|8 BBtC^ OF SPHACTERl C.E. GRAVES lA A, University of California. GIKX DTP '18%/. jiS-fy Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2007 witii funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation littp://www.arcliive.org/details/captureofspliacteOOtliucricli eiementarp Clasisiirsf, THE CAPTUEE OF SPHACTERIA THUCYDIDES BOOK IV Ch. 1—41. Edited for tbe Use of Schools BY C. E. GRAVES, M.A. CLASSICAL LECTURER AND LATE FELLOW OF ST JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. Honlron : MACMILLAN AND CO. 1879 \T]ie rdght of Translation is reserved.] /is-^l PRINTED BY C. J. CLAT, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, PREFACE. It is hoped tliat this book may be of service as ail introduction to the study of Thucydides. It contains the history of an incident in the Peloponnesian war, which is complete in itself, and which has a singular historical and dramatic interest. The chapters in which the episode of Pylus is related are an excellent exam- ple of the direct and vivid writing which marks the Athenian who, according to Macaulay's repeated judg- ment, * is the greatest historian that ever lived.' Apart from some exceptional sentences, these chapters present no very serious difficulties of con- struction. They require however close attention throughout as well to the grammar as to the connexion of thought. It is indeed the necessity for this close attention, in addition to the supreme merit of Thucy- dides as a historian, which makes the study of his writings most valuable in the training of a scholar. No author repays more richly the patient and care- ful reader; no author shows more fully the marvel- lous power and variety of expression possessed by the Greek tongue. Thucydides is commonly thought too difficult to be placed in the hands of schoolboys. The diffi- culties however, at any rate in the narrative portion of the history, are not as a rule insurmountable ; nor are they like those of Sophocles or Yirgil, 1—2 iv PREFACE. which it often requires mature scholarship even to apprehend. It is generally noticed in our Cambridge examinations that Greek prose translation is with most men the weak point. Candidates of respectable pre- tensions often fail hopelessly in dealing with sentences at all long or involved. Such failure seems frequently due to the habitual neglect of the most elementary rules of grammar; but it is also brought about in some measure by a narrow range of school reading. Except with the highest boys, Xenophon is the stock Greek prose author. Xenophon has passages of con- siderable difficulty, but as a rule he is deficient in in- terest and variety; nor is there any reason why he should not be supplemented by judicious selections from Thucydides, Plato, and Demosthenes. In the present edition I have given such notes as will, I hope, throw a fair light upon the text, without superseding the use of grammar and dictionary. The notes, I need not say, have no great claim to originality. I have freely consulted the editions of Poppo, Arnold, and Kriiger, and am under special obligation to the store of parallel passages and the careful annotations of Classen. In passages of dis- puted meaning, it has been my endeavour to state as clearly as possible the views of competent authorities rather than to insist upon my own. A few references have been given to the Greek Syntaxes of Madvig, Farrar, and Cl^^de, but as a rule matters of ordinary syntax have been left without unnecessary comment. Some knowledge of the history of the peiiod is also presupposed. INTRODUCTION. § 1. The Style of Thucydides, In reading Thucydides the young student must note especially the order of the words. The difficulty of the author arises not from obscurity of idea but from condensation of thought and abundance of matter. Thus at times the language * breaks down under him/ and a sentence grows beneath his hands out of all reasonable shape and size. The key to such a sentence may often be found by reading it aloud, and observing its emphasis and rhythm; and thus tracing the stages by which it was gradually built up. Above all, the force of the tenses must be carefully observed, more particularly that of the imperfect. This tense is susceptible of varieties of meaning, many of which can only be represented in English by the aid of some cumbrous and unnatural paraphrase. Still the reader can learn to appreciate them, and must endeavour to do so from the first. The same is true of the aorist and other tenses, and of the thousand subtleties of Greek syntax, in dealing with which it may be safely said that a clear apprehension of the difficulty in a point before us is the first and most important step towards its solution. vi INTRODUCTION'. § 2. Historical, The year 431 b. c. is marked by the outbreak of what is called the Peloponnesian war. The com- batants were, on the one side, Sparta as the head of the Peloponnesian confederacy, on the other, Athens with her allies and dependents. The real cause of the war was the jealousy and dread with which the ambi- tion and power of Athens were viewed by the Pelo- ponnesian states. Since the repulse of the Persian invasion she had extended her influence on every side. She had virtually deposed Sparta from the hegemony of the allied states; her wealth and resources were increasing day by day; she seemed to be aiming not without hope of success at establishing an empire over the whole Hellenic race. War was carried on with varied contingencies, but neither side obtained such a preponderance of success as promised an early termination to the struggle. In 426 the Athenians sent a small fleet to Sicily, osten- sibly to aid their Ionian allies against Syracuse, but in reality hoping to prevent Sicily from helping Sparta with supplies, and feeling the way to the extension of their own dominion. The operations in Sicily were insignificant in efiect, but the Athenians were never- theless persuaded to prepare a second and larger expedition. This was sent out in 425, and it was from the fleet being detained by stress of weather on the coast of Messenia that Demosthenes was enabled to occupy the fortress of Pylus. The details of this occupation and its results form the subject of the pre- sent volume. LIBRARY j. UNIVERSITY OF (3ALIKORN1A. eOYKYAIAO Y SYrrPA^HS A. 2 t Tov 8' cTTtytyvo/AeVov Oipov^ Trcpi (tltov iK^oXyy Messene in Sicily ^vpaKOcridiV ScKtt v^cs TrX^vcracrai KoX Athenians. Rhe- AoKplScs l(TaL M.e(rcr7jvr]V Tl)v €V StKcAta gium is attacked /\ n > '^ » / \ by the Locrians. KaTeAapov, avTdiV CTTayayo/xevwi/, Kat 2 aTricTTYi Meo-crr/v?/ 'A^iyi/atwv. hrpa^av h\ tovto 5 fidXia-Ta 01 pXv SupaKoo-tot dpwi'TCs irpocrpoXrjv ej^ov to Xcoptov ttJs StKcXtas Kttt (l>o/3ovfX€voi Tovvyd8(i)v, dt ^aav Trap av- T0t<;' TO yap 'Piyy tov €7rt ttoXvi/ -^ovov io-Tao-la^c, koI d^vvaTa "^v iv to) irapovTi tovs AoKpovs d/xvveaOai, j^ 4 ^ Kat p-aA-Xov kir€TiOevTo, Sr](j^(ravT€s Se ot fxcv AoKpol tw TTcfw aTre^nSprja'aVf at Se v^es Mco'o-iyvT^J' i^povpovy. 2 ©OYKYAIAOY Koi aWat at irXrjpovjxcvaL efieXXov avroae iyKaOop- fjLL(Td{JL€vai Tov TToXc/xov ivjevdcv Troirj(T€(jOai. 2 I 'Ytto h\ TOi;s avTOVs yjpovov^i tov rjpos, irpiv tov Invasion of Attica, ^-^^^ov eV aK/ig cTmi, neXoTTOWTfcrtot Kal B^ansiorTo"rc'yt ol ^i;>/.axot l^ri^aXov h T^V 'Kttlk^v, and Sicily. ^.^^^^^ 8^ 'Ayi5 o 'ApxiSa>ov, AaKc8at- fJLOVLWV jSao-tXev?, Kat lyKaOe^ofievoL iSrjovv Tiijv yrjv. s 2 ^AOrjvoLOL Se Tcis T€ TCdcrapaKOVTa vavs is ^tKcXiav aTTco-TCtXav, wanrcp TrapccTKCvd^ovTO, Kat (TTpaTrjyovs Tovs VTroXoLTTOvs, ^vpvjxiSovTa Kol So^OKXea* IIv^o- ScDpos yet/) d T/atTOS avTwi/ 17877 TrpoacJHKTO is StKcXtav. 3 ctTTOv Se TovTOts Kttt ^€pKvpaL(DV oifxa TrapaTrXiovTas tcSv 10 €1/ tt} TToXet iTTLfJieXrjOrjvai, ot eXTyo-revovTO vtto tcSv iv T<3 opct (f>vydS(av' kol ILeXoTrovvrjcTLiov avTocc vfjes €^7]K0VTa TrapiTreirXevKeaav rots iv t(3 opct Ttftwpot, Kctl Xt/>to{; ovTOS fJieydXov iv Ty ttoXci vo/xt^ovT€s Kara- 4 o"X'7<^^^^ pa8to)s Tct TTpdyfjiaTa. Arjp.O(T0iv€L Si, ovtl 15 t8twT27 /xerct ttJv dva^aaprja-LV Trjv i^ *AKapvavLas, avT<3 ScYjOevTL ctTTov xp^o'^^it Tttts vavcTt Tarratg, t^v jSovXrj^ rat, 7r€pt tiJv IIcXoTrdvj/Tyo-ov. 3 I /cat ws cyevovTO TrXeovres Kara T'qv AaKWViKrjv Demosthenes,who '^at invvOdvoVTO OTL at vijcs cv KcpKvpa had sailed with vo> >n'^tt\ ' «v the fleet, proposes ^jorj €LCn TWV Ll€A07r0VVrj(THiiVy O jJ.€V to occupy Pylus ^ , ,5. n xj 1 \ « » ' » on the coast of rjvpvfxeOiiiv Kttt 2iO t^ / « <^^ a /i ' » > TTJV SS.€pKVpaV, O 0€ DLr)flO(TU€Vr]S €S TTJV 5 Tl-vXov TTp^Tov iKeXeve o-^ovTas avTovs kol rrpd^avTas d 8et TOV ttXovv iroieicrOai* avrtXeyovrtov 8e, Kara TV)(yjv ^€LfjnDV cTTtycrd/xcvos KaTy]V€yK€ Tas vavs is rrjv 9 IIvXov. Kat d ArjixodOivrjs €v6vs rj^iov Teixt^ccrOat, SYrrPAHS A. 3 TO ^coptov, cttI ^TOtiTO joip ^vcttXcvo"^, KOL tt7r€<^aty€ lO TToWrjv evTTOpiav ^v\o)v T€ koX Xt^car, koL cj^vaet KapTcpov ov KOL iprjfjiov avro T€ Kai iwi iroXv rij^ Xwpas' airi^ci yap crraStors iiaXiarcL y IIvXos irj^ STTaprTy? TerpaKocTLOvg, kol taTiv Iv Trj M.€(ro"rjvLa 7roT€ ov(rrj yrj, KaXovcn Se avryv ol Aa/ccSatjutovtot is 3 Y^opv^ddiov, 01 Se TToXXa? ecj^aaav cti/ac aKpa<; iprj- fjiov^ Trj€pov, cyKC- KVtfiOTf.^ T€ (OS /ACtXtO-Ttt fliXXoi CTTtjUCVCtV, Kttt T(0 X^'-P^ 'O 3 €S TovTridO) fv/X7rXcK0VTCS, O7r(os /Aiy aTroTTtTTTOt. iravTL T€ rpoTTio mrcLyovTO (j>Orjvat tovs AaKcSat/tovtovs Tct ftM^X^^TaTa €$€pyao'dfX€VOL irpXv €7rt/?07y^i7(raf to ycip ^ Toi;ry...4W€/c7r\eO(rat. 2 i;juxa^of (?). 3 eiriirece. 4 ©OYKYAIAOY ^ irXiou Tov ^(optov avTO KapT€p6v VTryjp^c koX ovh\v eSei Tct;(ovs. 5 I ot 8c kopTrjv TLva €TV)(ov ayovT€g, Koi a/xa ^ ,, . Trvv6av6tjL€V0L iv oAtvwpta Ittolovvto, ws Demosthenes is , '^ r ^ « left at Pylas. oTttv l^iXOoiCTiv rj ov)( VTro/xcvovi/ras o-^as ^ paStcDS \r]\j/6ixevoi /Bca' Kal n Kat avrovs o CTparos 2 €Tt iv rats 'A^^Vats wj/ iirio-x^y T€t;)(tVavTCs Se ot s *A07]valoL TOV )((opiov Toi TT/Dos r]7r€Lpov Kat d jxaXivXaKa KaToK^iirovcnv, rats Se TrXctocri vavct TOV €S ttJi/ KipKvpav ttXovv kol St/ceXtav T/TTCt- yovTO. g I Ol 8* €V T^ 'ArrtK^ ovres IleXoTrovvi^o-tot 79, sians withdraw ,, ^ ^ ^ v S from Attica. av€)(iDpovv Kara Ta)(o<; iir oiKov, vojjll- ^ovT€s ftcv ol AttKcSat/xovtot Kal '^Ayts d /SaaiXevs oIk€LOV O-C^tO-t TO TTCpt TT/V IIuXoi/* OLfXa SI TTpiO CCT^Sa- 5 X6vT€<; KOL TOV (TLTOV €TL )(Xu)pOV OVTOS IcTTraVt^OV TpOCJiTJ'; TOIS TTOX/Ws' X^^/^^^ ''"^ C7rty€vd/X€V0S fJi€L^(J}V Trapoi T7]v KaOeo-TrjKvlav (o/oav kirUcre to aTpaTCVfxa* 8 (iSo-TC TToXXa-xo^ev ^vve/Srj dva^wpTJcraL T€ Odo-Q-ov av- Tovs KOL ppa)(yTdTrjv yeviaOaL ttjv io-jSoXrjv TavTTjV lo 7]fjL€pa<; yap TrevTCKatScKa e/xetrav cv ttJ 'Attik^. >^ Y KaTa Se tov avrov ^po^ov ^t/xwvtS?;? 'A^T/vatoov The Athenians at- (TTpaTrjyoS 'Htdva Tijv CTTt &pdKr)S, Mev- tempt to occupy cs , . , \ ' S^^ '»' d: \ Eion m Thrace, oatwv aTTOtKtav, 7roA€fJLLav o€ ovcrav, ^VA- Ae^as 'A^T/vatovs tc dXtyovs ck twv iy/Ji€V(tiV apd$aL, ottws p.>7 ^ TOts 6 AOrjvaiOL^ e 4© €tK09, ctTOV T€ ovk evovTOfS Kttt Ot oAiyTjs Trafia&Kcvrjs 9 ^ KaruXrjfxpiivov . cJs 8' cSoKCt avTois J0.y;pay koX St€^t- pat^ov cs Ti)v VTjdov Tovs oTrA-tVas, dTrqKArjpiacravTC^ (xtto irdvTiiiV T^v Xo^wvi KOL Sii/Syjaav. ph^ koX aXXoi Trpo- T^pov Kara 8tao^j(^v, oi Sc TeX'wTatot Kat cy/caTa- 45 XrjcjiOivTes iiKOdi Kat tct paKocrioL ^o-av, Kat EtAwTCS ol 7r€pt avrous * ^PX^ ^' a^rcSv 'ETrtraSa*; o MoXo^pov. 9 I Arjp,o&6€V7]9 Se, opwv tous AaKeSat/xovtovs jiteA.- XovTas TTpoaPdXXuv vavat T€ a/>ia Kat Demosthenes pre- e,^ /^ • \ » ^ \ \ pares to repel the 7rc4a), TTapcorKCva^ero Kat avro?, Kat Tas attack. )" ,, ^ » ^ i \ ^ Tpt7^p€is aiTTCp 1^0-ai/ ai;T(i) aTTO tcoi/ KaTa- Xct^^ctcrwv avao-Tracas vwo to Tctxto-/xa irpoo-ccTTavpta- 3 (Tfv, Kat Tovs vavras cf avTok/ wTrXto-cv acnricri t€ <^av- Xats Kat oto^mVats Tats TroXXats* ov yap rjv oirXa iv XOipm ipypii^ TTOpLO-ao-Oaij dXXd koI TavTa Ik Xr](rTpLK7J^ ^ KaTeiKTjfx/jL^vov. SYrrPA^HS A. 7 M.€cr(TrjvL(ov TpiaKovrapov koI KiXrjTO^0'L ^ tov T€t;j(0V9 TavTtj daOevecTTdTOV ovto^ 'iTTLO-ird&aaOa^ av- 20 Tovs T^yetTO TrpoOvfJiyjo'eo-OaL. ovt€ yap avTol cXtti- ^ovTcs TTOTC ravo^t KpaTrjOrjacaOaL ovk l(T)(ypov iT€L)(L^0Vy €/CCtVotS T€ ^La^OfxivOL^ TTJV aTTO^aCTLV dXwaifJLOV TO 3 xiapiov yiyv^dBai. KaTa tovto ovv irpos avTiJv ti;v ^aXaa"0"av x'^ptjaa's era^e tovs OTrXtras ojs ct/afwv, ^v 25 Swr^Tat, Kat, TrapeKcXcwaTO T0ta8e. 10 I ''AvS/acs Ot ivvapdficvoL TovBe tov KLvSvvoVy fxyj- Speech of Demos- ^^tS VfXi^V iv Trj TOtaSc avdyKYj frvcTos tlienes to Iiis men. n \ / /i s '^ * » \' J* ' pOVA€(TU rjpLojv /Sidt^rjTai' IttI yap rats vaval pacnoL ctcrtv dp.vv€crOai, diropdyTC^ Se cv t<3 ttrw ^8>/. to t€ ttXtJ^os avTwv ovK dyav Set K^ioPuaOai' Kar* oXCyov yap p^a^eLTaif. KaCirep ttoXv ov, diropia Trj'S irpoa-bp- ' /jtto'€a)9, Kat OVK iv yfj cnpaTo^ Icttlv e/c tov o/xotou 20 pL€i^(i>v, dXX ctTTo v«3v, ais TToXXa ra Kaipia Set ev t^J 4 OaXdcrcrY] ^vplpyjvai. ^q-tc. ra? toi;to>v aTTopta? avrt- TraAovs '^yovp.ai tw yp^erepto irXtjOei, Kat a/xa a^iw •u/xag, Adrjvaiovs ovras /cat eTrto-ra/xevovs €/X7rctpta ti}v vavTLKTjv iir aXXovs diropaariv, otl ct Tts viropiivoL Kat 25 ^9; 4>ol3(o poOiov Kal v€(j^v SeivoTrjTO^ KaraiT^ov -uttoyo)- potT;, OVK av ttotc pta^otTO, Kat avrovs vw /xetvat T€ Kat a/xwo/xevovs Trap' avrijv ttJv pa^tW o^w^ctv v/xas T€ avrovs Kat to ^(coptW. 11 I Too^avra tov Arjpioo'Oevov^ -TrapaKcXcvo'a/xci/ov, ot The Lacedaemo- *A0r}va2oL iOdparjadv T€ /xaXXov Kat €7rt- nians attack Pylus , , c » > v x by land and sea. KarapavTCS kra^avTO irap avrrjv ttjv 2 ^aXao-o-av. ot Se AaKcSat/xoi/tot apavres t(3 re Kara y^v crpaTO) Trpoo-ijSaXXov t<3 T€t;^to-/xaTt Kat rats vavo^tv S ap.a, ovo-at? TcaaapdKovTa Kat TpicrC' vavap^os Sc avTW]/ eTreVXet ©pao^v/XTyXtSas J^paTrjcnKXeovSi S^rap- 2YrrPAH5%|. Vy 9 X^'^^' '^^^ ^^ /^^^ *AOr]valoL ajjis (ocrajLtcvot cA,ot€v to r^.i^iG'iJLa, Trot'Twv 8c ^avcpwra- 4 ros Bpao-tSas eyevero. Tptfqpap^Qv yap kol opwv tov is ^(jjpLov ^aXcTTOv ovTos Toi;s Tpiy]pap)(ov<; /cat Kv/^epvTJra^, €L TTTJ Koi SoKOLT] SvvaTOV €LVaL (r)(€tVy dlTOKVOVVTa^ KOL Kl^vXao-aofxivovs twv V€a>v /at; ^VTpLij/oxnv, ifioa Xiyoiv (OS OVK €tKOS €17; ^vXo)]/ ^€(8o/X€VOVS TOVS TToXc/AtOV? CV TiJ x^Pt^ TTcpttSetv retxos 7r€TroLrjfievov<;f dXXd rds t€ 20 (TcjieTipas vavs /Bia^ofxivovs ttJv diropacriv KaTayvvvat iKiXevev kol tovs ^v/x/xolxous /X07 aTroKvrjaat avri /Acya- Xwv cvepyecrtwv ras vavs rots AaKcSat/xovt'ots ci/ rw TrapovTi linhovvai, oKctXavras Sc Kat Travrl rpoina diro- /SdvTas T(3v T€ avSpwv Kat rov )(0)pLOV KpaTrjaai.^ ■^2 I f^^ o ftev Tovs TC oXXovs Totavra cTrecrTrcpx^j '^^t The Lacedaemo- "^^'^ ^«^^°^ KVpepvT^TTjv avayKaVas OK€tXat niansarerepulsed. ^^^ ^^-^ ^^^'^^^ ^^v ^^^, a'7ro/?a(9pav ' Kat ircLpwjJLCvos diropaiv^iv dveKoirrj vtto tiov ' AdrjvaLoyv, Kat rpav/xarto-^ets TroXXa kX€.nro\^v)(y](Ti t€ Kat ttcctovto? 5 avrou es rijv Trape^ecpco-tav y do-iris Trepieppvrj cs t?}v ^a- Xaar7- p(avas TrapiTrejxij/av twv vcu)i/ rtvas cs Acnvrjv, cXtti- ^ovT€S TO Kara tov Xt/xcva Tet;^05 {;i/^09 p-cv €;(€tv, aTro- 5 2 ^acrctos 8c ixd\i(TTa ovcrrjq eXetv p,r;;(avat9. cv Torroi 8c at CK T^5 ZaKvvOov vije^ twv 'A^T/vatwv Trapayty- vovrat TTCVTr/Kovra * Trpoae/SotjOrjarav yap T(3v tc (ftpov* Pl6(i)V Ttvcs avTots ToJv CK NavTraKTOv Kat Xtat TC(rcrap€9, 3 OJS 8c Ct8oV Tlfv TC 7]Tr€LpOV OTrXtTWV TTCptTrXcWV TiyV TC lO vrjcrov, tv tc t<3 Xt/xcvt ovcras Tcts vavs Kat ovk ckttXc- ovcras, ttTTop^o-avTCS oth; Ka^op/xto-tovTat, totc /xcv cs UpWTiyV TtJk VI^O'OV, ^ OV TTokv (XTTCjI^Ct, ip^fios ovcTa, CTrXcvo-av Kat rjiXLcravTOf rrj 8' va-repaLo. TrapacKcv- acra/xcvoi W9 CTrt vav/xa^tav avryyovro, ^v p-cv avTCK- 15 TrXctv lOiXoicn 7, ws 4 avTOt c7rccr7rXci;o"ovp,cvot. Kat ot p,€v outc dvTavifyovTO ouTC a .8icvo7}^r/(rav, <^pafat Tovs cctttXovs, ctv;(Ov TTOtT/o-avTcs, 9j(rv;(a^ovTCs 8' cv Ty yrj Tas tc vavs cttX'/;- V povj/ Kat Trapco-Kcva^ovTO, lyv ia-irXerj Tt9, ojs cv Tw 20 XiixivL ovTL OV o-fJiLKpio vavfxa^r]crovT€S, SYrrPA^HS A. 11 14 I o^ S* ^AOrjvatoL yvovT€9 KaO* iKdrepov Tov cctttAouv The Lacedaemo- (JOpf/^rjcrav €77 avTOv^, /cat ra? fxlv ttXclovs nians are defeated, ^ / »k^ ^ r, \ * / and their force in Kttt fl€Te i > / and blockaded. pov0€L(r(j^v Siio-ijjcrav. KaraorrdyTes Se iKdrepoL is to CTTpaTOTreSov ot p.ci' TpoTratov T€ eaTrjo^av Kat vcKpovs 25 aTreOoo^av Kat vauaytwv eKpaTTjcraVj kol t)}]/ vrjcrov €v6v7(7(i) avSpacrt crtrov idv rov^ €V TTJ yweLpo) AaKe8at/xovtoi;s CKirefJiTreiV raKTov Kai fjiefjLayfJiivoVj Svo ypiviKa^i eKdario 'ArTt/cas aXLT(i)v KOL hvo KoruXas o'lvov kol Kpcas, OepdirovTi Se tovtiov 10 ^/-ttcrca' Tavra Se opwvToov tc3v ^AOrjvamv l(nT€p.tr€iv KoX irXoiov fx-qhev icnrXeivXdOpa' (^vXdacrciv 8e kol ttjv vrjcrov ^ AOrjvaiov^ prj^ev ^crcroVj oaa ixrj aTro/SaivovTaq, Koi oirXa firj iTncftipetv tw HeXoirovvrjar iO)V crrpaTw 2 fiyJTe Kara yrjv /xt^tc Kara OdXacraav. 6 Tt 8' av tot;- 15 tcjov irapa/SaivoiO'Lv cmTcpot Kat OTtow, totc XeXijo-^ai Tas o'^ovSas. IcTrelaOai 8e ariras /^^XP' ^^ cTraveX- OwcTLV ol Ik tcov 'A^t^i^wv Aa Ke^ at fxovLMV Trpecr^ets* SYrrPA^HS A. 13 ctTrocTTetXat Be avTOvs Tpitjp^t 'AOrjvaLOV^ koI itolXlv KOfJiLO-ai, iXOovTOiv Se ras t€ crTrovScts XeXvcrOai rav- 20 Ttts KOi ras vav? aTroSowat AOrjvatovs o/xotas oLacnrep 3 av Trapa\dj3(0(nv. at p.€V (TTrovSal iin tovtols cyei/ovro, (cat at v^€s irapeBoOrjaav ovaai Trept e^r/Kovra, Kat ot TTpia-jSeL's dTr€(rTd\r](Tav. d(f>iK6iitvoi 8e €S rets ^AOt]- vas eXe^av rotaSe. 17 1 "'EireiJiij/av ly/x-as Aa/ceSatjUoVtot, \>\ //j bassadors at A- <^^ VlllV Te uxpeKllXOV OV TO avTO TTCtC'tO- thens. Nt/», vAj \e» « jLtev Kat rjixiv €S t7;v ^vfxcpopav 0J5 ck twi/ 2 Trapoi/Tcov KoajJiov fidXto-Ta fxiXXy otcretv. tovs Se Xoyov? 5 fiaKporipovs ov irapd to eluyOos fXYjKvvovfiev^ aXX Ittl- )^iopLov ov iqplv^ ov pXv /^pa^ets dpKiaui firj TroXXots Xpyo-6aL, TrXetoo-t Se ei' a> av Katpos -^ StSao-KOvras rt 3 TJ T€ vp,€T€p(^ TroXet St' c/XTretptav Kat 77/xtv p.dXiO'T dv Ik tov €.Ik6to<; 7rpo(T€Lrj. 18 I yvtore 8e Kat e? ras ?;/xeTepas vw ^D/x<;f)opas ctTrt- SoVres, otTtvc9 a^tw/xa fxiyKTTOV twi/ '£\X7;ra)v cp^ovrcs 2—2 U ©OYKYAIAOY 7]K0fji€v Trap v/jia?, irpoTcpov avTol KvpnorepoL vofXL^ovTe^ 2 ctvat SovvaL ifji d vvv a<^iyixivoi v/JLa<> atTOVfieua, Kat- TOL ovT€ Swa/xews cvSeta iirdOofxev avTO ovre p,ut,ovo% 5 '7rpo(ry€voiX€vr)aX€VT€S, €V w 7ra(rt to avTO o/xoto)? V7rap)(€i, 3 tooTC ov/c ctKos vfidsy Sid T'^v 'TTapovcTav vvv puyfxrjv TToXcOJ? T€ Kttt TWV TTpOO-ycyCI/T/jLteVCOV, Kttt TO TiJ? TV^'^^ 4 oUaOaL act /ic^' t;/;ic3v c(T€(tO/xi. (riDcfipovuyv Sc avSpwi/ '® otTtvcs rayaOd C5 dp^fjiipoXov acr^aXcos W€vto — Kai rats fv/x<^opats ot avrot cv^wcrwrcpov av 7rpo(r<^c- pOLVTO TOI/ TC TToXc/XOV VOfXiCTUiCn /X^ Ktt^' OfTOV ai/ Tts avTOv fX€po<; PovXiqTai /xcra;(ctpt^cti/, tovto) fuv- cti'at, aAA (OS av at tv^^^ avrcov Tyyrycrcoi/Tat. /cat '5 Ika-^iG-T av ot TOtovTOt TTTatovTcg, 8ta to pirj to) op- $ovfjiiv(o avTov Trto-TcvorTCs eTratpeaOai, Iv tw cvTv;(eti/ 5 av fJiaXiiTTa KaraXvoLVTO. o vvv vjjliv, w *A6rjvaL0i, KaXws c^ct TTpos T^jitas Trpa^at, Kai p,?; ttotc varepov, rjv apa ixtj 7rct^op,ci/ot (rcjyaXrJTe, a TroXXa €vS€;!(€Tat, ^o vofJLLaOyjvai rv^rj koI toL vvv 7rpo)((opT](TavTa KpaTrjcrai^ i$6v aKivSvvov SoKYjaLV to-p^vos Kat ^wcVccos cs to cTrctTa KaTaXtTTCtv. 19 1 AaKcSatjUovtot 8c i;p,as TrpoKaXowTat cs o"7rovSas Kat StaXvo-tv TToXifJLOv, StSovTcs p-ev elpyvrjv kol ^vp,p,a- ^tav Kat aXXrjv i^tXtai/ iroXXrjv kol otKCtoTT^Ta es aXX?^- Xovs virap^eiv, avTaLTOvvT€vyouv Traparv^ovcrrjs Ttros cwToyptas ctTC Kat lKTroXiopKy]OivTeOT€poLs t] $vv- aXXay?;, irptv tl dvrJKecrTov Sta fxia-ov yevofxevov tjjxds KaTaXa/SeiVf iv dvayKrj atStov v/xtv e^Opav Trpos T17 KOLvy Koi tStav €^ctv, v/xas Se (TTCprjOrjvaL wv vvv 2 irpoKaXovfJieOa. cVt 8' o^'TaJ^/ dKptrwv, kol vfuv fxlv 5 So'^S Kat i]iJL€TepaLO'Lv ivofii^ov iroLfJiov^ elvai oirorav povXiDVTai TroieicrOai 3 TTpos avTov<;, tov Se TrXeoro? <^peyovTO. fxaXia-ra Se aurovs ivrjye KXewv o KAeatv€Tov, av^p SrjfJiaycayos KaT eKeivov tov ^ovov (j^v koX tm irXijOet irtOaviDTaTOs' lo Kat €7reto-ev aTroKpLvaorOaij a>s XP^ ''"<^ /^^^ OTrXa Kat cr^as avTOvs tovs ei' ttJ viyo'a) TrapaSovrag irpcoTOV KOfJLicrOrjvaL ^K6rjvat,C iXOovTCDV Si, aTroSovras AaKcSat- fjiovLOV? NtVatav Kat IlT^yas Kat Tpot^-i^ya Kat ^Ky^oxav, a ov 77oXefX(o eXa^ov dX)C drro t^s Trporcpas fv/x- is /3ao-ea)9, AOrjvaifjiU ivy)(0)prj(TdvT(i)V Kara ivfJi(f>opds KOI iv T(3 Tore Seofxivoiv Tt fxaXXov (rirovSijjv, KOjutorao"- i^at Tovs avSpas Kat o^TrovSas TroL'^o'aaOaL ottoctov av SoKTJ -^pOVOV a/jt^0T€p0tS. 22 I ot Se TTpos fjiev T-qv diroKpiaLV ovSev avretTTOi^, fw€- TheLacedaemon- ^P^^^ ^^ O-^tVtj/ €KeXci;ov eXiaOai, otrtves wUhoT^'eSng ^eyovres Kat aK07;ovTe9 Trept eKao-rov anythmg. ^vii^rjo-ovTai Kara rjav^iav 6 Tt av Trct- 2 Ouicriv dXXriXovHS A. 17 jttcv TrXyjOei ovSev iOeXovcnv ctTretv, oXtyot? Se dvSpdcrL ^weSpot /SovXovrai yiyv^aOac dX\d €t rt vytes Stavo- 3 owrat, Xiyeiv iKeXevcrev diraarLV, opiovres Be ol Aa/<€- lo Satjuovtot ovre cnfiLcriv oXov re 01/ Iv TrXijOei etTretv, ct Tt KOi VTTO TTJs fv/Ac^opa? eSoKct avTols ^vyxii^peiv, ixrj cs Tovs ivfjifxdxovs SLal3Xr]00^ lO T€po)V Kara Kparos iiroXepLeLTO, 'AdrjvaXoL fxkv Svo2v ^vcoti/ et^avrtatv act tyJv vrjcrov TreptTrXeoi/reg tt75 ly/xepa^ ' — TT7S Se vvKTos Kat diracTai Treptcop/xow, ttXtJv ra Trpos TO TreXayo?, OTrore ave/x.05 ct?/' Kat ck twv ^AOr]vu)v aVTols eLKOCTL V7JC7ytVcov Kara t^Opav^ kclI avToi Se 3 la-pepXrjKCo-CLV iravhrjfJid es rrjv yrjv avTwv. /cat vav- fJiaxiOLS diroireipoio-OaL ipovXovTOy opwvrcs rots *A$rj' vatots ras ftev irapovaas dXtyas vav?, rats Sc ttXcloctl KOI /xcXXoro-ats i^^etv 7rw^avo/x.€rot rr/i/ vrjcrov TroXtop- lo 4 KeiaOai. €t yap KpaTtjcreLav T(3 vavrtKcS, to Pi/ytov rfXirit.ov TTC^rJ re Kat vavcrU icfyopfiovvre^ paStcas ;)(etpcij- aaaOaij koI ySrj 0"<^wr tcr;(vpc3t ra Trpay/xara yiyvecrOaC fi;t'€yyT;s yap Keifxivov tov re 'Pi^ytou aKpoirrjpLov Trjs 'IraXtag t^s t€ M ecrcr?/ viys tt7s iSt/ceXt'a?, rots ^AOrjvaiOL^ 15 5 re ouK av cTvat Icjiopfieiv kol tov TropOfiov Kparcti/. cort Se d TTopOfJiO^ rj fx^ra^v 'l^rjytov OdXacrcra kol MecrcnJvT^S ^TTCp PpaxyraTov StKeXta r^s rjirupov dTri)^€L, Kai ccTTtv 97 Xapvj88ts KXrjdeio-a tot}to, 17 'OSvorcrci)? 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Sta (TT€v6TYjTa Se Kat ck fieydXiDv ireXa- 20 •yOH/, TOl) TC TupO-T/VtKOV Kat TOV StKcXtKOV, lo-TTiTTTovcra rj SdXacrara is avTo kol powS>^s ouo-a cikotcos x^^^^^ CJ'O/ItO-^T/. 25 * €V TOVTO) OVJ/ TO) [XCTa^V OL SvpaKocTtot Kat ot ^v/x- • th H-^X^^ vavo-tv dXtyo) irX^iocnv rj TpidKOVTa straits of Messene. rjyayKd(T6'Y}(Tav di/^e tt^s 7;/xepas vavjxa- ■^^o-ai TTcpt TrXotov Sta7rXeoi/ro9, avTC7ravaydjW,ei/ot Trpds a T€ *AOr}vaLu)V vavt€T' aVTOV, Naxos and Mes- „ » '* tit ' ^» » ' sene respectively. €7rA€i;o-av €Keto-€, Mco-o-T7VtGt ev rovTta 25 TravSrjfJLel Kara y^v kol rat? vavo-tv dfxa iorrpdrcvo-av 8 €7rt Nafov Tiijv XaXKtStKiyv ofJiopov ovaav. kol rfj TTpi^Trj Tj/xepa TCL^rjpci^; TrotT^o-avres rovs Naftor? i^njovv ryv yrjv, rfj S' varTepata rats ju,€i/ vavo-t irepiTrXcvo-avTes Kara tov ^AKeo-lvrjv rrroTapiov rrjv yrjv cStJow, tw Sc 30 9 Tre^o) Trpo? tiJv ttoXlv icrilSaXXov. iv tovtio Se ol StKeXot vTTcp TcSv aKp(x)v TToXXot KttTe^atvov f^orjOovvTis eTTt Tovs Meao-T^vtov?. Kat ot Na^tot ws ctSov, Oapoij- o-aj'Tes Kttt TrapaKcXevo/xcvot cr eavrots cJs ot Aeovrtrot o-cjfjto-t Kat aXXot "EXXt^vc? ^v/x/xa^ot es rt/xwptai/ cTrep- 35 " x^*''''^^? iKSpajjLovTC^s dcfii'(ji) ck ttJs ttoXcws Trpoo-TrtTTTOvo't 20 ©OYKYAIAOY Tots Meoro->;vtot9, KOi rpixpavTC^ aTrc/crctvav re i^Trep ^tXtovs, KOI 01 XoiTToX p^aXeTTo)? aireyj^p'qcTav lir olkov' Kol yap ol jSap/Sapoi iv tols oBols eTmrecrovTes tovs 10 TrAetcTTOvs Bii(j>Oupav, xat at v?y€s o")(ov(Tai es T)yv 40 M.e(Tcrr}vy}v va-repov lir oIkov eKacrrat SiCKpiOrjarav, 11 AcovTti/ot §€ evOv<: kol ol ^vfJiixa^oL fxerd 'AOrjvaLiov is rrjv 'M.€o-o-7]vr]v ws K€KaK(DfX€vr]v icTTpoLTevov, kol Trpoo-^dWovjes ol fxkv ^AOrjvaioL Kara tou Xtp.iva rals 12 vavalv €7r€tpa)v, o 8e Tre^os Trpos t>}v ttoAii^. iireK- 45 Spo^rjv 8c 7roir](rdiJi€VOL ol Me(70-?yvtot Kat Aokjocov Ttvcs /xcTct Tov AyjfjiOTeXovs, oi /jtcra to TrdOos iyKaT€\€L(j>' drjaav <}>povpoLy c^aTrtvatws TrpocTTreo-ovTes Tpiirovcn tov crTparevfiaTos tcSv AcovrtVcov to ttoAv Kat diriKruvav TToAXovs. tSovTCS Se ot ^AOrjvaloL kol dirolSdvTes airo 50 T(3i/ vcwv i/SorjOovVf kol KareSiuy^av tous Meo-o^i^vtovs TraXtv €S T^v TToXtv, TCTapay/xevots CTrtycvo/xcj'of Kat 13 T/DOTratoi' o-TT^o-avTCS dv€^(j^p7]o-av €S to 'Pi/ytov. /xcTot Se TovTO ot iJi€V iv T^ StKeXta ''EXXt^vcs dv€V t(jju ^AOr]vaL(jiv Kara yrjv iaTparevov iir dX\rj\ov / " ?» '^ tt \ / still hold out, be- rjirupio (TTpaTOTreoov TixiV iLeAoTrovvrjorLCtiv ing furnished with v *" , ,, , , <>» t -z supplies from the KttTtt ')( SvrrPA^HS A. 21 opfiov al fjilv (tItov Iv rrj yfj ypovvTO Kara iilpo^^ at 8c 4 fi€T€(ji)poi (Spjxovv. dOv/JiLav re TrXaarTrjv o xpovos 7rap€i)^€ Trapd Xoyov iTnyiyvojJLCVOSj ol^s (oovto r]jX€pwv oXiyoiv eKTroXiopKijcreiV iv utjo-io t€ ipyjP'D kol vSari 5 dXfivpw ^/ocj/xevoi;?. alVtov Sc ^v ot AaKcSat/xoj'toi 15 7r/Doet7rovT€9 is rrjv vrjaov icrdyav crtrov re tov /SovXo- fjievov dXr]Xe(rixivov kol oTvov kol TVpov kol et tl aXXo /3peXKOVTes fjLyKwva fxefxeXiTOijJiivrjV kol Xlvov (nrepjjia KeKOixfxevov (jjv TO TrpcoTOV Xav6av6vTO)V (jyvXaKoi vcrrepov iyevovTO' iravTi re TpoTro) eKdrepoi iTe^iovTO, ot p\v iairepLTreiv Ta ctTta, ot Be fx-^ XavOdvecv (r5<>cv/ tacks the Generals tt} l/'WO'to oTt ecTTAet, ri'iropovv Kat iBeBoL- in office, especial- <-' ' ^^ ^ ^ ^# /^ lyNicias. /cccrav p.?; crcfxjJV ;(€tp-wv ta]v vXaK'^v TTcptyevqcrccrOaL Tovs dvSpas rj rots TrXototg, a tov ctItov avTo'i<5 "»?*)/€, lo 2 x^t/Awva T77/D7^o"avr€9 cKTrXciJcrco-^at. Travrcov Se e^o- PovvTO fidXio-Ta TOvi(nv iiriKYjpvKevea-OaL' 3 Kat /JL^TefiiXovTO rag CTroi^Sas ov 8e^a/xevot. KXewv Sc, yrovs avroji/ tiJi' €S avroi' viroxj/Lav irepl ttJ? KwXv/xrys 15 T^S ^v/xjScLO-co)?, ov rdX-qOrj ecfiTj Xiy^LV tovs i^ayyiX- Xovras. TrapaivovvTOiv Se tojv a^ty/xevwv, ei jLtiy (KJiicrL irLCTTevovcrif KaracrKOTrov^ rtvas irepLxj/ai, 'i^piOrj Kara- 4 O'KOTTOS avros /w,£Ta ©eoyeVors wo *AOr]vaL(iiv, Kat yvovs ort dvayKaaOrja-eTai rj ravTa Xeyetv oTs StejSaXXev 20 t; TavavTia clttidv ij/cv^rjs (f>avrj(TC(jOai, TrapyjveL rot? AOyjvaiOis, opwv avrovs /cat o)pixrjfxivov^ tl to ttXcov tt} yvojfxy (TTpaTeveiVj oj? ^P^ KaTao-zcoTTor? p,€r /xt; Tri/JLTretv fiYjoe Ota/xcXXetv Kaipov Trapiivraq, et Se SoKct avrots aXrjOrj eTvaL rd ayycXXo/xeva, TrXeti/ €7rt tovs ai/Spas. 25 5 Kat cs NtKtav TOV NtKT^pcLTOV (TTpaTrjyov oi^Ta direo-y]- jxaiv€v, ixOpotos -^v, yvovs Se tw ovtl TrapaSuxTclovTa av€)((x)p€i, Kot OVK ecjiT] avTos dX.\* iKclvov a-TpaTTjyeiv, Se^LW's 7]8yj kol OVK oiv oto/xcvos ol ai;TOV ToXjxrjaai vtto- )((op7Jo-ai. au^ts Se d Nt/ctas iKeXeve kol eftWaro t^9 lo CTTt IIvAa) ap^T7S /cat fxapTVpas tov)r o.p^y]v 4 fcal eK€tV(i) iire/Sowv TrAciJ^. wo^re ouk €;!(a)v ottcds twi' 13 elprjjjiivoiv €TL e^airaXXayrj, V(pLcrTaTaL tou ttXovv, kol TrapeXOwv ovt€ c^o^etfr^at €(^77 Aa/ceSatjuovt'ov?, TrXev- (T^aOai T€ Xap(jiv Ik pXv Trj7 tt/jos rots €V IIvAa) orpartcDTats ivTQLorafji€V(i}v ^A6r)vaL(j)v avTio tov ttXovv. choosing Demos- ' ^ ' ^ ^ « *" .^ thenes as his col- 7-(IJy yg gj/ HvAw O'TpaTliyi'iiV eva TTOOO'C- leaguo, sails for t r / / 1 F^lus. X6p^evo<; ^TjfJLoaOivrjv, Trjv ^ di ayo)y7Jv 8ta U ©OYKYAIAOY c Ta;j(ovs €7rot€tTO. rov Se ^rjfjLOorOivrjv Trpoo-eXape ttvV- 5 ^avo)U€i/os TTJv aTrot/Bacriv avTov is rrfv vija-ov 8tavo- 3 ddOai, ot yap o-Tpartwrat KaK07ra^ovi/TCs rov \(apiov rfj dwopLa, Koi fxaWov iroXtopKOVfievoi rj 7^oXto/^Ko^}^T€9, t^pfirjVTO SiaKLvSweva-aL. Koi avrw ert piafxrjv kol -q 4 vrjcros Ifxirp-qa-Oucra irapia-^cv, TrpoTcpov fxkv yap 10 avTyj<; ovo-yj<; vXwSovs cttI to ttoXv koi drpipov^ Bid tyjv del iprjfJiLav icjio/BeLTo, kol irpos twv TroAc/z-tajv tovto €v6fxit,€ fidWov elvai ' ttoXXw yap dv Q-TpaTOTreow airo- PdvTL €$ dcf>avov? -^MpLOV Trpocr^aXXovTas avTOvs fSXaTr- r€LV, cr(f>i(TL fJilv yap ras ckc'vcov ap,apTt'as Kat rrapa- 15 (TKCvrJi/ VTTO T/^s vXrys ovK av o/xota>9 Si^Xa ctvat, roi) §€ avTCdV (TTpaTOiriSov Karacbavrj av clvai iravra rd UjutapTT^/Aara, wore TrpocTTrtTrretv av aurovs dirpocr^oK'q- •TWS 17 /SovXoLVTo' CTT lK€LVOiyv re vrjaov evaTro/Ba- lo Twripav ovcrav^, totc ws ctt' d^toxp^^^ "^ovs 'A^r^vatovs /^aWoi/ (rirovSyv TToiucrOai rrjv lirixup-qcnv irapi- L(TL tol T€ oTrXa Kat cr^as avrotJ? KcXevetv TrapaSovj^at, c^' o) (j^vXaKfj rrj fA€TpLa TrjpyjarovTaij ecos dv tl Trepl tov ttXcovos fv/x- 20 ^a^Tj. 31 1 ov TrpotrSefajLtei/o)!/ 8c avrwv /xtW /xcv i^fiepav Disposition of the eVeo-xov, rfj 8' vdrepata dvrjydyovTo fxev Lacedaemonians. ^ »)»\/ <> n «\' vvKTOS €7r oAtya? vavs rovs OTrAtras Travra? iTnj3i/3do'avTevXaKT7]plOV T/^S ViyO"OV. 2 (uSc yap St€T€TaxaTO' ev TavTY) fxlv tyj irpwTrj (f^vXaKrj COS tptaKOVTtt ^o-av oTrXtTat, fJii(TOV Se Kat o/xaA.(OTaToi/ : T6 Kat 7r€pt TO vSajp ot 7rX€to"TOt avTok/ Kat 'ETTtTaSas 10 o apx'^y ^^X^^j fJi€po^ 8e Tt ov iroXv avro Tov(T)(aTov ivXa(T(T€ Trjv\aKa<;, ol^ Arrangements €7re8pa/xov, €vOvOeLpov(rLV ev T€ made by Demos- '^a'-v >n n ' ^«'\ thenes and Cleon Tats ewais CTL avaAa/xpavovras ra oTrAa, for the attack. \ \ a f v » ' o » / Kat AaC7oi/Tes tt^v aTropacnv, oiofxevwv avTopfJLOv ttjs vvktos 5 2 TrXctv. a/xa Se ew yiyvofiivr) kol 6 d\.Xos crr/aaros direfiaLVov, Ik [jlIv V€wv e^SofxyKouTa kol oXtyo) TrXeto- vcDv TrdvTCs ttXtJv OaXa/JiLUiVj ojs €/tcvot, €t §€ Tots irXayi- 4 Ot9, VTTO TWI' €KaT€pli}0€V 7rapaT€TaypL€V(J0V. Kara vd)TOV T€ a€t e/x€XXov auT0t9, ]7 xdypTjcretaVj ol iroXipLioi 20 IcreaBai x^iXol Kat ot aTropojrarot To^evpaat kol OLKOVTtOtS Kat Xl6oI<; kol (T(f)€vS6vaiS Ik. TToXXoV €)(^0VT€S dXK7]Vf ols jUT^Se €7reX^€tv otov T€ ^V cf)€VyOVT€S T€ •yap iKpdrovv koI dvay^wpovatv Ittckuvto, TOiavTr) pikv yv(j^p.r] 6 Ar]p,0(T6ivr]S to T€ TrpcuTOV Tijt' diro^ao-iv 25 €7r€i^o'€t Kat £»^ TO) cpyo) Ira^ev ' SYrrPAHS A. 27 33 I ot Se Trept tov 'ETrtTaSav, koL oTrep tjv irXudTov Engagement on '^^^ ^^ ^5 ^W^^ ^^ eT8ov TO T€ TTpwTOV the island. cj^vXaKTijpLov Siecj^Oapfjiivov KOL (TTparov (Tcjiicnv eTTiovTa, ^vcrafavro, Koi tols OTrXtVats toji/ *AOrjvaL(i)V i-n-yeaav, [3ovX6fJi€VOL cs X^'-P^^ iXOelv' ef 5 cvavTtas yap ovtol Ka6€(TT7]K€(Tav, c/c TrXaytov Se ol 2 i^tXot Kttt Kara vojtov. rotg jnev ovv OTrXtrats ovk TJ^WTjOrjaav Trpoapl^ai ovSe tt} cr<;f>eTepa e/X7retpta XPV^~ aaOai' ol yap i/^tXot iKaripiaOev /3aXXovTcs cTpyov, Kat aju.a iKCLVOL ovk avreTri^ccrav aXA,' Tjo-uxct^oi/* tovs Se 10 ij/iXovs, yj piaXKTTa avrots Trpoo'^eovTes TrpocTKioLVTO, €Tp€7rOV* KOL ot VTrOCTTpi<^OVTiepofxivoiV, to re epyov ivravOa -^aXeTrdv rots AaKcSat/xovtot? KaOio'TaTo' ovTC yap ol ttIXol ecrreyov ra To^ev/xara, Sopdnd re 20 iva7roK€KXao-TO PaXXopL€vo)v, cT^ov tc ovSer acfjio'iv avTols Xp'qo-ao-Oaij dTroKeKXrjfJiivoL filv Trj oxj/u tov irpoopdv, VTTO 8e t^s fxet^ovos jSorjs twu TroXe/xtW ra €1/ avTots TrapayyeXXofxeva ovk iaaKovovT€(|a7} afJivvoiJi€vov<; aoyOyvat. 35 I reXos Se Tpav/xart^o/xevcov -^Si^ ttoXXojv Sta to aet They retreat to the iv TO) avTCp dva(Trpi(p^o-Oaiy ^vyKXy^aav- extremity of the , , > \ v v * « island. Tcs €)(wpr](rav €S to €o-p(aTOT/ epvfxa tt/s V7^a"0v, o ou TToXv aTTCt^ev, Kat toi;s iavrwv cf)vXaKapiOV io-)(y'L OVK ct^ov, 4 Trpoo-tWTes §€ e^ evavTtas wo-ao-^at eTretpcoj/TO. Kat )(p6vOV p\v TToXvV KOL TTJs 7j/X,€paS TO TrXetflTTOI/ TaXat- TTiopovfxevoi dpicjiorepoi vtto T€ ttJs P'd)(r]v\a(rorov, x^XeTrw? re Kat p-oXts TrepteX- 10 ^(01/ eXa^cv, Kat ctti to9 fierewpov i^aTTLvrj^ avac^avets Kara vojtov avrcoi/ tot)s /a€v t(3 aSoKT^ro) l^iirXiq^cv, Tovs Se a 7rp0(T^hi)(0VT0 tSoVras ttoXXw /xaXXoi' cTrep- 3 p(j)(r€V Kol ol AaKeSat/xoi/tot /^aXXop-evot t€ aix^oTepia- ^ ^€V ^877 Kat ytyvo/xcvot €V T(3 avTw ^v/jtTTTwp-aTt, w? ^S fJLLKpov jLtcyaXo) €tKao-at, t(3 ci/ ©epp,07n;Xats — eKeti^ot T€ yap ttJ ctrpaTTw TrepteX^dvTCDi/ t(3i/ Ilepcrwi/ 8t€<^^a- prjaav, ovtol t€ — a/x<^t)SoXot ^877 ovres ovkIti avrct^^or, aXXa TToXXots T€ oXtyot p-a^d/xevot Kat dcrOeveta crojp,a- tcjdv Sta 7771/ (TtroSetai/ VTre^wpovv kol ol ^AOrjvaloL iKpd- ^*^ TOW TjBrj TWV C<^d8(jD]/, 37 I yvovs §€ d KXewi/ Kat d ArjfjiocrOivr]^ on €t Kat Summons to sur- dTTOO-ovouj/ paXXov cj^Sojo-ovo-t, Siacj^Oapr]- render. / » \ « \ « , / crop,ei/ovs avrous i^tto tt/s cr^ercpas (TTpa- Ttas, €7ravcrav tt^j/ fJid^rjv kol tovs iavTcov ctTretpfav, fSovXofxevoL dyaycLv avTOV^ ^AOrjvaiOLs lY)pr]- fXeVOV Iv TOtS V€KpOLS €Tt ^WVTOS KClfxivOV (OS T€^V€<5tOS, avTos rpLTOS iiprjpyjfjiivos dp'^eiv Kara vofxoVy ct Tt 2 €K€ti/ot 7racrp(otev. eXeye Se d Stu^wv Kat ot //,€t' avTov lo oTt povXovraL SiaKTjpvKevcrao-OaL irpos tovs iv rrj 3 yiretpio AaKeSat/xovtous, o Tt -^prj (Tcj^ds iroiuv. Kat iKcivoiV fjilv ovSeva dcj^evTiov, avrcov Se t(3i/ ^AOrjvaiaiv KaXoVVT(J}V €AC TiyS 7]7r€LpOV K7]pVKavXaKfj el^ov avTOvs ol AOrjvatoL' rrj S' xarTepaia ol ftev ^AOrjvatoi Tpoirolov (TrrjcravTeq iv rrj vy](Tio rdXXa Stco'Kcva^ovTO cus €s irXovv, Kat toi;s ai/Spas TOts Tpiripap-^ois SteStSoo-av es (jivXaK'rjv, ol 8e AaKcSatjudvtot KijpVKa Triyij/avTes rovs vcKpovs StcKo- 25 2YrrPA$H2 A. 31 5 fJita-avTO. diriOavov 8' ev rfj vy]crVTes iXtjcf^Orja-av TOcrotSe* eiKoo'i /xev OTrXtrat Sti/SrjGrav kol TerpaKOCTiOL ot Travres* tovtwv ^(ovres iKOfJiLaOrjaav oktw aTroSeov- TC5 TpiaKOcnoi, ot Se aXXot d-n-iOavov. kol STrapTtarat TovTcov '^G'ai/ Twv t,wlrovTo, Koi ^v o^tTOS cv tt} vrjcTco Koi dXXa Pp^ p.ara iyKaTeXyjcfiOy] ' 6 yap dpxoiv 'ETrtraSas evSeeo'Tepws €Kd(TT(o irapeixev rj Trpos rrjv l^ovdiav, ot p\v Srj A0r]va2oi Kal ol JleXoTrovvijcnoL dve^wprjcrav t<3 crTpar^ 10 €K T^s IIvXou iKarepoL lir olkoVj Kal rov KXcwro? KatVep fiavLwOTjs ovcra rj viroo-x^cn^i a7re/5>7* evTOS yap €t/coo'tv TjjJLcpoiV lyyayc tovs avSpag, (oo"7r€p viricTTrj. 40 I Trapa yvuyfxrjv re 8r) /xaXto"Ta tw]/ Kara roi/ iroXefJiov The general feel- tovto Tots '^EA.X'MO'ti/ eyevero* Tovs yap ing throughout , ^ /^v../ Greece. AaKcOat/xovtov? oi;T€ Atp-o) our avayKrj ovSc/xta Tj^iovv ra OTrXa TrapaSoiJi^at, aXXa €;j^oi^Tas Kat 2 /xa^j^o/xevors ok eSvi/avro diroOvylcrKUV, airtcrTovvTis tc 5 P r> « ,\ o» T / Tylus garrisoned, ou Ti $VfJif3iO(TiV, 7]V OL HeXoTTOVVrjO-LOL TTpo TovTov €S TYjv yrjv i(TpdXX(ji)(TLVf c^ayayovTCS drro- 2 KTCtvat. rrjs Se IIvAov cj:)vXaKrjv KarecrTyjcravTO, kol ol 5 €K T^s NaiJTroLKTOV Meo-OTTyvtot ojs es TrarptSa ravTT^v- — eorrt yap tJ IIvAos t^S Meo-cTT^vtSos ttotc ovcrr]^ yrj% — 'Trijjuf/avTes cr^wv a{'T(i3v tovs eTrtTT^SetoTarovs ^ eXift^ov t€ rrjv AaKfiiVLKrjv kol TrXetcrTa (.pXarmov, o/xo<^a)Vot oi^Tes* 3 ot Se AaKcSat/xovtot a/xa^etg oVres ev rw Trpti/ ')(p6v(a 10 XrjcrreLas kol tolovtov TroXifiov, twv t€ EtXcoroDV avro- /xoXowTtov Kat <^o/3oi;/x€i/ot /XT/ Kat cttI fxaKpoTcpov ucftLCTL TL veiDTepLaOrj Twv Kara rrjv ^ojpav, ov paStws ecjicpov, aXXa, Kaiirep ov povXofJLevoL evBrjXoL ctvat rots 'A^77vatot9, irrpeo-pevoVTO Trap avTov<; koI iireipiovTO ^5 4 7771/ T€ IIijXov Kat T0i?9 dvSpas Ko/xLt,€crOaL. ol Se fxei- ^oviov re (opeyovTO Kat TroXXctKts KftoLTwvTOiV avTovs aTrpoLKTOvs aTreTre/ATTOV. ravra fxlv to. Trepl HvXov yevofieva, ^ ekrjl^ovTo. NOTES. CHAPTEB I. 1. Tov 8* €TTL"yi'Yvo|.L€VOv Gepous — B. c. 425. Thiicydides divides his history into summers and winters, thus reckoning more accurately, as he points out, v. 20, than by the names of the archons or other officials of the year in different states. The opening words introduced by 5^ comi^lete the sentence which ends the preceding book, ravra [ikv Karct rbv %ei/xcDva tovtov eyi- vero K.T.X, The third and fifth books begin in the same way. d^povs, * in the summer ' ; the genitive denotes the time within the limits of which a thin^ occurs , and is partitive in cha- racter^. ih. -Trepl ctCtov ckPoX-^v — lit. ' putting forth (ears)'. Some time in April is probably denoted: see Arnold's note on rod CLTOV CLKfJid^OVTOS, 11. 19. 2. irXcvo-acrat — the order of the sentence shows that this word belongs to "Evp. diKo, vrjes: the Syracusans put to sea, and after being joined by the Locrians went to Messene. iaai, 'an equal number'; iVas 7rX7jpc6(javT€s, iii. 75. *Locri Epizephyrii, a colony founded by the Locrians of Greece, was in the s.e. of what is now Calabria. It was in alliance with Syracuse, iii. 86. Messene (now Messina) had been forced to join the Athenian confederacy the year before, iii. 90. A summary of its history is given, vi. 4. 4. KarcXaPov — * occupied', especially used of taking up a military position ; cf. KaToXa/n^dviou, ch. 3, 17: so Plato, Gorg. 455 B, speaks of xw/)twv KaTd\r]\pLS as a subject for military debate. 1 Madvig, § 66 : Farrar, § 46. 34 NOTES, ib, avTwv liraYa-yoixcvcov — 'the people themselves having invited them'; the preceding Meao-'rjvrjv shows to w^hat avTujv refers ; cf . ^e^yei is KipKvpav, Cov avrQp evepyir'qs, i. 136, 5. 2irpa|av Se — the verb being placed first, the subject is divided into two parts, ol p.kv Supa/c6o-ioi . , , ol U AoKpoi' the respective motives of the allies being thus distinguished. 6. 6pwvT€s irpoo-poXiiv 'i\ov — ' seeing that the place com- manded, or afforded, (lit. contained) an approach, or point of landing and attack,' i.e. it was the key of Sicily : so the Messenians are said it^ irpoff^oKr) ehai ttjs St/ceX^as, vi. 48 ; and an Athenian squadron despatched to the straits of Messene is said irepi ttjv rrpoa^oKriv rrjs ^iKeXias yauXoxe?^, vii. 4. ^xw is used in the same way in ch. 8, 36, airb^aciv o^k ^xoucaj', 'not ad- mitting of a landing'. From the idea of 'containing in itself it is often used in the sense of 'bringing with itself ', and there- fore of involving or implying, the equivalent English depending on the context; e.g. dirodeL^Lv ^X^i, i. 97, 'affords a proof; dyavdKrrja-Lv ^x^i, ii. 41, 'gives ground of complaint'; a'iadrjjuf lx«> ii. 61, 'causes perception'. 7. TT]S SiKcXCas — objective gen. after Trpoa-jBoX'rjv: soiTrlT-S iff^oXy 77Js Avy Kov, iv. 83, 'at the pass into Lyncus'. 8. II avTOv op{ji(o^€voi — 'making it a base of operations * against Syracuse, lit. 'starting from if; so ch. 3, 22 : ttot^, 'sooner or later, some day'. If the Athenians had possession of Messene, their command of the sea would enable them to collect forces and supphes there, so as to attack Syracuse at their own time. Ehegium was on the Italian side of the straits of Messene. It was in alliance with the Athenians and Leontines, iii. 86. The Athenian ships under Pythodorus were apparently stationed there at the present time, but made no effort to save Messene. Pythodorus may have been crippled by a defeat he had lately sustained in an attack on a Locrian fortress, iii. 115. 10. d[ioT^p«0€V — by land and sea; so ch. 11, 9; iii. 18. 11. 6s TT^v *Pt]7Cvci)v — sc. yrji/ : ry dW-qXcop ^orjeeiv, i. 44. 12. eiripoT]0«ort— the subjunctive is more graphic than the optative, which according to rule should follow the pluperfect. * The historians, especially Thucydides, seem often to have thrown themselves so completely into the past events which they recorded that those events became as present to them, and hence a form of the subjunctive group follows a historic tense. CHAPTER L 35 Sometimes indeed forms from both groups occur in a clause de- pendent on the same historical tense, as Sttws daa^rj ra atjixua roLS TToXe/jLioLS y, Kal jult) ^oyjOolev, iii. 22. In such examples the subjunctive form often expresses the more immediate or more certain contingency, and the optative form the more remote or more uncertain contingency ' (Clyde's Greek Syntax, § 40, obs. 2). Apart from cases which can be thus explained, the subjunctive is constantly used after a historic tense by the best Attic writers, and. in later Greek tends to supplant the optative altogether ^. 13. fvv€7ra76vTaiv€ — * and pointed out (the existence of) good store both of timber and of stone, and (the fact) that the place was strong and uninhabited, as was also a great extent of the district ', lit. * both itself and (to) a great extent '. a-nrocpaLvo) is found in this sense with a participle in vi. 54. iirl ttoXjj is con- structed as if it formed one word, and is followed by the genitive ; cf. {veojv) iirl ttoXi) t^s OdXdffarjs iirexovaQv, i. 50, * covering a great extent of the sea'; rod olKoboixrujuciTo^ iTrl f^iya Acar^crecce, ii. 76, 'it (a military engine) shattered a large portion of the work'; ea-eaidi] ptaro iirl fiiya tou ^ijXov, iv. 100, 'a great part of the wood (of a pipe) was plated with iron '. 13. dtriyii 7dp...Kopv<(>ct(riov — the ancient territory of Messenia had been subdued by the Lacedaemonians, and the people driven from their country or reduced to serfdom. On CHAPTER III. . 39 the suppression of the final struggle for freedom in 455, the Athenians gave the Messenians a settlement at Naupactus on the Corinthian Gulf, i. 101 — 3. Demosthenes had acted with the Messenians of Naupactus in his last year's cam- paign, iii. 94, etc. He proposed now to employ them in the occupation of some post in Peloponnesus, where their hatred of the Spartans, and knowledge of the country and the dialect, might best be turned to account. For such a purpose Pylus seemed especially fit. It was far from Sparta, the district was uninhabited, the position was easy to defend, and it commanded an excellent harbour. The harbour of Pylus is identified with the modern Bay of Navarino ; but the description given by Thucydides in ch. 8 of the narrowness of the two entrances is not in accordance with their present state. The southern channel is now some 1400 yards in width, and the northern not less than 150. See Grote, vol. iv. ch. 62, and Arnold. KopvcpdaioVf diminutive of Kopvcp-^y means a little top or headland. 16. ol 8^ ^a(rav...8a'rravdv — 'they said that there were many desert capes in Peloponnesus, if he should wish to waste the city's resources by occupying them', tjp ^otjXrjrai. represents in oratio ohliqua rjv ^ovXy, 'if you (shall) wish'; not el /3oi)Xei, which would become el ^o^ikerai or el ^oijXolto. The generals wished Demosthenes not to insist on occupying Pylus, as he would find plenty of places equally useless. Their object was to reach Corcyra, without being delayed by Demos- thenes' schemes, bairavav is commonly taken as governing t7]u irdXiv, in the sense *to use up, impoverish by expenditure'. In favour of this rendering a passage is quoted from An- tiphon, de caede Her. 719, dvdpa 6v e^a-Travqaav, *whom they had exhausted with torture', and the meaning is said to be common in late Greek. On the other hand it is simpler to retain the usual sense of hairavav^ *to spend', and to make Ti]v irbXiv the subject before the infinitive, KaraX. being taken closely with ^ovXrjraL. The sense will then be, 'if he wished, by occupying them, that the city should incur expense'. This view is supported by the fact that Thucydides uses SaTraj'at' in other passages without an accusative following ; dirb tCjv avrCov daira- vdvTeSf i. 141; ttws ov ^Xdj3r] dairavav ; iii. 46; ov ^ovX6[Mevoi dairapdvj vii, 29 ; dairavicpTes is Totavra, viii. 45. 18. 8ia<|>op6v Ti — 'a place of importance*, lit. 'which made a difference ' ; so rd idiq. Std^opa, * private interests ', 40 KOTES. i. 68. The statement is strengthened by the addition of eripov fiaXXov, *more than (any) other'; so 5ta0epoVrws rt fxaXkou CT^pov, 1. 138. 20. xal To^s M€aKT'r]pCa — the fortress of Pylus was at the northern extremity of the bay, the harbour being the bay itself, which was rendered secure by the island of Sphac- teria. The island lay north and south across the bay, leaving two narrow entrances which the Lacedaemonians now proposed to block up. Sphacteria is most probably the Sphagia of ancient writers and of modern days, but the description given by Thucydides is not free from topographical difficulties. See note on ch. 3, 13. 25. TrapaT€ivo-uo-a — * stretching along' : reivco and its com- pounds are sometimes used intransitively of geographical po- sition. 6771)5 iiTLKeijjLipTj, lying close oil ' ; so is rds iirLKeifiii/as vrjaovs, iv. 44. 27. TTJ \Lkv.. .TTJ 81 — ' at one point — at the other '. didirXovy, * a passage for two ships (abreast) ' ; the accusative is in appo- sition to the preceding ^cnrXovs. i} dWr] ^Vetpos is the main- land on the south of the harbour, which was now occupied by the Lacedaemonians. 30. Kal fie7€9os — * and in its length was about 15 stades pretty nearly ' ; both Trepl and fjidXio-Ta are used in the sense of * about' to give dimensions roughly. Fifteen stades would be about 3000 yards, whereas the modern Sphagia is said to be upwards of 2| miles in length. 31. avTiTTpcSpois — 'with the prows facing the enemy'; so dvTLirpdpov'i, ch, 14, 3; j/^es dvTLirpwpoL ipL^aXKoficmt, 'ships 48 NOTES. struck bow to bow', vii. 34; rb auTlirpbjpov ^uyKpovcrai, 'ram- ming stem-on', vii. 86: conversa et minaci fronte, Tac. Hist. ii. 14. The entrances were so narrow that it was possible to close them by placing the ships side by side with their beaks pointing outwards; ^v^-qv, 'closely', from /3ua> 'to stuff full'. On the other hand in 413 the Syracusans closed the mouth of their harbour by anchoring their ships cross- ways (7rXa7ta4s), having a much wider entrance to secure, vii. 59. 35. ovTw •ydp — 'for so, they considered, both the main- land would be hostile to the Athenians and the island, which did not admit of landing'. ^aeaOai, like the subsequent e^eiv and €Kiro\LopK7}(TeLVy depends on the sense ' they hoped, they expected' supplied from the preceding sentence ; see note on iTrl TOVTo yap ^vveKTrXevaat, ch. 3, 10. For ^xoytjai/ see note on Trpoa^o\y]v ^x^v ch. 1, 6 ; similarly ovx ^^eiv bdev, line 38, means * woiild not present a point from which '. 37. Tct 7dp avTTJs ttJs IIvXo-u — the coast to the north of the bay, facing the main sea. This offered no harbour where the Athenians could establish a naval station, such as was occu- pied by the English at Balaclava. The island of Sphacteria was held by the enemy's troops, as was also the mainland to the south forming the shore of the bay. Thus the Athenian fleet would be unable to succour their countrymen in Pylus, and the latter being unprovided must shortly surrender. 39. avXais — 'with poor shields and for the most part wicker'. Here we must either regard re as out of place, re and Kal coupling iOeXoofjLep re fxelvaL Kal fjLr)...KaTa7rpo5ovpai,, ch. 10, 9» 8. Ik Xrjo-TpiKTis — * from a predatory thirty-oared boat and a pinnace belonging to certain Messenians who happened to have arrived'; doubtless Messenians from Naupactus, who were plundering the Laconian coast. Both Xrja-TpiKrjs and rpLaKovTopQv are adjectives agreeing with vews understood; Ke\7}'5 being mascuhne, it is possible that ot may refer to the two vessels instead of to 'M.eaa-qvlwv, A /ceX?;? or KeXrjTLoy is men- tioned as accompanying a trireme, iv. 120. 10. oirXtraC t€— ' of these Messenians were made up about forty heavy-armed men ' ; yiypofiai is very commonly used of numbers in the sense of amounting to; ai Tracrat e'^ibofx-qKovra iyhovTO, ch. 23, 16; cf. ch. 39, 1. 12. ToiJS H-^v o5v iroXXovs — 'the greater part both of those without (full) arms and of those who were armed'. By dVXa is denoted especially the full equipment of a heavy-armed soldier {bir\lTrjs) 'y so oTrXct ^x^vres, ch. 33, 16. We are hot told the total number of the men under Demosthenes, but we can make an approximate calculation. He had forty Messenians, and the crews of three triremes. A trireme was manned by about 170 rowers {vavTai), some half-dozen officers, and a certain number of iTTLSdrai, heavy-armed men serving as marines. Of these last there were at this time 10 to each ship, according to Arnold's note on iii. 95: Classen says 20: see also Grote, vol. iv. ch. 49. "When the two ships were sent to Zacynthus their eTn^draL may have been left at Pylus. Thus the whole Athenian force amounted to about 600 men, the greater part hastily and imperfectly armed. 15. diroX€|d[Ji€vos — 'having picked out for himself': the middle participle is similarly used with ai)r6s, v. 8. 16. '4^(0 rov rd\ovs — Demosthenes expected that the de- scent of the enemy would be made on the point beneath the walls of Pylus, outside the bay and looking toward the main sea. 17. €S x^P^* }i^v...ficov, iii. 37. Clas- sen in both cases follows the manuscripts and omits the rela- tive. 13. r-TrbxcopTjcracri Se — * though if we once give way we shall find that, hard though it be, it is easy enough if there is no one to bar the road '. uTroxwpTyo-ao-i, sc. tj/jllv, i^ an ethical dative (dativus incommodi); the aorist= 'when we have once yielded '. Case and tense are similarly used in ii. 62, dWwv d iiraKOTjaacn Kal rd irpoaKeKTrj/xipa (pcMTu iXaaaovadai, 'when men have once CHAPTER X. 55 Bubmitfced to others (know that) they soon find that what they have gained diminishes ', ciiTropov, * a:ffording an easy path (to the enemy)'; eHiropoi/ duivat, iv. 78, 'easy to traverse'. 15, jA-q pttStws oiJo-T]? — ' return not being easily open to him '. The adverb has better manuscript authority than padias ; cf. aTTO^da-eojs fxd\ipovov(JL fikv r}[xas VTroixevov(n bk oH, vi. 68, ' they despise us but will not endm^e our attack'. 26. €i8ofi.€Vovs — 'sparing planks'; speaking con- temptuously. So Mardonius called the defeat at Salamis ^^jXwp dycov. *It is not timber', he said, 'which will give us suc- cess but horses and men', Hdt. vlli. 100. 20. irepiiSetv ireTroLTjjievovs — 'to allow the enemy to have made'. The perfect participle points to the fact that the work had been actually constructed, and Brasldas calls on his soldiers to avenge the wrong ; so irepude'iv rr]v yiju T/JLrjdetaav, 11. 18, ' to allow the ravaging of the land to be unavenged'; irepLoypeadai rd (T(p€T€pa dias iiriirXovs iiroLovPTOy ch. 11, 12, ' they made their attack ', ttjv dianav GiroL-qaavTo, i. 6, ' they passed their lives ', jxaWov ttjv KTrjaiv r(2v xpT/^uarwi' TTOLoiixevoif i. 8, ' increasing their wealth ', etc. ih. iTT^iravvTo — the pluperfect shows that the Lacedae- monians had already given up the attempt to force a landing when they sent to Asine. Arnold has a good note on a similar pluperfect irapeUbovro, iv. 47. This construction occurs, he says, ' when the writer wishes to describe the first in time of two events, as not only preceding the other, but as preparing the way for it ; so that in describing the second event he may place the prior event before the reader ^s mind at the same time, as that without which the notion of the second event would be incomplete'. 3. Iirl IvXa Is jjiT]xa.vas — ' for timber for military engines '. irapiTrefjLxpavy 'sent along the coast'. Asine appears to have been round the promontory of Acritas (Cape GaUo) on the shore of the Messenian bay. 4. IXirC^ovTes IXciv [ATixctvats — ' expecting that though the CHAPTER XIII. 61 wall over against the harbour was of some height, yet as landing was here most practicable they could take it by means of engines'. In construction iXiri^ovres governs both ^x^iv and €\e2v, though in sense the idea of hoping refers only to iXetv, €\7ri^ovT€s eXetf, * hoping to take'; for the aorist infinitive see note on 9, 20. /uLdXio-ra oi/Vr/s; so fxy pq^dlcos oijffr]^, ch. 10, 15. t6 Kara top Xifxiva reixos^ in that part of the fortress which faced south, inside the entrance to the harbour. 7. irapaYCTVovTat ircvriiKovTa — * arrive, to the number of fifty'. TeaaapaKovTOL has the best manuscript authority, but fifty is the number required, for we find that the arrival of twenty ships made the fleet amount to seventy, ch. 23, 16. Thirty-five ships had sailed to Zacynthus (ch. 5) and two had been despatched thither by Demosthenes. Naupactus had been an Athenian naval station since its capture thirty years back, 1.103. 12. diropTJo-avTcs ottt) KaOopfxCcrwvTai — * finding no place in which to come to anchor ' : so vofxlaavTes diropeiv Siry Si^X^wci, i. 107. KadopfiiaotjvTaL is the subj. of doubt or deliberation. It is not uncommon after a past tense, as well as after a present : see note on ch. 1, 12. 14. T]vXC(ravTO — 'took up their quarters'; the Greeks if possible landing from their ships not only at night, but even to take their meals; see ch. 26, 11; 30, 4. 15. Tjv ti^v...€7r€0"ir\€v;- vorafilciL dpxv, i. 96. In the last two instances the title attached to the office is in apposition with dpxv- By a similar usage we say the government, the church, the board, the great powers, etc. from a natural tendency to regard the office more than its incumbent in speaking of things which have an official rather than a personal bearing. ib. (as €Tri — ' on the strength of, under circumstances of. 4. pov\€V€iv — *to deliberate', so very often in Thuc. ; in aor. 'to resolve '. ry irXeto-Ta cv ^ovXeijovn, iii. 42, however means * to him who advises best '. According to the general use of such words the active would mean to 'give counsel', the middle to ' take counsel ', or deliberate. irapaxpVM^ct, ' at once, seeing (the actual state of things) ' : irpos to xpW^ i^ also read, but on worse authority. 5. TijJLwp€tv — 'to help', with dat.; in mid. with ace. to punish. See diet., and note on dfjLtjveadat^ eh. 1, 15. 6. Ti TraGeiv — * that anything should befall them ', i. e. that they should die ; so ch. 38, 10. Many manuscripts read ^ before KpdryjdrjvaL, giving the sense ' that they should run the risk of death from famine or from being overpowered by numbers, or of being taken prisoners'. 9. TCI -JTcpl IIvXov — 'as concerns Pylus'; an adverbial expression, cf. note on tol Trpos ro ir^Xayos, ch. 23, 13. CHAPTEB XYI. 1. Tov X670V — 'the proposition'; 5ex- Tbv Xoyov, v. 37. The plural ' propositions, terms ' in general is more commonly used. iyiyvovTOy 'was made'; impf. because the writer now gives the terms which the contracting parties proceeded to arrange, a matter taking some little time ; on the conclusion of which he uses the aor. iyhovTo, line 22. CHAPTER XVI. 67 2. ToiaCSe — * on the following terms '. The conditions are given in the ace. and infin. construction, ' The Lac. to give up, etc.', *it is agreed' being understood. The same construction is followed in citing laws, decrees of the assembly, etc. 4. jiaKpaC — i.e. ships of war, opp. to volvs o-rpoyyijXy], ii. 97, 'a round ship', i.e. with a capacious hull, fit for conveying cargo. 6X/cas and ttXolov are also terms applied to merchant ships. 5. ^irXa [JL-q lirKJ). — with dat.; ^AOrjvaiOLS oirXa evri^. iv. 78, etc. ; iir' ^Adrjvaiovs^ v. 18, etc. 8. TttKTov — adj. from rdaacj, 'fixed in quantity' ; r. dpyijpiop, iv. 65, * a fixed sum', jxeixayixivov, 'kneaded', i.e. prepared and probably ready baked. The amount specified is a day's allow- ance. xoii't^ = Ts- Af^5t/ij/oj, about a quart; kottuXtj, about half a pint. Tw^o xotVt/ces of meal and one kotijXtj of wine was the portion sent to the houses of the Spartan kings when they did not dine at the public table, Hdt. vi. 56 : one x^^^^^ of meal a day, according to commentators, was considered a slave's proper allowance. Kp^as, 'meat'; no particular quantity is specified. It may be conjectured that some words giving the measure have been omitted, or that Kp^as means a portion of meat of definite size. Kriiger quotes iyhero eKaarcp tjjjlQv rpla Kpia, Xen. Cyr. ii. 2, 2. 13. 60. oif to avTo forms the predicate to 6 ti, * (as) being at the same time {rd avro) advantageous to you', ro avrS, cf. to K\4- o)vos TO avTo dlKULOP Kal ^rj/jLcpopof, iii. 47, *Cleon's coincidence of justice and interest': so viros fortes et magnanimos, eosdem bonos et simplices esse volumus, Cic. de Off. i. 19, 63 = 'at the same time*. 4. Is Ti]v Sup-^*- — *^^ respect of, in relation to*, ws ^k Tu>v wap., * as far as present circumstances will admit'; d?s e/c tQv Trap. crvvTa^djuLevoL, vi. 70, ' forming their ranks as well as they could'; ws e/c tCov dvvdTCJu, ii. 3. In such expressions Ik gives the origin from which the result spoken of arises, and in accordance with which it is characterized. Kbapiov, 'honour, credit'; Kdafios /caXcDs tovto dpdv, i. 5; ^(pepe ol Kdo-pLov, Hdt. viii. 60. 6. ptaKporlpovs — pred., with fjLr)K., 'prolong to greater length (than is our wont)', ov negatives wapd to eicjdbs only, and does not affect the rest of the sentence ; the sense of which is, 'our speaking at length wiU not be contrary to our custom'. Grote (vol. iv. ch. 52) misunderstands the sentence, saying that the envoys 'prefaced their address with some apologies for the brevity of speech which belonged to their country', whereas in fact they give reasons for departing from it. The laconic style of speech was proverbial. It was in accordance with the character of reserved and self-contained strength which the Spartans were careful to keep up, ib. dXX* lirtx.wpiov ov — lit. * but (we shall do so) it being our country's custom, etc.', i.e. w^e shall be carrying out our principles by speaking at length on a due occasion, iirtx. ov stands in opposition to irapd Tb eiwdb^. The construction is accus. abs., \i\6T€pa — i. e. for the better or the worse ; so i. 83 ; ii. 11 : yuer^TrtTrre ra irpdyixcira. iir^ a/-t06re/)a, Dem. Lept. 471. 18. 8iKaioC €lT€poi — ' though we formerly thought ourselves more able to grant that for which we are now come, making our request to you'; cf. vfids alTLcoripovs 7]y7](rovTaL, ch. 20, 10; rjs vvv vixeh rh ir\iov K^pcoi ecrre, ib. 12, ' which now rests with you in the greater measure'. vo/uLi^ovres is imperfect in sense, 'we had been thinking' (till this hap- pened). 5. ovT€ 8vv. €v8€ta...ovT€ "uppCcTavTcs — 'neither from de- ficiency of strength, ...nor because we became arrogant', iird- 6o/jL€i/ avrdj 'it befell us', i.e. that we should be thus obliged to sue for terms. avT6 and avrd are not uncommonly used 72 NOTES. in this way, to denote the circumstances, or state of things spoken of in the context; e.g. ovk 6 dovXoxrdfiepos dXX' o 5v- vdfjievos fJL€v iravaai irepLopCov bk dXijdearepov avrb 5/)^, i. 69, i. e. is the true cause of the allies being enslaved, ixei^ovos, sc. Suvd/Acws. irpoay.f 'being added', opposed to erSet^, 'falling short'. 6. diro 8^ TuJv del virapxdvTWV — sc. iirdO. avrb, * going upon, starting from, our regular resources ' ; dirb avrnraXov irapaa-KevTJSf ii. 91, etc. yvojjUir} acpaK^pres, 'failing in our calcu- lations '. yviofjLT}, denoting generally * what one has in one's mind', is used in various shades of meaning implying reso- lution, judgment, opinion, etc. Here it means the calculation which the Spartans had formed that they could easily recover Pylus ; cf. ch. 5. For the dat. yvoyfiri Poppo compares yvdofiri dixapretv, vi. 78 ; (T(f>a\€7(rL yvib/Mrjs occurs ch. 28, 27 ; so fffpakhres 56^7js, iv. 85. Similarly we say disappointed i?i, or disappointed of, our expectations. 7. ev (S — 'in which matter', i.e. in the liability to fail. Tracrt virdpx^i-, * tte same (chance) a\vaits all alike'. 9. TToXcccs T€ Kal T(3v irpoo". — ' of your city and its acqui- sitions ', that is of the dominion which Athens had gained during late years, perhaps referring also to the recent success at Pylus. The omission of the article with xoXews is noticeable, especially with rr)v preceding. We have ^vvoLKiadelffrjs irbXew^, i. 10; irbXiv Kal oldas Trapddore, ii. 72, etc., in each instance of a definite city. The explanation seems to be that words like TToXts acquire in such cases a definiteness like that of a proper name, and therefore do not need the article to define them further. So we often have Traides Kal yvvatKcs without an article, as in i. 89 ; so MvTiX^ijvaiojv reixn KadetXov nal vavs irapiXa^ov, iii. 50; so /jL^aov k.t.X. ch. 31, 9. In the pre- sent sentence ttoX. Kal tQv irpoa. taken together make up the idea ' of your present empire '. ih. TO TTJs Tv^Tis — 'what belongs to fortune' ; also found vii. 61 : rd rrjs rvxvh ^^' ^^ 5 '^°' "^^^ ^PJV^) ii* 6^* 10. o-. diaffai means ' to reckon as doubtful', nOivai is meaning ' to put down to, count among', while the middle gives the sense ' in their own case': so iv Ti/Jifi riderai, Hdt. iii. 3, 'holds in honour'. The clause then means 'who safely reckon their gains as doubtful', i.e. know they may lose them again, and so run no needless risks, 11. Kal...Trpoo-4>^poiv'ro — by most editors taken as a paren- thesis, 'now these same men would, etc' Others take it as a second clause with oltlvcs, 'and who would also, etc.', making 01 avTol a predicate like rb avrd, ch. 17, 3. This however merely gives the somewhat feeble sense that prudent men would be more likely to act with prudence ; and the former . 1 Madvig, § 5 is » Madvig, § 111, Yr, 74 NOTES. view is preferable. irpocrcpipecTdaL 'to Lehave oneself towards, deal with'; irpbs rb. Trpdy/nara irpoaoio-ovTai, vi. 44; more cora- monly used of dealing with persons, either with dat., as v. Ill, or with a prep., as v. 105, etc. 13. Tov T€ irdXcfiov — ' and as regards war, are convinced, etc' Instead of the aor. indie, to correspond to W^vto, we have vo/uLiacoaL, as if o'ltlpcs dV had gone before. Such a subj. with dv is equivalent to the Latin 2nd future, ' shall have taken the view', i.e. once for all. The position of irbXeiiov is in favour of regarding it as the subject to ^vvelvaL', in which case ToijTi^ must refer either to tls or to fx^pos^ the meaning being either 'that it abides with this man', or 'that it restricts itself to this part'. The former gives the better sense, that ir6\€fjLos is a potent thing, which when once called up, can not be got rid of at pleasure. So war is as it were personified in such expressions as irSXepLos iJKco-Ta iwl prirols x^P^t, i. 122, * proceeds least of all on fixed conditions'; ttoXg/jlov iTriovra dfjLiJvea-daL, ii. 36. Some editors take tls as the subject of ^vpelvac and ToiJTOj as referring to TroXe/jLos or jmipos, ' that a man can deal with this', viz. with war, or a particular part of it: but this is more than doubtful in construction, though it gives a reasonable sense. 15. aXX' (OS dv — ' but (that it abides with him, ro^jTip ^vp.) just as, etc' al rvxai, * the phases of fortune'. avrCou, neut. governed by ri^xat, referring either to the different stages of the war (fiipr)), or generally to rd rod iroX^jjLov; cf. note on line 5. 7)yr](T 03V rati * may have led the way '. By some avrCov is taken as masculine, governed by T^yfiaiavraL, ' may have led them (those engaged in war) on', the sense of cLirCbv being supplied from tls. ih. Kal IXdxio'T dv — in this sentence we have metaphors derived from stumbling {irTaiovTes), standing upright (t

v'y<»'Cv — dependent on ^LaKivdweijeadaL, 'whether they might escape', the optative of deliberation after a past tense ; like eirrjpovTo el irapabdiev^ i. 25, ' asked if they were to give up'. It carries back the idea of 7)y ovixevoi to the time when the Lacedaemonians decided to send their envoys. G. T. 6 76 NOTES. ih. TrapaTvxovo-Tjs — cf. iraphvx^v 6 KaipSs, iv. 103 ; ews dV TLs irapar^xv dia^vyrj, viii. 11, 'till some means of escape offer ': so irapairiaoL, ch. 23, 18. 7. jAciXXov dv x^i-pwO^icv — 'they might be likely to be still more reduced within your power'. The construction is slightly changed by the introduction of av with the optative ; the Lacedaemonians not choosing to speak of the capture of their countrymen except as a matter of contingent possibility. 9. avTajj.vv6fi.6vos — ' retaliating ' ; line 14 ; iii. 84. 10. liriKpaTTJo-as rd ttXcco — 'having proved victorious in most points of the war '. For ra 7rX- ■^'/. 77 that there is no similar example in good Greek ; Kriiger sug- . gests the plpf. irpoaed^deKro in pass, sense, fierp'nas ^vva\\ay% ,- 'shall agree upon moderate terms'; ^waWayijvaL irpbs toiis Aa/c., viii. 90 : in act., v. 45, ' to settle differences '. 14. o^eCKoiv — * being bound, being under obligation '. dv- TaTTodovvaL dperrjv, * to show generosity in return ' ; cf.es dcpei- ' \7]fxa Tr)v dperrjv air odd)a(av, ii. 40, 'as an obligation'. aiax^^Vf the ' sense of shame ' which makes a man shrink from doing what would be dishonourable : it may sometimes be rendered honour or self-respect. epLfiiveiv oTs ^vv^dero, ' to abide by the agreement he made '. 16. irpos Tovs p.€it6vop. fJL€T. KaTaTi0€ji€VT]s — ' our disaster being settled on tolerable terms ' (Arn.); so Karad-qaopLeda iroXepiov, i. 121, ' we will settle or conclude the war ', opposed to eyelpopLev : rhv iroke- ixov KUT^devrOj Dem. Fals. Leg. 425. We have rb a^^repov dirpeires eS drjaovTai, vi. 11, = ' they will retrieve their honour ' : see also note on koKCos OeaOat, ch. 17, 13. KaTarideaOaL com- monly means to ' lay up in store for oneself, e.g. of depositing envoys in a place of safety, iii, 72 ; of bestowing a favour or benefit, i. 128, etc. 8. 8iaXXa'y<5jjL€V — 'let us be reconciled'; in act. Xe^ivovv' tIovs diaXkd^aL avToh, vi. 47, ' to reconcile the men of Selinus to them ', I Madv. § 103. CHAPTER XXL 79 10. iroXcp.ovvTai — according to Classen from iroXefjidcj, * they are made enemies ' ; olKeLoOrai re Kal iroXefxouTaL, i. 36, * becomes your friend or your enemy ' ; HepdiKKas ^7re7roX^/xwro, i. 57, etc. So far as form goes it might equally well come from voXejuLecj, which is often used in the passive ; e.g. iroXefjLovvTaii i. 37, ' they are attacked '. 11. d(ra<|)(5s oir. dpIdvTwv — 'without knowing clearly which of us began ', lit. ' from which of the two sides having begun (they are thus at war)'. With the adverb do-a^ws is connected an indirect question expressed by the gen. abso- lute with a verb implied, the phrase being equivalent to dbrjXov 6vTos oTTorepoov dp^dvTOJv (sc. TroXe/movuTcu). The following is a somewhat similar construction with gen. abs., dv ^x^lv /ze 0j, Tivos Trapadoj/Tos iptoTdre avrSv, Dem. Aph. i. 829, ' if he says I have it, ask him who paid it me ', lit. * by whose payment (I have it) '. The statement of the envoys seems somewhat at variance with facts, as it could hardly be supposed by any that the Athenians had begun the war. 12. Ti]v x*^P''V — ^the gratitude which they will feel for peace '. irpoaOria-ouai, ' they will put down, ascribe, pay'. 13. Ti'v T€ •yv(OT€ — ' So if you decide to accept our propo- sals ' ; re sums up and resumes the argument. Aa/c. ^^€(ttlv, ' it is in your power to become friends to the Lacedaemonians ' ; (piXovs refers to vpuv, see note on ch. 2, 10 ; here this construc- tion avoids confusion. In the following clauses avT^v re irpoK, (gen. abs.) refers to the Lacedaemonians, while xa/Jitra/x^j'ots and ^laaafxivois belong to vpuv. 16. TcL €v6vTa aYaOd — ' the advantages involved '. Note the position of rd ev. dy., and r6 dXXo 'EAX. line 18; the most important words being put early in the clauses for the sake of emphasis. 17. ravrd-XcY- — * holding the same language ', i. e. pursuing the same policy ; so rb a^irb Xeyovres, V. 31. to ye dXXo 'EXX??- PLKOPj 'the rest of the Hellenic race''; rd fi^y., cogn. ace. after TifJLTjaeL, ' will hold (us) in the highest honour '. CHAPTEE XXI. 3. ^ eirtOvfjieiv — imperfect, * had been desiring '. In con- struction all the infinitives in this sentence depend on vo/xL- ^ovresj but in sense the idea of thinking belongs particularly to 80 NOTES. hi^eadai. and d7ro5c6(reiz/. The meaning is ' the Lacedaemonians thought that, as the Athenians had all along been desirous of peace, they would now be glad to make it '. iXiri^ovres rb tclxos v^os fxh ^X^^^i diro^. d^ oiicryjs eXecp, ch. 13, 1, where see the note. o'0wj' dk iv. , so in vii. 18 we find the Lacedaemonians admitting that they had forced on the war, and incurred the guilt of refusing negotiations. In 430, the second year of the war, the Athenians had made fruitless proposals for peace, ii. 59. 7. IroifJLovs — according toPoppo, Classen, etc. fern, agreeing with (TTTovdas, ' ready for them '. There is good authority for rT^es iToiiLLoi, viii. 26, and iroLjuLos fem. is found in Hdt. and Dem. Elsewhere however Thuc. has eToifxr); for which reason Kriiger takes eToljuLovs as agreeing with Aa/c. In this view iroLeiadaL does double duty, and has to be understood after €Toi/j,ovsj 'thinking that the Lacedaemonians were ready to make the truce etc' The subject of ^ovKojvTaL is of course the Athenians and irpbs avroiis denotes the Lacedaemonians. 9. IvTJ^e—' urged on'; ch. 24, 5, note. KXioyv 6 KX^aii^. Cleon is first mentioned by Thucydides in iii. 36, where he urges the necessity of putting to death the whole of the revolted My- tileneans (b.c. 427). He is then described as u)i/ koI is rd dWa /5tat6raTos tlop ttoXltQv tQ re Sti/m^ irapa ttoXi) if t($ rbre iriBavo}' raro?. It appears from Plutarch (Nic. ch. 2) that he had al- ready come into notice during the lifetime of Pericles. It is difficult to form a just estimate of the character of Cleon. He is known to us mainly through Thucydides and Aristophanes, the former certainly not his friend, the latter his avowed and bitter enemy. There can be little doubt that he was loud, overbearing, and violent; but he seems to have been by no means without patriotism and political ability. At the pre- sent time he was undeniably right in insisting upon substantial concessions before giving up the advantage which the Athe- nians had gained ; though his conduct was such as to render successful negotiation almost hopeless. S-qjjia^co'yos — 'leader of the people', a word not used else- where by Thucydides. It is not necessarily used in a bad sense, but merely implies that ascendency in the popular as- sembly which Cleon had acquired by his confidence, readiness, and power of speaking. In the same sense Pithias tov drj/xov vpo€i(rTr)K€L at Corcyra, ii. 70; and Athenagoras is caUed Stj/jlov TrpocrTOLTTjs at Syracuse, vi. 35. Such influence being readily CHAPTER XXL 81 open to abuse, the word demagogue has not unnaturally come to mean, as defined by Johnson, *a ringleader of the rabble ; a popular and factious orator '. 10. T(p TrXi^Oei irwO. — * most influential with the people'; so vi. 36. Similarly Athenagoras was wLdavdoTaTos rots ttoXXols, vi. 35. iridavds, * persuasive ', is also applied to arguments, \6yous OavjULaaicos cos tt. ^Xeyev, Dem. Lacr. 928. 13. Kop.i(r6TJvat 'A9T]vat€ — 'to be taken to Athens'. Ac- cording to Liddell and Scott the forms ^Adriva^e, ^Adrjprjdev, ^Adrjvrjaiv * are more Attic than els 'Adrfvas, etc' Thucydides sometimes uses 'Adrjva^e, jmixP'- ou 'Adriva^e TrejiKpOQaiy, iv. 46 etc. : 'AdrjV7](n occurs v. 47 in the words of a treaty. On the other hand we have e's rots 'Adijvas, ch. 16, 24, etc. : e/c tix^u ^Ae-rjvCbv ch. 16, 18; 22, 15, etc.; ev rah 'Ad-^vatSy ch. 27, 1, V. 43. ib. €XGovTO)v Be — gen. abs. see note on auTCkeybvTtov U^ ch. 3, 7. ctTToS. Aa/c., ' let the Lacedaemonians restore Nisaea etc., and then receive back their men '. In construction Aa/c. is subject to KOfiiaaa-dat line 17. diroSovTas-./AxaCav — these places were given up by the Athenians in accordance with the terms of the thirty years' truce concluded in the year 455, i. 115. Nisaea and Pegae were the chief ports of the territory of Megara. Troezen was the capital of a district in the E. of Argolis. What is meant by * restoring Achaia ', is however not so clear. The country of Achaia was an independent state, which in no intelligible sense belonged to the Lacedaemonians or Athenians, or could be 'given up' by the one to the other. In i. Ill we find certain Achaeans accompanying an Athenian force as allies: and possibly alliance and influence with Achaea may have been the point at issue. Otherwise either 'Axatau is corrupt, which is improbable, as it occurs in two similar passages ; or some par- ticular town is meant, the situation of which we do not know. 15. diro TTJs "irpoT. — 'from the previous convention', i.e. the thirty years' truce of 455. dirb gives the origin, from which a result follows; cf. ch. 30, 1; dir' avrovy 'therefrom', vii. 21. 16. JvTxwp. — 'having agreed to these concessions'. /carA, 'in accordance with, on the strength of. deop.ivo3v tl fidWoVf ' being in considerably greater need'; fxipos ri, ch. 30, 1, 4a 82 NOTES. great part '. The thirty years' truce was concluded after hos- tihties had gone on for three or four years, i. 103 — 115. 18. oiroo-ov dv — 'for so long a time as may seem good to both parties ' ; Itt; 5' dvai tols^ o-irovdas TrevTTjKoyTa, v. 18, * to be for fifty years ', CHAPTEE XXII. 1. JuvcSpovs.. .IXeo-Gai — ' but requested that commissioners might be chosen to confer -with them'. eXiadai, trans., the usual construction with words like /ceXei/w. (F(pLCFi, governed by ^vvidpovs. When the Athenians invaded Melos their en- voys were not brought before the general assembly {irpbs t6 ttXtjOos), but heard before the authorities and officials {ip rais dpxcus /cat roTs oXiyoLs), who are afterwards called oi tQv MrjXiuu ^vpedpoL, V. 85. 2. otTiv€S...|vji.pii(rovTat — future in final sense; va^tKov irapeaKe^a^ov 6 ri Trlix\povaLv^ iii. 16. Kara 7}(rvx^civ, as opposed to the tumult and hurry of the assembly ; jm-jd' eiueix&evTcs iv ^pax^l fJiopii^ ijfJLipas^ ^ovXevaufJiev aXXd Kad' iqcrvxiav, i. 85. 5. iroXi^s €V€K€tTO — *fell on them vehemently', like a mighty tempest or torrent : TiXujp iroXXbs ip^Keiro, Hdt. vif. 158 : KvTrpis yap ov P^'tv, 'even if they IV ere ready to make any concession'; tl ace. with ^vyx-, the two words forming the subject of idoKei 'seemed good'. It CHAPTER XXII, 83 does not appear what the Lacedaemonians were willing to con- cede, as they did not get a hearing. 12. jjLT]...8iapX'ri0a)criv — 'lest they should be represented injuriously to their allies '. dia^dWco, to set cross or wrong , means to slander or represent prejudicially; lleXoirowTjaiovs dia^aXelv is To^s"E\\7)vas, iii. 109, * to raise a prejudice against the Peloponnesians in the eyes of the Greeks', ^s denoting those to whom the report reaches and among whom it spreads ; 1] (TxoXaioTTjs dU^aXev avrdv, i. 18, *his slowness did him injury ' ; also with dat. ^ovXSfievos- avrbv roh IleX. dia^dWeiu, viii. 83. We have too the passive with dat. meaning lit. * to be set wrong with'; tVo. r^ Ttao-aKpipveL dia^dWoiPTo, viii. 83, ' that they might be set against Tissaphernes ' : dta^^XrjvTaL T(^ aibfjLari^ Plat. Phaed. 67 e : common in Bem. with Trpds. 13. clirovres Kal ov' rv\6vr€s — ' having made proposals and failed'; TrpoKoKecrdfJLevot iroWd /cat eU6ra ov- rvyxdvofiev, ii. 74. 15. dv€)(jMpr\a-av airpaKTOt — * withdrew without effecting anything'. Little else could be expected from the temper of both sides, and the way m which matters were managed. Cleon and the democracy are scarcely tobe blamed for demand- ing more than the Lacedaemonians seemed prepared to grant, while on the other hand a delicate negociation could not be car- ried on before the popular assembly. The conduct of affairs at this time seems to have rested chiefly with Nicias and his ad- herents, but they were powerless to force their views against the will of the people. According to Plutarch it was from per- sonal enmity to Nicias that Cleon persuaded the assembly to reject the truce, TrpoOvfxcjs bpQiv avrbv avpLirpdrTovTa toU AaK., Plut. Mc. 7, 527. Thucydides says nothing of the efforts of Nicias on this occasion, but he relates that in 422 he was most eager for peace, from his anxiety to preserve his own good fortune and name as a safe and successfiil general, v. 16. The impression which we form of his character is that he was a brave and careful commander when actually in the field, but disposed to magnify dangers and difficulties, and deficient in confidence and in a spirit of enterprise. He was also rich and prosperous, and 'had given hostages to fortune'. It is there- fore probable that if he had been one of the proposed ^iji^edpoi he would willingly have agreed to one-sided terms ; and Cleon showed both courage and statesmanship in opposing such au arrangement. 84 NOTES, CHAPTER XXIII. 1. 8i€\vovTO — the imperfect refers to the going on of the arrangements for ending the truce, or else the meaning is 'iras to come to an end', i.e. according to the agreement. Cobet proposes dteXiXwro *was at an end', that is, was terminated there and then by the arrival of the ship from Athens. This agrees with the words, eKBbvTwv bk ra^ re (xirovbas \e\vcr6at, /c.r.X. ch. 16, 20. 3. |vv€K€LTO — 'had been agreed'; ^vvheiTo avrois, iv. 68; Kara ra ^vyKeifieva, iii. 70, 'in accordance with the terms'; dirbX^yK. \6yov, viii. 94. Kecfxai is virtually the perfect passive oiTidrj/iiL; oi vojjloi Kdvrai, 'the laws have been enacted': ^vyKCi- fiaL therefore = the perf. pass, of ^vvTldrnxi. So Thucydides says of his history ^vyKeiTai, i. 22, 'it has been composed'. Here ^vviKetro is pass, of ^vvrideadaLy 'to make a compact, agree to terms'; ch. 19, 16; ivv^devro yj^etv, vi. 65, 'they agreed to come'. 4. l-yKXrfiiaTa — 'as ground of complaint', in apposition with the following accusatives, eiribpofxriv, 'a sudden attack', probably made by a small body; e(p6^T}v 6\Cy^'v ^PVI^V- The troops at Pylus were those who were iv x^P^V ^PV/^(pj while ohi re 6vt€s irepnrifjLTreLv certainly refers to the people at Athens. In order therefore to complete the sense we must understand either oven governed by ko/jllSt^p (or Tr€pLTrifjiw€Lp)f 'for men who were', or 6vtu)v, gen. abs., *the troops being' in a desolate position. Poppo gives a different explanation, that there is a confusion between the Athenians at Athens and those at Pylus, or that they are as it were identified, in which case ovres is understood with iv x^P^V ^P' 2. TaXanr- ^evoL, ch. 35, 13; so TeTaXaiircoprjjuLivoL, iii. 3, etc. Kal trtros, nom, to iairXet placed emphatically. eVTrXet, cf. ch. 39, 6, note. CHAPTER XXVII. 93 4. [XT] «v — *lest they should have winter stopping their blockade'; see note on avrCjv, ch. 14, 11. xet/xcoj/, here 'the winter season ', in line 11 it means stormy weather. iirLXdjSoL, 'came upon' and vvktos ctt. to ^pyov, iv. 96; in ii. 51, it is used of the attack of disease. 5. 6pc3vT€S — governs the two clauses rCov r€..Jcroix^v7]v, rbv re...€(T6f.Levov. afxa...7r€pL7refjLir€Lv is pajrenthetical, see note on line 1. The meaning is clear — 'the soldiers withal were in a desert place, and not even in summer could the Athenians send them adequate supplies', ovk eaopepov^ * would not be practicable'; see note on ottws fxy y, ch. 8, 23. 9. dXX' 'q\..€KTrX€T5oPovvTo Tovs AaK. — 'they feared with regard to the Lacedaemonians ' ; an extension of the common construction by which the subject of a subordinate sentence is made the object of the principal verb, as (^o^oiJimevoL Toi>s 'Ad. pL-rj^ ch. 1, 7. 6'n 'ixovrasy 'because they thought it was from having some strong point in their favour that they made no further overtures to them', tl hx^p^v, a source or point of strength; opcovres ovbh 1 TrXety iirl Toi)s di^dpas ; 5. TO cirl o-^ds ctvai — Nicias says * so far as concerns us \ c^ds meaning himself and his colleagues, ch. 9, 19. For ws elpai cf. los TraXaia eXvai, i. 21, 'so far as their ancient date allows'; iKU3v ehai, ii. 89, 'so far as my will goes': see also note on cas dircivy ch. 14, 18. CHAPTER XXVIII. 95 6. Xo-yo) |x6vov dcjj. — *only pretended to give up*. Xoyuj is opposed to '^py(^ or rd3 6vtl ; rep 8k Xdycp diridpao-av aurSv, i. 128, ' he pretended that they had escaped from him ' ; Xdycp jukv 87}fjiOKpaTLa, ipyip 5k virb rod irp(hrov dvdpbs dpxv^ ii« 65, of Athens under Pericles. 7. irapaSoxrcCovTa — 'wished to hand over the command*. The termination e/w is a desiderative formed from the futm^e ; rroXe/uLrja-eioj, * I wish for war ', from the future of TroXe/jLico, i. 33 ; diraWa^eiio, from fut. of dirciKKdccro), i. 95 ; vavfiaxw^i-oi^Tes from flit, of vavfiax^oj, viii. 79, etc.: dpaa-eico, Ar. Ves}-). The Latin termination urio has the same force, e.g. esuiHo, formed from esum supine of edo. duexc^pet, 'he began to draw back'. Kal ovK ^(pyj, 'and said Nicias was general, not he'; avrbs subj. to (TTpaT-qyeLv, nom. because referring to the subject of ^07/. 9. OVK dV olo[x. — *and never supposing that Nicias could have brought himself to withdraw in his favour '. ToX,adcj, used according to the context, of audacity, fortitude, hardness of heart, condescension, etc., implies in every case an overcom- ing of natural weakness or inclination. It may often be rendered * to have the heart ' to do something, ol, sibi, means Cleon, avrbv Nicias. dV, with roKfirjaaL. 10. €|Co-TaTO — 'renounced'; yjs {dpxrjs) ov8k iKaTTJvaL ^tl vfuu ^crnv, ii. 63, ' which neither can you now give up '. Notice the force of the imperfects in this passage : Nicias ' was ready to renounce ' the command, Cleon ' tried to back out ' of it, the people ' kept calling upon ' Nicias to hand it over, etc. 13. vTr€opah tous fieyiffTan i;0., ii. 61, seems to mean ' to endure even in the greatest misfor- tunes '. See also note on ch. 39, 13. 17. irapeXOwv — the usual expression for ' coming forward ' to address the assembly; Trap. Kal rore, iii. 41, Note oiir€...T€, ArjfjLPLovs /cat 'I/-tj8p., usually mentioned together; as in iii. 5, where they remain faithful to Athens on the occasion of the revolt of Lesbos ; v. 8, where they form a part of the force with which Cleon attempted to recover Amphipolis. 19. ot T^o-av €K T6 Ai'vov — for TreXradras re ot TJjav i^ Atvov ...Kai, K.T.X. re, which is grammatically out of place, connects in sense e/c re Aluov and aXkodev, as the two sources from which the auxiliaries came. 21. Tavra — 'this force', ivi-rreo-^, see note on ch. 4, 5. Ti Kal yiXcxjTos, ' something even of laughter ' ; (f)ipovTbs tl koX d6^7)Sf i. 5, of piracy, ^ even bringing some honour', rrj Kovtpo- \oyig,, 'at his light and boastful speaking', an unusual word. This is the first mention of laughter on this occasion, and it was excited simply by Cleon's boastful manner. There is no warrant whatever for the idea that the Athenians committed the incredible folly of forcing the command upon him by way of a joke. Plutarch says tols 5^ 'Ad, iir'^Xde yeXdaaL p^kya. pidWov 7} irio-reuaaL (Nic. 7), when Cleon ' added the date * {Trpoo-dLCjpLffaTo) of twenty days. Still the majority of the assembly seem to have believed that the attempt ought to be made, and that CLeon would succeed in it. Nicias and his col- leagues are however open to grave censure for entrusting the conduct of an expedition, from which they appear to have shrunk themselves, to a man of no military experience or capacity. If this was done merely in the hope of discrediting a political opponent, it would not be easy to find a more dis- graceful party manoeuvre. Possibly they may have considered the enterprise feasible, but were not unwilling that its risks should fall upon Cleon, while they knew that Demosthenes would be at hand to advise and direct. 25. ds dXiyovs dyuyfj, 5, 85, and might possibly mean the conveyance of Cleon' s forces and supplies, and therefore his voyage in general. For TroielcrdaL with subst. see note on ch. 13, 2. 6. rqv ciirop. Siavocto-Goi. — ' to contemplate the descent \ This is the only instance in Thuc. of diav. being followed by a substantive. Usually it takes the infinitive, or an adverb, as oiairep dievoouvroj iv. 75. We have however et ti 1)74^5 diavoovv- rat, ch. 22, 9; and ovdh vy. 5tai/. iii. 75. It does not therefore seem necessary to adopt Cobet's view that Troieladai has been here accidentally omitted. It has been suggested that some secret communications had ahready passed between Demosthenes and Cleon, which made the latter ready to undertake the expedition. It is at any rate clear that he did not take a leap in the dark, but had full information as to the state of things at Pylus. Thus he took with him a force of suitable character, and secured the help of Demosthenes, a brave and competent officer. 9. pc6jiT]v — ' confidence ' ; tols Aa/ce5. iyeyivrjTo pf^Mi "^ii* 18 : so ippujvTo is Toy iroXepiov, ii. 8, ' were confident and eagei; 98 NOTES. for the war'. 7; vrjaos i/jLirp.., *tlie island having caught fire'; cf. oi Aa/c. TT poenrdvr eSf ch. 26, 15 : so rip (tLtip eirLKLirbvTL eirU- ^ovTo, ill. 20, etc. 10. irpoTcpov {i^v — corresponding to this is rCov hk arpar.y ch. 30, 3, a long parenthetical passage being inserted, which gives the reasons of the previous hesitation on the part of Demosthenes. The island is described in similar words, ch. 8, 29. 13. -n-oXXw 7dp dv — either * if he landed loith a large army', or o-TparoTr. agreeing with airo^dvTL. irpocr^. avroijs, * they could fall on him from an unseen position and do him injury ' ; dv goes with irpoo-jSaWeiv. The ace. and inf. depend on €p6/iiL^€, or the sense supplied from it, the same construction lasting to the end of the chapter. 15. Tcls — note one article with two nouns of different humber ; so ttjv fxh 'yrju kuI oUia^ acpetvai, i. 143. Note also neut. plural hr}\a in agreement with the general idea of ' the enemy's situation '. 19. -Q povXotvTo — 'wherever they chose', represents after a past tense y dv ^oij\o3VTaL ; ' wherever they may choose '. cTT iKeivoLs yap, ' for the initiative would rest with them ' ; ttju iir. i(p' iavT(^ evbjXL^ev elvai, ii. 84, etc. 22. XavGdvciv t€ — 'and so their force though numerous would get cut to pieces unawares ', lit. ' would find itself being cut to pieces'; so wVre XavOdveiv rb kolvov (pdetpbixevovj i. 141. 23. ovK ovVt^s — 'it being impossible to see at what point they ought to keep each other ' ; so /at? ^x^^ tv^ irpbao\pLv tQiv iroXefjLLuv €K iroWov, ii. 89, ' not being able to sight the enemy at any distance '. Some editors in both passages write TrpboypLS in the sense of ' seeing in front ' ; the word occurs v. 8, where it means 'seeing beforehand'. The imperfect XPV^ Js nsed to correspond to the imperfect ivbfjLL^e, and the general sense of the passage, which deals with what Demosthenes had been thinhing up to the time of the fire, the imperfect infinitive with dv throughout the passage representing what in his view would have been happening if the attack had been made. So we have ^v 6' o'ubk ^v Kareart} ta/ma o tl XPW Trpocr(f>ipovTas d)(f)€\€iv, ii. 51 : ' there was no one single remedy, the appli- cation of which could be serviceable'. The present xp^ is often used in a similar way, cf. cl^. 34, 26. CHAPTER XXX, 99 CHAPTEE XXX. 1. diro 8^ To-u AIt. — the disaster -whicli Demosthenes sus- tained the year before, as related iii. 97, 8. The Athenians were deficient in Hght-armed troops, and after holding out for some time against an enemy who could not be brought to close quarters, but harassed them at every point, they finally took to flight. Many lost their way in a wood, and were destroyed by fire. The Athenians lost many of their allies, and 120 of their best hea^^-armed men. It is not a little remarkable that Cleon (ch, 30, 18) at once announced his inten- tion to bring troops of the very kind which Demosthenes had lacked in Aetolia, and which had operated against him with fatal effect. This certainly suggests the probability of some understanding between the two commanders. lb. (jLcpos Ti — *in a great measure', an adverbial use of the determinant accusative ; cf. ch. 16, 14 note, ovx iJKLa-Taj * mainly '. These are instances of fxeicjcns ; cf. ch. 13, 21. 2. etrijet — ' occurred to him ' ; fxaXXov avro^s eo-yei tol Sctm, vi. 30. 4. TTjs vijcrov Tots €* w...TT]pTJvyr] Kai dirox€iryovT€S t€ yap — explains ots fjurjd^ ctt. eKpdrovv, ' got the better', i.e. in speed. dvax^povcfLv, dat. participle; dvax. iv^KeivTO, ii. 79. 25. 7vw[jixi — 'plan' or 'design' as formed in the mind. ixivoei, 'planned'. CHAPTER XXXin. 1. Sircp Trfv irXeto-Tov, ' what was irt fact the main portion of the troops'; rb dk irXeiorov, ii. 4, 'the main body'. 5. €S x*^P*5 cXGciv — 'to come to close quarters': so tjv rj fiaxv €v xe/)(7i irdaa, iv. 43, 'the battle was fought hand to hand throughout '. lb. eg IvavrCas — 'opposite, in face';' ch. 35, 12, etc.: so e/c KatvTJs, iii. 92: ctTro rris irpdiT'qs, i. 77 etc. A fern, noun is sup- posed in these expressions, but it is not always clear what noun. 8. TTJ o-<|)€T. lixTTCLpCq. — ' tlicir special skill' as heavy-armed infantry; 5id ttiv ev ry iri^c^ ifiireipiav rci. irXeiio KaropOovvres, CHAPTERS XX XT 1 1. XXXIV. 105 11. -p jjidXio-Ta — lit. 'wherever especially', i.e. at any par- ticular point where : so tl fxaXto-Ta; 'what in particular?' The Latin use of maxime with turn, cum etc. corresponds to this. The opt. and imperf. Sixe frequentative. 12. Kal ot — so written here and in iv. 68, the word being demonstrative. ' And they turned and renewed the fight '. The imperf. shows that this happened repeatedly. ih. avOpcoiroi Kovcjxas re — two reasons are given for the success of the light troops ; their equipment enabled them to elude the enemy, and the ground was in their favour. The first reason is expressed by icxKevafffievoL and TpoX. in agree- ment with dvdpcoTTOL, the second by the dat. %u)piwv re x^X. k.t.\. It is therefore the second re which corresponds to Koucpojs re. It is however possible to take re and Kal as connecting eaKev. and irpoK. in which case x^P"' X^^^'^'^^V''- goes with vpoX. r?)s 13. irpoX. tt}s <()V7TJs — 'getting the advantage in their flight'; irpoOXa^e TroXXcp, vii.- 80, 'got far ahead', (fwyrjs is ex- plained as a partitive genitive: so iireraxwou ttjs odov, iv. 47, ' quickened on their road': TrpoXa/n^. ttjs bbov, Hdt. iii. 105. 14. x.<^pCcov T€ x^-^- — ' s-^^l from difiiculty of ground': x^P^^t various spots where a struggle took place. ib. Kal...ovTt«)v, either this means 'which also were', or Kal connects the dative x^X. with a gen. abs. ep. 6vto)v. In the latter case the construction is confused between xwptw^ re xaX. Kal rpax^TrjTL and x^/otwi/ re xaXeTrwt' Kal rpax. 6vtwv. A some- what similar irregularity is noticed on ch. 9, 17. 16. oirXa ^xovres — see note on ch. 9. 12. CHAPTEE XXXIV. 2. i]KpoPo\t6tcs — *and having themselves derived the greatest confidence', ry drj/ei, lit. 'from their seeing', i. e. the sight of their overwhelming superiority in numbers. 7. Jvv€t0io-[jL€vot — lit. 'being more habituated to the ene- my's no longer appearing equally formidable to them', i.e. having learned by now to dread their enemy less. 8. d'^ta TTJs irpocrSoKCas — 'corresponding to their expec- tation'; oudeif a^Lov ttjs TrapacTKevrjSf V. 60; so d|. ttjs SiavoiaSj vi. 21. 10. SeSovXcojjilvoi — ' cowed', like slaves before their mas- ters; 8ov\oL TO 0p6^'>7,cta, ii. 61. ws €7rl Aa/f. ' considering that they were going against Lacedaemonians', cf. note on ch. 2, 1. 11. dOpooi — with ejU/3.; arparbu ip.^. aOpoov, iv. 113; airb hhs KeXeOar/xaros ipL^. ii. 92, 1. 16. €xa>p€i iroXvs avo) — 'rose up in clouds', rb irpb auroO, * what was before one's self. 18. (f>€po}Ji^vcDV — ' pouring on them': ev x^^lJ-^vt Kovibprov kolI ^dXijs VTrb TTPevpLaros (pepofi^vov, Plat. Rep. 496 d. (pepeadai often = to move, as of the heavenly bodies, ib. 529 d. Sol incredibili incitatione /criwr, Acad. ii. 26, 82. ih. TO T6 ^p70V xcCk^tzhv — ' so now the struggle began to go hard with the Lac.'; cf. xaXeTrcDs dTrexv\. — called [x^pos tl ov ttoXiJ, ch. 31, 11. ratjTr}, 'at this point'. 10. 'Tr€pio8ov...€txov — 'could not surround and hem them in from the strength of the position'. ai/TdVy objective gen. with irepiodov and kvkXcoo-lv; so a(pCov, line 17. Words in cjctls have an active force ; KiJKXcoais, 'encircling', iXevd^pwcnSy 'set- ting free' etc. ovk elxov, i.e. had not the power of effecting. 12. wo-ao-eai — cf. ch. 4, 13. 13. Kal TTJs iiH" — 'and in fact for the greatest part of the day '. Kal not uncommonly thus gives a further definition ot explanation, sometimes even a correction, of what has gone before. It may then be translated by some such expression as 'in fact ', ' that is to say', etc. ; cf. Kal owep rjv, ch. 33, 1. 15. ot (Ji^v IgeXdo-ao-Bai — ' the one to dislodge (the enemy) from the hill, the others to maintain their ground ' : ^^e\. e/c T^s xc6/)as, vii. 5. 17. iv Tw irpCv — cf. ev Tip tStc^ ch, 12, 16. G. T. 8 i 108 NOTE^. CHAPTEB XXXVI. 1. airepavTOV— *when it proved endless ' ; sc. tlie struggle [to ^fyyov) or the matter generally. 3. dXXtos ^4>Ti TTovetv ds— see note on ch. 9, 19. The Messenian gaid dWcjs irovovfjiev, which is thus represented in oratio ohliqua. As the subject of iroveTv is not identical with the subject of l^r/, but much more extensive, the former is naturally put in the accusative ; and this is no violation of the principle by which aXXws TTovel becomes in orat. obliq. d'XXws ^(prj (avrbs) irovelv, Cf. Kriiger on voidaas KaTairpodidoo-OaL (r0as, iii. Ill, where he cites a large number of similar instances. 5. ircpuevai— after dovvai, cf. note on ch. 19, 2. 6. 80K61V ptd. — so iiriirXeov iK toO a(j>. i. 51. iK either means * starting from where he could not be seen', like dpfjL-qaavTes dir' avrrjSf ii. 19, or is used adverbially with toO d(p.; meaning 'so as not be seen'; so e/c rod (pavepov^ ck tov irpocpavovs etc. 8. Kard to del irapciKov — the meaning is that he made his way as he could find a passage from place to place along the cliffs. Kara, 'along, by way of, as inch. 26,30. irapeiKov, *- affording an opportunity or chance ' of getting along ; ottt; TrapeiKoi, iii. 1, 'whenever a chance offered', del, ' from time to time ', i. e. from point to point. 9. TTpoo-patvcov — 'making his approach'; also in iii. 22; iv. 129 etc. Some manuscripts have Trpo^aivcov, ' advancing '. 13. Iireppoxrev — 'gave fresh courage to': cf. note on pw/mri, ch. 29, 9. In pass. TroXXy fmWov eirippwvTo, vii. 17 etc. For force of €ttI cf. iTnaKevd^w, to repair, and see note on ch. 38, 7. 15. JviATTTwixaTi— a (rare) substantive from ^vixiriirTw, 'to fall out, happen' or 'to happen together'. It means therefore *a chance' or 'coincidence of circumstances'. aKodaiov cvixttt. CHAPTERS XXXVI. XXXVIL 109 Dem. in Dionys. 1295, means an unavoidable mischance : a-ij/x^ TTTw/xa, Ar. Rhet. i. 9. 32 'an accidental coincidence' (where see Cope's note) : as applied to disease it is our symptom. The verb ^vp^irea-e occurs iv. 68, 'It fell out at the same time'. ib. c«s...6lKd(rai — cf. note on ws elireipf ch. 14, 18. t(^ iv QepfjL., * as that at Therm.', dat. governed by t$ avrc^. 16. ^K€ivoC t€...oStoC T€ — taken by the majority of cditors as a parenthetical sentence. In some editions, however, there is no stop after ovroi re, which is taken as nom. to ovk^tl avrel' xov. According to this latter view the words ol AaK. k.t.\. are by a change of construction left without a verb, ib. €K€tvot — the Lacedaemonians at Thermopylae, ry drpdircij, 'by the path', known to all Greeks: see Hdt. vii. 213, seq. ovtol re, sc. biecpOdprjcraVf though as a matter of fact they were not all slain but compelled to surrender. 19. iroXXois T€ — two reasons for their giving ground, the one expressed by part, iiaxbixevoi, the other by dat. da6evel<}, 5id T7}v CLT. explains dcrdeveiq.. CHAPTER XXXVIL 1. YVo^s...oTL— followed, after an intervening clause, by the participial construction diav 'AdrjvaiojPf *the Athenians allowing no Lace- daemonian (to pass over) '. 15. 6 TcXevTatos 8ia'n'\€vd., he who (from time to time) came in the way was slain (on each occasion). CHAPTER XLI. 1. lpov\€vo-av — 'resolved'; see note on ch. 15, 4. 3. p^xpi' o^ — "^^^ subj. without dv; ch. 16, 17. 6. 01 Ik TTJs Navir. Mccftr. — see note on ch. 3, 13. ux is TrdrpLda ra^TTjv, lit., 'as into their native country in this'. In prose ovtos without the article is always predicative in force: ^x^^ touto e7r^7pa/A/m 'having this as an inscription*, not ' having this inscription '. 7. ^cTTi 70.9 -q IIvXos, K.T.X. — ^nearly similar words are used in ch. 3, 14, where we have the reasons for which De- mosthenes wished to occupy Pylus. 8. IX-qitov — instead of this Classen reads iXrji^ovTo on the ground that the word, which occurs six times in Thucydides, should always be in the middle voice : so iX-qi^ovTo roifs iv t-q vr^aop Kai ttoWol ^^Xairrov, iii. 85. 12. Kal <|)opo^}JL€voi — 'fearing lest .they should liave some of the institutions in the land still further revolutionized'; fearing, that is, a new insurrection of the Helots, or some other rising against their aristocratic rule. So, when the Athenians soon after this occupied Cythera on the south coast as well as Pylus, and threatened Laconia at various points at once, the Spartans were greatly dismayed, (j>o^oTuixevoL jmrj ff^iuL vedorepbv tl yhyftxi tCjp irepl Tr]v KardaTaatv, iv. 55, 'relating to their constitution'. 14. ^vS'qXoi dvoLi — sc. ov pq,d. (pip., 'to betray their uneasi- ness'; firj hdrjKoL ^are ^apvudfievoL, ii. 64, 'do not show your distress '. 17. <|>oiT«VT«v — ' though they often came'. For gen. abs. see ch. 3, 7. APPENDIX ON CHAPTEE XXX. 9. virovowv TrpoTcpov — the manuscript rendering of this sen- tence is i\ds Aa/c. line 8. The following explanation of the clause removes the ne- cessity for any alteration. It is given by permission of Pro- fessor Kennedy, by whom it was communicated to the Cam- bridge Philological Society. He considers aifrov to be the genitive, referring to rbv (tItov and governed by iXdo-ffoo-ij and translates * suspecting that he (Dem.) was sending in the corn for a smaller number than the corn itself \ i.e. smaller than corresponded to the rations imported according to the terms of the armistice. Besides retaining the manuscript reading, this gives an admirable sense. It is true that in ch. 16, lines 8 and 11, the words iKir^fiireiP and eairiinreLv are used of the Lacedaemonians J which is an argument in favour of toi)s AaK, being here also the subject of iairifiireLP. Professor Kennedy however points out that the Spartans would not be allowed by Dem. to convey the corn into Sphacteria themselves, and so to have constant intercommunication with their men on 116 APPENDIX. the island. Whatever the particular arrangements were, the rations would be delivered by the agency of the Athenians, and therefore eairiimireLv is here used of Demosthenes, who actually * sent in ' the corn. 10. Ti]v T€ VTJo-ov — I have adopted the transposition of the clauses tt^v re vT]aou...odaav and T6T€...Troi€lOTipa, iiri 17, 17 diitpoT^pwdev 1, 10 ai/ omitted 16, 17; 17, 7; 41, 3 cLv repeated 18, 16 dvaywy-fi 29, 4 di^aSeicr^at 14, 9 avairwu€Lv 11, 11 dva<7Tpi(f>€ * to involve ',1,6 future in final sense after rel. 8, 89 ; 22, 24 ZdKvvdos 8, 10 Tj'Vyjyivojv 1, 11 ^, ' wherefore ',1, 16 'Bidiv 7, 2 97V dpa 8,22; 18, 20 TJv jxkv^ el 8^ /JLTJ 13, 15 ijaadadaL 37, 7 rjavxiaVj Kard 22, 4 eaXd/JLioi 32, 8 0dXa(r(Ta)(TriXayos 24, 22 6aXdi(rraaeaL 28, 16; 39, 13 (pipcadai 34, 18 Xdpv^Bis 24, 19 xetyctco;/ 6, 7; 27, 4 Xeip 0-i.drjpa 25, 14 Xetpas, e? 33, 5 Xei'Povadai 19, 7 Xot^i^ 16, 9 Xtipav, Acarcl 14, 29; 26, 4 \j/7](pi^€ L' V...-..' SEP BTJb! f^^'U LD .>-B*-6l"* JAN 2 1967X1 1 ; MAR 14 '67'^^ ^'^•' LOAN DEPT. 'JAN 2 t 2003 \ LD 21A-50m-12,'60 General Library y^ 05181