MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY 
 
 KEN NO N 
 
 PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 

 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 t,<xJ2Jkn.. 
 
 Accession 8.5.9.'?./ / Class 
 
6 ?f. 
 
MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY 
 
 PREPARED BY 
 
 LIEUTENANT L. W. V. JfENNON 
 
 SIXTH INFANTRY, A. D. C. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 CAMBRIDGE 
 at tjje HttjerstUe 
 
 1890 
 
Ill 
 
 Copyright, 1890, 
 BY LIEUT. L. W. V. KENNON, U. S. ARMY. 
 
 The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A. 
 Electrotyped and Printed by II. 0. Iloughton & Company. 
 
Copy of Indorsements on Letter of Lieutenant L. W. V.Kennon, 
 (5th Infantry, to the Adjutant-General United States Army, of 
 June 28,1889, submitting Remarks relative to his Manual of 
 Guard Duty, submitted for the approval of the War Department. 
 
 HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES, 
 WASHINGTON, July 16, 1889. 
 
 Respectfully submitted to the Secretary of War, inviting- at- 
 tention to the history of this manuscript as shown in the within 
 letter and accompanying indorsements. I recommend that it be 
 submitted to the officer who may be assigned to the duty of con- 
 sidering corrections in the Regulations, as recently pointed to in 
 a memorandum from the Adjutant-General's office for the pur- 
 pose of harmonizing the Manual with the Regulations in their 
 final form. This being done, I recommend that the Manual be 
 published by the War Department for the government of all 
 United States troops- in the performance of guard duty. But I 
 am of the opinion that, while this Manual should conform to 
 general Regulations of the Army, it should not be incorporated 
 in them. The Regulations on this subject should contain the 
 general principles which are not liable to change, while the 
 Manual should be a detailed elaboration of the methods by 
 which these principles are to be uniformly carried into effect. 
 The details of the Manual may thus be changed, when found 
 necessary, while the Regulations remain unaltered. 
 J. M. SCHOFIELD, 
 
 Major-General Commanding. 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT. 
 
 September 30, 1889. 
 
 The Manual of Guard Duty, prepared by Lieutenant L. W. V. 
 Kennon, 6th Infantry, is approved "for the government of all 
 United States troops in the performance of guard duty," as 
 recommended by the Major-General Commanding the Army. 
 REDFIELD PROCTOR, 
 
 Secretary of War. 
 
 Official: SAML. BRECK, 
 
 Assistant Adjutant-General. 
 A. G. O., 
 
 October 2, 1889. 
 
 85977 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 THE " Duties of Guards and .Sentinels," first pub- 
 lished in 1884, passed through two editions. The 
 present Manual is a third edition of the same work, 
 the title being changed to conform to its official desig- 
 nation. 
 
 Some alterations have been made in the original 
 text, and considerable new matter has been added. 
 
 The compiler is indebted to many officers for criti- 
 cisms and suggestions which have materially increased 
 the value of the work. While grateful to all of these, 
 his thanks are especially due to Captain Charles King, 
 U. S. Army, Lieutenant-Colonel Robert H. Hall, 6th 
 Infantry, and the officers composing the "Tactical 
 Board." Most of what is new in the work was adopted 
 at the suggestion of this Board. 
 
 The formal approval of the Manual by the War De- 
 partment, it is hoped, will establish a uniform practice 
 in the performance of guard duty throughout the Army 
 and the National Guard ; for this object the Manual was 
 originally prepared. 
 
 October 11, 1889. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 ROSTERS 1 
 
 COMMANDING OFFICER 13 
 
 OFFICER OF THE DAY 15 
 
 OFFICER OF THE GUARD 17 
 
 SERGEANT OF THE GUARD 25 
 
 CORPORAL OF THE GUARD .29 
 
 MUSICIANS OF THE GUARD . . . . . . 39 
 
 ORDERLY FOR THE COMMANDING OFFICER . . .39 
 
 SOLDIER ON GUARD 41 
 
 ORDERS FOR SENTINELS ON POST 43 
 
 GENERAL ORDERS 
 
 PROPER . 43 
 
 FOR SALUTING . . 47 
 
 IN CASE OF FIRE OR DISORDER .... 52 
 
 NIGHT 52 
 
 SPECIAL ORDERS 58 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS 58 
 
 STABLE GUARDS (CAVALRY) 60 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER OF . . .62 
 
 SENTINEL OF 64 
 
 STABLE AND PARK GUARD (ARTILLERY) . . . .66 
 
viii CONTENTS, 
 
 PATROLS ... 67 
 
 COUNTERSIGNS AND PAROLES .67 
 
 FLAGS AND COLORS 69 
 
 COLOR LINE AND SENTINELS ...... 72 
 
 SPECIAL ORDERS FOR COLOR SENTINELS . . 73 
 
 PRISONERS 73 
 
 SPECIAL ORDERS FOR SENTINELS OVER . . 81 
 
 POLICE DUTY 83 
 
 ARTICLES IN CHARGE OF GUARD 84 
 
 REVEILLE AND RETREAT GUN 85 
 
 APPENDIX 1 86 
 
 APPENDIX II 87 
 
MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 ROSTERS. 
 
 1. A roster is a list of officers or men for duty, on 
 which record is kept of services performed by them. 
 In general, details for duty are made on the principle 
 that the one longest off is the first for detail. Details 
 made on this principle are said to be made by roster. 
 
 2. All details for service in garrison and in the field 
 shall be by roster ; but officers, or enlisted men, when 
 detailed, must serve whether a roster be kept or not ; 
 having performed the service, they may appeal to 
 superior authority if they deem themselves aggrieved. 
 
 3. The duties performed by roster are of three 
 classes : The first class comprises 1st, grand guards 
 and outposts ; 2d, interior guards, including stable 
 guards. The second class comprises 1st, detachments 
 to protect laborers on military works ; 2d, armed work- 
 ing parties on such works. The third class comprises 
 all duties and fatigues, without arms, in or out of the 
 garrison or camp. 
 
 4. The rosters are distinct for each class. Officers 
 are named on them in the order of rank. The details 
 
2 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 are taken in succession, according to the roster, begin- 
 ning at the head. 
 
 5. Lieutenants form one roster, and 1st and 2d lieu- 
 tenants are entered on it alternately. Captains form 
 one roster, and are exempt from ordinary fatigue du- 
 ties. A captain commanding a battalion temporarily 
 is exempt from detail, and duty falling to him passes. 
 Lieutenant-colonels and majors are on one roster, and 
 may be detailed for duties of the 1st and 2d classes, 
 when the importance of the duty requires it. In the 
 field their roster is kept at division and brigade head- 
 quarters. In a company, sergeants, corporals, and 
 privates form distinct rosters. 
 
 6. Officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates 
 take duties of the first class in the order stated, viz. : 
 the first for detail takes the grand guards ; the next, 
 the interior guards. The same rule prevails in regard 
 to details of the second class. In those of the third 
 class the senior officer takes the largest party. The 
 party first for detail takes the service out of camp. 
 
 7. When the officer whose tour it is, is not present 
 at the hour of marching, the next after him takes it. 
 When a grand guard has passed the chain of sentinels, 
 or an interior guard has reached its post, the officer 
 whose tour it was cannot then take it, but succeeds to 
 the tour of the officer who has taken his. When an 
 officer is prevented by sickness from taking his tour, 
 he becomes first for detail on being restored to duty. 
 These rules apply equally to non-commissioned officers 
 and soldiers. 
 
ROSTERS. 3 
 
 8. Duties of the first and second classes are credited 
 on the roster when the guards or detachments have 
 passed the chain of sentinels, or an interior guard has 
 reached its post ; fatigue duties, when the parties have 
 been formed and have entered upon the performance 
 of their duties. 
 
 9. Every officer, non-commissioned officer, or soldier 
 on duty of the first or second class, or who is next for 
 detail for such duty, takes, when relieved, the duty of 
 the third class that has fallen to him during that time. 
 
 10. Soldiers march completely armed and equipped 
 on all duties of the first and second classes. 
 
 11 . In the cavalry, horses are packed for all mounted 
 service. Dismounted men, and those whose horses are 
 not fit for service, are preferred for all dismounted 
 details. Mounted men are never employed on such 
 service, if the number of dismounted men is sufficient. 
 
 12. In the field, every enlisted man of the cavalry 
 detailed for dismounted service will, before he marches, 
 take to the first-sergeant of his troop his horse equip- 
 ments and saddle ready packed. In case of alarm, the 
 first-sergeant sees that these horses are equipped and 
 led to the rendezvous. 
 
 13. At every military post, and in every regiment 
 or separate battalion in the field, a post or camp guard 
 shall be detailed daily. It will consist, if practicable, 
 of two sergeants, three corporals, one musician, and 
 such number of privates as the commanding officer may 
 deem necessary. It will be commanded by a lieutenant, 
 
4 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 if possible ; otherwise by the senior non-commissioned 
 officer on duty therewith, under the supervision of the 
 officer of the day. 
 
 14. In commands wherein the several arms of the 
 service are united, the infantry, artillery, and cavalry 
 respectively perform their proportional share of the 
 garrison guard duty ; l except that a mounted battery, 
 serving with other troops, will furnish its own park 
 and stable guards, police, etc. Both officers and men 
 will be exempt from other details, and the men will 
 not be detailed for extra duty in the staff departments, 
 nor for duty interfering with battery duties, if it can 
 be avoided. 
 
 15. When the number of men at a post, available 
 for guard duty, becomes so small that it is necessary to 
 take men from a light battery for duty on the post 
 guard, the enlisted men of the battery will be divided 
 into two classes : 1st, the sergeants and drivers ; 2d, 
 the corporals and cannoneers. The first of these 
 classes will be detailed for stable and park guard only, 
 the second for the post guard. 
 
 16. Post and camp guards will be relieved every 
 twenty-four hours. The men will be usually taken pro 
 rata from all the companies of the command. In the 
 field, however, the commanding officer may detail an 
 entire company to form the guard. 
 
 1 The sergeant-major will deduct the number of men required 
 from each troop or battery for stable guard from the number of 
 men for duty in such troop or battery, when determining the 
 number of men to be furnished by it for the garrison guard. 
 
ROSTERS. 5 
 
 17. The following rosters relative to guard duty are 
 kept at post or camp headquarters, under the general 
 supervision of the commanding officer : 1st, of officers 
 of the day ; 2d, of officers of the guard ; 3d, of ser- 
 geants of the guard ; 4th, of corporals of the guard ; 
 5th, of musicians of the guard. The first two are kept 
 by the adjutant, the remainder by the sergeant-major. 
 
 18. Captains serve on the first roster. Lieutenants 
 may also be placed on the first roster with captains, at 
 the discretion of the commanding officer. 
 
 19. Lieutenants serve on the second roster. If there 
 be two officers of the guard detailed daily, two distinct 
 rosters may be kept, one for senior, the other for junior 
 officers of the guard ; or they may both be kept on 
 the same roster, at the discretion of the commanding 
 officer. 
 
 20. Officers serving in staff departments are or- 
 dinarily exempt from the performance of guard duty. 
 In case of necessity, they may, however, at the dis- 
 cretion of the commanding officer, be placed on the 
 rosters for such duty. Inexperienced officers may be 
 put on guard as supernumeraries, for the purpose of 
 instruction. 
 
 21. The details for officers of the day and officers of 
 the guard are usually published at parade, the evening 
 before their tour begins. When practicable, they are 
 also personally notified of their detail by a written 
 order. 
 
 22. The rosters of privates for guard duty are kept 
 
6 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 by first-sergeants of companies, under the direction of 
 company commanders. 
 
 23. The number of supernumeraries to be taken 
 from each company will be fixed by the commanding 
 officer. First-sergeants, in making their details, will 
 take as supernumeraries the men next for guard on 
 the company roster. 
 
 24. Supernumeraries will not be allowed to leave 
 the camp or post, and they will hold themselves con- 
 stantly in readiness for detail as members of the guard. 
 They will not, however, be excused from ordinary camp 
 or garrison duties. 
 
 25. At first-sergeant's call, all the first-sergeants 
 repair to headquarters, and take from the bulletin 
 board all the data necessary for them to make the re- 
 quired details from their respective companies. 
 
 26. Each first-sergeant makes the detail of privates 
 by roster, and publishes all the details made from the 
 company, at retreat. He will also post them upon the 
 company bulletin board. 
 
 27. The following are the abbreviations ordinarily 
 used in keeping a roster : 
 
 A. . . 
 
 . Absent. 
 
 I. A. . In arrest. 
 
 C. C. 
 
 D. S. 
 
 . Company cook. 
 . Detached service. 
 
 C. ... In confinement. 
 Ex. . . Excused. 
 
 E. D. 
 
 S. D. 
 D. D. 
 
 . Extra duty. 
 . Special duty. 
 . Daily duty. 
 
 Sk. . . Sick. 
 0. On duty. 
 
 Numerals are used to indicate the number of days 
 off duty. 
 
ROSTERS. T 
 
 28. The sergeant-major will keep a record, by which 
 he will each day determine the number of privates 
 required for guard duty from each company, and will 
 post on a bulletin board in his office all data required 
 by first-sergeants in making details from their respec- 
 tive companies. 
 
 29. There are several methods in use for determin- 
 ing the number of men required for detail from each 
 company. The principle is the same in every case. 
 The total number of men for duty in the command is 
 to the total number of men for duty in any particular 
 company as the total number of men required for the 
 detail is to the number of men required from the com- 
 pany for such detail. The different methods arise 
 from the various ways of treating the fractions which 
 result from the above proportion. 
 
 30. The following are the rules ordinarily used: 
 Take the number of men for duty in each company 
 from its morning report. Find the total number of 
 nxen for duty in the command by adding together the 
 number for duty in all the companies. Multiply the 
 number of men required for the entire guard by the 
 number of men for duty in any particular company. 
 Divide the product by the total number of men for 
 duty in the entire command. The result is the propor- 
 tion of men required for the detail from the particular 
 company taken. Proceed in like manner to find the 
 detail from every other company. If the sum of the 
 whole numbers thus obtained be less than the number 
 
8 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 of men required, those companies having the largest 
 fractions furnish one man each until the requisite num- 
 ber is obtained. 
 
 31. Record of the fractions resulting from the above 
 operation is kept for use in making future details. 
 The fractions of those companies furnishing only the 
 number of men indicated by the whole numbers are 
 entered on the record, and given a plus sign. The 
 fraction of each company furnishing one man in addi- 
 tion to the number indicated by its whole number is 
 subtracted from unity (1), and the result entered on 
 the record, affected by a minus sign. The fractions 
 so entered are termed the proportions of the compa- 
 nies to which they pertain. 1 
 
 32. To make the next succeeding detail for the 
 same duty, the proportion is determined by the rule 
 above given. If the sum of the whole numbers so de- 
 termined be equal to the number required for detail, 
 the fractions resulting from the operation of the rule 
 in finding the previous detail are brought forward and 
 noted on the record as before. If not, the new frac- 
 tions obtained are increased or diminished by those of 
 the same company resulting from the previous opera- 
 tion ; those having the minus sign being subtracted 
 from, those having the plus sign being added to, the 
 new fractions. 
 
 The companies having the largest fractions, after 
 this operation is performed, furnish the additional men 
 required to complete the detail. The resulting frac- 
 1 See Appendix I. 
 
ROSTERS. 9 
 
 tions are given the proper sign, and are carried for- 
 ward according to the rule above given. 
 
 33. Example : A command of four companies, A, 
 B, C, D, is required to furnish a daily detail for guard 
 of ten men. 
 
 The number of men in the different companies for 
 duty on the first day is as follows : A, 36 ; B, 40 ; C, 
 42 ; D, 48. On the second day : A, 32 ; B, 36 ; C, 
 40; D, 42. 
 
 Required, the number of men to be furnished from 
 each company for the two days. 
 
 FIRST DAY. 
 
 A. 36x10-1-166 = 2^ 2 + 1 Sft 
 
 B. 40xlO-rl66 = 2rfft r 'S + TWr 
 
 C. 42x10-5-166 = 2^; 1 AV = AV-'- 3-rffr 
 
 D. 48xlO-M66-2{-t|; 1 HJ = AV- 3-AV 
 
 166 8 10 
 
 It is seen that the application of the rule gives two 
 men from each company ; but this gives eight men 
 only for the whole detail, whereas ten are required. 
 Companies D and C, having the largest fractions, fur- 
 nish the additional men. 
 
 The fractions of companies A and B are entered on 
 the record with the plus sign prefixed. The fractions 
 of companies C and D are subtracted from unity, and 
 the differences entered on the record with the minus 
 sign prefixed. 
 
 The details for the first day are two men each from 
 
10 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 companies A and B, and three men each from compa- 
 nies C and D. 
 
 SECOND DAY. 
 
 A. 32x10-150 = 
 
 B. 36 x 10-150 = 
 
 C. 40 x 10-150 - 2m ; fg- T W = A% > 2 + ^ 
 D.42 x 10*150 = 2m ; 
 
 150 8 10 
 
 The fraction of company A for the previous day 
 was + fk 8 o . This added to T 2 5 % gives ffife. 
 
 In the same way the fractions for the other com- 
 panies are obtained, remembering that the fraction to 
 which the minus sign is prefixed is subtracted. Com- 
 paring the resulting fractions, it is seen that companies 
 B and D have the largest. These companies, there- 
 fore, furnish three men each ; companies A and C, two 
 men each. The fractions to be carried forward are 
 obtained in the same manner as before. They are as 
 follows : 
 
 ' A, + ^w ; B, -ftVs ; C, + rWk ; D, y&V 
 
 34. In practice, this method, though giving accurate 
 results, is found too cumbersome, and strict accuracy 
 is sacrificed to greater convenience. 
 
 To simplify the operation, the denominators are not 
 carried forward unless the strength of the command is 
 increased or diminished one eighth, in which case a 
 new denominator is determined as above. The nu- 
 merators only are considered. They are added to or 
 
RO 
 
 subtracted from the product i 
 tiplication. 
 
 The example given above will be taken to illustrate 
 this method. Disregarding the denominator 166, the 
 numerators only are carried forward, viz. : 
 + 28, +68, 78, 18. 
 
 For the second day we have : 
 
 A. (32x10 + 28) +150 = 
 
 B. (36xl 
 
 C. (40 x 10 78) +150 - 
 
 D. (42x10 18) + 150 = 2H$ 
 Companies B and D, having the largest fractions, 
 
 furnish the additional men. 
 
 The details are, then, companies A and C, two men 
 each ; companies B and D, three men each, the same 
 result as before. The numbers to be carried forward 
 are obtained in the same manner as before. They are 
 in this case : 
 
 A, + 48; B, 22; C, + 22; D, 48. 
 
 35. As a check on the accuracy of the work, it is 
 observed that the algebraic sum of the fractions or 
 numbers carried forward should be equal to zero. 
 
 36. Where the change in total strength is but slight, 
 the first denominator is sometimes the only one con- 
 sidered in determining the number to be carried for- 
 ward. 
 
 The numbers of the companies furnishing the extra 
 men are subtracted from the first denominator to de- 
 termine the number to be carried forward, and the 
 result affected with a minus sign. 
 
12 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 Thus, in the example taken for the second clay, the 
 following results are obtained by this method : 
 
 A. 32x^*8 = 2^ +48 
 
 B. ^-6_x T v%-t-^ = 2f| 166-128 = 38 .-.-38 
 C- ^Wcf- 7 - 8 -^^ + 22 
 D. iJ- x 1 Lo^i8 = 2|g 166 -102 = 64 .-.-64 
 
 Companies B and D furnish the additional men re- 
 quired. The denominator 150 is now disregarded. 
 The numerators 128 and 102 are subtracted from 166, 
 to determine the number to carry forward. A new 
 denominator is found when any material change occurs 
 in the strength of the command, and at stated intervals, 
 as once in every month. 
 
 This method does not check as all the others do. 
 
 37. The method which best combines convenience 
 and accuracy is that in which decimals are used in- 
 stead of common fractions. The decimals are carried 
 to hundredths ; a fraction equal to, or greater in value 
 than, .005 is called .01 ; a fraction of less value than 
 .005 is disregarded. By this method the solution of 
 the above problem is as follows : 
 
 FIRST DAY. DETAIL. PROPORTION. 
 
 A. 36xlO-M66= 2.17 = 2 +.17 
 
 B. 40x10-^-166 = 2.41 = 2 +.41 
 
 C. 42x10 -=-166= 2.53 = 3 .47 
 
 D. 48 x 10 -7- 166 =2.89 = 3 .11 
 
 166 10 
 
THE COMMANDING OFFICER. 13 
 
 SECOND DAY. DETAIL. PROP. 
 
 A. 32 x 10 + 150 = 2.13 .13 + .17 = .30 .-. 2 + .30 
 
 B. 36xlO-M50 = 2.40 .40 + .41 = .81 .-.3 .19 
 
 C. 40x10 + 150 = 2.67 .67 .47 = .20.-. 2 +.20 
 
 D. 42 x 10 -r 150 = 2.80 .80 .11 = .69 .-. 3 .31 
 
 150 10 
 
 THE COMMANDING OFFICER. 
 
 38. The commanding officer is responsible for the 
 discipline and military instruction of his command. 
 He will exact a faithful, correct, and vigilant perform- 
 ance of guard duty in all its details. He will prescribe 
 the positions of the color line and guard tents, and will 
 fix the number and establish the posts of the sentinels 
 who form the guard of his post or camp. He will 
 cause sentinels to be so distributed as to require the 
 least possible number of men for guard duty consistent 
 with the objects for which the guard is maintained. 
 No sentinel will be posted at such a distance from the 
 guard-house that he cannot be heard by the guard, 
 either directly or through other sentinels. 
 
 39. When necessary, small posts may be established 
 exterior to the chain of sentinels. These posts are 
 under the orders of the commander of the camp guard, 
 and are visited by his patrols. 
 
 40. In camp and garrison, the commanding officer 
 fixes the hours for reports, issues, and roll-calls, and 
 for the performance of stated duties and fatigues. In 
 
14 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 garrison, retreat will be at sunset. 1 The signals will 
 be sounded by the field musicians in accordance with 
 the authorized drill regulations. 
 
 41. The commanding officer will cause a list of calls 
 to be prepared, and a copy of the same to be furnished 
 the commander of the guard. He will also designate 
 the hour for challenging to begin ; otherwise, challen- 
 ging will begin at retreat. 
 
 42. He may require sentinels to call the hours or 
 half-hours, between the hour at which challenging 
 begins and reveille. 
 
 43. He will prescribe the "special orders " for all 
 posts upon which sentinels are placed. 
 
 44. When practicable, all orders relating to the 
 guard or its duties will be communicated to the com- 
 mander of the guard through the officer of the day. 
 
 45. The commanding officer will be at his office, or 
 at some point previously designated, immediately after 
 guard-mounting, to receive the report of the old officer 
 of the day, and give his orders to the new officer of the 
 day. 
 
 The officers of the day having presented themselves, 
 the commanding officer will acknowledge their salutes, 
 examine the report of the commander of the guard, 
 and the remarks made thereon by the officer of the day. 
 If necessary, he will further question that officer rela- 
 tive to his tour of duty. He will then relieve the old 
 
 1 An exception may be made to this rule when a post is 
 situated in very high latitude. 
 
THE OFFICER OF THE DAY. 15 
 
 officer of the day, and give the new officer of the day 
 such instructions as may be necessary. 
 
 THE OFFICER OF THE DAY. 
 
 46. Both the old and new officers of the day will be 
 present at guard-mounting. After the old officer of the 
 day has given the old or standing orders to the new 
 officer of the day, they will both proceed to the guard- 
 house, on approaching which each officer of the day 
 will place himself about twelve yards in front of the 
 centre of, and facing, his own guard, and will return the 
 salute of its commander. While the old guard is being 
 relieved, they will inspect the guard-house or tents, and 
 verify the number of prisoners. 
 
 47. If there be no officer of the guard, the new 
 officer of the day will receipt to the old officer of the 
 day for the articles in charge of the guard. The old 
 officer of the day will countersign the report of the 
 commander of the guard. 
 
 48. All persons under guard, without written 
 charges, 1 will be released by the old officer of the day 
 at guard-mounting, unless specific orders to the con- 
 trary have been given in each case by the commanding 
 officer. He will at the same time release all prisoners 
 whose sentences expire on that day. 
 
 49. The officers of the day will then report to the 
 commanding officer, to whom the officer relieved pre- 
 
 J See paragraph 323. 
 
16 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 sents the report of the commander of the guard, with 
 such remarks entered thereon as circumstances require. 
 At the same time the new officer of the day receives his 
 instructions. 
 
 50. On presenting themselves, both salute with the 
 right hand, remaining covered. The old officer of the 
 day, standing on the right of the new, then says, " Sir, 
 I report as old officer of the day," and presents the re- 
 port of the commander of the guard. As soon as the 
 commanding officer notifies the old officer of the day 
 that he is relieved, the new officer of the day says, 
 " Sir, I report as new officer of the day." 
 
 51. The officer of the day is responsible for the en- 
 forcement of all police regulations, and is charged with 
 the execution of the orders of the commanding officer 
 relating to the safety, order, and police of the post or 
 camp. Fatigue parties will be furnished him when the 
 number of prisoners is insufficient for the necessary 
 police purposes. 
 
 52. The officer of the day is subject to the orders of 
 the commanding officer only. His actual tour of duty 
 begins when the old sentinels are relieved by the new ; 
 while the sentinels are being relieved, the new officer of 
 the day is responsible for the proper performance of 
 duty by the new sentinels just posted, and the old officer 
 of the day for the old sentinels not yet relieved. 
 
 53. He is responsible for the proper performance of 
 guard duty during his tour, and will inspect the guard 
 and sentinels during the day and night, at such times 
 
THE OFFICER OF THE GUARD. 17 
 
 as he may deem necessary. He will visit them at night 
 at least once after twelve o'clock. When he deems it 
 necessary or expedient, he will prescribe patrols and 
 visits of inspection to be made by officers or non-com- 
 missioned officers of the guard. 
 
 54. He will see that the commander of the guard is 
 furnished with the parole and countersign before re- 
 treat, and will inform him of the presence, in the post 
 or camp, of any stranger who is entitled to compliment. 
 
 55. In case of an alarm of any kind, the officer of 
 the day will at once take such steps as may be necessary 
 to insure the safety of public property and preserve 
 order in the command, disposing his guard so as best 
 to accomplish this result. 
 
 THE OFFICER OF THE GUARD. 
 
 56. The officer of the guard, while marching his 
 guard to or from the guard-house, will salute general 
 officers, the commanding officer, and the officer of the 
 day, first bringing his guard to a carry. In the same 
 way, he will also salute any person entitled to compli- 
 ment from the guard. 1 
 
 57. Immediately after bringing his guard to an order 
 at the guard-house, the commander of the new guard 
 divides the guard into three reliefs, first, second, and 
 third, from right to left, and directs a list of the guard 
 to be made. The sentinels and detachments of the old 
 
 1 See paragraph 202. 
 
18 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 guard are at once relieved by members of the new 
 guard. While this is doing, the two guards stand in 
 place rest, and the old commander gives to the new all 
 necessary information and instructions relating to the 
 guard and its duties. The new commander then pro- 
 ceeds to take possession of the guard-house and the 
 articles in charge of the guard. He dismisses his guard 
 when the old guard has marched about fifty yards from 
 its post. If there be no arm-racks, he will first cause 
 arms to be stacked. 
 
 58. If there be two officers of the guard, the senior 
 is the commander of the guard. The junior will, under 
 the direction of the senior, assist the latter in the per- 
 formance of his duties. 
 
 59. If ordered to prepare his guard for inspection 
 by any person from whom he properly receives orders, 
 he will open ranks, and bring his guard to inspection 
 arms. In making the inspections of the guard re- 
 quired of him, he will first cause it to open ranks. 
 
 60. The commander of a guard receives and obeys 
 the orders of the officer of the day and the command- 
 ing officer only, and will transmit to his successor all 
 instructions and information relating to his post. 
 
 61. All material instructions received by the com- 
 mander of a guard, through any source other than the 
 officer of the day, will be at once reported to the latter. 
 
 62. The commander of the guard is responsible for 
 the instruction and discipline of the guard. He will 
 see that all its members are thoroughly instructed in 
 
THE OFFICER OF THE GUARD. 19 
 
 their orders and duties, and that they properly perform 
 them. 
 
 63. The commander of the new guard becomes re- 
 sponsible for the prisoners after their number has been 
 verified and they are turned over to the custody of his 
 guard. He is responsible for the general safety of the 
 camp as soon as the old guard inarches off from the 
 guard tents. In case of any emergency occurring while 
 both guards are at the guard-house, the senior officer 
 of the two guards will be responsible. 
 
 64. The commander of the guard will enter in the 
 post guard report book a report of his tour of service, 
 which he will present to the officer of the day on the 
 completion of his tour. He will transmit, with his re- 
 port, all passes turned in to the sergeant of the guard. 
 
 65. After the sentinels and outposts of the old guard 
 have been relieved, the commander of the new guard 
 will visit and question his non-commissioned officers 
 and sentinels relative to the instructions they may have 
 received from the old guard. 
 
 66. The commander of the guard will visit all the 
 sentinels of each relief, and will see that each sentinel 
 is properly instructed in his duties and understands 
 them. He will order patrols and visits of inspection to 
 be made when he thinks necessary. 
 
 67. Officers will remain constantly with their guards 
 except while visiting their sentinels, or necessarily en- 
 gaged elsewhere in the performance of their duty. 
 
 68. Commanders of guards, upon leaving their posts 
 
20 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 to visit sentinels, or to perform other duty, will mention 
 their intention, destination, and the probable time of 
 absence to the next in command. 
 
 69. The commander of the guard will inspect his 
 guard at reveille and retreat. While the retreat is 
 sounding, the guard, if not under inspection, will stand 
 at parade rest. 
 
 70. The commander of the guard will see that the 
 countersign is duly communicated to the sentinels at 
 the proper time before twilight, or at the hour desig- 
 nated by the commanding officer. The countersign 
 will not be given to the sentinel at the guard-house. 
 
 71. He will see that the proper calls are sounded at 
 the hours appointed by the commanding officer. 
 
 72. Should a member of the guard be taken sick, or 
 be arrested, or desert, or leave his guard, the com- 
 mander of the guard will at once notify the adjutant. 
 
 73. He will see that sentinels are relieved every two 
 hours, unless the state of the weather, or other causes, 
 shall make longer or shorter intervals necessary. 
 
 74. Each relief, before being posted and after being 
 relieved, will be inspected by the commander of the 
 guard, who will assure himself that every sentinel is 
 properly armed and equipped, and is in proper condi- 
 tion to perform his duties as a sentinel. This inspec- 
 tion will ordinarily be made with the relief at port 
 arms, and with closed ranks. 1 The relief first posted 
 after guard-mounting is not inspected. 
 
 1 See, also, paragraph 122. 
 
THE OFFICER OF THE GUARD. 21 
 
 75. When formed for any cause whatever, the guard 
 will invariably be under arms. 
 
 76. When any alarm is raised in a camp or garrison, 
 the guard will be immediately formed. If the case be 
 serious, the proper call will be sounded, and the com- 
 mander of the guard will cause the commanding officer 
 and the officer of the day to be at once notified. 
 
 77. The commander of the guard will detain at the 
 guard -house all suspicious characters, or parties at- 
 tempting to pass a sentinel's post without authority, 
 reporting his action to the officer of the day, to whom 
 arrested persons will be sent, if necessary. 
 
 78. If a sentinel call for " the guard" the com- 
 mander of the guard will at once send a patrol to such 
 sentinel's post. If the danger be great (in which case 
 the sentinel's piece will have been discharged), the 
 patrol will be as strong as possible. When practica- 
 ble, there should always be at least two privates of 
 the guard at the guard-house, in addition to the sen- 
 tinels there on duty. 
 
 79. During the day, the guard of a camp or garrison 
 turns out and presents arms to a general officer, the 
 commander of the post or camp, and the officer of the 
 day. 
 
 80. Guards will turn out and present arms to offi- 
 cers entitled to the compliment as often as they pass. 
 The personal guards of general officers will turn out 
 to the general whose guards they are, and to his su- 
 periors in rank. 
 
22 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 81. All guards will turn out under arms when 
 armed parties approach their posts ; to parties com- 
 manded by commissioned officers they will present 
 arms, officers saluting. 
 
 82. The national or regimental colors passing a 
 guard will be saluted, the trumpets or field music 
 sounding a inarch. 
 
 83. All guards and sentinels will pay the same com- 
 pliments to civil officers of the Government, to officers 
 in the military or civil service of foreign powers, to 
 officers of the Navy and Marine Corps, and to officers 
 of volunteers and militia when in the service of the 
 United States, that are directed to be paid to officers 
 of the Army of corresponding rank. 
 
 84. When any person entitled to compliment passes 
 a guard between reveille and retreat, the commander 
 of the guard will see that it is promptly formed, if 
 it be necessary to form it ; the guard having been 
 formed, he will receive the report of the sergeant of the 
 guard, returning the salute of the latter with the right 
 hand. 
 
 He will then draw his sword, and, without dressing 
 the guard, will place himself two yards in front of its 
 centre. When the person for whom the guard has 
 been turned out approaches, the officer of the guard 
 faces his guard, commands, 
 
 1. Present, 2. ARMS, 
 
 resumes his front and salutes, reporting, if it be the 
 commanding officer or the officer of the day, 
 
THE OFFICER OF THE GUARD. 23 
 
 " Sir, the guard is present ; " or, " Sir, the guard 
 and prisoners are present ; " or, " Sir, the guard is 
 present and the prisoners are secure ; " or, " Sir, (So 
 and So) is absent ; " except that at guard-mounting, 
 the officers of the guard simply salute, without making 
 any report to the officers of the day. 
 
 When his salute is acknowledged, he will resume the 
 carry, face about, command, 
 
 1. Carry, 2. ARMS, 
 and resume his proper front. 
 
 85. To others entitled to have the guard turned out, 
 no report will be made ; nor will a report be made to 
 either the commanding officer or the officer of the day 
 unless he halts in front of the guard. 
 
 86. If the person entitled to compliment pass in 
 rear of the guard, it does not salute, but stands at a 
 carry; if he pass in front or on either side of the 
 guard, it being already formed, the commander of the 
 guard brings the guard to a present and salutes, with- 
 out reporting, as he passes. 
 
 87. After any person entitled to the compliment has 
 been saluted by the guard or guards, official recogni- 
 tion of his presence thereafter, while he remains in the 
 same vicinity, will be taken by bringing the guard or 
 guards to attention. 
 
 88. In rendering honors, a non-commissioned officer 
 in command of the guard will present and carry arms 
 with it, standing on the right of the front rank. 
 
 If a report be also required, he will, after bringing 
 
24 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 his guard to a carry, execute the rifle salute, and re- 
 port as prescribed for the officer of the guard. 
 
 89. If a guard be commanded by a commissioned 
 officer, no compliments will be paid to any officer not 
 entitled to inspect it. A guard being in line, and not 
 under inspection, a non-commissioned officer in com- 
 mand will salute all officers not entitled to inspect the 
 guard with the rifle salute, the guard standing at a 
 carry. 
 
 90. During the presence of both the old and new 
 guards at the guard-house, each guard will, indepen- 
 dently of the other, salute its own officer of the day. If 
 any other officer entitled to a salute passes guards in 
 the act of relieving, both will salute at the word of 
 command from the senior officer (or commander) of 
 the guard. Each commander of the guard will bring 
 his own guard to a carry ; the senior will then com- 
 mand : 
 
 1. Old and new guards, 2. Present, 3. ARMS. 
 The junior will salute at the command of the senior. 
 
 91. Guards do not turn out as a matter of compli- 
 ment after sunset, nor will any compliments be paid 
 by them between retreat and reveille. 
 
 92. A guard may be turned out between retreat 
 and reveille by direction of any person entitled to in- 
 spect it. The guard being formed, its commander will 
 say, " Advance (So and So)," adding, " with the 
 parole" if he deem it necessary. The person being 
 duly recognized as an officer entitled to inspect the 
 
THE SERGEANT OF THE GUARD. 25 
 
 guard, its commander will present it as above de- 
 scribed, except that he salutes and reports without 
 bringing- the guard to a present. 
 
 93. On the march, the guard, with the prisoners, 
 will march in rear of the regiment. 
 
 94. When the new camp guard marches with the 
 camping party, it forms, on reaching the camp, in front 
 of the centre of the ground marked for the regiment. 
 The officer of the guard furnishes the sentinels re- 
 quired by the commander of the camping party. Sen- 
 tinels will be placed over the stores of provisions and 
 forage in the vicinity, and over the water, if necessary 
 to prevent its waste or fouling. 
 
 THE SERGEANT OF THE GUARD. 
 
 95. Immediately after guard-mounting, the sergeant 
 of the guard will prepare duplicate lists of the names, 
 reliefs, and posts of all the non-commissioned officers, 
 musicians, and privates of the guard. 
 
 One list will be handed as soon as possible to the 
 commander of the guard ; the other will be retained 
 by the sergeant. 
 
 96. The sergeant of the guard has supervision over 
 the other non-commissioned officers and the privates 
 of the guard, and will familiarize himself with all the 
 orders and duties of corporals of the guard and of sen- 
 tinels. He will see that reliefs are turned out at the 
 proper time, and that the corporals thoroughly under- 
 
26 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 stand, and are zealous and prompt in the discharge of, 
 their duties. 
 
 97. All suspicious or disorderly persons arrested by 
 the guard will be sent by the sergeant to the com- 
 mander of the guard. 
 
 98. The sergeant will designate a non-commissioned 
 officer of the guard to take the place of the corporal 
 whose relief is on post, should the latter be called away 
 from the guard-house. 
 
 99. He will cause the guard-house and premises to 
 be thoroughly policed, at such hours as may be desig- 
 nated by the commanding officer, by prisoners, if there 
 be any ; by members of the guard, if there be no pris- 
 oners. 1 
 
 100. He will report to the commander of the guard 
 any suspicious or unusual occurrence that comes under 
 his notice, and will warn him of the approach of any 
 armed body. 
 
 101. He is directly responsible for the articles in 
 charge of the guard, and will see that they are properly 
 cared for. He will make lists of articles taken out by 
 working parties, and see that all such articles are duly 
 returned. If any are not, he will immediately report 
 the fact to the officer of the guard. 
 
 1 After breakfast, which shall immediately follow reveille 
 roll-call, and after stable duty in the cavalry, the tents or quar- 
 ters, and the space around them, will be policed by the men of 
 the companies, and the guard-house or guard-tent by the guard 
 or prisoners. A. R. 420. 
 
THE SERGEANT {0 THEtH&[%l% 1 27 
 
 102. At first-sergeant's ca^gj^^w^ to the 
 adjutant's office and obtain the guard report book. 
 
 103. Upon the return of soldiers having passes, the 
 latter will be given to the sergeant of the guard, who 
 will indorse upon them the time at which each of the 
 parties included in a pass individually returns. At 
 guard-mounting he will turn over all passes so received 
 to the commander of the guard. 
 
 104. If sentinels are numerous, the sergeants as well 
 as the corporals will be employed to relieve and post 
 them. Sergeants assigned to reliefs perform the duties 
 prescribed for corporals of the guard. They will not 
 be so assigned unless the number of corporals detailed 
 for guard be less than the number of reliefs. 
 
 105. Whenever the guard is turned out, it is the 
 duty of the sergeant of the guard to form it promptly. 
 To form the guard, the sergeant, three yards in front 
 of and facing its center, commands : 
 
 1. FALL IN. 
 
 The guard falls in, facing to the right, with bayonets 
 fixed, in single or double rank, according to the habitual 
 formation of the command of which it is a part, and 
 with arms at a carry ; the men will cover accurately in 
 file, so as to render subsequent dressing unnecessary ; 
 the field music will so form that, after facing, its left 
 will be two yards to the right of the front rank. 
 
 The sergeant then commands : 
 1. Left, 2. FACE, 3. Eight shoulder, 4. ARMS. 
 
28 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 He then calls the roll, 1 each man answering " Here," 
 and coming to order arms as his name is called. 
 The sergeant then commands, 
 
 1. Carry, 2. ARMS, 
 
 faces the commander of the guard, executes the rifle 
 salute, and reports : 
 
 " Sir, the guard is present ; " or, " Sir, the guard and 
 prisoners are present ; " or, " Sir, the guard is present, 
 and the prisoners are secure ;" or, " Sir, (So and So) 
 is absent.' 1 Only men absent without permission are 
 reported absent. 
 
 The sergeant will then take his place, without com- 
 mand, on the right of the front rank of the guard. 
 
 In forming the guard prior to marching off, he will 
 command, 
 
 1. Count, 2. FOURS, 
 before reporting to the commander of the guard. 
 
 106. When the guard is turned out as a matter of 
 compliment, calling the roll will be dispensed with. 
 The same rule will apply whenever the guard is formed 
 in a sudden emergency, or on the approach of an armed 
 party. In such cases the roll will be called before dis- 
 missing the guard. 
 
 1 In calling the roll at night, it is customary for the sergeant 
 to call off in succession the number of sentinels' posts on each 
 relief separately, eacti man answering as the number of his post 
 and relief is called. Thus, the sergeant will call, the first relief 
 being on post, "Second relief, Corporal (So and So), No. 1; 
 No. 2," etc. 
 
THE CORPORAL OF THE GUARD. 29 
 
 107. When directed by the officer of the guard to 
 dismiss the guard, the sergeant will step two paces to 
 the front and then face to the left before giving his 
 commands. He will cause the men to place their arms 
 securely in the arm-racks, if these be provided. 
 
 108. Should there be no sergeant on guard, the sen- 
 ior corporal performs the duties above prescribed for 
 the sergeant of the guard. 
 
 THE CORPORAL OF THE GUARD. 
 
 109. Corporals of the guard are assigned to reliefs 
 by the commander of the guard. 
 
 110. It is the duty of a corporal of the guard to post 
 and relieve sentinels, and to instruct the members of 
 his relief in their orders and duties. 
 
 111. Immediately after the division of the guard 
 into reliefs, the corporals will assign the members of 
 their respective reliefs to posts by number, and a sol- 
 dier so assigned to a post shall not be changed to an- 
 other during the same tour of guard duty, unless by 
 direction of the commander of the guard, or the officer 
 of the day. Experienced soldiers are placed over 
 the arms of the guard and at remote and responsible 
 posts. 
 
 112. Each corporal will then make a list of the 
 members of his relief, including himself. This list will 
 contain the number of the relief, the name, company, 
 and regiment of every member thereof, and the post to 
 
30 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 which each is assigned. It will be made in duplicate, 
 one copy to be given to the sergeant or senior non-com- 
 missioned officer of the guard, as soon as completed, 
 the other to be retained by the corporal. 
 
 113. As soon as the officers of the day have visited 
 their respective guards, or as soon as directed by the 
 officer of the guard, the corporal of the first relief posts 
 his relief. 
 
 114. The relief is brought to a carry. The corporal 
 then commands : 
 
 CALL OFF. 
 
 Commencing on the right, the men call off alternately, 
 front and rear rank, one, two, three, four, and so on; 
 if in single rank, they call off from right to left. The 
 corporal then commands : 
 
 1. Right, 2, FACE, 3. Right shoulder, 4. ARMS, 
 5. Forward, 6. MARCH. 
 
 In wet weather the relief may be marched at secure 
 arms. 
 
 The corporal marches on the left, and near the rear 
 file, in order to observe the march. The corporal of 
 the old guard marches on the right of the leading file, 
 and takes command when the last one of the old sen- 
 tinels is relieved, changing places with the corporal of 
 the new guard. 
 
 115. When the relief arrives at fifteen yards from 
 a sentinel, he halts and faces toward it with arms at 
 a carry. At six yards from him, the corporal com- 
 mands : 
 
THE CORPORAL OF THE GUARD. 31 
 
 1. Relief, 2. HALT. 
 
 The corporal then adds, according to the number of 
 the post : 
 
 1. NO. ( ), 2. Port, 3. ARMS. 
 Or, if the guard be armed with saber or pistol only : 
 1. No. ( ), 2. POST. 
 
 In the first case, at the third command, the two sen- 
 tinels come to port arms and approach each other. In 
 the second case, they approach each other at the com- 
 mand "post," and if armed with the saber assume the 
 position of guard, except that the left hand is at the 
 side, and the feet together. 
 
 11.6. The old sentinel, under the supervision of both 
 corporals, whispers his instructions to the one taking 
 post. 
 
 The corporals advance and place themselves, facing 
 each other, a little in advance of the new sentinel, the 
 old corporal on his right, the new corporal on his left, 
 both remaining at a carry. 1 
 
 117. The instructions relative to the post having 
 
 1 The following diagram will illustrate the positions taken : 
 R A 
 
 Bin 
 
 III o| I- 
 
 R is the relief; A, the new corporal ; B, the old ; C, the new 
 sentinel ; D, the old. 
 
32 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 been communicated, the new corporal steps back two 
 paces, and commands : 
 
 1. Right shoulder (or, Secure), 2. ARMS, 3. For- 
 ward, 4. MARCH. 
 
 The corporals take their respective places as the re- 
 lief passes them. The old sentinel takes his place in 
 rear of the relief as it passes him, at a right shoulder, 
 or secure arms. 
 
 118. The other sentinels are relieved and the new 
 ones posted in similar manner. 
 
 The sentinels at the guard -house are the first re- 
 lieved and are left behind. 
 
 119. The corporals, while posting their reliefs, will 
 march at a carry. 
 
 120. If sentinels are numerous, reliefs may be 
 posted in detachments. 
 
 121. The detachments and sentinels of the old 
 guard, as they come in, are formed on its left. 
 
 122. To post a relief at any other time than at 
 guard -mounting, its corporal forms it by the com- 
 mands : 
 
 1. (Such) relief, 2. FALL IN. 
 
 The relief is formed in double or single rank (ac- 
 cording as the guard is formed), facing to the right 
 with arms at a carry and with bayonets fixed ; the 
 men will take place according to the numbers of their 
 respective posts, viz., one, three, five, and so on, in 
 the front rank ; two, four, six, and so on, in the rear 
 rank ; or in the order of their respective posts from 
 
THE CORPORAL OF THE GUARD. 33 
 
 right to left, according as the relief is in double or sin- 
 gle rank. The corporal, standing about two yards in 
 front of the center of his relief, then commands, 
 1. Lefty 2. FACE, 3. CALL OFF. 
 
 The men call off as prescribed above. The corporal 
 then places himself on the right of the front rank, and, 
 executing the rifle salute, reports to the officer of the 
 guard : 
 
 " Sir, the relief is present.' 9 
 
 The relief having been inspected, the officer of the 
 guard directs the corporal, " Post your relief" The 
 corporal salutes, and posts his relief as above prescribed. 
 The corporal will execute, with his relief, the com- 
 mand of the officer of the guard for inspection. 
 
 123. If the necessity exists, the corporal, immedi- 
 ately after his relief has been inspected, will com- 
 mand, 
 
 \. Relief, 2. LOAD, 3. Carry, 4. ARMS, 
 and will post it as above. 1 
 
 124. In posting reliefs, but one corporal goes with 
 the relief, except the one of the new guard first posted 
 after guard-mounting. In this case, the corporal will 
 post his relief as above prescribed ; returning, the cor- 
 poral of the old guard will form the relief on the left 
 of the old guard, and, saluting, report to the com- 
 mander of his guard, 
 
 " Sir, the relief is present," 
 
 1 Pieces will not be loaded without previous instructions from 
 the commander of the guard. 
 
34 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 and will then take his proper place in the guard. The 
 corporal of the new guard falls out as the relief halts. 
 
 125. To dismiss the old relief, excepting in the fore- 
 going case, it is halted and faced to the front at the 
 guard-house by the corporal of the new relief tempora- 
 rily in command, who then falls out. The corporal of 
 the old relief then places himself on the right of its 
 front rank, and, saluting the commander of the guard, 
 reports : 
 
 " Sir, the relief is present. 1 ' 
 
 After inspection, the commander of the guard com- 
 mands, "Dismiss the relief" The corporal, after sa- 
 luting, commands, 
 
 1. Port, 2. ARMS, 3. Break ranks, 4. MARCH. 
 
 126. Should the pieces have been loaded before the 
 relief was posted, the corporal, after facing the relief to 
 the front, and before presenting it for inspection to the 
 officer of the guard, will command, 
 
 1. Draw, 2. CARTRIDGE, 3. Carry, 4. ARMS. 
 
 127. Each corporal will thoroughly acquaint himself 
 with all the special orders of every sentinel on his re- 
 lief, and see that each sentinel correctly transmits such 
 orders in detail to his successor. 
 
 128. He will see that each sentinel, on being posted, 
 clearly understands the limits and extent of his post. 
 
 129. Should any sentinel call for the corporal of the 
 guard, the corporal will, in every case, at once proceed 
 to such sentinel. 
 
 130. Any violation of regulations, or any unusual 
 
THE CORPORAL OF THE GUARD. 35 
 
 occurrence reported to him by a sentinel, or coming to 
 his notice in any other way, will at once be reported by 
 the corporal to the commander of the guard. 
 
 131. Should any sentinel call for a " relief," the cor- 
 poral will at once proceed to the post of such sentinel, 
 taking with him the man next for duty on that post. 
 If relieved for a short time only, the corporal will see 
 that the sentinel relieved is again posted as soon as the 
 necessity for his relief ceases. 
 
 132. A corporal of the guard receives and obeys 
 orders from non-commissioned officers of the guard 
 senior to himself, the officers of the guard, the officer 
 of the day, and commanding officer only. 
 
 133. Out of ranks and under arms, the corporal sa- 
 lutes with the rifle salute. If marching his relief, if 
 it be not already there, he will bring it to a carry be- 
 fore saluting. He will salute all officers whenever they 
 pass, whether by day or night. 
 
 134. The corporal will. carry his rifle with the bay- 
 onet fixed. 
 
 135. Immediately before the hour for challenging to 
 begin, the corporal whose relief is on post will com- 
 municate the countersign to all the sentinels of his 
 relief, excepting those at the guard-house. 
 
 136. When challenged by a sentinel while posting 
 his relief, the corporal will answer, " Relief." At the 
 sentinel's order to halt, the corporal commands, 
 
 1. Relief, 2. HALT, 
 and at the order of the sentinel he advances alone to 
 
36 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 deliver the countersign, or to be recognized. When the 
 sentinel says, " Advance, relief" the corporal com- 
 mands, 
 
 1. Forward, 2. MARCH. 
 
 If to be relieved, the sentinel is then relieved as pre- 
 scribed above. 1 
 
 137. During the hours for challenging, the corporal 
 of the guard will challenge all suspicious-looking per- 
 sons or parties he may observe, first halting his patrol 
 or relief, if either be with him, and will advance them 
 in the same manner that sentinels on posts advance like 
 parties. But if the route of a patrol is on a continuous 
 chain of sentinels, he will not challenge persons coming 
 near him, unless he have reason to believe that senti- 
 nels are neglecting their duties. 
 
 138. The corporal of the guard will arrest all sus- 
 picious-looking characters prowling about the post or 
 camp, all persons of a disorderly character disturbing 
 the peace, and all persons taken in the act of commit- 
 ting some crime against the government on a military 
 reservation or post. All persons arrested by corporals 
 of the guand, or by sentinels, will be at once conducted 
 to the sergeant of the guard by the corporal. 
 
 139. The corporal will examine parties halted and 
 detained by sentinels, and, if he have reason to believe 
 the parties have no authority to cross sentinels' posts, 
 will conduct them to the sergeant of the guard. 
 
 140. Corporals will ascertain the tents or bunks of 
 
 1 Paragraphs 115-17. 
 
THE CORPORAL OF THE GUARD. 37 
 
 all the members of their reliefs, in order to turn them 
 out, in case of necessity, in the least time and with the 
 least confusion. 
 
 141. Should the guard be turned out, each corporal 
 will wake his own relief, and cause its members to fall 
 in promptly. 
 
 142. There should be at least one non-commissioned 
 officer constantly on the alert at the guard -house, 
 usually the corporal whose relief is on post. This non- 
 commissioned officer takes post near the entrance of the 
 guard-house, and does not fall in with the guard when 
 it is formed. He will answer call from sentinels for 
 the corporal of the guard. If called away, he will 
 notify the sergeant of the guard before leaving the 
 guard-house. If a sentinel call for the guard, he will 
 promptly notify the officer of the guard. He will see 
 that no person enters the guard-house, or crosses the 
 post of the sentinel of the guard, without proper author- 
 ity. He will, at the proper time, notify this sentinel of 
 the hour, if sentinels are required to call the hours or 
 half-hours of the night. He will wake the corporal 
 whose relief is next on post, in time for the latter to 
 form his relief and post it at the proper hour. 
 
 143. As a general rule, he will advance parties ap- 
 proaching the guard at night, in the same manner that 
 sentinels on post advance like parties. Thus : The 
 sentinel at the guard challenges, and reports the answer 
 to his challenge to the corporal. The latter advances 
 at port arms and says : "Advance (So and So), with 
 
38 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 the countersign" or, " to be recognized," if no counter- 
 sign be used. The countersign being correctly given, 
 or the party being duly recognized, the corporal says : 
 
 u The countersign is right. Advance (So and So)," 
 or, if no countersign be used, " Ail right. Advance 
 (So and So)" repeating the answer to the sentinel's 
 challenge. 
 
 The following are the exceptions to this rule : 
 
 1st. In case the party challenged be entitled to in- 
 spect the guard. 1 
 
 Upon receiving the countersign, or duly recognizing 
 such party in the manner above prescribed, he will say, 
 " The countersign is right" and will then call : 
 
 " Turn out the guard" 
 
 announcing the title of the officer challenged, without 
 advancing him. 
 
 Thus, if the answer to the challenge of the sentinel 
 be u Officer of the day" the corporal advances toward 
 the party challenged and says : 
 
 "Advance, officer of the day, with the countersign" 
 or, " to be recognized" 
 
 The officer of the day, having given the countersign, 
 or been recognized, the corporal says : 
 
 " The countersign is right ;" or, " All right," and 
 then calls : 
 
 " Turn out the guard. Officer of the day" 
 
 2d. In case of the approach of an armed party, 
 other than a returning relief or detachment of the 
 guard itself, the corporal will call : 
 
 1 See paragraphs 53 and 238. 
 
, MUSICIANS OF THE GUARD. 39 
 
 " Turn out the guard. Armed party ." 
 
 144. When officers of different rank approach the 
 guard-house from different directions at the same time, 
 the senior will be advanced first, and will not be made 
 to wait for his junior. 
 
 MUSICIANS OF THE GUARD. 
 
 145. Musicians of the guard are members of the 
 guard, and are subject to the orders of the command- 
 ing officer, the officer of the day, officers and non-com- 
 missioned officers of the guard only. 
 
 146. They will remain at the guard-house during 
 their tour, and will fall in with the guard when it is 
 formed. They form on a line with the front rank, 
 their left two yards from its right. 
 
 147. They will sound all calls prescribed by the com- 
 manding officer, and such other calls as may be ordered 
 by proper authority, at such times and places as may 
 be directed. 
 
 148. Should the guard be turned out for national or 
 regimental colors, they will sound a march when the 
 guard presents arms. 
 
 149. Musicians of the guard sleep at the guard-house. 
 
 ORDERLY FOR THE COMMANDING 
 OFFICER. 
 
 150. When so directed, the adjutant will select an 
 orderly for the commanding officer from the new 
 guard, an extra man being detailed for guard for this 
 purpose. 
 
40 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 151. The selection will usually be made during the 
 inspection at guard -mounting. The soldier will be 
 chosen who is most correct in the performance of duty 
 and in military bearing, neatest in person and clothing, 
 and whose arms and accouterments are in the best con- 
 dition. Clothing, arms, and equipments must conform 
 strictly to the regulations prescribing the uniform. If 
 there be doubt as to the relative merits of two or more 
 soldiers, the adjutant may proceed to the guard-house 
 and cause them to form in line a few paces to the right 
 of the guard, after it has been brought to an order. 
 They fall in, in single rank, facing to the right, with 
 arms at a carry. The adjutant will cause them to 
 execute the manual of arms, to march, etc., both with 
 and without the numbers, the most proficient being 
 selected as orderly. If doubt still exist, he will sub- 
 ject them to a more minute inspection, or he may cause 
 them to draw lots. The adjutant will notify the com- 
 mander of the guard of his selection. 
 
 152. After the guard has been brought to an order, 
 at the guard-house, the commander of the guard will 
 direct the soldier selected as orderly to report to the 
 commanding officer. The soldier will then give his 
 name, company, and regiment to the sergeant of the 
 guard, and, leaving his rifle in the arm-rack in his com- 
 pany quarters, will proceed at once to the commanding 
 officer, reporting : 
 
 " Sir, Private , Company , reports as 
 
 orderly" 
 
THE SOLDIER ON GUARD. 41 
 
 If the orderly selected be a cavalryman, he will leave 
 his carbine in the arm-rack in his company quarters, 
 and report equipped with saber-belt and saber. 
 
 153. The orderly, during his tour, is subject to the 
 orders of the commanding officer only. 
 
 154. When ordered to carry a message, he will be 
 careful to deliver it exactly as it was given to him. 
 
 155. The orderly may be excused from such duty 
 between retreat and reveille, and may be permitted to 
 sleep in his company quarters, or in such other place as 
 the commanding officer may direct. 
 
 156. At reveille, or at such hour as directed, he will 
 again report to the commanding officer. He will re- 
 main on duty until relieved by the orderly selected 
 from the guard relieving his own. 
 
 157. The orderly is a member of the guard. His 
 name, company, and regiment are entered after those 
 of the corporals in the place' provided on the guard re- 
 port. 
 
 158. If the necessities of the service require the de- 
 tail of other orderlies, they are detailed and selected 
 as above prescribed for the orderly for the command- 
 ing officer. They are subject to the orders of the com- 
 manding officer, and the officer for whom detailed, 
 only. 
 
 THE SOLDIER ON GUARD. 
 
 159* Soldiers will not remove their clothing or accou- 
 terments while on guard. 
 
42 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 160. They will not leave the immediate vicinity of 
 the guard-house, without permission from the com- 
 mander of the guard. 
 
 161. No soldier will drink any spirituous or intoxi- 
 cating liquor while on guard. 1 
 
 162. During his tour of guard duty a soldier is sub- 
 ject to the orders of the commanding officer, the officer 
 of the day, officers and non-commissioned officers of 
 the guard only. 
 
 163. When not on post, nor engaged in the perform- 
 ance of a special duty, a soldier of the guard will salute 
 all officers who pass him ; if armed, with the rifle sa- 
 lute ; if unarmed, with the hand. This rule applies at 
 all hours of day or night. 
 
 164. Immediately upon breaking ranks, after guard- 
 mounting, each soldier, not at once required for duty, 
 will place his rifle in the arm-racks, if they be pro- 
 vided, and will not remove it therefrom unless he 
 require it in the performance of some armed duty. 
 
 165. Privates are assigned to reliefs by the com- 
 mander of the guard, and to post usually by the cor- 
 poral of their relief. They will not change from one 
 relief or post to another, during the same tour of duty, 
 without proper authority. 
 
 166. No soldier shall hire another to do his duty for 
 him. 
 
 1 ARTICLE OF WAR 38. Any officer who is found drunk on 
 his guard, party, or other duty shall be dismissed from the ser- 
 vice. Any soldier who so offends shall suffer such punishment 
 as a court-martial may direct. 
 
GENERAL ORDERS PROPER. 43 
 
 167. Should the guard be formed, soldiers will fall 
 in, under arms, and at a carry. They will be careful 
 to cover accurately in file. 
 
 At roll-call, each man, as his name or number and 
 relief is called, comes to order arms. 
 
 168. While on guard, bayonets will be constantly 
 fixed. 
 
 ORDERS FOR SENTINELS ON POST. 
 
 169. Orders for sentinels on post are divided into 
 two classes, general orders and special orders. General 
 orders are divided into general orders proper, orders 
 for saluting, orders in case of fire or disorder, and 
 night orders. 1 
 
 GENERAL ORDERS PROPER. 
 
 170. A sentinel on post 
 
 Will take charge of all government property in 
 view ; 
 
 Will walk his post in a military manner, keeping 
 constantly on the alert, 2 observing everything that 
 takes place within sight or hearing ; 
 
 1 The orders printed in italics at the head of each of the 
 divisions of general orders should be memorized by the sentinel. 
 When called upon to repeat his general orders under any of tho 
 divisions above specified, he will repeat those printed in italics 
 only. His knowledge of the other provisions will be developed 
 by questions. 
 
 2 ARTICLE OF WAR 39. Any sentinel who is found sleeping 
 
44 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 Will report every breach of orders or regulations 
 which he is instructed to enforce ; 
 
 Will repeat all calls made from posts more distant 
 from the guard-house than his own; 
 
 Will not quit his post until properly relieved ; * 
 
 Will receive, transmit, and obey all orders from, 
 and allow himself to be relieved by his command- 
 ing officer, the officer of the day, an officer or non- 
 commissioned officer of the guard only. 
 
 171. Sentinels on post are not required to halt, or 
 change the position of their rifle, on arriving at the 
 end of their posts, or to execute the " To the rear, 
 march," precisely as described in the drill regulations, 
 but may face about, ivhile marching, in the way most 
 convenient to them, and either to the right about or 
 left about, and at any part of the post, as may be best 
 suited to the proper performance of their duties. They 
 will carry their arms at a support, or on either shoulder, 
 but will never quit them. In wet weather, if there be 
 no sentry-boxes, they may secure arms. 
 
 172. Sentinels will not engage in conversation not 
 necessary to the discharge of their duties. 
 
 173. Should sentry-boxes be provided, the sentinels 
 in them stand at order arms, or parade rest. Sentry- 
 boxes will be used in wet weather only. 
 
 upon his post, or who leaves it before he is regularly relieved, 
 shall suffer death, or such other punishment as a court-martial 
 may direct. 
 
 1 See note 2, page 43. 
 
GENERAL ORDERS PROPER. 45 
 
 174. In very hot weather, sentinels may be allowed 
 to stand at order arms or parade rest on their posts, 
 provided they can in this position effectively discharge 
 their duties. Sentinels will, however, before taking 
 advantage of this privilege, obtain the express authority 
 of the commander of the guard, or the officer of the 
 day. 
 
 175. The sentinels of a camp guard will arrest sus- 
 picious persons prowling about the camp at any time. 
 At night they arrest any one who attempts to enter, 
 even the soldiers of other corps. 
 
 176. Every unusual or suspicious event noticed by 
 a sentinel on post should be at once reported by him to 
 the corporal of the guard. 
 
 177. When calling for any purpose, or in commu- 
 nicating with any person, a sentinel will take the posi- 
 tion of port arms. 
 
 178. Mounted sentinels, in challenging, and holding 
 communications, will take the position of advance car- 
 bine, raise pistol, or guard, accordingly as they arc 
 armed with the carbine, pistol, or saber. They will not 
 dismount while on duty as sentinels. 
 
 179. A dismounted sentinel, armed with a saber, in 
 holding communications assumes the position of guard, 
 except that the left hand is at the side and the feet are 
 together. 
 
 180. If a relief become necessary, by reason of 
 sickness or other cause, the sentinel will call, " Relief, 
 corporal of the guard, No. ( )," giving the number 
 of his post. 
 
46 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 181. To call the corporal of the guard for any other 
 purpose than for a relief, the sentinel will call, " Cor- 
 poral of the guard, No. ( )." 
 
 182. Whenever relieved, a sentinel will repeat to his 
 successor all special orders pertaining to his post, in 
 detail. 
 
 183. When a relief is fifteen yards from him, he will 
 halt in his own person and face toward it with arms at 
 a carry. If to be relieved himself, he will come to 
 port arms at the command of the corporal ; or if 
 armed with the saber, at the command u Post" he will 
 take the position of guard, except that the left hand is 
 at the side and the feet together ; he will then advance 
 toward the new sentinel, and transmit to him the 
 special orders of his post. Both sentinels then resume 
 the carry, face outward, and step back one pace, 
 aligning themselves on the old corporal if he be pres- 
 ent. The old sentinel comes to a right shoulder, or 
 secure arms, at the command of the corporal, and takes 
 his place in rear of the relief as it passes him. When 
 the relief is fifteen yards past him, the new sentinel 
 begins to walk his post. 
 
 184. The sentinels at the post of the guard have 
 orders not to permit enlisted men to pass without re- 
 porting ; to warn the commander gf the approach of 
 any armed body ; and to arrest all suspicious or dis- 
 orderly persons. 
 
ORDERS FOR SALUTING. 47 
 
 ORDERS FOR SALUTING. 
 
 185. Between reveille and retreat, salute with a pre- 
 sent all officers, national arid regimental colors, that 
 pass within saluting distance. 
 
 Between retreat and reveille, except when challeng- 
 ing, face outward, and stand at attention, at a carry, 
 when an officer passes. 1 
 
 186. Between reveille and retreat is the interval be- 
 tween the firing of the morning and evening gun ; or, if 
 no gun be fired, it is the interval between the sounding 
 of the first note of the reveille, or the first march, if 
 inarches be played, and the last note of the retreat. 
 
 187. Saluting distance is the limit within which 
 individuals and the insignia of rank can be readily 
 recognized ; this is assumed to be about thirty yards. 
 Officers will be saluted, whether they be in uniform 
 or not. 
 
 188. All officers of the navy and marines, officers of 
 volunteers and militia in the service of the United 
 States, and officers of foreign services visiting at a post, 
 are entitled to a salute. 
 
 189. The following named persons are also entitled 
 to a salute : The President, Vice-President, Members 
 of the Cabinet, Chief Justice, and Speaker of the House 
 of Representatives of the United States ; Governors in 
 their respective States or Territories ; American or for- 
 eign envoys and ministers ; the Sovereign or Chief 
 
 1 See note, paragraph 169. 
 
48 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 Magistrate, and the Heir- Apparent and Consort of the 
 reigning sovereign of a foreign state. 
 
 190. The remains of a deceased officer or soldier 
 will be saluted. If there be a funeral escort, arms will 
 be presented as the escort approaches, and the present 
 maintained until the remains have passed. The sen- 
 tinel will then stand at attention, at a carry, until the 
 procession has passed. 
 
 191. Sentinels will salute an armed party com- 
 manded by a commissioned officer. The present is 
 given as the officer in command approaches, and is 
 maintained until he has passed. The sentinel then 
 stands at attention, at a carry, until the whole party 
 has passed. 
 
 192. An armed party under the command of a non- 
 commissioned officer is not saluted. The sentinel will, 
 however, stand at attention, facing outward, with arms 
 at a carry, while such a party passes. 
 
 193. To salute, a sentinel halts, facing in the direc- 
 tion in which he was walking, brings his piece to 
 a carry upon halting, and then faces outward. This is 
 done when* the approaching officer or party arrives at 
 a distance of about thirty yards from the sentinel. If 
 he approach along the post, the present will be given 
 when the officer arrives at a distance of about six yards. 
 If he pass in front of the sentinel, but not along the 
 post, he is saluted just before he passes the sentinel's 
 front. If he cross the post, he is sainted just before 
 he crosses. If he pass in rear, he is not saluted, but 
 the sentinel stands at attention, facing outward. 
 
*v \ 
 
 - 
 ORDERS Fcilffil&lTY 49 
 
 194. The sentinel will 1 1 i imTi in IWjrTM 1 1 ' until 
 his salute is returned, or until the person saluted has 
 passed. 
 
 195. Mounted sentinels, armed with the saher and 
 with sabers drawn, will salute by presenting saber ; if 
 armed with the carbine only, they will take the posi- 
 tion of advance carbine. 
 
 196. If an officer or a group of officers approach 
 and remain on or near a sentinel's post without coining 
 under any of the conditions described in paragraph 
 193, the sentinel will continue to walk his post, and 
 will salute the officer or group of officers, as he passes 
 them, with the rifle salute. The sentinel in repass- 
 ing the same officer or group of officers will not again 
 salute or pay any further compliment. 
 
 197. A sentinel in a sentry-box, upon the approach 
 of an officer, will stand at a carry, and if armed with 
 a rifle or carbine, will present arms as the officer 
 passes. 
 
 198. In wet weather, with no sentry-boxes, the usual 
 salutes will be rendered. 
 
 199. A sentinel at port arms, and in communication 
 with an officer, will not interrupt the communication 
 for the purpose of saluting a junior, unless directed by 
 the senior to do so. 
 
 200. The sentinel at the guard-house salutes in every 
 way as prescribed above. 
 
 Between reveille and retreat, in addition to the 
 salutes rendered by him, he will, on the approach of an 
 
50 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 armed body of troops or a person entitled to the com- 
 pliment, call, " Turn out the guard" and announce 
 who approaches. The guard will not be turned out 
 for troops at drill \vhen they pass the guard-house. 
 
 201. Though the guard be already formed, he will 
 not fail to call, u Turn out the guard" on the approach 
 of any person entitled to the compliment. 
 
 202. The following persons are entitled to this com- 
 pliment : The President, Vice-President, Members of 
 the Cabinet, Chief Justice, and Speaker of the House 
 of Representatives of the United States ; Governors in 
 their respective states or territories ; the Sovereign or 
 Chief Magistrate of a foreign state ; the Heir- Apparent 
 and Consort of the reigning sovereign of a foreign 
 state ; all general officers of the army ; general officers 
 of a foreign service visiting at a post ; naval, marine, 
 volunteer, and militia officers in the service of the 
 United States and holding the relative rank of a general 
 officer ; American or foreign envoys or ministers ; 
 commanding officer, and the officer of the day. 
 
 203. The relative rank of officers of the navy and 
 army is as follows : Admiral, general ; vice-admiral, 
 lieutenant-general ; rear-admiral, major-general ; com- 
 modore, brigadier-general ; captain, colonel ; com- 
 mander, lieutenant-colonel ; lieutenant - commander, 
 major; lieutenant, captain; lieutenant (junior grade), 
 first lieutenant ; ensign, second lieutenant. 
 
 204. The guard will be turned out for national or 
 regimental colors. 
 
ORDERS FOR SALUTING. 51 
 
 205. All guards will be turned out for officers en- 
 titled to the compliment as often as they pass, except 
 personal guards of general officers, which turn out only 
 to the general whose guards they are, and to officers 
 his superior in rank. 
 
 206. The following examples illustrate the manner 
 in which the sentinel will turn out the guard : " Turn 
 out the guard, commanding officer ; " " Turn out the 
 guard, Governor of Territory ; " " Turn out the guard, 
 national colors ; " " Turn out the guard, armed party," 
 etc. At the approach of the new guard at guard- 
 mounting, the old guard will be turned out, as in the 
 last example. 
 
 207. If the person named does not desire the guard 
 formed, he will salute, or say, "Never mind the guard" 
 whereupon the sentinel will call " Never mind the 
 guard" 
 
 208. After having called, " Turn out the guard," 
 the sentinel will not in any case call, "Never mind 
 the guard" on the approach of an armed party. 
 
 209. If two or more persons entitled to compliment 
 approach at the same time, either together or from 
 different directions, the sentinel, in his call, mentions 
 first the senior only. If the senior does not desire to 
 have the guard formed, the sentinel will then call, 
 " Turn out the guard" announcing the next in rank, 
 and so on until all entitled to the compliment have been 
 noticed, when, if none desire the guard formed, the sen- 
 tinel calls, " Never mind the guard" If, however, one 
 
52 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 of the number desire the guard to be formed, the sen- 
 tinel will not call for those to whom such person is sen- 
 ior, though they be of rank that would entitle them to 
 compliment. 
 
 ORDERS IN CASE OF FIRE OR DISORDER. 
 
 210. In case of fire or disorder, give the alarm. 1 
 
 211. In case of disorder, a sentinel will cry, " The 
 guard" If a fire takes place, he will cry, "Fire" 
 adding in either case the number of his post. If the 
 danger be great, he will discharge his piece before 
 calling. 
 
 212. The sentinel will, if possible, arrest all parties 
 to a disorder arising on or near his post, and turn them 
 over to the corporal of the guard. 
 
 213. In case of fire or disorder arising near the 
 guard-house, the sentinel posted there will call the cor- 
 poral of the guard and report the facts to him. 
 
 NIGHT ORDERS. 2 
 
 214. At night, exercise the greatest vigilance. Af- 
 ter retreat, or the hour appointed by the commanding 
 
 1 See note, paragraph 169. 
 
 2 The following- orders imply that sentinels have instructions 
 to pass persons with the countersign. This is always the case, 
 unless otherwise ordered by the commanding- officer, who, if the 
 necessity or expediency exist, may require all persons to be 
 passed by an officer or non-commissioned officer of the guard 
 only. The commanding officer will prescribe how and where 
 soldiers and others shall enter or leave the camp. 
 
NIGHT ORDERS. 53 
 
 officer, until broad daylight, challenge all parties seen 
 on or near the post, arid allow no persons to pass 
 without proper authority. 1 
 
 FOR ALL SENTINELS EXCEPT THE ONE AT THE 
 GUAKD-HOUSE. 
 
 215. Between retreat (or the hour appointed by the 
 commanding officer) and broad daylight, if a sentinel 
 see any party on or near his post, he will advance 
 rapidly along his post toward such party, and when 
 about thirty yards from it, will take the position of 
 port arms (or, if armed with the saber, of guard, ex- 
 cept that the left hand is at the side) and challenge 
 sharply, " Who comes there ? " 
 
 216. Until duly recognized, by countersign or other- 
 wise, the sentinel will allow no one to approach nearer 
 than within reach of his bayonet, a distance of about 
 eight feet. 
 
 If there be two or more persons in the party chal- 
 lenged, the sentinel will suffer one only of such party 
 to approach him for the purpose of giving the counter- 
 sign, or, if no countersign be used, of being duly recog- 
 nized. When this has been done, the whole party is 
 advanced, i. 0., allowed to pass. Thus : if the answer 
 be "Friends," the sentinel will call, "Halt. Advance 
 one with the countersign ; " the countersign being 
 given, the sentinel will say, " The countersign is right. 
 Advance, friends." 
 
 If the answer be, " Patrol," the sentinel will call, 
 1 See note, paragraph 109. 
 
54 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 "Halt. Advance one with the countersign;" then, 
 " The countersign is right. Advance, patrol" 
 
 If the answer be, " Officer of the day and officer of 
 the guard," the sentinel will call, " Halt. Advance 
 one with the countersign ; " then, u The countersign is 
 right. Advance, officer of the day and officer of the 
 guard." 
 
 If the answer be, " Officer of the day and friends," 
 the sentinel will call, " Halt. Advance one with the 
 countersign ; " then, " The countersign is right. Ad- 
 vance, officer of the day and friends " 
 
 If the answer be, " Relief," the sentinel will call, 
 "Halt. Advance one with the countersign;" then, 
 " The countersign is right. Advance relief." 
 
 And so in all similar cases. % 
 
 217. If the answer to the sentinel's challenge indi- 
 cate that one person alone is approaching, the proced- 
 ure is the same in all cases. A single instance will 
 illustrate : The answer being, " Friend with the coun- 
 tersign," the sentinel will call, " Advance, friend with 
 the countersign ; " then, " The countersign is right. 
 Advance, friend." 
 
 218. In case a mounted party be challenged, before 
 advancing it, the sentinel will cause it to dismount, 
 calling, "Dismount," after receiving an answer to his 
 challenge. He then advances one with the countersign, 
 according to the foregoing rules. 
 
 219. If two or more parties approach a sentinel's 
 post from different directions and at the same time, all 
 
NIGHT ORDERS. 55 
 
 such parties are separately challenged and halted in 
 turn. The senior is first advanced in accordance with 
 the foregoing rules. The senior, if competent to give 
 orders to the sentinel, may direct the sentinel to ad- 
 vance any or all of the other parties. Without such 
 direction the sentinel will not advance any of them 
 until the senior leaves him. He will then advance 
 the senior only of the remaining parties, and when 
 he directs or leaves him the others will be similarly 
 advanced. 
 
 220. If a party be already advanced and in commu- 
 nication with a sentinel, the latter will challenge any 
 other party who may approach ; if the party challenged 
 be senior to the one already on his post, the sentinel 
 will advance such party at once ; if junior, he will cause 
 it to wait until the senior leaves him. 
 
 221. The following order of rank will govern a sen- 
 tinel in advancing different parties approaching his post 
 at night : Commanding officer, officer of the day, officer 
 of the guard, patrols, non-commissioned officers of the 
 guard in the order of rank, friends, relief. 
 
 222. If no countersign be used, the rules for chal- 
 lenging are the same. The rules for advancing parties 
 are modified only as follows : Instead of saying, " Ad- 
 vance (So and So) with the countersign" the sentinel 
 will say, "Advance (So and So) to be recognized.' 9 
 Upon recognition, the sentinel will say, "All right. 
 Advance (So and So)" 
 
 223. The sentinel will never allow himself to be sur- 
 
* 
 56 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 prised, or permit two parties to advance upon him at 
 the same time. 
 
 224. In all cases the sentinel will satisfy himself, 
 before passing them, that the parties are what they 
 represent themselves to be, and have a right to pass. 
 If he be not so satisfied, he will cause them to stand, 
 and call the corporal of the guard. So, likewise, if he 
 have no authority to pass persons with the countersign, 
 or when the party challenged has not the countersign, 
 or gives an incorrect one. 
 
 225. After challenging and duly recognizing an offi- 
 cer, the sentinel, unless spoken to, stands at attention 
 at a carry until the officer has passed him. If the 
 officer, however, remain in the vicinity, the sentinel 
 will resume walking his post. 
 
 226. A sentinel will not divulge the countersign to 
 any one excepting the sentinel who relieves him, or to 
 a person from whom he properly receives orders, on 
 such person's order. 1 
 
 227. Should sentinels be required to call off the hours 
 or half-hours of the night, they will call successively in 
 the numerical order of their posts, beginning at the 
 guard-house, each one giving the number of his post, 
 
 1 ARTICLE OF WAR 44. Any person belonging 1 to the armies 
 of the United States who makes known the watchword to any 
 person not entitled to receive it, according to the rules and dis- 
 cipline of war, or presumes to give a parole or watchword differ- 
 ent from that which he received, shall suffer death, or such 
 other punishment as a court martial may direct. 
 
NIGHT ORDERS, 57 
 
 repeating the hour of the night, and *then adding : 
 "All's well." Thus: "No. 2, eleven o'clock. All's 
 well." This call should be made, and the number of 
 the post and the hour announced, in a clear and dis- 
 tinct manner, without > unduly prolonging the words. 
 In case any sentinel fails to call off, the one next pre- 
 ceding him will repeat the call ; if he does not hear the 
 next sentinel take it up within a reasonable time, he 
 will call the corporal of the guard and inform him of 
 the facts. 
 
 FOB SENTINELS AT THE GUARD-HOUSE. 
 
 228. The sentinel at the guard-house, between re- 
 treat (or the hour appointed by the tommanding offi- 
 cer) and broad daylight, will challenge all parties who 
 approach the guard-house, or attempt to cross his post, 
 but unlike other sentinels he will advance no one. 
 After receiving an answer to his challenge, he will call, 
 "Halt. Corporal of the guard (So and So)," repeat- 
 ing the answer to his challenge. He will not in such 
 cases repeat the number of his post. He remains in 
 the position assumed in challenging until the corporal 
 of the guard turns out and advances the party chal- 
 lenged, when he resumes walking his post, unless the 
 party be entitled to a salute ; the sentinel will in this 
 case stand at attention at a carry. As soon as the 
 compliment is recognized, he resumes walking his post. 
 
 229. In calling the hours of the night, he will, at the 
 direction of a non-commissioned officer of the guard, 
 
58 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 call, " No. 1 (such) o'clock" After the call has passed 
 around the chain of sentinels he will call, "No. 1. All 's 
 well." 
 
 230. Between retreat and the hour appointed for 
 challenging to begin, and between broad daylight and 
 reveille, he will call, " Corporal of the guard, No. 1," 
 on the approach of any person entitled to compliment, 
 and will stand at attention at a carry if any officer 
 pass him, 
 
 SPECIAL ORDERS. 
 
 231. Special orders define the duties to be performed 
 by a sentinel on a particular post, and are prescribed 
 by the commanding officer. 
 
 232. The limits and extent of his post will invariably 
 constitute one of the special orders of every sentinel on 
 post. 
 
 233. The sentinel at the commanding officer's tent 
 will warn him, day or night, of any unusual movement 
 in or about the camp. 1 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 234. All persons, of whatever rank in the service, 
 are required to observe respect towards sentinels. 
 
 235. The salute of a sentinel will invariably be re- 
 turned by the officer saluted. 
 
 1 For special orders of color sentinels and of sentinels in 
 charge of prisoners, see paragraphs 311 and 347, 348. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 59 
 
 236. Standing at attention by a sentinel, after the 
 hour for challenging, is sufficient compliment to require 
 its recognition, by a salute, from an officer in passing. 
 
 237. Any person entitled to compliment from a 
 guard, who does not desire to have the guard formed 
 for him, will, at the call of the sentinel at the guard- 
 house, designating his title, either salute, or say, loudly 
 enough to be heard by the sentinel, " Never mind the 
 guard" 
 
 238. A general officer, or the commander of a regi- 
 ment or post, may visit the guards of his command, and 
 make such inspections as he may consider essential. 
 At night, or in the field, he will take from the main 
 body of the guard such escort as he may deem neces- 
 sary to accompany him to the next guard, on reach- 
 ing which he will order back his escort, and, taking 
 a new one, will proceed in the same manner to other 
 guards. 
 
 239. All material instructions given to sentinels by 
 persons entitled to visit and inspect them, will be 
 promptly reported to the commander of the guard by 
 the officer giving them. 
 
 240. Any person having authority to inspect a guard, 
 and who wishes to do so, will, after the guard is pre- 
 sented, direct its commander to prepare it for in- 
 spection. 
 
 241. The commander of an armed party, on passing 
 a guard or sentinel, will bring his command to a carry 
 before returning the salute of such guard or sentinel. 
 
60 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 242. Officers or enlisted men passing the colors will 
 salute whether with or without arms. With no arms 
 in hand, the salute will be made by raising the cap or 
 helmet. If the colors are on the stacks, the salute will 
 also be made on crossing the color-line. 
 
 STABLE GUARDS (CAVALRY). 
 
 243. Stable guards are for the protection of the 
 horses, equipments, and forage, as well as for the en- 
 forcement of the special regulations in regard to stables 
 and horses. 
 
 244. Stable guards will be posted in each cavalry 
 stable, under the supervision and control of their re- 
 spective troop commanders, and will consist of not less 
 than one non-commissioned officer and three privates. 
 At all posts not occupied exclusively by cavalry, a 
 proper credit will be allowed each cavalry troop, upon 
 the guard roster of the post, for the number of men 
 furnished for its stable guard. 1 The sentinels will be 
 posted within the stable, or at the picket lines when 
 the horses are kept outside. The stable guard may be 
 used as a herd guard during the day, when grazing is 
 practicable. 
 
 245. The stable guard will be mounted separately 
 for each troop, under the supervision of the troop com- 
 mander, and at such time and place as may be author- 
 ized by the commanding officer. 
 
 1 See note to paragraph 14. 
 
STABLE GUARDS. 61 
 
 246. The tour continues for twenty-four hours, or 
 until properly relieved by the new guard. 
 
 247. The employment of stable guards for police 
 and fatigue duties at the stables is forbidden, but this 
 will not prohibit the stable guard from being required 
 to assist in feeding grain before reveille. 
 
 248. The members of the stable guard will groom 
 their own horses at the stable hour. They will wear 
 stable frocks while grooming, belts outside the frock. 
 
 249. Neither the non-commissioned officers nor mem- 
 bers of the stable guard will absent themselves from 
 the immediate vicinity of the stables, except in case of 
 urgent necessity. No member of the guard will leave 
 for any purpose, without the authority of the non-com- 
 missioned officer of the guard. 
 
 250. The non-commissioned officer and one mem- 
 ber of the guard will go for meals at the proper hour ; 
 upon their return, the other members of the guard will 
 be directed to go by the non-commissioned officer. 
 
 251. When the horses are ordered on herd, the 
 guard will be governed by special instructions from 
 the troop commander. 
 
 252. Smoking in stables or in their immediate vicin- 
 ity is prohibited. No fire or light, other than the 
 stable lantern, will be permitted in the stables. 
 
 253. Stable guard duty in the field will be per- 
 formed upon the same principles, with the modifica- 
 tions rendered necessary by the change of conditions. 
 
62 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER OF STABLE GUARD. 
 
 254. The non-commissioned officer receives his orders 
 from the troop commander, to whom he will report 
 immediately after posting his first sentinel, and when 
 relieved will turn over all his orders to his successor. 
 He instructs the sentinels in their general and special 
 duties ; exercises general supervision over his entire 
 guard ; exacts order and cleanliness about the guard- 
 room ; prevents the introduction of intoxicants into the 
 guard-room or stables ; receives, by count, from his 
 predecessor, the animals, horse equipments, and all prop- 
 erty (both public and private) pertaining thereto ; ex- 
 amines, before relieving his predecessor, all locks, win- 
 dows, and doors, and should any be found unsafe, the 
 fact will be reported to his troop commander when he 
 reports for orders. He will personally post and relieve 
 each sentinel, taking care to verify the property re- 
 sponsibility of the sentinel who comes off post, and to 
 see that the sentinel who goes on post is aware of the 
 property responsibility that he assumes. 
 
 255. That the non-commissioned officer may be 
 more thoroughly informed of his responsibility, all 
 horses returned to the stable will be reported to, and 
 be inspected by him, excepting those returning from 
 formation. He will then notify the sentinel of the 
 number returned, and see that the horses are properly 
 cared for. In case of abuse, he will promptly report 
 the facts to the troop commander. Should the horse 
 
STABLE GUARDS. 63 
 
 be the private property of an officer, he will report 
 such abuse to the owner. 
 
 256. The non-commissioned officer will report any 
 unusual occurrence during his tour direct to his troop 
 commander. 
 
 257. Horses and other property for which the non- 
 commissioned officer is responsible will not be taken 
 from the stables without the order of the troop com- 
 mander, except in the following cases : 
 
 A. Officers' horses are subject to their owner's or- 
 ders. 
 
 B. Horses for authorized mounted duty may be 
 taken out on the written order of the first sergeant, 
 which order will be preserved and handed to the troop 
 commander by the non-commissioned officer when he 
 marches off guard. 
 
 C. Horses may be taken from the stables for other 
 than military duty, under regulations prescribed by the 
 troop commander, approved by the commanding officer. 
 
 D. No formal order will be required for horses and 
 equipments to leave the stable at the established hours 
 for mounted drills, ceremonies, watering, and herd. 
 The non-commissioned officer will, however, be present, 
 and satisfy himself that the horses and equipments are 
 taken out solely for these purposes. 
 
 258. The non-commissioned officer will have exclu- 
 sive control of the lanterns, and will see that they are 
 prepared during the day for lighting at night. 
 
 259. The lanterns will not be lighted, filled, or 
 
64 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 trimmed in the stables, but must be taken to the guard- 
 room, or such other place as may be designated by the 
 troop commander for the purpose. 
 
 260. The non-commissioned officer must answer the 
 sentinel's calls promptly. 
 
 261. In case of fire, the non-commissioned officer 
 will see that the doors farthest from the side from 
 which the wind is blowing are promptly thrown open ; 
 he will then commence with his entire guard to lead 
 out the horses and secure them at the picket line, or 
 such other place as may have been previously desig- 
 nated in case of fire. 
 
 262. Whenever it becomes necessary for the non- 
 commissioned officer to leave his guard, he will desig- 
 nate a member of it to take charge and assume his 
 responsibility during his absence. 
 
 SENTINEL OF THE STABLE GUARD. 
 
 263. The sentinel in the discharge of his duties 
 will be governed by the regulations for sentinels of 
 other guards whenever they are applicable; such as 
 courtesies to officers, walking post in a soldierly man- 
 ner, challenging, etc. He will not turn out the guard 
 except when ordered by proper authority. 
 
 264. The sentinel will receive orders from the com- 
 manding officer, the troop commander, and the non- 
 commissioned officer of the stable guard only. 
 
 265. The sentinel will not permit any horse or 
 equipments to be taken from the stables, except in 
 presence of the non-commissioned officer. 
 
STABLE GUARD. 65 
 
 266. Should a horse get loose, the sentinel will catch 
 him and tie him up. If he be unable to catch the 
 horse, the non-commissioned officer will be at once no- 
 tified. In case a horse be cast, or in any way entangled, 
 he will relieve him if possible ; if unable to relieve 
 him, he will call the non-commissioned officer. Senti- 
 nels are forbidden to punish or maltreat a horse. 
 
 267. When a horse is taken sick, the sentinel will 
 notify the non-commissioned officer, who in turn will 
 call the farrier, and see that the horse is properly at- 
 tended to. 
 
 268. In case of fire, the sentinel will give the alarm 
 by stepping outside the stable and firing his pistol or 
 piece repeatedly, calling out at the same time, " Fire. 
 Stables. Troop . ' ' 
 
 As soon as the guard is alarmed, he will at once 
 open the doors farthest from the side from which the 
 wind is blowing, drop the chain and bars, and< with the 
 other members of the guard, will proceed to lead out 
 the horses and secure them at the picket line, or such 
 other place as may have been previously designated in 
 case of fire. 
 
 269. The sentinel will take off his stable frock after 
 he has finished grooming his horse ; as soon as stable 
 duty is over he will be again posted. 
 
66 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 STABLE AND PARK GUARD (ARTILLERY). 
 
 270. The pieces, caissons, etc., with their ammuni- 
 tion and stores, as well as the horses, harness, and for- 
 age, are in charge of a stable and park guard consist- 
 ing of two non-commissioned officers and as many 
 privates as may be necessary. 
 
 271. This guard will be mounted separately for each 
 battery, and will be under the exclusive control of the 
 battery commander. 
 
 272. A lieutenant of the battery is detailed daily as 
 battery officer of the day ; the stable and park guard 
 is under his immediate orders, and those of the captain. 
 
 273. It is the duty of this guard to enforce the spe- 
 cial regulations in regard to the stables, horses, and 
 park. 
 
 274. The tour continues for twenty-four hours, or 
 until properly relieved by a new guard. 
 
 275. The sentinels of the stable and park guard will 
 be posted and relieved in the same manner as those of 
 other guards. They are forbidden to strike or other- 
 wise punish horses ; they wear the saber-belt only when 
 on post at the stable or picket-line. 
 
 276. The sentinels over the horses receive orders 
 from the stable sergeant. 
 
 277. The guard, non-commissioned officers, and sen- 
 tinel will perform their duties in accordance with the 
 rules prescribed for the cavalry stable guard. 
 
COUNTERSIGNS AND PAROLES. 67 
 
 PATROLS. 
 
 278. A patrol is a small detachment of two or more 
 men detailed to observe and obtain information of the 
 enemy, or to perform some special service connected with 
 guard duty. Patrols are usually detailed from the guard 
 and receive their instructions from its commander. 
 
 279. If the patrol be required to go beyond the 
 chain of sentinels, the officer or non-commissioned offi- 
 cer in command should be furnished with the counter- 
 sign, and the outposts and sentinels warned. 
 
 280. If challenged by a sentinel, the patrol is halted 
 by its commander, and the non-commissioned officer 
 accompanying it advances alone and gives the counter- 
 sign. 
 
 COUNTERSIGNS AND PAROLES. 
 
 281. Countersigns, paroles, and watchwords will be 
 used in the performance of guard duty, especially in 
 the presence or vicinity of an enemy. The u counter- 
 sign " is a word given daily to enable guards and sen- 
 tinels to distinguish persons at night. It is given to- 
 such persons as are entitled to pass and repass during 
 the night, and to the officer, non-commissioned officers, 
 and sentinels of the guard. To officers commanding 
 guards a second word, called the " parole," will be given 
 as a check upon the countersign, by which such officers 
 
68 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 as are entitled to make visits of inspection at night may 
 be distinguished. 1 
 
 282. Sentinels will not make use of the countersign 
 except for the purpose of enabling them to distinguish 
 persons while on duty as sentinels. Interior guards re- 
 ceive the countersign only when ordered by the com- 
 mander of the troops. 
 
 283. When the parole and countersign cannot be 
 communicated daily to a post or detachment which 
 ought to use the same as the main body, a series of 
 words may be sent for some days in advance. 
 
 284. If the countersign be lost, or if a member of 
 the guard desert with it, the commander on the spot 
 will substitute another for it, and report the case at 
 once to the proper superior, that immediate notice may 
 be given to headquarters. 
 
 285. The parole is given to such persons only as have 
 a right to inspect guards, and to officers in command 
 of guards. 
 
 286. No person shall make known the countersign 
 or parole to any person not entitled to receive them. 2 
 
 287. In addition to the countersign, use may be made 
 of preconcerted signals, such as striking the rifle with 
 the hand, or striking the hands together a certain num- 
 ber of times as agreed upon. Such signals may be used 
 by the guards throughout the same general command, 
 or by those guards only which occupy exposed points. 
 
 1 See Appendix II. 
 
 2 See note, paragraph 226. 
 
FLAGS AND COLORS. 69 
 
 They are made before the countersign is given, and 
 must not be made known to any person not authorized 
 to know the countersign. Their use is intended to pre- 
 vent the surprise of a sentinel. 
 
 288. In the daytime, signals may be used by senti- 
 nels to communicate with the guard or with each other. 
 They may be made by raising a cap or a handkerchief 
 in a preconcerted manner. 
 
 289. Paroles and countersigns are issued in the form 
 of an order, a copy of which is sent to all persons en- 
 titled to use them. The parole is omitted in the order 
 sent to a person entitled to use the countersign only. 
 
 FLAGS AND COLORS. 
 
 290. The Garrison Flag is the national flag. It is 
 furnished to very important posts only, or those having 
 large garrisons, * and will be hoisted only on gala days 
 and great occasions. 
 
 The Post Flag is furnished to all posts garrisoned by 
 troops, and will be hoisted only in pleasant weather. 
 
 The Storm Flag is furnished to all occupied military 
 posts, and will be hoisted in stormy or windy weather. 
 
 291. It is the duty of the officer of the guard to see 
 that the proper flag is hoisted. 
 
 292. The flag should be hoisted at reveille and low- 
 
 1 These posts are designated from Headquarters of the 
 
 Army. 
 
70 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 ered at retreat. In case of storm, either of wind or 
 rain, he will see that the storm flag is promptly raised. 
 
 293. Under no circumstances will the flag of a mili- 
 tary post be dipped by way of salute or compliment. 
 
 294. On the death of an officer at a military post, 
 the flag is displayed at half-staff and kept so, between 
 the hours of reveille and retreat, until the last salvo or 
 volley is fired over his grave, or, if the remains are not 
 interred at the post, until they are removed therefrom. 
 
 295. During the funeral of an enlisted man the flag 
 is displayed at half-staff, and is hoisted to the top after 
 the final volley or gun is fired. 
 
 296. All military posts in sight, or within six miles 
 of each other, display their flags at half-staff upon the 
 occasion of either one doing so. 
 
 297. On all occasions when the flag is displayed at 
 half-staff it is lowered to that position from the top of 
 the staff. It is afterwards hoisted to the top before 
 being finally lowered. 
 
 298. The national colors will always be displayed at 
 the time of firing salutes. 
 
 299. The sentinel at the guard-house, or the sentinel 
 nearest the flag-staff, will report at once to the corporal 
 of the guard any danger to the flag, from loosened 
 halyards, or from entanglement with either halyards 
 or staff. 
 
 300. When practicable, a detail consisting of a non- 
 commissioned officer and two privates of the guard will 
 be detailed to raise or lower the flag. This detail is 
 
FLAGS AND COLORS. 71 
 
 formed in line, in side arms, or if the special equip- 
 ment does not include side arms, then in belts only ; 
 the detail is marched to the staff, the non-commis- 
 sioned officer, carrying the flag, in the center. The 
 flag is then securely attached to the halyards, and if 
 at reveille, is rapidly hoisted at the sounding of the 
 first note of the reveille, or the first note of the 
 march, if a march is played before the reveille. Tlio 
 halyards are then securely fastened to the cleat on the 
 staff. 
 
 301. If the flag is to be lowered, the halyards are 
 loosened from the staff and made perfectly free. At 
 retreat, the flag is lowered at the sounding of the last 
 note of the retreat. It is then neatly folded, and the 
 halyards are made fast. The detail is then marched 
 to the guard-house, where the flag is turned over to the 
 commander of the guard. 
 
 302. The commander of the guard will see that 
 proper details are made to hoist or lower the flag at 
 reveille and retreat, and that these details are made in 
 time for these duties to be properly performed. 
 
 303. Should the national or regimental colors be 
 on the stacks on the color line, in case the stacks are 
 broken for any cause, the sergeant of the guard, un- 
 armed, will take two armed privates as a guard, and 
 will carry the colors to the colonel's quarters. 
 
72 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 COLOR LINE AND SENTINELS. 
 
 304. A sufficient number of sentinels, not to exceed 
 three, is placed on the color line to guard the stacks 
 and colors. 
 
 305. In camps for the instruction of troops the proper 
 number of sentinels for the color line may be selected 
 from the guard by the adjutant at guard-mounting, the 
 required number of extra men being detailed for guard 
 for this purpose. They are designated color sentinels, 
 and are selected in the manner prescribed for the selec- 
 tion of the orderly for the commanding officer. 1 
 
 306. Color sentinels so selected are on post only so 
 long as the stacks are formed. Their places are taken 
 at night by the other sentinels posted on the color front 
 or on the flanks. 
 
 307. When stacks are broken, they may be permitted 
 to return to their respective companies. They are re- 
 quired to report in person to the officer of the guard at 
 reveille and tattoo. They will fall in with the guard, 
 under arms, at retreat and at guard-mounting. 
 
 308. Color sentinels are not placed on the regular 
 reliefs, nor is their post numbered. In calling for the 
 corporal of the guard, they call, " Corporal of the 
 guard. Color line" 
 
 309. The time of walking post on the color line is 
 equally divided among the color sentinels, by the officer 
 of the guard. 
 
 1 See paragraph 151. 
 
73 
 
 310. A color sentinel on post is subject to, and will 
 observe, all the general orders prescribed for sentinels 
 on other posts. 
 
 SPECIAL ORDERS FOR COLOR SENTINELS. 
 
 311. A sentinel placed over the colors will not per- 
 mit them to be moved, except in presence of an armed 
 escort. 
 
 He will allow no one to touch them but the color 
 bearer, or a non-commissioned officer of the guard when 
 he is accompanied by two armed men. 
 
 He will not permit any soldier to take arms from the 
 stacks or to touch them, except by order of some officer, 
 or a non-commissioned officer of the guard. 1 
 
 He will see that every person crossing the color line 
 salutes the colors. In case any person fails to pay this 
 mark of respect to the colors, he will call the corporal 
 of the guard, and inform him of the case. 
 
 PRISONERS. 
 
 312. The following articles of war bear directly upon 
 the subject of the confinement of prisoners by a military 
 guard, and their provisions must be carefully observed : 
 
 313. ARTICLE 66. Soldiers charged with crimes 
 shall be confined until tried by court-martial, or released 
 by proper authority. 
 
 1 This order applies also to other sentinels pasted on the color 
 front. 
 
74 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 314. ARTICLE 67. No provost marshal, or officer 
 commanding a guard, shall refuse to receive or keep 
 any prisoner committed to his charge by an officer be- 
 longing to the forces of the United States ; provided 
 the officer committing shall, at the same time, deliver 
 an account in writing, signed by himself, of the crime 
 charged against the prisoner. 
 
 315. ARTICLE 68. Every officer to whose charge 
 a prisoner is committed shall, within twenty-four hours 
 after such commitment, or as soon as he is relieved 
 from his guard, report in writing, to the commanding 
 officer, the name of such prisoner, the crime charged 
 against him, and the name of the officer committing 
 him ; and if he fails to make such report, he shall be 
 punished as a court-martial may direct. 
 
 316. ARTICLE 69. Any officer who presumes, 
 without proper authority, to release any prisoner com- 
 mitted to his charge, or suffers any prisoner so com- 
 mitted to escape, shall be punished as a court-martial 
 may direct. 
 
 317. ARTICLE 70. No officer or soldier in arrest 
 shall be continued in confinement more than eight days, 
 or until such time as a court martial can be assembled. 
 
 318. The Revised Statutes of the United States con- 
 tain the following section : 
 
 SECTION 2151. No person apprehended by military 
 force under the preceding section l shall be detained 
 
 1 The preceding- section referred to, Section 2150, R. S., pro- 
 vides for the employment, by direction of the President, of the 
 
PRISONERS. 75 
 
 longer than five days after arrest and before removal. 
 All officers and soldiers who may have any such person 
 in custody shall treat him with all the humanity which 
 the circumstances may permit. 
 
 319. The commander of a guard will place a civilian 
 in confinement only on an order from higher authority, 
 unless such civilian be arrested while in the act of com- 
 mitting some crime within the limits of the military 
 jurisdiction ; in which case the commanding officer will 
 be immediately notified. 
 
 320. Civilian prisoners, and soldiers in confinement 
 belonging to other commands, are temporarily attached 
 to companies for rations. 
 
 321. Non-commissioned officers will not bo confined 
 at the guard-house in company with privates, but will 
 be placed in arrest in their barracks or quarters, ex- 
 cept in aggravated cases, where escape is feared. 
 
 322. The arrest of a non-commissioned officer and 
 the confinement of a soldier will be reported to his im- 
 mediate commander as soon as practicable. 
 
 323. An officer ordering a soldier into confinement 
 will send a written statement, signed by himself, to 
 the commander of the guard, setting forth the name, 
 company, and regiment of such soldier, and a brief 
 statement of his alleged offense. It is sufficient state- 
 ment of the offense to give the number of the article of 
 war under which the soldier is charged. 
 
 military forces of the United States in the execution of certain 
 laws relative to Indians and to the Indian country. 
 
76 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 324. If, at guard-mounting, no such statement has 
 been received, the commander of the guard will direct 
 the attention of the officer of the day to the case, and 
 the latter officer will order the prisoner to be released, 
 unless he has received specific orders to the contrary 
 from the commanding officer. 
 
 325. The commander of the guard will, at guard- 
 mounting, also report to the officer of the day all pris- 
 oners to be released by reason of expiration of term of 
 sentence. 
 
 326. The officer of the guard, or officer of the day, 
 if there be no officer of the guard, will read the sen- 
 tences of prisoners to them at the guard-house when 
 the order promulgating the same is received. 
 
 327. The commander of a guard is responsible for 
 the security of the prisoners under the charge of his 
 guard. He will inspect the guard-rooms and cells, and 
 the irons of such prisoners as may be ironed, at least 
 once during his tour, and at such other times as he 
 may deem necessary. 
 
 328. He will see that the sentences of prisoners un- 
 der his charge are executed strictly as confirmed by 
 the reviewing authority. 
 
 329. He will cause sentinels over working parties of 
 prisoners to be taken from those assigned to posts 
 guarded at night only. If there be none such, he will 
 cause this duty to be divided as equally as possible 
 among the soldiers of his guard. 
 
 330. Enlisted men in confinement awaiting trial 
 
PRISONERS. 77 
 
 will not be sent out to work with prisoners undergoing 
 sentence. While thus confined they will be given suf- 
 ficient daily exercise under the supervision of a guard ; 
 and they may, in the discretion of the commanding 
 officer, be required to attend drills, and perform such 
 labor as is habitually required of soldiers. 
 
 331 . Prisoners awaiting trial by or under sentence 
 of a general court-martial will, if practicable, be kept 
 apart from those confined by sentence of a garrison 
 court, or for minor offenses. 
 
 332. The officer of the guard will inspect all meals 
 sent to the guard-house for the prisoners, and will see 
 that the quantity and quality are in accordance with 
 regulations. 
 
 333. The sergeant of the guard has direct charge of 
 prisoners, and is responsible to the commander of the 
 guard for their security. He will receive prisoners 
 committed to the charge of the guard, and will take 
 from them all articles not proper for prisoners to re- 
 tain while in confinement. ' Such articles, labeled with 
 the owner's name, will be handed to the commander of 
 the guard. They will be turned over to the com- 
 mander of the company to which the soldier belongs, 
 or to which he is temporarily attached. 
 
 334. The sergeant of the guard will see that no con- 
 traband articles of any kind are conveyed to prisoners. 
 He will carry the keys of the guard-room and cells, 
 and will not suffer them to leave his personal possession 
 while he is at the guard-house, except as hereinafter 
 provided. 1 Should he leave the guard-house for any 
 
 1 See paragraph :MO. 
 
78 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 purpose, he will turn the keys over to the non-commis- 
 sioned officer of the guard next in rank who may be 
 present. 
 
 335. He will see that the guard-room and cells are 
 thoroughly policed twice daily, morning and evening. 
 
 336. He will see that prisoners pay proper attention 
 to cleanliness of person. He will cause each prisoner 
 to wash himself at least once each day, or oftener if 
 necessary. Each prisoner should be required to bathe 
 his whole person at least once a week. 
 
 337. He will see that prisoners are furnished with 
 food from their respective companies, or from the com- 
 panies to which they may be temporarily attached. He 
 will count the knives, forks, etc., given to prisoners 
 with their food, and see that none of these articles re- 
 main in their possession. 
 
 Enlisted men bringing meals to prisoners will not 
 be allowed to enter the guard-room. 
 
 338. No prisoner will be allowed to leave the guard- 
 house unless under the special charge of a sentinel. 
 Only one prisoner at a time should be allowed to go to 
 the sink. 
 
 339. A prisoner under charge of a sentinel will not 
 salute an officer. The sentinel only will salute. 
 
 340. Prisoners, when paraded with the guard, are 
 placed in line, in its centre. The sergeant, immedi- 
 ately before forming the guard, will turn over his keys 
 to the non-commissioned officer at the guard-house. 
 Having faced the guard to the left, he will divide it 
 into two equal parts. Indicating the point of division 
 with his hand, he will then command, 
 
PRISONERS. 79 
 
 1. Right (or left), 2. FACE, 3. Forward, 4. MARCH, 
 5. Guard, 6. HALT, 7. Left (or right), 8. FACE. 
 The right or left half only of the guard will execute 
 the above movements at the command of the sergeant. 
 If the first command be right face, the right half of 
 the guard only will execute them ; if left face, the 
 left half only will execute them. The command halt 
 is given when sufficient interval is obtained to admit 
 the prisoners. The doors of the guard-room and cells 
 are then opened by the non-commissioned officer having 
 the keys. The prisoners will file out under the super- 
 vision of the sergeant of the guard, the non-commis- 
 sioned officer, and the sentinel on duty at the guard- 
 house, and will form in line in the interval between the 
 two parts of the guard. 
 
 341. To return the prisoners to the guard-room and 
 cells, the sergeant will command, 
 
 1. Prisoners, 2. Right, 3. FACE, 4. Forward, 5. 
 
 Column right, 6. MARCH. 
 
 The prisoners, under the same supervision as before, 
 will return to their proper rooms or cells. 
 
 342. The sergeant will then close the guard by the 
 commands, 
 
 1. Left (or right), 2. FACE, 3. Forward, 4. MARCH, 
 5. Guard, 6. HALT, 7. Right (or left), 8. FACE. 
 The left or right half only of the guard, as indicated, 
 
 execute the movement at the command of the sergeant. 
 
 343. If there be but few prisoners, the sergeant may 
 indicate the point of division as above, and form the 
 necessary interval by the commands, 
 
80 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 1. Side step to the right (or left), 2. MARCH, 3. Guard, 
 
 4. HALT, 
 
 and close the interval by the commands, 
 1. Side step to the left (or right), 2. MARCH, 
 3. Guard, 4. HALT. 
 
 344. The sergeant of the guard will cause the cor- 
 poral of each relief to verify the number of prisoners 
 whenever his relief goes on post. 
 
 345. The officers of the day are required to verify 
 the number of prisoners at guard-mounting. 
 
 The officers of the day take post in front of and fac- 
 ing the center of the old guard. The new officer of 
 the day, from the list of prisoners on the report of the 
 commander of the guard, calls the names of the prison- 
 ers. Each prisoner, as his name is called, answers 
 44 Here" steps one pace to the front, and halts. 
 
 346. The commander of the new guard, having 
 directed his sergeant to form interval to receive the 
 prisoners, will, when the latter have been verified, 
 command, 
 
 1. Prisoners, 2. Right, 3. FACE, 4. Forward, 5. 
 
 MARCH. 
 
 The prisoners having arrived opposite the interval 
 in the new guard, he will command, 
 1. Prisoners, 2. HALT, 3. Left, 4. FACE, 5. Right 
 
 backward, 6. DRESS, 7. FRONT. 
 The prisoners dress back on the line of the new 
 guard. 
 
81 
 
 SPECIAL ORDERS FOR SE^^^L^JSrfKGE OF 
 
 PRISONERS. 
 For the sentinels at the guard-house : 
 
 347. The sentinel at the guard-house will have 
 charge of the prisoners therein confined. He will 
 allow none to escape, or to cross his post except under 
 proper guard. 
 
 He will allow no one to communicate in any way 
 with prisoners, without proper permission. 
 
 He will at once report to the corporal of the guard 
 any suspicious noise made by prisoners. 
 
 He must be prepared to tell, whenever asked, how 
 many prisoners are in the guard-house, and how many 
 are at work or elsewhere. 
 
 Whenever prisoners pass his post, returning from 
 work, he will call the corporal of the guard, notifying 
 him of the number of prisoners so returning. Thus, 
 " Corporal of the guard, (so many) prisoners." 
 
 If a prisoner attempt to escape, the sentinel will call 
 " Halt" If he fail to halt when the sentinel has once 
 repeated his call, and if there be no other possible 
 means of preventing his escape, the sentinel will fire 
 upon him. 1 
 
 For sentinels in charge of prisoners : 
 
 348. A sentinel in charge of prisoners at work will 
 not suffer them to escape, nor allow them to converse 
 with each other, nor with any person, without proper 
 
 1 The following circular, published by the War Department, 
 
82 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 authority. He will not himself speak to them, except in 
 the execution of his duty. He will see that they keep 
 closed and are orderly in deportment, and that they 
 keep constantly at work. 
 
 will more fully explain the position of sentinels in charge of 
 
 prisoners : 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT. 
 ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, 
 
 Washington, November 1, 1887. 
 
 [Circular.] 
 
 By direction of the Secretary of War the following is pub- 
 lished for the information of the Army : 
 
 U. S. CIRCUIT COURT, E. D. OF MICH. AUG. 1, 1887. 
 The United States v. James Clark. 
 
 The Circuit Court has jurisdiction of a homicide committed by 
 one soldier upon another within a military reservation of the 
 United States. 
 
 If a homicide be committed by a military guard without 
 malice and in the performance of his supposed duty as a sol- 
 dier, such homicide is excusable, unless it was manifestly be- 
 yond the scope of his authority, or was such that a man of or- 
 dinary sense and understanding would know that it was illegal. 
 
 It seems that the sergeant of a guard has a right to shoot a 
 military convict if there be no other possible means of pre- 
 venting his escape. 
 
 The common law distinction between felonies and misdemean- 
 ors has no application to military offenses. 
 
 While the finding of a Court of Inquiry acquitting the pris- 
 oner of all blame is not a legal bar to a prosecution, it is en- 
 titled to weigh as an expression of the views of the military 
 court of the necessity of using a musket to prevent the escape 
 of the deceased. 
 
 By order of the Secretary of War : 
 
 R. C. DRUM, Adjutant- General 
 
POLICE DUTY. 83 
 
 He will keep his prisoners constantly in front of him, 
 and never allow them to walk at his side or in his rear. 
 He will not at any time lose sight of them. He will 
 salute all officers with the sergeant's salute. 1 In salut- 
 ing he will take care to keep his prisoners constantly 
 in front of him. 
 
 In crossing the post of the sentinel at the guard- 
 house, a sentinel in charge of prisoners will call, " No. 
 1, (so many) prisoners.'" 
 
 Should a prisoner attempt to escape, the sentinel 
 will call "Halt." If the prisoner fail to halt when 
 the sentinel has once repeated his call, and if there be 
 no other possible means of preventing his escape, the 
 latter will fire 2 upon him. 
 
 POLICE DUTY. 
 
 349. In camp, general police duty is usually done 
 by the old guard, under the direction of the officer of 
 the day. The tour is for twenty-four hours beginning 
 with fatigue call in the morning of the day following 
 that on which the guard marches off. The camp hav- 
 ing been policed, the old guard is dismissed. 
 
 350. General police duty may, at the discretion of 
 the commanding officer, be performed by fatigue par- 
 
 1 It is proper, however, in the discretion of the commanding 
 officer, to direct sentinels in charge of prisoners not to render 
 any salute, when such orders are necessary in order that the 
 sentinel may not have his attention diverted from the prisoners 
 under his charge, and that he may be held in strict accounta- 
 bility for their safe keeping in situations favorable for escape. 
 
 2 See note, paragraph 347^ 
 
84 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. 
 
 ties, or by prisoners, if there be enough of the latter 
 for the purpose. 
 
 ARTICLES IN CHARGE OF THE GUARD. 
 
 351. Articles oi; camp and garrison equipage needed 
 for strictly post or police purposes, such as flags, spades, 
 shovels, axes, hatchets, pickaxes, and brooms, will be 
 issued by the post quartermaster on special requisition 
 of the officer of the guard or the officer of the day, 
 approved by the post commander. These articles will 
 be receipted for by the officer making the requisition, 
 and dropped from the quartermaster's returns. Ar- 
 ticles other than those herein enumerated will be ac- 
 counted for like other public property. 
 
 352. The articles so obtained will be duly entered, 
 by the officer who receives them, on the guard report, 
 under the heading " Articles in Charge." They will 
 be carried on the report, and daily receipted for by the 
 successive officers of the guard or day. When no 
 longer fit for use, they will be submitted for inspection, 
 and, if condemned, disposed of as ordered. 
 
 353. An officer who receipts for property so carried 
 on the guard report is not required to render returns 
 thereof. He is relieved from accountability for it by 
 the receipt of his successor. 
 
 354. Non-commissioned officers in command of 
 guards do not receipt for such articles, but are held 
 accountable to the officer of the day for their safe- 
 keeping, and preservation from injury, other than that 
 resulting from fair wear and tear in service. 
 
REVEILLE AND RETREAT GUN. 85 
 
 355. Articles unfit for use will be so noted on the 
 guard report. They will be kept at the guard-house 
 until acted on by an authorized inspector, when they 
 will be disposed of as by him ordered. 
 
 356. Should any article be ordered to be destroyed 
 or otherwise disposed of, a copy of such order will be 
 entered on the guard report by the officer receiving it, 
 and the article dropped from the list of articles in 
 charge. 
 
 357. If, at guard- mounting, any article be missing, 
 the new officer of the guard, or of the day, receipts 
 for those actually on hand, only. 
 
 REVEILLE AND RETREAT GUN. 
 
 358. At posts supplied with ordnance and ammuni- 
 tion for the purpose, a morning and evening gun will 
 be fired daily at reveille and retreat. Guns of small 
 caliber, and inferior blank cartridges, or powder, when 
 on hand, will be used. 
 
 359. The piece will be fired by a detachment of the 
 guard, consisting, if practicable, of a corporal and one 
 or two privates. The piece will be discharged at the 
 command of the corporal, who will be careful to take 
 every precaution to prevent accident. 
 
 360. After firing, he will cause the piece to be prop- 
 erly sponged out. He will then depress the muzzle of 
 the piece and march the detachment back to the guard- 
 house, carefully replacing all equipments. 
 
APPENDIX I. 
 
 DETAILS for guard, fatigue, and other duties performed 
 by roster are usually posted on a bulletin board as indicated 
 in the following form. The second column gives the num- 
 ber of men present for duty in each company, the seventh, 
 the proportion of each company, as determined by any of 
 the rules given in the text : 
 
 BULLETIN BOARD. 
 
 Guard details for July 1, 1889. 
 
 Co. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 Musicians. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Propor- 
 tion. 
 
 A. 
 
 36 
 
 A-. B-. 
 
 C . D . 
 
 I-. J . 
 
 2 
 
 +.17 
 
 B. 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 +.41 
 
 C. 
 
 42 
 
 
 E . F . 
 
 
 3 
 
 -.47 
 
 D. 
 
 48 
 
 
 G . H . 
 
 
 3 
 
 .11 
 
 166 
 
 10 
 
 0.00 
 
 Other Details, etc. 
 
 Sergeant-Major. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 87 
 
 The record of details made from companies is usually 
 kept by the sergeant-major in a blank book ruled as indi- 
 cated in the following form : 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 Date. 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 
 
 Date. 
 
 
 
 +>n 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 fl* 
 
 c 
 2 
 
 "$ 
 
 . 
 
 
 g 
 
 C 
 
 
 i 
 
 0* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 B 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 02 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 
 
 02 
 
 w 
 
 A 
 
 July 1,1889.... 
 
 A. 
 B. 
 
 36 
 40 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 +.17 
 +.41 
 
 July 2, 1889 .. 
 
 A. 
 B. 
 
 32 
 36 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 +.30 
 -.19 
 
 44 4 * .... 
 
 C. 
 
 42 
 
 3 
 
 .47 
 
 44 44 
 
 C. 
 
 40 
 
 2 
 
 +.20 
 
 " " '" 
 
 D. 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 .11 
 
 IS 64 
 
 D. 
 
 42 
 
 3 
 
 -.31 
 
 
 
 166 
 
 10 
 
 0.00 
 
 
 
 150 
 
 10 
 
 0.00 
 
 APPENDIX II. 
 
 NOTE on Countersigns and Paroles, by the " Tactical 
 Board," Convened by Special Orders No. 14, Adjutant 
 General's Office, Washington, D. C., January 18, 1888 : 
 
 " As the communications containing the parole and coun- 
 tersign must be distributed by many orderlies, the parole 
 entrusted to many officers, and the countersign besides to 
 numerous sentinels, and both must for large commands be 
 prepared several days in advance, there is always danger of 
 their being lost or otherwise disclosed to persons who would 
 make improper use of them. Moreover, a sentinel is too 
 apt to take it for granted that any person who gives the 
 right countersign is what he represents himself to be. For 
 
88 APPENDIX. 
 
 these reasons, experience in our service has shown that for 
 outpost duty, there is greater security in the discontinuance 
 of the use of the countersign and parole, and a reliance 
 upon the personal recognition by the sentinel of his own 
 immediate officers and non-commissioned officers ; all other 
 persons to be detained and sent to the commander of the 
 guard, who will decide the case according to the orders he 
 may have received." 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PARAGRAPH 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS in keeping rosters 27 
 
 Absences 7, 67, 68, 160, 249 
 
 Accouterments, removal of 159 
 
 Adjutant, duties of 17, 72, 151 
 
 Advancing, rules for sentinels 216-224, 228 
 
 rules for non-commissioned officers 137, 143, 144 
 
 Alarms 106, 210-213, 268 
 
 officer of the day, in case of 55 
 
 officer of the guard, in case of 76, 78 
 
 Appeals 2 
 
 Armed duty 3, 10, 164 
 
 Armed parties 81, 100, 106, 184 
 
 detail of 3 
 
 guard turned out for 81, 143, 200, 206, 208 
 
 salute of 191, 192, 241 
 
 Arm-racks, use of ' 57, 107, 164 
 
 Arms, loading of 123, 126 
 
 of guard, sentinel over. . .70, 111, 118, 135, 143, 184, 200-209 
 213, 228-230, 299, 340, 347, 348 
 
 quitting of 171 
 
 removal of, from stacks 311 
 
 Arrest, duration of 317 
 
 limits of 321 
 
 of member of guard 72 
 
 of non-commissioned officers 321, 322 
 
 Arrested persons 77, 97, 138, 139, 318-320 
 
 Arrests, by sentinels 175, 184, 212, 224 
 
 Articles, contraband 333, 334 
 
90 INDEX. 
 
 Articles in charge 351-357 
 
 transfer of 47, 57, 352-354 
 
 use of, etc. . 101 
 
 Artillery, guard duty by 14, 15 
 
 Attention, standing at, as compliment 87, 185, 228, 230, 236 
 
 Battalion commander, detail of 5 
 
 Battery, details from 14, 15 
 
 guard duty in 14, 15 
 
 Bayonets 134, 168 
 
 Bulletin-board, form of Appendix I 
 
 use of 25, 26, 28 
 
 Bunks, of members of guard 140 
 
 Cabinet, members of, compliments to 189, 202 
 
 Calling, by sentinels 142, 177, 181, 182, 260, 308 
 
 of hours 42, 227, 229 
 
 Calls, list of 41 
 
 sentinels', repeating of 170 
 
 sounding of 71, 147 
 
 Camp, entrance to note 2, page 52 
 
 police of 51, 349, 350 
 
 safety of, etc 51, 63 
 
 Camp guard, detail of 13, 16 
 
 Camping party, guard of 94 
 
 Cannoneers, detail of 15 
 
 Captains, roster of 5, 18 
 
 Cavalry, detail of 11, 14 
 
 dismounted duty by 11, 12 
 
 Cells, inspection of 327 
 
 Challenge, form of 215 
 
 Challenging, by corporal 137 
 
 by No. 1 228 
 
 hours for 41, 214 
 
 rules for 214-222 
 
 Charges, release of prisoners without 48, 324 
 
 Chief Justice, compliments to 189, 202 
 
 Chief magistrate, foreign, compliments to 189, 202 
 
INDEX. 91 
 
 Civilian prisoners 318-320 
 
 Civilians, compliments to 83, 200-202 
 
 Classification, of duties 3 
 
 of orders 169 
 
 Cleanliness of prisoners : 336 
 
 Clothing, removal of 159 
 
 Colonel's tent, sentinel over 233 
 
 Color-line and sentinels 242, 304-311 
 
 position of 38 
 
 Colors, compliments to 82, 148, 185, 204, 206, 242, 311 
 
 on stacks 303 
 
 Commander, of armed party 241 
 
 of guard 13, 58 
 
 Commanding officer, compliments to 79, 80, 202 
 
 duties of 17-20, 23, 38-45, note 2, page 52 
 
 inspection of guard by 238 
 
 salute to 56 
 
 Commands, mixed, guard duty in 14 
 
 Company, detail of 16 
 
 Compliment, declining of 207, 237 
 
 persons entitled to 54, 56, 79-83, 202-204 
 
 rendered how 84-90, 200-209 
 
 Compliments at night 91 
 
 Confinement, duration of 317 
 
 soldiers in 321, 322, 330, 331 
 
 Consort, royal, compliments to. 189, 202 
 
 Contraband articles 333-334 
 
 Conversation, by prisoners 348 
 
 by sentinels 172, 348 
 
 Convicts, military 331, note 347 
 
 Corporal of the guard, assignment of 108, 109 
 
 called by sentinel 129, 180, 181, 260, 308 
 
 duties of 109-149 
 
 roster of 17 
 
 salute by 133,134 
 
 verifies prisoners 344 
 
 Corporals of artillery, detail of 15 
 
 roster of . . 5 
 
92 INDEX. 
 
 Countersign, communication of 54, 70, 135, 283, 289 
 
 divulging of 226, 286 
 
 imparting of, to sentinels 70, 135 
 
 incorrect 224, note 226 
 
 issue of 283, 289 
 
 rules when none used 143, 222 
 
 use of. . .143, note 2, page 52, 216, 217, 281, 282, Appendix II 
 
 Crime, commission of 138, 319 
 
 soldiers charged with 313, 330, 331 
 
 statement of 48, 314, 315, 323, 324 
 
 Deceased officer or soldier 190, 294, 295 
 
 Desertion of member of guard 72, 284, Appendix II 
 
 Detachments, detail of 3 
 
 posting and relief of 57, 120, 121 
 
 Details, how made 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 25 
 
 publication of 21, 26 
 
 record of 28-37, Appendix I 
 
 Discipline of guard 38, 52, 62 
 
 Dismissal, of guard 107 
 
 of relief 125. 126 
 
 Dismounted men, detail of 11, 12 
 
 Dismounted sentinels 179 
 
 Disorderly persons 77, 97, 137, 138, 175, 184 
 
 Disorder, orders in case of 210-213 
 
 Drills, prisoners at 330 
 
 troops at 200 
 
 Drivers, artillery, detail of 15 
 
 Duties, hours for , 40 
 
 Duty, armed 10 
 
 classes of 3 
 
 details for 1, 2, 9 
 
 dismounted 11, 12 
 
 extra, in artillery 14 
 
 hiring of 166 
 
 tour of 7 
 
 tour of, of officer of the day 52 
 
 tour of, of officer of the guard 63 
 
 unarmed 3 
 
Emergencies, procedure in .V . ^ 55, #3, 106 
 
 Enlisted man, funeral of "^^L CA-t- f-FQliHV^^. - .295 
 
 Envoys, compliments to .T^7T?*!^^^^T. 189, 202 
 
 Equipments, care of 12, 360 
 
 Escaping prisoners 347, 348, note 347 
 
 Escort, funeral 190 
 
 of inspecting officer 238 
 
 Fatigue duty, by prisoners 329, 330, 350 
 
 by stable-guards 247 
 
 captains exempt from 5 
 
 hours for 40 
 
 Fatigue parties, detail of 3, 9, 51, 350 
 
 Fire, orders in case of 210, 211, 213, 261, 268 
 
 First-sergeant, duties of f 12, 22, 23, 25, 26 
 
 First-sergeants' call 25, 102 
 
 Flag, at half-staff 294-297 
 
 care of 299, 301 
 
 dipping of 293 
 
 hoisting and lowering of 291, 292, 295, 297, 300, 302 
 
 Flags and colors 290-303 
 
 Forage, protection of 94 
 
 Foreign officers, compliments to 83, 188, 202 
 
 Friends, advancing of 216, 217 
 
 Funeral, display of flag during 294, 295 
 
 Funeral escort, salute to 190 
 
 Garrison flag 290 
 
 Garrison guards '. 13, 16 
 
 General officers, compliments to 56, 79, 80, 202, 237 
 
 inspections by 238 
 
 General orders proper 170-184 
 
 General police 349, 350 
 
 Government property, care of 170 
 
 Governors, compliments to 189, 202 
 
 Grain, feeding of '247 
 
 Grand guards, detail of 3, 6 
 
 Grooming of horses 248 
 
94 INDEX. 
 
 Guard, arrest or desertion of member of 72, 284, Appendix II 
 
 call for 78, 211 
 
 command of 13, 58 
 
 compliments by 79-91, 200-209 
 
 detail of 13, 16 
 
 discipline of 38, 53, 62, 96 
 
 dismissal of 57, 107 
 
 formation of 75, 105, 106, 141, 142, 167, 340, 343 
 
 in case of alarms 55 
 
 in march 93 
 
 inspection of 53, 59, 69, 92, 238, 240 
 
 instruction of 53, 62, 110 
 
 interior, detail of 3, 6 
 
 list of 57, 95 
 
 of camping party 94 
 
 orders relating to 44 
 
 relief of 16, 57 
 
 stable. See Stable guard. 
 
 turned out, how 143, 200-209 
 
 turned out for whom 79-83, 202-205 
 
 turned out when 79, 80, 91, 200 
 
 Guard duty, in mixed commands 14 
 
 record of 28-37, Appendix I 
 
 responsibility for 38, 53, 62 
 
 Guard-house, absence from 67, 68, 160 
 
 force at 78 
 
 inspection of 46 
 
 police of 99, 335 
 
 sentinel at. .70, 111, 118, 135, 143, 184, 200-209, 213, 228-230 
 
 299, 340, 347, 348 
 
 Guard-mounting, commanding officer at 45 
 
 officer of the day at 46 
 
 release of prisoners at 48, 324, 325 
 
 Guard report 45, 47, 49, 50, 64, 102, 315, 345, 352-353 
 
 Guard-rooms, inspection of 327 
 
 police of 335 
 
 Guard tents, location of 38 
 
 Gun, reveille and retreat. . . 358-360 
 
INDEX. 95 
 
 Heir-apparent, compliments to 189, 202 
 
 Herd, horses on 251 
 
 Homicide, by member of guard . .note 347 
 
 Horses, care of 243, 247, 248, 255, 257, 265-267, 269, 270, 275 
 
 packing of 11, 12 
 
 Hours, calling of 42, 227, 229 
 
 Infantry, guard duty by 14 
 
 Inspection of guard 53, 59, 69, 92, 238, 240 
 
 at night 92, 143 
 
 by officer of the day 53, 92, 143 
 
 by officer of the guard 66, 69 
 
 Inspector, action of 355 
 
 Instruction, of guard 53, 62, 110 
 
 of sentinels, 62, 110 
 
 Instructions, report of 61, 239 
 
 to officer of the day 45, 49 
 
 transmission of, by officer of the guard 57, 60 
 
 transmission of, by sentinels 65, 116, 127, 170, 182, 183 
 
 Interior guards, detail of 3, 6 
 
 Intoxicants, use of 161, 254 
 
 Issues, hours for 40 
 
 Junior officer of the guard, detail of 19 
 
 duties of 58, 90 
 
 Junior officers, recognition of 144, 199, 209, 219, 220 
 
 Justice, chief, compliments to 189, 202 
 
 Keys of guard-room 334, 340 
 
 Knives, prisoners', counting of 337 
 
 Lanterns 258, 259 
 
 Lieutenant-colonels, roster of 5 
 
 Lieutenants, rosters of 5, 18, 19 
 
 Liquor, use of 161, 254 
 
 List, of guard 57, 95 
 
 of relief 112 
 
96 INDEX. 
 
 Majors, roster of 5 
 
 Manual of arms, by sentinels 171, 173, 174, 177-179 
 
 March, guard in 93 
 
 Marine officers, compliments to 83, 188, 202 
 
 Meals, of prisoners 337 
 
 of prisoners, inspection of 332 
 
 of stable guard 250 
 
 Military convict, escape of note 347 
 
 Military officers, compliments to 83, 188, 202 
 
 Ministers, compliments to 189, 202 
 
 Mixed commands, guard duty in 14 
 
 Mounted men, detail of 11 
 
 Mounted party, challenge to 218 
 
 Mounted sentinels 178, 179 
 
 salute of 195 
 
 Musicians of the guard, duties of 145-149 
 
 positions of 146 
 
 roster of 17 
 
 National colors, care of 303, 304, 311 
 
 compliments to 82, 148, 185, 204, 206, 242, 311 
 
 Naval officers, compliments to 83, 188, 202 
 
 Night orders 214-230 
 
 Non-commissioned officer, arrest of 321, 322 
 
 at guard-house 98, 142-144 
 
 commanding guard 13, 88, 89, 354 
 
 of stable guard 254-262 
 
 Non-commissioned officers, roster of 6 
 
 Numerals, use of, in rosters 27 
 
 Occurrences, suspicious or unusual. . . 100, 130, 176, 256 
 
 Offense, statement of 48, 314, 315, 323, 324 
 
 Officer, absence of, from duty 7 
 
 deceased, honors to 190, 294 
 
 Officer of the day, compliments to 79, 202 
 
 detail of 17, 18, 21 
 
 duties of 46-55, 324, 326, 345 
 
 reception of, at night 92, 143 
 
INDEX. 97 
 
 Officer of the day, relief of 45, 50 
 
 responsibility of 51-53 
 
 roster of 17 
 
 tour of duty of 52 
 
 Officer of the guard, absence of 67, 68 
 
 detail of 21 
 
 duties of 56-94 
 
 responsibility of ". 62, 63 
 
 roster of 17, 19 
 
 tour of duty of 63 
 
 Officers, inexperienced, detail of 20 
 
 rosters of 4-6 
 
 salute to 133, 163, 185, 187, 193-198, 263, 339, 348 
 
 staff, detail of 20 
 
 Order, responsibility for 51, 55 
 
 Orderlies, detail of 150, 158 
 
 Orderly for commanding officer, duties of 152-158 
 
 selection of 150, 151 
 
 Orders, communication of 44, 45, 49, 61, 239 
 
 for saluting 185-209 
 
 for sentinels, classification of 169 
 
 general 170-184 
 
 in case of fire or disorder 210-213 
 
 night 214-230 
 
 special 43, 127, 182, 183, 231-233, 311, 347, 348 
 
 transmission of 46, 57, 60, 65, 116, 127, 170, 182, 183 
 
 Outposts 3, 39 
 
 Parade, publication of details at 21 
 
 Park guards 14, 270-277 
 
 Parole, furnished officer of the guard 54, 281 
 
 use of 92, 281, 283, 285, 286, 289 
 
 Parties, two or more, advancing of 144, 219-221 
 
 Passes, disposition of 64, 103 
 
 Patrol, advancing of 216 
 
 challenging by : 137 
 
 defined 278 
 
 prescribed how 53, 66 
 
 use of 39, 78, 278-280 
 
98 INDEX. 
 
 Police, camp 349, 350 
 
 post 51 
 
 of guard-house 99, 335 
 
 Police duty, by stable guard , 247 
 
 Post flag 290 
 
 Post guard, detail of 13, 16 
 
 Posts, sentinels', limits of 128, 232 
 
 number of 38 
 
 quitting of 170, 172 
 
 sleeping on. . 170 and note 
 
 small 39 
 
 President, compliments to 189, 202 
 
 Prisoners, awaiting trial 317, 330, 331 
 
 charge of 327, 333 
 
 civilian 318-320 
 
 cleanliness of 336 
 
 committal of 314, 315, 319 
 
 contraband articles in possession of 333, 334, 337 
 
 escape of 347 and note, 348 
 
 in march 93 
 
 meals for 332, 337 
 
 parading of 340, 341 
 
 police duty by 99, 350 
 
 rations for 320 
 
 release of * , 48, 316, 324, 325 
 
 saluting by 339 
 
 security of 327, 333, 338 
 
 transfer of 345, 346 
 
 verification of 46, 344, 345 
 
 working parties of 329, 348 
 
 Privates, assignment of, to posts Ill, 165 
 
 assignment of, to reliefs 57, 165 
 
 at guard-house 78 
 
 detail of 26, 28-37 
 
 roster of 5, 6, 22 
 
 Property, public, safety of .* 55, 170 
 
 Proportion, determination of 29-37, Appendix I 
 
 Provisions, protection of 
 
 Publication of details 21, 26 
 
INDEX. 99 
 
 Quartermaster's issues to guard , 351 
 
 Rank, relative 83, 203 
 
 table of, for sentinels 221 
 
 Rations for prisoners 320 
 
 Record of details 28-37, Appendix I 
 
 Regimental colors, care of 303, 304, 311 
 
 compliments to 82, 148, 185, 204, 242, 311 
 
 Regulations, violations of 130, 170 
 
 Relief, advancing of 216 
 
 calling for 131, 180 
 
 challenging of 1)36 
 
 dismissal of 121, 125 
 
 formation of 57, 114, 122 
 
 inspection of 74, 122 
 
 list of 112 
 
 marching of 114, 119, 124 
 
 of sentinels 131, 180, 182, 183 
 
 posting of 113-124 
 
 visits of 53, 65, 66 
 
 waking of 141 
 
 Report of guard 45, 47, 49, 50, 64, 84, 102, 315, 345, 352, 353 
 
 Reports, hours for 40 
 
 Retreat, formation of guard during 69 
 
 hour for 40 
 
 inspection of guard at 69 
 
 publication of details at 26 
 
 Retreat gun 358-360 
 
 Returns of articles in charge 35.' > 
 
 Reveille, inspection of guard at 69 
 
 Reveille gun 358-360 
 
 Rifles, loading of 123 
 
 unloading of 126 
 
 Roll-call of guard 105, 106, 167 
 
 Roll-calls, hours for 40 
 
 Roster, defined 1 
 
 duties performed by 2, 3 
 
 Rosters, abbreviations used in keeping 27 
 
100 INDEX. 
 
 Rosters, guard 17-19 
 
 keeping of 4, 5, 17, 27, 29-37 
 
 Salutes, acknowledgment of 235, 236 
 
 at night 133, 163, 185, 225, 228, 230, 236 
 
 by commander of guard 56, 84, 86-90 
 
 by corporal of guard 133, 134 
 
 by members of guard not on post 163 
 
 by No. 1 200 
 
 by sentinels 185, 187, 190, 200, 263, 339, 348 
 
 in sentry-box 197 
 
 in wet weather 198 
 
 Saluting, orders for 185-200, 263, 348 
 
 Saluting distance 187 
 
 Senior officer, advancing of 144, 219-221 
 
 Senior officer of the guard, detail of 19 
 
 duties of 58 
 
 Sentence, execution of 328 
 
 expiration of 48, 325 
 
 promulgation of 326 
 
 Sentinel of stable guard 263-269 
 
 Sentinels, assignment of Ill, 165 
 
 bearing of, on post 170, 171 
 
 calls of 142, 177, 181, 182, 260, 308 
 
 challenges by 214-220, 228 
 
 in hot weather 174 
 
 instruction of 66, 110, 254 
 
 in wet weather 171, 173 
 
 mounted 178, 179, 195 
 
 number of 38 
 
 over prisoners 329, 338, 339, 348 
 
 posting and relief of. .57, 73, 104, 115-118, 131, 180, 183, 254 
 
 posts of 38 
 
 respect towards 234 
 
 sickness of 72, 180 
 
 surprise of 223, 287 
 
 use of countersign by 282 
 
 visiting of 53, 65, 66 
 
INDEX. 101 
 
 Sentry-boxes, salutes in 197 
 
 use of 173 
 
 Sergeant-major, duties of note 14, 17, 28 
 
 Sergeant of the guard, duties of 95-108, 333-344 
 
 roster of 17 
 
 Sergeants, assignment of 104 
 
 of artillery, detail of 15 
 
 roster of 5 
 
 Sickness, of member of guard 72, 180 
 
 of officer detailed 7 
 
 relief of sentinel for 180 
 
 Signals, for roll-calls, etc 40, 76, 147 
 
 use of 287, 288 
 
 Sleeping on post 170 and note 
 
 Smoking in stables 252 
 
 Soldiers, absence of, from guard-house 160, 249 
 
 deceased, honors to 190, 295 
 
 in confinement 321, 322, 330, 331 
 
 Sovereigns, foreign, compliments to 189, 202 
 
 Speaker of House of Representatives, compliments to. . .189, 202 
 
 Special orders ^3, 127, 182, 183, 231-233, 241 
 
 for sentinels at colonel's tent 233 
 
 for sentinels over colors 311 
 
 for sentinels over prisoners 347, 348 
 
 transmission of 116, 127, 170, 182, 183 
 
 Stable and park guards. . . , 14, 15, 270-277 
 
 Stable guards, detail of 3, 8, note 14 
 
 employment of 243, 244, 270 
 
 fatigues by 247 
 
 in field -.253 
 
 mounting of 245, 271 
 
 non-commissioned officer of 254-262 
 
 object of 243, 273 
 
 policing by 247 
 
 sentinel of 263-269 
 
 tour of duty of 246, 274 
 
 Stacks, guard over 304 
 
 Staff departments, artillery details in 14 
 
 Staff officers, detail of 20 
 
102 INDEX. 
 
 Storm flag 290 
 
 Supernumeraries, detail of 23 
 
 duties of 24 
 
 officers detailed as 20 
 
 Surprise of sentinel 223, 287 
 
 Suspicious characters, arrest of 77, 97, 137, 138, 175, 184 
 
 Suspicious occurrences, report of 100, 130, 176, 256 
 
 Tents, guards. See Guard-house. 
 
 of members of guard 140 
 
 Tour, of officer of the day 52 
 
 of officer of the guard 63 
 
 Unarmed duty 3 
 
 Vice-president, compliments to 189, 202 
 
 Volunteer officers, compliments to 83, 188, 202 
 
 Water, protection of 94 
 
 Working parties, articles used by 101 
 
 of prisoners 329, 348 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE 
 STAMPED BELOW 
 
 9 1915 
 MAR 2 1918 
 
YA 05C87