& C$ -n O v/flM fclOSl&* I/^V-I ^ v i '" ' S u v.c^ A COMPANION TO Mr. Bullock's Museum, CONTAINING A BRIEF DESCKIPTION OF UPWARDS OF TEN THOUSAND NATURAL & FOREIGN CURIOSITIES, ANTIQUITIES, AN D ^rotmctionjE! of t&e jFtne 8rt& Coilccttd farisrg sir turn Years of arduous Ren-arch, ami at an Expense of upwards of TNVENTY-FOUk THOUSAND POUNDS; AKD NOW OPEN FOH PL'BI 1C INSPECTION ' . IV THE GREAT ROOM, ;>!>, PICCADILLY, LONDON, TVII1CH HAS BEEN KITTED UP FOR THE PURPOSE IN A MANXEk ENTIRELY NEW; BY WM. BULLOCK, FELLOW o* THE LINNJ;AN SOCIETY, AND HONORARY MEMBER OF THE DUBLIN SOCIETY. O Nuttire \ Low in every charm supreme \ ,. TTSr'. \\'hose vut'rios feast on raptures ever new, O ! for the voice an / CharlotteSt.Fitz- Adams,Mr.R .......... ...... Alderson, Dr AJlan, Thomas, Esq ........... Edinburgh Angus, Charles, Esq.. ......... Liverpool Ashton, N. Esq ............... Liverpool Atherton, Edward, Esq ......... Liverpool Banks, Sir Joseph ............. London Barclay, Dr ................... Edinburgh Barr, Captain .................. Liverpool Barrow, Captain .............. Liverpool Battersby, Miss ............... Dublin Bedford, His Grace the Duke of.. Birchall, S. Esq ............... Leeds Bisset, James, Esq ............. Birmingham A II Blackburn, J. Esq. M. P Hale Bligh, Mrs Durham Place Blundell, Henry, Esq Incc-Hall Blundell, Bryan, Esq Liverpool Bolton, John, Esq Liverpool Bolton, Mrs Liverpool Bootle, W. Esq. M. P Latham House Bovvdon, Joshua, Esq Liverpool Boscawen, Hon. Mrs.. ... St. James's Palace Brettargh, Mr.J Tr afford- Hall Broadbent, Mr Hull Brogden, H. Esq. F. L. S Clapham Bruce, Miss Demerara Bullock, J Surinam Burns, A. Es(|. Glasgow Caldvvell, Charles, Esq Liverpool Campbell, Captain Liverpool Chappel, Rev. Dr Leicester Chichester, Earl of Clarke, Captain Liverpool Clarke, Rev. Dr London Coltman, Dr Liverpool Cowdroy, William ..... Manchester Currie, Mrs. . . Liverpool Dadford, Thos. Esq Wolterhampton Dartmouth, Countess of Davies, Gen Blackheath Dickson, William, Esq Liverpool Directors of the Blue- coat School Liverpool Drake, J. Esq Gt. Berk/uimpstead Dublin, Royal Society of ...,,,. Dundas, Lord Durham, Bishop of.* ......... Edwards, Rev. Air Lynn Edwards, Mr. S. F. L. S. . Brompton Egerton, Hon. Miss,. Windsor Castle Ellis, Edward Strensal-hall, York Ill Essex, Countess of Fisher, Lieut. R. N Lirerpool Forbes, William Liverpool Ford, Mrs Upper Brook-street Francillon, John, Esq. F. L. S. . . Norfolk-street Frazier, Mr. F. L. S Chelsea Fryer, Dr Rastrick Gascoyne, Mrs. I.. . ..., Childwall*Hall Geddes, J. Esq ............ Glasgow Graham. Col Glasgow Green (late) Mr Lichjield Gurney (late) B. Esq Norwich Haldane> Lieut. Col Croydon Hardy, James, Esq ... Glasgow Harrison, A. Esq. F.L.S. ....... Westminster Harper, William Esq, ......,,, Liverpool Haycock, Mr ^ ... Liverpool Hanson, Esq ....... { Henley, H. H. Esq. F.L. S. . { Hippisley, Lady Cox Holsvvilders, D. Esq Surinam Horseley, J. W. Esq .:..... Howell, Thomas. ... .... Coventry Hoy, M. Esq Humphries, Mr. G London Hunter, Admiral... ,. ... James, Mrs St. Lucia Jamieson, Dr London Jennings, C. Esq Chelsea Johnson, Js. E. Esq. ^ Bristol Johnson, Robert, Esq Liverpool Kemble, Rev. Mr Birmingham Knox, Mr Chichetter Koster, J. T. Esq.. Lirerpool Lane, Mrs 3, Fenchurch-strcct 2090902 iv Laurence, Charles, Esq ........ Liverpool Lambert, A. B. Esq. V T .P.L.S. . Grostenor-street Leach, Mr. W. E. F.L.S ......... Leger, Hon. Col. St ........... Dublin Lettsom, Dr. F.L.S ....... .... Leicester, Sir John, Bart ....... Tabley Liverpool, Earl and Countess of.. Loundes, Mr ....... . ........... Liverpool M'Dougal, Dr. t . . . .......... Glasgou) M'Nally, L. Esq ....... . . . ----- Dublin M'Niel, Lieut. Gen ....... , . . . . Bath Madden, , Esq ............. Dublin Mawe, Mrs ..... . .... ......... Tuvistock- street Miller, Captain ...... ........... Hull Mitford, Miss ................. . !Moira, Earl of ....... . ........ Moor, Henry, Glover, Esq ...... Liverpool IVIunro, Dr ............ ....... Edinburgh Munro, Miss ................ . Edinburgh Neilson, William, Esq. . . . ...... Liverpool Kiel, Patrick, Esq ...... . ....... Edinburgh Nixon, Mr ............. ...... Coventry **" Parry, Henry, Esq ...... ..... Liverpool Pasco, Captain. R. N .......... Phillips, Leigh, Esq. F.L.S.. .. Manchester Plaisted, Mr ................ Chelsea Pollock, Mrs ................... Dublin Polito, Mrs. S ............ . Exeter 'Changs Powell, Captain ........... .... Liverpool Preston, Robert ................ Liverpool Price, Major .............. .... Frogmore Puleston A Col. Emral ................ Wrexham Ray, Mr ........ ....................... 22, Gower St, Ranier, Captain, R. N... ............ Read, Lady ..... ...,.,,. ............. Curzon-strect Roach, Captain..... Liverpool Roscoe, William, Esq. F. L. S.... Liverpool Salt, Jonathan, F. L. S Sheffield Sandbach, Mr Liverpool Sartorius, Mr Chelsea Salisbury, Bishop of.. Scott, Corse, Esq Edinburgh Sharp, Thomas Coventry Sharp, Rev. Mr....... Coventry Sheridan, Thomas, Esq. ...i Smith, Dr. J..E. P. L. S , Norwich Smith, William, Esq Dublin Smyth, Rev. John Liverpool Somerscales, Mr Hull Sowerby, Mr. F. L. S Mead-pi. Lambeth Staniforth (late) Thomas, Esq Liverpool Staniforth, Samuel, Esq..... Liverpool Stanley, Lord, M. P. Knowsley Stanley, Col. M. P . London Stanhope, Spencer, Esq. M. P.... Snow, Mr. Surgeon Highgatc Steel, Mrs Anglesea Stepheuson, W. Esq Norwich Stuart, Captain Edinburgh Symmons, , Esq. F. L. S Paddington House Teignmouth, Lord London Thompson, IVi 4 '. Artist Townsend, Rev. J Bath Trigge, Lady Saville Row TrafFord, John, Esq Trafford House Turmeau, John Liverpool Turner, William , Llangollen Unit, Mr Birmingham Vandes, Le Count De London Vaughan, Rev. Ker, F. L.S Devonshire Walker, Peter, Esq. F. L. S Edinburgh Wallis, Mr Hull VJ Wallis, George ....,.,.. Hull Ward, R. Esq... Sheffield Wilkinson, J. Esq.. ............. Bath "Wilson, Mr ..... ........ Glasgow Wilson, Mr.. . . .. , . College, Edinburgh Wilson, Lady , Cfiarlton Wilson, Sir Thomas South End Wright, Dr. Peter.. Glasgow Wright, R. Esq. F. L. S Lichfield York, Dean of Young, Dr, F. L. S . . Wi * w * . . . A ; ' <>t mi.' MV : COMPANION i;.'i.v y. =!> /;... V'X TO THE LIVERPOOL MUSEUM. The Visitor is requested to commence with tkejirst Case on the Left Hand at the Entrance. The lower Number at the Corner of each Case refers to the Page of this Catalogue, in which it is described. " SANDWICH ISLANDS. CASE, t LETTER A. A superb Cloak, made of the black fea- thers of the Powhee bird, ornamented with a broad checquered border of red and yellow. This Cloak is .so long, as to touch the feet of the wearer,, and is con- sidered of the greatest value. It is worn by none ex- cept the Chiefs, and by them only on particular occa- sions; as they never appeared in them but three times during Captain Cook's stay at Owyhee, viz. at the f Several of the articles in this Case were once the property of the celebrated Captain Cook. B 2 procession of the King and his people to the ships, on their first arrival ; in the tujnult when the unfortunate commander fell a victim to their fury and mistaken resentment and when two of the chiefs brought his bones to Captain Clarke. B. Red feathered Cloak, decorated with yellow, from ditto. The ground of these elegant and singu- larly beautiful Cloaks is net-work wrought by the hand, upon which the feathers are so closely fixed, that the surface resembles the thickest and richest velvet, both in delicate softness and glossy appear- ance. C. A Helmet, composed of wicker-work, covered with red feathers. D.- Another Helmet of a different construction, co- vered with black feathers. These Helmets, with the Dresses, form the principal riches of the Chiefs of the South-Sea Islands. E. A large Hat, made of red, yellow, and black feathers ; remarkable for its resemblance in form to those of Europe. F. Two Neck Ornaments, made of different coloured feathers, from the Sandwich Islands. G. Breast Plate, or Gorget, from Otaheite, made . | I . . /O lifKI ;.,-, On the Right Hand Side of the Room, near the Fire. A singular Musical Instrument, from the Slave Goast, somewhat resembling 1 he Italian Sticcado : it is made of pieces of hard sonorous wood of different lengths, placed upon a frame, under which are fixed gourds of various sizes. It is played upon by beat- ing it with two sticks with balls at the end. On the coast of Africa, it is called Balafou ; and when it is played by a skilful hand, it produces an agreeable harmony. A small kind of Sticcado, made of sonorous wood. An Instrument, consisting of a small square board, on which are fixed pieces of very pliant wood, which, on being struck, produce a musical sound. African King's Sceptre, in shape like a rod, being made of small split pieces of bamboo cane. These are valued according to their length, for by that the rank of the person i's known ; that of the King's being made of the longest joints of bamboo that can be found in his dominions. Curious Stvord, formerly the property of a Man- dingo Chief. Inclosed in the hilt is a fettish or charm, to preserve the wearer's life, composed of a piece of skin of the Iguana, which in that country is held sa cred. Curious Cartouch Boxes. 17 A circular Fan, covered with a parchment-like skin, curiously painted. Several Pouches, some of them very singular in construction. A pair of Sandals, or Shoes. These in Africa are seldom used. Common Black Bottle, curiously cased with wicker- work. African Comb, similar to that of the Sandwich Islands. A rude Necklace, composed of stones that have holes naturally through them without boring. African Spoony made of wood. Curious Wooden Fan. A Lady's large Pocket or Pouch, finely embroidered with the needle-work of the country. African Boivs and Quivers of long poisoned Arrows. Great variety of African Lances, Arrows, and Dag- gers. See the Daggers in tbe Armoury. A small instrument, similar to a Scottish Mull, used for the purpose of grinding tobacco into powder. African Long Drum, covered at the end with skin. African pair of Bellows, of very curious construc- tion. African Harp* An African Flambeau, made of Flag-le%ves, filled with a resinous gum. Pouch or Pocket, made of grass, used by Negro servants to carry letters, &c. A kind of Hammock, of singular net-work, used in Africa^ either for sleeping or travelling. C3 18 Small Gourds, covered with net-work, on the mesh- knots of which are strung a kind of Black Berries, that produce a sound similar to castinets. They are used by the Africans when they dance. An African Charm, called Fettish, consisting of a Ram's Horn, to which is suspended a brass chain and bell. This is worn round the neck, and is imagined by the wearer to charm or drive away evil and tor* menting Spirits, and preserve life. It was taken from the breast of a black man engaged in battle, by Cap- tain Clarke, of the ship Roebuck, of Liverpool, who presented it to the Museum. Specimen of African Cloth, made of grass. A curious Sleeping Net, or Hammock, from Africa j presented by Captain Roberts, of Liverpool. WORKS OF ART. ' v ""iii 'u'l Beautiful Equestrian Model of Edward the Black Prince in Armour, finely executed by Mr. G. Bul- lock, of Liverpool. Portrait of Mrs. Siddons in Queen Catherine, and Mr. Kembk in Cato, by ditto. Capital Group of Figures, representing the progress of inebriety ; A Blind Beggar, led by a Child j Frederick the Great in his last illness ; And, a Dead Christ. 19 [The last four pieces are all modelled by Mr. Piercy, in coloured wax, and are universally admired by every lover of the arts, for the correct and spirited manner in which they are executed.] A small Anatomical Figure, from the original of Dr. Hunter, done in Rice Paste of its natural colour. An exquisite Model, in Rice Paste, of the Death of Voltaire, by Mons. Oudon, of Paris. Gothic Model of an Ancient Amioury, on a scale of an inch to a foot It contains accurate models and representations of every kind of Armour and Warlike Weapon used in the British Armies, from the Nor- man Conquest to the Restoration of Charles II. Bust in Carrara Marble, size of life, of Master H. W. Betty (the Young Roscius) at the age of 14 by Mr. L. Gahagan. Group of Flowers, wonderfully cut in white Marble. Bacchanalian Group of 1 2 Figures, cut in high re< lief, in statuary Marble ; by Lege. Model of a Chinese Pagoda, made of Mother-of- pearl, ornamented with carving and gilding. Complete Model of a Man of War, only six inches long. A ditto, entirely of Ivory. View of the Lake and City of Geneva, most inimi- tably carved in Ivory. The City of Messina, taken from the Sea ; the ship- ping, &c. executed with astonishing minuteness ; some of the vessels, though not more than half an inch in length, have the sails, rigging, men, &c. perfectly distinct. Windsor Castle, with the Thames. Greenwich Hospital, with Shipping, &c. 20 Two pieces with Stags in a Forest. [The above 6 are all in Ivory, Carved in the most exquisite manner by Messrs. Stephany and Dresh.j Pair of Beggars, carved in Ivory, the drapery of Rose-wood. Sixteen hollow Balls of Ivory, cut within each other out of one solid piece, by the' Chinese, in the most wonderful manner, every Ball being pierced of a dif- ferent pattern, almost as fine as lace. Another ditto, with only eight Balls. Several beautiful turnings in Ivory, by Mr. Perry, of London. An extremely curious and elaborate collection of French Turnings in Ivory, mounted in a conical form. The centre is a thin hollow sphere, in which is turned through one small hole a double box, nearly the size of the outside, ornamented on the edges, containing on one side a Portrait of the late King of France, and the other of his Queen, executed in a most surprising manner through one small hole : above this is a set of hollow balls, nearly similar to the Chinese, withr the addition in the centre of a piece of 12-sided Ivory, from each side of which projects a sharp-pointed cone as far as the outside, the whole of one piece without a joining, a circumstance requiring a degree of faith to credit even on inspection j above this is another hol- low sphere, containing two squares within each other, an extremely difficult thing to produce with a lathe. An oblong, hollow, lanthorn-shaped Chinese Ivory Toy, exquisitely pierced and carved with figures of Birds, Insects, Flowers, &c. The whole is divided into eight moveable parts, in which is a chain cut out o one solid piece, that cannot . be separated without breaking. The nests of Ivory balls, though they ex- cite our admiration and doubt, are by no means rare ; but this specimen of ingenuity and patience is consi- dered as unique, no other being known. Picture of a Saint sailing on his Cloak, in Marble of its natural colours. Beautiful Imitation of Flower*, made entirely of Shells, by Miss Humphreys, of Leicester-square. Case of Flowers, made of Butterfly's Wings. Large Picture of Vulture and Snake, finely done in coloured sand. Holy Family, from Carlo Maratti, done in Wool, at Rome. Picture of Birds, executed with Feathers. Picture, which being viewed in different directions, produces three different subjects. A Dutch Merry-making, from Teniers, in coloured Straw. A Jew Rabbi, done with a hot Iron on Wood. Several copies of Engravings with Pen and Ink, by Mons. Mongenot. Hlodel of a Man of War, of sixty guns, entirely of Crystal Glass ; an early work of the Proprietor. Complete Model of a seventy-four gun Ship at an- chor, only six inches long. Profile Hettds of the following celebrated Painters: Titian, Rafaele, M. Angelo, Corregio, Carracci, and Carlo Maratti. 22 NATURAL HISTORY. QUADRUPEDS. These are thy glorious works, Parent of Good. *********** Thou sitt'st above those heavens To us invisible, or dimly seen In these thy lowest works; yet these declare Thy goodness beyond thought, and power divine. Large Case* MONKEYS. 1. Ribbed-nose Baboon (Simia Mai'mon). It is about two feet from nose to tail, an active and sprightly animal, greatly resembling the Dog-faced Baboon, but not so large, nor the colours so bright, and is playful, but not so malignant. 2. Palatine Monkey (Simia Rolaway). This beautiful and gentle animal was brought from the Slave Coast in Africa; its colour appeared to have changed much on its being confined, as the rich bay 23 <&n the inside of the limbs was turned to a yellowish white ; its singular white beard gave it, whilst living, an air of great gravity, and its manners were quite inoffensive and mild. It died in the collection of Mr. Polito, in the winter of 1808, owing probably to the severity of the weather. It has only three fin- gers and a thumb on each hand. 3. Unknown. 4. The Negro-Monkey (Simia Maura). It was re- ceived alive from Africa. 5. The Chinese Monkey (Simia Sinica). 6. Fox-tailed Monkey (Simta Pithecia). The hair of this very singular animari is very long, of a dark brown, or nearly black colour ; it is about the size of a large cat, is a native of Guinea, and is said to be very fierce in its disposition. 7. Striated Monkey, or Sanglin (Simia Jacchus). This extraordinary little animal, ao larger than a Squirrel, is an inhabitant of Brazil. In a native state these Monkies are supposed to feed upon fruits, but in a state of confinement they will occasionally feed on insects, snails, &c. Edwards, in his Gleanings, makes mention of a pair of these animals, which be- longed to a London merchant, who resided at Lisbon, and had young at that place. These, at their birth, were exceedingly ugly, having no fur ; they would fre- quently cling fast to the teats of the dam ; and when they grew a little, they used to hang upon her back and shoulders. When she was tired, she would rub them off against the wall, or whatever else was near, as the only mode of ridding herself of them. On being forced from the female, the male immediately took them to him, and suffered them to hang round him, to ease her of the burden. 8. The Great-eared Monkey (Simia Midas) About the size of a Squirrel ; the colour black, ex- cept the hands and feet, which are orange. It is a native of Cayenne and Brazil. 9. Squirrel- Monkey (Simia Sciurea.) This is one of the smallest and most beautiful of the Monkey tribe ; it is a native of South America, and is with difficulty kept alive in this country. 1 0. Long-armed, Four-fingered, or Spider Monkey (Simia Paniscus). This was received from South America in the summer of 1 808, and lived for some time. In gene- ral, its appearance was extremely disgusting ; the arms of an extraordinary length, and the hands desti- tute of all appearance of thumbs ; the tail is also of great length, is bare for a considerable way near the tip, and by means of it could reach any thing as well as with its hands. The whole animal, except the face, hands, and end of the tail, is covered with long coarse black hair, thinly disposed, except on the head, where it grew forward in the same manner as the hu- man species, giving to its mulatto-coloured face the appearance of a miserably wretched old man. Its disposition was extremely gentle and inoffensive, but so timid, as never to be familiar ; if held by the hands, it uttered a doleful cry, and frequently tears ran from its eyes, but it never shewed the least incli- nation to bite. 1 1 . Fearful, or Ring-tailed Monkey (Simia Trepida). Native of Guinea ; of a lively disposition : is fre- quently kept in France. 12. Royal Monkey (Simia Seniculus). Is a native of Cayenne, and is sometimes called the Preaclter, or Howler, from their custom of assembling together, and making a most horrible noise in the woods. 13. A Four-Jingcred Monkey unknown. Large Cast. r >; 'ri v7 fci bii.c ,[>'fe!k< fi 1IACAUCOS, &C. Sfow Lemur, or Tailless Macauco (Lemur Tardi- radus). ^..^ . About half the size of a cat, and is a native of the coast of Coromandel. According to the pleasing de- scriptioq of the late learned Sir Win. Jones, in the 4th volume of Asiatic Researches, its manners are gentle and interesting, it sleeps during the day, and feeds on fruits. Woolly Lemur, or Mongoz (Lemur Mongoz). About the size of a cat, is a native of Madagascar, feeds on fruits, and in a state of captivity is sportive and harmless. Ring-tailed Lemur, or Macauco (Lemur Catta). This is a very beautiful, gentle, harmless, and en- tertaining animal, frequently kept tame by ladies ;. it is a native of the warmer parts of India, and feeds on fruit, which it eats sitting upright, and holding in its fore paws. Has lately bred in this country. Little Macauco (Lemur Prehensilis). Is about the size of a mouse, is an elegant little animal, and bears a strong resemblance to the mon- key tribe ; is the only specimen known in England. Lemurinc Opossum (Didelphis Lemurinus, Shaw's Zoology, line 1, page 487). Living specimens of this beautiful animal have been brought to England: in their manner of life they re- semble the rest of the tribe, feeding on birds, Vege- tables, &c. D 26 Pygmy Opossum (Didelphis Pygmsea). Is not larger than a common mouse, with mem- branes like the Flying Opossum : it is a native of New Holland, and is very rarely seen in collections. The Black Squirrel (Sciurus Niger). Numerous in North America. Pair of Ground Squirrels from North America. (Sciurus Striatus). Grey Squirrel (Sciurus Cinerius). It inhabits North America and Peru ; builds in hol- low trees, lays waste plantations of maise, and forms subterranemis magazines for winter provision. In this Case is also a large animal from New Hol- land, called the Koala. SEALS. The Common Seal (Phoca Vitulina). This animal is a native of the European Seas, and is found about all the coasts of the Northern hemis- phere, and even as far as the opposite one, being seen in vast numbers about the southern polar regions. We are informed by Mr. Pennant, that it also inha- bits some fresh-water lakes, as that of Baikal, Aral, &c. Seals may often be observed sleeping on the rocks, near the coast ; but when approached too near, they suddenly precipitate themselves into the water. Sometimes they sleep sound ; and it is affirmed by some, that the Seal sleeps more profoundly than most ether quadrupeds. The structure of the Seal is so singular, that, as BufFon well observes, it was a kind . 27 of model on which the imagination of the poets formed their Tritons, Sirens, and Sea-gods, with a human head, the body of a quadruped, and the tail of a fish. The Seal is possessed of a considerable de- gree of intelligence, and may be tamed, so as to become familiar. The female Seals produce their young in the winter season, and seldom bring more than two at a birth. It is said, that they suckle their yOung ones for about the space of a fortnight on the spot where they are born, after which they take them out to sea, and instruct them in swimming and seeking their food, which consists of tish, sea-weeds, &c. Falkland- Isle Seal (Phoca Australis). Kemarkable for the structure of the hind feet, the webs of which extend far beyond the claws, which in the fore feet are wanting. A small Seal, from Davis's Straits, supposed to be Phoca Pucilla. .ibtKtl A1 boj.i Jiv'-ii. :\'nptj,-m} H >M:J fast if ; "ijti* ' -i < ' /J *d >>'> BATS, &C. . -MHZ .)i beoium>-> : : > ii hi*. Madagascar Sat, with the wings closed. The Long-eared Sat (Vespertilio Auritus). This is one of the most common English Bats, and may be frequently seen, during the summer evenings, pursuing the various insects on which it feeds. In the same Case is a White Variety of this animal, in which the delicate and admirable structure of the wings is finely shewn. The Great Sat ( Vespertilto Noctula). The largest of the British species. The Horse-shoe Bat (Vespertilio Ferrum Equinum) with its young, taken in the Abbey Church, Bristol. D2 28 fci >no 4J H> TOi;*,{);;..;j!'t 9A1 fbi i v/ m> foix>m The 5/oM (Brady pus Trydactylus) These are of all quadrupeds the most slothful and indolent. " Nature (says the Count de Buiibn) seems " to have created this ill-constructed mass of defer - " mity for nothing but misery." They have neither canine nor incissive teeth ; their eyes are dull and heavy, their mouths wide and thick ; their fur re- sembles dried grass; their thighs are almost disjointed from their haunches ; their legs are very short and badly shaped ; they have no soles to their feet, nor toes separately moveable ; but only two or three claws, excessively long, crooked downwards and backwards. They can neither seize on prey nor feed on flesh, and are therefore reduced to live on leaves and wild fruits. They take up a long time in crawling to a tree, and are still longer in climbing to its branches. When at last one of them has accomplished its end, it fas- tens itself to a tree, crawls from branch to branch, and by degrees strips the whole of its foliage ; in, this manner it remains several weeks without mois- tening its food ; and when it has consumed its store, and the tree is left quite naked, unable to descend, ifc continues on till hunger presses, which becoming more powerful than the fear of danger, or even death it- self, it drops to the ground, without being capable of exerting any effort to break the violence of the fall. Its manners are slugglish to an excessive degree ; its general appearance disgusting ; its voice plaintive, piteous, and even horrible. It can live a prodigious time without food : Kircher says forty days. It has vast strength in the paws, and fastens its claws into any thing with such force that they cannot be disen- gaged : hence, when beasts of prey attack this ani- mal, it adheres to them so strongly, that they both are found dead in each other's grasp. 29 Little Ant-eater (Myrmecophaga Didactyla). Inhabits Guinea, and the hottest part* of South America. It climbs trees in quest of a species of ants that build their nests among the branches j they thrust out their clammy tongues into the nest, and draw it into their mouths covered with insects. Their tail is of great use to them in climbing, for they twist il round the branches to prevent their falling. Middle Ant-eater (Myrmecophaga Tetradactyla) ' Inhabits South America, goes out in the night, and sleeps during the day ; when irritated, it seizes on a stick or other object with its fore claws, and fights sitting on its hind legs ; the extremity of the tail is naked and prehensile, by means of which it is ena- bled to suspend itself to the branches of trees. Porcupine Ant-eater (Myrmecophaga Acnleata, Shaw's Zoology, vol. 1, page 175). This is one of those curious animals which have been lately discovered in New Holland ; it differs from all trie other Ant-eaters in having the body co- vered with sharp spines, resembling porcupines' quills, only they are shorter and thicker in proportion. It has a remarkably long, tubular snout, with a very small mouth, out of which it shoots its worm-like tongue, in the same manner as the others. It bui> rows under the ground with the greatest ease, nature having furnished it with amazing strength in its legs and feet. Another Porcupine Ant-eater, in the same Case, va- ries from the above in the lightness of the colour of the spines, and their being shorter, and more covered with stiff whitish hair ; probably of a different sex, or a younger animal. Long-tailed Manis (Manis Tetradactyla). This rare animal is a native of India and Africa. It D3 is perfectly gentle and harmless, though it has the most formidable appearance, being entirely covered with large sharp scales, which it erects when irritated. Button says " The most cruel and voracious of beasts, " such as the Tiger and the Panther, make but useless " efforts to devour these armed animals ; they tread "upon and roll them, but when they attempt to " seize them they are grievously wounded ; they can " neither terrify them by their violence, nor crush tyla). A remarkable fine specimen of this extraordinary and highly curious animal, measuring five feet in length ; it is a native of Africa and India, and its principal food is the white ant, against the united at- tacks of which Nature has given its impenetrable coat of armour. It was brought to this country by Mr. Samwell, Surgeon, who was with Capt. Cook dur- ing his voyages of discovery. 33 In the bottom of this Case are two specimens of the nine-banded Armadillo, with a young one, and one of the eight-banded. It receives the name of Armadillo, or Hog in Ar- mour, from the Spaniards, and from the impenetrable coat of mail with which it is furnished by nature for its defence. It is a native of South America, where there are several kinds of them 3 but the principal difference consists in the number of bands or folds, of which the armour that covers the body is com- posed. It is a harmless, inoffensive animal ; feeds on roots, herbs, and other vegetables ; grows very fat, and is much esteemed for the delicacy of its flesh. The Indians hunt; it with small dogs, trained for the purpose : when it is surprised, it runs to its hole, or attempts to make a new one, which it does with great expedition, having strong claws on the fore feet, with which it adheres so firmly to the ground, that if it should be caught by the tail, whilst making its way into the earth, its resistance is so great that it will .sometimes leave it in the hands of its pursuers; to avoid this the hunter has recourse to artifice, and by tickling it with a stick, it gives up its hold, and suffers itself to be taken alive. If no other means of escape be left, it rolls itself up within its covering, by drawing in its head and legs, and bringing its tail round them, as a band to connect them more forcibly together; in this situation it sometimes escapes by rolling itself over the edge of a precipice, and gene- rally falls to the bottom unhurt. Zebra Opotsum (Didelphis Cynocephala). This animal, which is the only one known in any collection, is a native of Van Dieman's Land, where 34 it inhabits among the ca'ver.ns and rocks in the high and almost impenetrable glens of the mountainous parts of the country : it is the largest carnivorous ani- mal yet discovered in New Holland, measuring from the nose to the end of the tail, five feet three inches ; rt is said to be extremely voracious, which will scarcely be doubted when it is known that the one described m the ninth volume of the Linnsean Trans- actions, p. 179, had in its stomach the partly digested remains of the Porcupine Ant-eater; it is said to have a short gutteral ery, and appeared exceedingly inactive and stupid. HUNTING LEOPARD, nv*. -*-: -r.-.'t Httnting Leopard (Felis Jubata). This animal was received from Senegal, and was perfectly tame, having never been subject to con* finement. In India they are tamed for the taking of game ; three living ones were shewn a few years since in the Tower, that were part of a pack belong- ing to the late Tippoo Sultan. This animal has not retractile or sheathed elaws like the rest of the feline tribe. JAGUAR, &C. The Jaguar (Felis Onca). It is sometimes called the American Tiger; is a na<- tive of the hottest parts of South America, and is a fierce and destructive animal. 35 The Margay (Felis Tigrina). Is likewise from South America; is about the size of a cat, resides principally on trees, preying on birds. It is extremely fierce and untameable. The Cub of the Puma or Mountain Lion (Felis Concolor). ' WEASELS. . , , Three-striped Weasel (Viverra Hermaphrodita). It is a native f Barbary, and very destructive te poultry. The Genet (Viverra Genetta). This beautiful little animal was kept for some time alive, and was suffered to play at liberty in the house : in some parts of the East it is domesticated, and is very useful in clearing the houses of vermin. Striated Weasel (Viverra Putorius). It is a native of North America, and remarkable for-the intolerable stench which it emits when irrita- ted, which is so powerful as to prevent either men or dogs from pursuing it: even the clothes of persons who are near it are obliged to be buried in the ground for some time before they can be purified. The Ichneumon (Viverra Ichneumon). In India, but still more in Egypt, the Ichneumon has always been considered as one of the most useful and estimable of animals ; since it is an inveterate enemy to serpents, rats, and other noxious creatures which infest those regions. In India, it attacks with courage that most dreadful reptile, the Cobra de Ca- 36 pello, or Hooded Snake. It also diligently seeks for the eggs of crocodiles ; for which reason, as well as its general usefulness in destroying all manner of troublesome reptiles, it was held in such a high degree of veneration by the ancient Egyptians, as to be re- garded as a minor deity, or one of those benevolent beings proceeding from the Parent of the universe. For the purposes above specified, it is still domestica- ted by the Indians and Egyptians in the same manner as the cat in Europe ; and it has also the merit of being easily tamed, and performing with alacrity all the offices of that creature. Like many others of this tribe, it is a most dangerous enemy to several animals larger than itself, over which it gains a victory, and sucks their blood. In a wild state it frequents rivers in quest of prey, where it is reported to swim and dive like an Otter, and continues a length of time under water. As it is a native of warm climates, it of course is greatly injured by a removal to the cold regions of Europe, to the variations of which it ge- nerally falls a victim. The Ernrine (Mustela Erminea). Is found principally in the wilds of Russia, and other cold countries. It is from the skin of this ani- mal that the valuable white fur is made. They are said to change their colour, being brown in summer, and white in winter. The Minx (Mustela Minx). Inhabits North America. In this Case are also two varieties of the Spotted Weasels of New Holland. .:/. : . 37 ANTELOPES. Corrine Antelope (Antelope Corrina). Is a native of Senegal, and various parts of Africa, where it assembles in herds. They are said to be shy, active, and to be with difficulty taken. Dr. Pallas suspects them to be the female of the Kevel, or Flat- horned Antelope, which is probable, none of those that I have seen being males. It was kept some time in the Tower. The Jata Musk (Moschus Javanicus). This diminutive species was kept alive for some time in London, and became perfectly tame, but died on the first appearance of cold weather. Pigmy Antelope (Antelope Pygmaeay. This beautiful and diminutive species of deer is a native of the hottest parts of Africa, and is easily tamed, but of so tender a nature as not to bear our climate, even with the greatest care. The height of the full grown animal is only nine inches, yet so re- markabfe are the powers of its activity in its native regions, that it will leap a wall of twelve feet in height. The legs are scarcely thicker than a large quill, and are frequently tipped with gold, and used as tobacco stoppers. OTTER, &C. The Otter (MustelaLutra). Is pretty generally diffused orer Europe, North America, and Asia, as far as Persia ; it feeds princi- pally on fish, and is very destructive to our pond* 38 and rivers; it lives in holes under ground, the open- ings to which are beneath the surface of the water. The bite of the Otter is extremely severe, but they are capable of being tamed, and taught to fish for their owner, which they do with the greatest address, as they are capable of remaining a considerable time under water. The 'Beaver (Castor Fiber). The Beaver .is a native of the most northern parts of Europe, Asia, and America; in its natural state lives in well-regulated societies of from two to three hundred each, constructing their habitations of wood and clay in the most astonishing manner, with the greatest regularity.; but when taken from their native haunts they are said, by all naturalists who have had opportunity of observing them, to lose their instinct, and become a stupid and sluggish animal. The fol- lowing anecdote may, however, be relied on : a pair of them was purchased a few years since by Mr. Po- lito, for the purpose of exhibiting in his collection : they were put into an upper room or loft, with a quantity of green sticks and boughs for their food ; on visiting them in the morning, only one could be dis- covered, which was lying in a state of evident un- easiness in a corner of the room : at last, after some search, the female was found to have died in the night, and the male had removed her to an obscure part of the place, and covered her carefully over with wood, so that no part of herrould be seen, and had then retired to the place where he was found. NEW HOLLAND ANIMALS, f The Petaurine Opossum of New Holland (Didel- phis Petaurus). 39 This is the largest awl most elegant of the Flying Squirrels yet described. Its most remarkable cha- racteristic is, the rounded thumbs, or great toes of the hind feet, which are furnished with a flattened nail : while all the other toes, five to each foot, have sharp hooked claws. In its manners it resembles the Fly- iiig Squirrel. A beautiful White Variety of the above. A large Flying Squirrel, unknown. The Voting Kangaroo (Didelphis Gigantea). Kangaroo Rat (Didelphis Tridactyla). The Quadrupeds hitherto described, are in large uniform Cases, regularly numbered, with references to the page in this Catalogue in which they are men- tioned : those which follow, are dispersed in various parts of the collection, as their sizes or other circum- stances prevent a similar arrangement. Variegated, Tufted, or Ursine Baboon (Simia Mor- mon). This Baboon is very numerous about the Cape of Good Hope, and is one of the largest of this tribe of animals, measuring, when full grown, nearly five feet in height. It is very strong, fierce, and libidi- nous, yet at the same time is capable of attachment and gratitude. One that was sent to the Proprietor of this Museum, in the year 1803, had two deep wounds in his loins, owing to the pressure of a heavy chain by which it was confined; on appearing anx- ious to examine the wounds, it presented the lace- rated part to inspection, and after one side was dres- sed with a very sharp mixture (though at the same time it was agonized with pain) it opened the other wound for- the same application, which it continued E2 40 to do until such time the excoriated places were healed. It remained at the Museum some time af- terwards, and although mischievous to the family, yet, on the least motion of my hand, or on my uttering an angry word, it was all attention and submission. These Baboons in their native country do considera- ble damage to the gardens and plantations, carrying on their depredations in large troops, with such bold- ness and resolution, as excite astonishment. Dog-faced Baboon (Simla Hamadryas). A very large and fierce species, remarkable for the long grey hair with which it is covered ; it is rarely brought to Europe, is a native of the hottest part of Africa, where it is said to be found in vast troops, and to be very fierce and dangerous. Pig-tailed Baboon (Simla Nemestrina). Green Monkey (Simea Sabaea). Madagascar, or Vampyre Bat (Vespertilio Vam- pyrus). This uncommon animal is called, by Buffon, the Rausette ; it measures nearly three feet from the tip of one wing to the other; the body is nearly as large as that of a cat, but it resembles a rat in the shape of the head ; it is covered with short hair of a reddish brown colour; the top of each wing is armed with a strong claw, with which it fastens itself to the branches of trees; it has likewise five sharp claws on each foot. Some of these animals grow to an enormous size; and in the islands of the East Indies they are sometimes seen in such numbers, that they darken the air at noon-day: they are carniverous, and very voracious. In a scarcity of flesh and fish, they feed on vegetables and fruits of every kind. This is the 41 Bat to which- Linnaeus applied the title of Vampyr*, oh the supposition of its being the species of which so many extraordinary accounts have been given re- lative to its power of sucking the blood of men and cattle. The Great Ant-eater, or Tumamoir (Myrmecophaga Jubata), on the Staircase. This is the largest of the Ant-eaters, as well as the most singular in its appearance ; it is upwards of six feet in length, with a very long slender snout, out of which it protrudes -its worm-like tongue intd the nests of ants, on which it feeds. It is a native of South America, from whence one was some years since brought to Spain : it was fed on raw meat, cut small, of which it ate four or five pounds a day. The Civet (Viverra Civetta). This Cat is sometimes erroneously called the Musk- Gat. It is a native of the hottest climates of Africa, and Asia; yet it is capable of living in temperate or even in cold countries, if it be carefully defended against the injuries of air, and provided with delicate and succulent food. The Civet Cat is a wild, fierce animal, and feeds on its prey in the same manner as the fox. In Holland they are frequently reared for the sake of their perfume, which greatly resembles musk. This is produced in a pouch under the tail ; and those that keep them for this purpose, put them into a long narrow box, in which they cannot turn ; this box is opened behind twice or thrice a week by the person who collects the perfume, who drags the animal backwards by the tail, and keeps it in that situation by placing a bar before it, while with a small spoon he scrapes the odoriferous substance from the pouch in which it is produced. E3 The Pine Martin (Viverra Martis) Male and Fe- male. These are frequent in some of the Pine Forests in the Northern part of our island, and prey on birds, and other smaller animals. The Glutton (Ursus Gulo). Kangaroo Rat (Didelphis Tridactyla). This species, which from its colour and the general aspect of its upper parts, has obtained the title of the Kangaroo Rat, is about the size of a rabbit ; the ge- neral shape of the animal resembles that of the Kan- garoo, but is far less elegant, the proportion of the parts less pleasing, and the hair, which is a dusky, ci- nerous brown, of a coarser nature. In its teeth it agrees with the great Kangaroo, except that it has eight instead of six front teeth in the upper jaw, the two middle ones being sharp-pointed : the fore teeth in the lower jaw are like those of the Kangaroo as to shape and posi- tion, but are smaller in proportion; the grinders are three in number on each side both above and below, the foremost being fluted or channelled with several longitudinal ribs; the two remaining ones plain. The structure of the hind feet in this species resembles those of the Kangaroo, but the fore feet have only four toes. The female is furnished with an abdomi- nal pouch for the reception of the young. Some of this species were imported in a living state from New Holland, and brought forth young. Its native name is Poto Roo. The Water Shrew (Sorex Bicolor). The Foetid Shrew (Sorex Araneus). Young Hedge Hogs (Erinaceus Europeus). 43 The Brazilian Porcupine (Hystrix Prehensilis). This very curious animal measures about two feet six inches in length, and is entirely covered, except the tip of the tail, with short, strong, and very sharp spines, of which the largest is about three inches ; it inhabits woods, and climbs trees, in which it is assisted by its prehensile tail. One of them that was kept alive in an exhibition had an extremely foetid smell. The Aguti, or Long-nosed Cavy (Cavia Aguti). Is a plentiful animal in the warmer parts of South America, feeds on vegetables, and may be easily tamed. The Rock Cavy (Cavia Aperea). S.America. White Rat (Mus Decumanus). A variety of the Norway Rat. Black Rat (Mus Rattus). This is the original British Rat, now nearly extir- pated by the Norwegian species. A Collection of the various kinds of Mice found in Great Britain. *'*''* \, J The Marmot (Arctomys Marmota). The Marmot, when taken young, is more capable of being tamed than any other wild animal ; it will easily learn to perform feats with a stick, to dance and obey the voice of its master ; it bears a great an- tipathy to the dog, and when it becomes familiar in a house, and is certain of being supported by its mas-, ter, it will in his presence attack the largest dogs, and boldly fasten on them with its teeth. They are natives of the Alps and Pyrenean mountains, and re- main in a torpid state from the end of September to the beginning of April. They live in societies, from five to fourteen in number, in burrows which have several passages constructed with great art ; th principal apartment at the end is warmly lined with moss and hay ; and it is asserted that this work is carried on by the whole company ; that some cut the finest grass, others pull it up, others take it in their turn to convey it to the hole ; upon this occasion it is added, one of them lies on its back, permits the hay to be heaped on its belly, keeping its paws upright to make room, and in this manner it is dragged, hay and all, to their common retreat. Whenever they ven- ture abroad, one is placed as a centinel, sitting on an elevated rock, while the others amuse themselves in the fields below ; and no sooner does he perceive a man, an eagle, a dog, or any other enemy, than he informs the rest by a kind of whistle, and is himself the last to take refuge in the cell. These animals run much swifter up hill than down ; they climb trees, and run up the clefts of rocks with great ease : indeed it is ludicrously said of the Savoyards, who are the ge- neral chimney-sweepers of Paris, that they have learn- ed their trade from the Marmot. Pair of Squirrels from Russia (Sciurus Vulgaris). These vary very little from the common Squirrel of this country. White Hare (Lepus Variabilis): This specimen is of a large size, perfectly white, except the tips of the ears, which are black. It was received from Russia. - Hare from Nova Scotia (Lepus Americanus). . $ 5 And one from Hudson's Bay, in the act of chang- ing from its white, or winter clothing, to grey, its. summer colour. The Musk Antelope (Moschus Moscheferus). Till lately the animal that produced' the celebrated 45 perfume musk was very little known to the European naturalist. The musk is contained in an oval recep- tacle, about the size of a small egg, hanging from the middle of the abdomen, and is peculiar to the male animal; it is of so powerful and violent a nature when taken fresh, or in quantities put up by the mer- chants for sale, that it has been known to force the blood from the nose, eyes, and ears of those who have imprudently inhaled its vapours. They are natives of China and Tibet, and must be plenty, since Ta- vernier, the celebrated merchant and traveller, as- sures us, he had purchased in one journey 7673 of these musk bags. The Jllemina (Moschus Memina). This curious little animal was presented by her Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte of Wales. BIRDS. Almighty Being ! Cause and support of all things, can 1 view These objects of my wonder; can 1 feel These -fine sensations, and not think of thee ? KingoftJte Vultures (Vultur Papa). The Vulture is the most ravenous of the feathered race, since he kills prey not from choice, but in gene* ral devours only such animals as are dying, or found dead and putrid. His sense of smelling is so exqui- site, that he is able to scent a dead carcass at an amazing distance. " They are," says Pennant, " greedy and voracious to a proverb, and not timid, " for they prey in the midst of cities, undaunted by " mankind." In some of the battles of the East, where vast slaughter takes place of elephants, horses, and men, voracious animals crowd to the field from all quarters, of which Jackalls and Vultures are the chief. Even in the places where the last are at other times seldom observed, the plain on these occasions will be found covered with them. Vast multitudes will be seen in the air descending on every side to partake in the carnage. These the Indians believe to be brought by having an instinctive presentiment of slaughter some days before the event. It is ob- served, that Vultures in general become less nume- rous as the climate becomes colder ; and that in the more northern countries they are never found. They are undoubtedly a kind dispensation of Providence in the hotter regions, to prevent the putrid effluvia of the dead from too much injuring the health of the living. BRITISH EAGLES. 1. The Female of the Golden Eagle (Falco Chrysae- tos). Shot near London. 2. Tfie Fishing, or Sea Eagle (Falco Ossifragus). This extremely fine species, which measured 7 feet 9 inches in the extent of its wings, was killed in March, 1810, in Lincolnshire, in the Park of Sir Joseph Banks, by- whom it was presented to the Museum. 3. White-tailed Eagle (Falco Fulvus). 4. Black Eas*le (Falco MelanaetosY. .0 '( Falco Chrysaetos). This is one of the largest birds of the rapacious tribe; -it measures, from the point of the bill to the extremity of the tail, upwards of three feet ; its breadth from wing to wing about eight feet; and weighs from 16 to 18 pounds. The strength of this noble bird is such, that it can with ease carry a lamb ; and several instances are recorded of its having car- ried off' children. It is found in various parts of Eu- rope, but abounds most in the warmer regions ; it has been known to breed in the mountainous parts of Ire- land ; it lays three, and sometimes four eggs, of which seldom more than two are prolific. It is finely pre- served in the act of preying on the White Hare of Scotland. HAWKS. This Case contains 17 Birds of the rapacious kind, principally inhabitants of this island. 1. Moor Buzzard (Falco ^Erugenosus). 2. Common Buzzard (Falco Buteo). & Peregrine Falcon (Falco Peregrinus). 4. Ring-tail (Falco Pygargus). 5. Hen Harrier (Falco Cyaneus). This and the last are now proved to be male and female. 6. Kestrel (Falco Tinnunculus). 7. Kestrel, female. 8. Sparrow-hawk (Falco Nisus). 9. Merlin killing a Leveret. 10. Domingo Falcon (Falco Dominicencis). Is one of the smallest and most beautiful of the Hawks. 1 1 . Domingo Hawk, female. 12 and 13. Names unknown. 49 .,>/} 1o j| c l .?. BUTCHER BIRDS (LANIUS). 'jtpfmflf'I /;; <" ^ '.'/' ; ' ' "'. ? These are the last genus of the rapacious tribe ; they are bold and quarrelsome, mostly preying on small birds, which they tear in pieces, sticking th fragments on thorns. Some of them are natives of this country. -' '- w OWLS (STRIX). This Case contains 1 3 of the most remarkable Birds of this species, from the largest to the smallest known. They are carnivorous, and in general prey by night : those of this country feeding principally on mice, are protected in the barns of our farmers on that account. 1 . The Great Horned Owl of Hudson's Bay (Strix Bubo) approaches nearly to the size of the eagle : it is found in the most cold countries, and preys on hares and the larger species of game, &c. 2. Large Owl, unknown. 3. Snowy Owl (Strix Nyctea). This extremely beautiful and majestic bird is found in Europe, Ame- rica, and Asia : contrary to the habits of the others, it preys by day on herons, hares, mice, and some- times carrion in winter it is quite whjte. F 50 4- and 5. Pair of Canada Owls (Strix Eunerea). These make a near approach to some of the hawks. 6. The Tawney Owl (Strix Stridula) inhabits this country. 7 and 8. The White or "Barn Owls (Strix Flammea) with their young. 9. The Short-eared Owl (Strix Brachyotos) a rare British species, visiting us the latter end of summer, and departing in spring. 10. Little Owl (Strix Passerina). The smallest and most rare of the British Owls, little larger than a blackbird. 11 and 12. Indian Horned Owls (Strix Indica) only seven inches long the smallest known Owl. . 1*. :. 1 *iii; !.-<>, ft- .;'. > Small Case of Owh. i > '' '^>n' The Sooty Owl, or Cinerous Owl (S. Cineriea). One of the peculiarities of the Owl genus, is the disproportionate largeness of 'the eyes : this species however is an exception to that circumstance, for in this, although one of the largest of the family (30 inches long), the eyes do not exceed those of the most minute. This. does not appear to have been no- ticed by any author, probably from their not having examined them while living. It is a native of Hud- son's Bay, and is said to prey in the day on hares, grouse, &c. Presented by Mrs. Lean, of Fenchurch- street. 61 The Barred Owl (S. Nibulosa). Is likewise a na- tive of Hudson's Bay. Three other Small Owls, one of them from Monte Video, undescribed, remarkable for its long and slen- der legs. .,. --. . .. . :T.JW eud'jj'.;- ."' . ..-HJS .:/,;,0'j ;"'frf !.'! -J'^i^ff PARROTS (PSITTACUS). ..'6') bra vibfi^i* >< '* These Cases contain a numerous and elegant dis- play of the Parrot tribe, consisting ef about 80 species of Maccaws, Cockatoos, Lories, Parrots, and Paro- quets, of the most splendid and beautiful plumage, properly arranged and named. Of all the foreign birds, the Parrot is best known in this country, and is most admired ; nor without reason, as it unites the greatest beauty with th greatest docility. Its voice more exactly resemble* the human than that of any other bird, and is capable of numerous modulations, which even the tones of man cannot reach. The facility with which this bird is taught to speak, and the degree of memory that it possesses, are not a little surprising. So numerous are the stories respecting the loquacious faculty of the Parrot, that they would fill a volume. Parrots are uncommonly numerous in the tropical climates : the forests swarm with them, and the beauty of their plu- mage, though not their natural voice, adds a degree of vivacity to the loveliest of scenes. Though the Parrot is commonly domesticated in Europe, it will not breed here on account of the cold. It indeed cau F2 $2 survive our cold winter, but its spirits and appetiu* are both visibly affected by severe weather. It then becomes torpid and inactive, and seems quite changed from that bustling bird which it appears beneath a more genial sky. Nevertheless, with proper atten- tion, it will live a number of years under the protec- tion of man. The extreme sagacity and docility of this bird forms the only apology that can be made for the time which is spent in teaching it to talk. At first it obstinately resists all instruction, but seems to be won by perseverance ; makes a few attempts to imitate the first sounds, antl, when it has once ac- quired the articulation of one word distinctly, the rest of the lesson is generally learned with great ease. The sagacity and docility, however, which Parrots shew in a domestic state, seem also natural to them in their residence among the woods. They live toge- ther in flocks, and mutually assist each other against their enemies, either by their courage or their notes of warning. They breed in the hollows of trees, where they make their nests. The larger kinds lay only two or three eggs ; but it is probable that the smaller ones lay more. The natives are very assidu- ous in finding out the places where they nestle, for* the purpose of procuring the young ; because those prove the most tractable and lively which are reared m confinement. Indeed the Indians are not anxious to possess these birds for their talking alone, for sale, or for their beauty, but also for food ; since, though some are ill-tasted, others are very delicate eating, particularly the paroquet kind. Numerous as the species are, and widely as they are disseminated over Asia, Africa, and America, yet it appears that they were not very generally known to the Greeks. The green Paroquet with a red neck was the first of this family imported into Europe: for Onesicrites, the conductor or admiral of the fleet of Alexander the Great, brought them from the Island of Taprobane, the modern Ceylon. They were indeed so new and uncommon, that Aristotle, in his 8th book of animals, seems not to have seen them, and mentions them only from report; for he says, " there is an Indian bird, called the Psittace, which is said to speak." The beauty of these birds made them however ob- jects of luxury among the Romans, who lodged them in cages of silver, or shells, and of ivory; and the price of a parrot often exceeded that of a slave. To enumerate what number of distinct species of these birds have already been discovered, would be impos- sible, since our vessels from New Holland, and the southern islands, are daily adding new ones to this extensive and beautiful genus. The one in the larger Case, marked unique, is the property of A. Harrison, Esq. of Parliament-street, Westminster, to whose liberality the Proprietor of this Museum is indebted for many of the rare produc- tions of New Holland: it was received from Port Jackson, and the only one known to have been killed at the colony. -<}!/ > ' " ':(*( :'! lit*' ' TOUCANS (RAMPHASTOS). This Case contains twelve of these highly singular birds, among which are the following : White-throated Toucan (Ramphastos Toco). The bill of this curious bird is of a most uncommon size, being nearly as large as the whole body, which F3 m*i?. -54 gives the bird somewhat the appearance of having thrust its head into the claw of a large lobster ; this extraordinary bill is seven inches and a half long, and seven in circumference ; it is extremely slight, and as thin as parchment. This bird, so formidable in ap- pearance, is quite harmless and gentle ; it feeds prin- cipally on pepper, which it devours very greedily, gorging itself in such a manner, that it voids it crude and inconcocted ; this, however, is no objection to the natives using it again. They even prefer it to that which is fresh gathered from the tree ; and seem per- suaded that the strength and heat of the pepper is qualified by the bird, and that all its noxious qualities are thus exhausted. It is a native of South America. The Piperine Toucan (Ramphastos Piperivorus). Male and female. Aracari Toucan (Ramphastos Aracari). Is a native of South America, remarkable for the great size of its bill, as well as the beauty of colour. Yellow-breasted Toucan (Ramphastos Tucanus). Inhabits South America : habits, similar to the last. In the same Case is the Brazilian Motmot (Mo- motus Brasiliensis). This beautiful and remarkable bird is about eighteen inches long, though the body is not larger than that of a thrush : it inhabits unfrequented forests, build- ing its nest on the ground, or in holes abandoned by the Armadillo, and lays two eggs; feeds on insects, which it macerates in water. Near the last is a variety of it from Mexico, with the crown of the head roufous, and the feather of the tail not bare as in the other. Above these is the Channel Bill, of New Holland (Scythrops Psittaceus). The only one of that genus knows. 65 .?j;>iW- . i**S) iv.*m^li-fe^ ABYSSINIAN HORNBILL, i (Euceros Abyssinicus}. '. This Case contains five specimens of the Male and Female of this rare and very curious bird. They are upwards of 3 feet long; the extraordinary protube- rance in the front of the head of all the birds of this genus, is in this species very remarkable, appearing as if cut through. These birds were lately sent from Senegal, where they are said to arrive in a very exhausted state dur- ing the hot winds that blow from Abyssinia. They feed on rats, lizards, and other small animals. HORNBILL, NO. 2. .>ii*.;t!tif:j >>.:. : -<;.' V<' i,..fc.-.. vu; ebuiii fci.vnj.v yj F- The African Hornbill (Buceros Africanus). Of all the various forms which are met with in the heads of animals, those of the Hornbill appear the most extraordinary ; to the enormous bill of the Tou- cans, nature has added a still larger projection from, the forehead along the upper mandible, the precise use of which has baffled the research of the most at- tentive naturalist. Sixteen different species of this bird are enumerated by travellers and writers, the heads of many of which are preserved in this collec- tion. 56 Pied Hornbill (Bucerds Malabaricus). Black-billed Hornbills (B. Nosuatus). Male and Female. They are natives of Senegal, and feed on fruits. Red-billed Hornbill. Dr. Latham, in his Synopsis, makes these only va- riety of the former. Linnaeus thought them mate and female ; and Buflfbn thought they differed only from age ; but by comparing them, the beak will be found to differ exceedingly in shape, so much so, as to leave no doubt with me of their being distinct species. CROWS (CORVUS). This Case contains a great variety of the birds of this genus, some of which are highly beautiful in their plumage, while others surprise by their singularity. The various kinds are found by navigators inhabiting every part of the known world. They are in general clamorous and mischievous birds, easily tamed, and several imitate the human voice distinctly. They are promiscuous feeders; carrion is a favourite food, but they do not object to cater for themselves by killing rabbits, young ducks, chicken, or any small animals they have strength to overpower. Ten species are found in Great Britain. 57 ROLLIER (CORACIAS). These are, in their manner and general habits, much allied to the last : many of them are of the most vivid plumage, of which the Senegal Rollierwiil serve as an example. ORIOLES (ORIOLUS). AND GRAKLES (GRACULA)' This Case contains about 40 Orioles and 8 Gra- des. The Orioles are chiefly natives of America, where, by their prodigious numbers, and their voracity, they do great injury to the plantations of corn ; many of the species build pendulous nests, some of which are suspended at the extreme ends of the branches of trees, with the entrance either at the bottom or side. They are birds of considerable beauty, the pre- vailing colour being black, contrasted with bright red and yellow. The Grakles are mostly natives of India, where they are frequently kept in cages : some of them imitate the human voice much nearer than any of the parrot kind, for which reason they are frequently brought to this country. They principally feed on vegetables. BIRDS OF PARADISE. This Case contains, it is presumed, the finest col- lection of the birds of this kind in Europe, either in respect of number, variety, or preservation. Greater Bird of Paradise (Paradisea Apoda). No birds have perhaps more puzzled the Naturalist than those which are termed Birds of Paradise. They have been described as the inhabitants of the air, never resting on the earth, and living on the dews of heaven. Others have asserted, that they live on in- sects ; while some have insisted, that they have no legs ; others again contend, that they have not only strong and large legs, but that they are birds of prey. But the fact is, that the inhabitants of the Molucca Islands, perceiving the inclinations the Europeans have to obtain these birds, and at the same time taking ad- vantage of their credulity, originally practised many deceits in order to enhance their value. Error how- ever is not of very long duration ; and, in the present instance, it was at length discovered, that these birds had not only legs, but that they were so dispropor- tionably large, that they took away a considerable share of the elegance of the birds ; on this account it is not improbable they were deprived of them by the islanders. Buflfbn, in his history of birds, says, this beautiful bird is not much diffused, it is in general confined to that part of Asia which produces the spi- ceries, and especially the islands of Arou. It is known also in the part of New Guinea opposite to those islands; but the name which it there receives, J3urung Arou, seems to indicate its natal soil. The Bird of Paradise is supposed to subsist on the aroma- tic productions of these islands ; at least, it does not live solely on dew. .Linnaeus says, it feeds on large Butterflies; and Bontius, thatit sometimes preys upon birds. Its ordinary haunt is in the woods, where perching in the trees, the Indians watch it in slender huts, which they attach to the branches, and shoot it with their arrows of reeds. The ancients seem to have been totally unacquainted with the Bird of Pa- radise. Belon pretends that it was the Phoenix of antiquity; but his opinion is founded on the fabulous qualities of both. The Phoenix, too, appeared in Ara- bia and Egypt, while the Bird of Paradise has re- mained always attached to the oriental parts of Asia, which were very little known to the ancients. The extreme elegance of the tail feathers of this bird have made them expensive articles of female decoration. Lesser Bird of Paradise, This differs from the last, in being considerably less, and in having a long flowing feather at the sides, of a much finer texture and colour. The Magnificent Bird of Paradise (ParadiseaMag- nifica). The Gorget Bird of Paradise (Paradisea Nigra). This is a most splendid and beautiful bird, and likewise extremely rare. Presented by Lady Banks, ' ' ' 60 King Bird of Paradise (Paradisea Regia). This superb bird is usually called the King of th Birds of Paradise ; but this appellation is drawn from fabulous accounts. Clusius was informed by the ma- riners, from a tradition which prevailed in the East, that each of the species of the Birds of Paradise had its leader, whose royal mandates were received with submissive obedience by a numerous trait) of subjects; that his majesty always flew above the flock, and issued orders for inspecting and tasting the springs, where they might drink with safety. It inhabits the islands of the Indian Ocean, and returns to New Guinea in the rainy season ; feeds on berries, is a solitary bird, and is highly valued on account of its rarity and beauty of plumage. Black-bodied Bird of Paradise. This beautiful and uncommon bird, which does not appear to have been seen by any English writer, is, like the others, a native of the Molucca islands, but is a rarity even in that country ; the plumes being worn only by persons of the first rank ; the whole of the head, neck, body, and tail, is a fine black, with a velvet-like gloss, the latterchangingin some lights to a rich purple. The bill is long, black, and some- what hooked ; the feathers under the lower mandible reaching a considerable part of its length : from the back of the neck rises a divided tuft of long, thick, close-set black feathers, edged with resplendent eme- rald green ; from the sides of the body and wings ris two tufts of long delicate silky feathers, as in the common Bird of Paradise, only smaller, six on each side of which have strong black wire-like termina- tions, about nine inches long, destitute of every ap- pearance of feathers. Blue Green Bird of Paradise (Paradisea Viridis), 61 -Golden Bird of Paradise (Latham's Synopsis, vol. !, page 483.) Superb Bird of Paradise (Paradisea Superba). Pair of Birds of Paradise, undescribed. The Red Bird of Paradise. This beautiful and very rare bird we are acquainted with through the figure in the splendid publication of Oiseaux Dores, in which it is called Le Paradis Rouge: it seems to be nearest allied to the greater bird of Para- dise, the principal difference being in the colour of the long side feathers, which rise under the wings, being in this of a fine red, and that instead of the long wire feather in the tail, it has two curious appendages re- sembling flat pieces of polished whalebone. This specimen is believed to be the only one ever brought to England. Black Bird of Paradise (Paradisea Furcata.) The Grand Hoopoe (Latham's Synopsis, vol. 2, page 695.) j. sUiiuoual &u :-'/ -J./TS (Le Grand Promerops d paremens f rises, Buflbn, vol. 4-, page 472.) This magnificent bird is thus described by Mr. La- tham : " This most extraordinary and beautiful bird " is near four feet in length from the tip of the bill " to the end of the tail ; the body is the size only " of a middling pigeon, though much elongated in " shape. The bill is three inches long, pretty much " curved, and black ; the head, hind part of the neck, " and upper part of the belly, are of a shining green ; " the rest of the plumage, on the upper parts, black, " mixed with a gloss of changeable violet, but the *' wings, in some lights, appear blue ; the fore part " of the neck, and lower part of the belly, without G 62 '* gloss. The scapular feathers are of a singular con- tf struction, the webs on one side of the shaft being ex- ' ceedingly short, and on the other of a great length ; the shape of them falciform ; they are of a purplish black colour, with the ends for three quarters of an inch of a most brilliant, gilded, glossy green, though some of them in a different light reflect a blue gloss ; beneath each wing rises a thick tuft of feathers eight inches and a half in length, and of a texture resembling the herring-bone ones in the greater Bird of Paradise." A Pair of New Holland Birds of Paradise (P. Parkinson ja), one presented by the Countess of Li- verpool, the other by Dr. Smith, President of the Liniuean Society. CUCKOWS (CUCULUS). This Collection contains nearly 40 species of this fa- mily. The habita of the common Cuckow are well known, and may serve to give a general idea of most of them. They are scattered over most parts of the world, some of them are of fine plumage, as the Cu- preous, which is an inhabitant of the hottest parts of Africa, where however it is rare : the rich metallic glossy green with which the whole upper parts are covered, can only be equalled by the glowing tints of the Humming Bird. WOODPECKERS (PICUs). The birds of this genus climb up and down trees iri search of insects, which they transfix and draw out from the clefts of the bark, by means of the tongue, which is bony at the end, barbed, and furnished with a curious apparatus of muscles for the purpose of throwing it forward with great force. They build in decaying and dead trees, which they perforate with their hard, wedge-shaped bill. Their feet are very strong, having the toes placed two before and two be- hind, and in climbing are assisted by the strong^ pointed feathers of their tail : some of them are found iri England. There are upwards of forty in this Case, in which are also a few of the next genus in the Lin- na?an arrangement, the Nuthatch (Sitta), whose mode of life are much like the Woodpecker, from which they differ in having the toes placed three, before and one behind. KING-FISHER (ALCEDo). The birds of this family vary much in size ; some of them are very splendid in their plumage, in which bright blue is the colour that predominates in the whole tribe. They mostly frequent rivers, and feed on fish, which they catch with much dexterity -they swallow G2 64 their prey whole their wings are short, yet they fly with great swiftness. The only one found in this country is the common King-fisher (Alcedo Ispida). The Greeks celebrated this bird by the name of Alcyon, or Halcyon; the epithet Alcymnan was appli- cable by them to the four days before and after the winter solstice, when the sun shone brilliantly, the sky serene, and the sea smooth and tranquil. It was then the timorous mariners of antiquity ventured to lose sight of shore, and shape their course on the glassy main. The King-fisher is the most esteemed of Bri- tish birds for the brilliancy of its colours. It nestles on the banks of rivers and brooks, in holes made by water-rats. Gessner observes, that it can never be tamed, and that it is always wild. Its flesh has the odour of bastard musk, and is very unpalatable food ; its fat is reddish; its stomach roomy and flaccid, as in birds of prey ; and like them too, it discharges by the bill the undigested fragments, scales and bones, rolled into little balls. In the same Case are a few of Jacamars (Galbula), the plumage of some of which partakes of the metallic lustre of the Humming-Bird. BEE-EATERS (MEROPs). The birds of this genus are mostly natives of the Old Continent, few being found in America; but the discovery of New Holland has brought us acquainted with a number of species that were unknown to us be- fore. Their general food is said to be insects, and 65 that they build their nests in holes on the banks of rivers in the same manner as the King-fisher, to which they seem much allied. The European "Bee- Eater (Merops Apiaster), is a native of many of the warmer parts of Europe, but is rarely seen in the British dominions. It is extremely common in Greece, and the islands of the Archipe- lago; and in Crete is most plentiful. It is in this latter island that the curious mode of bird-catching, described by Bellonius, is said to be frequently prac- tised with success, viz. a cicada is fastened on a bent pin, or a fish-hook, and tied to a long line. The in- sect, when thrown from the hand, ascends into the air, and flies with rapidity ; the Merops, ever on the watch, seeing the cicada, springs at it, and swallowing the bait, is thus taken by the Cretan boys. CREEPERS (CERTHIA). These birds bear a strong resemblance to the Ham- ming-Bird, as to size and the varied tints of glossy colouring, but the legs are always longer, and the bill in general more bent and sharper at the point. They are likewise dispersed over every part of the, world, while the Humming-Birds are confined to America. Their food is insects, which they find under the bark of trees. The common Creeper (Certhia Famili- aris) of this country, is an example (says that excel - G3 66 lent Ornithologist, Dr. Latham), of the facility with which they run in every direction on the smoothest ttee, like a fly on a glass window. HUMMING-BIRDS. (Trocldlus). Say, who can paint Like Nature ? Can Imagination boast, Amid her gay creation, hues like these ? . - ,, THOMSOK. This Case contains nearly 1 00 various Humming- Birds, and is allowed to be the finest collection in Eu- rope: such as are known have their names in the order they stand in the system of Linnaeus. Of all animated beings (says Buffon) the Fly Bird is the most elegant in form, and superb in colours. The precious stones, polished by art, cannot be compared to this jewel of nature. Her miniature productions are ever the most wonderful ; she has placed in it the order of birds, at the bottom of the scale of magnitude ; but all the talents that are only shared amongst the other?, she has bestowed profusely on this little favourite. The emerald, the ruby, and the topaz, sparkle in its plumage, which is never soiled by the dust of the ground. It is inconceivable how 67 much these brilliant birds add to the high finish and beauty of the western landscape. No soorter is the sun risen, than numerous kinds are seen fluttering abroad : their wings are so rapid in motion, that it is impossible to discern their colours, except by their glittering ; they are never still, but continually visit- ing flower after flower, and extracting the honey. For this purpose they are furnished with a forked tongue, which enters the cup of the flower, and enables them to sip the nectared tribute; upon this alone they subsist. In their flight they make a buz- zing noise, not unlike a spinning-wheel j whence they have their name. The nests of these birds are not less curious than their form : they are suspended in the air at the ex- tremity of an orange branch, a pomegranate, or a citron tree, and sometimes even to a straw pendant from a hut, if they find one convenient for the pur- pose, the female is the architect, while the male goes in quest of materials, such as fine cotton, moss, and the fibres of vegetables. The nest is about the size of half a walnut. They lay two eggs at a time, and never more, in appearance like small pease, as white as snow, with here and there a yellow speck. The time of incubation continues twelve days, at the end of which the young ones appear, being then not larger than a blue- bottle fly. " I could never per- " ceive (says Father Dutertre) how the mother " fed them, except that she presented the tongue co- " vered entirely with honey extracted from flowers." Those who have tried to feed them with syrups could not keep them alive more than a few weeks ; these aliments, though of easy digestion, are very different from the delicate nectar collected from the fresh blos- soms. It has been alleged by various naturalists, that during the winter season they remain torpid, suspended by the bill from the bark of a tree, and 68 awakened into life when the flowers begin to blow; but these fictions are rejected, for Catesby saw them through the year at St. Domingo and Mexico, where nature never entirely loses her bloom. Sloane says the same of Jamaica, only that they are more nume- rous after the rainy season ; and prior to buth, Marc- grave mentions them as being frequent the whole year in the woods of Brazil. The method of obtain- ing these minute birds is to shoot them with sand, or by means of the trunk-gun ; they will allow one to approach within five or six paces of them. It is easy to lay hold of the little creature while it hums at the blossom. It dies soon after it is caught, and serves to decorate the Indian girls, who wear two of these charming birds, as pendants from their ears. The Indians, indeed, are so struck and dazzled with the brilliancy of their various hues, that they have named them the Beams, or Locks of tfie Sun. Such is the his- tory of this little being, who flutters from flower to flower, breathes their freshness, wantons on the wings of the cooling zephyrs, sips the nectar of a thousand sweets, and resides in climes where reigns the beauty of eternal spring. DUCKS (ANAS). We are now arrived at the third order in the Lin- neean classification, called Anseres. The whole of the birds in this order have webbed feet, and reside prin- cipally on the water. This Case contains twelve species of Ducks, many of them very rare : among the most conspicuous is- the Mandarine Teal (Anas Galericulata), remarkable for its beautiful colours, and the sail-like feathers that rise from its back. 69 WATER FOWL (ANSEREs). In the bottom, preserved in the act of swimming, is a fine specimen of the Black Swan from New Hol- land (Anas Atrata). It was kept tame for some time at Frogmore, and is one of the many articles which her Majesty has condescendingly presented to this Collection. Little Auk (Alca Alle). A rare British bird. Patagonian Penguin (Aptenodytes Patachonica). This highly curiou bird seems to form the con- necting link between the feathered and scaly race. It is upwards of three feet in height; its fin-like legs being placed at the extreme end of its body ; it can stand in no position but quite upright; in place of wings, it has two dangling flaps, which when in the water serve as fins, but are of no use on shore, as it is totally incapable of flight; it seldom comes to land, but for the purpose of depositing its eggs ; it is then so easily taken, that, Capt. Cook says, a man might kill with a stick, in a few hours, as many as would load a large boat. Little Penguin (Aptenodytes Minor). Inhabits New Zealand. Crested Penguin (Aptenodytes Chrysocome). Stormy Petrel (Procellaria Pelagia), This biiJ resembles the Chimney Swallow in its general appearance, a >d in the swiftness of its flight: it is met with by mariners on every part of the ocean., 70 but is always an unwelcome visitor, as a storm is soon expected after its appearance. It runs on foot, or skims over the surface of the heavy rolling waves of the most tempestuous sea quite at ease, and yet it seems to foresee and fear the coming storm long before the seamen can discover the least appearance of its approach. The Snowy Petrel (Procellaria Nivea). Black Darters (Anhinga Melanogaster). These are natives of the lakes and rivers of Brazil; they live chiefly on fish, which they take by darting forward the head, whilst the neck is contracted like the body of a serpent. Mr. Abbot, the Naturalist of Savannah, in America, says that he examined a nest that had two eggs and six young, of three dif- ferent sizes, which he believes belonged to different females. They are extremely difficult to shoot, keep- ing the head only above water. The Black Skimmer (Rynchops Nigra). Is remarkable for its singular bill, the lower man- dible of which projects considerably beyond the up- per, into which it fits like a razor in its handle. It in- habits America and Asia, and is continually flying about and skimming over water, out of which it scoops small fish with its oddly projecting bill. i .:.;; ,/':i:i*;i '.'V'.Vl i', "ill .i'.oitr ?. I'.: I ; '.-, 71 SPOONBILLS (PLATALEA). The bill of this remarkable species is long, and toward the extremity spread out in a spoon-like form. The White one (Platalea Leucorodea), was formerly not very uncommon in this island ; but since the in- troduction of fire arms, and the improvement that has gradually taken place in the art of shooting, they have, with other birds then found in plenty, left this country for others more 'retired. The Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea Ajaja). Is a natire of South America. CRANES, NO. 1. (Ardea}. Numidian Crane, or Demoiselle (Ardea Virgo). This beautiful bird has received the name of De- moiselle, or Miss, on account of its elegant form, its rich garb, and its affected airs. It was famous amongst the ancients, though it was little known or 6een in 6reece or Italy. A large species of Crane from New Holland ; geems nearly allied to Ardea Antigone of Linnaeus. Length, five feet nine inches; breadth of the wing, tix feet three inches j general colour bluish ash, ex- 72 cept the quills and chin, which are black ; top of the head without feather, ash colour; the regions of the eyes and -back of the neck covered by a carunculated skin of bright vermilion colour. Presented by Dr. Munro, jun. who received it from New Holland, where it was killed by Dr. Jamieson. Great White Stork (Ardea Alba). Green Heron (Ardea Virescens). Cinerous Herons, male and female. CROWNED CRANES. Pair of Crowned African Cranes (Ardea Pavonia). These owe their title of Royal to a sort of crown which decorates their head. They inhabit Africa, es- pecially Gambia, the Gold Coast, and Cape Verd. They are of a gentle and pacific disposition ; their de- fence is their stature, and the rapidity wiih which they run and fly. They are less afraid of man than of their other enemies: we are assured, that at Cape Verd these birds are half domesticated, and that they come into the court-yards to eat grain with the Gui- nea fowls. Their cry is like the peacock's. The Portu- guese, in the 15th century, it is supposed, were the first people that brought these birds into Europe, at the time they discovered the*Gold Coast. In the bottom of this Case is the Bull Frog of America. (Rana Maxima). 7$; BITTERNS (ARDEA), ' Agami Heron (A. Agami). Is a beautiful bird, inhabiting the swamps of Ca- yenne. J : .iel.Ti .\-;.\V.*\Z M \ + The Striated Heron, is like wise from Cayenne^ and when close examined, has much beauty of plumage. Tiger Bittern (A. Tigrina). Remarkable for the strong contrast of its rich co- louring, which resembles the animal from which it is, named. Little Bittern (A. Minuta). Shot in England, where it has lately been several times killed. Minute Bittern (A. Exilis). The smallest of the genus, only eleven inches long : from Monte Video. IBIS (TANTALUS). Sacred Ibis. This remarkable Bird, which is the first exhibited in this country, has just been received from Africa, and lately described by a French natu- ralist, as the celebrated sacred bird of the Egyptians (the identity of which has long been disputed) and there is every reason to believe it to be the species of which the Mummies, in the bird pits at Saccarra, are composed. 74. It has been examined at the house of Sir Joseph Banks with the most perfect Mummy known, in which the feathers are still entire, and the result left no doubt on the minds of the Gentlemen present, of its being the true species of Ibis, held sacred and pre- served by the ancient Egyptians. See tiie Mummy near it. The Glossy Ibis (T. Igneus). This was lately killed in Wales. It was likewise shot a few years since in Lancashire. Egyptian Ibis (T. Ibis). This large species is what most Naturalists have considered as the sacred, but on examination with those Mummies that have come under my observation, I find it much longer, ,and the bill very different from any of them. Scarlet Ibis (Tantalus Ruber). Inhabits the borders of the great lakes and rivers of South America. The colour of the whole bird, ex- cept the tips of its wings, which are black, is bright scarlet. It feeds on small insects and crabs, and will breed in a domestic state. CURLEWS (SCOLOPAX). Common Curlew (Scolopax Arquata), with its nest and eggs, taken on the moors between Edinburgh and the falls of the Clyde. The young one was kept alive for some time ; its 75 food was small pieces of raw flesh : the bill, at their exclusion, is little larger than our domestic fowls, and it is not till the bird is nearly at its growth that it at- tains any considerable length. In this Case are a number of the Scolopax genus, some of which are rare. PARRA (JACCANA). ' In this Case are several species of these birds, re- markable for the extreme size of their feet, and the sharp spurs with which the shoulders of some of them are armed. They are natives of the warmer parts of India, Africa, and America, and in their manner much resemble the Rail, of which there are several in the same Case, as also one of the genus Psophia, or Trumpeter, which is very common in Brazil, running after persons in the streets, persecut- ing them with its harsh, unpleasant cry, which is not unlike a child's trumpet. CURASSOWS (CRAX). Crested Curassows (Crax Alector). Male and fe- male. Inhabits Surinam and other warm parts of South America j its size is nearly that of a turkey j the H 2 male is black, but in the female the feathers of UK: head and neck are black and white, and the whole ol the body is a rich mixture of fine cream-colour and black ; the head is ornamented with an erect crest, each feather being bent a little forward, which gives the bird a very majestic appearance. They are do- mesticated in South America, and are said to be ex- eellent food. PHEASANTS (PIIASIANUS). Ciyjl iiSC! ' Argus Pheasant, or Luen (Phasianus Argus). This superb and majestic bird was first described by Edwards, in the 55th volume of the Philosophi- cal Transactions, who says, " It is the largest of the " pheasant genus yet known, being in size equal to " a full-grown turkey." The wings and tail are be- sprinkled with a multitude of round spots like eyes; whence it has received the name of Argus. The fea- thers in the middle of the tail are very long, and project much beyond the rest. (A much longer, and equally beautiful feather, of an unknown species of Chinese Pheasant, five feet long, is in the same Case). Its head is covered with a double crest. It has been xloubted whether this bird had not origi- nally more than two long tail-feathers ; this, however, on examination of the rump, seems never to have been the case. Mr. Pennant describes it as having spurs like the common cock, but this also appears to be an error; for this bird, although a male, and of full growth, has not the slightest appearance of them. 77 This extraordinary bird, with its wings extended, measures eighteen feet in circumference. It is a na- tive of the North of China. Golden Pheasant of China (-Phasianus Pictus). Of the brilliancy with which nature so often deco- rates the feathered tribe, the Golden Pheasant is one of the most striking examples ; a bird of which the colours are so powerfully lucid, as to dazzle in a full light the eyes of the spectator, and can only be ex- ceeded by the polished lustre of the humming-bird: even the peacock himself, with all his gaudy plu- mage, falls short in the comparison. This splendid bird is now bred in this country, and will stand our winters tolerably well. The female was presented to the Museum, by her Majesty. The Ringed Pheasant (P. Colchicus var.). Pre- sented by the Bishop of Salisbury. A pair of Bohemian PJieasants, presented by Lady Reade, who was the first person that succeeded in breeding this species in England. WOOD GROUSE, OR CAPERCAILE, (Tetrao UrogaUus). The male of this noble species of Game is nearly as large as a turkey, but the female is considerably smaller. They were formerly found in Ireland and Scotland, but are now believed to be extinct, as I H3 hear of no authentic account of any having been met with for several years. They are now found in various parts of the old continent, principally in the northern, in the large pine forests j and many of them are sent every win- ter from Sweden to London, and used at the tables of the great, being by many considered a luxury, although they are said to taste strong of the pine buds on which they feed. BRITISH GAME. Pair of Red Grouse (Tetrao Scoticus). Pair of the Black Grouse (Tetrao Tetrix). Pair of the Ptarmigan (Tetrao Lagopus). The White Hare (Lepus Variabilis). This species are found on the northern hills of Eu- rope, Asia, and America, from whence in the winter they migrate to the plains in troops, and return in spring. The limbs and tail are shorter than the com- mon hare; they change from a reddish grey to white in the winter, except the tips of the ears, which are black. 79 PIGEONS (COLUMBA). In this Case are a great variety of the Pigeons and Doves from almost every part of the world, with their names affixed to them. Among the most re- markable, is the Crowned Pigeon (Columba Coronata). The gigantic size of this species, which is not far short of a turkey, has caused some naturalists to place it rather among the gallinaceous tribe than in the ge- nus Columba. Its characters are however so clearly and decisively marked, as to declare at once its pro- per genus. It is undoubtedly one of the most elegant of birds, and is a native of the Molucca Islands. Its voice resembles that of the wood pigeon, but in so loud and hoarse a tone, that it is recorded of some of Mons. Bougainville's sailors, that they were great- ly alarmed on hearing it for the first time in the unfre- quented spots of some islands on which they landed ; supposing it to have proceeded from the savage cries of hostile and concealed natives. This bird is fre- quently brought to Europe alive, and is considered as one of the greatest 4 ornaments of the menagerie. The above bird was presented to the Proprietor, with other articles, by her Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte of Wales. The Bronzed-winged Pigeon (C. Chalcoptera). Is a beautiful species inhabiting New Holland ; the covert of its wings exhibiting all the prismatic co- lours on a metallic ground. The beautiful White Fan-tailed Dove was presented by her Majesty, who received it from Walcheren. 80 THRUSHES (TURBUS). AND CHATTERERS (AMPLIs). This Case contains about forty species of the Thrush and Chatterers. The first are not remarkable in ge- neral for the splendour of plumage, though some strong exceptions will be observed in this collection, but the richness of their melody makes ample amends. One species, the Mocking Bird of America (Turdus Polyglottus), deserves particular notice ; without any exterior attractions, it possesses faculties which ren- der it one of the greatest objects of curiosity and ad- miration among the feathered tribes. It is about the size of a Thrush. Its natural notes are musical and solemn j but it likewise possesses the singular power of assuming the tones of every other animal, whe- ther quadruped or bird. It seems to divert itself with alternately alluring or terrifying other birds, and to sport with their hopes and their fears. Sometimes it en- tices them with the call of their mates, and on their approach terrifies them with the scream of the eagle, or some other bird of prey. It frequents the habita- tions of mankind, and is easily domesticated; it builds its nest in the fruit trees, near the houses of the plan- ters ; and sitting sometimes most of the night on the tops of their chimnies, assumes its own native melo- dy, and pours forth the sweetest and most varied strains. The savages call it Cencontlatolli, or Four Hundred Languages. It is found in Carolina, Ja.- 81 maica, New Spain, &c. In Jamaica, it is very common in the Savannahs, where it perches on the highest tree to chant its song. The Glossy Thrush (T. jEneus). Is a magnificent species, near 18 inches long, of the most shining and vivid colour, which changes as seen in different lights. The Chatterers are mostly natives of South Ame- rica, and remarkable for the rich and varied tints of their feathers. GROSBEAK (tOXIA), AND I/.:M >.! } BUNTINGS (EMBERIZA). About seventy birds of the above species are col- lected together in this Case, all properly named. The Grosbeaks feed principally on hard seeds, which their strong bills enable them easily to open. Many of them are inhabitants of the cold parts of Europe and America. The Buntings are likewise seed birds, and have a tooth- like process in the upper mandible, which enables them to split their food with great facility. In this genus are included the several species of Whidah Birds, remarkable for their elegance and great length of tail. ?i t C->iffu.' (.1 .$ . ::< w/ .fttH*: TANAGEB (TANACRA), AND FINCHES (FRINGILLA). About eighty of these are contained in this Case. The Tanager are mostly natives of South America, and no family of birds exhibit a greater diversity of splendid colours. They, as well as the Finches, feed on grain and seed, and are often troublesome and de- structive to the plantations, in whose neighbourhood they abound^ FLY-CATCHERS (MUSCICAPA). The birds of this genus are perhaps more univer- sally dispersed over every part of the globe than any other. Their food is entirely insects, which, but forthe multitudes that are consumed by them, would render some countries unfit for human residence : about one hundred species are described. WARBLERS (MOTACILLA). This genus is more numerous than any other oi birds. Dr. Latham, in his excellent work, (t The 83 general Synopsis of Birds," describes one hundred and ninety -eight species. The major part of them inhabit the warmer countries, -where insects, their proper food, abound. They are in general not re- markable for gaiety of plumage, but their melody amply compensates for their deficiency in that re- spect. The Nightingale (Metacilla Luscma), though com- mon in this country, never visits the northern parts of our island, and is seldom seen but in the neighbour- hood of London, and the western counties. The following description of the varied song of this unri- valled bird is taken from the ingenious author of the Histoire des Qiseaux : " The leader of the vernal " chorus begins with a low and timid voice,, and he prepares for the hymn to nature by essaying his powers and attuning his organs ; by degrees the sound opens and swells, it bursts with loud and vivid flashes, it flows with smooth volubility, it faints and murmurs, it shakes with rapid and vio- lent articulations ; the soft breathings of love and joy are poured from its inmost soul, and every heart beats unison and melts with delicious languor. But this continued richness might satiate the ear; the strains are at times relieved by pauses, which ' bestow dignity and elevation. The mild silence of evening heightens the general effect, and not a ri- val interrupts the solemn scene." They hegin to build in May. MANAKIN, TITMICE, AND SWALLOWS. (Pipra). (Parus). (Herunda). '-> , > /jflffu; The Manakins, at first sight, resemble the next ge- nus, or Titmice. They are mostly natives of South America, and are in general beautiful in their co- lours. The most remarkable species is the Cock of the Rock, or Crested Manakin (Pipra Rupicola). Though this bird is of an uniform orange colour, it is one of the most beautiful of South America. They are found in great numbers on the mountain Luca, near Oyapoc, and on the mountain Courouaye, near the river Aprouack. They are esteemed for the sake of their plumage, and are very scarce and dear ; be- cause the savages, either from superstition or fear, will not venture into the dark caverns where they lodge. The Titmice are a very active and fertile race, lay- ing from eighteen to twenty eggs at one hatch. They fced on fruit, seeds, and insects, and a few on flesh ; most of them are fond of the brains of other birds, which they get at by cleaving the skull of such as they find dead. Several are natives of Britain, and are an extremely entertaining bird in captivity, but are dangerous to introduce into an aviary, on account of their cruelty and boldness. The natural history of the Swallow is extremely in- teresting, and has been the cause of much contro- versy among authors ; but we are still in much doubt respecting their manners and habits. A few species visit this country in the summer, and skim over moist and wet places in search of insects, which they dex- terously take on the wing. GOATSUCKERS (CAPRIMULGUS). The birds of this family (the last in the Linnaean arrangement) have their mouths of extraordinary size, opening far beyond the eyes, which enable them to take large insects on the wing. They sel- dom appear in the day time, except when disturbed, or in dark cloudy weather. They lay two eggs, which they deposit on the naked ground. The voice of the European one resembles the noise made by a large spinning wheel. Birds in separate Cases t not numbered, lut each having a reference to the Page in this Cafa- logue, in which they are described. The Cajuida Goose (Anas Canadensis). This stately bird measures near four feet in length. It lived some time at Frogmore, and was presented to the Museum by her Majesty. Nortliern Divers (Colymbus Glacialis). Male and female. The largest of the Divers measures three feet and a half in length. It is sometimes shot on our coast. Horned Screamer (Palamedea Cornuta). This extraordinary bird is of the size of a large turkey : from the front of the head rises a sharp honi, 86 about four inches long, and each joint of the wings is furnished with an extremely strong spur, triangular and very sharp ; those on the shoulder being nearly as. large as a man's finger ; they inhabit the fens of South America, and are always found in pairs, feed- ing on seeds and reptiles. The female makes a nest on the ground, of mud, shaped like aa oven, and lays two eggs. White-bellied TSoat-bill (Cancroina Cancrophaga). The bill of this bird, in shape, resembles the bot- tom of a boat with the keel upwards. It is a native of South America ; perches on trees which overhang the water, and darts down on the fish as they swim underneath. The Jabim (Mycteria Americana). This extraordinary bird, when standing erect, is nearly six feet high. It inhabits the marshes of South America, and feeds on fish. It was one of a large collection of the animals of Cayenne, made by order of the French Emperor for enriching the Paris Museum, but which was taken by our crui- zers, and brought as a prize to London : pre- sented to this Museum by Lord Teignmouth. Heron (Ardea Major). These birds in England were formerly ranked as royal game, and protected by the laws. Twenty shillings penalty was levied on those who destroyed them, or their eggs. White Pelican (Pelicanus Onocrotalus). This fine specimen is upwards of five feet long. They are natives of Asia, Africa, and South America; their food is fish, which they catch by meaos.of their long bills. They are sometimes tamed by the Chi- nese for the purpose of fishing : they mafke their nests often in the dry deserts of Africa, and carry water to their young in the large pouch under the bill and throat. 87 Tufted Shag of the Bass. Two of these birds, both females, were shot by their present possessor, on the 9th of May, 1807, on the Bass Island, in the Frith of Forth, where they are believed to breed and remain the whole year; the general appearance, both in size and colour, was nearly- similar to the common Shag, and the number of tail feathers the same ; the most striking difference arises from a singular tuft of forty-six narrow and nearly straight feathers, two inches long, standing close to- gether upright, with a slight bend forward on the front of the forehead, in so remarkable a way as at once to distinguish it from any described species. The origin of the lower mandible, and the naked pouch under the throat, was of a bright yellow, approaching to orange, with small spots of black ; the irides, a, beautiful grass green, and it had no bare space round the eyes ; the ovaries of both specimens contained a number of small eggs, and from the account of the person who takes the young Gannets at the Bass, and who possesses considerable knowledge of the birds that visit it, there can be little doubt of its being a new species, and of its rearing its young in the inacces- sible precipices of that island; and it is somewhat surprising that it should have remained so long unno- ticed in the neighbourhood of so many naturalists and ornithologists as Edinburgh contains; the flesh was eaten, and found to be entirely destitute of that rancid smell and taste that affect the generality of the cor- morant tribe. Barbary Partridges, male and female (Tetrao Ru- fus). Beautifully preserved and placed under a glass shade on an elegant bronze tripod ; presented by her Majesty. 12 88 AMPHIBIOUS ANIMALS. 4 \Tere ev'ry falfrinsr tongue of man, ALMIGHTY FATHER ! silent in thy praise, ' Thy works themselves would raise a general voice; ' Even in the depth of solitary woods, ' By human foot untrod, proclaim thy power." MlLTO5. TORTOISES (TESTUDA). Common Tortoise (Testudo Grseca). This animal is considered as the most common of the European species, and is a native of almost all the countries bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. It lives to a most extraordinary age, instances being adduced of its having considerably exceeded the pe- riod of a century. Geometrical Tortoise (Testudo Geometrica). From its strong and well contrasted colours, and regularity of pattern, the present species is more rea- dily distinguishable at first view than most others of this perplexing tribe. The native country of this beautiful tortoise is perhaps not truly known ; though the shell is more frequently seen in Europe, than of any other kind. Close Tortoise (Testudo Clausa). The Close Tortoise obtains its name from the unu- sual manner in which the under part of the shell is ap- 89 plied to the upper, being continued in such a manner round the margin, that when the animal withdraws its head and legs, it is enabled accurately to close all parts of the shell entirely together, so as to be in a complete state of security ; and so strong is the de- fence (says Shaw, in his Zoology) of this little animal, that it is not only uninjured by having a weight of 5 or SOOttjs. laid upon it, but can walk in its usual manner beneath the load. It is a native of many parts of North America, being chiefly found in marshy places. It is principally sought for on account of its eggs. It feeds on beetles, mice, and even serpents, which it seizes by the middle, and draws into its shell, and thus crushes them to death. Concentric Tortoise (Testudo Concentrica). This species is a native of North America, and is sold in the market of Philadelphia and elsewhere, by the name of Terrapin. It is an inhabitant of waters, and is said to be a wholesome and even delicate food. It is also found in Jamaica, Snap or Snake Tortoise (Testudo Serpentina).. This species, first described by Linnaeus, appears to have been obscurely known. It is a native of North America, where it inhabits stagnant waters, growing to the weight of 15 or 20lbs. and preying on fish, ducklings, &c. Whatever it seizes in its mouth, it holds with great force, and will suffer itself to be rais- ed up by a stick rather than quit its hold. This anU mal conceals itself in muddy waters, in such a man- ner as to leave out only part of its back, like a stone or other inanimate object, by which means it the more easily obtains Us prey. In New York, it is called the Snapping Tortoise. It was kept alive in the Museum upwards of eight months, during which time it never tasted food. It possessed a most amazing strength, carrying 200lt>s, 90 without any apparent inconvenience. Its disposition was exceedingly fierce. Logger-head Turtle (Testudo Caretta). This Turtle exceeds in size every other known spe- cies. It inhabits the same seas with the Green Tur- tle, but is also diffused into very remote latitudes, being often found in the Mediterranean, and about the coasts of Italy and Sicily. In a commercial view, it is of little value ; the flesh being coarse and rank, and the plates of the shell being too thin to be of use. It is a strong, fierce, and even dangerous animal. Several Tortoises unknown. The Indian Tortoise (Testudo Indica). This is the largest known species of the Land Tortoise, the shell being upwards of three feet long, and six feet in circumference. In this specimen the tubercles on the fore part of the shell are wholly wanting. The Fimbriated Tortoise (Testudo Fimbriata). This is one of the larger species, and most extra- ordinary in its appearance: it inhabits the rivers of Cayenne and Guiana. The two last are in the Artificial Wood. LIZARDS (&ACERTA). This Case contains fifty-one species of Lizards, beautifully preserved, and displayed on an artificial 91 rock, so as to exhibit them in their various attitudes, and convey an idea of their haunts and mode of life : the greater part of them being named, we shall only mention those whose history and habits are known, and remarkable. Two specimens of the Flying Dragon (Draco Vo- lans). This very extraordinary species of Lizard is a native of Asia and Africa. " The very name (says ' Dr. Shaw) conveys to the mass of mankind the idea ' of some formidable monster, and recalls to the ima- ' gination the wild fictions of romance and poetry ; ' but the animal, distinguished by that title in mo- ' dern natural history, is a small, harmless Lizard," It is about ten inches long, and furnished with large expansible wing- like membranes, which enable it to spring to a considerable distance in quest of its prey j it has a pouch under the throat of a singular appear- ance, and is altogether different from every other creature. A young Crocodile (Lacerta Crocodilus). This sometimes attains the length of 25 to 30 feet, and is of great swiftness, voracity and strength j roars hideously j and devours men, and other large animals. A Crocodile from the Island of St. Thomas, differ- ing considerably from the common one. The Gungetic Crocodile (Lacerta Gangetica). A very young specimen ; grows to the length of 30 feet. The Alligator (Lacerta Alligator). This animal bears so near a resemblance to the Crocodile, that many naturalists have considered it as a mere variety, rather than a distinct species. Ca- tesby says, the largest and greatest number of Alli- gators inhabit the torid zone. They frequent not only 92 salt rivers near the sea, but streams of fresh water in the upper parts of the country, where they lie lurk- ing among the reeds to surprise cattle and other ani- mals. In Jamaica, and many parts of the Continent, they are found about twenty feet in length. They cannot be more terrible in their aspect than they are formidable and mischievous in their nature, sparing neither man nor beast they can surprise, pulling them down under water to drown them, that they may with greater facility, and without struggle or resistance, devour them. As quadrupeds do not often come in their way, they almost always subsist on fish. This destructive monster can neither swim nor run any way than straight forward, and is consequently disa- bled from turning with that agility requisite to catch his prey by pursuit ; therefore they do it by surprise, in the water as well as by land. The Alligator is sup- posed to be a long-lived animal, and its growth is extremely slow. Dragon Lizard (Lacerta Dracana). It is a native of South America, and measures two feet four inches in length ; it is a harmless animal, and much esteemed as an article of food, though to persons unaccustomed to see it, it presents a formida- ble appearance. The Iguana (Lacerta Iguana). Though the Lizard tribe affords numerous exam- ples of strange and peculiar forms, yet few species are perhaps more eminent in this respect than the Iguana, which grows to a very considerable size, and is often seen the length of from three to five reet. It is a native of many parts of America and the West India Islands, where it inhabits rocky and woody, places, and feeds on insects and vegetables. It is reckoned excellent food, being exceedingly nourish- ing and delicate j but observed to disagree with some 93 constitutions. The common manner of catching it i by casting a noose over its head, and thus drawing it from its situation ; for it seldom makes an effort to escape, but stands looking intently at its discoverer, inflating its throat at the same time in an extraordinary manner. Iguanas are sometimes salted and barrelled up for use in Jamaica and other West India islands, in considerable quantities. It may easily be tamed while young, and in that state is both an innocent and beautiful creature. The larger one in this Case lived some time in the stove of the Liverpool Botanic Garden, but it never was observed to take food. It was easily irritated, at which time it puffed up the pouch under its throat in an extraordinary manner; and on the near approach of dogs, which it seemed to have an aversion to, it suddenly struck them forcibly with its tail, but was never known to bite. . ,& f Several Chamxkons (Lacerta Chamseleon). Few animals have been more celebrated by natu- ral historians than the Chamaeleon, which has been sometimes said to possess the power of changing its colour at pleasure, and of assimilating it to that of any particular object or situation. This, however, must be received with great limitations ; the change of co- lours which this animal exhibits varying in degree, according to circumstances of health, temperature of the weather, and many other causes, and consisting chiefly in a sort of alteration of shades, from the na- tural greenish or bluish grey of the skin into pale yel- lowish, with irregular spots or patches of dull red. The Chamaeleon is a creature of a harmless nature, and supports itself by feeding on insects, for which purpose the structure of the tongue is finely adapted, consisting of a long missile body, furnished with a dilated and somewhat tubular tip, by means of which 9* the animal seizes insects with great ease, darting out its tongue in the manner of a Woodpecker, and re- tracting it instantaneously with the prey secured on its tip. It can also support a long abstinence, and hence arose the idea of its being nourished by air alone. It is found in many parts of the world, and particularly in India and Africa, and also in Spain and Portugal. One that was kept alive in Liverpool, was regularly fed with sugar and bread, and appeared to have an affection for the person who had the care of it. Its change of form was as remarkable as that of colour. LIZARDS (LACERTA), NO. 2. A very fine specimen of the American Iguana; pre- sented to the Museum by Lady Hippesley Cox. The African Iguana. The Monitor Lizard (Lacerta Monitor). The Monitor Lizard is one of the most beautiful of the whole tribe, and is also one of the largest, some- times measuring not less than four or five feet from the nose to the tip of the tail. This elegant animal is found with little variation in South America, New Holland, and Africa, where it frequents woody and watery places ; and if credit may be given to the re- ports of some authors, is of a disposition as gentle as its appearance is beautiful. It has gained the name of Monitor, from its supposed attachment to the hu- man race, and it has been said that it warns mankind of the approach of the Alligator, by a loud and shrill whistle. The GaUii'Mtp (Lacerta Occidua). The Galliwasp is a native of the American Islands, and seems to be particularly common in Jamaica, where it is said to frequent woody and marshy dis- tricts. The Galliwasp (according to Brown, in his Natural History of Jamaica) is reckoned the most ve- nomous reptile in that island, and it is said that no creature can recover from its bite : but this he very properly considers merely a popular error. This ani- mal is not noticed by Linnaus. The Great Boa (Boa Constrictor). By those who are unacquainted with the wonders of nature, the descriptions given by Naturalists of some of the more striking and singular animals are received with a degree of scepticism, or even rejected, as exceeding the bounds ot credibility. Amongst these animals may be numbered the prodigious ser- pents which are sometimes found in India, Africa, and America ; serpents of so great a size as to be able to gorge even some of the largest quadrupeds, and of so enormous a length as to measure upwards of thirty feet. There is reason to believe, that these im- mense serpents are become less common than they were some centuries back ; and, that iu proportion as cultivation and population have increased, the larger species of noxious animal 4 ' have been expelled from the haunts of mankind. They are, however, occasi- onally seen, and sometimes approach the plantations nearest to their residence. It is happy for mankind that these serpents are not poisonous ; they are there- fore to be dreaded only on account of their size and strength, which latter is so great as to enable them to kill cattle, deer, and other animals, by writhing them- selves round them, so as to crush them to death by mere pressure ; after which they swallow them in a very gradual manner ; and when thus gorged with their prey, grow almost torpid with repletion ; and if discovered in this state, may without difficulty be dispatched. These enormous serpents are natives of Africa, India, the Indian Islands, and South America, where they inhabit marshy and woody places. There are several species of the Boa in this collection, one of which is considered by naturalists, in respect to beauty of colour, size, or preservation, to be the finest specimen ever brought into the country; it measures thirty-two feet in length, and two feet seven inches in circumference, and is preserved in the act of destroying a deer, which is crushed, and expiring in the enormous folds of its merciless enemy. SERPENTS (SERPENTES). This Case contains thirty-seven different Serpents, finely prepared, and exhibited in their natural posi- tions, with the English and Linnsean names attached to them. Serpents, No. 2. A young specimen of the Boa Constrictor. Striped Rattle Snake (Crotalus Durissus). The Rattle Snake is the most poisonous of reptiles that inhabit America. The most conspicuous dis- tinction this animal bears from all other of its spe- 97: cies, is the rattle, which makes so loud a noise while the creature is in motion, that its approach may be known, and danger avoided. Many naturalists are of opinion, that this Snake acquires an additional bone to the rattle every year; from the number of which bones, the precise age of the Snake may be known. Catesby, in his History of Carolina, says, " the Rattle Snake is the most inactive and sluggish of animals, and is never the aggressor, except in what he preys upon ; for unless he is disturbed, he ne- ver bites, and when provoked he gives warning by shaking his rattles, so that a person has time to es- cape." It is said that this Snake has the power of charming or fascinating small animals within its reach, which it devours. Squirrels and birds are its principal prey, and no sooner do they spy the Snake than they skip from bough to bough, and approach by degrees nearer to the enemy, regardless of any danger, until they enter the extended jaws that are open to seal their ruin. Bartrum observes, that some Indian nations never kill the Rattle Snake, or any other of the species, alleging as their motive, that it would influence its living kindred to revenge the inju- ry or violence done to it when alive. The flesh of the Rattle Snake is said to be much relished, even by Europeans. Spectacle Snake or Cobra de Capello (Coluber Naja.) The Coluber Naja, or Cobra de Capello, is a na- tive of India, where it appears to be one of the most common, as well as the most noxious of the serpent tribe ; very frequently proving fatal in the space of a few minutes to those who unfortunately experience its bite. 'In India it is exhibited as a shew, and is of course more universally known in that country than almost any other of the race of reptiles. It is carried about in a covered basket, and managed by its proprietors in such a manner, as to assume a dancing motion at the sound of a musical instrument. The Indian jugglers, who thus exhibit the animal, de- prive it of its fangs, by which they are secured from its bite. 99 -.if FISHES. See thro' this air, this ocean, and this earth, AH matter quick, and bursting into birth; Above how high progressive life may go, Around how wide, how deep extend below ! Vast chain of being, which from GOB began, Nature's ethereal, human, angel, man, Beast, bird, fish, insect, what no eye can see, No glass can reach; from infinite to Thee, From Thee to nothing ! ->.,HHI itiiwbah7 /i-b.i ,awia*ra*1 .i.i ,':?!<>? .>'. I..';-' ri'H' . ' " ' ' Coryphene, or Dolphin (Coryphsena Hippuris). The Dolphin is an inhabitant of the Mediterra- nean, Indian, and Atlantic seas, where it often ap- pears in large shoals, and is sometimes observed to follow ships, devouring with avidity any occasional article of food which may happen to be thrown over- board; it will even swallow substances of a different nature : and we are informed, from the authority of Plumier, that in the stomach of one which he exa- mined, were found four iron nails, one of which mea- sured more than five inches. When taken out of the water, the beautiful colours (with which the fish is decorated when living) fade as it expires; the lus- tre vanishing by degrees, till at length it becomes of K2 100 a dull grey colour. This gradual evanescence of colour in the dying Coryphene is contemplated by sailors with as much delight as the Romans are said 1o have exhibited on viewing similar changes in the expiring Mullet, when brought to their tables before the feast began. The Coryphene is a strong and vi- gorous fish, and swims with great rapidity. It is perpetually engaged in the pursuit of smaller fishes, and is considered as one of the most cruel persecutors of the flying fish. The flesh is said to be excellent. Flying Gurnard (Trigla Volitans). This highly singular and beautiful species is a na- tive of the Mediterranean, Atlantic, and Indian seas, where it swims in shoals, and is often seen fly- ing out of the water, in the same manner as the flying fish Exoccelus. In its native element, the colours of this fish are extremely brilliant. It is crimson above, pale, or of a white colour under- neath. The pectoral fins are extremely large, trans- parent, of an olive green, richly varied with nume- rous bright blue spots. The tail is pale violet, with the rays crossed by dusky spots, and strengthened on each side the base by two obliquely transverse bony ribs or bars. Small Saw Fish (Pristis Antiquorum.) The Saw Fish is a species of Shark, growing to the length of fifteen feet or more. It is an inhabitant of the Mediterranean and Northern Seas, and was known to the ancient writers by the name of Pristis. Striped Clixtodon (Chaetodon Striatus). . This fish is a native of the Indian and American Seas. Spurrus Unknown. Porcupine Fish (Diodon Hystrix). In point of habit or external appearance, the re- markable genus Diodon may be said to connect in 101 some degree the tribe of fishes with that of the spiny quadrupeds, such as the porcupines and hedge-hogs ; it is also allied in a similar manner to the Echini, or sea urchins. The Diodon Hystrix, commonly termed the sea porcupine, is said to afford an amusing sight when taken by a line and hook, baited by a species of crab : after seizing the bait, by a sudden spring, on finding itself hooked, it exhibits every appearance of violent rage, inflating its body, and elevating its spines to the highest possible degree, as if endeavour- ing to wound in all directions, till after having tired itself by its vain efforts, it suddenly expels the air from its body, and becomes flaccid for some time : but when drawn towards the shore, it redoubles its rage, and again inflates its body : in this state it is left on the sand: it being impossible to touch it, without danger, till it is dead. It is a native of the Indian and Ame- rican Seas, and is considered as a course fish, but is sometimes eaten by the Inhabitants of the West In- dian Islands. Lophius. Unknown. Torpedo Jfoy(Raja Torpedo.) The Torpedo has been celebrated both by ancients and moderns, for its wonderful faculty of causing a numbness or painful sensation in the limbs of those who touch or handle it. The shock or sensation given by this Ray is attended with all the effects of that produced by the electrical machine, so far as experiment has hithirto enabled us to discover. Al- though this fish does not appear to be furnished with any striking exterior qualities ; although it has no muscles formed for great exertions, nor any internal conformation differing from the Ray kind; yet such are the wonderful powers it possesses, that i n an in- stant it can paralyse the hand or body k that touches it, and cause for a while a total supension of the mental K3 102 faculties. Reaumer has by several experiments at- tempted to demonstrate, that it is not necessarily, but by a voluntary effort, that the Torpedo benumbs the hand that touches it. On every trial he could readily perceive when it intended to give the stroke, and when it was about to continue inoffensive. In pre- paring to give the shock, it flattened its back, raised its head and tail, and then, by a violent contraction in the opposite direction, struck with its back against the finger that touched it; and its body, which before \vas flat, became round and lumped. It is said, that the negroes can handle the Torpedo without being affected; and we are told the whole secret of securing tlnjmselves from its effects consists in keeping respi- ration suspended at the time. The electrical power, however, is known to terminate with the life of the animal, and when dead, it is handled or eaten with perfect safety. It is an inhabitant of the Northern, European, and the Mediterranean Seas. Sea Horse (Syngathus Hippocampus). The Hippocampus is a fish of a highly singular appearance. In its dry or contracted state, this ani- inal exhibits the fancied resemblance from which it takes its name; but in the living fish, this appear- ance is somewhat less striking, the head and tail being carried nearly straight. It is a natire of the Mediter- ranean, Northern, and Atlantic Seas. A finer spe- cimen of this species of Pipe-fish is in another place, under a glass; and one of a more curious form, the Foliated Pipe-fish. Five-rayed Star-fish (Asterias Lavigata). Carved wisterias (Asterias Toreuma). It is a native of the Indian Seas, and is found of various sizes, from an inch to six inches in diameter. 103 Enormous Crab's Claw, measuring in the broadest part upwards of ten inches in circumference. PISH. Long-finned Chaiodon (Cheetodon Teira.) This curious fish is a native of the Indian and Ara- bian Seas, and is said to arrive at a considerable size. Harlequin Angler (Lophius Histrio). This species is a native of the Indian and Ameri- can Seas, growing to the length of ten or twelve inches, and in manners resembles the European An- gler. Monsieur Renard, in his History of Fishes, af- firms, that he knew an instance of an individual of this species kept for three days out of water,- and which walked about the house in the manner of a dog. Young Frog-fish, or Angler (Lophius Europaeus). The Frog-fish is remarkable for its uncouth ap- pearance. The one under consideration is an inha- bitant of the European Seas, where it sometimes arrives at a great size. It is observed to frequent shallow parts of the sea, lying in ambush, covered with weeds and mud, in such a manner that the smal- ler fishes, deceived by its tentacula, or long processes on the head, by their resemblance to worms, on at- tempting to seize them become a prey to the Lophius. Beaked Angler, or Bat- fish (Lophius Rostratus). A native of South America, and preys upon small fishes and worms. Remora, or Sucking-fish (Echeneis Remora). This fish has the power of adhering to whatever fi 104- sticks against, in the same manner as a cupping glass adheres to the human body. It is by such an appa- ratus that this fish sticks to the body of a shark, drains away its moisture, and produces a gradual decay. It is found principally in the Mediterranean and Atlan- tic seas, where it grows to the length of about eighteen inches. The Bony Scaled Pike (Esox Osetu). This is a fish of considerable size, and of very remarkable appearance, being covered with strong bony scales, disposed in long oblique rows, which give it the appearance of being carved out of a solid piece of ivory. It is a native of the fresh water lakes and rivers of America, and the flesh is considered as excellent. Lump Sucker (Cyclopterus Lumpus). Pavanian Sucker (Cyclopterus Pavoninus.) This beautiful fish was caught in the river Mersey, near Liverpool. Armed Loricaiia (Loricaria Catafracta). Found in the American Seas. Yellow Loricaria (Loricaria Flava). PISH. Slender Fistularia, or Trumpet-fish (Fistularia Ta- bacaria). This very remarkable fish is a native of the American Seas, and subsists en the smaller fishes^ sea-insects, and worms. 105 Oceanic Flying-fish (Exocatus Evolans). The fishes of this genus, which are few in number, are remarkable for the extreme length and size of their pectoral fins, by which they are enabled to spring from the water, and support a kind of tem- porary flight or continued motion through the air, to the distance of 2 or 300 feet ; when the fins become dry, they are obliged to commit themselves to their own element. The fish here described is an inha- bitant of the American and Indian Seas, but is occa'- sionally observed in the Mediterranean. Pennant records an instance of its being, seen about the British coasts. The celebrated Bonnet considered this spe- cies of fish as forming a kind of connecting link be- tween fishes and birds, similar to that which bats may be supposed to form between birds and quadrupeds. Lasher Bullltead (Cottus Scorpius). This fish is an inhabitant of the Mediterranean and Northern Seas; it is said to be plentiful about the coast of Greenland, where it is esteemed good food. It is a strong fish, swimming with rapidity, and preying on smaller fishes. It is said to live a consi- derable time out of the water, having a power of closing the gill covers in such a manner as to exclude the effect of the atmospheric air. When caught, if held in the hand, it exerts a strong and peculiar sound by the expulsion of air through its mouth ; during this action the mouth is opened to the utmost width, the pectoral fins are strongly expanded, and the whole body is agitated by a vibrating or tremu- lous motion. Hare-mouth Globe- Fish (Tetrodon Lagocephalus). This genus, like the Diodon, has the power of in- flating its body at pleasure. It is an inhabitant of 106 the Indian and American Seas, but occasionally strays into the northern latitudes, and has been taken, ac- cording to Pennant, about the British coasts, viz. near Penzance in Cornwall. Round Diodon, Sea Hedge-Hog (Diodon Orbicu- laris.) Lamprey ( Petremy zon Marin us . ) This fish has long held its place at the tables of the luxurious, having always formed a part of splen- ded feasts of our ancient nobility ; and King Henry I. lost his life by too great an indulgence in this his fa- vourite dish. In the early part of the year they are met with in great numbers in the river Severn, when they are in large quantities potted, and sent to Lon- don. **- The Hammer -headed Shark (Squalus Zygaena.) This is a very voracious and deformed animal, and differs from that of any other known creature ; they sometimes attain the length of fifteen feet, and ar^ natives of the Mediterranean and Indian Seas- Angel Fish or Shark (Squalis Squatina.) J:H. - ; i.' -;! {yicrrw gn^i . -K{T?ff:j IRI& <-:: *i0^ > aw /: 4#-M*M MARINE PRODUCTIONS. H r mi h. , ,9(j :J 7i Gradual, from these what numerous kinds descend Evading e'en the microscopic eye ! Full Nature swarms with life ; one wond'rous mass Of animals, or atoms organized, Waiting the vital breath, when Parent Heav'n Shall bid his spirit blow. THOMSON. This pair of Cases contain a rich and numerous as- semblage of the inhabitants of the marine world, dis- posed in such a manner as they may be supposed to exist in the bottom of their native element : they con- sist of Shells, Corals, Corallines, Madrepores, Gorgo- nias, Sponges, &c. &c. to describe which accurately would require the pen of an Ellis or a Solander, and would far exceed the limits of this little pub- lication. We shall merely observe, that till lately the principal parts of the contents of these Cases were considered as Marine Vegetables, growing from the bottom of the ocean ; but the observation of later na- turalists have decidedly proved them to be the fabri- cation of different minute animals, which however insignificant they may appear to the unobserving part of mankind, are, from their immense, their incon- ceivable number, of more consequence than generally supposed : it is to the accumulated myriads of them that we owe part of the island on which we live ; our hills are in many places full of them, and some rocks are entirely of their formation. New Islands * 115 have been formed within the memory of many now living; and many seas are becoming every, year more difficult to navigate, being almost choaked up by the habitations of animals almost too small for human perception. About 200 specimens of various kinds have their names on them, to enumerate which would add unnecessarily to the bulk of this little volume, without conveying more information to the visitor, than will be found on the article itself. In the Upper Case is the finest specimen of the Wentktrap, from Amboyna, ever known ; it was pur- chased from the collection of Mr. Webber, of Black- heath, who once refused 5001. for it. --. i'* A very large Bell Glass, containing about 120 species of Crabs and other Marine Animals, dispos- ed in an appropriate manner on Corals, &c. Disposed under a number of large Glass Shades, placed on Bronze Tripods, is a beautiful collection of Shells, Corals, and other Marine Productions; consisting of about 300 specimens, all named ; among which are several species of the Argonauta, or Nautilus, from which man has been supposed to have taken the first idea of sailing. Pope, in his Essay on Man, alludes to it x where he says- g^ ; y .,i .paH ,11 " Learn of the little Nautilus to sail ; " Spread the thin oar, and catch the driving gale." 116 Pliny describes it thus: " But amongst the princi- pal miracles of nature is the animal called Pompilos or Nautilus : it ascends to the surface of the sea in a supine posture, and gradually raising itself up, forces, by means of its tube, all the water from th* shell, in order that it may swim the more readily ; then throwing back the two foremost arms, displays between them a membrane of wonderful tenuity, which acts as a sail, while with the remaining arms it rows itself along, the tail in the middle acting as an helm to direct its course ; and thus pursues its voyage like a little ship, till alarmed by any ap- pearance of danger, when it takes in the water, and descends/' The small Bell Glass, No. 4, contains several ar- ticles which were once the property of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus ; a specimen of whose writing is likewise inclosed. Presented by Dr. Smith, Pre- sident of the Linnsean Society. Bell Glass, No. 6. MINERALS. Beautiful Group of Ctirystals, of extraordinary size, from the mines of Dauphiny : presented by Thomas Allan, Esq. of Edinburgh. Pipe. Chalcedony, from Iceland. A large specimen of Opal in the Matrix. 117 Three Opals, polished. Native Gold on Quartz, from Transylvania. Native Gold, from the Wtcklow Mountain in Ire- iaud. Oriental Cat's Eye. Aqua Marine or Beryl, polished. Flour Spar, from Derbyshire. Group of Amethyst Chrystals, from Hungary. Sulphurets of Arsenic. Beautiful Pearl Spar, with snow-like appearance, from Transylvania. Pearl Spar, Chrystalized, from Hungary. Fine specimen of Chrystalized Iron Ore, with an Iridescent surface, from the Isle of Elbe, on the coast of Tuscany. Splendid Iron Ore, from Hungary. Bubbled Malachites, Carbonate of Copper, witk Mountain Blue, from Siberia. Native Copper, from Cornwall. Copper Ore, from ditto. Model of the Pigot Diamond, valued at 35,0001. Variety of Chrystals, from Buenos Ayres; con- taining Silver-like appearances, and other extrane- ous matter. 118 ARTIFICIAL FOREST. The center of the Apartment, which is 40 feet high, is fitted up with Artificial Trees, copied from nature so as to represent the interior of a Tropical Forest, in appropriate situations of which are placed the larger Quadrupeds, Birds, and Reptiles. The first thing that in general strikes the attention- of the visitor to this Museum, on their entrance, is the Ca- melopardalis, or Giraffe, ( ' Cfimelopardalis Girqffa) which is by far the tallest of all known quadrupeds, measuring the extraordinary height of seventeen feet three inches from the hoof of the fore foot to the top of the head, whilst (so disproportionate is its form) that the body scarcely exceeds that of a horse. Till lately the existence of so wonderful an animal was doubted by many European Naturalists, who ranked it amongst the fabulous monsters of antiquity. This specimen was lately killed at a considerable distance, in the interior of the Cape of Good Hope, by the Rev. Mr. Edwards, an African missionary, now travelling in that country, under the patronage of Lord Caledon, the Governor of the Cape. It is represented as a harmless, timid animal, living in small herds of six or seven together, in the plains that border on Caffraria: they are so extremely 119 shy and wary, that it is with the greatest difficulty they can be approached : they feed on the fruit of the wild apricot, and on the tender branches of several species of Mimosa. This specimen, which is a full grown male, and very rich in colour, is allowed to be the finest ever brought to Europe, and is in the most perfect preservation. At the upper end of the Wood, facing the entrance, is displayed on a large Tree, a specimen of that immense Serpent the Boa Constrictor (see p. 54-.) measuring 22 feet in length, in the act of preparing to seize the Wood Ba- boon, (Simia Siltatica) which is represented so petri- fied with fear as to be incapable of sufficient exer- tion to escape the extended jaws of its powerful adversary. .Under the above is the huge Rhino- ceros (Rhinocerous Unicornis) which, next to the Elephant, may be considered as one of the most powerful of animals; in strength indeed he is in- terior -to none, and his bulk (says Bontius) equals the elephant, but is lower only on account of the shortness of his legs. The length of the Rhino- ceros from head to tail is usually twelve feet; and the circumference of the body nearly equals that length. Its nose is armed with so hard and formi- dable a horn, that the Tiger will rather attack the Elephant, whose proboscis he can lay hold of, than the Rhinoceros, which he cannot face without danger of having his bowels torn out by the defensive weapon of his adversary. The body and limbs of the Rhinoceros are covered with a. skin so hard and impenetrable, that he fears neither the claws of the Tiger, nor the trunk of the Elephant. It is said to turn the edge of a scymeter, and to resist even the force of a musket-ball. The upper lip of the Rhi- noceros is capable of great extension, and is so plia- ble, that the animal can move it from side to side, twist it round a stick, collect its food, or soize with 120 it any thing it would carry to its mouth. The Rhinoceros, without being ferocious, or carniverous, is totally untractable and rnde v It seems at times to be subject to paroxysms of fry. The one which the King of Portugal sent to the Pope, in the year 1513, destroyed the vessel which transported it. Like the hog, the Rhinoceros wallows in the mire, is a soli- tary animal, and delights to rove near the banks of rivers. It is found in Bengal, Siam, China, and other countries of the East, where it feeds on the grossest herbs, preferring thistles and shrubs to the finest of pasturage. The female produces but one at a time, which during the first month exceeds not the size of a large dog : at the age of two years, the horn is not more than an inch long ; at six years old, it is 10 inches long; and grows to the length of three feet. From the peculiar construction of his eyes, the Rhinoceros can only see what is immediately before him. When he pursues any object, he proceeds al- ways in a direct line, overturning every thing in his way. His sense of smelling is so acute, that his pursuers are obliged to avoid being to windward of him. They follow him at a distance, and watch till he lies down to sleep. They then approach and dis- charge their muskets into the lower part of his belly. On the left of this, issuing from a Den, is seen the Panther, which is an untameable animal, and next in size to the tiger. It inhabits Africa, Barbary, the remotest parts of Guinea, and the interior of South America ; is extremely fierce, and attacks every living creature without distinction, but happily prefers the flesh of brutes to that of mankind. The ancients were well acquainted with these ani- mals. The Romans drew prodigious numbers from Africa, for their public shows. Srarvis exhibited 121 150 of them at one time; Pompey 410; and Au- gustus 420. They probably thinned the coast of Mauritania of these animals; but they still swarm in the southern parts of Guinea. The skin of the Panther was presented by Mr. Polito. Near the foot of the Rhinoceros is the Persian Lynx (Felis Caracal) an inhabitant of Persia, India, and Africa; it is an animal of much ferocity, al- though capable of being sometimes so far tamed as to be used for the purpose of taking game. In front of the Rhinoceros lies a species of the St. Domingo Crocodile ; and close to the Bamboo-rail on the right side of the room, is the American Aligator, 12 feet long (see p. 51); near this, under the American Aloe in blossom, is perhaps the largest specimen of the Land Tortoise ever brought to this country, the shell alone measuring 3 feet 2 inches in length, and near six feet in circumference ; it is the Testuda Indica of Linnyeus : opposite the head of this is the Emeu of New Holland (Struthio Nora Hohmdix, see p. 48) ; this stupendous bird, equalled in size only by the African Ostrich, was lately living in the valuable and extensive Menagerie of Mr. S. Polito : near this is the Arctic, or White Fox (Canis Lago- pus) ; it is an inhabitant of the Northern parts of America, and in winter is perfectly white ; between this and the rail on the left side is the Capibara (Ca- via Capibara) ; it is the largest of the Cavias, and the only one known to have been brought to this country ; it lived two years in the possession of Mr.Kendrick, of Piccadilly ; it was extremely gentle, and fed on vegetables, though in a state of nature they are said to dive and catch fish with great dexterity : a singularity in the animal which has not been noticed by writers is, that on the outside of each hind foot, it has a large horny projection four M 122 inches long and two broad, probably intended to assist it in swimming. Nearer the door, on the same side, is the Zebra (Equtis Zebra). This extremely beautiful animal is a native of the hotter parts of Africa, and is fre- quently seen in herds in the neighbourhood of the Cape of Good Hope ; they are however so extremely wild and cautious as rarely to be taken, and are of a disposition so vicious and untameable as seldom to submit to the bridle, even when taken quite young, In size the Zebra is superior to the Ass ; in its form it is much more elegant : the ground colour is white, or cream colour, and the whole animal is decorated with very numerous black or dark brown stripes, dis- posed with the utmost symmetry in a manner not easy to be described. To the right of this is the Three-toed Ostrich of America (Sirutkfo Rhea); this Bird, which till lately was very little known to European Naturalists, is a native of South America, and attains the height of a man ; the one in this Collection was brought alive, and its food and manner was similar to the com- mon or African Ostrich. Near this is the Cassowary (Struthio Casuarius.) This singular bird is about 5 feet high, and is remarkable for the covering of its body, resembling coarse black hair more than feathers; its head is armed with a strong bony projection like a hel- met. It is a native of Java, and totally incapable of flight. On the right hand side of the entrance, is a fine specimen of the Elephant (Elephas Maximus.) This stupendous animal lived for many years in Exeter 'Change, and was remarkable for it/docility 123 and obedience to its keeper. For a further description of this identical animal, see " Wonders of Animated Nature/' just published, p. 111. Near the side of this is the Cape Ant Eater (Myrmecophaga Capensis). This is the largest of the species, weighing near one hundred pounds, and attaining the size of a common hog. They are said to prey by night, and to burrow in the ground. Presented by Lieut. Gen. Davies, to whose exertions and accurate drawings of Natural History, the public are indebted for the knowledge of many curious animals, before un- known. Facing the entrance is a fine Lion (Felis Leo), which lived a number of years in Exeter 'Change. At the left hand corner on the entrance is the White or Greenland Bear (Ursus Maritimus.) This is a far larger species than the common Bear, and is said to have been sometimes found of the length of twelve feet. The head and neck are of a more lengthened form than in the common Bear, and the body itself is longer in proportion. The whole ani- mal is white, the ears are round and small; the eyes little, and the teeth of extraordinary magnitude : the hair is 'of great length, and the limbs are ex- tremely large and strong. It seems confined to the coldest part of the globe ; being found within eighty degrees of north latitude, as far as any navigators have yet penetrated. The shores of Hudson's Bay, Greenland, and Spitsbergen, are its principal places of residence ; but it is said to be carried sometimes on the floating ice as far south as Newfoundland. The Polar Bear is an animal of tremendous strength and fierceness. Barentz, in his voyage in search of a North-east passage to China, had proofs of the ferocity M 2 124 ef these animals, in the island of Nova Zembla, where they attacked the seamen, seizing them in their mouths, carrying them off with the greatest ease, and devouring them in the sight of their com- rades. It is said that they sometimes will attempt to board armed vessels at a distance from shore, and have been repelled with difficulty. Presented by S. Stani- forth, Esq. of Liverpool. In the front are a pair of those remarkable animals, the Kangaroo (Didelphis Gigantea.) Of all the animals which the vast island, or ra- ther continent of Australasia has presented to our view, the Kangaroo must be considered as one of the most extraordinary j its size, general conformation, teeth, and other particulars, conspiring to ren- der it a most interesting object to every naturalist. The first discovery of this remarkable quadruped was in the year 1 77O, when Capt. Cook was stationed on the coast of New Holland. It is the only quadruped our colonists have yet met with in New South Wales that supplies them with animal food. There are two kinds; the largest that has been shot weighed about 140tbs. and measured from the point of the nose to the end of the tail 6 feet 1 inch; the tail 2 feet 1 inch ; head 8 inches ; fore leg 1 foot ; hind legs 2 feet 8 inches ; circumference of the fore part of the body near the leg 1 foot 1 inch ; and of the hind part 3 feet. The smaller kind seldom exceeds 60!t>s. This animal is furnished with a pouch similar to that of the Opossum, in which its young are nursed and sheltered. It feeds on grass and other vegetable substances. In their native state these ani- mals are said to feed in herds of thirty or forty toge- ther ; and on is generally observed to be stationed as if apparently on the watch, at a distance from the rest. One of the most remarkable peculiarities of 135 the Kangaroo is the extraordinary faculty which it possesses of separating at pleasure, to a considerable distance, the two fore teeth in the lower jaw. The Kangaroo may be considered in some degree as natu- ralized in England, several having been kept for many years in the Royal domains at Richmond, which have during their residence there produced young, and promise to render this most elegant animal a permanent acquisition to our country. In the right hand corner is the Black Swan (Anas Atrata) of New Holland, from whence they are fre- quently brought alive. Close to the rail, at the entrance, is a pair of those immense Shells, the Chama Gigas of Linnaeus. They are the largest of all known shell fish, being 3 feet across, and weighing upwards of 300fb. This is the Cockle mentioned by voyagers as capable of dining a whole ship's company. The fish is said to weigh 4-Otb. It is black, but not ill-tasted, and is gene- rally cut into steaks and broiled. The various Trees have their names on them* ,JfJ5.'/;:ih! b' >,(1' ;, hill") /.'' MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. . Numerous, extraordinary, and stupendous remains f non-descript animals, found in the vicinity of the rivers Ohio, Wabash, Illinois, Mississippi, Osage, Missouri, &c. brought to England by a gentleman who passed several years on a mineralogical tour in unfrequented parts of North-America. They consist of different parts of animals, such as heads, vertebrae, ribs, grinders, and horns ; among which, the most Worthy of remark is the foot of a clawed animal of the ferce order, or tiger species. This paw, clothed with, flesh, skin, and hair, filled with muscles, flex- ors, and cartilages, must, when dilated on its prey, have covered a space of ground four feet by three. Did the animal to whom it appertained partake of 'a strength of body proportionate to the size of this foot, and at the same time add the agility and fero- city of the tiger to his unequalled magnitude, he must have been the terror of the forest, and of mankind. That such an animal did exist, this specimen is a sufficient proof; nor did it alone inhabit America, for we have reason to believe that an animal, similar in some respects to the above, once had possession of our island ; for various remains of non-descript ani- mals have been frequently dug up of late in different eounties. The thigh-bone marked A. which is 127 nearly four feet in length, was found in digging the Ellesmere Canal, in the year 1803, near the village of Wrenbury, in Cheshire. B. is one toe of the clawed foot. C. several joints of the tail, which must in the living animal, have been as thick as an ordina- ry oak tree. D. one of the vertebree of the back; the passage for the spinal marrow is so large, that a man's arm may with ease pass through it. E. is a section of a spiral tusk, thirteen feet in length. F. a carnivorous grinder, nine pounds weight, being one hundred and forty-four times as heavy as that of a horse. G. a large grinder of another species of these stupendous non-descripts, evidently an herbi- vorous animal. On the subject however of these In- cognita, but a few words are necessary : they have been on the whole the surprise of the enlightened naturalist, and the admiration of the classical scho- lar ; we therefore refer those, who wish to be more particularly informed respecting these remains, to a pamphlet, entitled " Memoirs of Mammoth, and other extraordijuuy and stupendous bones," written by the gentleman who brought them to England, and sold them to the Proprietor of this Museum. It may be had at the Rooms, price Is. 6d. A glass cover near the bones, contains a very interesting article to the Naturalist, as it tends to throw some light on an obscurity which envelopes these objects. It is a portion of the different kind of hair of a species of Mammoth recently found entire, and brought to St. Petersburg, by Mr. Mi- chael Adams, who has published a particular account of it, of which the following is an extract. " In the summer of the year 1799, during their annual excursions, a chief of the Tourgouses discovered on the shore of the frozen sea, near the mouth of the river Lenna, an entire Mammoth, enclosed 128 in a rock of ice, which rendered it impossible to be got at, till about five years afterwards, when during a warm summer, the ice became so much dissolved, that the huge carcass fell out, and slid down about a hundred paces from its bed ; when the Tourgueses cut off the ivory tusks (the only part considered of value by them) and left it a prey to the white Bears, Gluttons, Wolves, and Foxes. It was near two years afterwards, that, by a fortunate cir- cumstance, Mr. Adams heard of it, went imme- diately to the spot, and rescued the compleat skeleton and part of the skin, which he trans- ported by land to St. Petersburg, (a distance of 7500 miles) where it is now set up in the Imperial Academy. A rude drawing made of it when perfect, represents it as having an appearance, something between a Pig and an Elephant; having pointed ears and a long bristly mane, along the whole back ; it was about 15 feet in length, and 10 high, the bones of the head (without the tusks) weighed 460fbs. Upon the whole, there can be little doubt but it was the species of Northern Elephant now extinct, the bones of which are found both in America and Europe ; large quantities having been lately discovered in several parts of England." Sir Joseph Banks received a piece of skin and portions of hair, similar to what is in this collection, as a present from Mr. Adams, which is now in the Surgeon's Hall, Lincolns-Inn-Fields. Glass Case, containing an Egyptian Mummy. The ancient methods observed by the Egyptians in embalming human bodies, according to Herodotus, were performed after this manner : " There were cer- 129 rf tain persons appointed for the business, who had " three prices according to the workmanship. In " the most esteemed method of embalming, theyex- " traded the brains by the nose with a crooked " iron, and then poured in drugs; afterwards, they " opened the body, took out the bowels, washed the " inside with palm wine, and having nibbed into- it pounded perfumes, filled the cavity with myrrh, cassia, and other spices, and then sewed it up. After this they washed the body with nitre, and let it lie seventy days ; and having washed it again, bound it up in folds of linen, besmearing it over with gums, which the Egyptians used instead of glue. The relations then took home the body, and enclosing it in the wooden figure of a man, placed it in the catacombs. Another method of embalming, was injecting turpentine of cedar with a pipe into the body, without cutting it; they then salted it for seventy days, and afterwards drew out the pipe, which brought along with it the intestines. The nitre dried up the flesh, leav- ing nothing but skin and bones. The third way was only by cleansing the inside with salt and water, and salting it for seventy days." From what Diodorus observes, one would imagine that there was a way of preserving the bodies much su- perior to either of the former; for he says, their eye-brows and eye-lashes, with the form and ap- pearance of the whole body were so well preserved, that they might be known by their features;, whence many of the Egyptians kept the bodies of their an- cestors in houses adorned at a great expense ; and had the pleasure to see their forefathers for many ge- nerations back, and to observe all their features as well as if they were living. It does not however appear that any bodies were ever discovered em- balmed in this manner. The Mummy in this collection was brought from Egypt by the French, and taken from them by an English privateer, and was remarkable for contain- ing only the head, and part of the thigh and leg bones, which were enveloped in folds of fine linen, nearly three inches thick. The linen in some parts was as white and perfect as when first done, and on the legs there was some of the flesh still remaining, although, from a moderate calculation, it must have been embalmed upwards of two thousand years. The Hand of a Lady, with the Blood-vessels finely injected, to shew the situation of the veins, &c. Presented by Allan Burn, Esq, Lecturer of Ana- tomy, Glasgow. ' A Mummy of the White Ibis. The White Ibis, though now unknown to the Egyptians, was for- merly worshipped by them as a deity, in conse- quence of the great service it did them in destroy- ing the vast quantities of serpents and reptiles with which that country was infested. The veneration for them extended even after their death ; for when- ever the body of a dead Ibis could be found, it was carefully embalmed after the manner of the mum- mies. Mr. Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller, mentions his having opened several of them, in which the bones, and even some feathers were entire. Buffon says, " he received several of these mummies from the bird pits in the plains of Saccara ; that the shape of all of them was a sort of doll, formed by the bandages which incased the bird ; of which the greater part fell into black dust when the li- gatures were removed." They are generally pre- 131 served in earthen jars, with the cover cemented down; but sometimes, as is the case in this, put into a kind of coffin made of sycamore, the covers of which were decorated with hieroglyphics, which are yet visible in the one in this Museum. A Mummy of the Ibis, opened to shew its con- tents. Hasselquist, and other naturalists and travellers, who have visited the catacombs of Egypt, say that the Mummies of the Ibis contain in general little but black dust, which is believed to be the remains of the bird: but that they were informed that sometimes, though very rarely, the bones and feathers < 3 found in them : this i.>> the case with the one in ;.iis Vluseum ; the cloth in which it was wrapped, the bill, iones, and feathers, are still entire. This very inte- resting and carious article was added to this collection jy the liberality of Jacob Wilkinson, Esq. of Bath, whose brother, C. Wilkinson, Esq. of Clapharn, wrought it from Egypt. What are our boasted mo- numents of antiquity ? the dates of our churches and cathedrals (though crumbled and crumbling iuto dust) are but as yesterday when compared with the age of a few perishable feathers, which had existence on the banks of the Nile perhaps two thousand years before the foundation stone of the first of them was laid. What a field for reflection does the contemplation of this article open to our view. " Son of to-day, thy daring hopes are vain, " That aught of thec my lengtheaed date shall gain." A Mummy of the Ibis, in its original envelope, as taken from the eai them vessel, the Hnen cloth, for 132 the manufacture of which the ancient Egyptians we're celebrated, regaining entire. Presented by the Bi- shop of Durham. r ,v :. '.! " '. Large Horn of the American Stag ; presented by Capt. Mars, of America. Elephants Head and Grinders; presented by Sa- muel Staniforth, Esq. Liverpool. The Head of the Gnu (Antelope Gnu), finely pre- served. The Skull of the Babyroussa, or Indian Hog. The most distinguishing characteristic of this animal con- sists in four large tusks, the two stoutest of which proceed, like those of the wild boar, from the under jaw, pointing upwards; the two others rise up like .horns on the outside of the upper jaw, just above the nose, and extend in a curve above the eyes almost touching the forehead, and are about seven inches long. The use this animal makes of these tusks is in sleeping ; which they do, as is said, by hooking them on the branches of trees. The Babyroussa is found in several of the islands of the East Indies. The Horn of the Ibex. Egg and Thigh-bone of an Ostrich. Three Noses of the Saw Fish. The largest of these is three feet seven inches long, eight inches broad at the base, and four at the point; it is armed at the sides with thirty -eight strong teeth, about an inch and a half long, and two inches from each other. The Jaws of an enormous SJtark, which measures six feet six inches in circumference. 133 The Fossil Tooth of a Shark, nearly four times as large as those in the above jaws. The Cavity of a Whale's ear. The Horn of the Narwhal, or Sea Unicorn, 9 feet 6 inches long, of the most beautiful Ivory, finely wreathed. The Jaws of a Porpoise. Skull of the Walrus. Glass Case, containing four different Beaks and Heads of the Calao, or Horn-bill Bird ; remarkable for the singular appendages on the upper mandi- bles. No. 1. Helmet Hornbill. No. 2. Pied Hornbill. No. 3. Rhinoceros Hornbill. No. 4. Philippa Horn- bill. Wasp's Nest, from South America, on the branch of an oak, on which it was formed. The hole in the side is cut to shew the structure of the combs. The entrance to it is at the bottom, and is contrived in such a manner that no rain can enter. Skeleton of an Ostrich Skeletons of Birds, viz. the Creeper, Snipe, Oyster Catcher, Lark, Starling, Green Linnet, Fieldfare, and Moor Game. 134 THE ARMOURY. " Charm'd with the sight, the aitlent breast is fir v d " With thoughts like those which ancient bards insp'ur'd." Tms department of the Museum is fitted up in an appropriate and elegant manner, representing the interior of the halls of our ancient nobility. The armour and various implements of war displayed in trophies, or on figures placed under Gothic canopies, forcibly call to our minds the times of chi- valry, and the days when our ancestors, by their deeds in arms, carried victory and conquest to every part of the world, and were " single handed'' able to reduce that country to a state of vassalage that now threatens the independence of every government on the continent. Amongst this collection of antiquities the Armour is what attracts the attention of every visitor : here an ample field will be open for medi- tation : the form, make, and materials of these war- suits will be a source of admiration and surprise : and when a thought is cast on the warriors, whose strength enabled them to bear such a weight of me- tal, and at the same time were capable of exerting themselves, performing under it every exploit ; enduring every toil of war ; he will feel himself as the offspring of a dwindled race of mankind. The Figure on the Horse is dressed in Hauberk, or ancient suit of mail, such as worn in the army of William the Conqueror, when he invaded this coun- try. It is composed of small rings of iron, which, 135 passing through four others, are riveted together in such a manner as not to prevent any motion of the body. Besides their ordinary clothes, the knights wore under their Hauberk a loose garment, called Gambeson, which descended as low as the knee ; it was stufted with woollen or cotton, and quilted ; its use was to deaden the stroke of a sword or lance, which, though it did not divide the mail, might se- verely bruise the body. Between the Hauberk and Gambeson a breast-plate of iron, called a Plastron, was occasionally put on ; and over all, men of family wore surcoats of Satin, velvet, or cloth of gold and silver, richly embroidered with their armorial bear- ings. Thus enveloped, and loaded with such a num- ber of weighty incumbrances, it is by no means won- derful that in the midst of summer, in the heat, dust, and press of an engagement, men at arms should be suffocated in their armour ; au event which we learn from history often happened. Besides the inconve- nience of being thus swathed up like an Egyptian mummy, a man could have but little power of action, and this in some measure accounts for the small number of knights slain in an engagement with cavalry only : probably as ransom was so great an object in those days, they rather wished to capture than kill their enemies, aud for that purpose endea- voured to unhorse them ; for when overturned, they were immoveable, and lay on the spot till remounted by their friends, or overtaken by their enemies. This venerable relic of antiquity came originally from the Castle of Tong, in Shropshire, and was presented by the Rev. Mr. Buckridge to the Museum of the late Richard Green, Esq. of Lich- field, from whence it was purchased by the present proprietor. It is presumed that this Hauberk is the only perfect one of the kind remaining in England, N2 as there is not a specimen exhibited cither at the Tower or British Museum. In the Treatise on Ancient Armour, written by the late Francis Grose, Esq. F. A. S. a description is given of this identical Suit of Mail, in vol. 2. page 9. plate 21. This figure is mounted on a fine Hore, which is likewise covered by a suit of ancient Armour, composed of several thousand plates of steel and brass, firmly united by riveted iron rings, of the same construction as the Hauberk, along with which it is supposed to have been worn. This kind of horse armour is be- lieved not to have been common, even at the time when it was in use, as not a single specimen except the present has reached us, nor has a correct repre- sentation of it been published. On this account it must be highly interesting to those who are fond of examining such relics of antiquity. The Figure on the left hand is dressed in a complete suit of Pikeman's Armour, worn by the arquebusiers and musketeers, at the first introduction of fire-arms. - It is in fine preservation, and be- longed to an officer who probably used it at the memorable siege of Latham House, as it was preserved at Cross Hall, in that neighbourhood, a considerable number of years. It was presented to the Museum by Col. Stanley, M. P. the present proprietor of Cross Hall. On the right hand is the Figure of a Knight, in a suit of bright Steel Armour, of the time of Queen Elizabeth : this is called Plate Armour, and is of more modern date than the mail, as it came into ge- neral use about the middle of the fourteenth century. At its first introduction it was made of prodigious strength and thickness, and was fitted to every part of the body so close, that it was impossible to pierce it with a lance. 137 Above the figure on horseback, is a suit of Mame- luke drmovr and Accoutrements, consisting of a Coat of Mail, and Helmet : a Shield made of the skin of a Rhinoceros ; an elegant and curious Gun, and a magnificent Sabre and Battle Axe. The Coat of Mail is made nearly in the same manner as the Hauberk, only the work is more beautiful : the col- lar is of crimson velvet, on which in gold studs is written in Persian the following characters: "Alt Fatima Husain Alia Mohammed" On the breast is a Talisman, or Charm, to preserve the wearer's life. The stock, lock, and barrel of the musket is richly ornamented, and mounted with silver. This curious piece was taken from the Turks by Count Orlow, the Russian General ; afterwards exchanged with an English gentleman for a fine horse : the gen- tleman presented it to the Right Hon. Lord Paget, who gave it to the Lichfield Museum, from whence it was purchased by the present Proprietor. Under these is the Haubergfon or Norman Suit of Mail. This is made in the same manner as the Hau- berk, only it is without sleeves, and reaches no lower than the waist. By the statute of Winchester, pass- ed in the thirteenth year of the reign of Edward I. every man possessing lands to the yearly amount of fifteen pounds, and forty marks in goods, was obliged to keep in his possession an Haubergeon, an iron head- piece, a sword, a knife, and a horse. With this is the Roundel, Rondaclie, or Norman Shield. (See Grose's Ancient Armour, plate 34, vol. ii.) This shield derived its name from its cir- cular figure; it is made of rings of iron, fastened together, studded with brass, and lined with leather, but they were sometimes composed of oziers, boards of light wood, sinews or ropes covered with N3 138 leather, plates of metal, or stuck full of nails in con- centric circles or other figures. The Norman sol- diers carried this shield fastened to a strap and hung over the shoulder. The roundels of metal, parti- cularly those richly embossed, seem rather to have been insignia of dignity, anciently borne before ge- nerals or great officers, than calculated for war, most of them being too heavy for convenient use, or too slight to resist the violence of a stroke, either from a sword or battle axe. GLASS CASE OF GUNS. Left-hand Side of the Armoury. A very curious modern Fowling Piece, made by C. Malbon of Chester ; it has two pans, the hind- most is shut by means of a short lever or regulator, while the foremost is used. It fires twice with once loading. A very curious Double Wheel -lock Musket, from the Grand Duke of Tuscany's Gallery at Florence. This piece has two pans, two wheels of steel, and two flints . by which contrivance it discharges twice with once loading. 139 A beautiful small French Fusee, of capital work- manship. Two Highland Pistols of different workmanship. At the bottom of this Case is a carious ancient Missal on its original stand, made of a solid piece of Oak, in an extremely curious manner. Guns ranged on the right hand of the figure of the Musketeer. A large Brass-barrelled Air Gun, by Kolbe. The air being condensed between the outer and in- ner barrel, and the pump in the butt giving it the appearance and portability of a common gun. Ancient Snaphaunce Musket. American Rifle, taken at Fort Washington. Magazine Gun, made at Pontefraot in Yorkshire, by Martin Raynald ; it may with ease and safety be fired eight times in half a minute with only once charging. GUN CASE. **tO Right-hand Side of the Armoury. A most superb Turkish Musket. The barrel richly damasked and inlaid with gold. The stock is of Ivory mounted in silver, closely inlaid with gold, and ornamented with precious stones. 140 This magnificent and costly article was, with several other interesting curiosities, presented to the Museum by Sii Joseph Banks. A curious and boHutiful ancient Spanish Wheel. lock Rifle, the whole stock of which is entirely covertd with the most exquisite inlaid woik in ivory and mother-of-pearl, representing a variety of figures of men, beasts, birds, flowers, &c. A fine Persian Match Lock, silver mounted, the barrel richly damasked, and inlaid with gold. An elegant Turkish Sword, of singular form, call- ed the Yatagan ; the whole scabbard and hilt of silver, richly embossed and chased. In the bottom of this Case is an illuminated ma- nuscript Missal. .;i:; 4 i. Lid oi & Jlijfl* ||M GUNS. On ike Left-hand Side of the Figure in Plate A large and ponderous English Match-lock, date on it HI An ancient English Fowling-piece, with a snap- haunch lock, the stock richly inlaid with ivory and pearl shells engraved. This'piece is supposed origi- nally to have belonged to the Skeffington family, formerly owners of Fisherwick, now the property of the Marquis of Donegal. A Magazine Gun, made in Italy in the year 1666, which, when loaded at the butt end, may be dis- charged by moving a short regulator, ten times,, in less than half a minute. On the left side of the Armoui'y, over the Gun Case, is the Brigandine Jacket. This is mentioned in Jeremiah, ch. li- v. 3. and in an act passed by Philip and Mary, in 15.58. It was used principally by the archers, and took its name from the light- armed troops who first wore it, being called Bri- gands. It is composed of a number of small plates of Iron, sewed upon quilted linen through a small hole in the center of each plate, the edges laid over each other like tiles, or the scales of fish : these scales are covered with cloth, so as to have the appearance of quilting j it is proof against the push of a pike, or the stroke of a sword, and yet is extremely pliable to every motion of the body. The Helmet for this suit is called a Skull, or Steel Cap. On the other side of the Canopy is a suit of Armour, such as was worn by the cavalry in the time of Oliver Cromwell ; it was called Dutch Light Horseman's Armour. Above the Canopy is a Trophy of Persian Ar- mour, consisting of a beautiful Match-lock Gun, a Shield made of the skin of the Rhinoceros, (bullet proof) a Bow case and Quiver of Arrows; on a us line with these, is a Trophy of curious Guns and Swords of various kind*; among the latter are two with Pistols in the hilts, taken on board the Ville de Paris. In the center a little higher than this, is a Suit of Pikeman's Armour compleat ; on each side of which is a Trophy of Fire Arms, consisting of a curious and extraordinary shaped Spanish Match-lock of the kind first used, the stock is inlaid with ivory, very much curved, and in- tended to be placed against the breast when fired. A very singular English Match-lock, and several Wheel-lock and other Pistols. To the right of these is a Trophy of Chinese Armour, consisting of a Sword, Shield, Helmet, and Bow and Arrows. On the right-hand side of the Armoury, forming a part of the rail in front, is a Long Gun, purchased at the late sale of the Leverian Museum. With this piece, General Wedcierburne (brother to Lord Loughborough) was killed, when reconnoitering a fort in the East Indies. The distance from the fort was so great, that the shot could not be accounted for, until the place was taken, and this long gun dis- covered. An Indian Match-lock Musket. An Iron Spear, the handle of which is hollow and plated; it is from India, and used in hunting. A a anciunt Pike. The last three articles form a part of the rail. Dispersed in various parts of the Armoury are the following articles, mostly labelled. A great variety of Pieces of Armour, for all parts of the body; among which are several pieces 145 presented by the Corporation of Stafford to the Lichfield Museum ; and a number of Back and Breast Plates of different kinds, given by the Corporation of Coventry to this Collection. Impression of a trie Roman Helmet. An open-fronted Helmet, found in a ditch near Wigan, a few years since, on the -spot where the Earl of Derby had a battle with the Parliament forces, in the year 1651, in favour of Charles li. A Ileli net found at Carthage, about the year 18OO, by JL Jackson, Esq. of Basinghall-street, London : it greatly resembles the Morions worn in Europe in the time of James I. An open-fronted Helmet Several Pot Helmets, or Iron Hats, with broad brims. '. ;> i-." i '! '-'i. - The Plastron, or Breast Plate, usually worn under the Hauberk, &c. &c. ' A very curious Mahratta Horseman's Sword, between four and five feet long, of excellent tem- per j the blade, which is very thin, is fixed into a kind of gauntlet, that reaches nearly to the wearer's elbow, and in which there is a grasp across the inside for the hand. See Grose, pi. 50, No. 1 . and 2. Two Highland Swords and Targets. A variety of ancient Swords, of different nations. A large Two-handled Sword, nearly six feet long. Singular Iron Pike and Gun-rest. 144 Great variety of Gun Locks, some of them very curious. Halbert, made in the time of Oliver Cromwell, formerly carried before the Mayor of Chester. Indian Match Lock. A Sack Bottle. An ancient Hat, made of the undressed skin of the Wild Boar. A pair of Warrior's Gloves, made of Buffalo's hide. An ancient Buff Gauntlet, or covering for the left, arm, worn in the time of Charles I. by Sir Francis Rhodes, of Balborough-hall, in ^Derbyshire. It is coutrivtd to answer the purpose of a shield, being composed of three skins of buff' leather, and of strong pasteboard. It is figured iu Grose's Ancient Armour, vol. ii. plate 39. fig. 5 and o". An ancient Cross Bow, remarkably strong. The Stock of a very rich Arcubalista, or Cross Bow, found about the year 1773, by some labourers on Bosworth Field, renowned in history for the victory obtained by the Earl of Richmond (afterwards Henry VII.) over Richard III. in which Richard lost his crown and life. It is so exquisitely carved, as to authorise a conjecture that it was the weapon of no mean warrior : indeed ver\ few specimens of the chisel of he present day excel it. The bow is unfortunately lost, and the iron work that remains is much corroded by lyin$r, as it assuredly did, 298 years in the ground j on h there are yet to be discovered a number of studs and ornamental piece of gold. It is made of yew, the compact texture of 145 \ which wood has so well preserved it from decay. In a scarce poem, written by Charles Allen, which contains a particular account of the battle of Bos- worth, are the following lines : " The archers stript their sleeves, who must define " The controversie here debated on: " The sun of Richmond's hope was in the sign " Of Sagitarius, and there chiefly shone. " The feathers of their shafts sung as they went, " Being newly set to the one-string'd instrument. i- This fine remain of antiquity is figured and de- scribed in the Gentleman's Magazine for February 1784., and which, with several other antiquities in this collection, were exhibited before the Royal Anti- quarian Society, in the year 1803. A number of Pikes and Lances from Africa. Great variety of Irish Pikes, such as were used in the late Rebellion. A collection of Ancient and Foreign Stirrup Irons and Bridle Bits ; some of them of an extraordinary size and weight. Ancient Brass Hanging Candlestick. ' o 146 Small Glass Case. An ancient Sword, formerly used by the English Noblemen in their Hunting excursions. X)n the hilt and scabbard of this sword (which are of ivory) are most exquisitely carved the death of every animal of the chase, comprising more than ninety-seven figures. This admirable work of art serves in some measure to shew in what a magnificent manner our ancestors followed their favourite amusements; and it is imagined that few artists of the present day could produce so exquisite a .performance. Within the scabbard are a knife and fork. A very rich pair of Spurs, found in the spring of 1800, in ploughing Bosworth Field ; thej are of brass, enamelled, and very perfect. A singular Iron Spur, the rowels of which are J 3 inches in circumference. Curious Iron Spur, enchased with silvjer, found on Bosworth Field. Ancient Iron Spur. Pair of Gilt Brass Spurs, such as are worn by the Knights of the Bath, on days of ceremony. Ancient Brass Snuffers and Stand of curious work- manship. Ancient Irish Brass Sword, found near Navan, in Ireland, supposed to have been in use before Iron was known in that country. H7 Ancient Brass Celt, found at Winwick, near Warrington, Lancashire. Iron Arrow, purchased from the Leverian Museum, found in the year 1792, in the field on which stands the Castle of Harwood, Yorkshire. Leather Skull Cap. An ancient Brass Dish, supposed to be Saxon ; on the bottom is a rude representation of the Annunci- ation, and round the edge a legend in Saxon letters. Chinese Sword, of singular make, with a scabbard of Wood, curiously carved. A Moorish Spur, which weighs one pound three ounces; instead of rowels, it is armed with sharp pikes of the thickness of a persons finger, and about four inches in length. This singular instrument appears better designed to kill a horse than to urge it forward. A large Turkish Powder Flask, mounted and em- broidered with silver, formerly belonging to Prince Eugene, at the sale of whose effects it was purchased. Presented by Henry Blundell, Esq. Ince-hall. An ancient Leather Bottle, embroidered with silk j it holds nearly a gallon. Bandileers, or Wooden Cylindrical Boxes, used by the Musketeers, of the reign of James and Charlq I. for carrying their powder. Twelve of these were fixed to a belt worn over the left shoulder. The bag that carried the ballets was suspended to the belt Ancient Cornet. This horn is supposed to be of the earliest invention, and to have been one of the first kind of musical instruments used in a military band. O2 148 . Case in Armoury. / ; i ii >SfiU*i A curious ancient Dish, inlaid with mother-of- pearl and various coloured glass, &c. Ancient Work Basket, made of Cane and different coloured Silk. Large Hat, made of cane, curiously wrought, of the time of Elizabeth. Pair of ancient Stockings, of crimson silk and gold ; they are very strong, and curiously ornamented on the top : supposed to be of about the time f James I. 149 '.* SHOES OF DIFFERENT NATIONS. Roman Sandal. The strings which lace it in front, the sides, and bottom, most ingeniously made out of one piece of leather ; it was found at the depth of fourteen feet, in cutting peat in Hawford Moss, Cheshire. Turkish Slipper, of yellow leather. Persian Shoe, red leather, embroidered with silver. East India Shoes, of curious form, and highly or- namented. A Pair of Bramin's Shoes, from the East Indies^ Perhaps no article of dress to the eyes of Europeans will appear more extraordinary than these shoes. They are made of hard wood of one piece, in the form of the sole of the common shoe, raised from the ground about the height of a patten, by a pro- jecting piece of wood being left at the foot and at the heel. They are fastened to the feet by a peg of wood that stands between the two largest toes, which secures them in walking. Chinese Men's Shoes ; one of them of cane, beau, tifully wrought ; the other of satin embroidered : the sole of woollen cloth, near two inches thick, and bent up before in such a manner as to keep the toes constantly raised. Pair of Shoes worn by Ladies in China, whose O3 150 feet have been cramped by the use of the iron shoe; and a Model of the Leg and Foot. These are of a size so extremely diminutive, that on the first view it appears impossible they could have been worn by a full grown person ; they are rather more than four inches long, and are not an inch wide in the middle. This ridiculous custom is said to be per- formed by breaking the bones of the feet of the fe- males while infants, bending the toes under the soles of the feet, applying a tight bandage, and over that an iron shoe, which prevents the feet from enlarg- ing, and render these unfortunate victims of fashion cripples for life. An African Sandal. A Russian Lady's Winter Shoe; it is of leather, with a sole of wood, lined throughout with thick fur* Maucason, or Shoe of the North American In- dians, ornamented with dyed Porcupine quills. Snow Shoe, of a Child, from Canada. FINIS. H. ReyneU, Printer, 21, Piccadilly, London* Lately was Published, IN SEVEN LARGE OCTAVO VOLUMES, WITH A LIFE OF THE AUTHOR; A DICTIONARY Of the various Terms used in Natural History, AND APPROPRIATE COPPERPLATES, Price 51. 5s. in Boards, or 61. well Bound, or with the the Plates elegantly coloured, in Boards, 61. 6s. or well Bound, 71. 7s. A GENERAL SYSTEM OF NATURE, THROUGH THE THREE GRAND KINGDOMS OF Animals, Vegetables, and Minerals; SYSTEMATICALLY DIVIDED INTO THEIR SEVERAL Classes, Orders, Genera, Species, and Varieties; with their Habitations, Manners, Economy, Structure, and Peculiaries. Translated from the last Editions of the celebrated SYSTEMA NATURE, BY SIR CHARLES LINNE: AMENDED AND ENLARGED BY Til* IMPROVEMENTS AND DISCOVERIES OF LATER NATURALISTS AND SOCIETIES, By WILLIAM TURTON, M.D. AUTHOR OF THE MEPICAl GLOSSARY, &C. &C. *Thns may oar life, exemot from public haunt, . ,1 ' Find tonjfues in trees, books iu the running brooks, < Sermous in stones, and good in every thing." SHAKESPEARE. LONDON: HUNTED FOR LACKINGTON, ALLEN, AND CO. TEMPIE OI 1HE MUSES, FINSBUBY-SaUARE. MAN, always curious and inquisitive, and ever desirous of adding lo his useful knowledge, among other sources of amusement and instruction, is naturally led to contemplate and to inquire into the works of Natuie. He looks with grateful reverence upon those vast families of created beings, which it has pleased the Author of ail things to place subordinate to his wisdom and power: he examines, with wonder, their formation, habits, and economy ; and hears, with delight, the narrations of those, who have sought after the Natural Curiosities of distant countries. That this beautiful and inviting study may be faci- litated ; and that the whole of the productions and inhabitants of this our globe, may be arranged, and conveniently exhibited, systems have been invented, reducing them to their several kingdoms, classes, tribes, families, and individuals; with their names, habitations, manners, economy, and appearance. These have enjoyed their various degrees of repute and excellence ; but the amazing comprehension, learning, and labour, of the celebrated Sir Charles Liun6, has produced a system so clear and simple, so compendious and accurate, that the lover of Natural History may directly discover the name and properties of "whatever subject may fall in his way, or he may choose to investigate. In systematic arrangment, the student has this peculiar ariv^r.tage, that by immediately arriving at the name, the whole of its known qualities are at once displayed to him : but. SIR'S IZD\)i 3^ ^*"^*/ & 5*2 'AbvusrB^ ^IMNV-SOV^ "^sa S'-Tj ^)^ j i/ y <~> IS