, or party of men. It is suggested by Mr. W. 
 L. Collins in his Public Schools, 1867, p. 94, that the term here used might mean 
 such as walked the streets in knots or parties — the idle loungers of the day. 
 
 - Church Ilistortj of Britain, 16.5.5, Book xi. pp. 185-6. 
 
 '■' Diaries and Letters of PJt'dip llennj, edited by the llev. Matthew Ifenry Lee, 
 1882, pp. 9 — 11. It may interest old Queen's Scholars to know that Philij) 
 Henry, in a letter to his son Matthew, dated May |i, [16]86, refers to the old
 
 SCHOOL LIFE AT WESTMINSTER IX THE SEVENTEENTH CENTUKY 83 
 
 '■Thence to Westminster in the year 1643, where I was 
 admitted in the 4'''' Form, under M' Tlio. Vincent, who was usher 
 there, the most able diUgent School-Master that I ever knew ; a 
 while after 1 was taken to the upper-school under Mr. Richard 
 Busby. 
 
 " There was at that time and before a daih' morninii- lecture ^ at 
 the Abbey betw. 7 & 8 a clock carry'd on l)y 7 worthy Ministers 
 in course, Mr. Marschal, Mr. Palmer, Mr. llcrl, Dr. Stanton, Mr. 
 Nye, Mr. AVhitaker, ^Ir. Hil ; I was their constant hearer, at the 
 request of my dear Mother to the Master who dispens'd with ni}^ 
 absence from school that while, and wrote their sermons as wel 
 as I could. Slice took mee aho with her every Thursday to Mr. 
 Tho. Case " his lectin-e at St. Martin's Church, and every monthly 
 Fast to St. Marg*' West'.', wliieh was our Parish church where 
 preacht the ablest men of Engl'." Ijefore the then H. of Commons. 
 
 '' One remarkable deliverance 1 remember while 1 was at AW'stni".' 
 School, which was this, lying in tlie Common-chandjcr tliere wee 
 had a custom for one or two or more to sit up y" former pi of the 
 
 custom of writing up the word " Electio " on the dormitory door. " Wee shal 
 begin shortly," he writes, " to doe :is the lads at Wostni' were Av'ont to doe, and it 
 may be doe .stil, l)y the word Electio " {ibid. p. 353). 
 
 ^ It was ordered by the House of Commons on 2Stli Eeb., 1G43-1, " That in tlie 
 Place of the Hervice, re;xd every Day in the Abbey of Westminster, Mr. ^Marshall, 
 Mr. Palmer, Mr. Hearle, Dr. Stanton, Mr. Nie, Mr. Whitacre, and Mr. Hill be 
 desired to keej) an exercise for half an hour every Morning, to end at Eight of the 
 clock" (Journals f if I lie House of Coiniiwiis, \o\. iii. p. 110). 
 
 2 Thomas Case was also lecturer at St. Mary, Aldormanbury, where Edmund 
 Calamy Avas Hector. Thoy are botli (•oimiicmoratcd in Hut lei's Ifmlihras (Part 
 ill. Canto 2) - 
 
 '• \Viience had tliey all Iheii- gifts and graces, 
 Uut from our Calamies and Cases?"
 
 84 .MEMUiK OF laCHAKD BUSBY 
 
 night at study, aud at 11 or 12 a clock to goo to bed and call others, 
 and they others at 2 or o, as they were desh-'d. My desire was to 
 bee oal'd at 12, and I was so, and being awak'd I dcsir'd my candle 
 might bee lighted, and 1 would rise presently, but having stuck the 
 candle to the Beds-head I lay down again and fell asleep, and the 
 candle fel and burnt part of ye bed and bolster ere I awaked, but 
 then having help wee soon ciuencli'd it and I received nu harm. 
 The usual severityes of the school I had but smal share of. Once, 
 being ]\Ionitor of the Chamber, and being sent forth to seek one 
 that play'd truant ('twas Natli. Bul,^ afterwards a Master of Paul's 
 school) I found him out where hee had hid liims. and at his earnest 
 request promised I would say I could not find him, which I wickedly 
 did ; the next morning being examin'd by Mr. Busb}% where hee 
 was and whether hee saw mee, hee sayd, yes, hee did, at which I wel 
 remember, Mr. Busby turn'd his eye towards nice and sayd xal cru 
 rsxi/ov, and whipt mee, which was the only time I felt the weight of 
 his hand, and I deserv'd it. Hee appointed me also a Penitential 
 copy of Latin verses w'''' I made and brought him, and then hee 
 gave mee sixpence aud received mee again into his Favor. April 
 14th (or yer. abouts) 1G47. The Lord was graciously pleased to 
 bring me home eficctually to himself by y*" meanes of my Schoole- 
 master, Mr. Ptichard Busby at the time of y"" solemne preparation 
 for y"" Communion then observ'd. The Lord recompense it a 
 
 1 Nathaniel Bull was elected from Westminster to Christ Church in 1648. He 
 graduated B.A. 24th Feb., 1651-2, M.A. 7th July, 1654, and became Surmaster 
 at Ht. Paul's 8chool in 1658. In 1667 he was appointed Master of Leicester 
 Grammar School. A testimonial to his scholarship and other merits signed by 
 Busily and the Bisho]) of Bochester is preserved amongst the muniments of the 
 Corporation of Leicester (Hist. Jlamiscr/'pt Commission, Elgldlt Ikport, app. i. 
 p. 439).
 
 SCHOOL LIFE AT WESTMINSTER IX THE SEVENTEENTH CENTUEY 85 
 
 tlioiisand fold into liis bosome.^ I hope I slial never forget. There 
 had been Treatyes before between my soul and Jesus, with some 
 overtures towards him, but then, then I think it was that the match 
 was made. 
 
 " In May that year, I was chosen to Oxford with 4 others, John 
 Busby, nephew to Mr. Busby, John Vincent,- brother to ]Mr. Yin- 
 cent 2'' usher, John Carrick, and George Annesley, son to the Vis- 
 count Valentia, Brother to him who was afterwards Earl of Anglesey, 
 and Lord Privy Seal. Of these I had the second place. Five more 
 w^ere chosen at the same time to Cambridge, Palmer, Wickham, 
 Stone, Stacey, Chandler." 
 
 The following letter " from Lady Elizabeth AVinwood to her son- 
 in-law Edw^ard, second Baron Montagu of Boughton, concerning the 
 illness of his second son the Hon. Ralph ]\Iontagu (afterwards first 
 Duke of Montagu) at Westminster School, is undated ; but as the 
 Dowager Lady Montagu therein referred to died in July 1G48, it 
 was probably written either in 1647 or early in the following yenr. 
 
 " Honorable Lord, 
 
 " The letter I send lieere with will acrpiaint your Lord'^'' 
 with the occasione of my now writinge and sendinge this bearrer 
 exspreslie to you — it hath pleased God to visit poor Rnphe Mon- 
 
 ' AMien Busby asked Philip Henry tlie first time he saw liim after he liacl been 
 turned out by the Act of Uniformity, " Prythee, Child, what made thee a Noncon- 
 formist ? " Henry replied, " Truly, Sir, you made me one, for you taught me those 
 things that hindered me from conforming." (See An Account of the Life and Death 
 of Mr. Philip Henry, p. 10.) 
 
 2 Vincent's Christian name was Thomas, not John. For tliis election poo Ahcmni 
 Wefitmon., p. 128. 
 
 '■'■ Xoleft anil Queries, 8tli Series, vii. pp. 1G2-3. The original letter is preserved 
 at Ditton Park, Slough.
 
 8G MEMOIE OF EICHAED BUSBY 
 
 tnoue with the small Pox — it seemes lice fell sicke one thorsdaie 
 last, l3iit I herd uot aiiie tliiuge of it till yestordaie Night, which 
 was the Lordes daic, so I sent one perposlie this morninge to Mr. 
 Biisliy, to knowe of him for what conditione the poore Child was in, 
 ill tlie menc time Mr. Busby write this letter^ to me l)y Monsor ther 
 man. it much trouhleth me forfeare the poore Cliildc should dooe 
 other wise than well, but I hope the Lorde in mereic maic jilease to 
 spare his life. Mr. Busby had remoufed him to a plaice in the 
 stableyarde "^ on fridaie last as soone as they sawe what it was likelie 
 to be and then hee sent Monsor one fridaie Night to Docktor 
 Wrisfhte to desire him to come to see the Childe and to confere 
 about him, and Docktor Wrighte had been verie ille of a distempor, 
 and kepte his beacle 2 or tlire dales, and since that it seemes he had 
 a liemmer fel downe in to his foote that liee was lame and not able 
 to gooe himselfe Ijut sent the epoticarie with such things as hee 
 tlioughte were best for the Childe to take, and pretended to send 
 a nurs to looke to him, but your Lord'''' ^\iY\ see l^y the letter that 
 they neather like of the epotticarie nor the nurs to come to him, 
 and for my parte the Crinkle hatli l)een ille these 5 dales and now 
 for the midest of them, and Mv. Busby is so confident of his well 
 l^eingc, that I dare not aduise to admyte eayther of the nurses 
 cominge to him, ore of the epotticaries giuing of liim anie thinge, 
 l)ut beinge the Childe is so fare ordered by him, 1 thinkc to releiue 
 him holie to jMr. Busbys and the woman to whome they remoufed 
 him for there care, for if there should ho anie alteration made now, 
 I feare it wolde discontent both JMr. Busby and the woman where 
 hee is to : but I earnestlie desire that }our Lord"*'' will wright your 
 intentiones to Mr. Busby yourselfe how you will plese to haue him 
 ordered. I hope Mr. Busby's lettor will giue your [sic-] full satis- 
 factione xor his loue and care hee exspresis toardes him. As for 
 
 * This enclosure has unfortunately been lost. 
 
 ^ At the south-west corner of what is now Great Dean's Yai\l,
 
 SCHOOL LIFE AT WESTMINSTER IX THE SEVENTEENTH CENTUP.Y 87 
 
 your sonue Edwarde ^ lie coutinews verie well still Ijut I aduise liee 
 should lodge at my I.adie Montagews, in Eegardc if hee should falle 
 sicke as his brother did they wold presentlie send liim from J\Ir, 
 Busbyes as they did Raphe, and that wold Ije verie dangorous for 
 him, where as if hee should fall sicke at my Ladie Montagews hee 
 may continue there, and haue what ners and what attendance you 
 plese, hee and his man still dyet at i\Ir. busbie and he gooe still to 
 .Skolle as long as hee is well. I am of Mr. busbies mind thay haue 
 Ridden exstremelie, and the weather hath been extremlie hoot and 
 then haue drounck offten at all hourres . . . beere when they where 
 liotte by the . . . and Eate extremlie at all phases. x\.ll this dis- 
 ordere must nodes euer heate ther blods and put them into verie 
 greate distempors, and I be leave Bettie ^ had comyted the same des- 
 ordors, and will dooe the like still as long as she is abroad, and 
 without thes desordores, verie manie fall sicke and die, my cousin 
 Oliuer fell sicke at Quainton at my sonnes and died there, and my 
 La : Angelde [*'ic] latlie dead and manie frendes and aquaintences 
 euerie where ; so leauinge to troble your Lord anie longer ... 1 
 rest your Lord^'' mother and seruaut. 
 
 " Eliza : AYinwood. 
 
 " I praie be pleased to wriglit your pleasure to Mr. Bosby con- 
 cerninge your sonnes, and to my Ladie Montagew, by this bearror, 
 for I am verie fearful! to aduise anie thino-e but what you like best 
 of." 
 
 Evelyn'^, paid a visit to the School on 13th May, 1661, and 
 " heard and saAv sucli exercises at y*" election of Scholars to be sent 
 
 J The Hon. Edward Montagu, Ralph's ehler brother, was killed in the attack 
 upon the Dutch East India fleet in the port of Bergen, August 1665. 
 
 - The Hon. Elizabeth Montagu, Ralph's sister, married Sir Daniel Harvey, Kt., 
 Ambassador at Constantinople in 1668. 
 
 ■' MoAwnra of John A'cVyyi, edited liy \Villi;un Bray, second odilion. 1810, vol. i.
 
 88 MEMOIR OF PJCHAED BUSBY 
 
 to y'' University, in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and Arabic, in tliemes 
 and extemporary verses, as wonderfully astonisli'd me in such 
 youths, with such readiness and with some of them not above 12 or 
 13 years of age. Pity it is that what they attaine here so ripely, 
 they either not retain or do not improve more considerably when 
 they come to be men, tho' many of them do ; and no lesse is to be 
 bLamed their odd pronouncing of Latine, so that out of England 
 none were able to understand or endure it. The Examinants or 
 Posers were Dr. Duport,^ Greek Professor at Cambridge ; Dr. Fell, 
 Deane of Christ Church, Oxon ; Dr. Pierson,- Dr. Alestree,^ Dean of 
 AYestm'',^ and any that would." 
 
 The Election at Westminster continued for many years after 
 Evelyn's day to be regarded as a fashionable spectacle, and the old 
 school-room Avas annually crowded with the patrons and relations of 
 the competitors. Bolingbroke on 4tli July, 1713, writes thus to his 
 friend Matthew Prior :^ — " At the last election at Westminster, I 
 endeavoured to have sent a very pretty lad, who wears your name, 
 and therefore was entitled to my best services, to C-hrist Church : 
 but Bentley, jjto solitd liwnanitate sua, leaped over eight boys to 
 
 ^ James Dnport, Master of Magdalen College, Cambridge, afterwards Dean of 
 Peterborough. He was the author of Ahisce Siihsecivce, sett, Poetica Stromata, 
 Camb., 1676, 8", in which will be found some Latin verses addressed "ad Scholam 
 "Westmonasteriensem " (pp. 308-9) and " ad Eeverendum Virum Eicardum Bus- 
 beium S. T. D. Westmonasteriensis, et Ecclesire Canonicum, pariter et Schola; 
 Moderatorem" (pp. 310-11). The copy of this book presented to Busby, containing 
 an autograph inscription by Duport, is preserved in the School library. 
 
 2 John Pearson, afterwards Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 
 " Richard Allestree, afterwards Provost of Eton College. 
 
 "^ John Eai'le, afterwards Bishop of Worcester. 
 
 ^ Letters and Correspondence of the lit, Hon. Henry St. John, Lord Viscount 
 Bolingbroke, 1798, vol. if. 437.
 
 SOHOOL LIFE AT WEST>rTXSTKR IX THE SEVEXTEEXTK CEXTrilY 80 
 
 make tliis youth liis first option, and remained, with all the good 
 hreeding of a pedant, inflexible." Pulteney in a letter to Cleorge 
 C^olman the elder, dated 29th May, 1750,^ says, "I hope now you 
 will think of studying, as you ought, extreamly hard this whole year, 
 that you may make as good a figure as any Boy did, at the next 
 Election, where I shall most certainly be to judge how you have 
 eniploy'd your time." Influence rather than merit not unfrequently 
 determined the fate of the candidates at " Election," and even the 
 King himself sometimes " recommended " both major and minor 
 candidates to the electors.- 
 
 William Taswell, Rector of Newington, Surrey, whose Latin diar}^ 
 has been translated by his grandson,^ tells us that he was " admitted 
 into the lowest class of AVestminster School" towards the end of 1660. 
 
 "In the year 1663 my school-master William James, A.M., 
 departed this life ; Thomas Knipe succeeded him, since Head 
 Master of Westminster School. iVbout the same time Dr. Busl)}^ 
 admitted me above the curtain. "^ The two next years, when Busby 
 took little or no care of the fourth class I was in, I made but little 
 proficiency in my learning. 
 
 "In 1665, when the plague commenced in town. Dr. Busby 
 
 ^ PostJiumous Letters from Various Cehhrated Men, edited by George Colman 
 tho Younger, 1820, p. 48. 
 
 - Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1639-40, p. 567 ; 1660-1, p. 146 ; 1661-2, 
 pp. 225, 273 ; 1667-8, p. 350 ; 1668-9, pp. 314-15. See also An Account of the Life 
 and Death of Jfr. Philip Henry, 1699, pp. 5, 11 ; the Antohiography of William. 
 7'asirell, etc. 
 
 "* Aufobiof/raphy and Anecdotes of William Tasicell, D.D., in the .^^eoond 
 volume of 27/^ Camden Miscellany (Camden Soc. Pub., 1st Series, No. Iv.), pp. 
 8—15. 
 
 ■* That is to say, Taswell obtained his remove into the Tapper Sohnol. See 
 extract from the Sjyoetator at tlie end of this chapter.
 
 90 MEMOin OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 removed his scholars to (*hiswick.^ But it spread its baneful 
 iuliueiicc even to this place. Upon this Dr. Busby called his 
 scholar.s together, and in an excellent oration acquainted them 
 that he had presided as Head i\ faster over the school twenty-five 
 5'ears, in which time he never deserted it till now. That the 
 exigency of a flairs required every person should go to his respective 
 home. I very greedily laid hold of the ojiportunity of going to 
 Greenwich, where I remained ten months. 
 
 •Ur 'H* 4^ "Uf '^Z" ^ 
 
 ^ W TT W 'A- ^ 
 
 ' Tlie College House at Cliiswick was secured to the tSohool through the 
 
 generosity of Gabriel Goodman in 1570. The buildings were intended to be used 
 
 as a pest-house or sanatorium for tlie accommodation of one of the prebendaries of 
 
 Westminster, the master of the School, the usher, and the forty boys on the 
 
 foundation, who were to retire tliither in time of sickness, or at other seasons 
 
 when the Dean and Chapter should think proper. Basby used frequently to reside 
 
 here in the summer-time. John Bowack, a writing master at Westminster School 
 
 for many years, who wrote an account of Chiswick in 1706, says "the building 
 
 is now so decay'd with age that 'tis unfit for such an use, and is patch'd up into 
 
 small Tenements for the poor labouring People of the Town " (The Second Part 
 
 of the Antiquities of Middkse.r, etc., 1706, pp. 47-8). If Bowack's statement was 
 
 correct the College House must have subsequently undergone considerable repairs, 
 
 for in 1725 it was inhabited by Dr. Robert Freind. John Nicoll, his successor, 
 
 was the last Head-master who occasionally resided there, but Markham is said to 
 
 have rented the prebendary's lodgings of the Dean and Chapter during his llead- 
 
 mastership. When this house was " in the tenure of Robert Berry, Esq., the 
 
 names of the celebrated Earl of Halifax, John Dryden, and many others were to 
 
 be seen upon the walls" (Faulkner's History and Antiquities of Brentford, etc., 
 
 1845, p. 293). It was subsequently occupied by Whittingham's celebrated 
 
 " Chiswick Press," and " was pulled down early in 1874, when it was found that, 
 
 concealed under stucco and modern carpentry, the lower walls were of very early 
 
 date, bnilt of rubble, of great thickness, and decidedly ecclesiastical character ; 
 
 but no sufficient note seems to have been made of them " (Thome's Handbook to 
 
 tlie Environs of London, 1876, part i. p. 105). See also Lyson's Environs of 
 
 London, 1795, vol. ii. pp. 190-3 ; and Extracts from tltc Journals and Correspondence 
 
 of Miss Berry, 1866, vol. i. p. 6.
 
 SCHOOL LIFE AT WESTMINSTER IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTUEY 01 
 
 " 111 tlie year 1G6G, about the Easter week, when the violence of 
 the phngue was considerably abated, I revisited Westminster School. 
 It was at that time about the middle of May, and it was the time 
 of election for those who were to be admitted King's Scholars, 
 myself Ijeing appointed to succeed as thirteenth. The Christmas 
 following twelve scholars were admitted, the tln'rteenth vacancv 
 not as yet taking })lace. 
 
 '^ The 4th May, 1667, I was enrolled a King's Scholar by the 
 Bishop of Rochester, Dean of Westminster.^ I was extremely 
 maltreated during my seven months and two weeks servitude as 
 junior by the monitors, whom a considerable share of power witli 
 which they are invested renders insolent ; employed chieiiy in 
 performing the menial office of a servant, in consequence of this 
 diverted from mv studies, and even when freed from this state of 
 slavery, could scarce return to them, indulging a lazy disposition. 
 
 " And not to pass over in silence that memorable event — the 
 
 Fire of Loudon, September 2 ; it happened between my election 
 
 and admission as scholar. On Sunday, between ten and eleven 
 
 forenoon, as I was standing upon the steps which lead up to the 
 
 })iilpit in Westminster Abbey, I perceived some people below me 
 
 ]'iinning to and fro in a seeming disquietude and consternation ; 
 
 immediately idmost a report reached my ears that London was 
 
 in a contlagration ; witliout any ceremony I took my leave of the 
 
 preachei", and having ascended Parliament ste])s. near the Thames, 
 
 1 soon perceived foui- ].)oats crowded with objects of distress. These 
 
 had escaped from tlio fire, scarce under anv oth(M' covering except 
 
 that of a l)lanket. 
 
 * ***** 
 
 ^ .7()]iii Pollion, afterwords Arcliliislinp of York.
 
 92 MEMOIR OF EICHARP BUSBY 
 
 '•On tlie next day, John Dolben, Bishop of Rochester and Dean 
 of Westminster (who in the civil wars had freqnently stood sentinel), 
 collected his scholars together in a company, marching with them 
 on foot to pnt a stop, if possible, to the conflagration. I was a 
 kind of page to him, not being of the nnmber of King's Scholars. 
 AVe were employed many hours in fetching water from the back 
 side of fSt. Dunstan's Church in the East,^ where w^e happily 
 extino'uished tlie fire. 
 
 ''The next day, Tuesday, just after sunset at night, I went to 
 the roj^al [King's ?] bridge in the New Palace [Yard] at Westminster 
 
 to take a fuller view of the fire About eio;ht o'clock it broke 
 
 out on the top of St, Paul's Church, already scorched up by the 
 violent heat of the air, and lightning too, and before nine blazed 
 so conspicuous as to enable me to read very clearly a 16mo. edition 
 of Terence which I carried in my pocket." 
 
 On Thursday, Taswell explored the ruins of St. Paul's, and 
 after filling his pockets "with several pieces of bell metal," and 
 accoutring himself with a sword and helmet which he had " picked 
 up among many others in the ruins," he " traversed this torrid 
 zone back ao;ain." 
 
 "About the beginning of the year 1670, the funeral obsequies 
 of General ]\ronk were celebrated ; ^ previously to which a royal 
 vaidt was oj^ened in which were two urns ; one appropriated to 
 
 1 On .Sfc. Dunstan's hill, between Tower Street and Lower Thames Street. It 
 was restored by Wren, who built the tower. The body of the existing church was 
 rebuilt in 1817. 
 
 - George Monk, Duke of Albemarle, died on 3rd January, 1670. He was " laid 
 in his vault, April 29 ; his funerals wei^e solemnized April 30." — Chester's 
 Westminster Abbey Registers (Harleian Soc. Pub., No. x.), p. 172.
 
 SCIIOUL LIFE AT WESTMINSTEll IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTUUY 93 
 
 Queen JMary, the other to Queen Elizabeth. I dipped my hand 
 into each. I took out of each a kind of glutinous red substance, 
 somewhat resembling mortar. That of Mary only contained less 
 moisture. 
 
 "The 2nd of May, 1670, the public election came on. Electors, 
 Dr. Fell, afterwards Bishop of Oxford ; Dr. Compton, Sub-Dean 
 of Christ Church, afterwards Bishop of I^ondon : these from Oxford. 
 From Cambridoe — Dr. Pierson, Master of Trinity College, after- 
 wards Bishop of Chester, with his Assessor. Candidates : — 
 A^^illiam Breach, M.D,, and now student of Christ C'hurch. AVilliam 
 Taswell. Daniel Skinner,^ afterwards student of Christ Church. 
 Samuel Fisher, whom I succeeded in my rectory at Norwich.^ xVcton 
 Crcnier. Martin Joyce, who in 1672 died at Cambridge. Egedius 
 Thornbury,^ now chaplain to Lord Northumberland. Samuel Wilson, 
 now rector of a church in Ireland. Morer, Harper, and Ma}>ledoft ^ 
 i hud forgot.^ It was the 4th day of May when the statutes of 
 Queen Elizabeth were read relating to the election, in which arc in- 
 serted these words — tres jubeo, plures opto. Therefore the electors 
 consigned four to Oxford, and as many to Cambridge. Each of 
 these universities have the preference in election by rotation ; 1)ut 
 in 1670 Oxford elected lirst. The Oxonians first elected Breach. 
 The Cantal)rigians, Mapledoft. The former again proposed IIar})er, 
 
 ^ This is a mistake. Daniel Skinner Avas elected to Trin. Coll., Camb. 
 
 ^ Another mistake. Taswell succeeded Samuel Fisher as rector of Swanton 
 Novel's and of "Wood Norton, co. Norfolk. 
 
 ■' Possibly Giles Thornburg, Fellow of Pctcrhouse, Cambridge, wlio graduated 
 ]).A. 1073, M.A. 1077 (Grad. Cantabriy., 1823, p. 468): see Alum. Oxuii., 
 1500 — 1711, vol. iv. J). 179, s.n. Tliornl)oro. Ciles. 
 
 ^ This should be Mapletoft. 
 
 '' For this election see Alutaiii Wcslnwu., p. lO'J.
 
 'J 4 MEMUir. UF laCHAllD BUSBY 
 
 a ^'oullg man of learning, but void of morals ; tlicreforc being 
 superseded tliey elected William Taswell. The latter, however, 
 admitted Harper. The Oxonians again proposed Skinner, proud, 
 empty, and void of learning ; therefore superseding him, they 
 chose Samuel Fisher, of a very good heart and studious besides. 
 The Cantabrigians, however, elected Skinner. The other two were 
 Cremer and Joyce ; the former to Oxford, the other to Cambridge : 
 so that Breach, Taswell, Fisher, and Cremer were elected for 
 Oxford; and Mapledoft, Harper, Skinner, and Joyce for Cambridge. 
 
 '■ The three remaining candidates were ^Morer, Thorn bury, and 
 Willson. However, by the recommendation of the Earl of Mont- 
 gomery, his godfather, AVillson was enrolled among the Christ 
 Church ones. 
 
 " xVbout the end of June followino- we took our leave of West- 
 minster, and on the 29tli of the same month, St. Peter's day, w^e 
 reached Oxford."' 
 
 Wuud records under oth Nov., 1G81, that the "Westminster 
 School ljo}'es l)uni"d Jack Presbyter instead of the Pope in a 
 Ijonfier, which v^exed the })resbyterians of London." ^ 
 
 The boys witnessed a curious scene in the Abbey at the reading 
 of the King's declaration for liberty of conscience on 20tli May, 1G88. 
 William Legge, afterwards first Earl of Dartmouth, then a boy at 
 tlie School, has left tlic following account of the manner in which 
 it was received - :— 
 
 " As soon as Bishop Sprat, who was dean, gave order for reading 
 it, there was so great a murmur and nuise in the church that 
 
 1 Wood's Life and Trims (Oxford Hist. Soc. Pub., No. xxi.), vol. ii. p. 558: 
 see also Liittrell's Brie/ Relation of State Affairs, 1857, vol. i. p. 142. 
 ^ Burnet's History of his own Times, 1833, vol. iii. p. 229 note,
 
 SCHOOL LIFE AT WESTMINSTER IX THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 95 
 
 nobody could licar liiiii ; Ijut before he had finished, there was none 
 left but a few prebends in their stalls, the choristers, and Westminster 
 scholars. The Bishop could hardly hold the proclamation in his 
 hands for trembling, and everybody looked under a strange 
 consternation." 
 
 Francis Lynn, afterwards Chief Secretary of the Royal African 
 Society, kept a diary in a most methodical fashion.^ Though the 
 account of his school-days at Westminster is unfortunately devoid 
 of personal anecdote, it contains much interesting information 
 concerning School fees and expenses. 
 
 "I was born the 2nd day of November, 1G71, about one of the 
 clock in the morning, in Westminster, and Ijrcd up by my father, 
 and two elder brothers, John and Charles, who were at AVestminster 
 School, till between nine and ten years old, and then, without having 
 been at anv otlier school, I was put there under tlio care of Dr. 
 liusb}', or rather of Mr. Knipe, the second master, being admitted 
 the very lowest boy in tlie school, which I passed (piite tlirougli, 
 and in llie course, was captain of every form. 1 lodged and dieted 
 at home, so the charge of ni}' schooling, during the eight }'ears from 
 admission, till I got into the college, being at lO.y. the quarter, was 
 for eight }'ears, IG/. ; to iJr. Busljy, every Christmas, as a gilt, one 
 guinea, 8/. l^.v. ; to Mr. Ivnipe, ditto, half-a-guinea. 4/. G-v. ; to tlie 
 usher, ditto, ox., 2/. iu all. l)esides books, oO/. \Ss. 
 
 "In May 1G8!) I was elected into tlie foundation as a King's 
 scliolai', having 1)ecn put 1)\' two el(M'ti(jns before, for want of 
 friends, but now standing captain, oi senior, 1 was elected in 
 a(^coi'dinglv. 
 
 ' Almniil Wcalinon., pp. 217 — 'I'lO.
 
 96 MEMOIK OF IMCIIAJM) BUSBY 
 
 '■ Here follows a particular account of expense whilst in West- 
 minstei' College, taken from my father's pocket-hook : — ■ 
 
 " ]\la}' 1G89. — 3. To entertain my schoolfellows, upon my being 
 elected, a usual custom, 7.s. — G. For my tlieam making, 5s. ; for an 
 old gown for common use, lO.s. — 9. For a trunk, l-l^'. ; nine ells of 
 Holland, for surplice, 1/. 14.y. dd. ; IG ells of sheeting, 166'. ; a yard 
 and a half of kenting, l.s', G(/. ; a remnant more. Is. ; a King's 
 scholar's cap, Gs. : Total, 3/. 136'. 3(/. — For admonishing money, i. e. 
 the forfeitures for speaking English,^ G<L — IG. A Bible, Practice of 
 Piety, and a comb, 45. 7d. — :34. For a new gown, 21. Is. — Total, 
 2l. Gs. \d. 
 
 '■June 1689. — 10. This day was admitted into the college by the 
 Dean, and put on my gown. — 11. For double commons, and servants' 
 fees, as customary on this occasion, 1/. ; pocket-money and candles, 
 10s. bd. ; new feather bed and bolster, 1/. l^s. ; bedstead cord, and 
 mat, Gs. ; a rug, 12.s'. ; two new blankets, lis. ; a new table, 7s. ; a 
 canopy to the bed, 7s. ; — Total, bl. Gs. bd. 
 
 1 ]Malone says, " In the liall of the College of Westminster, when the boys are 
 nt dinner, it is ex officio the place of the second boy in the second election to keep 
 order among the two under elections ; and if any word after he had ordered silence 
 be spoken, except in Latin, he says to the speaker, tu es custos ; and this term 
 passes from the second speaker to the third or more till dinner is over. Whoever 
 then is custos has an imposition. It is highly probable (adds the very respectable 
 gentleman to whom I am indebted for tliis information) that there had formerly 
 been a tessera, or syiaholum, delivered from boy to boy, as at some French schools 
 now, and that custos meant custos tessene, syniboli, etc. ; but at Westminster the 
 symbol is totally unknown at present" {Works of John Dryden, 18:21, vol. xviii. 
 p. 08 note). This note is appended to a letter written by Dryden to Busby, 
 comi>laining that his son Charles had been made custos three days running. Tlie 
 substitution of an imposition in the place of a line must have been made after 
 Taswell's time.
 
 SCHOOL LIFE AT WESTMINSTER IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 97 
 
 " 20. Paid to tlie eigiit seniors for my freedom, as customary for 
 tlie captain of tlie election, 8/. I2s. 
 
 "July 1689.— 8. Paid Mr. Gilbert for a waistcoat, 185. 6d. ; 
 pocket-money Is.; poll-tax, l6'. — 11 and 22. Pocket-money, Is. 
 Gc?.— Total, 1/. 2s. 
 
 "August 1689. — 9. Pocket-money, Is. — 12. Pocket-money, Is. 
 29. Pocket-money, l.v. G(/.— Total, 3s. Gd. 
 
 "September 1689. — 9. Candles, 5d. — 12. Pocket-money, Is. — 
 16. For Dr. Busby, 1/. Is. 6d. — 25. Pocket-money, 7d. — 30. Barber 
 and bedmaker,^ 4s. — Total, 2l. 7s. 6d.^ 
 
 "October 1689.— 4. For Dr. Williams's Catechism, Is.— 9. For 
 pocket-money, 6c/. — 10. Candles, 5d. ; pair of under-stockings, Is. 
 2d. — 15. Pocket-money, 6d. — 25. Pocket-money, 6d. — 29. Wax- 
 candles, 7d. ; cotton candles, 5c/. — 30. Pocket-money, 9c/. — Total, 
 5s. lie/. 
 
 "November 1689.— 7. A waistcoat altered, 3s, 6c/.— 10-17. 
 Pocket-money, 2s. 6c/.— 30. Curtains to my bed, 12s.— Total, 18s. 
 
 "December 1689. — 3, Candles and pocket-money, lie/. — 13. 
 Pocket-money, 6c/. — 23. Barber, bedmaker, and self, 5s. — 25. Box- 
 money to servants, 2s. — Total, 8s. 5c/. 
 
 "January 1690. — 6. To Dr. Busby for two cpuirters, 2/. 3s. — 7. 
 
 ^ The office of " Bedmaker " in College had not been in existence very long. 
 On 11th October, 16G0, it was ordered, "by the special favour of the Dean and 
 Chapter to the Scholars, that the allowance of eight pounds per annum be paid to 
 a woman who shall make the beds, and daily sweep the Long Room, roofs, 
 windows, and boards, jaques, stairs conducting to the Clianiber of the Scholars, 
 and upon every default to have subtracted xiic/. of her Salary, and the care 
 thereof to be reserved to the Master of the School" {Extracts from Acts of Chapter, 
 p. 17). . 
 
 - So in the oi'iginal ; probably some items have been omitted. 
 
 II
 
 08 MKMOIR OF ElCHAED BUSBY 
 
 Pocket-money, Is. Gd. ; to Mr. Knipe, new year's gift, 105. 9d. — 19. 
 Pocket-money, 6^7. — Total, 2/. Ids. Or/. 
 
 "February 1G90. — 2. Pocket-money, Gd. — 8. A pair of shoes, 
 3^. Gd. ; candles and faggots, l.s-. 5d. — 19. Pocket-money, Gd. — 
 Total, 5.^. lid. 
 
 "March 1690. — 4. For tarts, to treat as free-boy on Shrove 
 Tuesday, lO.y. — 11. For making a coat, 8s. 27. Barber and bed- 
 maker, 4s. — Total, 1/. 2.9. 
 
 "April 1G90. — 12. For the election board, and putting up my 
 name in gold letters on the tables, 105.^ — 19. Stockings and shoes, 
 7s. — 21. Candles and pocket-money. Is. lid. — Total, 185. lid. 
 
 "May 1690. — 30. A pair of shoes soled, Is. 2d. ; pocket-money, 
 6(/.— Total, Is. 8d. 
 
 "June 1690. — 28. Barber and Bedmaker, 4.9.; pocket-money. 
 Is.— Total, 5.9. 
 
 "July .1690.-3. Poll-tax, Is.— 14-31. Pocket-money, 1.9. Gd.— 
 Total, 2.9. Gd. 
 
 "Augu.st 1690.— 6-25. Pocket-money, 2.9. Gd. 
 
 "September 1690.— 2. Candles, 10c/.— 23. For the Doctor's 
 new grammar, 4.9. — Total, 4s. 10c/. 
 
 " October and November nothing appears. 
 
 "December 1690. — 30. To Dr. Busby for a year's schooling, 
 4/. 6.9. 
 
 "January 1691. — 2. To Dr. Knipe, for new year's gift, 10s. 
 9c/; pocket-money since September, at several times, 12s.; barber 
 and bedmaker, 8s. — Total, 1/. 10s. 9c/. 
 
 ^ Mr. C. B. Phillimore, in his remarks upon the tablets in the Dormitory 
 {Alumni Westmon., p. 531), seems to have entirely overlooked this entry.
 
 SCHOOL LIFE AT WESTMINSTER IX THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 99 
 
 "February 1G91.— Notliing appears but five montlis' candles, 
 2.9. Id. 
 
 "March 1G91. — 25. Barber and bedmaker, 45. ; pocket-money, 
 55.— Total, 9s. 
 
 "April 1691.— 20. To Dr. Busby, quarterage, 1/. l.s. Cxi; 
 pocket-money, 3.s'. Gc/. — Total 1/. 5s. — Grand total, 39/. 17^. 
 
 "May 1691. — 12. I was elected away, captain of the school, to 
 Trinity College, in Cambridge, together with the Hon. Dixey 
 Windsor, Escp, William Shippen, Hugh James, and John Lambe. 
 At the same time, to Oxford, were elected, AV. Adams, Henry 
 Brydges, Adam Langley, and Nicholas Burton.^ 
 
 "June 1691. — 27. This day I went down to Cambridge, and was 
 admitted in Trinity College, under Mr. Power as my Tutor. 
 Expenses attending it : — Coach hire, 105.; on the road, 85. 6d. ; at 
 the college, to servants, 12^. ; to my tutor's sizer, 25. 6d. ; to the 
 library keeper, 25. Gd. — Total, 1/. 155. Gd. 
 
 ****** 
 
 "Abstract of the forcooino- accounts : — Charo-c at Westminster 
 School, from my first going thither till I got to be a King's Scholar, 
 30/. I85. ; charge while I was a King's Scholar till I was elected to 
 the university, 39/. 175. ; charge at the university till I took my 
 Bachelor's degree and came for London, 142/. IO5. — Total for 14 
 years' education, 213/. 55."'"^ 
 
 ^ For this election see Alumni Westmon., p. 216. 
 
 '^ See JJiav}/ of John Ifervey,first Earl of Bristol, 1894. yy. 101, 10.3, 104, 105, 
 for the expenses of his four sons at Westminster School, 1712 — 17 li). Some 
 extracts from a liill ol' Iho lion. Ailhiir Moore for the expenses ol" his son at 
 Westminster, incurred from 21st Dec, 171 I, to 21sl Juno, 1715, will ho found 
 in Xotrii (1)1(1 Queries, Olh Series, xii. .^CiT).
 
 100 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 Tlie lion. Colin Campbell, wlio is referred to in the following- 
 extract from a letter ^ written by his mother to Patrick Smyth of 
 Methven Castle, Perthshire, was the only son of John, first Earl of 
 Breadalbane and Holland by his second wife. The letter, which is 
 undated, was probably written in 1687 or 1688. 
 
 " Colin is a busy man at his lessons ; is every day at School all 
 this winter before 7 o'clock, and his wax candle with him, and doth 
 not come out till past 11, and they return at 1 and stay until near 
 six. This was far from his diet at home, and in the great cold 
 school he sits the whole day over without a hat or cap, and all the 
 windows broke, and yet thanks be to God he takes very well with 
 it, though he never seeth a fire but in my house. At the beginning 
 his fellow scholars were hard on him upon the account of his nation, 
 but he doth now hold up pretty well, either at scotching '^ or boxing 
 with them. However, J fear I lose a Scotsman, for he begins to get 
 their w^ords and accent. I wish I had your eldest son at school with 
 Colin. They are bravely taught both to be scholars and orators at 
 Doctor Busby's school at Westminster, where my son is, I was 
 frightened at the report of the severity of the masters, but my child 
 now six months hath been at it, and has never got a frown from 
 any of the Masters : on the contrary, he is but too much made of. 
 The Masters are wise, discreet men, and children of 6 years are in 
 the first form. Colin was entered to the third, and in summer is to 
 go to the fourth, where they learn Greek." 
 
 Two practical jokes, recorded in a small octavo volume of Merry 
 
 1 I am indebted to the Eev. W. K. R. Bedford for this interesting extract. 
 The original letter is in the possession of the present owner of Methven 
 Castle. 
 
 ^ Scotching probably means wrestling. See Promptorium Parvulorum (Camden 
 Soc. Pub., No. Ixxxix.), vol. iii. p. 417 : s.n. Schoggynge.
 
 SCHOOL LIFE AT WESTMINSTER IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 101 
 
 Passages and Jeasts,^ preserved iu tlie Britisli Museum, may be 
 quoted here, 
 
 " 107. At Westminster Schoole, tlie Monitor usd to call the 
 schollars by 6 of the clocke in the Morning all winter long, and as 
 soone as ever they heard his surgite, they would skippe out of their 
 bedds and away to prayers. Three or 4 raskells (for there lay many 
 Boyes in one chamber), observing two that were Beddfellowes to be 
 very nimble and hasty upon the Call ; and their Bedd being placed 
 under a great Beame ; they contrivcl it so, as in the night in a dead 
 sleepe, to fasten cords to the Bedd, and drew it up a great height ; 
 in the darke morning (hearing the summons of the monitor) out 
 springs one of one side (according to their usuall manner), and the 
 other on the other side of the Bedd, and Bounc't against the floore ; 
 with a crackt crowne, soare bones, and much hazard of their Neckes, 
 
 " 108. A Westminster schollar had a pott of butter sent him by 
 his friends, which some waggs discovering, and that he kept it in his 
 chest, attempted to picke his locko, and failing to get it that way, they 
 tooke the chest, and sett it up a tosting against a hott fire ; For, 
 because They could not come at It, they made It come out to Them." 
 
 The well-known story told by Eustace Budgell in the pages of 
 the Spectator,^ happily illustrates the kindly feelings which bound 
 old Westminsters to2;ether in the midst of the bitterest civil 
 dissensions, and forms a fitting conclusion to this chapter on school 
 life during the seventeenth century. 
 
 1 Ilarleian MSS. 0395, ff. 16, 17. Sir Nicholas L'Estrange of Hunstanton, the 
 compilor of tliis little volume, gives the names of Mr. Greene and Dr. Stubbe as 
 his authorities for tlicse two anecdotes (ibid. f. 89). 
 
 2 Spectator, No. 313, for 28th February, 1712 (Seventh Edition, 1724, voh ix. 
 
 pp. 9-11).
 
 102 MEMOIR OF RICHAED BUSBY 
 
 " Eveiy one who is acquainted with Westminster School, knows 
 that there is a Curtain which used to be drawn across the Room, to 
 separate the upper school from the lower. ^ A youth happened, by 
 some Mischance, to tear the above-mentioned Curtain. The severity 
 of the Master was too well known for the Criminal to expect an}^ 
 pardon for such a Fault ; so that the Boy, who was of a meek 
 Temper, was terrified to Death at the Thoughts of his Appearance, 
 when his Friend, who sat next to him, bade him to be of good 
 Cheer, for that he would take the Fault on himself. He kept his 
 word accordingly. As soon as they were grown up to be Men, the 
 Civil War broke out, in which our two Friends took the opposite Sides ; 
 one of them followed the Parliament, the other the Eoyal Party. 
 
 " As their Tempers were different, the Youth who had torn the 
 Curtain endeavoured to raise himself on the Civil List ; and the 
 other, who had born the Blame of it, on the Military. The first 
 succeeded so well, that he was in a short time made a Judge under 
 the Protector. The other was engaged in the unhappy Enterprise 
 of Penruddock and Groves in the West. I suppose. Sir, I need 
 not acquaint you with the Event of that Undertaking. Every one 
 knows that the Poyal Party was routed, and all the Heads of them, 
 among whom was the Curtain Champion, imj^risoned at Exeter. 
 It happened to be his Friend's Lot at the time to go the Western 
 Circuit. The Tryal of the Rebels, as they were then called, was 
 very short, and nothing now remained but to pass Sentence on 
 them ; when the judge, hearing the name of his old Friend, and 
 observing his Face more attentively, which he had not seen for 
 
 ^ See "William Taswell's diary, quoted on p. 89. This bar from which the 
 curtain used to hang, is the one over which the pancake is throwai by the College 
 cook every Shrove Tuesday.
 
 SCHOOL LIFE AT WESTMINSTER IX THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 103 
 
 mauy Years, asked liim if he was not formerly a Westminster 
 scholar. By the Answer, he was soon convinced that it was his 
 former generous Friend ; and without saying anything more at 
 that time, made the best of his way to London, where, employing 
 all his Power and Interest with the Protector, he saved his Friend 
 from the Fate of his unhappy Associates. The Gentleman, wdiose 
 Life was thus preserved by the Gratitude of his School-fellow, was 
 afterwards the Father of a Son, whom he lived to see promoted in 
 the Church, and who still deservedly fills one of the highest Stations 
 init."^ 
 
 ^ All attempts to identify the actors in this " story very well known to several 
 Persons, and which you may depend upon as a real Truth," have been unsuccessful. 
 (See Alumni Westmon., pp. 568-9 ; The Elizabethan, vol. vii. p. 321, vol. viii. 
 pp. 8 — 9 ; and Notes and Queries, 8th Series, vii. p. 48.) 
 
 A King's Scholar.
 
 CHAPTER YP 
 
 busby's account book 
 
 Appearance and character of the Account Book — Busby's expenditure — Visit of 
 the School to Chiswick — Busby's alms — His expenditure on the School — His 
 income — School fees — Arrears and defaulters — Stipends of Under Master 
 and Usher — Social status of Busby's boys — Busby's raiment, plate, etc. — 
 His tobacco — His substitutes in the pulpit. 
 
 Dr. Busby's Account Book, if it may so be called, is an unbound 
 volume, 14| inches liigli by 5^ inches broad. It seems to have 
 contained originally 84, or, in the ordinary enumeration, 1G8 pages. 
 Of these almost all are now discoloured and some considerably 
 mutilated. At the be^innino; is inserted a folded sheet, rather 
 longer than, and more than twice as broad as, the usual page. 
 On this is written a phonetic alphabet with illustrative words. 
 Near the end of the book is inserted a small piece of paper bearing 
 a receipt for money paid to the teacher at Gedney. Before the 
 last page there are inserted two other pieces of paper. One is of 
 the size of a modern sheet of note-paper, and has gilt edges, the 
 other is somewhat smaller and is plain. On these are written the 
 names of the preachers who undertook to preach in Busby's turns 
 in the Abbey in 1686 and 1687. 
 
 ^ This chapter has been kindly written for this memoir by Mr. .John Sargcaunt.
 
 busby's account book 105 
 
 At the beginning of the book sixteen pages are ruled for the 
 lists of the School. Some of the pages are blotted and scribbled 
 on, and many entries are crossed through or defaced. The ink was 
 generally good, but in some cases is slightly faded. A few notes 
 arc in pencil, but even of these most are still legible. 
 
 Busby's Account Book is in fact the sole survivor of what 
 seems to have been a series of volumes in which the great peda- 
 gogue, disdaining order and method, jotted down his payments 
 and the debts owing him, lists now of his scholars, and now of 
 his plate and raiment, with such other temporary memoranda 
 as he might desire to have at hand. Beside his own entries it 
 contains autograph receipts of his tradesmen and his ushers. 
 
 The contents of the first pages seem to indicate that the book 
 had been intended for other uses. On them is written an early 
 essay towards a phonetic alphabet. It is entitled " An Universall 
 Alphabet, conteyninge six-and-thirty letters, whereby may be 
 expressed the lively image of Man's voyce in what language soever ; 
 first devised upon occasion to seeke for fit letters to expresse the 
 Virginian speeche, 1585." This alphabet seems to have escaped 
 the notice of Mr. A. J. Ellis, but can hardly be dealt with in this 
 place. Of more interest are the entries which throw light upon 
 the life of Westminster under the dominion of Busby. 
 
 The longest consecutive account of expenses belongs to the 
 year 1G5G. It begins on 2nd February, and ends on 21st October. 
 From this it is j^ossible to deduce an approximate estimate of 
 Busby's expenditure during the period of tlie Protectorate. Some 
 of the items are paid l)il1s for things bouglit before tlic 1)(\i;inning 
 of the account, but these would probaljly be l)alanccd by bills still
 
 lOG MEMOIR OF KICHARD BUSBY 
 
 owino- at its end. As there seem to have been no recfuhir times 
 for the delivery or payment of bills, it is not necessary to take any 
 account of the fact that Christmas did not fall within this period. 
 
 For the thirty-nine weeks the ordinary expenditure w\as £494 
 145. 3d. A further sum of £263 155. is dealt with elsewhere. The 
 annual expenditure is thus about £650. Some of the items can be 
 classified. It is evident that it was, Busby's custom to receive 
 w^eekly an account of household expenditure from his housekeeper and 
 to discharge it at once. Sometimes the housekeeper received money 
 beforehand. These household accounts, as Busby usually styles 
 them, come to about £200, or an average of somewhat over £5 a 
 week. These payments do not include wages, and it is, diflicult to 
 say how many of the other items may not be really classed under 
 this head. In an account of payments, which seems to belong to 
 the year 1GG2, the quarterly wages of the women of the household 
 are entered as £12. There are also in 1656 two men, one styled 
 Peter and the other Robert or Robin. Peter had £5 a year, and 
 had charge of the horse and the garden. Robert's wages may have 
 been £4 a year. The fact that he received on one occasion £2 for 
 a suit does not necessarily imply that he was an indoor servant. 
 Every week there is a payment of 8s. 6d. usually entered as made to 
 S. A\ . or G. S. W. It can be seen from other passages that these 
 letters stand for Goody Sawyer, but the amount seems too large to 
 be set down as the old woman's wages. Perhaps we may reckon 
 wages as about £80 a year. 
 
 Coals cost £26 8s., the current price being about a guinea a 
 chaldron, that is to say, about 17 s. a ton according to the weight 
 then given in a chaldron. In 1660 the price was under 18^. a
 
 busby's account book 107 
 
 chaldron. There is also a small expenditure on faggots and fire- 
 wood, and we know that Busby at times burnt billets. The 
 accounts do not carry us to the coal famine of 1667, when coal for 
 a time cost £3 a chaldron. Possibly Busby, like the provident Pepys, 
 had a store large enough to last till the months of plenty. 
 
 Meat may have been partly included in the household accounts, 
 but there are also butchers' bills for £8 45. 10c/. 
 
 The beer bill at first sight seems large. In this year Chapman, 
 the brewer, was paid £30 in or about September, and £27 in 
 December. Other bills, all paid late in the year, were £21 in 1658, 
 probably for part of the year ; £50 in 1660 ; £88 in 1663 ; and £50 in 
 1684. The remaining bills are missing. The quantity of malt 
 liquor consumed is hard to ascertain ; but if the bill of £88 was for 
 a whole year, and if the cellar bills show an average proportion of the 
 three kinds, we get a probable consumption for that year of about 
 30 hogsheads of strong beer, 100 hogsheads of small beer, and 20 
 hogsheads of ale. Making allowance for vacations, and the time 
 spent at Chiswick, and assuming the household to consist of some- 
 thing over forty persons, we may estimate the daily consumption of 
 each person at nearly three pints of small beer, and something over 
 one pint of strong beer and ale. 
 
 The distinction between beer and ale was other than now obtains. 
 " It is little more than an age," wrote Evelyn in 1664, "since hops 
 .... transmuted our wholesome ale into beer." Busby at times 
 received a present, to which Evelyn, who translated ap<o-Tov ix\v 
 6'ofop by " give me good cider," would have attributed his hale old 
 age. The carrier, Mr. Scudamore's or another's, had monc}' lor his 
 pains.
 
 108 MEMOIR OF KICHARD BUSBY 
 
 £ s. (I 
 " given to sider car ... ... ... 5 0. 
 
 Here is the cellar bill in December 1658 — 
 " there being then in house 
 7 hofrsheads of small "^ 
 
 2 hogsheads of strong 
 
 3 kilderkins of ale 
 
 nntapt.' 
 
 The " sophisticated god," as Evelyn calls \yine, was not rejected. 
 For wine there was paid £8 155., but the average expenditure seems 
 to have been much more than this. Unfortunately the usual form 
 of receipt is as follows — 
 
 ii 
 
 x\pril 27, 1664. 
 All ace**" cleered betwixt us for wine 
 
 R. Busby. 
 Hen. Croone." 
 
 The largest bill is for £12 5s., which bought " 2 Terses of Clare tt, 
 12 Gallons and 3 cps. of Canary," and a rundlett, and paid the cost of 
 carriage. Between 6th June and 29th June in an unnamed year there 
 were consumed five cpart and twenty-two pint bottles of claret. It 
 is evident that Busby drank his pint a day, not holding of claret, as 
 Bentley did, that it " would be port if it could," or, as Johnson, that 
 it was " the licjuor for boys." That Busby ever aspired to be a hero 
 according to the Johnsonian obligation, there is no evidence in the 
 accounts. 
 
 For his horse Busby seems to have rented a stable at £4 5s. a 
 year. The usual charge for its oats was 2s, a week, while 
 hay and horse leech and other needs called for about £9 a year, or 
 an average of nearly 5s. a week. Like other famous chargers the
 
 busby's account book 109 
 
 horse had a name, which in this case can hardly have been bestowed 
 upon him in his prime, and in his decay is not suggestive of either 
 pleasure or pace, for one of Busby's entries stands thus — 
 
 £ s. d. 
 " Hey for Old Woe 1 5 0." 
 
 The bills of the tailor and the draper, wath the cost of such small 
 articles as stockings and garters, come to about £30. For the year 
 1663 there are tailors' receipts for £31 11^., and for the year 1666 
 for £33 105., while in another year at least £40 was paid to the 
 tailor. It may, perhaps, be assumed that this was about the usual 
 sum spent by Busby on his own raiment. The clothing of his 
 household w^ould not be included in this. Busby had two tailors in 
 ordinary, Henry Skeene and David CoUnaux or Collinaulx, whose 
 name suo-o-ests a Gallic oria'in. 
 
 ■■oo" 
 
 "Jan. 14, 1658. 
 
 Kecd upon my Bill Jan. 14, 1658 (the account being l^pd. 
 lis. Od.) the summe of seventeen pds in full discharge there- 
 of. I say reed by mee 
 
 David Collnaulx." 
 
 Gifts and alms account for £22 at least, including SOs. paid to 
 " Peters Nurs in Sicknes." The remaining items seem to admit of 
 no explanation, but probably some of them were charitable payments. 
 Except a Bible bought for £2, there is no certain mention of books, 
 but this omission was clearly exceptional. 
 
 lu April or 3Iay of this year the School went to sojourn at 
 Chiswick, where, in addition to the College House, Busby rented a 
 house and garden at £17 a year. It would seem that there was 
 always a small establishment there. The Journey was made by
 
 110 
 
 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 00 
 
 16 
 
 OG 
 
 00 
 
 03 
 
 06 
 
 00 
 
 08 
 
 08 
 
 00 
 
 13 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 11 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 14 
 
 00" 
 
 water, and cost at least £3 6s. 8d. The certain items, for here again 
 there may have been others, are stated thus — 
 
 "Journey ... 
 Children's waterman 
 Carters to the Wharf 
 porters att Westminster 
 Porters at Cheswick 
 Baro;e for the Goods 
 
 Of Busby's alms and gifts we can give no adequate account, 
 for it may be surmised that some of the initials in his list stand 
 for habitual recij^ients of his largess. We can, however, arrive at 
 a minimum estimate from the items that figure as " gift " and 
 " given." The sum of these is £7 6s. id., the lowest item being 
 one penny. Gifts, of which the recipients are named, come to 
 £8 5s. To the poor at one time Busby gave £2 ISs., and to the 
 Minister £1. 
 
 The following is one of several like entries — ■ 
 
 "Nov. 25, 1661. 
 
 Reed of D. R. Busby the summe of fifty shill for 2 cps 
 Michaelmas and Ctmas 1661 the Salary of the Writing Master at 
 Gedney in Lincolnshire, who is obligcl to teach 10 children freely 
 to read wTite and repeate the Church Catechisme for the same 
 salary. I say reed 
 
 by me Partridge. 
 
 Memd. Every yr afore paymt a sjiecimen of the childrens 
 ^\Titing briefly to be given to D. R. Busby his assigne certified by 
 Person of Quality, as being wrote in presence of Mr. Partridge or 
 his Assigne by the said children."
 
 busby's account book 111 
 
 It is characteristic of Busby, that during his supremacy the 
 Chapter was never called upon to pay the price of repairs and 
 alterations in the school. The significant blank in their records 
 is explained by entries in this book. The earliest entry is of a 
 small matter — 
 
 " Kecd for foure Tables made for the Kino;s\ £ s. d. 
 Scholars Chamber the summ of forty shillings ( 02 
 by mee \ 
 
 I S" 
 
 After various small payments we find the following — 
 
 "Martij 21, 1659 
 
 Reed then in full for the Presses and Seats ^ £ s. d. 
 for Bookes in the Library of the Schoole the v, 1 8 
 summe of eighteene pds \ 
 
 I say reed 
 
 by me 
 
 Ad. OsiTood." 
 
 Next year Osgood had £13. The following entry has also some 
 interest — 
 
 "Dec. 17 : 1G64 
 
 Reed then of Dr. Busby for making the new \ £ s. d. 
 staire by the Schoole in full the summe of foure - 4 
 pds by mee John Angier " ) 
 
 It must be remembered that the accounts are so intermittent, 
 that in all probability much more money was spent in this period 
 on the same kind of work. For his windows Busby had a contract 
 with Robert Rawson, who covenanted to keep them " wliole and 
 cleene " for forty shillings a year. He was to come by himself
 
 112 MEMOIR OF EICHAED BUSBY 
 
 or bis servaut weekly, and in case of default to pay twelve pence 
 a week. 
 
 The tables were made in 1G56, and in tlie autumn of tbe same 
 year there were bills of Angier the carpenter for £104, of Emmet 
 the bricklayer for £73 lo^., and of an unnamed carver for £26. 
 
 Busby's payments were usually made in silver, and when he 
 paid any small sum in gold, he seems to have mentioned the metal. 
 In one or two cases he kept a double account of moneys received, 
 separating the gold from the silver. Thus in the three last months 
 of 1661 he received £131 13^. in silver, and £107 56'. in gold. One 
 item of the latter sum is £16 155. 
 
 An undated entry seems to show about £200 in hand. 
 
 " In scrinijs Nov monet — Coron — 37 10 
 
 Semicor — 36 
 April 3 73 10 
 
 Aur. — 100 
 — 008 
 
 16 15 0." 
 
 The new money referred to, if the entry belongs, as it probably 
 does, to a year after 1662, was of the silver coinage designed by 
 the Dutch engraver Rotiers, who had supj)lanted the more skilful 
 but, as the authorities of the Mint are said to have stated, less 
 expeditious, Thomas Simon. 
 
 If it is difficult to be sure of Busby's expenditure, it is still 
 harder to find his income. The accounts are very fragmentary, 
 dealing chiefly with the receipts for boarders, and it is likely that 
 more was received at some times of the year than at others. Nor 
 again can we be sure that all the boarders were in Busby's house.
 
 BUSBY S ACCOUNT BOOK 113 
 
 The money may in some cases have been merely passing through 
 his hands. Such as they are, the accounts tell us that he received 
 for boarders in October 16G2, .£119 10*\, in November £80 lOx., 
 in December £228 10>\, in January and February £161, and in 
 April £87 10-5'. The remaining accounts are too much confused 
 to give any information. Perhaps the payments of boarders may 
 be estimated at £1200 a year. The tuition fees of town boys 
 were about £400 a year, but only about half of this came to the 
 Head-master, The Christmas gifts of town boys were about £200, 
 and the tuition fees of King's scholars £86 a year. From the 
 foundation he received £20 a year. This gives a total gross income 
 from the School of about £1700 a year. For this Busby had to 
 lodge and feed nearly forty boarders. AVe may perhaps put his 
 net income at £1000 or £1200 a year, more than was received 
 Ijy many bishops of the time. 
 
 Of the fees paid by boys in thOse days we get some information. 
 For tuition, or, as it is indifferently called, instruction, teacliing, 
 or school, every boy paid 10.v. a quarter, and this was the whole 
 sum paid l)y home boarders, who constituted about two-thirds oi 
 the School. King's scholars paid this fee. In a list of 1656 some 
 of the boys in the three lowest forms have o*-. and some 26". 
 written against their names. As one boy has lO.s'. written against 
 his name, it can hardly be that this implies a reduction ot 
 the fee. 
 
 That there was also an entrance fee is clear, but how much 
 it was is d<>ul)tful. 'J'hei'e are three entries on this point. One 
 is the case of TiOixl ]\!aidstone, c^uoted below. The other two, 
 
 both undated, are as follows — 
 
 I
 
 114 MEMOIR OF EICHAED BUSBY 
 
 £ s. (J. 
 
 '^31day. 1 Entrance. Little boy, 1^* terme — 10 0." 
 
 " Entrances. 
 
 £ 8. (/. 
 
 Jan. 2. ALram Cromwell, 2'"^ class — 10 
 Jan. 4. Nicolas Grice, 2"^^ class — 1 00 0." 
 
 From these entries it seems ditticult tu draw any definite 
 inference. 
 
 The highest fee fur board and lodging Avas £10 a quarter. 
 This fee was paid by a boy named Liiddington, by Lord Man- 
 chester's sons, and by others, who may be compared to the 
 Gentlemen Commoners of an Oxford College. They perhaps had 
 separate bedrooms, or shared a bedroom with a relative, or, as in 
 the following instance, with what Johnson called a countryman. 
 
 " Fowder of Shropshire, same C" with 8ir Pach. Corbet, for a 
 qrs board at the upper Table — £10 O.s. 0(/." 
 
 C'l' stands for chamber. 
 
 The boarding fee for other boys was in some cases £7, and 
 in others £G. The former sum was paid by one of Lord Man- 
 chester's sons. It would seem that when his elder brothers left 
 he changed his table. The difference between the two sums may 
 perhaps Ije accounted for by a difference of [ige, but the Ijook 
 seems to supply no evidence on the point. 
 
 Boarders at the upper table, or possibl}' all boarders, were 
 supposed to furnish their own rooms. Li some cases they brought 
 the furniture witli them, as did Lord ]\[aidstone, in others Busby 
 supplied the furniture. The cost is estimated at twenty marks.
 
 busby's account book 115 
 
 By the way, Busby's use of tlie word " mark " must be one of 
 the latest instances of its employment in common reckoning. 
 
 Unhappily for Busby, it sometimes made but little difference 
 what fee he imaoined himself to charoe, for there were some 
 parents who seldom paid, and some who did not pay at all. The 
 most conspicuous defaulters were two members of a family, which 
 in that and the following generation supplied many high offices 
 in the State. These were Hencage Finch, second Earl of Win- 
 chelsea, and his cousin-german Sir Heneage Finch, afterwards 
 first Earl of Nottingham, who had been at Westminster under 
 Lambert Osbolston. Lord Winchelsea's eldest son left behind 
 him that which was a poor equivalent for his fees. 
 
 " L'^ Maddeston left 2 beds and furniture of C\ but paid nothing 
 for himself or man either entrance board school or attendance 
 in time of sicknes at Nursery." 
 
 From another entry we learn that Busby paid thirty shillings to 
 Martha Barbon for attending Lord Maidstone in his sickness. 
 Busby estimates the value of a bed and hangings at XI 3 Gs. Sd., 
 though he seems to have paid something more for them when he 
 bought them new. 
 
 Lord Nottingham, the Amri of Dryden's, or, as we should perhaps 
 rather say in this case, of Tait's, great satire, sent three sons to the 
 School in 1G59. His eldest son, the statesman of the Revolution 
 period, and in later da\'s the "orator dismal" of Swift, was nearly 
 four years at the School. His next brother, who at the trial of the 
 Seven Bishops in 1G88 became first the most unpopular and then 
 tlic most popular man in the country, was more than four years 
 at school before he matriculated at Christ Church. The third
 
 116 MEMOIR OF EICHAEl) BUSBY 
 
 brother was live and a half years at school, but neither for him 
 nor for the others did Busby ever receive a penny. Again and 
 again were their arrears entered in ever-increasing sums, till we 
 are reminded of the couplet in which Swift described the oratory 
 of the eldest of the brothers — 
 
 " When once he begins he never will flinch, 
 But repeats the same note a Avhole day like a Finch." 
 
 Busby reckons that Sir Hcneage defrauded him of at least £395. 
 
 Another defaulter was Earl Rivers, whose two sons, says Busby, 
 "owe for all their time." Lord Manchester and Lord Bedford, as 
 became their stern Puritan stock, were punctual in their payments. 
 There were other parents who would pay if they could. One 
 Budgel, an elder kinsman of the unhappy friend of Addison, more 
 than once made parcel payments and in the end paid all. Some- 
 times an " old arrear " unexpectedly came into the Doctor's coffers, 
 as some time after Lady Day 1664 Sir James Lane paid £110 
 165. 8c/. for his son's fees, bed, and hangings. 
 
 On the other hand, Lumley Robinson's father presumed on his 
 kinship with Busby, and paid nothing for the fees of six years or 
 more, and we have such entries as these — 
 
 " Mattocks never p'^ 
 Benson never p'V 
 " Atkins owes all : went away June 12 or thereabouts." 
 
 The camel's back seems never to have broken, though the patient 
 beast was sometimes roused to action. Here is an entry of March 
 1661 : "Mr. Greene the Recorder's son (brother to my scholar now 
 with me) owes me ten pds. at his going wli was intimated to his 
 Father afore his death l^y his man who dyed abt the same time
 
 busby's account book 117 
 
 with the Father, and He l^rought me h-e from the Father promissing 
 the discharge of tht arreere ; and since I have signified the same 
 debt to his executor, ]\[r. Godard, whose son my scholar Mr. 
 Godard was contemporar}^ with my other scholar Mr. Greene." 
 Apparently the money was paid. 
 
 As Busby kept no entrance book, and had no system of accounts, 
 he must often have been in doubt how much was really owing 
 him. Thus in September 1661 Gore owed his fees for a year and a 
 half. A reckoning was then made, and Busby noted " the time of 
 his coming uncertaine : all pd but the uncertaine time, a c[y or 
 less." In the following May the Doctor records that he is still 
 uncertain how long Gore had been at school. Against the name 
 of a boy named Summers he writes in 1662, ■•' q : time begin I 
 think jMay." Nor was he much more careful in the receipt of 
 money, if at least we may trust a debtor's memory. 
 
 "Feb. 16, 1659. 
 
 All ace*"- made up : there Bemaind unpaid for board llirec 
 pounds for Hezekiah Smallbrooke, tliere being also three cps. 
 for Schoole reckond as paide, unknownc to Mr. Busby, but 
 consented to, if Mrs. Smallbrooke shall certefy it as trutli upon 
 her knowledge. 
 
 witncs, BoBT. Austen." 
 
 Sometimes Busby received his money by the hands of his 
 humblest dependents, even the caretaker or some old servant at 
 C'hiswick. Thus against the name of Blackman in 1657 we have 
 this entry — 
 
 "rccd. 39 pds. at Chesw. ])y old Gcntlew." 
 Tlie trnnsmission of money from n distnnce must oft on liave
 
 118 MEMOIR OF EIOHAED BUSBY 
 
 been difficult, and the difficulty may account for some of the 
 unpaid arrears. Sometimes a provident parent sent the money by 
 his son's hand. 
 
 " Jefferies pd 12/. scald in a bagg, untold, Whits. 58." 
 
 This Jefteries was not the future Chancellor, but the son of Lord 
 ITatton's steward at Kirby. lie was a musical genius, though his 
 motto in 1G58 can scarce have been cantabit vacuus. 
 
 There are several references to a curious but well-known custom 
 which illustrates the social life of the time. It was usual for a boy 
 of rank to be attended at school by his own man-servant. Busby 
 made a varj^ing charge for the man's board and lodging. In 1659 
 Sir Edward Seabright paid £3 Qs. 8d. for liis man for two months ; 
 and at the following Lady Day the Earl of Manchester paid 
 £4 G.s\ Sd. for the man who had waited for a rpiartcr upon his four 
 sons. The other cases mentioned in the Account Book are those 
 of Lord Maidstone and ]\Ir. Packington. 
 
 The stipends of the under master and the usher may be inferred 
 from the Accounts. The under master had, besides £15 a year 
 from the foundation, and the right to take two boarders, the tuition 
 fees of the hundred boys, more or less, who made up the forms 
 which he taught. A Christmas gift of lialf-a-guinea from each of 
 these boys brought up his income to aliout £300 a year. The 
 usher had £40 a year, and a stuff gown from Busby, with a 
 Christmas o-ift of five shillino-s from each of his boys. If he had 
 also board and lodging his place may have 1)een worth nearly £100 
 a year, not bad pay in those days. He might also hope for the 
 reversion of the under master's place. William James, who was 
 usher for some years before 1661, was glad to draw part of liis
 
 
 ■^ 
 
 
 
 ■*i? 
 
 • f 9 
 
 >„ 
 
 
 
 
 Tt r?--— '^^■ 
 
 
 A 
 
 ■3 5' 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 t^'. f;:'. 
 
 
 
 
 \ >'":^: 
 
 ^3 
 
 
 
 ^.^/ 
 
 
 
 
 
 y"-' 
 
 \ ■"' 
 
 ^>■ 
 
 ', . -is.. .'■'.•1 / /. 
 
 A page of Busliy's Account Bonk.
 
 busby's account book 121 
 
 salary beforeliand, and contracted deljt.s with Henry Seile, his 
 booksener, and others. These were paid by Busby and charged 
 against the usher's stipend. 
 
 Busby's lists of the School show one change which followed 
 the Civil War. Before 1G50 the sons of the nobility w^ere usually 
 tauoht at home l)y tutors, and, if they went to the University, 
 went there young. The boarders were sons of country gentlemen 
 and clergymen, the day Ijoys were largely sons of professional 
 men, and of residents in London and Westminster. Of the boarders 
 were Corbetts and Myttons from Shropshire, Knightleys from 
 Northamptonshire, and Saviles perhaps from Yorkshire. Of the 
 day boys were the sons of lawyers, such as John Green, Recorder 
 of London in 1G58, and Sir Thomas Eobinson, who dwelt in the 
 Temple ; and of physicians, such as Alexander Fraser, afterwards 
 leech to Charles IL George Hooper was the son of a man of 
 means who dwelt in Westminster. 
 
 Some time before the Restoration the great families began to 
 send their sons to Busby. The list contains PTowards, Digbys, 
 and Newports. The parents of sons had fought ex j^cn-te regi.-; and 
 suffered in the cause. There were three sons of Richard Sackville, 
 Earl of Dorset, who had voted against Straiford's attainder, and two 
 sons of Thomas Savage, Earl Rivers, whose grandmother's house 
 had been plundered by the Colchester rabble, " for no other ground 
 than that she was a papist." The Presbyterian party was as strongly 
 represented. AVilliam Russell, Earl of Bedford, had commanded the 
 Parliament's horse at Edgehill. His elder sons went to no school, 
 the two youngest came to Busby. Tliey were followed 1)}' four 
 sons of Edward Montao,!!, Earl (^f IMnncliester. who as Lord
 
 122 MEMOIR OF EICHAED BUSBY 
 
 Jvimboltoii had sliared the peril of the five members, and as I.ord 
 ^Manchester had conquered at Marston Moor. There were sons of 
 men whose politics lay between the Sackvilles and the Eussells, 
 such as Lord Keeper Bridgeman and Sir Harbottle Grimston. 
 
 Johnson says that it was known '• to have been the practice of 
 Dr. Busby to detain those youths long at school of whom he had 
 formed the highest expectations." Certainly Dr. Knipe kept William 
 Wogan two years beyond his time, that he might copy out Clarendon's 
 History for the press. Once at least Busby admitted a boy at 
 the age of nineteen. This was Charles Sackville, Lord Buckhurst, 
 eldest son of the fifth Earl of Dorset. Born in January 163|, he 
 had abeady been on his travels, when with two brothers he entered 
 the School in November 1657. He may have come as his brother's 
 protector, but neither tlie brilliance nor the debauchery of the 
 witty poet can have owed much to his l^rief sojourn under Busby's 
 roof. 
 
 In 1G5G the number of boys in the School was as follows — 
 
 Lady Day quarter, 241. 
 Midsummer quarter, 209. 
 Michaelmas quarter, 216. 
 Christmas quarter, 204. 
 
 Busby was at times driven into litigation, and apparently paid 
 fees directly to the counsel who appeared for him. An undated 
 entry gives a list of sums varying from £1 to £4 paid to 
 barristers. Among them are the distinguished names of Serjeant 
 Glyn and Serjeant Maynard. The others are Serjeants Hyde and 
 Fountain and ^h. Peck. It is worth noting, that of these five 
 lawyers three were strong supporters of the proposal to confer the
 
 busby's account book 123 
 
 title of king upon Oliver Cromwell. The fees were not guineas 
 but pounds, and varied from £1 to £4. 
 
 Of Busby's tradesmen there was one, himself an old Westminster, 
 destined to more fame after his deatli than during his lifetime. 
 
 "Jan. 29, 1GG3. 
 
 Reed then in full for all Aec"*'- for Faggotts \ 
 and billetts to the present date the sum of/ ^ •'^- ^^• 
 eight pounds fourteene shills six pence for tiler's 1-1 ^' 
 use of my by me ) 
 
 Master Edmund Clodfrey, Esq® 
 
 per ffrancis Smith." 
 
 Edmund Berry Godfrey was at this time a prosperous timber 
 merchant, and had a yard near Whitehall Stairs. It will l)e 
 observed that in writing the receipt Francis Smith ignored his 
 master's second C'liristian name. It was still so unusual to G:ive 
 more than one name in baptism that even Bishop Burnet calls 
 him Sir Edmonbury. For nearly two centuries the unfortunate 
 timber merchant was called out of liis name, despite the correct 
 description on his monument in the cloister. 
 
 Near the end of the book is what ap2:)ears to be an undated 
 inventory of raiment in the Doctor's possession. For a bachelor's 
 the list is certainly remarkable. There are indeed hoods and 
 caps and cuffs and coifs, as became a grave and reverend divine. 
 There arc nine skull-caps and as many pocket-handkerchiefs, but 
 there are only two shifts. As the sack to this l)read was eight 
 pairs of lawn cutis and seven })airs of cui^s whose stutl' is not 
 mentioned, it would seem that tlie Doctor liad no passion for clean 
 linen that did not show. The remarkal)lc part of the hst is the 
 number of pieces of raiment that could not have been used ])y a
 
 124 MK^roir; of pjchaep busby 
 
 man. There are live lawn wliisks, and six pairs of other whisks, and 
 two more that were not a pair. There were gorgets and forelaces 
 for stomachers and petticoats, red and white and pink. The 
 explanation donbtless is that Busby clothed his household, and the 
 petticoats were after the kind of livery. We are told that of three 
 red petticoats one went to ]\Iat. Barbon and another to Kate 
 Procer, while of four white petticoats two were served out to the 
 two sisters in his household, and a third passed to Mat. Barbon. 
 There was, moreover, a petticoat of figured velvet. For whom this 
 was designed w\as not stated ; but if Kate Procer had set her heart 
 on it, she was doomed to disappointment, for the Doctor notes 
 that it was "converted to my use." There are people still living 
 who can remember the time when waistcoats of fio-ured velvet were 
 the only wear for men of fjishion, but w^e can hardly imagine that 
 such a stuff can have displaced a clerk's prunella, or that vanity 
 was hidden beneath the gravity of the cassock. A waistcoat of 
 silver-laced serge w\as not intended for Busby's own use, though the 
 faded ink leaves us in ignorance of its purpose. 
 
 It must not, how^ever, be supposed that the divine's outer 
 raiment never travelled beyond the limits of silk and prunella. 
 There is something more than a suggestion of Oriental splendour 
 in the following receipt — 
 
 "May 7, 1666. 
 Reed aforehand five pownds to buy an Indian \ 
 Gowne, a Tippet and Cloath and other neces- / ^7 
 sarics for a suit for Dr. Busby. I say reed ( 
 
 aforehand ' 
 
 Chr. Skeene." 
 
 Nor w^as Busby indifferent to the material, as Mr. Bkecne's pre- 
 decessor had found to his cost —
 
 busby's account book 125 
 
 '•'Dec. 9, 1G63. 
 
 Reed ill full for all Aects till this present date ^ p , 7 
 the summe of four pds eight shills there being left ( 4 3 q 
 out the making of a Canonical coat because against ( 
 direction it was made of prest cloath. I say reed / 
 
 by me David CoUinaulx." 
 
 One receipt shows that the French merchant could nut spell in 
 a foreign tongue. 
 
 " 22 december 1660. Reseved of the wrti' Mr bu.sby 
 the sommc of fcve pounds six shelins in full of abille dat 
 is teted the byguining off the 5 of Jenuoirs 1660 to the 
 2i of Juiii 1660 Contening mindin somme Close and 
 maikiii a pairc of hose Spaniche fesoii and maikiii a 
 Camclct of smale woile goune and Cloke and naros iiiu- 
 saiit and a Clas Cloke and naros inosant 
 
 by me d. Collinaulx." 
 
 Of })late in Busby's possession there is one complete li^t beside 
 fragmentary references. This is dated January the nineteenth. 1662, 
 and gives the weight of the silver. This was by the items 1320 
 ounces avoirdupois, and valued on Busby's computation at five 
 shillings an ounce should give £330. By a combination of several 
 arithmetical errors — it must be remembered that no mathematics were 
 then taught at AVcstminster — he makes the weight 1346 ounces and 
 the value £326. At the same time he determined to sell some of 
 the plate, including such relics as "a cover of a bowle Cup" and 
 " 3 parts of spoons." In the following June he sold 235 ounces, for 
 which he got £58 Ids. Od. Evidently this was all sold as oKl silver at 
 five shillings an ounce. Some of what he kept must have Ijeen worth 
 more, but, like honest Pepys. he took no account of the fashion. 
 
 Some of the plate may have been inherited, despite the i-Cd
 
 1:2G MEMulR OF RICHARD CU8BY 
 
 amjiida ilomi, for it can scarcely have been citlier bought by or 
 presented to a bachelor. Busby lent or gave it to those who could 
 find a use for it. 
 
 "' 1 Caudle and porringer — to Mrs. F : " 
 
 Sometimes we see traces of the careless maid and of the hind rat. 
 Three " broken spoones " speak of the former, and the word " stole " 
 four times used of the latter. Lady Dorset's great dish went to the 
 thieves. 
 
 Of the other pieces the most interesting are one " Little physick 
 box," two " ]\Larmalet Broad stand-plates " and two '" drinking Dishes 
 for the parlour." 
 
 Unlike Bentley, who learned to smoke at the age of seventy. 
 Busby was no tardy worshipper at the shrine of tobacco. It is true 
 that there is no mention of it in the accounts of 165G, but we may 
 very well suppose that it is included in some of the miscellaneous 
 items. That it was not always purchased alone is clear from the 
 following entry — 
 
 " Mr. Kendal for Tob. and Coff. 00 10 00." 
 
 While this again may show that it was at times paid for through the 
 page— 
 
 '' q. Harry 
 Wine and Tobacco 2 . . " 
 
 The sum in this case is £2. On 19th January six shillings and 
 sixpence was spent on tobacco, and five days later tobacco appears 
 as costing a pound. If the first quantity was consumed before the 
 second was bought, Busby's consumption was hardly parens et in- 
 frequens, for six and sixpence would buy at least two pounds of such 
 tobacco as the commonalty smoked, and something like three-quarters
 
 BUSBY S ACCOUNT BOOK 
 
 127 
 
 of a pound of tlie finest product of Virginia. To-day's price of tobacco 
 is mucli as tliat of tlic time of Oliver and Charles the Second. 
 
 Unimpaired as Busby kept his faculties, he was not able to 
 preach in his latter years. It was an age of painful preaching, 
 when brevity was little accounted of, and when Pepys could range 
 from church to church and hear parts of many sermons. Busby can 
 be forgiven if at the age of fourscore he spoke through alien lii)s. 
 In 1686 he had ten '•'preaching turns" in the Abbey, and on each 
 occasion his place was taken by one of his old pupils. The most 
 distinguished of these substitutes was George Hooper, at that time 
 chaplain to the King, and afterwards Bishop of Bath and ^^^ells. 
 Evelyn counted him in " the first rank of pulpit men in the nation." 
 In 1687 eleven old Westminsters had the honour of preaching in 
 their Master's place. 
 
 
 
 
 
 lEpyi 
 
 ^^" RL^«^^^^^WH|p!tw .^KES^^Mgg^ 
 
 lllllTlM.1 U^mX- 
 
 
 jjHBIIJI 
 
 jjj^^jj^^^^^^^l^l 
 
 Lilllc Dcairs YiUil.
 
 APPENDIX I. 
 
 THE WILL AND CODICILS 
 
 OF 
 
 THE REV. RICHARD BUSBY, D.D, 
 
 K
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 THE WILL AXD CODICILS OF THE REV. RICHARD BUSBY, D.D. 
 
 3(ir ibc Tlaine of 6o'0'. ^mciL 
 
 I, RICHARD BUSBY Doctor in Divinity One of the Prebendaries of win dated 
 the Collegiate Chvirch of Saint Peter in Westminster and Master of 1693. ^ ^' 
 the King's School there being infirm in body but (praised be God) of o/fOTmer*" 
 sound mind and good understanding Do make and declare this my ^^' '^^ 
 last Will and Testament revoking and disclaiming all other Wills by 
 me of any time heretofore made and in particular the Will made by 
 me bearing date the fifteenth day of June in the Year of Our Lord 
 Christ One thousand Six hundred Eighty five. 
 
 First. I bequeath my Soul into the hands of God relying wholly Disposition 
 upon his good grace and mercy for the pardon of all my sins and for 
 the benison of everlasting peace and blessedness through Jesus Christ 
 my only Saviour testifying hereby that I have always lived and by 
 God's Grace do intend to die in the Communion of the Church of Eng- 
 land which (as I conceive) undoubtedly agree-eth with the Primitive 
 Catholic Church. My body I commend to decent christian burial and Disposition 
 if it may be by the favour of the Dean of Westminster T desire to be ' ^' 
 buried in the said Collegiate Church of Westminster near to the lower 
 step ascending to the Rail and leading to the Altar of the said Church 
 hoping for a joyful resurrection to Life eternal. 
 
 And as to my temporal estate when my Legacies Debts and Funeral Direction as 
 expenses are fully satisfied and paid which I require to be done in the mentTJrhia 
 first place and within three months after my decease. I do dispose let'acies.etc. 
 thei'eof as followeth : 
 
 And Fikst I give and devise all that my Manor of Willen in the 
 
 131
 
 132 
 
 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 Devise of 
 the .Manor 
 of Willen 
 with the 
 advowson 
 thereof and 
 other liis 
 lands and 
 heredita- 
 ments 
 whereso- 
 ever to 
 thirteen 
 trustees. 
 
 L'pon trust 
 to pay the 
 yearly sum 
 of £200 for 
 the relief of 
 poor Minis- 
 ters in Lin- 
 colnshire, 
 Oxford- 
 shire, 
 Middlesex, 
 and Uuck- 
 ingham- 
 shire, whose 
 stipends 
 shall be 
 under f.'iO 
 per annum. 
 
 county of Bucks with the rights members and appurtenances thereof or 
 thereunto belonging. And also the perpetual Advowson patronage 
 and right of presentation to the Vicarage of the parish Chvirch of 
 "Willen aforesaid and all other my Mesuages Lands Tenements and 
 Hereditaments whatsoever in AVillen aforesaid or elsewhere in the 
 county of Bucks and all other my Lands Tenements and Hereditaments 
 whatsoever and wheresoever and all my Estate right title interest in 
 Law and Equity therein which Lands and premises aforementioned are 
 of the rare yearly value of Five hundred and Twenty pounds or there- 
 abouts over and above the yearly rent or sum of sixty one pounds 
 payable out of some part of the premises by Virtue of a decree of the 
 High Court of Chancery to the Vicar there and his successors unto my 
 honored and worthy friends the Bight Honorable Daniel Earl of 
 Nottingham the Bight Honorable James Lord Lanesborough the Hon- 
 orable Heneage Finch Esq. Sir Thomas Dike Bart. Sir Thomas Milling- 
 ton Knt. Sir John Baber Knt. the Bevd. Dr. George Hooper Dean 
 of Canterbury the Bevd. Dr. Bobert South William Thursby Esq. 
 Bichard Newman Esq. William Busby of Gray's Inn Esq. brother to 
 Sir John Busby Thomas Knipe of Westminster Gierke and John Ned- 
 ham of Westminster aforesaid Gentleman their Heirs and Assignes for 
 ever. In Trust nevertheless and to the uses intents and purposes 
 hereinafter mentioned and expressed in this my Will or in Schedule or 
 Codicil which shall hereafter be annexed to this my Will. And First 
 my Will and meaning is and I do hereby direct and appoint that my 
 Trustees aforementioned their Heirs and Assignes shall yearly for ever 
 pay and allow out of the rents and profits of the lands and premises 
 in Willen aforesaid and elsewhere the yearly sum of Two hundred 
 pounds for the relief and support of such poor Ministers who have a 
 great work and small revenue under the value of fifty pounds a year 
 and are painful and diligent in the Ministry and are of good life and 
 conversation and do teach the children of the parish the principles of 
 Christian Beligion as they are obliged by the rules of the Church to do 
 Avhich said sum of Two hundred pounds I would have to be distributed 
 yearly unto such Ministers more or less to each according to their 
 known necessities and as the major part of my said Trustees at their 
 public meetings shall see meet and convenient upon good and sure 
 information of the persons and their conditions not less than five 
 pounds at any one time to any one such person nor more than Twenty 
 pounds to any one person in any one year and this distribution to be
 
 APPENDIX I 133 
 
 made yearly to the poor Ministers within the counties hereafter 
 mentioned viz. Lincohi (my native country) Oxford (the place of my 
 education) Middlesex (the place of the chief residence of my life) and 
 Buckingham (the place where this my Estate disposed of in these bene- 
 factions lyeth). And my meaning and desire is that my said Trustees 
 shall every third year obtain a new list of sixty poor Ministers out of 
 the aforesaid four counties three out of Lincolnshire for one out of 
 any of the other three counties that county abounding much more with 
 poor and necessitous Ministers which is a thing most deplorable and 
 still to be relieved otherwise besides this my small contribution. So 
 that the list aforementioned will contain thirty poor Ministers out of 
 Lincolnshire and Ten out of every other of the three remaining 
 counties. And for the making and renewing of the said list my Will 
 and desire is that my said Trustees their Heirs and Assignes do re- 
 quest the aid and assistance of the Archdeacons and Gentry of the 
 said several counties for the knowledge of the poor deserving Ministers 
 in the respective counties aforementioned and there upon make such 
 distribution of the said Two hundred pounds a year proportionally and 
 successively some one year and some another year as my said Trustees 
 their Heirs and Assignes shall in care and charity wisdom and pru- 
 dence think best so that all the said poor Ministers may partake of the 
 said Charity in proportion and quantity according to their needs and 
 the best that may be for their comfort and relief. And I do further to pay a 
 
 •imi n • -TT • ^ K ■ yearly sum 
 
 direct and appoint that my said Irustees their Heirs and Assignes of£'2oto 
 shall out of the rents and profits of the lands and premises in Willen of ti^e Delu 
 aforesaid and elsewhere yearly for ever pay and allow unto such person ter of wLt- 
 as shall be the Receiver of the Rents and Revenues belonging to the ™h"^sap- 
 Dean and Chapter of the Collegiate Church of St. Peter in Westmins- f^'^^ewl- of 
 ter for the time being whom I do hereby appoint to be the Receiver jund™** 
 and Cashier of the Rents and Revenues of my Manor lands and 
 premises aforementioned in Willen and elsewhere the sum of Twenty 
 pounds of lawful money of England to be paid him yearly at the four 
 most usual feasts in the year (that is to say) at the feast of St. Michael 
 the Archangel the birth of our Lord Cod the Annunciation of the 
 blessed Virgin Mary and the nativity of St. John the Baptist by even 
 and equal payments So as such Receiver do give security to my said 
 Trustees their Heirs and Assignes to answer such monies as shall be 
 received by hiin and to take upon liiin (lioso trusts and duties following 
 (that is to say) That in tlie lirst jdace he do go down to my said Manor
 
 134 
 
 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 The duties 
 of the 
 Receiver. 
 
 To pay a 
 veailv .sum 
 of £-10 to 
 the bailiff 
 to be ap- 
 pointed by 
 the Re- 
 ceiver. 
 
 The duties 
 of the baQiff. 
 
 To expend 
 £10 annual- 
 ly in pro- 
 viding two 
 dinners at 
 the two 
 meetings of 
 the ti-us- 
 tee.-^. 
 
 of Willen twice in every year to view the condition thereof and to 
 order and direct the Bailiff and Tenants there the best he can for the 
 well management of the concerns of the said Manor and the Tenants 
 there. And in the second place that he take and state the Bailiif 's 
 accounts there and take order for the said Bailiff's getting in arrears 
 of Rent and the performing of all other matters within the trust and 
 duty of a bailiff. And in the third place that he from time to time 
 give an account to my said Trustees their Heirs and Assignes of his. 
 performance of the matters aforesaid and his issuing out of monies for 
 the performance of this my Will and pursue such further direction 
 as he shall from time to time receive from them for the effecting there- 
 of. A nd further I will that my said Trustees their Heirs and Assignes 
 shall allow the yearly sum of Ten pounds to a Bailiff or Steward in 
 the county of Bucks to be appointed by the said Receiver and approved 
 of by my said Trustees for the better assisting my said Trustees and 
 the receiving in their letting to farm and managing my said estate 
 there and the bringing in my Rents to the said Receiver at "West- 
 minster. And my further Will and meaning is that such Bailiff shall 
 give security by bond to my said Trustees faithfully and truly to 
 collect the rents of the premises and to return the same to the said 
 Receiver and to be careful in the repairs of my Tenements at Willen 
 and to perform all other matters belonging to the office and duty of a 
 Bailiff and my Will is that the said bailiff shall not pay any sum of 
 money whatsoever to any person whomsoever but only to the hands 
 and person of the Receiver for the time being. Nor the Receiver to 
 presume to pay any money so received by him from the said Bailiff or 
 otherwise being any part of my estate to any person whomsoever but 
 only to my said Trustees at their Two General Meetings six of my said 
 Trustees at the least being then present. And in case the Bailiff or 
 Receiver or either of them shall presume to dispose or pay any money in 
 anywise to any person whatsoever but only by order and direction of 
 my said Trustees as aforesaid that he be then required immediately to 
 repay the said money and be admonished for the future not to do the like 
 and upon the like offence to be dismissed. And my further Will is 
 and I do hereby direct and appoint that the sum of Ten pounds be 
 yearly expended by my said Trustees in providing of two dinners twice 
 in every year for their public meeting to go then to examine and audit 
 Lhe accounts of my estates and to examine and inspect the due perform- 
 ance of the donations in this my Will the second Thursday both in
 
 APPENDIX I 135 
 
 Easter and Michaelmas Terms which I do hereby request of them to 
 do. And at such their meetings in case that any two of my said Trus- 
 tees shall hapjien to be dead that then the survivors of the Trustees 
 aforementioned and those always to be eight in number or six at the 
 least to choose two other right worthy persons of the like integrity and Power to 
 loyalty with themselves and no others in the place of those which are new tms- 
 dead and do then and thereupon make assurances by advice of Counsel 
 learned in the laws of my said Manor lands and premises together with 
 those which shall hereafter be purchased according to the Trvist herein 
 declared to the use of such survivors and others to be chosen in the 
 place of those which shall be deceased as aforesaid their Heirs and 
 Assignes upon the trusts and intents herein declared to the end the 
 said Trust may be continued to be performed from time to time to the 
 Glory of God Almighty and the good by me intended for ever. All the 
 rest of my estate in lands tenements and hereditaments with the rents j^g^^^ggt^^f'^ 
 issues and profits thereof and all my monies goods chattels and personal u!J^y'jg^f ''^' 
 estate whatsoever which I shall die possessed of or interested in or g"^^fgg^j^^g 
 intituled unto in law or equity my Will is that the same and every •'^^'^^'lP'^^^^g 
 part thereof when my debts and legacies herein and such as I shall debts and 
 
 ■■■ '' ° ... legacies, to 
 
 express and devise my schedule to be annexed to this my Will (which his trustees, 
 
 i •' ^. to be em- 
 
 I do hereby declare shall be taken as part of my Will) as also my ployed by 
 funeral charges shall be fully satisfied shall belong to and come to my purciiashig 
 
 . real estate 
 
 Trustees aforementioned their Heirs and Assignes to be by them laid near wii- 
 
 „.,,.,. , leii to be 
 
 out and employed in the purchasing of lands of inheritance as near to settled upon 
 Willen as conveniently they can and by them to be settled for such able uses as 
 charitable uses as they in their Godly wisdom shall see meet and con- thiiik fit. 
 venient it having been my purpose and resolution ever since the One 
 and Thirtieth year of my life to settle such estate as God in his great 
 mercy shall intrust me with upon such charitable uses as may lead to 
 God's Glory and the relief and comfort of good people in necessity. 
 And I do hereby Will declare and appoint that the charges of my 
 Trustees of all kinds expended in the execution of tlie trusts relating 
 to the performance of this my Will and also the charges of my Re- 
 ceivers and EaiHlTs about the execution of the aforesaid Trusts and 
 duties required of them relating to my lands shall be from time to time 
 borne and allowed out of the rents and profits thereof over and above 
 the salaries given and allowed as aforesaid and that they nor either of ^^^p*°/^^^ ^,f 
 them shall answer for any casual or unwilful loss or miscarriage by the Re- 
 fire or robbery or other the like accident of what either of them shall bailiffs.
 
 136 
 
 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 trustees, 
 and exors. 
 
 Appoint- 
 ment of 
 arbitrators 
 in the case 
 of any doubt 
 or dispute. 
 
 Appoint- 
 ment of five 
 executors ; 
 to each of 
 whom a 
 legacy of 
 jeSO is given. 
 
 To matters 
 of great 
 moment 
 the first 
 four exe- 
 cutors are 
 to be con- 
 sulted and 
 their con- 
 sent ob- 
 tained. 
 
 SO receive. And I will that all such charges as my Trustees or Exe- 
 cutors any or either of them shall necessarily expend in or about the 
 execution of the Trusts aforesaid and which they shall make proof of 
 by their own oathes respectively shall be full and justly allowed them. 
 And my further Will and mind is and I do hereby also declare and 
 appoint that if any doubt or dispute shall at any time or times here- 
 after happen about the exposition or meaning of any words or clauses 
 contained in this my Will that then the same shall be expounded and 
 construed by the Et. Revd. the Lord Bishop of London the Lord Chief 
 Justice of the Court of Common Pleas the Master of the Rolls and the 
 Judge of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury for the time being whose 
 judgments or judgment of any three of them shall be final and obliga- 
 tory to determine such doubt of my meaning. And I will and declare 
 also that the judgments of any three of the said Honorable and worthy 
 persons aforenamed shall be final and binding to determine all differ- 
 ences happening between any persons or containing any matters 
 relating to the Trtists in this my Will ordered and declared. 
 
 And lastly I do hereby constitute and appoint my honored and 
 worthy friends the aforenamed Right Honorable Daniel Earl of Not- 
 tingham the Honorable Heneage Finch Esq. the Revd. Doctor Robert 
 South William Thursby Esq. and John Nedham gentleman to be the 
 Executors of this my AVill and I do hereby give and bequeath to my 
 said Executors for their care and pains to be taken in the execution of 
 this my Will to every of them the sum of fifty pounds. And my 
 fuither Will and meaning is and I do hereby direct and appoint that 
 in matters of great moment and concern relating to the contents of 
 this my Will nothing be altered or done without the assent or good 
 liking of the aforenamed Daniel Earl of Nottingham Heneage Finch 
 Esq. Doctor Ptobert South and William Thursby Esq. In witness 
 whereof I have to this my Will containing four sheets of paper to 
 every of the said sheets set to my hand and seal the tenth day of July 
 in the fifth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord and Lady William 
 and Mary King and Queen and in the year of our Lord One Thou- 
 sand Six Hundred Ninety and Three. Richard Busby. Signed sealed 
 published and declared in the presence of J. Bullock,' Ch. Battely,^ 
 Thos. Jones, Robt. Swann,^ Edm, Burtt. 
 
 1 John Bullock was one of the Almsmen of the Abliey. 
 
 "'' Cliarles Battely, Secondary of the Remembrancer's office, was a son-in-law of 
 John Needham (or Nedham), Busby's solicitor. 
 
 " Robert Swann su])se(juently became a son-in-law of John Needham.
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 137 
 
 A Codicil to be annexed to my last Will bearing date the tenth 
 day of this instant July signed sealed and published this eleventh day 
 of July in the year of our Lord One thousand Six hundred Ninety and 
 Three which I do hereby declare shall be taken as part of my "Will. 
 
 I do hereby direct and appoint that my Trustees in my Will named 
 their Heirs and Assignes do for ever pay and allow out of the rents 
 issues and profits of my manor and lands in Willen in my Will named 
 and elsewhere the yearly sum of Twenty pounds of lawful money of 
 England to some worthy and learned person of the College of Christ 
 Church in Oxford who hath been formerly a Westminster Schollar 
 chosen by election student of divinity and fit for that purpose to be 
 presented to the Dean by the Masters of Art of the said College such 
 as also have been Westminster Schollars elected and to be chosen by 
 the Dean out of two or three which shall be best qualified for that 
 solemn and holy office and by him presented to my said Trustees to 
 read and interpret in some one of the parish Churches in Oxford in 
 thirty lectures of practical divinity all the principles of christian re- 
 ligion two and twenty of which said lectures my desire is may be 
 performed betwixt Easter and Christmas expounding all the said prin- 
 ciples contained in the Creed the Decalogue the Lords Prayer and the 
 Sacraments. The other eight to be more exhortations for the stirring 
 up the minds and affections of the hearers to the practice of what they 
 have been taught and those to be performed betwixt Christmas and 
 Easter and principally in Lent to the better preparing and making 
 them more knowing and in better readiness for the receiving of the 
 Holy Sacrament at Easter then following. And my AVill is that all 
 the said lectures and exhortations aforementioned shall be plain expos- 
 itions of the several Christian principles (and not sermons) evidenced 
 out of Scripture the Articles and Liturgy of the Church of England 
 and by authority of the fathers briefly and not otherwise. And be- 
 cause the purpose of instituting the lectures aforementioned is to the 
 great end of educating the children in christian knowledge my Will is 
 that the said lecturer do spend one third part of his hour in examining 
 the children of the said parish concerning those questions and answers 
 which he shall have delivered to them at the end of every lecture to be 
 repeated by them at their next meeting to the said lecturer examining 
 of them. And T do further give twenty shillings yearly for bibles and 
 other books to be bought yearly for ever and distributed by the said 
 lecturer to such of the said children as profit most under his instruc- 
 
 First Codi- 
 cil, dated 
 llth July, 
 1(393. 
 
 Trustees to 
 pay £20 
 yearly to a 
 lecturer 
 who shall 
 be a West- 
 minster 
 student of 
 Christ 
 
 Church, and 
 shall deliver 
 thirty lec- 
 tures 
 
 of practical 
 divinity in 
 one of the 
 parish 
 churches of 
 Oxford. 
 
 The chil- 
 dren of the 
 jiarisli to lie 
 examined 
 by the 
 lecturer. 
 
 liequcst (it 
 i;l iier 
 aniunii for 
 the pur- 
 IKisc of
 
 138 
 
 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 Bibles, etc. 
 for prizes. 
 
 As to the 
 mode of 
 payment of 
 the s;iid 
 .«uins by the 
 trustees. 
 
 Tnistecs 
 directed to 
 take the 
 advice of 
 the Dean 
 and Chapter 
 of Christ 
 Church in 
 presenting 
 to the living 
 of Willun. 
 
 The nomi- 
 nee to be a 
 ■Westmin- 
 ster st\ident 
 of Christ 
 Church, etc. 
 
 tion. "Whifli said respective yearly sums of twenty pounds and twenty 
 shillings my "W^'ill is shall be paid by half yearly payments upon the 
 second Thursday in every Michaelmas and Easter Terms at the ap- 
 pointed meetings of my said Trustees by equal portions upon certificate 
 received by my said Trustees at their then several meetings from the 
 Churchwardens of the said parish where the said lecture is read under 
 their own hands that the duties before enjoined in the full number 
 have been well duly and faithfully performed by the said lecturer 
 according to my direction and intendment (that is to say) what number 
 of my said lectures have been performed betwixt Easter and the second 
 Thursday in every IMichaelmas Term yearly. And again that the 
 remainder and full number of the said thirty lectures have been per- 
 formed before the aforesaid second Thvu'sday in every Easter Term 
 yearly and unless such certificate be sent as aforesaid the money to be 
 detained and defalked and not paid. And I do further direct and 
 appoint that my Trustees in my Will named their Heirs and Assignes 
 shall for ever take the advice and direction of the Dean and Chapter of 
 Christ Church in Oxford and their successors in their presentation to 
 the Church of Willen in my Will named whenever the same becomes 
 void. (The body of which Church and Chancel I have built anew.) 
 And my Will is and I do hereby direct and appoint that the same be 
 always conferred by them my said Trustees their Heirs and Assignes 
 upon such a worthy member of Christ Church as is both learned and 
 religious and of good life and hath been chosen from Westminster by 
 election and who hath been formerly Lecturer of the said principles of 
 Christianity (if any such be) and hath preached two laudable sermons in 
 the University he undertaking to reside upon the place and upon his 
 cure as the law requires him And also giving security by bond to my 
 said Trustees their Heirs and Assignes with such lawful conditions and 
 in such form as Counsel learned in the law shall advise for his due per- 
 formance thereof and as by law may or can be taken. And whereas I 
 have at my own great costs erected a building for a library within the 
 parish Church of Willen aforesaid and do intend to furnish the same 
 with books to the value of One hundred and fifty pounds at the least 
 for the use and benefit of the Vicars there and other neighbouring 
 Ministers and have given also several Vestments and all the jilate to 
 be used at the Receiving of the Holy Communion there ^ which books 
 
 ^ Tlie vestments arc no longer in existence, but the Communion plate, consist- 
 ing of Paten, Chalice, Flagon, and Alms-dish, arc still in use.
 
 APPENDIX I 139 
 
 Vestments and plate my desire is may be carefully preserved there for 
 the benefit of succession and they being chiefly under the care of the 
 Yicar of the said place. My Will is and I do hereby direct and appoint 
 that in case the said Vicar and his successors will be content to give 
 such security to my said Trustees their Heirs and Assignes as they shall 
 think fit for the preservation of the said books vestments and plate (of The cat.a- 
 
 ,., 11P1111 l"o"e of the 
 
 which my intention is there shall be a catalogue kept or the books and books and 
 
 a registry of the plate and v^estments to be inspected every year by the of the piate 
 
 Receiver of my rents at his coming thither whensoever he pleases) to ments hi 
 
 the benefit of posterity and will also undertake to perform the duties church to 
 
 hereafter enjoined in such manner as herein is directed (that is to say) aimuaiiy by 
 
 that he do duly and constantly the reading of prayers in the said Church cJfver!' 
 at Willen twice on every Holy day and once on every Wednesday and 
 Friday as the Rubric directs. And that he do further read and interpret 
 
 in thirty lectures of practical divinity all the principles of christian Duties of 
 
 ... , fi'i-iii !•• 1 tli'^ Vicar. 
 
 rehgion two and twenty of which said lectures my desire is may be 
 performed betwixt Easter and Christmas expounding all the said 
 principles contained in the Creed the Decalogue the Lords Prayer and 
 the Sacraments the other eicht to be more solemn exhortations for the 
 stirring up the minds and affections of the hearers to the practice of 
 what they have been taught and those to be performed betwixt Christ- 
 mas and Easter and principally in Lent (in such like manner as is 
 directed to be performed by the lecturers at Oxford) to the better pre- 
 paring them and making them more knowing and in better readiness 
 for the receiving of the Holy Sacrament at Easter then following. 
 Then in such case my Will is and I do hereby direct and appoint that 
 my said Trustees their Heirs and Assignes upon his giving such security 
 as is aforementioned and performance of the said duties before enjoined 
 shall and do well and truly pay unto the said Vicar of Willen and his 
 successors for ever (giving the like security and performing the said 
 duties) out of the rents and profits of my manor and lands in Willen Trustees to 
 and elsewhere the yearly rent or sum of Twenty pounds of lawful money vicar i-jn 
 or England (over and above the money to be yearly paid him by the for the do- 
 Decree of the High Court of Chancery) to be paid him by half yearly thirty 
 payments at the days aforementioned for the payment of the lecturer at "practical 
 
 Oxford upon certificate received by my said Trustees at their General 
 Meetings from the Churchwardens of the said parish of AVillcn nndor 
 their own hands that the duties before enjoined in tlicir full inimlxr 
 have been well duly and faithfully performed by the Yicar lliero 
 
 divinity.'
 
 140 
 
 ilEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 Bequest of 
 £1 per 
 
 .11111 um for 
 the pur- 
 chase of 
 Bibles, etc. 
 as prizes to 
 the chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Annuity of 
 
 £-M to 
 
 ■\Vi.iow 
 
 Bellare. 
 
 Annuity of 
 £■20 to 
 Michael 
 Maittalre. 
 
 The same to 
 John Gee. 
 
 according to my direction and intendment (tliat is to say) what number 
 of the said lectures hath been read between Easter and the second 
 Thursday in Michaelmas Term and that the remainder of the said 
 thirty lectures have been performed before the second Thursday in 
 Easter Term following and unless such certificate be sent as aforesaid 
 the m.oney to be detained and defalked and not paid. And I do further 
 give the sum of twenty shillings yearly for bibles and other books to 
 be bought yearly and distributed by the said Yicars to such children 
 as shall profit most under their instructions, to be paid by my said 
 Trustees their Heirs and Assignes at the days and times aforementioned 
 yearly for ever. Also I do further give and bequeath unto the Widow 
 Bellare a remote relation of mine lately inhabiting in Ireland one 
 annuity or yearly rent or sum of thirty pounds lawful money of Eng- 
 land to be paid yearly during her life at the four most usual feasts in 
 the year (that is to say) at the feasts of St. Michael the Archangel the 
 Birth of our Lord God the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary 
 and the Nativity of St. John Baptist by even and equal portions the 
 first payment thereof to begin and be made at such of the said feasts 
 as shall first happen next after my decease. And I do also give unto 
 my schollar Michael Maitere (if he continue to live with me to the time 
 of my death) one annuity or yearly rent or sum of twenty pounds of 
 lawful money of England to be paid to him yearly in like manner as 
 last before mentioned during the term of his natural life. And to my 
 servant John Gee (if he shall continue to live with me to the time of my 
 death) I do also give the yearly rent or sum of twenty pounds of 
 lawful money of England to be paid to him in like manner at the feasts 
 last before mentioned during the term of his natural life. Which said 
 annuities or yearly rents or sums of money last before mentioned my 
 Will is that they and every of them shall be paid by my said Trustees 
 in my Will named their Heirs and Assignes out of the rents issues and 
 profits of my said manor lands and premises in Willen aforesaid and 
 elsewhere. In Witness whereof I have to this my Codicil containing 
 two sheets and part of a third sheet of paper to every of the said sheets 
 set to my hand and seal the day and year first above written. EI. 
 BUSBY. Signed sealed published and declared in the presence of 
 J. Bullock, Ch. Batteley, Tho. Jones, Robt. Swann, Edm. Burtt, 
 
 Second 
 Codicil, 
 dated 'JOth 
 
 A fuutheu Codicil to be annexed to my last Will which I do 
 hereby dechire shall be taken as a further part of my said Will whereas
 
 APPENDIX I 141 
 
 I have by Deed poll in writing under my hand and seal dated the February, 
 Ninth day of January last past promised and obliged myself and my 
 Executors to found a Catechetical Lecture in Baliol College in Oxford Recital of 
 for the purpose and upon conditions in a statute lately made by the gt^h januiry 
 Master Fellows and Schollars and ratified by the Visitor of the said ]^lf^.^hI 
 College at or before Easter Day ensuing the date hereof and fearing sg°ft^found 
 least I should be surprised by death before I can effect the same now ^ fiatecheti- 
 
 i •' cal lecture 
 
 my Will and meaning is and I do hereby direct and appoint that my 'A*|?'^^^*°Kx 
 Trustees in my Will named their Heirs and Assignes do yearly for ever f^ri^- 
 pay and allow unto such Catechetical Lecturer as shall be from time to 
 time assigned or appointed by the Master for the time being of the said Direction to 
 College the sum of thirteen pounds six shillings and eight pence of law- pa"^the* 
 ful money of England to be paid in manner following (that is to say) ^is^^^^s.?. 
 upon every second Monday in Michaelmas Term the sum of Five pounds ^^' ''""""^• 
 and upon every second Monday in Easter Term yearly for ever the sum 
 of Eight pounds thirteen shillings and fourpence the said lecturer 
 performing the duties i-equired and enjoined him by the said statute and 
 producing to my said Trustees such testimonial thereof by certificate 
 under the hand of the Master of the said College only and no other to 
 be delivered to my said Trustees asserting that the duties enjoined have 
 been faithfully and fully performed for the same time and not otherwise. 
 The said yearly rent of thirteen pounds six shillings and eightpence to 
 be issuing and payable for ever out of the rents issues and profits of my 
 manor and lands in Willen in the said county of Bucks in my Will 
 named anything before mentioned in my said AVill contained to the 
 contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding. And my further Will ah miuia- 
 and meaning is that all the Ministers to whom I have given donations ing do'im- 
 in my said ^^'ill in an annual list and circle shall be obliged to I'ead th"wm't" 
 thirty Catechetical Lectures on thirty Sundays in every year in the fatechetkui 
 afternoon fifteen in one half year and fifteen in the other half year.^ yifuriy!'* 
 the first half year beginning the second Monday in Easter Term and 
 ending the second Monday in Michaelmas Term and the second half 
 year beginning from the said second Monday in Michaelmas Term and 
 ending the second Monday in Easter Term following. And that six of 
 
 1 In a letter to Lord Lexington, dated 9th April, 1G95, Mr. Vernon says, " Dr. 
 Busby is at last dead, but has not left so great an estate as was expected. . . . 
 What he had is chiefly given to the augmentation of several poor Vicarages, but 
 he has tacked so many lectures to his gifts they will be dearly earned ; he could 
 not forbear being a pedant in his w ill, imposing exercises to the world's cud " 
 (The Lcxingto7i Papers, 1851, p. 74).
 
 142 
 
 MEMOIR OF RICHARD EFSBY 
 
 the lectures of the half year between the second Monday in Michaelmas 
 Term and the second Monday in Easter Term shall be performed in 
 Lent and shall be exhortary to the practice of what hath been taught 
 in the former lectures prepai-atory for the worthy receiving of the 
 Sacrament at Easter following in like manner as the Master and 
 Fellows of Baliol College have voluntarily enjoined themselves to 
 Evidence of perform by a statute. And that the truth of the performance thereof 
 
 the delivery ■•• -^ ■■■ 
 
 of the lee- be certified to my Trustees under the hands of the Churchwardens for 
 
 tines to he . . . .,-.,.. . ., at-i- 
 
 funiished. the time being m the said Ministers respective parishes. And it any 
 doubt shall arise in my said Trustees of the truth of the performance 
 thereof and consequently of the certificate then the Diocesan of the 
 place be desired to give his knowledge of the truth thereof, And upon 
 such evidence given of the truth thereof the money to be paid forthwith 
 without delay and otherwise no manner of payment to be made. In 
 EVIDENCE whereof I have to this my Codicil set to my hand and seal 
 this Six and twentieth day of February in the seventh year of the reign 
 of our Sovereign Lord King William III. etc. and in the year of our Lord 
 One thousand Six hundred Ninety and four. EI. BUSBY. Signed 
 sealed published and declared in the presence of Stephen Ckespion,^ 
 
 RlCHARB KnIPE,2 EdWARD ClIFT. 
 
 Third 
 Codicil, 
 dated 26th 
 February, 
 1094-5. 
 
 A FURTHER Codicil to be annexed to my AA^'ill which I do hereby 
 declare shall be taken as part of my Will. Whereas I have for some 
 time intended to have a catalogue made of all my books and to have 
 placed great part of them in the library belonging to the Kings School 
 at Westminster built and fitted by me at my own great costs and 
 charges and also some other part thereof such as may be fit for 
 the use of the Ministry to be placed in the library belonging to 
 the Church at Willen ^ in the county of Bucks built also by 
 me at my own great charge. And whereas I have in my custody 
 
 ^ Stephen Crespion, Prebendary of Bristol, and Sacrist and Chaiinter of 
 Westminster Abbey, was elected from Westminster to Christ Church, Oxford, in 
 1666. He died on 25th November, 1711 (Chester's Westminster Abbey Ecgisters, 
 p. 273). 
 
 ^ Richard Knipe, Busby's godson, was a son of Busby's successor. He was 
 elected from Westminster to Christ Church, Oxford, in 1686, and was appointed 
 High Bailiff of Westminster on 23rd August, 1692. He was buried in the North 
 Cloister on 22nd February, 1702-3 (ibid. p. 251). 
 
 3 A Catalogue of Books in the Library of Willen in the county of Bucks, partly 
 the gift of Dr. Richard Busby, a. v. 1695, for the use of the Vicar or Resident Minister 
 for the time being, and partly bequeathed by the Rev. Mr. Hume, Rector of Bradwell, 
 was published in 1848. The books are now kept in the Vicarage, the Library 
 having been found too damp for them.
 
 APPENDIX I 143 
 
 the greatest part of the study of books lately belonging to Mr. As to the 
 Thurscrosse deceased ^ as being one of his Executors and it being his of his own 
 intendment that such part of them as was fit for the use of poor those"iateiy 
 country Curates should be sent down into Yorkshire and be disposed of as Mr. Thuis- 
 Mr. Thursby should advise to three Churches if they will serve them ceased." 
 according to the tenor of his Will but by reason of my great age and 
 infii'mities I have not as yet placed and disposed of the same. Now my 
 AVill and meaning is and I do hereby direct and appoint that my 
 Executors in my Will named with the advice of my Trustees or the 
 major part of them and the assistance of my Schollar Mr. Michael 
 Maitere and my servant John Gee who have been employed by me in 
 the setting out of such books as I intended to have sent and placed at 
 the several places aforementioned and have in good manner set out the 
 greater part of the same and can give directions of my intendment 
 therein do as soon as conveniently may be after my decease settle and 
 dispose of the said books in the best manner my Executors can at the 
 places and for the uses aforementioned and that catalogues be made 
 of the books sent to every particular place and care taken by my 
 Executors in the best manner they can for the preservation of them to 
 posterity. And I further Will and direct that such part of my books 
 as have been set apart for the use of the Ministers of the several parish 
 Churches of Martock^ and Cud worth ^ in the county of Somerset and 
 their successors (a particular whereof remains in my servant John Gee's 
 custody) be sent by my Executors to the Dean and Chapter of Wells for 
 the use and benefit of the Ministers aforenamed and their successors for 
 ever they giving security to the said Dean and Chapter of Wells for the 
 preservation of them to posterity. Iisr evidence whereof I have to this 
 my Codicil set to my hand and seal this six and twentieth day of 
 February in the seventh year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord 
 King AVilliam, etc. And in the year of Our Lord One thousand Six 
 hundi-ed Ninety and four. EL BUSBY. Signed sealed published and 
 
 ^ Probal)ly tlie Rev. Timothy Thurcross, D.D., Canon of York, a Fellow of 
 Eton College, and Minister of the Charterhouse. He was " aj^erson of great piety 
 and devotion, a mortiliud man, of a strict life, and of great charity " (Life of the 
 Rev. J. Banoidc, 17-4, p. 3U9 note). He died in St. Sepulchre's parish, London, 
 in November 1G71. 
 
 2 There are thirteen folio volumes at ^Nlartock with Busby's arms on the covers. 
 
 ' Nothing is known at Cudworth about the books which Busby left to the parish 
 church. That they were sent there l>y the executors there is little doubt, for it 
 appears from Necdham's accounts that £1 6s. M. was paid " to the carrier of Wells 
 for the carriage of the books sent to Martock and Cudworth."
 
 144 
 
 MEMOIR OF RICHARD BUSBY 
 
 Fourth 
 
 Codicil, 
 
 dated itJth 
 
 February, 
 
 1604-5. 
 
 Bequest of 
 
 several 
 
 general and 
 
 specific 
 
 legacies. 
 
 Fifth 
 
 Codicil, un- 
 dated and 
 unsigned. 
 
 declared in the presence of Steph. Cbespion, Eichard Knipe, Edward 
 Clift. 
 
 A FURTHER Codicil to be annexed to my Will which I do hereby 
 declare shall be taken as part of my said Will, I do hereby Will devise 
 and bequeath unto my servant John Gee (over and above the annuity 
 of twenty pounds a year for his life in my Will given to him) the sum of 
 One hundred pounds of lawful money of England. And to Mr. Michael 
 Maitere (over and above the life annuity of twenty pounds a year given 
 to him in my said Will) the sum of fifty pounds of lawful money of 
 England. And to my maid servant Martha I give the sum of forty 
 pounds and to her sister my servant the sum of ten pounds and to my 
 Cook-maid the svim of ten pounds and to my manservant Philipp the 
 sum of twenty pounds over and above all wages due to them at the time 
 of my decease. And my Will is that every of my servants afore- 
 mentioned shall have half a year's wages besides the legacies afore- 
 mentioned. And that the legacies and wages aforementioned be paid 
 to them within one month after my decease. And my Will further is 
 that there be a distribution of my apparel and the less considerable part 
 of my household stulf between John Gee Martha and Philipp my servant 
 aforementioned according as they are most proper for them and what 
 more particularly to their keeping in such manner and proportion as my 
 Executors or the major part of them shall think fit. And I further do 
 direct and appoint that my servant Philipp shall have my horses and I 
 give the same to him for his use and benefit. And I further give unto 
 my said Schollar Mr. Michael Maitere what may be thought fit and 
 necessary for the furnishing of a chamber for his use and benefit to be 
 taken out of the whole of my household stuff in such manner as my 
 Executors shall think fit. In witness whereof I have to this my Codicil 
 set to my hand and seal this Six and twentieth day of February in the 
 seventh year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord King William etc. 
 And in the year of Our Lord One thousand Six hundred Ninety and 
 four. PtI. BUSBY. Signed sealed published and declared in the 
 presence of Steph. Crespion, Eichard Knipe, Edward Clift. 
 
 A Further Codicil to be annexed to my Will which I do hereby 
 declare shall be taken as a part of my Will. 
 
 Whereas by my Will I have given no particular directions with 
 relation to my funeral now I do declare my Will and desire is that if it
 
 ArrENDix I 145 
 
 may be with convenience and with the assent and good liking of the Directions 
 Dean and my Brethren the prebendaries of the Collegiate Church of bt. funeral. 
 Peter in Westminster that my body may be decently buried without pomp 
 at the discretion of my Executors in my Will named in the said Collegiate 
 Church at Westminster as near as conveniently may be to the steps 
 ascending to the Eail towards the Altar. And I give to such of my 
 Trustees in my Will named as shall think lit to accompany my body to Bequest of 
 
 . 11-1 legacies for 
 
 the grave the sum of Ten pounds apiece to buy them mourning and to the pur- 
 
 , , . . , 1 . chase of 
 
 Sir Thomas Robinson Baronet and his sister my only near relations maurning-, 
 now living to each of them the sum of Twenty pounds for the like use. etc. 
 And to my very good friends the Lord Bishop of Rochester the Dean of 
 AVestminster five guineas and to every of my Brethren the prebendaries 
 there two guineas as a respect to them to buy rings in the remembrance 
 of me. And to my Usher Mr. Thonms Knipe and to my assistant Mr. 
 Michael Maitere to each of them one guinea for the like use. And to 
 every of the King's Schollars belonging to the King's School at 
 AVestminster I give the sum of ten shillings for the like use. And to 
 the Chaunter petty Canons Organist ^ and Master of the Choristers 
 belonging to the Collegiate Church of Westminster aforesaid to every of 
 them twenty shillings apiece. And to the rest of the gentlemen of the 
 Choir of the said Churcli to every of them the sum of thirteen shillings 
 and fourpence. And to the Vergers and Sacrists there the like sum of 
 thirteen shillings and fourpence. And to the Choristers there the sum of 
 six shillings and eightpence apiece. And to the Bellringers and the 
 Almsmen belonging to the said Church to every of them the sum of ten 
 shillings. And to the Sub-steward High Bailiff Receiver Chapter 
 Clerk Auditor and Library Keeper belonging to the said Collegiate 
 Church to every of them a guinea. And to all the rest of the Officers 
 ;ind Servants belonging to the said Collegiate Cliurch the sum of 
 thirteen shillings and fourpence to every of them. And to the Widows 
 of my late Brethren Dr. Owtraiu Dr. Littleton Dr. Gibbs and Mr. Sill 
 to every of them a guinea as a respect to them to buy rings. And my 
 AVill is that my servants shall have mourning given to them as my 
 Executors shall think fit. Also I ilo give unto my Godson Mr. Ricli.ud i!c.nicst of 
 Knipe and to his child my late Godson to each of them a fair Silver arjsto 
 Tankard to be chosen by iny Executors out of the plate whii-1i I sli.ill Knipo and 
 
 ' Henry I'lirccll suicccdcd .loliii Ulnw ;is or^iuiisl <>t' tl(o Al>l)cy in MiSO. \\r 
 (lied 11 tow monlli.s utter Jliisliy, on'JI.st Ni)Vt'nil>i'i-, [{>'.),'>. '\'\\v " moiuiiing ring of 
 Dr. Busby's" was, at Iiis request, given to iiis son llilwaid (.sec Chester's 
 ]Vcstiniiistcr ^Ihbqj Jlciji.ilcis, p. '2.")7, note ',i). 
 
 liis .son.
 
 14G MEMOIR OF laCHARD BUSBY 
 
 leave behind me and delivered to the said Mr. Kichavd Kiiipe. And 
 Bequest of my further Will is and I do hereby direct and appoint my Executors 
 poor house- in my said Will named do within one month after my decease pay and 
 
 kccDcrs of ■*- V 
 
 St. Marg;u-- dispose of fifty pounds of good money amongst i^oor housekeepers 
 
 ct's AVcst* 
 
 muistcr. inhabiting within the parish of St, Margaret in Westminster in such 
 nisiutcnd- like manner and proportion as they shall think fit. And Avhereas 
 tion of I have long intended to have repaired and beautified the Chapel of 
 
 ciwpci to be Lutton in the county of Lincoln the place of my nativity and have 
 liy his exe- already by the assistance of Dr. Hooke begun the said Avork now my 
 \ym jg ^i^jr^^ j£ ^^ should please God that I hapjjen to die before the 
 same be finished that then my Executors with the advice and assistance 
 of the said Dr. Hooke do finish and complete the same in such manner 
 as I have acquainted the said Dr. Hooke I intended to have performed. 
 Gift of Also I do hereby further give and bequeath unto my said servant John 
 
 annuities to Gee ovcr and above the Aiuiuity which I have already devised to him 
 .-uurto ' the further yearly sum of thirty jiounds to be paid to him in the manner 
 MaUtuirc. as the former Annuity of twenty pounds is directed to be jiaid for and 
 during the term of his natural life. And to my Schollar Mr. Michael 
 Maitere the further yearly sum of twenty pouiads to be paid to him 
 also in like manner as the former Annuity of twenty poixnds given to 
 him is directed to be paid. And to my maidservant Martha I give the 
 yearly sum of twenty marks to be paid her during the term of her 
 natural life. And to my maidservant Elizabeth I give the yearly sum 
 of twenty nobles to be paid during the term of her natural life. And 
 to my maidservant Mary I give the yearly sum of ten pounds to be paid 
 to her during the term of her natui'al life. And to my manservant 
 Philipp I give the yearly sum of ten pounds to be jmid to him for and 
 during the term of his natural life. All which annuities last before- 
 mentioned my Will is shall be paid out of the rents issues and profits 
 of my manor and lands in Willen and elsewhere by half yearly pay- 
 ments at the feast of 8t. Michael the Archangel and the Annunciation 
 of the Blessed Virgin Mary. And when any of them shall happen to 
 die my AVill is that the part of him or her so dying shall be paid and 
 disposed by my Trustees in my Will named for the benefit and relief of 
 poor Ministers in such like manner as I have therein directed. And 
 in further regard to the great trouble I have given to my aforenamed 
 servants and 8chollar in the time of my sickness and of their integrity 
 to me I do further give and bequeath to them over and besides Avhat 1 
 have already given to them to my servant John Gee the sum of One
 
 Muittaire 
 
 APPENDIX I 147 
 
 hundred pounds to INIi". Michael Maitere the sum of One hundred Boqucstof 
 pounds to my servant Martha the sum of Thirty pounds and to her legacies to 
 sister my servant the sum of Twenty pounds and to my servant Pliilipp .ind Michael 
 the sum of Fifty pounds and to my servant Elizabeth the sum of Twenty 
 Marks of good and lawful money of England to be paid to them by my 
 Executors within one month after my decease. In witness Avhereof I 
 have to this my Codicil containing two sheets of paper set to my hand 
 and seal this day of April in the year of our Lord 
 
 One thousand Six hundred Ninety five. 
 
 Signed sealed published and declared in the presence of as also 
 attested by us in the presence of the Testator.
 
 ABBKEVIATIONS. 
 
 A. W. — Alumni Westinonasterienses (1852). 
 
 W. S. R. = The Westminster School Register (1892). 
 
 D. N. B. = The Dictionarij of National Bioijraphy (iu progress). 
 
 Cr. E. C. = The Complete Feeraye, by G. E. C. (in progress).
 
 APPENDIX II 
 
 LIST OF BUSBY TRUSTEES 
 
 TRUSTEES APPOINTED UNDER DR. BUSBY'S WILL 
 
 Daniel, Earl of Nottingham.^ 
 James, Viscount Lanesborough." 
 The Hon, Heneage Finch.^^ 
 Sir Thomas Dyke, Bart.* 
 Sir Thomas Millington, Kt.-^ 
 Sir John Baber, Kt.*' 
 Dr. George Hooper.'' 
 Dr. Eobert South.s 
 William Thursby, Esq.^ 
 Richard Newman, Esq.^*' 
 William Busby, Esq.^^ 
 The Rev. Thomas Knipe.^' 
 John Needham, Gent.^^ 
 
 ' Daniel Fincli, second Earl of Nottingham. See A. W. 570 ; D. N. B. xix. 1. 
 
 - James Lane, second Viscount Lanesliorough. See G. E. C. v. H. 
 
 ■" Heneage Fincli, first p]arl of Aylesford. See A. W. 570 ; D. N. B. xix. 12. 
 
 * See Foster's Baronctaqc, 1881, p. 197 ; Alumni Oxonicnscft, 1500—1714, vol. i. p. 438. 
 
 5 See A. W. 122 ; D. N. B. xxxvii. 442. « See A. W. 119 ; D. N. B. ii. 307. 
 
 ' See A. W. 147 ; 1). N. B. xxvii. 301. » See A. W. 13(j. 
 
 » Probably ^^'illiam Thursby of Abington, Northampton^iire, M.P. for Northampton, who 
 died at his house in the Savoy on 4th Feb., 1700-1. Thursby was a Bencher of the Middle 
 Temple, and held the posts of Chief Justice of Ely, and Gustos Brevium of the Common Pleas. 
 See Baker's History and Anfiquiiics of the Coimtij of JVoii/uiinptov, 1S22-30, vol. i. pp. 11, 15; 
 IjWtiveW'n Brief Historical Relation of State Affairs, 1857, vol. iv. 405, v. 14. 
 
 1" Probably Richard Newman, High Steward of Westminster, who died on 24tli Sept., 1G95. 
 i^ee Alu/itni Oxo7iicnscs, 1500 — 1714, iii. 10G2 ; Chester's jrcslminstcr Abbey Eegisiers (Harleiau 
 Soc. Pub., No. X.), p. 1G9. 
 
 " Son of Robert Busby, of Addington, Bucks, a Bencher of Ciray's Inn, by his wife 
 Abigail, daughter of Sir John Gore, Kt., Alderman of London. He was admitted to Gray's 
 Inn on 2(;tli Nov., IGGO (Foster's Kcf/istcr of Admissions to Gray's Inn, 1889, p. 290). His nephew, 
 Dick Busby, tlie second son of Sir John Busby, is described as "being a very idle ytuith. Dr. 
 Jiusby is his godfather, and was his master, l>ut he was aweary of slashing him" {Historical 
 MSS. Coiiiiiussion, Seventh Jleport, app. i. p. 481). 
 
 '•- See A. W. 147 ; D. N. B. xxxi. 272. 
 
 '^ John Needham was Receiver-General and Solicitor to the Abbey (Chester's JJ''estriiiiis(er 
 Abbey lieijisters, p. 257).
 
 150 
 
 MEMOIR OF RICHARri BUSBY 
 
 SUBSEQUENT APPOINTMENTS. 
 
 Date of Apiiniutuicnt. 
 
 1701, Feb. U .. 
 
 >> >) >> 
 
 1704, Dec. 21 .. 
 
 >) )) j» 
 
 1705, Feb. 27 .. 
 
 )) >> >j 
 
 1710, Feb. 19 .. 
 
 }» >> )) 
 
 1711, March 8 .. 
 
 )? >> )> 
 1719, Jan. 28 ... 
 
 1720, March 14 
 1722, May 30 
 
 172.3, Feb. 28 
 
 1724, Feb. 5 
 
 1725, Feb. 18 
 
 1727, March 13 
 
 Xamcs of the New Trustees. 
 
 William, Lord Dartmouth ^^... 
 Dr. George Smalridge^-" 
 
 Sir Gilbert Dolben iG 
 
 Dr, Henry Aldrich ^^ 
 
 Charles Bertie, Esq.is 
 
 Dr. Francis Atterbury^^ 
 •John, Lord Carteret ^'^ 
 The Rev. Thomas Sprat -i ... 
 The Hon. Dixie Windsor -- ... 
 Dr. Ptobert Freind 23 
 
 Heneage, Earl of Aylesford -^ 
 Jonathan, Bishop of Win- 
 chester "'^ 
 The Hon. Henry Brydges -''' . . . 
 Lionel, Duke of Dorset-" 
 Daniel, Lord Finch 2^ 
 
 Appoiiiteil in the place of. 
 
 Richard Newman, Esq.^*^ 
 William Thursby, Esq.'-^ 
 Sir Thomas Millington ^ 
 Sir. John Baber *' 
 William Busby, Esq.^ 
 John Needham i' 
 Sir Thomas Dyke * 
 Dr. Henry Aldrich ^" 
 Charles Bertie, Esq. ^^ 
 Dr. Thomas Knipe^^ 
 Heneage, Earl of Aylesford " 
 
 George, Bishop of Bristol ^^ 
 Dr. Ptobert South -^ 
 The Rev. Thomas Sprat 21 
 Jonathan, Bishop of Win- 
 chester 2^ 
 Sir Gilbert Dolben i" 
 James, Visct. Lanesborough 2 
 
 Francis, Bishop of Chester 2^ 
 
 Henry, Lord Caideton ^^^ 
 
 Lancelot, Archbishop of York ^^ Henry, Lord Ca-rleton •^*' 
 
 Edward, Eai'l of Oxford and 
 
 Mortimer "2 _ Francis, Bishoji of C-hestcr 20 
 
 Dr. William Stratford-'" ... George, Bishop of Bath and 
 
 Wells " 
 
 '* WiUiam Legge, first Earl of Dartmouth. See D. N. B. xxxii, 416. 
 
 ^^ See A. W. 19.5. ^s See A. W. 175 ; D, N. B. xv. 189. 
 
 '" See A. W. 1;") ; D. N. B. i. 251. 
 
 '" Probaljly the Hon. Charles Bei'tie, fifth son of Montagu, second Earl of Lindsey, who 
 (lied on 22n(l March, 1710-11. See CoUins's Pcrracje, 1812, vol. ii. p. 19; Ahimni Oxom'rnst.'^, 
 ]5<»0— 1714, vol. i. p. 117. 19 See A. W. 185 ; I). N. B. ii. 23.3. 
 
 -" John Carteret, Earl Granville. See T). N. B. ix. 210. 
 
 -' See A. W. 233. ■^- See A. W. 221. 
 
 -» See A. W. 205 ; D. N. B. xx. 243. 
 
 -^ Heneage Finch, second Earl of Aylesford. See A. W. 571. 
 
 -"' Sir Jonathan Trelawny, Bart. See A. W. Ki."). -« See A. W. 217. 
 
 "'■ Lionel Cranfield Sackvillc, first Duke of Dorset. See (i. 10. ('. iii. 1.52. 
 
 -* Daniel Finch, tliird Earl of Nottingham and seventh Earl of Wincliilsea. See A. W. 570. 
 
 ^ Francis (iastrell. See A. W. 188. 
 
 ■^ Henry Boyle, first Baron Carleton. See D. N. B. vi. 110 
 
 "' Lancelot Blackhurne. See A. W. 178. 
 
 "- Edward Harlov, second Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, See D, N. B. xxiv. .104. 
 
 '■'■■ See A. W. 210.
 
 APPENDIX II 
 
 151 
 
 Date of Appoiutment. 
 
 1728, March 11 .. 
 
 1729, Feb. 24 ., 
 
 5> )J )) 
 
 1732, March 30 ., 
 1734, March 20 
 1741, Feb. 25 .. 
 
 1 743, March 30 
 
 1744, March 22 
 
 1751, April 26 
 
 1752, April 13 
 1754, April 4 
 1756, March 18 
 
 1758, April 18 
 
 1763, April 14 
 
 1764, April 11 
 
 1765, March 14 
 
 1766, April 10 
 
 Names of the Xew Trustees. 
 
 Thomas Lutwyche, Esq.'^^ 
 John Wainwright, Esq."' 
 The Rev. John NicoU "'"' 
 Thomas, Duke of Newcastle 
 William Pulteney, Esq.-''^ 
 
 Appointed in the place of. 
 
 The Hon. Henry Brydges ^'^ 
 Daniel, Earl of Nottingham ^ 
 Dr. William Stratford ■■^ 
 Dr. Francis Atterbury^^ 
 Thomas Lutwyche, Esq.^^ 
 The Right Hon. Henry Pelham-'-^ Edward, Earl of Oxford and 
 
 Mortimer?- 
 The Hon. William Murray ^'\.. John Wainwright, Esq.-^ 
 Edward, Earl of Oxford and 
 
 INlortimer ^1 ... ... ... Lancelot, Archbishop of York^^ 
 
 The Rev. Dr. James Johnson^- The Hon. Dixie Windsor- 
 Charles, Duke of Beaufort "i-^.. William, Earl of Dartmouth ^^ 
 Andrew Stone, Esq.-i^... ... Dr. Robert Freind--^ 
 
 Charles, Earl of Egremont-i^.. The Right Hon. Henry Pelham^'^ 
 
 Dr. William Markham^^ 
 
 Edward, Earl of Oxford and 
 
 Mortimer ^^ 
 Charles, Duke of Beaufort ^^ 
 Heneage, Earl of Aylesford--* 
 
 Thomas, Duke of Leeds'^" 
 Heneage, Earl of Aylesford'*'' . . . 
 Charles, Marquis of Rocking 
 
 ham«' 
 
 Robert, Archbishop of York""' Charles, Earl of Egremont-*-^ 
 AVilliam, Duke of Portland "'i William, Earl of Bath-^ 
 William, Earl of Dartmouth ^2 Lionel, Duke of Dorset-" 
 
 John, Earl Granville 20 
 
 Dr. Samuel Smith- 
 
 Dr. John Nicoll-'^' 
 
 1769, March 16 ... The Right Hon. William Dow- 
 
 deswell 
 
 ... Thomas, Duke of Newcastle^" 
 
 "1 See A. W. •222. "- See A. W. 250. '■" See A. W. 214. 
 
 •'' l^iomas Pelluuu-Hollcs, lirst Duke of Newcastle. See D. N. B. xliv. 2.j7. 
 
 •■'8 William Pultciiev. P^arl of Bath. See G. E. C. i. 266. 
 
 ■''J Tlte Ri<,dit Hon. Henrv Pelhain. See D. N. B. xliv. 244. 
 
 ■"' Williaia .Miinay, tiist'Kail of ManstieM. See A. W. 2S1. 
 
 ■*' Kdwanl Harlev", tliiid Karl of Oxford and Mortimer. Sec C. E. C. vi. 
 
 •*- See A. W. 2S,S. 
 
 •*^ Charles Noel Somerset, fourth Duke of Beaufort. See G. E. V. i. 2S2. 
 
 •*^ See A. W. 27s. 
 
 ■''' (Jharles WviKlhani, second Ivirl of Egremout. See (<. Iv V. iii 
 
 '"' See A. W.'.'JIS. 
 
 ■*" Tiioma.s ().shori\e, fouitii Duke of Leed.s. Sec (!. E. C. v. .']7. 
 
 *^ Heneage Fiueli, tliiid Karl of Avicsfoid. Sec A. ^V. .")71. 
 
 *• ("harle.s Watson WcHtwurth, .second Marqui.s of Itoekinghani. 
 
 !>" Tlie Hon. Rohert Hay-Drunnuond. See A. \A'. .SS!). 
 
 '^^ William Henry Cavendish Bentinek, third Duke of Portlaml. 
 
 '•>- William Keyge, second Earl of Dartmouth. See D. N. B. xxxii. 417. 
 
 » See A. W. :!.-):!. •'' See .\. W. 175. 
 
 ISO. 
 
 . 24S. 
 
 See C. E. C. vi. 386. 
 See I). N. r.. iv. 3<V2.
 
 152 
 
 ME:srOIR OF EICHAED BrSBY 
 
 Date of Apiwintmeut. 
 
 1770, March 27 .. 
 
 1774, March 17 .. 
 
 1775, March 30 .. 
 
 1777, March 25 
 1780, April 17 
 
 1783, April 10 
 
 1790, April 22 
 
 1793, April 18 
 1797, May 11 
 
 1799, May 23 
 
 1800, May 8 
 
 1802, May 18 
 1804, May 3 
 
 1806, May 8 
 1808, May 21 
 
 Names of the Xew Trustees. Appointerl in the place of. 
 
 Granville, Earl Gower'^^' ... Daniel, Earl of Winchilsea and 
 
 Nottingham -'^ 
 Robert, Earl of Holder nesse^*^ Andrew 8tone, Esq.^* 
 Henry, Duke of Beaufort^" ... James, Bishop of Worcester ^^ 
 David, A^iscount Stormont"'^ The Eight Hon. William Dow- 
 
 deswell'''* 
 The Right Hon. AVelbore Ellis ^P Robert, Archbishop of York'^' 
 Francis, Earl of Huntingdon*"^ Robert, Earl of Holdernesse •'^''' 
 Sir John Skynner, Kt.^^ ... Heneage, Earl of Aylesford^^ 
 Heneage, Earl of Aylesford'''^ Chai-les, Marquis of Rocking- 
 ham 49 
 Thomas, Dulse of Leeds ^^ 
 Francis, Earl of Huntingdon'''^ 
 William, Earl of Mansfield^" 
 David, Earl of Mansfield ■'" 
 Fi'ancis, Duke of Leeds"'' 
 John, Duke of Dor.set'"'' 
 Edward, Bishop of Oxford ""'^ 
 
 Francis, Duke of Leeds '''^ 
 Dr. William Vincent"^ 
 Edward, Bishop of Oxford''' ... 
 John, Duke of Dor.set'"^ 
 William, Earl of Mansfield'- 
 Robert, Earl of Kinnoul''^ ... 
 
 Dr. Cyril Jackson «' 
 
 The Right Hon. Charles Abbot ''J William, Earl of Dartmouth -'^ 
 
 Sir George Osborne, Bart."' .. 
 Henry, Duke of Beaufort"^ .. 
 John, Bi.shop of Oxford''-' 
 Dr. William Carey "^ ... 
 John, Duke of Bedford"'^ 
 Edward, Archbishop of York ' 
 
 Welbore, Lord Mendip''^ 
 Henry, Duke of Beaufort''" 
 Robert, Earl of Kinnoul"? 
 Granville, Marquis of Stafford''^ 
 Sir John Skynner'^'^ 
 William, Archbisliop of York^'' 
 
 ^5 Granville Leveson Ciower, first Marquis of Htattord. See A. W. 314. 
 
 •""^ Rdiert D'Arcv, fourth Earl of Holdernesse. See D. N. B. xiv. 47. 
 
 5'" Henry Somerset, fifth Duke of Beaufort. See G, E. C. i. 282. 
 
 '"^ David Murray, second Earl of Mansfield. See A. W. 330. 
 
 '9 Welbore Elli.s, Baron Mendip. See A. W. 304. 
 
 •'" Francis Hastings, tenth Earl of Huntingdon. See G. E. C. iv. 292. 
 
 ''\ See A. W. 32(5. 
 
 ''- Heneage Finch, fourth Earl of Aylesford. See A. W. .571. 
 
 '« Francis Osborne, fifth Duke of Leeds. See D. N, B. xlii. 286. 
 
 «^ See A. W. 367. «■' Edward Sinallwell. See A. W. 320. 
 
 ''" John Frederick Sackville, third Duke of Dorset. See G. E. C. iii. 
 
 '•' David William Murray, third Earl of Mansfiehl. See A. W. 432. 
 
 '''* Roljcrt Auriol Hay-Drummond, ninth Earl of Kinnoul. See A. W. 390. 
 
 •■■9 See A. W. 381. 70 Charles Abbot, first Baron Colchester. See A. W. 402. 
 
 "'^ See A. W. 519. 
 
 ■- Henry Charles Somerset, sixth Duke of Beaufort. See W. S. R. 21."). 
 
 " .Tolin Randolph. See A. W. .385. "^ See W. S. R. 41. 
 
 " John Russell, sixth Duke of Bedford. See W. S. R. 200. 
 
 "" The Hon. Edward Harcourt. See A. W. 459 ; D. N. B. xxiv. 319. 
 
 152.
 
 APPENDIX II 
 
 153 
 
 Date of Appointment. 
 
 1808, May 21 .. 
 
 1810, May 23 .. 
 
 1813, May 18 .. 
 
 1814, May 14 .. 
 1816, Junes .. 
 
 1818, May 16 .. 
 
 1819, May 11 .. 
 
 1820, May 27 .. 
 1823, May 27 .. 
 
 1826, May 26 .. 
 
 1827, May 19 .. 
 1829, June 15 .. 
 
 Appointed in tlie place of. 
 
 Names of the Xew Trustees. 
 
 The Right Hon. Sir Archibald 
 
 Macdonald, Kt.'"'' ... ... Dr. Samuel Smith '^' 
 
 Thomas, Earl of Chichester '^'^ William, Duke of Portland ''^ 
 Henry, Marqui.s of Lan.s- 
 downe"'' ... ... ... Heneage, Earl of Aylesford''- 
 
 William, Bishop of Oxford ^^ John, Bishop of London"^ 
 George, Earl of Ashburnham'*' Dr. William Vincent "^^ 
 
 Dr. William Page^- William, Bishop of Oxford ^o 
 
 Thomas, Viscount Bulkeley*^-^ Dr. Cyril Jackson *''''' 
 William, Lord Amherst-^ ... Sir George Osborne"^ 
 Henry, Marquis of Anglesey^' Dr. William Page^"- 
 Dr. Edmund Goodenough^'^ ... Thos., A'iscount Bulkeley^-' 
 William Courtenay, Esq."^' ... Sir Archibald INIacdonald, 
 
 Bart." 
 Charles, Duke of Richmond'^'^ Thomas, Earl of Chichester '^^ 
 The Right Hon. Charles Wat- 
 kin Williams- Wynn^'^ ... Charles, Lord Colchester ""^ 
 Richard, Viscount Belgrave^" George, Earl of Ashburnham^^ 
 The Hon. Fulke Groville 
 
 Howard'-'^ ... ... ... Henry, Duke of Beaufort '- 
 
 Charles, Lord Colchester^- ... John, Duke of Bedford'"' 
 JosephPhillimore,Esq.D.C.L.'^-> William, Earl of Mansfield'" 
 AVilliam, Viscount Barring- 
 ton''^ ... ... ... Dr. Edmund Goodenough'"'' 
 
 Henry Lewis Wickham, Esq.^^ The Hon. Fulke Grevillo 
 
 Howard -'i 
 
 " See A. W. 381. 
 
 l^ Tlionia.s I'elhani, .second Earl of Chichester. See W. S. R. 181 ; 1). N. B. xliv. l>.V_'. 
 
 "'■' Henry Petty-Fitznianrice, tliinl Marquis of Lan.sdo-wne. See (i. E. V. v. IS. 
 
 8" William -Jackson. See A. W. 388. 
 
 *^ Geoige Ashl)iii iiliani, tliiid Earl of Asliliuruluun. Src W. S. TI. !). 
 
 82 See W. S. R. 1 7.'.. 
 
 *' 1'hoinas James W'arrcn-Ruikeley, \'is<()unt IJullicley. See (i. E. (,'. ii. 74. 
 
 ^■' William Pitt Amherst, first Earl Amherst. See U'. S. R. .">. 
 
 "■'■ Henry \\'illiam I'aget, first Marquis of Anglesey. See W. S. R. 17(i. 
 
 ^' See W. S. R. 1)4. 
 
 ^"^ William Courtenay, tenth Earl of Devon. See \V. S. 1\. ."),"). 
 
 "•< Charles Cordon-Lennox, fiftli Duke of Richmond. See W. S. R. 1.39. 
 
 «' See W. S. R. -J.IS. 
 
 "" Ricliard (Jrosvcnor, .sccon<l Marquis of Westminster. Sec W. S. R. loo. 
 
 »• See \V. S. R. 118. 
 
 **■- Charles Abbot, second Raron Colchester. Sec W. S. R. I. 
 
 «' See W. S. R. 183. 
 
 "■' William Kc])])el Rarrington, sixtli \'i.s( uunt I'.aiiiMglon. Sec W. S. 11. Hi. 
 
 »'- See W. S. R. 247. 
 
 1831, May 31 
 1836, April 30 
 
 1840, May 23 
 
 >> >> ff 
 
 1845, June 3 
 
 1846, Jime 16
 
 154 MEMOIR OF KICHAED BTSBY 
 
 Date of Appointment. Names of the New Trustees. Appointed in tlie place of. 
 
 1847, May 1 ... Francis, Duke of Bedford '^<5 ... William, Bishop of St. Asaph '^ 
 
 1848, June 27 ... Charles, Bishop of Ripon"'' ... Edward, Archbishop of York"*^ 
 1851, May 13 ... Nicholas, Lord Colborne'^'^ ... The Right Hon. Charles Wat- 
 kin Williams-Wynn^^ 
 
 1854, May 26 ... George, Earl of Albemarle ^^... Henry, Marquis of Anglesey^'' 
 „ ,, ,, ... 8ir Edward Yaughan Wil- 
 liams ^'*'^ ... ... ... Nicholas, Lord Colborne^'' 
 
 1855, May 5 ... The Right Hon. Sir David 
 
 Dundasioi Joseph Phillimorc, D.C.L.^^ 
 
 1857, May 2 ... Egerton Harcourt, Esq.i^-' ... William, Earl Amherst '^^ 
 
 1859, May 14 ... James Mure, Esq.^"^ William, Earl of Devon*^" 
 
 1861, May 11 ... William, Earl of Devon ^'^t ...Charles, Duke of Rich- 
 mond ^^ 
 1861, June 28 ... Henry, Earl of Chichester i"' Francis, Duke of Bedford '^"^ 
 
 1863, June 2 ... John, Earl RusselP*"' Henry, Marquis of Lans- 
 
 downe"^ 
 1865, May 16 ... William, Lord de Ros^'J' ... Henry Lewis Wickham, Esq.^'' 
 
 1867, May 21 ... Charles, Duke of Richmond 
 
 and Gordon 1'^^ ... ... William, Yiscount Barring- 
 
 ton^^ 
 
 1868, May 19 ... The Right Hon. Sir Robert 
 
 Joseph Phillimore, Bart.^o^ Charles, Lord Colchester ^2 
 
 1869, May 18 ... AVilliam, Earl Amherst ^^'^ ... Charles, Archbishop of Canter- 
 
 bury-'" 
 
 1870, ]\ray 17 ... Granville Robert Henry 
 
 Somerset, Esq., Q.C."i ... Richard, Marquis of West- 
 minster^" 
 
 o" Francis Paissell, seventh Duke of Bedford. See W. S. B. 200. 
 
 "" Chillies Tlionia.s Longley. See \^". S. R. 144. 
 
 "* Nichola.s William Ridley-C'olborne, Bamn Colhorne. See W. S. R. 49. 
 
 "^ George Thomas Kcppel,' sixtli Earl of Albemarle. See W. S. R. 1.31. 
 
 ^"^ See W. S. R. •24<». i™ See W. S. R. 71. 
 
 '"- See W. S. R. 10.1. i'-^ See W. S. R. 1G6. 
 
 '"* William Reginald Courtenaj', eleventh Earl of Devon. See W. S. R. .').J. 
 
 J"^ Henrv Tiiomas Pelluun, third Earl of Chichester. See W. S. R. 181; 1). N. B. xliv. 247. 
 
 1'* John" Russell, first Earl Russell. See W. S. R. 200. 
 
 107 William Lennox Lascelles Fit/gerald-De-Ros, twenty-second Baron De Ros. See 
 
 W. S. R. 6.S. 
 '^ Charles Henry Cordon-Lennox, sixth Duke of Riehitiond. Sec W. S. R. 1.3!). 
 i'« See W. S. R. 184. 
 
 "" William Pitt Andierst, second Earl Andicrst. See W. S. R. .3. 
 "• See W. S. R. 215.
 
 APPENDIX II 155 
 
 Date of Appointment. Names of the Xe-w Trustees. Appointed in the place of. 
 
 1874, June 16 ...* Charles Watkin Williams- 
 
 AVynn, Esq., M.P."- ... William, Lord de Rosi«' 
 
 1875, June 1 ... * Lord Richard de Aquila 
 
 Grosvenor^i" ... ... The Eight Hon. 8ir David 
 
 Dundasioi 
 
 1876, May 16 ... The Rev. Henry Buipi^ ... The Right Hon. Sir E.Yaughan 
 
 Williams 100 
 
 1877, June 19 ... James Lowther, Esq , M.P.ii\.. J.nmes Mure, Esq.^os 
 1879, May 20 ... Sir Watkin Williams- Wynn, 
 
 Bart., M.P.ii'^ John, Earl RusselP"''' 
 
 1881, ]\Iay 17 ... * James Banks Stanhope, Esq. i^"" Granville Robert Henry Somer- 
 set, Esq.iii 
 
 1884, June 17 ... * Henry Richard Farrer,Esq.iis Egerton Harcourt, Esq.^O- 
 
 ,, „ ,, ... * William Wickham, Esq.i^*^... Charles, Duke of Richmond 
 
 and Gordon los 
 
 „ „ ,, ... *Sir Walter George Frank 
 
 Phillimore, Bart.i-o ... The Right Hon. Sir Robert 
 
 Joseph Phillimore 109 
 
 1885, May 19 ... *The Right Hon. Sir John 
 
 Robert Mowbray, Bart. !-•... Sir Watkin Williams-Wynii. 
 
 Bart."'' 
 
 1886, May 18 ... William, Lord Esher^s-^ ... Henry, Earl of Chichester ^O' 
 „ „ „ ... *\YalterCarewCocks,Esq.i-''... William, Earl Amherst 1'" 
 
 1889, May 25 ... * Robert Uniacke Fitzgerald 
 
 Penrose-Fitzgerald, Esq., William, Earl of Devon^'" 
 M.P.i^^ 
 „ „ ,, ... Dr. William John Butler^-'^ ... The Rev. Henry r.ulin' 
 
 1890, May 20 ... *Sir Roland Lomax Ynughnn 
 
 Williams 1-''... ... ... The Right Hon. James Low- 
 
 therii' 
 1890, June 17 ...* Victor Alexamler William- 
 son, Esq., C.M.G.1-' ... William, Lord Esheri-- 
 
 "- Sec W. S. -R. 2:)8. 
 
 "•"' Richard ])c Ai|uila fJrosvenor, tir.st P.aron Stiill)riili;c. Sec \V. S. \l. lot), -JOI. 
 
 "J Sec W. S. It. :{(i. 1'' Sec W. S. R. 14.1. "« Sec W. S. R. t2.">S. 
 
 "' See W. S. R. -217. "" Sec W. S. P. 70. "•' See W. S. R. '_')7. 
 
 '-" Sec W. S. R. 1,S4. '-' Sec \V. S. R. 1(U. 
 
 '-- \\illi;iiu r.aliul I'.ictt, tirsi Paioii Kslior. See W. S. K. :il. 
 
 I--" See \V. S. K. 4<l. '-' See \V. S. W. S± ^-'' See \V. S. I!, .".il. 
 
 '-" Sec W. S. It. •2r,U. '■-•■ See W. S. R. ■2r>]. 
 
 ■ 'I'lie picseiil Inistees ale deiinlcil I'V all asterisk.
 
 156 MEMOIR OF EICHARD BUSBY 
 
 l)ate of Appointment. Name* of tlic New Tnistces. Appointed in the place of. 
 
 1892, May 17 ... *Artliui- Watkin Williams- 
 
 Wynn, Esq.i-S George, Earl of Albemarle ^^ 
 
 1893, June 19 ... * Thomas Townsend Bucknill, 
 
 Esq., M.P., Q.XV-'^ Dr. William John Butler^-'"' 
 
 1-8 See W. S. R. 258. '-9 See W. S. R. 35, 260. 
 
 * The present trustees are denoted l)y an asterisk.
 
 INDEX 
 
 Abbot, Charles, iir-st Earou Colchester, 
 
 152, 153 
 
 Abbot, Charles, second Baron Colchester, 
 
 153, 154 
 Adams, W., 99 
 
 Albemarle, Earl of. See Keppel 
 Albemarle, Duke of. See IMonk 
 Aldrich, Henry, 26, 37, 15U 
 Allestree, Richard, 88 
 Amherst, William Pitt, lirst Earl Am 
 
 her St, 153, 154 
 xVmherst, William Pitt, second Earl Am 
 
 herst, 154, 155. 
 Angel de, Lady, 87 
 Angler, John, 32 note G, 111, 112 
 Anglesey, Marquis of. See Paget 
 Annesley, George, 85 
 Armyn, Sir William, 10 
 Ashburnham, George, third Earl of Ash- 
 
 burnham, 153 
 Ashburnham, William, 29 
 Ashurst, 6 
 Atkin, Thomas, lU 
 Atkins, 116 
 Atterbm-y, Francis, 24 note 1, 26, 27, 
 
 50, 150, 151 
 Austen, Robert, 117 
 Aylesford, Earls of. See Finch 
 
 Baber, Sir John, 132, 149, 150 
 
 Bagshawe, Edward, sen., 55 
 
 Bagshawp, Edward, jun., 29, 55 — 76 
 
 Balliol College, Oxford, 31, 32, 36, 37, 39, 
 41 note 2, 141, 142 
 
 Barbon, Martha, 115, 124 
 
 Barriiigton, AVilliam Kcppcl, sixth Vis- 
 count Barrington, 153, 154 
 
 Barwick, Peter, 28, 36 note 2, 38 note 2 
 
 Basire, Isaac, 28 
 
 Bath, Earl of. See Pulteney 
 Batliurst, Ralph, 50 
 Batteley, Charles, 136, 140 
 Bayne, T. Vere, 3 note 4 
 Beaufort, Dukes of. See Somerset 
 Bedford, Earls and Dukes of. See 
 
 Russell 
 Bedford, W. R. K., 100 note 1 
 Beire, George, 70 
 Bellare, Mrs., 41, 140 
 Bennet, J., 51 note 1 
 Benson, 116 
 Bentinck, W. H. Cavendish, third Duke 
 
 of Portland, 151, 153 
 Bentley, Dr., 88, 107, 116, 126 
 Berry, Robert, 90 note 1 
 Bertie, The Hon. Charles, 150 
 Bird, Francis, 21, 46 
 Blackburne, Lancelot, 2 i note 1, iuU, 151 
 Blackman, 117 
 Blagrave, Daniel, 10 
 Blow, John, 145 note 1 
 Bolingbroke, Viscount. See St. John 
 Bond, Denys, 8 
 Booth, Barton, 26 
 Bouquet, Philip, 49 note 3 
 Bowack, John, 90 note 1 
 Boyle, Henry, first Baron Carleton, 150 
 Bradshaw, John, 10, 56 note 2, 73 
 Breach, William, 94, 95 
 Brereton, Sir AVilliam, 10 
 Brett, AVilliam Baliol, Baron Esher, 155 
 Bridgeman, J^ord Keeper, 122 
 JJristol, Earl of. See Hervey 
 Browne, 10, 73 
 Brownrigg, I^r. ll.il])li, 75 
 i;rydges,"^Thc Hon. Henry, 99, 150, 151 
 IJuckhurst, Lord. See Sackville 
 Bucknill, Thomas Townsend, 156
 
 158 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Butlgell, Eustace, lOl, UG 
 
 Bulkeley, T. J. Wari-en, Viscount Bulke- 
 ley, 153 
 
 Bull, Henry, 1 55 
 
 Bull, Nathaniel, 84 
 
 J5ullock, John, 136, UO 
 
 l^inhill Fields, 76 
 
 Burnet, Bishop, 123 
 
 Burton, Nicholas, 99 
 
 Burtt, Edmund, 136, 140 
 
 Busby, John, 58, 68, 85 
 
 Busby, Richard, father of Dr. Busby, 2 
 
 Busby, Richard. Born at Button, 2 ; 
 his parentage, 2 ; his baptism, 2 note 
 2 ; educated at Westminster School 
 and at '. Christ College, Oxford, 3 ; 
 api)ointed Head-master, 4 ; Prebendary 
 of Wells, 4 ; deprived of his ecclesias- 
 tical preferments, 14 ; reference to 
 him in the diary of Thomas Burton, 15 
 note 1 ; accused of time-serving, 15 
 note 2 ; his loyalty, 15 ; his attach- 
 ment to the Church services, 18 ; 
 attends Cromwell's funeral, 19 ; re- 
 warded at the Restoration, 19 ; his 
 accounts as Treasurer of Westminster 
 Abbey, 19 note 3; a member of the 
 Southern Convocation, 19, 20; his ill- 
 ness, 20, 21 ; appointed Archdeacon 
 of Westminster, 20 ; his death and 
 burial, 21; his monument, 1, 2, 22; 
 his coat of arms, 22 ; his success as a 
 school-master, 2, 24 ; the number of 
 bishops educated by him, 24 ; Steele's 
 opinion of his genius for education, 26 ; 
 the veneration of his pupils for him, 
 27 ; his benefactions, 20, 29—32, 110 
 — Ill ; his Will, 32-6, 131-47 ; Chan- 
 cery suit, 37 ; the Busby Trust, 37 ; 
 new scheme, 38 ; his publications, 43; 
 his portraits, 45 ; relics of Busby at 
 the School, 49 ; manuscripts relating 
 to him in the British Museum, 49 ; 
 his corre.spondence, 49 ; books dedi- 
 cated to Busby, 50 ; anecdotes of 
 Busby, 51-4 ; his quarrel with Bag- 
 shawe, 55 — 76 ; his account book, 104 
 —127; his servants, 140, 143, 144, 
 
 146, 147. >Sec aho 82, 84—88 note 1, 
 
 89, 90, 95, 96 note 1, 97—100 
 Busby, Richard, Dr. Busby's godson, 149 
 
 note 11 
 Busby, Robert, 149 note 11 
 Busby Trustees, List of, 149—156 
 Busby, William, 132, 149, 150 
 Busbys of Addington, The, 2 
 Butler, Charles, second Duke of Ormonde, 
 
 41 note 1 
 Butlei-, William John, 155, 156 
 
 Calamy, Edmund, 83 note 2 
 
 Camden, William, 59, 78 
 
 Campbell, The Hon. Colin, 100 
 
 Carew, John, 9 
 
 Carey, William, 152, 154 
 
 Carleton, Baron. See Boyle 
 
 Carrick, John, 85 
 
 Carteret, John, Earl Cranville, 150, 151 
 
 Cartwright, William, 3 
 
 Case, Thomas, 83 
 
 Cawley, William, 9 
 
 Cecil, William, second Earl of Salisbury, 10 
 
 Challoner, Thomas, 10 
 
 Chandler, 85 
 
 Chapman, 107 
 
 Charles II., 19, 51, 53 note 1 
 
 Chichester, Earls of. tSee Pelham 
 
 Chiswick, 59, 62, 90, 107, 109, 110, 117 
 
 Christ Church, Oxford, 3, 5, 8, 19, 30, 35, 
 
 37, 39, 46, 58, 137, 138 
 Clift, Edward, 142, 144 
 Clotworthy, Sir John, 7, 8 
 Cocks, Walter Carew, 155 
 Colborne, N. W. Ridley, Baron Colborne, 
 
 154 
 Colchester, Baron. tSee Abbot 
 Cole, 73 
 
 Collinaulx, or Collnaux, David, 109, 125 
 Colman, George, 89 
 Compton, Dr., 93 
 Conyars, William, 70 
 Corbet, Sir Richard, 114 
 Corbetts, The, 121 
 Cosin, John, 19 note 2 
 Courtenay, William, tenth Earl of Devon, 
 
 153, 154
 
 INDEX 
 
 J5U 
 
 Courtenay, William lleginald, eleventh 
 
 Earl of Devon, 154, 155 
 Covevley, Sir Roger de, 1 
 Cowley, Abraham, 50 
 Cowper, William; 78 nota 2 
 Cremer, Acton, 93, 94 
 Crespion, Stephen, 142, 144 
 Cromwell, Abraham, 114 
 Cromwell, Oliver, 17, 19, 123 
 Croone, Henry, 108 
 Crosbie, John, 50 
 Cud worth, 36, 143 
 
 Danvers, 8ir John, 9 
 
 D'Arcy, Roljert, fourth Earl of Holder- 
 ness, 152 
 
 Dartmouth, Earls of. ,See Legge 
 
 Denbigh, Earl of, See Feilding 
 
 De Ros, W. L. L. Fitzgerald, twenty- 
 second Baron de Ros, 154, 155 
 
 Devon, Earls of. See Courtenay 
 
 Digbys, The, 121 
 
 Dolben, Sir Gilbert, 150 
 
 Dolben, John, 24 note 1, 91, 92 
 
 Dorset, Earls and Dukes of. See Saekvilk- 
 
 Dorset, Lady, 126 
 
 Dove, John, 9 
 
 Dowdeswell, William, 151, 152 
 
 Downes, John, 10 
 
 Drummond, Robert Auriol Hay, ninth 
 Earl of Ivinnoul, 152 
 
 Drummond, The Hon. Robert Hav, 151 
 152 ^ 
 
 Dryden, Charles, 96 nule 1 
 
 Dryden, Lady Elizabeth, 50 
 
 Dryden, Sir John, 7 
 
 Dryden, John, 25, 27, 50, 90 nvtc 1, 96 
 note 1 
 
 Dryden, Jonathan, 50 
 
 Duckworth, Canon, 20 note 3 
 
 Dugard, William, 49 note 3 
 
 Duke, IMchard, 49 note 3 
 
 Dundas, Sir David, 154, 155 
 
 Duport, James, 88 
 
 Dyke, Sir Thomas, 132, 149, 150 
 
 Eail, Sii' Walter, 6 
 
 Earles or Earle, John, 19 note 2, 88 
 
 Edward VI., 78 note 1 
 
 Edwards, Humphrey, 9, 10 
 
 Egremont, Earl of. See Wyndham 
 
 Elizabeth, Queen, 93, 95 
 
 Ellis, A. J., 105 
 
 Ellis, John, 20 
 
 Ellis, Welbore, Baron Mendip, 152 
 
 Ellis, Welbore, Bishop of Meath, 24 note 1 
 
 Emmet, 112 
 
 Erasmus, 78 note 1 
 
 Esher, Baron. See Brett 
 
 Eton College, 4, 5, 14 
 
 Evelyn, John, 87-8, 107, 108, 127 
 
 Farrer, Henry Richard, 155 
 
 Feilding, Basil, second Earl of Denbi<di 6 
 
 Fell, Dr., 88, 93 
 
 Felton, 45 
 
 Fielder, John, <S"J, 
 
 Fiennes, William, first Viscount Saye and 
 Sele, 6 
 
 Finch, Daniel, second Earl of Notting- 
 ham, 36, 132, 136, 149, 151 
 
 Finch, Daniel, third Earl of Nottingham, 
 150, 152 
 
 Finch, Heneage, first Earl of Aylesford, 
 36, 132, 136, 149, 150 
 
 Finch, Heneage, second Earl of Aylesford, 
 
 150, 151 ^ 
 
 Finch, Heneage, third Earl of Aylesford, 
 
 151, 152 
 
 Finch, Heneage. fourth Ivirl of Aylesford, 
 
 152, 153 
 
 Finch, Heneage, second Earl of Winchel- 
 
 sea, 115 
 Finch, J Leneage, first Earl of Notlinghauj, 
 
 115, 116 
 Fisher, Samuel, 93, 94 
 Fitzgerald, R. U. F. Penrose. 155 
 Fitzmaurice, Henry Pclty, third Marquis 
 
 of Lansdowne, 153, 154 
 Fleetwood, Clinrlcs, 10 
 Foulis, Sir A\'illiani, 37 
 Fountain, Sergt., 122 
 lA)wke, Roger, 49 no'e 3 
 I' owler, 1 1 4 
 Fraser, AlexamUi-, 121 
 Freind, Robert, 90 note 1, 150, 151 
 Fytche, Sir Comport, 41 note 2
 
 16U 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Gaguier, l-i 
 
 Garland, Augustine, I) 
 
 Gastrell, Francis, 24 note 1, 150 
 
 Gedney, 31, 104 
 
 Gee, John, 140, 143, 144, 146 
 
 Gerrard, Sir Gilbert, G 
 
 Gibbs, Dr., 145 
 
 Gibson, 6 
 
 Gilbert, 97 
 
 (Jinger, Godfi-ee, 53 )H)le 1 
 
 Gloucester Hall, Oxford, 37 
 
 Glynne, 8ir John, 7, 123 
 
 Godard, 117 
 
 Godfrey, 8ir Edmund Berry, 123 
 
 Goodenough, Edmund, 153 
 
 Gore, 117 
 
 Gower, Granville Leveson, first Marquis 
 
 of Stafford, 152 
 Grant, Edward, 78 note 1 
 Granville, Earl. See Cartei'et. 
 Greene, 101 note 1, 116, 117, 121 
 Gregory, Francis, 44, 50, 51 
 Grice, Nicholas, 114 
 Grimston, Sir Harbottle, 122 
 Grosley, 21 note 4 
 Grosvenor, Richard, second Marquis of 
 
 Westminster, 153, 154 
 Grosvenor, Richard de Aquila, first 
 
 Baron Stalbridge, 155 
 Gurdon John, 7, 9 
 
 Halifax, Earl of. See Montagu 
 
 lialton. Dr. Timothy, 30 note 1 
 
 Hanbury, Nathaniel, 50, 51 
 
 Hanmer, Sir Thomas, 26 
 
 Harcourt, Egerton, 154, 155 
 
 Hai-court, The Hon. Edward, 152, 154 
 
 Harding, 75 
 
 Hare, Sir Thomas, 41 note 2 
 
 Harley, Edward, second Earl of Oxford, 
 150, 151 
 
 Harley, i:d ward, third Earl of Oxford, 151 
 
 liarley. Sir Rol:)ert, 6 
 
 Harper, 94, 95 
 
 Harrington, Sir James, 9 
 
 Harvey, Sir Daniel, 87 note 2 
 
 Hastings, Francis, tenth Earl of Hunt- 
 ingdon, 152 
 
 Hatton, Christopher, lirst Baron Hatton, 
 118 
 
 Hearle, 83 
 
 Henry, INIatthew, 46 note 1 
 
 Henry, Philip, 25, 27, 28, 43 note 1, 46 
 note 1, 82-5 
 
 Herbert, Philip, fifth Earl of Pembroke 
 and Montgomery, 6, 10 
 
 Herbert, William, sixth Earl of Pem- 
 broke and Montgomery, 94 
 
 Hervey, John, first Earl of Bristol, 99 
 note 2 
 
 Hickman, Charles, 24 note 1 
 
 Hill, 83 
 
 Hippesley, Sir John, 10 
 
 Hodges, Luke, 8, 9 
 
 Holderness, Earl of. See D'Arcy 
 
 Holland, Cornelius, 10 
 
 Holies, Thomas Pelham, Duke of New- 
 castle, 151 
 
 Hooke, Dr., 146 
 
 Hooper, George, 24 note 1, 121, 127, 132, 
 149, 150 
 
 Howard, Charles, third Earl of Notting 
 ham, 6 
 
 Howard, Edward, Lord, 6, 10 
 
 Howard, The Hon. Fulke Greville, 153 
 
 Howards, The, 121 
 
 Hoyle, 7 
 
 Huntingdon, Earl of. See Hastings 
 
 Hyde, Sergeant, 122 
 
 Jackson, Cyril, 152, 153 
 
 Jackson, William, 153 
 
 James 11. , 20 
 
 James, Hugh, 99 
 
 James, William, 50, 51 note 1, 61, 63, 
 
 89, 118 
 Jefferies, 118 
 
 Jeffreys, George, first Baron, 15 note 3, 26 
 Johnson, James, 151, 152 
 Johnson, Samuel, 107, 122 
 Jones, David, 49 'note 3 
 Jones, Edward, 24 'note 1 
 Jones, Thomas, 136, 140 
 Joyce, Martin, 93, 94 
 
 Kendal, 126
 
 INDEX 
 
 161 
 
 Keppel, George Thomas, sixth Earl of 
 
 Albemarle, 154, 156 
 Kimbolton, Lord, 122 
 King, Henry, 19 note 2 
 King, William, 28 
 Kinnoul, Earl. See Drummond 
 Knightleys, The, 121 
 Knipe, Richard, 20 7Wte 2, 21, 95, 98, 
 
 142, 144, 145, 146 
 Knipe, Thomas, 89,122, 132, 145, 149, 150 
 
 Lambe, John, 99 
 
 Lane, James, second Yiscount Lanes- 
 borough, 50, 132, 149, 150 
 
 Lane, Sir James, 116 
 
 Langley, Adam, 99 
 
 Languet, 21 note 4 
 
 Lansdowne, Marquis of. /See Fitzmaurice 
 
 Laud, Archbishop, 4, 77 
 
 Lawes, Henry, 3 note 6 
 
 Lawrence, John, 41 note 2 
 
 Leaman, William, 10 
 
 Leeds, Duke of. See Osborne 
 
 Legge, William, first Earl of Dartmouth, 
 94, 150, 151 
 
 Legge, William, second Earl of Dart- 
 mouth, 151, 152 
 
 Lely, Sir Peter, 46 note 4, 53 note 1 
 
 Lennox, Charles Gordon, fifth Duke of 
 Richmond, 153, 154 
 
 Lennox, Charles Henry Gordon, sixth 
 Duke of Richmond, 154, 155 
 
 L'Estrange, Sir Nicholas, 101 note 1 
 
 Lexington, Lord. See Sutton 
 
 Lichfitdd, 31 
 
 Lilly, William, 45, 78 
 
 Lisle, Lord Commissioner, 7, 9 
 
 Lister, Thomas, 9 
 
 Littleton, Adam, 58, 73, 145 
 
 Locke, John, 25 
 
 Longley, Charles Thomas, 154 
 
 Love, Nicholas, 9 
 
 Lowtlier, James, 155 
 
 Lucy, Sir Richard, 10 
 
 T>ud(lingt()ii, 114 
 
 Ludlow, Ednuind, 9 
 
 Lntton, 2, 23, 31, 32, 36, 146 
 
 Lutwyche, Thomas, 151 
 
 Lyde, John, 10 note 2 
 Lynn, Charles, 95 
 Lynn, Francis, 95 — 99 
 Lynn, John, 95 
 Lyttelton, Sir Charles, 21 
 
 Macdonald, Sir Archibald, 153 
 
 Maidstone, Lord, 113, 114, 115, 118 
 
 Maittaire, Michael, 28, 37 note 3, 41, 45, 
 140, 141, 144, 145, 146, 147 
 
 Manchester, Earl of. See JNIontagu 
 
 Mansfield, Earls of. See Murray 
 
 Mapletoft, 93, 94 
 
 Markham, William, 40 «o/e 2, 90 note 1, 
 151, 152 
 
 Marshall, 83 
 
 Marten, Henry, 10 
 
 Martock, 36, 143 
 
 Mary, Queen, 93 
 
 Masham, Sir William, 7, 8, 9, 10 
 
 Mattocks, 116 
 
 Maynard, Sergt., 6, 70. 122 
 
 Mendip, Baron. See Ellis 
 
 Merest, 40 note 2 
 
 Millington, Gilbert, 10 
 
 Millington, Sir Thomas, 36 note 2, 132, 
 149, 150 
 
 Monk, Bishop, 20 
 
 Monk, George, Duke of Albemarle, 92 
 
 Monsor, 86 
 
 Montagu, Charles, first Earl of Halifax, 
 26, 90 note 1 
 
 Montagu, Edward, second Earl of Man- 
 chester, 6, 114, 116, 118, 121 
 
 Montagu, Edward, second Baron Mon- 
 tagu of Broughton, 6, 85 — 87 
 
 Montagu, The Hon. Edward, 87 
 
 Montagu, The Hon. Elizabeth, 87 
 
 Montagu, Ralph, first Duke of Montagu, 
 85—87 
 
 Montgomery, Earl. See Herbert 
 
 Moore, The Hon. Arthur, 99 note 2 
 
 Moore, John, 10 
 
 Mordainit, Charles, third Earl of Peter- 
 borough, 26 
 
 Morice, Sir William, 26 note 3, 50 
 
 Mowbray, Sir John Robert, 155 
 
 Mure, James, 154, 155 
 
 M
 
 162 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Murray, David, second Earl of Mansfield, 
 
 152 
 Murray, David William, third Earl of 
 
 Mansfield, 152, 153 
 Murray, William, first Earl of Mansfield, 
 
 151, 152 
 Myttons, The, 121 
 
 Needham, or Nedham, John, 36, 132, 136, 
 
 U9, 150 
 Newcastle, Duke of. See Holies 
 Newman, Richard, 37 note 1, 132, 149, 
 
 150 
 NewjDorts, The, 121 
 Nicoll, John, 90 note 1, 151 
 North, Lord, 6 
 
 Northumberland, Earl of. See Percy 
 Norton, Gregory, 9 
 Nottingham, Earls of. See Finch and 
 
 Howard 
 Nye, 83 
 
 Old, Richard, 50 
 Oldisworth, Giles, 28 
 Oldworth, Michael, 10 
 Ormonde, Duke of. See Butler 
 Osbaldeston, or Osholston, Lambert, 4, 
 
 115 
 Osborne, Francis, fifth Duke of Leeds, 152 
 Osborne, Sir George, 152, 153 
 Osborne, Thomas, fourth Duke of Leeds, 
 
 151, 152 
 Osgood, Adam, 111 
 Owen, John, 16, 58, 70, 72 
 Owtram, Dr., 145 
 Oxford, Earl of. See Harley 
 
 Packington, 118 
 
 Page, William, 153 
 
 Paget, Henry William, first Marquis of 
 
 Anglesey, 153, 154 
 Palmer, 83, 85 
 Partridge, 110 
 Pearce, 38 note 'I 
 Pearson, John, 88, 95 
 Peck, 122 
 
 Pelham, The Hon. Henry, 151 
 Pelham, Henry Thomas, third Earl of 
 
 Chichester, 154, 155 
 
 Pelham, Thomas, second Earl of Chi- 
 chester, 153 
 
 Pembroke, Earl of. See Hei'bert 
 
 Pennington, Isaac, 10 
 
 Pepys, Samuel, 29 note 4, 107, 125, 127 
 
 Percy, Algernon, tenth Earl of North- 
 vimberland, 6 
 
 Perrinchief, Richard, 20 
 
 Peterborough, Earl of. See Mordaunt 
 
 Petre, Father, 51 
 
 Phillimore, Joseph, 153, 154 
 
 Phillimore, Sir Robert Joseph, 154, 155 
 
 Phillimore, Sir Walter George Frank, 
 155 
 
 Pierce, Thomas, 29, 56, 57 
 
 Pope, Walter, 55 
 
 Portland, Duke of. See Bentinck 
 
 Power, 99 
 
 Price, Owen, 73 
 
 Prideaux, Edward, 9 
 
 Prideaux, Humphrey, 20, 26 note 3, 50 
 
 Prior, Matthew, 26, 88 
 
 Procer, Kate, 124 
 
 Pulteney, William, Earl of Bath, 89, 151 
 
 Purcell, Henry, 145 note 1 
 
 Pye, Sir Robert, 7 
 
 Quainton, 87 
 
 Radnor, Earl of. See Roberts 
 
 Randolph, John, 152, 153 
 
 Rawson, Robert, 111 
 
 Redman, Timothy, 49 note 3 
 
 Reynolds, 7 
 
 Rich, Nathaniel, 10 
 
 Richmond, Dukes of. See Lennox 
 
 Rider, Henry, 24 note 1 
 
 Riley, John, 46 
 
 Rivers, Earl. See Savage 
 
 Roberts, John, second Baron Roberts, 
 
 afterwards first Earl of Radnor, 6 
 Robinson, Anne, 41 note 2 
 Robinson, Henry, 2 
 Robinson, Luke, 10 
 Robinson, Sir Lumley, 41 note 2, 116 
 Robinson, Sir Thomas, 2, 37, 41, 50 note 
 
 7, 121, 145 
 Rotiers, 112 
 Rous, Francis, 6, 9
 
 INDEX 
 
 163 
 
 Russell, Francis, seventh Duke of Bed- 
 ford, 154 
 
 Hussell, John, sixth Duke of Bedford, 
 152, 153 
 
 Russell, John, first Earl Russell, 154, 155 
 
 Russell, William, fifth Earl of Bedford, 
 116, 121 
 
 Russells, The, 122 
 
 Rysbrack, Michael, 46 
 
 Sackville, Charles, I(Ord Buckhurst, 122 
 Sackville, John Frederick, third Duke of 
 
 Dorset, 152 
 Sackville, Lionel Cranfield, first Duke of 
 
 Dorset, 150, 151 
 Sackville, Richard, Earl of Dorset, 121 
 Sackvilles, The, 122 
 St. Dunstan's in the East, 92 
 St. John, Henry, first Viscount Boling- 
 
 broke, 88 
 St. John, Oliver, 6 note 4 
 St. Margaret's, Westminster, 2, 32 note 
 
 6, 36, 146 
 St. Paul's, 21 note 4, 92 
 Salisbury, Earl of. iSee Cecil 
 Salwey, 7 
 
 Salwey, Humphrey, 9 
 Salwey, Richard, 10 
 Sanderson, Robert, 19 note 2 
 Savage, Thomas, third Earl Rivers, 121 
 Saviles, The, 121 
 Sawyer, Goody, 106 
 Say, 10 
 
 Saye and Sele, Viscount. tSee Fiennes 
 Scobell, Henry, 74 
 Scudamore, James, 50, 107 
 Seabright, Sir Edward, 118 
 Seile, Henry, 121 
 
 Severne, Thomas, 20 note 4, 27 note 3, 50 
 Sherlock, Mrs., 51 
 Shipper, William, 26, 99 
 Sidney, Algernon, 10 
 Sill, William, 145 
 Simon, Thomas, 112 
 Skeene, Christopher, 124 
 Skeene, Henry, 109 
 Skinner, Daniel, 93, 94 
 Skynner, Sir John, 152 
 
 Small brook, Hezekiah, 117 
 
 Smallwell, Edward, 152 
 
 Smalridge, George, 24 note 1, 150 
 
 Smith, Francis, 123 
 
 Smith, Henry, 9 
 
 Smith, Samuel, 151, 153 
 
 Smyth, Dr., 6 
 
 Smyth, Patrick, 110 
 
 Somerset, Charles Noel, fourth Duke of 
 
 Beaufoi't, 151 
 Somerset, Granville Robert Henry, 154, 
 
 155 
 Somerset, Henry, fifth Duke of Beaufort, 
 
 152, 153 
 Somerset, Henry Charles, sixth Duke of 
 
 Beaufort, 152 
 South, Mrs., 51 
 South, Robert, 15, 26, 36, 41 note 1, 46 
 
 note 1, 132, 136, 149, 150 
 Spark, Thomas, 49 note 3, 50, 51 
 Spencer, Robert, second Earl of Sunder- 
 land, 26 
 Sprat, Thomas, 24 7iote 1, 94, 150 
 Stacey, 85 
 
 Stafford, Marquis of. See Gower 
 Stalbridge, Baron. See Grosvenor 
 Stanhoj^e, James Banks, 155 
 Stanton, Dr., 83 
 Stephens, William, 10, 73 
 Stevenson, John, 37 
 Stoke Goldington, 37, 38 
 Stone, 85 
 
 Stone, Andrew, 151, 152 
 Stratford, William, 150, 151 
 Strickland, Sir William, 6, 9 
 Strong, William, 17 
 Stubbe, Henry, 50, 101 note 1 
 Summers, 117 
 
 Sunderland, Earl of. *S'ee Spencer 
 Sutton, Robert, second Baron Lexington, 
 
 141 note 1 
 Swann, Robert, 130, 140 
 
 Taswell, William, 89—99 
 Tatnal, Rol)ort, 27 
 Thomas, William, 49 note 3 
 Thompson, George, 10 
 Thompson, Michael, 49 note 3
 
 1G4 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Thornburg, Giles, 93, 94 
 
 Thurcross, Timothy, 143 
 
 Tliurman, Henry, 50 
 
 Thuisbv, William, 36, 132, 136, 143, 
 
 U9,'l50 
 Tilson, Henry, 46 note 4 
 Toll, Thomas, 10 
 Toore, Dorothy, 50 
 Tothill Fields, 32, 38 7wte 1 
 Tothill Street, 75 
 
 Trelawny, Sir Jonathan, 24 note 1, 150 
 Trevor, Sir John, 7, 9 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, 7, 8, 93, 99 
 Tufnel, John, 38 note 2 
 
 Uvedale, or Ydall, Robert, 17 
 
 Yane, Sir Henry, 7, 9 
 Venn, John, 10 
 Yernon, 141 note 1 
 Yesey, John, 24 note 1 
 Yincent, Thomas, 57, 83, 85 
 Yincent, AVilliam, 152, 153 
 
 ^Yainright, John, 151 
 
 ^Ya]ker, YlUiam, 50 
 
 Wallop, Robert, 10 
 
 Watson, J., 46 
 
 Weaver, John, 9 
 
 Welbys of Lincolnshire, The, 2 note 3 
 
 Wells, 4, 19, 23, 31, 37 note 3, 144 
 
 Wentworth, C. W. Watson, second Mar- 
 qi;is of Rockingham, 151, 152 
 
 Y'est, Washbourne, 18 
 
 Westminster, Marquis of. See Grosvenor 
 
 Westminster School: "Bishop's boys," 13 
 vote 2 ; cloisters, 77 note 2, 81 ; college 
 bed-maker, 97 note 1 ; committee 
 appointed, 6 — 7 ; " Custos," 96 note 1 ; 
 Dean's Yard, 86 note 2 ; " Electio," 
 82 note 3 ; election, 87—89 ; Fields, 
 81 ; Governors appointed, 9 — 10; Head- 
 master's salary, 4 ; legislation affect- 
 ing it, 4—14; "Liberty boy," 97; 
 loyalty of, 15 — 18 ; the pancake, 102 
 note 1 ; practical jokes, 101 ; Jack 
 Presbyter burnt, 94 ; School curtain, 
 
 89, 102; School fees, 96—99, 113; 
 
 School life, 77—103 ; school-room, 69 
 
 note 1 ; tablets in college dormitory, 
 
 98 ; Yisitors appointed, 14 
 Wetenhall, Edward, 18, 24 note 1, 50 
 Wheeler, 6 
 White, John, 9 
 White, Robert, 46 
 Whitlock, Bulstrode, 7, 9 
 Whittaker, 83 
 Whittaker, Laurence, 10 
 Wickham, 85 
 
 Wickham, Henry Lewis, 153, 154 
 Wickham, William, 155 
 Willen, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 46, 
 
 131, 132, 133, 135, 137, 138, 139, 141, 
 
 142 
 Williams, Sir Edward Yaughan, 154, 155 
 Williams, John, Archbishop of York, 
 
 13 
 Williams, Sir Roland Lomax, 155 
 Williamson, Yictor Alexander, 155 
 Willoughby, Lord, 6 
 Wilson, Dr. John, 3 
 Wilson, Rowland, 10 
 Wilson, Samuel, 94, 95 
 Winchelsea, Earl of. See Finch 
 Winchester College, 5, 14 
 Windsor, The Hon. Dixie, 99, 150, 151 
 Winwood, Lady Elizabeth, 85 
 Wiseman, Sir Richard, 82 
 Wogan, William, 122 
 Wollaston, Sir John, 9 
 Womack, Lawrence, 56 
 Woodroffe, Dr., 37 note 3 
 Worcester College, Oxford, 37 
 Wren, Sir Christopher, 25 
 Wrighte, Dr., 86 
 Wyndham, Charles, second Earl of Egre- 
 
 mont, 151 
 Wynn, Arthur Watkin AVilliams, 156 
 Wynn, Charles Watkin AVilliams, 153— 
 
 155 
 Wynn, Sir Watkin Williams, 155 
 
 Zalori, Stephen, 50 
 
 [«. Clcy Si Son!', Lid., London S, Bungay. 
 
 \
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 Santa Barbara 
 
 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE 
 STAMPED BELOW. 
 
 Series 9482
 
 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 000 055 603 
 
 University of California 
 305 De Neve Drive - Pi'r'""9o^NIA 90095-1388
 
 
 •?'^^i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,,'- -;^f V ^''Ji^^M 
 
 
 *<rlV^ -ir -a^^H 
 
 
 
 
 \if _'-'j;i-'X*' t^y**-"^ 
 
 
 
 ■'.'':'■ 
 
 iSi^^H 
 
 i'i 
 
 
 
 -v^MH^^H 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 ■ '-,•>'-■ ■■■.■-■■ i<.<'-i 
 
 ■-'•.-1,.* 
 
 
 "'''■'^^"'^'i'*v-''.-'. ■ 
 
 ^"^■feisiv 
 
 '&''v-":iii:;:-.v:.-.vV^Aj^^^':.;- 
 
 •?*-;■:;-■ 
 
 iiAi>;- 
 
 l«itt 
 
 
 
 ■ %