W^; m^, THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS i Irrigafed Pear Orchard Near Camino, El Dorado County, Elevafion Over 3,000 Feei Courfesy of El Dorado County Chamber of Commerce STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES GOODWIN J. KNIGHT, Governor FRANK B. DliRKEE, Director of Public Works HAR\ EY 0. BANKS, Acting Slate Engineer Bulletin No. 56 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS December, 1955 LIBRARY DaVIS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL, DEPARTMENT OP PUBLIC WORKS 9 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL, DIVISION OF WvVTER RESOURCES 10 ACKNOWLEDGMENT H ORGANIZATION 12 Page CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 13 Authorization for Iiivpstigation 13 Related Investigations and Reports 14 Scope of Investigation and Report 15 Area Under Investigation 15 Physiography and Climate lode Region .") Estimated Seasonal Natural Runoft' of Amer- ican River at Fair Oaks (i Estimated Natural Runoff of Principal Streams, Mother Lode Region 7 Principal Water Service Agencies, Mother Lode Region 8 Major Water Service Agencies Diverting Water From Streams of the Mother Lode Region for ITtilization in Areas Outside the Region 9 Present Tse of L-rigable Lands in the Agri- cultural Zone, Mother Lode Region 10 Irrigated and Nonirrigated Irrigable Lands in the National Forest Zone, Mother Lode Region n Estimated Present Urban Population and Present Urban Area in the Agricultural Zone. Mother Lode Region ^•2 Present I^and Use Pattern, Mother Lode Region V-) Laud Classification Standards 14 Factors Applied to Gross Irrigable Area to ()btain Net Irrigable Area by Land Class _ 1.") Classification of Irrigable Lands in the Agri- cultural Zone, Mother Lode Region 21 2■^ •2G 27 28 29 3.') 39 41 44 45 46 50 51 Xunilier '^"ee 17 E.stimated Ultimate Urban Population and ritimate Urban Area in the Agricultural Zone, Mother Lode Region 56 18 19 Estimated Ultimate Land Use Pattern, Mother Lode Region 59 GO ()1 Relation of Elevation to Mean Seasonal Tem- perature. Mother Lode Region 20 Estimated Mean Seasonal Unit Consumptive Use of A]iplied Irrigation Water and Re- lated Clinuitic Factors in the Agricultural Zone, Mother Lode Region 21 Unit Values of Consumptive Use of Applied Water in Selected Foothill Areas of Placer County 62 22 Estimated Present Mean Seasonal Consump- tive Use of Applied Water, Mother Lode Region 6'^ Estimated Crop Adaptability Based on Land Classificaton and Climate in the Agricul- tural Zone. Mother Lode Region 5:] 2:1 Estimated Ultimate Mean Seasonal Consump- tive Use of Applied Water, Mother Lode Region 24 Estimated Ultimate Seasonal Application of Water by Service Areas in the Agricultural Zone, Mother Lode Region 25 Monthly Irrigation Demand Schedules of Irri- gation Districts in or Adjoining the Mother Lode Region 26 Monthly Distribution of Municiiial and Do- mestic Demand Met by El Dorado Irriga tion District 27 Estimated Ultimate Mean Seasonal Water Requirements by Service Areas, Mother Lode Region — "" 28 Estimated Monthly Hydroelectric Demands for Water in 1951, Mother Lode Region _ 71 29 Historic and Projected Electric Energy (ien- eration for Use in the Northern California Power Market 72 65 66 68 69 ILLUSTRATIONS Page P«se Irrigated Pear Orchard Near Camino, El Dorado Moccasin Creek Power House. Tuolumne County^. 37 County. Elevation Over 3,000 Feet 2 ^,^^^^^ ^^^^^.^^^ .^^ Foothills of El Dorado County 43 Modern Lumbering in Amador County 20 ^ry-farmed Hay Field Near Shingle Springs, El _ Central Eureka Gold Mine, Amador County 22 Dorado County 54 :\relones Reservoir, Calaveras and Tuolumne Coun- Sprinkler-irrigated Pear Orchard Near Placerville ties 34 El Dorado County 58 (7 ) FRANK B. DURKEE (^aohivitX 3|. 'Muiullt DIRECTOR >_ A^ > (fenlJcrnor ■^X^^ STATE OF CALIFORNIA ^cparhmnit nf ^tluhlir pUirks SACRAMENTO December 20. 1955 Honorable Goodwin J. Knight, Governor, and Members of the Legislature of the Slate of California Gentlemen : I have the honor to transmit herewith Bulletin No. 56 of the Division of Water Resources, Department of Public Works, entitled "Survey of Mountainous Areas," as authorized by the Flood Control Fund Act of 1946. Chapter 142, Statutes of 1946, and by Chapter 30, Statutes of 1947. The Survey of Mountainous Areas was conducted and Bulletin No. 56 was prepared by the Division of Water Resources, under the direction of the State Engineer. Bulletin No. 56 contains an inventory of the water resources of the moun- tainous areas, results of land use and irrigable land surveys, estimates of present and future Avater utilization and future water requirements, and possible plans for water development. Very truly yours. Frank B. Duikee Director of Public AVorks (9) HARVEY O. BANKS. ACTING STATE ENGINEER GOODWIN J. KNIGHT FRANK B. DURKEE CHIEF OF DIVISION GOVERNOR OF CALIFORNIA DIRECTOR STATE OF CALIFORNIA department of public ^orks SACRAMENTO ADDRESS REPLY TO DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES p. O. BOX 1079 Sacramento 5 PUBLIC WORKS building 1I20 N street December 20, ]955 Mk. Frank B. Durkee Director of PiiMic Works Pvhlic Works BviJding ISacramcnto, California Dear Mr. Durkee : There is transmitted herewith Bulletin No. 56 of the Division of Water Re.sources, Department of Public "Works, entitled "Survey of Mountainou.s Areas," as authorized by the Flood Control Fund Act of 1946, Chapter 142, Statutes of 1946, and by Chapter 30, Statutes of 1947. Under provisions of the cited statutes, funds in the amount of $250,000 were ajjpropriated to the Department of Public Works "... for surveying projects for the control, conservation and utilization of water resources for any beneficial purpose required for mountainous areas of this state ..." The Survey of Mountainous Areas was conducted and Bulletin No. 56 was prepared by the Division of Water Re.sources, Department of Public Works, under the direction of the State Enii-ineer. Additional funds provided by the Legislature have been expended by the Division of Water Resources in connection with the current State-wide Water Resources Investigation, certain results of which were used in connection with the Survey of Mountainous Areas. The area investigated, desigjiated as the "Mother Lode Region," embraces the mountain and foothill areas of the west slope of the central Sierra Nevada, including all of Amador, Cala- veras, Mariposa, and Tuolumne Counties; major portions of Butte, El Dorado, Nevada, Placer, and Yuba Counties; and smaller portions of Merced, Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Stanislaus Counties. Bulletin No. 56 contains an inventory of the surface water resources of the region, results of surveys conducted to determine the location and extent of irrigable lands and their present utilization, estimates of present and futi^re water utilization, ultimate water requirements, demands for water, and possible plans for water development in the ilother Lode Region, \'iM-v ti-iilv N'ours, ^^ l^^— Harvey O. Biink.s ActiiiK St.-itp ]'>ii«:iiieer ( 10) ACKNOWLEDGMENT Valuabli' assi.staiic-e and data used in tlie iiivestijiatiou wtn-c (■(inti-ibuled by agencies of the Federal (ioveniiueid, by cities, counties, and pnblic districts, by lirivatc c(nnpanies and indi\-idnals, and by tlie University of California. Tliis cooperation is liTatefnlly ackno\vli>d,L;'ed. ( 11 ; ORGANIZATION STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES FRANK B. DURKEE Director of Public Works HARVEY O. BANKS __ .....Acting State Engineer * WILLIAM L. BERRY Acting Assistant State Engineer * This bulletin was prepared under the direction of J. M. HALEY Supervising Hydraulic Engineer by R. G. EILAND Senior Hydraulic Engineer and F. Z. PIRKEY Senior Hydraulic Engineer J. ANGEL __ Assistant Hydraulic Engineer Assistance was furnished by H. A. HOWLETT Senior Hydraulic Engineer R. R. REYNOLDS Senior Hydraulic Engineer J. W. SHANNON Land and Water Use Specialist R. T. BEAN Senior Engineering Geologist F. E. BLANKENBURG Associate Hydraulic Engineer R. B. BOND ...Associate Hydraulic Engineer R. N. HALEY .Associate Soil Technologist J. H. LAWRENCE Associate Soil Technologist E. P. WARREN Associate Statistician H. E. ANDRUS.- Photogrammetrist II C. LANNING Assistant Hydraulic Engineer S. L. STRINGFIELD... Assistant Hydraulic Engineer J. MEZZANARES Assistant Hydrographer P. E. BENJAMIN Junior Civil Engineer J. L. JAMES Supervisor, Drafting Services L. N. CASE — — Senior Stenographer-Clerk HENRY HOLSINGER, Principal Attorney T. R. MERRYWEATHER, Administrative Officer ISABEL C. NESSLER, Coordinator of Reports *A. D. EDMONSTON, State Engineer, and T. B. WADDELL, Assistant State Engineer, were in charge of Ihis activity until their retirement on November 1, 1955. (12) i CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Almost one-fourth of the snrfaee water resources of California originates within the central Sierra Xevada region — the area under investigation in this i)ulletin. Although the water resources of the area far exceed its own idtiniate water re(i\iirenients, these resources have not been generally develojied for use within the region itself except in some small local areas. The large water supply projects which exist on most of the major streams have been developed for till" irrigation of agricultural areas on the Central \'alley floor, for municipal and industrial use in the metropolitan areas of the San Francisco Bay region, and for the generation of a substantial portion of th(> hydroelectric energy produced in California. The rapid increase in population in the State since World War II has resulted in increasing demands for the construction of new conservation projects on Sierra Nevada .streams, primarily to satisfy increasing needs for water outside the mountainous areas where the water originates. Some of these projects have already i-eached construction stages. Partly as a result of these increasing drafts on the water supply by outside agencies, and partly as a result of the accelerated growth which the mountain and foothill areas themselves have experienced since World War IT, the people of the region have shown mounting concern regarding the disposition of the local water resources. Their own demands for water are rising, and they consider the possibility that continued appropriation of water for use in outside areas may jeopardize their own future development. Their concern is evidenced by the formation in recent years of a number of new public water supply agencies, by the filing of numerous applications to appropriate water for present and future needs, and by general opposition to new applications to appro- l)riate water filed by agencies serving areas outside the region. It is a generally recognized principle that appro- priations and develo]nnent of water should not so (ijx'rate as to reduce available water supplies below that required to satisfy present and future needs in the areas where the water originates. It is equally recognized that the continued growth of agriculture, industry, and population in California can be sus- tained only if surplus watei-s from areas of origin are made available for export to areas of deficiency. It is essential, therefore, that the maxinmm future needs for water within the mountain and foothill areas of origin be carefully determined, so that maxi- uium (levelo)iincnt of the water resources of those areas may be planned on an equitable basis for the benefit of all concerned. AUTHORIZATION FOR INVESTIGATION In pursuance of the policy declared and adojited in the Water Resources Act of 1045, Chapter 1514, Statutes of 1945, the Legislature of the State of California created the Flood Control Fund by Chap- ter 142, Statutes of 1946. Section 15 of the statute reads as follows: "Sec. 15. Of the money in the Flood Control Fund of 1946, not more than two hundred fifty thousand dollars ($250,000) is hereby allocated to the Department of Public Works for expenditure only for the purpo.se of surveying flood control projects required for the mountainous areas of this State, including present sources of water sup- ply and the present means of controlling the same for such areas, and rejjorting to the Legislattire thereon. " By letter dated June 12, 1946. the Director of Public Works authorized and directed the Division of Water Resources, acting through the State Engi- neer, to act for the Department of Public Works to conduct the survey as outlined in Section 15 of the Flood Control Fund Act of 1946. The language of Section 15 was such that projects other than those of a purely flood control nature were excluded from the survey, and effective investigation of water re- sources problems of the mountainous areas cotdd not be undertaken. The 1947 Session of the State Legislature enactetl Chapter 30, Statutes of lfl47. which states as follows: "Sec. 1. The unexpended and luienciimbered balance of funds appropriated to the Flood Control Fund of 1946 by the Flood Control Fund Act of 1946 and allocated to the Department of Public Works b.y Section 15 of .said act, is hereby reap- propriated to the Department of Public Works to be expended exclusively for surveying projects for the control, con.servatiou and utilization of water resources for any beneficial purpose required for mountainous areas of this State and reporting to the Legislature thereon. "Sec. 2. The apjn-opriation made by this act shall be available for expenditure without regard (13) 14 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS to fiscal ycai-s and shall not hi' subject to the pro- visions (if Scrtitiii MV-HH (if the (iovernnient Code. •'See. ;!. Seetion 1.") of the Flood Conti-ol Act of 19-tli is lierehx- repealed. "See. 4. Tliis aet is hereby (h'clared to be an urgency measure necessary for tlie iniiuediate pres- ervation of the public peace, health or safet.\- within the meanini!' of Seetion 1 of Article IV of the Constitution and sliall therefore jio into im- mediate ett'ect. A statement of the facts eonstitutinj;' snch necessity is as follows: "The approjiriation liereby reappropriated be- came available for expenditure March 12, 1946, but questions of interpi'ctation of the act, its in- sufficiency to include other than strictly flood con- trol surveys, the infeasibilit>- of making surveys in many areas witliout including nudtiple use of water supplies involved and lack of available man power due to postwar conditions has necessitated post- ponement of other than very limited disbursements. It is necessary tliat this aet go into effect imme- diately in order that further delay may be avoided in planning water supply projects which are urgently needed for the maintenance, growth, and development of the areas benefited, in order to en- able innnediate preparations for commencement of work under favorable springtime weather condi- tions and in order to avoid postponement of field work until the imminence of unfavorable weather conditions." RELATED INVESTIGATIONS AND REPORTS Development of water resources in California re- ceived its greatest impetus from the rapid advance of irrigated agriculture during the decade following 1910. The State Legislature recognized the need for coordinated planning, and in 1921 appropriated funds for comprehensive water resources investiga- tions. That authorization, and subsecpu^nt appropria- tions in 1925 and 1929, resulted in the development of the State Water Plan, presented in Bulletin No. 2.") of the Division of Water Kesoui-ces, entitled "Report to the Legislature of 19;n on State Water Plan." The plan consisted of a number of individual projects which, in the aggregate, constituted a pattern for the coordinated conservation, control, and utilization of the water resources of the State. The major pro- posals of the State Water Plan were the Central Val- ley Project, now nearing completion, and the Colo- i-ado River de\-elopment of the ^MetrojKilitan Water District of Sonlliern California. Although the State Water Plan was intended to be comprehensive and state-wide in scope, it was never completed as planned. Further investigations and studies were practically suspended during the depression and war years from 1931 to 1945. Realiz- ing the need for renewed ])laiuung, the Legislature in 1945 created the State Water Resources Board, and in the following year passed the Flood Control Fund Act of 194(i. On recommendation of the State Water Res(Mirces P>oard, the Legislature in 1947 pro- vided initial funds for a comprehensive program of water resources investigations to be conducted by the State Engineer. The objective of these investigations is the preparation of a plan for maximum conserva- tion, control, protection, and utilization of the State's water resources, both surface and underground, to meet present and future water needs for all beneficial purposes in the entire State. This plan, since it is to be of state-wide scope, has been designated "The California Water Plan." To insure the continued progress of the comprehensive investigations for The California Water Plan the Legislature has jti'ovided additional funds by regular budgetary ai)]n-(i]iria- tions. A fundamental link between the state-wide in- vestigation and the Survey of Mountainous Areas is established by legislation enacted in 1981 and now contained in the Water Code as Sections 10500 to 10506, inclusive. These sections are now commonly referred to as the "Counties of Origin Act." Under the provisions of these sections of the Water Code, the State Department of Finance has filed applica- tions to appropriate water at various points in the Feathei', Yuba, Bear, American, Cosumnes, Mokel- umne, Calaveras, Stanislaus, and Tuohnnne River basins, and on Littlejohns Creek within the area under investigation. Sections 10504 and 10505 of the Water Code pro- vide as follows : "10504 — The Department of Finance may re- lease from priority or assign any portion of any appropriation filed by it under this part when the . release or assignment is for the purpose of develop- I ment not in conflict with such general or coordi- nated plan (the State Water Plan). "10505 — No priority under this part shall be re- leased nor assignment made of any a]ipro|ii-iation that will, in the judgment of the Department of Finance, dein-ive the county in which the appro- priated water originates of any such water neces- sary for the development of the county." The |iowei's of the Water Project Antliority for the construction and operation of the Central Valley Project are limited in similar manner by Sections 114(;() and 114(1:! of the Water Code. It is clear lhat' a fundamental prere(|uisite to the formulation of The California Water Plan is the evaluation of the ulti- mate water re(|uirenu'nts of the "Ccninties of Origin. " Pi'ogressing concurrently with the s1at(>-wide in- vestigation are a number of sjiecial investigations being conducted under the direction of the State Water Resotirces Board in cooperation with local INTRODl'CTIOX 15 ayenc'ies. Two of tlicsp investigations i-ovcr areas ])ai-tially in and adjacent to tlie area under investiga- tion in this bulletin. They are interdependent, there- fore, with the Survey of Mountainous Areas, and data eoUet'ted in eonneetiou witli tlieni have been utilized herein. State Water Resources Board Bulletin No. 6, "Sutter- Yuba Counties Investigation," was published in September, 1952. The others, now completed, are the Placer County Investigation and the San Joatinin County Investigation. Drafts of the reports covering these investigations, Bulletins Nos. 10 and 11, respec- tively, were furnished to concerned local interests in lll.i4 foi' their review and comments. SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION AND REPORT The primary ob.jeetives of the Survey of Moun- tainous Areas are the establishment of maximum future water requirements and the development of plans for projects which will satisfy those require- ments. To attain these objectives, the investigation embraced a survey of the location, type, and extent of all lands suitable for irrigation, a determination of ])resent land use and present water utilization, esti- mates of ultimate water requirements both for agri- cultural and urban areas, a survey of the water resources of the area, and consideration of alternative jilans for project development. Field work and office studies Avere initiated in 1947, and continued into 1954. A detailed land classification and land use survey Avas undertaken at the outset of the investigation and was c()m])]eted in three years. By field examination of such factors as depth and type of soil, slope, and drainage, all lands suitable for irrigation, either developed or potentially capable of development, were classified and delineated on aerial photographs. The survey, covering au area of almost 6,()()U square miles, is fuudameiital to the determination of present and ultimate water utilization, the establishment of water service areas, and the planning of reservoirs and distribution systems. Estimates of present and ultimate water utilization required studies of consumptive use of water by various crops, and estimates of present and nltinuite url)an population. The procedure followed in making consumptive use estimates was checked by field studies of test plots in Placer County. Numei'ons field surveys of dam and reservoir sites were conducted, involving jilane table and photo- grammetric mapping and geologic examinations. Reconnaissance surveys were made of possible conduit routes from points of storage to points of use. A comprehensive survey of the water resources in and available to the area was conducted in order to determine the best sources of water supply for the various water service areas. In addition to study and analysis of available stream tlow records, the work required the develoiuiient of methods of estimating rnnotf at numerous jxtints remote from existing gag- ing stations. The develoi)iiient of project plans in- volved general operational studies of reservoirs, power plants, and conveyance systems. Results of the Survey of Mountainous Areas ai-e presented in the four ensuing chajjlers. ('hai)ter II, "Water Sujiply, " contains data and evaluations of precii)itation and runoff. Chai)ter III, "Water Utili- zation and Requirements," contains data and esti- mates pertaining to land classification, water service areas, present and future land use, and present and future water utilization. Chapter IV, "Plans for Water Development," describes preliminary plans for conservation and utilization of available water supplies to meet probable ultimate water re(iuire- ments. Chapter V comprises a summary and a broad evaluation of the studies and analyses presented in Chapters II. Ill, and IV. Plans for water development in the area under investigation in this bulletin will be later presented as parts of the forthcoming California Water Plan. AREA UNDER INVESTIGATION The area under investigation embraces the moun- tain and foothill areas of the west slope of the central Sierra Nevada, including all of Amador, Calaveras, Mariposa, and Tuolumne Counties ; major portions of Butte, El Dorado, Nevada, Placer, and Yuba Coun- ties; and minor portions of Merced, Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Stanislaus Counties. The area extends from the north boundary of Butte County to the south boundary of Mariposa County. The east bound- ary of the area is the Sierra Nevada divide, except where the divide enters Alpine, Sierra, and Plumas Counties. In these localities the east boundary of the area coincides with the west boundary of those coun- ties. The western limit of the area is defined gen- erally as the boundary between the Central Valley floor and the foothill areas. This boundary is a mean- dering line not susceptible to a precise description of its location. The boiuidary was established, for the most part, on the assumption that the Centi-al Valley floor includes all areas situated below the large multi- purpose reservoirs, either existing or ])roposed for construction, at or near the edge of the valley floor on all of the major sti-eams and on many of the minor streams. Examples of such reservoirs ai'e Ex- chequer on the Merced River, Folsom on the Amer- ican River, and Oroville on the Feather River. In localities where possible conduit lines from such res- ervoirs did not iirovide logical boundaries according to the fundamental definition, the boundary was established by other nu>ans. For simplicity of ref- erence, the area under investigation is designated the "Mother Lode Region."' The region is about 200 miles long, has a maximum width of aliciut lis miles, and 16 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS embraces a total area of about 11,000 square miles. Its location is indicated on Plate 1, entitled "Loca- tion of the Mother Lode Region," and is shown in frreater detail on Plate 2, entitled "Water Service Areas and Major Public Water xVgencies, 1951." For project planuinj.;' purposes, as well as for ease of reference, the Mother Lode Region is divided into two major zones designated as the "national forest zone" and the "agricultural zone." The latter is further divided into 49 water service areas, the boundaries of which are established primarily on the basis of probable sources of water supply and of topographic features controlling the locations of pos- sible canals from points of storage to points of use. Although the water utilization of the national forest zone is given consideration, this area is not divided into service areas because large-scale developments, requiring water supply projects of substantial pro- portions, are not foreseen for the zone. Instead, it is believed that such M^ater as will be required will be obtained largely by local developments serving- areas of limited extent. The boundaries of these zones and service areas are indicated on Plate 2. A detailed description of each service area, covering its location, climate, physical features, present development, and sources of present water supply, is presented in Ap- pendix A. Physiography and Climafe With elevations ranging from 100 feet to more than 13,000 feet above sea level, the Mother Lode Region experiences wide variations in tojDOgraphy. The terrain changes from nearly flat along the edge of the Central Valley floor to rolling and hilly in zones of moderate elevation, and becomes rugged and mountainous at the high elevations. Many streams cut the area from east to west, the major water- courses being deepl.v intrenched with narrow flood- plains. In many cases, the ridges between major streams are relativel.v broad, with moderate slopes and fairly deep soils. The rolling foothills in the western part of the region are characterized by large areas of open grass- land, iuters])ersed with zones of scrub oak and brush. The mountainous eastern portions of the region are generall.v heavil.v forested with the typical Sierra conifers. At the highest elevations, lai-ge areas of bare granitic rocks are common, and numerous glacial lakes exist. Above the 3,500- to 4,000-foot level, vir- tuall.v all of the region is within national forest boundaries. Due to the great variation in elevation of the Mother Lode Region there are great dilferences in climate. The foothill zones normall.v experience very hot and dry summers and mild winters, while the higher central zone is characterized bv moderate sum- mers and cold winters. Above the 5,000-foot level, winters are long and usuall.v quite severe, with heavy snowfalls being the rule. Due to the influence of var- iable topograph.v on such factors as humidity, winds, exposure, and air drainage, climatic conditions may vary substantially within very short distances. An ex- ample of such a condition is the five-degi"ee difference in mean annual temperatures at Grass Valley and Nevada City. The two towns are located about five miles apart at the same elevation and with equal precipitation. Variation in climate causes consider- able differences in the length of the growing season in the region. Within the agricultural zone the grow- ing season varies generally from four and one-half months at the highest elevations to nine months at the lowest elevations. Tribufary Streams The primary drainage system of the Mother Lode Region consists of seven major streams which head at the crest of the Sierra Nevada and flow generally westward to the Central Valley floor where they empty into the Sacramento River or into the San Joaquin River. Numerous minor streams drain smaller watersheds of low to moderate elevation located be- tween the lower basins of the major streams. From north to south, the major strea7ns of the region are the Feather, Yuba, American, Mokelumne, Stanislaus, Tuolumne, and Merced Rivers. Of these streams, the first three named are tribntar.v to the Sacramento River, while the others empty into the Sau Joaiinin. On the basis of areas tributary to the SacrauuMito and San Joati^iin Rivers, respectively, the Mother Lode Region may be divided conveniently into northern and southei'u sections. Many of the minor streams empty iuto major streams beyond the west boundarv of the region, while others discharge directly into the Sacramento or San Joaquin River. A few of the minor streams drain into the tidal channels of the Sacrauu^nto-San Joaijnin Delta. The most important of the minor streams are Bear River and lluttc Creek in the northern part of the region, and the ('(isumnes and Calavei-as Rivers in the southern section. Geology The adaptabilit.v of soils for agricnltiu-al use is determined in part by the nature of the geological materials from which they are derived. The ensuing description of the geology of the Mother Lode Region serves as a basis for subsequent discussion of the soils of the region with respect to their origin, classifica- tion, and suitabilit.v for agricultural development. An understanding of the geologv is also essential in evaluating conditions at proposed dam sites in the region; in addition, quality of water is largely deter- mined by the composition of rock formations with which the water comes in contact. The Sierra Nevada is essentiall.v a tilted block having a steep eastern face and a gentle western IXTKOOrCTloX 17 .slope. Topograijhy is nifjfii'd ia the vicinity of deeply incised stream canj'ons. However, in areas at some distance from those streams it is moderately rolling or ill i>laces nearly tlat. The areas of low relief are remnants of an old erosion surface into which the stream system is now actively cutting. The Sierra Nevada block within the limits of the Mother Lode Region is composed principally of steeply dijiping meta-sedimeiits and associated igneous and meta- igneous rocks on the flanks of the granitic core of the range. Dip of the meta-sediments is generally east- ward and averages about 70 degrees. Tertiary volcanic rocks, including both flows and pyroclastics, overlie the older rocks. Gently dipping Tertiary sediments overlie the lower .slopes of the block and farther west pass beneath the more recent alluvium of the Central Valley. Strike of the older rocks in the Sierra Nevada lilock is northwesterly, generally parallel to the range itself, and in ])laces tributary streams flow through valleys develojied along that strike. The tilt of the Sierra Nevada block is the result of vertical move- ment of many thousands of feet along the eastern face of the range. An outstanding geological feature of the region is the famous IMother Lode, a mile-wide belt of gold- bearing quartz veins extending for a distance of about 120 miles through the lower mountain zones of Mari- posa, Tuolumne, ('alaveras, Amador, and El Dorado Counties. From south to north, the Mother Lode passes through or near the towns of Maripo.sa, James- town, Angels Camp, San Andreas, Jackson, Sutter Creek, Plymouth, Placerville, and Georgetown. Gold was discovered in the Alother Lode in 1849, and within a few years the great mining boom was on. Pre-upper Cretaceous rocks forming the Sierra Nevada block are referred to as the ' ' Bedrock series, ' ' as opposed to the "Superjacent series" deposited on parts of the block after the intrusion, folding, and faulting of the late Mesozoic era. The Bedrock series is composed of a number of more or less distinct geological formations hereinafter described. The Calaveras formation is a thick series of meta- morphosed sedimentarj^ rocks which include phjilite, ((uartzite, ci-ystalline limestone, and chert. Green amjihibolite schi.st of contem])oraneous age is asso- ciated with the formation. Fossils found in the Calaveras have resulted in it being a.ssigned a Car- boniferous age, although some sediments both older and younger may be included in it. The Calaveras formation occupies- a large area immediately east of the Mother Lode along the entire axis of the area under investigation, and also occupies a long strip along the west flank of the Mother Lode from the latitude of Angels Camp to Colfax. The Mariposa formation of Jurassic age is com- posed principally of black slate and graywacke. Intcrbcdtled volcanic rocks have been altered to green- stone. The Mariposa rocks have obviously been sub- .iected to a milder degree of metamor|)liism than those in the Calaveras formation. The Marip(jsa formation occupies two prominent, slightly irregular, but nearly continuous strips along the western side of the two bands occupied by the Calaveras formation. The east- ern strip lies generally along the ^lothei- Lode and includes the famous gold-bearing slates. Many varieties of igneous rocks older than the main Sierra Nevada granitic batliolith occur near the western base of the range. Most widespread of these are amphibolite, porphyrite, and diabase, all of which are sometimes included in the term "greenstone." These rocks, which are somewhat foliated and classi- fied as ineta-igneous, occur both interbedded with the Calaveras and Mariposa formations and in broad belts without associated sedimentary rocks. They are of volcanic origin and contain a notable variety of rock types. The amphibolite is usually green, fine- grained, and schistose, and was probably derived principally from augitic tuffs and breccias. The por- phyrite and diabase are quite resistant to weathering and erosion. Hills and ridges underlain by the latter rocks include Oregon Hills in Yuba County ; Pinon Blanco Ridge and ]\Ioccasiii Peak in Tuolumne County ; Buekhorn and Bullion Peaks in Mariposa County; and Bear Mountain and Gopher Ridge in Calaveras County. The oldest plutonic rocks that in- vaded the area in probable late Jui-assic time were intrusions of pei'idotite which occur in bodies elon- gated in the general direction of the regional strike. These rocks have been largely altered to serpentine. A typical area is the Red Hills near Chinese Camp in Tuohnnne County. The main body of Sierra Nevada granotliorite with variations from gabbro to granite is ex])osed in the higher portions of the Sierra Nevada. Relatively large bodies of granitic rocks also appear in various loca- tions in lower elevations. These acidic intrusive rocks weather and erode easily, as evidenced by lowland areas developed west of French Corral in Yuba County and the Rocklin area in Placer County, and by stream valleys developed on the Tuohnnne River near Don Pedro Bar and on StaiiisUins River north- west of Coliunbia. Sediments of late Cretaceous. Tertiary, and Quat- ernary age overlie the western portion of the steeply dipping, folded Bedrock series with marked luicoii- formity. Igneous rocks of contemporaneous age overlie portions of the main Sierra Nevada granitic batliolith. These rocks have been termed the Super,iacent series. The Chico formation, composed of clastic sedimen- tary rocks of upper Cretaceous age, is the oldest of the Superjacent series and appears only in stream valleys in northern Butte County in the area under investigation in this bulletin. 18 SURVEY OP MOUNTAINOITS AREAS The lone formation of the Eocene is next in ap'e to the Chieo formation, and consists of clays, clayey sandstones, shale, and some lignite laid down near the shore of the sea which occupied the Central Valley in early Tertiary time. These deposits lie to tlie west of the Bedrock series and extend in a noi-thwesterly- trendiii"' strip running through lone and INIichigan Bar. Auriferous gravels were laid down in stream channels in the Sierra Nevada block ]iroper during the Tertiary period. These gravels are in part Eocene in age and in part younger. In many places these de- posits have been preserved under a capping of later volcanics. Overlying the lone formation and hence forming the surface material immediately west thereof is the Valley Springs formation of Miocene age, com- posed principally of clay and conglomerate derived from rhyolitic material and rh.yolitic tuff. Next in age is the Mehrten formation, composed of sediments dominantl.v andesitic in composition. It appears on the surface along a belt lying west of the outcrop of the Valley Springs formation. It is of Miocene and/or Pliocene age, and neither it nor the Valley Springs formation is in evidence north of the latitude of the American River. Unconsolidated deposits of the Pliocene and Pleis- tocene occur along- the east side of the Sacramento Valley, generally west of the area under investigation in this bulletin. Recent alluvial deposits occurring along the principal axis of the Central Valley ex- tend, together with the Plio-Pleistocene alluvium, into the area under investigation to a minor extent along major streams and in a few isolated small valleys. Volcanic activity of the Tertiary period covered much of the Sierra Nevada block with rhyolitic material and later with andesitic deposits, remnants of which commonlj' overlie the main mass of Sierra Nevada granitics or the Calaveras formation. Trans- portation and deposition of this material along the base of the Sierra Nevada led to formation of the Valley Springs and Mehrten formations. A few Tei-tiary basalt flows are preserved on the western Sierra Nevada slope in the vicinity of Jamestown in Tuolumne County and Oroville in Butte County. There are a number of other geological formations of small areal extent generally near the crest of the Sierra Nevada or in the extreme northern part of the region, which are of no importance to its agri- cultural economy. These include Cenozoic volcanics, Jura-Trias meta-volcanics (including the Sailor Can- yon formation). Paleozoic meta-volcanics, Triassie meta-sediments and Paleozoic meta-sediments other than the Calaveras formation. The geological formations of the Mother Lode Region are delineated on the State Geological Map prepared by the Department of Natural Resources, Division of Mines. The.v are shown in more detail in various folios of 1iic United States (!eolo"'ical Survey. Soils A cooperative program of soil surveys, between the Bureau of Plant Industry of the Ihiited States De- partment of Agricidture and the College of Agri- culture of the University of California, has been in existence for many years. Under this program most valley lauds of the State have been mapped and many soil series and types classified. Ilowevei-, in the ilother Lode Region soil surveys have been conducted on foothill and mountainous agricidtural lands only in the vicinity of Placerville, Auburn, and Grass Valley. The eastern fringe of some of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valley surveys extends into the lower portion of the region. Soils in the Jlother Lode Region are closely related to the parent geological material from which they have been formed. It is possible through use of the geological map of the area to determine general soil series-groups based on parent geologic material and the rainfall zone in which the soil occurs. By defini- tion, a soil series-group is cami)osed of a number of soil series which have similar ma.ior ph.vsical char- acteristics and whose formation was influenced by common soil-forming factors. The list of the adopted soil series-groups in California and the various soil series included in the groups may be found by re- ferring to "Manual for Identifying and Classifying California Soil Series."' by R. Earl Storie and Walter W. Weir, published in 194S by the Associated Stu- dents Store of the Universit.v of California. Soils may be divided into two categories, called primar.y or residual soils and secondary soils. Resid- ual soils are those which have been formed in place from underlying bedrock through action of weather- ing and other soil-forming processes. These residual soils ma.v be further divided according to the nature of the parent material into three groups, as follows : soils developed fi'om basic igneous rocks which have only a small anu)uut of free quartz ; .soils developed from quartz-bearing acid-igneous rocks; and soils developed from sedimentary rocks of mixed origin. Secondary soils are those which have been transported from their place of formation by the ]U'ocess of ero- sion aiul rede)iosited in a new localit.v. They var.v in age from recent alluvial dejiosits to old valley fillings which have undergone considerabli' de-\-cl(i]uii('iit since having been laid down. Soils of the greater part of the ^Mother Lode Region are residual and, therefore, may be assigned an appropriate series-group bv reference to the geological map. Soils formed on .aii.v of the Bedrock series of rocks and on the older more consolidated rocks of the Supei'.iaceut series are primary soils. Secondary soils are found along the western edge of the area in the Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Recent alluvial deposits, excejit that an occasional small valle.v in the foothill areas alonu' an active stream nuiv contain secondarv IXTKODIU'TIOX If) soils on its flood i)laiii. (h\ Plate '^, entitled "Soils of the Mother Lode Hefiion," are shown the general locations of the soil series-groups. Residnal soils derived from eoarse-textured, acid- igneous, granitie roeks are ])laee(l in the Holland series-group. These soils have develo]ied on the gi'anitie eore of the Sierra Nevada under inter'niediate to high rainfall. Native vegetation is doniinantly timber or timber-grass, to])()gra]ihie eonditious are rolling to steeply rolling with smooth surfaces except wliere broken by ei'osion or rcvk outeroppings, and drainage is good to excessive. Parent material form- ing the Holland series-grou]! gives ri.se to soils that have excellent physical characteristics. They are mainly of coarse to medium texture, in which sandy loam and loam t.vpes predominate, and have a soft cloddy to granular structure. The soils contain no linu\ are slightly to strongly acidic in reaeti(Ui, low in organic matter, and, despite inherent productive deficiencies, respond favorably under good manage- ment. Their poor water-holding capaeit.v makes them generally uiulesirable for shallow-rooted crops. Residual soils derived from fine-textured basic ig- neous rocks include the Aiken, Auburn, and Moutara scries-grou]is. The Aiken series-group has developed ]U-incipally on Tertiary volcauics and Jurassic meta- Aolcanics in the higher elevations, under timber cover with intei'mediate to high rainfall. Soils are generally fine-textured, topographic conditions are rolling to steeply rolling, and di'ainage is generally good, ex- cept in local fiat or depressed areas. The Auburn series-gi'ou]i has developed junncipally on meta-vol- canics of Jurassic time which, occur along the west- ern ])art of the ai-ea iiaralleling the Mothei- Lode luider an intermediate rainfall on rolling to steep to))ograi)]iy. Vegetation is mainly scattered oak and grass. Drainage is generall,v good, although local flats or depressed areas are sub.iect to seepage and retarded drainage. Soils developed from these basic igneous I'ocks are low in silica and high in calcium and magnesium, and have favorable chemical eharaeteristies. These soils are of medium to fine texture, in which clay and silty cla.v loam t.vpes predominate, and have a good watei'-holdiug and high base exchange capaeit.v. The Aiken series-group, containing the typical red soils of the foothills, consists of deeper soils than the Avib- uru series-group, and is better suited for the produc- tion of deep-rooted orchard crops. The Auburn sei-ies-group contains the distinctive "tombstone rock" outeroppings of tli.c amphibolite schist, and, in the northern jtart of the area, the nonagrieultural vol- canic mudfiows. Permanent pasture, such as ladino clover or mixed grasses, can be ]n-oduced on Auburn and Aiken series-group soils. The Montara series-group has developed in ]ilace on serpentinized rocks, under variable rainfall, on rolling to steep topography. Vegetation is brusli or brush- grass, and di-ainage is good. These soils have unfavor- able clicmical cliaracteristics and have, at the present time, little agricnltui-ai \ahic. Kesidual soils derived from consolidated oi- i)artially consolidated sedimentary rocks include the lingo, Vallecitos, and (ioldridge series-groups, and include a wide variety of soils derived from tlie Mariposa and Calaveras formations and from llie partially con.sol- idated Eocciu> and Miocene dei)osits. The Hugo series-gi'oup has been developed (ui shales and slates under intermediate to high rain- fall, on rolling to steep topography. Vegetation is mainly grass, and surface drainage is good to exces- sive. These soils are .shallow, particularly in the lower elevations, and are |n-obably best suited for develop- ment of permajient irrigated pasture. In the lower elevations, where rainfall and weathering are lighter, these soils contain considerable slaty rock outcrop- ping. However, owing to the fractured nature of the bedrock, some of the deeper soils ])robably could be used for vineyards and shallow-T-ooted orchard crops where other conditions are favorable. In areas where nu4a-volcanics are iuterbedded with the Calaveras and Mariposa fm'inations the Hugo and Auburn series-groups occur in close ])roximity. Where these conditions exist, Hugo and Auburn soils are shown on Plate .'i by a separate convention which may be ternu^d the Auburn-Hugo complex. Similarly, both Hugo and Auburn soils will be found intermingled in areas which are shown on Plate ;^ as jircdominately in the Aiken series-groiip. The A'allecitos series-group of soils has developed from softly to moderately consolidated mixed sedi- ments of the Mehrten and Tone formations, luider intermediate i-ainfall, on rolling to steep topogi-aphy. Drainage is good to excessive, and natural vegetation is oak-grass. The Goldridge serie.s-group of soils has dcA-eloped from softly consolidated depo.sits of tnffa- ceous material of the Valley Springs formation under intermediate rainfall, on rolling to steep tojjography. Natural vegetation is grass, and drainage is good to excessive. The Vallecitos and Goldridge series-groups of soils are shallow, but, owing to the unconsolidated nature of their subsoils, root growth is not obstructed. They contain a wide variety of soil series of extremely variable agricultural value in a complex erosional pattern, and are overlain in many local areas by later secondary soils of the San Joa(piin, Coi-ning, and Redding series-gi-oups. Tliis soil complex is de- lineated under a single convention on Plate 3. These soils are jiredominately of the more infertile t.vpes, tyjiified b.v the "haystack inountain" topograph.x- and white sands of the Tone formation. The largest area of agricultural im|>oitance is in the Jack.son and lone Valle.vs of Amador Count.\-. North of the Anu'i-- ican River the covering of sccondai-y soils becomes nearlv continuous. The better soils in this cdinplex Modern Lumbering in Amador County Courtesy of State Division of Highways IXTRODUCTIOX 21 group within tlie region are now utilizi'd for tlie pro- diu-tioii of dry-fanned olives, some almonds, and grain. Irrigation is practiced wiiere water is available. Secondary soils developed from mixed alluvium occupy the entire floor of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, and extend into the Mother Lode Region only along: its extreme western margin and along alluvial plains bordering iiia.jor streams. Soils that have developed on old ])lain and terrace sedi- ments, originating from \arious rock sources of both the Bedrock and Superjacent series, include the Redding, Sau Joaquin, Corning, Stockton, and Keefers series-groups. These soils have been maturely weathered and modified in place subsequent to dep- osition, under light and intermediate rainfall, and have developed a more or less firmly cemented hard- pan or accumulation of heavy cla.v in the subsoil. Natural vegetation is brush and grass, and drainage is .slow in the subsoil. These soils are usually of little value for any use other than pasture. The Columbia and Vina series-groups represent recent alluvial soils. They are found along flood plains of the principal streams in the Central Valley, generally below the ba.se of the foothills. They extend into the region to a minor extent along the watercourses, but in most instances their agricultural value has been destroyed by extensive placer mining operations. All secondary soil series-groups are shown on Plate 3 under a single convention. Present Development Development of the Mother Lode Region began in ]S4S with the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill, near the town of Coloma on the South Fork of the Amer- ican River, The mining boom which followed reached tremendous proportions, and resulted in rapid devel- opment of lumbering and agriculture, and a large growth in population. The advent of hydraulic min- ing led to the construction of numerous reservoirs and hundreds of miles of canals and ditches to pro- vide the water needed for gold-mining purposes. With a water sn]iply of some dependability available from the mining ditches, irrigated agriculture developed into an important activity. Within a period of 20 years after the beginning of the gold rush, the Mother Lode Region achieved its peak development. With the subsequent decline in gold mining, the region entered a period of recession which continued until the end of World War I. Since that time the region has been OH the rise again, but its rate of growth since World War 11 does not approach that of the rest of the State, The rise and decline of the region and its sub- •seiiuent upswing are illustrated by comparative popu- lation figures for the six counties which lie almost completely within the boundaries of the Mother Lode Kegion. These figures are given in Table 1. The population of the region is predominantly rural in character. Tlie lai'gest towns in the region TABLE 1 POPULATION TRENDS IN SIX COUNTIES, MOTHER LODE REGION Population County I860 1880 1900 1920 1940 19.50 ,\mador 10,903 16,299 20.562 6.243 16.446 16,229 11.384 13.118 10.683 4.339 20.823 7.848 11.116 11.200 8.986 4.720 17.789 11.166 7.793 6.183 6.426 2,77.'-. 10.830 7.768 8.973 8.221 13,229 ,'),fi05 19.283 10,887 9,151 Calaveras -. . Kl Dorado 9.902 16.207 5.145 Nevada.- . Tuolumne __ 19,888 12..584 TOTALS 86.709 68.195 64,977 41.795 66.198 72,877 are Oroville and Grass Valley, with i)opulations of i3,887 ami 5,288, respectively, according to the lil'iO census. There w-ere only five other towns in the region with po]nilations of 2,500 or more, Within recent years a new type of settlement has begun in the region and is increasing steadily. Where water is available, people are developing small tracts to grow fruits and garden vegetables, and supple- menting their incomes by part-time employment in lumbering, mining, or tourist-catering enterprises. Retired people are being attracted to the region by its desirable climate and scenic beauty, and many are settling on small tracts along the important scenic highways. Impressive evidence of such developments may be found in the Paradise area of Butte County and along U, S. Highways 50 and 40 in El Dorado and Placer Counties. Tran.sportation facilities vary from excellent to poor in different parts of the region. The region is crossed by two major transcontinental railroads, the Southern Pacific and Western Pacific, and there are several branch railroads in various localities. Most of the region, however, has no direct rail service. U. S. Highways 40 and 50, with all-year roads, cross the Sierra Nevada in the central part of the region, and several state roads cross in other sections. The latter are usually clo.sed by snow at the high elevations during the winter months, Jlany localities are served only by eount.v roads of limited utility. The economy of the ilother Lode Region is founded on four basic industries — lumbering, hydroelectric power generation, agriculture, and mining. Basic economic activities of lesser importance are tourist and recreational trades and manufacturing. The lumber industry has been a major activity in the Mother Lode Region since the days of the gold rush, and has experienced a substantial expansion in recent years to satisfy the accelerated demands for timber products brought about by World War IT and by the subse(iuent rapid increase in the jiopulation of California. Many of the best timber areas have been logged oft", however, and it appears now that the in- Central Eureka Gold Mine, Amador County Courtesy of Amador County Chamber of Commerce INTRODUCTION 28 dustry will stabilize itself eventually on the basis of long-ranpe, sustained yield operations within the national forest reserves. The future of the industry appears to be one of stabilization rather than one of expansion. The s'pueration of hydroeleetric power is of major significance in the Mother Ijode Rejrion, and has in- creased substantially over the years to satisfy the I demands foi' i^ower brought about by the increase I in the iiopulation of California. The eombination of I available rnnotT and favorable elevations in the re- gion has made possible the development of this power. I Although it is probable that the available water supply i will ultimately serve a conibiiiation of beneficial uses, I it is also iirobable that a considerable further expan- i sion in liydi-dclectric develoinncnt may he expected. Duriiifi' the great mining boom, high prices for food caused a rajiid develoiMuent of agriculture in the Mother Lode Region, jirincipally serving local mar- kets. However, the decline in mining activities which occurred after the boom period resulted in a sub- stantial decrease in population, and local markets for agricultural products suffered a corresponding deterioration. Although attempts were made to de- velo]i markets outside the region, the farmers in the foothill areas were unable to comjiete with those on the Central Valley floor who enjoyed such important advantages as low cost and plentiful water supplies, highl3' productive land, longer growing seasons, and ready access to markets. This unfavorable economic position resulted in the curtailment of agricultural activity in the Mother Lode Rcfiion. notably in the growing of such market crojis as were also grown in valley tioor areas. Cattle raising and fruit growing, for which the region offered particular advantages, eventually became the dominant activities in the re- duced agricultural economy, and they remain so to this day. Accordinji' to a survey conducted for this investigation during 1948 through 1950, less than 10 per cent of the irrigable land in the region was being irrigated. The survey revealed a total irrigated area of some 63,000 acres, more than 85 per cent of which are in the northern half of the region. An ad- ditional area of about 57,000 acres was dry-farmed. Orchards and pasture accounted for virtually all of the irrigated crops, while the bulk of the dry-farmed land was ])lanted in grain hay. Although agriculture is one of the three foremost economic activities in the Mother Lode Region, its present development is only a small fraction of the ])otential development which could be realized if dependable water supplies were made available at reasonable cost. Gold mining is still an industry of importance in the region, but present production does not approach that of the yiAHt. Legislation and <'0urt decisions lim- iting the disposal of debris in riv(>i-s and streams have virtually halted hydraulic minintr. Many of the great lode mines and underground placer works which closed down during World War II have been unable to resume operations on a profitable basis due to in- creased costs of production and to federal i-rj;ula- tion of the price of gold. Among other minerals pro- duced in the rcfiion ai'i' coppci', limestone, chroinite. and slate. It is possible that a substantial increase in miniufi- development could occur as a result of future economic conditions. In any event, miiiinL;- is exjiected to retain its place as one of tlu' basic indus- tries of the re^i'ion. Th<> climate and the jiTcat scenic iicanty of the Mother Lode Re<:ion have led to the develo|)mciit of many recreational and resort areas, of which Yo- Semite National Park is world ramous. The ecpially famous Lake Tahoe area is just beyond the eastern boundary of the region, and numerous state ])arks and national monuments exist. The variety of facili- ties offering all tyi)es of winter and summer sports has made the region one of the foremost recreational areas in America. Tourist-caterini;- enteriirises have become an important economic activity in the region. Amoni.;' the smaller industries are food-processing plants, princii)ally in the Auburn and Placerville areas of Placer and El Dorado Counties, a large cement plant near San Andreas in Calaveras County, and a clay lu-odncts plant at Lincoln in Placer County. The relative imjiortance of the basic industries of the Mother Lode Region is indicated by a comparison of the dollai' value of production for the calendar year 1949. Figures for the six c(mnties which are comiiletely, or very nearly completely, within the boundaries of the re<;'ion are listed in Tabic 2. TABLE 2 ESTIMATED VALUE OF 1949 PRODUCTION BY BASIC INDUSTRIES IN SIX COUNTIES, MOTHER LODE REGION (In dollars) County Lumbering .Agriculture Mining .\inador — - - Calaveras El Dorado . - . . Mariposa 4,120.000 7,150,000 12,150.000 1,760.000 3.790.000 10.660,000 2,095,000 2,095,000 3.632,000 1,7.56,000 1.407.000 2,295.000 905,000 5.047.000 1 .550.000 326,000 4.034,000 Tuolumne 784,000 TOT.\LS 39,630,000 13,280,000 12,646,000 Values of agricultural production shown in the ta- ble are taken from reports of the California Cro]) and Livestock Reporting Service. The figures represent cash farm income. The data given for mininir production represent gross income, as rei)orted by the ilineral Information Service of the California Department of Natural Rescmrces, Division of Klines. Values of lum- 24 SURVEY OP MOUNTAINOUS AREAS ber production were computed by applying estimated dollar values to the lumber cut, as reported by the California Forest and Range Experiment Station at the University of California. The figures given in the table represent the value of rough lumber at the saw- mill. Values added by milling and finishing are not included. The tabulation indicates clearly the leading position of the lumbering industry in the present economy of the Mother Lode Region. It is believed, however, that agriculture offers the greatest opportunities for ex- pansion, and that it may eventually supersede lum- bering as the number one economic activity of the region. CHAPTER II WATER SUPPLY The water supply of the Mother Lode Region largely occurs as precipitation and ensuing surface runoff. Because of its limited occurrence, ground water is not considered a significant resource of the region. However, in many places small Avater supplies are obtained from individual shallow wells for domestic and stockwatering purposes, and in some localities water is pumped from wells for minor irri- gation use. Ground Avater basins within the region are of only local significance and very limited in potential yield. For this reason, it is considered that under ultimate development all irrigation water require- ments will be satisfied in part by direct precipitation on the irrigable lands and in part by surface diA'ersion from streams and reservoirs. No attempt is made, therefore, to evaluate such ground water resources as may exist in the region as a potential source of water supply. In this chapter, the water supply of the Mother Lode Region is considered and evaluated under the general headings "Precipitation," "Runoff," and "Quality of Water." Terms used in the discussion are defined as follows : Annual — This refers to the 12-month period from January 1st of a given year through December 31st of the same year, sometimes termed the "calendar year. ' ' Seasonal — This refers to any 12-month period other than the calendar year. Precipitation Season — The 12-month period from Jul.v 1st of a given year through June 30th of the following year. Runoff Season — The 12-montli period from October 1st of a giA'en year through September 30th of the following year. Mean Period — A period chosen to represent conditions of water supply and climate over a long period of years. Mean — This is used in reference to arithmetical aver- ages relating to mean periods. Average — This is used in reference to arithmetical averages relating ■ to periods other than mean periods. Natural Runoff (Flow) — The flow of a stream as it would be if unaltered by upstream diversion, stor- age, import, export, or change in npstream con- sumptive use caused by development. Natural run- oft" is reconstructed from measured (actual ) runoff by allowing for the quantitative effect of alterations in stream flow above the point where the flow is measured. In studies for the curi-ent State-wide Water Re- sources Investigation, it was determini'd that the 50-year i)eriod from 1897-98 through 1946-47 is the mo.st satisfactory for estimating mean precipitation. Similarly, the .53-year period from 1894-95 through 1946-47 was selected as a basis for estimating mean seasonal runoff. In studies for the Survey of Moiui- tainous Areas, these periods were considered repri'- sentative of mean conditions of water supply and climate. PRECIPITATION The great range in elevation of the ^lother Lode Region is the cause of a correspondingly great varia- tion in quantity and type of precipitation. Winter storms moving in from the Pacific Ocean deposit light precipitation as they cross the floor of the Central Valley and begin to lose moisture at increasing rates as they are lifted and cooled in their passage over the Sierra Nevada. Precipitation during the winter months normally occurs as snow above the 5.000-foot contour. Precipitation Stations and Records There are 153 precipitation stations in and adjacent to the Mother Lode Region with unbroken records of 10 years' duration or longer. These stations are located on Plate 4, entitled "Lines of Equal ^Mean Seasonal Precipitation, 1898-1947." Map reference numbers correspond to those used in State AVater Resources Board Bulletin Xo. 1, "Water Resources of California." Detailed information concerning these stations is contained in Table 1 of Appendix B. The table lists the .stations and map reference numbers, together witli elevations of the stations, periods and soi;rces of record, and the mean, maximum, and minimum seasonal precipitation. For stations with less than 50 years of record, the mean seasonal pre- cipitation was estimated by comparison with the nearest station having 50 years or more of record. The isohj-etal map of the Mother Lode Region and adjacent areas shown on Plate 4 is based on the mean seasonal precipitation of stations with 10 or more years of record. Stations with less than 10 years of record were not used in the construction of this map (25) 26 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS because it was eousidered tliat reliable estimates of mean seasonal preeipitatioii can be made only for stations with at least 10 years of record. In general, the coverage furnished by precipitation stations is adequate, but in certain areas, such as the upper basins of the American and Tuolumne Rivers, addi- tional stations are needed. Precipifation Characferistics In the IMother Lode Region precipitation increases generally with latitude and with elevation. Due to the oi-ographic effect of the Sierra Nevada, however, max- imum precipitation along any line of latitude occurs at a point some distance below and to the west of the main crest of the Sierra Nevada. Beyond these points, precipitation decreases rapidly. Along the -western boundary of the region, mean seasonal depth of pre- cipitation varies from about 13 inches at the extreme southern limit to about 30 inches at the northern limit. The elevation of both of these points is about 500 feet above sea level, but there is a difference in latitude between the two points of 2.7 degrees. Mean seasonal precipitation reaches a maximum of 90 inches of depth at a point in Butte Count.y between the North and Middle Forks of Feather River. Max- imum seasonal depth of precipitation in the southern part of the region is about 70 inches. Although there may be considerable variation in quantity of precipitation within relatively short dis- tances, the over-all characteristics of precipitation are es.sentially the same in all parts of the region. The general increase in precipitation with increases in elevation and latitude is shown by the isohyetal lines on Plate 4. Other similarities are indicated bj^ Plates 5 and 6. Plate 5, entitled "Accumulated De- parture From Mean Seasonal Precipitation at So- noi-a and Nevada Citj', " presents graphs for the United States Weather Bureau stations at Nevada City in the northern part of the region, and at Sonora some 100 miles to the south. The graphs indicate the similarity of wet and dry periods and of seasonal precipitation ratios at diff'erent latitudes. In specific years, it would not be unsual for precipitation to be below normal at one station and above normal at an- other. Such occurrences are the exceptions, however, to the general conditions of similarit.y. The normal occurrence of precipitation through- out the year is shown on Plate 6, entitled "Monthly Distribution of Mean Seasonal Precipitation at Se- lected Stations." Data are presented for the Weather Bureau station at Kennedy Mine in Amador County, as well as for the stations at Nevada City and Sonora. About 80 per cent of the seasonal precipitation at all three stations occurs during the five months from November 1st through March 31st. The similarity in the normal occurrence of precipitation at the three stations is established clearly by the fact that the three <'urves on Plate (i are almost identical. Precipitation in the ilothei' Lode Region varies widely from season to season. This variation is illus- trated by Plate 5, and is indicated in more detail in Table 3, which lists the historical seasonal precipita- tion at Nevada City. Precipitation has been measured continuously at the Nevada City station since 1863. Maximum seasonal precipitation occurred in 1867-!J8, when a depth of 115.26 inches was recorded. Precipi- tation during 1863-64, the minimum season at this station, was only 17.28 inches. Seasonal precipitation at Nevada City has ranged from 33 per cent to 22-'{ per cent of the average during the 88-vear period 1863-64 through 1950-51. TABLE 3 RECORDED SEASONAL PRECIPITATION AT NEVADA CITY {In inches of depth) Season Precipi- tation Season Precipi- tation Season Precipi- tation 1863-64 17.28 1894-95--- 68.79 1924-25--- 46,78 95-96--- 58.31 25-26--- 42,32 1864-65 54.56 96-97--. 53.18 26-27--- 60.65 65-66 59.26 97-98--. 29.70 27-28- - . 43.73 66-67 81.56 98-99--- 38.62 28-29--- 33.12 67-68 115.26 68-69 56.69 1899-1900 56.09 1929-30- - - 43.27 00-01--. 53.07 30-31--. 30.21 1869-70 48.61 01-02... 49.99 31-32... 51.68 70-71 45.38 02-03.-- 46.43 32-33-.. 31.84 71-72 78.22 03-04.-. 65.88 33-34.-. 36.62 72-73 38.70 73-74 62.91 1904-05--. 52.03 1934-35--- 55.90 05-06--. 67.42 35-36... 61.44 1874-75 45.95 06-07.-. 70.98 36-37..- 51.00 75-76 66.67 07-08--. 35.48 37-38... 76.28 76-77 32.31 08-09... 62.57 38-39... 28.92 77-78 57,15 78-79 58.88 1909-10--- 44.64 1939-40... 60,40 10-11--- 70.54 40-41... 75.25 1879-80 62.97 11-12--. 28.77 41-42... 68.99 80-81 57.87 12-13--- 36.19 42-43... 58.29 81-82 43.51 13-14--. 61.18 43-44... 32.94 82-83 48,70 83-84 61.34 1914-15--- 56.32 1944-45... 52.59 15-16--- 53.88 45-46... 48.97 1884-85 44.88 16-17--- 39.90 46-47... 34.69 85-86 65.78 17-18--- 30,85 47-48--. 51.10 86-87 37.38 18-19--. 44,76 48-49... 43.49 87-88 35.42 88-89 43.86 1919-20--- 33.12 1949-50... 51.23 20-21--- 60.37 50-51... 71.45 1889-90 100.17 21-22--- 52.42 90-91 38.56 22-23... 47.71 Mean for 5 O-year peri- 91-92 44.88 23-24--- 22.25 od 1897-t 8 througli 92-93 65.88 1946-47:48,74 93-94 49,35 Average for 88-year period of r ecord, 1863- 64 throug h 1950-51: 51.75 RUNOFF The runoff of the rivers and streams of the Mother Lode Region is the primary source of water supply. No significant ground water supplies exist, and pre- cipitation during the growing season can furnish only a very small fraction of irrigation water requirements. Surface runoff, therefore, is the basic resource tliat controls the development and growth of virtually all WATER SriM'LY human activities. Authoritative iuforniation eonceni- iug' the quantity and occuiTeneo of surface runoff is indispensable to the planniiif>' of any future develop- ment wliieli requires a dependable watei- sujiply. Stream Gaging Siafions and Records The flow of Sierra Nevada streams has been meas- ured for manj' years under a cooperative program of the United States Geological Survey and the Divi- sion of Water Resources, and by other public and private agencies. Long-time records are available for stations at or near the edge of the floor of the Central Valley on all of the major streams of the region. Continuous records for these stations cover periods of fi'om 45 to 57 years. Gaging stations have been maintained for shorter periods at numerous points in the upper portions of the major stream basins, on all of the minor streams, and on many canals, flumes, tunnels, and reservoirs. Runoff records of 10 years' duration or longer are available for 188 stations in and adjacent to the region, and records of shorter duration are available for an additional 120 stations. With the exception of those on artificial waterways, all of these stations ai-e identified on Plate 7, entitled "Locations of Stream Gaging Stations, 1!)52." Map reference numbers correspond to those used in State Water Resources Board Bulletin No. 1, "Water Re- sources of California." Stations established since publication of the bulletin are numbered according to the same system. Table 2 of Appendix B lists all 308 gaging stations, together with their map reference numbers, drainage areas where pertinent, and periods and sources of records. Runoff Characterisiics Since the time of occurrence of precipitation is gen- erally the same in all parts of the Mother Lode Re- gion, it follows that any major variation in the regimens of the various streams of the area nnist be the residt of some natural regulatory influence. This regulatory influence exists in the form of snowshed areas, which have a controlling effect on the occur- rence of monthly runoff. Snowsheds act as natural reservoirs in storing the winter precipitation, which generally occurs as snow above the 5,000-foot level, and releasing it gradually during the snowmelt pe- riod from April through July. On the basis of snowshed areas, streams of the Mother Lode Region may be classified as major or minor streams. Thus, a major stream heads at the ere.st of the Sierra Nevada and a substantial propor- tion of its total watershed area lies above 5,000 feet in elevation. A minor stream heads at intermediate elevations and little or none of its watershed lies above the 5.000-foot contour. Major streams and prin- cipal minor streams in and tributary to the Mother Lode Region are listed in Table 4, whicli also sets forth watershed areas above an elevation of 5,000 feet to indicate the proportions of snow and rain water- sheds. TABLE 4 WATERSHED AREAS ABOVE AN ELEVATION OF 5,000 FEET IN PRINCIPAL STREAM BASINS, MOTHER LODE REGION Total water- shed area, in square miles Watershed area above 5,000-foot elevation Stream and .station In square milee In Ijercent of total water- shed area Major streams 1.921 3. fill 1,035 630 983 1,540 1,194 164 295 148 .395 68 238 84 537 154 279 69 72 213 69 787 !,930 552 297 516 907 515 2 47 3 4 5 88 41.0 .53.4 53.3 47.1 52.5 Tuolumne River near La Grange .58.9 43.1 Minor streams Bear Creek near Planada — 0.7 31.8 0.8 5.9 Chowchilla River at Buchanan dam site Coon Creeli at U. S. Highway 99E 2.1 16.4 Dry Creek near lone . South Honcut Creek at La Porte Road The controlling influence of snowsheds on monthly runoff is illustrated graphically on Plate 8, entitled "Tyjiical Etfect of Snowshed Storage on Occurrence of Monthly Runoff." The jilate indicates the char- acteristic dift'erence between the regimens of major and minor streams, so far as monthly flows arc con- cerned. Runoff characteristics of major streams are gen- erally similar, regardless of geographical location or extent of total drainage area. Melting snow normally sustains the flow until early July, well beyond the end of the rainy season. After the end of the snowmelt jieriod, the flow divqis ra])idly to low stages and re- mains there until the advent of the rainy season, usu- ally in October. Normally, the runoff of major streams during the snowmelt months — A]iril through July — • varies from about 4() per cent to 68 per cent of the total seasonal runoff, the ratio for any iiarticular stream depending jirimarily on the extent and eleva- tion of its snowshed area, and to a lesser degree on other ])hysical factors. These ratios are shown in the followinir tabulation. 28 SURVEY OF MOU DriiiiuKjt' h'uiioff area dtiriny (ihorr o.ODO- April, May, foot elevfi- Jiinr, and Hon, in per July in per cent of totol cent of mean (Stream and station drainaye area seasonal runoff Feather River at Oroville ."i3.4 4<3.1' Yuba River at Smartville 43.1 50.5 American River at Fair Oalraphieal basis, problems of water supply development would be greatly simplitied. This desirable eondition, however, does not exist, for the northern half of the region, that is, the area north of the Cosumnes River water- shed, produces almost two-thirds of the total runoff of the entire region. The estimated natural runoff of major streams and prineipal minor streams tributary to the region is listed in Table G for mean, maxinuim, and minimum seasons. The table also indicates the average runoff during the driest period of record, which extended from 1929 through 1934. Minor streams with mean seasonal runoff of less than 80,000 acre-feet are omitted from the table. QUALITY OF WATER In order to determine the mineral quality of the waters of the Mother Lode Region, water samples were obtained from several different points on all of the major streams, and from at least one point on the principal minor streams. All of the samples were analyzed for their mineral constituents. The surface Mater supplies of the region are of excellent mineral 29 suited for ii'rigatiou and other quality and are we' beneficial uses. T('i-ms commonly used in discussions of watei- qual- ity are defined as follows : Quality of Wafer — Those characteristics of wafer af- fecting its suitability for beneficial uses. Mineral Analysis — The quantitative determination of inorganic impurities or dissolved mineral constit- iients in water. Degradation — Impairment in the quality of water due to causes other than dis]iosal of sewage and indus- trial wastes. Contamination — Impairment of the quality of water by sewage or industrial waste to a degree which creates a hazard to public health through poisoning or spread of disease. Pollution — Impairment of the quality of water by sewage or industrial waste to a degree which does not create a hazard to public health, but which ad- versely and unreasonably affects such water for beneficial uses. Hardness — A characteristic of water which causes curdling of soap, increased consumption of soap, deposition of scale in boilers, injurious effects in some industrial processes, and sometimes objec- TABIE 6 ESTIMATED NATURAL RUNOFF OF PRINCIPAL STREAMS, MOTHER LODE REGION Stream and station Sacramento River Tributaries American River at Fair Oaks Bear River near TIMieatland Butte Creek near Chico Chico Creek near Chico Coon Creek at Hiehway 99E__ Dry Creek near Waldo Feather River near Oroville French Dry Creek at Virginia Ranch South Honcut Creek at La Porte Road. Yuba River at Smartville Subtotals San Joaquin River Tributaries Bear Creek near Planada Calaveras River at Jenny Lind . Chowchilla River at Buchanan dam site Cosumnes River at Michigan Bar Dry Creek near Cooperstown Dry Creek near lone Littlejohns Creek near Farmington Merced River at Exchequer Mokehimne River near Clements Stanislaus River near Knights Ferry Tuolumne River near La Grange Subtotals TOTALS Drainage area, in square miles 1.921 295 148 68 84 69 3,611 72 69 1,194 7,529 164 395 238 537 145 279 213 1,035 630 983 1,540 6,159 13,688 53-year mean, 1894-95 through 1946-47 2,774,000 356,000 272,500 116,000 30,600 34,000 4.596.000 79,200 41,400 2,415,000 10,714,700 36,100 199,000 91,300 374,000 30.400 98.900 47,000 1,027,000 780,000 1,210,000 1,900.000 5,793,700 16,508,400 Seasonal runoff, in acre-feet ,laxunum 5,786,000 841,000 595,000 2.i2,000 90,400 80,000 9,504,000 187,000 98,000 4,544,000 21,959.000 121,000 708,000 305,000 876,000 108,000 288.000 137,000 2.378,000 1.737,000 2,811,000 3,747,000 13.216,000 35,175,000 543,000 64,000 55,000 23,400 5,500 6,000 1,317,000 14,000 7,400 603,000 2,638,300 1,200 13,400 3,000 40,400 2,000 7,700 6,500 252,000 187,000 261,000 552,000 .Average during critical period. 1929 through 1934 1,417,000 149,000 126,000 48,700 12,800 14,300 2,464,000 33,000 17,300 1,289,000 5,571,100 12,500 58,000 31,500 146.000 8,900 31,700 18,700 ,542,000 416,000 663,000 1,129,000 3.057,300 8,628,400 30 SURVEY OP MOUNTAIXOT^S AREAS (I tionable taste, and which is due in large part to the ]iresenec of salts of (•alcinni, iron, and ina<>'nesinm. Complete mineral analysis inelnded a determina- tion of three cations, consisting of calcium, mag- nesium, and sodium ; four anions, consisting of bicar- bonate, chloi'ide, sulphate, and nitrate ; total soluble salts; boron; ]ier cent sodium; and degree of hard- ness. With the exception of boron, the concentrations of cations and anions in a water samjde are expressed in this bulletin in terms of "equivalents per million." This was done because ions combine with each other on an equivalent basis, rather than on the basis of weight, and a chemical equivalent unit of measure- ment provides a better and more convenient expres- .sion of concentration. This is esjiecially true when it is desired to compare the c(nn]iosition of waters hav- ing variable concentrations of mineral solubles. In the case of boi'on, concentrations are expressed on a weight basis of "parts per million" of water. In order to convert equivalents per million to parts pev million, the concentration, expressed in equivalents per million, should be multiplied by the equivalent weight of the cation or the anion in (jue.stion. Etpiiva- lent weights of the common cations and anions are presented in the following tabulation : Eqiiirnleni Equivalent Cation weight Anion ireiflht Calcium (Ca) 20.0 Bicarbonate (HCO3) fil.O Masnesium (Ms) 12.2 Chloi-ide (CI) Rr,X< Sodium (Na) 23.0 Sulphate (SO,) -__ 4S.0 Niti-ato (NO.,) 62.0 Data \ised to determine the quality of water in the region consisted of complete mineral analyses of 4(i surface water samples taken during September and October, 1952, and in January, 1953. Standards of Quality for Water Investigation and study of the quality of surface and ground waters of the Mother Lode Region, as re- ported herein, were largely limited to consideration of mineral constituents of the waters, with particular reference to their suitability for irrigation use. How- ever, it may be noted that, within the limits of the mineral analyses herein reported, a water which is determined to be suitable for irrigation may also be considered as being either generally suitable for numicipal and domestic use, or susceptible to such ti-eatmcut as will render it suitable for that pui'itose. The majoi- critei'ia Avhich were used as a guide to judgment in determining suitability of water for irri- gation use comju-ised the following: (1) chloride con- centration, (2) total soluble salts, (3) boron concen- tration, and (4) per cent sodium. 1. The chloride anion is usually tiic most ti-nuhlc- some element in most irrigation waters. It is not c(ni- sidered essential to plant gi'owth, and excessive con- centrations will inliil>it lii'owth. 2. Total soluble salts furni.sh an approximate indi- cation of the over-all mineral quality of water, and may be approximated by multiplying specific electri- cal conductance (EC x 10" at 25° C.) by 0.7. The presence of excessive amounts of dissolved salts in irrigation water will result in reduced crop yields. 8. Crops are sensitive to boron concentration, but require a .small amount (less than 0.1 ])art per mil- lion) for growth. They will usually not tolerate more than 0.5 to 2 parts per million, depending on the crop in question. 4. Per cent sodium reported in the analyses is the ]U'oportion of the sodium cation to the sum of all cations, and is obtained In- dividing sodium by the sum of calcium, magnesium, and sodium, all ex- jn-essed in equivalents ])er million, and nuiltiplying by 100. Water containing a high per cent sodiinn has an adverse effect upon the physical structure of the soil by dispersing the soil colloids and making the soil "tight", thus retai-ding movement of water through the .soil, retarding the leaching of salts, and making the soil difficult to work. The following excerpts from a paper by Dr. L. D. Doneen, of the Division of Irrigation of the TTniversity of California at Davis, may assist in interpreting water analyses from the standpoint of their suitability f(ir irrigation : "r.cc.'uise of (liveree climatolosical conditions, crops, and soils in California, it has not been possible to establish rigid limits for all conditions involved. Inslead, irrigation waters are .-,-10 More than W (End of (pii Intion 1 Hardne.ss of water is caused princijially by com- pounds of calcium aiu1 magnesium, although other min- eral constituents such as iron, manganese, alnmininn, barium, silica, and strontitun, may contribute to the hardne.ss. In this bulletin, total hardness is expressed in parts per million in terms of calcium carbonate hardness. It was computed by adding calcium and magnesimn, expresseil in e(|uivalents per million, and multiplying this sum b>' 50. Water having a total WATER SUPPLY 31 hardness of less than 50 jiarts jier million is rated From a standpoint of liardness, the waters of the as soft water for nearly all purposes except the most refjion were of excellent (|nali1.\' at tlie times of samp- exacting of industrial uses, and seldom requires treat- ling. This is indicated in llic fcjljowing tabnlation, meiit for reduction or elimination of hardness. Water which shows the nnndjer of samples arranged accord- having a range of total hardness from 50 to 150 parts ing to the established scale of hardness. It is noted per million is suitable for most household uses. How- that li-i of the 4(1 samples are rated as .soft, and that ever, in the ease of such water, reduction of hardness the remaining 12 sami)les ar<' i-ated as suitable for b.v softening processes woidd reduce soa]i consumption most household uses without special ti-eatnicnt. Of the and deposits of scale in ]ilumbing systems, thus en- latter group, only two samples showed a hardness hancing the suitability of the water for laundries and rating exceeding 100. other industrial purposes. Where total hardness in \.,„„^,,,. ,,^ ii„rd„es, water exceeds from 150 tf) 200 parts per million, .mmiiien luting itntinii water softening processes are usually resorted to in ■'>i Lcs.s than ."lO Soi'i order to render the water more acceptable for do- 1- notnir.o s„ii.-,i,i,. f„r mo.st . . 1-1 • 1 TT llcillsclllllll U.SCS mestie, municipal, and industrial uses. However, wiilioiii trcatnipiit objections to hardness in water may depend on local Ovprl.")0 ll.-ini n-ratnuMit opinion, and a water considered too hard in certain usikiII.v iciniin:il localities might be considered satisfactorv in others. /^.. , , , • , , , ■ , Or the twelve samples with hardness ratings between Quality of Surface Water 50 and 150, three were taken from the North Fork \ „T ■ e J.I. ir V 4 1 11 t 1 of Yuba Rivei-. two from the ^liddle Fork of Feather Analysis oi the -to surface water samples collected -^. , , ,. -,r- , ,, , ^- , tt in September and O.-tober of 1952, and in January !^!\'""' '^"'^ "'"' ';^"''' """ ^^^'^ '"" ' '"''^ f ^"'''^ l]'"^''' of l!)5;i, showed that, at those times, the waters of ,^'"f . V'"''- ^Tl' ]^p- }}-''''^'' Calaveras River 11 +1 + 1 1 ,. 11 i. • 1 Ijittlejohns Creek, Drv Creek in Amador roiintv, and all the stream samiiled were of excellent mineral i-^ /,,•,• ,' ^, • , , ■ . .,,,);+„ ,„^ „ 11 ■+ 1 +• • • +• 1 JJ'"^' Creek in Stanislaus C oiuitv. With the exception quality and were well suited tor irrigation use and ... , ,. , , ' ,, , for other beneficial uses. All of the waters sampled °^ ^^T' ,™"' ^'^^l*'""' ^'^ "^'"''''"- "^ ' were characterized bv very low ..ontents of total niin- ^ample.s were taken during the first week of October, eral solubles, chloride, and boron, and bv low per ^^''^' ^^"^ '^^7''™ ' Tl^^ ^T '*,''^''- o""^ ^?^^ cent .sodium. The range in the values of the factors '? '^'"^<^»'' bounty and Dry Creek in Stanislaus affecting the suitability of water for irrigation use, V'""^"' '''"' """'"P ' I" January, 19..3. The tiow in as determined bv the complete analyses of the samples, *'^' ^'^''l '^^^*'^°^^ f ^^^^ V""" '''"^'i ^^ , \ , ^^', is listed in the 'following tabulation. It is noted that **^^8''"- ^"^-^ ^^^ °f ^^%^'^'''lr, '"''"^ ' ' "'''''^ "" the analyses indicated a t « o i- ^^ £ r.^ Q c.^ S a) 1 OJ en C. c =- 2 5 o 2 - "^ (u ^ 2 — •9 gi a- i7 M Q.~a .2 .5 O 03 . 1 S-a- o a ^ o - a g. be O CCS ti^ o o .= m a OJ «-3 c Bi ^ !r ^ — .S o a .5 c «" c3o:.= s G c "a t; -5 ^ aj o P a; o ^ L. > U 3J . oa o 3 -o 2i3 S » "-a £ 3 „ 0) » lU 1 OJ '< T5 -r -r >. :« Q Of < z < 2 o Sb . a, o ^1i? i^i j-s-2 ill g S s " 9 fc : (O O. '■ 0; c *i m j:: -U OJ g (O ■::: ^ c jr - - rt 5f ■- "" a -a ^ . S a < u CO < u o z < I bt -S o "S ' £ S'° tc o -- 1- ° 3 2 u o-o t< c » c c S S,g -r. ;^ 2 i? a c -, "a -^ ^ ^ M 3 S e ^ a. *" S ° oS ^ S ^ a M S 5 » .a 0, -3 ■s .S s -S S I 5* --.-a -5- o c "t^ 5^ O 3 o OJ c .2 -3 o a o OJ (o *i I- ^•^ ° S-?:- e £ I — rt t£ 0) J B-r: 03 *" al F r- C &^-S s o o "^ a S §■ • -5 ^- £ a -^ J- o -g 33 ^ ^ G^ o 03 C " Si; o -3 't: 3 ■- - " S a- J 9 »- 0.2 g o a o &sl ;3 *^ -C s -a s " K o -' «iii CJ ^ d -S>>£ s^ -^ *i 3?i« BJ '^ S a 3 ~ "U — ^ •4- -3 >'^ -3 c i:tc c a o a s »- .i 1) 3 St: M — S Js ^ 3 a3 3 a S g S.sl o ea ■. .^ 5 « c ** 00 £ ?J . "O C £ ,= -o c .2 " £. I' _- in D. 41 5 Ml > ° o e 5 WATER T'TILTZATFOX AND KEQT'lRE:\rFA'TS 51 2. Eiicroaehnieiits — Some irri Region which are unsuited for cultivation are used for dry-land range for cattle and sheep, and the de- velopment of irrigated pasture to supplement dry feed is now and will continue to be in the future a logical use of irrigable land. It was considered that the best possibilities for ir- rigated agriculture in the Mother Lode Region prob- ably lie in the development of irrigated pasture. decitkuMis orchards, olives, and hay and grain. This statement is supported in part by the results ol' the land use survey. As indicated on Plate 12, the survey shows that deciduous orchards and olives account for 57 per cent of all irrigated crops in the region today, and that irrigated pasture accounts for 34 per cent. It is significant that only nine per cent of the total irrigated area is devoted to all other crops combined, including field and truck crops, citrus orchards, and vines. The present crop pattern reflei'ts economic and physical influences on agriculture in the region, and constitutes the basis for deriving a probable ultimate agricultural pattern. The purpose of specifying a probable idtimatc cro)) pattern was not to attempt to foresee or to reconnncnd the future agricultural development of the region, but rather to provide a basis for the determination of maximum water requirements for irrigation purposes. For this reason, no attempt was made to specify that so many acres will be devoted to peaches or to pasture or to any other crop. On the basis of the present crop pattern, Avhich reflects a centui'y of experience and experiment in the region, and on the basis of the climatic and physical factors previously discu.ssed, it was assumed for purposes of this bulletin that the probable ultimate crop pattern in the region will consist of irrigated pasture, deciduous orchards, olives, and hay and grain. For simplicity, the term "Orchard," as used hereafter in this bulletin, means deciduous orchards and includes olives. It is certain, of course, that other crops, such as field and truck crops, citrus, and vines, will be raised in small quanti- ties in the future, as they are today. It is a matter of common knowledge that different crops require different quantities of water. It could be argued, consequently, that the omission of crops other than those assumed for the ultimate pattern would result in erroneous estimates of ultimate water requirements. This would be true if the acreage which could reasonably be devoted to such crops were a substantial part of the total irrigable area. The land use survey shows, however, that all crops other than orchards and irrigated pasture occupy only nine per cent of the present irrigated area, and there is little evidence to indicate that they will occupy a sub- stantial portion of the irrigable land in the future other than for the cultivation of irrigated hay and grain. It is believed, therefore, that the omission of crops other than orchards, irrigated i)asture, and hay and grain from the assumed ultimate crop pattern will not substantially affect the estimates of ultimate water requirements. The next question which arises is : What percentage of the irrigable lands should be chosen for each of the various crops assumed for the ultimate pattern? These percentages would vary from service area to service area. However, based on studies made for the State-wide Watci- Resources Invest igation, it was con- 56 SURVEY OP MOUNTAINOUS AREAS sidcrcd that of tlip total irrigable land in the Mother Lode Region about 49 per cent would be devoted to pasture, 21 per cent to hay and grain, 10 per eeiit to orchard, and 20 per cent to other crops. Probable Ultimate Urban Area. Estimates of probable ultimate urban areas were made for the agri- cultural zone only. It has been pointed out previously that there is no permanent iirban area of significance witliiu the national forest zone. Many of the resort areas have substantial populations during tourist and recreational seasons, but the designation of such areas as urban was not considered justified on this basis alone. It was considered probable that the future will not bring urban development of significance to the national forest zone, and that the segregation of all lands in the zone according to the categories of "Ir- rigable Areas" and "Other Water Service Areas" is sufficient for purposes of establishing both ultimate land use and ultimate water requirements. So far as the agricultural zone is concerned, there can be no doubt that substantial increases in urban development will occur as tlie resources of the region, particularly its irrigable lands, are developed. If the principal bases of an expanded future economy are considered to be agriculture, lumbering, and mining, it does not appear that urban development in the region can reach really large proportions sucli as would be expected in industrial and manufacturing areas. This concept is .supported by the indications that the principal field of economic expansion is in TABLE 17 ESTIMATED ULTIMATE URBAN POPULATION AND ULTIMATE URBAN AREA IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE, MOTHER LODE REGION County and service area Ultimate urban population Ultimate urban area, in acres County and .ser\'ice area Ultimate urban population Ultimate urban area in, acres Amador 8,400 17,800 3,000 1,800 840 1,780 300 180 Nevada 58,400 1,600 5,840 Jackson Spaulding Tyler - - - 160 60,000 40,800 9,600 4,600 14,400 6.000 Subtotals ' 31,000 600 1,400 400 9,000 53,000 3,100 60 140 40 900 5,300 Placer Colfax. Butte 4,080 Bidwell Doty _ ._ 960 Big Bend . Foresthill, . .. --. 460 1,440 Subtotals Deer Creek, 69,400 7,400 0,940 Sacramento Wyandotte. 740 64,400 1,600 7,200 3,800 4,400 600 9,800 1,200 6,440 160 720 380 440 60 980 120 Subtotals... ... . - 7,400 740 Bear Mountain San Joa8.5 2,300 500 1,200 1,100 15.5 24.4 23.4 19.5 20.8 22.1 22.0 19.4 17.5 Penryn Valley 21.8 21.2 Shirland Ditch 21.0 WATER TTILIZATIOX AXD REQl'IKEMEXTS 63 TABLE 22 ESTIMATED PRESENT MEAN SEASONAL CONSUMPTIVE USE OF APPLIED WATER, MOTHER LODE REGION (In acre-feet) County and service area Irrigated areas I'rban ureas Other water service areas Totals County and service area Irrigatccl areas Urban areas Other water service areas Totala Amador 1..570 70 50 180 370 60 40 80 10 30 10 1.830 380 160 100 Nevada Gras,s Valley _ Spaulding Tyler Subtotals, agricultural zone_ National forest zone . . Totals, county Placer Colfax 9,290 180 1.220 30 100 10 10 10,810 Jackson _ . Plymoutli Volcano 10 200 9,450 1.250 120 2„540 10,820 2,540 Subtotals, atrriciiltiiral zone National forest 7,one_ 1.090 650 130 80 2.470 80 9,450 5,8.50 22.720 10 22.420 1.250 850 200 100 300 2.660 70 260 10 250 13,380 6,770 Totals, coiint.N' I. two 60 3.50 30 2.180 6,740 650 20 30 10 igo 1,120 210 10 10 10 10 50 80 2.. 550 20 100 360 40 20 2.420 7.940 Butte Bidwell-. -- Big Bend__- Buckeye CI lieu 23,180 Foresthill Loomis Subtotals, agricultural zone. National forest zone Totals, county _ . Sacramento 120 22,970 51.000 30 1.450 590 840 53,040 Deer Creek __ _ 870 51.030 4.410 1,690 1,450 1.50 1,430 60 70 Wyandotte_ . . _,_ 53,910 Subtotals. aEricultiiral zone 9.3fi0 160 1,370 170 230 10.900 390 4,620 1,780 Totals, county-- . Cala^'eras Bear Mountain . _ _ . Calaveras _ 9.520 370 680 440 1,370 150 1,370 40 150 80 90 20 200 30 400 20 10 40 10 10 30 10 11.290 60 530 800 540 30 1,600 190 Subtotals, agricultural zone- National forest zone Totals, county. San Joaquin Arroyo Seco Bear Creek Subtotals, agricultural zone. National forest zone Totals, county Stanislaus 6.100 150 130 6,380 6.100 1.080 1,130 150 130 80 170 6,380 i,i(;o Rock Creek 1,300 2,210 250 West Point 2.460 Subtotals, agricultural zoiie_ 3.010 610 130 160 3,750 160 2,210 40 250 10 10 2,460 3.010 2,480 9.720 610 30 120 40 690 50 290 10 30 10 1.30 10 3,910 40 2,630 50 10,540 60 50 Rock Creek 10 Subtotals, agricultural zone 40 20 60 40 40 1,450 710 10 80 20 270 470 20 10 10 10 20 30 60 Tuolumne Blanchard Subtotals, agricultural 12.200 320 930 190 640 13.320 960 20 National forest zone 90 70 12,520 440 30 30 100 930 10 40 20 50 830 10 10 10 10 10 14.280 460 80 30 90 110 Lyons , . ., 1,740 1.210 Subtotals, agricultural zone_ National forest zone Mariposa 2,200 140 8.50 80 480 3,130 620 2.340 6,480 1.080 4.50 850 30 60 20 560 70 10 10 10 3.750 Yuba Browns Valley. . Challenge- White Rock 6.580 1.150 480 Subtotals. aRricultural 600 100 120 50 100 770 200 10 Subtotals, agricultural zone 8,010 140 110 100 1,660 700 760 120 60 150 10 970 830 1,800 8,150 106,800 900 110 7.600 1,760 2,000 6.700 10,020 Merced APPROXIMATE TOTALS, AGRICUL- TURAL ZONE APPROXIMATE TOTALS. NATION- AL FOREST ZONE-. APPRO.XIMATE TOTALS. REGION .. 116.2(X) Subtotals, agricultural 760 60 10 830 7.600 107,500 7.800 8,700 760 60 10 830 123,800 6-i SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS areas, a seasonal miit eoiisumptive use of applied water faetor of one-half foot of depth was adopted for farmstead lots. It was assumed that the present extent of such areas is equal to three per cent of the present cultivated area, and that the ultimate extent will be ecjual to five per eeut of the gross irrigable area. These allowances appl3' only to the agricultural zone. 4. Estimates of present and ultimate requirements for water for miscellaneous nonagrieultural purposes in the national forest zone were furnished by the United States Forest Service. These estimates are included in subsequent tabulations of water require- ments. The estimates cover use of water by tourist and recreational establishments, by commercial and industrial enterprises, and by other installations. They are geuerall.v based on delivery records, and assume no re-use of any portion of the delivered water. The quantities of water presented in the esti- mates are relatively very small. Present Consumptive Use of Applied Water Estimates of present consumptive use of applied water in the Mother Lode Region were generally de- rived by applying the foregoing unit rise of water factors to the appropriate acreages of the present land use pattern. The estimates are presented in Table 22. Ultimate Consumptive Use of Applied Water The total sea.sonal coiLsumptive use of applied water in the various service areas of the Mother Lode Region was estimated as it woidd be under mean con- ditions of climate and according to the estimated ulti- mate land use pattern previously presented. The esti- mates were derived by multiplying the areas of the various types in the ultimate pattern of land use by the corresponding unit Tise of water factors. The esti- mates of ultimate consumptive use of applied water are presented in Table 23. It should be emphasized that these estimates do not represent a forecast or a prediction of the actual quantities of water Avhicli may be eventually consumed in the region. They rep- resent only an evaluation of the maximinn quantities. It is entirely possible that actual consumption of applied water in many parts of the region may never approach these maximum qiiantities. It should bo pointed out also that consumption of applied water in the national forest zone and in habitable areas of the agricultural zone is not considered to be a poten- tial draft on future project water supplies. It is believed that the nature of these types of water utilization is such that small-scale and individual de- velopment of springs, wells, and local streams is and will continue to be the most satisfactory means of ])roviding for such utilization. FACTORS OF WATER DEMAND In the planning of water supply projects, it is necessary to make allowances for all of the factors which affect demands for water, in order that the proper capacities of reservoirs and distribution sys- tems can be determined. The ensuing discussion of the factors affecting demands for water is concerned primarily with irrigation demand, since in the Mother Lode Region the ultimate utilization of water for irrigation purposes is estimated to account for more than 90 per cent of the total utilization for all con- sumptive purposes. The principles involved, however, apply to other types of demand as well. Application of Water The term "Ajiplied Water," as used in this bulle- tin, refers to that water other than precipitation which is delivered to a farmer's headgate in the case of irrigation use, or is delivered to an individual's meter in the case of urban use, or its equivalent. In the Mother Lode Region, water for irrigation is diverted from streams, canals, and conduits, gen- erally by means of miner's inch boxes. The miner's inch box is a special form of free-flowing orifice. The diversion is made on a continuous flow basis for about 150 days, and the water is commonly measured in miner's inches. A miner's inch is the quantity of water which discharges through a square inch of opening luider a prescribed head. The number of miner's inches is equal to the area of the opening in square inches. The number of miner's inches per acre is used as a measure of duty of water. The gen- eral practice is to buy one-half miner's inch of water per acre of pasture, whether irrigated by sprinkler or flooding. This amounts to an application of about 45 inches depth of water during the season from May through September. On orchard land, irrigation prac- tice is varied, with applications ranging from one miner's inch for six acres to one miner's inch per acre. Generally, less water is applied with furrow irrigation, because even a minimum rate of applica- tion results in a high rate of runoff. Irrigation prac- tice and crop production are improved by use of sprinklers, which permit better control and applica- tion of greater amounts of water. The use of cover crops on orchard lands has also resulted in increased application of water to these lands. Estimates wei-e made of the total amount of water which would be applied to lands in the Mother Lode Ik^gion under ultimate development. These estimates were for the most part based on results of plot studies conducted during the 1949-50 season in the foot- hill area in connection M'ith the Placer County In- vestigation. Results of these plot studies of water WATER UTILIZATION' AND REQUIKEMEXTS 65 TABLE 23 ESTIMATED ULTIMATE MEAN SEASONAL CONSUMPTIVE USE OF APPLIED WATER, MOTHER LODE REGION (In acre-feet) County and service area Irriirated areas Urban areas Other water service areas Totals County and service area Irrigated areas Urban areas Other water service areas Totals Amador 56,200 15,000 14,400 12,200 800 1,600 300 200 1,000 300 300 300 .58,000 16,900 15,000 12,700 Nevada 60,900 3,400 4,800 5,400 200 1,400 200 200 07.700 Spaulding 3.600 Tvler 5,200 Subtotals, agricultural 69,100 200 5.600 1.800 4.800 Subtotals, agricultural 97,800 200 2,900 1,900 300 102,600 500 76,.500 National forest zone 5.000 National forest zone 69,300 20,100 72,400 17,100 49,800 5.600 3.800 900 400 1.400 6,600 500 1.300 500 900 81.500 98,000 4,900 5,100 5,800 4,000 5,600 18,000 46,600 2,900 100 200 100 800 4,900 2,200 200 200 200 200 200 600 900 103,100 5,200 5,500 6,000 4,200 5,900 20,200 52,400 Placer Colfax - - Doty. -.- Butte 24.400 74.600 Foresthill 18,000 52,100 Subtotals, agricultural zone. National forest zone. _ _ Chico ~. - 159,400 900 6,500 3.200 2,400 169,100 3.300 160,300 54,500 69,400 6,500 700 5,600 1,000 1,300 172,400 Subtotals, agricultural 90,800 600 6,100 2 ,,500 1,100 99,400 1,700 Sacramento 56,200 70,700 91,400 27.700 21.900 35,400 22,200 8,800 18,100 4,100 6,100 200 700 300 400 100 900 200 3,600 600 500 600 500 200 400 200 101.100 28,.50O 23,100 36.300 23.100 9.100 19.400 4.500 Subtotals, agricultural zone- 123,900 700 2,300 Calaveras 126.900 Totals, county 123,900 25,800 ,55,300 700 2,300 500 1.000 126,900 San .Joaquin 26,,300 Bear Creek 56,300 Subtotals, agricultural zone. 81.100 1,500 82,000 Subtotals, agricultural 138,200 2,800 3,000 300 144.000 300 Totals, county 81.100 2..300 1.000 3.700 1.500 100 100 100 82,600 Stanislaus 138,200 13,800 19,600 8,900 67,400 8,800 2.800 200 500 200 3.000 300 3,300 300 500 200 1,400 300 144,300 14,300 20,600 9,300 71,800 9,400 2,400 El Dorado 1,100 Rock Creek-- 3.800 Subtotals, agricultural zone. 7.000 300 7,300 7,000 4,.-)00 13,800 17,400 8,000 24,400 100 300 200 1,200 2.100 300 100 300 400 200 500 7,300 Subtotals, agricultural 118,500 1,600 120,100 5,800 17,900 8,200 22,000 6,100 7,400 4,200 4,200 100 100 100 200 2,700 1,700 4,400 200 500 300 500 200 200 125,400 3,300 128,700 6,000 18,500 8,600 22,600 6,500 7.600 Tuolumne National forest zone 4.700 14.400 Totals, county 18.000 9.400 Mariposa 27.000 Subtotals, agricultural zone. National forest zone Baxter__ 68,100 2,200 3.900 1.500 1.600 73.500 3.800 Totals, county. 70,300 24, .TOO 28.600 8.500 2.800 3.900 200 300 100 3.100 500 700 200 100 77.300 White Rock., _ . _. Yuba Subtotals, agricultural 67,400 200 500 1,900 300 69.800 500 25.200 29.600 8.800 2,900 67,600 0,800 1,000 4,300 500 300 2,200 200 100 100 70.300 7.300 1.100 4.400 Subtotals, agricultural zone. National forest zone. _ Totals, county 64.400 200 600 1.500 4.500 Merced 66.500 4.700 Baxter 64.600 1 ,098,000 6.000 1.104.000 600 34,000 34,000 6.000 24,000 17,000 41.000 71.200 Hornitos - TOTALS, AGRTCUL- TURAL ZONE TOTALS, NATIONAL FOREST ZONE TOTALS. REGION Subtotals, agricultural 12,100 300 400 12.800 1.1.50.000 23.000 12,100 300 400 12.800 1.179.000 3—99504 66 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS diverted from eanals in tlie I'ootliill area are siiin- iiiarized in the following tabnlatioii, Wrii/lilcd arcrntie unit ap- plicntioii of iraier Number Iiiclirx Fret Crop of plots of depth of depth Orchard 6 47 3.8 Orchard and cover crop 1 49 4.1 Pasture 3 52 4.3 Pears 1 30 2.5 Applioatioa of water to irrigated lands in the ag- ricultural zone was computed by multiplying net ir- rigable areas by coi-responding application of wa- ter factors obtained as described above. Application of water in urban areas was computed by multi- plying estimated ultimate urban populations by a water factor of 165 gallons per da.y. The application of water in other water service areas of tlie agricul- tural zone consisted of an allowance of 70 gallons per day per capita for an estimated population of four persons per square mile. The summary of tliese es- timates is given in Table 24. Irrigafion Efficiency Irrigation efficiency, usually expressed as a per- centage, is the ratio between the quantity of applied water consumed by the irrigated crop and the quan- tity of water applied to tlie cropped land. Due to luiavoidable application losses, irrigation efficiency TABLE 24 ESTIMATED ULTIMATE SEASONAL APPLICATION OF WATER BY SERVICE AREAS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE, MOTHER LODE REGION (In acre-feet) County and service area .\niador lone .Jackson Plymouth Volcano Subtotal - - Butte Bid well Big Bend Buckeye Cliico Deer Creek . Magalia Wyandotte Subtotal. . Calaveras Bear Mountain Calaveras Hogan Mokelumne — Rock Creek — Stanislaus West Point Subtotal- - El Dorado Aukum Georgetown — Latrobe Placerville Youngs Subtotal. - Mariposa Baxter Chowchilla Hardin Hornitos Mariposa White Rock... Subtotal . . Merced Baxter Chowcliilla Hornitos Subtotal. - Application of water sm.800 33,800 30.000 25,400 186,000 10,400 11,000 12,000 7,000 11,800 33,700 104,800 1B0,700 .17,000 4r.,200 72,600 46,200 18,200 38,800 9,000 288,000 28,600 .34,,300 l.'-i,.500 119,700 18,800 216,900 12,000 37,000 17,200 45,200 13,000 15.200 139,600 14,600 2,200 8,800 25,600 County and service area Nevada Grass Valley Spaulding Tyler Subtotal Placer Colfax Doty Foresthill Looniis Subtotal Sacramento Carson Laguna Subtotal San .Jo3f|uin Arroyo Seco Bear Creek Subtotal Stanislaus Blanchard Keystone Rock Creek Subtotal Tuolumne Blanchard Groveland Keystone Lyons Phoenix Subtotal Yuba Browns Valley Challenge Smartville Strawberry Subtotal... APPRO.\IM.\TE TOTAL Application of water 135,400 7,200 10.400 153,000 40,700 149,200 25,700 86,900 302,500 93.700 1 17,800 211.500 52.600 66.200 4,800 2,200 7.600 14,600 9.400 28,800 36,000 18,800 54,000 147,000 50,400 59,200 17,600 5.800 133,000 2,127,000 AVATER UTILIZATION AND REQUIREMENTS 67 is always loss than unity. Irri<>atioii efficiencies vary routes and natural eliaimels. Tn valley floor areas widely in different localities. In areas where water seepaf^e from nnlincd canals often accrues to jj;rouud supplies are plentiful and costs are low, irrigation water and is recovered by punipini;-. hut this possi- efficiency is generally low. The opposite condition bility does iiot generally exist in the mountainous usually prevails in areas where water supplies are areas. Due to the necessity for allowing; for conveyance limited and costs are high, or where over-applica- losses, demands for wat(>r at the reservoir must be tion nuiy result in waterlogging:, Irrigation efficiencies larger than the demand at the service area. The ca- in California range from about 20 per cent for poor pacities of reservoirs and conveyance systems must be practice to as high as 80 per cent for the best prac- sufficient to cover such losses so that the quantity of tiee. A reasonable value obtainable with the use of water reaching the service area will satisfy the de- sprinkler irrigation systems is 75 per cent. By using maud at that point. .Seepage rates from unlined canals ordinary surface methods of irrigating, a reasonable ''•I'f affected bv the permeabilit.y of the soil, the ve- efficiency is about 50 per cent. loeity and depth of flow, the silt content of the water, Little information is available regarding current '"""^ 0*^^ factors. Losses from lined canals are con- irrigation practice in the Mother Lode Region. There trolled primarily by the type of lining. S(>cpage rates are few organized agencies furnishing irrigation water '"'^^ usually expressed in cubic feet of water per day and such records as are available do not permit ac- P^''. S'l^are foot of wetted area, but they are often de- curate calculations of irrigation efficiencies. Efficien- s^-ribed as a percentage per mile of the total flow in cies were calculated, however, for the Placer County ^'^^ •'^"a^- Seepage from nnlincd canals may vary from test plots studied for the purpose of determining eon- ''^'^'^ ^han one per cent to more than ten per cent per sumptive use of applied water. Irrigated areas and '"'l''- bosses from lined canals are only a small frac- calculated irrigation efficiencies for these test plots ^'"'^ ^^ those from uidnied canals. The actual losses, arc shown in the following tabulation. dependmg on the type of hning, may be as low as In-wated area. In-hjation efficiency, oue-tenth of one per cent per mile. In many instances Test plot in acres in iier cent the value of the water saved bv the lining of canals. Eden Valley 113 51 together with related benefits such as reduced main- Penryn Valle.v 3,225 .5(; tenance costs and reduced capacities of hvdraulic Sailor Ravine 209 oo , , .,, ^, ~ , ,,..', Shirlani-(ivide a great (1 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS TABLE 29 HISTORIC AND PROJECTED ELECTRIC ENERGY GENERA- TION FOR USE IN THE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA POWER MARKET Year Millions of kilowatt- hours Peak demand, in thousands of kilowatts 1920 1930 2.223 4.926 6.6(i9 1.1,348 17,495 31,280 423 911 1940_. 1.226 1950 2,746 1951 1960 3,120 5,670 trout fishery, and the niountaiii and foothill areas of forest, brush, and grasslands are the habitat of numerous species of big and small game animals and upland game birds. Warm-water game fishes such as black bass, sunfish, crappies, and catfish provide con- siderable sport fishing in the streams and reservoirs at lower elevations. Steelhead rainbow trout immi- grate into some of the streams, particularly the Feather and American Rivers, and sijawniug beds of the king salmon exist principally along the lower reaches of the Feather, American, Cosumnes, and Mo- kelumne Rivers, and Butte Creek. Although the sal- mon fishery is not great in the region itself, the fish produced in its streams are important to other areas. The fish and wildlife resources of the region are valuable primarily for recreational and esthetic rea- sons. In general, they have no direct economic value, but their indirect economic value, which results from the production and sale of the goods and services required by sportsmen and tourists, is certainly sub- stantial. So far as requirements for water are concerned, the preservation and enhancement of fishery values involves the maintenance of stream flow at or above the minimum stages required to support fish life. The support and preservation of game animals and fowl in the region is primarily a matter of mainte- nance of habitat. In general, this requirement does not result in direct demands for water beyond those required to maintain live streams to support fish life. The maintenance of the mashland areas favored as nesting grounds by migratory waterfowl and by some tyjies of animals sometimes results in a requirement for water, but this type of habitat does not exist to a significant extent in the Mother Lode Region. For purposes of this bulletin, it is considered that the requirements for water to support fish life are suffi- cient to support other types of wildlife as well. It is generally recognized that reservoirs and diver- sions should be operated in such a manner that a live stream is maintained at all times. The quantities of water which should be released, or allowed to pass the reservoir or diversion, vary with the size of the stream, and it is not possible, therefore, to specify fi.sh requirement in general. In small streams a minimum flow of five second-feet or less is often sufficient for the purpose, while a minimum flow of 100 second-feet or more may be required in large streams. During the late summer months the natural flow of all Sierra Nevada streams normally drops to very low stages, and some of the minor streams dry up completely. During such periods the optimum flows for fish sup- port may often exceed the natural runoff, so that re- leases of stored water would be desirable to maintain such optimum flows. In this connection, the following is ((uoted from the Fish and Game Code of the State of California. "Sec. 525. The owner of any dani shall allow sufficient water at all times to pass througli a fish- way, or in the absence of a fishwaj', allow sufficient water to pass over, around, or through the dam, to keep in good condition any fish that may be planted or exist below the dam. ' ' This requirement is a source of controversy, since it is obvious that, while a reservoir owner could not reasonably object to passing natural runoff through the reservoir, he might object to mandatory and un- compensated releases of stored water for the main- tenance of optimum flows for fish support on the grounds that the benefits from such releases of stored water would accrue to the people as a whole, and that he shoiild not be required, therefore, to stand the entire cost of developing the necessary water supply. It is probable that, in many instances, such water as is required for the maintenance of optimum flow for fish may be satisfied from waste and return flows. Where economic hardship might result from manda- tory and uncompensated releases of stored water, the expenditure of public funds may be justified. In con- nection with current investigations for The California Water Plan, the Division of Water Resources is con- ducting studies in cooperation with the Department of Fish and Game with the object of determining the water requirements for fish and wildlife on California streams, and of making adequate provisions for such requirements in forthcoming comprehensive plans for water development. It is pointed out that the main- tenance of minimum stream flows for the supjjort of fish and wildlife results in an indirect benefit to such recreational activities as swimming and boating. STREAM DEPLETION The streams of the Mother Lode Region contribute about 25 per cent of the total runoff of the entire State. They are major sources of water supply for large agricultural and urban areas lying outside the region where the water originates, and valid water rights covering substantial diversions to such areas have been in existence for a long time. In order to support and permit a continued expansion of popu- lation, agriculture, and industry in the State, the WATER FTILTZATION AND KEQTIIREMENTS <:] forthcoming California Water Plan contemplates maximum development and utilization of tlie water resources of the entire State. Since the watei- resources of the Mother Lode Region constitute a major part of California's water supply, it is evident tliat in the future they must furnish water for export to other parts of the State to the greatest possible extent. For this reason the effect of maximum water utilization within the ]\Iother Lode Region on the outflow from the region is a matter of general interest and concern. The extent of stream depletion due to large-scale development and utilization of water in upstream areas is not susceptible to precise determination due to uncertainties in the evaluation of the basic factors involved. Although the criteria are general, these fac- tors are best described from the standpoint of a hypo- thetical case: That all water requirements within the stream basin are .satisfied from within the watershed, and that there is no import to or export of water from the stream basin above the edge of the valley floor. On this basis, the evaluation of probable stream de- pletion involves solution of the following equation. Stream depletion = Water requirement + Irrecov- erable losses — Accruals to ruuotf The first term of the equation is self-explanatory, but the other two require clarification. The term "ir- recoverable losses" means the water which is unavoid- ably consumed, in the course of the development and distribution of water, by nonproductive processes. Evaporation from reservoirs is a nonproductive eon- sumption of water. From the standpoint of stream depletion, percolation to ground water is generally an irrecoverable loss, although the water may accrue to valley floor ground water basins. For purposes of this discussion, liowever, it can be assumed that there is no percolation to ground water from applied water in the mountain and foothill ai-eas. Insofar as is known, there are no ground water basins of significance any- where in the Mother Lode Region, and, moreover, tlie tojiography is generally favoral)le to surface runoff and unfavorable to percolation. By far the most im- portant of these irrecoverable losses are those whicli result from the conveyance and application of water to irrigated lands. These losses consist of the con- sumptive use of developed water by native vegetation. The term "accruals to runoft"' refers to a possible increase in natural runotf resulting from the deveh)i)- ment of irrigable lands. At liiglier elevations numy tracts classified as irrigable are covered by moderate to heavy brush or stands of timber. It would .seem reasonable to assume that tin- clearing of these lands and the planting of such ii-rigated crops as deciduous orchards and pasture would tend to increase the winter runott' to the extent of any differences in con- sumptive use of winter precipitation. At low eleva- tions, where natural cover is sparse and precipitation is small, no accrual to natural runoff could be expected through the development of the potentially irrigable lands. While a change in land use in marshy areas could result in an accrual to natural runoff at any elevation, the extent of siu-li areas in tlie region as a whole is not significant. On the basis of the above discussion, it is obvious that the evaluation of stream depletion is an extremely complex problem, the solution of which would vary from area to area with sucli factors as tojiography, pattern of irrigable land, character of natural cover, irrigation efficiency, and other factors. The volumin- ous data which would be required to support even an approximate evaluation do not exist, and they have not been compiled in the course of the current investi- gation. CHAPTER IV PLANS FOR WATER DEVELOPMENT It has beeu shown that substantial surplus flows of water are presently available from many of the major and minor streams of the Mother Lode Retrion. Stud- ies described in this chapter indicate that these sur- plus flows, if properly controlled and re<;ulated, could more than meet the ultimate water requirements of the region. As was stated in Chapter I, the Division of "Water Resources is presently conducting the State-wide Water Resources Investigation under direction of the State Water Resources Board. This investigation has as its objective the formulation of The California Water Plan, for full conservation, control, protection, and utilization of the State's water resources, to meet present and future water needs for all beneficial pur- poses in all parts of the State, insofar as practicable. Although the state-wide investigation is still in progress, it is .sufficiently advanced to permit prelim- inary description of certain major features of The California Water Plan which could provide supple- mental water to assist in meeting the probable ulti- mate requirements of the Mother Lode Region. The projects would also provide supplemental supplies for other water-deficient areas of California. In addition, benefits from the projects would include hydroelectric power, flood and salinity control, and benefits in the interests of recreation and preservation of fish and wildlife. In general, the cited major features of The California Water Plan in the Mother Lode Region would be multipurpose projects requiring relatively large capital expenditures, and their scope, with re- gard to both location of the works and benefits de- rived from their operation, would not be limited to any one local area but would embrace other large portions of California. In connection with the Survey of Mountainous Areas, various plans were considered for local development of the water resources of Sierra Ne- vada streams, for the primary purpose of meeting future water requirements in the Motlier Lode Re- gion. However, any future development and use of water in the foothill and mountainous service areas of the region will correspondingly affect the develop- ment of supplemental water supplies for downstream valley floor lands and for esjiort to other parts of the State. The planning surveys and studies for the Sur- vey of Mountainous Areas, therefore, were necessarily coordinated to the extent that such could be done at the time witli those for the state-wide investigation. The i^reliminary plans for satisfying the ultimate water reqiiirements of the Mother Lode Region pre- sented herein are described in general terms, and pri- marily for the purpose of demonstrating that they are feasible from the physical and engineering stand- point. These plans are not necessarily the only plans nor the most feasil)le, and studies under the state-wide and possible future investigations ma.y indicate the desirability of modifications. In connection with plans for water development for the Motlier Lode Region, effort was made to incorpo- rate hydroelectric power features where feasible. While the operation of power features was considered incidental to the primary purpose of conservation of water for domestic, municipal, irrigation, and other beneficial consumptive uses, substantial benefits from power generation would be forthcoming. With anticipated continued growth of pojiulation in California, it is expected that the public demand for preservation and enhancement of recreational fa- cilities will be sufficient to assure provision of the water supplies necessary for these purposes. In the aggregate, the amount of water used for domestic and service facilities in recreational areas of the Mother Lode Region would be relatively minor. As for waters employed for boating, swimming, and other water sports, most would be available naturally or as a re- sult of works constructed and operated for other purposes, and the nonconsumptive recreational use of the water would be incidental to the other uses. How- ever, of considerable importance among the employ- ments of water for recreation would be those asso- ciated with the preservation and propagation of fish and wildlife. So far as is known, no artificial lakes in the Mother Lode Region are now utilized exclusively for fish life, this use being incidental to the primary purposes for which the reservoirs were constructed. However, the levels of a number of small natural lakes on the head- waters of streams have been raised by the California Department of Fish and Game, and releases of the stored water are made to maintain downstream flow conditions in summer and fall tliat are favorable to fish life. The Department of Fish and Game has plans for similarly raising the level of and operating an additional number of natural lakes. It is considered probable that in the future more reservoir storage ca- pacity will be allocated to this purpose, and that in some instances reservoirs will be constructed exclu- sively to augment the natural low summer and fall flows in the interests of fish life. Comprehensive de- velopments of these types are contemplated in The California Water Plan. Furthermore, releases of ( 75) 76 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS water from multiiJiirposc reservoirs are eoutemplated for tlie purpose of niaintaiiiiiig adequate stream flows for fish life. General discussions of probable ultimate water re- quirements, and of the nature and extent of plans for water development for the Mother Lode Region are presented in this chapter. These matters are discussed separately by service areas or by groups of service areas, beginning on the north in Butte County and extending- to the south in Mariposa County. The dis- cussions do not include consideration of economic or financial feasibility of the possible water development works. Locations of the principal features of the plans are shown on Plate 16, entitled "Plans for Water Development, 1954." The plans described herein to meet the probable ultimate water requirements of the Mother Lode Region consider 46 dams and reservoirs and 21 hydro- electric power plants, as well as the enlargement of 12 existing dams and reservoirs and 8 power plants. LTnder the plans the aggregate reservoir storage capacity in the Mother Lode Region Avould be in- creased by some 3,500,000 acre-feet. The installed hydroelectric power capacity in the region woitIcI be increased by about 6H0,()00 kilowatts. The increase in hydroelectric energy produced w'ould be on the order of 2,900,000,000 kiiowatt-hours seasonally. The total safe seasonal yield of water under the plan of develop- ment would be about 3,360,000 acre-feet, to meet a probable ultimate seasonal water requirement in the agricultural zone of the Mother Lode Region of some 1,540,000 acre-feet. DEER CREEK, CHICO, MAGALIA, AND BIG BEND SERVICE AREAS These service areas, Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 on Plate 16, have estimated ultimate mean seasonal water require- ments of 7,800 acre-feet, 5,600 aere-feet, 26,800 acre- feet, and 7,300 acre-feet, respectively, or a total of 47,500 acre-feet. They could be supplied with water to meet these requirements by a plan which would in- volve the construction of dams and reservoirs on Butte and Little Butte Creeks, and utilization and enlarge- ment of certain existing works in and adjacent to the service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield of water under the plan would be about 105,000 acre- feet. The plan would jirovide for construction of three dams and reservoirs on Butte Creek, one on Little Butte Creek, and enlargement of the existing Magalia Reservoir. The uppermost dam on Butte Creek would be located at Butte Creek House, about 3 miles north of the existing Round Valley Reservoir. Stream bed elevation at the site of the proposed dam is about 5,750 feet, and stoi-age capacity of the reservoir would be about 9,400 acre-feet. Downstream from Butte Creek House Reservoir, a dam would be constructed at Grizzly Gulch at a site wliere the stream bed elevation is about 4,000 feet. Grizzly Gulch Reservoir would have a storage capacity of approximately 7,900 acre- feet. The other dam on Butte Creek would be con- structed at a site at the Forks of Butte, about 8 miles north of Magalia, where the stream bed elevation is approximately 2,060 feet. Forks of Butte Reservoir Avould have a storage capacity of about 49,700 acre- feet. A dam would also be constructed on Little Butte Creek at its junction with Mosquito Creek, creating the Mosquito Junction Reservoir with a storage capacity of about 6,500 acre-feet. Stream bed elevation at the dam site is about 2,400 feet. Downstream from Mosquito Junction Reservoir, Magalia Reservoir would be enlarged lYom its jjresent storage capacity of 3,300 acre-feet to a capacity of 6,400 acre-feet. Stream bed elevation at the dam is about 2,170 feet. The Deer Creek Service Area would be supplied with water from the proposed Butte Creek House Reservoir. Water released from the reservoir would be diverted from Butte Creek about 8 miles downstream from Butte Creek House Dam. Stream bed elevation at the site of the diversion is about 4,400 feet. The diverted water woi^ld be conveyed by canal to Chico Creek. The canal would head in a westerly direction and would be about 1,000 feet in length. From Chico Creek water would be rediverted at a site where the stream bed elevation is about 3,600 feet. The diverted water would be conveyed to the Deer Creek Service Area in a canal approximately 17 miles in length, leading in a southwesterly direction. The Chico Service Area would be supplied with water from the proposed Grizzly Giilch Reservoir. Water released from the re-servoir would be diverted from Butte Creek at a site about 5 miles dow^nstream from the reservoir where the stream bed elevation is approximately 2,850 feet. The diverted water would be conveyed to the service area in a conduit about 10 miles in length, leading in a southwesterly direction. A portion of the water supplied from Grizzly Gulch Reservoir w-ould be furnished by releases from Butte Creek House Reservoir, located upstream from Grizzly Gulch Reservoir. The Magalia and Big Bend Service Areas woidd be supplied with w'ater to meet their requirements from works developed on Butte and Little Butte Creeks. Water released from Butte Creek House Reservoir on Butte Creek would flow to Grizzly Gulch Reservoir, where it would be released for diversion from Butte Creek into the existing conduit of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company leading to the forebay of the com- pany's De Sabla Power Plant. Elevation of the stream bed at the point of diversion from Butte Creek is ap- proximately 2,800 feet. The conduit leading to the De Sabla Power Plant forebay would be enlarged to carry the additional water required. From the forebay PLANS FOR AVATER DEVELOPMENT 77 of the De Sabla Power l'l;mt a portimi of the water eoiiveyed from Butte t'reek would be released to Lit- tle P>utte Creek, where it would be stored iu Mosiiuito •Tunetioii Reservoir. Water released from Mosquito Junetioii Reservoir and enlarg-ed Magalia Reservoir, located downstream, would be conveyed to supply a portion of the requirements of the Magalia and Big Benil Service Areas. The renuiinder of the reijuire- ment would be supplied from Forks of Butte Reser- voir by means of a conduit, 14 miles iu length, lead- ing iu a southerly direction from the I'eservoir along the ridge separating Butte and I^ittle Butte t'reeks to below Magalia Reservoir. The water conveyed from Forks of Butte Reservoir would augment releases from Magalia Reservoir. BUCKEYE SERVICE AREA This service area. No. 5 on Plate 10, has a probable ultimate mean seasonal water recpiirement of 8,000 acre-feet. It could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve the con- struction of a dam and reservoir on the upper reaches of the Little North Fork of the Feather River, diver- sion of the conserved water through a tunnel to Pea- vine Creek, rediversion of the flow-s from Peavine Creek, and their conveyance by canal to areas of use. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 10.000 acre-feet. The plan would provide for a reservoir of about 12,000 acre-foot storage capacity on Arkansas Ravine, about 5 miles south of Bucks Creek Lake. Stream bed elevation at the dam site is about 4,800 feet. Water re- leased from Arkansas Ravine Reservoir would be di- verted from the Little North Fork about 7 miles downstream from the dam into a tunnel driven west- ward through the ridge to Peavine Creek. The eleva- tion of the stream bed at the point of diversion is about 2,700 feet. The tunnel would be about 1.5 miles in length, and would terminate at an elevation of about 2,()70 feet. The water would be rediverted from Peavine Creek near the outlet of the tunnel and con- veyed in a canal about 12 miles in length in a south- westerly direction to areas of use in the Buckeye Service Area. BIDWELL SERVICE AREA This service area. No. 6 on Plate 16, has an esti- mated ultimate mean sea.sonal water requirement of G,900 acre-feet. It could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan w'hich would involve the construction of a dam and reservoir on upper Fall River, and conveyance of the conserved water to areas of use in the service area. The estimated safe seasonal yield under the plan would be about 8,;i00 acre-feet. The plan would provide for a reservoir of about 6,000 acre-foot storage capacitj^ on upper Pall River, about 9 miles above the junction witli the ^Middle Foi'k of the Feather River. Sti-eam bed elevation at the dam site is about 3,900 feet. Water released from Fall Rivei' Reservoir would be diverted fnuii Fall River below the dam and conveyed iu a canal along the left bank for a distance of about 20 miles to areas of use in the Bidwell Service Area. WYANDOTTE, CHALLENGE, STRAV/BERRY, AND BROWNS VALLEY SERVICE AREAS These service areas, Nos. 7, 8, 9, and 10 on Plate 16, have estimated ultimate mean seasonal water require- ments of 69,800 acre-feet, ;W,400 acre-feet, 3,900 acre- feet, and 33,r)00 aci-e-feet, respectively, or a total of 146,600 acre-feet. The.v could be supplied with water to meet these requirements by a plan for multipurpose development of the South Fork of the Feather River and adjacent streams, and conveyance of the con- served water to areas of use in the respective service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 185,000 acre-feet. The installed hydroelectric jiower capacity would total about 98,500 kilowatts, and it is estimated that the jjower plants would produce about 327, 000, 000 kilowatt- hours of electric energy seasonally. The plan contemplates the construction of Little Grass Valley Dam and Reservoir on the South Fork of the Feather River. Stream bed elevation at the dam site is about 4,880 feet, and the storage capacity of the reservoir would be 50,500 acre-feet. Water re- leased from this reservoir would be diverted from the South Fork about 6 miles below the dam at a point where the stream bed elevation is 3,925 feet. The water would be conveyed southerly through a tunnel about 2.3 miles in length to Lost Creek. Most of the water would flow down the creek to Enlarged Lost Creek Reservoir, but a portion of the water would be diverted to Sly Creek and from there be rediverted to serve the Strawberry Service Area and a ])ortion of the Wyandotte Service Area. Enlarged Lost Creek Reservoir would be created by construction of a dam approximately at the site of the existing structiire whei'e the stream bed elevation is 3,195 feet. The res- ervoir would be enlarged from its present storage ca- pacity of 5,200 acre-feet to about 140,000 acre-feet. The plan also contemplates the construction of a small diversion dam on Canyon Creek, a tributary of the Yuba River, wdiere the stream bed elevation is about 3,810 feet. From the Canyon Creek Diversion, water would be conveyed westerly through a tunnel about 4.3 miles in length to a projiosed diversion lo- cated on Slate Creek where the stream bed elevation is about 3,490 feet. From Slate Creek the waters of Slate and Canyon Creeks would be conveyed westerly through a tunnel about 2.2 miles iu length to a point on Lost Creek above Enlarged Lost Creek Reservoir. SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS Releases from Lost Creek Reservoir wonkl be made into an enlarged Forbestown Ditch and to the pro- posed AVoodleaf Power Plant, located on the South Fork of the Feather River at an elevation of about 1,770 feet. Woodleaf Power Plant woidd have an in- stalled capacity of 66,000 kilowatts, operating under a maximum static head of 1,740 feet. Warter would be conveyed to the Woodleaf Power Plant from Lost Creek Reservoir in a tunnel 3.2 miles in length, lead- ing in a westerly direction. Releases from the AYood- leaf Power Plant would be rediverted at the afterbay of the plant at a stream bed elevation of about 1,700 feet. The water would be conveyed in a tunnel 3.5 miles in length, leading in a westerly direction to the proposed Forbestown Power Plant, located on the South Fork of the Feather River where the stream bed elevation is about 960 feet. The installed capacity of the plant would be 32,500 kilowatts, operating under a static head of 810 feet. Releases from the Forbestown Power Plant would be reregulated in an afterbay formed by a dam located at a site where the stream bed elevation is 825 feet. The reregulated water would be conveyed by canal from the afterbay along the left bank of the Soutli Fork, a distance of some 10 miles, and the canal would then turn south- erly for a distance of about 8 miles. Water would be released en route to supply lands in portions of the Wyandotte and Browns Valley Service Areas in all of the Challenge Service Area. The remainder of the water required to supply the Browns Valley Serv- ice Area would be furnished from the proposed Virginia Ranch Reservoir, whicli would have a stor- age capacity of 36,000 acre-feet. Virginia Ranch Dam would be located on Dry Creek where the stream bed elevation is about 1,050 feet. The dam would be lo- cated northwest of the existing Englebright Reser- voir on the Yuba River. TYLER AND GRASS VALLEY SERVICE AREAS These service areas, Nos. 11 and 13 on Plate 16, have estimated ultimate mean seasonal water require- ments of 6,900 acre-feet and 90,000 acre-feet, respec- tively, or a total of 96,900 acre-feet. They could be supplied with water to meet these requirements by a plan whieli M'ould involve conservation of the waters of the South Fork of the Yuba River and Deer Creek, and conveyance of the conserved waters to ai'eas of use in the respective service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 225,000 acre-feet. The installed hydroelectric power capacity would total about 64,300 kilowatts, and it is estimated that the power plants would produce aboi^t 237,- 000,000 kilowatt-hours of electric energy seasonally. The plan contemplates construction of Washington Dam and Reservoir on the South Fork of the Yuba River, about 8 miles northeast of the existing Scotts Flat Reservoir on Deer Creek. Stream bed elevation at the site of the proposed dam is about 2,420 feet and stoi-age capacity of the reservoir would be about 125,800 acre-feet. Water released from the reservoir would be conveyed westerly through 11.4 miles of tunnel and 2 miles of pipe line to the proposed Devils Slide Power PUint, located on the South Fork of the Yuba River. The power plant would be located at an elevation of about 1,400 feet and would have an in- stalled hydroelectric power ca|)acity of 40,600 kilo- watts, operating under a gross static head of approxi- mately 1,400 feet. Prom the head of the penstock of the power plant water would be siphoned across the South Fork of the Yuba River to supply water to the Tyler Service Area. From the forebay of the Devils Slide Power Plant water would be conveyed in a southerly direction to supply a portion of the Grass Valley Service Area. Releases from the power ]ilant would be reregulated in an afterbay, formed bj^ a dam located at a stream bed elevation of about 1,330 feet. Water from the afterbay would be conveyed Avesterly through a tunnel 7.5 miles in length to the penstock of the proposed Jones Bar Power Plant, wliicli would be located on the edge of existing Englebright Reser- voir. This plant would be located at a point where the stream bed elevation is 527 feet. The plant would have an installed hydroelectric capacity of 23,700 kilowatts, operating under a maximinn static head of 775 feet. The remainder of the Grass Valley Seiwice Area would be supplied with water under a plan which would provide for the enlargement of tlie existing Scotts Flat Reservoir on Dry Creek. Scotts Flat Res- ervoir, with a storage capacity of 26,300 acre-feet, would be enlarged to about 62,500 acre-feet. Scotts Flat Dam is located on Deer Creek about 3.5 miles east of Nevada City, where the stream bed elevation is approximately 2,910 feet. Water released from the reservoir would be conveyed to ii-rigable lands in the service area through canals and conduits presently serving the area. SMARTVILLE SERVICE AREA This service area. No. 12 on Plate 16, has an esti- mated ultimate mean seasonal water requirement of 11,700 acre-feet. It could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve diversion of water from the Yuba River and con- veyance of this water in a southerly direction to serve the service area. Water from the existing Bul- lards Bar and Englebright Reservoirs, located on the Yuba River, would be utilized for this purpose. The safe seasonal yield from these reservoirs under this plan would be about 300,000 acre-feet. The plan would involve construction of a conduit diverting water at the existing Englebright Dam at an elevation of 496 feet, and conveyance of this water generally in a southerlv direction to the service area. PLANS FOR WATER DEVELOPMENT 79 SPAULDING SERVICE AREA This service area, No. 14 on Plate Ki, lias an esti- mated ultimate mean seasonal water i'e(iuireineiit of 4,800 aere-feet. The service area woulil be supplied with water to meet its requirement from the existin-i' forebiiy of the Deer Creek Power Plant, local ed on Deer ('reek. The water would be diverted at an eleva- tion of approximately 4,500 feet and conveyed by c-anal a distance of about If) miles to the service area. DOTY, COLFAX, AND LOOMIS SERVICE AREAS These service areas, Xos. 1."), 16, and IS on Plate l(i, liMve estimated ultimate mean seasonal water re(|uire- ments of n!).2()() acre-feet, 32,400 acre-feet, and 69,200 acre-feet, respectively, or a total of 200,800 aere-feet. They could be supplied with water to meet these re- (|uircments l)y a plan which would involve develop- ments on the Yuba, Bear, and American Rivers, and conveyance of the conserved waters to the respective service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under tills plan would be about 1,200,000 acre-feet. The in- crease in installed hydroelectric pt)wer capacity would be about 244,000 kilowatts, and about 765,000,000 kilo- watt-hours of new <'lectrical energy A\-ould be pr static head availalih' would be about 800 feet. YOUNGS SERVICE AREA This service area, No. 23 on Plate Ki, has an esti- mated ultimate mean seasonal water requirement of 12,500 acre-feet. It could be sui)plie(l with water to HK'ct this requirement by a plan which would involve development of the waters of the North Fork of the Cosumnes River and certain of its tributaries, and their conveyance to areas of use in the service area. The estimated safe seasonal yield undri- this ))hm would be about 19,600 acre-feet. The plan contemplates construction of Cajips Crossing Dam and Reservoir on the North Fork of the Cosumnes River. The dam would be located about 3.5 miles northeast of Dogtown at a site where the stream bed elevation is approximately 5,060 feet. The storage capacity of the reservoir woidd be about 19,200 acre-feet. Water released from the reservoir would be diverted immediately downstream from the dam and conveyed by canal along the left bank of the North Fork of the Cosumnes River for a distance of about 7 miles to the vicinity of Grizzly Flat. The |ilan also contemplates the construction of ^fid- dle End Dam and Reservoir on the North Fork. The dam woxtld be located about 2.5 miles north of Grizzly Flat at a site where the stream bed elevation is ap- proximately 3,180 feet. The storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 7,000 acre-feet. Water re- leased from the reservoir would be diverted at the dam and conveyed westerly and then southerly, crossing Steeley Ford to supply water to the service area. The total length of tlie canal would be about 7 miles. AUKUM AND VOLCANO SERVICE AREAS These service areas, Nos. 24 and 29 on Plate 16, have estimated ultimate mean seasonal water require- ments of 19,000 acre-feet and 16,900 acre-feet, re- spectively, or a total of 35,900 acre-feet. They could be supplied with water to meet these requirements by a plan which would involve development of the waters of the Middle and South Forks of the Cosumnes River, and their conveyance to areas of use in these service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 42,700 acre-feet. Tiic jilan contemplates the construction of Pi Pi Dam and Reservoir on the Middle Fork of the Co- sumnes River near West Falls. The stream bed eleva- tion at the dam site is approximately 3,840 feet, and the storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 50,000 acre-feet. Water conserved in Pi Pi Reservoir 84 ST'RVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS would be aufrmentpd by waters diverted from the North Fork of the Middle Fork and from JMiddle Dry Creek, situated a short distaiiee to the north of the reservoir, and conveyed to the reservoir. "Water fi-om Pi Pi Reservoir wouhl be diverted fi'oin the ]\Iiddk' Fork immediately downstream from the dam and con- veyed alono; the left bank in a canal for a distance of about 7 miles to Sopiagro Reservoir on Sopiap;o Creek. At this point the water would be siphoned across So- piago Creek to an existing- ditch which extends west and south for a distance of about 'i miles. This ditch would be extended an additional 15 miles, crossing Scott Creek and the South Fork of the Cosumnes River. The ditch would snpjily water to hijiher lands situated in the Aukum and Volcano Service Areas. During the nonirrigation season releases from Pi Pi Reservoir would augment inflow to tlie pro]iosed So- piago and Case Valley Reservoirs. Sopiago Dam on Sopiago Creek, a tributary of the Middle Fork of the Cosumnes River, would be located about 4 miles upstream from the confluence of the Middle Fork, where the stream bed elevation is ap- proximately 3,520 feet. The storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 12,000 acre-feet. Releases from the reservoir would be diverted from Sopiago Creek 1 mile downstream from the dam and conveyed in a canal 5 miles in length to the vicinity of Omo Ranch. At this point water would be released from the canal to Cedar Creek for conveyance to irrigable lands situated south and west of Coyoteville. The canal would continue from Omo Ranch to supply water to irrigable lands west of Fairplay. The plan also contemplates the construction of Case Valley Dam and Reservoir on the South Fork of the Cosumnes River, about 3 miles west of Dew Drop Fire Control Station. The dam would he located at a site where the stream bed elevation is appi'oximately 3,220 feet. The storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 18,000 acre-feet. Releases from the reservoir would be diverted at the dam and conveyed in a canal about 5 miles in length to a point where a portion of the water supply would be spilled into Golden Gate Creek, a tributary of Sutter Creek. This water would be diverted downstream to supply irrigable lands in the vicinity of Volcano, Pine Grove, Mount Ziou, and New York Ranch School. The remainder of the water from the point of spill would be conveyed by canal westerly to furnish water to lauds north of Sutter Creek. PLYMOUTH SERVICE AREA This service area. No. 27 on Plate ](), has an esti- Tuated ultimate mean seasonal water reciuirement of 20,000 acre-feet. It could be supplied water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve de- velopment of the water of the Middle and South Forks of the Cosumnes River, and their conveyance to areas of use through new and existing facilities. Tlie safe seasonal yield under this ]ilan would he about 25,000 acre-feet. The plan contemplates construction of P>akers Ford Dam and Reservoir on the Middle Fork of the Co- sumnes River near Bakers Ford. The stream bed ele- vation at the dam site is approximately 1,660 feet, and storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 16,000 aei-e-feet. The water released from the reser- voir would be diverted from the Middle Fork at the dam and conveyed in a canal along the left bank of the river for a distance of approximately 13 miles to Shenandoah Valley. Bridgeport Dam and Reservoir wouhl be con- structed on the South Fork of the Cosumnes River near Bridgeport. The stream bed elevation at the dam site is approximately 1,970 feet, and the storage ca- pacity of the resei'voir would be about 36,000 acre- feet. Water released from Bridgejiort Reservoir would be diverted from the South Fork immediately down- stream from the dam, and would be conveyed south- erly in a canal approximately 8 miles in length to the vicinity of Fiddletown, su])plying water to ir- rigable lands enroute. LACUNA AND lONE SERVICE AREAS These service areas, Nos. 25 and 26 on Plate 16, have probable idtimate mean seasonal water require- ments of 94,000 aere-feet and 77,100 aere-feet, re- speetivel.y, or a total of 171,100 acre-feet. They could be supplied with water to meet these requirements by a plan which would involve development of the waters of tlie Cosumnes River at the Nashville site and from the proposed Folsom South Canal, hydroelectric power facilities, and conveyance of the conserved waters to areas of use in the respective service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield of water under this plan would be about 177,000 acre-feet, of which 64,000 acre-feet would be supplied from the proposed Folsom South Canal. The installed power capacity of tlie proposed power plant would be about 10,000 kilo- watts and the plant would produce about 40,000,000 kilowatt-hours of electrical energy seasonally. The plan contemplates the construction of Nash- ville Dam and Reservoir on the Cosumnes River. The stream bed elevation at the dam site, located about 2 miles south of Na.shville, is approximately 760 feet. Tile storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 550,000 acre-feet. A power plant with afterhay would be constrixcted immediately downstream from the dam. The static head available to the plant would be approximately 260 feet, and the installed Indroelec- tric poM'er capacity would be about 10,000 kilowatts. F'rom the afterhay of the Nashville Power Plant the water would flow in a canal in a southwesterly direc- tion to supply irrigable lands in the lone Service Area and a portion of the irrigable lands in the La- guna Service Area. PLANS FOR WATER nEVELOPlMEXT 85 The remainder of the irrigable hinds in the Lagnna Serviee Area would be supplied with water from the proposed Polsom South Canal, wliieh wrndd extend from Lake Natoma on the American River southerly to Littlejohns Creels, a distance of approximately 50 miles. As planned, the Folsom South Canal would di- vert water at an elevation of about 118 feet and would extend southerly, erossino^ the Cosumnes River at an elevation of about 110 feet and Dry Creek at an eleva- tion of about 100 feet. Water would be pumped from the eanal between the Cosumnes River and Dry Creek to sujiply water to the remainder of the irrifiable lands in the Lacuna Service Area not furnished water from Nashville Reservoir. It is estimated that the maximum pumpinj;- lift from the eanal w^ould be on the order of 50 feet. JACKSON SERVICE AREA This service area. No. 28 on IMate 16, has an ulti- mate mean seasonal water requirement of 22,400 acre- feet. It could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve develop- ment of the waters of Sutter Creek, utilization of existing;- regulatory and conduit facilities, and con- veyance of the conserved waters to areas of use in the service area. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan woidd be about 23,000 acre-feet. Water now used in a portion of the service area is obtained from the Mokelumne River through the Electra Tunnel and the Amador Canal. Water from the North Fork of the Mokelumne River is presently conveyed by the Electra Tunnel to Lake Tabeaud, which serves as the forebay to the existing Electra Power Plant of the Pacific Gas and Electric Comiiany. This plant is located on the Mokelumne River, approx- imately 12 miles upstream from Pardee Reservoir of the East P>ay Municipal Utility District. A portion of the water conveyed in the Electra Tunnel is pumped from Lake Tabeaud to the Amador Canal and con- veyed in a northwesterly direction to Sutter Creek. Under the plan of development, water in the Am- ador Canal w-ould be released enroute to supply the southern portion of the Jackson Service Area. The re- mainder of the service area would be supplied from the projiosed Volcano Reservoir. Volcano Dam would be constructed on Sutter Creek, about 2.5 miles west of the town of Volcano. The stream bed elevation at the dam site is approximately 1,730 feet, and storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 15,000 acre- feet. Water released from the reservoir would be di- verted from Sutter Creek about 4 miles below the dam and conveyed westerly in a eanal for a distance of about 7 miles to the Amador Canal near the town of Sutter Creek. From this point the Amador Canal would be enlarged and extended to the vicinity of Dr-\-town. Water would be released eni-oute to supply irrigable lands situated below the canal. ARROYO SECO SERVICE AREA This service area, No. 31 on Plate 16, has an esti- mated ultimate mean seasonal water requirement of 35,000 acre-feet. It could be siipplicd with water to meet this retiuiremeut by a plan which would involve development of tiie waters of Dry Creek, augmented with watei- from the iii-cvioiisly described Folsom South Canal, and conveyance of the conserved waters to irrigable lands in the service area. The estimated mean seasonal yield under this jdan would l)e about 35,000 acre-feet, of which 7,()()0 acre-feet wonhl be sup]ilied from the |)roi)oscd Folsom South Canal. The plan contemjiiates construction of Irish Hill Dam and Reservoir on Dry Creek about 5..") miles ilowii- stream from State Highway 4!t. The sti'cam bed ele- vation at the dam site is approximately 400 feet, and the storage capacity of the reservoir w-ould be about 28,000 acre-feet. The waters of Dry Creek con.served by the reservoir would be augmented by water- di- verted from Sutt(>r C'reek below the previously de- scribed Volcano Reservoir. Water from Irish Hill Reservoir would be diverted immediately below the dam and conveyed by canal in a southerly direction for a distance of about 10 miles, serving irrigable lands situated below the canal. Remaining irrigable lands in the Arroyo Seco Service Area not supplied from Irish Hill Reservoir would be furnished water from lone Reservoir and the Folsom South Canal. The plan would also involve construction of lone Dam and Reservoir on Dry Creek. The stream bed elevation at the dam site, located about 1 mile west of the San Joaquin-Amador county line, is approxi- mately 160 feet. The storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 50.000 acre-feet. Water of Dry Creek conserved by lone Reservoir would be augmented by spill from Irish Hill Reservoir. Water released from lone Reservoir would be diverted immediately down- stream from the dam and conveyed by eanal in a southerly direction for a distance of about 10 miles. Irrigable lands situated below the dam would be sup- plied water enroute. The remaining irrigable lands not supplied water from Irish Hill and lone Reser- voirs would be furnished water from the Folsom South Canal. The maximiun pumping lift from the canal would be about 50 feet. WEST POINT SERVICE AREA This service area, No. 30 on Plate 16, has an esti- mated ultimate mean seasonal water requirement of 6,000 acre-feet. It could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan w-hich would involve development of the waters of Forest Creek and the Middle Fork of the Mokelumne River, and conveyance of these waters to irrigable lands within the service area. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about n,.")(IO acre-feet. 86 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS Tlie plan contemplates enlargement of existing Schaad (Middle Kork) Reservoir, which is located on the ^Mitldh' Fork of tlie Mokelumne River. The stream bed elevation at the site of the dam is approximately 2,940 feet. The storage capacity of the reservoir would be increased from 1,870 acre-feet to about 10,000 acre- feet. Water conserved by the reservoir would be di- verted at the dam and conveyed by two canals, one on either bank of the Middle Fork of the Mokelumne River, to the West Point and Mokelumne Service Areas. Each canal would be approximately 8 miles in leugtli and would serve lands lying below an elevation of about 2,850 feet. Forest Creek Dam and Reservoir would be located on Forest Creek near the Old Mattson Mill. The eleva- tion of the stream bed at the dam site is approximately 3,250 feet, and the capacity of the reservoir Avould be about 5,000 aere-feet. Water conserved by this reser- voir would be diverted at the dam and conveyed in a canal approximately 6 miles in length to lands situ- ated at higher elevations in the West Point Service Area. MOKELUMNE AND CALAVERAS SERVICE AREAS These service areas, Nos. 34 and 35 on Plate 16, have estimated ultimate mean seasonal Avater requirements of 30,800 acre-feet and 30,700 acre-feet, respectively, or a total of 61,500 acre-feet. They could be supplied with water to meet these requirements by a plan which would involve development of the waters of the Middle and South Forks of the Mokelumne River, the Nortli Fork of the Calaveras River, the North Fork of the Stanislaus River, hydroelectric power facilities, and conveyance of the conserved water to irrigable lands in the respective sei'vice areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 131,000 acre-feet, of which about 62,000 acre-feet would be supplied to the Mokelumne and Calaveras Service Areas. The installed power capacity of the proposed power plants would total about 29,000 kilo- watts, and it is estimated that they would produce about 163,000,000 kilowatt-hours of electric energy seasonally. The plan contemplates the seasonal diversion of about 2,000 acre-feet from Schaad Reservoir, pre- viously described, to serve water to lands situated be- tween the Middle and South Forks of the Mokelumne River. An additional 9,000 acre-feet would be diverted from the South Fork of the Mokelumne River, aug- mented by releases from Schaad Reservoir, under the existing right of the Calaveras Public Utility Dis- trict, and would be conveyed in its canal to irrigate a portion of the lands lying below the canal. The re- maining portion of the Mokelumne and Calaveras Service Areas would be supplied with water from developments on the North Fork of the Stanislaus River and Calaveras River. Under the plan for the development of the North Foi-k of the Stanislaus River, an enlarged dam and reservoir would be constructed at the site of the exist- ing Spicers Meadow Reservoir on Highland Creek, a tributary to the North Fork. The dam would be located about 2 miles south of the existing Union Dam at a point where the stream bed elevation is approxi- mately 6,368 feet. The storage capacity of Spicers Meadow Reservoir would be increased from 3,800 acre- feet to about 38,000 aere-feet. Water released from the reservoir would be conveyed in a conduit along the right bank of Highland Creek for a distance of about 6 nnles to the proposed Spicers Power Plant. This plant would be located on Highland Creek on the up- stream end of the proposed Ganns Reservoir, at a site where the stream bed elevation is approximately 5,660 feet. The average static head available to the power plant would be about 700 feet, and the installed power capacity would be about 10,000 kilowatts. Ganns Dam would be constructed about 1 mile downstream from the junction of the North Fork of the Stanislaus RiA'er and Highland Creek. The stream bed elevation at the dam site is about 5,470 feet, and the storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 15,000 acre-feet. Water conserved in Ganns Reservoir would be augmented by releases from Spicers Power Plant and releases from existing Utiea Reservoir, and Silver Valley and Union Valley Reservoirs. Water released from the reservoir would flow down the natural channel to the proposed Ramsey Reservoir. Ramsey Dam would be constructed on the North Fork of the Stanislaus River about 6 miles down- stream from Ganns Dam. The stream bed elevation at the dam site is about 4,550 feet, and the storage ca- pacity of the reservoir would be about 32,000 acre- feet. Water released from Ramsey Reservoir would be conveyed in a conduit, located along the right bank of the North Fork of the Stanislaus River, for a dis- tance of about 12 miles, to the forebay of the proposed Moran Creek Power Plant, located on Moran Creek near White Pine. At this point the water would be conveyed in two directions. One would lead to the pro- posed Moran Creek Power Plant, siibsequently de- scribed under Stanislaus, Rock Creek, and Bear Moun- tain Service Areas. The remaining water at the Moran Creek Power Plant forebay would be conveyed in a canal, located on the ridge between the Calaveras and Mokelumne River watersheds, to the penstock of the proposed Jesus Maria Creek Power Plant, This power plant would be located at a site where the stream bed elevation is about 3,200 feet. The static head available to the plant would be about 1,200 feet, and the installed hydroelectric power capacity would be about 7,000 kilowatts. A portion of releases from the power plant would flow down the creek to the PLANS Vi)\{ WATER DEVELOPMENT 87 proposed Jesus Maria Reservoir, while the reniaiiidcr would be conveyed ojenerally westerly in a canal for a distance of about 10 miles to angment water stored in the projiosed enlarijed McCarty Reservoir, located on the North Fork of the Calaveras River in Calaveras Valley. Water would be released from the canal to snpply irritable lands situated below the canal. Jesus Maria Dam and Reservoir would be located on Jesus Maria Creek, about 3.5 miles northeast of Mountain Ranch. Stream bed elevation at the dam site is about 2,200 feet, and the storap:e capacity of the reservoir would be about 8.000 acre-feet. The reser- voir would conserve the natural flow of the creek as well as water released from the previously described canal leading; from Ramsey Reservoir. "Water released from Jesus Maria Reservoir would be conveyed in a canal alonp the left bank of the creek for a distance of about 10 miles to supply water to irrigable lands in the Calaveras Service Area lyinjr south of the creek and below an elevation of 2,100 feet. McCarty Dam is located on the North Fork of the Calaveras River in Calaveras Valley, about 6 miles south of West Point. Stream bed elevation at the dam .site is about 2.700 feet. The storage capacity of Me- Cai"ty Reservoir would be increased from the present capaeit.v of about 660 acre-feet to about 15,000 acre- feet. Water released from the reservoir would be di- verted from the North Fork and conveyed in a canal, located along the ridge separating the watersheds of the South Fork of the Mokelumne River and the North Fork of the Calaveras River, for a distance of about 10 miles to the existing Mokelumne Ditch. This ditch presently serves a portion of the Mokehnnne Service Area. The Mokelumne Ditch would be en- larged to supply water to the remainder of the ir- rigable lands in the Mokelumne Service Area. BEAR CREEK AND HOGAN SERVICE AREAS These service areas, Nos. 32 and 33 on Plate 16, have estimated ultimate mean seasonal water require- ments of 74,900 acre-feet and 48,300 acre-feet, or a total of 123,200 acre-feet. They could be supplied with water to meet these recjuirements by a plan which Avould involve development of the waters of the Cala- veras River, the North Foi-k of the Stanislaus River, import from the American River via the Folsom South Canal, and conveyance of the conserved waters to ir- rigable lands in the respective service areas. The esti- mated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 124,000 acre-feet. Hydroelectric power develop- ments utilizing water from the Stanislaus River have been previously described under the Mokelumne and Calaveras Service Areas. The plan contemplates construction of an enlarged Hogan Dam and Reservoir on the Calaveras River, about 6 nules southeast of San Andreas and about 8 miles east of the San Joaquin-Calavei-as county line. Water conserved in Ilogan Reservoir would inchide the tlt)w of the Calaveras River, sjiill from proposed San Domingo Reservoir, described later herein, and spill from Jesus Maria and McCarty Reservoirs, lo- cated upstream in the watershed. Stream bed elevation at the site of Hogan Dam is about 530 feet, and the storage capacity of Ilogan Reservoir would be in- creased from the present capacity of 76,000 acre-feet to about 325,000 acre-feet. Water released from Hogan Reservoir would be diverted from the Calaveras Kixcr and conveyed by canal to supply irrigable lands in the Hogan and Bear Creek Service Areas. Under this plan, insufficient water would lie made available from the works of the Calaveras and Stanis- laus Rivers to meet the ultimate requirements of the Bear Creek and Hogan Service Areas. The most likely source of water supply to meet this deficiency would be from the American River by way of the Folsom South Canal. Water would be pumped from the canal and utilized in the lower reaches of the Bear Creek Service Area. It would be necessary to obtain about 19.000 acre-feet of water per season from this source to meet the remainder of the ultimate seasonal water requirements of the Bear Creek and Hogan Service Areas. STANISLAUS, ROCK CREEK, AND BEAR MOUNTAIN SERVICE AREAS These service areas, Nos. 36, 38, and 39 on Plate 16, have estimated ultimate mean seasonal water require- ments of 25,800 acre-feet, 12,100 acre-feet, and 38.000 acre-feet, respectively, or a total of 75,900 acre-feet. They could be supplied with water to meet these re- quirements by a plan which would involve develop- ment of the waters of the North Fork of the Stan- islaus River, of San Domingo and Angels Creeks, hydroelectric power facilities, and conveyance of the conserved waters to irrigable lands in the respective service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield of this plan woidd be about 95,000 acre-feet, of which the major portion would be supplied from works de- scribed heretofore in the IMokelumne and Calaveras Service Areas. The installed power capacity of the proposed power plants would total about 12.000 kilo- watts, and it is estimated they would produce about 84,000,000 kilowatt-hours of electrical energy season- ally. These totals are included in the total power ca- pacity and energy output previously mentioned under the Mokelumne and Calaveras Service Areas. As was described in the section dealing with the Mokelumne and Calaveras Service Areas, the plan for the Stanislaus, Rock Creek, and Bear Mountain Service Areas would in part include elements of works proposed for the conservation of waters of Highland Creek at the Spicers Meadow site, and the North Fork of the Stanislaus River at the Ganns and Ramsey sites. The waters so conserved would be conveyed to SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS the forebay of the proposed Moran Creek Power Plant. A portion of the water entering- the forebay would be released to Moran Creek Power Plant, located on Moran Creek where the stream bed elevation is about 3,950 feet. The static head available to the plant would be about 550 feet, and the installed hydro- electric power capacity would be about 6, (KM) kilo- watts. Releases from the power plant would be con- veyed in Moran Creek downstream to the existing Hunter Reservoir and Utica Ditch, thence to the ex- isting ]\Inrphys Power Plant, located about 1.5 miles northeast of ilurphys on Angels Creek at stream bed elevation of 2,-450 feet. The installed hydroelectric power ea])aeity of the existing- Murphys Power Plant, wliich operates under a constant head of 684 feet and has an installed hydroelectric power capacity of 3,800 kilowatts, would be increased to 7,000 kilowatts. Water required to supply irrigable lands in the Stan- islaus Service Area would be supplied for the most part from water discharged from the Murphys Power Plant. The water wonld be conveyed through existing and jiroposed canals extending southwesterly from the power plant. The lower portion of the Stanislaus Service Area would be served water from the proposed San Domingo-Bear Mountain Conduit, which in turn would be supplied water from the proposed San Do- mingo Reservoir. Water conserved by San Domingo Reservoir would be augmented by water released from the Murphys Power Plant. This water would be con- veyed northwesterly in a proposed canal to the reser- voir. Releases from the Murphys Power Plant, to aug- ment flow in San Domingo Reservoir, would be di- verted from Angels Creek and conveyed northwest- erly by canal a distance of about 3 miles to discharge into San Domingo Creek, a short distance upstream from San Domingo Reservoir. San Domingo Dam would be constructed on San Domingo Creek, about 1.5 miles northwest of Murphys, where the stream bed elevation is approximately 1.710 feet. The storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 22,000 acre- feet. Water released from the reservoir would be di- verted immediately downstream from the dam and conveyed in a southwesterly direction by a canal and siphon along the southern boundary of the Calaveras River watershed and thence by tunnel through Bear Mountain, for a total distance of about 28 miles to a point near existing Salt Springs Valley Reservoir. Water from the San Domingo-Bear Mountain Con- duit would serve irrigable lands in the lower portion of the Stanislaus Service Ai-ea and in the Bear Moun- tain Service Area. Irrigable lands in the Rock Creek Service Area would be supplied water from the ex- isting Salt Springs Valley Reservoir, located about 5 miles east of Milton on Rock Creek. Stream bed eleva- tion at Salt Springs Valley Dam is about 1,050 feet. Water conserved bv the reservoir would be augmented by i-eleases from the San Domingo-Bear Jlountain Conduit. LYONS, PHOENIX, AND KEYSTONE SERVICE AREAS These service areas, Nos. 37, -tO, and 41 on Plate 16, have estimated ultimate mean seasonal water re- quirements of 12,500 acre-feet, 35,900 aore-feet, and 25,500 acre-feet, respectively, or a total of 73,900 acre- feet. They could be supplied with water to meet these requirements by a plan which would involve develop- ment of the waters of the South Pork of the Stanis- laus River, the North Fork of the Tuohnnne River, upper Clavey, Lily, and Sullivan Creeks, hydroelec- tric power facilities, and conveyance of the conserved waters to irrigable lands in the respective service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 120,000 acre-feet. The installed hydroelectric power capacity of the projiosed power plant would be about 20,000 kilowatts, and it is esti- mated that it would produce about 94,000,000 kilo- watt-hours of electric energy seasonally. The plan contemplates the construction of Lily Lake Dam and Reservoir on Lily Creek, a tributary of the Tuolumne River. Stream bed elevation at the site of Lily Lake Dam is approximately 6,910 feet. The storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 9,000 acre-feet. Water released from the reservoir would be diverted at the dam and conveyed along the right Ijank of Lily Creek in a canal about 5 miles in length to the proposed Belle ]\Ieadows Reservoir located on Clavey Creek. Belle Meadows Dam on Clavey Creek, a tributary of the Tuolumne River, would be located at a site where the stream bed elevation is approxi- mately 6,270 feet. The storage capacity of this reser- voir would be about 10,000 acre-feet. Water released from Belle Meadows Reservoir would be diverted at the dam and conveyed in a canal about 2.5 miles in length, to spill into Trout Creek. The water of Trout Creek would be diverted a short distance downstream into a canal about 5 miles in length which would spill into the proposed Lords Reservoir located on Rush Creek. Lords Dam, located on Rush Creek, a tributary of ■ Clavey Creek and the Tuolumne River, would be | located at a site where the stream bed elevation is approximately 5,325 feet. Lords Reservoir would have a storage capacity of 10,000 acre-feet. Water released from this reservoir would be diverted at the dam and conveyed along the right bank of Rush Creek in a canal about 8 miles in length, to spill into the pro- posed Browns Meadow Reservoir, located on the North Fork of the Tuolumne River. Browns Meado-n- Dam would be located approximately 2 miles east of Long Barn, where the stream bed elevation is about 4,665 feet. The storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 14,000 acre-feet. Releases from Bi-owns Meadow Reservoir would be diverted at the dam and PLANS FOR WATER DEVELOPMENT 89 oonve.ved in a eaual about 4.5 miles in l('n»tli to a tunnel 0.75 mile in length, di.schargiuf;' into the pro- posed enlarjied Lyons Reservoir, located on the South Fork of the Stanislaus River about 2 miles northwest of Lon<;- Para. Existing: Lyons Reservoir supplies water to the ex- isting- Phoenix Power Plant througli the Tuolumne Ditch. Sti'eam bed elevation at Lyons Dam is ap]n-ox- iniately 4,100 feet. The storage capacity of Lyons Reservoir would be increased from the jn-esent 5,500 acre-feet to about 63,000 acre-feet. AVater released from the reservoir would be conveyed in the existing Tuolumne Ditch .system to supply water to irrigable lands in the Ijyons Service Area, and to augment water conserved by the proposed enlarged Phoenix Resei'voir. Phoenix Dam is located on Sullivan Creek about 3 miles northeast of Sonora, at a site where the stream bed elevation is about 2,355 feet. The storage capacity of this reservoir would be increased from the present 850 acre-feet to about 25,000 acre-feet. Water con- served in the enlarged reservoir would be augmented by increased releases of water from the proposed en- larged Phoenix Power Plant, located about 2 miles north of Phoenix Dam. The installed hydroelectric power capacity of the power plant would be increased from 1,800 kilowatts to about 20,000 kilowatts. Irri- gable lands in the Phoenix and Keystone Service Areas would be served water from the enlarged Phoe- nix Reservoir through existing and proposed canals. BLANCHARD, GROVELAND, HARDIN, AND BAXTER SERVICE AREAS These service areas, Nos. 42, 43, 44. and 45 on Plate 16, have estimated ultimate mean seasonal water re- quirements of 9,500 acre-feet, 19,200 acre-feet, 11,400 acre-feet, and 17,700 acre-feet, respectively, or a total of 57,800 acre-feet. They could be supplied with water to meet these requirements by a plan which would in- volve development of the waters of the Middle and South Porks of the Tuolumne River and conveyance of the con.served water to irrigable lands in the re- spective service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield of this plan would be about 58,000 acre-feet. The plan contemplates construction of Cottonwood Meadows Dam and Reservoir on the Middle Fork of the Tuolumne River, just below the continence of Cot- tonwood Creek. Stream bed elevation at the dam site is about 5,875 feet. The storage capacity of the reser- voir would be about 30,000 acre-feet. Releases from the reservoir would be diverted from the river at a point about 3 miles downstream from the dam. Stream bed elevation at the site of the proposed diversion is approximately 4,800 feet. The diverted water would be conveyed in a canal in a southwesterly direction a distance of about 4 miles to a point on the South Fork upstream from the proposed Hardin Flat Reservoir. Hardin Flat Dam would be constructed at a site on the South Fork of the Tuolumne River near Hardin Ranch, where the stream bed elevation is approxi- mately 3,460 feet. The storage capacity of the reser- voir would be about 40,000 acre-feet. AVater conserved by the reservoir would be released to the existing but improved Groveland Ditch, and conveyed to irrigable lands in the Grovelaiul Service Area. About 10 miles below Hardin Flat Dam water would be diverted from the Groveland Ditch and conveyed southwesterly through proposed canals to serve water to irrigable lands in the Hardin, Plaiichard, and Baxter Service Areas. HORNITOS, MARIPOSA, WHITE ROCK, AND CHOWCHILLA SERVICE AREAS These service areas, Nos. 46, 47, 48, and 49 on Plate 16, have estimated ultimate mean seasonal water re- quirements of 35,800 acre-feet, 8,600 acre-feet, 10,100 acre-feet, and 26,100 acre-feet, respectively, or a total of 80,600 acre-feet. They could be supplied with water to meet these requirements by a plan which would in- volve development of the waters of the South Fork of the Merced River, tributaries of the West Fork of the Chowehilla River and of Mariposa and Bear Creeks, hydroelectric power facilities, and conveyance of the conserved waters to irrigable lands in the respective areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 100,000 acre-feet. The total in- stalled hydroelectric power capacity would be 12,000 kilowatts, and it is estimated that the energy gener- ated would be about 53,000,000 kilowatts seasonally. The plan contemplates construction of Wawona Dam and Reservoir on the South Fork of the Merced River. AV'awona Dam would be located at a site where the stream bed elevation is approximately 3,900 feet. The reservoir would have a storage capacity of about 5,000 acre-feet and would serve only as a diversion structure. It would not inundate any of the existing facilities of the Yosemite National Park. Water di- verted at the dam would be conve\-ed westerly in the proposed Wawona-Snow Creek Conduit, consisting of a tunnel 4.5 miles in length, a canal 6.5 miles in length, and 1 mile of inverted siphon. The conduit would terminate at the proposed Snow Creek Reser- voir, located on Snow Creek. Snow Creek Dam would be located at a site where the stream bed elevation is approximately 3,400 feet. This site is about 1 mile northwest of Buckingham Mountain School. The storage capacity of Snow- Creek Reservoir would be about 60.000 acre-feet. Releases would be made from the AVawoiui-Snow Creek Conduit and from Snow Creek Reservoir to supply water to lands in the uppei- Chowehilla Service Area. Most of the water released from Snow Creek Reservoir would be conveved b^• a canal 1.5 miles in length to the inlet 90 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS of a penstoi'k leading- to tlie jiroposed Snow Creek Power Plant. The inlet to the ])enstoek would be lo- cated about 1.5 miles west of Biiekingham Mountain Sehool. Prom this inlet a canal would eonvey a portion of the water to irrigable lands in the upper Mariposa and Chowehilla Service Areas. The remainder of the flow would pa.ss through the penstock to the Snow Creek Power Plant. The static head available to the plant would be about 900 feet. The installed h.vdro- electric ]iower cai)acity would be 12,000 kilowatts, and it is estimated that the plant would generate about 53,000,000 kilowatt-hours seasonally. From the afterbay of the Snow Creek Power Plant water would be diverted and conveyed in a canal 6 miles in length to a point located about 2 miles east of Mormon Bar. At this point releases would be made to the proposed Ilumbug Reservoir on Humbug Creek, proposed Strijied Rock Reservoir on Striped Rock Creek, proposed Agua Fria Reservoir on ilariposa Creek, and to a canal about 15 miles in length which would eonvey water westerly to supply irrigable lands in the Mariposa Service Area in the vicinity of Mari- posa, ]\Iount Bullion, and Bear Valle.v. The canal would also supply water to augment inflow to the proposed Bear Creek Reservoir located on Bear Creek. Humbug Dam and Reservoir would be located on Humbug Creek, about 4 miles southeast of IMormon Bar. Stream bed elevation at the site of the dam is ajiproximately 1,740 feet. The storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 5,000 aere-feet. Releases from the reservoir would be made to supply lauds in the lower Chowehilla Service Area. Striped Rock Dam and Reservoir on Striped Rock Creek would be constructed at a site located about 2 miles east of Ben Ilur. Stream bed elevation at the site of the proposed dam is approximately 1,340 feet. Storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 5,000 acre-feet. Water would be released from the reservoir to a proposed canal which would be about 5 miles in length and which would suppl.v water to the remain- ing irrigable lands in the Chowehilla Service Area. Agua Fria Dam and Reservoir on Mariposa Creek would be constructed .just downstream from the eon- Huence with Agua Fria Creek. Stream bed elevation at the site of the proposed dam is approximately 1,320 feet. The .storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 15,000 aere-feet. Water released from the reser- voir would be conveyed in a projiosed caiuil about 10 miles in length to supply water to the White Rock Service Area. Bear Creek Dam and Reservoir would be con- structed on Bear Creek at a site located about 5 miles soutii of the town of Bear Valle.v. Stream bed elevation at the site of the proposed dam is approximately 1,615 feet. The storage capacity of the reservoir would be about 22,000 acre-feet. Water released from the reser- voir would be conveyed by canals to supply irrigable lands in the Hornitos Service Area. CHAPTER V SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS On the basis of field investigations and studies and analyses of available data concerning the water re- sources of the Mother Lode Re<>ion, the following con- clusions have been reached and recommendations made. SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that : 1. The basic industries in which the present economy of the Motlier Lode Region is founded are hnnbering, agriculture, recreation, and mining. The greatest oiiportunity for economic expansion apjiears to be in the field of agriculture. 2. Streams tributary to the Mother Lode Region produce a mean seasonal runoff of about 17,000,000 acre-feet, almost '25 percent of the total surface runoff of California. This runoff is, and must continue to be, the primary source of water supply for all piu'poses in the region. .'}. Tliere are no ground water basins of significant extent and potential yield in the Mother Lode Region, and ground water is not a primary source of water supply, except for local domestic and stockwatering purposes. In limited areas in the extreme western por- tion of the region, bordering the ground water basin nf the Central Valley, some ground water is used for irrigation. However, the extensive development of groinid water for irrigation use in the region as a whole is not practicable. 4. The surface water supplies of the Mother Lode Region are of excellent mineral quality, for both do- I mestie and irrigation use. 5. Present development of the water resources of the ]\Iother Lode Region for use within the region is ' meager, and substantial expansion of the local economy cannot be accomplished initil new water sup- plies are developed. Development of the water re- sources for use in areas outside the region is sub- stantial, especially in the southern part of the region. Agencies of these outside areas plan increased devel- opment of water supplies within the Mother Lode Region. fi. At present there are approximately 63,000 acres ', of irrigated land and 57,000 acres of dry-farmed land hi the Mother Lode Region. About 85 per cent of the ( irrigated land is in the northern half of the region, I and more than half of this land is in Placer County. I 7. The ultimate land'use pattern in the Mother Lode I Region should include a maximum irrigated area of about 650,000 acres, or about 10 times the present acreage irrigated. This conclusion is hasiMl on I lie as- sumption that all lands in the region physically suited for irrigation will ultimately be brought uiuler irri- gation. 8. The principal irigatcd cro])s in the Mother Lode Region today are deciduous orchards, irrigated ]ias- ture, and olives. This general pattern should generally prevail in the future, with irrigated pasture becoming relatively more important than it is today, and with the additional irrigation of hay and grain. 9. Of the total quantity of applied water consumed for all purposes in the Mother Lode Region today, more than 80 per cent is used for irrigation. The mean seasonal consumptive use of applied water totals about 124,000 acre-feet, or less than one per cent of the sur- face water resources of the region. More than 80 iier cent of the consumption of applied water occurs in tlie northern half of the region. 10. Under conditions of ultimate development the mean seasonal consumptive use of applied water for all purposes in the Mother Lode Region should be nearly 1,180,000 acre-feet, more than 90 per cent of which should be for irrigation. The quantity is more than nine times the present use, and is equivalent to about seven per cent of the surface water sujiplics of the region. 11. Under conditions of ultimate development the seasonal application of water in the agricultural zone of the Mother Lode Region should average nearly 2,100,000 acre-feet, more than 90 per cent of which should be for irrigation. A substantial portion of the applied water that is not consumptively used will re- turn to streams of the Mother Lode Region and be available for re-use. 12. Under conditions of ultimate development the mean seasonal water requirement in the agricultural zone of the Mother Lode Region, measured in terms of consumptive use of applied water plus irrecovei-- able losses, .should be about 1,540,000 acre-feet. 13. Taken as a whole, the water resources of the Mother Lode Region far exceed its probable ultinmte water requirements. 14. The plans for development described herein to supply water for the agricultural zone in the IMother Lode Region include consideration of the construction of 46 proposed dams and reservoirs and 21 power houses, and the enlargement of 12 existing reservoirs and 8 power plants. Reservoir storage capacity in the region would be increased by 3,500,000 acre-feet, and the installed hydroelectric power capacity by 680,000 kilowatts. Total increase in hydroelectric energy pro- (91) 92 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS diiction in the rpp'ion would amount to about 2,900,- 000,000 kilowatt-hours seasonally. The total safe sea- sonal yield would be about 3,360,000 acre-feet, to meet the total idtimate mean seasonal water requirement of the agricultural zone in the region of 1,540,000 acre- feet. 15. The Deer Creek, Chico, Mapalia, and Big- Bend Service Areas, with an estimated idtimate mean sea- sonal water requirement of 47.500 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve the construction of dams and reservoirs on Butte and Little Butte Creeks, and utilization and enlargement of certain existing works in and ad.iacent to the areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under the plan would be about 105,000 acre-feet. 16. The Buckeye Service Area, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water requirement of 8,000 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve the con- struction of a dam and reservoir on the upper reaches of the Little North Fork of the Feather River, diver- sion of tlie conserved water through a tunnel to Pea- vine Creek, rediversion of the flows from Peavine Creek, and their conveyance by canal to areas of \ise. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 10,000 acre-feet. 17. The Bidwell Service Area, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water requirement of 6,900 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve the con- struction of a dam and reservoir on upper Fall River, and conveyance of the conserved water to areas of iise in the service area. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 8,500 acre-feet. 18. The Wyandotte, Challenge, Strawberry, and Browns Valley Service Areas, with an estimated ulti- mate mean seasonal water requirement of 146,600 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan for multipurpose development of the South Fork of the Feather River and adjacent streams, and conveyance of the conserved water to areas of use in the respective service areas. The esti- mated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 185,000 acre-feet. The installed hydroelectric power capacity would total about 98,500 kilowatts, and it is estimated that the power plants would pro- duce about 327,000,000 kilowatt-hours seasonally. 19. The Tyler and Grass Valley Service Areas, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water re- quirement of 96,900 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve conservation of the waters of the South Fork of the Yuba River and Deer Creek, and conveyance of the conserved waters to areas of use in the respec- tive service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan wfiuld be about 225,000 acre-feet. The installed hydroelectric power capacity would total about 64,300 kilowatts, and it is estimated that the power plant would produce about 237,000,000 kilo- watt-hours of electric energy seasonally. 20. The Smartville Service Area, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water reciuirement of 11,70(1 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involved the di- version and conveyance of water from the Yuba River to tlie service area. The safe seasonal yield under this plan woidd be about 300,000 acre-feet. 21. The Spaulding Service Area, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water requirement of 4,800 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve the con- ' veyance of water from the afterbay of the Deer Creek Power Plant to the service area. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 4,800 acre-feet. 22. The Doty, Colfax, and Loomis Service Areas, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water re- quirement of 200,800 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve developments on the Yuba, Bear, and Amer- ican Rivers, and convej'ance of the waters to the re- spective service areas. The safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 1,200,000 acre-feet. The in- crease in installed hydroelectric power capacity would be about 244,000 kilowatts, and about 765,000,000 kilo- watt-hours of new electric energy would be produced seasonally. 23. The Foresthill Service Area, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water requirement of 24,000 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve develop- ment of the waters of minor streams lying between the North and Middle Forks of the American River, and convej-ance of the waters to areas of use in the service area. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan woidd be about 24,700 acre-feet. 24. The Georgetown Service Area, with an esti- mated ultimate mean seasonal water requirement of 27,400 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve con- struction of a dam and reservoir on Pilot Creek, and augmentation of the conserved water by diversions from Gerle Creek, South Fork of the Rubicon River, and Onion Creek. Existing conduits would be im- proved and enlarged to convey the water to the serv- ice area. The estimated safe seasonal yickl under this plan would be about 38,600 acre-feet. 25. The Car.son, Latrobe, and Placerville Service Areas, with an estimated iiltimate mean seasonal water requirement of 182,700 acre-feet, could be sup- plied with water to meet this requirement by a plan for multipurpose development of the upper reaches of the South Fork of the American River, and Web- ber, Sly Park, and Deer Creeks. The waters would be SUMMARY OP CONCLUSIONS, AND liECOMMENDATIOXS 93 conveyed to areas of use in the respective service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 30."), ()()() aere-feet. The installed hydroelectric power capacity of the power plants proposed would total about 206,000 kilowatts, and it is estimated tliat the plants would produce about 850,- 000,000 kilowatt-liours of electric eneriiy seasonally. 26. The Youno's Service Area, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water re(iuirement of 12,500 aere-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve develop- ment of the waters of the North Fork of the Cosumnes River and certain of its tributaries, and conveyance of these waters to areas of iise in the service area. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 19,600 acre-feet. 27. The Aukum and Volcano Service Areas, with an estimated ultinuite mean seasonal water require- ment of 35,900 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would in- volve the development of the waters of the Middle and South Forks of the Cosumnes River, and their conveyance to areas of use in the respective service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 42,700 acre-feet. 28. The Plymouth Service Area, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water requirement of 20,000 acre-feet, could be supplied water to meet this re- quirement by a plan which would involve the devel- opment of waters of the Middle and South Forks of the Cosumnes River, and their conveyance to areas of use through new and existing facilities. The esti- mated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 25,000 acre-feet. 29. The Laguna and lone Service Areas, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water requirement of 171,100 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve development of waters of the Cosumnes River, water from the proposed Folsom South Canal, hydroelectric power facilities, and conveyance of the waters to areas of use in the respective service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 177,000 acre-feet. The installed capacity of the pro- po.sed power plant would be about 10,000 kilowatts, and the plant would produce about 40,000,000 kilo- watt-hours of electric energy seasonally. 30. The Jackson Service Area, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water requirement of 22,400 aere-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve develop- ment of the waters of Sutter Creek, utilization of ex- isting facilities, and conveyance of the waters to areas of use in the sei'vice area. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 23,000 acre-feet. 31. The Arroyo Seco Service Area, with an esti- mated ultimate mean seasonal water requirement of 35,000 aei'e-fect, could be supjilied with water to meet this rc((uirement by a |)lan which would involve de- velopment of the waters of Dry Creek, augmented with water from the proposed Polsom South C'anal, and conveyance of the waters to the service area. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 35,000 aere-feet. ' 32. The West Point Service Area, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water re(|uirenient of 6,000 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which woixld involve develop- ment of the waters of Forest Creek and the Middle Fork of the Mokelumne River, and conveyance of the waters to areas of use in the service area. The esti- mated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 11,500 aere-feet. 33. The Mokelumne and Calaveras Service Areas, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water re- quirement of 61,500 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve development of the waters of the Mid- dle and South Poi-ks of the Mokelumne River, the North Fork of the Calaveras River, the North Fork of the Stanislaus River, hydroelectric power facilities, and conveyance of the waters to irrigable lands in the respective service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 131,000 acre- feet, of which 62,000 acre-feet would be utilized in the Mokelumne and Calaveras Service Areas. The in- stalled power capacity of the proposed power plants would total about 29,000 kilowatts, and it is estimated that the plants would produce about 163,000,000 kilowatt-hours seasonally. 34. The Bear Creek and Hogan Service Areas, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water require- ment of 123,200 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve development of the waters of the Calaveras River, the North Fork of the Stanislaus River, import from the American River via the Folsom South Canal, and conveyance of the waters to irrigable lands in the respective service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 124,000 acre- feet. 35. The Stanislaus, Rock Creek, aiul Bear Moun- tain Service Areas, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water requirement of 75,900 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan which would involve development of the waters of the North Fork of the Stanislaus River, San Domingo and Angels Creeks, hydroelectric power fa- cilities described in connection with plans for the IMokelumne and Calaveras Service Areas, and con- veyance of the waters to irrigable lands in the re- spective service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 95,000 acre-feet. The installed power capacity of the proposed hydro- 94 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS electric power plants would be 12,000 kilowatts, and it is estimated that they would produce about 84,000,- 000 kilowatt-hours seasonally. These totals are in- cluded ill the total power capacity and energy outjiut mentioned previously under the Calaveras and Moke- lumne Service Areas. 36. The Lyons, Phoeiii.x, and Keystone Service Areas, witli an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water re(iuiremeut of 7:1,900 acre-feet, could be sup- plied with water to meet this i'e<|uirement by a plan whicli would involve develojiment of the waters of tlie South Fork of the Stanislaus River, the Nortli Fork of tlie Tuolumne River, upper Clavey, Lily, and Sulli- van Creeks, hydroelectric power facilities, and con- veyance of the waters to iri-is'able lands in tlie re- sjiective service areas. Tlie estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 120,000 acre- feet. Tlie installed power capacity of the proposed hydroelectric power plant would be aboixt 20,000 kilo- watts, and it is estimated that the plant woukl pro- duce about 94,000,000 kilowatt-hours seasonally. ;17. The Blanchard, Groveland, Hardin, and Baxter Service Areas, with an estimated ultimate mean sea- sonal water rerpiirement of 57,S00 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requirement by a plan whicli would involve development of the waters of the Jlidelle and South Forks of the Tuolumne River, and conveyance of the waters to irrigable lands in the respective service areas. The estimated safe sea- sonal yield under this plan would be about 58,000 acre-feet. 38. Tlie Ilornitos, Mariposa, "White Rock, and Chowchilla Service Areas, with an estimated ultimate mean seasonal water requirement of 80,600 acre-feet, could be supplied with water to meet this requireiiieiit by a plan which would involve development of the waters of the South Fork of the Merced River, tribu- taries of the West Fork of the Chowchilla River and of Mariposa and Bear Creeks, hydroelectric power fa- cilities, and conveyance of the waters to irritable lands in the respective service areas. The estimated safe seasonal yield under this plan would be about 100,000 acre-feet. The total installed hydroelectric power cajiacity would be 12,000 kilowatts, and it is estimated that the energy generated would be about 53,000,000 kilowatt-hours seasonally. RECOMMENDATIONS It is reeommendeil that : 1. In areas where they do not now exist, public dis- tricts endowed with appropriate powers be created for the purposes of proceeding with further study of local water problems, and with the financing, construction, and ojieration of ]irojccts considered necessary and financially sound. 2. Continued support be given to the investigation and development of The California Water Plan, from which the Jlother Lode Region can derive direct bene- fits. 3. Local development of water resources be accom- plished in accordance with The California Water Plan. DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS PLATE I LOCATION OF THE MOTHER LODE REGION 1954 SCALE OF MILES X_ E o in o iEASON ENDING JUNE 30 URE FROM MEAN SEASONAL ONORA AND NEVADA CITY PLATE 5 lO (M a» o o o iEASON ENDING JUNE 30 URE FROM MEAN SEASONAL ONORA AND NEVADA CITY z UJ O tr 3 I- < a. UJ Q < -J D O O < 150 A /I A / «v \ 100 'V \\ ,'V \ / • \ \ \ \ ^SONC )RA 50 / \ 1 1 \ \ 'T i i\ 1 1 \ / ^\ Av' ■\ 1 ^^ 1 I \ \ yv ^ ( / \ \ / I ■'\ \ / \ /\ \ / \'- V ' ^ -NEV/ ,DA C TY V \\ \ hi '1 1 \ / r ,/^' \ V 1 \ -50 \ \ « ( w \ I I' V \ 'ii ll/l i '1' / / / 1 y ^A / 1 100 \\ 1 1 \\ 1^ 1 \l 1 \» ,/ 1 sn V o in o o 0) O) o ■n o lO o lO o ■n — o> (\i (\J to to 't * o> o> at 0) 0) <3) (J) PRECIPITATION SEASON ENDING JUNE 30 ACCUMULATED DEPARTURE FROM MEAN SEASONAL PRECIPITATION AT SONORA AND NEVADA CITY DIVIStON OF WATER RESOURCES PLATE 6 .KENNEDY MINE I I •SONORA Z (D 5 < uj < -) li- 5 ON OF MEAN SEASONAL SELECTED STATIONS PLATE 6 ON OF MEAN SEASONAL SELECTED STATIONS 30 < Z o < u z < LjJ 5 25 H 20 Z 111 o cr LJ CL z 15 Z o I- < u UJ IT > _l I H Z O z < ui 10 ^'^"x^ spx ^^ ^KENNEDY MINE 1 1 NEVADA CITY— :V/ ,^,^-SONORA /. /f' V r // ^ .V y \ y \ \ / \ / \ \ / v /\ r v^ ^ >^ >- < u o > o z z < ID OC lij < u- 5 a. Q. < < 5 Z D -J _l D MONTHLY DISTRIBUTION OF MEAN SEASONAL PRECIPITATION AT SELECTED STATIONS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES ^5^ PLATE 8 / NATURAL RUNOFF OF STANISLAUS RIVER \ NEAR KNIGHTS FERRY \ OF SNOWSHED STORAGE : OF MONTHLY RUNOFF PLATE 8 / NATURAL RUNOFF OF STANISLAUS RIVER \ NEAR KNIGHTS FERRY \ OF SNOWSHED STORAGE : OF MONTHLY RUNOFF 30 NATURAL RUNOFF OF NATURAL RUNOFF OF CALAVERAS RIVER / \ ^ STANISLAUS RIVER AT JENNY LIND \ / \ / \ NEAR KNIGHTS FERRY 1/5 o 25 / \ / \ Y / ^ / / \ 1- / / \ -J / / \ < / / z / \ o / / \ lO 20 / - < / 1 \ UJ \ / \ to o PRECIPITATION / AT SONORA / / ^ \ \ (0 UJ O < Z UJ 15 Vj / [ \ 1 / / A \ \ o tr UJ / / / \ \ \ > -I I 10 1 / / \ \ \ / / / \ \ \ 1- Z o 2 / 1 / / 1 \ A \ \ Z < UJ 5 / / / / \\ \ \ 5 /— / — i / / / \ \ / / \ \ X^'' \ \ ^ 'x-' \ V. \ \ • -^ ^~ H>oz(OCCa:>uj>oi- OOUJ in TYPICAL EFFECT OF SNOWSHED STORAGE ON OCCURRENCE OF MONTHLY RUNOFF DIVISION OF W ITER F ESOUF CES PLATE 9 l-FEATHER, YUBA. AND AMERICAN RIVERS, COMBINED I ^MOKELUMNE, STANISLAUS, TUOLUMNE AND MERCED RIVERS. COMBINED o lO o in o >n (M (M fO n < ■>t o> Oi a> cr> O) 0) o If) ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 RE FROM MEAN SEASONAL MAJOR STREAM GROUPS PLATE 9 rFEATHER, YUBA, AND AMERICAN RIVERS, COMBINED /\ MOKELUMNE, STANISLAUS, TUOLUMNE AND MERCED RIVERS, COMBINED ENDING SEPTEMBER 30 RE FROM MEAN SEASONAL MAJOR STREAM GROUPS 500 400 I- z Ld cc LJ 300 CL CE I- tr < CL a Q Ld D O O < 200 100 -100 A /\ \ ! -v^ FEATHER, YUBA, AND AMERICAN RIVERS, COMBINED -4- V l-MOKELUMNE, STANISLAUS, TUOLUMNE AND MERCED RIVERS, COMBINED m o lO 0) o o (0 0) 0) o m o iT) o If) o fVl (\j fO n ■o- ^t- J1 0) 0) NS FROM THE MOTHER LODE ENCIES OUTSIDE THE REGION PLATE II MERCED RIVER TUOLUMNE RIVER STANISLAUS RIVER LUMNE VER )NS FROM THE MOTHER LODE ENCIES OUTSIDE THE REGION PLATE II u. o z a. < D < Z u. O z UJ o a: UJ 0. z z o q: UJ > o a: o 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 MERCED RIVER TUOLUMNE RIVER STANISLAUS RIVER MOKELUMNE RIVER FEATHER RIVER YUBA RIVER i AMERICAN RIVER COMPARISON OF 1951 DIVERSIONS FROM THE MOTHER LODE BY MAJOR WATER SERVICE AGENCIES OUTSIDE THE REGION DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES PLATE 12 GABLE AREA ^RMED CROPS TOTAL CULTIVATED AREA ALL OTHERS' ALL CULTIVATED CROPS S IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE &50 PLATE 12 GABLE AREA ^RMED CROPS TOTAL CULTIVATED AREA ALL OTHERS' ALL CULTIVATED CROPS S IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE &50 TOTAL AREA OF THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE GROSS IRRIGABLE AREA ALL OTHERS ALL OTHERS ALL IRRIGATED CROPS ALL DRY-FARMED CROPS TOTAL CULTIVATED AREA ALL OTHERS ALL CULTIVATED CROPS PRESENT USE OF IRRIGABLE LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES PLATE 13 LEGEND WATER SERVICE AREAS / / I DEER CREEK 2 CHICO 3 MAGALIA 4 BIG BEND 5 BUCKEYE 6 BIDWELL 7 WYANDOTTE 8 CHALLENGE 9 STRAWBERRY 10 BROWNS VALLEY 11 TYLER 12 SMARTVILLE 13 GRASS VALLEY 14 SPAULDING 15 DOTY 16 COLFAX 17 FORESTHILL 18 LOOMIS 19 GEORGETOWN 20 CARSON 2! LATROBE 22 PLACERVILLE 23 YOUNGS 24 AUKUM 25 LAGUNA ta^ BOUNDARY OF 26 lONE 27 PLYMOUTH 28 JACKSON 29 VOLCANO 30 WEST POINT 31 ARROYO SECO 32 BEAR CREEK 33 HOGAN 34 MOKELUMNE 35 CALAVERAS 36 STANISLAUS 37 LYONS 38 ROCK CREEK 39 BEAR MOUNTAIN 40 PHOENIX 41 KEYSTONE 42 BLANCHARD 43 GROVELAND 44 HARDIN 45 BAXTER 46 HORNITOS 47 MARIPOSA 48 WHITE ROCK 49 CHOWCHILLA INVESTIGATED AREA WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES EASTERN BOUNDARY OF AGRICULTURAL ZONE AND WESTERN BOUNDARY OF NATIONAL FOREST ZONE IRRIGABLE LANDS IRRIGATED LANDS ^H URBAN (a) LOCATION OF PLOT STUDIES STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS < A- IRRIGATED AND IRRIGABLE LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 PLATE 13 LEGEND WATER SERVICE AREAS | 1 3EER CREEK 26 lONE 2 CHICO 27 PLYMOUTH 3 VIAGALIA 28 JACKSON 4 310 BEND 29 VOLCANO 55>^ 5 3UCKEYE 30 WEST POINT ^^>^ 6 3IDWELL 31 ARROYO SECO ^^ 7 WYANDOTTE 32 BEAR CREEK 8 CHALLENGE 33 HOGAN 9 STRAWBERRY 34 MOKELUMNE 10 3R0WNS VALLEY 35 CALAVERAS II TYLER 36 STANISLAUS 12 3MARTVILLE 37 LYONS 13 3RASS VALLEY 38 ROCK CREEK -jk 14 3PAULDING 39 BEAR MOUNTAIN / 15 30TY 40 PHOENIX / 16 :OLFAX 41 KEYSTONE / 17 "ORESTHILL 42 BLANCHARD 1 18 -OOMIS 43 GROVELAND 19 GEORGETOWN 44 HARDIN / ^ 20 :arson 46 BAXTER / 21 -ATROBE 46 HORNITOS 22 ^LACERVILLE 47 MARIPOSA 23 I'OUNGS 48 WHITE ROCK 24 (VUKUM 49 CHOWCHILLA ^ 25 -AGUNA ^^^ BOUNDARY OF INVESTIGATED AREA ■ WATER SERVICE AREA ROUNDARIFS / ^- • EASTERN BOUNDARY OF AGRICULTURAL ZONE AND / V / > / \ t: WESTERN BOU NDARY OF NATIONAL FOREST ZONE LE LANDS ED LANDS IRRIGAB IRRIGAT URBAN / / / \ (a) LOCATION OF PLOT STUDIES 1 l''^' - ' 7 ^~ / / -A / / / / ?>- v' / '-- STATE OF CALIFORNIA ~~- DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES | SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS / 1 RRIGATED AND IRRIGABLE LANDS IN THE ^ AGRICULTURAL ZONE | V 1948-1950 "V- icai.e or ut^cs / \ ' • 6 ■? ^6/ ;'*^-' // rJ'/>^^' LEGEND WATER SERVICE AREAS DEER CBEEK 26 (ONE CHico ^^ PLYMOUTH MACALIA 26 JACKSON 8IC SEND 29 VOLCANO BUCKETE JO WEST POINT ^> ^ BiDWEUL 3i aRROtO SECO WTANOOTTE 32 BEAR CREEK CHALLENGE 33 hOGAN STRAWBERRY 34 mOkElumnE enovwNS VALLEY 35 CALAVERAS TYLER 36 STANISLAUS SMABTVILLE 37 LYONS CPflSS VALLEY 38 BOCK CREEK SPAULDINC 39 BEAR MOUNTAIN DOTY 40 PHOENIX COLFAX J, KE, STONE FOaESTMILL 42 eLANCMAHD LOOMIS A3 CROVELANO GEORGETOWN 4d haRDiN CARSON 45BailTER LATROSE 46 HOPNITOS 22 PLACERV1LLE 47 MiRIPOSA ;: YOUNGS 48 WHITE ROCK AUKUM 49 CHOWCMILLA 2; LACUNA ^^ BOUNDARY OF INVESTIGATED AREA | ^— — WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES ^, r EASTERN BOUNDARY OF AGRICULTURAL ZONE AND WESTERN BOUNDARY OF NATIONAL FOSEST ZONE 1 IRRIGABLE LANDS \ Hm IRRIGATED LANDS ^ URBAN @ LOCATION OF PLOT STUOIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS RRIGATED AND IRRIGABLE LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 rrv PLATE II LEGEND WATER SERVICE AREAS ^-. J. /•■ 1 DEER CREEK 26 lONE 2 CHICO 27 PLYMOUTH 3 MAGALIA 28 JACKSON 4 BIG BEND 29 VOLCANO 5 BUCKEYE 30 WEST POINT 6 BIDWELL 31 ARROYO SECO 7 WYANDOTTE 32 BEAR CREEK 8 CHALLENGE 33 HOGAN 9 STRAWBERRY 34 MOKELUMNE 10 BROWNS VALLEY 35 CALAVERAS II TYLER 36 STANISLAUS 12 SMARTVILLE 37 LYONS 13 GRASS VALLEY 36 ROCK CREEK 14 SPAULDING 39 BEAR MOUNTAIN 15 DOTY 40 PHOENIX 16 COLFAX 41 KEYSTONE 17 FORESTHILL 42 BLANCHARD 16 LOOMIS 43 GROVELAND 19 GEORGETOWN 44 HARDIN 20 CARSON 45 BAXTER 21 LATROBE 46 HORNITOS 22 PLACERVILLE 47 MARIPOSA 23 YOUNGS 46 WHITE ROCK 24 AUKUM 49 CHOWCHILLA 25 LAGUNA ^ta^ BOUNDARY OF INVESTIGATED AREA EASTERN BOUNDARY OF AGRICULTURAL ZONE AND WESTERN BOUNDARY OF NATIONAL FOREST ZONE V STATE OF CALIFORM* DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 INDEX TO SHEETS PLATE 14 LEGEND WATER SERVICE AREAS 1 DEER CREEK 2 CHICO 3 MAGALIA 4 BIG BEND 5 BUCKEYE 6 BIDWELL 7 WYANDOTTE 8 CHALLENGE 9 STRAWBERRY l^~ 10 BROWNS VALLEY 11 TYLER 12 SMARTVILLE 13 GRASS VALLEY 14 SPAULDING 15 DOTY 16 COLFAX 17 FORESTHILL 16 LOOMIS 19 GEORGETOWN / 20 CARSON ^ 21 LATROBE J. 22 PLACERVILLE /■' 23 YOUNGS 24 AUKUM 25 LAGUNA 26 lONE 27 PLYMOUTH 28 JACKSON 29 VOLCANO 30 WEST POINT 31 ARROYO SECO 32 BEAR CREEK 33 HOGAN 34 MOKELUMNE 35 CALAVERAS 36 STANISLAUS 37 LYONS 36 ROCK CREEK 39 BEAR MOUNTAIN 40 PHOENIX 4! KEYSTONE 42 BLANCHARD 43 GROVELANO 44 HARDIN 45 BAXTER 46 HORNITOS 47 MARIPOSA 46 WHITE ROCK 49 CHOWCHILLA BOUNDARY OF INVESTIGATED AREA WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES EASTERN BOUNDARY OF AGRICULTURAL ZONE AND WESTERN BOUNDARY OF NATIONAL FOREST ZONE STATE or CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 INDEX TO SHEETS SCALE OF MILES .1 < » "^ / Jit /■ LEGEND WATER SERVICE AREAS 1 OEER CREEH 2 CHICO 27 PLYMOUTH 3 MAGALIA 26 JACKSON 4 BIG eeNo 29 VOLCANO 5 BUCKEVE 30 WEST POINT 6 6I0WELL 31 ARROYO SECO 7 WTANDOTTE 32 SEAfi CREEK 8 CHALLENCe 33 KOGAN 9 STRAWBERRY MOKELUMNE 10 BROWNS valle:- 3S CALAVERAS 11 TYLER 36 STANISLAUS 12 5MARTVILLE 37 LYONS 13 GRASS VALLEY ROCK CHEEK 14 SPAULDING 39 SEAR MOUNTAIN IS DOTY 4C PHOENIX 16 COLFAX KEYSTONE 17 FOHESTHILL 42 BLANC HARD 16 LOOMIS a: GROVELANO 19 GEORGETOWN HARDIN 20 CARSON 45 BAXTER 21 LATROBE 46 HORNITOS 22 PLACERVILLE 41 MARIPOSA 23 YOUNGS 46 WHITE ROCK 49 CHOWCHILLA 2S LACUNA " BOUNDARY or INVESTIGATED AREA - WATER service AREA BOUNDARIES EASTERN BOUNDARY OF AGRICULTURAL ZONE AND WESTERN aOUNDAHY OF NATIONAL FOREST ZONE SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 rr\ \y ■-^- H--^ LEGEND CLASS 3 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4 -3 CLASS 6 CLASS 1 comprises lands thai are highly desirable in every respect for con- tinuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops- The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly fine texture, and good water-holding capacity- The stnictnre is ancb as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapt«d medium deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage. They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation, CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics, They are snit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions, The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories. Class 4-2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st. These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applving water and mamlaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops Jn coarse textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1 2 or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however. irrigation on the sleep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system insUUations. On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated CLASS 5-P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all resnects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricU their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to Iheir shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding claases. CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsnitable for un- gation. — ^^^^— WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONt 1948-1950 SHEET I OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF MILES . I O I T 2 --I-- -V LEGEND CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 6 CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- tinuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly fine texture, and good water holding capacity. The structure is such as to permit easy penetration of roots, air. and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapUd medium deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage, Tbey are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories. Class 4-2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st. These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with sm.iU heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse-textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requiremenU of Classes 1 2 or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 42 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography. This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations. On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated. CLASS 5 P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all resnects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to tbeir shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes, CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuiUble for irn- gation. -^^^^^ WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE I94e-1950 SHEET I OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF MILES . O . T J LEGEND CLASS 2 H CLASS 3 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 1 compruu Unds thit ut hitbljr deiinibic m trtij tttftct for con- tiDQDiu irn^Kd ftgncDltDTe ud capable of prCMlQcmf ill clmutic^v idiptf d crop*. Tbt 101 Ii ue de«p with good inrficc ind lobioil druiuec, of mediiui) to fhiily &Dt teilnrc, tnd good wttcr taolding cspuily The itmctirc u nch u to permit tAty pcnetnilioD of rooli, nir, and wtttr. lod the limils tie ■moolh Ijing wilb gentle ilop* GLASS 2 compnin lands that art giDtraUj Umittd to clmutically adsptfd mcdiODi-dcep rooted tropi doe to the rcstnclivc ftatora of the ui] depth tod 10 n auaar eiwnl on lopognphy or dniiuge Tfacy ut sell loittd for dtvtlop- mcDI auder irngtlion ■peci&l inigalioi united to dunaticolly idapttd lien CIO IS tbe >oiI dcptb. moli- cbanclerutia Thcf ue luit- ir iballaw aalart miy reqnuc CLASS 1-3 compntei tuodl wbicb fill lo met I the itai Itnd tUua. Hpeciillj- inlb regird lo topographic after the claas QoiTiber tndjcatei the factor whicb remDi of land from the Clan 1 ot J cilrgonei rds for Ibt pneeding idiUODi The (TTDbol the particnlar paretl d coigbl btve all the cbaracterutici of Ctau 1 land except that of topograph)', or the limittng factor migbl b* loil depth ai well su lopogniphy u indicated by the lellert "jL" Thae lands are mi table throogb special imgation praclic«i for tbe prodnetiOB of certain crops, not preclnded by climalie conditions Owing to their more rollini; topography, they are more tnseeptible to erosion, and greater care [n Oil be taken in applying water and maiEtaining co»cr crops when the lands mgaled with trnal! heads of water, inch as orchard* vineyardi, o rooted gr^us crops. CLASS t-3 CO e deeper soils n I prohil prues tandA which woald fa .. _. .. y on accoont of topognphi the itandaidj of aaas 4 3 lands on aecoan sleeper totjography Tbi» clan is tollable lor me proflnction c rooWd orchard! it almondt aod olivo and for pennanenl pas irrigation on Ibt il«p slopes woold reqoire great ikiU and ca; eipensive ipnnkler tytlem installation! On the deeper phaii where the onlv liiuitatiOD u ' ' ' be cultivaWd r shallow) (tallationi On " , ope of nndulalioo deeper rooted orchaidi may CLASS 5-P comprites l»ndi which are eeninllj desirable in all rtipecls oil than depth of loil. which ireatly reitncis their adaptability for cropt otl than permanent pasture However owing to their shallow deplhi. tbtst Ui wOQld require more fteqnenl irrigatiooi than preceding daiaea GLASS 8 compraes land which faili to meet the miDimam r^uirementa Ihs preceding claasaa. Laod* of this olau an coosldired nniuitable for u gallon. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SUHVEV OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET I OF 27 SHEETS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES >^ r li II- - LEGEND W^ CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5- P CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable id every respect for coe- tinuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly tine texture, and good water-holding capacity The structure is such as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive featores of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage. They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallowrooled crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4 2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions- The symbol after the class number'mdicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories. Class 4 2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st " These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing tfl their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken m applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation. Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse- textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper sods may prohibit the prodoction of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4 3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Aho, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography. This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however. irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper root«d orchards may be cultivated. CLASS 5-P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all respects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes, CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuiUble for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1940-1950 SHEET 2 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF MILES ^t- LEGEND CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5 - P CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable id every respect for con- tinuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly tine texture, and good water-holding capacity. The structure is such as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive featores of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage. Tbey are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation, CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture.holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number'indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories. Class 4-2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be Uken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation. Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma nent pasture crops. In coarse textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the prodaction of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as sleeper topography. This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the sleep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooUd orchards may be cultivated, CLASS 5.P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all respects other than depth of soil, which trreatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimnm requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 SHEET 2 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OP MILES ^fc. \ BUTT^ _ , COUNT Y ) ,' tl tlnooui UTifiiled - ■■ - cropi Tht loili 1 to U\ily nnc Uilure. ind good ' tmoolb lyliiB "'Ih gonlle ilopt CLASS 3 cgmpfuw lindi Ibut «r( generally liniiUd !■ « bigblf dfiirable In evgry reipoct For COD' »bU of producing nil " "" "" "" lurfic* 4nd lubuU i ir boldlng cipicitf 1 MctWj uUpUd CLASS 3 iblllDU Mpograpliy or dtsiniie They »r« well tuiwd 1 Unda Ihnl •'■ grnerilly limtltd to cllnitUulljr idapUd It (Ol) dtplh, D holding capicily, lopographr. ot < HDie lof devclopitiflnt under imgmllon. uui »Htu aMai-v- ^-.^^ —-^ .-^,_- ipc«inl imgation ptscllCH. CLASS 4 I compf iiM l.od. which I.ll lo meM Ihe lUndirdi ror Iho ptiMdlng t»nd tUuitJ. eipoeHlly with f«g«rd lo lopograpbit (ondlllom Th« ijrmbol tlUi th< el«i niiinb«t inditMH Ibe Isctor which removM the putlcuUr pucci of l»nd from the Cl"» 1 of 3 tJUgoflH Clui fit l»nd might h»v* ill tbo chamclertitic) of Olui I Und ciccpl IhnI uf topography, or the llmlling tutor might ho lOll dflplh lU "ell u topogriphir u inditaWd by Uio loltert "it" Theit lindj Bfc eutlable through ipeelil ifflgillon pinctlctt tot Ibe prodncllon Of cMUln crop., not precluded by elim»lic condltlotu Owing to Oielr mor« rolling topography, th.y .r. mor- luiceptibU lo .roilKB. .nd gr^U' "« muil b« When in applying woUr and rosmlainlng tover eiopi when the iindi jktc under onltlvntton Thui. theio lindi ure betl lulWd for oropt which esn b. ungmted with .mil b.«d. of w»l.r. ■uch u orchard. * In. y.rdJ. or p.nn«- n>nl putnrc crop. In coirt. Mitur.d grannie >oil< rmpid pueoUllon from the root ion. in the de.ptr lOlU roiy prohibit Ih. prodoollon at ..17 .h»Uow- CLA88 4 3 comprliei land, which would fall lo m«l the reflulromBnU of Olauo. 1 a or 3 mainly on icconnt o( WpogrnphiC condllioni AUo, lh»y fall to metl tht lUndirdi o( Claa. * 3 land, on acioonl of .hUlower .oil deptbi u we I a. .lefpir topography Thu clai. 1. .oiuhl. for the produrllon of inch .baUow roottd orchard. ^ almond, and olive, and for P'™"""". P"""V ,.^^.711 Irniation on Iho .Itcp .lope, would require gr.il .kill and care or ttlullvdy r .y.Wm tn.talUtlon. On Ih. dc.por ph«« of IhU ola» litnllon li tlope of unduUlion dMp*r rooted ortbardi may CLABB B P comprlie» Und» which are generally dnlrabla in all r.iP.cU Other thlnlepth of .ill, whioh ereally rclrlcU ih.lr adaptoblUly or crop, o^.r than pcnnan.nl pulure Howe.cr, owing 10 Iheir .hallow d.pth., Ibu. Undi would require more frequent Irrigation, than preceding elaJ«* OLABS fl eompru*. Und whic tbr preceding claitt. Land. li cla.. are conaldered onfuiuble fi WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEr OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET 2 OF 27 SHEETS LEGEND CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for cob- tinuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climaticaUy adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly fine texture, and good water-holding capacity. The structure is such as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope, CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet tlie standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories Class 4 2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth aa well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken m applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation. Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops, CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1. 2. or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions. Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated. CLASS 5-P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all rcsoects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE I94B-I9£>0 SHEET 3 OF 27 SHEETS LEGEND CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 .^ f CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- tioaous irrigated agricalture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of ntedJnm to fairly fine teztnre. and good water-holding capacity. The stmctore is such as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage They are well snited for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies m the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories. Class 4 2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shaUow- rooted grass crops, CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1, 2. or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4 2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography This class is suitable for the production of snch shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however. irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may he cultivated. CLASS 5-P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all rcsnects other than depth of soil, which ^eatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture. However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered ansnitable for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE I948-I9S0 SHEET 3 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF UiLES ShoetNo4 Sh^cAcS B7E LEGEND CLASS 2 CLASS 4-2 ^1 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 1 campiuei landi Ibit uc highly dcimbk in every raptct for COD- tinaoui irneaied agncnltofi ind cap4bl< of prodacin; ill cbmitioIlT idaplcd cropi Tbt loib att deep wilh good inrfut mi lubioil dmnigt, of mcdnmi la tmrty flne teitnrt, *nd good mlcrbolduig dpicit; The itractorf li tocb u to pd-mit tasy ptDClritiOD of rooU, ai. ud wBter, and Kht luidi ut ■moolh lying wiib gtctle ilopt CtASS 2 compnjti Undt Ibal ue gtatrallr limited to clunitically ulipted medinro deep roaltd cropt, dDC to tht [tilnclive fcaturei of the fOil depth und to a minor cxteot on topography or draiiugt. Tbey ait well tnited [or dcvclop- menl under irrigation. 0LAS8 3 comprlua IsDdi Ibit ue gcDcniUj limited to cUoutieaU)' iidApl4d ■b ill ovf' tooted cropi. due to more cilrcm* defleiandei in the toil depth, moti- tnie-holduig capacity, topography, or dreiiiiige cfaaruleriitio. Tbey art niit- able [or development andci urtgatioD, but tbeir iballow nature ma; nqoln ipecial irtigalian praclicei. CLASS 41 compriiet landi which fail to meel the stududt (or the preuding land cUuu, eipecislly with regard to lopognpbic conditioni The lymbol after the clui nnmbei indicilei the factor vbicb remove) Ibe ptnicular parcel of luid rrom the Olus 1 or 3 eattgonei Clui 4 St land might have all the chnracteniltci of Class 1 land except that of lopognphy. or the limilinj- factor ■sight be >oil depth a> woU aj topography u indicated bv tbe Ittten "it" Tbftc landi are initable throngb ipccial irngation pnclicei for the prodaction of certain cropi, not precluded by climatic conditioni Onng lo their more rolling lopagraphy, they are more loiccptlbte to erosion, and greater care mail bo taken in applying nsler and maintaining cover cropi when the landi are under cullivalion Thai, these lasdi are beil luiled for cropi which can be ungated with imall headi of water, ioeb ai orchirdi, vineyardi, or perma- nent puture crop] In caaneleitared granitic loiU rapid percolation from the root looc m the deeper loili may prohibit the prDdnction of very ihallow- rootvd grau crop)- OLASS tJcompnieitandi which vonld fail to meet the reqnirementi of Clano 1. 2. or S mainly an acconnt o[ topographic conditioni Alu. they fail M meet the ilandaidi of CIos < Z landi on eccoani of ibaltower uil depthi ai well ai ilHper topography Thu claia ii initable for tbe prodaction of inch ihallow roolod orcbardi ss almondi and olive) and for perminenl pajlare, however, irrigation on the (teep slopei wonld require greM ilcill and care or relatively expeniivc apnnkler lystem initalLitionj On the deeper phajM of th'- -'-" indolatioi oDted orchaidi may be cull iv sled. CLASS & P compritu landi which are genenlly desirable in all laottU other than depth of toil, which crcally reitnclJ their adaptabflitT for crop* other than pennanent paiture However, owing to their iballow depthi, Ibcie landi would require more frequent imgalioni than preceding clauei. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET 3 OF 27 SHEETS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES iOk ^71>^ COUNTY^ •^ i /'/? LEGEND CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 6 CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- tinuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subaoil drainage, of medium to fairly fine texture, and good water-holding capacity The structure is such as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that ore generally limited to climatically adapted medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage. They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may reqnire special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories Class 4-2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "at." These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more roliing topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken m applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small head^ of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4 3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Glasses 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography This class is suiuble for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations. On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated. CLASS 5 P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all respects other than depth of soil, which ereally restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS G comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered nnsuiUble for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1946-1950 SHEET 4 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE or Miles rri?^ COUNTY^ ^ 'tf LEGEND n CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- tinuous irrigated agricolture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly fine texture, and good water holding capacity The structure is such as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted medimn-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 composes lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories. Class 4-2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "at." These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by cbmatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care most be taken m applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, \nneyards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root lone in the deeper soils may prohibit the prodoction of very shallow- rooted grass crops, CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography. This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations. On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated. CLASS 5 P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all respects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of tbis class are considered unsuitable for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1946-1950 SHEET 4 or 27 SHEETS SCALC OF MILCS □ CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P Duaui irrigdcd a(Ticn1lar« and capiible ol produfliiiE iJ] climatiulljr uUpUd cropj. The lOili are deep with goat iar[uc and lalnoil dniiiu^i, o[ medinio to fsirlj hue teiture, and good water holding cipicily The ilractare u inch u to permit euy pgnetnlioo oI toote, oir, uid wil«r, and the tundj are imooth IfiDf with Eenlle ilope. CLA83 2 compnui tandi that are gcoersUr limited ts climatically adapted medium 'deep ronUd cropi, doe to the mtncllve [utum of the hU depth aod to a DuitDt eitint on topography or drainage They are well inilcd lor develop- menl under im gall on. CLASS 3 compniei lindi that are geoerally limited to ctunatically adapted (bttUow-rooted tropi, due lo more exHeme defleitnciei in the loil depth, moli- ture boldrng capiciiy, topography, or drainage cbaraclerutica They ore inll- ablE for development under urigatlOD, but their ibaltow natnre may rtqnue ipecial UTiEalion praclicei. CLASS 1-3 tompruei landi wbicb fall to meet the lUndordi tot the preceding land clasie) efpeiially with regard la topographic coDditioni The tyiiibol after the clau nomber indicalet tbc factor which rtmovei the particular parcel of land from the Clan 1 ol 3 caUgonai Olau 4-31 land might hive all the Chirac terijliei ol Cliii 1 land eicepl Ihat of topography, or the limiting tielor migbl be wil depth la well » topography ai indieitnj hy the letlen "it" Theie landi an iniuble through ipecial imgalion practice! tor the production of cerUin cropi. not precluded bj climHic tonditiooj Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more inieeplible lo eroiion, and greaUr core mnit be taken in applying oraier aod miuitiininK cover cropi when Ibe landi are under cultivation Thai. Ibeie land] ore bcil lulled tor cropi which can be imgaled with imall hejdj of water, luch ii orchardi vmeyardi, or penna ntnl pulure cropi- In coarte teilured granitic loili ripld percolation from the root lone in Ihe deeper lOili may prohibit the piodoclion of very iballow- rooted gtau cropi CLASS 4-3 compriieJ landi which would fail to meet Ihe re^oiremenli of Ctauei 1 2 or 3 maintj on account of topographic condUioni Alio, they fail to meet the .landird) of Cliu 4 3 Lmd. on accoani of ihollower .oil deplhi a. *. ai deeper topography Thli claw ii luitable for Ihe production of tuch ihallow rooted orchard, c almood. and olive, and fo. perrnanenl pailore. ho-ever irrigation on the iteep ilopej would r»Upl«b.l1ty lor crop, other than perminonl pojture However, owing lo Iheir ihallow dipthi. IheM landi would require more freqnenl imgalionj than pfoeedtng cLonei. CLASS 6 comprlM* land which faOi to meel the mmlmom r^olrtinmli of the preceding cUuei Lindi of Ihli oUh Ma «in»idir»d DBiniMbla tor iiri- galion WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET 4 OF 27 SHEETS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES ^B&V LEGEND CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- tinuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly fine texture, and good water-holding capacity. The structure is such as to permit easy penetration of root;j, air. and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooled crops, due to more extreme deficit^ncies m the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They arc suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes tht particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories. Class 4 2t land nnchl have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might bo tioil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st " These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation," Thus, these lands are beat suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops In coarse-textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4 3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however. irrigation on the steep slopes would require ere.it skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installitions On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultiviited, CLASS 5 P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all respects other than depth of soil, which ereatly restricts thoir adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owine to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands ol this class are considered unsuituhic for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY or MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 SHEET 5 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE, or MILES LEGEND CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P -oxir*-^^ CLASS 1 comprises lands that arc highly desirable in every respect for con- tinuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climaticany adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly fine texture, und good water holding capacity The structure is such as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited lo climatically adapted medium deep rooted crops, due lo the restrictive features of the soil depth nod to a minor extent on topography or drainage They are wpU suited for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficwncies m the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainape characteristics. They are suit- able for development nnder irrigation, but their shallow nature may require speci.ll irrigation practices, CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes tht particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories Class 4 2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "at" These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic condition.';, Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation Thus, these hinds are beat suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such ay orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops In coarse-textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted gntss crops. CLASS 4 3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soi- depths as well as steeper topography This class is suitable for the produrtion of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds .-^nd olives and for permanent pasture; however. irrigation on the steep slopes would require cre.it skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system insta!l;ition,^ On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of uiiduhition deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated. CLASS 5 P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all resnects other than depth of sod, which ereatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owinc to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes L:ind3 of this class arc considered unsuitable for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY or MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 SHEET 5 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF uilCS LEGEND CLASS 2 ■ CLASS 3 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 1 comprlfta Inniti ttuit ue hiehly d«iintbl« In tvirjr rwpcci toi oon- iiDuDtu itrigaud apimllun ktiA opablt of produdns til climnlleBlly ailtpUd crop; The ulli ire deep wllb good lurfaet and lubiall irtinitt. ot midlnm to (uirly dne icxtuie, itnd good wnterhoidlni cnpnclly The itructure u nch ;o clfiDAtlciJlr idipud u a( til* lail dtptb and wall iDitcd (ar davolop- GLABS 3 compriiH Inndi thil are tcnenlly linilCet mcdiuni d««p rooted crept, dot to the reiinclive futi lo s miDot uteot on Mpography or drainage They nr mtnl uodtr irrif^lKin. CLASS 3 compniei 1.ind» lh»l are (enerolly UmlHd lo chmitmllj' ndapttd thiilTov r<«}icd cropi. doo 10 mon cilreme dtficioiKiei in the toil depth, niaii- loro holdinfi i.ipAtiij- topography, ot drain«f charaelenititt Th»y »re lOil- nblc lot di>vcL»pnicnl under irrigalion. but their ibBllow natars oiBy rtqgira CLASS 4 TIgdtlOD pcacli [ompriiu Ii It Ibo I li fort aCIor Ihe clou RKEibtr i _ _ft topogmphic conditLort Tbf ■3rmboi al*i the fnelor which removu Ibt ptrttCDlai puctl ^ ^ _ r 1 ulctoriei Olmii ill Innd might bsve all lb« charitlerLilio ol Glut I land except IhM ot topagnphy. or th» hmlliin latlor might be >oi1 deplh ai well u topography i> indicnled by the UtUr« ■if Theie Undi are iDllabte IhiODgh tpocial tmg^Uon prsctieei (ot the prodnellon of lerliin eropi not precluded by tlimalit rotidiliotn Owing to their mot* follinc topogrjphy. th.y .re tuore .tueepliWo lo riwioti. »nd grwWr «rt mull b* t»ken in ipplying wnler *Dd mainUinlog cover cropi when the Unili are nnder cullinlion Thai. Ihcie !and» are beil lailed tnr cropi which »0 be tmgited with inuU headt o( water, luth . !»>•»• "'""^ CLASS & F « would ri e mato frcqiicnl irrlgatlotia than prtetding daiiM WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET 5 OF 27 SHEETS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES 1^ LEGEND CLASS I CLASS 2 CLASS 3 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 6 CLASS 1 comprises lands thai arc highly desirable in every respect for con- tinuous irrigated ugriculture and capuble of producing all climatic;illy adapted crops The soils arc deep with good surf.ice iind subsoil dniinnfte, of niedinm to fairly fine texture, and good w:Ucr holding capacity The structure is such as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that arc generally limited to climatically adapted medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage They are well suited for develop- nitnt under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies i« the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainaue characleristics Tbcy arc suit- able fwr development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The sywbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 eategorie' CLiss 4-2t land miirht have all the charactcristtcs of Class I land except that of topography, or the limiting fnctor mieht be soil depth as well as topography ;.>; indicated by the letters "st" These lands are suitable through special irripaliou pradiccs for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions Owing to rheir more rollin? topography, they are niort susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation.' Thu.s, these lands arc best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops, In coarse textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4 3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the reqiiiremcnti of C1a«seft 1. 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions. Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of sliallower soil depths as well as steeper topographv This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture: however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great ikiU .'nd care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rool«d orchards may be cultivated CLASS 5 P comprises lands which are gcnerallv desirable in aP re»ncct» other than depth of soil, which treatlv restricts their adao'.ibility for nops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land which fail* to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this cla» are considered unsuitable for irri- gation. r■«■^ A/o s WATER o."'^.' E AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 19^6-1950 SHEET 6 OF 27 SHEETS ■iCALE OF Miles II. LEGEND i CLASS nHH CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 6 CLASS I comprises lands that arc highly desiruble in rvery respect for con- tinuous irriealcd agriculture and capable of producing all chmaticjily adapted crops The soils are deep with good surfrtce itTid subsoil drainage, of niedinni lo fairly ting texture, and good water holding capacity The struclure is such as to permit easy penetratioii of roots, air. and wiilcr. and the lands are smooth tying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that arc generally limited to cliraaticnlly adapted medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drninagc. They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow rooted crops, due lo more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or dminaee charactenatics They are suit- able lor development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The lyinhol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories Class 4-2t land micht have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as lopographv a.'; indicated by the letters "si " These lands are suitable through special irripation praitices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions Owing to their more rollms- topography, they arc more susceptible to erosion, and greater rare must be t.iken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when Uie lands are under cultivation.' Thus, these lands arc best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or penna- nent pasture crops In coarse-textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4 3 comprises lands which would fail to nipel the requL'-cmcnts of Cl-isses 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions, Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4 2 lands on account of shallower sod depths as well as steeper topography This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for pcnnanent pasture; however. irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill .md care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated CLASS 5-P compri.ies lands which are generallv desirable in aP ronccts other thiin depth of soil, which are.itlv restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pa.nure However owiuc to their shallow depth*, thflse lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding clnsscs, CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this cliwi are considered unsuitable (or irri- gation rei A/o S WATER o."».- £ AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS ,N TME AGRICULTURAL ZONE l9^6->950 SHEET 6 OF Zl SHEETS SC4LC or M,Les ^Ht M>4 W^^0[ CLASS 2 CLASS 4-2 □ CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 1 compritd landi that ut highly deilnblF m cvtry letptcl for can- linuoui iniEiKd Bgnculture And cnpiibia el pcftduring iM climMlully idiplcd crapi. The loili un deep with good turlact and lubioil ilniiiuii«. ot aitdlnm to liirly Une UXIurc, and suad wti lor hold iiifi copncll^ Thr ilracluri! ia luch u 10 peimit *agy pcniintlion ol rooli. Air. ind water, and the landi arc imDolh Ifiog with ctnllt ilape. CLASS 3 eomprltei Itndt Ibit (r« gerenllf llnlled to climatically adapt*d modiuiu-dMp roolcd crept, due to Iht reitrXlivc fomrti of the uil depth and to a TTiiDOr cilinl on tDpogiaphy or dntlJilG' ^*J »* >"" 'Ulltd for devtlop- metll under imgalioD. OLASS 3 ccinipciKi Inndi that arc Rcnerally tlultcd lo cliiuntitaUv adapted iliuUow roolcd oropi, due to mart onlremf i1>nclenclM In Iho loti depth, moil- tnrC'hOldiag cap:icltr, topogniphf. Ot di,iliiiine charnctenillu They arc lutl- able tor dcvelopmeol under iriipllon. but thetr ihiltow nature may rtqnlrt ipeclal imgition ptacllcei. OLASS 41 (ompiiKi land] oihuh fail to nioct the ii»ndo)di for tbe prtctdicic land cluact Hpecially with retard to topoirnphic touditioni. The tyubol ifUr the elan nanaber IDdlcilei ihc faotor whidi ttmovM the parllcuLir parcel ol liind [mm tlm Clmt I or 2 catcRorlti Cbvu 1 3t land iniEhl have all th< ohnmetemiiet of Cluu 1 land e»«epl Ihnl of topoftraphy. or the limiline factor mieht be (Oil depth at well u lopoiniphy ai indiHIed by tbt lotlin "tt" Tbeie landa Are loltable through ip««ial tmgitton pniriccDunl ot ihJlower toil depth* ai wttl at tteeper topogmpby Thii cUu ii luilable [or the ptodottlon of lUch thtllow rooted orehordi ai »lmond< and olivet r"-* '— * - "■ "■ Irrigation on Uio tteep ilopct wonid r»qi OKpenilve iprtnkler iiitem inrtnlli''— - reil ikill >ind ure or relatively „ the deeper pliaiat of thli claia is ilope ot undulation deeper looted orchardi nwy OLASS 5 P compriMi lands whwh ar» eenerally d»i(r»hle jn all reirwiU Ihon depth of lotl. which Er»itlv retlrlrtt I than permaneiit pulure Eo«ei-er, owiuf '~ would require more frequent irrigatlom I QLA88 6 eoniprliBi laud whidi fnili to meet tl idap(4bili indicated by the lellen "it." These liodi in luilable Hitough ipecul imgalioo practice! for the prodnclioo of certain cropi, not pteclndcd by climatic eondilioni Owing to their more roLliDi topography, they are more juieeptible lo erosion and greater care mmt be Ukcn in applying water and mnintaining cover cropi when the Urdi ire nndet cnltivniion Thai. Ibeie land) are beil luited for crops which can be irrigated with imiH beodt of water, fuch in orcbardj vineyards, or permj nent pailuie cropi In cos root ion» m the deeper i rooted gniiicropa CLASS *3 compruei landi which would (ail lo meet the reqnircmenti of CltHi) 1 3 or 3 raalBly on iceoont of topographic eoodilioni Alio, they (ail lo meel the itandardi of Clut 4 3 landt on account of ahallower loil depths oi well ai steeper lopogrnphy This clau « luiuble for the production of such ihiUow rooted onbifdi ai almonds and olivei nnd for pcrmtoent pasture, however, irrigation on the il«p slopes would requite great shiU and care or relatively eipeniive spnnkler lyttem insUllntioM On tbe deeper phases of Ihu class where the only llnilUtion is elope of urdulation deeper rooUd orchards may be cultivated CLASS 5 P comprises lands which are generally deeirahle in all rcioecli other thjin depth at soil, which greatly reilrlcls their adaptabilily for crops other than permanent posture However, owing lo tbeir shallow depths. Iheae lands would require (nore frequent irrigations Ihan preceding cloascs. CLASS fl comprise* land which faitt to meet tbe minimom requirements of Ihc preceding cUdei Lands ot this clus arc conildcred niuaitable fcr iin- galion. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET 7 OF 27 SHEETS IDIVISION Of WATER RESOURCES LEGEND CLASS I CLASS 2 CLASS 4-2 Ci-ASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P LASS 1 comprises bnds that are highly desir.-.ble in evciy respect for con. nuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted ops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium fairly tine texture, and good water holding capacity. The structure is such to permit easy penetration of roots, air. and water, and the lands are looth lying with gentle slope. LASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted edium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and iinoi extent on topography or drainage They are well suited for develop- ent under irrigation. LASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted lallow rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ire-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are soil- )le for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require lecial irrigation practices. LASS 4-2 comprises lards which fail to meet the standards for the preceding nd classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions The symbol ter the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel ' land from the Class 1 or 2 categones Class 4-2t land might have all the laractenstics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor ight be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." hese lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions Owing to their more illing topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care usl be taken m applying water ,ind maintaining cover crops when the lands c under cultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can : irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyard*, or perma- mt pasture crops In coarse textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the lot zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- ot^d grass crops, LASS 4 3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes ". or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet standards of Class 4 2 lands on accmmt of shallower soil depths as well as eeper topography This cla.*s is suitable for the production of such shallow loted orchards as alinonda and oln-es and for permanent pasture; however, rigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively Lpensive sprinkler system installations On the deeper phases of this claw here the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rodted orchards may 1 cultivated. LASS 5 P comprises lands which are eenerallv desirable in all resnects other lan depth of soil, which ereatly restricts their adaptability for crops other inn permanent pa.<:tiire However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands ould require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes LASS 6 comprises land wliich fails to meet the minimum requirements of le preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- ition WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AR CLASSIFICATION OF LAN IN TM£ AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1946-1950 SHEET a OF 27 SHEETS sccle of M lES CLASS 4-2 Class 4-3 CLASS 5-P LASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- is irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted ops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium fairly fine texture, and good water-holding capacity. The structure is such to permit easy penetration of roots, &ir, and water, and the lands are 100th lying with g^entle slope. LASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted ediura-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and minor extent on topography or drainage They are well suited for develop- it under irrigation, LASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted lallowrooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- re-holdine; capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- lie for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require lecial irrigation practices. LASS 4 2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding rd classes e;peciatly with regard to topographic conditions The symbol ter the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel land from the Class 1 or 2 categones. Class 4-2t land might have all the laracleristics of Clrtss 1 land except that of topography, or the limitmg factor ight be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st," hese lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more liling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care ust be taken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands e under cultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can irrigated with small hends of water, such as orchards. vineyard=;. or perma- nl pasture crops In coarse-le^^tured granitic soils rapid percolation from the it zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- icit°d grass crops. LASS 4 3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes ~. or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet standard; of Class 4 2 lands on account of shalljwer soil depths as well as eeper topography This cla-ss is suitable for the production of such shallow loted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, rigalion on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively tpensive sprinkler system installations On the deeper phases of this class the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may ; cultivated, LASS 5 P comprises lands which are generallv desirable in all respects other lan depth of soil, which creatly restricts their adaptability for crops other lan permanent pa.^ture. However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands ould require more frequent irrigations th.m preceding classes LASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of le preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- ition, WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AR CLASSIFICATION OF LAN IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1946-1950 SHEET a OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF M H.ES SAeei A/o a ' Sheei \. .; LEGEND ^1 CLASS I CLASS 2 CLASS 3 CLASS 4-2 Class a -3 CLASS 5-P 3S 1 compruci l.indi thai ait bigbly doinblc in every reapfct for cod 3UI irngnlcd igncullDrc and cipiblc of pioduciDf lU cIiidbIiuII)' adiplcd iirly One Icilurc. and good wnlcr holding capacitf Th« ilructure u tocb permit tisj pfneliation ol rooti. ur, tod watir, and (ti« landi u« ilh Iflni wilh gtnlle ilope CLASS 3 comprise] Inndi generally liniiled to climilically adapted a crcpi. au( lo int reitnclive (ealnm of tbe loil deplh and m lopai^aphy or dioinage Tbcy are well luited lor develop- ment under imgitioi CLASS 3 comprito lands thai ace itntrally limited lo climilically adapted ihal low rooted crop*, doe to mort eilteme denciencici in tbe loil deplh, moi«- lute-holding copaeilv, lopogrtipby. or drsinaee ebnraetenitiei. They arc loit nble (oc dtvtlopmeni ooder irrigation, but thiit itaallow nitnic may require iperiil irngation praelicti. CLASS 4-3 compriiea liindi wbich fail to meet llie ilnndnrdi lot the preceding land cluiei tjpecially witb regard to topajtrnphic condilioni Tbe lymbal &ri«r the clui number inditaln Ihe factor which rcniova ibe particular pucti of Innd from tbe Clmt I of a ealegonei Claji < 2t land niijlht have all the charoclcnilici of Dlnu I land except Ibut of lopoeraphy. or the limitina (aelot nitht be Mil depth » well ii topogrtnhy u indicated by the letten "it" Theie Iflnds are init.iblt through ipeeinl ircigilion pmclicci tot the production Df eeruin eropi. not precluded by cllmatie condlltoni. Owing lo their more rellinE topography, they »re more luiceptible to erOiiOD, and greater care mint be t-iken lO aoplying wiler and mainuining cover cropi wheo ibe Undi arc under onltivali'on, Tbui, thcie landi are beat loited for cropi which can be irrigated with ininll hendt of watcc, luch n> archardi. vineyarcli, ncrt piuture CfOpJ In eoar routed gr.) CLASS 4 3 compniei liindi which would tail to meet Ihe reqairenicnU of Clsuei 1. !. oi 3 mnlnly on iccount of tapognnhic condition! Alio, they fail lo meet the itiindnrdi of Claii »-3 Inndi on nccunnl of »hilliwer lOil depthi ai well ni ■teeper lopogniphy Thii el.m tn tuitnblc tor the piodueiion of loeh ihallow rooted otihirdi m alinoodj and olive* and for peimanenl paituie, however. Itrigllloo on the iteep ilopei woold require grcAl akill uid ore or relatively eapenaive ipnnkler itilem initnlliiliani On the deeper phoiet of thu clau wheic the only llmlliition 11 ilope of iindulitlon deeper rooted orchardi mny would itquln CLASS 6 coo il piwlnre However, owing ti WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SUflVEV OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE isAS'OSO SHEET 8 OF 27 SHEETS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES / ^ r t y^6v J -X No JZ LEGEND CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- tinuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly fine texture, and good water-holding capacity. The structure is such as to permit eiisv penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are amooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture. holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4 2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 calegones. Class 4-2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st " These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining tover crops when the lands are under cultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma nent pasture crops. In coarse textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated, CLASS 5-P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all respects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimnm requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- gation, WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1946-1950 SHEET 9 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF MILES / ^ r "x t /Cr J -\ s No iZ LEGEND CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable Id every respect for con- tinnaus irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops. TTie soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly fine texture, and good water-holding capacity. The structure is such as to permit eiisy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically 3dapt€d medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage They are well stuted for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow -rooted crops, dne to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of lard from the Class I or 2 categories. Class 4-2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st " These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining tover crops when the lands are under cultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as welt as sleeper topography This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture: however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated. CLASS 5-P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all respects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irngatious than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- gation. ^—^—^^ WATEH SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 SHEET 9 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF Miles LEGEND CLASS 2 ■1 CLASS 3 CLASS 4-2 t CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 6 0LA3B 1 compriiei luidi tb»l arc highly dMiraW* in «vory reipMt (or «on- cropi. The loili are deep with good inrfaco nnd rabigJ dnunsge. ot mcJiom to fiiitly Sdd Uilart. .ind good wMtr holding capacitj Ttu ilrDctnn u iDch u lo pcmut tJWy penetration ol roolJ, air, aQd «atef, and the UndJ ife inipoth lying vnth gentle ilope CLABS 3 compruci land) that arc generiiJy hmiled la climatically adapted medium deep rool»d cropi. doe lo the r«tnclive teatom cf lh« uil depth and to a, miror eileni on lopograpby ot drajnage The; are well imted (or devtlop- ment under UrigatloD GLASS 3 comphMi landi that are gEnerallr limlttd to cUmatiu]l:r adapted 1 hallow rooted eropj, dne to more Mlreme defleienelei m the loil depth, oo* Mfeholding capacity, topography, ot dr»inage characttnilici. They an tulU able for development under uTigallon. bot Ihoir ahallow nnluro may rtqolre ■pecial imgatian practieei CLASS 4-3 compruei landa which (all to meet the itandnrdi (or the preceding land tl&iiei, eipMiiUy with regu-d to topogniphlt condition! The lyrnbol liter tha d»u number indleslct the (actor which removei the particular parcel o( land (rom the CUm I or 1 eilegonei Olau *-3t Und might have all the obaraclerutici ol CLm t land eieapt that o( w>pogr»pby, or the liuUling factor nUght be «oil depth a» weU u topography at indicated by the leltin "it Tbcie laodi are inil-iWc through iptclal imgalion practicei for the production of oertaln cropi, not precluded by chmatic eondiliona. Owing to tbetc mora rolling lopographT, they are more tniieplihle to erotion, and grMUr c»re must be token in applpng wiit950 SHEET 10 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF MrLES ^c# DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES □ LEGEND CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4 -3 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET lO OF 27 SHEETS LEGEND CLASS 3 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P :omprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- igated agncullure and capable of producing all climatically adapted soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of tnediom oe texture, and good water-holding capacity. The structure is such lit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are ig with gentle slope. comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted ep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and extent on topography or drainage They are well suited for develop- r irrigation. comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted oted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ig capacity, topography, or drainage characterialics They are suit- evelopment under irrigation, but tlheir shallow nature may require gation practices, ! comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding les, especiallv with regard to topographic conditions The symbol lass number'indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel om the Class 1 or 2 categories Class 4-2t land might have all the sties of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." Is are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more pography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care iken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands cultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can id with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- ire crops. In coarse textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- Si crops. i comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet irds of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as pography. This class is suitable for the production of such shallow ;hards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, on the steep slopes wonld require great skill and care or relatively sprinkler system installations On the deeper phases of this class only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may ted, P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all resnects other -h of soil, which creatlv restricts their adaptabdily for crops other lanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands [uire more frequent irrigations than preceding classes, comprises land which fails to meet the minimnra requirements of ding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE I94a-I950 SHEET II OF 27 SHEETS 5C«Lf OF M'LES O I 2 LEGEND CLASS I CLASS 2 CLASS 3 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P emprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- igated agriculture and capable of prodncmg all climatically adapted soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of mediom jie t«xture, and good water holding capacity The structure is such lit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are Iff with gentle slope. lomprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted ep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and extent on topography or drainage They are well suited for develop- r irrigation. comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted oted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, roois- ig capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics They are suil- evelopment under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require Igation practices. I comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding es. especially with regard to topographic conditions The symbol lass number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel om the Class 1 or 2 categories Class 4-2t land might have all the sties of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st," '"s are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production crops, not precluded by climatic conditions Owing to their more pography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care iken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands cultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can jd with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or penna- ire crops. In coarse textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- ,se crops. J comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet irds of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as pography This class is suitable for the production of such shallow jhards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively sprinkler system installations On the deeper phases of this class ! only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may ted. P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all resnects other ii of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other lanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands luire more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of ding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE l94a-l9S0 SHEET M OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF «n.es LEGEND CLASS I □ □ □ □ CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 1 compniei landj thai are higblf deiirsblc in evcrr lUpect (ar COD- tinaaoj imjiud hti'd'*'*" ""• "P»W« o' prodncing ill clixRltcallj' idapMd cropi- The loUs ue dt«p vnib good lurfict md labioil drsinase, at meditun to (oirly flnt tiiture, and good wiWr holding cop»cily Tht itrnrtnre u inch u to pennil caay ptnelration of rooU. air, ind »»Ut, and the lands ire imaolh Ifing wilh gentle ilopt CLASS 1 tompnsei lands thot in generally limiUd lo elimatically adapWd medium d«p rooted cropi, doe to the reitnctive te&turti o( the eoil depth and lo a minor ttunt on lopography or drainage They in mil initfd [or develop- ment undtr irrigillon CLASS 3 cotnpriiei land» that u* generally lunittd lo eiimalically adapted ihallo* tooted crop*, dne to more eilrtoie deBcienciu in th( mil depth, mou- tnre-holding capacity, topography, oi drainage charaeurulicj They are lait- able for devrlopmenl nnder imgation. bnt their ihaUow oalorc may reqniro Bpecial irrifalion practices. CLASS 4-3 cocoprtiH landi which lail lo mtel the lUndiu-di tor the pt«- /4 R lOE WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET 12 OF 27 SHEETS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES LEGEND CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 imprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for cou- pled agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted oils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of mediam e texture, and good water-holding capacity. The structure is such t easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are [With gentle slope, )mprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted p rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and xlent on topography or drainage. They are well suited for develop- irrigation. )mpriEes lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted ,ed crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ; capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- «lopment under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require ation practices. comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding i. especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol iss number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel m the Class 1 or 2 categories. Class 4-2t land might have all the ics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiling factor )il depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production ;rops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more jgraphy, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care [en in appljnng water and maintaining cover crops when the lands ;ultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can I wnth small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- e crops. In coarse-textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the n the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- s crops. comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes lainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet ds of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as ography This class is suitable for the production of such shallow lards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however,- m the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively sprinkler system installations. On the deeper phases of this class only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may ed. ' comprises lands which are generally desirable in all respects other I of soil, which creally restricts their adaptability for crops other ment pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands lire more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of ing classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE i946-t9S0 SHEET 13 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF MILES i LEGEND CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 mprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- [ated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted ioils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium e texture, and good water-holding capacity. The structure is such t easy penetration of roots, air, and water, aod the lands are [ with gentle slope. )mprises lands that are generally limited lo climatically adapted p rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and xtent on topography or drainage, They are well suited for develop. irrigation. )mprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted ,ed crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ; capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- ^elopment under irrigation, hut their shallow nature may require ation practices, comprises lands which fail lo meet the standards for the preceding especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol tss number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel m the Class 1 or 2 categories. Class 4-2t land might have all the .ics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor )il depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production srops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more agraphy, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care en in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands ultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can I vnth small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- e crops. In coarse-textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the n the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- s crops. comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes lainly on account of topographic conditions. Also, they fail to meet ds of Class 4 2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as ography This class is suitable for the production of such shallow lards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however,- m the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively sprinkler system installations. On the deeper phases of this class only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may :d. comprises lands which are generally desirable in all respects other of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other ment pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands lire more frequent irrigations than preceding classes, comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements ot ing classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1946-1950 SHEET 13 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF MILES Si^,i M /O LEGEND HI '"•" ' CLASS 2 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 1 comptises la tiDuoDi imgaUd Agnc cropi. The loib ire it to raifly fine wiWrt ai 10 perm 1 1 «iuy pe imoalh Iptij wilt gtoi CLASS i compnui ll medium -d«p tooled cf mgnt under imgilion OLA88 3 compruti la ihallow-rooUd cropi, i lure-hQldiog tjpacily, ftble (or d.v(lDpn«nl ipecJal imjilion prac CLASS 6 ds thai a/c hiKhly dciirable in every r^pccl for con- p wilh good lurfaec and lubioil drainage, of nitdinm nd good walef-holding capacily The itruclare u .neh elralion o( toots, air, and waUi, and Ihe landi are eilop* ndj thai are generally limiud to cbmaticilly adapted ops, due lo Iho reilnclive fealure. of the jo.l depth and pogtiphy or drainage They We well inittd lor develop- nd> thai are generally llmiled lo dimalieally adapted ue lo more eitreme deflciencie* m the loil depth, nioi»- lopography, or drainaae ebnniMenilict They are rait- nder itngation, bol their .hallow nalore may require CLASS 4-J tonipniei landi which tail lo meet the itandardi tor the preceding land claiiea, especially with regard to lopograpiuc condiliooi The jymbol after the elm oumbei inditatei the (atlor which remove* Ihe particular parcel of land from Ihe Clau 1 or 2 categonei CloH 4-21 land migbl have alt the eharacWriiliCJ ol Clau 1 land c»ctpt that of lopogr^pby, or the limiting factor might be lOil depth at well aj topography as indiciled by the lellen It Theie landi are luilable throogh special irngalion practices for the produelion of certain crops, not precluded \if elimalic conditions Owing lo their more rolling topography. Ihey are mote sujccplihie lo erosion, and greater care must be taken m applying water and maintaininjt cover crops when Ihe lands are uoder (ullivilion Thus, these lands are bell suited (or crops which can be irrteatod with small heads of water, inch as orchanlj. vineyards, or penns- nent pailure crops In coane-tcitured granitic snili rapid percolation from the root tone in the deeper soils may prohibit the ptodnelion of vety shallow- rooted grass crops CLASS 4 3 compriiei lands which would fail lo meet the requiremcntaof Classes I 3 or 3 mainly on nccount of topogittphie condilioni Also, they fail lo meet the ilandardi of Clais 4 S landi on ncconnl of shallower loil deplhi u we as iteeper topography Thu clais it suitable for ihe production of such itaallaw rooted orchards as almonds and olivn and for permanent paitute; however. Irrigation on the sleep elopes would require great ihill and care or relatively eit^niive sprinkler system insUllationj. On the deeper phasei of thu class where the only llraiUtion is slope of undnlalion deeper rooted otchardi may be cullivnted CLASS 5 P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all tcipccta olher ■ ■ - ■ -'-■-h greatly reilricts Iheir adapUbilily for crops olher ■•■-■I shallow -*—'■- •■■ — '---•■ han permantnl pastnre Howei frequent irrigatioDi Ihun preceding classes. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES Shetr/ /Vfc /6 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET 13 OF 27 SHEETS IVISION OF WATER RESOURCES r LEGEND CLASS I CLASS 2 CLASS 3 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 6 Y CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con tinuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climaticaUy adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage of medium to fairly fine texture, and good water-holding capacity, The structtire is such as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted raedium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage. They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation, CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories Class 4-2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st " These lands are suitable through speci.al irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions Ownng to their more roiling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken m applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation. Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops In coarse-textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1. 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 42 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography. This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture, however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations. On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated. CLASS 5-P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all resnects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS (N The AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1946-1950 SHEET 14 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF M-lES LEGEND CLASS 2 CLASS 3 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 6 CLASS 1 comprises lands thai are highly desirable in every respect for con tinuous irngated agnculture and capable of producing all clunaticaUy adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage of medium to fairly fine texture, and good water-holding capacity, The structnre is snch as to permit easy penetration of roots, air. and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope, CLASS 2 comprises lands thai are generaUy limited to climaticallv adapted medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage, They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation, CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth mois- tureholding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories Cl.xss 4 2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st " These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions Ovring to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation. Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma nent pasture crops. In coarse -textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions. Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography This cl.iss is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive spnnkler system installations On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of nndulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated. CLASS 5 P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all respects other than depth of soil, which ereatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes, CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes- Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES Y SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS (N The AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1946-1950 SHEET 14 OF 37 SHEETS SCALE OF MiLtS LEGEND CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3 ■ CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 6 GLASS 1 campnie* lapdi Ib&l an fainhly deimble u tvaj reipcct (or con- linDDDi imgiUd agncullDrt ind uptblc ol prodacing ill cUmMtioHj idapud crop) The loilt Hit tttep with good larlace and labiotl draiiUige, of raedlnm to fairlj line tcilote, md good waUr-balding upacily Tbt itraclorc u nth u to permil ii*y penelialion of roou. an, and wiWr, and Ih* ludi lie imoolh lying with gentle ilopc laticalli tdiplcd m uil dtptta and iiud tor devclop- GLASS 2 corapruei lindi that al< ecnirolly limittd u> cli med lam deep Tootid ctopi, doe to the ramcllvt ttaloTB ot to 1 minor oitint on topograph; or dninago Tbey are well i mtDt nadtr imgitiDO CLASS 3 eompmci landi that ue generslly limited Is climktically adapted lore holding capacity, lopognphy, or draiaw* eharMlenitia They are init- sble (or dtvflopmenl onder imgalion, bat thru ihallow nalorc may rMjnire iptcial imKatiOD prutices meet the itandudi for the prectdutf topographic tonditioni The ijTubol aftor the tlass number indicates ine i actor which removei the particnlar parcel of land rrom tbc CIui 1 or 3 ategontt. Clui 4-3t luid might hare all the oharacltnalici ot Class 1 land eicept that ol lopograpbr, or the linuling tatlor mifbt be loil depth ai well u lopogtaphy as indicated by the ietwn "it Theie lindi are luitable through ipecia) irrigation pnclicti (or the prodoctioo of leruin cropi, not precluded by tlimstic tooditionj Owing W. their more rolllne topograpby Ihey are more mieeplible to trraioo, and r«»J«' t*^ moit be Uken in applying w -" — "■ ""■" "" ""''• are under tnltivilion Thui be tmgated witt 1 Inc( CLASS the deeper lo gnui cropi ipnio lands ' Ifaut lands are b«t lailfd (or c . e( water, such as orchards, vmey lei tared gr»nitic loili rapid perci s may prohibit the production o J ihallow- topographit o meet the requiicmenti ot dtata :ocditianB Also, Ihey (ai) to meet lu. .-.uu-.,.. of Giati 4 3 landj on account ot ihallower soil deplhi as well u sleeper topography Tbit claii u iniUble (or the prodnction of lorh ihallow rooted orchard, as almond, and olive, and tor perrnBOenl pasture, however^ irrigation on the ileep slope, woold require gTe.1 skill and care ot reUlivrty eiptnsive spnnklcr lyitem uulallaliona On the deeper pbaio ot IhU elu* where the only bmilalion is riope o( nndulaliou deeper rootwl orchards may CLASS 5 P eompnse. landi which are renerally deamble in all re.necU other Ihiin depth or Kill which creally restricts their adaptability (or tropi olBer than permanent paalure However, owing to their ihallow depths, these land, woold teonire mort (reqoenl irrigatiom than preceding clajaet land which fallj to meet (he nunimom nqnlrementa of Land* of Ihii cUa. an coiuldtrcd muollable tor Im- CI-ASS 6 eomprti the preceding clai WATER SERVICE 4HEA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET 14 OF 27 SHEETS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES ^^ Lf^OAD FLAi^ C-^i LEGEND CLASS 1 fiii CLASS 2 CLASS 3 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 6 CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- tinuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly fine texture, and good wiiter-holding capacity. The structure is such as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are . smooth lying with gentle slope. ^ CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted ^ medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage. They are well suited for develop- « ment under irrigation. -e CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted ^ shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories Class 4-2l land might have aU the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation. Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse- textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4 3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1. 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions. Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography. This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations. On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated. CLASS 5-P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all resoects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1946-1950 SHEET 15 OF 27 SHEETS L '^ Lf^OAD FLAt^ $ ^ LEGEND CLASS 2 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- tinuous irrigated agnculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly fine texture, and good water holding capacity. The structure ia auch as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage. They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation, CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class I or 2 categories. Class 4-2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation. Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse-textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4 3 comprises l.inds which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions. Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations. On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated, CLASS 5-P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all resoects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptabilitv for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these landa would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes, CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY or MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSinCATtON OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 SHEET 15 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF MILES CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 1 compruH laiidi tb(I«r( higbly deinblt m emrj lenw' '<»' ">" liDDODi unpiUd igncultnie and capable o( proddcing ill cltmilicailj MUpUd cropt Thf uili HI dnp wiib good inrfait uid lubioil druni<«. of mFdiiua to (iirly flot Miture, and good nntrr holding capicity Tbe itrocLnrc u mch U lo pfonil taiy p . - . - . . imoolh lying wiib gtnllt ilap< CLASS 3 coDipnict l*adi Ititt u« gtaereUy limiMd lo clunilicallf utiplcd medium d«tp looWd cropi, due to the r«ilncliv« r««tiiTa of ihc >olI d*plb icd n lopognpby or dnuuge Tboy ait wtll loiwd foi develop- !r irrigalion. eornpriMs bndi Ihtt arc g(ncn.l]y lunjltd to climUicall; idapUd ibiDon rootfd crop), due lo mart extreme deflciencici m Ibe loit depth, siDii- tnre holding cip»tity, lopognpbT, or diamme ehineUniliH Tbtj kit ml- ibln for devclopmint under imgalion. bnl ibeir (hallow nature 11U17 require ipeciAl irn^tion prACtim. CLASS 4-3 comptuei Undi wbieb fail lo meet the lUndu-di for Xbt preceding eipeiiBllf with regard to topognphit mnditioni The ijmbol after the clui uDmber indicatci tbe factor whiFh removes the particolar parul of l.-ind from the Clau 1 or 3 calegones Clau t 21 land ought h»e iJl the [J ol Clan 1 land taccpl that of lopogrspby. or the linnling toctor inmhl be tod depth ai well ai lopofrapby as inditiled by the Itlten "it" ^~ it are loitable Ibrougb special irrigation pnicticei for the production 01 certain crops, not precluded bv clupatLC conditfons Owmg to Ihcir tnore rolling topography, Ihcy are more itiiceptible to erojion. and greater care muit be taken m applying water jnd maintaining cover crops when the lands e best I S/ieef Ml /a .... J. nneyatdi, or perma UTC ctopi In coane leitared granitic loils rapid peicolation frocn the in the deeper soils aay prohibit the prodactioa of rery shallow CLASS 4^ comprises lands which w. 1, 3, or 3 mainly on aceooDl of topographic I . . Ih* stand or di ol Class 4 3 lands on acconnt of ihallower toil depths as well ai steeper topography This clou u tniuble lor the production of loch shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and tor pertoanent pasinre; however irrigation on the steep slopes woold require great skill and care or relatively eipcniivc sprinkler lyitem milallations On Ihe deeper phases of this elm where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may CLASS 6 P comprlMi lands which are generally desirable in all resiwcli other IhaD depth of soil, which greitl* reitnets their adapUbllity for crops other than pennanenl pasture However, oamg lo Ibeir ihaJlow depths, these land) would res^ /y^ ^O WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 SHEET 17 OF 27 SHEETS CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS e crops. Tbc iodi «re deep »ilh good sorfare »nd rgbwil drun»««, of medJimi u 10 ptnoit euy penelrolion of root*, iif, uid mWr, md lie Ludi ut ■mootb lying with genlle ilope CLAB8 1 compriiei Imdi Itut art geneniUy liuuted hi clunilicallT sdapUd mcdiiuQ-dnp rooted cropi. doe to the reitnctive futnra of the (oil depth and to a nunof eittnl on topojriphy or drainage Thej are welJ lOitcd lot deTelop- men I ondir imgitiDo, ih»UDw rooted eropi, dne to more tilreme deficienoei in tb* lod depth, mou- lore-holding capMily. lopognipbT, or drainmje ch»r»cl*njtia Tbey are lOit- tpceiil imgatiOD practicei CLASS iJ compraei landi which fail lo meet the lUnndardi Idi the preceding land tlflssei, Hpccialiv with reg*rd lo topographic condition! The ijmbol mfttr Ihe tlajs jombtrindicaltJ the (actor whub itnjovej the partlcoUr parcel ol Imd from the Class 1 or J ealegonej Cl«» 4-Ii land might h»vt ill the cbar»el«nitici of Clm I land eicept thai of topographj. or the limiting factor might be toil depth ai well u topograpbT " indicated hy the lelten «.- These Undi are snilible Ihroogh ipecial imgalion practices for the prodnclion of certain cropi. not precladed bj climatic conditions 0«niig lo their more roUine topography, they are more igsceptlhlc lo crotion, and greater care must he taken in applying waltf and mainlainuig cc ■■-- ■•■- '■-•'• ■ngate Qitcd for cmpt vhich can ards Tinifanli. or perma- c crops In coarse teilnred granitic loils rapid percolation from the Q Ih* de«per loili may prohibit the production o! very shalJo"- 11 heads of nalJ GLASS 4 3 compruei Undi ui2 pf topographic y fail U 3f Clac where the only llmilati h« cnltiVBttd. CLASS 5 P comprises 1 lollowtr soil depths aj well ai le piodnctiOD of such shallow .onds and oUvh and (or pefmanenl pastore, howeier slopes wonld reqoiie great skiU and care ot relalWdy itfm ins tulk bans. On the deeper phases of this clui ion i) slope of ondsUtion deeper rooted orchards miy CLASS B compruet li which are generally doirable to all reipectt other TMlly reitncli Iheir adaptability (or crops other iwever, owing to ttteit (hallow depths, theM lands It imgatioiis thin prceedlng clusu. 1 LoDdi of ihii dua ai uidered uisniUhlt (or ( WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET 17 OF 27 SHEETS DIVISION Of WATER RESOURCES .>r- d -d I d. / 5 C I C2L / LEGEND CLASS I D i I CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS I compriiti luidi Ihat ut hi(Ur dcnnible in tnrj ropccl tor con- tinnoui irngntcd ognEalturr and upublc ol prodneiog all climaliallT idjipttd cTopi Tht loils ill ittp with good mttBCe aod mbiDll dnlnigt, of mtdioin \o fairly flue Uilarr. iDd g«od waUrbi>1dis( upuilir The ttrndiu* u rach u to pcrmil ti3j peoelrnliaii of roou, an, and nalir. and Uio Undi are imoolh lyint with genllt ilopr. CLASS 2 iisa landi that arc gtnirallj limited to climalioUr' idapud DUd eropi, doc ta the retlrictive fealnm at lbs toil deplb and It OD topofraphj or dnioage Tbi; are wcU laittd for divtlop- CLASS 3 compruu landi that arc jenerall)' limiltd la clunalically adapted ihallDw rooted iropi, due to more eiireme deacieneiu in the loil depth, mou- ID re holding capacity, lopoffraphy, or dramuio cbuBCterutiu Thej are init- able for develapmcnt ander imgaliOD, bnl then iballow nalore may reqoire ■peciil imgatioD praeticei ompniM land! which fall to metl the iUnda land tLusa dilionj The lymbol n the Clao I or 3 calegonn Ctnu 4-3t tii 1 might hove all Ihe a ot Has 1 Uo eicepl that of topography. ir the limiting factor mi^bt be ■ il depth u •ell Fh ipecial irrigation praili of cerlaio rops not precluded by cbmalic conditioni )wing to their more rollinir topography thty »i n. and greater tare of water toch ai orchardi viotyardi. or penni- *» luted gnuutic loili mpii the deeper lod may piohibit the pioduc GLASS * 3 cooipruH landt which woold fail to meet the reqoiremenU of CLaaiH 1 I or 3 mainly on a«oont of topographic conditioni Alio, they fail to meet the iWndardi of Olais 4 8 landa op account of (hallower joi! deplhi M well ai steeper topography Tha elan u initible for the prodnetioo of loeh ihallow rooted ortharda aa almoadi and olivei ind for permanent pailoro; however, irrigation on the He«p ilopei would require great .mil and care or relaliyely *»penii»e tpnnkler lyiUm intuDationi On the deeper phuo of thii clua where the only limtUtioo u ilopt of undniation deeper rooted orchard] may be cultiralcd ^_^^ _^^_ their ihallow depthi, Iheje landa wo"u'ld'"t'(^"Qir"e"more frequent inigatioiu than preceding cIbjum CLASS e compriaet land which faili to meet Iho minimom requlremontj of ihr nretedinff clauei. Landi of Ihli tUaa m ceniidered oniaiUble lor Im- SAmh^A^^/ R 12E WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET la OF 27 SHEETS OIVISlON OF WATER RESOURCES m --i - 1 :\ V c /-i- LEGEND ■ CLASS 1 CLASS 2 .'. -X-.-i CLASS 3 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 6 g«pen^7 Iimittd to clinutmllT idBplcd CLASS 1 cDDpriici ludi tbil ut bigbly dennb]* in rmj reaped for con iIuqooi imgiitcd nsncDltnn and optble of prodocisg %U eUmalioItr uUpud crop). Tb« uUi u-e deep with good mrlun lod intautl dnuatk^c. ' lo Inirly fine Icilore. lOd good wilerholding ei *"" ^ — ' u W ptrmil tiij penetration (moolh tying witb g«nt1e ilope. 0LAS3 3 unpruu luds that medium-deep rooUd crops, due to uie rcju-imvE Lc&inrci oi uie wju unpui uia to a minor extent on lopognptaj or dfuiugt They are well luited lor develop- ment ander imgalion. CLASS 3 comptiset landa that are generally limited to clunstlcally idaplcd ihillow Tooled cropi. dne to more eitrttne deBciencio in the loil depth. moit> In re holding capacity, lopojraphy or driiniige chiraetenitia. They ire rail- tble for development ander irrigation, bat their ihaltsw ntlnre miy reqatr* ipecEAj irrigation pr&eti<«j CLASS 4-3 compruei lands which fall lo meet the ilaDdardj for the preceding land clauu eipecially wilb regard to topographic coadiuocj- Tbe lymbol after Ibe clui nDmbcr indicalei the taetOT which removes tbe puttcnlar pared of land from the Clau 1 or Z calegonei Clau «-lt land hugbl have all the chaniclenitica of Clm 1 land eicept that ol topograph)- or the lunitmg lacWr migbt be loil depth ai well as topography u indicated by the Itlten "il " These lindj are inilablo tbrongh special imgstion practices for the produclion of cetwin crops, not precluded by elinutic conditionj Owing lo their more rolling topography, they are mare stuceptible lo erosion, and greater care mnsl be taken in applying wale- ---" "-' "■'— "■" '""*' are ander cnllivatisD Tbnt. th be irrigated vilh small htadi ol rooted graas oi CLASS 4- !>e laodi are h«t soiled for eropi which c water, loch as ortbardj. vineyards, or pe rir Lttircd granitic aoilj rapid percolation from I !iay prohibit the prodoction of very thallo a taidi which wonld fail to meet tb( reqniraroenti of Olauei 3 mftinly on account ol topographic conlitiooi Alio, they fail to meet ibe"itandard. of Olau 4 2 lands on accoont of ihallower soil depths u well aj iteeper topography Thu class u njllable tor the prodtielion of such ihallow rooted orchards as abnond. and olives and for pw^nen. pastnre, however. Irrigation on tbe sleep slopes woald require great skill and care or relatively eiMDsive sprinkler snietn miiallatiotis On the deeper phases of Ihij clus where the only limitation is slope of nodulatioo deeper rooted orchards may be cnltivaWd CLASS 5-P compnKi lands which are generally deairable in all respects other than depth of soil, which greatly restrict, their adaplabOity tor crops other IhiD permaaeDt paslnre Howestr, owing If would require more frequent imga lions tbs CLASS 6 comprises land whlob lalli lo meet Uie mlDimnm reqairamenlt the preceding elaues Lwdi Of this clui Me coniideied oninittble for Ir gation. Si^w/ ^ ^^ WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE IS4S-l«iO SHEET IS OF 27 SHEETS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES ^ LEGEND CLASS 3 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 1 comprisea lands that are highly desirable in every reapect for con- tinuous imgnted agricalture and capable of prodncing all climatically adapted crops The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medintn to fairly flue texture, and good water-holding capacity The structure is such as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage. They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, doe to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, moic- tnre holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories Class 4-2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken m applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation Thus, these lands are best suit«d for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, sBch as orchards vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse-textnred granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very sh&llow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1. 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4 2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated. CLASS 5-P comprises lands which arc generally desirable in all respects other than depth of soil, which ejeatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land vhich fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- gation. Shesi /V„ Z3 WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE I94S-I9S0 SHEET 20 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF MILES --■-•^ n CLASS 2 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 6 CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly deairable in every respect for con- tinuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly flne texture, and good water-holding capacity. The structure is such as to permit easy penetration of root*, air. and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage. They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deSciencies in the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories Class 4-2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." These lands are suitable through special irngation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by chmatic conditions Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation. Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can bo irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse-textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root lone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of CWses 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions AIbo. they fail to meet the standards of Class 4 2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography. This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installa^tions. On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undnlation deeper rooted orchards may he cultivated. CLASS 5-P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all resnects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land vhich fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lauds of this class are considered unsaitable for irri- gation. 5,4**/ M Z3 WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 19*8-1950 SHEET 20 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF MILCS Si^^e v(6 /^ LEGEND CLASS I DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES □ CLASS 2 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLABB 1 compriiai ludi tlul m btfhl? duinbl* to Vftrj mpKt tor cod- tinnoBi inic*!^ >|Tini1lim and npibic of praduclnt lil cIim*Uc&l]r kdiptcd crops. Tbc loili ut d«p witb giiod mrfao ud nitnail dniiufi. of nHdiam 1« fairly fln» leilurs. and good wiUr holding eapMilj. The ilniclBr* u rach u to ptrmil taiy pcDtuauon of rtnU, au, and mur, and Ihe landi are •njDotti lying wiLb genllc dope. CLASS 2 compruti Undi that an gutnUy Unuttd Is elimalleall7 adapMd mcdiam deep rooMd erupt, dm to the rutnclivF fcalDra o( th« lail d«ptb and lo a minor nleal on Mpograpbr or drainage They ue mil loiUd for derilap- mcnt ondor imgilioa GLASS 3 compnin laodi thai ar* guicnlly limit ■hallow. rooted crops, due to more eitrtmt defleieni lore holding capuit^. topography, or drainage chi able For developmenl ODdtr imfitioD. ip«ial imgatioo pr^tticei CLA8S4 lud clai Ltically adapted loJ dapth. moil- They are rail- Ihtir ihallow nilnre may reqnire npniu lands whicb (ail to meet the itandards for the prectding upecially wiib regard lo topographic condition! Tat symbol n amber indicates the laeloc whtch rcmoiei Ibe partlcnlai pared the Clau 1 oc 2 categories Olus 4-3t tasd might have all tbe I of Class 1 [and eiccpt that of topography, or the limiting factor might be lod depth as well ai topography as mdioted by the letters "st~ Tbeie tandj are laitable thrvngb specul imgation practices for the prodscUOD of certain crops, not preclndcd by climatic conditions Owing to then msf* r^iUine topography, they are more iD»eeptible to erosion, and gieaHu e«« mosi be taken in applying water and izuinuiomg coier crops when the luds arc under cnltivaiias Thus, these landt are bat nited for crops oUeh can be ungated with imaU beads of waltf igch as onhirdi nneyarda. or ptnui- oent piutote crops In coarse tei tared gmnitic loili rapid percolation tr«m the root lose in the deeper soils may prohibit the prodnctiOD of vtrj thallow- rooted grui crops. CLASS 1-3 corapruu Unda which iroald fail to meet tbe Te^niraiDenta of Oluies 1, 3. or 3 mainly on atcoanl of topographic eondilionj Abo, they fail to metl the lUndardi of Class 13 Lands on acconnt of shallower toil depths as well ai steeper topography Tbu class is iniuble for the production of rnch ihallow rooted orcbivrdi is almond* and olives and for permanent pastnn. however, irrigation on the ittep ilopei wonid reqaire great sloa »nd care or relattiety expensive ipnnkler mtem inslallaiiooj On the de /B LE GEND CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P ■ CLASS « OLABS I eomprlMS luidi Ibal in hig-til; domblc in btuj nipcct for to-a- tiDuaiu uTiKmled ■^eoltiu't ud MpabU ot prtxliiniig til dinutiisllT uliptHi crnpi. The uili u-i dKp vilb good (arfuc tod nbtoil dmiugf. of rnediais to tujiy &D* lutnrt, and ;ood mwcholdrng opuitj The itracnn u neb ka lo p«rnut euy penetrmtion of roota^ ur, uid walflrn iu)d Ih' Uncb fcre ■mootb Ijut vltb EaDlti ilopc. GLASS 1 compnM) luidi thai i nwUnmdMp rooMd cropi. dsc la to a iniDor crunl OD Upoffnph; or druiugc Tbf j v* will inilcd for diidop- menl nnder im^uon. CIJIS8 3 compruct Undi that an geatraUr lunjWd to cluuticallj adapted LtiTC-holdui£ capacity topoffniphy. or dfusaffl d_ abis for dertlopneiil under imgalion, bat ttaeir ihallci> natnn miT reqiun ■p«CLa] irrigation pracliut CLABS ^1 camprUu ludi which tail to oiKt th« itoDdardi for the praccdiii( land cUiMi. eipeciallf with regard lo lopojiaphit eoDditionj. Tbi lymbol after the dau nninber mdieatu Ibe factor which remora the particular parcel ol laud from Um Clau 1 or 3 otefono CUa 4 31 land niifht have tiS. iht charactenfUei o( Clan t lud «ie«pl that of lopography. or the limiting factor might be ntl daptb ai w«U u topognpbr u indicated by (he lettcn "tt" tha» landi arc reitable Ihraagh ipedal irrigatiDo practicei for tbc prodacuon of oeitun crop!, not pTBclndcd by climatic cDDdilmnj Owing to their man rolling topography, th«y an more nueeptible to erotion, and grcilu an mul be taken id tpplying water and muntaining cover crept when the Uodi are ander cnltivatum Tbnt, IhtM landi ar* bvt miled for crop) which can be UTlgnled with imall beadi of water, ineb u orchaidi. Tioejarili, or peitm- DtDt paitore crop! In coane tcitsTpd gruiitic loilt rapid percolation from tbe root tone in the dtepcr loU] coay prohibit tbe prodnclioD ot yaj ihaOow- rooted grau crop* OI.AAS « compniee landj which woold fail lo meet the rwiniremenli of CUbm 1 2. or 3 nkiinlv on acconnt of lopogrmphic condmoot Also, they fall to mMt the ituidvdi of Cla» 4-3 laodi oo account of ehallower »oil depthi ai well ai •IMp«r topography Tha dan U initahle for the prodncOon of inch ihallow rooted ortbirdj u almonda and oIttm and for pennanent paitiire: howeier, Irrigation on Ihe ite«p ilop«» wosld reqnire great tkill aj eipeoiiife (pnnkler lyWem tnilaUabona. On lb* deeper phaaei o u dope of nndnlallOB deeper rooted orchards m as G-P compriMt lacdt which ar« (tDeraHy dnlnble in all rtfVMti otbtr depth of ua which rreaiJT mtncti their adaptabiUt; tor crap* other nenuaneiil putnre Bomier. owing to I^eir iIikIIow depllu. thiM Uodi d reqsire more freqnenl imgatiou Ibao prveadlng olaaMS WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET 21 OF 27 SHEETS OWISION OF WATER RESOURCES ^^ LEGEND CLASS 2 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 6 CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- tinuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly fine texture, and good water-holding capacity. The structure is such as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted medium deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage. They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics Thev are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories. Class 4-2l land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated bv Ihe letters '■st," These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can he irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations. On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may he i^ultivated. CLASS 5 P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all resoects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. GLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES r- SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 SHEET 22 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF MILES LEGEND CLASS 2 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4 -3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 6 CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- tinuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly fine texture, and good water-holding capacity The structure is such as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted medium deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage. They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- tnre-holdmg capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4 2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories. Class 4-2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters ■*st,"' These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1. 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permnnent pasture; however. irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or' relatively expensive sprinkler system installations. On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated. CLASS 5 P comprises lards which are generally desirable in all resnects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes, Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES r SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE I94B-I950 SHEET 22 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF WILES CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P OLASB 1 compruei ludi that 3it highly dciinble ID every respect for cun. liUDQiu irrigated Agntultncc And capible ol producing tU ctimmtically idipted cropa The loils ve deep with good lorfafe and subtoJ dmrui^, of mediDiD to (airly Ane teitare, and good water -balding c&paciiy Tbo Atmetun li fuch u to permit c.uy pepctratian of rooti, sir, and water, and the Undi ir* ■ lying with gentle ilope CLAB8 3 CDDipniei landi that are gencnlly limiled to elimatieally adapted medium-deep rooted f ropi, doe to the restrictive features of the loi} depth and to 1 minor uleot ob topography or drainage They are well inited for dereJop- meol Qcder irngatton GLASS 3 CDinpriui lasdi that arc generally limited to climatically adapted ■ to more eitrerae deBcienciei m th> kO depth, moia- ture-faolding capacity, topography, or drainage characters Ilea They are nit- ablc lot development under irripition, but their jhallow nalore may reqnlM ■pecial irngalion practicei CLASS 4<3 cenipruei landi which fail to meet the itandardi for the preeediu land cl&u«. eipecially with regard to topographic conditions. The lymbol after the ctau nnmber indicatei the factor which remocei the particular pATuI of land from the Clan I or Z categona Clau 4<3t lasd might have all the chamcterallci ol Clau 1 land eicept that of topography, or the limiting factor might be loil depth ai well as topography ai Indicated by the letten "il" Tbeie landi are mtablt through special imgition practice) for the ptodnetion of eertaiD crops, not precluded by climatic conditions Owing to their more rolling topogiaphy, they arc more iniceptible to eronon, and greater eire mnit be taken in applying water and msinlainuig cover crops when the lands are ander cultivation Tfaiu. Iheie lands are best imled (or crops which c*o nent pasture crops In coine-Icitured gmnitic soils rapid percolation from the root tone In the deeper soils may prohibit the prodnelion of very ihaUow- rooted gmas cropi CLASS 4-3 comprises lands whicb WDotd fall to meet the requirements of CI an« 1. X or 3 mainly on account of topogrsphic conditiona Alio, they fail to meet the ilandards of Clais 4 3 lands on account of iballowtr soil depths u well u steopcc topography This class ii laitible for the production of SDch shallow " orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent paatore. however, imgition 00 the sleep ilopei woold retjnire great ikiU and c»re or rtlaU*ely expensive spnnkUr lyatem inaUllalioni- On the deeper phasr- -' "■- -'— where the only limitation u slope of — -*' " ' be cnltivated. undnlatiDu deep< d orchards m H lands which are geterally desirable lo all resoecta other h greatly rrslricu Ihtu- adaptability for crops othir However, owing to their shallow depllu. these lands t frequent irngalions than precedlne cluses. is clus are coosidered a WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES ^^S RI8 E SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET 22 OF 27 SHEETS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES LEGEND CLASS 2 iyr^^fT^ CLASS 3 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 6 .-kkc CLAM 1 compriMs landa that are highly d««irablt in ersry rwpect for con- tinnoiu in-i^ted agricoltiire and capable of producing all clunaticaUy ulapt«d crops. The Boile are deep with good sorface and snbsoil drainage, of medinjn to fairly fine texture, and good water-holding capacity. The itnictarB ii anch as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and wat«r, and the l&nda are smooth lying with gentle slope. GLASS 2 comprises lands that are generaUy limited to climatically adapted medlnm-deep rooted crops, doe to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage. They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, doe to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- able for development under irrigation, bat their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLAB8 4-2 compriflea lands which fail to meet the standards for the preoediiw land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories. Clara 4^2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." The*e lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In eoarse-teztured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root xone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions AIjo, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography. This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations. On the deeper phase's of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulfttion deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated. CLASS 5-P comprises lands which are generaUy desirable in all respects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land which falls to meet the minimun requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAPNOUS AREAS CLASSiriCATlON OF LANDS IN TME AGRICULTURAL ZONE I948-I9S0 SHEET 23 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF MrLKS h LEGEND CLASS 2 CLASS 3 CLASS A-Z CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 6 J>h CLAM 1 compriBo tanda that are highly d««irahl« in vnrj revpect for con- tinnoos irri^ted agricnltnre and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and sdImoU drainage, of mediam to fairly fine texture, and good water-holding capacity The itmctore ii snch as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted mediom-deep rooted crops, doe to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage. They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation. GLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow -rooted crops, dne to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- tnre-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- able for development onder irrigation, bat tibcir shallow natore may require special irrigation practices. CLAA8 4-3 comprises lands which fail to meet the sUndards for the preoedlnc land classes, especially with regard to t(^>ogrsphic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories Class 4-21 land might have all the characteristics of Claos 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well aa topography as indicated by the letters '"st." These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more roUinft topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining cover crops wiien the lands are under cultivation Ttna, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse-textured granitic toils rapid percolation from the root lone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the rei^nirements of Classes 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography. This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the steep slopes wonld require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations. On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation Is slope of undnlation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated. CLASS 5-P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all respects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class ar« considered unsuitable for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 SHEET 23 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF MILES JAt:ai A/o ^0 LEGEND ^1 CLASS I ^^^ CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P OLAH 1 comprtM) Unib t^t u< bitUj d*«ir«bl* la rrary mpxt lot coa- liDOOU imfftWd iifriciiltm ud capable of prodncnif Ul eluiKtieillj ulif tad crop! Tbi KiUj *n dMp with good inrticc tad tstireil druuft ol nwdnm to tsirlf Oiw Uitnrt, uid lood wiurboiduic oapuit7 Thi ilrnctim u radi u 10 pcrmil CUT pcsctnUan o[ coau. tir. and vitu-, ud Uu ludj ui nnmtli 1;1D( mth (tnUi (iopc OLAM 3 cflmprtMt luidi thai in gturiJlT luEit«l to diBUtiolly uUplcd medlom-dMp nnud crop], doe to thi reatncux lutorta at the uil deptii ud to > minor uttnl or lopoinplij oi dr»in»j« Thej ui wtU nill«d for dwilop- msnt nnder iiTt(«tiOD. CLAU 3 compnHi tudi tbat an fcnfnll)' lunllid to fliinati rally adapted ■luUann»Ud eropa, dn to mon ulnme diBdCDCiai ig Itu hi] dtpth. laou- tore-holdinj capaiitj. lopojrapby. or drainage eharaelartitka ttej *i* reit- abl« For diielepmral nndir imftiion. bnl Uknr thaUow nalvi but r*4am tpMiaJ imottoii prmclicn. CLASS 4-3 umpnjca Laadi ihleb [all to mMl ih« itudardi for thf prasdina land nlmn cfpaciaUy «ith TVffanl U> topoffnpbic coDditieoi The irnbol alMr th* dan nnmba' ladicMH Uw (actor which rtnom ibe pamcnlaf paiccl g[ Und [rom Uu Clan 1 or 3 catCfOna Oaa «-It land nujht havi aU tb* eharaclenilia ot OlaM 1 land oc«pt th»l o( topofn^pfcy. ft the limltnig tarter niijrht be fell d*[ilh a> ntll aa lopoiraptaT ai indiuiK] by the lillin 'H." Tb«« land* an tollable ihroogh ipecial anjalion pfKlitti for tbt prodnetion ot ctnaiD cTDpe. not precluded bj cbmatit csndiiioiu Owing to Ihcir toon mllinit lopofTapbT Ihev are mon laMBptiW* \a efonon. and jr**"' °" moit be tiken 12 appljuig waler and njalntatnia* cover cropi when lb* landl art nadir cnlUralion Ttm. thaii taadi are belt niited for cTDp* ■hltb caa be lrng»i*d with imall bead* of waUi, raeh ai orcharda_ vineTardj, or per™. neot pBatnre cropi L root tone m the dH rooted (TU) cmp*. OLAflB tS eompruaj laadi which wonld tai I 3. or 3 duibIt dd acconnl of tsporraphli Iht itaadarda ot Claai 4-3 landi oD ikoodI ■ leepn tepogiaphT Thu daai u milablr rttoted orchard* ai almoadi ■hallowcr wj-I depthi ai *(□ ai the prodaetion of lotb ihaHow ea un^i..^ - oliTta aad for pannaDOil paitnre; bowevei. unaalLOO on the ileep >lop« "oold r«iiiir« r-"t itoll and cai:« or rtUnvely eicenn" fpnnklu rnum uulallattona On the dxptr phaiee olUia dan tonl7 u ilopa of oDdBUtias decpar rwUd orchard! nUT 0LAB8 ^P eoenpruea landi whtth are (enefaH^ danrahle la all n«pt«U ol than death o( lolL which trotlT ratnita Ibeir adapUbOilT for eropi oti than peLaaenl paatare Hdw.™ owin, to iheir ahaU™ depth* U— lai would reqninj roon freqnenl imganom than preoduf ela»M. CLAfla « compriM land which («lli to ni«t the nununam r«itL«»ent. the prweedinf danv. Laadi ot Iho dan ii» oiniuHrtd onioltaU* tot u (Wlon WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN TMt AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET 23 OF ZT SHEETS DIVISION Of WATER RESOURCES ^-^. J»Vi|fe^TO^E CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 1 campriiei lindi Ihit *n bightf doinble in (Vtrr rtip*el for con- tiauoni imgatcd iitnculliire and capable at prodacinc all cluiulicalljF idipttd CTopt Th« toils ir> dup wjib good lorfact and inbioil dralna(f. of medlDm lo fairly tin* tcilarc and st'cd water hotdinc capacilr Tb* lUaclDCt ii incb aa lo permit cuy penelTation of rooti, air, and waur. and Ibt Undj an ■iDOOth tyin[ witb genllt dope □LASS 3 compntn laud) Ibat arc (fncrally luniltd lo climatieallT adapted medium-deep rooted cropi, due lo the restnctjve featora of the foil depth and iDinor eitcnt on tapognphj' oi drainage The; are well nuled lor dcTtlop- it under imgntion. CLASS 3 compmei lardi that art Efnerally limited to clumliciUj adapted ihallowrooled rrops. doe to mor* eitreme dencieoeiea in tbe toil deplh, moii- lurt holding eapiwily. lopogTAphy, or draiD.A«e charaelerutics They ire ni\- able for development under irrigation, but Ibcir ihallov oature may rtquue ■pecial unfatian pracliCf* CLASS 41 campruci lands wbicb tail lo meet the fUndaidt tor the pmediDf land cluiti, eipetially with regard lo lopoiraphlc toaditiDU The lymbol after the rliu number indiialu the factor vbicb rcoioici tbe pirlicslir panel ot land from tbe CliM 1 or 3 calegonei Clau 4-3t land might baie ill the character II lid ot Clau 1 land except Ibst ot lopogtipbr. or tbe limiling tactor mieht be loil deplb u well u topognptij as indicated by tJ Theie Inndi arc loitable through special ii of certain crops, not preclud ' ' ' " (olline lopogtapby, they are mast be taken in applying water ano mainuinuu; cv*cr tj^j^j »iirii ^" <■■■■ are under loltivalion Thus, these lands are best lUilrd for crops wbicb c be imgiiled with small heads of water. — 'h as orcbtcdi. vineyatds. or p«rni nent pasture crops In coarse tea lured granllic soils r»pid pi root tone in the deeper : " rooted gnsi crops CLASS *-3 compriJM lands whicb would Oil to mctl tbe reqoiremeau of Claaset 1 3 ot 3 mainlT on account ot lopograpliic coudiliont Alw. Ibey fail lo meet the stand-irds of Class 4 2 land, on account of shallo-cr soil depth, as well aa ■teepee lopogniphy This clau is suitable tor Ihe prodociion of soch shallow rooted orchards is almonds and olives and lor permanent paslore^ bowerer. irHgatlan on the steep slopes would require great skill and cart or nlallrelj HDcnsive sprinkler intern installations On tbe deeper phiMa of thu class where the onlj limitation ii slope ot ondulation deeper rooted orchards may ■B genenJlv duirablr m all rctpecti olber ilncli their idaptabililT for cropi otber pasture However, o»ing lo tbeir ihiUlow deptba tbcH lands w'onid''Vcqoi™"mor« frequent irrlpit"" "laD preceding claoe* CLASS e eompriiea land -hich f.ll. to meal the minlmun. "5''«"«" »' Uie preceding tlauea Land! ot thU cUas «* considered untnlUhle for Im- n practices for the production □ore susceptible to emion. and grratet care y prohibit the production o( rery shallow- waTER SERVtCE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEV Of MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSiriCATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE SHEET 24 OF 27 SHEETS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES m^i 'M LE lompiises lands that : igated agriculture am soils are deep with ( le texture, and good lit easy penetration ig with gentle slope. ;ompnses lands that ep rooted crops, due t extent on topography irrigation. comprises lands that Died crops, due to mo kg capacity, topograp evelopment under uri Igation practices. i comprises lands whi< es, especially with -. Ilass number indicates torn the Class 1 or 2 btics of Class 1 land e: soil depth as well as fs are suitable througl crops, not precluded pography. they are r [ken in applying wate cultivation. Thus, th d with small heads of re crops. In coarse-te: in the deeper soils i SB crops. t comprises lands wbic nainly on account of rds of Class 4 2 lands pography. This class :bards as almonds an on the steep slopi sprinkler system only limitation is sli ted. [P comprises lands wh |h of soil, which grea lianent pasture Howe |uire more frequent I comprises land wbic ping classes. Lands o WATEF Li lomprises ]ands that ; igated agriculture anc soils are deep with g ne texture, and good lit easy penetration ig with gentle slope. ;oniprises lands that ep rooted crops, due t extent on topography irrigation. f:omprises lands that i'ted crops, due to mo g capacity, topograp velopment unde; [gation practices. i comprises lands whii E8, especially w^th r (lass number indicat-es lom the Class 1 or 2 ptics of Class 1 land e: Boil depth as well as [s are suitable through I crops, not precludi pography, they are [ken in applying wale cultivation Thus, th d with small heads of re crops. In coarse-lei in the deeper soils B3 crops. 1 comprises lands wb nainly on account of Tds of Class 4-2 lands pography. This class :hards as almonds an on the steep slope; sprinkler system ins only limitation is sh ted. P comprises lands wh h of soil, which erea lanent pasture, Howe (uire more frequent ii , comprises land whic ding classes. Lands o WATEF "V.^ DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES CLASS 4-2 E CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 1 compriici Undi thai !at bi^bl; deiirible Id tnrj ropKt for cod- linuooi UTigited aencnlturc uid capable of ptodocint (11 clmialiQilIj idipud cropi The loiU u-e de«p wilb gsad aarftcc and nbioil dnunogc, of mediain U) fairly flit leilnre, and good wsler-holding cipacity Tbe ilrnclore ii lach M to permit tuy ptD(tn>tioD of rooU, su. uid vilir. ud tbe ludi m •mooth lying with genllo ilopt CLASS 3 compnin lands thil ire genirtUy limiUd lo cluniticilly utipUd mediam-deep rooted crapi. dm lo the reilnclivt realurct of Uic hi! dtptb lod to » minor nlent on topography or dmnjige. Tbry mt well initcd [or deveJap- mtol under irnpilioii. CLASS 3 compriiH laodi Ibil are gcDerallir Uniiled to cliioatically adapted ■hall am root* d cropi, due to more eitrtme defltieDcitt in the mil depth, mou- tare-holding eapneily. lopojrapby. or dnunajte cbirBClenilia Tbey are init- nble for development uoder irngatioo, bat their ihallow DStoie may reqaiie ipecial unction pncticci CLASS 4-3 compruei landj whii failU le itaodardt fc receding aftet the diU Dnmb«r'indit»ia The (icMir whiih remoiet the particular parcel of land from the Olau 1 or 1 categonei. Glut 411 bind might hiFt all the characteristic) of Class I tacid eicepl that of lopoiraphy, or Ibe limiling faelor iiukM be mil depth »» well ai lopogripby as indicated by the lellen "if Tbete landi are suitable through ipetial ungation pmclieej for iho production of certain cropi. not precluded by clidiitie rondilionj Owing to their toon rollim topography. ^^*7 "* ^"^ losceplible lo eiosiOD. and greater cart mnil be lalen in applying water and mniDtaining cover cropi when the ianda are under callivatlon, Tboi. Ibrw lands are but loiled for crops which can be imgated with imnU hesdiot water, sncb u orchards, vineyardi. or pertna- nent puturo crops. In coarse lei tured gmnitic mils rapid pereolalion from the root lone id the deeper lOili tusy prohibit the prodoclioo of very ihallow- rooled graii cropi. CLASS 4-3 comprises londj wbich would fall lo meet the rcflolremenU of OtauB 1,2 or 3 msinly on account of topographic condilioni Also, they f«il lo meet the itondard. of Class 4-2 lindi on occounl of .ballower soil deplh. u we as •teeper topography This cliii u inilable for the production of inch ihiUow rooted orchards u almond) ind olives and (or perminuji piilore. however. Irrigation on tbo ileop slope would require great )kill and care or rehilively cipennve sprinkler lyslera mlallation) On the deeper phases of ihu clan where the only luniUtion d ilope of unduUlion deeper rooted orchards may nT.«88 fj.P jomnniei land) "hich ar* generally desirable in all rcintcts other h freallT rejlrlcts their adaptabilJly for ei than wonld require more frequenl ungstioni than preceding cl depth), t CLASS e mmprises bind which tail Uie preceding ebuies Land) of this uidered unnitahle for Irri- WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONE >B4a-1950 SHEET 25 OF 27 SHEETS f^ LEGEND q _ CLASS 2 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 6 CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- tinuous irrigated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly fine texture, and good water-holding capacity. The structure is such as to permit easy penetration of roots, air. and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage. They arc well suited for develop- ment under irrigatiou. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories, Class 4.2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be t.iken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation. Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards, vine:.ards, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse-textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in ihc deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops, CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1, 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Abo, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations. On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may be cultivated. CLASS 5-P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all respects other than depth of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the mir the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considei gation. mum requirements of 3d unsuitable for irri- WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN TME AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 SHEET 26 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF Miles LEGEND toBi CLASS 2 CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P CLASS 1 comprises lands that are highly desirahle in every respect for con- tinuous irrigated agnculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted crops. The soils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium to fairly fine texture, and good water-holding capacity. The structure is snch as to permit easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are smooth lying with gentle slope. CLASS 2 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted medium-deep rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and to a minor extent on topography or drainage. They are well suited for develop- ment under irrigation. CLASS 3 comprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted shallow-rooted crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- ture-holding capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- able for development under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require special irrigation practices. CLASS 4-2 comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding land classes, especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol after the class number indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel of land from the Class 1 or 2 categories. Class 4.2t land might have all the characteristics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor might be soil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." These lands are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production of certain crops, not precluded by climatic conditions Owing to their more rolling topography, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care must be taken in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands are under cultivation. Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can be irrigated with small heads of water, such as orchards. vine>nrds, or perma- nent pasture crops. In coarse-textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the root zone in the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- rooted grass crops. CLASS 4-3 comprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes 1. 2, or 3 mainly on account of topographic conditions Abo, they fail to meet the standards of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as steeper topography This class is suitable for the production of such shallow rooted orchards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, irrigation on the steep slopes would require gre.it skill and care or relatively expensive sprinkler system installations On the deeper phases of this class where the only limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may he cultivated. CLASS 5-P comprises lands which are generally desirable in all respects other than depth of soil, which ereatly restricts their adaptability for crops other than permanent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands would require more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. CLASS 6 comprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of the preceding classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- gation. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 1948-1950 SHEET 26 OF 27 SHEETS SCOLE OF Ui lES CLASS 4-2 CLASS 5-P I 1 compnits l»ndi Ihil ii< bigblf dtiirable in erery raped tor con. I img&lcd agncDlliue and capthle of prDdacini >11 cUmatitaUj ulflpud erspi The loili u> deep with good •nrfut ud mtHail dnjiwjt, of mfililun to fsirljr flne ttilore, and goad wiMr-holding apacilj Thf itmttnre u tnch u to ptnnit ciuy pcnelnllos of roou, ui, and water, and tbi Uadi arc h Iji&E vith gentle tiapt S I compniei land) that an gtncrallj limited (o clunaUcaQ; adapEed m deep rooted crspi. due lo tfir rutnclivc (eatnni of the toil depth and Lioor uteat od topDgnpby or dnuiugt They are well lOited for d(Ttlop> ment nnder imgition OLAGB 3 compnies landi ttaat aie generallj limited lo climaticalljr adapted ihsll aw rooted tropi. doe to more eitrerne defltieneiM in the Mil deplb. moil- holding capaeJtj, topography, flr drainage eharaelcrulica Tbej an nilt- (bU lor development under irrigation, bnl ttieir (hallow nalnrc ma; rtqmn ipccial iTngadoD practlMi. CLASS i-3 compruej Innda which tail lo meet the ilandardi Tor the preceding land ela»MJ, «peciallT with regard to lopognphic eonditiniii The jyujbol itler the elao nnmber indlcatei the (actor which rimaTci the partienlaT panel land from tbt Ctan 1 or 2 categonet. Clan ISt land might have alt the :haracl(rtstiei of Clan t land eicipt thai af lopography. or the limiting (aelor miftht be loU diptb a* well as topngraphy ai inditaled bj the letten "it" Theie landi arc initable through ipecial imcatioa prulicu for tbe production or eerUiD crop*, not preeladed by climatic condjtioni Omnf to then more rDlliDK lopograpby. they are more iniceptiblc to crasios, and greater care mml he taken lO applying water and mainlaiiUBr cover craps when Ibe Undi are ooder colligation Tbiu. Ibae landi arc btit lulled (or cropi which can be ungated with (mall btidi of water locb u nrehardi vmerardi, ar perma- nent paitnre ciops In coanetei tared ennitic loili rapid percolatiaD (ram the root lono in the deeper toiU may prahibil the prodaition at Tery ahallow- OLASS 4-3 compnto landi wUch would fail to meet the reqnlrtmeDLt ol CUut) 1. 3, 01 3 mainl; on account ol topogrtphie cnnditisni Abo. thty ful to mttl the tiandardi of Clau 4-3 landi on tccoimt at ihalJower loil deptha u well aa ■leeper lopography This class u tnitabli (or the prodnclion at mch ib»!law rooted orthaidi as almoadt aod otiva and far permanrnt pajliare; however. irriestioD on the ileep slapei aoold reqnire great ikil! and care ar relaLrelf eipeniiva ipnnklcr fyitem InstaUationa On tlic deeper phases at thti dut .ivated. IS slop* of nndolallOD deeper rooted archards may inds which are teDcnktlT i CLAS8S-Pi.„,uK.. - Ihivn depth of lOil. which greatly reslncls their id»pUbJity tar cropa other tbto ptrmantot paslorc However, awiDg to Ihcir iballow depths, these luidi would reqoire more freqnent ungations Iban preceding daises. WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS AGRICULTURAL ZONt SHEET 26 OF 27 SHEETS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES D LEGEND CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P imprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con- :ated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted loils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium e texture, and good water-holding capacity The structure is such t easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are t with gentle slope. imprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted p rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and xtent on topography or drainage, They are well suited for develop- irrigation. imprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted ed crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- capacily, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- elopment under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require ation practices. comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding .. especially with regard to topographic conditions. The symbol umber indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel n the Class 1 or 2 categories. Class 4-2t land might have all the ics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor lil depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production rops. not precluded by climatic conditions. Owing to their more igraphy, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care en in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands ultivation. Thus, these lands are best aaited for crops which can with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- crops. In coarse-textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the . the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- crops. lomprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes iiinly on account of topographic conditions Also, they fail to meet Is of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as igraphy. This class is suitable for the production of such shallow ards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, a the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively prinkler system installations. On the deeper phases of this class inly limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may d. comprises lands which are generally desirable in all resnects other of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other nent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands re more frequent irrigations than preceding classes. omprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of ig classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for ini- WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN TM£ AGRICULTURAL ZONE i94e-i9S0 SHEET 27 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF Mlt.es LEGEND CLASS 4-2 CLASS 4-3 CLASS 5-P imprises lands that are highly desirable in every respect for con. ;ated agriculture and capable of producing all climatically adapted loils are deep with good surface and subsoil drainage, of medium texture, and good water holding capacity. The structure is such t easy penetration of roots, air, and water, and the lands are [ with gentle slope. imprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted p rooted crops, due to the restrictive features of the soil depth and stent on topography or drainage They are well suited for develop- irrigation. imprises lands that are generally limited to climatically adapted ed crops, due to more extreme deficiencies in the soil depth, mois- capacity, topography, or drainage characteristics. They are suit- elopment under irrigation, but their shallow nature may require ation practices. comprises lands which fail to meet the standards for the preceding . especially with regard to topographic conditions The symbol .ss namber indicates the factor which removes the particular parcel n the Class 1 or 2 categories. Class 4-2t land might have all the ics of Class 1 land except that of topography, or the limiting factor 111 depth as well as topography as indicated by the letters "st." are suitable through special irrigation practices for the production rops. not precluded hy climatic conditions Owing to their more igraphy, they are more susceptible to erosion, and greater care en in applying water and maintaining cover crops when the lands ultivation. Thus, these lands are best suited for crops which can with small heads of water, such as orchards, vineyards, or perma- ! crops In coarse. textured granitic soils rapid percolation from the 1 the deeper soils may prohibit the production of very shallow- crops. lomprises lands which would fail to meet the requirements of Classes linly on account of topographic conditions Also, tbey fail to meet is of Class 4-2 lands on account of shallower soil depths as well as )graphy. This class is suitable for the production of such shallow ards as almonds and olives and for permanent pasture; however, the steep slopes would require great skill and care or relatively prinkler system installations. On the deeper phases of this class inly limitation is slope of undulation deeper rooted orchards may d. comprises lands which are generally desirable in all respects other of soil, which greatly restricts their adaptability for crops other nent pasture However, owing to their shallow depths, these lands re more frequent irrigations than preceding classes, □mprises land which fails to meet the minimum requirements of Qg classes. Lands of this class are considered unsuitable for irri- WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE 194a-i9S0 SHEET 27 OF 27 SHEETS SCALE OF MILES CLASS 4-2 □ n CLASS 4-3 OLASB 1 umpTUei lindi th(l are bi^Uy dcnrablc in every reipect lac con- tinnoii) irTi(iL«l MrrTcnllue (Dd capable of pradncmg all ctujutioll; idapud erapi. Tbe loUi are deep wilb good mrfan and labioi] drainixc of medium to lairlf Bdc leitore, and good water taolding upuity The itruclore u rocb M to pennit tt*j peoelntioD at coou, air, and wiUr, ud Ihe lands are (mDOtb lying with gentle ilope CLASS 3 conpniet ludi thai uc gencrall)' bmiled lo clunilic^i adkpltd medium deep rooted cropi. due to the leatncIiTf featnra of the Mil depth and to a minor extent on lopognphj or dTaiaagt They are weU initcd for develop- ment tinder imgatioD. OLASB a compruei laodi thai are geoerally limtted to climatically adapted ihallow-rogled cropt, due to more eitretne deflcienciei in the ml depth, mau- tDre-holding cipacily, lopogrmphy, or drainage cbarMtemlia They ut niit- able for development under itngatian, bnl Ibeir iballow nalnre may nqmie •pteial imgilioo pracliua. OLABS 4-2 (ompriMi tandj which [»il to meet Ihe etandardi for the preceding Uod clauei, eipecially mtta reffatd to topogmphic conditioiu The lymbol tSUr the -l°" DDDiber indicate! Ihe factor nhicb nmovci Ihe piMicolai parcel o[ land from tbe Claii 1 or 3 categonet. Olau 1 1t land might have all the cluTHcteriitio ol Clau 1 land eicept thnl o( lopogrjphy. or the limiting (actor ml([hl be loU depth a» well u topography u indicat*d by U These lands ore loilable throoeh jpccinl iirigalion pncticei for of certain cropj not precluded by elimalic condilioni Owing m mru muii rellinK topography, they are more nucepltble lo ennion. and greater em are under eollivalion Thni. thete lands are belt iniled tor eropi whieb can be iTTigated with fmiU beadi of water, inch « orcbarda Yineyardi, or penna »*nt paalore cropi In coarwtoitored graoilic toili mpid percolation from the root lono m the deeper lOilj may prohibit the prodncliDn of very iballow- rooted gnu cnpi 0LASS 1-3 compriMj land, which would fail lo meet the reqniremenU of Clauet 1 J or 3 mainly on acconnl of lopognphic conditioni AUo, Ibey fail to meet the lUndu-di of Claai 4-J laoda on account of shallower loil deplbi ai well ai ■teeper tojwgnpby rooted orchacdi -u almoodi and olives and for p< Irrigation on the sleep ilopes would require great eipenaiie ipnnkier lystem inilttUalioaj^ "- ■'•- d orcbari ■lope o( nnd be cultiVHted. 0LA88 ft.p comprue* lands "bich are gencraUy desirable in all resneeU Otter than depth of loa which neatly reilneU their adapubilily for cropa olbtr than perniantnt paiture However, owing to their .hallow depths, theie ludj would require more frtntieBl Irrigalioiu (ban preceding claisei, OLASa S comprisei land which falls to meet the minimum reqnlremenU of Ibe prMeding tlaises Lands of thu daai are oonndeced unioiUble for im- gulion. ^^.^— ^— WATER SERVICE AREA BOUNDARIES SURVEr OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS IN IHt AGRICULTURAL ZONE >t a. — 5 (7 n to — 2 S '8 / ^ y^ ^ ^ IB 19 20 21 22 23 24 X y' »^^ ^ y ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ y y .^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ y y e^ ^ ^ ^ y^ y^ ,<^ ^ ^' 1^ .-^ -^ ^ ^ y ^^ ^ ,^ ^ ,^ 6-- ^^ ^"^ ^ ^ ^ y -^ ,y Keystone Service Area 115 Lyons Service Area 116 Phoenix Service Area H6 Yuba County H7 Browns Valley Service Area 117 Challenge Service Area 117 Smartville Service Area 117 Strawberrv Sei'vice Area 118 (96) APPENDIX A »7 DESCRIPTION OF SERVICE AREAS AMADOR COUNTY lone Service Area Location and Physical Features. The lone Serv- ice Area comprises tliat part of Amador County lying' below a proposed foothill conduit from Nasliville Reservoir site on the Cosuiinies Kiver. A tentative location of the conduit runs from Nashville dam site south to the Mokelumne River, passing: west of Plymouth and sliglitly east of lone. The area is bounded on tlie west by Sacramento and San Joaquin Counties, on the iiortli by the Consumnes River, and on the south by the Mokelumne River. Mean seasonal depth of precipitation varies from 18 to 28 inches. Elevations range from 200 to 1,000 feet above sea level. Most of the irrigabU' lands ai-e below the 700-foot contour. Soils on the flat alluvial plains of Jackson and lone Valleys are largely of the Goldridge series-group, derived principally from the sediments of the lone formation and to a lesser extent from the Valley Springs and Mehrten formations. Considerable areas of relatively shallow recent alluvium are found along the channels of Dry and Jackson Creeks. Parallel ranges of gently to steeply rolling typical foothill topography, containing soils of the Auburn, Hugo, and Montara series-groups, traverse the eastern part of the service area. The gross land area is about 79,000 acres, of which about 48 per cent has been classified as irrigable. More than one-third of the irrigable land is rated as Class 3 or better. The lands are well concentrated in and around Jackson and lone Valleys. The service area contains 56 per cent of the irrigable land in Amador County, including nearly all of the Class 1 land, 80 per cent of the Class 2 land, and 83 per cent of the Class 3 land. The over-all suitability of the irrigable land in the lone Service Area is the highest in the entire ]\Iother l^ode Region. Present Development. About one-third of the 9,000 inhabitants of Amador County live in the lone Service Area. The principal town aiul business center is lone, with about 1,000 population. The area is served by a branch of the Soutliern Pacific Railroad from Gait to lone, and by a network of secondary state and county roads. Although the area contains a maj(n-ity of the irri- gated and cultivated lauds in Amador County, onlj- 830 acres of the gross irrigable area of 38,000 acres were under irrigation in 1948. About 4,640 acres were dry-farmed, almost exclusively to grain hay. The total cultivated acreage is about 14 per cent of the gross irrigable area. ( >thiT lauds ai-e largely devoted to dry pasture. In-igated laiuls are served by snudl iMdi\idual water supply developments along Dry Creek, and from the Cosumnes River by nu>ans of the Plymouth Ditch. The latter is dependent on the unregidated flow of the river and the sujiply is not dependable. Domestic water for the town of lone is su])|)licd from the Mokelumne River by means of the Amador Canal of the Pacific (ias and Electric Company. Jackson Service Area Location and Physical Features. This service area is located in west central Amador County be- tween Dry Creek and tlie Mokelumne River. The area extends west from the existing Amador Canal to the tentative location of a proposed canal from Nashville Reservoir on the Cosumnes River. This canal route follows approximately the 4()()-foot con- tour and passes just east of lone. Mean seasonal depth of precipitation varies from 19 to 31 inches. Elevations range from 400 to 1,800 feet above sea level. Mo.st of the irrigable lands are located in the vicinity of State Highway 49, between 1,000 and l,r)()0 feet in elevation. Topography is gently to steeply rolling throughout. Soils in the western part of the service area along the strike of the Mother Lode are of the Montara, Auburn, and Hugo series-groups, with small local granitic intrusions on which Holland soils have been developed. East of the town of Jackson the soils are almost exclusively of the Hugo series-group devel- oped on the Calaveras formation. The gross land area is about 80,000 acres, of which 13 per cent has been classified as irrigable. The lands are generally inferior in quality, with some 75 per cent being in Cla.sses 4(3) or 5(P). The irrigable lands are generally quite scattered throughout the area, except in the extreme western portion adjacent to Jackson Valley. Present Development. About one-half of the 9,000 inhabitants of Amador County reside in the Jackson Service Area. Principal towns and business centers are Jackson, the county .seat, with a popula- tion of about 2,000, and Sutter Creek, with a popu- lation of 1,150. Amador City and Drytown are otlier small centers of population. The area is served by a branch of tlie Soutliern Pacific Railroad from Gait through lone to Martell, and by a network of secondary state and county roads. Agricultural lands in tlie Jaekson Service Area are used principally for grazing. In 1948 the total cul- I 98 ST^RVEY OF MOUXTAIXorS AHEAS tivatecl arcji was only 7(10 ay afireenient with tlie East Bay Muniei)ial Utility Dis- trict, the annual diversion through the Amador Canal is limited to 15,000 acre-feet, at a maximnm rate of 80 second-feet. In 1950 the gross diversion was 6,970 acre-feet, and a snbstantial portion of that diversion was lost in conveyance throngh the unlined canal between Lake Tabeaud and the serviee area. The principal nse of water from the Amador Canal is for domestic service in Jackson, Sntter Creek, Amador City, and lone. Plymouth Service Area Location and Physical Features. The Plymouth Serviee Area is located in the north central part of Amador County, between the 8outh Fork of the Cos- umnes River and Dry Creek. The area extends from the headwaters of Dry Creek to the location of a possible conduit line from the proposed Nashville Reservoir on the Cosunnies River southerly to Dry Creek. Mean seasonal depth of in-ecipitation varies from 22 to 35 inches. Elevations range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet above sea level. The majority of the irrigable lands are below the 2,0()()-foot contour, and the largest single body of arable land is situated in Shenandoah Valley at an elevation of about 1,500 feet. Soils in the extreme western part of the area along the Mother Lode are of the Auburn and Hugo series- groups. Tn Shenandoah Valley and the surrounding area there is a zone of excellent Holland soil. The remainder of the service area east of Shenandoah Valley is composed of soils of the Hugo series-group, with a limited capping of Aiken soils on the ridge tops in the higher elevations. In Shenandoah Valley, and in the are;i around Plymouth, where most of the iri-igable lands are lo- cated, the terrain is characterized b,v moderate slopes. To|)ograpli.v in the remainder of the service area is generall.v rolling to hilly, with steep slojies along the princ'ijjal streams. The gross laud area is about -12,000 acres, of which 23 per cent is considered to be irrigable land. About two-thirds of the irrigable land is located in Shenan- doah Valle.v northeast of Plymouth and Fiddletown. Agricultural lands in that area are excellent. The I'emaiuder of the irrigable lands of the service area is widely scattered in small jiarcels. Present Development. PI.\iiiouth, a community with about -100 inhabitants, is the only imirortant settlement in the service area. Transpoi'tat ion I'eipiire- ments are met by secondary state and county roads. The nearest raili'oad connection is at the town of lone, about 12 miles southwest of Plynu)uth. Agricultural (levelopmeiit in the Plymouth Service Area is considerable, inchuling most of the vineyards and about one-half of the orchards in Amador County. In 1948, onl.v 40 acres of the gross irrigable ai-ea of 9,860 acres were under irrigation. The total cultivated area was 1,750 acres. The only existing water sujijily of significance is fui-nished through the Plymouth Ditch, diverting fi'om the Middle and South Forks of the Cosumues River, and serving for domestic use in the town of Plymouth and for a snudl amount of irrigation in that vicinity. The ditch is dependent upon the un- regulated runoff of the Cosumnes River and there- fore does not produce a dependable water supply. Volcano Service Area Location and Physical Features. This service area is located in central Amador County, between Dry Creek and the North Fork of the Mokelumne River, extending from the existing Amador Canal to the east boundary of Range 13 East, M. D. B. & M. Mean seasonal depth of precipitation varies from 23 to 50 inches. Elevations range from 1,500 to 4,000 feet above sea level, but most of the irrigable land is located below the 3,000-foot contour. Soils in the area are of the Hugo series-group, ex- cej)t where ridge tops are capjied with more recent volcanic material on which Aiken soils have been de- veloj)ed. The latter form the jirincipal lands suitable for agricultui-al developnu^it. The topography is generally hilly to mountainous, but slopes on the bi'oad ridges between local streams are fairly gentle. The gross land area is about 76,000 acres, about 12 per cent of which is classified as irrigable land. The irrigable lands are of fairly good (juality, being about evenly divided between Classes 4(2) and 4(3). The irrigable lands occur in rather large parcels atop the ridges between the deejily intrenched local streams. Present Development. The \'olcaiu) Service Area is s]iarsely po|)ulated. The lai'g(>st settlement is the town of Volcano, with about 300 inhabitants. Access to the ai-ea is |)rovided by a network of secondary state and count.y roads. In 1!14S, the total cultivated area was 340 acres. This included 30 acres under irrigation, which repre- sented less than four i>er cent of the gross irrigable area of 9,240 aci-es. Pi'incipal nse of the land. is for stock grazing i)Ui-poses. The service area has no de])endable water su])plies for irrigation jnir]ioses at ])resent. AI'PEXDIX A !)!) BUTTE COUNTY Bidwell Service Area Location and Physical Features. The liidwcll Service Area is located in Butte County between the South and Middle Forks of the Feather River, and extends to a point about five miles east of Feather Falls. Mean seasonal depth of i)i-ecipitation varies from 4U to 73 inches. P]levati()us rau forks to the vicinity of the Brush Creek Ranger Station. Meau seasonal depth of precipitation varies from 33 to 70 inches. Elevations range from .")()0 to 4.000 feet above sea level, with most of tiie irrigable land situated above the 2,000-foot contour. Soils of the Holland series-group cover virtuall.v all of the ea.stern half of the area. Small zones of Mon- tara or Aiken soils Ofcur. The west(M-n part of the service area is covered exclusively- by soils of the Auburn series-group. The ma.joi-ity of tiie irrigable lands have soils of the llollautl series-grouj). The terrain varies from steep and rugged along the canyons of the North and Middle Forks of the Feather River, to rolling and hilly on to]) of the ridge between the two streiinis. Timber (-(n-er is fairly- heavy throughout. The gross land area is about ."il.OOO acres, about 10 per cent of which is classified as irrigable land. About .")7 ])er cent of the irrigable land is rated Class 4(2), and \irtuall\- all the ri'uiainder is rated Class 4(3). 100 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS Two siiip'lp bodies of land account for more than half tile total irritable area. One of these parcels is located in the vicinity of the Brush Creek Ranger Station, and the other is situated alonf>' the left bank of Berry Creek above Lake ^ladrone. Other afiricultural lands are generally scattered in fairly small i)areels. Present Development. The small jtopulation of the Buckeye Service Area is completely rural in character, with no towns of more than a few score in- habitants. The area is served by the .state highway from Oro- ville to Quincy, by secondary county roads, and by the main line of the Western Pacific Railroad, which follows the North Pork of the Feather River. The land classification and land use survey con- ducted in 1948 listed a gross irrigable area of 5,200 acres, only about six per cent of w-hieh was under cultivation. Most of the cultivated land was devoted to irrigated pasture. Present water supplies are obtained by individual developments ou local creeks. Lake Matlrone on Berry Creek has a storage capacity of 500 acre-feet. Chico Service Area Lpcation and Physical Features. This service area is located in northwestern Butte County between Big Chico Creek and Butte Creek, and extends from the vicinity of Chico to a point about two miles north of Forest Ranch and De Sabla. Mean seasonal depth of precipitation varies from 28 to 59 inches. Elevations range from 400 to 3,000 feet above sea level, with the majority of the irrig- able lands situated above the 2,000-foot contour. In the upper part of the service area, where most of the irrigable lands are located, soils of the Aiken series-group predominate. Soils of the Auburn series- group cover most of the lower part of the area. Long narrow zones of Hugo soils extend from the northern limit of the area almost to the southern boundary. Topographically, the Chico Service Area may be described as a system of three well-intrenched parallel streams separated by narrow ridges. In the iipper part of the area the canyons of Big Chico Creek and Butte Creek are more than 1,000 feet deep. Little Chico Creek, located between the other two streams, is le.ss deeply intrenched. The gross land area is about 38,000 acres, less than 10 per cent of which is classified as irrigable. The over-all quality of the agi'icultural land is fairly good, more than 71 per cent of the gross irrigable area being rated Class 4(2) or better. The bulk of the irrigable land occurs in two large parcels located in the vicinity of Forest Ranch. Present Development. The small population of the Chico Service Area is completely rural in charac- ter. The area is serviced by a .secondary state highway and bv count v roads. The land classification and land use survey eon- ducted in 1948 listed a gross irrigable area of 3,700 acres, less than 300 acres of which were cultivated, in- cluding a few acres of irrigated orchard. Orchards and grain hay were tlu' principal dry-farmed crops, and some land was used for dry pasture. Deer Creek Service Area Location and Physical Features. The Deer Creek Service Area is located in northwest lUitte County be- tween Big Chico Creek and the Tehama county line, and extends from the vicinity of Chico northeast to Anderson jMill. Mean seasonal depth of percijiitation varies from 27 to 61 inches. Elevations range from 400 to 3,500 feet above sea level, with the majority of the irrigable land situated above the 2,000-foot contour. Soils of the Aiken series-group cover the iipper portion of the service area where most of the irrigable lands are located. In the southern portion, soils of the Auburn series-group predominate. The area is cut by numerous creeks, and the terrain is generally choppy and hilly throughout, although slopes are moderate atop some of the ridges where the bulk of the irrigable land is situated. The gro.ss land area is about 48,000 acres, about 10 per cent of which is classified as irrigable. The over-all qualit.v of the agricultural land is fairly good, more than 80 per cent of the gross irrigable area being rated Class 4(2). Almost all of the irrigable land is con- centrated in the Keefer Ridge district between An- derson j\Iill and Cohasset. Present Development. The Deer Creek Service Area is a thinly populated rural district, with no towns of more than a few score inhabitants. The re- sort of Richardson Springs, near the lower boundary of the area, has a population of about 100. Access to the area is provided by secondary county roads. The land classification and land use survey con- ducted in 1948 listed a gross irrigable area of 4,800 acres, less than 200 acres of which were cultivated, principally in deciduous orchards. No land was irri- gated and only a few huiulred acres were used for dry pasture. Magalia Service Area Location and Physical Features. This service area is located in north central Butte Count.y between Butte Creek on the west and the "West Branch of the Feather River and the Miocene Canal on the east, and extends from the vicinity of Durham north to Stirling City. Mean seasonal depth of precipitation varies from 28 to 72 inches. Elevations range from 400 to 3,000 feet above sea level, with the majority of the irrigable land situated above the 1,500-foot contour. Soils of the Hugo series-group predominate at the highest elevations, and occur in nari-ow zones of APPENDIX A im limited extent at the intermediate elevations where soils of the Aiken series-group are the predominant type. Virtually all of the soils in the lowei- portion of the area are of the Auburn series-pi-ouji. Tlie lower part of the Jlagalia Service Area is ent by numerous creeks into a pattern of fairly deep can- yons and narrow ridges. Above the l,5()0-foot level, between the canyons of Butte Creek and West P>ranch of the Feather River, there is a broad ridge extending to the upper limits of tlie service area. In the vicinity of Paradise the ridge is about five miles wide, and slopes are moderate. As elevation increases, the ridge becomes narrower and slopes become some- wliat steeper. The great majority of the iri'igal)lc land in the service area is located on the Paradise Kidgc. The gross land area is abotit 85,000 acres, almost 23 per cent of which is classified as irrigable land. The over-all quality of the agricultural land is fairly good, more than 70 per cent of the gross irrigable area being rated Class 4(2) or better. In the area north of the Paradise Irrigation District the irrigable lands are predominantly Class 4(2), and are well concentrated. Inside the Paradise Irrigation District the irrigable land is concentrated in one large body, consisting principally of Class 4(2) and 4(3) lands, with the former type predominating. Most of the Class 2, 3, and 5(P) lands are located at tlie lower elevations south of the irrigation district boundary, and are somewhat scattered in occurrence. Present Development. The Magalia Service Area is one of the most populous in the entire Mother Lode Region, ilost of the population is concentrated in the Paradise Irrigation District in the central part of the area. There is no incorporated town in the district, yet about 6,000 people live within the district bound- aries. The area is served by a bi-anch of the Southern Pacific Railroad, and by secondary .state and county roads. Tlie land classification and land use survey con- ducted ill 1948 showed a gross irrigable area of 19,- 400 acres, of which approximately 3,000 acres were cultivated, including 1,900 acres under irrigation. Virtually all of the agricultural development is con- fined to the Paradise Irrigation District. Agricultural lands in the district are distributed in small holdings, the majority of the tracts being from two to five acres in size. Apple-growing is the major agricultural ac- tivity, although a variety of fruits, nuts, and truck crops are grown in small quantities. In the area north of the Paradise Irrigation District little use is made of the irrigable lands. South of the district, most of the agricultural lands are used for dry pasture, but there are a few plots of irrigated pasture and orchards, and some grain hay is raised. The Paradise Irrigation District obtains its water supply from Magalia Reservoir on Little P>utte Creek. The reservoir has a stoi-age capacity of 3,540 acre-feet. Distribution of water within the district is accom- ))lishc(l largely by l)ipe lines. Wyandotte Service Area Location and Physical Features. Tlic Wyandotte Service Area is located in southeastci-n liiitte County between the South Fori; of the Feather River and the Yuba county line, and extends from Lost Creek Reservoir on the east to the route of a jjossible south canal from the ]ii'oposed Oroville Reservoir. Tlie canal would divert from the Feather River near Oroville, and its route would jiass about two miles west of Palermo and continue in a slightly southeasterly di- rection to the Yuba county Ijnundarx', passing about one mile east of Iloncut. Mean seasonal depth of precii)il;if ion varies from 24 to 73 inches. Elevations range lioni 100 to 4,000 feet above .sea level, with a large majority of the ir- rigable lands situated below tiie l,()0()-foot contour. As elevation increases the topograpiiy varies from flat to rolling and hilly, becoming steep and i-ugycd in tlic extreme eastern part of the area. In the eastern portion of the Wyandotte Service Area, above 1,500 feet in elevation, alternate zones of soils of the Aiken, Holland, and ]Montara series- groups occur. Soils of the Holland and Auburn series- groups dominate the central part of the area. In the western portion, .soils are about evenly divided be- tween the Auburn and Gold ridge- Vallecitos series- groups and various alluvial types. The gross land area is about 117,000 acres, some 29 per cent of which is cla.ssified as ii-rigable. About 60 per cent of th(> irrigable land is rated Class 4(3) or 5(P), and most of the remainder is rated Class 4(2). Below the 1,000-foot contour the irrigable lands are somewhat scattered in occurrence, although they exist in large parcels. In the central portion of the service area the irrigable lands occur generally in small widely separated parcels, while in the highest part of the area they are fairly well concentrated. Present Development. Most of the service area is sparsely populated, with no towns of more than one or two hundred inhabitants. In the extreme western portion, however, there is a substantial urban and suburban population in and around the City of Oroville. The population within the Oroville city limit is about 5,400, and it is estimated that at least an equal number live in the suburban Oroville- Palermo-Wyandotte region. The service area is served by the main line of the Western Pacific Railroad, and by state highways and county I'oads. The laud classification and land use survey con- ducted in 1948 listed a gross irrijzable area of 34.000 acres, about 5, .300 acres of which were cultivated, including 4,000 acres under irrigaticm. Virtually all of the cidtivated and irrigated lands are located in the western part of the area, in and around the Oro- ville-AVyandotte Irrigation District. The principal 102 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS irrifjated croiJS in order of importance are olives, cit- rns fruits, and pasture. In the eastern part of the service area the principal use of the irrigable lands is for dry pasture, although some prrain hay is raised for stock feed. Present water supplies are furnished by the Oro- ville-AVyandotto Irriization District by storage and diversion from the Soi^th Fork of the Feather River. The Forbestown Ditch diverts from Lost Creek Reser- voir, with a storage capacity of 5,200 acre-feet, and extends through the upper part of the service area to Lake Wyandotte, a regulating reservoir with a storage capacity of 1,300 acre-feet. The Palermo Ditch diverts from the South Fork of the Feather River a short distance upstream from Enterprise. In 1949 the irrigation district reported a gross diversion of 28,000 acre-feet. CALAVERAS COUNTY Bear Mountain Service Area Location and Physical Features. This service area is located in southwest Calaveras County be- tween Gopher Ridge on the west and Bear Mountain Ridge on the east, and extends southerl.v from the vicinity of Hogan Reservoir and the Calaveras River to the Stanislaus River. Mean seasonal depth of precipitation varies from 19 to 28 inches. Elevations range from 700 to 2,600 feet above sea level, but the majority of the irrigable lands are between tlie 1,000- and 1,500-foot contours. The topography is hilly to mountainous, except in the flat Salt S]5rings Valley wliere about one-half the ir- rigable lands is concentrated. Soils are almost exclusively of the Auburn and Hugo series-groups, with minor areas of igneous in- trusions on which Holland and Montara soils have been developed. The latter soils, in the southern por- tion of the area, are part of the largest serpentine zone in the Mother Lode Region, which zone con- tinues southerly across Tuolumne County to the Tuol- umne River. The gross land area is about 94,000 acres, of which approximately 23 per cent is classified as irrigable land. Almost two-thirds of the gross irrigable area is defined as Class 5(P) land, and about 18 per cent has been placed in Class 2. Other than in Salt Springs Valley, the irrigable lands are widely scattered. Present Development. Copi)eropolis, at one time an active mining center, is the only community within the service area, and has a present population of about 300 inhabitants. Access to the area is provided by a network of secondary state and county roads. The land classification and land use survey con- ducted in 1948 showed no irrigated lands. However, a considerable area in Salt Springs Valley, near the reservoir of the same name, receives subirrigation. About 1,000 acres were planted to grain and hay crops. The remainder of the irrigable lands was de- voted to dry pasture and range. The runolf from the entire service area is con- trolled in Salt Springs Valley Reservoir on Rock Creek, and is used on foothill lands in Stanislaus County. The town of Copperopolis receives domestic water supplies from a small reservoir on Penney Creek, a tributaiy of the Stanislaus River. Calaveras Service Area Location and Physical Features. The Calaveras Service Area is located in central Calaveras County between the North Fork of the Calaveras River and San Domingo Creek, and extends easterly from Jenny Lind on the Calaveras River to the headwaters of that stream. Mean seasonal depth of precipitation varies from 21 to 52 inches. Elevations range from 700 to 4,500 feet above sea level. However, most of the irrigable lands are below the 3,000-foot contour, and are widely scattered throughout the service area. The soils are extremelj' variable. In the western part of the service area, soils of the Auburn and Hugo series-groups predominate in a complex pat- tern. To the east the soils of the Hugo series-group, developed on the Calaveras formation, are the more common. However, there are many local areas, par- ticularl.y in the higher elevations, containing soils of the Holland and Aiken series-groups. The Calaveras Service Area is dissected by the numerous east-west trending, deeply entrenched tributaries of the Calaveras River. The irrigable lands are therefore discontinuous, and exi.st largely on the ridges between those tributary streams. The gross land area is about 155,000 acres, of which 11 per cent is classified as irrigable. Of the gross irrigable area of 16,700 acres, more than one-half consists of Classes 4(3) and 5(P), and the greater portion of the remainder is Class 4(2) land. Present Development. About 20 per cent of the population of Calaveras County resides in this service area. The principal town is San Andreas, the county seat, with about 1,500 inhabitants. The area is served by a branch line of the Southern Pacific Railroad which terminates at the Calaveras Cement Company plant near San Andreas, and by a good network of state and eount.v roads. In 1948 there were 230 acres under irrigation, chiefly in irrigated pasture, and an additional 720 acres were dry-farmed to grain hay crops and a few orchards. The Calaveras Public Utility District, which diverts water from the Middle and South Forks of the Stanislaus River, serves domestic water supplies to the town of San Andreas, and to the Calaveras Cement Comjiany. There are a number of small-scale APPENDIX A 103 water stoi-ag'e clevelo])iiieiit.s on various tributaries of the Calaveras River, whieh divert throuRli old iniuin\it l()(i SURVEY OP MOUxXTAIXOUS AREAS 10,000 acre-feet. The present supply is iiiadeiiuate to satisfy present demands for water, botli domestic and irrifration. Latrobe Service Area Location and Physical Features. The Latrobe Service Area is located in southwest El Dorado County, extending' from a possible canal route north from the proposed Nashville Reservoir on the Cosum- nes River to the Sacramento county boundary. The canal route extends ■generally northwest from the Nashville dam site, passing' sliglitly west of Latrobe and Cothrin, and reaching the Sacramento county line in the vicinity of Clarksville. Mean seasonal depth of precipitation varies from 21 to 27 inches. Elevations range from 400 to 900 feet above sea level. The terrain is rolling to hilly, with sparse cover. The majority of the soils in the service area are of the Auburn series-group. Limited zones of soils of the Hugo and Montara series-groups are also rep- resented. The gross land area is about 20,000 acres, ajiproxi- mately one-third of which is classified as irrigable. The over-all suitability of the irrigable lauds is poor, almost 80 per cent being rated Class 4(3) or 5(P). Most of the irrigable lands are fairly well concen- trated in the lower part of the area along tlie Sac- ramento county boundary. Present Development. Tiu' Latrobe Service Area is sparsely populated. Latrobe, a community of about 225 inhabitants, and Clarksville with about 200, are the only towns of recordable size. The area is served by a branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad from Sacramento to Placerville, and by secondary county roads. The land classification and land use survey eon- ducted in 1949 showed a gross irrigable area of ti.GOO acres, and a total cultivated area of less than 200 acres, all in dry farms. The cultivated lands were planted to grain hay. Other agricultural lands in use were devoted to dry pasture. Placerville Service Area Location and Physical Features. This service area is located in El Dorado County between the South Fork of the American River and the North Fork and main stream of the Cosumnes River. The area extends from the vicinity of Pacific on the east to the Sacramento county boundary on the northwest, and to the route of a possible canal extending north- westerl.y from the proposed Nashville Reservoir to near Folsom Reservoir. Mean seasonal depth of j^recipitation varies from 24 to 44 inches. Elevations range from 400 to 4,000 feet above sea level, with the majority of the irrigable lands situated between 1,500 and 3,000 feet in eleva- tion. To])ography varies from the rolling foothill type at the lower elevations to mountainous terrain in the eastern portion. East of Placerville, soils of the Aiken series- group predominate, although limited zones of soils of the Holland and Hugo series-groups also occur. West of Placerville, soils of the Auburn series-group pre- dominate, but large areas of soils belonging to the Holland series-group and to the Hugo- Auburn com- plex occur, and there are small local zones of Mon- tara soils. The gross land area is about 238,000 acres, 21 per cent of which is classified as irrigable land. The irri- gable lands are of fairly good quality, more than half the gross irrigable area being rated Class 4(3) or better. Within the El Dorado Irrigation District the agricultural lands are fairly well concentrated. In the remainder of the sei'vice area, however, they are widely dispersed, but they do occur generally in rather large parcels. Present Development. Tlie present population of the Placerville Service Area is estimated to be more than 10,000. The largest town and business center is Placerville, with a population of 3,750, the county seat. Transportation facilities are excellent. A branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad connects Placerville with Sacramento, and U. S. Highway 50 traverses the long axis of the area. A good network of secondary roads provides adequate access to other parts of the area. The laud classification and land use survey con- ducted in 1949 showed a gross irrigable area of 50,900 acres, of which 8,600 acres were cultivated, including 6,000 acres under irrigation. Virtually all of the irrigated lands were in the El Dorado Irrigation Dis- trict, located in the north central jiart of the service area in the vicinity of Placerville. Pear orchards ac- counted for the majority of the irrigated acreage. The principal crops grown on the dry-farmed lauds were grain hay and orcliards. Other agricultural lands were devoted to dry pasture. Until recently, the El Dorado Irrigation District obtained the bulk of its water supply from the South Pork of the American River by means of facilities of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. A small quantity of water was also diverted from the unregu- lated flow of the Nortli Fork of the Cosumnes River, and a limited supplj^ was obtained from a small reser- voir on Webber Creek. However, in 1954 the district more than doubled its former water supply when the Sly Park Project on the North Fork of the Cosumnes River was completed. The district furnishes dohiestic and municipal water to the towns of Placerville and Camino, and to other domestic users along the route of the El Dorado Canal. The average seasonal water APPENDIX A 107 siii)ply available to the district at present is ahniit 15,()()() acre-feet. Youngs Service Area Location and Physical Features. This service area is located in El Dorado County between the North and Middle Forks of the Costnnnes Kiver and M-est of the Eldorado National Forest. Mean seasonal depth of precipitation varies from 28 to 46 inches. Elevations ranse from 1,000 to 4,000 feet above sea level, with most of the irrifiahle lands situ- ated between the 2,000- and :5,000-foot levels. The ter- rain is hilly to mountainous, with a fairly heavy cover of timber and brush. Slopes atop the ridg-e between the South and Middle Forks of the Cosumnes Kiver . are moderate. The majority of tlie soils in tlie servii'c area are of the Holland serie.s-pjroiip. In the extreme western and eastern portions, soils of the Aiken series-oroup occur. The o-reat majority of the irrigable lands, however, have soils of the Holland series-group. The gross land area is about 46,000 acres, about 16 l)er cent of whicli is classified as irrigable land. The irrigable lands are generally poor in quality, about two-thirds of them being rated Class 4(3) land. The remainder is rated Cla.ss 4(2) land. Most of the irri- gable lauds are fairly well grouped in the vicinity of Coles, Youngs, and Grizzly Flat. Present Development. Tlie Yoiuigs Sci-vice Area is sparsely populated, with few communities of more than a hundred or so inhabitants. Transportation fa- cilities consist of secondary county roads in generally poor condition. The land classification and land use survey con- ducted in 1949 showed a gross irrigable area of 7,400 acres, including about ].")() acres under cultivation. No lands were irrigated. Cultivated lands were devoted princijially to grain hay and orchards. Other lands were used for .stock grazing, or were not in use at all. MARIPOSA COUNTY Baxter Service Area I Location and Physical Features. Tlie liaxter Service Area is located in northwest ilariposa County and northeast ilerced County, between the :Merced River on tlie south and the Tuolumne and Stanislaus county boundaries on the north, and extends from the vicinity of Coulterville to a proposed foothill conduit line. This conduit route is located in :\rerced County at distances varying from three to six miles west of the Mariposa county line. Mean .seasonal depth of precipitation varies fnmi 14 to 26 inches. Elevations range from 400 to 2..")00 feet above sea level, with virtually all of the irrigable land situated below the 1,500-foot contour. The top- ography is generally rolling to hilly, with large areas of open grasslands at the lower elevations. In the :Marii)osa County portion of the service area, soils are of the Hugo and Auburn series-groups, the latter type |)redominating. Along the western boundary of the ai-ea in ilerced County, however, .soils arc of the (ioldridge and Vallecitos series-groups. A .small zone of alluvial types of soil borders the ^Merced liiver. The gross land area is al)oiit .">,S,()()0 acri's, of which approximately 1.') per cent is classified as irrigable land. Slightly more than half the irrigable land is in Jlerced County, which contains only 34 per cent of the gross area of the service area. The irrigable land.s are generally poor in i|nalily, more than 71 |)er I'ent being rated as Classes 5(P) and 4(3). .Mo.st of the better types are in the Merced (Vninty section. The pattern of irrigable land is one of wide dispersion throughout the area. Present Development. I'he Baxter Service Area is very sparsely populated, ilerced Falls, a town of about 800 population, is the only settlement of any eonseciuence. The area is served by secondary state and county roads. According to the land u.se and land classification survey conducted in 1949, about 700 acres wei-e culti- vated, including 390 acres under irrigation. All of the irrigated lands and virtually all of the remaining cultivated lands were in Merced Countv. Th<' irri-ati'd lands were in pasture, and the dry-farmed lands' were planted almost exclusively to grain hay. Other agri- cultural lauds in use were devoted to cattle grazi'iig. The present water supplies within the service area are obtained by small individual developments on local .streams. Chowchilla Service Area Location and Physical Features. Tins service area may be described generally as that part of the Chowchilla River watershed within Mariposa County. It occupies a long, narrow strip of southern ilariposa County, extending from the vicinity of De^•ils Peak on the east to a proposed foothill conduit line on the west. Since this conduit route is locatetl slightly west of the Mariposa-Merced county boundary, the service area includes a .small zone in Merced County. Mean seasonal depth of precipitation varies from 12 to 39 inches. Elevations range from 400 to 5,000 feet above sea level, with about one-third of the ir- rigable land situated between 2,500 and 3,500 feet, and the balance at lower elevations. The topography is generally rolling to hilly, with no rugged slopes except in tlie extreme eastern part of the area. Virtually all of the .soils in the service area are of the Hugo or Holland series-groups, the latter tyjie predominating in the eastern section and the former covering the western portion of the area. Soils of the Auburn series-group occur in small zones in the cen- tral ])ortion. and a narrow strip of soils of the (iol,|- 108 ST'RVEY OF MOUNTAlXors AREAS ^i(ie bodies east of Uoniitos and another in tlie Catliay Valley. Present Development. The popnlation of tlie service area is scattered and sparse, llornitos, a coni- miinity of some 200 inhabitants, is the larjjest settle- ment. The area is served by the all-year hisliway from Merced to Yosemite National Park, and by secondary connty roads. The land classification and land use survey con- ducted in 1949 showed a gross irrigable area of 18,600 acres, none of which was irrigated, and less than 200 acres of which was cultivated in dry farms. Most of the cultivated area was planted to grain hay. The principal use of the irrigable lands was for dry jiasture. Mariposa Service Area Location and Physical Features. The Mariposa Service Area is located in central Mariposa County south of the Merced River, and extends from the vicinity of Mariposa and Briceberg northwest to Exchequer Reservoir. Mean seasonal depth of i^recipitation varies from 21 to 37 inches. Elevations range from 1,000 to 3,500 feet above sea level, with most of the irrigable lands situated below the 2,500-foot contour. The soil pattern in the service area is characterized by alternating zones of the Auburn and lingo series- groups, with a large area of Aiken soils in the north- east section and a smaller area of soils of the Holland series-group in the southwest section. The topograph.v is fairly rugged throughout a large part of the service area. With the exception of the Bear Valley di.strict, areas where slopes are moderate are of very limited extent. The gi-oss land area is about 113,000 acres, of which only four per cent is classified as irrigable land. More than 81 per cent of the irrigable lands are rated as Class 4(3) or 5(P), the poorest ty]ics, and they are badly scattered in small parcels throughout the service area. Present Development. The principal town and business center in the Mariposa Service Area is Mari- posa, the county seat, a community of about 650 in- habitants. The remainder of the service area is sparsely settled. The area is served by the all-year highway from Merced to Yosemite National Park, and by secondary connecting roads. The land classification and land use survey con- ducted in 1949 showed a gross irrigable area of 4,800 acres. Less than 200"acres were cultivated, including a few small irrigated plots. The principal crops grown were grain hay and deciduous orchard. The irrigable lands were used primarily for cattle grazing. Pi'esent water supplies in the service area are ob- tained fi-om small dexclopnieiits of local streams, and I'roiii wells and springs. Whife Rock Service Area Location and Physical Features. This service area is located in southwest .Mariposa County between the Owens Creek watershed on the -tli and the Chowchilla River watershed on the south, and extends from the vicinity of ,Aloore Hill on the cast to a ]iro- |)osed foothill conduit line on the west. This conduit route is located within a mile or so of the boundary between Mariposa and Merced Counties. Most of the service area is within the Mai-ii)osa (h-eek watershed. Mean seasonal dc])th of precipitation varies from 13 to 22 inches. Elevations range from 400 to 2,600 feet above sea level, but most of the iri-igable lands are situated below the 1,000-foot contour. Virtually all of the soils in the .service area belong to tile Hugo series-group. There is a small zone of soils of the Auburn series-group in the eastern por- tion, and a very narrow strip of the Goldi-idge-Val- lecitos series-groups along the extreme Avestern limit of the area. The topography is generally hilly thi-onghout the area, but slopes are quite flat along the western boundary and in the district just east of White Rock Mountain. These are the zones where the irrigable laud is situated. The gross land area is about 57,000 acres, less than nine per cent of which is classified as irrigable. About two-thirds of the ii-rigable lands are rated as Class 4(3) or 5(P). Mo.st of the irrigable lands are located along Ganns Creek and lower Mariposa Creek in fairly large contiguous parcels. Present Development. The service area is virtu- ally uninhabited, with no settlements of recordable size anywhere in the area. A network of secondary county roads provides adequate access to the area. The land classification and land use survey con- ducted in 1949 showed a gross irrigable area of 4.900 acres, with less than 400 acres cultivated, including about 50 acres of irrigated pasture. The dry-farmed lands were planted in grain and hay. Most of the other irrigable lands were used for dry pa.sture. Present water supplies in the service area are ob- tained from small dcvelo|mients of local creeks, and from domestic and stock-watering wrils. NEVADA COUNTY Grass Valley Service Area Location and Physical Features. The Grass Val- ley Service Area is located in Nevada County between the Bear River and the South Fork of the Yuba River, and extends from the Yuba county boundary to a point about five miles east of Nevada Citv. The 110 SURVEY OP MOUXTAIXOUS AREAS service area constitutes the Nevada County unit of tlie Nevada Irrigation District. Mean seasonal deptli of precipitation varies from 26 to 63 inches. Elevations range from 300 to 3,500 feet above sea level. The terrain is generally liilly throughout most of the service area, but slopes are moderate along local streams and atop many of the ridges. The soil pattern in the service area is highly vari- able. Major soils are those of the Aiken, Auburn, and Holland series-groups. Aiken soils predominate in the eastern portion of the area. Auburn soils cover Avest of the central and southwest portions, and Holland soils occupy the northwest portion except for a large zone of Auburn soils along the Yuba county line north of Dry Creek. In the locality directly north- Avest of Gi'Hss Valley there is a complex pattern con- sisting of limited zones of soils of the Aiken, Holland, and Montara series-groups, and inclnding small areas of alluvial soils. The gross land area is about 219,000 acres, 24 per cent of which is classified as irrigable land. The over- all quality of the irrigable lands is only fair, about 62 per cent of the total irrigable area being rated Class 4(3). Most of the remainder is described as Class 4(2). In general, the irrigable lands are widely dis- persed in occurrence. In the vicinity of Penn Vallej' and in the Nevada City-Grass Valley-Chicago Park region, however, they are fairly well concentrated. Almost 5,000 acres of irrigable land in the extreme Ave.stern part of the service area are inside the Camp Beale Military Reservation. None of these lands on the reservation are irrigated at present, and it is possible that, due to military restrictions, none will be irrigated at any time in the future. Present Development. Grass Valley and Nevada City, the largest towns in Nevada County, are lo- cated in the eastern part of the service area. Nevada City, the county seat, has a poinilation of 2,500. and Grass Valley has 5,300. The rural and suburban pop- ulation of the service area is substantial, particularly in the Nevada City-Grass Valley region. Adequate transportation facilities are provided by a good net- work of state and county roads. Due to the development and operation of the Nevada Irrigation District, the service area is one of the most imjiortant agricultural districts in the entire Mother Lode Region. The land classification and land use survey conducted in 1949 showed a gross irrigable area of 52,000 acres, of which about 6,500 acres were under iri'igation. Pasture and orchards were the principal irrigated crops, the former accounting for about 75 per cei.t of the total. The area cultivated in dry farms was insignificant, but a large part of the noiu'ultivated agricultural land was used I'or dry ])asture. Present water supplies for irrigation and domestic use in the service area are furnished by the Nevada Irrigation District. The district has an extensive stor- age and diversion system on the Middle Fork of the Yuba River, Canyon Creek, Deer Creek, and the Bear River. Hydroelectric energy is produced and disposed of by contract with the Pacific Gas and Electric Com- pany. Spaulding Service Area Location and Physical Feattires. This service area is located in Nevada County between the Bear River and the South Fork of the Yuba River and east of the Nevada Irrigation District. Mean seasonal dejitli of ])recipitation varies from 48 to 68 inches. Elevations range from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above sea level, with virtually all of the irrigable lands situated above the 3,000-foot contour. The topograjihy is hilly to mountainous, with a fairly heavy timber cover, and there are moderate slopes atop the ]irincii)al ridges. Soils of the Aiken series-group cover most of the service ai-ea. Alluvial soils and soils of the Holland and Montara series-groups occur in local zones of very limited extent. The gross land area is about 40,000 acres, less than nine per cent of which is classified as irrigable. The irrigable lands are of fair quality, almost 57 per cent being rated class 4(2). The remainder is rated Class 4(3). More than half the irrigable lands are fairly well concentrated in the Harmony Ridge District, and most of the remaining arc located a short distance east of Banner Hill. Present Development. The pojjnlation of tin? Spaulding Service Area is sparse and scattered, and there are no towns of recordable size. Transportation facilities consist of a fairly good network of state and county roads. The land classification and land use survey con- ducted in 1949 showed a gross irrigable area of 3,400 acres, with none under irrigation, and only a few acres cultivated in dry farms. Tyler Service Area Location and Physical Features. The Tyler Serv- ice Area is located in Nevada County between the South and Middle Forks of the Yuba River, and ex- tends east from the confluence of the forks to the vicinity of North Bloomfield. ileau seasonal depth of jirecipitation \aries from 36 to 65 inches. Elevations range from 600 to 4,000 feet above sea level, with the majority of the irrigable lands situated between the 1,500- and 3,()00-foot levels. The topography is fairly rugged along the canyons of the Middle and South Porks of the Yuba River, but sloi^es atoj) the broad ridge between the two streams are moderate. APPENDIX A In the I'tisti'i'ii half of tlie service area soils of tlie Aiken series-g:roup predominate, but small /ones of alluvial soils and of Montara soils also oeenr. Soils of the Holland series-f>ronp cover most of the western half of the area. Limited zones of soils of the Aiken series-group exist, and there is one small zone where alluvial soils are found. The fjross land area is about .")7.()(l() acres, seven per cent of which is classified as ii-rigalile. More than 75 per cent of the irrigable lands are rated as Class 4(3) or 5(P), and virtually all of the remainder is rated Class 4(2). The irrigable lands occur iu small ])arcels, widely dispei"sed throughout the service area. Present Development. The Tyler .Service Area is sparsely popidated, with no communities of more than a hundred or so inhabitants. The area is adequately served by secondary state and county roads. I The land classification and land iise sur-vey eon- ducted in 194!) showed a gross irrigable area of 4,000 acres, with less than 200 acres luider cultivation. .Most of the cultivated land was in ii-rigated jiasture. The only other utilizatio)i of irrigable lauds was for dry i)asture. AVater supplies for the small area presently Tinder irrigation is obtained by small individual develop- ments on local .streams. lln-oughoul the area, with I lie iiia,joi'it.\- of the better types located above the IJ.OOO-l'oot level. Present Development. The Colfax Service Area is one of the most populous in the entire Mother Lode Region. The pririci|ial town and business center is Auburn, with a i)opidation of about 4,700, the county .seat of Placer County. Other towns of note are Colfax, Gold Run, Dutch Flat, and AVeimar. The area has a substantial rural and suburban i)oi)inatioii. The area is served by V. S. Highway 40, and b.\- the main line of the Southern I'aeilie Railroad. In addition to these major ti'anscontinental arteries, the area is served by a nundjer of secondary roads. The land classification and land use survey cou- dtu-ted in 1949 showed a gro.ss irrigable area of L'),400 acres, of which 4,400 acres were cultivated inclmling about 3,700 acres under irrigation. Cultivated lands, both irrigated and nonirrigated, were devoted jn-in- I'ipally to deciduotis orchards. Present irrigation and domestic water s\i])plies for the service area are furnished by the Pacific Gas and Electric Com]iany by means of the Bear Kiver Canal and the Boardman Canal. The company develops water from the Yuba, Bear, and American Rivers for use in its Bear Kiver hydroelectric system, and for irrigation a)id domestic use in Placer Conntv. PLACER COUNTY Colfax Service Area Location and Physical Features. This service ai-ea is located in Placer County between the Bear Kiver and the North Fork of the American River, and extends southwest from the vicinity of Blue Canyon to the boundary of the Placer County unit of the Nevada Irrigation Disti'ict in the vicinity of Auburn. I Mean .seasonal depth of precipitation varies from .30 to 61 inches. Elevations range from 750 to 4.500 feet above sea level, with about 75 per cent of the irrigable lands situated below the 3,000-foot contour. In the upper half of the service area, where about one-third of the irrigable lands are located, soils of the Aiken series-group predominate, and limited zones of soils of the Holland and ^lontara series- I groups occur. In the lower half of the area, the soils are about ef(ually divided between the Hugo and tlu' Auburn series-groujis and the Hugo-Aidiui'u comjilex. Tojiography varies from mountainous and precipitous along the deep canyons of the Bear Hiver and the North Fork of the American l!i\'er to i-olling and hilly atop the ridge between the two streams. The gross land area is about 90,000 acres, about 17 I per cent of which is classified as irrigable. About two- thirds of the irrigable land is rated Class 4(3), and virtually all the remainder is described as Class 4(2). Although they occur in fairly large ])arcels, the irrigable lands are generally scattered and dispensed Doty Service Area Location and Physical Features. The Doty Serv- ice Area is located north and west of Aidnirn. and may be defined generally as the Placer County unit of the Nevada Irrigation District. The west boundary of the district is very nearly coiiu'id(>nt with a ]ii'o- jected location of a north canal from Folsom Kesei'- voir on the American Rivei'. ilean s(>asonal depth of )ireci]iitation varies from 20 to 35 inches. Elevations range from 150 to 1,500 feet above sea level. The terrain is rolling to hilly in character, with large open areas in the western ]ior- tion of the service area. Soils of the Auburn series-grou]) occu])y most of the service area, but there is a major zone of soils of the Holland series-grou)) in the scnithwestiM-n portion. In the exti'eme western poiiion. soils of old to recent alluvial origin occur. The gross land area is about !I5. 01)11 acres, almost 52 ])er cent of which is classified as irrigable land. Slightly less than half the gross irrigable area is rated Class 4(2) oi- better, and uu)st of the remainder is Class 4(3). With the exception of a few isolated |iarcels in the northeast |)art of the ari'a. the irrigable lands ai'i' well concentrated. Present Development. Tiw leading town and l)usiness center in the Doty Sei'vice Area is Lincoln, a connnunity of about 2,500 inhabitants, and there is a substantial rural and suburban population. Trans- 112 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS portation facilities are good. The area is served by the Soiitherii Pacific Railroad, U. S. Highway 99E, and a network of secondary roads. The advanced stage of agricultural development in the service area is shown by the land classification and land use survey conducted in 1949. According to the survey, the gross irrigable area is 49,400 acres, of which 17,200 acres were cultivated, including 12,- 600 acres under irrigation. The irrigated lands con- stituted more than 25 per cent of the gross irrigable area. Orchards and pasture accounted for virtually all of the irrigated crops, while grain hay was the leading dry-farmed crop. Almost all of the irrigated lands in the Doty Sei'v- ice Area receive water from the Nevada Irrigation District. The district develops the bulk of its water supply from the upper watersheds of the South and Middle Forks of tlie Yuba River. A minor part is obtained from the Bear River. A few lauds iu the service area obtain water by pumping from wells. Forestbill Service Area Location and Physical Features. This service area is located in Placer County on the broad ridge between the North and Middle Forks of the Ameri- can River, and extends northeast from their conflu- ence to the vicinity of Michigan Bluff and Big Reservoir. Mean seasonal depth of precipitation varies from 36 to 61 inches. Elevations range from 1,000 to 4,000 feet above sea level, with the bulk of the irrigable land situated above the 2,500-foot level. Topography along the deep canyons of the North and Middle Forks of the American River is rugged and precipi- tous, but on top of the broad ridge between the two streams the slopes are moderate. Soils of the Aiken series-group cover most of the service area. Soils of the Hugo, Holland, and Mon- tara series-groups occur in zones of very limited extent, and there is one small area of soils of the Hugo-Auburn complex. The gross laud area is about 83,000 acres, of which about 18 per cent is classified as irrigable land. Al- though small in extent, the irrigable lands are of good quality, about 86 per cent being rated Class 4(2) and the remainder Class 4(3). The irrigable lands are well concentrated, about two-thirds of them occurring in one contiguous body extending along the ridge from the vicinity of Michigan Blulf to McKeon. Most of the other irrigable lands are con- centrated on the ridge between Indian and Shirt- tail Creeks. Present Development. It is estimated that about 1,200 people live in the Foresthill Service Area, chiefly in and around the town of Foresthill. Trans- portation facilities are poor. The area is served by secondar.v roads only, man.v in poor condition, and some are subject to stoppage during periods of severe winter weather. There is little agricultural activity in the service area. The land classification and land use survey con- ducted in 1949 showed a gross irrigable area of 15,400 acres, of which less than 100 acres were cultivated, including a few acres inider irrigation. Most of the irrigable lands iu use were devoted to di-y pasture. There is an acute shortage of water f(n- domestic and industrial iise in and near the town of Foresthill. The existing water supi^ly, which is obtained from springs, is not sufficient to satisfy the most funda- mental demands for water. Loomis Service Area Location and Physical Features. The Loomis Service Area is located in southern Placer County between the North Fork of the American River and the route of the proposed Folsom Xortli Canal, and extends from the vicinity of Auburn and Lincoln south to the Sacramento county line. Mean seasonal depth of precipitation varies from 19 to 31 inches. Elevations range from 150 to 1,100 feet above sea level. The topography varies from gentl.y rolling to somewhat hilly as elevation increases. Most of the lands in the service area have .soils of the Holland series-group. In the extreme northeastern portion and along the western fringe, soils of the Auburn series-group occur in small zones of limited extent. Small areas of alluvial soils also occur along the western boundary of the service area. The gross land area is about 50,000 acres, about 65 per cent of which is classified as irrigable. The quality of the irrigable lands is fairly good, more than 68 per cent being rated Class 4(2) or better. Virtually all of the remainder is described as Class 4(3) land. The irrigable lands are generally well concentrated in occurrence. Present Deve^opmer.t. The Loomis Service Area has a substantial rural population, as well as a num- ber of small towns. The largest community is New- castle, a town of about 1,500 inhabitants. Other towns are Loomis, Roekliu, and Penryu. Auburn and Rose- ville, the largest towns in Placer Count.v, are just outside the boundaries of the area. Transportation facilities are excellent. The area is served by the main line of the Southern Pacific Rail- road, by U. S. Highway 40, and by a good network of secondary roads. Agricultural activities are highly developed. The land classification and land use survey conducted in 1949 showed a gross irrigable area of 32,600 acres, of which about 17,000 acres were cultivated, including more than 12,000 acres under irrigation. Deciduous orchards accounted for about 89 per cent of the irrigated crops. Principal dry-farmed crops were APPENDIX A 11 :! (ii-chartl, yraiu hay, and viiu'vard. Otiici- ajiriiMilt iii'al lauds were used for dry pasture. Preseut water su])plips iu the serviee area arc fur- nished by the J^aeific (las ;iud Electrie ('()iii])auy, whieh develops water from the Yuba and IScar Rivers for use iu its Bear River hydroclcclric system aud for ii-rii^atiou and municipal use in I'l; v County. SACRAMENTO COUNTY Carson Service Area Location and Physical Features. The ("arson Serviee Area is loeated iu northeast Sacranu'nto t'ouuty between the Amerieau aiul Cosumucs Kivers. aud extends from the El Dorado eouuty boundary to the proposed South (_'anal from Folsom Reservoir. Mean seasonal depth of preeipitation varies from 18 to 27 inches. Elevations ran^-c from 100 to SOO feet above sea level, with virtually all of the irrij;ablc land situated below the 500-foot contour. The topog- raphy varies from flat to rolling, with typical hum- mocky terrain. In the western half of the service area the soils are derived generally from old to recent alluvial deposits, the best types being loeated along the floodplains of the Cosnmnes River and other local streams. The poorer types of soils are characterized by heavy tex- ture, slow drainage, and hardpan at varying depths. The soil pattern iu the east half of the service area is complex, including soils of the Auburn, lingo, and Goldridge-Vallecitos series-groups iu roughly equal portions. The gross laud area is about 84,000 acres, about 4.") per cent of which is ela.ssified as irrigable, ilore than half the gross irrigable area is rated Class 5(P) land. About one-third of the irrigable land, however, is rated Class 3 or better. Move than half the irrigable laud is concentrated in the western part of the area along the route of the proposed Fol.som South Canal. The better tj'pes of land are loeated in this zone. Irrigable lands iu the eastern part of the service area are generally Y>oor in (juality, aud they occur iu .scat- teretl but fairly large jiarcels. Present Development. The Carson Service Area is sparsely populated throughout. The principal town and business center is Folsom, which has a population of about 2,200. A branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad from Sacramento to Placerville traverses the northern part of the service area. U. S. Highway 50 and secondary state and county roads provide aderpiate access to all l)arts of the area. The land classification and land use siu-vey con- ducted in 1950 showed a gross irrigable area of 38,300 acres, of which almost 3,800 acres were culti- vated. Almost two-thirds of the cultivated area was irrigated. Virtually all of the irrigated laud was lo- eated in the extreme southern part of the area along the ('osninnes lii\'er. .Mmnt hall' the irrigated .ii'ca was in field ci-ops, with tlii' remainder divided be- tween i)asture. orchard, and (ruck crops. 'IMic dry- fai'uu^d lauds wi^i-e devoted e.xclnsively to grain hay. Xcnicultivatcd lands were nsi'd largely for di-y jias- turc. Water for the irrigated lau00 feet above sea level, with the ma.jority of the ii'rigable lands situated below the 300-foot eontSoiith Iloncut Creek and tlie Ynba River, and extends from the existing main canal of the Browns Valley Irrigation District sontliwest to the location of a possible foot- hill canal from the proposed Oroville Reservoir on the Feather River. This projected condnit line coincides very nearly with the lower boiindary of the lirowns Valley Irrigation District. Mean seasonal depth of precipitation varies from 24 to 40 inches. Elevations range from 100 to 1,200 feet above sea level, with the majority of the irrigable lands situated below the 600-foot contour. The topog- raphy is generally fiat to rolling, with sparse cover. The majority of the soils in the service area belong to the Auburn series-group. Soils of the Holland series-group occur in limited zones in the extreme east portion. Soils of alluvial origin occupy the extreme western portion. The gross land area is about 4!l,000 acres, almost 37 per cent of which is cla.ssified as irrigable. More than 70 per cent of the gross irrigable area is rated Class 4(3) or 5(P) land, and about 20 per cent is described as Class 2 or 3 land. Most of the better lands are located in the extreme western part of the service area and are well concentrated. In other parts of the area the irrigable lands are somewhat scattered, ex- cept in the region northwest of LafFerty Peak, where there is a large contignons body of Classes 4(3) and 5(P) land. Present Development. The Browns Valley Serv- ice Area is a thinly populated rural district with no towns of significance. Loma Rica and Browns Valley are communities of 150 or so inhabitants. The area is served b.y an adequate network of secondary state and county roads. The land use and land classification survey con- ducted in 1948 showed a gross irrigable area of 17,900 acres, of which 4,400 acres were cultivated, including more than 3,600 acres under irrigation. About 85 per cent of the irrigated land was in pasture, and most of the remainder was in olive orchards. Virtually all of the dry-farmed lands were producing grain hay. Most of the uoncultivated lands were used for dry pasture. Present water supplies in the service area are fur- nished by the Browns Valley Irrigation District, which obtains water from the North Fork of the Yuba River. The district diverts at a maximum rate of 472 second-feet from the forebay of the Colgate Power Plant of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. The present water supply is not sufficient to support fur- ther expansion of agriculture in the service area. Challenge Service Area Location and Physical Features. The Cliallenge Service Area is located in northeast Yuba County be- tween the North Fork of the Yuba River and the Butte county boundary, and extends from the Browns Valley Irrigation District northeast to AVoodville Creek. Mean sea.sonal depth of jirecipitation varies from 29 to 71 inches. Elevations range from 600 to 4,000 feet above sea level. The t()pogra])hy is generally hilly to mountainous, but slopes in valley areas, particu- larly in the vicinity of Oregon House and Challenge, are moderate. Soils of the Auburn. TTolland, and Aiken series- groups occur in the service ai-ea. Soils of the Auburn and Aiken series-groups predominate in the south- west and northeast portions, while alternate zones of Holland and Aiken soils cover the central part. The gross land area is about 10:i.000 acres, 24 per cent of which is classified as irrigable. The irrigable lands are of fair quality, almost 47 per cent being rated Class 4(2) or better. Most of the remainder is rated Class 4(3). The irrigable lands occur in large, fairly well concentrated groups, separated by large areas of nonagrieultnral land. The principal groups of irrigable lands are in the vicinity of Challenge and in the Oregon House-Dobbins region. Present Development. The i)opulation of the Challenge Service Area is small and scattered. There are several .small towns, the largest of which is Chal- lenge, a community of about 300 inhabitants. Ade- ((uate access to all parts of the area is provided by a network of secondary state and county roads. The land classification and land use survey con- ducted in 1948 showed a gross irrigable area of 25.000 acres, of which some 900 acres were cultivated. More than 87 per cent of the ctdtivated land was under irrigation, the principal crops being pasture and or- chards. All of the irrigated lands are located in the extreme southwest part of the service area, between Stanfield Hill and Tennessee Creek. Present irrigation supplies in the service area are furnished from the privately owned Los Verjels Res- ervoir, located on Dry Creek a few miles above Vir- ginia Ranch. Smartville Service Area Location and Physical Features. Tiiis service area is located in Yuba County between the Yuba and Bear Rivers, and extends west from the Nevada county line to the location of a possible foothill con- duit from the proposed Narrows Reservoir on the Yuba River. This condnit route follows the 500-foot contour from the Narrows Reservoir to the proposed Waldo Reservoir on Dry Creek, from where it follows the 220-foot contour south to the Bear River. The I 118 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS conduit line is within four miles of the Nevada i^ouutj' boundary all along: its route from the Yuba to the Bear River. Mean seasonal di'iitli of preeipitatiou varies from 24 to 29 inches. Elevations ranpe from 220 to 1,.S00 feet above sea level. The terrain is rolling to hilly, with sparse cover. Soils of the Auburn series-group cover all of the service area, with the exceptions of very limited zones of alluvial soils in the nortli and of Holland soils in the south. The gross land area is about 19,000 acres, 33 per cent of which is classified as irrigable. The irrigable lauds are generally poor, more than 87 per cent being rated Class 4(3) or 5(P). In their occurrence the irrigable lands are scattered and dispersed, except in the vicinity of Vineyard Creek where more than one- thii-d of tlie irrigable lands is located. Present Development. Tiie jtopulation of the Smartville Service Area is small and scattered. The only town is Smartville, a community of about 200 inhabitants. Ade((nate access to all parts of the serv- ice area is provided by a network of secondary roads. Tlu> land classification and land use survey con- ducted in 1948 showed a gross irrigable area of 6,300 acres, more than 90 per cent of which is within the boundaries of the Camp Beale Military Reservation. About 250 acres were irrigated, all in pasture and all located in the extreme northern part of the service area outside the boundaries of Camp Beale. None of the irrigable lands inside Camp Beale are cultivated now, and it is possible that, due to military restric- tions, none will ever be cultivated. The irrigated lands in the northern part of the service area receive water from the China Ditch of the Nevada Irrigation District. The ditch diverts from Deer Creek a few miles above its mouth. Strawberry Service Area Location and Physical Features. The Strawberry J Service Area is located in northeast Yuba County ' between the North Fork of the Yuba River and the Butte county line, and extends from Woodville Creek to the vicinity of Strawberry Valley. Mean seasonal depth of precipitation is extremely high, being in excess of 70 inches over most of the area. Elevations range from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above sea level, with virtually all of the irrigable lands situated above the 3,0()0-foot contour. The service area has a complex pattern of soils of the Aiken, Holland, and Montara series-groups. The topography is rugged along the deep canyon of the North Fork of the Yuba River, but atop the ridge between that stream and the South Pork of the Feather River the slopes are moderate. Most of the service area is covered by heavy stands of timber. The gross land area is about 17,000 acres, almost 19 per cent of which is classified as irrigable. The irrigable lands are well concentrated in occurrence, but jioor in quality, almost 80 per cent being rated Class 4(3). Present Development. The Strawberry Service Area is sparsely populated, with no towns of more than a few score inhabitants. Access to the area is provided by secondary roads, many of which are in poor condition. The land classification and land iise survey con- ducted in 1948 showed a gross irrigable area of 3,200 acres, less than 100 acres of which were cultivated, all in nonirrigated orchards. APPENDIX B PRECIPITATION STATIONS AND STREAM GAGING STATIONS IN OR ADJACENT TO THE MOTHER LODE REGION (119) TABLE OF CONTENTS PRECIPITATION STATIONS AND STREAM GAGING STATIONS IN OR ADJACENT TO THE MOTHER LODE REGION Table Page 1 Preeipitatiou Stations in or Adjacent to Mother Lode Kegion With Continuous Records of 10 Years or Louger 121 2 Stream Gaging' Stations in or Adjacent to Mother Lode Region 128 (120) APPENDIX B llil TABLE 1 PRECIPITATION STATIONS IN OR ADJACENT TO MOTHER LODE REGION WITH CONTINUOUS RECORDS OF 10 YEARS OR LONGER County and station Latitude and longitude Klevation, in feet Period of record Source of record* Precipitation Map reference Mean seasonal, 1897-1947, in inches of depth Maximum an. miniminn number Season Degree Minute Inches of depth 5- 1 24 Alpine County Twin Lakes 38 120 42 03 7.920 1919-20 1951-52 PCiE USWB 45.80 19.37 38 1923-24 74.82 23.39 .'i-]37 Tamarack ~ ..-_- 38 119 37 57 8.000 1900-01 1947-48 USWB 47.33 1900-07 1925-20 93.99 23.50 I'-H Marklecvillo , 38 119 41 47 5,520 1909-10 1950-51 USWB 20.06 1913-14 1923-24 32.10 9.99 5-142 Amador County Drytown . 38 120 27 51 790 1891-92 1905-00 USWB 22.80 1894-95 1897-98 39.94 16.35 5-143 Kennedy Mine 38 120 21 4(i 1,,500 1892-93 1946-47 USWB 28.45 1894-95 1923-24 .54.07 13.20 .".-144 Jackson - 38 120 24 43 1.900 1893-94 1902-03 USWB 25.11 1894-95 1897-98 50. 10 19.53 5-145 Klectra - - 38 120 20 40 099 1904-05 1951-52 USWB 31.45 1906-07 1923-24 .50.97 15.04 5-147 M ill Creek No. 1 - - - 38 120 27 30 2.400 1907-08 1930-31 USWB 47.00 1910-11 1923-24 06.37 19.79 .VI 48 Tiger Creek 38 120 27 29 2,341 1931-32 1951-52 USWB 40.91 1950-51 1932-33 09.03 28.41 5-27 Butte County Inskip 40 121 00 32 4,818 1907-08 1947-48 USWB 71.92 1937-38 1923-24 124.11 32.36 5-33 West Branch 39 121 59 39 3,210 1907-08 1951-52 USWB 68.03 1908-09 1923-24 115.35 33.13 5-34 De Sabla 39 121 52 35 2,700 1904-05 1951-52 USWB 59.. 59 1940-41 1923-24 99.06 20.84 .">-35 Stirlinf: City 39 121 54 31 3,525 1903-04 1945-40 USWB 05.44 1900-07 1917-18 125.20 36.76 5-45 Phelan Parrot 39 121 45 58 130 1924-25 1949-50 Private 20.49 1937-38 1949.50 34.93 12.92 5-40 Chico 39 121 42 49 189 1871-72 1951-52 USWB 25.13 1940-41 1887-88 45.79 12.97 5-47 Centerville Power House 39 121 47 40 490 1914-15 1951-52 USWB 40.46 1940-41 1923-24 70.79 20.. 54 5-48 Masalia 39 121 47 35 2,321 1904-05 1917-18 USWB 78.10 1908-09 1917-18 122.51 37.11 5-50 Las Plumas 39 121 40 29 569 1914-15 1951-52 USWB 45.89 1940-41 1922-24 77.50 20.72 5-51 Intake 39 121 43 28 920 1921-22 1937-38 PGE 50.46 1937-38 1923-24 74.33 23.13 - -■. Stanwood 39 121 43 23 2,140 1903-04 1919-20 USWB 63.. 30 190IV07 1911-12 97.78 32.32 5-52.A Brush Creek Ranger Station. 39 121 41 20 3,.500 1935-36 1940-41 1938-39 1951-52 USWB 05.92 1937-38 1948-49 109.06 50.73 5-59 Llano Seco Rancho ..- 39 121 30 57 200 1917-18 1947-48 Private 18.90. 1940-41 1923-24 37.53 9.94 5-00 Durham 39 121 38 48 160 1895-90 1919-20 USWB 24.70 1913-14 1911-12 35.44 15.30 .vol Oroville (Ri^"er station) 39 121 32 34 273 1908-09 1951-52 USWB 27.10 1951-52 1911-12 43.94 14.31 122 SURVEY OF .MorXTAIXors AREAS TABLE 1— Continued PRECIPITATION STATIONS IN OR ADJACENT TO MOTHER LODE REGION WITH CONTINUOUS RECORDS OF 10 YEARS OR LONGER County and station Latitude and longitude Elevation, in feet Period of record Source of record* Precipitation Map reference number Mean seasonal, 1897-1947, in inches of depth ^laximum an d minimum Season Degree Minute Inches of deptli Butte County — Continued 5-62 Oroville 39 121 31 33 250 1884-85 1951-52 USWB 27 . 27 1889-90 19.30-31 49 . 64 14.71 5-62A Oroville (near) 39 121 31 34 400 1940-41 1951-52 SDF 25 . 26 1940-41 194.5-46 10.72 19.30 5-R3 Forbpstown 39 121 32 17 2.800 1920-21 1937-38 Privet'-. 65.38 1937-38 1923-24 105.35 29 . 67 0-G9 Biggs 39 121 25 43 98 1899-00 1915-16 USWB 21.04 1913-14 1911-12 2 1 . 20 1 2 . 29 5-70 Gridley 39 121 22 42 97 1884-85 1951-52 USWB 24.00 1889-90 1897-98 47.00 12.34 5-71 Palermo 39 121 26 33 213 1891-92 1913-14 USWB 23 . 29 1904-05 1897-98 32.77 10.94 5-72 Serriterre 39 121 25 28 629 1920-21 1948-49 USWB 29.76 1940-41 1923-24 44.08 15.79 5-146 Calaveras County West Point 38 120 25 32 2,736 1894-95 1951-.52 USWB .38.73 1894-95 1923-24 59.91 16.84 5-153 Wallace 38 120 11 58 200 1926-27 1951-52 USWB 18.93 1935-36 1930-31 27.30 10.32 5-154 Camp Pardee 38 120 14 50 658 1929-30 1951-52 EBMUD USWB 20.24 1935-36 1932-33 29.97 12.67 5-155 Lanclia Plana 38 120 15 51 670 1926-27 1939-40 USWB 20.87 1935-36 1932-33 29.92 12.72 5-156 Valley Springs 38 120 11 50 673 1888-89 1937-38 USWB 21.55 1889-90 1923-24 38.15 10.08 5-157 Mokelunine Hill 38 120 18 42 1,550 1882-83 1946-47 USWB 29 . 75 1889-90 1923-24 .54.. 59 13.33 5-158 San Andreas 38 120 11 41 996 1924-25 1950-51 USWB 26.76 1935-36 1923-24 38 . 76 15.68 5-159 Fricot City 38 120 11 32 1,900 1918-19 1937-38 USWB 28.85 1937-33 1923-24 41.41 14.64 5-160 Letora Ranch 38 120 12 28 1,600 1927-28 1940-41 Private 34.21 1937-38 1930-31 .53.76 19.28 5-161 Calaveras Big Trees 38 120 17 18 4,702 1929-30 1951-52 Private 54.05 1937-38 1930-31 77 . 02 33.06 5-172 Jenny Lind. 38 120 06 52 300 1907-08 1946-47 USWB 19.31 1935-36 1923-24 28.87 8.81 5-173 Milton _ _ 38 120 02 51 660 1888-89 1951-52 USWB 20.02 1894-95 1923-24 32.31 10.47 5-174 Angels Camp No. 2 38 120 04 32 1,.500 1908-09 1951-52 USWB 30.96 1910-11 1923-24 30.35 12.86 5-175 Murphys 38 120 08 28 2,201 1868-69 1883-84 Private 30.10 187.5-76 1876-77 44 , 7t» 15.18 5-110 El Dorado County Georgetown 38 120 55 50 2,060 1872-73 1951-52 USWB 50.97 1889-90 1938-39 9.5 . 27 29.62 5-111 Pilot Creek 38 120 55 41 4,000 1894-95 1913-14 USWB 64.87 1903-04 1897-98 95.54 37.46 5-122 Shingle Sjirings 38 120 40 56 1.415 1849.50 1911-12 USWB 30.04 1861-62 1897-98 79.24 14.60 APPENDIX ]; V2:i TABLE 1 -Continued PRECIPITATION STATIONS IN OR ADJACENT TO MOTHER LODE REGION WITH CONTINUOUS RECORDS OF 10 YEARS OR LONGER County and station Latitude and loriKitude Elevation, in feet Period of record Source of record* Precipitation Map reference Mean seasonal, 1897-1947, in inches of depth Maximum and minimum Season Degree Minute Inches of depth ,V1L>3 EI Dorado County—Continued Pkii-erville. __._._.. 38 120 43 47 1,925 1874-75 1951-52 USWB 38 . .55 1889-90 1923-24 78.23 20. 13 5-43 Glenn County Saint Jolin_ _ , . . 3!( 11'-' 42 01 143 1912-13 1951-52 rswB 20.68 1940 41 1923 24 40.60 9.42 5-44 Haiiiilt-.")8 Monn>rvillp . -- - 39 122 38 00 130 1908-09 1920-27 USWB 17.1 1 1913-14 1923-24 29.92 9.33 .'. 23 Lassen County 40 121 18 00 5,080 1921-22 1931-52 USWB 24.25 1937-38 1938-.39 33.30 11.54 (i-4 Susanville — 40 120 25 39 4,271 1889-90 1951-52 USWB 17.06 1889-90 1949-50 30.20 8.22 5-1' 19 Madera County 37 120 05 27 150 1887-88 1937-38 Private 9.84 1889-90 1923-24 16.11 4.23 5-11)1 Mariposa County Dudleys -- -- 37 120 45 0(i 3,000 1909-10 1931-52 USWB 30.03 1910-11 1923-24 57.18 18.41 5-1IJ3 37 119 45 35 3,983 1904-05 1951-52 USWB 33.97 19.37-38 1923-24 58.04 14.77 5-J03 37 !20 30 14 950 1923-24 1951-52 Private 17.75 1934-35 1923-24 26.98 9.25 5-.'04 37 119 30 58 1.800 1894-95 1951-52 USWB 29.06 1910-11 1923-24 40.81 12.90 5-L'OH 37 119 29 38 5,270 189fi-97 1911-12 USWB 56.70 1900-01 1897-98 85.40 29.34 5-'01 Merced County 37 120 31 2li 259 1882-83 1937-38 Private 14.02 1889-90 1912-13 29.99 7.27 5-'0l' 37 120 32 20 .351 1907-08 1949-50 USWB 15.16 1934-35 1923-24 22.45 8.20 5-J08 37 120 23 43 130 1918-19 1937-38 Pri\ate 10.94 1937-38 1923-24 18.10 5.00 5- J 11 Merced 37 120 19 29 170 1872-73 1951-52 USWB 11.68 1883-84 1870-77 22.08 3.20 0-2V2 37 120 12 21 203 188fi-87 189l'.-97 USWB 12.74 1889-90 1887-88 19.07 6.81 5-213 37 120 14 14 255 1899-00 1951-32 USWB 12.43 1940-41 1907-08 20.81 4.87 e-10 Mono County Shields Rancli 38 119 32 28 5.300 1910-11 1945-41'. USWB 11.25 1931-32 1927-28 19.08 6.01 (i-14 37 119 50 14 9.000 1925-26 1931-52 USWB 31.li9 1926-27 1918 19 40. &3 12.32 5-77 Nevada County Ni.rtli Blooiiilii-ld -_. 3'l 120 54 3,ir,o 1870-71 1943-44 USWB 31.11 1906-07 1923-24 77.84 21.47 5-78 Ruu Mian Datii 39 120 27 39 3,347 1871-72 1951-52 USWB 66.. 30 1903-04 1887-88 142.07 29.40 5-7 _—_— — — ___ — ———— — —, - - -- 5.74 5-1*07 Turlock 37 120 ' 29 ' 49 103 1893-94 1943-44 USWB 11.83 1906-07 1897-98 17.38 3.38 5-107 Sutter County Nicolaus - 38 121 54 35 46 1912-13 1951-52 USWB 18.32 1940-41 1912-13 32.46 7.07 Tehama County Tphmiia - 40 121 02 08 220 1871-72 1915-16 USWB 19.21 1892-93 1874-75 51.98 x^lltLiim- -- - - - - - - --- - - - -- -- — — — — -- — - — 5.95 5-2r, T r\a \Inl inn** 40 122 01 06 213 1924-23 1943-46 Private 22.07 1937-38 1932-33 31.83 jj^j^ ^1 i KJHt^MIZ} - - - - - - _-__- - --, — ^— ,-.^ 12.52 5-31 Corning Observer 39 122 50 08 273 1880-81 1951-52 Private 20.18 1940-41 1949-50 46.. 34 7.70 5-32 Vina-Stanford 39 122 5C. 03 150 1916-17 1944-45 Private 22.83 1940-41 1923-24 46.80 V Lila k-* I'tim *_#ii_i_--^__^___^--_--— ---^ — - 9.84 5-1* 12 Tuolumne County Sand Bar 38 120 11 09 2,700 1922-23 1908-09 PGE 41.28 1937-38 1923-24 65.00 OaJll-i irTH ' - - - -- - - - - - -- -- -' __-____---- 17.93 5-103 Snrinc Gap 38 120 11 or, 4,875 1922-23 19,39-40 PGE 44.48 1939-40 1923-24 76.88 V_P|_/ll|J^ ^_IL*[^- - -- ^— — — — ——— ^ — —— — —— — — 22.39 5-1(34 Strawberry Oani _ 38 119 11 59 5,620 1922-23 1951-52 PGE 39.19 1937-38 1923-24 70.42 k_7 Ll u. n U".' 1 ' ^< *-* »**<•- —_ — -——— — — — — — — — — —'- — - 17.94 5-179 M clones -- 37 120 58 31 741 1907-08 1926-27 USWB 29 . 42 1908-09 1923-24 43.. 57 13.06 5-180 Jamestown 37 120 57 55 1,471 1903-04 1914-15 USWB 30.16 1937-38 1912-13 64.61 17.49 5-181 Sonora 37 120 58 24 1,825 1887-88 1951-52 USWB 32.00 1889-90 1923-24 67 . 39 13.67 5-182 Tucked nvillp 37 120 51 700 1907-08 1916-17 USWB 26 . 47 1910-11 1907-08 37.49 lf£l\_IVS\Jll \ IIXI- - ._____.._-- 15.31 5-183 Groveland - 37 120 50 13 1,400 1929-30 1944-45 USWB .35.65 1937-38 1930-31 57.23 20.76 5-184 Early Intake. - . - . 37 119 52 68 2,356 1925-26 1951-52 SFPUC 33 . 65 1937-38 1930-31 32.39 21.09 5-185 T.'ikf F'lpannr 37 119 57 53 4,650 1910-11 1931-52 USWB 42.99 1937-38 1923-24 64.61 ijvi fv^r ^ri^utiui^ - ,________-- — — — — — — *^» — — 20.83 5-18(i Hetch Hetchy .- 37 119 5(S 47 4,050 1911-12 1951-52 USWB 34.93 1937.38 192.3-24 -.55.62 17.03 Al'l'KXDlX 127 TABLE 1 -Continued PRECIPITATION STATIONS IN OR ADJACENT TO MOTHER LODE REGION WITH CONTINUOUS RECORDS OF 10 YEARS OR LONGER Map reference number -190 5-74 f'onnty iinil statiun Tuolumne County — Continued Moccasin Priest- dockers Yuba County f "olgat€ Dobbins . Chute Camp... Cainptonville Marysville Wlieatland I.alilu.li' aii.l lonKitii.lc Degree 37 IL'O 37 120 37 119 39 121 39 121 39 121 39 121 39 121 39 121 Minute 49 18 49 Hi 48 54 20 II 24 09 27 03 24 01 Klevation, in feet 950 584 1,050 1,250 2.850 Period of record 1935-3n 1951-32 1928-29 1931-52 1896-97 1909-10 1907-08 1951-52 1904-05 194.5-46 1907-08 1939-40 1907-08 1951-52 1871-72 1951-52 1887-88 1944-45 Source of record* SFPUC SKPUC USWB USWB USWB USWB USWB USWB USWB Mean seasonal. 1897-1947. in inches of depth 39.92 20.84 Pitcipitation Maximum and niininnini 1937-38 194n 47 1937-38 19.30-31 1905 or, 1897-98 1 931 -.52 1923-24 1906-07 1923-24 1937-38 1923-24 1908-09 1923-24 1889-90 1884-85 1889-90 1887-88 Inches of depth 41.20 18.71 40.25 16.57 83.. 54 31.37 .56.09 18.51 64.28 20.13 78.17 23.87 108.30 30.13 38.91 8.15 33.69 11.07 ' DWR DMsion of Water Resource.s. F&RESB Forest and Range Experiment Station. Berkeley. MID Modesto Irrigation District. PGE Pacific Gas and Electric Company. SFPUC San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. SDF Division of Forestry. USWB United States Weatlier Bureau. EBMUD East Bay Municipal Utility District. 5 — 99504 128 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS TABLE 2 STREAM GAGING STATIONS IN OR ADJACENT TO MOTHER LODE REGION Map refer- ence number S-100 5-101 5-102 5-105 5-122 5-243A 5-243B 5-243C 5-143 5-144 5-145 5-146 5-147 5-148 5-149 5-150 5-151 5-152 5-153 5-154 5-154A 5-155 5-156 5-157 5-158 5-159 5-160 5-161 5-163 5-164 5-165 5-166 5-167 5-168 5-169 5-170 5-172 5-173 5-174 5-175 5-176 5-177 5-178 5-179 5-180 5-181 Stream and location of gaging station Sacramento River Basin Mill Creek near Los Molinos — Deer Creek at Deer Creek Meadows. Deer Creek at Polk Springs- __. Deer Creek near Vina- Chico Creek near Chico Butte Creek near Chico Coon Creek at Highway 99E Auburn Ravine at Highway 99E Pleasant Grove Creek at Lincoln Road -. Feather River Basin Mountain Meadows Reservoir near PrattviUe Feather River, North Fork, above PrattviUe Feather River, North Fork, below PrattviUe Hamilton Branch near PrattviUe Alnianor-Butt Creek Tunnel near PrattviUe Butt Creek above Almanor-Butt Tunnel- Butt Creek below Almanor-Butt Tunnel --. Caribou Penstock Butt Valley Reser- voir Butt Creek at Butt Valley Butt Creek near Caribou Indian Creek near Crescent Mills . Spanish Creek at Keddie East Branch, North Fork, near Rich Bar Grizzly Forebay near Storrie Bucks Creek Reservoir near Bucks Ranch Grizzly Creek at Diversion Dam Three Lakes near Bucks Ranch Bucks Creek Power House at Storrie. Grizzly Creek near Storrie Bucks Creek Tunnel at outlet. Feather River, North Fork, at Big Bar- Wilenor Canal near Yankee Hill Feather River, North Fork, at Big Bend Hendricks Canal near Ninishew Miocene Canal BW24 at head Miocene Canal BW26 near Yankee Hill Concow Creek near Yankee Hill Spring Valley Ditch near Yankee Hill. Feather River, West Branch, near Yankee Hill Smith Neck Creek at Bear VaUey Road crossing . Smith Neck Creek at Loyalton Little Truckee Ditch at Summit Webber Creek near SierraviUe . Hamlin Creek near SierraviUe MiUer Creek near SierravUle Grizzly Creek near Portola near Grizzly Creek near Beckwith.. Feather River, Middle Fork, Clio - Feather River, Middle Fork, near Sloat Drainage area, in square miles 134 68 148 84 32 507 746 184 1,035 28 15 Period of record 1909-131 1928-52 J 1928-32 1928-31 1911-13' 1920-37 1939-52, 1930-52 1930-52 1947-52 1950-52 1950-52 1931-52 -1905-07 1905-52 1905-07 1940-46 1936-52 1938-52 1939 1905-21 1937-52 1906-091 1911-18! 1930-S2J 1911-52 1950-52 1930-52 1928-52 f 1932-381 \ 1940-52/ 1930-52 1935-39 fl929-32l 11933-44/ /l934-36l 11937-52/ [1911-30 0932-371- tl939-52j 1929-52 1905-10 1936-.52 1929-52 1930 1927-52 1927-52 1930-52 1937-48 1937-52 1937-.52 1937-52 1937-43 1937-52 /l925-32\ 11950-52/ 1906 1925-52 Source Map refer- record* ence number USGS 5-182 USGS 5-183 USGS 5-183A USGS 5-184 USGS USGS 5-185 DWR 5-186 DWR 5-187 DWR 5-188 5-189 5-190 PGE .5-191 USGS 5-192 .5- 194 A USGS .%194B USGS USGS 5-195 USGS 5-196 USGS .5-197 PGE USGS .5-198 PGE 5-199 5-200 USGS USGS 5-201 USGS 5-202 PGE USGS 5-203 USGS 5-204 PGE 5-205 USGS USGS 5-206 5-207 USGS 5-208 PGE 5-209 5-210 USGS 5-211 PGE PGE 5-212 5-213 PGE 5-214 USGS USGS 5-215 5-216 USGS 5-217 DWRWA 5-218 DWRWA DWRWA .5-219 DWRWA DWRWA 5-220 DWRWA USGS 5-221 USGS 5-222 5-222A USGS 5-223 USGS 5-224 5-225 Stream and location of gaging station Feather River Basin — Continued Feather River. Middle Fork, below Sloat Feather River. Middle Fork, near Nelson Point Feather River, Middle Fork, near Merrimac Feather River, South Fork, near La Porte Lost Creek below Lost Creek Dam - Lost Creek near Clipper MiUs Forhestown Ditch near Clipper Mills. Palermo Canal at Enterprise Feather River, South Fork, at Enter- prise Feather River, Middle Fork, at Bid- well Bar Feather River near Oroville Feather River at Oroville South Honcut Creek near Bangor Honcut Creek at La Porte Road Yuba River Basin Yuba River, North Fork, near Sierra City Yuba River, North Fork of North Fork, at DownieWUe Yuba River, North Fork, at Good- year Bar Rock Creek at Goodyear Bar Goodyear Creek at Goodyear Bar-- Yuba River, North Fork, below Goodyear Bar Bollards Bar Reser\'oir, North Fork Yuba River Yuba River, North Fork, below Bul- lards Bar Dam Yuba River, North Fork, near North San Juan Yuba River, North Fork, at Colgate Diversion Dam Yuba River, Middle Fork, at Mil- ton Yuba River, Middle Fork, above Oregon Creek Oregon Creek near North San Juan Yuba River, Middle Fork, near North San Juan Canyon Creek above Jackson Creek. Jackson Creek at mouth Milton-Bowman Tunnel at outlet Bowman-Spaulding Canal at intake.. Canyon Creek below Bow-man Lake.. Yuba River, South Fork, near Ciaco. Drum Canal near Lake Spaulding — Spaulding SpiUway at Lake Spauld- ing South Yuba Canal at Lake Spaulding. South Yuba Canal at Deer Creek Power House Yuba River, South Fork, at Langs Crossing Yuba River, South Fork, near Wash- mgton Yuba River, South Fork, at Jones Bar Bridge Yuba River at Narrows Dam Yuba River through Narrows Power House Cascade Ditch at head Snow Mountain Ditch at head D.S. Canal at head Drainage area, in square miles 835 898 1,078 134 1,353 3,611 3,611 31 69 71 214 9 12 244 484 41 170 35 207 19 6 198 340 1,110 Period of record 1940-52 1923-32 1951-52 1927-33 1947-52 /1 927-4 1\ 11948-52/ 1927-41 1911-52 1911-52 1911-52 1934-52 1902-34 1950-52 1947-49 /1911-131 11923-44/ 1910-26 1910-31 1910-33 1910-33 / 1930-371 11938-52/ 1936-39 / 1940-411 \l950-52/ .1900 1940-50 /1925-331 11936-52/ 1941-52 1910-52 1910-41 1926-30 1926-30 /1 928-301 \l931-52/ 1927-52 1927-52 1942-.52 1930-52 1941-52 1930-52 1930-52 1933-52 1942-52 1940-48 1941-52 1950-52 1930-52 1930-52 1930-52 APPENDIX B 129 TABLE 2~Contmuecl STREAM GAGING STATIONS IN OR ADJACENT TO MOTHER LODE REGION Stream and location of gaging station Drainage area, in square miles Period of record Source of record* Map refer- ence number Stream and location of gaging station Drainage area, in square milea Period of record Source of record* Yuba River Basin — Continued Excelsior Ditch at head .. Deer Creek near Sinartviile Yuba River at Smart viile Yuba River at Parks Bar Bridge French Dry Creek near Brownsville, , French Dry Creek at Virginia Ranch. Browns Valley Canal above Colgate Power House Bear River Basin Dry Creek near Waldo Dry Creek near Wheatland. Bear River near Colfax Bear River near Auburn. Bear River at Van Trent Bear River near Wheatland Boardman Canal near intake — Lake Valley Canal near Emigrant Gap Drum Canal below Drum Forebay — Bear River Canal near Colfax Gold Hill Canal below Coinbie Dam- American River Basin Lake Valley Canal at intake .■Vmerican River, North Fork, near Colfax .\merican River, North Fork, at North Fork Dam .\merican River. Middle Fork, at French Meadows Rubicon River at Rubicon Springs . - Little Rubicon River near Rubicon Springs Gerle Creek near Rubicon Springs — Little South Fork Ditch at Sawmill.. Rubicon River, Little South Fork, at Sawmill Rubicon River. Little South Fork below Gerle Creek Rubicon River, Little South Fork, at mouth Rubicon River near Georgetown Pilot Creek near Quintette Pilot Creek Ditch near Quintette Georgetown Ditch above Pilot Creek. Georgetown Ditch near Georgetown . American River. Middle Fork, near Auburn South Canal near Newcastle .American River. North Fork, at Rat- tlesnake Bridge Echo Lake Conduit near Vade. Medley Lakes Outlet near Vade .\merican River. South Fork, at Ky- burz Twin Lakes Outlet near Kirkwood — Twin Lakes Spillway near Kirkwood. Silver Lake near Kirkwood Seepage from Silver Lake near Silver Lake Dam American River, Silver Fork of South Fork, near Kyburz .\merican River. South Fork, below Silver Fork 84 1,201 21 295 308 343 198 1.5 196 12 15 1931-52 1933-52 1903-41 1900 1946-52 1946-52 19.30-52 1947-49 1946-52 /1912-17\ 1 1949-52 ■ 1922, 25 28, 29, 33 1940-52 ; 1904-28 1928-52 1930-52 1930-52 1930-52 1912-,52 1930-52 108 1951-52 1910-14 1911 1910-14 1910-13 1910-14 1910-14 1909-11 1943-52 /1910-141 U946-52/ 1910-14 1950-52 1947-52 1911-52 1930-52 / 1930-371 \ 1938-52/ 1923-52 1922-52 /1 906-071 11923-24/ 1922-52 1925-52 1922-52 1929-45 1924-44 1906 NID uses uses uses USER USGS USBR USGS PGE DWR USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS PGE PGE PGE PGE NID PGE USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS PGE USGS /PGE lUSGS /PGE \USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS /USGS \PGE USGS USGS 5-294 5-295 5-296 5-297 5-298 5-299 .5-300 5-301 5-302 5-303 5-304 5-305 5-306 5-306A 5-307 5-308 5-309 5-635 5-636 5-637 5-638 5-649 5-650 5-662 5-663 5-667 5-668 5-668A 5-670 5-671 5-674 5-674A 5-682 5-683 5-684 5-685 5-686 5-687 5-688 5-689 5-690 5-690A American River Basin — Continued American Hiver, .^outli Fork, near Kyburz Kl Dorado Canal near Kyburz . .Alder Creek near Whitehall Plum Creek near Riverton ,Silver Creek at Union Valley Silver Creek, South Fork, near Ice House Silver Creek near Placerville .American River, South Fork, below Silver Creek American River Flume near Camino. .American River, South Fork, near Camino Finnon Reservoir Outlet near Placer- ville American River, South Fork, near Placerville American River. South Fork, at Coloma American River. South Fork, near Lotus Webber Creek near Salmon Falls Lower Greeley Canal near Rattle- snake Bridge American River at Fair Oaks San Joaquin River Basin Fresno Ri\'er. Nurtli lurk, near Sugar Pine Netder Creek near Fresno Flats Fresno River near Knowles Fresno River near Daulton Chowchilla River at Buchanan Dam site. Chowchilla River at Foothills near Buchanan Deadman Creek at Merced Irrigation District east boundary Dutchman Creek at Merced Irriga- tion District boundary. Mariposa Creek at Foothills Mariposa Creek near Merced Irriga- tion District east boundary. Mariposa Creek near La Grande Owens Creek at Merced Irrigation District east botmdary Miles Creek at Merced Irrigation District east boundary Bear Creek at Merced Irrigation DLs- trict east boundary Bear Creek near Planada. Merced River Basin Merced River above Illilouette Creek. lUilouette Creek near Yosemite .. Merced River at Happy Isles Bridge. Tenaya Creek near Yosemite Merced River at Yosemite — Yosemite Creek at Y'osemite. Merced River at Pohono Bridge Merced River. South Fork, near Wawona Big Creek near Wawona Merced River, South I^ork, near El Portal 497 635 678 100 1,921 132 270 238 164 181 47 236 43 321 131 239 /1 907 11922-52/ 1922-52 1922-52 1922-39 1924-52 /I922 ' \l924-S2j 1921-52 1923 1922-52 1922-52 1922-37 1911-20 1929-41 1951-52 1943-52 1930-52 1904-52 1910-11 1910-12 /1911-13 11915-.52/ 1941-52 /l921-23\ 11930-52/ 1878-84 1941-42 1941-42 1878-84 1942 1936-43 1940-42 1942 1942 1936-43 1915 1915 191.i-.i2 /1 904-09 1 1912-52,' 1912-16 (1904-09 \l912-26/ 1916-52 1910-22 1911 1950-52 USGS PGE /PGE (USGS (USGS IPGE USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS 'USGS PGE PGE USGS USGS USGS USGS /USBR lUSGS PGE USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USBR USBR USGS USBR MelD USBR USBR USBR MelD USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS 130 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS TABLE 2-Contlnued STREAM GAGING STATIONS IN OR ADJACENT TO MOTHER LODE REGION Map refer- ence number 5-690B 5-691 5-692 5-693 5-694 5-695 5-706 5-707 5-708 5-709 5-710 5-711 S-7I2 5-713 5-714 5-715 5-716 5-717 5-718 5-719 5-720 5-721 5-722 5-723 5-724 5-725 5-726 5-727 5-728 5-729 5-730 5-731 5-732 5-734 5-735 5-736 5-737 5-738 5-739 5-740 5-741 5-748 5-749 5-750 0-751 Stream and location of gaging station Merced River Basin — Continued Merced River at Kagby Merced Ri\er at Kittredge (Horse- shoe Bend ) Merced River at Excheciuer Merced River near Merced Falls Merced River at Merced Falls. Merced River below Snelling — Tuolunme River Basin Falls Creek near lletcli Hctcliy Tuolumne River at Hetch Hetchy Cabin . Tuolumne River at Hetcli Hetchy dam site Hetch Hetchy Reservoir at Hetch Hetchy 1 — Tuolumne River near Hetch Hetchy - San Francisco Tunnel Diversion near Hetch Hetchy Eleanor Creek at Eleanor Trail cross- mg. Eleanor Creek near Hetch Hetchy. . Cherry Creek near Hetch Hetchy... Cherry Creek at Eleanor Trail cross- mg. Jawbone Creek near Tuolumne Corral Creek near (iroveland Tuolumne River, Middle Fork, near Mather — Tuolumne River, Middle Fork, at Oakland Recreation Camp Tuolumne River, South Fork, at Ital- ian Flat Tuolumne River, South Fork, near Sequoia Golden Rock Ditch near Sequoia Tuolumne River, South Fork, near Oakland Recreation Camp Tuolumne River, South Fork, near Buck Meadows Tuolumne River near Buck Meadows. Indian Creek near Tuolumne Clavey Creek near Tuolumne Big Creek near Groveland Tuolumne River, North Fork, near Tuolumne Hunter Creek near Tuolumne Moccasin Power Plant Discharge near Hetch Hetchy Tuolumne River near Jacksonville — Woods Creek near Jacksonville Sierra & San Francisco Power Co. Canal near La Grange Tuolumne River above La Grange Dam Modesto Canal near La Grange Turlock Canal near La Grange Tuolumne River near La Grange Tuolumne River at La Grange Bridge Tuolunme River at Roberts Ferry Bridge Tuolunme River at Hicknian-Water- ford Bridge Stanislaus River Basin Lake Alpine Reservoir near Camp Tamarack L^nion Reservoir near Camp Tama- rack Utica Reservoir near Camp Tama- rack Spicers Reservoir Highland Creek — Drainage area, in square miles 935 1,035 460 462 81 71 1,352 »8 1,539 Period of record 1947-52 1922-47 1915-52 /1901-131 11923-26/ 1895-12 /l931-38\ \1939-52/ 1915-52 1910-16 1910-15 1923-52 1914-52 1932-46 1901 /1901 ' \l901-52, 1910-52 1901 1910-14 1910-13 1924-29 1916-52 1924-33 1914-18 1914-15 1923-52 1916-21 (■1907-09' \l910-36 1911 1910-13 1931-33 1911 1910-12 1936-52 1923-34 1925-52 1908-26 1915-.52 1903-62 1898-1952 1895-1917 1937-.52 1931-52 1932-52 1929-52 1929-52 1929-52 1929-52 Source of record* uses uses USGS USGS USGS DWRWS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS SFPUC USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS SFPUC USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS (DWRWS ITID /DWRWS IMID /DWRWS IMID PGE PGE PGE PGE Map refer- ence number 5-752 5-753 5-754 5-755 5-755A 5-756 5-757 5-758 5-759 5-760 5-761 5-762 5-763 5-764 5-765 5-766 5-767 5-768 5-769 5-770 5-771 5-784 5-784B 5-784C 5-784 D 5-784 E 5-784F 5-784G 5-784 H 5-785 5-786 5-787 .5-790 5-791 5-792 5-793 5-794 5-795 5-796 5-797 5-798 5-799 5-800 5-801 Stream and location of gaging station Stanislaus River Basin — Continued Stanislaus River, North Fork, near Avery Utica Gold Mining Co. Canal near Avery Relief Creek near Baker Station Stanislaus River, Middle Fork, at Kennedy Meadows Stanislaus River, Clark Fork, near Dardanelles Stanislaus River, Middle Fork, at Sand Bar Flat Stanislaus Tunnel at outlet Knight Creek near Jupiter Rose Creek near Jupiter. Stanislaus River, South Fork, at Strawberry Philadelphia Canal near Strawberry. . Tuolumne Canal near Long Barn Stanislaus River, South Fork, near Long Barn Stanislaus River, South Fork, near Columbia Stanislaus River above Melones Power House Stanislaus River below Melones Power House Stanislaus River near Knights Ferry. South San Joaquin Canal near Knights Ferry Oakdale Canal near Knights Ferry _. Stanislaus River at Knights Ferry... Stanislaus River at Orange Blossom Bridge Littlejohns Creek at Farmington. Calaveras River Basin San Domingo Creek near San An- dreas San Antonio Creek near San Andreas. Calaveras River, South Fork, near San Andreas Calaveritas Creek near San Andreas.. Murray Creek near San Andreas Jesus Maria Creek near Mokelumne HUl Esperanza Creek near Mokelumne HUl .-- Calaveras River, North Fork, near San .\ndreas Cosgrove Creek near Valley Springs Calaveras River at Jenny Lind Calaveras River near Bellota Bear Creek near Clements Bear Creek near Lockeford Mokelumne River Basin Upper Blue Lake near Carson Pass.. Lower Blue Lake near Carson Pass.. Twin Lakes near Carson Pass Meadow Lakes near Carson Pass Tiger Creek Power House Conduit below Salt Springs Dam Mokelumne River, North Fork, be- low Salt Springs Dam Cold Creek near Mokelumne Peak.. Bear River Reservoir near Pardoe Camp Bear River at Pardoe Camp Mokelunme River, North Fork, near West Point Mokelumne River, North above Tiger Creek Fork. Drainage area, in square miles 163 50 66 318 46 898 898 972 21 395 160 23 33 272 Period of record fl914-22\ \l928-52/ 1915-21 1910-18 1938-52 1950-52 1905-52 1937-.52 1910-13 1910-13 11-171 38-52/ fl911 11938- 1939-52 1937-52 1937-52 1910-12 1932, 35, 38, 39 ,1941-52 1931-52 1915-32 1914-52 1914-52 1903-14 (1931-41 \l941-52 1926 1950-52 1950-52 1950-52 1950-52 1950-52 1550-52 1950-52 1950-52 1929-52 1907-52 1878-84 1927 1933-52 1929-52 1929-.52 1929-52 1929-52 1931-52 1926-52 1927-52 1929-52 1927-52 /1917-18\ 11924-32/ /193 11936- l-33\ 6-52/ APPENDIX B 131 TABLE 2— Continued STREAM GAGING STATIONS IN OR ADJACENT TO MOTHER LODE REGION Map refer- ence number 5-803 5-804 5-805 5-806 5-807 5-808 5-80!) 5-810 4-811 5-812 5-813 5-814 5-813 5-816 5-817 Stream and location of gaging station Mokelumne River Basin — Continued Mokelunine Ri\er, North Fork, near Electra -- Mokelumne River, Middle Fork, at West Point Mokelumne River, Licking Fork, near Railroad Flat Mokelumne River, South Fork, near Railroad Flat.. Mokelumne River, South Fork, near West Point-. Upper Standard Canal, near West Point Ijower Standard Canal, near West Point Mokelumne River at Electra Mokelumne River near Mokehunne Hill East Bay Municipal Utility District Aqueduct near Valley Springs Mokelumne River at Lancha Plana.. Camanche Creek near Camanche Rabbit Creek near Camanche Mokelumne River at Lone Star Mill. . Murphy Creek near Clements Drainage area, in square miles 538 584 5 9 Period of record /1933-351 1 1939-47 J 1911-52 /1912 1 \1915-17J 1911-34 1933-52 1929-48 1929-48 flQOl 1 1 1903-04 J 1927-52 1929-33 1926-52 1933-34 1932-34 1878-84 1932-34 Source of record* USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS PGE PGE USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS Map refer- ence number 5-818 5-824 5-823 5-826 5-827 5-828 5-829 5-830 5-830A 5-831 ,5-831 A 5-832 5-832A 5-833 5-834 5-835 5-835A 5-836 5-838 Stream and location of gaging station Mokelumne River Basin — Continued Mokelunine River near Clements . Sutter ("reek near Volcano Sutter Creek near Sutter Creek Amador Ditch near Electra. Dry Creek near lone Goose Creek near Elliott. Dry Creek near Gait Camp Creek near Sly Park Camp Creek near Camino Sly Park Creek at Sly Park Sly Park Creek near Pollock Pines... Camp Creek near Pleasant Valley Cosumnes River, North Fork, near Cosumnes Mine Cosumnes River, North Fork, near Pleasant Valley Cosumnes River, North Fork, near El Dorado Cosumnes River, Middle Fork, near Fair Play _. Cosumnes River near Plymouth Cosumnes River at Michigan Bar Hadselville Creek at C-lay Drainage area, in square miles 830 31 51 279 10 325 9 36 14 37 429 537 Period of record 1904-52 1924-27 1922-41 1929-52 /1912 \ 11925-32/ 1927-33 1926-52 1924 1948-52 190B 1948-.32 1924 1948-52 1924 1911-41 1913 1951-52 1907-52 19.30-31 Source of record* USCiS USGS USGS PGE USGS USGS USGS EB.Ml D USBR USGS USGS USGS USGS USCJS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USGS USCiS ■ liWR IHvision of Water Kcsourcci. DWItWA Didsion of Water Hcyouices, Water Rights Afljudicalinii. HWKWS division of Water Kcsuurces, Water .SupiMvision. KBMID Kasl Bay Municipal l'tilit.v District. Mein Merced Irrigation District. Mill Modesto Irrigation District. Nil) Nevada Irrigation District. (Ill) Oakdale Irrigation District. IMJl-: Pacific Gas and Electiic Coniiian.v. SKPrc i^an Francisco Puhlic ttilitics ftiriiiiiissinii Till Turlock Irrigation DLstrict. USBIt United States Bureau of Itcclaiiiatioii. US(!S United States Geological Survey. APPENDIX C COMPLETE MINERAL ANALYSES OF REPRESENTATIVE SURFACE WATERS OF THE MOTHER LODE REGION (133) AI'l'KXDIX (■ l:j3 COMPLETE MINERAL ANALYSES OF REPRESENTATIVE SURFACE WATERS OF THE MOTHER LODE REGION Stream Town- hip Chico Creek Big Butte Creek-. _ West Brancli Featlier River North Fork Feather River North Fork Feather River Middle Fork Feather River Middle Fork Featlier River South Fork Feather River North Fork Yuba River North Fork Vuha River North Fork Vuha River Middle Fork Vuha River South Fi>rk Vuha River South Fork Viiba River Yuba River Honcut Creek - Dry Creek _-. Bear River Coon Creek North Fork Auierican River Rubicon River Middle Fork Aiuprican River South Fork Aiuerican River South Fork Auierican River North Fork Cosunines River — Cosunines River Dry Creek North Fork Mokeluuine River- Middle Fork Mokeluuine River South Fork Mokelinnne River.. Mokeluuine River Mokehuiine River Calaveras River Littlejohns Creek North Fork Stanislaus River South Fork Stanislaus River Stanislaus River Dry Creek North Fork Tuolumne River — Middle Fork Tuohnnne River.. South Fork Tuolunme River — Tuolumne River Tuolumne Ri\'er Merced River South Fork Merced River Merced River Location of sampling station 24N 22N 24N 2oN 23N 20N 22N 19N 20N 19N 18N 18N 17N 17N 16N 18N 17N 13N 13N 12N 13N 12N UN UN 9N 8N 6N 7N 6N 4N 4N 4N 4N IS oN 3N 2N 2S 2N IS IS IS 3S 4S 3S 3S Range 2E 3E 4E 7E 5E 5E 12E 5E lOE 9E 7E 8E 12E 8E 6E 5E 6E 8E 6E 8E 12E 8E 8E I5E !2E 8E 9E 13E I3E 9E HE 8E HE HE 16E 1.5E 14E 13E 16E 18E 18E 15E 14E 15E 19E 20E Sec- tion 22 20 31 32 25 ! 35 18 24 28 28 33 29 35 11 5 31 1 7 I 35 29 7 3B 14 33 10 2 13 2 13 13 16 33 9 29 34 28 29 20 20 23 20 n Date of sample 10/ 2/52 10/ 1/52 10/ 1/52 10/ 3/52 10/ 3/52 10/ 2/52 10/ 3/52 10/ 2/52 10/ 3/52 10/ 3/52 10/ 3/52 10/ 3/52 10/ 6/52 10/ 3/52 10/ 2/52 1/27/53 10/ 2/52 10/ 6/52 1/26/53 10/ 6/52 9/30/52 1/26/53 9/30/52 9/29/52 9/29/52 1/27/53 1/27/53 10/ 7/52 10/ 7/52 10/ 7/52 10/ 7/52 10/ 7/52 10/' 7/52 10/ 7/52 10/ 7/52 10/ 9/52 10/ 8/52 1/27/53 10/10/52 10/10/52 10/10/52 10/10/52 10/ 8/52 10/ 8/52 10/10/32 10/10/52 Conduct- ance. EcXlC at 25''C. 16o 109 83 114 99 128 177 106 167 138 121 146 81 96 108 104 144 107 212 107 53 68 48 26 59 84 301 31 76 87 29 30 269 131 37 66 53 193 14 68 66 68 24 49 87 38 Boron, in ppm 0.12 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.11 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.10 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.01 Mineral cun8tituent«, in equivalents per million Ca 0.80 0.60 0.50 0.55 0.45 0.75 1.05 0.42 1.35 1.00 0.80 0.90 0.60 0..55 0.70 0.41 0.60 0.55 0.85 0.63 0.28 0.23 0.22 0.14 0.28 0.34 1 . 55 0.14 0.38 0.55 0.15 0.14 1.60 0.60 0.21 0.30 0.33 0.65 0.07 0.35 0.37 0.36 0.12 0.29 0.42 0.16 Mg 0.70 0.34 0.22 0.40 0.35 0.28 0.33 0.30 0.37 0.31 0.27 0.36 0.08 0.18 0.28 0.34 0.48 0.21 0.90 0.26 0.05 0.13 0.10 0.01 0.12 0.30 1.15 0.08 0.17 0.17 0.05 0.06 0.81 0.46 0.09 0.21 0.12 0.80 0.02 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.05 0.11 0.16 0.07 Na 0.38 0.25 0.20 0.23 0.23 0.34 0.43 0.39 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.27 0.15 0.24 0.16 0.30 0.02 0.23 0.42 0.15 0.17 0.08 0.22 0.15 0.22 0.16 0.42 0.08 0.22 0.18 0.08 0.09 0.42 0.28 0.09 0.16 0.10 0.48 0.05 0.19 0.14 0.19 0.06 0.10 0.30 0.14 HCO. -l-COi 1.70 1.11 0.85 1.11 0.98 1.15 1.64 0.79 l.Of. 1.31 l.Ui 1 . 25 0.69 0.70 0.93 0.88 1.18 0.61 1 . 75 0.95 0.38 0.30 0.38 0.23 0.51 0.66 2.05 0.26 0.77 0.82 0.25 0.25 2.. 36 1.73 0.36 0..56 0.31 1.43 0.13 0.69 0.61 0.66 0.21 0.43 0.62 0.25 CI 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.03 0.10 O.Ofi 0.17 0.13 0.09 O.Ofi 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.20 0.34 0.18 0.07 0.14 0.06 0.14 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.28 0.03 O.Ofi 0. 10 0.02 0.02 0.25 0.08 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.23 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.22 0.11 SOi 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.12 0.12 0.17 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.21 0.14 0.19 0.12 0.09 0.15 O.Ofi 0.25 0.13 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.04 0. 10 0.83 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0,02 0.23 0.04 0.03 0.11 0.02 0.25 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 U.02 0.04 O.Ofi 0.03 NOi trace 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 trace 0.00 trace 0.00 0.00 trace trace 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 trace 0.00 0.01 trace 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.00 trace trace 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 trace 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 00 0.00 0.00 trace trace 0.02 Sodium, percent 20 21 21 20 22 24 23 35 7 10 14 18 18 24 13 28 30 23 lU 14 33 16 39 47 33 20 13 23 27 19 27 29 15 21 21 23 18 24 33 32 22 27 27 20 33 37 Ifard- ness factor 75 47 36 48 40 32 70 36 86 66 34 63 34 37 49 38 54 38 9 46 17 19 16 8 20 32 133 11 28 36 10 10 120 S3 15 26 23 72 .5 24 25 24 9 20 29 12 APPENDIX D EXISTING RESERVOIRS AND HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS IN AND ADJACENT TO THE MOTHER LODE REGION (13T) TABLE OF CONTENTS EXISTING RESERVOIRS AND HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS IN AND ADJACENT TO THE MOTHER LODE REGION Table Page 1 Existing Reservoirs in and Adjacent to the Mother Lode Region 139 2 Existing Hydroeleeti-ic Power Plants in and Adjacent to the Mother Lode Region 140 ( i::s ) A I 'KXDIX I) l.-ill TABLE 1 EXISTING RESERVOIRS IN AND ADJACENT TO THE MOTHER LODE REGION Name Owr Storaftc capacity. in acre- feet Bowman Lake Bucks Lake Bullards Bar Butt Valley Camp Far West Cherry Valley Concow Dallas- Warner Don Pedro Echo Lake Englebright Exchequer Farmington Folsom French Lake Hetch Hetchy Hogan Kunkle Lake Al manor Lake Combie Lake Eleanor Lake Fordyce Lake Spaulding Lake Tabeaud Lake Valley Lake Wyandotte Loon Lake Lost Creek Lower Bear River. _ Lower Blue Lake... Lyons -- Alagalia Main Strawberry — Meadow Lake Melones _. Mountain Meadows North Fork. Owens Pardee Philbrook Phoenix Relief Round Valley Salt Springs Salt Spring Valley. . Schaad__ Scotts Flat Silver Lake Silver Valley Sly Park-- Spicer Meadows Twin Lakes Twin Lake Upper Bear River. _ Upper Blue Lake Union Utica Webber Creek Woodward Yosemite Lake Nevada Irrigation District Pacific Clas and Electric Company...-.-. _„ Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific (las and Electric Company Camp Far West Irrigation District City and Covmty of San Francisco. _ Thermalito and Table Mountain Irrigation Districts Modesto IrriKatio[i District. Modesto and Turlock Irrigation Districts . Pacific (las and Electric Company. California Debris Commission Merced Irrigation District United States Corps of Engineers United States Bureau of Reclamation Nevada Irrigation District City and County of San Francisco City of Stockton _ Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Nevada Irrigation District City and County of San Francisco Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Oroville-Wyandotte Irrigation District- Georgetown Divide Public Utility District OroWllc-Wyandotte Irrigation District Pacific Gas and Elecrtic Company Pacific Ga-s and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Paradise Irrigation District Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Oakdale and South San Joaquin Irrigation Districts. Pacific Gas and Electric Comjiany California Debris Commission Turlock Irrigation District. East Bay Municijjal Utility District Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Rock Creek Water District Calaveras Public Utility District- Nevada Irrigation District Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company L'nited States Bureau of Reclamation Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company — Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company El Dorado Irrigation District South San .Ioa2.0r)0 1.000.000 12..'»00 360.00(i 70.000 I .:t08,000 9,000 27.800 46,662 74,488 1.165 8.127 1.300 8.000 5,200 48.500 4.300 5.508 3.540 18.600 5,850 112.500 24.800 14.600 49.000 210.000 4,875 &50 15.122 1.285 139.40f» 10.900 1,718 26.300 8.726 4.600 41.000 3.800 1.300 21.250 6.712 7.500 2,000 2.400 1,275 35.000 7,000 140 SURVEY OF MOUNTAINOUS AREAS TABLE 2 EXISTING HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS IN AND ADJACENT TO THE MOTHER LODE REGION Name Alta American River Angels Bear River Unit (Salt Springs Power House) Big Bend Bucks Creek BuUards Bar Caribou Centerville Coal Canyon Colgate Cresta Deer Creek De Sabia Don Pedro Drum -- Dutch Flat Early Intake El Dorado Electra Exchequer - Folsom No. 2 b Halsey Hamilton Branch La Grange Lime Saddle Melones Merced Falls Moccasin Murphys Narrows Nimbus " Pardee Phoenix Rock Creek Salt Springs Spaulding No. 1 Spaulding No. 2 Spaulding No. 3 Spring Gap Stanislaus - Tiger Creek _ Wise West Point Yosemite Owner Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company. - Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Turlock and Modesto Irrigation Districts Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Cias and Electric Company City and County of San Francisco Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Merced Irrigation District United States Bureau of Reclamation — Pacific Gas and Electric Company. _ _. Pacific Gas and Electric Company Turlock and Modesto Irrigation Districts.. _ — Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company — Pacific Gas and Electric Company City and County of San Francisco — Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company United States Bureau of Reclamation East Bay Municipal Utility District Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company U. S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service Stream Bear River South Fork American River- Angels Creek North Fork Mokelumne River — North Fork Feather River North Fork Feather River _. North Yuba River North Fork Feather River Big Butte Creek. West Fork Feather River Yuba River^ Nortli Fork Feather River Deer C reek Big Butte Creek Tuolumne River Bear River Bear River - Tuohmine River — South Fork American River Mokelumne River Merced River American River Dry Canyon Hamilton Branch, North Fork Feather River Tuolumne River West Branch. Feather River Stanislaus River Merced River Moccasin Creek Angels Creek Yuba River. American River Mokelumne River Sullivan Creek North Fork Feather River , North Fork Mokelumne River Soutli Yuba River South Yuba River South Yuba River Middle Fork Stanislaus River Stanislaus River North Fork Mokelumne River Auburn Ravine North Fork Mokelumne River Merced River Installed power capacity, in kilowatts " 1.800 .'").600 1.000 29.000 70.000 60.000 7.500 73.000 G.400 900 25.000 70,000 5.700 13.000 26.990 52.000 22.000 3.600 21.000 92,000 25.000 162.000 J 1 .000 4,800 3.900 2.000 26.000 3.500 70,000 3.800 12.000 13.500 15.000 1,800 110,000 12,000 7.000 4,400 5,800 7,000 40,000 58,000 14.000 15.000 2.000 I » Pacific Gas and Electric Company power plant capacities are b Generating units to be installed in 1954 and 1955. « Generating units to be installed in 1955. "gross normal operating capacities" as defined by the company. APPENDIX E REPORT OF BOARD OF REVIEW ON THE LAND CLASSIFICATION SURVEY OF CALAVERAS AND TUOLUMNE COUNTIES ( 141 AI'PEXDIX E u;i REPORT BY BOARD OF REVIEW, ON THE LAND CLASSIFICATION SURVEY OF CALAVERAS AND TUOLUMNE COUNTIES CALIFORNIA October, 1950 At the recjuest of A. D. Edmonston, State Eiifrineer, Walter W. Weir, Division of Soils, T^iiivei-sity of California; Robert A. Gardner, Division of Soil Sur- vey, U. S. Department of Agriculture; and lialph C. Cole, Branch of Operation and Maintenance, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, were designated by their respective organizations to constitute a Board for the review of a elassifieation of the lands of Calaveras and Tuolumne Counties as to their suitability for irrigation. The field examination was made on Sep- tember 18, 19, and 20, 1950, followed by an office conference on September 21, 1950. During these in- vestigations the Board was accompanied by John W. Shannon and Roy N. Haley of the Division of Water Resources, who had conducted the field work and made the classification which was being reviewed. The findings of this Board are set forth in the follow- ing paragraphs. DISCUSSION OF STANDARDS The land classification standards as given in the typewritten report, "Land Classification Standards and Criteria, Survey of Mountainous Areas, Cala- veras and Tuolumne Counties." by Mr. Shannon were carefully reviewed prior to the inspection of the mapping. In these investigations the paramount considerations were : first, whether or not the stand- ards were adequate to cover all land which could be considered suitable for irrigation in these counties, and second, whether or not the lands were mapped in compliance with the classification standards set up. During the course of the field inspection it was observed : (1) In the field mapping both loose rock and rock outeroppings were considered, whereas the sjjccifica- tions in Table 1 of "Land Classification Standards and Criteria, Survey of Mountainous Areas, Cala- veras and Tuolumne Counties", mention loose rock only. It is agreed that both of these items should be considered in the classification. (2) In mapping Class 4(3) lands wherever dei)th of soil is the limiting factor, stoniness sufficient to slightly reduce productivity and interfere with cul- tural practices is jiermitted as inclusions within the land class, whereas when the soils are deep and slope is the important factor in the delineation, stoniness to moderately reduce productivity and interf(>ri' with cultural practices is permitted as an inclusion. In the specifications (Table 1) a moderate amount of stoni- ness is ])ermitte(l in all of Class 4(3) lands. It is agreed that less stoniness should be permitted where the soils are shallow. (3) Class 4-P as mapped ])eriiiits of slopes u)) to the maxinnun of Class 4(3) and stoniness only to tin- maximum of Class 4(2). The ma.ior criteria in this class is the extreine shallown<'ss of the soil. The s|)eci- fications are indefinite in this r-espect and should be more specificall.v defined. In order to more carefully check the minimum standards for Class 4(3) and 4-P the Storie Index for the mininuun requirements for each was computed and was found to range between 17 and 20 per cent. It was concluded that this value represents the ex- treme lower limits of lands that can be considered suitable for irrigation. All other land classes niapiied within tlie area are considered projierly defined. The board also considers that all land classes suitable for irrigation are in- cluded within the land classes used in this survey. CONSIDERATION OF MAPPING The field mapping was done on contact prints of aerial photographs of scale 1 to 20,000. Land classi- fication areas were delineated in the field according to field observations of topography, depth of soil, and stoniness and rockiness. These field obsei-vations were later checked in the field office by stereoptie observa- tions particularly for slope, stoniness and rockiness. The mapping was done on a reconnaissance basis, each mapper covering about (i to 8 square miles per day. It was observed that there were instances where small tracts of lauds suitable for irrigation but iso- lated by extensive areas of land not suitable for irriga- tion were not mapped out. Likewise there were small bodies of land not suitable for irrigation that were included in large areas of lands suitable for irrigation. Tliis is what would be expected on this type of sur- vey. More precise separations could only be accom- plished by mapping in greater detail. It is believed, however, that greater detail in niapinng would not materially alter tlie acreage of laml suitable for irri- gation for each county from that found by this survev. 144 SURVEY OF MOUNTALNOUS AREAS The field iuspections revealed that the mapping was done consistent with the specifications established witli the exce|)tions noted above, and that these ex- ceptions more properly define these classes than do the specifications presented in the report. Ill considering the classification and mapping in these two counties special attention was paid to the following areas for each of which a brief discussion is given of the soil conditions and mapi)ing problems encountered. 1 . Keystone Area In the Keystone area the soils are in the main relatively shallow and rocky with considerable com- plexity of relief patterns. These soils are in the main of the Dorado and Auburn soil series. The Dorado soils are relatively shallow having been formed on metamorphosed sedimentary rock materials. The soils of the Auburn series are formed on metamorphosed igneous rocks, particularly amphybolite schist. The very limited acreage now irrigated in this area is devoted to irrigated pasture, Avith yields being fair to poor. 2. Jamestown and Chinese Camp Area Here the soils are also mainly of the Dorado and Auburn soil series, and the conditions are similar to those described for the Keystone area. There is probably a slight increase in the acreage iinder irrigation in this area. 3. Grove/and Area In the Groveland area the soils are of good depth, usually four feet or more to bedrock. They are largely from basic igneous rocks and may be classified as members of the Aiken series. The mapping problems in this area consisted largely in mapping out areas of favorable topography. Most of the exclusions con- sist of areas with very complex relief patterns or with slopes that are so steep that they were not con- sidered favorable for irrigation. There is only a very small amount of irrigation in the Groveland area. 4. Standard, Tuolumne Area The soils here are derived mainly from granitic rock sources, and they consist mostly of soils of the Sierra, Cuyamaca, and Holland series. The Sierra .soils are red; the Cuyamaca soils have pale surface soils with redder .subsoils, and the Holland soils are brown or greyish-brown. In general, the soils are deep, and the mapping problems consist largely of mapping suitable topography for irrigation. In this locality the slopes are complex and there are some very steep slopes. The irrigated crops in this area con- sist largely of apples. There is also a little irrigated pasture. Production appears to be only fair in this localitv. 5. Sonora, Columbia, and Murphy Areas In this area there are considerable outcroppings of limestone. The soils are rather shallow and are derived from the limestone. Also in this locality are rather shallow rocky soils, red in color, derived from basic igneous rocks probably closely associated with soils of the Auburn series. In this area there are some alluvial soils on the stream bottoms. Most of the mapping problems in the Sonora, Columbia, and Murpliys areas are involved in rough complex slopes and shallow and stony soils. There are some apples and irrigated pasture in this area, most of the apples being in the vicinity of Murphys and largely on stream bottom lands rather than on the upland soils. 6. Sheep Ranch, Angels Camp Area In this area the soils are derived largely from meta- morphosed sedimentaiy rocks, but the soils are deeper than those listed for the Keystone and Chinese Camp areas. These soils consist largely of those comprising the Sites series, but there are also some soils of the Aiken series. These lie at higher elevations around Averys. In this particular district we made special obser- vations at Ariola Ranch, west of Frogtowu, where gravity irrigation is in use on relatively steep slopes for irrigated pasture. The soils are members of the Sites series, and the area was classified as 4 (-3). This particular pasture looked good. 7. Mountain Ranch and Railroad Flat Areas The soils in this area are mainly of the Sites series having medium depth and complex slopes. There are also some alluvial soils along the stream bottoms. Irrigated pasture, walnuts, and apples are grown in this area. Although some of the trees appear to be very productive there is a great difference in sizes of trees throughout the orchards, giving these or- chards a spotty appearance. The one exception was the Mountain Ranch orchard where the trees appeared to be making good growth and were relatively uni- form in size. This orchard is on alluvial soils. Class 2. There are rather extensive clearings of land now in progress in the vicinity of Mountain Ranch. 8. West Point Area This area consists largely of soils derived from granitic rocks. The soils are largely of the Sierra and Cuyamaca series. In this area the soils are deep. Map- ping problems consisted largely of separating lands of suitable topography. In many areas the slopes are very complex. The crops in this area are mainly wal- nuts, some of which are irrigated and some are grown without irrigation. Although the trees on the irri- gated areas look better than those which are not irrigated there is considerable spottiness in all the orchards. The total area in crops is small. i A]MM':XI)1X K 14.') 9. Mokelumne Hill, San Andreas This area consists largely of shallow soils formed on slates largely of the Mariposa series. Irrigated areas consist mainly of irrigated pasture with a small amount of fruit in the vicinity of Mokelumne Hill. Although the slopes in this area are not overly steep the topography is very irregular. There is a great amount of rockiness and stoniness with a consider- able amount of slate outcroppings. JO. Salt Springs Valley Salt Springs Valle.v contains considerable alluvial stream bottom land which is classified mainly as Class 2. These areas are suitable for irrigation for fruit, pasture, and other forage crops. The upland soils in the Salt Springs area are very shallow, although the slopes are not excessive. The principal soils series are the Amador, White Rock and related series. The Amador soils are formed on rocks consisting largely of rhyolito tuffs. These soils have favorable macro- relief, but are cut up with hog-wallow micro-relief. They are also very shallow and because of the acidic nature of the parent rocks they have a low nutrient level, and are not vei-y productive. Soils of the White Rock series are formed from light colored slates. These soils are extremely shallow and are likewise relatively infertile. Areas of both Amador and White Rock series are mapped as Class 4(P) suitable only for irrigated pasture. 11. Milton-Valley Springs Area In this area there are also considerable acreages of alluvial soils similar to the Salt Springs Valley area and also extensive areas of soils of the Amador series which have the same adaptability as those described in the Salt Springs area. In addition to these soils there are some soils of the Whitney. Auburn, and Pentz series. Attention was called to several areas in which old and fairly good olive orchards occur. For the most part these olive orchards are on soils of the Whitney and Auburn series. Both of these soils are much better adapted to these crops than are the Amador and Pentz soils. The Amador and Pentz soils are much more extensive in area. As a matter of fact most of the Whitney and Auburn soils of this area which have topograptiy suitable for irri- gation are planted to olives. In general, the Pentz soils have rough topography. They are represented by the "haystack mountain" type of topography which is so conspicuous in this area. The Amador soils occupy lower lying positions. The Whitney soils are formed on brown sandstones and conglomerates and arc of medium depth. Also in this area are some old valley terraces consisting mostly of soils of the Redding series. These soils have gravelly and cobbly surface textures and have hardpans at relatively shallow depths. Although suited for irrigated pasture, they are not suitable for fruit. In summary it is felt tliat the specifications iised for this survey are adequate to cover all lands which can be considered suitable for irrigation It is felt that the mapping has been consistent with the map- ping standards established. In the lower portions of both Calaveras and Tuolumne Counties most of the 4(P) lands have relatively favorable topography. The slopes usually are less than 20 per cent with the ma- jority of areas averaging not over 15 per cent in slope. Because of the infertility of some of the soils of this area, particularly those derived from the Amador and White Rock series, it is felt that some of the mapping is probably a little too generous, and some of these areas mapped as -lr(P) might better have been mapped as Class 6. At the higher elevations throughout the two coun- ties the main consideration was relief involving mainly complexity of slopes, and here the classifica- tion and mapping are entirely adequate and satisfac- tory. Throughout the entire review of the field map- ping we did not encounter any area of significant size where it was felt the mapping was too severe or where lands should be raised to a higher class. (Signed) Walter W. Weir University of California (Signed) Robert A. Gardner U. S. Dei)artment of Agriculture (Signed) Ralph C. Cole IT. S. Bureau of Reclamation APPENDIX F APPLICATION OF WATER IN EDEN VALLEY, PENRYN VALLEY, SAILOR RAVINE, AND FROM SHIRLAND DITCH, PLACER COUNTY, 1951 (147) TABLE OF CONTENTS APPLICATION OF WATER IN EDEN VALLEY, PENRYN VALLEY, SAILOR RAVINE, AND FROM SHIRLAND DITCH, PLACER COUNTY, 1951 Page Application of Water on Portion of Eden Valley Watershed, Placer County, 1951 149 Application of Water on Penryn Valley, Placer County, 1951 149 Application of Water on Sailor Ravine Watershed, Placer County, 1951 150 Application of Water on Shirland Ditch Watershed, Placer County, 1951 __ 150 ( 14S ■) APPENDIX F APPLICATION OF WATER ON PORTION OF EDEN VALLEY WATERSHED, PLACER COUNTY, 1951 149 Location: T. 14 N., R. 9 E., M. D. B. & M., portions of Sections 16 and 21 Average elevation „ _ 2,350 feet Drainage area 384 acres Irrigated lands 113 acres rules and brush „ 1 ] acres (In acre-feet) Period 5-1 to 5-31 6-1 to 6-30 _ 7-1 to 7-31 _ 8-1 to 8-31- 9-1 to 9-30 _ ReKulated iiiHow to irrigated lands 58 56 58 58 56 Rainfall watershed 5-1 to 9-30 _ 286 Less applied water consumed by tules and brvish (estimated) Total inflow 172 56 38 58 56 400 Outflow 65 21 15 11 9 Applied water retained by irrigated lands _ Average retention of applied water by irrigated lands 1 .3 feet 15.5 inches Water retained watershed 107 35 43 47 47 279 Rej^ulated water retained in waterwlied 18* 35 43 47 47 190 44 * Estimated from daily records of inflow, outflow, and precipitation. NOTB.S: The infliiw stations for this study consisted of 13 diversions from the Boardman Canal regularly measured hv the Paeidc Cas and Electric Company The outflow station eonsisterl (if a water stage recorder on a drain, installed, rated, and operated during the study by the llivisiori of Water Resources. The orchards in this watershed vary in size of trees from large to small. TTie side slopes arc on about S per cent grade. Hillside native vegetation Is pine forest and iiiatr/anita brush. APPLICATION OF WATER ON PENRYN VALLEY, PLACER COUNTY, 1951 Location: T. 11 N., R. 7 E., M. D. B. & M., portions of Sections 3, 4, 5, Droinoge area 8, 9, and 17; T. 12 N., R. 7 E., M. D. B. & M., portions of Sections Irrigated londs 26, 27, 28, 32, 33, and 34 Tules ond brush Average devotion „ „ 500 feet (In acre-feet) 6,025 acres 3,240 acres 1,020 acres Period Regulated inflow to irrigated lands Rainfall on watershed Total inflow Outflow Water retainerl in watershed Regulated water retained in watershed 5-1 to 5-31 1.786 2.325 2,631 2,719 2.311 748 2..i34 2.325 2.631 2.719 2.311 .505 95 95 111 250 2.029 2.230 2.536 2.608 2,061 1.236» 2.230 2.536 2.608 2.061 6-1 to 6-30 7-1 to 7-31 . 8-1 to 8-31 9-1 to 9-30 5-1 to 9-30 11 772 748 12.520 1,056 11,464 10.671 4.080 Less applied water consumed bv tules and brn.sh (estimated ) .\l)pUed water retained by irrigate Average retention of applied water by d lands -_ 6 591 irrigated lands 2.0 feet 24 . 4 inches * Estimated fmni liaily records of inflow, outflow, and precipitation. NOTES: Inflow stations for this study were at the liead of the Antelope Canal and on tlie Ued Ravine Canal at tlie Southern Pacific Railway crossing. The outflow stations were on Antelope Creek near Rocklin. and wastes from the Antelope Canal at Clover Valley Reservoir and at the end of the canaL All stations were installed, rated, and oper- ated by the Itivision of Water Resomces. The lower thrce-fourtlis of Penryn Valley has a slope of about 1 per cent and the upper fourth has a slope of about 4 per cent. Orchards vary from very Roorl to poor. Hillside native vegetation is oak and brush. 150 SURVEY OP MOUNTAINOUS AREAS APPLICATION OF WATER ON SAILOR RAVINE WATERSHED, PLACER COUNTY, 1951 Location: T. 13 N., R. 7 E., M. D. B. & M., portions of Section 36; T. 13 N., R. 8 E., M. D. B. & M., portions of Section 31 Average elevation 1,500 feet (In acie-feet) Drainage area - 360 acres Irrigated lands _ 209 acres Tules and brush 16 acres Period Regulated inflow to irrigated lands Rainfall on watershed Total inflow Outflow Water retained in watershed Regulated water retained in watershed 96 158 164 164 158 98 194 158 164 164 158 71 48 50 51 61 123 110 114 113 97 36* fi 1 to 6-30 110 114 ft 1 to 8-31 - -- 113 Q 1 to 9 30 - - 97 .T 1 to Q 30 - 740 98 838 281 557 470 64 Applied water retained by irriuate Average retention of applied water by d lands 406 irrigated lands 2.0 feet 23 . 4 inches * Estimated from daily records of Inflow, outflow, and precipitation. NOTES: The inflow stations for this study consisted of 3 Nevada Irrigation District diversion l)oxes on the Vernon Extension Canal luid Roehr Pipe Line, regularly measured by the District. Tlie outflow station consisted of a water stage recorder on Sailor Ravine l)elow Ilie Francis Ranch, installed, rated, and operated by the Division of Water Resources. This watershed is cliaracterized hy excellent oichaids. mostly cover-cropped, and averaging almuf li per cent slopes. Hillside native vegetation is mostly »ak. APPLICATION OF WATER ON SHIRLAND DITCH WATERSHED, PLACER COUNTY, 1951 Location: T. 12 N., R. 8 E., M. D. B. & M., portions of Sections 27, 28, 33, and 34 Average elevation 1,050 feet (In acre-feet) Drainage area - 1,325 acres Irrigated lands 687 acres Tules and brush - - 121 acres Period Regulated inflow to irrigated lands Rainfall on watershed Total inflow Outflow Water retained in watershed Regulated water retained in watershed 228 465 482 434 415 361 589 465 482 434 415 128 81 56 59 105 461 384 426 375 310 104* 6 1 to 6-30 - 384 7 1 to 7-31 - . .. 426 8 1 to 8-3 1 - - 375 310 •T 1 to 9 30 - - 2,024 361 2.385 429 1,956 1.599 r.r^A K.-I.C), fo^*ir,^^itaA ) 484 Applied water retained by irrigate Average retention of applied water by d lands 1.115 irrigated lands 1 .6 19.5 feet inches • Estimated from daily records of inflow, outflow, and precipitation. , ,. „ , , , , NOTES: Tlie inflow station for this study was located on tlie Shirland Ditcli at its head. Tlie outtlnu statii.ns were located on Mormon Creek above the houtli (anal and on the Shlrland Drain near Scott's Corner. Tlie stations were installed, rated, and operated hy the liivision cif Water Resources. The lands inigated in this wateished ace on 8 per cent or steeper slopes. Hillside native vegi'latioii is mostly oak and brush with scattered puie. priiited in California state printing office 119504 5-55 IM "Vvi V ^^ THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO Jl.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. AUG 6 1U9^ iOAivii 6 FEB MAR 3 1963 MAY 2 1 1963 OCT 9 1963 0CT28JS63 'MM 2 1964 4W ' -"' FEB28RBrO Book PHYS SCI LiaRARY OCT 9 1979 E'OEIVED HOV 81979 EljIYS SCI LIBRARY JUN 1 ^ 1991J^ t?ECEIVtD ,l.iN 8 i£3C 81iM^Y-8Qpy62|^Y58 i Call Number: PHYSICAL SCIENCES LIBRARY 141B93 3 U75 00451 0031 ».-Mf ^m-^