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THE 
 
 HERALDRY 
 
 O F 
 
 $t. JJndrews Ofniversify 
 
 BY 
 
 James Maitland Anderson 
 
 UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN 
 
 W. & A. K. JOHNSTON 
 
 EDINBURGH AND LONDON 
 
 1 895 
 
r 
 PREFACE. MA-'A) 
 
 PJHIS little book has been got up in 
 connection with the St. ANDREWS 
 UNIVERSITY Bazaar of 1895, and any profits 
 that may arise from its sale will go to the 
 Funds of the STUDENTS 1 Union. In it an 
 attempt has been made for the first time to 
 reproduce the various Armorial Bearings 
 connected with the UNIVERSITY and its 
 COLLEGES in heraldic colours. The subject 
 is somewhat intricate, and authorities upon it 
 differ so much in minor details, that I cannot 
 hope to have attained to absolute correctness 
 in the representation of the different Coats of 
 Arms. But I have done my best, in the limited 
 time at my disposal, to secure the combination 
 of Heraldic accuracy with artistic finish. In 
 
 119 
 
( 4 ) 
 
 the Plates I have, for various reasons, been 
 obliged to confine myself to the Blazoning 
 of the Shields, omitting Supporters and other 
 accessories. I need scarcely say that I shall 
 gladly welcome the friendly criticism of experts 
 in Heraldry, and will seek to profit by it in 
 view of a larger work which I have in hand. 
 
 I desire to express my indebtedness to the 
 Rev. Dr Woodward's admirable Works on 
 Heraldry, which I have made free use of and 
 found most helpful. My best thanks are 
 likewise due to Messrs W. & A. K. JOHNSTON 
 for the skill and despatch with which they 
 have performed their part of the work. The 
 booklet has been planned, compiled and printed 
 within three weeks. 
 
 J. M. A. 
 
 itf/, 1895. 
 
THE 
 
 HERALDRY 
 
 OF 
 
 St. Andrews University. 
 
 rfrvf HERE has in recent years been a 
 growing interest in the Heraldry <>f 
 corporations and public bodies, and 
 *V\ I am constantly receiving com- 
 munications from different parts of the country, 
 and even from the Continent, containing re- 
 quests for information as to the Armorial 
 Bearings of the UNIVERSITY OF St. ANDREWS, 
 and particularly for coloured representations of 
 them. 
 
 It has always been a cause of regret to me 
 that I have been obliged to inform such corres- 
 
( 6 ) 
 
 pondents that the most ancient University in 
 and has no Coat of Arms at all. But such 
 is actually the case. The UNIVERSITY has 
 never matriculated any Armorial Bearings at the 
 Lyon Office, and has consequently no legal title 
 to bear Arms. This, however, is the rule rather 
 than the exception, many other Universities 
 and Civic Corporations being in precisely the 
 same position. There is, perhaps, no real 
 necessity for a University or College using a 
 Heraldic Coat of Arms, but in every case in 
 which Armorial Bearings are officially employed 
 it is desirable that they should be legitimate 
 and authentic. It would be well therefore if 
 the University of St. Andrews even yet 
 followed the example recently set by Aberdeen, 
 and had its Arms properly designed and 
 matriculated. 
 
 But although many Universities have no 
 Armorial Bearings they all have Seals, and in 
 the case of the older Universities, the different 
 Faculties, and even the different Nations into 
 
( 7 ) 
 
 which the University was divided, had each 
 their separate Seal. Seals were at one time 
 essential for the authentication of all official 
 and legal documents, and they are still almost 
 universally attached to academical diplomas 
 and certificates. 
 
 In St. ANDREWS, if I mistake not, the 
 UNIVERSITY has all along possessed a Common 
 Seal, and so has each of the three Colli 
 The Faculty of Arts had also a Seal, and in all 
 likelihood the other three Faculties had them too. 
 The Faculty of Arts at its very first recorded 
 meeting, held on 25th March 14 14, resolved that 
 there should be two Seals, one for the Dean, 
 and another for the Receptor or Quaestor. 
 Later on, in 1457, a Committee was appointed 
 to design a Seal for the Dean of the Faculty, 
 and it was recommended that a Seal should be 
 made having engraved upon it a lady holding 
 a globe in her hand, with the circumscription : 
 Sigilliim Decani Facultatis Artiiim Universitatis 
 Sancti Andrae in Scotia. Unfortunately no 
 
( 8 ) 
 
 impression of any Faculty Seal is known to 
 exist. 
 
 The Seal of St. SALVATOR'S COLLEGE, 
 founded in 1450, is oval in shape and ecclesi- 
 astical in design. It exists in at least two 
 forms, but they differ very slightly from each 
 other. On the older of the two there is a 
 figure of the Saviour standing under a richly 
 ornamented canopy. His right hand is raised 
 in the act of blessing, his left hand holds an 
 open book, and his left foot rests upon a globe. 
 In the lower part, under a mitre, is a shield 
 bearing the Arms of Bishop KENNEDY, the 
 founder of the COLLEGE. The legend is : 
 Sigillum commune Collegii Sancti Salvatoris in 
 civ it ate Sancti Andrea?. In the later form, of 
 which the brass matrix is still preserved, the 
 open book is removed, and the Saviour holds 
 the globe, surmounted by a cross, in his left 
 hand. The legend is also slightly different, 
 viz. : Sigillum commune Collegii Divi Salvatoris 
 infra civ it at cm Sancti Andrea?. 
 
( 9 ) 
 
 The Seal of St. Leonard's COLLEGE, 
 founded in 15 12, is similar in shape to St. 
 Salvator's, but smaller. It appears to have 
 varied in form from time to time. The earliest 
 specimens show the figure of an Abbot, fully 
 vested, his right hand raised in the act of bless- 
 ing, and his left hand holding a Pastoral Staff. 
 Under his right elbow is an instrument which 
 has been described as a shacklebolt or fetter. 
 The figure is probably intended for St. 
 Leonard, Abbot and Confessor, the Patron 
 Saint of the College. The legend reads: 
 Sigillum commune Collegii Paupcnim Sancti 
 Leonard i. After the Reformation a Seal in an 
 exceedingly rude and debased style of art came 
 into use. The existing impressions are very 
 poor and difficult to make out ; but in the 
 centre there is the figure of a man seated, with 
 what appears to be an ordinary Staff or Shep- 
 herd's Crook in his right hand, and a book in 
 his left. Underneath is a shield and some 
 initials — probably those of the Principal of the 
 
( io ) 
 
 .LEGE for the time being. The legend is: 
 Sigillutn Collegii Divi Leonardi, and a date. 
 In an impression dated 1627, the Shield has 
 disappeared, and the Seal takes the unusual 
 form of an inverted heart. 
 
 The pre-Reformation Seal of St. Mary's 
 College, founded in 1537, is also oval in shape, 
 but somewhat crude in design and workman- 
 ship. It contains a figure of the Virgin Mary 
 standing in a crescent with the child JESUS on 
 her right arm. Rays issue from the figure all 
 round, apparently to represent an aureola. The 
 only impression I have met with is rather indis- 
 tinct, and it is scarcely possible to decipher the 
 legend with certainty. It appears to be : Sigil- 
 lutn Novi Collegii Assumptions Virginis Maria' 
 in Sanclo Andrea. 
 
 There is in the possession of the UNIVERSITY 
 the brass matrix of another Seal, of which I 
 have seen no impression upon wax, but which 
 is believed to be likewise a Seal of St. Mary's. 
 Mr Henry Laing, however, was very strongly of 
 
( " ) 
 
 opinion that it had no connection with Scotland, 
 but must have belonged to some foreign College. 
 It bears the figure of a winged female resting 
 her right elbow on the top of a Tau Cross, and 
 
 standing in a crescent upon a skeleton lying 
 prostrate at the foot of it. Her face is looking 
 heavenwards, and in her outstretched left hand 
 is an open book. Suspended from the right arm 
 of the cross is a bit and bridle. The legend is as 
 follows: S. Collegii S. TJieohgice Dicati F. Andre. 
 Relligio Sutntni Sancta PatrU Soboies. 
 
( " ) 
 
 This emblematical figure appears in Beza's 
 [cones, published in 1580, and has been used, 
 both before and after that date, as a device by 
 printers at Geneva, Lyons, Sedan, and else- 
 where. It is certainly somewhat difficult to 
 connect such a Seal with St. Mary's College 
 in the absence of impressions attached to docu- 
 ments, but it is quite possible that the design 
 may have been selected for the COLLEGE 
 shortly after 1579, in which year St. Mary's 
 was restricted to the teaching of Theology. 
 The latter part of the legend forms, with a 
 slight variation, the second line of the following 
 poetical explanation of the emblem as published 
 by Rex a : — 
 
 Quaenam sic lacero vestita incedis amictu ? 
 
 Relligio, summi vera Patris soboles. 
 Cur vestis tarn vilis ? opes contemno caducas. 
 
 Quis liber hie ? Patris lex veneranda mei. 
 Cur nudum pectus ? decet hoc candoris amicam. 
 
 Cur innixa cruci ? Crux mihi sola quies. 
 Cur alata ? homines doceo super astra volare. 
 
 Cur radians ? mentis discutio tenebras. 
 Quid docet hoc frenum ? mentis cohibere furores. 
 
 Cur tibi mors premitur? mors quia mortis ego. 
 
( >3 ) 
 
 Through the kindness of Messrs William 
 Blackwood & Sons, Publishers, Edinburgh, I am 
 
 enabled to give a representation of this curious 
 Seal. 
 
 The Colleges of St. Salvator and St. 
 
 LEONARD were united by Act of Parliament in 
 1747, but no new Seal appears to have been 
 devised for the UNITED COLLEi 
 
 The "Colours" of the UNIVERSITY and 
 COLLEGE^ have never been properly defined. 
 They should be as follows:— for the UNIVER- 
 SITY generally, irrespective of Colleges, Blue 
 and Red; for the UNITED COLLEGE, Red and 
 Black; and for St. Mary's COLLEGE, Blue and 
 Black ; these being the only Heraldic Colours 
 appearing in the Armorial Bearings of the 
 respective Founders. 
 
 The personal or family Arms of the Founders 
 of Universities and Colleges usually form an 
 integral part of any heraldic device which 
 these may adopt, and they often form the sole 
 design on badges and other decorations con- 
 
( 14 ) 
 
 nectcd with them. In addition to the Ancient 
 and Modern Seals of the University, I have 
 accordingly reproduced in the following Plates 
 the Arms of the Founders of the University 
 itself, and of its three COLLEGES. Some day 
 I hope to extend the series so as to include 
 its Chancellors, Rectors, and other distinguished 
 Officers and Benefactors. Meantime I must 
 content myself with this slight contribution to 
 an interesting feature in the history of the 
 University. 
 
PLATE I. 
 
 %ht JMtoent <S*al at the Enibersiti). 
 
;Dcscrij)fion of llic £lalcs. 
 
 LATE 
 
 I. 
 
 THE ANCIENT SEAL OF THE UNIVERSITY. 
 
 I have not been able to discover when the 
 first common Seal of the UNIVERSITY was 
 made, but it must have been at a very early 
 period of its history. The mere fact that the 
 Seal not only contains but gives prominence 
 to the Arms of PETER DE LUNA, whom the 
 University renounced in 141 8, in favour of 
 Martin V., would seem to indicate that it must 
 have been designed before that date. Not a 
 single impression of it is known to be extant 
 appended to any document, but happily the 
 brass matrix is still preserved. The design is 
 well conceived and the workmanship is of a 
 high order of merit. The Seal is a round one 
 
( 16 ) 
 
 and measures fully 3 inches in diameter. 
 Under a triple canopy a Regent Master is 
 seated at a desk on the dexter side, in the act 
 of reading and expounding a codex to a class 
 of seven students who are seated behind a table 
 on the sinister side. In the intervening space 
 the Bedellus, in a sitting posture, is holding a 
 mace. The centre is occupied with the figure of 
 St. Andrew extended upon his cross, and the 
 background is ornamented with foliage. Above 
 the central canopy is a shield, supported by two 
 nude figures, bearing the Arms of Peter de 
 Luna. Over the dexter canopy is a shield 
 bearing the Royal Arms of Scotland ; and over 
 the sinister canopy is another shield bearing the 
 Arms of BlSHOP WARDLAW. The legend is : 
 Sigillum Universitatis Doctorum Magistrorum 
 et Scalar ium Sancti Andree. 
 
 This Seal is looked upon as a very excellent 
 one of its kind and is very much admired by 
 collectors. The design is certainly striking and 
 appropriate, but it is not altogether original. 
 
PLATE II. 
 
 Wu itoibitn §tnl &i the Enfoeratts. 
 
( 17 ) 
 
 The idea of a professor and his class enters into 
 quite a number of early University Seals. It 
 occurs for instance in a Seal of the Chancellor 
 and University of Oxford of the fourteenth 
 century, and in one of the University of Paris 
 of the thirteenth century. In at least three 
 of the fourteenth century Seals of the Nations 
 at Paris, the same element likewise appears, 
 as well as in the Seals of the Faculties of Law 
 and Medicine in that University. Although 
 this fine Seal has ceased to be used as the 
 official Seal of the University, it is still employed 
 in slightly varying forms and sizes for Ex libris 
 and other more or less ornamental purposes. 
 
 Plate II. 
 
 THE MODERN SEAL OF THE UNIVERSITY. 
 
 When, in the course of the nineteenth cen- 
 tury, the issue of Diplomas began to increase 
 from year to year, it was found necessary to 
 
( r8 ) 
 
 devise some simpler method of sealing them 
 than by an impression upon wax enclosed in 
 a tin box measuring 10 inches in circumference. 
 The old Seal was accordingly remodelled and 
 shorn of all its ornamentation. The brass 
 matrix was laid aside, and its place was taken 
 by a weighty embossing stamp. By this 
 method the Seal is impressed upon a circular 
 piece of red leather (to imitate wax) which is 
 pasted upon the face of the diploma. The 
 same design has been adopted for the new Seal 
 of the University Court ; the legend in this 
 case being altered to : Sigillum Commune 
 Curice Universitatis Sancti Andrece. 
 
 Plate III. 
 
 Azure, on a fess between three mascles or, as 
 many cross-crosslets fitchee gules. 
 
 The Personal Arms of Henry Wardlaw, 
 Bishop of St. Andrews, 1404- 1440, and Founder 
 
PLATE III. 
 
 jUshrrp SBarMato. 
 

PLATE IV. 
 
 Jfames 1. 
 

 ( i9 ) 
 
 of the University, 27th February 141 1. I 
 have taken the arms of the Bishop as they 
 appear on the Mace of the Faculty of Arts, 
 which was made in his lifetime. On a stone 
 preserved in the Museum at the UNITED 
 COLLEGE, and which is no doubt also of 
 contemporary date, the Family Arms only 
 appear, viz. : Azure, three masclcs or. 
 
 LATE 
 
 IV. 
 
 Or, a lion rampant within a double trtssure 
 flory-counter-flory gules. 
 
 The Royal Arms of Scotland, for King 
 JAMES I., 1406- 1437, who nominally took part 
 in the founding of the UNIVERSITY, and who 
 conferred upon it various privileges in 1.432. 
 
( 2° ) 
 
 LATE 
 
 V. 
 
 Chequy or and sable, on a chief argent, a 
 crescent verse chequy as of the field. 
 
 The Arms of Peter de Luna, Antipope 
 Benedict XIII., 1394- 141 7, who confirmed the 
 foundation of the University by a Papal Bull 
 dated 28th August 141 3. I have had some 
 difficulty in discovering the proper arms of 
 Benedict, no two copies that I have seen being 
 exactly alike. Those here given are the Family 
 Arms of the great Arragonese House of Luna 
 as described by Dr Woodward ; and I have 
 adopted them with the less hesitation because 
 they correspond with the Arms of the Antipope 
 as given in Hermann von der Hardt's great 
 Work on the Council of Constance, published 
 in 1699. 
 
PLATE V. 
 
 Jeter Jie $una. 
 
PLATE VI. 
 
 $izho$ Jtetmefog. 
 
PLATE VII. 
 
 Jtrrhbtshtfp JU.exattb.er <Stuart. 
 
( 21 ) 
 
 Plate VI. 
 
 Argent, a chevron gules, between three cross- 
 crosslets fitchie sable, within a double tressure 
 Jlory-eounter-jlory of the second. 
 
 The Arms of JAMES KENNEDY, Bishop of 
 Andrews, 1440- 1465, founder of St. SALVATOR'S 
 
 College, 27th August 1450. 
 
 LATE 
 
 VII 
 
 The Royal Arms of Scotland, as on Plate IV., 
 with addition of the Archi-episcopal Cr< 
 
 Alexander Stuart (natural son of James 
 
 IV.), Archbishop of St. Andrews, 1509-15 13, 
 bore the full Royal Arms, sans brisure, sup- 
 ported by the Royal Unicorns and having the 
 Archi-episcopal Cross behind the escutcheon. 
 In conjunction with Prior HEPBURN, he 
 founded St. Leonard's College, 20th August 
 1512. 
 
( M ) 
 
 Plate VIII. 
 
 Gules, on a chevron argent a rose between 
 two lions combatant of the first. 
 
 The Arms of John Hepburn, Prior of St. 
 Andrews, 1482- 1 522, and co-founder of St. 
 Leonard's College. The Pastoral Staff 
 was placed paleways behind the shield. 
 
 LATE 
 
 IX. 
 
 First and fourth azure, a fess between three 
 niascles or ; second and third argent, a chevron 
 sable charged with an otters head erased of 
 the first. 
 
 The Arms of James BEATON, Archbishop 
 of St. Andrews, 1 522-1 539, founder of St. 
 Mary's College on the site of the more 
 
 ancient COLLEGE OF ST. JOHN THE EVAN- 
 GELIST and the Pedagogy, 12th February 1537. 
 
PLATE VIII. 
 
 tynox 'gjzpbmn. 
 
PLATE IX. 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 JUchbishop James Jteatmt. 
 
PLATE X. 
 
 Jtrirhbitfho? 3)amtltmt. 
 
2. §1 Salbatar'* (EoUcq*. 
 
 PLATE XL 
 
 3. §t. Swmarfo CEcllcgcj 
 
 ' <^^> ^ 
 
 
 -*3 ■<» ■ — -«G 
 
 ♦ « 
 
 I. %ht Eniber0its. 
 
 E 
 
 ** 
 * 
 
 El 
 
 fj} 
 
 «£ 
 
 
 fffj 
 
 
 q 
 
 (£3 * "^ 
 
 r* 
 
 j 
 
 
 
 
 4. §t. JEarg * OWle^. 
 
 5. %\a Bniteb (DrlUge. 
 
( 23 ) 
 
 Plate X. 
 
 First and fourth gules, three cinquefoils 
 pierced ermine ; second and third argent, a ship 
 without sails sable. 
 
 The Arms of John HAMILTON, Archbishop 
 of St. Andrews, 1546-1571, who completed the 
 foundation and erection of St. Mary's 
 
 College in 1553. 
 
 Plate XI. 
 
 I have added this Plate for the guidance 
 of those who wish to use heraldic badges 
 distinctive of the UNIVERSITY and the 
 separate COLLEGES. The different shields are 
 blazoned as follows : — 
 
 1. The University: first, Bishop Ward- 
 law; second, James I.; third, Peter de 
 Lun a; fourth, the See of St. Andrews. 
 
( 24 ) 
 
 2. St. Salvator's College: Bishop 
 Kennedy, the sole founder. 
 
 3. St. Leonard's College: first and fourth, 
 Archbishop Alexander Stuart ; second and 
 third, Prior HEPBURN. 
 
 4. St. Mary's College : first and fourth, 
 Archbishop James BEATON ; second and third, 
 Archbishop HAMILTON. 
 
 5. The United College : first and fourth, 
 Bishop Kennedy ; second, Archbishop Alex- 
 ander Stuart ; third, Prior Hepburn.