B6 
 1894 
 
 U.CJEl 
 
 CRG.-AES. 
 
 lalifornia 
 gional
 
 BIO-AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA 92502
 
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 N Of OAU 
 
 THE J^INNESOTA ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 
 
 At Minneapolis Minn. 
 OCCASIONAL PAPERS VOL. I NO. 1 
 
 CHARLES E. WEAVER COLLECTION 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 RIVERSIDE 
 
 PRELIMINARY NOTES 
 
 ON THE 
 
 BIRDS AND MAMMALS 
 
 COLLECTED BY THE 
 
 MENAGE SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION 
 
 TO THE 
 
 PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 
 
 BY FRANK S. BOURNS AND DEAN C. WORCESTER 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS 
 
 PRINTED FOB THE ACADEMY 
 
 Decembers 1894.
 
 THE MINNESOTA ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 
 
 At Minneapolis, Minn. 
 OCCASIONAL PAPERS, VOL. I., NO. 1 
 
 PRELIMINARY NOTES 
 
 ON THE 
 
 BIRDS AND MAMMALS 
 
 COLLECTED BY THE 
 
 MENAGE SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION 
 
 TO THE 
 
 PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 
 
 BY FRANK S. BOURNS AND DEAN C. WORCESTER 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS 
 
 FEINTED KOK THE ACADEMY 
 
 December 1H94 
 
 JUA
 
 Printed by 
 HAKKISON & SMITH
 
 EDITORIAL NOTE. 
 
 With this brochure the Trustees of the Minnesota Academy of 
 Natural Sciences enter upon the issue of a new series of publications. 
 It is termed "Occasional Papers." The series is instituted to enable 
 the Academy to print the researches of its members when such re- 
 searches attain the measure of a monograph or memoir. It will 
 also enable the Trustees to prepare and distribute the results of in- 
 vestigations more promptly than could be done were such material 
 to await its place in the series of Bulletins. It is hoped that the rea- 
 sons which have prevented the inception of the series of Occasional 
 Papers will not in the future prevent the issue of such material as 
 may be deemed worthy of publication. 
 
 The specimens described in the following "Preliminary Notes" as 
 well as the entire collection of the Menage Scientific Expedition to 
 the Philippine Islands, are the property of the Minnesota Academy 
 of Natural Sciences. An exchange list will be issued to which the 
 attention of all zoologists and of ornithologists in particular will be 
 invited. C. W. HALL.
 
 PRELIMINARY NOTES ON THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 
 COLLECTED BY THE MENAGE SCIENTIFIC EXPE- 
 DITION TO THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 
 
 BY FRANK S. BOURNS AND DEAN C. WORCESTER. 
 
 I. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The writers of the present paper had the honor of forming two of 
 the " party of five collectors from the United States" which consti 
 tuted the Steere Expedition to the Philippines. In company with 
 Dr. Steere they visited, in 1887-88, thirteen of the larger islands of 
 the group. The birds and mammals collected by them were placed 
 at the disposal of Dr. Steere for identification and description. 
 
 Being convinced that much remained to be done, both in the dis- 
 covery of new species and in the working out of the exact distribu- 
 tion of species already known, we were extremely anxious to return 
 and continue the work. This we were enabled to do in the summer 
 of 1890 through the liberality of Mr. Louis P. Menage a public 
 spirited citizen of Minneapolis, Minnesota, and a member of the 
 Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences. 
 
 The entire expense of the expedition was borne by Mr. Menage 
 and its results were donated to the Academy of Sciences. 
 
 We found in Mr. Menage a supporter careful as to the ends for 
 which the funds he supplied were expended, but quick to see and 
 appreciate the needs of the expedition and always ready to meet 
 them.
 
 6 BOURNS A1SD WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 We originally planned to spend two years in the field. As the 
 time allowed us drew near its end, and it became evident that we 
 could not complete the work we desired to do before its expiration, 
 we asked for an extension of time which Mr. Menage readily granted. 
 At the end of two years we separated, Mr. Bourns going to Borneo 
 to collect the interesting mammals of that region and Mr. Worcester 
 remaining in the Philippines to complete the work there. 
 When all the localities in which we had planned to make collections, 
 with the exception of North Luzon and the Babuyanes and Batanes 
 islands, had been visited a serious attack of illness brought Mr. 
 Worcester's work to an end and this promising field, from which we 
 had anticipated much, had to be left unexplored. 
 
 During the stay of two years and five months the following islands 
 were visited: Luzon, Samar, Mindanao, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi Tawi, 
 Palawan Culion, Busuanga, Mindoro, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyau, 
 Panay, Guimaras, Negros, Cebu, Siquijor. 
 
 At the time of our visit Tawi Tawi, Tablas, Romblon and Sibuyan 
 were new localities, and though we learned from the natives that the 
 French Naturalist, Marche, had visited the Calamianes Islands 
 (Culion and Busuanga) we have been unable to find any -record of 
 his collections. 
 
 We returned to this country in the early summer of 1893 expecting 
 immediately to begin work on our material, but the financial troubles 
 prevailing at that time had seriously embarrassed many, friends of 
 the Academy, so that during the stagnation that followed the panic 
 of 1893 the work came to a standstill and could not be resumed un- 
 til the summer of the present year. 
 
 Meanwhile Mr. A. Everett, the well known Philippine and 
 Bornean collector, had visited Sibutu and Bongao and sent his col- 
 lectors to Tawi Tawi, so -that several of our most important discov- 
 eries in the latter island have been anticipated. 
 
 The following preliminary notes will be followed at a later date 
 by a more extended paper in which many results of our trip which 
 can not here be even mentioned will be brought out and their exact 
 bearing on the work of our predecessors made plain. 
 
 We wish to express our very sincere gratitude to Dr. Thomas S. 
 Roberts, Professor Henry F. Nachtrieb, Professor Henry L. Osborn,
 
 HOUKNS AM) WOKCKSTEK: 1'KKUMINAUY .N 
 
 II. 
 
 NEW SPECIES OF BINDS. 
 
 The following species are believed to be new: 
 
 1. Ninox spilonotus sp. nov. 
 
 Sexes alike. General color of upper surface fulvous brown. 
 Feathers of head, nape, interscapulars and wing-coverts spotted 
 with light rufous brown giving the parts in question a decidedly 
 speckled appearance. Rump fulvous brown, upper tail-coverts 
 faintly spotted with pale rufous brown. Tail nearly black with 
 nine narrow transverse bands of light rufous brown. Quills like 
 tail but spotted, instead of barred, with light rufous brown. Scap- 
 ulars like back, some of them with large nearly white spots on 
 outer webs. A few of greater series of wing coverts also spotted 
 with white on outer webs. Chin and throat whitish, almost pure 
 white in one specimen, in others light rufous brown, the feathers 
 always with black shaft stripes. Auriculars fulvous brown some 
 what mixed with light rufous brown. Sides of neck like head. 
 Breast, abdomen, flanks and thighs, under wing coverts and axil 
 laries rufous brown, the depth of the color subject to great individ- 
 ual variation. Many feathers of breast and abdomen with fulvous 
 brown spots and all with blackish bases. Under surface of wing 
 fulvous brown. Inner webs of feathers, especially of secondaries, 
 spotted and barred with light rufous brown. A spot of white on 
 bend of wing. Tarsus feathered for rather more than half its 
 length. Iris yellow, legs and feet pale yellow, bill black at tip, gray 
 at base. Two females measure 9.50 inches in length. Culmen, .53. 
 Tarsus, 1.21. Wing, 7.13. Tail, 4.00. 
 
 Habitat: Cebu, Sibuyan, Tablas, Mindoro. 
 
 A single specimen of this species was secured in Cebu by Mr. 
 Worcester in 1838. Its curious mottled back and under surface 
 were suggestive of immaturity, and Dr. Steere thought it to be the 
 young of some undescribed species. We have altogether too much 
 material now to make such a theory tenable. 
 
 2. Phabotreron cinereiceps sp, nov. 
 
 Top of head, nape and sides of neck clear ashy gray, slightly 
 washed with rufous on forehead. Hind-neck amethystine as in P.
 
 INTRODUCTION. < 
 
 Mr. Edward C. Gale and Mr. Horace V. Winchell for the large 
 amount of time which they have given to the carrying out of our 
 common plans; to the Athenaeum Library Board and the Minneapo- 
 lis Public Library for their liberality in providing the literature 
 without which the work would have been impossible and to the 
 many friends of the Academy who have furnished financial aid at 
 a time when they could ill. afford to do so. 
 
 In connection with our final paper we shall publish careful meas- 
 urements of all the species of land birds obtained. With the* excep- 
 tion of the birds collected by Mr. Moseley no measurements were 
 taken in the field on the birds of the Steere Expedition and many of 
 the length measurements given for them were taken from dry skins 
 and are, therefore, unreliable. With very few exceptions all of the 
 birds collected by the Menage Expedition were measured in the flesh 
 for length and during the past summer a complete and careful se- 
 ries of measurements of more than four thousand specimens has been 
 prepared by Messrs. Lawrence E. Griffin and Ernest G. Martin of 
 Hamline University, Saint Paul, Minn. We are greatly indebted to 
 both of these young men for the care and diligence with which they 
 carried out this important piece of work. The data furnished by 
 them will enable us not only to furnish for each species average 
 measurements from a large series of specimens but also to ascer- 
 tain the relative amount of individual variation in the representatives 
 of those genera which display a strong tendency to develop local 
 species as compared with other genera which show no such tendency. 
 In addition to the work above mentioned Messrs. Griffin and Martin 
 gave us much valuable assistance.
 
 NEW SPECIES OK J51KDS. cj 
 
 amethystina. Back, rump and upper tail-coverts brown with l>r,n/.,. 
 reflections, the tail coverts slightly more ruddy than back. Four 
 outer pairs of tail feathers dark brown, lighter at base. Two cen- 
 tral pairs ruddy brown with bronze reflections. All the tail feathers 
 with ashy tips which form a distinct terminal band inch in width. 
 Shafts of tail feathers black. Wing coverts and secondaries uni- 
 form with back. Primaries dark brown, the first five sharply edged 
 with rusty brown on outer web. A narrow black stripe under eye. 
 Sides of face, ear- coverts, fore- neck and breast rich ruddy brown, 
 the breast with slight metallic gloss. Chin and throat lighter. Ab- 
 domen and thighs fulvous brown. Flanks darker with slight me- 
 tallic wash. Under tail coverts clear ashy gray. Shafts of tail- 
 feathers with basal half black, apical half white. Under surface of 
 tail nearly black, the terminal grey band distinct and wider than on 
 upper surface, measuring .6 inch on outer pair of feathers. Under 
 wing-coverts and axillaries like the flanks. Under surface of quills 
 uniform dark brown. Bill black. Legs and feet dirty purplish. Nails 
 black. Iris in one specimen bright yellow, in another orange red. 
 Length, 10.25 in. Culmen, .80. Wing, 5.29. Tail, 3.90. Tarsus, 
 .70. Sexes alike. 
 Habitat: Tawi Tawi. 
 
 3. Phabotreron brunneiceps sp. nov. 
 
 Above dark brown with greenish reflections. Amethystine spot 
 on hind neck less blue than P. amethystina. Top of head brown, 
 the forehead slightly lighter and nape slightly darker than crown. 
 Narrow dark brown streak under eye. Sides of face and ear-coverts 
 brown, paler than crown. Narrow dark brown streak under eye. 
 Chin and throat grayish fulvous. Breast pearly ash. Abdomen, 
 flanks, thighs and under tail-coverts ochraceous brown. Under 
 surface of tail brownish black, with broad grey terminal band. 
 Under wing-coverts and axillaries fulvous brown. Primaries with 
 sharply defined light edges on upper web. Below slightly more 
 ashy. Tail-feathers brown above with distinct terminal bands of 
 grey. Central pair with slight metallic gloss. Shafts of quills 
 black above and below except the terminal half inch which is white. 
 Bill black. Feet dark pink. Nails brown. Iris orange red. Length, 
 10.33 inches. Culmen, .94. Wing, 5.21. Tail, 3.50. Tarsus, .72. A 
 well defined species readily distinguished from P. amethystina by 
 its smaller size and the entirely different color of its under surface. 
 
 Habitat: Basilan.
 
 10 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 4. Phabotreron maculipectus sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: Upper surface exactly as in P. atnethystina except 
 that the primaries are slightly darker. Dark brown stripe under eye 
 extending from gape through ear-coverts to hind-neck. Below this 
 a white stripe and a second shorter dark stripe below the latter. 
 Cheeks fulvous brown. Chin and throat more ruddy brown. Breast 
 clear ashy grey, each feather having an edging distinctly lighter 
 than its center, producing a beautiful mottled appearance. Feathers 
 on center of fore-breast washed with brown and forming a distinct 
 patch. Feathers of abdomen lack the dark centers, and their edges 
 are washed with light brown. Thighs and under tail-coverts cinnamon 
 brown, much lighter than in P. amethystina. Under surface of 
 tail-feathers dark brown, nearly black, with faint metallic gloss 
 and a broad grey terminal band. Shafts of feathers black chang- 
 ing to white at tips. Under surface of wing and axillaries uniform 
 fulvous brown. Bill black. Feet dark pink. Nails dark brown, 
 nearly black. Culmen, 1.02. Wing, 5.69. Tail, 4.55. Tarsus, .77. 
 Length not taken from birds in flesh. This beautiful species was 
 obtained in the island of Negros on the mountains of the interior, 
 where it is by no means common. It is distinguished from all the 
 other species of the genus by its fine mottled breast. 
 
 5. Phabotreron front alls sp. nov. 
 
 General color of upper surface as in P. brunneiceps but forehead 
 and crown lighter, nape washed with ashy grey, and lacking 
 metallic gloss. Tail glossed with dull bronze instead of amethystine 
 and terminal band less strongly marked than in brunneiceps. Under 
 surface much as in brunneiceps but everywhere darker. Under 
 tail coverts ashy grey slightly tipped with fulvous. Tail much as 
 in brunneiceps, the outer web of outer pair of feathers being, how- 
 ever, light brown. Basal half of shafts dirty whitish. Apical 
 fourth white, rest brown. Iris pale orange. Bill black. Legs and 
 feet purple. Nails light brown. Sexes alike. Length, 10.37 inches. 
 Culmen, 2.00. Wing, 5.57. Tail, 3.95. Tarsus, .81. 
 
 Habitat: Cebu. 
 
 6. Phlogoenas menage! sp. nov. 
 
 Entire upper surface of head, nape, hind-neck, upper back, sides 
 of neck and sides of breast rich metallic green. Scapulars and inter- 
 scapulars dark brown, broadly edged with elegant violet when spe- 
 cimen is held between observer and the light, this color changing to 
 deep green when specimen is held away from source of light. Rump
 
 NEW SPECIES OF BIKDS. jj 
 
 and upper tail-coverts ruddy brown narrowly edged with the metal- 
 lic colors of the back. A few of the longest coverts nearly black, 
 washed with rufous brown at the tips. Basal portion of tail feath- 
 ers dark ashy grey, the two central feathers darkest. A distinct 
 sub-terminal band of black on all but the central pair of feathers. 
 All the feathers with a terminal grey band, least distinct on central 
 pair. Wing coverts dark brown, broadly tipped with metallic green 
 except outer series, which are broadly tipped with ashy grey. Pri- 
 mary and secondary coverts and secondaries fulvous brown, the 
 outer half of outer webs of feathers rich rufous brown, the inner 
 secondaries having the entire outer web, and tip of inner web, of 
 this color. Primaries fulvous brown faintly washed with rufous 
 brown on basal half of outer webs. Lores, a narrow line under eye 
 and ear-coverts nearly black with a faint wash of metallic green. 
 
 The metallic green of back and sides of neck continued in a dis- 
 tinct band across the breast, only slightly interrupted at center of 
 breast and enclosing a beautiful oiange plastron formed by the 
 bristle-like tips of the feathers of the fore- breast. Basal portion of 
 these feathers as well as chin, throat, sides of face and sides of 
 throat pure white. An indistinct white band behind the green pec- 
 toral band. Hind breast and upper abdomen pearly ash, a few of 
 the feathers tipped with creamy white. Belly creamy white. 
 Planks, thighs and under tail-coverts buff. Under surface of tail 
 like upper, the terminal band being rather more pronounced. Under 
 wing coverts, axillaries and basal portion of inner webs of all the 
 quills chestnut brown. Rest of quills dark brown. Bill slaty grey 
 at tip, black at base. Legs and feet light red. Nails light brown. 
 Iris light silver grey. Length, 11.25 inches. Culmen, .85. Wing, 
 6.03. Tail, 4.07. Tarsus, 1.43. 
 
 Extremely rare and difficult to obtain. We secured two fine males 
 but failed to get a female. 
 
 Habitat: Tawi Tawi. 
 
 We take pleasure in naming this fine bird in honor of Louis F. 
 Menage, through whose liberality our second visit to the Philip- 
 pine Islands was made possible. 
 
 7. Batrachostomus menagei sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: Top of head rich dark brown slightly washed with 
 black. Feathers of forehead buff, tipped with fulvous brown, form- 
 ing a distinct buff stripe reaching back to eye. Feathers of crown 
 lighter fulvous with spots of rufous brown on the edges, each spot 
 being surrounded with black. Somo of the feathers tipped with ru- 
 fous, and having black sub terminal bands. Occiput and nape with
 
 12 HOUUNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 less black. Elongated auriculars tawny buff, with black spots and 
 bars, the tips being black. Sides of face tawny buff streaked with 
 black, lighter below. A distinct buffy white nuchal collar formed 
 by white subtermlnal bars on feathers of neck, the bases of which 
 are dark buff thickly vermiculated with black. Their tips are black, 
 and a black band intervenes between the white subterminal band 
 and the buffy bases of the feathers. Feathers of back dark brown, 
 thickly vermiculated with black. Feathers of rump fulvous brown, 
 spotted with black and reddish brown toward their tips, these col- 
 ors assuming the form of irregular bands on the upper tail-coverts 
 A few of the shorter scapulars almost black with irregular bars of 
 dark rufous brown. Outer webs of longer scapulars light buff, the 
 two outermost feathers being entirely of this color. The next scap- 
 ulars have inner webs thickly vermiculated with black. The inner 
 and longest scapulars have both webs marked in this manner, their 
 inner webs being the darker. The last of the longer scapulars with 
 an irregular terminal spot of black. Lesser wing coverts nearly 
 black tipped with chocolate brown. Bases of primary coverts ful- 
 vous brown, the outer webs heavily spotted with rufous brown, the 
 inner webs less so, and a subterminal bar of black crossing entire 
 outer and half of inner web, all the feathers tipped with prominent 
 spots of creamy white. Secondary coverts like primary coverts 
 but the black bar and white spot confined to outer web. 
 
 Primaries fulvous brown when held toward light, changing to 
 smoky brown when held away from light. Outer webs spotted with 
 buffy white throughout their entire length, the spots being much 
 lighter on second and third primaries. Tips of feathers mottled 
 with rufous brown. General color of secondaries same as primaries, 
 their outer webs and tips being spotted with rufous brown and 
 these spots in turn being speckled with fulvous brown. Inner three 
 secondaries speckled with fulvous brown, rufous brown and creamy 
 white, each feather with a terminal spot of fulvous. General color 
 of tail rufous brown distinctly barred with lighter rufous brown, 
 each of these bars succeeded by a narrow irregular bar of black, the 
 entire feather thickly speckled with black and each feather having 
 a small black terminal spot. Throat and fore-breast like sides of 
 face. A buffy white pectoral band continuous with nuchal collar 
 and succeeded by a second creamy white band, the feathers between 
 the two bands being brown thickly vermiculated with black and 
 creamy white. Abdomen lighter. Flanks and under tail coverts 
 ashy, slightly tinged with pinkish, some of the feathers with dark 
 black shaft stripes, others with small terminal spots of black. Un- 
 der surface of tail much like coverts, the black markings of upper
 
 NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS. 13 
 
 surface showing only faintly. Shafts of tail-feathers creamy white. 
 Under wing coverts fulvous brown tipped with white. Axillaries 
 white. Eyes pale yellow. Legs, feet and nails nearly white. Up- 
 per mandible brown, lower dirty green. Culmen, 1.05 inches. Wing, 
 5.46. Tail, 4.14. Tarsus, .61. 
 
 Food, beetles. Native name "cow-cow." The single specimen ob- 
 tained is a fully adult male. Its rich and complicated markings are 
 very difficult to describe. 
 
 We have named it in honor of Mr. Menage. 
 
 8. Ceyx nigrirostris sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: General color of back and upper tail-coverts bright 
 cobalt blue, slightly lighter than in C. cyanipectus. Crown and nape 
 blue-black thickly spotted with bright cobalt, the spots being much 
 wider arid slightly lighter than in C. cyanipectus. Spots much larger 
 on hind neck, causing it to appear nearly uniform cobalt. 
 
 Scapulars black, heavily washed with dark verditer blue. Wing- 
 coverts washed with verditer blue, each feather with a bright spot 
 or stripe of cobalt blue. Wing black, the outer webs of secondaries 
 heavily washed with light verditer blue. Tail black, the central 
 pair of feathers washed with verditer blue on both webs, the others 
 on outer webs only. Loral spot reddish buff. A spot of same color 
 on sides of neck. Chin and throat white, washed with buff. Fore- 
 neck, breast and abdomen uniform buff. Flanks, sides of breast 
 and a complete band across the breast dark verditer blue. A half 
 band of same color behind this. Under tail-coverts buff, the larger 
 ones tipped with verditer blue. Under wing coverts like the breast, 
 with a spot of verditer blue at end. Basal portion of inner webs 
 of primaries and secondaries washed with pale buff. Bill black. 
 Average measurements from ten males: Culmen, 1.42 inches. Tar- 
 sus, .34 Wing, 2.22. Tail, .88. Length of a single male measured 
 in the flesh, 6. 50. Female like male, but has only a half band of 
 verditer blue across the breast, this being more imperfect than in 
 C. cyanipectus. Average measurements from three females: Cul- 
 men, 1.45 inches. Tarsus, .33. Wing, 2.34. Tail, .95. Length of 
 single female measured in the flesh, 5.63 inches. 
 
 A well marked species easily distinguished from C. cyanipectus its 
 nearest ally, by the heavier markings on crown and nape, by its 
 black bill and by the entirely different color of its under surface. 
 Like the former species, it is strictly confined to the banks of fresh 
 water streams and it is usually found in the woods. 
 
 Habitat: Panay, Negros, Cebu.
 
 1 : 4 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 9. Centropus steerii sp. nov. 
 
 Sexes alike. Forehead, crown and nape, sides of face, chin, 
 throat and upper breast greenish black. The coarse shafts of the 
 feathers shiny black, the webs with a faint greenish tinge. Hind 
 neck and back, sides of neck, wing-coverts and breast smoky brown 
 with faint greenish tinge. Hind back and rump slaty black, tips 
 of feathers with greenish tinge. Upper tail-coverts and upper sur- 
 face of tail uniform dull metallic green. Shafts of feathers jet 
 black from base to tip. Upper surface of wings earthy brown with 
 metallic green gloss like the tail, except on the outer four primaries, 
 which have little gloss. Abdomen browner than breast and with 
 less metallic wash. Flanks, thighs and under tail coverts like rump. 
 Under surface of tail black with faint metallic blue gloss. Under 
 wing coverts and axillaries like breast. Under surface of wing 
 uniform blackish brown. 
 
 Seven males measure as follows: Length, 16.70 inches. Wing, 
 5.90. Tail, 8.49. Culmen, 1.58. Tarsus, 1.65. 
 
 A female measures 19.50 inches in length. Wing, 6.21. Tail, 9.16. 
 Culmen, 1.74. Tarsus, 1.69. 
 
 Habitat: Mindoro. 
 
 The strong, hooked beak of this species is very noticeable. A 
 single specimen was collected by the Steere Expedition, and 
 Dr. Steere has held a manuscript description of it ever since. We 
 obtained a fine series of specimens, and the doctor made over 
 his claim to us. We are indebted to Dr. Steere for the use of much 
 valuable material for comparison and name this species in his honor. 
 It is invariably found in deep forests where it is not uncommon. 
 
 10. lyngipicus menage! sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: General color of upper surface dark blackish brown. 
 Top of head uniform with back. A small spot above and behind eye 
 creamy white. Scarlet stripes on sides of occiput shorter than in I. 
 maculatus and beginning farther back. They are confluent on nape. 
 Behind and under the scarlet stripe is a partially concealed spot of 
 creamy white. Scapulars, interscapulars and back barred with 
 creamy white. Rump creamy white, some of the feathers with nar- 
 row brownish black shaft stripes. Upper tail-coverts brownish 
 black, broadly edged with buffy white. Tail brownish black, paler 
 at base of feathers and with both webs of feathers spotted with 
 pale buff Wing coverts brownish black, each feather having one 
 or two creamy white spots on outer web. Wing brownish black. 
 Outer five primaries with two or three very narrow creamy white
 
 NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS. 15 
 
 spots on outer web, or with no spots at all. Tips of inner primaries 
 and inner webs of all primaries spotted with creamy white Second- 
 aries similarly spotted on both webs. Ear-coverts rusty brown. A 
 creamy white malar stripe extending back of ear-coverls. Chin and 
 narrow stripe down center of throat white, bordered by a broad 
 stripe of brownish black on each side, the tips of feathers forming 
 side stripes being brownish white. Under surface with strong ful- 
 vescent wash. Feathers of upper breast with distinct brownish black 
 shaft marks. Feathers of lower breast and abdomen with ill defined 
 streaks of the same color. Feathers of flanks nearly white, with 
 only slight dark markings. Under tail-coverts yellowish white', with 
 dark shaft stripes. Under surface of tail slightly lighter than upper, 
 but tips of two central pairs of feathers nearly black. Under wing- 
 coverts and axillaries creamy white, spotted with brownish black. 
 Bend of wing uniform brownish black. 
 
 The female lacks the scarlet head markings of the male and the 
 creamy white spot, which is partially concealed in the male, is in the 
 female quite conspicuous. Otherwise the sexes are alike. 
 
 Five males measure in length, 5.84 inches. Culmen, .80. Wing, 8.07 
 Tail, 1.59. Tarsus, .59. Eight females: Length, 5.97. Culmen, .79 
 Wing, 319. Tail, 1.63. Tarsus, 66. Habitat: Sibuy an. 
 
 11. Chibia menagei sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male in worn out plumage. Black. Wings with metallic 
 green gloss. Feathers of head, nape, neck and breast with spangles 
 of metallic blue, broad on crown, elsewhere narrow. Scapulars, 
 interscapulars, back and rump blue-black, with faint metallic gloss. 
 Upper tail coverts more strongly glossed, especially on outer web. 
 Central tail feathers and outer webs of others glossed like the wings. 
 Tail graduated, the outer pair of feathers exceeding the next inner 
 pair by one and one fourth inches and strongly curved upward and in- 
 ward, so that at tip the inner web of feather is turned outward. 
 Neck-hackles considerably elongated. Female like male. None 
 of the specimens show frontal plumes. 
 
 Average measurements of nine males: Length, 13. 25 inches. Cul- 
 men, 1.37. Wing, 5.39. Tail, 6.91. Tarsus, 1. 
 
 Of seven females: Length, 12.87. Culmen, 1.37. Wing, 5.36. Tail, 
 6.69. Tarsus, 1.01. 
 
 This curious species is by far the largest representative of its 
 genus yet discovered in the Philippine Islands, and differs striking- 
 ly from both the other known species, one of which is confined to 
 Palawan and the Calamianes Islands, while the other occurs in the 
 Sulu group and in Cagayan Sulu.
 
 16 HOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 C. menagei seems to be strictly confined to the island of Tablas 
 where it is not rare in the deep woods. 
 
 12. Oriolus cinereogenys sp. nov. 
 
 In uniting the Tawi Tawi birds with O. steerii from Basilan and 
 Mindanao, Dr. Sharp has evidently overlooked the fact that the Tawi 
 Tawi birds invariably have the cheeks and ear-coverts clear ashy 
 grey, while in birds from Basilan and Mindanao they are just as 
 invariably olive green. As we find no exception to this rule among 
 our fourteen specimens from Basilan and twenty from Tawi Tawi 
 we have no hesitation in separating the birds from the latter locality. 
 It may be added that the rump of the Tawi Tawi birds is rather 
 brighter, and the throat decidedly lighter than in Basilan birds. Not 
 one of our Tawi Tawi birds show r s the uniform grey throat of O. 
 steerii. Both species show great variability in the color of under 
 tail coverts. In some specimens they are pure yellow and in others 
 heavily streaked with black. 
 
 Fifteen males from Tawi Tawi measure as follows: Length, 8.01 
 inches. Culmen, .96. Wing, 4.59. Tail, 3.19. Tarsus, .83. 
 
 Habitat: Tawi Tawi. 
 
 13. Oriolus nigrostriatus sp. nov. 
 
 Similar to O. steerii, from which it differs in having the lores, 
 chin, throat and upper breast decidedly darker ashy and the mesial 
 stripes of feathers of breast and abdomen broader and much deeper 
 black, the general color of wing darker and the washing on inner 
 webs of quills white instead of yellow. Rump yellower than in O. 
 steerii, the edges of feathers of rump bright yellow. Wing more 
 like that of O. assimilis than that of O. steerii, only a few of the 
 secondaries and tertiaries having any wash of yellowish green. 
 Lower primary coverts have no yellow wash. Sexes alike. Length, 
 8. 75 inches. Culmen, 1.08. Wing, 4.67. Tail, 3.60. Tarsus, .82. 
 
 The first specimen of this species was obtained by Dr. Steere in 
 the island of Negros in 1874, and was described by Dr. Sharpe 
 Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. i, p. 329 (1877), who called attention to 
 certain differences between it and O. steerii from Basilan but did 
 not care to found a species on such slender evidence as he had at 
 hand. The Steere Expedition obtained a single specimen in Mas- 
 bate, which Dr. Steere incorrectly identified as O. assimilis, a 
 mistake which could not have occurred had he had any specimens of 
 O. assimilis for comparison. Strangely enough the species is far 
 more closely allied to O. steerii than to its geographically much 
 nearer neighbor in Cebu.
 
 NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS. 17 
 
 Habitat: Negros, Masbate. It will doubtless eventually be dis- 
 covered in Panay also. 
 
 14. Aethopyga arolasi sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: Slightly larger than Aethopyga bella. Upper sur- 
 face as in that species. Fore-breast much more broadly streaked 
 with orange. Abdomen and under tail-coverts light lemon yellow, 
 not white. 
 
 Adult female: Above uniform olive green. Does not show the 
 bright yellow rump of Aethopyga bella. Under surface inclin 
 ing to white, but breast, abdomen and under tail-coverts washed 
 with light lemon yellow. 
 
 Average measurements from ten males: Length, 3.44 inches. 
 Culmen, .70. Wing, 1.59. Tail, 1.30. Tarsus, .46. 
 
 Prom four females: Length, 3.26 inches. Culmen, .63. Wing, 
 1.59. Tail, .99. Tarsus, .49. 
 
 Habitat: Tawi Tawi and Sulu. 
 
 We have named this beautiful sun-bird in honor of Brigadier Gen- 
 eral Juan Arolas, for many years governor of the Sulu group, to 
 whom we are indebted for much personal kindness and for assis- 
 tance without which our work in Sulu would have been almost im- 
 possible. 
 
 15. Aethopyga ho nit a sp. nov. 
 
 Above as in Aethopyga arolasi except that the rump is orange 
 yellow instead of sulphur yellow and the metallic spot on forehead 
 is violet instead of metallic green when held away from the light. 
 Chin, throat and fore-breast bright orange yellow, thickly streaked 
 with deep orange red. Mustachial line, sides of face and ear- patch 
 as in Aethopyga arolasi. Lower breast, flanks, abdomen and under 
 tail coverts white, distinctly washed with lemon yellow. Under 
 wing-coverts and inner webs of quills white. Under surface of tail 
 black, tips of some of the feathers grey. 
 
 Adult female: Above olive green, nearly brown on forehead and 
 crown. Rump bright yellow as in Aethopyga bella. Tail and quills 
 brownish black washed with olive brown. Sides of face and ear- 
 coverts ashy grey. Sides of neck olive green. Chin and throat 
 nearly white. Pore breast much darker. Hind-breast, abdomen, 
 flanks and under tail coverts whitish, strongly washed with pale 
 yellow. Under wing-coverts, axillaries and inner webs of quills 
 white. 
 
 Pour males measure as follows: Length, 3.72 inches. Culmen, 
 .72. Wing, 1.72. Tail, 1.28. Tarsus, .56.
 
 18 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 A female measured 3.50 in length. Culmen, .68. Wing, 1.58. 
 Tail, 90. Tarsus, .52. 
 
 Habitat: Negros, Cebu, Masbate. 
 
 This pretty species can be readily distinguished from the last, its 
 nearest ally, by its orange yellow throat with heavier orange red 
 markings. The female also differs from that of Aethopyga arolasi 
 in having a yellow rump. 
 
 16. Aethopyga in hint a sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male. Like Aethopyga arolasi, but smaller, and the throat 
 pure yellow without the faintest trace of orange red. We regret 
 that we are unable to furnish exact measurements because our 
 type specimen, a male in fine plumage disappeared from the col- 
 lection in July, 1894. 
 
 Habitat: Mindoro: 
 
 This tiny species is rare in Mindoro and was seen by us on but 
 two occasions. 
 
 17. Dicaeiim pallid ior sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male. Above exactly like D. dorsale, which by the way has 
 the back slaty blue, not slaty grey, as stated in Cat. B., Vol. x , p. 
 40. Entire under surface yellow, only slightly deeper on the breast, 
 and not rich orange as in D. dorsale. Habitat: Cebu. 
 
 Were it not that we have a large series of birds from Cebu in 
 breeding plumage we should not think of separating the Cebu birds, 
 but with the series of specimens now before us we cannot do other- 
 wise. The almost uniform yellow under surface of D. pallidior, 
 contrasts strongly with the yellow throat and abdomen and bright 
 orange breast of D. dorsale. Young males of D. dorsale show 
 streaks of orange on the breast long before reaching maturity, hence 
 the difference is not a matter of age and, as we have already re- 
 marked, our Cebu birds were in breeding plumage. The female is 
 like that of D. dorsale. 
 
 Measurements of eleven males: Length, 3.50 inches. Culmen, .55. 
 Wing, 1.92. Tail, 1.03. Tarsus, .51. 
 
 Of four females: Length, 3.31. Wing, 1.88. Tail, .98. Tarsus, 49. 
 
 18. DicjuMi in sibuyanica sp. nov. 
 
 A well marked species of the D. dorsale type and the largest rep- 
 resentative of this type yet discovered in the Philippine islands. A 
 very noticeable characteristic is that fully adult birds always have 
 the base of the lower mandible whitish as do the young of most 
 other species of the genus.
 
 NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS. 19 
 
 Adult male: Upper surface as in D. dorsale but the rump quite 
 heavily washed with olive green. Chin, throat and upper breast 
 light bluish ashy grey, slightly paler on the chin and without the 
 yellow of D. besti. Two of our specimens, however, show a faint 
 trace of yellow on the chin. Rest of under surface yellow, slightly 
 deeper on breast as in D. pallidior. Flanks, abdomen and under tail 
 coverts much paler. Under wing-coverts, axillaries and inner webs 
 of quills white. 
 
 Adult female: Upper surface as in D. besti. Chin, throat and up- 
 per breast grey, washed with yellow. Rest of under surface pale 
 greenish yellow, somewhat brighter along center of breast and ab- 
 domen, but not nearly as bright as in female of D. besti. Bill as in 
 male. 
 
 Average measurements from nine males: Length, 3.9 inches. Cul- 
 men, .59. Wing, 2.08. Tail, 1.03. Tarsus, ..53. From two females: 
 Length, 3.81. Culmen, .61. Wing, 1.96. Tail, .97. Tarsus, .55. 
 
 Habitat: Sibuyan. 
 
 19. Dicaeum intermedia sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: Above as in D. dorsale. Rump shows very little 
 olive green wash. Chin and throat ashy grey uniformly washed 
 with pale yellow. Remainder of under surface as in D. sibuyanica. 
 Bill black. 
 
 Adult female: Above like female of D. sibuyanica. Below dirty 
 olive yellow, somewhat brighter on the abdomen. Bill paler than in 
 male. 
 
 Habitat: Romblon, Tablas. It may ultimately prove that the 
 Tablas birds are distinct, the four specimens secured by us in that 
 island having a much heavier wash of yellow on the throat than the 
 Romblon birds. 
 
 Five males from Romblon measure 3. 75 inches in length. Culmen, 
 .55. Wing, 2.08. Tail, 1.09. Tarsus, .52. Three females from Tab- 
 las measure 3.62 inches in length. Culmen, .55. Wing, 1.92. 
 Tail, 1.02. Tarsus, .52. 
 
 20. Dicaeum assimilis sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: Above exactly like D. sibutense, but chin, throat and 
 fore breast very much lighter than sides of face, being clear ashy 
 grey, as in D. trigonostigma. As Dr. Sharpe expressly states that 
 this is not the case in D. sibutense but that the latter species has 
 the throat like the sides of the face and head, it is evident that t 
 Sulu and Tawi Tawi (?) birds belong to a distinct species having the 
 back of D. sibutense and the under surface of D. trigonosti
 
 20 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 Female like that of D. sibutense, but with the throat, upper breast 
 and sides of face light ashy grey, uniformly washed with yellow. 
 The plate in Ibis seems to show a faint orange mark on the back of 
 the female of D, sibutense, though no such marking is described in 
 the text. If this is the case the female of D. sibutense differs from 
 that of every other Philippine representative of the genus. 
 
 A male from Sulu measures 3. 50 inches in length. Culmen, 53. 
 Wing, 2.04. Tail, .97. Tarsus, .53. 
 
 Two females from the same locality measure 3.31 in length. Cul- 
 men, .50. Wing, 1.98. Tail, .97. Tarsus. .48. 
 
 Habitat: Sulu, Tawi Tawi (?). Wehave only females fromTawi 
 Tawi and cannot be quite sure of the identification. 
 
 21. Prionochilus aerughiosus sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male in poor plumage. Upper surface light rusty brown, 
 washed with olive yellow on rump, upper tail coverts, outer webs 
 of secondaries and tail feathers. Ear coverts and sides of neck 
 lighter than crown. Lores, like side of head, bordered above and 
 below by narrow, creamy white stripes reaching to eye. A creamy 
 white malar stripe is separated from these and from the throat by 
 light brown stripes of about the same width. Throat white. All 
 the feathers with broad brown shaft markings extending to their 
 tips give the breast a strongly striped appearance. Stripes be- 
 come less sharply defined on the flanks and disappear almost en- 
 tirely on the abdomen. Under tail-coverts creamy white with dark 
 ill-defined brown spots. Under wing-coverts and axillaries creamy 
 white. Inner webs of quills ashy grey, outer webs and tips blackish 
 brown. Female like the male but with less olive yellow above. 
 Young like female but lacking the distinct markings on the under 
 surface. 
 
 Measurements from three males: Length, 4.25 inches. Culmen, 
 .45. Wing, 2.60. Tail, 1.42. Tarsus, .57. 
 
 A female measures 4.00 in length. Culmen, .53. Wing, 2.44. Tail, 
 1.28. Tarsus, .53. Habitat: Cebu, Mindanao. 
 
 22. Prionochilus bicolor sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: Entire upper surface deep black, with faint metallic 
 blue gloss. Entire under surface, including under wing coverts, ax- 
 illaries and inner webs of quills, white. Bases of feathers of breast, 
 flanks and abdomen slaty black. Bill, legs and feet black. Iris 
 red. Length, 3 25 inches. Wing, 1.98. Tail, .96. Culmen, .42. Tar 
 sus, .56. Habitat: Mindanao. 
 
 Found in the hills back of Ayala, near Zamboanga.
 
 NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS. 21 
 
 23. Zosterops siquijorensis sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: Above light olive yellow, brighest on crown and 
 rump. Wing coverts and broad margin on all the quills except last 
 uniform with the back. Tail brown, central pair of feathers washed 
 on both webs, and the others on the outer webs, with olive yellow. 
 Ear coverts, sides of face and sides of neck slightly lighter than 
 crown of head Ring around eye silky white. No black stripe 'un- 
 der eye as in Z. everetti. Lores and forehead bright yellow. Chin, 
 throat and upper breast bright yellow as in Z. meyeni. Breast', 
 flanks and abdomen clear ashy grey, lighter than in Z. everetti. A 
 narrow stripe of yellow down center of breast and abdomen. Under 
 tail-coverts bright yellow. Under wing-coverts, axillaries and in- 
 ner webs of quills white. Bend of wing tinged with yellow. Sexes 
 alike. Iris brown. Legs and feet very light brown. Upper man- 
 dible brown. Lower yellowish. 
 
 A male from Siquijor measures as follows: Wing, 2.16. Tail, 
 1.51. Culmen, 1.55. Tarsus, 1.57. 
 
 Two females measure: Length not taken. Wing 2.13. Tail 1.53. 
 Culmen, .56. Tarsus, .56. Habitat: Siquijor. 
 
 Singularly enough the Siquijor Zosterops differs sharply from the 
 Zosterops of the neighboring island, Cebu, and more nearly resemb- 
 les Z. meyeni of Luzon. It differs from Z. meyeni in its larger size 
 and in the different color of the under surface. 
 
 24. H.vloterpe winchelli sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: General color of upper surface umber brown. Head 
 faintly but appreciably darker. Outer webs of quills washed with 
 light umber. Rest of quills dark fulvous brown. Tail like back, or 
 slightly darker. Shafts of tail-feathers become darker on terminal 
 half. Lores, sides of face, ear-coverts and sides of hind neck slight- 
 ly lighter than head. Chin and throat greyish white. Sides of 
 breast and fore-breast washed with light umber brown, as are the 
 flanks. Rest of under surface white. Feathers of thighs dark 
 brown, heavily tipped with white. Under surface of tail dark brown. 
 Shafts white for entire length. Under wing coverts and axillaries 
 and inner webs of quills white. Iris brown. Bill black. Legs and 
 feet light slaty brown. 
 
 Average measurements of six males: Length, 6.50 inches. Wing, 
 3.24 Tail, 2.66. Tarsus, .75 Sexes alike. 
 
 Habitat: Panay, Masbate, Negros. 
 
 This species is named in honor of Mr. Horace V.Winchell, through 
 whom interest ir. our proposed expedition was first awakened.
 
 22 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 25. Hyloterpe major sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: General color exactly as in H. winchelli from which 
 it differs in having the white of the throat less sharply defined and 
 in its much larger size. 
 
 Four males from Cebu measure 7.31 in length. Wing, 3.70. Tail, 
 2.97. Culmen, .80. Tarsus, .88. 
 
 Three females from the same locality measure 7.00 inches in 
 in length. Wing, 3.69. Tail, 2.83. Culmen, .79. Tarsus, .87. 
 
 Three males from Tablas measure in length 7.00 inches. Wing, 
 3.40. Tail, 2,79. Culmen, .75. Tarsus, .89. 
 
 Habitat: Cebu, Tablas, Sibuyan. 
 
 It will be noticed that the Tablas birds are slightly smaller than 
 those from Cebu. The same holds true of the Sibuyan birds. We 
 note also that the Cebu birds have the feathers of the thighs dark 
 brown faintly tipped with white while Sibuyan birds have the 
 same feathers light brown heavily tipped with white. The under 
 tail-coverts in the Cebu birds are usually not white but are washed 
 with brown, in one case heavily; but we note a good deal of variation 
 in the color of under parts in birds from the same locality, also that 
 the largest of our Tablas- Sibuyan birds are larger than the smallest 
 of the Cebu birds, hence do not think they can be specifically sepa- 
 rated. The distribution is curious, as H. winchelli comes between; 
 but this is only one of several instances of relationship between 
 Cebu and the Tablas -Romblon-Sibuy an group. 
 
 26. Hyloterpe mindorensis sp. nov. 
 
 Adult female. Above brown washed with olive yellow, faintly on 
 head, more heavily on back, the rump bright olive yellow. Scapu- 
 lars, wing-coverts and outer webs of tertiaries heavily washed with 
 olive yellow changing to olive brown on secondaries and primaries. 
 Tail olive yellow above and below, brighter on basal half. Shafts 
 of feathers above brown, below bright yellow. Lores and sides of 
 face ashy brown. Ear-coverts with distinct light shaft stripes. 
 Chin, throat and upper breast ashy grey, changing to olive brown 
 on sides of neck, breast and upper breast. Lower breast and 
 abdomen yellowish white. Flanks grey washed with olive brown. 
 Under tail coverts light yellow. Axillaries, under wing-coverts 
 and edges of inner webs of quills whitish. Length, 6.50 inches. 
 Culmen, .70. Wing, 3.09. Tail, 2.60. Tarsus, .84. 
 
 Habitat: Mindoro.
 
 NEW SPECIES OP BIRDS. 23 
 
 27. Cryptolopha flavigularis sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male. Above bright olive green. Head like back. All 
 the wing feathers broadly edged with olive green. Tail olive green 
 above, the inner webs of the outer three pairs of feathers narrowly 
 edged with bright yellow. Shafts dark brown above. A bright 
 yellow superciliary line extending from base of bill to ear. A simi- 
 lar line below eye and not extending beyond it. Lores olive brown. 
 Sides of face and ear-coverts light olive yellow with lighter yellow 
 shaft markings. Chin, throat and upper breast white heavily 
 washed with light yellow. Rest of under surface whitish streaked 
 with light yellow. Under tail coverts yellow, shafts white. Under 
 surface of tail olive green, shafts pure white. Axillaries, under 
 wing coverts, inner edge of quills, yellowish white. Bend of wing 
 light yellow. Length, 5.00. Wing. 2 29. Tail, 1.88. Culmen, .63. 
 Tarsus, .72. 
 
 Legs, feet and nails very light brown. Upper mandible dark 
 brown, lower light brown. 
 
 Habitat: Cebu. 
 
 The specimen described is in breeding plumage. 
 
 28. Geocichla cinerea sp. nov. 
 
 Entire upper surface very dark ashy, nearly black. Tail and tips 
 of wing feathers rusty brown. Wing coverts brownish black, each 
 tipped with a large spot of white, these spots forming two irregular 
 wing bars. Lores whitish. Spot under eye brownish black. Chin 
 and center of throat white. A broad line of brownish black extends 
 from the gape to the breast where it joins a large patch of black 
 formed by feathers the bases of which are white. Rest of under 
 surface white, the feathers of sides of breast and flanks with narrow 
 black tips. Center of lower breast and abdomen as well as under 
 tail 'coverts unspotted. A slight tawny wash on flanks. Axillaries 
 white tipped with ashy grey. Under wing coverts ashy grey 
 tipped with white. A prominent spot of white on inner web of each 
 secondary, the spots together forming a patch. Bend of wing 
 white. Wing, 4.40. Tail, 2.86. Culmen, .91. Tarsus, .98. 
 
 Habitat: Mindoro. 
 
 29. Cittocincla superciliaris sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: Entire upper surface, sides of head, chin, throat 
 and fore- breast glossy black. A broad superciliary stripe of pure 
 white begins in front of eye, tapering to a point on the hind-neck 
 where it approaches, but does not meet, the stripe of other side.
 
 24 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 Central pair of tail-feathers shows faint traces of bars by reflected 
 light. Under surface pure white. Bend of wing white. Outer 
 tail feathers, which are but half grown, tipped with white. Iris 
 very dark brown. Legs and feet almost white. Bill coal black. 
 
 A young male, nearly adult, has a few white feathers on chin and 
 throat and a faint wash of light buff on the flanks. A much 
 younger bird has many of the feathers of the back tipped with 
 rusty brown and the greater wing coverts and quills washed with 
 the same color. Chin and throat almost pure white. An ill denned 
 black collar. The entire under surface washed with light buff, 
 deeper on the flanks. 
 
 Adult male: Length, 6.87. Wing, 3.10. Tail, 2 80. Culmen, .76. 
 Tarsus, .86. 
 
 Habitat: Masbate. 
 
 This well marked species is extremely rare in Masbate. It feeds 
 in dense thickets in the deep woods and we never heard it utter a 
 note. The Luzon bird, C. luzoniensis, has a superciliary stripe but 
 this stripe is not nearly so broad as in this species and as the 
 strongly marked superciliary line is one of the most noticeable 
 characters of the Masbate bird we have named it accordingly. 
 
 30. Ptilocichla minuta sp. nov. 
 
 Sexes alike. Feathers of the head and nape black, with heavy 
 rufous brown shaft lines. Feathers of back and upper wing coverts 
 bright reddish brown, with conspicuous nearly white shaft mark- 
 ings for their entire length. Tips of feathers black. The elon- 
 gated feathers of back which reach to tail-coverts with white shafts 
 and white shaft markings broad at base and narrowing at tip, edges 
 and extreme tips of feathers being dark rich fulvous brown. Upper 
 tail coverts rufous brown. Tail feathers fulvous brown edged with 
 rufous brown. Wing feathers rufous brown. Lores white. A su- 
 perciliary line of white extending as far as hind neck. Ear-coverts 
 fulvous with light shaft stripes, the latter becoming rufous on 
 hind- neck. A malar stripe of black. Chin and throat pure white. 
 Feathers of breast and abdomen have very broad white shaft 
 stripes, giving a streaked appearance to the under surface. Feathers 
 of flanks much elongated, light fulvous brown with distinct white 
 shaft stripes, broadest at base. Under tail-coverts colored like 
 flanks. Under surface of wing fulvous brown, brighter on coverts. 
 Readily distinguished from P. basilanica by having all the feath- 
 ers of back, head, rump and upper wing-coverts with prominent 
 shaft lines, by the darker color of the long feathers of the back and
 
 NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS. 25 
 
 its much smaller size. Sexes alike. Exceedingly rare. Length 
 5.37. Wing, 2.71. Tail, 1.64 Culmen, 7.41. Tarsus, .96 
 Habitat: Samar. 
 
 31: lole cinereiceps sp. nov. 
 
 Sexes alike. Pointed feathers of head olive brown at base, strongly 
 washed with ashy grey, and with nearly black shaft stripes, giving 
 the whole upper surface of the head a nearly uniform grey color. 
 Sides of face ear coverts, hind neck, back, rump and upper wing- 
 coverts olive brown. Upper t dl-coverts and tail blackish brown, 
 edges of feathers washed with olive brown. Chin and throat yel- 
 lowish white, the feathers with very distinct pure white shaft mark- 
 ings. Fore-breast and sides of breast light olive brown, the feathers 
 with distinct white shaft markings. Flanks light olive brown with 
 faint white shaft markings. Center of breast, abdomen, and under 
 tail coverts uniform yellowish white. Under surface of tail ashy 
 white, shafts pure white. Under wing coverts and axillaries yel- 
 lowish white, darker than abdomen. Under surface of quills like 
 under surface of tail, 
 
 Averasre of nineteen males: Length. 11.33 inches. Wing, 5.15. 
 Tail, 4.53. Tarsus, .88. Culmen, 1 39. Of four females : Length, 
 10.78. Wing, 4.80. Tail, 4.29, Culmen, 1.39. Tarsus, .86. 
 
 Iris dark brown. Legs, feet and nails dark brown. Bill dark 
 brown in some specimens, black in others. 
 
 Habitat: Tablas, Romblon. 
 
 This fine lole is the largest Philippine representative of the genus. 
 Its nearest allies are lole siquijorensis and lole monticola. It is a 
 woods bird very rarely met with in the open. 
 
 32. lole monticola sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male. Crown and nape blackish brown, feathers of fore- 
 crown and forehead washed with ashy grey. Upper surface of body 
 rusty brown. Feathers of back and scapulars with distinct lighter 
 shaft markings. Outer quills of wing washed with rusty brown. 
 Rest of wing light fulvous brown. Feathers of lower back, rump 
 and upper tail-coverts distinctly washed with olive green. Feathers 
 of tail like wing but faintly edged with olive green on outer webs. 
 Shafts light brown. Lores whitish. Ear coverts rufous brown 
 with distinct lighter shaft markings. Sides of face somewhat 
 lighter but also with distinct shaft markings. Chin and throat 
 tawny white, the feathers with light shaft markings. Fore-breast 
 and sides of breast rusty brown fading into tawny white on breast, 
 all the feathers with well defined white shaft markings. Abdomen
 
 26 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 creamy white. Flanks and under tail coverts light fulvous brown. 
 Under surface of tail greyish white, shafts pure white. Axillaries 
 and under wing-coverts yellowish white. Under surface of wing 
 like that of tail. Darker at tip of feathers. Iris, legs, feet and 
 nails dark brown. Bill nearly black. Four males average 8.62 
 inches in length. Wing, 3.94. Tail, 3.53. Culmen, .98. Tarsus, .72. 
 
 Four females measure 8.09 inches in length. Wing, 3.69. Tail, 
 3.29. Culmen, .98. Tarsus, .70. Habitat: Cebu. 
 
 lole monticola differs from lole siquijorensis its nearest ally in 
 its more ruddy upper surface, its lighter head with a wash of ashy 
 grey on front of crown, in its lighter ear-coverts and tawny throat 
 and in its lighter under wing and tail coverts. 
 
 So far as our observation goes it is a highland form. It was in- 
 variably met with by us in the forest on the tops and sides of the 
 hills in central Cebu and was never seen in open or flat country. 
 
 33. Muscicapula samarensis sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: Top of head, sides of face, ear- coverts and hind 
 neck nearly black. Back, rump and upper wing- coverts uniform 
 dark slaty blue. Quills and tail fulvous brown slightly washed 
 with slaty blue. Chin and throat white. Entire breast bluish grey, 
 lightest on center of breast. Abdomen white. Flanks washed with 
 bluish grey. Under wing-coverts light buff nearly white at base. 
 Sides dark slate color as are under wing-coverts and axillaries the 
 latter, however, mottled with white. A superciliary stripe of 
 white beginning over eye and extending to nape, then inward, nearly 
 reaches the median line. Sexes alike. Iris very dark brown. Bill 
 black. Legs, feet and nails very light brown. Measurements from 
 four males: Length, 4.67. Wing, 2.41. Tail, 1.49. Culmen, .59. 
 Tarsus, .79. 
 
 The specimens described are in breeding plumage. They were 
 shot close to, or on the ground in dense thickets in the deep woods. 
 
 This species is closely allied to M. mindanensis Bias from which 
 it differs in its darker head, lighter tail, and much larger supercili- 
 ary stripe. None of our specimens show a white bar on the rump 
 but we find the Mindanao Basilan birds variable in this respect. 
 
 Habitat: Samar. 
 
 84. Rliipidura sauli sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: Head, crown and nape dull bluish grey, each of the 
 feathers of crown with a narrow decidedly lighter shaft mark, lack- 
 ing in feathers of nape and mantle. Back, rump, upper tail-coverts, 
 scapulars and upper wing-coverts chestnut. Wing black. Ter-
 
 NEW SPECIES OF lilRDS. l'7 
 
 tiaries and secondaries heavily edged with chestnut. Primaries 
 lightly edged with same color. Central pair of tail-feathers black, 
 faintly edged with chestnut on basal half and with shafts black! 
 Next pair have inner webs black, outer webs chestnut, shafts black 
 on inner side, chestnut on outer. Rest of feathers of tail including 
 shafts chestnut above and below. Sides of face, ear-coverts, chin. 
 throat and upper breast bluish grey like the mantle. Feathers of 
 breast with distinct lighter shaft markings. Feathers of lower breast 
 gradually changing to the chestnut of abdomen. Flanks, under 
 tail-coverts and thighs chestnut. Axillaries and under wing-cov- 
 erts bluish grey at base, heavily tipped with chestnut. Inner webs 
 of quills tipped with chestnut. Female like male but paler. Iris 
 dark brown. Legs and feet vary from light to very dark slaty 
 brown. Nails blackish. Bill black, except base of lower mandible 
 which is grey. Twelve males average 7.25 inches in length. Wing, 
 3.30. Tail, 3.59. Culmen, .65. Tarsus, .71. Three females: Length, 
 6.87. Wing, 3.00. Tail, 3.27. Culmen, .64. Tarsus, .74. 
 
 Habitat: Tablas. 
 
 Another ornithological puzzle of the Tablas-Romblon-Sibuyan 
 group. It seems to be confined to Tablas where it is common in 
 deep forests. It differs from R. cyaniceps, its nearest ally, in its 
 larger size and darker blue head and in having the ochraceous buff 
 of under parts replaced by deep chestnut. We have named this 
 species in honor of our friend Geo. M. Saul Esq., of Ilo Ilo, to 
 whom we are greatly indebted for much kindness and courtesy shown 
 to us during both of our visits to the Philippine islands. 
 
 35. Kliinomyias albigularis sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: General color above ochraceous brown, duller on 
 head, much brighter on rump, becoming chestnut on the tips of up- 
 per tail coverts. Upper wing coverts like back. Quills nearly black 
 washed with rusty brown on outer webs, this wash changing to 
 whitish on the primaries. Upper surface of tail dull chestnut, the 
 feathers becoming almost black at tips. Lores grey. Ear- coverts 
 and sides of hind -neck like crown. A ring of feathers around eye 
 slightly lighter. Chin and entire throat white. Entire breast light 
 olive brown. Flanks washed with same color. Abdomen pure 
 white. Under tail-coverts white, light brown at tips. Under wing- 
 coverts, axillaries and inner webs of quills buffy white. Bend of 
 
 wing olive brown. Length in skin inches. Culmen, .71. Wing, 
 
 3.47. Tail, 2.68. Tarsus, .75. 
 
 Habitat: Negros, Guimaras. 
 
 The white throat contrasts strongly with the brown of neck and 
 breast and at once distinguishes this species from all other Philip-
 
 28 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES, 
 
 pine representatives of the genus. R. albigulari s is a deep woods 
 form and is extremely rare in the localities visited by us. 
 
 36. Rliynomyias occularis sp. nov. 
 
 Adult male: General color above uniform olive brown, slightly 
 brighter on the rump. Tail dark chestnut, much brighter on outer 
 webs of feathers which are very dull at tips. Wing- coverts like 
 back. Quills brownish black washed with rusty brown, this be- 
 coming whitish on first two or three primaries. Lores buffy white. 
 A ring of short feathers around eye chestnut. Ear coverts and 
 sides of hind-neck fulvous brown, the former with lighter shaft 
 stripes. Center of throat and fore-breast white, greyish along sides. 
 Breast and flanks washed with light fulvous brown. Abdomen and 
 under tail-coverts white, the latter faintly tipped with brown. 
 Thighs olive brown. Under wing coverts and axillaries whitish. 
 Inner webs of secondaries edged with buffy white. Sexes alike. 
 The peculiar ring of feathers around the eye forms a noticeable char- 
 acter by which this species is readily distinguished from other Phil- 
 ippine representatives of the genus. Iris brown. Bill light slaty 
 brown. Feet slaty brown, nails darker. Sexes alike. Measure- 
 ments from five males: Length, 597 inches. Wing, 2.97. Tail, 
 2.60. Culmen, .69. Tarsus, .72. From four females : Length, 6 08. 
 Wing, 3.09. Tail, 2.60. Culmen, .72. Tarsus, .73. 
 
 Habitat: Sulu, Tawi Tawi. 
 
 Food usually insects but two specimens had been eating fruit 
 when shot. 
 
 Feeling an especial interest in the Zoo- geographical problems 
 suggested by the previously ascertained facts in regard to the dis- 
 tribution within the group of the resident land birds we worked out 
 as carefully as possible the distribution of all the species of birds 
 and mammals met with. Following is a list of the species for which 
 new localities were determined. As has already been stated, Mr. A. 
 Everett visited Tawi Tawi some months after our departure from that 
 island. Species found thereby him as well as ourselves are marked 
 with a star placed after the name of the island. We found Dr. Platen 
 in Mindoro on our arrival there and it would seem that the large col- 
 lections made by him in this interesting island must long since have
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY KNOWN. 09 
 
 been described, but we have been unable to ascertain where and 
 must therefore apologize in advance if we seem to claim credit for 
 any of his discoveries. Any corrections as regards the matter of 
 priority will be gladly received and incorporated, with due acknow- 
 ledgment, in our later and more complete paper. 
 
 III. 
 
 NEW LOCALITIES FOR SPECIES PREVIOUSLY KNOWN 
 FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 
 
 1. Megapodius cumingi Dillwyn; Grant, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxii, 
 p 449. (1893). TawiTawi, Sulu, Samar. Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan. 
 
 2. Excalfactoria lineata (Scop.); Grant, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxii, 
 p. 253 (1893). Panay, Cebu, Masbate, Calamianes. 
 
 3. Gallus gallus (Linn.); Grant, Cat. B, Brit. Mus. xxii, p. 344. 
 (1893). Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, Mas- 
 bate, Negros. 
 
 4. Turnix fasciata (Temm.); Grant, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxii, p. 
 535 (1893). Masbate, Panay, Sibuyan, Calamianes. 
 
 5. Osmotreron vernans (Linn.); Salvad., Cat. B, Brit. Mus xxi, 
 p. 60. (1893). Negros, Masbate, Calamianes. 
 
 6. Osmotreron axillaris (G. R Gr.); Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 
 xxi, p. 48, pi. iv. (1893). Tawi Tawi, Siquijor. 
 
 7. Phabotreron nigrorum Sharpe; Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 
 xxi, p. 68. (1893). Masbate, Tablas, Sibuyan. 
 
 8. Phabotreron brevirostris Tweed. ; Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 
 xxi, p. 89. (1893). Siquijor. 
 
 9. Ptilopu=s occipitalis (G. R. Gr.); Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 
 xvi, p. 72. (1893). Samar, Mindoro. 
 
 10. Ptilopus leclancheri (Bp.); Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus., xxi, 
 p. 80. (1893). Tablas, Calamianes. 
 
 11. Ptilopus bangueyensis Meyer; Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xxi. p. 143 (1893). Tawi Tawi.* 
 
 12. Carpophaga aenea (Linn.); Salvadori, Cat B. Brit. Mus. xxi. 
 p. 190 (1893). Samar, Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Tablas, Sibuyan, 
 Panay, Siquijor.
 
 30 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 13. Carpophaga poliocephala G. R. Gr. ; Salvad., Cat. B. vol 
 xxi. p. 208 (1893). Panay. Cebu, Samar. 
 
 14. Myristicivora bicolor (Scop.); Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxi. p. 227 
 (1893). Mindoro, Masbate, Tawi Tawi. 
 
 15. Macropygia tenuirostris G. R. Gr.; Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. 
 Mus. p. 346 (1893). Masbate, Mindoro, Tawi Tawi. 
 
 16. Turtur dussumieri (Temm.); Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxi. 
 p. 423 (1893). Basilan, Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Tablas, Romblon, 
 Sibuyan. 
 
 17. Chalcophaps indica (Linn.) Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxi. p. 
 514 (1893). Samar, Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Mindoro, Siquijor, Ta- 
 blas, Romblon, Sibuyan. 
 
 18. Phlogoenas crinigera (Rchnb.); Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xxi. p. 587 (1893). Samar. 
 
 19. Caloenas nicobarica (Linn.); Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxi. 
 p. 615 (1893). Tawi Tawi, Sulu, Negros. 
 
 227 (1875). Siquijor. 
 
 20. Hypotaenidia striata (Linn.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xxiii. p. 33 (1894). Siquijor, Calamianes. 
 
 21. Hypotaenidia torquata (Linn.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xiii. p. 43 (1894). Mindoro, Romblon, Siquijor, Masbate. 
 
 22. Rallina euryzonoides (Lafresn.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xxiii. p. 78, pi. viii. fig. 1. Luzon, Panay, Mindoro. 
 
 23. Poliolimnas cinereus (Vieill. ) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiii. 
 p. 130(1894). Luzon, Basilan, Mindoro, Panay, Negros. 
 
 24. Amaurornis olivacea (Meyen) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiii 
 p. 153 (1894). Panay, Samar, Cebu. 
 
 25. Amaurornis phoenicura (Forst.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xxiii. p. 156 (1894). Tawi Tawi, Basilan, Siquijor, Mindoro, Cala- 
 mianes. 
 
 26. Gallinula chloropus (Linn.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xxiii. p. 169 (1894). Guimaras, Panay, Mindoro. 
 
 27. Gallicrex cinerea (Gm.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiii. p. 
 183 (1894). Mindoro, Panay, Masbate, Cebu, Mindanao. 
 
 28. Porphyrio pulverulentus (Demm.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. 
 Mus. xxiii. p. 507 (1894). Mindoro. 
 
 29. Hydrochelidon hybrida (Pall.) Tweed., P. Z. S. 1877, p. 551 
 Luzon, Samar, Mindanao. Sulu, Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Tablas, 
 Romblon, Sibuyan, Panay, Guimaras, Negros, Masbate, Cebn, Siquijor.
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY KNOWN. 31 
 
 30. Sterna bergii Licht.; Tweed., P. Z. S. 1877, p. 551. Luzon 
 Samar, Sulu, Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan' 
 Panay, Guimaras, Negros, Masbate, Cebu, Siquijor. 
 
 31. Sterna sinensis Gm.; Whiteh., Ibis, 1890, p. 60. Miadoro. 
 
 32. Sterna leucoptera Meisn. & Schweiz.; Vog., Schweiz p G4 
 (1815). Mindanao. 
 
 33. Charadrius fulvus Gm.; Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 220 
 (1875). Calamianes, Sibuyan, Masbate. 
 
 34. Aegialitis geoffroyi (Wagl); Wald., Trans. Zool. Soc ix p 
 
 227 (1875). 
 
 35. Aegialitis dubia (Scop.); Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 227 
 (1875). Negros. 
 
 36. Aegialitis mongolica (Pall.); Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. 
 p. 227(1875). Negros. 
 
 37. Strepsiias interpres (Linn.); Tweed., P. Z S. 1878, p. 711. 
 Siquijor, Masbate. 
 
 38. Gallinago megala Swinh ; Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix, p. 
 235 (1875). Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Sibuyan, Panay, Masbate, Ne- 
 gros, Siquijor. 
 
 39. Rhynchaea capensis (Linn.); Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. 
 p. 235 (1875). Panay, Siquijor. 
 
 40. Tringa crassirostris T. & S. Negros. 
 
 41. Tringa ruficollis Pallas. Whiteh., Ibis, 1890, p. 59. Negros, 
 Ceba. 
 
 42. Tringa subarquata Guldenst. Negros. 
 
 43. Tringoides hypoleucus (Linn.); Tweed., P. Z. S. 1877, p 703. 
 Samar, Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Masbate. 
 
 44. Totanus calidris (Linu.); Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc., ix, p. 
 234 (1875). Cebu. 
 
 45. Totanus glareola (Linn. ) ; Blasius, Ornis, 1888, p. 320. Cal- 
 amianes, Siquijor, Cebu. 
 
 46. Terekia cinerea (Giild.); Tweed., P. Z. S. 1878, p. 711. 
 Masbate. 
 
 47. Ardea purpurea (Linn.); Wald , Trans. Zool. Soc., ix. p. 338 
 (1875). Calamianes, Tawi Tawi, Tablas, Mindoro, Palawan. 
 
 48. Herodias garzetta (Linn.); Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc., ix. p. 
 237 (1875). Panay, Siquijor. 
 
 BIO-AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA 9250;
 
 32 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 49. Herodias intermedia (Wagl.); Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix, 
 p. 237 (1875). Mindoro. 
 
 50. Demiegretta sacra (Gm ); Tweed., P. Z. S. 1877, p. 551, 
 Sharpe, Ibis, 1894, p. 244. Siquijor, Masbate, Panay, Mindoro. 
 
 51. Bubulcus coromandus (Bodd ); Walden, Trans, Zool. Soc. ix, 
 p. 237 (1875). Tablas, Masbate. 
 
 52. Butorides javanica (Horsf.); Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix, p. 
 237 (1875). Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Mindoro, Tablas, Sibuyan, 
 Masbate, Siquijor. 
 
 53. Ardetta flavicollis (Lath.); Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc, ix, p. 
 
 236 (1875). Cebu. 
 
 54. Ardetta cinnatnomea (Gm.) ; Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix, p. 
 
 237 (1875). Cebu, Tawi Tawi, Tablas. 
 
 55. Ardetta sinensis (Gm. ); Walden, Trans, Zool. Soc. ix. p. 237 
 (1875). Mindoro, Panay, Tablas. 
 
 56. Gorsachius melanolophus (Raffl.) ; Walden Trans. Zool. Soc. 
 ix. p. 238 (1875). Masbate, Cebu, Siquijor. 
 
 57. Nycticorax manillensis Vig. ; Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. 
 p. 238(1875). Samar, Tawi Tawi, Tablas, Sibuyan, Panay, Mas- 
 bate, Siquijor. 
 
 58. Melanopelargus episcopus (Bodd.); Tweed., P. Z. S. 1878, p. 
 953. Masbate, Panay, Mindoro. 
 
 59. Anas luzonica Fraser; Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 242 
 (1875). Panay, Masbate. 
 
 60. Dendrocygna vagans Eyton; Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. 
 p. 242 (1875). Mindoro, Panay, Masbate. 
 
 61. Fregata minor (Gm.); Whiteh., Ibis, 1890, p. 61. Negros 
 Mindanao. 
 
 62. Circus philippinensis Steere; List B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 
 7(1890). Negros. 
 
 63. Astur trivirgatus (Temm.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 
 105 (1874). Samar. 
 
 64. Accipiter virgatus (Temm.j; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 1. p. 
 150 (1874). Mindanao, Siquijor. 
 
 65. Accipiter manillensis Meyen; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1884, 
 p. 330. Guimaras. 
 
 66. Spizaetus limnaetus (Horsf.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 
 272 (1874). Calamianes.
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY KNOWN. 33 
 
 67. Spizaetus philippensis Gurney; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. 
 p. 261 (1874). Siquijor. 
 
 68. Spilornis holospilus (Vig.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 
 293 (1874). Sulu, Tawi Tawi. Masbate, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan. 
 
 69. Spilornis bacha (Baud.); Whiteh., Ibis, 1890, p. 42. Calami- 
 anes. 
 
 70. Butastur indicus (Gm.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vol. i. p. 
 297 (1874). Calamianes, Tawi Tawi, Sulu, Masbate, Samar. 
 
 71. Haliaetus leucogaster (Gm.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 
 307 (1874). Tawi Tawi, Sulu, Basilan, Luzon, Mindoro, Calamia- 
 nes, Masbate, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, Siquijor. 
 
 72. Haliastur intermedius Gurney; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. 
 p. 314 (1874). Basilan, Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Mindoro, Tablas, 
 Romblon, Sibuyan, Masbate. 
 
 73. Elanus hypoleucus Gould; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 
 338 (1874). Tawi Tawi, Calamianes. 
 
 74. Pernis ptilonorhynchus (Temm.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 i. p. 347 (1874). Cebu, Sibuyan. 
 
 75. Baza leucopais Sharpe; Whiteh., Ibis, 1890, p. 43, pi. ii. 
 Samar, Romblon. 
 
 76. Microhierax erythrogenys (Vig.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 i. p. 469 (1874). Samar, Mindoro. 
 
 77. Falco severus Horsf. ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 397 
 (1874). Cebu, Siquijor, Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Romblon, Sibuyan. 
 
 78. Polioaetus icthyaetus (Horsf.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 i. p. 452 (1874). Mindoro, Basilan, Calamianes. 
 
 79. Ninox lugubris (Tick.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 154 
 (1875). Masbate, Sulu. 
 
 80. Ninox japonica (P. & S. ); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 325. Cebu. 
 
 81. Ninox philippensis Bp.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 167 
 (1875). Masbate. 
 
 82. Strix Candida Tick. ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 308 
 (1875). Calamianes. 
 
 83. Eurystomus orientalis (Linn.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xvii. p. 33, pi. ii. fig. i. (1892). Tawi Tawi, Calaimanes, Tablas, 
 Romblon, Sibuyan. 
 
 84. Pelargopsis gouldi Sharpe; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii. p. 100 
 (1892). Calamianes.
 
 34 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 85. Pelargopsis gigantea Walden; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus- 
 xvii. p. 100 (1892). Tawi Tawi, Cebu, Negros, Tablas, Sibuyan. 
 
 86. Alcedo ispida Linn. ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii. p. 141 
 (1892). Tawi Tawi, Cebu, Negros, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, 
 Panay. 
 
 87. Alcedo meninting Horsf.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii. p. 
 157 (1892). Calamianes, Tawi Tawi.* 
 
 88. Ceyx euerythra Sharpe; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii, p. 
 179 (1892). Calamianes, Mindoro, Tawi Tawi.* 
 
 89. Ceyx bournsi Steere; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii p. 184 
 (1892). Tawi Tawi*, Siquijor, Cebu, Negros, Tablas, Romblon, 
 Sibuyan. 
 
 90. Ceyx argentata Tweed. ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii. p. 
 187 (1892). Basilan. 
 
 91. Halcyon coromandus (Lath.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii. 
 p. 217 (1892;. Tawi Tawi, Masbate, Sibuyan. 
 
 92. Halcyon gularis (Kuhl.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii. p. 
 227 (1892). Basilan, Siquijor, Tablas. 
 
 93. Halcyon winchelli Sharpe; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxii. p. 255 
 (1892). Sulu, Tawi Tawi*, Siquijor, Cebu, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan. 
 
 94. Halcyon pileatus (Bodd.); Sharpe Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii. p. 
 229 (1892). Tawi Tawi. 
 
 95. Halcyon chloris (Bodd. ) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii. p. 
 273, pi. vii, fig. iii. (1892). Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Tablas, Sibuyan, 
 Masbate, Siquijor. 
 
 96. Anthracoceros montani (Oust.); Grant, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xvii. p. 370 (1892). Tawi Tawi. 
 
 97. Gymnolaemus marchei (Oust.); Grant, Cat. B. Brit. Mus 
 xvii. p. 270 (1892). Calamianes. 
 
 98. Merops bicolor Bodd.; Sharpe. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii. p. 80. 
 (1882) Sainar, Panay, Masbate, Tablas, Calamianes. 
 
 99. Merops philippinus (Linn.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii. 
 p. 71 (1892). Samar, Tawi Tawi, Sulu, Masbate. 
 
 100. Caprimulgus macrurus Horsf. ; Hartert, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xvi. p. 537 (1892). Sibuyan. 
 
 101. Caprimulgus griseatus Gray; Hartert, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xvi. p. 550, pi. xi. (1892). Sibuyan.
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY KNOWN. 35 
 
 102. Lyncornis macrotis (Vig.); Hartert, Cat.*B. Brit. Mus xvi 
 p. 605 (1892). Mindoro. 
 
 103. Lyncornis mindanensis Tweed ; Hartert, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xvi. p. 605, pi. xiii. (1892). Basilan. 
 
 104. Chaetura gigantea (Temm.); Hartert, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvi. 
 p. 475 (1892). Mindoro. 
 
 105. Collocalia fuciphaga (Thunb.); Hartert, Cat. B. Brit. Mus 
 xvi. p. 498 (1892). Luzon. 
 
 106. Collocalia francica (Gm.); Hartert, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvi. 
 p. 503 (1892). Calamianes, Panay. 
 
 107. Collocalia troglodytes Gray; Hartert, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xvi. p. 807 (1892). Samar, Mindoro, Cebu, Siquijor, Masbate, Si- 
 buyan, Romblon. 
 
 108. Collocalia marginata Salvad.; Hartert, Cat. B Brit. Mus. 
 xvi. p. 508 (1892). Masbate. 
 
 109. Macropteryx comata (Temm.); Hartert, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xvi. p. 517 (1892). Sarnar, Sulu, Tawi Tawi, Tablas, Masbate. 
 
 110. Coccystes coromandus. (Linn.); Shelley, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xix. p. 214 (1891). Siquijor, Palawan. 
 
 111. Surniculus velutinus Sharpe; Shelley, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xix. p. 230 (1891). Tawi Tawi*, Sulu, Samar. 
 
 112. Hierococcyx spaverioides (Vig.); Shelley, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xix. p. 236 (1891). Calamianes. 
 
 113. Hierococcyx fugax (Horsf.); Shelley, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xix. 
 p. 236 (1891). Cebu, Basilan, Sulu. 
 
 114. Cuculus canorus (Linn.); Hartert, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xix. p. 
 245 (1891). Siquijor. 
 
 115. Cacomantis merulinus (Scop,); Shelley, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xix. p. 268 (1891). Tawi Tawi*, Calamianes, Tablas. 
 
 116. Chalcococcyx xanthorhynchus (Horsf.); Shelley, Cat. B. 
 Brit. Mus. xix. p. 289 (1891). Cebu. 
 
 117. Eudynamis mindanensis (Linn.); Shelley, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xix. p. 231 (1891). Tawi Tawi, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, Panay, 
 Cebu, Siquijor, Masbate. 
 
 118. Centropus viridis (Scop.); Shelley, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xix. 
 p. 349 (1891). Siquijor, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan. 
 
 119. Centropus javanicus (Dumout); Shelley, Cat. B. Brit, Mus. 
 xix. p. 354 (1891). Tawi Tawi, Mindanao, Siquijor, Cebu.
 
 36 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 120. Dryococcyx harringtoni Sharpe; Shelley, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xix. p. 400 (1891). Calamianes. 
 
 121. Cacatua haematuropygia (P. L. S. Mull.); Salvad ., Cat. B. 
 Brit. Mus. xx. p. 130 (1891). Calamianes, Panay, Tablas, Siquijor, 
 Tawi Tawi. 
 
 122. Prioniturus discurus (Vieill. ); Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xx. p. 417 (1891). Tablas, Sibuyan. 
 
 123. Prioniturus cyaniceps Sharpe; Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xx. p. 419 (1891). Calamianes. 
 
 124. Prioniturus verticalis Sharpe; Ibis, 1894, p. 248, pi. vi. figs. 
 1 and 2. Tawi Tawi*. 
 
 125. Tanygnathus luconensis (Linn. ); Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xx. p. 424 (1891). Tawi Tawi, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, Siquijor. 
 
 126. Tanygnathus burbidgei Sharpe; Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xx. p. 505, pi. xiii. (1891). Tawi Tawi*. 
 
 127. Bolbopsittacus intermedius Salvad.; Salvador!, Cat. B. Brit. 
 Mus. xx. p. 505 pi. xiii. (1891), Samar. 
 
 128. Loriculus bonapartei Souance; Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xx. pp. 530, 619 (1891). Tawi Tawi*. 
 
 129. Loriculus regulus Souance; Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xx. 
 p. 523 (1891). Tablas Romblon, Sibuyan. 
 
 130. Xantholaema haematocephala (P. L. S. Mull.); Shelley, Cat. 
 B. Brit. Mus. xix. p. 89 (1891). Calamianes(?). 
 
 131. Xantholaema intermedia Shelley; Shelley, Cat. B. Brit. 
 Mus. xix. p. 97 (1891). Tablas, Masbate(?). 
 
 132. lyngipicus maculatus (Scop. ) ; Yungipicus maculatus, Steere, 
 List B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 9 (1890). Cebu. 
 
 133. lyngipicus ramsayi Harg ; Harg., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xviii. 
 p 331 (1890). Tawi Tawi. 
 
 134. Tiga everetti Tweed.; Harg., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xviii. p. 
 418(1890). Calamianes. 
 
 135. Chrysocolaptes erythrocephalus Sharpe.; Harg. Cat. B. 
 Brit. Mus. xviii. p. 452 (1890). Calamianes. 
 
 136. Thrlponax javensis (Horsf.); Harg., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xviii. p. 498 (1890). Tawi Tawi*, Cebu. 
 
 137. Thriponax philippensis Steere; Steere, Ibis, 1891, p. 305. 
 Panay.
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY KNOWN. 
 
 138. Corvus philippinus Bp.; Hartert, J. f. O. 1891, p. 204 
 Tawi Tawi, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan. 
 
 139. Sturnia violacea (Bodd.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit Mus. xiii n 
 70 (1890). Mindoro, Tawi Tawi. 
 
 140. Sarcops calvus (Linn.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 
 104 (1890). Tawi Tawi, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan. 
 
 141. Mainatus palawanensis Sharpe; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xiii. p. 104 (1890). Calamianes. 
 
 142. Calornis panayensis (Scop.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xiii. p. 147 (1890). Samar, Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Tablas, Romb- 
 lon, Sibuyan. 
 
 143. Chibia palawanensis (Tweed.); Sharpe, Ibis, 1884, p. 318. 
 Calamianes. 
 
 144. Chibia borneensis Sharpe; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 246. 
 Tawi Tawi. 
 
 145. Buchanga palawanensis Whiteh.; Whiteh., Ibis, 1890, p. 47. 
 Calamianes. 
 
 146. Oriolus chinensis (Linn.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 
 203 (1877). Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, 
 Masbate. 
 
 147. Munia oryzivora (Linn.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 
 328 (1890). Panay, Samar. 
 
 148. Munia jagori (Cab.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 337 
 (1890). Basilan, Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Tablas, Romblon, Sibu 
 yan, Siquijor. 
 
 149. Munia cabanisi Sharpe; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 
 353 (1890). Panay. 
 
 150. Uroloncha everetti (Tweed.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xiii. p. 363 (1890). Calamianes, Tawi Ta\\i*, Tablas, Romblon, Si- 
 buyan. 
 
 151. Passer montanus (Linn.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 
 301, (1888). Cebu. 
 
 152. Motacilla ocularis Swinh.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 
 471 (1885). Palawan. 
 
 153. Motacilla melanope Pall. ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit Mus. x. p. 
 498 (1885). Sulu, Tawi Tawi, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, Masbate. 
 
 154. Motacilla flava Linn. ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 516 
 pi. vi. figs. 3-5 (1885). Negros.
 
 38 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 155. Anthus gustavi Swinh.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 613 
 ( 1885). Tawi Tawi, Sibuyan, Romblon, Masbate. 
 
 156. Anthus rufulus Vieill.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 574 
 1835) Calam ianes, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, Masbate. 
 
 157. Climacteris mystacalis (Temm.); Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 viii. p. 339 (1883). Negros, Masbate, Samar. 
 
 158. Dendrophila oenochlamys Sharpe; Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. 
 Mus. viii, p. 359 (1883). Samar. 
 
 159. Aethopyga magnifica Sharpe; Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ix. 
 p. 24 (1884). Panay, Tablas, Sibuyan. 
 
 160. Aethopyga shelleyi Sharpe; Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ix. 
 p. 29 (1884). Calamianes. 
 
 161. Cinnyris sperata (Linn.); Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ix. p. 
 63 (1884). Calamianes, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, Panay, Siquijor, 
 Cebu. 
 
 162. Cinnyris juliae (Tweed. ); Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ix. p. 64 
 (1884). Tawi Tawi.* 
 
 163. Cinnyris jugularis (Linn.); Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ix. p. 
 84 (1884). Tawi Tawi, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, Masbate, Siqui- 
 jor. 
 
 164. Cinnyris aurora (Tweed.); Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ix. p. 
 88 (1884). Calamianes. 
 
 165. Cinnyris guimarasensis Steere; Steere, Ibis, p. 315. 1891, 
 Panay. 
 
 166. Anthothreptes chlorigaster Sharpe; Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. 
 Mus. ix. p. 123 (1884). Tablas, Sibuyan, Romblon, Panay, Tawi 
 Tawi* 
 
 167. Anthothreptes griseigularis Tweed. ; Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. 
 Mus. ix. p. 126 (1884). Samar. 
 
 168. Dicaeum rubriventer Less.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ix. 
 p. 36 (1885). Samar, Masbate. 
 
 169. Dicaeum mindanense Tweed. ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. 
 p. 37 (1885). Basilan, Sulu, Tawi Tawi. 
 
 170. Dicaeum pygaeum (Kittl.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 
 43 (1885). Samar, Siquijor, Masbate, Sibuyan. 
 
 171. Prionochilus johnannae Sharpe; Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 201, 
 pi. iv. fig. 1. Calamianes.
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY KNOWN. 39 
 
 172. Zosterops everetti Tweed.; Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus ix r 
 163 (1884). Tawi Tawi* Sulu. 
 
 173. Zosterops nigrorum Tweed.; Gadow, Cat. B. Brit Mus 
 
 ix. p. 186 (1884). Masbate. 
 
 174. Parus elegans Less. ; Gadow, Cat B. Brit. Mus. viii. p 22 
 (1883). Mindoro, Tawi Tawi. 
 
 175. Hyloterpe philippinensis Wald.; Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. 
 ix. p. 179, pi. xxxi. fig. 2. (1875). Mindanao. 
 
 176. Hyloterpe homeyeri Bias. ; Bias. J. f. O. 1890, p. 143. Tawi 
 Tawi, Mindanao. 
 
 177. Lanius lucionensis Linn. ; Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 
 285 (1883). Sulu, Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Tablas, Romblon, Sibu- 
 yan, Siquijor. 
 
 178. Lanius nasutus Scop ; Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc ix. p, 169 
 (1875), Samar, Masbate, Calamianes. 
 
 179. Artamus leucogaster (Valenc. ); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. MUF. 
 xiii. p. 3 (1890). Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Tablas, Rombion, Sibuyan, 
 Masbate. 
 
 180. Phylloscopus borealis (Bias.); Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 v. p. 40 (1881). Samar, Sulu, Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Mindoro, 
 Tablas, Sibuyan, Guimaras. 
 
 181. Cryptolopha olivacea (Moseley)=Abrornis olivacea Mose- 
 ley; Ibis, 1891, p. 47. Mindanao, Sulu, Tawi Tawi. 
 
 182. Pratincola caprata (Linn.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. 
 p. 195. (1879). Masbate, Siquijor. 
 
 183. Acrocephalus orientalis (Temm. & Schleg.); Seebohm, Cat. 
 B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 123 (1883). Mindoro. 
 
 184. Megalurus palustris Horsf.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 vii. p. 125 (1883). Masbate. 
 
 185. Megalurus ruficeps Tweed.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 vii. p. 224 (1883). Calamianes. 
 
 186. Orthotomus castaneiceps, Wald. ; Sharpe. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 vii. p. 223 (1883). Masbate. 
 
 187. Orthotomus ruficeps (Less.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii 
 p. 224. Calamianes. 
 
 188. Cisticola cisticola (Temm.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. 
 p. 259 (1883). Mindanao.
 
 40 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 189. Cisticola exilis (Vig. & Horsf.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 vii. p. 269 (1883). Samar, Tablas, Sibuyan, Panay, Cebu, Siquijor, 
 Masbate, Mindoro, Calamianes. 
 
 190. Geocichla interpres (Temm.); Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. 
 p. 166(1881). TawiTawi. 
 
 191. Monticola solitaria (P. L. S. Mull.); Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. 
 Mus. v. p. 329 (1881). Sulu, Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Tablas, Rom- 
 blon, Sibuyan, Masbate, Siquijor. 
 
 192. Erithacus calliope (Pall.); Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 
 305 (1881). Masbate. 
 
 193. Copsychus mindanensis (Gm.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 vii. p. 60 (1883). Tawi Tawi, Mindoro, Tablas, Sibuyan, Masbate, 
 Siquijor. 
 
 194. Cittocincla nigra Sharpe; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 
 90 (1883). Calamianes. 
 
 195. Mixornis plateni Bias; Bias., J. f. O. 1890. pp. 145, 147. 
 Samar. 
 
 196. Macronus kettlewelli Guillem.; Guillem., P. Z. S. 1885, p. 
 262, pi. xviii. fig. 2. Tawi Tawi.* 
 
 197. Chloropsis palawanensis Sharpe; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. 
 Mus. vi. p. 33 (1881). Calamianes. 
 
 198. lole haynaldi (Bias.); Sharpe, Ibis, 1894, p. 253. Tawi Tawi. 
 
 199. Poliolophus urostictus (Salvad. ); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 vi. p. 79, pi. v (1881). Samar. 
 
 200. Criniger f rater Sharpe; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi. p. 79, 
 pi. v. (1881). Calamianes. 
 
 201. Pycnonotus goiavier (Scop); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi. 
 p. 141 (1881). Samar, Tablas, Panay, Masbate. 
 
 202. Pycnonotus cinereifrons (Tweed.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. 
 Mus. vi. p. 153 (1881). Calamianes. 
 
 203. Irena melanochlamys Sharpe; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. 
 p. 266(1877). Mindanao. 
 
 204. Irena tweeddalii Sharpe; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 
 268 (1877). Calamianes. 
 
 205. Artamides sumatrensis (S. Mull.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 iv. p. 12 (1879). Calamianes. 
 
 206. Artamides guillemardi (Salvad.); Salvad., Ibis, 1886, p. 154. 
 Tawi Tawi.
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY KNOWN. 41 
 
 207. Artamides mindorensis Steere; Steere, List B. & M. Steere 
 Exped. p. 14 (1890). Tablas. 
 
 208. Edoliisoma everetti Sharpe; Sharpe, Ibis, 1894, p. 254. 
 Tawi Tawi, Sulu. 
 
 209. Pericrocotus leytensis Steere; Steere, List B. & M. Steere 
 Exped. p. 15 (1890). Samar. 
 
 210. Lalage minor (Steere); Pseudolalage minor, Steere, list B. 
 & M. Steere Exped. p. 15 (1890). Samar. 
 
 211. Lalage terat (Bodd.); Sharpe, Cat. B.Brit. Mus. iv. p. 95 
 (1879). Calamianes, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, Siquijor. 
 
 212. Muscicapa griseisticta (Swinh.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 iv. p. 153 (1879). Siquijor, Masbate, Mindoro, Calamianes, Tawi 
 Tawi. 
 
 213. Muscicapula mindanensisBlas., J. f. O. 1890, p. 147. Basilan. 
 
 214. Hypothymis azurea (Bodd.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. 
 p. 274 (1879). Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyau, 
 Masbate, Siquijor. 
 
 215. Cyanomyias coelestis (Tweed.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 iv. p. 278 (1878). Mindanao, Sibuyan. 
 
 216. Rhipidura nigritorquis Vigors; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 iv. p. 334 (1879). Samar, Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Mindoro, Tablas, 
 Romblon, Sibuyan, Masbate, Siquijor. 
 
 217. Zeocephus rufus Gray; Sharpe, Cat, B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 343 
 (1879). Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, Cebu. 
 
 218. Zeocephus cyanescens Sharpe; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 iv. p. 343 (1879). Calamianes. 
 
 219. Zeocephus cinnamomeus Sharpe: Sharpe, Cat B. Brit. 
 Mus. iv. p. 343 (1879). Tawi Tawi. 
 
 220. Culicicapa panayensis, Sharpe; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 iv. p. 450 (1879). Tawi Tawi, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, Guimaras. 
 Masbate, Siquijor. 
 
 221. Siphia philippinensis Sharpe; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 iv. p. 371 (1879). Tawi Tawi, Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, Guimaras, 
 Masbate, Siquijor. 
 
 222. Siphia lemprieri Sharpe; Sharpe, Ibis, 1884, p. 319. Cal- 
 amianes. 
 
 223. Hirundo gatturalis Scop.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 
 134 (1885). Mindoro, Basilan, Sulu, Palawan, Siquijor.
 
 42 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 224. Hirundo javanica Sparrm.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. 
 p. 142 (1885). Luzon, Tawi Tawi, Calamines, Panay, Guimaras, 
 Masbate, Siquijor. 
 
 225. Pitta erythrogaster Temm.; Sclater, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xiv. p. 432 (1888). Tawi Tawi, Tablas, Sibuyan, Romblon, Panay, 
 Masbate, Cebu, Siquijor. 
 
 226. Pitta atricapilla Less. ; Sclater, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiv. p. 
 438 (1888). Tawi Tawi, Calamianes, Mindoro, Tablas, Cebu. 
 
 The following known species not previously recorded from the 
 Philippines were found there by us: 
 
 1. Caprimulgus jotaka Temm. & Schleg.; Hartert, Cat. B. Brit. 
 Mus. xvi. p. 552 (1892). Palawan. 
 
 2. Prionochilus modestus Hume.; Hume, Str. P. p. 298, 1875. 
 
 We have therefore added 7 species to the known bird fauna of 
 Luzon, 7 to that of Palawan, 25 to that of Sulu, 15 to that of Basilan, 
 13 to that of Mindanao, 38 to that of Panay, 24 to that of Negros, 9 
 to that of Guimaras, 52 to that of Siquijor, 40 to that of Cebu, 37 to 
 that of Samar, 67 to that of Masbate, and 40 to that of Mindoro. 
 
 In Tawi Tawi we discovered 92 species, of which 19 were after- 
 ward found by Mr. Everett's collectors also, as well as three species 
 not obtained by us, making the whole number of species at present 
 known from Tawi Tawi 95. 
 
 In Romblon we discovered 44 species, in Sibuyan 65, and in Tablas 
 66. The curious fauna of these three islands will be fully treated 
 of later. 
 
 In the Calamianes Islands (Culion and Busuanga) we discovered 
 73 species of birds, all of them identical with species found in Pala- 
 wan. Most of the mammals found in the Calamianes Islands were 
 also well known Palawan forms. Deer are, however, very abundant 
 in the Calamianes, and we found one mammal in Busuanga which is 
 probably new.
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED. 43 
 
 IV. 
 
 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED SIK< IKS 
 OF BIRDS. 
 
 Polyplectron napoleonis Less. 
 
 Polyplectrum napoleonis Less. Traite d'Orn. pp. 487,650(1831). 
 
 Polyplectron enphanum Tern. PL Col. v. pi. -18 (No. 540) (1831). 
 
 Polyplectron emphanes Sclat. List of Phas. p. 12 (1854); id. Ibis, 1878, p. 623. 
 
 Polyplectron napoleonis Tweed. (Nee. Less.) P. Z. S. 1878, p. 792; Sharpe, 
 Ibis, 1888, p. 203; Blasius, Ornis. 1888, p. 317; Everett, Birds of Borneo, 
 p. 198 (1889); Whitehead, Ibis, 1890, p. 57. 
 
 Polyplectron nehrkornae Bias. Mitth. orn. Ver. Wien, 1891, p. 1; id. J. f. O. 
 
 1891. p. 10. 
 
 We have some information to offer concerning the habitat of the 
 much discussed Polyplectron napoleonis. Mr. Ogilvie Grant states 
 in the Catalogue of Birds, vol. xxii. p. 361, that the male of P. napo- 
 leonis is "exactly similar to the male of P. nehrkornae, but the 
 white superciliary stripes are wide and strongly marked and conflu- 
 ent on the nape. Total length 18.5 inches, wing, 7.3, tail, 7.8, tarsus, 
 2.5. Habitat unknown. (?) Luzon, Philippine Islands." 
 
 While in Palawan we were so fortunate as to secure a series of 
 eleven fully adult males of the Polyplectron inhabiting that island. 
 Of these, two have not the slightest trace of superciliary stripes, while 
 a third has only four small white feathers on one side. In each of 
 the above there are a few white feathers on the nape. Three of our 
 specimens perfectly agree with the description of typical P. nehr- 
 kornae. Three specimens have broad superciliary stripes almost 
 confluent on the nape, and in one bird the superciliary stripes, which 
 begin between eye and nostril, are very broad, widening steadily 
 towards the nape WHERE THEY ARE FULLY CONFLUENT. An exam- 
 ination of young birds of which we have a good series shows that 
 the width and extent of the superciliary lines is independent of age. 
 We therefore feel perfectly satisfied that P. Napoleonis and P. 
 nehrkornae are identical since the width of the white superciliary 
 stripes is an uncertain quantity, subject to wide individual variation, 
 and may even be absent. 
 
 As P. napoleonis is easily trapped, we feel that the presumptive 
 evidence against its occurrence in Luzon is very strong. The na- 
 tives would certainly know of its presence were it found there and 
 we venture to prophesy that Mr. Whitehead will search that island 
 in vain for it.
 
 44 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 The bill of P. napoleonis is black tipped with pale horn color. 
 The legs, feet and nails are brown. The eyes chocolate brown. 
 One of our birds has but one spur on the left leg. 
 
 In young birds the ocelli are at first grey with black centers. 
 The irridescent blue-green color appears first in the middle of the 
 ocellus and gradually spreads outward. 
 
 P. napoleonis is extremely shy. All our specimens were snared, 
 though Mr. Bourns caught a glimpse of a female on one occasion. 
 Our males average as follows: Length, 20.43. Wing, 7.10. Tail, 
 8.<6. Culmen, .93. Tarsus, 2.40. The females are somewhat smaller: 
 Seven specimens average 16.52 in length. Wing, 6.53. Tail, 5.94. 
 Culmen, .87. Tarsus, 2.15. 
 
 Ardea jugular is of Dr. Steere's list is Demiegretta sacra, (Gm.). 
 
 Circus philippinensis Steere. 
 
 Circus philippinensis Steere, List B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 1 (1890). 
 Although Gurney, Everett and others doubt the validity of 
 Dr. Steere's C. philippinensis and the presumptive evidence against 
 the existence in the Philippines of a peculiar species of this genus 
 would seem strong, the single female of our collecting most nearly 
 agrees with Dr. Steere's description and we accordingly provision- 
 ally adopt his title. 
 
 Spilornis holospilus (Vig.). 
 
 Spilornis holospilus (Vig ); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 1. p. 293 (1874). 
 Spilornis panayensis Steere, List B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 7 (1890). 
 
 Dr. Steere has attempted to separate the representatives of this 
 genus from the central Philippines under the name S. panayensis, 
 on the ground that they are smaller and lighter in color than is S. 
 holospilus. We find that both light and dark birds occur through- 
 out the range of the species in the islands. We have very dark and 
 richly colored birds from the central islands, but we do not find any 
 constant difference in size between them and birds from other parts of 
 the group. We think that S. panayesis was founded on differences 
 due to change of season and to individual variation and believe 
 that the species is not a valid one. 
 
 Ninox japonica (T. & S. ). 
 
 Ninox japonica (T. & S.); Sharpe. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 325. 
 There is no doubt as to the identity of the birds in question, which 
 are from Cebu. Three males measure 12.62 inches in length. Wiiig, 
 8.98. Tail, 5.37. Culmen, .71. Tarsus, 1.27.
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED. 45 
 
 Ceyx euerythra Sharpe. 
 
 Ceyx euerythra Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. Vol. xvii. p 179 (1892). 
 It is hard to make out what Dr. Sharpe means by his description 
 (Cat. B. xvii. p. 179) "entirely red with a wash of beautiful lilac on 
 the upper surface; greater wing-coverts and innermost secondar- 
 ies tipped with rufous," but we take it that he means upper surface 
 entirely red. We have fourteen specimens from Tawi Tawi, Pala- 
 wan and the Calamianes islands and they show some interesting 
 plumage changes which were for some time a puzzle to us. 
 
 An adult pair in high plumage from the Calamianes have entire 
 upper surface of body red, washed with lilac, most heavily on head 
 and rump. Wing-coverts and scapulars like back. Secondaries 
 rufous with broad black shaft stripes. Primaries black, the first 
 rufous for entire length of outer web and most of the others show- 
 ing a small amount of rufous at their tips. Under surface of pri- 
 maries washed with rufous on inner webs. Chin and throat white 
 faintly tinged with lemon yellow. Remainder of under surface deep 
 golden yellow, darkest on sides of breast and flanks. A yellowish 
 white patch behind ear. Under tail-coverts golden yellow tipped 
 with rufous. Tail uniform bright rufous above and below. Under 
 wing -co verts and axillaries golden yellow. Bend of wing rufous. 
 
 This plumage we take to be typical for fully adult birds in fine 
 feather. 
 
 Two females from Palawan agree with this description except that 
 in one the secondaries show rufous only on under surface of inner 
 webs, and that the primaries show no rufous except on basal half of 
 outer web of first. The under wing coverts, axillaries and bend of 
 wing are light rufous instead of yellow. 
 
 Dr. Sharpe (Ibis, '94, p. 246) reports an adult male of this species 
 from Bongao and a female from Tawi Tawi. We note certain 
 differences shown by our Tawi Tawi specimens, of which we have 
 twelve. Of these four agree with the Calamianes birds except that 
 the scapulars show more or less black at their bases and that the 
 secondaries show more of black. Among the remaining specimens, 
 however, there are some curious variations. 
 
 First it is to be noted that in three fully adult birds beginning to 
 moult the under surface is pale dirty yellowish, the throat white. 
 
 In two of the birds a few scattered yellow feathers are appearing 
 in the white of the throat. This then is the worn out plumage of old 
 birds. 
 
 A male with rich yellow under surface and white throat has some 
 of the scapulars entirely black, tipped with blue, the remainder
 
 4(5 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 being tipped with lilac. Some of the wing-coverts are black tip- 
 ped with blue. No rufous on primaries except on outer web of first. 
 
 Another bird has chin and throat pure white, the breast mottled 
 with golden yellow and light cinnamon rufous. Feathers of abdo- 
 men nearly white, tips washed with rufous. Under wing- coverts 
 and axillaries cinnamon rufous. A little more black in the scapu- 
 lars than the preceding. Tail with broad black shaft stripes on 
 apical half of under surface of feathers. 
 
 Another specimen has chin and throat pure white. Sides of face, 
 breast, flanks, under wing-coverts and axillaries cinnamon rufous, 
 deepest on the breast. Abdomen nearly white. A few golden yel- 
 low feathers appearing on breast, flanks and abdomen. Scapulars, 
 except a few of the smallest, black quite broadly tipped with blue, 
 tail with tips of all its feathers black. 
 
 Finally, a single specimen has under surface as in preceeding 
 except that yellow feathers have not begun to appear. Scapulars 
 and inner third of inner secondaries black, the former tipped with 
 blue, the latter with rufous washed with lilac. Tail with apical 
 two- thirds of feathers black washed with rufous on edges of webs. 
 The bill of this last bird shows signs of immaturity, being blackish 
 toward the tip instead of clear scarlet. 
 
 We were at first greatly puzzled by these birds, a,s the black 
 scapulars with their blue tips form a striking marking and with a 
 single exception the bills of our specimens showed no sign of imma- 
 turity. After carefully examining the whole series, however, we 
 are convinced that the cinnamon rufous under surface, tail-feathers 
 tipped with black and black scapulars tipped with blue are them- 
 selves signs of immaturity, the black gradually disappearing with 
 age, and yellow feathers appearing on the under surface 
 until the plumage first described by us is reached. This finally 
 becomes worn and soiled giving the dirty yellowish under plumage 
 already noted. Our Tawi Tawi birds were shot late in October and 
 early in November, Palawan birds in December, and Calamianes 
 birds in January and February. 
 
 Oeyx melanura Kaup. 
 
 Ceyx melanura Kaup.: Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii. p. 180(1892). 
 Ceyx samarensis Steere, L'st B. and M. Steere Exped. p. 10 (1890). 
 
 We obtained a fine series of specimens in Samar which agree in 
 every detail with the description of C. melanura. The specimens 
 secured by us were found among the hills in deep forest and invari- 
 ably away from water.
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED. 47 
 
 Ceyx mindanensis Steere 
 
 Ceyx mindanensis, List B. and M. Steere Exped. p. 10 (1890). 
 Ceyx basilanica Steere, List B. and M. Steere Exped. p. 10 (1890). Sharpe 
 
 Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vol. xvii. p. 181 (1892). 
 Ceyx, platenae Bias., J. f. 10. 1890. p. 141. 
 
 With a very large series of specimens from Mindanao and Basilan 
 at our disposal we are unable to detect the slightest difference 
 between the birds from the two islands and we therefore unite them 
 under the name C. mindanensis, as the Mindanao birds were obtained 
 and described first. Frequents forest or low second growth away 
 from water. 
 
 Ceyx bournsi Steere. 
 
 Ceyx bournsi Steere, List B. & M. Steere Exped, p. 10 (1890); Sharpe, Cat. 
 
 B. Brit. Mus. p. 185, vol. xvii (1892). 
 Ceyx malamaui Steere, List B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 10 (1890); Sharpe, 
 
 Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 184, vol. xvii (1892). 
 Ceyx suluensis Bias., J. f. O. p. 141 (1890). 
 Ceyx inargarethae Bias., J. f. O. 1890, p. 141. 
 
 It will be noticed, doubtless with some surprise that we have 
 here united several apparently well marked species. We can only 
 request those who are inclined to doubt the reasonableness of our 
 action to postpone their final decision until they have inspected our 
 series of specimens. Our conclusions are based on a series of 
 sixty-six specimens from Tablas, Romblon, Sibuyan, Negros, Siqui- 
 jor, Cebu, Basilan, Sulu and Tawi Tawi. 
 
 We find that we must either multiply the number of small blue 
 woods Ceyces from the Philippines indefinitely or reduce the 
 above mentioned species to one. It would be an almost endless 
 task to describe the different phases of plumage shown and we will 
 only say that we have a practically unbroken series between a bird 
 with a magnificent deep blue upper surface and a bird with a fine 
 silvery white upper surface which has not a blue feather on it. 
 
 In the latter specimens the white occupies exactly the position of 
 the blue in the specimens first mentioned. 
 
 Our series shows that these extraordinary differences of color are 
 independent of sex, age or locality, some young birds are very 
 light, others very dark. In one case where parent and offspring 
 were killed at one discharge of the gun they exhibited marked dif- 
 ferences in color. 
 
 The amount of blue or white is, however, dependent on age to 
 some extent, the young birds always showing much more black on 
 the upper surface than do adults. Bill, legs, feet and nails 
 are bright scarlet in adults. In the young the bill is at first black 
 tipped with pale horn and the legs and feet are pale flesh color.
 
 48 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 We retain the name C. bournsi because some seventy-five per 
 cent of our specimens answer fairly well the description of that 
 species as given by Dr. Sharpe, Cat. B. xvii. p. 185. When this 
 type is once departed from, however, the variations are intermina- 
 ble and with a smaller series of specimens at our disposal we 
 should certainly have fallen into hopeless confusion. We note, also, 
 great variability in the color of the under surface, some specimens 
 being very much darker than others. 
 
 Ceyx bournsi is a strictly woods form and its shy habits doubt- 
 less explain its having been so generally missed by collectors. 
 
 Ceyx cyanipectus Lafr. 
 
 Ceyx cyanipectus Lafr.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii. p. 185 (1892). 
 .Ceyx steerii Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii. p. 187 (1892). 
 
 It is with regret that we find ourselves compelled to differ from so 
 eminent an authority as Dr. Sharpe, but an examination of a large 
 series of specimens has convinced us that the Luzon and Mindoro 
 birds are identical. C. cyanipectus is extremely common along the 
 fresh water steams in the interior of Mindoro. On one occasion we 
 shot thirteen specimens in a single day. 
 
 Dr. Sharpe records one female only from Mindoro in the British 
 Museum collection. He separates the Mindoro bird on accout of 
 "the dull reddish color of the under surface," but Luzon birds in fine 
 plumage SHOW THIS SAME COLOR. The plate in Ibis, 1884, is ex- 
 tremely poor and gives an entirely erroneous idea of the color of the 
 under parts of the Luzon bird. The plate in Dr. Sharpe's mono- 
 graph of the Alcedinidae is much nearer the truth. 
 
 We are forced to the conclusion that Dr. Sharpe has fallen into 
 error on account of insufficient material, though the trouble seems 
 to be rather with the Luzon specimens than with the one from Min- 
 doro. If the plate in Ibis correctly represents the specimens 
 obtained by Mr. Maitland-Herriot they must have been in extremely 
 poor plumage. The other British Museum specimens from Luzon 
 are apparently all old and may be faded. 
 
 We found C. cyanipectus along the banks of fresh water streams 
 in Masbate and Sibuyan as well as in Mindoro and Luzon. 
 
 In Sibuyan a single specimen was seen in a mangrove swamp. 
 We never met with it away from water.
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED. 49 
 
 Anthracoceros montani (Oust.). 
 
 Buceros montani Oust. Bull. Hebd. Assoc. Scien. de Fr. p. 206 1880. 
 Anthracoceros montani Grant, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii. p. 370(1892). 
 
 We were so fortunate as to secure aseries of fourteen specimens of 
 this rare horn- bill from Sulu and Tawi Tawi. The tail is pure white. 
 All other parts black, the feathers of back and wings glossed with 
 dark green. The bill in abult birds is coal black. In all of our adult 
 males the iris was nearly white while in the females it was dark 
 brown. Legs and feet dull leaden, nails black. Young birds have 
 tip of bill white or pale horn. 
 
 Fairly common on the hills back of the town of Sulu and very 
 abundant in Tawi Tawi where it occurs in great flocks. It is a very 
 wild bird, always difficult to approach. Its cry is the most peculiar 
 bird note we have ever heard. It begins with a series of notes pre- 
 cisely like the "song" of a common hen magnified about fifty fold 
 and ends with an indescribable combination of cackles and shrieks. 
 
 Three males average 28.12 inches in length. Wing, 11.52. Tail 
 9.51. Tarsus, 2.02. Seven females measure 26.73 inches in length. 
 Wing, 10.85. Tail, 8.90. Tarsus, 1.94. 
 
 Collocalia francica (Gm.). 
 Collocalia francica (Gm.); Hartert, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvi. p. 503 (1892). 
 
 Hartert (J. f. O. 1891, p. 302) seems strongly inclined to doubt the 
 occurence in the Philippines of C. francica and suggests that the 
 birds so identified by Dr. Steere may have been C. marginata. Were 
 there no other distinction the great difference in the size of the two 
 species would make such a blunder impossible. 
 
 We obtained a series of specimens in Culion and Panay which an- 
 swer the description of C. francica as given by Hartert (Cat. B. Brit. 
 Mus. xvi. p. 503) in every detail, having the band of smoky white 
 feathers with distinct black shaft stripes well defined on the rump. 
 Hartert states that the length of C. francica is "over four inches." 
 Our specimens measure 4.62 inches in length. Wing, 4.54. Tail, 1.97. 
 Culmen, .21. Tarsus, .37. 
 
 Iris dark brown. Legs and feet light brown. Bill black. 
 
 Surniculus velutinus Sharpe. 
 
 Surniculus velutinus Sharpe; Shelley, Cat. B. Brit, Mus. xix. p. 230 (1891). 
 
 Abundant in Basilan. A young bird from this island, two thirds 
 
 grown, is light rusty brown in color, lightest on under surface. 
 
 The crown and nape show metallic blue black feathers. One of the 
 
 scapulars, many feathers of rump and all of tail same color, mostly
 
 50 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 tipped with rusty brown. Wing-coverts rusty brown with faint 
 dark shaft markings appearing. Upper surface of wing black, 
 faintly metallic, all the feathers edged with rusty brown. Under 
 surface of body uniform light brown. Wing-coverts white strongly 
 washed with brown at tips. White spot on inner webs of primaries 
 appearing. Under surface of tail dull metallic blue, each feather 
 with several spots of white. 
 
 A bird nearly grown shows numerous brown feathers on head and 
 back. Primaries washed with rusty brown, primary coverts uni- 
 form brown. Throat, chin and upper breast nearly black. A third 
 has general color of adult but some feathers of head, nape, primary 
 coverts, breast and abdomen as well as tips of some of the 
 secondaries are washed with rusty brown. 
 
 Bolbopsittacus intermedius Salvad. 
 
 Bolbsittacus intermedius Salvad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xx. p. 505, pi. xiii. 
 (1891). 
 
 We are happy to be able to establish the habitat of Count Sal- 
 vadori's B. intermedius. Four specimens were secured near Cat- 
 bologan, Satnar. An adult male agrees perfectly with Salvadori's 
 description and excellent figure and there is no room for doubt as 
 to the identity of the Samar birds. 
 
 The female has never been described. It differs from the male in 
 having the blue of the head confined to the throat, the cheeks being 
 light green. Around eye a ring of green lighter than that of 
 crown. The blue collar is replaced by an indistinct collar of faint 
 orange yellow. Rump only slightly lighter than back and green, 
 not yellow as in male. Under surface slightly lighter and more 
 yellowish. Thighs green instead of yellow. 
 
 A young male is like the female but has less blue on sides of 
 throat. 
 
 Loriculus worcesteri Steere. 
 
 Loriculus worcesteri Steere, List B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 8(1890) 
 Loriculus apicalis Salvad. (Part. Samar & Leyte only), Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 
 xx. p. 528 (1*91). 
 
 Count Salvador! identifies L. worcesteri with L apicalis. He 
 records a single specimen collected by Mr. E. L. Moseley of the 
 Steere Expedition, as being in the British Museum collection. We 
 are decidedly of the opinion that Dr. Steere's determination will 
 hold good and that Salvador! will agree with us when he has a 
 larger series of specimens at his disposal. The Marquis of Tweed- 
 dale noted certain differences between the birds of this genus col-
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED. 51 
 
 lected by Mr. Everett in southern Leyte and typical L. apicalis 
 from Mindanao and provisionally identified them with the latter 
 species pending farther investigation. 
 
 The differences between the Samar and Mindanao birds are: First, 
 that the red mark on crown of Samar birds is distinctly narrower than 
 in those from Mindanao and tapers sharply to a point on the nape 
 instead of spreading out and ending broadly. 
 
 Second, the feathers of the back are barely tinged with golden, not 
 one of our specimens showing anything like the amount of color 
 exhibited by Mindanao birds. 
 
 The Samar and Mindanao birds can be readily separated by the 
 head markings alone and there is far more difference between them 
 than between other species recognized by Salvador}, such, for in- 
 stance, as Prioniturus discurus (Vieill. ) and Prioniturus suluensis 
 Salvad. 
 
 Xantholaema intermedia Shelley. 
 
 Xantholaema intermedia Shelley, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xix. p. 97 (1891). 
 We note certain plumage difference between the Cebu, Negros and 
 Tablas birds. The Negros birds best agree with Shelley's descrip- 
 tion. Tablas birds also agree with the description in having feath- 
 ers of back without lighter edges, but they have the black stripe 
 bordering red of throat washed with olive green instead of olive grey. 
 The Cebu birds, which were obtained in June, have light edgings 
 to feathers of upper surface, show more yellow in the spots above 
 and below eye than do birds from Negros and Talbas, and have 
 stripe between eye and throat almost pure black, sometimes faintly 
 washed with olive grey. They also differ, in that the black of hind 
 crown and nape is much less heavily washed with olive grey. 
 
 The Philippine representatives of the Genus lyngipicus. 
 
 Much confusion still exists as to the Philippine representatives of 
 this genus, witness Hargitt's recording I. maculatus (Scop.) from 
 Luzon (!). The type of this species was obtained by Sonnerat at 
 Antique ("Antigua") in north Panay. 
 
 Lord Walden (P. Z. S. ix. p. 148, 1875) united the Luzon, Panay 
 and Mindanao birds on the supposition that the three islands possessed 
 but one species. This supposition he afterwards had occasion to 
 modify when he obtained some material on which to work.
 
 52 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 The Luzon birds collected by Everett were identified by Walden 
 as I. maculatus and the Mindanao-Basilan species as I. validirostris. 
 In Ibis, 1881, p. 597, Hargitt very properly separates the Mindanao- 
 Basilan form under the name I. fulvifasciatus. 
 
 In J. f. O. 1882, p. 227, Kutter describes a single specimen from 
 Guimaras under the names " Yungipicus maculatus Scop." and 
 "Baepipo validirostris Cab." Kutter's example was a poor one, as 
 he expressly states, and having no material for comparison he un- 
 hesitatingly united the Guimaras and Luzon birds. 
 
 Dr. J. B. Steere, the first naturalist before whom a series of speci- 
 mens from all these localities ever lay, saw at once the differences 
 between the Luzon and Panay birds, which unfortunately he seems 
 not to have thought worth pointing out. and rightly retained the 
 name "maculatus" for the Panay species. The Luzon birds he 
 called "validirostris," with apparent reason as they most certainly 
 are not maculatus and the birds described by Blyth may well have 
 come from Luzon. The Mindanao-Basilan species he re-described 
 under the name "Yungipicus basilanica," overlooking Hargitt's 
 name and description entirely. 
 
 We note the following differences between the Luzon-Marinduque- 
 Mindoro birds and those from Panay, Guimaras, Negros and Cebu. 
 I. validirostris, the first mentioned species, has "the upper parts, 
 together with wings, tail, also their coverts brownish black." I. 
 maculatus has these parts very light rusty brown and the wing- 
 coverts and quills are spotted with buffy white, not pure white as in 
 L validirostris. Bars on tail buffy white. Shafts of quills rusty 
 brown. Occiput, nape and hind-neck rusty brown like back, the black 
 of I. validirostris being entirely lacking. A broad scarlet stripe on 
 side of occiput, the stripes of opposite sides being nearly confluent 
 on nape. No black tips on nasal plumes. Auricular stripe rusty 
 brown, not broivnish black. The fulvescent wash on under surface of 
 I. validirostris usually entirely lacking and always very faint. Ill-de- 
 fined rusty brown stripes on under surface in place of sharp black 
 markings of I. validirostris. I. maculatus is also lighter on rump 
 than is I. validirostris, the feathers being faintly spotted with lighter 
 color and not barred as in I. validirostris. The adult female of I. 
 maculatus is like the male but lacks the scarlet markings on head. 
 
 The other species of the genus found in the Philippine islands 
 with the possible exception of that from Samar and Leyte are so 
 well marked that no possibility of confusion exists.
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED. 53 
 
 Chrysocolaptes rufopunctatus Harg. 
 
 Chrysocolaptes rufopunctatus Harg. Ibis, 1889, p. 231. 
 
 Chrysocolaptes samarensis Steere, List B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 8 (1890). 
 
 Another case in which Dr. Steere re-described a species already 
 known. 
 
 Thriponax philippinensis Steere. 
 
 Thriponax philippinensis Steere, List B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 8 (1890); id. 
 Ibis, 1891, p. 305. 
 
 Dr. Steere's description of this species is so brief that we venture 
 to add to it somewhat. 
 
 Adult male in breeding plumage. Forehead and crown to nape 
 brilliant scarlet. Elongated feathers of crown and nape with yel- 
 lowish white bases and shaft stripes of same color extending half 
 their length. A scarlet stripe from base of lower mandible to ear. 
 Lores, stripe under eye, auricular region, chin, throat and sides of 
 neck black, some of the feathers tipped with scarlet, others with 
 creamy white. Feathers of thighs buffy white with broad central 
 spots of black. Lower breast, abdomen, flanks, under wing- coverts, 
 axillaries, basal fifth of inner webs of secondaries and a narrow 
 stripe on rump creamy white. All other parts black, tips of pri- 
 maries and tail-feathers rusty. Feathers of fore-breast uniform 
 black except a few of those immediately bordering the white of the 
 breast which are tipped with that color. Many feathers of hind- 
 neck and interscapulars broadly tipped with scarlet but the latter 
 markings, as well as scarlet and white tips on feathers of sides of 
 face and throat, are very variable. 
 
 Adult female. Like the male, but has forehead and crown pure 
 black and lacks the scarlet cheek patch. Few of the feathers of 
 head and neck are tipped with white and none are tipped with 
 scarlet. 
 
 Sarcophanops steerii Sharpe. 
 Sarcophanops steerii Sharpe; Sclater, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiv. p. 482 (1888). 
 
 There has been some difference of opinion between Dr. Steere and 
 Mr. A. Everett as to the color of the eyes of this interesting species. 
 Both were right and there was abundant room for still more diverg- 
 ence of opinion. The eyes of S. steerii are golden yellow, bright 
 green or a beautiful blue according to the way the light strikes 
 them. 
 
 The locality "Mindoro" given for this species in Dr. Steere's list 
 is a misprint for Mindanao. No representative of the genus was 
 found by the Steere Expedition in Mindoro.
 
 54 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 The young show some interesting plumage changes. An imma- 
 ture male has the under surface white, some of the feathers tipped 
 with pale lilac. Chin black but throat white, a few black feathers 
 just appearing. Head as in adult but white nuchal collar much 
 narrower. Back and wing-coverts washed with olive green, the 
 wing-bar being ill-defined and paler than in adult. Rump and tail 
 as in adult. Bill as in adult except center of upper mandible 
 which is black. 
 
 Another young male, slightly older, has chin and throat black, 
 the feathers narrowly tipped with white and shows more lilac 
 on breast. Crown, nape and back washed with olive green, purple 
 appearing on one or two feathers of forehead. Bill pure black. 
 
 A young female is like the first young male described but with- 
 out lilac on under surface. 
 
 Sarcophanops samarensis Steere. 
 
 Sarcophanops samarensis Steere, List B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 23 (1890); id. 
 Ibis, 1891, p. 316. 
 
 Adult male: Much smaller than S. steerii. Head, back and 
 scapulars purple somewhat mottled with brown. White nuchal 
 collar very narrow and ill-defined. Purple of back gradually 
 changing into brown on rump. Tips of scapulars black. Upper 
 tail coverts and tail bright chestnut. Upper wing coverts black. 
 Tertiaries barred across both webs with pure white. Three secon- 
 daries with lilac spot on outer webs. Tips of secondaries and ter- 
 tiaries black Primaries blackish brown. Chin, throat, sides of 
 face, ear- co verts and lores pure black. Breast, abdomen and flanks 
 lilac, deeper on upper breast, lighter on abdomen. Thighs black, 
 the feathers tipped with brown. Under tail-coverts light buff. Axil- 
 laries white. Under wing-coverts black. Bend of wing white. 
 
 Female like male except that the lilac of under surface is replaced 
 by white. Bill, legs, feet, nails and eyes exactly as in S. steerii 
 and the young show the same plumage changes as in that species. 
 
 Average measurements from five males: Length, 6.02 inches. 
 Wing, 3.06. Tail, 2.44. Culmen, .87. Tarsus, .80. 
 
 Ten males of S. steerii average 6.86 inches in length. Wing, 3.33. 
 Tail, 2.37. Culmen, .93. Tarsus, .86. 
 
 Oriolus samarensis Steere. 
 
 Oriolus samarensis Steere, List B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 17 (1890); id. Ibis, 
 1891, p. 311. 
 
 Sexes alike. General cover above slightly lighter than in O. 
 steerii. Lores, chin, throat and upper breast uniform light ashy 
 grey lighter than in 0. steerii. Ear-coverts and sides of neck like
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED. 55 
 
 back. Wing much yellower than in O. steerii, the yellow extending 
 clown to outer webs of primaries. Black markings of lower breast 
 and abdomen narrower than in O. steerii. Axillaries and under wing- 
 coverts, inner half of inner webs of secondaries and inner edges of 
 basal half of primaries bright yellow. Central tail-feathers un- 
 marked as in O. steerii. 
 
 Average measurements from five males. Length, 7.72 inches. 
 Wing, 4.15. Tail, 2.85. Culmen, .95. Tarsus, .81. 
 
 Cinnyris guimarasensis Steere. 
 
 Cinr.yris guimarasensis Steere, List B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 22 (1890); id. 
 Ibis, 1891, p. 315. 
 
 It is to be regretted that Dr. Steere did not find some more appro- 
 priate name than "guimarasensis" for this beautiful species. Gui- 
 maras is, zoologically speaking, a part of Panay, and the species in 
 question was found in Panay by Mr. Worcester a few weeks after its 
 discovery in Guimaras. Upon our return to the Philippine islands 
 we obtained a fine series of specimens from the mountains of Panay. 
 The female seems never to have been described. Adult female: Head 
 and nape light olive green, becoming browner on back, wing- coverts 
 and outer webs of secondaries. Upper tail- coverts like back. Tail 
 black, webs of central pair of feathers washed with same color as 
 back. Sides of face dark ashy grey, edges of feathers darker than 
 centers. Chin light yellow. Entire throat grey faintly washed 
 with yellow. Entire breast bright orange yellow paler on flanks, 
 abdomen and under tail-coverts. Axillaries, under wing-coverts and 
 inner webs of quills pure white. 
 
 Dicaeum trigonostigma and its Philippine allies. 
 
 It is well known that Dr. Sharpe identified a Dicaeum brought 
 back by Dr. Steere in 1874 and supposed to have come from Negros, 
 as D. trigonostigma. This identification has since been called in 
 question by tho Marquis of Tweeddale and others. 
 
 The specimen in question is still in existence in the Museum of the 
 University of Michigan. There is not the slightest doubt that it is 
 D. trigonostigma but in our opinion there is very grave doubt as to 
 its ever having come from Negros. By some means labels seem to have 
 become displaced on a number of the birds collected by Dr. Steere 
 at this time (e. g. Parus elegans from Palawan). The specimen in 
 question no longer bears Dr. Steere's original label and the Doctor
 
 56 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 himself does not feel at all sure that it came from Negros. D. tri- 
 gonostigma may, then, be safely excluded from the list of Philip, 
 pine Dicaeidae, especially since the bird fauna of Negros is well 
 known, and no other collector has ever met with it there, whereas, 
 D. dorsale is very abundant in the island. 
 
 There are, however, nine species of Dicaeidae in the Philippines 
 which must, we think, be regarded as representative species of D. tri- 
 gonostigma. One of these, D. besti Steere, from Siquijor, has not 
 been very completely described and the female was unknown to 
 Dr. Steere. 
 
 Dicaeum besti is a well marked species discovered by ourselves in 
 1888. It is apparently confined to the little island of Siquijor. 
 
 Adult male. Above like D. cinereigulare but with a slightly 
 heavier yellow wash on rump. Chin bright yellow. Throat and up- 
 per breast bluish gray. 
 
 Adult female. Entire upper surface and sides of head and neck 
 slaty grey washed with olive green most heavily on back and upper 
 tail- coverts. Wing-coverts and secondaries edged with olive green. 
 Rest of upper surface of wing dark blackish brown, the primaries 
 edged with ashy grey. Chin and throat light yellow. Sides of 
 throat, breast and flanks ashy grey washed with yellow. A stripe 
 of bright yellow beginning on breast and running down abdomen, 
 lender tail-coverts bright yellow. Under wing-coverts and inner 
 webs of quills white faintly washed with yellow. Axillaries light 
 yellow. 
 
 The males of the nine species may be characterized as follows: 
 
 D. xanthopygium has yellow rump and throat and orange breast. 
 
 D. intermedia has the rump slaty blue very faintly washed with olive 
 green. Chin and throat grey uniformly washed with yellow. Breast 
 pale orange . 
 
 D. sibuyanica has rump faintly washed with yellow, a clear uni- 
 form blue grey throat and a pale orange breast. It is farther dis- 
 tinguished by its size, being the largest representative of the D. tri- 
 gonostigma type yet discovered in the Philippines. 
 
 D. dorsale. Rump uniform with back or very faintly tinged with 
 olive green. Under surface intense orange usually paler on throat. 
 
 D. pallidior. Rump uniform with back. Under surface paler than in 
 any other Philippine representative of the D. trigonostrigma type. Breast 
 only very faintly orange. 
 
 D. besti. Male has rump washed with olive. Chin yellow, throat 
 grey, breast bright orange. The female also differs strikingly from 
 that of any other Philippine species having the throat much like 
 that of the male.
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED. 57 
 
 D. cinereigulare. Chin and upper throat ydlow. Sides of throat and 
 lower throat grey ivashed with yellow. Breast brilliant orange nearly 
 equalling that of D. dorsale in intensity. 
 
 D. assimilis. Rump heavily washed with yellow. Throat ashy 
 MUCH DARKER than in D. sibuyanica. Breast tinged with orange. 
 
 D. sibutense. Throat uniform with head. Lower back and rump 
 slightly washed with olive. 
 
 Each of these species is, so far as we know, confined to a definite 
 area so that no two overlap. 
 
 Prionochilus quadricolor Tweed. 
 Prionochilus quadricolor Tweed.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 70 (1885). 
 
 This fine species is not uncommon in the forest of Cebu but seems 
 never to be found in open country, and as the small amount of forest 
 remaining on the island is rapidly being cleared away we fear that 
 P. quadricolor will become extinct before many years if, as seems 
 at present possible, it is confined to the island of Cebu. 
 
 We are now able to furnish descriptions of the adult female and 
 young. 
 
 Adult female. Above brown, head faintly washed with olive. 
 Back, wing-coverts and outer webs of secondaries heavily washed 
 with olive yellow. Rump almost entirely of the latter color. Entire 
 under surface greyish white faintly tinged with olive yellow, lighter 
 along center of breast and abdomen. Under wing-coverts, axilla- 
 ries and inner webs of quills pure white. 
 
 Young male like female but lacks yellow wash on outer webs of 
 secondaries, the wing and tail being black as in adult male. 
 
 Prionochilus modestus Hume. 
 Prionochilus modestus Hume. Str. F. p. 289 (1875). 
 
 A series of birds obtained by us in Palawan most nearly agree with 
 the above species and are provisionally so identified pending com- 
 parison. 
 
 Zosterops everetti Tweed. 
 
 Zosterops everetti Tweed.; Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ix. p. 163 (1884). 
 Zosterops basilanica Steere, List B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 21 (1890); id. 
 Ibis, 1891, p. 314. 
 
 After examining a large series of birds from Cebu, Samar, Min- 
 danao, Basilan, Sulu and Tawi Tawi we have come to the conclu- 
 sion that there is no ground for separating the birds from the south. 
 
 The specimens collected by the Steere Expedition were obtained 
 in the month of November while those from Cebu, Ley te and Samar
 
 58 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES, 
 
 were obtained in March and April, The differences enumerated by 
 Dr. Steere (1. c.) certainly existed between the Cebu and Basilan 
 birds but we failed to detect them in the birds from Samar. Our 
 private collections contained typical Z. everetti from Samar and the 
 birds from that island were so identified by us. 
 
 On our present trip we again collected in Basilan in the autumn 
 and the same differences show themselves between the birds then 
 collected and those obtained in Cebu in July of the following year. 
 Our collections in Sulu and Tawi Tawi were made later than those 
 from Basilan and while many of the birds secured there are young, 
 or in poor plumage, we have typical Z. everetti from both locali- 
 ties. Dr. Sharpe also records Z. everetti as collected in Tawi Tawi 
 and Bongao by Everett but we do not know in what month. 
 
 We find no difference in either the breadth or depth of color of 
 the yellow stripe on under surface of the northern and southern 
 birds and think the slight difference in the amount of yellow about 
 the lores to be purely .a matter of season, the amount of yellow 
 increasing as the breeding time approaches. 
 
 Cittocincla cebuensis Steere. 
 
 Cittocincla cebuensis Steere, List B. and M. Steere Exped. p. 20 (1890); id. 
 Ibis. 1890, p. 314. 
 
 Apparently confined to the island of Cebu where it is very rare. 
 
 An immature female is slaty black above, tail dull black. Wing- 
 coverts brown tipped with distinct spots of rufous brown, these 
 spots forming two irregular bars. Quills fulvous brown. Prima- 
 ries faintly washed on outer webs with rufous brown. Forehead 
 brownish. Lores, ring around eye, sides of face and chin light 
 rufous brown. Center of throat and upper breast slaty grey, a few 
 of the feathers still retaining brownish centers. Rest of under 
 surface slaty black washed with brown. Under tail-coverts black 
 with brown shaft stripes. 
 
 Mixornis plateni Bias. 
 Mixornis plateni Bias. J. f. O. pp. 145, 147, 1890. 
 
 A Mixornis apparently of this species, with which it agrees in 
 size, was found by us in Samar. But two specimens were secured. 
 One of these is immature. The head was broken from the other in 
 shipping and has been lost so that we are unable to identify the 
 Samar birds with absolute certainty, but they are either M. plateni 
 or a very closely allied species. Length of adult bird 4.25 inches. 
 Tarsus, .56. Tail, 1.85. Wing, 2.12. Iris with yellowish white inner 
 and red outer ring.
 
 SPECIES PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED. 59 
 
 An immature male is olive brown above, the feathers of head and 
 back with white shaft stripes. Tail fulvous brown the feathers 
 edged with rusty brown. Wing coverts like back. Quills fulvous 
 brown, their outer edges washed with light rufous brown. A line 
 of nearly black feathers with white shafts over eye. Ear-coverts 
 dark, with distinct white shaft lines. Feathers of upper throat 
 blackish with broad white shaft markings. Lower throat and breast 
 dark ashy, some of the feathers with ill-defined lighter shaft mark- 
 ings. Lower breast and abdomen nearly white, the feathers soft 
 and fluffy. Flanks ashy grey. Under wing-coverts axillaries, inner 
 webs of quills and under tail-coverts buffy white. 
 
 Cyanomyias helenae Steere. 
 
 Cyanomyais helenae Steere. List B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 16 (1890); id. Ibis, 
 1891, p. 311. 
 
 We obtained a good series of specimens of this fine species and 
 are able to furnish a description of the adult female, which is dull 
 verditer blue above, much brighter on head. Forehead and line 
 over eye cobalt blue. Feathers of crest but slightly elongated. Tail 
 brownish black washed with verditer blue. Shafts of feathers 
 black. Wing coverts and outer edges of quils like back. Chin blu- 
 ish grey. Cheeks, ear-coverts, throat and upper breast azure blue, 
 brightest on cheeks. Abdomen and under tail-coverts white. Under 
 surface of tail dark brown. Shafts white. Under wing- coverts and 
 axillaries grey broadly tipped with white. Inner webs of quills 
 washed with white. Bend of wing washed with verditer blue. 
 
 Four males measure 5.40 inches in length. Wing, 2.85. Tail, 
 2.90. Culmen, .61. Tarsus, .64. A female is larger measuring 6.06 
 inches in length. Wing, 2 86. Tail, 2.70. Culmen, .64. Tarsus, .67. 
 
 Orthotomus castaneiceps Wald. 
 
 Orthotomus castaneiceps Wald.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 223 
 
 (1883). 
 Orthotomus panayensis Steere, List B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 20 (1890); id. 
 
 Ibis, 1891, p. 314. 
 
 Dr. Steere has attempted to separate the Panay tailor bird from 
 that of Guimaras and Negros but after a most careful examination 
 of a large series of specimens from Panay, Negros and Masbate we 
 are compelled to say that there is not the slightest difference be- 
 tween the birds from the three islands. Their size is the same. 
 The wash of olive green on the back, on which Dr. Steere relied to 
 separate the Panay birds, is a variable character present in some 
 birds, absent in others shot at the same season. It occurs in birds
 
 60 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 from Negros and Masbate as well as in those from Panay. The 
 presumptive evidence against finding one species of Orthotomus in 
 Panay and another in Guimaras is of course very strong. Guimaras 
 is to all intents and purposes a part of Panay and there are no 
 other known differences between the birds of the two islands. Mas- 
 bate is a new locality for the species. 
 
 lole philippinensis (Gm.). 
 
 lole philippensis (Gm.); Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vol. vi. p. 58 (1881). 
 lole guimarasensis Steere. List-B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 19 (1890); id. Ibis, 
 1891, p. 313. 
 
 Dr. Steere separates the lole from Panay, Guimaras and Negros 
 from the Luzon, Samar, Bohol, Cebu, Leyte and Mindanao birds. 
 He states that I. guimarasensis has the "size and general coloring 
 of I. rufigularis, with the light shaft streaks of I. philippinensis." 
 
 The latter character would not seem to be of especial value in dif- 
 ferentiating it from I. philippinensis and we can find nothing in 
 the size or color of our large series of specimens from the central 
 Philippines to warrant us in separating them from typical I. philip- 
 pinensis. 
 
 Dr. Steere mentions the very different note of the Cebu birds. 
 We were unable to perceive the slightest difference in the notes of 
 the birds in question and incline to the opinion that the doctor 
 must have heard the note of I. monticola when he crossed over 
 into Cebu.
 
 MAMMALS COLLECTED. 61 
 
 V. 
 LIST OF MAMMALS COLLECTED. 
 
 Macacus philippinensis Geoffr. 
 
 Macacus philippinensis Geoffr.; Gunther, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 74. 
 Occurs in every island visited by us. Tamed and carried every- 
 where by the natives. 
 
 Nycticebus tardigradus Linn. 
 
 Nycticebus tardigradus Linn.; Everett, Mammals of the Bornean Islands, 
 p. 494 (1893). 
 
 Common in Bongao. Less common in the part of Tawi Tawi 
 visited by us but occurs there. Called "shame face" by the 
 Spaniards because of its curious habit of hiding its face. 
 
 Tarsius spectrum Pallas. 
 
 Tarsius spectrum Pall.; Everett, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 494. 
 Samar. 
 
 Tupaia javanica Horsf. 
 
 Tupaia javanica Horsf.; Everett, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 495. 
 Palawan, Calamianes. 
 
 Galeopithecus philippinensis Waterh. 
 
 Galeopithecus philippinensis Watetu.; Gunther, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 74. 
 Basilan, Mindanao, Samar. 
 
 Mydaus marchei Heut. 
 
 Mydaus marchei Heut ; Everett, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 495. 
 Palawan, Calamianes. 
 
 Arctitis binturong Raffles. 
 
 Arctitis binturong Raffles; Everett, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 495. 
 Palawan. 
 
 Paradoxurus philippinensis Jourdan. 
 Paradoxurus philippinensis Jourd.; Gi'mther, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 75. 
 Mindoro, Panay, Negros, Mindanao, Basilan, Palawan. Proba- 
 bly occurs on every island of any size in the group.
 
 62 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 Viverra tangalunga Gray. 
 
 Viverra tangalunga Gray; Everett, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 495. 
 Siquijor, Panay, Mindoro, Mindanao, Palawan, Calamianes. 
 Like the preceding species, V. tangalunga ranges throughout the 
 group. 
 
 Felis bengalensis Kerr. 
 
 Felis bengaleusis Kerr; Blanford, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 631. 
 Felis ruinuta Temm.; Everett, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 223. 
 
 Panay, Negros, Cebu. 
 
 An animal which was in all probability a cross between this 
 species and the common house cat was seen by us at the house of 
 Mr. C. R. Blair Pickford, Toledo, Cebu. 
 
 Hystrix pumila Gunther. 
 Hystrix pumila G.; Everett, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 495. 
 Palawan, Calamianes. 
 
 Sciuropterus nigripes Thos. 
 
 Sciuropterous nigripes Thos.; Everett, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 495. 
 Palawan. 
 
 Sciurus steerii Giinther. 
 Sciurus steerii G.; Everett, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 496. 
 Palawan. 
 
 Sciurus samarensis Steere. 
 
 Sciurus samarensis Steere. List B. & M. Steere Exped. p. 30. 
 Samar. 
 
 Sciurus mindanensis Steere. 
 
 Sciurus mindanensis Steere, List B. and M. Steere Exped. p. 29, 1890. 
 Mindanao, Basilan. 
 
 Sciurus mindanensis Steere and Sciurus cagsi Meyer seem to 
 be synonyms. 
 
 Sciurus coccinus Thomas. 
 
 Sciurus coccinus Thomas; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) vol. ii, p. 407 (1888). 
 Sciurus philippinensis Steere, List B. and M. Steere Exped. p. 29. 
 Mindanao, Basilan.
 
 MAMMALS COLLECTED. 63 
 
 Bubalus kerabau ferus. 
 
 Bubalus kerabau ferus Nehring, Seitzungsbericht der Gesellschaft natur- 
 
 fnrschender Freunde zu Berlin, No. 6, 1890, p. 101. 
 Bubalus indicus Steere, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 415. 
 
 Found wild by us in Mindoro, the Calamianes and Masbate. Oc- 
 curs in the wild state in Luzon, Negros and Mindanao as well. 
 
 Bubalus mindorensis Heude. 
 
 Bubalus mindorensis Heude; Nehring, Sitzungsbericht der Ges. naturfor- 
 schender Freunde zu Berlin, No. 6, p. 101, 1890. 
 
 Probubalus mindorensis Steere, List B. and M. Steere Exped. 
 p. 28 (1890). 
 
 Mindoro. 
 
 Tragulus javanicus Gmel. 
 Tragulus javanicus Gmel.; Everett, P. Z. S. p. 223. 
 Balabac. 
 
 Manis javanica Desm. 
 
 Manis javanica Desm.; Everett, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 496. 
 Palawan, Calamianes. 
 Sus celebensis var. philippinensis. 
 
 Sus celebensis var. philippinensis Nehring. Tawi Tawi, Sulu. 
 Basilan, Mindanao, Samar, Negros, Panay, Mindoro, Si buy an, 
 Luzon, Masbate. 
 
 Sus ahaenobarbus Heut. 
 
 Sus ahaenobarbus Heut.; Everett, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 496. 
 Palawan, Calamianes, 
 
 A considerable number of mammals, including deer from Masbate, 
 Sulu, and the Calamianes islands, and bats from various localities, 
 have not yet been identified. Skeletons of the mammals as well as 
 skins were invariably collected while many of the small mammals 
 as well as numerous birds were preserved entire in alcohol.
 
 64 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. 
 
 Those who wish to verify statements made in this paper will be 
 given an opportunity to acquire the necessary material. Series of 
 fifteen specimens showing the variations in color of Ceyx bournsi 
 will be sent to any responsible person who will undertake to pay 
 transportation charges and return them within a reasonable time. 
 
 Requests for such material may be addressed to Henry L. Osborn 
 Hamline University, Saint Paul, Minnesota, or Dean C. Worcester. 
 9 Elm street, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS, December 8, 1894.
 
 University of California 
 
 SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1388 
 
 Return this material to the library 
 
 from which it was borrowed. 
 
 

 
 QL323 
 B6 
 
 Bourns, Frank Swift 
 
 Preliminary notes on the 
 birds and mammals collected 
 by the Menage Scientific 
 Expedition to the 
 Philippine Islands. 
 
 QL323 
 
 B6 
 
 189^ 
 
 Bourns, Frank Swift 
 
 Preliminary notes on the 
 birds and mammals collected 
 by the Menage Scientific 
 Expedition to the 
 Philippine Islands. 
 
 BIO-AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA 92502
 
 Unive 
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