HV 
 
 H+ ; Rule of 
 
 "Not Too Much" 
 
 H. E. O. Heinemann 
 
GIFT OF 
 Prof. M. E. Jaffa 
 
The Rule of 
 
 "Not Too 
 
 Being a Collection of Articles Written During 
 
 the Past Few Years in Discussing 
 
 the Principle of 
 
 TEMPERANCE 
 
 With Special Reference to the Use of Fermented 
 Beverages 
 
 "The rule of 'not too much* by temperance taught." 
 
 Paradise Lost. 
 
 BY 
 
 H. E. O. HEINEMANN 
 
 Cfjuajjo 
 
 145 Lasalle Street 
 190ft 
 
ayav 
 Medium tenuere bead. 
 
 The first physicians by debauch were made. 
 Excess began and sloth sustains the trade. 
 
 DRYDEN. 
 
 Now, if the temperate life is such a happy one, if its name 
 is so beautiful and lovable, if the possession of it is so 
 certain and so secure, there is nothing left for me to do 
 except to entreat .... every man endowed with gentle 
 soul and gifted with rational faculties, to embrace this, the 
 richest treasure of life; for as it surpasses all the other 
 riches and treasures of this world by giving us a long and 
 healthy life, so it deserves to be loved, sought after, and 
 preserved always by all. LOUIS CORNARO. 
 
 True modesty lies in the entire absence of thought upon 
 the subject. T. H. LEWIN. 
 
 'Tis in ourselves that we are thus or thus. Our bodies 
 are gardens, to the which our wills are gardeners, so that 
 if we will plant nettles or sow lettuce, set hyssop and weed 
 up thyme, supply it with one gender of herbs or distract it 
 with many, either to have it sterile with idleness or man- 
 ured with industry, why, the power and corrigible authority 
 of this lies in our wills ..... We have reason to cool our 
 raging motions, our carnal stings, our unbitted lusts. 
 OTHELLO. 
 
 Men see clearly, like owls, in the night of their own 
 notions; but, in experience, as in the daylight, they wink and 
 are but half-sighted. BACON. 
 
 Qui admonent amice docendi sunt, qui inimice insectantur, 
 repellendi. CICERO. 
 
 ri 
 
WHY? 
 
 The present year is the centennial oi the organized 
 temperance movement in America. 
 
 It is also a time of extraordinary agitation against 
 the use of alcoholic drink. 
 
 There is thus both reason and occasion for the 
 publication of some articles by which it has been 
 intended to place the so-called drink question in a 
 rational light before the American people. 
 
 In the course of the last four years the drink ques- 
 tion has been discussed in many of its aspects by the 
 writer in the AMERICAN BREWERS' REVIEW under the 
 heading "From the Growler." 
 
 While written for a publication which is frankly 
 devoted to the interests of the brewing trade, the 
 articles have been kept strictly within the limits of 
 actual scientific knowledge and reasonable inference, 
 all exaggerations or unwarranted conclusions being 
 carefully avoided. 
 
 It can be safely claimed that the views contained 
 in these articles represent the vast preponderance of 
 opinion of men of science, sociologists, settlement 
 workers, economists, moralists and philanthropists, 
 the world over. 
 
Ever since the doctrine of universal total ab- 
 stinence killed the American temperance movement 
 about fifty years ago which up to that time had made 
 good progress, jts principle being the temperate use 
 of fer'tne^itieji beverages the whole drink question has 
 been discussed on a false basis, and the public mind 
 /". has; IreelV filled with a phantasmagoria generated in 
 the unhealthy imagination t>f zealots, until today the 
 country is overspread with a wholly false and un- 
 wholesome moral atmosphere in regard to the drink 
 question, so-called. 
 
 The writer has not been afraid to call a spade a 
 spade, and has lectured the trades connected with the 
 manufacture and sale of alcoholic drink frequently 
 with candor and energy in regard to such matters as 
 called for correction, as the files of the AMERICAN 
 BREWERS' REVIEW for the past five years will show. 
 He believes firmly, however, that in a candid and 
 rational examination of the subject the conclusion 
 must be in favor of the temperate use of fermented 
 beverages. 
 
 The present articles are intended to contribute 
 towards putting the public discussion of the temper- 
 ance question upon a basis of health, morality, hap- 
 piness, social order and common sense. 
 
 CHICAGO, TIJ.., March, 1908. 
 
(March i, 1908.) 
 
 The Motive Which Leads to Alcoholic Drink Is 
 One of the Best in Human Nature. 
 
 Much has of late appeared in print concerning the 
 temperate habits of the Jews. It is related that Francis 
 Murphy once remarked that if all people drank like 
 the Jews there would be no temperance problem. 
 
 One of the very best public deliverances on the sub- 
 ject of the use of alcoholic drink ever made in Amer- 
 ica, comes in a newspaper account of an address by 
 Rabbi FINESHRIBER, of Davenport, la,, given at 
 Temple Emanuel in that city, January 10, 1908. I 
 quote the following, which is the greater part of the 
 abstract of the address as published, putting in italics 
 the words I consider the most important : 
 
 Logically speaking, prohibition is the most superficial 
 method of dealing with the liquor problem. The reason that 
 prohibition appeals to men is chiefly because it is easy to 
 conceive of this plan of eradicating the evils existing. They 
 have in mind the fact, and reason that if only a law could 
 be passed under which it would be a crime to consume 
 liquors all would be well. But these easy solutions to great 
 evils are very misleading. 
 
 To those who think they possess an easy solution to a 
 problem that has caused many to rack their brains in vain, 
 the warning to beware is extended. How often when an 
 easy plan to make a large amount of money is broached to 
 you will you find upon close and thorough investigation that 
 there is some phase of the problem that you have not looked 
 for and which makes the whole plan weak and elusive? 
 
 5 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 Of all those who seek for the solution of this matter there 
 are only a few, very few who find the solution. So it is 
 with the liquor problem, which is at once sociological, do- 
 mestic, and religious. There is no easy way out of it. 
 
 So far we must be suspicious and not jump at conclusions 
 in regard to the solving of this great problem. Let us care- 
 fully examine into the cause of the desire for drink. When 
 a thing is not right and goes wrong we examine it to learn 
 the cause, and after reaching our conclusions we apply our 
 remedy. The best way to solve the question is not to kiss 
 and blow it away as a mother does an injury to her child, 
 but let us find out the motive and the cure for it. I be- 
 lieve that the motive which leads men to drink is one of the 
 best and not of a lowly nature as is the prevailing opinion. 
 
 This man when he takes alcoholic liquors does not do so 
 from a desire to satisfy his animal nature, but he wants an 
 enlargement of his conscious self, he desires to live the 
 larger life and to live a life that is a least bit better and one 
 that is on a higher plane and above the ordinary cares of life, 
 and to reach this plane they drink. Now this version of the 
 drink problem may have a ludicrous turn to some, but why 
 is it that some of the finest, noblest and most learned of 
 men have gone to the drunkard's grave? They have experi- 
 enced this desire to rise above the common planes of every- 
 day life and by surrendering to this desire have sunk to a 
 drunkard's end. 
 
 Now in order to solve this great problem it will not suffice 
 that we remove the liquor; this does not answer the case. 
 We must find a substitute. That is the remedy. Man's de- 
 sires will not be changed; they will always wish to rise 
 above the ordinary life and to meet this weakness we must 
 find a substitute, one that will bring about this elevation to 
 the larger life. And when this is attained there may be a 
 barrel of liquor resting on every corner and they will remain 
 there until the casks fall to pieces before being touched by 
 the people. This would be the case were the minds of men 
 trained rightly. 
 
 In the education of the children if more emphasis were 
 laid upon the strengthening of their will power and less time 
 spent in the enactment of prohibition laws we would be 
 much nearer the solution of the problem than we are at 
 present. Let us see to it that in the homes, the mind and 
 
 6 
 
Motive for Alcoholic Drink. 
 
 will power to resist evil, be strengthened and built up and 
 then we may feel that they can go out into the world with 
 strength enough to resist temptations, and then the matter of 
 prohibition will be forever laid aside. 
 
 The learned rabbi has here put into words the same 
 idea that I have repeatedly tried to express in these 
 columns, except some matters of detail, and especially 
 the last paragraph, with which I do not quite agree. 
 
 It may be admitted that there are people who desire 
 to attain a condition of stupor or brutish mental indo- 
 lence by alcoholic drink. Such are the typical "alco- 
 holics/' the periodical or chronic drunkards. They are 
 the defectives, bound by degeneracy or unfortunate 
 environment, usually both, to reach that condition of 
 degradation by one path or another. If they do not 
 reach it by means of alcoholism, they will by some 
 other means, and often a worse. How many cases are 
 there where a kindly physician or alienist has told the 
 relatives of an unfortunate who was committed to an 
 asylum that it was "drink and cigarettes," because he 
 had not the heart to aggravate their grief by telling 
 them it was sexual perversion or other misfortune, 
 commonly considered more infamous than alcoholism? 
 And the records of the asylum will tally one more to 
 the debit account of alcoholic drink in creating in- 
 sanity. The drunkard is so because he is by nature an 
 abnormal person. Just as the criminal is so by 
 nature. 
 
 According to GAROFALO and his predecessors in 
 the anthropological school of criminology, all crim- 
 inals are abnormal. There are no normal persons 
 among them, and it is impossible for them to become 
 so. There is no such individual as an accidental crim- 
 inal, if we mean by that term that a person of good 
 moral development can commit a crime. It does not 
 follow that all abnormal persons necessarily commit 
 
 7 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much" 
 
 crime. There are so-called latent criminals who are 
 prevented by fortunate environment from lapsing into 
 the category of actual criminals. 
 
 It is just so with the drunkard. He is abnormal, 
 and can never be normal, although a fortunate environ- 
 ment may prevent him from actually getting down 
 into the gutter. Still, as society seeks to eliminate 
 the criminal rather than put itself in such a state as 
 to prevent the criminally disposed from living up to 
 their natural bent, likewise society seeks to eliminate 
 the drunkard rather than itself live under the hospital 
 and prison regimen which is necessary in order to 
 prevent his natural propensity from asserting itself. 
 
 In other words, we might as reasonably demand all 
 society to live under a reform school government de- 
 vised to prevent the criminally disposed from actually 
 exercising their inclinations, as demand that all society 
 live under the sanitarium regimen required to keep the 
 drunkard from falling into the ways indicated by his 
 natural predisposition. When we are ready to turn 
 human society into a reform school or a prison, then 
 we may rationally consider the adoption of prohibi- 
 tion. 
 
 But the great mass of the people drink to enjoy, not 
 to stupefy themselves and kill the source of both joy 
 and pain. And what is joy but a heightened intensity 
 or enlargement of consciousness ? 
 
 Must we be condemned forever to move along in 
 the jog-trot or everyday life? Is it altogether im- 
 proper to turn into a run now and then? Is it for- 
 bidden to lay aside the merely material, if not sordid, 
 aims of business and work-a-day life and give our- 
 selves over to the loftier aspirations of the higher 
 life? Are we to be bound down forever to the low 
 ideal of business success ? Must we forever keep our- 
 
 8 
 
The Higher Life. 
 
 selves at the keenest edge of economic efficiency? 
 May we not soar above the commonplace and dream 
 once more the dreams of our youth, live for the 
 nonce in the realm of the imagination ? Ah, the imag- 
 ination ! What would the world be without the imag- 
 ination? "There are some falsehoods on which men 
 mount as on bright wings to Heaven. There are some 
 truths, cold, bitter, taunting truths, wherein your 
 worldly scholars are very apt and punctual, that bind 
 men down to earth with leaden chains/' 
 
 It is the imagination to which all the great things 
 in the world are due. Not the imagination of the 
 poet and the artist alone. The philosopher, the scien- 
 tist, the statesman, the general they all receive their 
 inspiration from the imagination. What bolder flight 
 of imagination than that of Columbus to sail through 
 the Sea of Darkness to the uttermost coasts of the 
 Indies? What grander conceit of the imagination 
 than the celestial harmonies that filled the mind of 
 Copernicus and Kepler? What greater exaltation 
 than that imagination of Darwin which searched the 
 very plan of creation? What nobler ideals than the 
 imagination of Washington for the liberties of the 
 American colonists, of Lincoln for the liberty of the 
 human race? 
 
 Do such ideas rise in the humdrum of our bread- 
 and-butter life or in the degrading chase after the 
 dollar ? Nothing has ever proved such a drag upon all 
 aspirations after the ideal as the pot-boiler necessities 
 and the greed for pelf. It is true that the improvement 
 of man's physical condition is an antecedent condi- 
 tion of his spiritual enlargement. But nevertheless 
 the spiritual life begins where the grosser needs of the 
 body end, and it is only by getting away from the dull 
 cares of mere existence that the higher life can be 
 entered. 
 
 9 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much" 
 
 What if alcoholic drink does weaken, for the time 
 being, certain faculties of the nervous system? What 
 if one can add or multiply less rapidly, or react less 
 promptly upon certain impressions while under the 
 influence of a small amount of alcohol ? Is a composer 
 able to do a problem in calculus while engaged in cre- 
 ative work on a grand opera? Or was it a sign of 
 spiritual or mental dullness when Newton put his 
 watch into the boiling water and gazed intently at the 
 egg in his hand? Is it not a fact that the intense ap- 
 plication of certain higher faculties temporarily over- 
 powers the lower, merely mechanical psychical func- 
 tions ? That is all that Kraepelin and the others whom 
 the anti-alcoholists invoke, proved when they showed 
 what they called the paralyzing of certain nerve func- 
 tions by certain doses of alcohol. It is characteristic 
 of an intense nature to concentrate oneself on one 
 thing at a time, and even if such concentration reaches 
 the degree of complete so-called absent-mindedness, 
 that is no sign of intellectual or spiritual weakness. 
 Often quite the contrary, as the stories about Newton 
 illustrate. 
 
 It is the seeking after the life on a higher plane that 
 is one of the impulses creating the desire for alcoholic 
 stimulation, the desire to be lifted above the ordinary 
 cares of life. "One of the impulses," I say, for there 
 are others, which I have pointed out in these columns, 
 chiefly those of a psycho-physiological character rest- 
 ing in the greater enjoyment of physical things, which 
 is an essential to health and well-being. And it is 
 only this one I am discussing now. 
 
 * * * 
 
 I can propose an absolute, final solution of the liquor 
 problem. It is really quite simple. 
 
 Let us have a perfect economic system, to begin 
 10 
 
Solution of the Liquor Problem. 
 
 with, where every person shall have enough, where 
 an hour or two a day spent in productive work will be 
 ample to produce all the necessaries and luxuries of 
 life, where there will be no care for the mere physical 
 needs, where each will render his neighbor his due, 
 where our cities will all be clean and beautiful, our 
 streets well paved and well lighted, our dwellings, of- 
 fices and factories large, airy, light, sanitary; where 
 we shall all be leading the temperate life, eating and 
 enjoying as much food as we require and no more, 
 where sanitation will be perfect and infectious diseases 
 unknown, where men and women shall mate accord- 
 ing to their love and "affinities" and children be raised 
 in happiness and refinement, where all will have abun- 
 dant time for recreation and enjoyment, for basking in 
 the beauties of nature, delighting in wholesome sports 
 and pastimes free from all wanton cruelty to any 
 living thing, having full and free access to all the ele- 
 vating pleasures of literature, art, music, where the 
 "higher life" will be the rule instead of the rare ex- 
 ception, as it unfortunately is now let us have all 
 these things, and then we may, as Rabbi Fineshriber 
 says, have a barrel of liquor resting on every corner, 
 and we may be sure, while we shall probably continue 
 to enjoy a glass of wine or beer, there will be no 
 drunkenness or gluttony, no crime or insanity, no pau- 
 perism or vice. For by that time all the defectives 
 will have been eliminated from the race and we shall 
 all know only perfect bliss. 
 
 In the meantime, however, let us work and wait. Let 
 us educate ourselves and our children, not to become 
 mere drudges to the ambition for wealth or power, but 
 to recognize the greater and better things in life the 
 higher life. Let us recognize that virtue requires free- 
 dom, that the absence of crime in the prison house 
 
 11 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 is not the result of virtue, that morality is the child 
 of happiness, that temperance is the product of plenty 
 and of freedom to enjoy, not of scarcity and absti- 
 nence, that there is not only no harm, but great posi- 
 tive good in the temperate joy of living and the mod- 
 erate use of the good things of the world, that joy is 
 the greatest health tonic as well as the greatest moral 
 uplifter, and that it is not only folly but moral degra- 
 dation to seek to put us all into a hospital because there 
 are some among us who are constitutionally weak. 
 
 (January i, 1906.) 
 Psychic Influence of Food and Drink. 
 
 The so-called Committee of Fifty* has published a 
 volume summarizing the results of its researches on the 
 liquor problem from the physiologic, the economic and 
 the legislative aspects. In reading this book, which 
 contains a great deal of matter that is of the highest 
 importance to the student of the liquor problem, I 
 am struck with two omissions that seem to be vital. 
 
 There is perhaps little cause for wonder that these 
 omissions occur. They occur everywhere. They are 
 largely due to the fact that the outsiders who have 
 examined the problem are never quite free from preju- 
 dice, no matter how hard and sincerely they strive to 
 free their minds, and to the other fact that the trade 
 interests concerned have occupied themselves wholly 
 with defenses against the charges constantly brought 
 against the liquor traffic, and have never left their 
 breastworks for any aggressive sallies. 
 
 The two points I have in mind refer to the psychic 
 influence of food and drink, for one, and to a certain 
 aspect of the evil effects of the intemperate use of 
 
 *As to the personnel and work of the Committee of Fifty 
 see appendix. 
 
 12 
 
Psychic Influence of Food and Drink. 
 
 liquor in the production of poverty, insanity, crime, and 
 other misery, for the other. 
 
 Recent researches in the broad realm of food 
 chemistry and physiology have opened some remark- 
 able and interesting outlooks. One of the most in- 
 teresting is that of the psychic influence of food and 
 drink. 
 
 It is today recognized that appetite and taste, those 
 peculiar nervous and psychic functions, the effects of 
 which are observed, but the nature and excitation of 
 which are so little understood, are of extreme im- 
 portance in all matters concerning food and drink. 
 Food introduced into the mouth not only excites the 
 flow of saliva, but also, by nervous action, starts the 
 secretion of gastric, juice, preparatory to its reception 
 and digestion in the stomach. Even though the food 
 never reaches the stomach, this excitation of stomachic 
 action takes place, as Pavlov showed by his experi- 
 ments with dogs in whose esophagus he developed a 
 fistula, i. e.j a permanent opening, so that the food 
 dropped out instead of reaching the stomach. The 
 more savory the food, the greater the secretion of 
 digestive fluids. It is not intended here to advocate 
 high seasoning of food. But the general psychic ef- 
 fect, the appetizing preparation of the table, the clean, 
 pleasing serving of the food, the delicious odor, and 
 last and most important, the enjoyable sensation of the 
 food itself on the palate and tongue are most power- 
 ful aids of digestion. If, then, a glass of beer or wine 
 serves to heighten the pleasure of eating, it thereby 
 performs a highly important function in aid of diges- 
 tion. 
 
 This is quite aside from the nutriment supplied by 
 the beer, and the direct stimulating effect of the alcohol 
 on the digestive apparatus. 
 
 The anti-alcoholists will now charge me with en- 
 13 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much/' 
 
 couraging gluttony. That is their way. They can- 
 not take up anything in moderation. Temperance is 
 the virtue farthest removed from them. 
 
 I am not advocating gluttony. Quite the contrary. 
 Savory food, not seasoned so as to exert an abnorm- 
 ally stimulating influence, if thoroughly chewed and 
 mixed with saliva which is an essential condition in 
 all food and without which it should never be swal- 
 lowed will so satisfy both appetite and hunger as 
 to induce moderate eating. But such food as is taken 
 should appeal to the eye, the touch, the smell, and 
 the taste, in order to produce the most beneficial re- 
 sults upon the system. All the ordinary foods, proper- 
 ly prepared, masticated and insalivated, are practically 
 of equal digestibility. Their chemical composition and 
 their physical condition, under these premises, are 
 alike of secondary importance. The main question is 
 not what we eat, but how we eat. And if we eat in 
 the right manner, we shall not overeat, but can correct 
 even that abnormal appetite which most of us possess 
 in the matter of eating as a result of false bringing-up 
 and indulging so-called instinct. Instinct is a will-o'- 
 the-wisp. The savage, who is supposed to have in- 
 stinct, overeats if he has anything to eat. Civilized 
 man learns to train the mis-called "natural" instinct, 
 and to develop a wholesome appetite. At least, he has 
 the means to do so. 
 
 The psychic influence of a glass of beer with a meal 
 is thus of direct, positive value in promoting digestion. 
 But there are also indirect effects to the same end. 
 The quickened spirits of the man, the stimulated flow 
 of conversation, the sallies of wit, the good fellow- 
 ship all these things exert similar influences in pro- 
 moting the beneficial effects of eating. I have heard 
 of physicians prescribing the theatre, a good comedy, 
 as a cure for indigestion. If a good laugh, the en- 
 
 14 
 
Misery from Intemperate Eating. 
 
 livening of the spirits, in a word, pleasure, joy, in the 
 proper sense of the term, can aid digestion after food 
 has been improperly taken, how much greater must 
 be the tonic effect if they accompany the taking of the 
 food and can act upon it in the early and important 
 preparatory stages of digestion and absorption? 
 
 In other words, we should eat, not feed. And this 
 is not in conflict with "the simple life." Simple food 
 can be enjoyed just as well as ,the most complicated pro- 
 ductions of the French chef. As by adding the psychic 
 element to the procreative instinct man elevates it into 
 the sublime passion of love, so by adding the psychic 
 element to the simple act of feeding, man can make 
 of it the kernel of the noblest associations, the start- 
 ing point of high friendships, the source of close soul 
 communion, the center of fellowship, the birth of high 
 thought and unselfish action, the spring of wit and 
 eloquence. And all these psychic ornaments whereby 
 a mere physiological function is elevated, act as most 
 powerful digestors thus bringing this talk back to 
 earth again. 
 
 Intemperance in Food Causes more Distress than 
 Intemperance in Drink. 
 
 The fact that a glass of beer heightens the pleasure 
 of eating constitutes, then, a most important point in 
 its favor. 
 
 The second point to which I want to refer is a 
 certain aspect of the evil effects of the intemperate use 
 of liquor in producing poverty, crime, insanity, and 
 other misery. 
 
 The advocates of temperance, *. e. } of the temperate 
 use of all things, including fermented beverages, have 
 devoted much time to efforts to controvert or mini- 
 mize the charge that intoxicating drink not only con- 
 tributes to those evils, but is the chief cause of them. 
 
 15 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 ~A ; 
 
 Estimates of the share of crime, pauperism and in- 
 sanity caused by liquor run as high as seventy-five 
 per cent. The Committee of Fifty seems to gravitate 
 toward a percentage of twenty-five for poverty, about 
 thirty for crime. 
 
 The question is a broad one as well as deep. For 
 my own part, I do not believe that twenty-five per 
 cent is even approximately a true figure. Certain in- 
 vestigations abroad go as low as two per cent for 
 poverty. The wide divergence of results shows to my 
 mind that the results are of very little value as show- 
 ing the actual facts, whereas they do seem to show the 
 natural tendency of social reformers, as well as of 
 the paupers and criminal themselves, to lay the blame 
 on liquor. It is the scapegoat. In most cases a drunk- 
 ard is pre-disposed, as the anti-alcoholist is, to intem- 
 perance. The one lets himself go, and becomes a 
 drunkard. The other keeps himself in check in that 
 respect, and goes to extremes in other things. Both 
 are abnormal. It is not liquor that makes the drunk- 
 ard, it is the man. It is not the fine cooking that makes 
 the glutton, it is the man, and,.of course, his environ- 
 ment, consisting of a thousand influences. 
 
 But, be the percentage large or small, let us admit, 
 for the sake of the present argument, that an ap- 
 preciable amount of poverty and crime is due to the 
 intemperate use of liquor. What does it prove ? What 
 conclusions as to the use of fermented beverages does 
 it justify? 
 
 I should like to see a Committee of Fifty send out 
 a few hundred skillful observers to gather statistics 
 showing the percentage of crime, poverty, insanity, 
 etc., that ought to be charged up to dyspepsia, indiges- 
 tion, overeating, gluttony, or whatever they might wish 
 to call the protean forms of that constant abuse of 
 the alimentary canal to which nearly all people are 
 
 16 
 
Irrational Betting. 
 
 subjecting themselves. I do not mean only the con- 
 firmed dyspeptic or hypochondriac, as they used to 
 call this wretched being, I mean the chronic "grouch" 
 of the man who does not feel right and doesn't know 
 why after eating half a pound of meat and eight 
 ounces of potatoes and a few ounces of vegetables, and 
 bread and butter galore, and some pickles, and sweet- 
 meats, and cheese, altogether enough to sustain a man 
 for two days the ill temper vented on office help or 
 factory hands, the whimsical discharging of faithful 
 employes, the spiteful "knocking" of a com- 
 petitor, the quarrel with the wife, the scolding of 
 children. Or the woman whose nerves are "on edge" 
 and she doesn't know why, who is ready to "fly to 
 pieces" at a cross word, venting her ill-humor on serv- 
 ants, herself inaccessible to her children, if she has 
 any, they are so noisy and pester one so, the little 
 brats the woman who could not bear the nauseating 
 smell of the kitchen and savory cooking, it's beneath 
 her, you know, woman was born for better things 
 the woman who complains of aches in all parts and 
 resents your imputation that it comes from the 
 stomach, insisting her stomach is all right, and at 
 the same time exhaling a breath that she has 
 been obliged to perfume in order to conceal its of- 
 fensiveness when that man and that woman meet in 
 the evening, what sort of a home circle is it going to be ? 
 Or, take the poor man who has to bolt his food in 
 a hurry, some soggy baker's bread only half done, 
 with raw beef fat flavored to resemble butter, some 
 cheap tough meat, often cooked stringy and with the 
 savory juice boiled out and thrown away, a 
 piece of factory pie of doughy consistency and 
 unknown composition, made more indigestible by 
 copious drinks of coflfee thoroughly boiled so as 
 to extract all the injurious matters from the bean 
 
 17 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 
 and drive off the aroma perhaps, in some cases, 
 the only redeeming feature of the meal a can 
 or bottle of beer ; or the wife at home struggling with 
 her work and her children she is sure to have them 
 and will do what she can for them according to her 
 light snatching a bite of food now and then and 
 swallowing it almost whole, then sweating in a stuffy 
 kitchen to prepare the husband's and children's supper 
 made up in large part of food on which the highest 
 art of the adulterator has been expended what sort 
 of a home circle is that going to be? 
 
 Let us grant, for the sake of this argument only, 
 that liquor causes some crime, poverty, etc. But I 
 must insist that food causes many times as much. The 
 misery we see about us, poverty, crime, vice, insanity, 
 divorces, orphans by action of court, married men 
 without wife or home, married women without a hus- 
 band in his place only a man who pays the bills 
 children to whom father and mother are little more 
 than a legend, members of a family seeking pleasure 
 and consolation away from home, coming together at 
 meal time to take up a fresh charge of centrifugal 
 force, driving them apart to seek gratification and 
 pleasure in spots unhallowed by the name of "home," 
 ending, perhaps, in crime and self-destruction this 
 is due to food, perhaps more directly than the other, 
 smaller percentage, is due to drink. And this icy 
 atmosphere is more congenial to the growth of vice and 
 crime than the generous warmth of feeling engendered 
 by a glass of beer or wine. And the physical condi- 
 tions fostered by this life are the pre-disposing causes 
 for disease far more immediately than in most cases 
 drink is the cause of poverty or crime. And with 
 disease, vice and crime comes the untold misery, silent- 
 ly borne, of hundreds of thousands of homes, filling 
 the private retreats and sanitariums, where the charity 
 
 18 
 
Temperance is the Key. 
 
 worker who gathers the statistics as to the amount of 
 insanity caused by drink, never sets foot, for he goes 
 to the public asylums which are not shielded by the 
 euphemism of "sanitariums." 
 
 Then, according to the reasoning of the anti-alcohol- 
 ists, you should stop eating! Prohibit the manufacture 
 and sale of food ! 
 
 Where's the sense? It is not to stop eating. It is 
 to learn to eat right. It is for the adult to study 
 the question, or take sound medical advice, and observe 
 and govern himself. It is for the parents and the 
 teacher to raise children so that their appetites shall 
 be normal, that they shall not desire excess, but shun 
 it "instinctively" if you like that word without the 
 need of conscious self-restraint. It is for the legislator 
 to secure purity of food articles, for the physician to 
 give advice to keep the people in health rather than 
 pull them out of disease, it is for the housekeepers and 
 public-house keepers to learn to cook rationally and 
 with a view to satisfy normal hunger and appetite, not 
 to stimulate jaded palates or gorge extended stomachs. 
 
 Was there ever anything good that was unaccom- 
 panied by evil? Was there ever a virtue that, sought 
 or practised to excess, did not turn to vice or crime? 
 Quotations from poets and philosophers of all ages 
 might be multiplied on this subject, to prove the un- 
 animity of the mountain peaks of human intellect on 
 this point. 
 
 Temperance! That is the key to the whole ques- 
 tion as to both food and drink. Eat temperately and 
 drink temperately, and you will be healthy and strong, 
 virtuous and wise, generous and affectionate, accord- 
 ing to your gifts and your light. 
 
 What we ought to repel is the attempt to throw the 
 burden of poverty, crime, and insanity upon alcoholic 
 drink, whose share in causing such misery is not the 
 
 19 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 greatest, although unfortunately it is not so insidious 
 a cause or one so difficult to trace as is intemperance in 
 food. It is, in fact, far less dangerous. For while 
 the effects of irrational eating do not appear in plain, 
 unmistakable symptoms at once, the results of exces- 
 sive drinking advertise themselves instantly and invite 
 reform. 
 
 (February i, 1906.) 
 Responses of Members of the Committee of Fifty. 
 
 The articles in the January issue of the American 
 Brewers' Review, specifically referring to the "Psychic 
 Influence of Food and Drink" and to the proposi- 
 tion that "Intemperance in Food Causes More Dis- 
 tress than Intemperance in Drink," were sent to the 
 members of the Committee of Fifty, whose latest book 
 suggested them. A number of answers have been re- 
 ceived from members of that committee, some of which 
 I am at liberty to publish. 
 
 I consider it highly important to interest men of the 
 class that make up this committee in the cause we are 
 advocating. Public opinion in this country is made 
 by a small minority of people, for the most part those 
 of Anglo-American stock, as far as blood goes, and 
 professional men, scholars, clergymen and leading busi- 
 ness men, as far as vocation is concerned. If men of 
 this class can be roused to take an active part or even 
 to give an occasional expression of their views, there 
 is hope that the efforts of the anti-alcoholists to mis- 
 direct public opinion in the line of intemperance in 
 thought, speech and action may be thwarted in time 
 to avert serious injury to the people, to say nothing 
 of the crippling of the great brewing industry. 
 
 The letters referred to are as follows : 
 20 
 
Responses of Committee of Fifty. 
 
 From the president of Harvard University. 
 
 HARVARD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE, Jan, 8, 1906. 
 
 I can agree with some of your doctrine in the "Talks on 
 Beer and Temperance" which you send me. Thus, I agree 
 that "The main question is not what we eat, but how we 
 eat," and also that over-eating causes quite as many bodily 
 evils as over-drinking. It does not, however, cause as much 
 crime. Further, I agree with you that it is better to drink 
 beer than drink whiskey; but then it is easy to drink too 
 much beer, as the experience of the German nation abund- 
 antly proves. A cheap and good provision of beer and light 
 wine will not prevent Teutonic peoples from drinking distilled 
 liquor to excess. On this point see the experience of Cali- 
 fornia. Drunkenness is a vice that goes by race. The 
 Latin races are not addicted to it; the Russian and Teutonic 
 races are. Very truly yours, 
 
 CHARLES W. ELIOT. 
 
 From Prof. Henry W. Farnam (Yale). 
 
 NEW HAVEN, CONN., January 8, 1906. 
 
 Please accept my thanks for the copy of your article on 
 Beer and Temperance which I received this morning. I have 
 no doubt that some of the pauperism and crime may be at- 
 tributed, as you suggest, to bad food, but inasmuch as the 
 effects of this are much more difficult to trace than those 
 of alcohol, I hardly think it possible to secure any statistics 
 on the subject, and I should think it very unsafe to make 
 any numerical comparison. 
 
 The subject has, however, not been neglected by scientists. 
 A member of the Committee of Fifty, my colleague, Pro- 
 fessor R. H. Chittenden, has published a very valuable book 
 entitled "The Physiological Economy of Nutrition," the prac- 
 tical effects of which will, I believe, be to induce greater 
 moderation in food, thus attaining both ends for which 
 your article pleads, namely, greater enjoyment of what is 
 eaten and less dyspepsia. If you have not seen this work, 
 I believe that you will be glad to have it called to your at- 
 tention. Believe me, Yours very truly, 
 
 HENRY W. FARNAM. 
 
 From Jacob H. Schiff, banker. 
 
 KUHN, LOEB & Co., NEW YORK, Jan. 8th, 1906. 
 
 I have your communication of the 6th instant, and thank 
 you for your courtesy in sending me a copy of the AMER- 
 
 21 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much/' 
 
 ICAN BREWERS' REVIEW, which I shall read with interest, 
 and, no doubt, with advantage. Truly yours, 
 
 JACOB H. SCHIFF. 
 From the Bishop of Tennessee. 
 DIOCESE OF TENNESSEE, OFFICE OF THE BISHOP. 
 
 MEMPHIS, TENN., Jan. n, 1906. 
 
 I thank you for your letter of January 5th, with the 
 copy of your REVIEW enclosed. 
 
 The question you discuss is of great importance and as 
 you say naturally divides itself in the problem of develop- 
 ment of individual character and of creating the legislation 
 of environment calculated to encourage such development. 
 
 What you have written about the subject of poverty and 
 crime, etc., strikes me as reasonable, and I have no doubt 
 we might take lessons from conditions which prevail in 
 Europe. 
 
 Thanking you again for your letter, I am, 
 Most sincerely yours, 
 
 THOS. F. GAILOR, 
 Bishop of Tennessee. 
 
 Intemperance in Eating as a Source of Poverty and 
 Crime. 
 
 I want to take up some of the points in regard to 
 which the eminent gentlemen differ with me. 
 
 President Eliot's statement that "over-eating does 
 not cause as much crime as over-drinking" seems to 
 me somewhat too categorical. I would rather take 
 Professor Farnam's version, who says that "inasmuch 
 as the effects of this (bad food) are much more difficult 
 to trace than those of alcohol, I hardly think it pos- 
 sible to secure any statistics on the subject, and I 
 should think it very unsafe to make numerical com- 
 parisons." That is practically what I said in the Jan- 
 uary issue, except that Prof. Farnam puts it in more 
 refined language. 
 
 It seems exceedingly probable to me and I believe 
 some time we shall know enough about the subject 
 to be able to verify this idea by observation of the 
 
 22 
 
Poverty and Crime from Intemperance. 
 
 facts that irrational and excessive eating causes vastly 
 more crime than over-drinking. For one thing, it 
 is responsible for a large share of that very over- 
 drinking which is charged with producing so much 
 crime. Highly seasoned food, an overloaded stomach, 
 distress or uncomfortable feelings caused by abuse of 
 the stomach and alimentary canal are very prolific 
 sources of over-stimulation. It may take the form of 
 several cordials after a meal, or of an unquenchable 
 thirst an hour or two after, or restlessness at night 
 calling for sedatives or stimulants, etc. It may cause 
 a chronic false thirst or appetite and lead from bad 
 to worse. For another thing, if irrational and ex- 
 cessive eating I do not speak only of over-eating 
 causes many bodily evils, it is by that fact alone a 
 fertile source of crime, for it is bodily evils that largely 
 generate the mental and moral conditions in which 
 crime is hatched. It is the general state of mental 
 unrest, of moral depression, the pessimistic or nar- 
 rowly brutal view of life, the abnormal stimulation of 
 sexual passion the latter being one of the most im- 
 portant of all sources of crime that bring in their 
 train that revival of primitive humanity, the expres- 
 sions of which a civilized society stigmatizes as crime. 
 
 Effects of Beer Drinking on the Germans. 
 
 It may be true it undoubtedly is true that the 
 German nation drinks too much beer. But it is also 
 true that Germany has abundantly deserved the title 
 conferred upon her by a Latin writer, of officina 
 gentium, that she has for the last 1,500 years furnished 
 the population for the civilized world which she has 
 conquered and to the culture of which she has added 
 the most valuable elements. Surely, beer has not ex- 
 hausted or even impaired her vitality. It is also true 
 that Germans, in common with other people, drink 
 
 23 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much/' 
 
 much less today than formerly. As in England, so in 
 Germany and in America, it is no longer considered 
 proper at a dinner to become "drunk as a lord." This 
 is simply in the natural course of advancing culture. 
 Anti-alcoholist movements have had little to do with 
 it. In former times people also used to eat more, and 
 altogether indulge the flesh a great deal more than 
 is considered right at present, excepting some ascetics 
 who only served to emphasize the general condition 
 of animalism. We know very well that civilization is 
 but the getting away from more primitive conditions. 
 
 Progress of Temperance in Eating and Drinking. 
 
 The very fact that we have anti-alcoholists today 
 proves that conditions have greatly improved. As 
 long as everybody ate and drank to excess, there was 
 nothing improper seen in it. Now that higher ideas 
 are gaining, these practices are recognized as evil, and 
 ill-balanced minds want to do away, not with the abuse, 
 but with the use of the good things of the world. I 
 cannot help thinking of what Herbert Spencer said in 
 this connection : 
 
 Elsewhere I have illustrated the curious truth that while 
 an evil is very great it attracts little or no attention; that 
 when, from one or other cause, it is mitigated, recognition 
 of it brings efforts to decrease it; and when it has much 
 diminished, there comes a strong demand that strong meas- 
 ures shall be taken for its extinction; natural means hav- 
 ing done so much, a peremptory call for artificial means 
 arises. One of the instances T named was the immense 
 decline in drunkenness which has taken place since the 
 . eighteenth century, followed during recent times by a loud 
 advocacy of legislation for suppressing it. The occasion 
 for recalling this instance has been the discovery of evid- 
 ence showing how extreme were the excesses 6f our great- 
 grandfathers. 
 
 What has produced the transformation that has since taken 
 place? Not legislation, not stern repression, not coercion. 
 The improvement has slowly arisen, along with other so- 
 
 24 
 
Progress of Temperance. 
 
 cial improvements, from natural causes. Nature's power 
 of curing has been in operation. But this large fact and 
 other large facts having like implications are ignored by 
 our agitators. They cannot be made to recognize the pro- 
 ! cess of evolution resulting from men's daily activities, though 
 facts forced on them from morning till night show this in 
 myriadfold ways. Undeveloped brains cannot recognize 
 the results of slow, silent, invisible causes. 
 
 Small changes wrought by officials are clearly conceived, 
 but there is no conception of those vast changes which 
 have been wrought through the daily process of things un- 
 directed by authority. And thus the notion that a society 
 is a manufacture and not an evolution vitiates political 
 thinking at large, leading to the belief that only by coercion 
 can benefits be achieved. Is an evil shown? Then it must 
 be suppressed by law. Is a good thing suggested? Then 
 let it be compassed by law. 
 
 The Committee of Fifty through its Sub-Committee 
 on the Physiological Aspects of the Liquor Problem 
 has shown a marked decrease in drinking in the United 
 States, even within a few generations. It is, as I say, 
 the general drift of things towards better and higher 
 conditions. The heroes of ancient Greece were repre- 
 sented as tremendous eaters, it was one of the at- 
 tributes of the heroic character. The darling of Teu- 
 tonic mythology, Thor, ate two whole oxen at one 
 sitting on the occasion of his visit to the giant Hymir. 
 Those ideals have passed away. They represent the 
 aspirations of more primitive men, as do the Houris 
 of the Moslem heavens in another direction. A similar 
 drift from primitive indulgence towards the greater 
 temperance of civilized man can with greater accuracy 
 perhaps be traced in the gradual contraction of the 
 limits governing the relations of the sexes, from primi- 
 tive clan and group association to the modern pairing 
 marriage. These are analogues of the gradual ad- 
 vance in the drinking habits of our race. It is progress 
 owing to general causes. 
 
 25 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 Drunkenness as Affected by Race. 
 
 That drunkenness goes by race is largely true. 'The 
 Latin races," says President Eliot, "are not addicted 
 to it; the Russian and Teutonic races are." The facts 
 on this subject compiled and ably discussed by Dr. 
 Bowditch form highly interesting reading. There 
 seem also to be climatic influences that make smaller 
 quantities of alcoholic drink advisable in America than 
 in Europe. 
 
 On a subject so little understood it may be hazardous 
 to venture a conjecture. Yet it seems to me there may 
 be some causal connection between the less degree of 
 drunkenness among the Latins of Southern Europe as 
 compared to the Teutons of the Northern countries, 
 and the natural presence in the Latin countries of the 
 heavier wines of Italy and Spain. The fact that the 
 Latin could always quench his thirst and derive both 
 nourishment and moderate stimulation without great 
 effort or cost from the grapes indigenous to his coun- 
 try may fairly be assumed to have a great deal to do 
 with making him temperate. Having this wholesome 
 beverage naturally at hand he did not take so readily 
 to distillation when it was later introduced in Europe 
 by the Moors. 
 
 Poverty or Crime? Which is Due most to Drinking? 
 
 President Eliot inclines to charge more crime than 
 poverty to drink. A writer on the subject says: 
 "The drunkard may never kill anybody, and yet beat 
 his wife, abuse his children, waste all his earnings in 
 a rum-shop, and reduce his family to want That 
 drunkenness is a most fruitful cause of poverty and 
 domestic unhappiness, if not the most fruitful, no can- 
 did person can doubt; that the saloon is the root of 
 many of the worst evils which now afflict us is equally 
 certain. The temperance people have plenty of argu- 
 
 26 
 
Conditions are Improving. 
 
 ments on their side, even if it is shown that rum is 
 not the cause of all the crime in the world." 
 
 Here the balance is struck in favor of poverty as 
 caused by drink rather than of crime. Which is 
 right? 
 
 However, I am not so much interested in drunken- 
 ness or gluttony. I am speaking of the temperate use 
 of alcoholic drink as well as of food. And I repeat, 
 the temperate use of food and drink, including light 
 fermented beverages, is not harmful to persons of 
 normal constitution. That there are abnormal people 
 who cannot use alcohol, is not denied any more than 
 that there are people with peculiar idiosyncrasies in 
 regard to eating. I know a man, a fine specimen phys- 
 ically as well as mentally, who cannot eat egg without 
 going into convulsions. That is no reason why I should 
 not eat eggs. There are also unfortunates burdened 
 with some physical unsoundness who cannot take 
 alcohol in moderate quantities without evil effects. But 
 that is no reason why everybody else should abstain 
 from it. 
 
 No Cause for Alarm. Conditions are Improving 
 Continually. 
 
 In the introduction to the summary of the investiga- 
 tions of the Committee of Fifty; recently published, 
 Prof. Francis G. Peabody, of Cambridge, Mass. 
 (Harvard), says: 
 
 If, in the confusion of opinion, which prevails concern- 
 ing the drink-problem, a body of facts can be collected 
 which in any degree represents the truth as it is now 
 understood by students of physical and social life, then 
 while such facts are not likely to satisfy all who are 
 already committed to special methods of reform! they may 
 provide a foundation for more rational and comprehensive 
 measures. The cause of temperance has been much ob- 
 structed by intemperate speech and exaggerated statement, and 
 has suffered much through dissensions among those who 
 
 27 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 should have been allies. There is much to fear from ex- 
 cess of drink, but there is also much to fear from ex- 
 cessive statements which experience soon discovers to be 
 unsupported by facts. An investigation, therefore, which 
 disclaims didactic intention, may not be without didactic 
 results. To affirm, for instance, as is done by the report 
 of the Physiological Sub-committee, that the limit of ju- 
 dicious use of alcohol as a beverage is : (a) A single glass 
 of wine per day; (b) For persons of middle age or over; 
 (c) As a sedative, at the end of the day; may appear to 
 those accustomed to inflammatory appeals a diluted form 
 of temperance argument, but to other minds it may appear 
 a more convincing and commanding statement than to teach 
 that a single glass of beer is a step to a drunkard's grave. 
 To point out, as is done by the Legislative Sub-committee, 
 that "it cannot be positively affirmed that any kind of liquor 
 legislation has been more successful than another in pro- 
 moting real temperance," may be to minds trained to regard 
 a single form of legislation as redemptive a somewhat im- 
 potent conclusion ; but this apparently negative conclusion 
 will to ether minds open the way to a more tolerant and 
 judicious application of law as a means rather than an end, 
 and will suggest a cautious opportunism which adapts meth- 
 ods of law to variations in local condition, racial tendency, 
 and density of population. 
 
 Indeed, it is not impossible that a mere statement of the 
 facts concerning the drink-habit, as that social peril presents 
 itself to a considerable number of reasonably impartial ob- 
 servers, may of itself carry to some minds the force of a 
 new argument for temperance. Differences of opinion con- 
 cerning methods of reform should not obscure the prac- 
 tical agreement of all thoughtful students of society con- 
 cerning the menace to modern civilization through the abuse 
 of alcoholic drinks. The truth on the subject is so grave 
 and portentous that it needs no exhortation to carry an ap- 
 peal to the conscience and the will According to the 
 Economic Sub- Committee, 25 per cent, of the poverty of the 
 United States may be traced directly or indirectly to liquor; 
 nearly 50 per cent, of crime is referred to intemperance as 
 one cause, and in 31 per cent, it appears as a first cause. 
 Facts so prodigious as these should silence the sectarian 
 controversies which divide the advocates of temperance, and 
 should summon all intelligent citizens to the realization of 
 
 28 
 
No Cause for Alarm. 
 
 a common peril and a common responsibility. The purpose 
 of the Committee of Fifty will be accomplished if the facts 
 which they have collected and set forth may contribute in 
 any degree to a more rational and comprehensive union of 
 the forces in American life which make for sobriety, self- 
 control, good citizenship, and social responsibility. 
 
 I cannot share Prof. Peabody's alarm concerning 
 the "menace to modern civilization through the abuse 
 of alcoholic drinks" or the "realization of a common 
 peril." I refer to what I said above, viz., that the 
 abuse of alcoholic drinks has been for a long time 
 growing less and continues to diminish owing to the 
 general advance of the civilized nations along the 
 lines of culture. The Committee of Fifty itself bears 
 out this statement as applying even within the narrow 
 limits of a few generations. Incomparably greater will 
 the progress along this line appear if we look back 
 centuries instead of generations. 
 
 I believe much can be done by rational, sane treat- 
 ment of the question, especially taking it, as I have 
 tried to indicate, in connection with the general prob- 
 lems of health and education, working for temperance 
 in all things among adults, and bringing up children 
 free from the inclination to excess, not requiring con- 
 scious self-restraint To this should, of course, be 
 added the general betterment of social conditions, re- 
 moving the haunting fear of poverty and distress from 
 the working classes and giving them environment that 
 shall make them realize more powerfully their dignity 
 as men belonging to a stage of culture far above the 
 primitive animal status, with that moral responsibility 
 which comes only with the advance of civilization. 
 
 But there is no cause for alarm. On the contrary, 
 there is cause for congratulation. The most serious 
 stumbling block in the evolution of temperance is the 
 hysteria of the anti-alcoholists whose intemperate ut- 
 terances and irrational conduct tend only to generate 
 
 29 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 intemperance in thought, speech and action which can- 
 not fail to react unfavorably and promote rather than 
 curb intemperance in drink, by upsetting the mental, 
 moral and nervous balance of those on whom they 
 make an impression. 
 
 Heroic Work by the Texas Brewers' Ass'n. 
 
 It can be done. Look at Texas ! 
 
 Galveston, Tex., Dec. 22, 1905. 
 MR. B. ADOUE, Chairman Texas Brewers' Association, City. 
 
 Dear Sir: Six months ago for account of the Texas 
 Brewers' Association, we undertook to demonstrate that 
 persons engaged in the sale of liquors at retail, in this city, 
 could be induced to obey the law regulating the sale of in- 
 toxicants. This we claim to have accomplished so far as 
 our detectives have been able to discover, and they are con- 
 stantly on watch. 
 
 1. There is now no gambling or policy shop connected 
 with any saloon or place where liquors are sold. 
 
 2. No liquors are now being sold to minors, without a 
 written order from parents, according to law. 
 
 3. Very little, if any, whiskey is sold without license. 
 
 4. Lewd women are not permitted to enter and remain 
 in places where liquors are sold; no dance halls. 
 
 5. The midnight closing ordinance, passed by the County 
 Commissioners at the instance of this association, is being 
 strictly enforced, and the result thereof is greatly beneficial 
 to the public peace. 
 
 6. The Mascot Variety Theatre was permanently closed 
 by the association after a stubborn fight. 
 
 7. Seven gambling houses for whites and four for ne- 
 groes were permanently closed as a result of our campaign. 
 
 8. Several thousand dollars were collected in liquor deal- 
 ers' licenses by the county and state as the result of the 
 work of our detectives. 
 
 9. Complaints against saloon-keepers have been reduced 
 to the minimum, and immediate relief is given when com- 
 plaint is filed with Secretary Paget, No. 2114 Mechanic 
 street, in this city. Respectfully submitted, 
 
 WHEELER & CLOUGH, 
 Attorneys for Texas Brewers' Association. 
 
 30 
 
Death's Head at the Feast. 
 
 Mr. Adoue, whom I have on a previous occasion 
 called the grand old man of the brewing trade of 
 Texas, says in a letter concerning the above report: 
 "This is an indisputable statement. If all the United 
 States brewers would apply the same methods the 
 beer trade would soon become as "clean" as any 
 other respectable business, and prohibitionists would 
 have no ground to stand on. The brewers have the 
 power of doing what public officials refuse to do. Why 
 not do it?" 
 
 In another letter Mr. Adoue says: "No trouble 
 whatever is experienced with respectable, intelligent 
 saloon-keepers, and they are in the large majority. It is 
 the ignorant, vicious keeper who causes all the trouble. 
 They are not numerous, but it requires only a few 
 of them to give a bad repute to all engaged in the 
 business. Texas is a large state, our work is very 
 extensive, and the expenses of the association exceed 
 $10,000 monthly. No stronger proof can be given of 
 the earnestness and sincerity of the reform work now 
 being carried on by the Texas Brewers' Association." 
 
 (March i, 1906.) 
 
 The Preponderance of Evidence and Authority is 
 
 Decidedly in Favor of the Temperate Use 
 
 of Mild Fermented Beverages, 
 
 "Death's Head at the Feast." Under this ghastly 
 headline the Chicago Chronicle printed an editorial 
 article, the subject of which was the fact that at the 
 Washington's birthday banquet of the Union League 
 Club of Chicago two of the guests were seized with 
 apoplectic symptoms, one remaining for a while in a 
 critical condition, and this happened before they had 
 had much to eat. 
 
 I have not read of any sermon being preached on 
 this subject, or anyone being rebuked for having 
 
 31 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much/' 
 
 habitually abused himself by over-eating and irrational 
 eating so as to bring on a state of health that would 
 lead to collapse at such a time. Had a man collapsed 
 in a barroom, there would have been eloquent tirades 
 against the use of alcoholic drink. And, possibly, the 
 zealots may yet discover the liquor dealer on whom to 
 lay the burden. No doubt, both men would be glad 
 to get out of it by blaming it on "liquor." 
 
 No, gentlemen, it is not liquor. It is just plain 
 foolish eating. 
 
 In his very gracious letter which I printed in the 
 February issue of the American Brewers' Review, Pro- 
 fessor Henry W. Farnam, of Yale University, said 
 that the subjects of my first "Talks on Beer and Tem- 
 perance," viz., the "Psychic Influence of Food and 
 Drink" and "Intemperance in Food Causes More 
 Distress than Intemperance in Drink" had not been 
 neglected by scientists, and he referred to the book 
 of Professor R. H. Chittenden, also of Yale and a 
 member of the Committee of Fifty, called "Physiolog- 
 ical Economy in Nutrition/' in that connection. 
 
 Professor Chittenden there shows by a most interest- 
 ing series of experiments that it is possible to live 
 and maintain strength and normal body-weight, to- 
 gether with mental vigor, on less than half the amount 
 of proteid food laid down as necessary in the standard 
 dietaries hitherto accepted as authoritative, which 
 standards are probably largely exceeded by many people. 
 And this does not necessitate any increase of other 
 foods, either. In fact, the tendency of the experiments 
 is that a marked improvement in health, muscular 
 power and mental buoyancy is attained under such a 
 regimen. Prof. Chittenden, however, does not follow 
 the reasoning (so-called) of the anti-alcoholist by say- 
 ing, "Away with proteid food altogether!" He says 
 repeatedly that he does not advocate prohibition, but 
 
 32 
 
Too Much Proteid Food. 
 
 moderation. Neither does he incline to vegetarianism. 
 It matters not whether the proteid is animal or vege- 
 table. Naturally, however, his results tend to reduce 
 the amount of meat to be eaten, meat being the chief 
 proteid food that we use. 
 
 I see in these results the finest confirmation of my 
 previous articles. The empirical dietary standards, the 
 proteid amounts of which Prof. Chittenden wishes 
 to cut in half even for those called upon for the most 
 intense physical exertion, as college athletes, are large- 
 ly of European origin. Now, Europeans eat vastly 
 less meat than Americans. Probably, the average 
 American, eating meat three times a day, greatly ex- 
 ceeds the accepted amount of permissible proteid. In 
 his case, it is fair to believe, the quantity could be cut 
 down to one-third of the customary amount. 
 
 How does this bear on "Beer and Temperance"? 
 
 This enormous excess of proteid food over the re- 
 quirements of the body causes a waste of energy, con- 
 sequent lassitude, thirst, false appetite, nervous dis- 
 comfort, dyspepsia, to say nothing of the probable sus- 
 ceptibility to disease from the presence of broken-down 
 albuminous matter in the system. It probably 'has 
 much to do with the American taste for highly seasoned 
 food, the excessive amounts of pepper, catsups, biting 
 sauces of all kinds. 
 
 I refer to Dr. Chittenden's book in this place 
 to support my statement in previous articles that we 
 all eat too much in quantity and eat irrationally, i. e., 
 we do not select our food properly, as shown by the 
 enormous excess of proteid food. This being true, and 
 the truth being practically universal, is not the lack 
 of perfect health and the nervous irritation consequent 
 on it abundant ground to account for by far a greater 
 amount of insanity, crime and poverty than the com- 
 paratively small amount of alcoholic liquor consumed? 
 
 33 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much/' 
 
 Unfortunately, as I said, in the present state of knowl- 
 edge, the effects of irrational eating cannot be clearly 
 traced, especially as not one person in a thousand is 
 capable of directly following up his state of health in 
 connection with his dietary. Neither has any compre- 
 hensive effort ever been made to trace out the social, 
 economic and psychic effects of the abuse of the body 
 through the stomach. It is a silent, insidious cause 
 that does not advertise itself from the housetops like 
 the frenzy of the drunkard, and hence, although far 
 more dangerous, is generally ignored. 
 
 I find, however, next to nothing in Prof. Chittenden's 
 book concerning the importance of the psychic in- 
 fluence of food and drink, beyond a reference to the 
 desirability of absence of restraint in the selection of 
 food, and similar matters incidentally and briefly re- 
 ferred to. Yet this highly important consideration 
 seems to me to incline the general balance strongly 
 in favor of the use of alcoholic beverages temperarely, 
 of course. 
 
 The physiological sub-committee of the Committee 
 of Fifty, consisting of Prof. W. O. Atwater, Wesleyan 
 University; John S. Billings, Astor Library; Prof. 
 H. B. Bowditch, Harvard Medical School; Prof. R. 
 H. Chittenden, Sheffield Scientific School (Yale) ; and 
 Dr. W. H. Welch, Johns Hopkins Hospital, lays down 
 its conclusion that the amount of alcoholic drink which 
 can be used freely by the average adult without pro- 
 ducing bad results is probably, at a minimum estimate, 
 a glass of wine or a pint of beer a day. The English 
 standard by Anstie is half a bottle of claret or Rhine 
 wine, or four glasses of beer English beer, containing 
 more alcohol than American. 
 
 This statement is based wholly on the physical con- 
 ditions. 
 
 34 
 
Moral Perversion of Anti-Alcoholists. 
 
 Taking this very modest allowance, we have at 
 least, on purely physiological grounds, and on behalf 
 of authorities which are certainly not biased in favor 
 of alcohol, a decided balance in favor of the claim that 
 the temperate use of alcohol is not harmful to normal 
 individuals. If we add to this the considerations set 
 forth in my previous articles, as to the importance of 
 the psychical element, the good cheer, the heightened 
 spirits, the flow of conversation, the good-fellowship, 
 the general enjoyment of it all there is a preponder- 
 ance of such magnitude and weight that the case may 
 properly be considered closed and decided definitely 
 in favor of the use of mild fermented beverages. The 
 fact that a certain amount of abuse is made of these 
 beverages does not affect the question. The same may 
 be said of food, and no sane person would suggest a 
 genejal prohibition of eating because some people have 
 apoplexy at a banquet or because many are chronically 
 in a subnormal state of health from irrational eating. 
 
 The Atmosphere of Moral Perversity Generated by 
 the Anti-Alcoholist. 
 
 I attended a New Year's Eve party at the house of a 
 friend. The people present were of the middle class, 
 intelligent, normally free from prejudice, healthy and 
 given to a rational appreciation of the joy of living. . 
 
 A glass of wine was served. 
 
 No sooner did they have the glasses in their hands 
 than they began to tell stories of drunken people. 
 
 Why were such stories told? What is there about 
 a glass of wine to suggest drunkenness, any more than 
 sitting down to a meal should suggest the slab at the 
 hospital and an operation for appendicitis? 
 
 It is simply that extraordinary, unwholesome moral 
 atmosphere in regard to the drink question which has 
 been generated by half a century of unreasonable agita- 
 
 35 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 tion, absurd exaggeration and misrepresentation on 
 the part of the anti-drink zealots. 
 
 It occurred to me that this was a good illustration 
 of the statement I have repeatedly made, that this 
 irrational attitude of the anti-alcoholists creates an 
 artificial, unnatural association of the ideas of rational 
 use and irrational excess, and thus promotes intemper- 
 ance. To a normal mind in a normal environment it 
 would never occur to think of drunkenness in connec- 
 tion with a social glass of wine, any more than at a 
 meal it would occur to think of a feast of Lucullus 
 with asafoetida as an evacuator of the stomach and 
 similar delectable performances. By establishing this 
 association of ideas, these people, to whose natures 
 temperance is unknown, create a tendency to intemper- 
 ance which is not present normally. Fear of disease 
 weakens the system and opens the portals for in- 
 fection. Fear of intemperance is likely to work in a 
 similar manner. 
 
 Let us drink as we should eat, normally, rationally, 
 temperately. Banish the fear of the hospital and the 
 death's head from our tables, and we shall enjoy our 
 meal and get the full benefit it is capable of giving. 
 Likewise, disperse the mists of moral perversity artifi- 
 cially generated by the anti-alcoholists, in which to dis- 
 play their ghastly pictures of poor-house, insane asylum 
 and prison and other figments of a disordered imagina- 
 tion, and we shall enjoy a glass of beer or light wine 
 without the slightest fear or danger of injurious con- 
 sequences. 
 
 I have said before, and I say again, the anti-alco- 
 holist is a person afflicted with some abnormality, 
 be it physical, mental or moral. He has no' right to 
 claim a higher morality. Rather the contrary. His 
 is the inferior moral plane, the plane of intemperance 
 
 36 
 
Spiritual Side of the Question. 
 
 in thought, in speech, in action. Being himself ill- 
 balanced, he seeks to overthrow the balance of others 
 and drag them down to this inferior standard. In- 
 capable of enjoying the good things of the world in 
 moderation, he believes, or affects to believe, that all 
 other people are equally unfortunate, and he wants 
 to put them back into leading strings. Instead of 
 cringing before his self-assumed but fictitious moral 
 superiority, treat him as he deserves, put him where 
 he belongs, among the children, the sick, the lame, and 
 the halting, give him not of your fear, but of your 
 pity, and tell him to mind his own business. 
 
 (April i, 1906.) 
 The Spiritual Side of the Drink Question and the 
 
 Degrading Materialism of the Anti-Alcoholist. 
 
 There is not only a spirituous but also a spiritual side 
 to the drink question. And how close they lie to- 
 gether! The very words suggest them. What in- 
 duced the framers of our language to apply that word 
 which signified to them the great essence of the uni- 
 verse and that which seemed to them akin to it, the 
 essence of man, also to the essence that sleeps in the 
 grape and the barley-corn and leaps into life when it 
 enters the human body? Why did they call it spirit? 
 Did they not perceive the kinship between them? 
 
 The Growler has had something to say of the psy- 
 chic effect of food and drink. But he has addressed 
 himself largely to the immediate influence of the 
 psychical on the physical, and dealt mostly with the 
 lower psychical activities. But there is a deeper mean- 
 ing. 
 
 This reflection was suggested by reading in a letter 
 from Prof. Lafayette B. Mendel, of Yiale University, 
 published in Physiological Aspects of the Liquor Prob- 
 lem, the following passage from O. Funke : 
 
 37 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much:' 
 
 It is foolish and unjustifiable to put a stop to even the 
 most moderate enjoyment of the aforementioned stimulus 
 (alcoholic drink). One does not need to have recourse to 
 the argument that the inclination to acquire it in some form 
 or other is really the expression of an inextinguishible hu- 
 man instinct which has made itself felt in all ages and by all 
 peoples. One needs only to ask: Must our machine, then, 
 always work in the same monotonous, tiresome tempo as 
 the pendulum of a clock? What harm is there if from time 
 to time it pumps somewhat more quickly under a high pres- 
 sure of steam if subsequently, during a period of slower 
 work, it can make good this slight unnecessary expenditure 
 of force by drafts from an abundant store of energy, and re- 
 pair any small damage which its mechanism may have suf- 
 fered? It is certainly a fact that many a bright fruitful 
 idea has been born from a bumper of fragrant Rhine wine 
 which, perhaps, would never have come from the water 
 jug of a vegetarian. Many a bitter heartache, which would 
 have eaten deeper and deeper by drinking raspberry lemon- 
 ade, has been softened by a nice cup of coffee; many a 
 trouble, many a care, has disappeared in the smoke of a 
 cigar, and that is surely worth something in this poor hu- 
 man existence. 
 
 Does that strike a responsive chord? Have you not 
 often wished to be able to get away from the hum- 
 drum of business, the routine of public and even, at 
 times, of home life? Have you not asked yourself, 
 if there is really nothing else in this world but the 
 hunt for the dollar? Have you not longed for a quiet 
 retreat, or for the companionship of soul, to get away 
 out of the lime light of publicity? Have you not 
 gone out with your wife to theater or country or to 
 a cozy corner in a comfortable eating house, and rev- 
 eled once more in the blissfulness of exclusive com- 
 panionship, as you did while you were engaged, or 
 almost so, and not yet married? 
 
 Is All Emotion Objectionable? 
 
 Should we really never allow any emotion to take 
 hold of us, to tug at our heartstrings, to send the blood 
 
 38 
 
Joy of Living is Elevating. 
 
 flowing more swiftly and strongly through our veins? 
 Is the athlete to be condemned for the stimulation of 
 his circulatory system and the intense joy he feels 
 in this heightened consciousness of living? Must we 
 suppress all our enthusiasm for great and noble 
 thoughts and heroic endeavor? Have I done wrong 
 to be moved to tears by the sight of an Apollo 
 Belvidere, to sob at the appearance of the knight of 
 the swan? 
 
 Out upon this utilitarianism, out upon this nightmare 
 of materialism which the anti-alcoholist would force 
 upon us ! 
 
 Here is another quotation. It is from an article by 
 Professor Dr. Eulenburg, of Berlin University : 
 
 Man should not be considered merely as a working en- 
 gine, a power engine (of only 1/7 horsepower) but also 
 with respect to other features of his nature, notably as an 
 emotional being, often passionately emotional, and as a creat- 
 ure gifted with imagination, with artistic creative power. 
 For all those strength tests in beast and man and all psycho- 
 logical experiments always gave as the final result of the 
 effect of alcohol either only a diminution of the direct work 
 performed by the muscle or of some functions lying within 
 the sphere of the intellect, the understanding; such diminu- 
 tion was shown f. i. in the tests with arithmetical problems, 
 memorizing, "inner" and "outer" associations, etc. But no 
 one has yet succeeded in fathoming the extent to which the 
 powers of soul life slumbering in the depths of conscious- 
 ness, the emotions, the free and fanciful combination of im- 
 pressions received, the synthetic, creative, poetic and forma- 
 tive, in fact all artistic activity may under similar influ- 
 ences be stimulated, fructified or awakened and set free. 
 These are matters which, for the present, lie beyond the reach 
 of weights and measures, and here the undeniable heavy debit 
 account of alcohol possesses a partly discharging credit ac- 
 count. 
 
 39 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 He who Destroys the Joy of Life Is the Real Author 
 of Crime and Misery. 
 
 This may be considered a strange indictment I am 
 bringing against the anti-alcoholist. I charge him who 
 would deprive us of part of the joy of living, with 
 being the real promoter of misery, of crime, of in- 
 sanity, of poverty, of all those things which are, to a 
 great extent, the results of spiritual starvation. 
 
 Time was when the enjoyment of physical existence 
 was the chief aim of living men. With the growth of 
 higher moral ideas came the knowledge that this could 
 not be all there was in life. Unrest took hold of the 
 ancient world, there were protests against the sensual 
 life on the one hand, while the great accumulations of 
 wealth led to greater indulgence on the other hand. 
 Out of the mysticism of the East came the great re- 
 ligious revolution, and the medieval church, going to 
 the opposite extreme, condemned all enjoyment of 
 physical existence. 
 
 In the present day we are beginning to see that here, 
 as in other things, truth lies midway temperance. 
 We see that the men of the middle ages went too far 
 in the reaction from extreme sensuality when they con- 
 trasted the "prince of this world" with the prince of 
 the spiritual world and condemned all enjoyment of 
 life as being of the flesh and the devil. We are be- 
 ginning to see as, according to the biblical account, 
 the Creator saw in the beginning, that the world is 
 good, and we, being in and of the world, have a right 
 to enjoy it, not in the old animal and sensual way, by 
 abandoning ourselves to the lusts of the flesh, but in 
 that temperate way which becomes civilized man. 
 
 The anti-alcoholist has taken only the first step from 
 the ancient days. He remains standing on the ground 
 of medieval morality. For him there is either swinish 
 
 40 
 
Materialism of the "Antis." 
 
 indulgence or ascetic abstinence and self-mortification. 
 He has not yet taken the second step which would 
 place him in the full sunlight of modern ethical thought 
 recognizing the propriety of temperately enjoying this 
 world as not only compatible with, but conducive to, 
 the development of the highest faculties of man. It 
 always ends in the same thought temperance. 
 
 Materialism of the Anti-Alcoholist. 
 
 The tendency of the anti-alcoholist movement is es- 
 sentially materialistic and anti-spiritual. Is it really 
 so important that one should keep oneself keyed up con- 
 stantly to the highest pitch of economic efficiency ? Is 
 there really nothing in the world but business or pro- 
 fessional success? Must we live everlastingly in that 
 tedious humdrum of our everyday occupations ? I have 
 been told that in a certain great watch factory it is 
 impossible to keep a person at a certain kind of work 
 driving rivets, I think it is for more than two or 
 three months ; if he stays longer he goes insane. That 
 is an extreme case. But is not the effect of everyday 
 life, uninterrupted by a frequent awakening and ex- 
 ercise of soul-life, somewhat similar? 
 
 What else is it than a degrading materialism to 
 hold before us as the worthiest end of our ambition 
 business success, wealth, power ? That is the tendency 
 of those persons who exult in the action of railroads 
 forbidding the use of alcoholic drink to their em- 
 ployes ; the same railroads and corporations which will 
 not employ men over 35 or 40 years of age, when 
 men are in their prime, because they are not reckless 
 enough in taking chances with the lives of passengers 
 or the property of customers. They must have young 
 men of "nerve" to take out their great engines dash- 
 
 41 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much/' 
 
 ing through the night, with a trainload of sleeping hu- 
 manity behind them. 
 
 You cannot drag down to that degrading materialism 
 the man who breaks away often from the jog-trot of 
 his daily work, who turns his thoughts to higher and 
 better things than the dollar, who enjoys the com- 
 panionship of kindred souls or of those against whom 
 he can sharpen his wits. In a word, the man who en- 
 joys! He is the man who creates, who helps develop 
 the spiritual in himself and others. 
 
 The Joy of Living has an Elevating Influence. 
 
 I am speaking of holding out this low ideal as a 
 demoralizing force, largely responsible for the low tone 
 of business morality so prevalent to-day. I am not 
 admitting, however, that the abstainer really does fit 
 himself better for the economic struggle than does he 
 who indulges temperately in alcoholic beverages. 
 On the contrary, even though it were true which 
 it is not that such temperate use diminished 
 the strength, the mere fact of enhancing the enjoy- 
 ment of living has such a powerfully elevating and 
 strengthening effect, both mentally and physically, that 
 any little injury done is much more than compensated. 
 The man to whom alcoholic drink is a relish, a condi- 
 ment, a something that adds to the joy of physiological 
 functions, that animates social and spiritual intercourse, 
 possesses a buoyancy by virtue of these things which 
 the other, groveling forever in the metallic dust, can 
 never feel or appreciate. The withholding of this 
 spice of life, the physical starvation it would bring 
 about, would create an amount of crime, insanity, gen- 
 eral misery and a universal lowering of morals which 
 one must shudder to imagine. On the other hand, the 
 relish of mere living, the heightening of the spirits, 
 the stimulation of the imagination, the contemplation 
 
 42 
 
Liebig's Statement as to Beer. 
 
 of ideas above the sordid occupations of stale bread- 
 and-butter work or the machinations for business suc- 
 cess, these things, as promoted by the temperate use 
 of an alcoholic condiment, constitute a positive 
 dynamic influence for the elevation of mankind. 
 
 (May, 1906.) 
 
 Disposing of that Quotation from Liebig as to the 
 Lack of Nutriment in Beer. 
 
 There is an oft repeated pretended quotation from 
 Liebig, the great German chemist, on which the anti- 
 alcoholists strongly rely. It may be well to dispose of 
 that misquotation. 
 
 The report of the Sub-Committee of the Committee 
 of Fifty on the Physiological Aspects of the Liquor 
 Problem contains a part devoted to the so-called 
 "scientific temperance instruction" with which the 
 minds of our youth are being poisoned and their char- 
 acters perverted quite generally in our public schools. 
 This part was prepared by Dr. H. P. Bowditch, of the 
 Harvard Medical School, of Boston, and 'Prof. C. F. 
 Hodge, of Clark University, Worcester, Mass., and 
 approved by the Sub-Committee on the Physiological 
 and Pathological Aspects of the Drink Problem, con- 
 sisting, in addition to the two gentlemen named, of 
 Dr. J. S. Billings, U. S. Army, Director of the Medical 
 Museum and Library, Washington : General Francis 
 A. Walker, President of the Massachusetts Institute 
 of Technology: Professor R. H. Chittenden, of the 
 Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University: Dr. 
 William H. Welch, Professor of Pathology in Johns 
 Hopkins University, Baltimore ; Dr. G. Alder Blumer, 
 Director of the State Insane Asylum, Utica, N. Y. ; 
 and the late Dr. W. O. Atwater, Professor of Chem- 
 istry in Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn. 
 
 43 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much/' 
 
 Finally, the report received the approval of the Com- 
 mittee of Fifty as a whole. 
 
 In the discussion of these "legalized lies" which, 
 owing to the ignorance and cowardice of so many state 
 legislatures, are being taught in our public schools to 
 the demoralization of the young, the report says : 
 
 Another illustration of the way in which the method of 
 partial quotation of scientific authorities is employed to serve 
 the purposes of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union 
 is furnished by the use made of Liebig's statement as to the 
 nutritive value of beer, often quoted in the school physiol- 
 ogy journals and similar publications. 
 
 It reads as follows : 
 
 "We can prove with mathematical certainty that as much 
 flour as can lie on the point of a table knife is more nutri- 
 tious than eight quarts of the best Bavarian beer." 
 
 This statement occurs in a rare edition of LIEBIG'S Chem- 
 ical Letters published in 1852, and in no previous or subse- 
 quent editions. It is well known that LIEBIG divided all food 
 substances into two groups, viz. : nitrogenous or plastic 
 foods and non-nitrogenous or respiratory foods. While we 
 have not been able to see the edition in which this state- 
 ment occurs, it is evident from what we have learned of it 
 and from, statements in the same connection in other edi- 
 tions, that LIEBIG, in making this statement, must have had 
 in mind the nitrogenous ingredients of beer. To this group 
 he attached the greater physiological importance, believing 
 them to be the sole source of mechanical energy of the body, 
 while the latter group served for the production of animal 
 heat. This distinction cannot be maintained in the light of 
 later investigations. That LIEBIG clearly had it in mind, 
 however, in writing the above paragraph, is shown by the 
 fact that he elsewhere mentions specifically alcohol, beer, 
 and wine as "respiratory foods/' It is, therefore, evident, 
 that to make the above statement accurately express LIEBIG'S 
 view, it should be altered so as to read "contains more ni- 
 trogenous nutriment than eight quarts," etc. Taken by it- 
 self, it entirely misrepresents Liebig's position* 
 
 *Italics are mine. 
 
 44 
 
Misrepresents Liebig's View. 
 
 R. O. NEUMANN calls attention to the above quotation 
 from LIEBIG in an article on the Significance of Alcohol as 
 Food in the Archiv fur Hygiene, 1899, Vol. xxxvi, pp. 2, 3, 
 He gives the quotation in more detail as follows : 
 
 "As much flour as can be held on the point of a knife- 
 blade is more nutritious than five (Bavarian) quarts of the 
 best Bavarian beer. A man who should be in condition to 
 drink daily five quarts of beer would thus have in a year, 
 under favorable circumstances, exactly as much nutritive 
 material as in a five-pound loaf of bread or in three pounds 
 of meat." 
 
 A calculation based on the combustion warmth of starch 
 leads NEUMANN to the conclusion that, in this estimate of 
 the nutritive value of beer, Liebig has committed an error 
 of over 8,000 per cent. 
 
 He notes, however, that, seven years later, LIEBIG, as the 
 results of his experiments in metabolism, reached the con- 
 clusion that alcohol in its value as a respiratory food, stands 
 nearest to the fats. 
 
 I can remember well enough that, when I was a 
 boy, nitrogenous or plastic food was the only kind 
 actually considered as "food," and we find a similar 
 idea prevailing among athletes and their trainers to- 
 day, who, in order to build up musclej insist on eating 
 enormous proportions of meat. Nitrogenous food was 
 food par excellence. When Liebig spoke of food, that 
 is what he meant. 
 
 It is further probable from the above quotation that 
 Liebig realized how his statement could be miscon- 
 strued, and hence it was omitted from later editions. 
 It is, therefore, not Liebig' s opinion at all, or was 
 such, at best, transiently even in the restricted sense 
 which it properly bears. 
 
 This is all that remains of the famous quotation from 
 Liebig which, as the anti-drink "fans" claim, "has never 
 been refuted." 
 
 It should be added that the fats are held to be the 
 greatest producers of energy, standing higher than the 
 
 45 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much/' 
 
 carbohydrates. Liebig, therefore, by placing alcohol 
 as a respiratory food nearest to the fats, puts it above 
 the carbohydrates in nutritive value. 
 
 More "Disheartening Results" from Letters to 
 Prominent Men. 
 
 The anti-alcoholist papers inform their readers that 
 the results from my letters to members of the Com- 
 mittee of Fifty have been disheartening. 
 
 I could stand a lot more of that sort of "dishearten- 
 ing" results. 
 
 And, by the way, there are some more. For instance, 
 Dr. H. P. Bowditch, of the Harvard Medical School, 
 wrote under date of February 14, 1906: 
 
 I am in receipt of your letter of February 9, 1906, and 
 am very glad to be able to agree with you as to many of 
 the points to which you refer. In my experience I have 
 found the real obstacles to rational temperance movements 
 to lie in the fact that fanatical total abstinence agitators are 
 apt to combine with dealers in intoxicating liquors in defeat- 
 ing moderate measures looking towards a reform in the use 
 of alcohol. That, at least, has been our experience here in 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 There is also a letter from Dr. Pereira Mendes, of 
 New York, which, although not written as lucidly as 
 one might desire, owing, no doubt, to condensation, is 
 nevertheless interesting and- indorses the "Growler's" 
 attitude heartily. Here it is : 
 
 New York, February 16, 1906. I cannot commend too 
 highly your attitude on the alcohol question. Its insidious 
 action cannot be too carefully and constantly resisted. 
 
 We have passed from the age of every gentleman drink- 
 ing his bottle at his dinner and so proving himself to be a 
 gentleman. I trust we will speedily pass from the present 
 age of "Have a drink," as a proof of geniality and comrade- 
 ship. 
 
 Alcohol, in my opinion, should be used only as advised by 
 physicians, and should be sold only by druggists. Its use 
 
 46 
 
California Wines and Beer. 
 
 should be under the strictest control when in the form of 
 whiskey or other spirits. Wine, not containing a high per- 
 centage of alcohol, needs restrictions less stringent. The 
 abolition of the use of wines and spirits is one thing. Their 
 proper use is another. 
 
 Whatever we extract from God's gifts to man is meant 
 for a blessing, and should be so used. But when we abuse 
 any one of them, then the blessing becomes a curse. Hence 
 the necessity for wise restriction. Faithfully yours, 
 
 H. PEREIRA MENDES, 
 Minister Spanish and Portuguese Congregation, New York 
 
 City. 
 
 As to the Statement Concerning California Wines 
 and Beer. 
 
 And, now, as to the letter of President Eliot. It 
 was my intention to say nothing more about that mat- 
 ter since Dr. Eliot virtually abandoned his contention. 
 A writer in a California paper a short time ago quoted 
 triumphantly Dr. Eliot's statement that "a cheap and 
 good provision of beer and light wine will not pre- 
 vent Teutonic people from drinking distilled liquor to 
 excess. On this point see the experience of Califor- 
 nia." The article, however, was too utterly silly to 
 merit a reply, and the medium in which it appeared, 
 was not of sufficient consequence to call for refuta- 
 tion. But now the statement is quoted again and is 
 likely to go the rounds of the prohibition press. 
 
 It therefore becomes necessary to state that the 
 ''Growler" did not let the matter rest with Dr. Eliot's 
 statement. As I do not want to follow the fashion of 
 the anti-alcoholists, of publishing garbled extracts, I 
 will here give the correspondence in full. All I have 
 to say about it is that a little slip is liable to happen 
 to anybody, even to the president of a great university. 
 Quandoque bonus dorniitat Homerus. 
 
 CHICAGO, ILL., FEBRUARY 7th, 1906. CHAS. W. ELIOT, Esq., 
 President Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Dear Sir: 
 
 47 
 
The Rule of "ttot Too Much. 3 ' 
 
 In your letter of January 8th, you have this passage: "A 
 cheap and good provision of beer and light wine will not 
 prevent Teutonic peoples from drinking distilled liquors to 
 excess. On this point see the experience of California." 
 
 I would like to know to what experience of California 
 you refer. I have been unable to find anything in the litera- 
 ture on this subject. 
 
 Thanking you for your kindness and attention, I remain, 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 HARVARD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE, MARCH 9, 1906. Dear 
 Sir: I believe the experience of California shows that the 
 cheapness of wine in California has not diminished the con- 
 sumption of whiskey and other distilled liquors. The num- 
 ber of United States licenses in California in comparison 
 with the number in other states would shed some light on this 
 subject. Perhaps you could find some statistics concerning 
 the consumption of distilled liquor in California as compared 
 with the rest of the country in the Internal Revenue Reports 
 and Census. Very truly yours, 
 
 CHARLES W. ELIOT. 
 
 CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH i2th, 1906. CHARLES W. ELIOT, 
 LL.D., President Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 
 Dear Sir: I thank you cordially for your letter of the 9th 
 inst. referring to the experience of California in regard to 
 the question whether the cheapness of wine has diminished 
 the consumption of distilled liquors. I shall make an effort 
 to investigate this subject, although it is, of course, extreme- 
 ly difficult to arrive at any conclusions in regard to any sec- 
 tion of the country from the records of the Internal Revenue 
 office and the Census. There is no special tax stamp issued 
 by the United States Government for the sale of wine as dis- 
 tinguished from other liquors, such as, for instance, is the 
 case with malt liquors. The consumption also is extremely 
 difficult to get at, especially when you consider that brandy 
 and wine manufactured in California is shipped all over the 
 country. Another element is the large increase of popula- 
 tion, and as all these questions must necessarily be consid- 
 ered relative to population, the whole subject is extremely 
 difficult. 
 
 I thank you, however, for having called my attention to 
 the matter, and if I can find anything definite enough to war- 
 
 48 
 
Irrational Eating. 
 
 rant any conclusions, I shall take the liberty of communicat- 
 ing with you again. 
 
 Thanking you for your interest in the matter, I remain 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 Gluttony and Irrational Eating as a Cause of Dis- 
 tress and Unhappiness. 
 
 The "Growler" is charged by the prohibition pub- 
 lications with trying to effect a diversion from the 
 temperance issue by insisting on the far greater dangers 
 arising from irrational eating than from drink. 
 
 Now, I am aware that this idea is comparatively new 
 and that the proof of it is not so readily accessible, 
 although we are surrounded on all hands by evidence 
 sufficient to create a strong moral conviction of its 
 truth. It is interesting to note that other minds, not 
 occupied with the drink question, are beginning to 
 realize the mischief of irrational eating, and I want to 
 quote here an editorial that appeared March 24, in the 
 Chicago Chronicle under the head "Gluttony." 
 
 If a man wishes to get on good terms with a strange 
 horse he offers him a nut, an apple or a lump of sugar. 
 This opens the way for any other familiarities that he may 
 desire. 
 
 It is singular how much like horses, in this respect, men, 
 women and children are. There is no avenue open to the 
 human mind or heart like that through the stomach. Thefe 
 is not a single appeal made to human nature in which there 
 is prejudice, selfishness or inertia to be overcome in which 
 an offer of something to eat or drink is not useful, and there 
 are not many such cases in which it is neglected. A drink 
 of liquor is called a "smile," because it always produces a 
 smile when it is got free, and it is no more a smile with 
 drinking people than a nice mouthful of something to eat 
 is with a different class of people. We are all like so many 
 horses or dogs so far as our passion for free lunch is con- 
 cerned. 
 
 People will attend to all matters that bear directly on their 
 own comfort or profit without thinking of eating, but if a 
 matter affects them only indirectly, and remotely, and much 
 
 49 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 more if they are not interested in it at all, nothing will in* 
 duce them to consider it except something to* eat or drink. 
 
 This is the rationale of the banquet. When matters oi 
 great importance require discussion and they are not such 
 as will make a difference in a man's home comforts or bank 
 account within a week the only way to get him to consider 
 it, even by listening to the opinions of others, is to invite 
 him to a banquet at which it is to be discussed. If the dis- 
 cussion took place in a hall no one would think of attending 
 it. 
 
 This means of placating human nature is constantly re- 
 sorted to in different kinds of business. Most of us have 
 heard of people being encouraged to buy drinks by offering 
 them without cost a mouthful of appetizing food. No real 
 estate dealer would take a party of people out of town to sell 
 them a tract of land without feeding them on the way, and 
 even auctioneers find that people bid more freely when some 
 sort of free lunch is offered them. 
 
 Is this appeal ever used to advantage in religious affairs? 
 Yes, indeed, and oftener perhaps than in business. The mod- 
 ern church must have its kitchen and pantry and the meetings 
 for sociable intercourse would be a dead failure without a 
 supper. 
 
 Where religious services are held all day, as they are in 
 some churches in Chicago on Saturdays, there is always 
 some sort of luncheon provided for those who remain over 
 from one meeting to another and it is observed that many 
 people attend both meetings for no other purpose than to 
 remain over and partake of the free lunch. There are even 
 those who say that something nice to eat plays a part in love 
 affairs. 
 
 The strange thing about it is that all of these people get 
 a plenty to eat at their own homes and yet are easily 
 tempted to attend any sort of gathering at which they can 
 get a little more. They cannot resist a doughnut and a cup 
 of coffee even if they have a few moments earlier eaten a full 
 meal of corned beef and cabbage and mince pie. They are 
 never too full for any sort of food or drink that happens 
 to be offered free between meals. 
 
 It would be well if this were the worst that could be 
 said about this gluttonous habit, but it is not. The worst 
 thing about it is that it is gratified with a perfect contempt 
 for the rules of health. There is no better way for a strong 
 
 50 
 
Pseudo-Scientific Instruction. 
 
 and hearty man to- break down his health than to eat and 
 drink between meals and particularly between his evening 
 meal and bedtime. Indeed few people would ever do such 
 a thing in their own homes or at their own expense, but 
 when they can do it at an entertainment they never fail 
 to improve the opportunity. 
 
 One would suppose that if every one else were guilty of 
 such self-destruction Christian people would condemn and 
 avoid it, but they are sinners above all others. It seems to 
 be an indispensable part of orthodox religion to attend church 
 sociables and receptions in the evening and supplement a 6 
 o'clock dinner with fruit cake, pie, oyster soup and coffee, 
 so that the dreams after retiring will rival all the pictures of 
 rarebit experiences which fill some of the newspapers. 
 
 (July, 1906.) 
 That Pseudo-Scientific Temperance Instruction. 
 
 The talk of people not wanting to "drink alcohol" 
 calls to mind the pseudo-"scientific temperance instruc- 
 tion" in our public schools, where it is taught, among 
 other "legalized lies," that because a piece of dead 
 meat dropped into absolute alcohol shrivels up and is 
 discolored, therefore the human stomach is similarly 
 |j affected by the use of alcoholic drink. Of course the 
 difference between live tissue and dead meat, between 
 a drink containing, among other constituents, 3^2 per 
 cent of alcohol, on the one hand, and absolute alcohol, 
 on the other hand, is shrewdly slurred over or sup- 
 pressed. And by such wilful misrepresentation and 
 deceit is the youthful mind demoralized. 
 
 This matter of the training of the youthful mind to 
 intemperance, deceit, sneakiness and contempt for 
 authority and science, which is brought about by this 
 mis-called "scientific temperance instruction," is in a 
 fair way of receiving an airing. Chicago, less hampered 
 by tradition than many older places, bids fair to be the 
 storm center in this case. 
 
 The School Management Committee of the Board 
 51 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 of Education of Chicago at a recent session decided to 
 throw out two text books on physiology which had been 
 used in the schools. In the course of .the discussion a 
 member of the Board, who is a physician, said that 
 some of the assertions made in the text books are 
 "pure idiocy," and that any physician who would en- 
 dorse the material found in these alleged instructive 
 books should be committed to an insane asylum. The 
 same member also made this statement "everyone 
 knows the book on intoxicants was fixed up and then 
 certain interests went to the legislature and had the 
 law passed." The superintendent of schools, while 
 urging the members of the committee not to disobey 
 the law, stated that he considered it a foolish law. 
 
 The discussion of these text books came in the course 
 of a general inquiry into the manner in which text 
 books are selected, the object being to discover whether 
 there were any sinister influence at work. There were 
 intimations of "graft." 
 
 The Growler has heard such intimations in con- 
 nection with these text books on physiology which are 
 endorsed by the W. C. T. U., but for lack of proof has 
 not wished to go into that matter. Anyway it is 
 quite unnecessary for our purpose. It matters not 
 whether "graft" has anything to do with the introduc- 
 tion of these books, and, if so, whether the parties en- 
 dorsing these books share in the spoils, or not. It 
 is quite sufficient for us to know that the stuff which 
 they endorse is rank nonsense. It is also quite sufficient 
 to know that the attention of the responsible persons 
 in the so-called "department of scientific temperance 
 instruction" of the W. C. T. U. has been called by 
 the most eminent authority in America to the fact that 
 untruthful statements are contained in their endorsed 
 text books, and that notwithstanding this knowledge 
 
 52 
 
Tart Observations. 
 
 on their part of the untruthfulness of the statements 
 they have continued to endorse and support them. 
 
 Their course in these matters is frequently excused 
 in view of the good intentions with which they are 
 credited. I must be permitted to question the good 
 intentions on the part of persons who deliberately and 
 knowingly vitiate the minds of the growing generation 
 by the instillation of known falsehoods. 
 
 Some Tart Observations on this "Fake" Scientific 
 Teaching. 
 
 While on this subject, and not with any idea of 
 bringing out anything new, but simply for the purpose 
 of calling to mind some of the features of this dis- 
 reputable business, it might be well to refer to that 
 part of the report of the Committee of Fifty on "The 
 Physiological Aspects of the Liquor Problem" which 
 deals with instruction on the physiological action of 
 alcohol. It is characteristic, perhaps, that, with one 
 single exception, there has not been found any physiol- 
 ogist or physician, even among the most radical ad- 
 vocates of total abstinence, in Europe, that has ever 
 unreservedly endorsed the educational methods adopted 
 in America. Even Forel, the most rabid and fanatical, 
 says: "I think that in America somewhat unwise 
 methods have been adopted." 
 
 Dr. H. P. Bowditch, of the Harvard Medical School, 
 and Dr. C. F. Hodge, of Clarke University, who wrote 
 this part of the report, have something to say of the 
 methods and motives of the "department of scientific 
 temperance instruction." Information as to the 
 method of approving and endorsing these text books 
 was, upon request, not given. The two doctors also 
 said that this idea of text book instruction "has had 
 behind it the powerful influence of the text book pub- 
 lishing firms throughout the country." They quote 
 
 S3 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 from one of the publications of the W. C. T. U. that 
 it is the object to teach "only physiology enough to 
 make the hygiene of temperance and other laws of 
 health intelligible," and that temperance should be the 
 chief topic and occupy at least one-fourth the space in 
 the text books. The report further says : "the tempta- 
 tion has been irresistible to either manufacture evidence 
 or stretch it over points that it does not cover/ 7 The 
 two doctors intimate very broadly that the persons 
 who are referred to as authority by the "department 
 of scientific temperance instruction" are not recognized 
 by men of science as authority on this question. They 
 note a remarkable "disadjustment between this public 
 school education and that in our colleges, universities 
 and medical schools." Also that "an attempt is being 
 deliberately made to deceive them (the children) for 
 a special, supposedly moral, purpose." Another quota- 
 tion, which is somewhat vigorous, reads as follows : 
 "The books, especially those intended for the lower 
 grades, fairly bristle with statements of a character 
 to work upon the fears of the reader, and remind one 
 in this respect of patent medicine advertisements." 
 
 It is well known that such statements as are required 
 in these school physiologies in order to be approved 
 and endorsed by the W. C. T. U., are statements 
 which no scientific man who is honest with himself 
 and has any regard for his reputation, could possibly 
 write. The only case quoted, of a professional physiol- 
 ogist of standing who wrote one of these text books, 
 shows clearly that this man in his text book for the 
 schools flatly contradicts a text book which he wrote 
 for medical students, and that his statement in the 
 school physiology is a disingenuous evasion of the real 
 question and, so far as its necessary effect upon the 
 mind of the child is concerned, a deliberate misrep- 
 resentation. 
 
 54 
 
Moral Stand of the Brewers. 
 
 It would be easy to go on quoting things of this 
 ind, to show how the fanatics have deliberately mis- 
 epresented certain leading physiologists, as Dr. Chit- 
 enden, of Yale, and Dr. Hodge, of Clarke, and also 
 o go into the statements made by school teachers as 
 o the utter futility and, in fact, pernicious character 
 f this sort of misinstruction. However, the above quo- 
 ations are sufficient for the present purpose. The con- 
 clusion of the writers of the report for the Committee 
 of Fifty is summed up in the sentence: "It is thus 
 ipparent that under the name of scientific temperance 
 nstruction there has been grafted upon the public 
 school system of nearly all our states an educational 
 scheme relating to alcohol which is neither scientific 
 nor temperate nor instructive/' as Voltaire said in his 
 day that the Holy Roman Empire finally ceased to be 
 either holy, or Roman, or an empire. 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 county to take every precaution to so conduct their busi- 
 ness as to leave no ground for complaint. 
 
 "We believe that if the saloon keepers themselves will take 
 steps to correct the abuses upon which most of the com- 
 plaints have been founded, that complaints will cease, the 
 public agitation be quieted and the saloon keepers left alone 
 to pursue their business undisturbed by the agitations spread- 
 ing over the state. To this end we seriously urge: 
 
 "i. That all saloon keepers take extra pains and precau- 
 tions to conduct their business in a quiet and orderly man- 
 ner and to allow no disturbance within, or congregating 
 without their places. 
 
 "2. That they keep their places darkened on Sundays, 
 with blinds down and front doors closed; that bowling al- 
 leys, pool tables and other games of amusement be suspended 
 on that day; that the operation of phonographs and the 
 playing of all musical instruments be suspended, that no 
 congregating on sidewalks or about saloons, sitting on water 
 . troughs, chairs or benches in front of or about saloons be 
 permitted ; that all blinds be so drawn as to prevent light 
 within from being seen from without; that loud conversa- 
 tion or boisterous conduct be prevented, and that everything 
 be done to convince the authorities and the public in gen- 
 eral that the law is being practically complied with. 
 
 "Unless the foregoing directions are followed by the sa- 
 loon keepers of this city and county, we are firmly convinced 
 that the Sunday closing law will be enforced. We hope you 
 will follow the warning we herein give." 
 
 This letter was accompanied by a personal note 
 emphasizing that the letter is not a mere matter of 
 form but means what it says, and intimating that the 
 brewers fully intend to enforce it by employing such 
 means as may be at their disposal, as withholding sup- 
 plies of beer, etc. 
 
 This action is to be commended. It shows that 
 sounder views are gradually spreading among the 
 brewers and that the old policies are beginning to be 
 left behind. Competition run mad is at the bottom of 
 some of the glaring evils that attach to the retail busi- 
 
 56 
 
Causes of Brewers' Reform. 
 
 ness. Competition properly restrained and regulated 
 will have to take its place. , 
 
 It is charged by the enemies of the trade that the 
 brewers are taking such steps as these not from any 
 ligh moral motive but merely from considerations of 
 gain, to escape unfavorable legislation, to prevent the 
 enforcement of obnoxious laws, or to pacify public 
 opinion against the saloon business. This objection is 
 frequently heard, and it is stated that the brewers did 
 not act until they felt the knife at their throats, and 
 that such death-bed repentance does not count for 
 Imuch. 
 
 The point is well worth discussing. No doubt there 
 is some truth in the reflection that if the brewers had 
 called a halt earlier, and before certain evil excres- 
 cences of the saloon business had reached a degree of 
 flagrant offensiveness, the moral affect of their action 
 would have been greater. But such action would hardly 
 be in consonance with the usual course of reform in 
 matters of business. Nor have we far to go in search 
 of analogies. Who thought of reform in the manage- 
 ment of the life insurance business until the actions of 
 the managers of these great corporations became so 
 foul that the stench of them reached the heavens and 
 floated over the land? Who suggested reform in the 
 meat packing business, until those in charge allowed 
 it to become so rotten that when the lid was taken off 
 it turned the stomachs of the people, both physically 
 and morally? Who proposed a curb on the rapacity 
 of the predatory corporations of the type popularly 
 and vaguely described as trusts, until their practices 
 became intolerable ? And if they reformed without ex- 
 ternal compulsion, was it from an awakening of moral 
 consciousness or rather from considerations of business 
 policy ? 
 
 57 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 So, I say, while the brewers might have made them- 
 selves moral heroes by starting reforms before busi- 
 ness considerations compelled them, it was hardly in 
 human nature to expect such an exhibition of moral 
 sensitiveness and courage. They have been, in that re- 
 spect, no better and no worse than most of our busi- 
 nessmen. 
 
 And yet, it seems to me, they are better than the 
 majority of businessmen. It has occurred to me that 
 the course of action which the brewers are pursuing 
 with respect to driving out disorderly saloons and 
 compelling their customers to adhere strictly not only 
 to the law of the land but to the unwritten law of 
 respectability, is something that few, if any, other busi- 
 nessmen would have the moral sensitiveness and 
 stamina to undertake. 
 
 The brewer is in business to make money, like other 
 businessmen. When he has sold his goods his con- 
 nection with them ends. He surely cannot, equitably 
 or morally, be held accountable for what the purchaser 
 may do with the goods. If I were to go to a dry 
 goods house in Chicago today and say to the manager : 
 "You are selling goods to Mrs. Jones. Do you know 
 that siie makes dresses for the women of the half- 
 world? You ought to stop selling her any more 
 goods ! " how would I be received ? If the manager 
 was a good-natured man he would laugh; if he was 
 grouchy, he would ask me to shut the door from the 
 other side. Yet that is what the brewer is doing. He 
 follows his goods after they have reached the pur- 
 chaser, and he assumes to control the purchaser's use 
 of them. Surely, he is going far beyond what any other 
 businessman would consider his duty. 
 
 So, the brewer is in reality assuming a moral re- 
 sponsibility far beyond his business or legal responsibil- 
 
 58 
 

 Temperance the Supreme Virtue. 
 
 ity, far beyond what any other businessmen would do. 
 Of course, if he is himself, nominally or actually, the 
 owner of the retail stand, it is no more than proper that 
 he should extend his influence to the control of the re- 
 tail sale and the conduct of the stand. But he goes 
 farther. He seeks to keep in check those saloonkeepers 
 who are under his legal control, cutting down his own 
 sales and reducing his income. 
 
 This, it seems to me, involves a degree of moral 
 courage which is unapproached in the business world 
 I anywhere. 
 
 Now, I do not want any brewer to take this as a 
 hint to drop this method of purifying the retail trade. 
 Quite the contrary! I want to pat him on the back 
 and compliment him on his course. Keep on, weed 
 out the disorderly places, use all your means to compel 
 your customers to comply with the law and to give 
 no offense to the public. A good beginning has been 
 made. Let the work spread all over the country until 
 the improper drnking place is become a thing of the 
 past. 
 
 (September, 1906.) 
 
 The Supreme Virtue is Temperance. 
 
 It were time the brewers began to understand more 
 clearly and generally the advisability of "getting to 
 the people/' and seeking to promote that general ten- 
 dency towards intelligent, wholesome living, which is 
 characteristic of our age and is chiefly lacking in one 
 particular, viz., in understanding that, far and away 
 above all question of quality and chemical constitution 
 of food and drink, there is the overshadowing im- 
 portance of the supreme virtue of all temperance. It 
 matters comparatively little what we eat. The main 
 point is how we eat, and here the main point again 
 is moderate quantity. 
 
 59 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 Some time ago one of the anti-alcoholist papers de- 
 nounced my "Talks on Beer and Temperance" and 
 my insistence upon the manner of eating, thorough 
 mastication, comfort and enjoyment about a meal, as 
 essential to health, and the failure to observe these 
 points with the consequent digestive and nervous 
 troubles as a far more prolific source of crime, poverty, 
 insanity and domestic infelicity, than is drink, by call- 
 ing these utterances pleasantries intended to divert 
 people from the issue of anti-alcoholism. 
 
 Here are two items from daily papers that bear some- 
 what in the same direction as my remarks. One pap 
 says: 
 
 Bad cooking was held responsible for much of the drunk- 
 enness in the country, and wives were urged to attend cook- 
 ing schools in order to avoid driving their husbands to drink 
 by their culinary experiments, in an address by Dr. J. J. 
 McLaughlin, of Chicago, before the annual convention of the 
 Catholic Total Abstinence Union of Illinois. 
 
 "I believe that bad cooking brings to men the desire for 
 alcohol and other stimulants when otherwise they would 
 not feel the craving for them," said Dr. McLaughlin. 'Many 
 a man has been driven to drink by the doughy bread and 
 soggy backwheat cakes set before him daily by his better 
 half.' Recently a movement has been started to establish 
 popular cooking schools. Let us further the movement by 
 getting the women interested, for it is certain they will be 
 popular with the men. Many a crime has been committed 
 by the victim of cold coffee and burned beefsteak." 
 
 This is from the Chicago Record-Herald: 
 
 "No girl should marry a man with the quick lunch habit, 
 for their life is sure to be unhappy. 
 
 "The barbarism of a South Sea islander can't be com- 
 pared with the hurry-up idea some people have in restau- 
 rants." 
 
 Secretary E. R. Pritchard of the city health department 
 thus observed yesterday, and reached his conclusions by this 
 system of deduction : 
 
 "The quick lunch habit causes indigestion, indigestion en- 
 60 
 
Increased Beer Consumption. 
 
 genders ill nature, ill nature makes a man miserable and 
 some one has to suffer for it, then he scolds his wife. 
 
 "I am not talking about the food that is served," Mr. Prit- 
 chard added. "That is usually good and clean. But it is 
 the rush and the haste with which a man eats a quick lunch 
 that does the business. 
 
 "The places where quick lunches are served are responsi- 
 ble for more divorces, wrecked homes, and domestic trouble 
 than anything else. When a man scolds his wife and finds 
 fault at home it nearly always can be laid to the door of the 
 quick lunch restaurant. 
 
 "We think we are civilized, but the way people eat at the 
 lunch counters is worse than barbarous. A savage wouldn't 
 think of mistreating himself that way. A man rushes into a 
 restaurant at noon. He sees a man who is finishing a lunch, 
 and darts behind his chair, so that he can slide into a seat. 
 Then he mumbles his order, pushes the food into his mouth, 
 and swallows it as if he were trying to break a record. It 
 is no wonder that men who eat at quick lunch counters 
 scold their wives." 
 
 Perhaps the Catholic Total Abstinence Union and 
 the Chicago Health Department are also in this con- 
 spiracy to create a diversion from the question of anti- 
 alcoholism ! 
 
 Increase in Beer Consumption Consistent with 
 Temperance Sentiment, says Anti- 
 Saloon League. 
 
 The brewers are not alone in the belief that the 
 increase in beer consumption implies greater temper- 
 ance. Even some of the Mark Tapleys of the Anti- 
 Saloon League agree with this sentiment, nolens volens. 
 Said Supt. Williamson of the Anti-Saloon League in 
 Cleveland, according to the Plain-Dealer: 
 
 There is a steady decrease in the consumption of spirit- 
 uous liquors, such as brandy, whisky and wine, and a tend- 
 ency to drink more malt liquors, such as beer. The decrease 
 is doubtless as marked in the one as is the increase in 
 the other. 
 
 61 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 Then, after intimating that immigration and the 
 increase in population had something to do with the 
 matter, he said : 
 
 "Never before has temperance sentiment had such a strong 
 grip on the people. Saloons by dozens are going out of bus- 
 iness daily in various parts of this and other states. Tem- 
 perance legislation is being passed by every state, and every 
 year the sentiment that the liquor traffic must be curtailed 
 or banished is steadily on the increase. I do* not think that 
 there is any cause for worry even if the beer consumption 
 has jumped in the past year." 
 
 Hey, diddle, diddle, the cats and the fiddle! So, 
 temperance sentiment never before has had such a 
 strong grip on the people, and hence they drank 5,200,- 
 ooo barrels of beer more than the year before! 
 
 That from the Anti-Saloon League! What more 
 does the brewer want ? 
 
 The Milwaukee Free Press quotes the Rev. Mr. 
 Henry Colman, trustee of the Anti-Saloon League, 
 with a similar statement, in connection with this in- 
 crease of beer consumption that "the temperance senti- 
 ment is increasing all the time." Here the immigrant 
 and the wealthy classes are made to consume the 
 additional beer while "among the middle and laboring 
 classes however the temperance sentiment is constantly 
 growing." Is it necessary to point out the reverend 
 gentleman's fine logic? 
 
 In the light of the past year's results it becomes in- 
 telligible why the Ohio prohibitionists are so violently 
 denouncing the Anti-Saloon League. Well, if the 
 prohibitionists and the churches cast them off, perhaps 
 the brewers might hire them to keep on agitating, if 
 they will undertake to make it another five million 
 barrels for the new fiscal year. 
 
 For the benefit of anti-alcoholist editors, I will say 
 here plainly: "This is a joke." Anti-alcoholist writ- 
 ing seems to dull the sense of humor. I have had anti- 
 
 62 
 
Overfeeding and Drink. 
 
 alcoholist papers take some of my stuff and treat it 
 seriously when the satire was so plain that, as they 
 used to say, if it had been a snake it would have bitten 
 
 you. 
 
 (October i, 1906.) 
 
 The Use of Alcoholic Drink in Connection with 
 Over-feeding. 
 
 It is peculiar to notice how difficult it is even for 
 supposedly disinterested inquirers into the drink ques- 
 tion to disencumber themselves completely of the pre- 
 vailing prejudice and to approach the problem with 
 perfectly open minds. The Growler believes that the 
 gentlemen who made the investigations for the so- 
 called Committee of Fifty approached the subject with 
 an honest intention to discover the truth, but there are 
 numerous instances in which it crops out plainly that 
 they still remain to a certain extent under the in- 
 fluence of that hostile attitude of mind which has been 
 engendered by the misrepresentations of the anti-alco- 
 holists. 
 
 The volume on the Physiological Aspects of the 
 Liquor Problem, edited by Dr. John S. Billings and 
 containing investigations by and under the direction 
 of such eminent scientists as W. O. Atwater, H. P. 
 Bowditch, R. H. Chittenden and W. H. Welch, con- 
 tains a lengthy contribution on the Pharmalogical Ac- 
 tion of Ethyl Alcohol by Dr. John J. Abel. 
 
 A chapter referring to "the action of alcohol on 
 muscular activity/' states the problem in the following 
 terms : 
 
 In considering the relation of alcohol to physical labor a 
 number of questions present themselves for solution. 
 
 Does it enable an individual whose food supply is suffi- 
 cient for his needs to do more work? Does it enable the 
 tired person to put forth new exertions? And if so>, is it 
 superior in this respect to tea, sugar, or other easily assim- 
 
 63 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much:' 
 
 liable food products? Does the fact that alcohol is oxidized 
 in the body, and that it therefore yields energy, make it a 
 practicable food and store of energy for the muscles? Or is 
 its utilization in this particular annulled by its psychic action, 
 by its action in dilating the blood vessels of the body sur- 
 face, etc.? 
 
 > f If Dr. Abel were going to investigate the value of 
 eefsteak as a food, would he take a person and give 
 him his full quota of other food and then make him 
 eat a quantity of beefsteak on top of it, in order to 
 discover how that beefsteak would affect the subject? 
 Would it not be a foregone conclusion that in that 
 case there would be an excess of food taken into the 
 system, and that that fact alone would be bound to I 
 produce injurious effects which in that case would 
 probably be ascribed to the beefsteak although as a mat- 
 ter of fact the beefsteak as such had nothing to do with 
 it, but the trouble was due merely to the excessive 
 quantity of food. 
 
 How, then, is it possible to arrive at results of any 
 value in regard to the action of alcohol if the inquiry 
 is started with this question "Does it enable an in- 
 dividual whose food supply is sufficient for his needs 
 to do more work?" 
 
 Any physiologist would answer in advance that it 
 would not, that, on the contrary, it would reduce the 
 individual capacity for work. Not, however, because 
 it is alcohol, but simply because it is given on top 
 of a sufficient food supply, and therefore creates an 
 excessive supply of food which would constitute an 
 improper burden upon the system. This reminds me 
 of some remarks made by Dr. A. J. Starke in Die 
 Berechtigung des Alcoholgemisses. He says: 
 
 A man who "lives well" generally, although he 
 
 might not have been a drinking man, nevertheless, in addi- 
 tion to all other things which should not be forgotten al- 
 so indulges in good alcoholic beverages. 
 
 64 
 

 Myths about Sunday Closing. 
 
 I will go further. I do not deny that in the ailments of 
 those who for years have "lived well," the alcoholic bev- 
 erages play a certain part. 
 
 And yet the connection is quite different from the case of 
 the drunkard. It is not a case of any "specific action" of 
 the alcoholic beverage, but it is merely a" question of over T 
 feeding, and for those ailments every substance, that ; 
 taken and which contains nourishment is to blame, inc 
 ing the alcoholic beverages in so far as they contain nov 
 ishment. 
 
 The alcoholic beverages all contain nourishment for the 
 reason alone that they contain alcohol which is a nutritive 
 
 substance And just because alcoholic beverages 
 
 are not merely relishes, but also foods beer being quite a 
 substantial food they will, like all nutritive matter without 
 exception, contribute to over-feeding where such takes place 
 in view of the whole mode of living of the individual. 
 
 A necessary consequence of these facts is, not that 
 
 these beverages should be avoided, but that their nutritive 
 strength should be taken into account and allowed for in the 
 d?.ily ration of food. If a man drinks a certain amount of 
 beer a day he should diminish the quantity of other foods 
 
 accordingly In that way the total daily quantity of 
 
 nutritive matter can be kept within the limits necessary for 
 health. 
 
 He who likes a glass of wine, beer, or cordial, need not 
 worry on that account, but he should allow for the nutritive 
 value of these beverages, just as in a course dinner we should 
 not satisfy our hunger with the first course, but allow for 
 the nutritive matter to be supplied by the following courses. 
 
 Diminution of Crime by Sunday Closing a Myth. 
 
 The Missouri State Republican says that official statistics 
 from the state auditor of Missouri show that the enforce- 
 ment of the Sunday closing law did not reduce crime in 
 the largest saloon center of the state St. Louis, under di- 
 rect supervision of the Folk police board. The following is 
 the official 'record, according to State Auditor Wilder: Crim- 
 inal costs, St. Louis city, for 1904, $40,015.25; for 1905, $59,- 
 695.10. 
 
 The year 1904 was world's fair year, when the population 
 was away above normal in St. Louis and when crime natur- 
 ally was more than normal, so that when crime in 1905 ex- 
 
 65 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 ceeded that of the world's fair year, it broke all records. 
 The "lid" was not on in 1904; it was on in 1905. As is well 
 known, St. Louis has more than one-half of all the saloons 
 of the state. A glance at the crime record of 1904 and 1905 
 for St. Louis, before and after the Sunday law was enforced, 
 does not prove the truth of Governor Folk's assertion that 
 "prohibition" on Sunday decreases crime. Crime has in- 
 creased, under the "lid*' policy, or the official state record 
 lies. Kansas City, Mo., Journal. 
 
 This brings to mind some of the testimony which 
 was given by Mrs. Fernande Richter, of St. Louis, 
 last session before the Committee on the Judiciary of 
 the House of Representatives of the 59th Congress 
 during the hearing on the so called Hepburn bill which 
 aimed to place liquor in interstate commerce under 
 the jurisdiction of a state as soon as it entered that 
 state and before delivery to the consignee. 
 
 In the course of the address to the Committee, Mrs. 
 Richter said in regard to conditions in St. Louis : 
 
 It has been represented that a convenient or subservient 
 police record showed that crimes were lessened through the 
 enforcement of the Sunday law. They indicated a smaller 
 Monday docket, but they did not explain why the docket 
 on Tuesdays was so much larger. And the statistics of our 
 hospitals show an increase of .cases of alcoholism by 100 per 
 cent and more. People will get a bottle of whisky more eas- 
 ily than a can of beer. Yet this is only the result of the 
 closed Sunday. We see the glaring effects of prohibition in 
 the conditions that prevail in the prohibition States and in 
 the disgusting results that followed the abolition of the can- 
 teen. 
 
 After Mrs. Richter got through the following 
 dialogue ensued: 
 
 Mr. Alexander : Madam, you spoke of the police court 
 calendar being larger on Tuesday morning than on Monday 
 morning, now that the Sunday-closing law in St. Louis is 
 enforced ? 
 
 Mrs. Richter: Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Alexander : Why is that ? 
 
 Mrs. Richter: They are held for the chief on Mondays 
 66 
 
Unfair Treatment. 
 
 and put on the outside docket, so that they lessen the Mon- 
 day docket, and they can say: "Oh the Monday docket! We 
 do not have so many prisoners on Sunday." 
 
 Mr. Alexander: Then it is a trick? 
 
 Mrs. Richter: Yes, sir, it is a plain trick .(Laughter.) 
 
 Thus another of the soap bubbles with which the 
 anti-alcoholist seeks to entertain the people, has burst, 
 and the arguments that have been based upon the 
 alleged diminution of crime in consequence of the 
 Sunday closing of saloons must go for naught. 
 
 (December i, 1906.) 
 
 Incapacity to Approach the Question of Alcoholic 
 Drink Fairly. 
 
 The brewers of Peoria, 111., are supporting a move- 
 ment to limit the number of saloons in that city to one 
 for every 500 of population. A writer in the Peoria 
 Journal says on this subject: 
 
 I am under the impression that there is something of an 
 African nature in that proposed ordinance for limiting the 
 number of saloons. I believe that they should be limited, but 
 when I see the move coming from the particular direction 
 that it does, the old saying in regard to distrusting Greeks, 
 who bear gifts comes to my mind. If it had been proposed 
 by someone who was an enemy to saloons, I should have 
 thought it was all right, but when it is championed by the 
 brewers, who are animated by an honest desire to sell as 
 much beer as possible well, it looks queer to say the least. 
 
 One of the most striking illustrations of the utter 
 incapacity of the average man to deal with the question 
 of alcoholic drink in a rational manner is this preju- 
 dice which makes him take everything for granted 
 against the liquor traffic. 
 
 According to the reasoning of the Peoria Journal 
 man, if you want a job of carpentering done you should 
 avoid the carpenter and go to a tailor, and if you 
 want medical advice you ought to shun the physician 
 
 67 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much:' 
 
 and go to a hod-carrier. It is true, the carpenter might 
 know more about carpentering than the tailor, and 
 the physician might know more about medicine than 
 the hod-carrier. But they must not be trusted. They 
 make their living out of their vocations and therefore 
 cannot be trusted to exercise them in the interest of 
 their patrons or clients. 
 
 If a move to regulate medical. practitioners was pro- 
 posed by people who believe in faith cure, our Peoria 
 Journal man would have confidence in the move be- 
 cause the faith cure people are enemies of the phy- 
 sicians, but if it emanated from the medical profession, 
 it must be condemned. If the structural iron mills 
 proposed to restrict the carpentering trade it would 
 be a very engaging proposition, for the structural iron 
 men are opposed to the carpenter who works in wood. 
 But if the carpenters should propose regulation of their 
 own trade beware ! There is an "African" in the 
 woodpile ! 
 
 In other words, this man fully indorses the policy 
 which has been the curse of liquor legislation in this 
 country, viz., to put it in the hands of enemies, who 
 are prejudiced against alcoholic drink, and legislators 
 who are ignorant of the drink question. 
 
 While such an insane policy lasts, it is of course, im- 
 possible to arrive at any rational settlement of this 
 troublesome matter. If people would handle the ques- 
 tion as other questions are handled, i. e., investigate 
 first and with open minds, and judge afterwards, in- 
 stead of judging first and hunting for justification 
 of their judgments afterwards, there would be hope 
 of sane legislation. 
 
 Not that the Growler cares much what the Peoria 
 Journal thinks. He refers to the matter here as being 
 symptomatic of the attitude of mind of the general 
 
 public. 
 
 68 
 
False Moral Atmosphere. 
 
 The False Moral Atmosphere that Befogs the 
 Popular Mind. 
 
 And this brings up my old hobby. The great dif- 
 ficulty in dealing with this drink question is the false, 
 artificial moral atmosphere, which causes the average 
 man to feel that the use of alcoholic drink is some- 
 thing not altogether proper and commendable, but 
 rather in the nature of an indulgence of the flesh 
 which is not consistent with the highest moral stand- 
 ards. 
 
 This false moral atmosphere which befogs the aver- 
 age mind is the foundation of the incapacity of most 
 men to approach the drink question in a spirit of fair- 
 ness, and it is at this point, therefore, that those who 
 understand the question should begin work. 
 
 My own case may furnish an illustration. After 
 becoming connected with this publication, I naturally 
 studied the alcohol question. If I talk with any one 
 about it, unless he knows me very well and therefore 
 knows that business considerations do not influence my 
 opinions in matters of science, he will naturally dis- 
 count my views by thinking : "Oh, well, it's his busi- 
 ness." But if an anti-alcoholist talks to him, he is 
 under the impression that he is listening to a disin- 
 terested person who is working for the common good 
 as a matter of principle and on high moral ground. 
 
 This, I say, is the impression the average man gets, 
 and that is one reason why the anti-alcoholist can make 
 his dreams carry the way he does. And yet, every 
 student of the question knows perfectly well that the 
 anti-alcoholist side of the matter consists of gross 
 exaggerations, one-sided observations, and unfortunate- 
 ly a not too scant sprinkling of well, what did the 
 eminent physiologists call it? Oh, yes, of yielding to 
 the temptation to either manufacture evidence or 
 
 69 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 stretch it over points that it does not cover. There is 
 a good, simple, plain and strong word of three letters 
 that answers this description. 
 
 The Anti-Alcoholist is a Defective. 
 
 However, it should be impressed upon the people 
 that the assumed moral superiority of the anti-alco- 
 holist is a myth. His garment of pretended sanctity 
 should be rent and the naked weakness of the fanatic 
 exposed. I have no quarrel with the person who 
 simply chooses not to drink alcoholic beverages. It 
 may be, and no doubt very frequently is, the case that 
 he makes a great mistake, that a little alcoholic drink 
 would be a decided benefit to him, especially where tea 
 and coffee are largely used. But there are people who 
 are very sensitive to alcoholic influences, without being 
 defectives outright. They had best leave alcohol alone. 
 
 There are also those who cannot take it in modera- 
 tion. They had better leave it alone, although here 
 it is better to try to induce them to live temperately 
 in other respects. The person who is intemperate in 
 the use of alcohol is generally intemperate in other 
 things. Make him, if you can, eat temperately and 
 rationally, and temperance in drink will in most cases, 
 follow naturally. 
 
 Still, all this is a little aside from the present ques- 
 tion. The person who should be exposed is the one 
 who is not satisfied to bear his own misfortune, his 
 own defective or inferior nature which places him 
 without the ranks of normal men who can eat and 
 drink what they like in moderation and be healthy and 
 enjoy living without fear of excess and consequent 
 injury to themselves. People should understand that, 
 far from indicating a superior moral status, the aver- 
 sion to alcohol is a symptom of physical, moral or 
 mental defectiveness, an inferior, sub-normal nature, 
 
 70 
 
Inferiority of the "Antis." 
 
 not so far out of the normal as to be classed as decid- 
 edly diseased, or degenerate, but nevertheless far 
 enough out of the road of health to be called morbid. 
 One of those who wrote to the scientists who did the 
 work for the Committee of Fifty writes : "Abstinence 
 from fear of excess, argues a defective moral power 
 which should be educated, or else of bodily disease; 
 abstinence from lack of enjoyment, shows defective 
 development of capacity to enjoy." The cowardly 
 way of the ascetic, who fled to the wilderness because 
 he was too weak to live temperately among his fellows, 
 was wont to give him the odor of sanctity. In an en- 
 lightened age such a view is only a survival from a 
 lower culture which should be put away in a museum 
 of psychological archaeology, as showing an interest- 
 ing phase through which the human mind had to pass 
 before emerging into the light of the present culture. 
 
 The militant anti-alcoholist is he who is not satis- 
 fied to bear his own burden of physical or mental de- 
 fectiveness or inferiority, but must needs insist that 
 normal, healthy beings shall accommodate themselves 
 to his standard. This is a demand that a healthy na- 
 ture will turn away mildly, and with a feeling of pity 
 for the poor fellow who makes it, but if repeated and 
 insisted upon, he will spurn it with contempt. 
 
 Such arguments as that of the Peoria Journal writer 
 would be impossible if a wholesome moral atmosphere 
 prevailed instead of the mists of misinformation and 
 unfounded prejudice that overhang this question. To 
 disperse this mist by sound teaching as to wholesome 
 living, and relegating the alcohol question to a place 
 commensurate with its comparative insignificance by 
 the side of other branches of this all important sub- 
 ject, must be the primary object of those upon whom, 
 owing to their trade interests, naturally falls the burden 
 of carrying on this campaign. 
 
 71 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much" 
 
 (February, 1907.) 
 
 The "Fake" Local Option Bill of the Anti-Saloon 
 League. 
 
 The crop of bills dealing with the liquor question 
 seems to be uncommonly big the present legislative 
 season. From all the States bills are reported by the 
 score. If all these bills were to be read and considered, 
 there would be no time for anything else. It is not 
 likely that many will be seriously considered, as the 
 majority are the product of ignorant and frequently 
 fanatical minds wholly incapable of grasping the fund- 
 amentals of this complicated matter. But even so, 
 there will be enough left to give the respective com- 
 mittees of the legislatures plenty of work. 
 
 So-called local option bills are to the fore every- 
 where. In most cases they represent the efforts of the 
 Anti-Saloon League and are gotten up with the in- 
 sincerity characteristic of the productions of that or- 
 ganization. The bill introduced in Illinois is a sample. 
 It masquerades under the captivating title of a local 
 option bill. 
 
 Local option in its proper sense is something that 
 is near to the American heart. It is, properly speak- 
 ing, nothing more than local self-government, and as 
 such appeals strongly to the mind of the average voter 
 as well as legislator. A genuine local option bill 
 would, therefore, have little opposition on the part of 
 the legislators or the voters. 
 
 But the bill fathered by the Anti-Saloon League is 
 not a local option bill, although it is called by that 
 name. Under that name, the League has enlisted the 
 sympathies of many well-meaning people; it has in- 
 duced many clergymen to advocate the bill in their 
 pulpits, it is arousing its followers to enthusiasm and 
 is influencing public opinion in favor of the bill with 
 
 72 
 
"Fake" Local Option. 
 
 a view of exerting pressure on the legislature. But 
 all this is done under false pretenses. 
 
 The bill of the Anti-Saloon League provides that if 
 a county votes to exclude saloons, this vote shall be 
 binding on every division of the county, regardless of 
 the sentiment in such division. If, however, the coun- 
 ty, as a whole, votes in favor of saloons, this vote is 
 not binding on the entire county and its divisions, but 
 only permits such divisions as have shown a majority 
 in favor of saloons, to vote again on the question. In 
 other words, it leaves them just as they were originally. 
 
 Genuine local option would mean that if the voters 
 vote for saloons they can have them, and if they vote 
 against them they shall not have them. 
 
 The "fake" local option bill of the Anti-Saloon 
 League, however, says to the voter: "You can vote 
 as you like. If you vote our way, you get what you 
 vote for. If you do not vote our way, you get noth- 
 ing." 
 
 That is the jug-handled proposition of the Anti- 
 Saloon League. It is a deliberate fraud upon the 
 people. 
 
 There can be no doubt if the people understand the 
 bill, they will not only oppose it, but will resent the 
 attempt of an organization which claims to work for 
 moral advancement, to juggle the law and deceive the 
 voters by a palpably false pretense. 
 
 Clergymen of the Fool Type, Women with Short 
 Hair, and Men with Long Hair. 
 
 The anti-alcoholists have been greatly shocked by 
 the fact that President Roosevelt sent a message of 
 sympathy to Adolphus Busch when the latter was taken 
 seriously ill a short time ago. Mr. Roosevelt and Mr. 
 Busch are personal friends, hence the message was 
 
 73 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much/' 
 
 perfectly natural. But the "antis" were shocked, never- 
 theless. No one must sympathize with a brewer. Even 
 when Mr. Busch donated $100,000 to the San Francisco 
 sufferers, the rabid "antis" said this was blood money, 
 tainted with the destroyed happiness and lives of thou- 
 sands of homes and individuals, and they impugned the 
 motives of the donor, who gave, in proportion to his 
 wealth, far more than Mr. Rockefeller. 
 
 It seems to the Growler, the "antis" ought to be 
 used to Mr. Roosevelt by this time, and ought no 
 longer to be shocked by anything he does or says. 
 They have had a number of "jolts" from the President. 
 For instance, the one in one of his letters to Mr. Bell- 
 amy Storer concerning the Archbishop Ireland inci- 
 dent, where Mr. Roosevelt wrote: 
 
 "For instance, there are any number of Methodist clergy- 
 men who are political prohibitionists and support the third 
 party and denounce the president because he will not en- 
 courage drunkenness in the army by putting down the can- 
 teen. It is a bad thing to have any clergyman of this fool 
 type promoted, but it would be a worse thing for the presi- 
 dent to try to interfere with his promotion." 
 
 The Growler has discussed the canteen question 
 repeatedly, but he never used quite as strong language 
 as Mr. Roosevelt. "Clergymen of this fool type," is 
 quite up to Mr. Roosevelt's reputation for "strenu- 
 osity." That is his opinion of the clergymen who 
 fight the army canteen and who denounce the Presi- 
 dent because he "will not encourage drunkenness in 
 the army by putting down the canteen." This is quite 
 a "pat" expression, too. 
 
 Putting down the canteen means encouraging drunk- 
 enness. 
 
 It is well known that such is the opinion of official 
 Washington and of practically every army officer. 
 
 When, oh when, will Congress summon enough 
 courage to act upon its conviction? 
 
 74 
 
Individual Temperament. 
 
 Will it continue forever to be influenced by the 
 "women with short hair and men with long hair?" 
 Dr. Emil G. Hirsch, the noted Chicago preacher and 
 scholar, used that expression recently. Speaking of 
 the government of our cities, he said: 
 
 We see our mistakes only in brief paroxysms of reform, 
 and then for reformers we get all sorts of cranks women 
 with short hair and men with long hair. And the whole 
 trouble is placed on the shoulders of the saloon and the 
 "foreign element." 
 
 Why are our municipalities colossal failures? That is 
 what they are. Why are our city governments the laughing 
 stock of Europe? It is because we are doing things at 
 random ! 
 
 And if there is anything that is done at random, it 
 is the treatment of the liquor traffic. 
 
 Alcoholic Drink and Individual Temperament. 
 
 The influence of alcoholic drink on the produc- 
 tion of literature is discussed in Das Liferarische Echo, 
 of Berlin, by 115 authors in reply to an inquiry as to 
 the extent to which their work is influenced by drink. 
 A majority declare they avoid alcoholic drink while at 
 work, but in their hours of recreation they enjoy wine 
 or beer. Outside of the direct effect on their work, 
 Adolph Wilbrandt, f. i., writes that wine and beer in- 
 crease the joy of living and intensify his emotions, 
 although he, too, does not drink before work. 
 
 The effect of alcoholic drink upon the human body 
 and mind is declared by physiologists to vary so widely 
 in accordance with the peculiarities of individuals that 
 statements of general validity can be made only with 
 the greatest caution. It is a singular thing that this 
 principle is not also observed more generally with re- 
 gard to the effect of alcoholic drink with reference to 
 temperament. The working powers of individuals dif- 
 fer widely with temperament. This is particularly true 
 
 75 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much:' 
 
 of all literary, artistic or general professional work 
 which calls for creative activity. Some people are 
 constantly bubbling over with ideas and have not the 
 slightest hesitancy in uttering them by word or pen. 
 Others, equally full of ideas, and perhaps often better 
 ones, are temperamentally disinclined to utter them or 
 commit them to paper. For the former, an artificial 
 stimulant may be injurious while working. For the 
 latter, it is a great boon to be helped over that timidity 
 which stands in the way of their giving themselves 
 out. This peculiar tempermental quality which we 
 call timidity and which modern educators, those who, 
 as Jerome K. Jerome says, belong to "the modern 
 poll-parrot school of philosophy," call "self-conscious- 
 ness," receives invaluable help from the artificial stim- 
 ulation of alcoholic drink. 
 
 The German language has a word to designate the 
 action of alcohol for which I find no English equiva- 
 lent. It is the word "auslosen," to loosen, to liberate, 
 to set free, or something like that. Alcoholic stimula- 
 tion sets free the ideas which crowd our minds. It 
 does not create them. It does not help accumulate 
 the knowledge on which they are based. But it loosens 
 the various elements, brings them together and thus 
 gives the impetus to the utterance of works of crea- 
 tion or imagination. And imagination is quite as much 
 a part of the work of the scientific or other profes- 
 sional man as of the artist or the writer. 
 
 Social Influence Much Stronger than the Law 
 
 Makes for Temperance Through Light 
 
 Fermented Drink. 
 
 An unusually able paper has been written by Lieut.- 
 Gen. Henry C. Corbin, U. S. A., and published in 
 the daily papers. It came to the editorial rooms of the 
 AMERICAN BREWERS' REVIEW from a paper published 
 
 76 
 
Social Influence for Temperance. 
 
 in Houston, Tex., but the name of the paper not being 
 on the clipping, proper credit could not be given when 
 the letter was reproduced in the January issue. 
 
 In the inanity and asininity which makes up by far 
 the greater part of all writings on the subject of al- 
 coholic drink, Gen. Corbin's paper is remarkable for 
 the breadth of treatment, the writer not being con- 
 fined, like most writers on this subject, within the nar- 
 row compass of army life, on the one hand, or prohi- 
 bition fanaticism on the other hand, but observing 
 the working of forces of a general social character, 
 "much stronger than the law," as he puts it, to which 
 he attributes the general advance of temperance. He 
 identifies the progress of temperance among men "in 
 all their habits" with the course of advancing civili- 
 zation. 
 
 This is very closely the attitude which the "Growl- 
 er" has taken for the last two years in these columns. 
 It is extremely gratifying to find a man of Gen. Cor- 
 bin's influential position arriving at similar conclu- 
 sions, especially when we consider the exceptional op- 
 portunities he has had for making observations in the 
 army, and the fact that he was formerly an enemy of 
 the "canteen." 
 
 (April i, 1907.) 
 
 What is Needed is More Law but fewer Laws. 
 
 The anti-alcoholist movement has entered upon an 
 interesting phase, which has been developing for the 
 last two or three years, and has now reached a point 
 where its tendencies can be apprehended with consid- 
 erable clearness. Briefly, there is a decline of prohibi- 
 tion, but an increase of sentiment against the saloon. 
 It is not necessary at this time to prove this assertion, 
 as the facts are quite plain. 
 
 The conclusion from this state of affairs is that the 
 77 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 American people are not opposed to the temperate use 
 of alcoholic beverages, but they are opposed to certain 
 features of the public sale of such goods in certain 
 kinds of places as at present conducted, and in the 
 manner in which these sales take place. It would 
 perhaps be more accurate to say that their objection 
 is confined to a very small percentage of the existing 
 retail places, but they are unable to devise any plan 
 for eliminating the objectionable places, while leaving 
 the unobjectionable ones intact, and for that reason 
 their antagonism takes the form of objection to the 
 saloon in general. 
 
 This condition of things has prompted Bonfort's 
 Wine and Spirit Circular to publish a review of pres- 
 ent and prospective legislative action, concluding with 
 a suggestion that a national conference be called of the 
 various branches of trade interested in the liquor busi- 
 ness, for the purpose of devising a model license law 
 and presenting it to the legislatures of all the states 
 of the Union, urging its adoption as a substitute for 
 the radical and impracticable legislation that is being 
 urged by the anti-saloon league. 
 
 The Growler has for the past four years pointed 
 out the fact that the anti-saloon league is a far more 
 dangerous enemy to the brewing business and the 
 liquor trade in general, than the prohibition party ever 
 was. In that respect he agrees thoroughly with the 
 spirit of Bonfort's article. He disagrees, however, 
 radically, in regard to the proposed remedy. 
 
 It may sound trite, but must nevertheless be said, 
 that what we need is not more laws, but more law. 
 There is a great abundance of laws in regard to the 
 liquor traffic, but there is not enough law in connec- 
 tion with it. If any suggestions were to be made in 
 regard to legislation, it should rather be in the line 
 
 78 
 
More Law, Fewer Laws. 
 
 of eliminating a great many of the existing laws than 
 of adding new ones. The existing laws are quite ade- 
 quate to handle the traffic, if properly enforced. The 
 legislature of Illinois, for instance, is at present con- 
 sidering a law to establish a so-called dry zone around 
 Fort Sheridan, in order to close up the disorderly 
 places in the neighborhood of that post, which are 
 supposed to demoralize the soldiers. Such a law is 
 entirely superfluous. There are enough laws now to 
 suppress these dives, if the laws are properly adminis- 
 tered. To add another law on the statute books will 
 not mend matters unless that law is enforced better 
 than the existing ones, and if there is enforcement of 
 law, the existing laws are sufficient. Conditions are 
 similar all over the country. What we need is law, 
 not laws. 
 
 We are met with the objection that our executive 
 officers cannot be trusted to enforce the laws. If that 
 is true, it is a confession that popular government is a 
 failure, and that the country needs a strong central 
 authority, independent of public opinion in the differ- 
 ent localities. The Growler is not prepared to accept 
 so pessimistic an opinion as to the capacity of our 
 people to govern themselves. 
 
 Another serious objection is the prevailing legal 
 notion in regard to equal rights. This notion has led 
 to stripping the executive officers of a great deal of 
 discretionary power, so that in this country many mat- 
 ters are regulated by law which in Europe are left 
 to the discretion of the executive officers. That is one 
 of the serious criticisms of the American common- 
 wealth in the famous book of James Bryce, the new 
 British Ambassador "to this country, whose publication 
 is used as a text book in many American educational 
 institutions. The distrust of the executive also ar- 
 
 79 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 gues a lack of faith in the capacity for self-govern- 
 ment, which lack of faith the Growler does not share. 
 If there were more law, and fewer laws, such precau- 
 tions would not be necessary. 
 
 (May i, 1907.) 
 
 Insincerity and Hypocrisy of the Anti-Alcoholists 
 in the Local Option Fight. 
 
 Some developments in the fight over the "fake" 
 local option bill of the Anti-Saloon League in the Illi- 
 nois legislature during the past month serve strongly 
 to illustrate the insincerity of those who are trying to 
 force upon the people of Illinois, as well as of other 
 states, a prohibition bill under the alluring title of 
 "local option." The "Growler" has said before that 
 he is in no way opposed to the principle of local option 
 which is, strictly speaking, nothing else than the prin- 
 ciple of local self-government. In this case, how- 
 ever, this principle is employed for a purpose to which 
 it is absolutely contradictory. 
 
 It was pointed out before that the "fake" local op- 
 tion bill of the Anti-Saloon League is not a local op- 
 tion bill, because it permits the people to have their 
 will only if that will happens to agree with that of 
 the anti-saloon people, whereas, in the other case the 
 people are not allowed to have their will. 
 
 Late developments have proved with startling clear- 
 ness that local option is a false flag under which the 
 anti-saloon people are sailing. On the floor of the 
 House of Representatives during the past month, one 
 of the advocates of the pretended local option bill ad- 
 mitted that it was an anti-saloon measure and not a 
 local option measure at all. Other instances are elo- 
 quent to show that the anti-alcoholists are opposed 
 to local option whenever there is a possibility that the 
 
 80 
 
Local Option a Pretext. 
 
 people will exercise their option in a sense contrary 
 to the wishes of the anti-alcoholists. 
 
 The so-called United Societies for Local Self-Gov- 
 ernment, of Chicago, sent to the state capital a meas- 
 ure to provide home rule for Chicago in the matter 
 of controlling the liquor traffic. Knowing what the 
 great mass of the voters of Chicago think about this 
 subject, the anti-saloon people at once rallied in oppo- 
 sition of this home rule measure. This bill, which is 
 a typical local self-government or local option meas- 
 ure, is opposed by them. The so-called Chicago Law 
 and Order League addressed letters to the governor of 
 the state, the lieutenant-governor, the secretary of 
 state and to every member of the legislature, opposing 
 the bill of the United Societies. In this letter it is set 
 forth that the proposition to give the city of Chicago 
 full power in regard to Sunday observance includes 
 the power to control the Sunday closing of saloons, 
 and that the state ought to regulate this question and 
 not the municipality. The reason given is that the 
 Sunday saloon is a menace to the state and that if a 
 law were passed allowing any city to regulate its own 
 Sunday liquor traffic, all the municipalities in the state 
 would soon be "opened up." 
 
 On the one hand, therefore, we find these people 
 standing up in favor of local option, that is to say, 
 in favor of allowing any municipality and any smaller 
 political division to decide for themselves whether or 
 not they shall have saloons. On the other hand, they 
 say that the municipalities cannot be trusted to regu- 
 late the matter of the liquor traffic, but that the state 
 must keep this question in hand. 
 
 The inconsistency is manifest, and it is equally evi- 
 dent that the anti-saloon people are not in favor of true 
 local option, but intend only to use this principle so 
 
 81 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much/' 
 
 
 far as it can aid them in the suppression of the liquor 
 traffic. If a case could be imagined where the muni- 
 cipality was in favor of suppressing the saloon while 
 the state at large favored an open policy, there is not 
 the slightest doubt that the anti-saloon people would 
 take the opposite ground and insist that it was a mat- 
 ter for the municipality to decide and that the state 
 ought not to interfere. 
 
 Lieutenant Governor Sherman in the Illinois Senate 
 strongly opposed a bill to give Chicago home rule 
 in the matter of Sunday observance. From his speech 
 on this subject, as reported in the daily papers, the 
 following two paragraphs, which appeared in the order 
 given, are here reproduced : 
 
 There is not a man in this legislature, native born or of 
 alien birth, who can tamper with the conscientious scruples 
 of the people of this state on the subject of Sunday ob- 
 servance. There is no man in this legislature who can 
 vote for the Sunday opening of saloons without violating 
 the inheritance which he had from his mother. There is 
 no man in this legislature who can tamper with the con- 
 victions of the people on this subject. This has no ref- 
 erence to the enforcement of so-called blue laws, but refers 
 merely to the belief of a majority of the people that there 
 are some occupations which cannot be permitted on at least 
 one day of the week. 
 
 Do I suppose that failure to legalize Sunday saloons would 
 result in the closing of dramshops on the Sabbath? No, I 
 have no such expectations. There will be saloons open 
 somewhere every day in the week. We have anti-gambling 
 laws and still there is gambling. Laws do not prevent 
 crime, but there is great difference between the non-en- 
 forcement of a law and its repeal. 
 
 If these paragraphs mean anything, they mean sim- 
 ply this, that the lieutenant governor wants the Sun- 
 day closing law to remain upon the statute books for 
 the purpose of satisfying the "conscience' ' of what he 
 calls the people of the state. At the same time it is 
 
 82 
 
Swelling the Tide. 
 
 broadly intimated that this law need not be enforced, 
 since he says plainly that "there is great difference 
 between the non-enforcement of a law and its repeal." 
 This is another exhibition of that attitude of mind 
 which refuses to meet the facts .as they are, and 
 which is the cause, to a great extent, of the unfortun- 
 ate condition in which liquor legislation is found, not 
 only liquor legislation, but legislation on other topics 
 as well. There may be "consciences" that will be sat- 
 isfied with a straddle of this sort, but it will never 
 satisfy any person who desires to square principle with 
 action. 
 
 (July i, 1907.) 
 
 How the Tide Against the Brewing Trade is Con- 
 tinually Swelled. 
 
 I am more firmly convinced than ever that a vigor- 
 ous intelligent campaign of publicity on strictly mod- 
 ern lines, following patriotic modes of thought, is a 
 necessity for the brewing trade. It is becoming more 
 difficult, the longer the trade waits. For, I repeat, it 
 is not the occasional sledge-hammer blow that tells. It 
 is the continual, daily tap, tap, tap of the tackhammer 
 in thousands of newspaper items, sermons, public 
 speeches, private conversations, etc. 
 
 Here is a case in point. The following item appear- 
 ed in the Chicago Daily News of May 29, 1907 : 
 
 DISPUTE OVER BEER COSTS LIFE. 
 
 Girl is Arrested Follozving Mother's Death from Brick. 
 
 Elma Denlow, 15 years old, was arrested today following 
 the death of her mother, which occurred after a brick 
 thrown by the girl had struck the woman in the head. The 
 girl says the affair was an accident. The brick was thrown 
 in the door yard of the Denlow home, 40 Webster avenue. 
 According to the girl's statement the missile was meant for 
 another woman. 
 
 Mrs. Denlow died from tetanus, said to have been brought 
 83 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 on by the wounds from the brick. Following the notifica- 
 tion of the coroner regarding the woman's death an inquest 
 was held this afternoon to place responsibility for it. 
 
 According to the story told by the girl, the trouble grew 
 out of her refusal to "rush the can" for a neighbor, a Mrs. 
 Oswald, 59 Perry street. This woman, it is said, came to 
 the Denlow home May 21, at about 5 130 p. m., and after 
 chatting awhile, suggested that Elma go to Webster and 
 Clybourn avenues and get her a pail of beer. 
 
 "I said I would not go," the girl said today. "Mrs. Os- 
 wald insisted and I ran out into the back yard to get away 
 from her. She followed me, pulling my hair and slapping 
 my face until I became angry and threw a brick at her. 
 
 "She dodged and the brick struck my mother in the head. 
 None of us thought the accident serious at the time. A few 
 days ago mother began to feel badly and now she is dead. 
 I did not think of doing anything so dreadful." 
 
 The girl and her father, Herman Denlow, when questioned 
 by the police, told a consistent story, which was corrobor- 
 ated by neighbors. 
 
 Many a reader who merely glances over the head- 
 lines will get the impression that here is a murder 
 caused by drinking beer. Those who read the item 
 through will do so under the impression created by the 
 headline that the whole trouble was due to the can 
 of beer which no one got. 
 
 As a matter of fact, beer had nothing whatever 
 to do with the case. 
 
 Now, why did the copy-reader who wrote the head- 
 lines represent the matter in that manner? Simply 
 because a reference to beer in connection with a fight 
 makes good reading, and the brewer is an outlaw and 
 entitled to no respect. It is a habit they have, our 
 newspaper men. They do not mean any ill, and prob- 
 ably do not realize the harm and injustice they are 
 doing. But imagine the thousands of items every day 
 in the year in all the newspapers of the country ! What 
 good is an occasional editorial or a magazine article as 
 against that constant hammering? 
 
 84 
 
Public Opinion Misled. 
 
 Another illustration. 
 
 This is from an editorial article in the Providence 
 (R. I.) Bulletin. 
 
 The increase in the use of the less harmful stimulants, 
 which has been marked in many countries during the last 
 few years, tends toward morality. In France beer has be- 
 come the national drink, thus reducing the field for absinthe. 
 In the United States there also is a drift away from strong 
 liquors to malt beverages. In more temperate beverages the 
 same tendency is to be noted in this country at least. The 
 use of British colonial grown tea is yearly increasing at an 
 enormous rate. It is fortunate that the nation is following 
 England's example in relying upon this invigorating and, 
 used in moderate quantities, harmless drink for refreshment 
 and stimulant. * * * 
 
 Why does it suggest itself to the editorial writer to 
 add the qualifying words "used in moderate quanti- 
 ties," when speaking of tea as harmless, while he 
 never thinks of applying the same qualification to beer, 
 which he sets down not as harmless if used in moder- 
 ation, but only as one of the "less harmful stimulants ?" 
 
 Simply because public opinion has been so com- 
 pletely perverted by the false doctrines, and especially 
 by the self-assumed air of superior morality, of the 
 anti-alcoholist, that even an editorial writer cannot 
 think normally when he approaches the subject of al- 
 coholic drink. The distinction between temperate use 
 and excess occurs to him quite naturally when speak- 
 ing of tea, but is quite absent from his mind when 
 speaking of beer. 
 
 These are merely random illustrations. And every 
 one will agree that almost every issue of every publi- 
 cation in the country contains something that in some 
 way reflects on alcoholic drink. The same is true of 
 every public speech, sermon, entertainment, conversa- 
 tion. Out of all these tiny drops there results in the 
 aggregate an ocean of misconception and detraction 
 
 85 
 
Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 concerning beer and other alcoholic drinks which sim- 
 ply overwhelms the brewer. 
 
 From the Frying Pan into the Fire. 
 
 The recent dispatches in the newspapers stating that 
 since the rigid enforcement of the prohibition laws in 
 Kansas there had been an enormous increase in the 
 sales of liquor by druggists for all manner of pre- 
 tended diseases have disturbed our prohibition friends 
 mightily. They will not rest under the charge that 
 it is only for the last month or two that tens of thou- 
 sands of people have been regularly perjuring them- 
 selves in order to get a drink. So they secured the 
 publication of the following statement in the daily 
 papers. 
 
 Despite all dispatches to the contrary, the reports of an 
 epidemic of illness since law enforcement has become prac- 
 tically statewide are, as Mark Twain would say, "greatly ex- 
 aggerated." In fact, it is such a mighty pleasant sickness 
 that it makes the Kansas people jubilant. Topeka druggists, 
 who formerly may have ignored the statutes at will, have 
 suddenly betrayed great fear of the law. 
 
 As a result they are now requiring that applicants for li- 
 quor shall make affidavit under oath and give the disease for 
 which liquor is wanted. Druggists to some extent have not 
 previously done this, and there was consequently no record 
 kept for many sales regularly made. This is the reason why 
 their present strict observance shows an apparent increase, 
 which is two-fold in some cases. There is, however, a great 
 decrease in liquor sales since the brewer ouster suits were 
 begun. 
 
 Could any inference be plainer? It is not that 
 people are buying more liquor at the drug stores, but 
 only that the druggists are insisting on affidavits in 
 accordance with the letter of the law. Ergo, the 
 people have always been buying these large amounts 
 of liquor at the drug stores, only the sales were not 
 recorded so strictly. This system of perjury and 
 
"Dramshop Laws." 
 
 hypocrisy therefore is not new, but has been in vogue 
 for a long time. 
 
 It does seem that our prohibition friends have jump- 
 ed out of the frying pan into the fire. 
 
 The Nonsensical Character of the "Dramshop" 
 Laws. 
 
 Suit is being brought at Topeka, Kan., against the 
 Jos. Schlitz and the Val. Blatz Brewing Companies 
 and a number of citizens of Topeka on behalf of Mrs. 
 Margaret Smith and her four children. Damages are 
 laid at $40,000 for each plaintiff. Mrs. Smith's hus- 
 band, Oliver Smith, about a year ago while drunk 
 hunted up Thomas Bair and killed him as a result of 
 a card game quarrel. He was sent to the penitentiary 
 for life. The persons who sold him drink and the 
 breweries which made the beer that is claimed to have 
 made him drunk are the defendants. 
 
 Why is not the law amplified to extend the liability 
 to the manufacturers and distributors of playing cards ? 
 Surely they were as guilty as the brewers. And, for 
 that matter, the people who manufactured the table 
 they played at and the chairs they sat on! 
 
 This whole business of holding the vendor of in- 
 toxicating drink responsible for the acts of the pur- 
 chaser is so unspeakably nonsensical that its existence 
 in .a civilized community is scarcely comprehensible. 
 
 To a certain extent the absurdity of these laws be- 
 came evident to Judge Day, presiding at the trial, for 
 he dismissed the suit as to the brewers and confined 
 the liability to the retailers who sold to the intoxicated 
 man. As one of the attorneys in the case submitted 
 to the court, "by the procedure of the Kansas authori- 
 ties it would be possible to go all the way past the 
 brewer to the man who had sold the brewery the malt 
 and then get the farmer who had raised the barley." 
 
 87 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 
 Yes, sir, and also to the man who furnished the ma- 
 chinery used in making the beer, and to the people who 
 supplied the metal for making the machinery, and the 
 people who dug the ore. Also the people who made 
 the brick for the walls of the brewery and the man 
 who felled the tree for the lumber used in its construc- 
 tion. And so on all through, to the Power that put the 
 iron ore in the ground and bade the tree grow and 
 placed the clay for molding the brick and caused the 
 barley to grow and the malt to sprout. And when you 
 have reached that Power, then you have reached the 
 source of all the good and the evil that flows from the 
 use and the abuse of the good things of this earth. 
 And I propose that we let the responsibility rest there, 
 trying to the best of our ability to bring up people to 
 the rational use and enjoyment of their faculties and of 
 the products of nature and of art and industry, and to 
 learn that abuse in eating or drinking is abuse of 
 oneself and should be eschewed. But let us bring up 
 men and women, not puppets that cannot stand erect 
 without a prop. 
 
 Indiana's Supreme Court Squelches Judge Artman's 
 Political Decision. 
 
 The big hullabaloo raised by the anti-alcoholists over 
 the decision of Judge Artman of Indiana, declaring the 
 license law of the state unconstitutional on the ground 
 that the legislature could not license the liquor traffic 
 owing to its inherently evil character, never made a 
 great impression on the Growler. It was so manifestly 
 a "freak" decision, so plainly the special plea of preju- 
 dice, that I could not bring myself to believe it would 
 ever hold water. The character of Judge Artman has 
 since become clearer. He has been lecturing and pre- 
 dicting the complete destruction of the liquor business. 
 
 88 
 
Artmaris "Freak" Decision. 
 
 He stands before us in the lime-light as a man utterly 
 lacking the judicial temperament. 
 
 The Supreme Court of the State of Indiana in the 
 case of John W. Thompson in a prosecution for vio- 
 lation of a city ordinance of Greencastle by keeping a 
 saloon near the Big Four station, has come out plainly 
 in support of the right of the state to license the liquor 
 traffic. The court said : 
 
 It is well settled that the several states in the exercise 
 of their sovereign power have full authority, except as re- 
 stricted by constitutional provision, to enact any measure 
 deemed expedient to suppress intemperance and minimize 
 the evils resulting from the traffic in intoxicating liquors, 
 whether by prohibiting or by restricting and licensing the 
 sale of such liquors. In the absence of legislation, the busi- 
 ness of selling intoxicating liquors has universally been re- 
 cognized as lawful, but there is no inherent right in the peo- 
 ple to engage in such traffic in any such sense as to remove 
 it from the sphere of legislative control. * * * 
 
 In the absence of constitutional inhibition it is competent 
 for the legislature of a state to delegate to municipal corpora- 
 tions power to control and regulate the liquor traffic within 
 prescribed territory. * * * 
 
 This is surely as clear as need be. 
 
 The prohibitionists, however, refuse to admit that 
 this means what it says. The Associated Prohibition 
 Press says that the question of the constitutionality of 
 the license law was not at issue and until the question 
 is squarely presented the judgment of the higher court 
 cannot be anticipated. Of course, literally this is true. 
 But then the anti-alcoholists have always paraded with 
 great gusto the utterance of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States declaring that the right to sell liquor is 
 not a natural right inherent in citizenship, although 
 that was no more than an obiter dictum. What is 
 sauce to the goose, is sauce to the gander, and if there 
 is any comfort to be had for either side from the mere 
 
 89 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 dicta of courts, the liquor people may enjoy it as freely 
 as the antis. 
 
 They say every man in Indiana is a politician. There 
 seem to be some men on the bench, however, to whom 
 this does not apply. If Judge Artman hoped to be- 
 come a popular hero by his decision, he finds his wings 
 clipped rather rudely by one of his brethren. 
 
 Judge Charles E. Henderson of Sullivan, Ind., in 
 the case of Dudley against the people of Hamilton 
 township, not only sustained the constitutionality of the 
 law permitting the licensing of the sale of liquor, but 
 administered a scathing rebuke to judges who allow 
 their personal prejudices to influence their judicial acts 
 and seek opportunities to get into the limelight. He 
 did not mention Judge Artman's name, but the allu- 
 sion is pointed enough as it stands. Judge Henderson 
 said, among other things : 
 
 It is no small matter for a circuit judge to take on and 
 arrogate to himself the declaring of a law unconstitutional 
 which has been on the statute books for more than fifty 
 years in some one form or another; has had new enactments, 
 numerous amendments by several different representative 
 bodies of the people ; has been acknowledged (the present 
 law that is sought to be declared unconstitutional) by six- 
 teen legislatures of this states, and has had nearly every sec- 
 tion thereof exposed to the scrutiny of the Supreme Court 
 and Appellate Court, and in every instance the validity of 
 the law, when questioned, has been upheld. 
 
 A circuit judge that has to attend to the volume of busi- 
 ness there is in this circuit has not the time to put his ears 
 to the ground to hear the rumblings of public opinion and 
 catch up the strain as his guiding star in deciding lawsuits, 
 nor has he the time to delve deep into the realm of specula- 
 tion and devise and hunt up high-spun theories and spe- 
 cious arguments that . will usher him into the lime-light and 
 gain for him the applause of the multitude. He must take 
 the cold letter of the law and decide a case according to the 
 law as it is, recognizing that both sides have rights in court. 
 Lawsuits ought not to be gauged by public opinion, but 
 measured by the law only. * * * 
 
 90 
 
Common Law Right. 
 
 If the law granting a license is invalid, then the penal 
 statutes on the liquor question are invalid, and if the penal 
 statutes for the violation of the liquor laws are wiped out 
 then the sale of liquor would be as free in most instances as 
 the sale of dry goods, hardware, groceries, or any other 
 commodities. The truth of the matter is that the law recog- 
 nizes a public ban on the liquor business and regards it as 
 dangerous to public and private morals, public peace and the 
 good order of society, and therefore, has imposed heavy 
 burdens upon it and severe restrictions and liabilities on 
 those engaged in the business. * * * 
 
 I am constrained to overrule the demurrer to the applica- 
 tion and grant the license, and, in doing so, I believe I am 
 following the law and performing a service to those assert- 
 ing the unconstitutionality of the law in that an opportunity 
 is presented to put the matter before the Supreme Court. 
 
 Probably the political ambitions of the judge whom 
 Judge Henderson had in mind will soon receive their 
 quietus. In putting one's "ears to the ground to hear 
 the rumblings of public opinion and catch up the strain 
 as his guiding star, in deciding lawsuits," one is apt 
 to misconstrue the noise one hears. They say that 
 Beethoven was once told by some admirers that when 
 he wrote a certain piece of music he no doubt heard 
 in his mind the rolling of thunder or the roar of hun- 
 dreds of cannon, and he rudely ^shocked his friends 
 by quietly saying : "No, I just heard a runaway horse 
 coming down the street." Judge Artman probably has 
 also heard of the three little tailors who petitioned 
 Parliament in the name of "We, the people of Great 
 Britain." 
 
 The opinion of the anti-alcoholists is not the "public 
 opinion" of America. 
 
 Not quite! 
 
 To Sell Liquor is a Common Law Right. 
 
 Since the above was written the supreme court of 
 Indiana has had the question of the constitutionality 
 
 91 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 of license laws squarely presented to it in the so-called 
 Sopher case in which Judge Ira Christian of Noble- 
 ville had followed Judge Artman. The supreme court 
 declares the position that the license laws are uncon- 
 stitutional wholly untenable and indefensible. It shows 
 that as early as 1535 the English Parliament licensed 
 and controlled the liquor traffic and that license laws 
 have existed in Indiana since 1807, beginning with a 
 territorial law. The overthrow of the statutes regulat- 
 ing the liquor traffic would, says the court, "operate 
 to restore all persons to their unrestricted rights under 
 the common law to retail intoxicating liquors, and all 
 who desire to engage in the traffic could do so with- 
 out regard to their fitness, or, in other words, abso- 
 lutely unrestricted." 
 
 That not only settles the "freak" decision of Judge 
 Artman but also demolishes one of the pet contentions 
 of the anti-alcoholists that the right to sell liquor 
 is not a common law right. The court here 
 distinctly recognizes the right of every person to 
 sell liquor without any restriction except such as 
 may be imposed by law. This reverses the en- 
 tire standing of the liquor business in Indiana, giv- 
 ing it a much stronger footing than it ever had 
 before. It puts the business on an equality with 
 all other occupations, permitting it to do everything 
 that is allowed in any other business except what is 
 distinctly prohibited by statute. 
 
 Once more, the prohibitionists have been hoist by 
 their own petard! An important step has been taken 
 towards upsetting the arbitrary doctrine heretofore 
 held by our courts that the liquor traffic has no com- 
 mon law right to exist and is only tolerated to the ex- 
 tent that statutes distinctly permit it. 
 
 92 
 
Lesson from Georgia. 
 
 (August i, 1907.) 
 The Lesson from Georgia's Lapse into Prohibition. 
 
 The recent success of prohibition in the South bears 
 out the contention repeatedly made in these columns 
 that temperance using this word in its proper sense 
 of moderation in all things is the most decisive char- 
 acteristic distinguishing the higher grades of culture 
 from the lower ones. What is safe for the white man 
 is not necessarily safe for the colored man. 
 
 It does not follow, however, that the only way to 
 prevent the improper use of alcoholic beverages on the 
 part of the colored people is to prohibit its use by 
 anybody whatever. The fact that no other remedy 
 could be found serves only to emphasize the immaturity 
 of public opinion in regard to the drink question. 
 There is no doubt that the white people of the state of 
 Georgia, for instance, have not the least idea of giving 
 up the use of alcoholic beverages, notwithstanding the 
 adoption of the prohibition law. No doubt they count 
 upon being able to secure their supplies by direct ship- 
 ment from the adjoining states. They are, therefore, 
 openly going into a law with the full intention of 
 evading it, or at least evading the spirit of it. 
 
 Surely a better way could have been found to protect 
 the colored people from the excessive use of alcoholic 
 beverages. There has been no lack of expedients in 
 the legislation of southern states to restrict the parti- 
 cipation of the negro in the electoral franchise. Does 
 the ingenuity of southern legislators stop when it 
 comes to devising means to protect the negro from 
 himself? The police power of the state is practically 
 unlimited in respect of the regulation of the liquor 
 traffic, and even seemingly arbitrary laws in that direc- 
 tion would have been sustained if they tended to pre- 
 vent excess in the use of alcoholic beverages. 
 
 93 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much! 3 
 
 I have dwelt upon this incident for the purpose of 
 exhibiting again the incapacity of our people, in the 
 present state of ignorance and misinformation in re- 
 gard to the drink question, to legislate rationally upon 
 this topic, and it all comes back to the old story that 
 it is necessary to clear up public opinion and to assist 
 people in learning the truth in regard to this problem 
 by putting them in possession of all the facts and try- 
 ing to enable them to approach this question as ration- 
 ally as other matters of public concern are handled. 
 
 Much of the Evil Ascribed to Drink is due to Ir- 
 rational Eating. 
 
 In discussing the question of Federal supervision 
 of the Nation's food the Chicago Inter-Ocean said in a 
 recent editorial : 
 
 Legislation and governmental supervision, no doubt, can 
 play an important part in the matter of preserving the nation- 
 al health, but in the last analysis it is the individual citizen 
 who must do the most. 
 
 It is the man who eats ham and eggs in the morning, a 
 New England dinner at noon, two kinds of meat, fried po- 
 tatoes, raw vegetables, salads and pickles and mince pie in 
 the evening, and a hot sandwich at night who finally be- 
 comes a disturbing element in the country, and who may suc- 
 ceed in so spreading the seeds of discord and contention 
 before he reaches a sanitarium, that, were it not for the re- 
 straining influence of people who eat moderately and di- 
 gest what they eat, civic strife or even civil war might be the 
 consequence. 
 
 We do not need to have our health Federally supervised 
 if we will only strive earnestly to refrain from swallowing 
 things that an ostrich could not assimilate and look pleasant. 
 We should take better care of our stomachs, which will help 
 us to take better care of our minds, which, in turn, will help 
 us out of the prevalent delusion that it is our intellects that 
 are bothering us when, in fact, the trouble is solely with our 
 livers. 
 
 I do not know whether the writer of that editorial has 
 been reading the The Growler or not, but there is a cer- 
 
 94 
 
Bating is More to Blame. 
 
 tain resemblance between the thought of this editorial 
 and those which have been repeatedly expressed in these 
 columns. I have insisted that much greater and much 
 more harm is done by irrational eating than by ex- 
 cessive drinking. If it is a delusion that our intellects 
 are bothering us when, in fact, the trouble is with our 
 livers, it is also a delusion that it is drink that is 
 bothering us, for, as a matter of fact, it is eating, 
 far more than drinking, . that is at the bottom of so 
 much of our trouble. 
 
 Prof. Irving Fisher of Yale University recently pub- 
 lished the results of some tests in regard to endurance 
 in muscular work, comparing persons who use the 
 customary diet with those who abstain very largely 
 from the highly nitrogenous foods, principally meat. 
 He found a superiority of endurance on the part of the 
 non-flesheaters which is simply astounding. His tests 
 do not cover the question of strength, nor that of 
 general health, nor of mental activity. They are con- 
 fined to the one subject of endurance. As far as they 
 go, they seem to imply confirmation of Prof. Chit- 
 tenden's theory that the prevailing diet includes far too 
 much proteid matter and that a better state of vigor 
 could be maintained if the amount of proteid was re- 
 duced very greatly. 
 
 While by no means conclusive, all these tests con- 
 firm the belief that the average person not only eats 
 too much altogether, but particularly eats too much pro- 
 teid, which is the most difficult to assimilate and the 
 most injurious to be left in the system unassimilated. 
 It confirms further the position that has been taken by 
 The Growler that this kind of living has much to do 
 with the production of many of those evils which the 
 anti-alcoholist invariably ascribes to the use of alco- 
 holic drink, to say nothing of the fact that irrational 
 eating often directly contributes to excessive drinking. 
 
 95 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much! 3 
 
 It is gratifying to note that now and then the daily 
 papers are bold enough to recognize that irrational 
 eating produces people who become a disturbing ele- 
 ment in the country, criminals, paupers and insane 
 people. Heretofore, under the influence of the anti- 
 alcoholists, most of these things have been laid at the 
 door of alcoholic drink. 
 
 (September i, 1907.) 
 
 We of the Twentieth Century have Gained the Joy 
 of Living. 
 
 "We have gained some things that the puritan had 
 not we of this generation, we of the twentieth cen- 
 tury, here in this great republic. * * * We have 
 gained a joy of living which he had not, and which it 
 is a good thing for every people to have and to de- 
 velop." 
 
 This quotation is taken from the address made by 
 President Roosevelt August 2Oth, on the occasion of 
 the laying of the corner stone of the Cape Cod Pil- 
 grim Memorial monument at Provincetown, Mass. 
 And I prefer, in this instance, to quote Roosevelt, the 
 historian, rather than Roosevelt, the President of the 
 United States. Coming from the historian the words 
 have more weight, while coming from the President 
 they were more certain to secure extensive publicity. 
 Roosevelt has repeatedly shown that, although not of 
 Puritan descent himself, he is a student and admirer 
 of that historic personage. So must every student of 
 history be, for it is doubtful if more important and 
 far-reaching work in the advancement of civilization 
 was ever done in any period of the world's history 
 in so short a time by so few men as by the epoch- 
 making work of the Puritan. And hence, as an his- 
 torical personage we admire the Puritan. 
 
 96 
 
Evolution of Ideals. 
 
 "As an historical personage/' I said advisedly. And 
 it is in that light that Roosevelt admires him. He 
 says: "We need have but scant patience with the 
 men who now rail at the Puritan's faults. They were 
 evident, of course, for it is a quality of strong natures 
 that their failings, like their virtues, stand out in bold 
 relief; but there is nothing easier than to belittle the 
 great men of the past by dwelling only on the points 
 where they come short of the universally recognized 
 standards of the present. Men must be judged with 
 reference to the age in which they dwell and the work 
 they have to do." 
 
 The natural inference is that we should hold fast 
 that which was good in this rare historical charac- 
 ter, discard that which was faulty and add that which 
 the new era in which we live teaches us to be better 
 than the Puritan of two and a half centuries ago un- 
 derstood. 
 
 And here enters what Roosevelt calls the "joy of liv- 
 ing." That is what we of the twentieth century have 
 acquired, which the Puritan had not, and "it is a good 
 thing for every people to have and to develop." And 
 that is precisely what the anti-alcoholist would deny 
 us. For he represents the unreconstructed Puritan, 
 the one of three centuries ago, whose fault in this 
 direction Roosevelt has pointed out so tersely. 
 
 Evolution of the Highest Ideal of Living. 
 
 Historically, the attitude of medieval Europe in 
 regard to the "joy of living," was justified and, in the 
 evolution of a higher ideal, quite necessary. The me- 
 dieval spirit represented a violent revolt against the 
 extreme sensualism of the ancient Graeco-Roman 
 world and, as usual, those who thus revolted went far 
 beyond the limits of reason in the opposite direction, 
 denouncing as of the flesh and the devil everything 
 
 97 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much:' 
 
 that savored of the "joy of living." It is only within 
 a comparatively short time that the pendulum has 
 begun to swing back again, and let us hope it will not 
 swing back too far beyond the perpendicular, though 
 there is danger that it may, if the present day repre- 
 sentatives of the medieval spirit continue their atti- 
 tude of hostility to rational enjoyment. It is only 
 of late that we are beginning to believe that it is not 
 wrong to enjoy life rationally and, of course, temper- 
 ately, that we can look upon the joy of living without 
 fear of moral lapse, and without fear of degradation 
 through excess. We have outgrown the zeal of the 
 renegade and worked through into the broad daylight 
 where we need not fly to the cloister to avoid the dan- 
 gers of lust, where we can look upon the nude in art 
 with freedom from improper emotions, and enjoy the 
 good things of the world without fear of excess and 
 without any feeling of wrong-doing. 
 Medium tenuere beati. 
 
 Enjoyment of Food and Drink as Important as Mere 
 Nutrition. 
 
 And while the spiritual growth of man has been 
 tending in this direction, we are receiving more and 
 stronger support from science that the new view is the 
 right view. We are learning that the active pleasur- 
 able exertion of our natural faculties is conducive to 
 bodily health and mental vigor, that mental relaxa- 
 tion and pleasure is a fine tonic for mind and body, 
 that the enjoyment of food and drink is as important 
 to our physical well-being as is consideration of diges- 
 tibility and nutritive value. If physiologists prove by 
 experiment that even animals, such as dogs, are pow- 
 erfully affected by the mere taste of food, that the 
 mere odor of food and the presence of it in the mouth 
 will start the flow of the digestive fluids in the stom- 
 
 
Principles of Food and Drink. 
 
 ach and intestines, how much greater must such effects 
 be in man where the psychical element is infinitely 
 more powerfully developed than in the brutes ! How 
 much more important for man, therefore, is the proper 
 consideration of the pleasures of the table, as part of 
 the joy of living! 
 
 Important Definitions and Principles Regarding 
 Food Laid Down by Dr. Wiley. 
 
 In his book on Foods and Their Adulteration, Dr. 
 H. W. Wiley, Chief of the Bureau of Chemistry, 
 United States Department of Agriculture, who has 
 achieved so much popular prominence of late as the 
 champion of pure food, has in the introductory parts 
 some interesting passages which I will here quote, 
 emphasizing by italics those parts which seem pecu- 
 liarly pertinent to the present discussion : 
 
 The term "food" in its broadest signification includes all 
 those substances which, when taken into the body build tis- 
 sues, restore waste, furnish heat and energy, and provide ap- 
 propriate condiments. . . . 
 
 It (food) also includes those bodies of a liquid character 
 which are classed as beverages rather than as foods. All 
 of these bodies have nutritive properties, although theif 
 chief value is condimental and social. . . . 
 
 That large class of food products, also, which is known as 
 condiments is properly termed food, since they not only pos- 
 sess nutritive properties, but through their condimental char- 
 acter promote digestion and by making the food more pal- 
 atable secure to a higher degree the excellence of its social 
 function. . . . 
 
 Beverages are those liquid food products which are more 
 valued for their taste and flavor than actual nutritive value. 
 
 It must not be considered that mere nutrition is the sole 
 object of foods, especially for man. It is the first 
 object to be conserved in the feeding of domesticated ani- 
 mals, but is only one of the objects to be kept in view in the 
 feeding of man. Man is a social animal and, from the ear- 
 liest period of his history, food has exercised a most import- 
 
 99 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much/' 
 
 ant function in his social life. Hence in the study of food 
 and of its uses a failure to consider this factor would be re- 
 grettable. For this reason it is justifiable in the feeding of 
 man to expend upon the mere social features of the meal a 
 sum which often is equal to or greater than that expended 
 for the mere purpose of nutrition. . . . 
 
 This (study) will enable man, as a social animal, to so 
 conduct himself at table as to secure the greatest possible 
 pleasure and social benefit therefrom, and at the same time 
 avoid any injury which ignorance might permit and invite. 
 
 I have picked out passages which bear upon the 
 importance and necessity, in the consideration of food, 
 of taking into account what I have heretofore called 
 the psychical element, that is, the pleasurable feelings 
 which the food will arouse directly and indirectly. 
 
 Taste and Flavor more Prized in Beer than Nutri- 
 tive Value. 
 
 I find the position lately taken in these columns 
 fully borne out by Dr. Wiley. I have sought to im- 
 press upon brewers that they make a mistake in adver- 
 tising the nutritive value of beer; in fact, they are 
 harping upon the least important of the properties 
 of beer. Of course, I do not deny that beer possesses 
 a certain amount of nutritive value. But, as I said 
 before, is there anybody who will drink beer when he 
 is hungry? Beer is used as an adjunct to those arti- 
 cles which are taken for nutritive purposes mainly. 
 It comes under the head of condiments or relishes. 
 Dr. Wiley goes so far as to say of beverages in gen- 
 eral that they are "those liquid food products which 
 are more valued for their taste and flavor than actual 
 nutritive value." We see by this wording that he 
 intends to exclude from the term "beverages" such 
 foods as, while liquid in form, still are regarded almost 
 wholly as nutriment in the stricter sense of the word, 
 
 100 
 
Value of Enjoyment. 
 
 f. i., milk, soups, etc. The definition is useful and 
 ought to be retained for public discussion in that sense ; 
 it clearly represents the popular idea of the term, as 
 clearly as such vague terms can be defined in which 
 we try to express new ideas by old words. 
 
 Expense for Pleasure not a Waste. 
 
 I also hail with satisfaction Dr. Wiley's plain declar- 
 ation that "it is justifiable to expend upon the mere 
 social features of the meal a sum which often is equal 
 to or greater than that expended for the mere purpose 
 of nutrition." I had never approached the subject 
 from the point of view of comparative expense for 
 such parts of the meal as go to mere nutrition and such 
 as go to the social features and the general enjoyment 
 of the meal. But it is a useful question to investigate. 
 We are met at least once a year by the so-called "Na- 
 tion's drink bill," wherein we are told how many mil- 
 lions are spent by the people on alcoholic beverages. 
 And those who get up these figures or secure their 
 publication generally designate all this expenditure as 
 a mere waste and worse. 
 
 Dr. Wiley says that as much or more may be prop- 
 erly spent upon the mere social features of a meal 
 whereby he means largely foods having a condimental 
 character, and beverages than for the mere purpose 
 of nutrition. When it is considered that these food 
 adjuncts are, as a rule, quite expensive as compared 
 with the foods which serve mere nutrition, that state- 
 ment seems conservative. We have ample justification 
 for saying that the money spent by the people for al- 
 coholic beverages is not wasted, but on the contrary, 
 goes to the satisfaction of a food requirement fully as 
 necessary for the highest degree of well-being as the 
 mere supply of nutriment. 
 
 101 
 
Hie Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 True Value of Alcoholic Beverages. 
 
 Moreover, we have here an additional point to ap- 
 preciate the statement of physiologists that while no 
 doubt alcohol is a food, it is an expensive food. This 
 is doubtless true, and if the nutritive value of alcohol 
 were its only, or even its most important claim to 
 recognition as a proper constituent of beverages, we 
 should be obliged to admit that it did not compare with 
 other foods from the point of view of economy. But, 
 as I have insisted in these columns, the nutritive value 
 of alcohol is the least of its claims. Its condimental 
 value, the fact that the beverages into which it enters 
 are relished, that they heighten the enjoyment of the 
 meal, promote the social functions of food, animate 
 the psychical forces which are of dominant importance 
 in the act of eating while lacking in the act of mere 
 feeding these are the considerations which lend to 
 alcoholic beverages their permanent and solid standing, 
 the security of which is being continually fortified as 
 science opens up more the obscure domain of the sus- 
 tenance of the human system and its maintenance in 
 a healthy condition insuring the highest physical and 
 mental efficiency and happiness. 
 
 The Truth About the Recent Statement of British 
 Physicians Concerning Alcohol. 
 
 While discussing what is partly connected with the 
 physiological aspects of the alcohol question it may not 
 be amiss to refer to some statements from physicians 
 about which some fuss has been made in the press of 
 late. 
 
 The recent pronouncement in favor of the value of 
 alcoholic beverages by certain eminent British phy- 
 sicians and scientists has been attacked by the anti- 
 alcoholists as an uncalled-for advance by the liquor ele- 
 ment. It turns out, however, that it was merely a dig- 
 
 102 
 
Scientists' on Alcoholic Drink. 
 
 nified response to certain innuendoes made by a tee- 
 total physician in Canada with the disingenuousness 
 characteristic of his kind. The London Hospital pub- 
 lishes this account of the occurrence : 
 
 The question of the dietetic and medicinal position of al- 
 cohol is with us once again. A number of well known phy- 
 sicians and surgeons, together with certain professors of 
 physiology, have felt it their duty to issue a collective ex- 
 pression of opinion in favor of the value of alcoholic bev- 
 erages both in health and disease. 
 
 It is not difficult to identify the circumstances which have 
 led to this step. Not many months have elapsed since a prom- 
 inent metropolitan surgeon took the opportunity offered by 
 the meeting of the British Medical Association at Toronto 
 to denounce the use of alcohol in every shape and form ; 
 to proclaim its utter uselessness and even its pernicious ac- 
 tion, in the treatment of disease; and generally to condemn 
 it as a dangerous and poisonous agent. Had these proposi- 
 tions been presented merely as the personal opinions of the 
 orator they might easily have been passed over as having 
 no other attraction than a convenient restatement of what 
 the same authority had said on many previous occasions. 
 But with them was associated at least a suggestion that such 
 views represented the general attitude of the profession in 
 this country, and the official position of the speaker lent, 
 as was evident from the criticisms of the lay press, an added 
 significance to this statement. 
 
 Considering what is the common custom and habit of 
 medical practitioners on this side of the Atlantic in regard 
 to the use of alcohol, at least in the treatment of disease, it 
 is not a matter for wonder that a number of clinical teachers 
 should, even somewhat late in the day, have determined to 
 put on record views which are in direct conflict with those 
 presented to the Toronto meeting. Now that the issue is 
 joined it is to be hoped that its discussion will be con- 
 ducted in a fair and scientific fashion, and that from it will 
 result both light and leading. 
 
 What the Scientific Men Drank at Dinner. 
 
 Another London dispatch in the daily papers re- 
 cently told of an argument ad horninem that was in- 
 
 103 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 troduced in rather striking fashion by Sir James Crich- 
 ton-Brown July 25, at the annual dinner of the Medico- 
 Psychological Association. With the assistance of the 
 manager of the dining room he made a record of what 
 each individual drank, and when it came his turn to 
 respond to a toast to science he sprang his results on 
 his surprised hearers. He said : 
 
 "We have at this table many of the highest authorities in 
 the country on the alcohol question. Medical superintendents 
 of lunatic asylums see much of the evils of alcohol. They 
 are strenuous advocates of temperance ; and have supplied 
 the teetotalers with some of their strongest arguments. It 
 is, therefore, interesting to ascertain how far they adopted 
 extreme views on the alcohol question. There are at this 
 table eighty-four members of the association, and just 5 
 or 6 per cent have declined alcohol altogether. The re- 
 mainder, or 94 per cent, have partaken of alcohol in some 
 form, and a large majority in several different forms. I 
 dined a fortnight ago at Sir Andrew Noble's table with, eigh- 
 teen leading men of science of the day, from the venerable 
 Lord Kelvin downward, and not one of them declined al- 
 cohol. It is a farce, a gross hyperbole, to speak of alcohol 
 as a deadly poison. Those who declare alcohol a deadly 
 poison should* also state that we constantly carry it about. 
 Our bodies have more deadly poisons or toxins, but these 
 human poisons are harmless and may be beneficial as long as 
 they are kept in their right place. Our great aim should be 
 to keep alcohol in its right place." 
 
 Confiscating Property Under Prohibition Laws. 
 
 If there had been a campaign of publicity and there 
 existed today a public sentiment that could deal fairly 
 with the people engaged in the brewing business, such 
 high-handed tyranny as that proposed in Georgia f. i., 
 would be impossible. America is the only civilized 
 country in which the confiscation of private property, 
 accumulated and employed under protection of law, 
 is practised and sanctioned by the legislatures and 
 courts. There are anti-alcoholists and prohibitionists 
 
 104 
 
Confiscation of Property. 
 
 in England. But none of them ever had the temerity 
 to propose the suppression of the brewing business 
 without compensation. In this country, when a legis- 
 lature decides to stop the brewing business they simply 
 confiscate the breweries without a dollar of compensa- 
 tion. 
 
 The Nashville (Tenn.) Banner, after adverting to 
 the iniquity of the Georgians in confiscating the brew- 
 eries of that state, says : 
 
 Let us take another business by way of analogy. In Ten- 
 nessee we have a law forbidding the sale of pistols in the 
 state, a law that does not effect the end intended, as any- 
 one wishing a pistol can get one if he has the money to pay 
 for it. This law is based upon the demonstrable fact that 
 the pistol carrying practice is a great evil and that society 
 should be protected by an inhibition of the sale of the dan- 
 gerous and deadly weapon. But let us suppose that a great 
 manufactory of pistols had been built up in Nashville, in- 
 volving an investment of, say a milion dollars, under the 
 sanction of protecting law, and suppose the legislature should 
 enact a law prohibiting the manufacture of pistols in Ten- 
 nessee, and by such an enactment cause the pistol manu- 
 facturer a loss of half a million dollars. Would he not feel 
 that he had a just claim against the state for some repara- 
 tion, in that his business was not unlawful until the new 
 law that destroyed it was enacted? While it is a recognized 
 principle of government that the individual must suffer for 
 the good of the community if it be necessary, does not a 
 consideration of equity obtain in the practical confication of 
 property where there has been no violation of law upon the 
 part of the owner and when the property has been built up 
 with the consent and by the encouragement of the state? 
 This question does not involve the right of a state to pro- 
 mote temperance, except incidentally, but it seems to be a 
 question involving property rights under the law. 
 
 The same thing happened in Iowa and Kansas when 
 prohibition was introduced. It seems that when 
 people approach the liquor question they leave their 
 common-sense and their feelings of fairness and equity 
 
 105 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 behind, they cannot think straight, being usually undei 
 the lash of the fanatics whose obliquity of mental vis- 
 ion incapacitates them from applying to this subject 
 the standards of morals and decency which obtain in 
 regard to other matters. 
 
 Again an argument for a campaign of publicity ! 
 
 Henry Watterson to the Rescue of Betrayed 
 Kentucky. 
 
 For many months the Nation has been a mournful 
 spectator of the efforts of the enemies of happiness to 
 wrap about the beautiful state of Kentucky the hide- 
 ous garment of hypocrisy, to deliver it to the demon 
 of darkness and prohibition. The work of the anti- 
 alcoholists has had the support of certain political 
 leaders who hoped thereby to mount to office and pub- 
 lic greatness, using that fad as "ambition's ladder" 
 with the intent, no doubt, of spurning it when their 
 objects were obtained. We beheld the coils of the 
 serpent being wound closer and closer around the fair 
 captive, chained by unscrupulous politicians like An- 
 dromeda on the rock. County after county went into 
 the hands of the "drys" until practically only three 
 counties could be classed as "wet." Sunday closing 
 was enforced in Louisville, and there was much said 
 of the wickedness of that city, and especially of the 
 purveyors of liquid refreshment therein. Already the 
 "antis" were shouting in triumph and predicting that 
 Kentucky would soon follow the sad example of Geor- 
 gia: 
 
 Behold, on the wings of eloquence, armed with the 
 sword of truth, and nerved by the fire of righteous in- 
 dignation, a modern Perseus to the rescue of Andro- 
 meda, gives battle to the foul monster that would de- 
 stroy the state, deemed by its sons and daughters the 
 fairest of this fair land. Speaking as though it were 
 
 106 
 
Henry Watterson's Plea. 
 
 his last message to the children of what he called 
 Kentucky's Acropolis, his parting word before leaving 
 for the great unknown country, Henry Watterson 
 warned them against vagaries which "would blot Ken- 
 tucky out of the galaxy of stars and recreate her in the 
 dread image of Maine and Kansas/'' At the opening 
 of the Blue Grass Fair at Lexington, August I2th, the 
 famous Kentucky editor and statesman concluded a 
 soul-stirring address with the following beautiful per- 
 oration : 
 
 I am conscious that this is the last opportunity I shall 
 have to look into the eyes of the beautiful women who irrad- 
 iate this Heavenly spot and to speak for my neighbors and 
 myself, man to man, before a central Kentucky audience. 
 My fathers, no less than your fathers, gave of their blood 
 for this priceless heritage. They were, upon the one side of 
 the house, yeomen honest, peace-loving, Scotch-Irish yeo- 
 men and on the other side, gentlemen and cavaliers and 
 fighters. In the direct Scotch line, however and I believe 
 as you do in pedigree and heredity there was a good old 
 minister of the gospel, my great-grandfather, a Madison coun- 
 ty Presbyterian preacher, and I trace back to him. I am not 
 here without warrant or commission. My own people, who 
 know me best and have always stood by me, will indorse 
 what I say, when, the day after tomorrow, they come here 
 in divisions and brigades to speak for themselves. I bring 
 you a message of fraternity in advance from them, and, in 
 delivering this message I want to plead before the bar of 
 Lexington, the happiest of cities, the cause of Louisville, 
 the most cruelly maligned. I appeal from the partisans, 
 whoever they be and whatever their aims, to the reason and 
 justice of the whole people, and I declare that Louisville is 
 neither the Sodom nor the Gomorrah so often pictured by 
 these , but a great and noble city, full of farmers' boys who 
 came to town from every part of the commonwealth to bet- 
 ter their fortunes, still clinging to the old rooftree; a city 
 of homes and altars, whose church bells echo vibrant to the 
 church bells of Lexington, whose heart beats true to the heart 
 of Lexington, whose interests are your interests and whose 
 God is your God, in religion and in morals something above 
 
 107 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 rather than below the standard of other considerable centers 
 of business and population. 
 
 / protest against that religion which sands the sugar and 
 zvaters the milk before it goes to its prayers. I protest against 
 that morality which poses as a saint in public to do as it 
 pleases in private. As the old woman said of the old man's 
 swearing, "If there is anything I do hybominate it is hypo- 
 crisy." In my opinion that which threatens Kentucky is not 
 the gentlemanly vices of the race course, and the sideboard, 
 but perfidy and phariseeism in public and in private life. 
 
 The men who made the Blue Grass famous, who put the 
 brand of glory upon its women, its horses and its vintage, 
 were not ashamed to take a drink nor to lay a wager; though 
 they paid their losses and understood where to draw the 
 line. They marked the distinction between moderation and 
 intemperance. They did not need to be told what honor is. 
 They believed, as I believe, that there is such a thing as pre- 
 tending to more virtue than honest mortals can hope to at- 
 tain. 
 
 I know very well how I shall be rated for saying this; 
 how my words will be misrepresented and misquoted and 
 misconstrued; I told you not to ask me to come here, but 
 being here, I am going to speak as I am given the mind to 
 think and the light to see, and to warn our people against 
 the intrusion of certain "isms" which describe themselves as 
 "Progress," and muster under the standards of what they 
 call "God and Morality," but which fifty years ago went by 
 a very different name; "isms" which take their spirit from 
 Cotton Mather, not from Jesus Christ; "isms" which, where 
 they cannot rule, would burn at the stake; "isms" which em- 
 brace the sum of all fanaticism and intolerance, proposing 
 that, instead of the rich, red blood of Virginia, icewater shall 
 flow through the veins of the people; "isms" which, in one 
 zvord, would blot Kentucky out of the galaxy of stars, and 
 recreate her in the dread image of Maine and Kansas. 
 
 I refuse to yield to these. Holding the ministry in rev- 
 erence as spiritual advisers, rejecting them as emissaries of 
 temporal power, I do not intend, if I can help it, to be com- 
 pelled to accept a rule of modern clericalism, which, if it 
 could have its bent and sway, would revive for us the priest- 
 ridden systems of the middle ages. / do not care to live in 
 a world that is too good to be genial, too ascetic to be hon- 
 est, too prescriptive to be happy. I do not believe that men 
 
 108 
 
Commonsense will 
 
 can be legislated into angels even red-nosed angels. The 
 "blue laws'' of New England dead letters for the most part 
 did more harm to the people, whilst they lasted, than all 
 other agencies united. I would leave them in the cold-stor- 
 age, to ivhich the execration of some and the neglect of all, 
 consigned them long ago, not embalm them and import 
 them to Kentucky to poison the meat and drink and charac- 
 ter of the people. I shall leave my home, my professional 
 career and my familiar associates to say whether I do not 
 place, and have not always placed, the integrity of man, the 
 purity of woman and the sanctity of religion above all earth- 
 ly things; but / hope never to grow too old to make merry 
 with my friends and forget for a little that I am no longer 
 one and twenty. When the time arrives for me to go to my 
 account, I mean to go shouting; to go with my flag flying, 
 and, as I never have lied to the people of Kentucky, please 
 God I never shall. I have told them a great many unpalat- 
 able things. I have met their disapproval full in the face. 
 I have lived to see most of my admonitions against this, 
 that and the other vain hope vindicated by events. I want 
 to live yet a little longer to tell the truth and shame the 
 devil; but if obscurity and adversity and neglect shall over- 
 take me it will be a comfort even in the valley of the shadow 
 of death that from first to last I fought, not for the speckled 
 gospels of the short-haired women and the long-haired men 
 of Babylon, but for the simple manhood and lovely woman- 
 hood of old Kentucky never new Kentucky, but always, and 
 forever, old Kentucky your birthright and mine. 
 
 (October i, 1907.) 
 
 The Common Sense of the People will Finally 
 Assert Itself if Help is Given to That End. 
 
 I do not believe the situation is desperate, bad 
 though it undoubtedly is. The common sense of the 
 people will eventually assert itself. Of that there can 
 be no doubt. Even now, when the tide of opposition 
 to the brewing business seems to be at the flood, there 
 are voices, now and then, to call the people to reason. 
 
 Here is something from Secretary of War Wm. H. 
 Taft's book, "Fow Aspects of Civic Duty" which may 
 
 109 
 
The Rule of "Not Too 
 
 follow with good grace the fine rhetoric of Henry 
 Watterson quoted here last month. Secretary Taftj 
 says : 
 
 Nothing is more foolish, nothing more utterly at variance 
 with sound policy than to enact a law which, by reason of 
 conditions surrounding the community, is incapable of en- 
 forcement. Such instances are sometimes presented by sump- 
 tuary laws, by which the sale of intoxicating liquors is pro- 
 hibited under penalties in localities where the public senti- 
 ment of the immediate community does not and will not 
 sustain the enforcement of the law. In such cases the legis- 
 lation usually is the result of agitation by the people in the 
 country districts who are determined to make their fellow 
 citizens in the city better. The enactment of the law comes 
 through the country representatives, who form a majority 
 of the legislature, but the enforcement of the law is among 
 the people who are generally opposed to its enactment, and 
 under such circumstances the law is a dead letter. In cases 
 where the sale of liquor can not be prohibited in fact, it is 
 far better to regulate and diminish the evil than to attempt 
 to stamp it out. 
 
 By the enactment of a drastic law and the failure to en- 
 force it, there is injected into the public mind the idea that 
 laws are to be observed or violated according to the will 
 of those affected. I need not say how altogether pernicious 
 such a loose theory is. * * * The constant violation or 
 neglect of any law leads to a demoralization of all laws. 
 
 A North Dakota paper publishes an editorial on "In- 
 temperate Temperance," in which this passage occurs: 
 
 What license any man, no matter whether he be preacher 
 or teacher, priest or layman or even a newspaper man, who is 
 unduly contentious, a traducer of character, a destroyer of 
 reputations and whose daily delight is to set his neighbors 
 "by the ears," and who is, in short, intemperate in every par- 
 ticular except, perhaps, the use of intoxicating liquors, has 
 to insist that his neighbor, who is intemperate in the last 
 particular alone, is more in need of reformation than he, is 
 more than is given us to see. 
 
 The St. Louis Times, in discussing Watterson's 
 speech at Lexington, has this among other comment : 
 
 110 
 
One-day Morality. 
 
 We believe with Jefferson that "No nation is drunken 
 where wine is cheap," though he should have added "and 
 pure." The introduction of beer in America has done more 
 for temperance than all the temperance societies and all the 
 prohibition laws combined. The result of the anti-canteen 
 legislation is playing havoc with the private soldier of the 
 army. "Fanaticism," says Mr. Woodson, "is often tyran- 
 nical in its methods." Fanaticism is always tyrannical in its 
 methods, proscriptive in its spirit and mistaken in its ends. 
 To the decision of a question so momentous should be 
 brought the force of common sense and accumulated experi- 
 ence, not the hysteria of frenzied agitation. 
 
 And in regard to Sunday closing let us quote from 
 E. P. Powell, a Unitarian, writing in the Jewish 
 Tribune, on "Sunday Laws and One-Day Morality:" 
 
 Our churches should have playgrounds and gymnasiums, 
 as well as sermons. When Agassiz first came to America he 
 complained that the worst feature of society was Sunday re- 
 strictiveness. He had been accustomed to hear his preacher 
 in the morning and play ball with him in the afternoon. Even 
 John Calvin sometimes adjourned his evening service and 
 went with his congregation to the theatre. ... I write 
 as one who rarely goes to a theater, but I claim the green 
 fields on Sunday. I insist on my right to take my rest with 
 games that discharge the blood from my brain. We are 
 an overworked nation. Insomnia and insanity are multiply- 
 ing. Our time for rest we must have, whether in the middle 
 of the week or at the beginning or at the close. 
 
 W. H. Allen, general agent for the New York As- 
 sociation for Improving the Condition of the Poor, 
 according to the Chicago Daily News, 
 decries the exaggeration in text books on hygiene, with 
 their charts picturing in purple, green and black the alleged 
 effects of alcoholic stimulants on the heart, brain, stomach, 
 liver, knees and eardrums of the drinking man. He in- 
 veighs against texts drawing lessons from accidental and ex- 
 ceptional cases of the excessive use of alcohol and classing 
 moderate drinking and smoking as sins of equal magnitude 
 with drunkenness, while "overlooking grave social and in- 
 dustrial ills that threaten children far earlier and far more 
 frequently than tobacco and alcohol." 
 
 Ill 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 At Trinity Episcopal church, Sacramento, Cal., 
 Bishop William H. Moreland delivered a discourse re- 
 garding saloons, taking his text from I Cor. IX, 25, 
 "Temperate in all Things." He said, among other 
 things : 
 
 Be temperate in all things, especially in considering mat- 
 ters relating to temperance. Violent, intemperate, fanatical 
 speech and conduct are continually hindering this great 
 cause. 
 
 Let us clear the ground of two mistaken ideas. One is that 
 the mere drinking of wine in* itself is a sin. The bible fre- 
 quently condemns drunkenness, but never the temperate use 
 of spirits. 
 
 The common Jewish custom was wine drinking, and 
 neither the prophets nor apostles say one word against it. 
 We have the highest authority possible, for our Lord Jesus 
 Christ Himself supplied wine when it was lacking at a 
 wedding, and it will not do to say that He made unfer- 
 mented wine, for scholars have shown that He made the ordi- 
 nary drinking wine, which was as much fermented as ours 
 is. Another false notion is that the abuse of wine prohibits 
 the use of it. Apply this argument to other things. Many 
 men use horses for gambling purposes, and thousands of men 
 are ruined by betting at the races. Shall we then abandon 
 horses altogether and take to the bicycle? But many overdo 
 the wheel, and suffer from curvature of the spine and the 
 bicycle heart. Shall we then prohibit the bicycle? Some 
 people are injured by drinking coffee. Must all the world 
 then give up its morning cup? It never helps any cause to 
 raise false issues about it or defend it with unsound argu- 
 ments. 
 
 And here is a little editorial paragraph from the 
 Cincinnati Enquirer of September 5 : 
 
 It is presumed there will be another effort to restore the 
 canteen. Next time Congress should not take alarm at the 
 flutter of petticoats in the galleries and lobbies. 
 
 Bishop Hall, of Vermont, said : 
 
 Prohibition drives underground the mischief which it 
 seeks to cure, making it more difficult to deal with the evil 
 and impossible to regulate the trade, as for instance, in the 
 
 112 
 

 Opinions of Speakers. 
 
 quality of liquor sold. The present law leads, I believe, in 
 many cases, to heavier drinking in clubs and at home, liquor 
 being purchased in larger quantities than would be the case 
 if it were possible to purchase at a restaurant a glass of wine 
 or beer. 
 The Rev. Dr. Rainsford, of New York, said : 
 
 Are we fools and blind enough to believe that we can sud- 
 denly eradicate an almost universal desire for alcohol, meet 
 and overcome with the presentation of an occasional coffee 
 house? No. Our treatment has to be much more radical 
 than this. To drink is no sin. Jesus Christ drank. To keep 
 
 saloon is no sin. And any policy that claims the name 
 of Christ or does not claim His name, that deals with the 
 well-nigh universal taste of man for alcohol on the basis 
 of law and order alone, can not commend itself to the best 
 intelligence and is doomed to fall. 
 
 The Wilmington (Del.) News concludes an article 
 on the Saloon and Temperance with this paragraph: 
 
 The truth of the whole matter is, that the modern saloon 
 is here to stay. The modern saloon is the club room of the 
 masses who do not care to bear the expense of fashionable 
 club membership or to maintain an expensive sideboard in 
 their residences. If you believe it is a hell on earth, ask the 
 police or go into one and see for yourself. A common re- 
 gard for the truth ought to be sufficient reason for any one 
 to ascertain the facts about the conditions that exist. 
 
 Prof. Zueblin, professor of sociology at the Uni- 
 versity of Chicago, in a recent lecture is reported as 
 follows : 
 
 The professor, in a word, said that any healthy amuse- 
 ment might be indulged in on Sundays as long as there were 
 no excesses. Regarding the beer gardens, his view is they 
 should be a gathering place for families and friends, not for 
 the sake of merely drinking beer, but places where the serv- 
 ing of beer would be permitted. There should also be music 
 and other amusements of the proper kind. 
 
 In discussing Sabbath observance, the Omaha 
 World-Herald says : 
 
 The time has come in this twentieth century when men of 
 enlightenment must admit that intolerance is one of the 
 
 113 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 most baneful of all evils. It leads inevitably to persecution 
 and feelings of malice. When a man has reached the point 
 where he recognizes the right of other people to their opin- 
 ions, even though they differ from his own, he has made a 
 big start toward his own salvation. 
 
 The above utterances represent only some things that 
 happen to have come to hand within a week or so. 
 They are here shown because it is well to stop once 
 in a while and look at the reverse side of the picture. 
 We ought not to follow the example of the enemies of 
 the brewing trade and of temperance, and become so 
 taken up with one idea as to believe the whole world 
 revolves around that one thing. That is the fanatic's 
 way of thinking, and is precisely the fault of the anti- 
 alcoholists, which we, who stand for temperance in all 
 things, ought to avoid. 
 
 It is true, -the above quotations contain nothing 
 whatever that is new to the student of the drink prob- 
 lem, so-called. What interests about them is the 
 sources from which they emanate and the time at 
 which they are published. The point I am trying to 
 make is that there is at the bottom a strong current 
 of common sense in the people, and the brewers ought 
 to make it their business to appeal to it, to arouse it, to 
 bring the people to a realization of the absurdities and 
 abnormalities to which they are being led by a lot of 
 defectives who insist that because they themselves are 
 morbid, healthy people shall live in hospitals or ac- 
 cording to hospital regimen. 
 
 (November i, 1907.) 
 
 How the Watterson Fight Looks to the Man Up 
 a Tree. 
 
 The anti-alcoholists, both prohibitionists and anti- 
 saloonists, have been greatly shocked and scandalized 
 by the flaying they got from Henry Watterson at Lex- 
 
 114 
 
Prom Up a Tree. 
 
 ington, which was printed in last month's AMERICAN 
 BREWERS' REVIEW. "It hurts one's conscience to be 
 found out." And in this case, the fellow that roasted 
 them was not a poor benighted "literary hack" in the 
 pay of the rum devil nor an imp of satan in the form 
 of a brewer whom they could lambaste with impunity, 
 but it was a leading journalist and one of the fore- 
 most statesmen of the south, the idol of the state of 
 Kentucky and one worshipped for many years by all 
 true southerners and admired by numerous friends in 
 the north. Brother Watterson is being soundly rated 
 by the anti-alcoholist speakers and writers, as he ex- 
 pected to be. And yet I have a sneaking notion he did 
 not expect it would be quite so bad. He never before 
 realized what it meant to be exposed to the mud bat- 
 teries of the anti-alcoholists. We who have had the 
 benefit of these mud baths for years know what they 
 are. We realize our helplessness. We feel constantly 
 how the anti-alcoholists are all the time filling the 
 newspapers of the country with their fake news, their 
 pseudo-science and their "pipe dreams" regarding 
 social and economic conditions, while the brewers, 
 whom they charge with controlling the press, never 
 get a word in edgewise. 
 
 I confess to a certain mild satisfaction at Brother 
 Watterson's sojourn in hot water. Everybody has a 
 certain amount of meanness in him, and I suppose it 
 is my meanness that gives me the joy over his situa- 
 tion. Brother Watterson, however, is a fighter. He 
 answers back. He refuses to be measured by what he 
 calls the "moral yardstick" of these Pecksniffs, or to 
 take his instructions from the "professional moralist" 
 who, he says, "is as a mile-post, perpetually telling 
 other people the way, yet never arriving there itself." 
 When Brother Watterson gets riled, he even calls 
 names. "Newspaper polecats" is one of the terms of 
 
 115 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much:' 
 
 endearment he applies to his assailants; "the old he- 
 goat liar" is another shot. Says Henry : 
 
 What would become of us if we could not cook our moral 
 rabbit under the warm lids of perfidy and pharisaism, where 
 the greatest man is the biggest liar, and the most eminent 
 statesman the slickest and least conscientious politician? 
 . . . . Our assailants either do not realize the enormity 
 of lying, else they do not care, or in many cases we doubt 
 not they fancy that they can lie without detection, preferr- 
 ing to lie than to tell the truth. That must indeed be a bad 
 cause that needs to be propped and promulgated by such 
 means. Yet, as all history shows, religion mixed up with 
 things temporal, quickly takes on fanaticism. Morality be- 
 coming an asset, gets to be a beggar-on-horseback, and here- 
 sy to the pervailing hysteria assumes the dimensions of the 
 unforgiveable sin, to be visited with the inquisition and the 
 stake. . . 
 
 I do not like to call names. But there are times 
 when I feel as did a young lady whom I once saw 
 crossing a muddy street and who, getting caught be- 
 tween teams going in opposite directions, was splashed 
 all over with mud. A man beside her, caught in the 
 same predicament, relieved his feelings with some vio- 
 lent oaths, whereupon the lady turned to him and said 
 with a sweet smile : "Thank you, sir ; thank you !" 
 
 Excess in the Use of Alcoholic Drink is a Symptom 
 of a Defective Nature, Not a Cause of it. 
 
 It is time publicly to recognize the fact well under- 
 stood by alienists that excess in the use of alcoholic 
 drink, drunkenness, alcoholism, is to a very small ex- 
 tent the result of any habit of the individual concerned 
 in the use of alcoholic beverages. The drunkard is a 
 defective to begin with, and his nervous unsoundness 
 may take many different forms. In an interview in 
 London Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald, a noted alienist of 
 New York, was recently quoted as saying: 
 
 116 
 
Expression of Defectiveness. 
 
 My experience and observations lead me to attach less 
 importance to so-called exciting causes and greater import- 
 ance to the predisposing causes. Substantially every individ- 
 ual during the most active stage of his life, the stage at 
 which insanity is most frequent, is almost daily exposed to 
 so-called exciting causes, or what I've characterized as the 
 four causes wine, women, worry and work and yet it is 
 a fact that sanity is the rule and insanity is the exception of 
 life. Only those who are endowed with unstable mental 
 and nervous organization, whether inherited or acquired, suc- 
 cumb to mental disease under the influence of these exciting 
 causes, hence the great underlying cause of all these forms 
 of insanity, to my mind, is heredity. 
 
 The offspring of an anti-alcoholist is far more likely 
 to become a drunkard than the offspring of a temper- 
 ate user of alcoholic beverages. 
 
 Dr. Eugene S. Talbot, in his book on "Degeneracy, 
 Its Causes, Signs and Results," says: 
 
 That excess in alcohol frequently occurs in degenerate 
 stocks is undeniable. But, as Krafft-Ebing, Kiernan, Spitz- 
 ka and others have shown, intolerance of alcohol is an ex- 
 pression of degeneracy. The person intolerant of alcohol 
 becomes either a total abstainer because of a personal idio- 
 syncrasy (like that which forbids certain people to eat shell- 
 fish lest nettle-rash occur) or because of parsimony, or for 
 both reasons combined. Such total abstainers leave degen- 
 erate offspring in which degeneracy assumes the type of ex- 
 cess in alcohol as well as even lower phases. 
 
 The person who lives a normal, wholesome life, who 
 does not sacrifice everything to business success or 
 economic efficiency, who believes in the "joy of living" 
 and indulges in it to a proper extent, who does not 
 keep his nerves at extreme tension and his powers at 
 high pressure all the time, who enjoys literature, art, 
 nature, sport, who gives rein to the domestic affec- 
 tions, and who in his eating and drinking includes the 
 temperate use of alcoholic beverages, he is the one 
 whose offspring is likely to be normal, whose children 
 will become neither drunkards nor criminals nor pau- 
 
 117 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 pers, nor insane, whereas, on the other hand, the man 
 who gives up all for wealth and business success or 
 economic efficiency, who denies himself the joys of 
 life, who pinches and saves in order to swell his bank 
 account, and who abstains from all alcoholic beverages, 
 and the woman who lives the parasitical life of "so- 
 ciety," who shuns alcoholic drink, but indulges to ex- 
 cess in tea and coffee, these are the persons whose off- 
 spring are much more likely to be degenerate, and the 
 degeneracy may quite readily take the form of ex- 
 cessive use of alcohol. 
 
 Others May Learn How it Feels to be Abused by 
 the Anti-Alcoholists. 
 
 It really does one good to see an eminent and re- 
 spectable man like Henry Watterson at least so he 
 was heretofore, though, of course, he is no longer on 
 the list of respectables kept by the anti-alcoholists 
 getting a dose of what we have been getting every 
 day for years. If they goad him enough, he may, 
 perhaps conclude that as these people are now lying 
 about him, they have been and are now and will con- 
 tinue to be lying about other people, and that their 
 charges against the beverage traffic are really not much 
 better than a tissue of lies. 
 
 Somewhat in line with these occurrences and reflec- 
 tions is an editorial article which appeared September 
 15 in the Chicago Inter-Ocean. It may be well to 
 quote it in full : 
 
 A recent experience of the New York Times with one W. 
 P. White of Philadelphia illustrates how men professing 
 the most exalted ideals often will distort facts and garble 
 figures in order to sustain some personal hobby will, in 
 fact, circulate downright lies as truth and salve their con- 
 sciences with the notion that they are "doing good." 
 The annual report of the judge advocate general showed, 
 as has every such report for the last six years, that drunk- 
 
 118 
 
Getting Acquainted. 
 
 enness and the crimes flowing from it had increased in the 
 army since the abolition of the canteen. The Times noted 
 the fact and made appropriate comments. 
 
 Thereupon Mr. White wrote a letter alleging that just 
 the contrary was true, and giving figures, professedly taken 
 from the official report, showing that general courts-martial 
 had decreased from 6,680 in 1900 to 4,596 in 1906, and that 
 cases of drunkenness before such courts had decreased from 
 1,645 in 1900 to 504 in 1906. 
 
 The truth is, as the Times has ascertained by thorough 
 investigation at Washington, that since the power of in- 
 ferior military courts was extended by the act of March 2, 
 1901, there have been practically no trials for drunkenness 
 by general courts-martial, and that the decrease of such 
 cases alleged by Mr. White was merely a decrease of pleas of 
 drunkenness as an extenuating circumstance of more serious 
 crimes. 
 
 Since 1904 the convictions had in the inferior military 
 courts have averaged from 40,000 to 45,000 a year, and about 
 60 per cent, of these were for drunkenness. Says the Times 
 in comment on the incident: 
 
 "The White letter which was inadvertently printed before 
 investigation, is now, presumably, part of the campaign am- 
 munition in the W. C. T. U. strongholds of the country. 
 Their guns, by a strange perversion of feminine logic, are 
 still trained in defense of the dives that benefit by the pro- 
 visions of the anti-canteen law to corrupt the army." 
 
 The comment is severe, but it is justified by the facts. 
 It is certainly one of the strangest exhibitions of moral 
 obtuseness on record that persons whose station and pro- 
 fessions should make them examples of truthfulness should 
 persist in circulating lies that sustain conditions making for 
 immorality, and that respectable women should organize and 
 agitate for laws which make the keeping of dives profitable. 
 
 "Downright lies," "moral obtuseness," "circulating 
 lies" you are getting along, gentlemen! 
 
 Will the Newspapers and Public at Last Discover 
 the Character of the Anti-Alcoholists? 
 
 It would be an easy matter to add to the catalogue 
 of lies fathered by the anti-alcoholists, such as the lies 
 
 119 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 in the school text-books on physiology deliberately per- 
 sisted in after their attention had been called to them 
 by the most eminent physiologists of the country; the 
 perjuries resorted to in persecuting liquor dealers, etc. 
 But that is not necessary at this point. In fact, I am 
 satisfied to leave the charging up of lies to such writ- 
 ers as those above quoted. I only hope the newspaper- 
 men of the country will awaken to the fact that they 
 are being deliberately, systematically and the pity of 
 it ! successfully "stuffed" almost every day of the year 
 by those fertile dreamers of dreams. Some of their 
 lies are being exposed. Will the newspapermen con- 
 tinue to believe their statements? In law there is a 
 principle falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus (false in one, 
 false in all). 
 
 A Masterly Document by the German Brewers' 
 Association, 
 
 I do not, as a rule, like to take examples from out- 
 side of this country when questions of policy are in- 
 volved, as conditions are very different in other coun- 
 tries. But there is an instance in point just now that 
 ought not to be passed over. In Germany there has 
 begun, in quite recent years, a similar fanatical anti- 
 alcoholist movement as in America, The German 
 brewers, however, do not sit idly by and allow this 
 propaganda to gain such terrific headway as it has 
 done here. Although the movement of the "antis" re- 
 mains as yet quite insignificant, the German brewers 
 have already begun active work to check it. Elsewhere 
 in this issue is printed passages from an open letter 
 by Mr. Henrich, of Frankfort, president of the Ger- 
 man brewers' association, which I can commend to the 
 careful consideration of every American brewer. That 
 letter, and especially the reply to Mr. Hansen's an- 
 swer, is a masterpiece of defense of the brewing trade. 
 
 120 
 
Immorality of Anti-Drink Position. 
 
 It brings out, in fine style, what "The Growler" has 
 frequently enlarged upon in these columns. It refers 
 more particularly to the intangible, imponderable things 
 in life, the higher life, those matters which cannot be 
 expressed in terms of economic efficiency or money 
 making power, but rest in the ideal part of human 
 nature, that part which the anti-alcoholist persistently 
 ignores. 
 
 It is a matter of gratification to find these aspects 
 of the alcohol question handled by such an authority, 
 not only because he handles them with consummate 
 skill, but because he makes them the chief defense of 
 the brewing business. That is a line which the Ameri- 
 can brewer has heretofore sadly neglected. 
 
 The economic aspect of the question, on the other 
 hand, is made far less prominent. And therein also 
 the American brewer might do well to learn from Mr. 
 Henrich, if he refuses to accept the advice given by 
 American writers, as he has heretofore done. What 
 does the economic argument amount to? Do you ex- 
 pect to stop the anti-alcohol propaganda by calling at- 
 tention to the destruction of property values it involves, 
 the throwing out of employment of hundreds of thou- 
 sands of people, the depreciation of farm lands, and 
 such matters? Did these arguments carry any weight 
 in Maine, in Iowa, in Kansas ? What did similar argu- 
 ments avail against the agitation for the abilition of 
 slavery? Was not the freeing of the slaves the de- 
 struction of the greater part of the wealth of the south- 
 ern states, the impoverishment of hundred of thousands 
 of people, the wiping out of land values, and general 
 economic ruin? And how far did those arguments go 
 at that time, as against those which appealed to the 
 better nature of man, the ideals of a higher culture? 
 
 Not that the economic argument should be entirely 
 ignored ! But the arguments based upon psychical and 
 
 121 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much:' 
 
 ideal grounds and addressed to those things which go 
 to elevating the standards of living, health, happiness, 
 morality and the joy of living, should be the main 
 part of the brewer's defense of his business. 
 
 How paltry the arguments of the anti-alcoholists 
 appear when viewed in the light of these things of the 
 mind and the soul ! 
 
 Inhumanity and Immorality of the Anti-Alcoholist 
 Proposition. 
 
 Air. Henrich says the proposals of the anti-alcohol- 
 ists are "inhuman!" 
 
 He also says they are "immoral." 
 
 Yes, yes ! So they are, most emphatically. 
 
 What can be more inhuman than to destroy what 
 little comfort and joy the workingman can extract from 
 life by the indulgence in a glass of beer, warming up 
 his heart in the bosom of his family, or, if he is not 
 fortunate enough to have one, unfolding to him the 
 beauties of close companionship with his fellows? 
 
 And what can be more immoral than to strip life of 
 that which adorns it, that which raises man for a time 
 out of the dreariness of everyday life, out of the strug- 
 gle for wealth or economic efficiency the great watch- 
 word of the "antis" and permits him to indulge his 
 ideals, to follow his day dreams? Does not "the 
 dreamer live forever, and the toiler die in a day?" 
 Whence is he to get the inspiration for a moral life 
 but from his ideals, from the times when, as Henry 
 Watterson said, he "forgets for a time that he is no 
 longer one-and-twenty," when the fervor of youth for 
 all that is good and beautiful comes back upon him 
 and warms up the soul which is being slowly frozen 
 up in the icy flood of the struggle for bread and 
 wealth ? 
 
 122 
 
 & 
 
Cleaning Up. 
 
 As Byron says : 
 
 There's not a joy the world can give like that it takes away 
 When the glow of early thought declines in feeling's dull 
 
 decay * * * 
 
 That heavy chill has frozen o'er the fountain of our tears, 
 And though the eye may sparkle still, 'tis where the ice 
 
 appears. 
 
 Ohio Brewers are Following the Lead of Their 
 Texas Brethren. 
 
 It is cause for congratulation that, notwithstanding 
 the severe criticism of the Texas brewers by the liquor 
 publications, the Ohio brewers at their recent conven- 
 tion, after receiving a report from a committee sent 
 to investigate the working of the Texas plan, instruct- 
 ed their executive board at once to establish a bureau 
 for the purpose, among others, of looking up reports 
 of disorderly saloons and, where appeal to the proper 
 authorities failed to bring about reform, proceeding 
 against the offenders and stopping the conduct of such 
 places. 
 
 If I have any criticism to offer upon this action it is 
 only that it has been so long coming. The brewers 
 have for years been passing resolutions denouncing 
 the disorderly retail stands, and now that the public 
 has about lost faith in their sincerity in that regard, 
 they set about to show their earnestness. Well, let us 
 hope it is not too late to effect a real clean-up and to 
 convince the public that they mean business. And, 
 an important element will be not only to clean up 
 once, but to keep your house clean forever after. 
 
 It is true and that is one of the criticisms of this 
 course of action on the part of brewers that by pro- 
 ceeding in this way the brewers are doing what the 
 public prosecutors or the police ought to do. But, 
 would they do it, if the police or other officials were 
 
 123 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 not remiss in their duty? And if the public officials 
 are negligent, who gets the blame? The brewer! It 
 is going beyond the limits of ordinary business and 
 assuming a responsibility far beyond that of other 
 business men, as if, for instance, as I showed some 
 time ago, a dry goods dealer should refuse to sell 
 goods to a dressmaker who made clothes for ladies of 
 the half-world. But the brewer occupies an exceptional 
 position, and while there is, perhaps, no moral obli- 
 gation on his part to see that his goods are not put 
 to bad uses after he has sold them, nevertheless, it is 
 really a matter of self-protection to keep the retail 
 business clean. 
 
 Roosevelt's Crime of Drinking a Glass of Cham- 
 pagne at St. Louis. 
 
 President Roosevelt drank a glass of champagne at 
 a luncheon given in his honor at St. Louis last month. 
 Large amounts of telegraph toll were paid by the 
 newspapers of this country in publishing lengthy dis- 
 patches describing this event. A great many pulpits 
 the following Sunday rang with denunciations of his 
 act, numerous interviews were published, editorials 
 written, and altogether an awful rumpus was raised. 
 
 The fateful act is described as follows: 
 
 There was a tense moment at the Jefferson Hotel, St. 
 Louis, luncheon when it was put up to President Roosevelt 
 to drink his champagne or respond to a dry toast. 
 
 President Smith of the Business Men's League, holding 
 a glass of champagne above his head, said : "Gentlemen, I 
 pledge you the President of the United States." 
 
 All except the President rose to their feet and quaffed the 
 wine. 
 
 When they resumed their seats the President arose, he 
 reached out and grasped his well-filled glass, and brought 
 it close to his lips. Then, smiling quizzically, put it back 
 on the table and sat "down. 
 
 There was a murmur of applause, and several who had 
 124 
 
Morbid Public Sentiment. 
 
 left their glasses turned down said aloud : "He isn't going 
 to drink it." 
 
 Instantly the President rose to his feet again and lifted 
 the glass. 
 
 A second time it approached his lips, but this time it 
 did not stop. He took a sip of the wine and held the glass 
 poised. There was a burst of applause. This time his face 
 broke into a broad grin, and, bowing to President Smith, 
 with one gulp drained his glass. 
 
 Then he looked around the table as though defying a 
 challenge. There was none. Instead there was a burst of 
 applause fairly deafening, in which the ministers present 
 joined. 
 
 Putting his empty glass back on the table, the President 
 said: 
 
 "I want to thank you heartily for this splendid reception, 
 and through you I want to thank your great State." 
 
 Then, turning to Mr. Smith, he said : 
 
 "I want to propose a toast to the Business Men's League 
 and to express the wish that its ends may be achieved." 
 
 The toast was drunk standing, the President joining. 
 
 Gov. Folk drank all the toasts that were proposed. 
 
 The Fuss Raised Over Roosevelt's Drink Demon- 
 strates the Morbid State of Public Sentiment. 
 
 It is not my intention to argue the case or to throw 
 bouquets at Roosevelt. What strikes me as noteworthy 
 and symptomatic of conditions is, not the fact that 
 Roosevelt drank champagne or that a toast to the pres- 
 ident of the United States was drunk in champagne 
 think of drinking a toast to the president of the United 
 States in ice water! but the fact that this circum- 
 stance was considered of sufficient news value to pay 
 telegraph tolls on lengthy dispatches about it, and to 
 feature it on the first pages of a number of newspapers. 
 Furthermore, the fact that the president was practically 
 challenged to do this thing as if it was something out 
 of the way. 
 
 These are the facts that indicate the diseased condi- 
 tion of public opinion. If public opinion on the drink 
 
 125 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 question were healthy, there would have been no news 
 item in this commonplace incident, it would have been 
 considered perfectly natural and therefore not worthy' 
 of comment which it really was not that the health 
 of the representative of the Nation's sovereignty was 
 drunk in what is popularly considered the sovereign 
 of drinks. Unto the pure, all things are pure, while to 
 the prurient prude there is much nastiness. Where 
 the healthy mind will see in a picture a beautiful 
 woman, the morbid mind will see an undressed fe- 
 male. 
 
 Such is the state of public opinion, or rather senti- 
 ment, on the drink question, and until that sentiment is 
 rendered wholesome, the brewer will have a constant 
 fight on his hands against tremendous odds. At the 
 same time, there is no other effective remedy than to 
 attack and try to correct public sentiment. And this 
 can be done only by a fearless, aggressive, positive 
 campaign, on lines in agreement with modern science 
 and with the ideals of a higher culture than the me- 
 dieval one on which the anti-alcoholist rests his argu- 
 ments. 
 
 And, say, did you notice, away down at the end of 
 the report, the little note that "Governor Folk drank 
 all the toasts that were proposed?" 
 
 In ice water? 
 
 Nay! Nay! 
 
 Morality is the Child of Happiness, Not of Misery. 
 
 The history of morality shows clearly that it is not 
 poverty, privation, austerity, barrenness of life that has 
 developed moral ideas. Morality is the fruition of 
 happiness. The man who has dined is at peace with 
 the world, the man with the full dinner pail goes sing- 
 ing or whistling to his work. Clean streets make good 
 citizens. Smoke makes murderers, said Dr. W. T. 
 
 126 
 
Morality the Child of Happiness. 
 
 Talbot, of New Hampshire, recently in a meeting of 
 the Pennsylvania Homoeopathists state convention at 
 Pittsburg. He said in the course of his remarks : 
 
 As a city-bred boy I realize the difficulties confronting us 
 in keeping contamination from the urban atmosphere, but 
 you have little idea, perhaps, of the horrible oppression, 
 mentally and physically, suffered by one coming from the 
 New England hills to the smoke-burdened manufacturing 
 cities. The economic waste of adolescence in such a city 
 as Pittsburg, in depressing proper growth of children, is 
 so closely connected with moral obliquities that it is safe to 
 lay the vice and crime of city children largely to the in- 
 fluence of sewers, gas mains and belching chimneys. Every 
 manufacturer and railway director who allows his chimneys 
 and locomotives to vomit forth volumes of smoke is re- 
 sponsible in as large degree for the depression of vitality 
 which leads to suicide, larceny, robbery and even murder as 
 though he incited it directly. 
 
 A meal enjoyed "sets" well on the stomach. A 
 hearty laugh has cured many a case of dyspepsia. 
 Happiness begets good habits, and morality is habit. 
 The savage killed the other man whose goods he 
 coveted. After a while he found it more profitable 
 to let him live and trade with him. Thus developed 
 the "golden rule," considered today the supreme moral 
 law. Every educator knows how much easier it is to 
 make children good by keeping them happy and busy 
 than by keeping the rod in view. 
 
 He who would destroy the joy of living and the 
 comforts, cleanliness and general wholesomeness of 
 life, is the greatest enemy of morality, public and 
 private. His work is truly satanic. 
 
 E. H. Harriman gives much money and time to a 
 boys' club in New York which was recently described 
 in the Chicago Record-Herald by Wm. E. Curtis. 
 The manager of the club expressed his opinion that 
 recreation was the most important element in form- 
 
 127 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 ing character, which is putting in a little different 
 form what I endeavored to state above. 
 
 Temperance Especially is a Product of the Evolu- 
 tion of Higher Culture. 
 
 Temperance is that virtue above all others to which 
 all this applies most pointedly. It is the virtue typical 
 of civilized man, the man who has acquired comfort 
 and ease, as compared with the barbarian. Intemper- 
 ance is the typical besetting sin of the barbarian and 
 the savage. The heroes of the Homeric poems were 
 wonderful eaters and drinkers, but the Greek of the 
 classical period ate temperately, especially of meat, 
 and drank much less than his ancestors. Thor, the 
 ideal of the northern Teuton, on one occasion ate all 
 that was intended for an 'entire wedding feast, and 
 another time ate two whole oxen at one sitting, wash- 
 ing down the repast with generous quantities of ale, 
 and so scared his host that next day they went out and 
 caught two whales for dinner. It is not so very long 
 ago that it was the proper thing at a dinner party to 
 become "drunk as a lord," and among primitive people, 
 even in our own midst, to be a "hearty eater" is an ac- 
 complishment. It is one of the ideals of the human 
 mind on lower levels of culture. 
 
 Perhaps, it is that familiarity breeds contempt, or 
 that where there is plenty there is less desire. What 
 ever the cause, the fact is that temperance has grown 
 with the improvement of material environment and 
 with the greater comfort and happiness of life. For, 
 let us give up once for all the old legend about the 
 greater happiness and health of primitive man. That 
 is a nursery tale. 
 
 128 
 
A Nation of Sneaks? 
 
 Are We Going to be Turned Into a Nation of 
 Sneaks? 
 
 Efforts are to be made at the coming session of Con- 
 gress not only to force through the Littlefield bill, or 
 a similar one, placing interstate shipments of liquor 
 under state control; to forbid the issuing of liquor 
 dealers' tax stamps in "dry" states and districts, and 
 other measures aimed at the liquor traffic, but also to 
 make the District of Columbia itself dry. And the 
 possibility of such an enormity is discussed quite seri- 
 ously in the papers by the Washington correspondents. 
 
 In a letter on this subject in the Chicago Record- 
 Herald, the following passage is found : 
 
 Whether prohibition at the national capital would pro- 
 hibit is the same mooted question as in other parts of the 
 country. There is a sort of prohibition at the capitol build- 
 ing itself now, but it doesn't prohibit. When the canteen 
 was abolished the lawmakers generously at least willingly 
 did away with the sale of alcoholic drinks in the Senate 
 and House restaurants. 
 
 Now there is no liquor of any kind to be had in the 
 restaurants, but congressional tippling has been transferred 
 to the committee-rooms. The genial committee chairman 
 has his own little buffet, where he takes his nip and en- 
 tertains his friends. The change from open selling in the 
 cafes to the quiet trading in the committee-rooms also has 
 developed some expert cocktail mixers among the congress- 
 men; and if a committee chairman of convivial habits does 
 not do his own mixing the colored gentleman who acts as 
 janitor must embrace the art among the qualities fitting him 
 for his job. 
 
 Is it possible to imagine anything more demoraliz- 
 ing and disgraceful? Imagine the National legisla- 
 ture deliberately passing a law to prohibit liquor sell- 
 ing in the restaurants of the capitol, and then estab- 
 lishing a lot of private bars in their committee rooms ! 
 
 And we claim to be a nation of virility, of courage, 
 of convictions ! 
 
 If this keeps up we shall be a nation of sneaks ! 
 129 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much/' 
 
 (December i, 1907.) 
 True Modesty and True Temperance Are Similar. 
 
 "True modesty lies in the entire absence of thought 
 upon the subject," says T. H. LEWIN, in Wild Races 
 of Southeastern India, in discussing the origin of the 
 feeling of modesty or shame. "Among medical stu- 
 dents and artists," says EDWARD WESTERMARCK in His- 
 tory of Human Marriage, "the nude causes no extra- 
 ordinary emotion ; indeed ; FLAXMAN asserted that the 
 students in entering the academy seem to hang up 
 their passions along with their hats." 
 
 "Only that which is concealed excites," says W. F. 
 A. ZIMMERMAN in Die Inseln des indischen und stillen 
 Meeres, "and those who introduced in the Society 
 Islands the covering dress and secret indulgence and 
 concealment of the natural feelings, have certainly 
 not improved the morals." 
 
 "When the sight becomes accustomed to the ab- 
 sence of raiment," say HENRY ROWLEY, in Africa Un- 
 veiled, "your sense of propriety is far less offended 
 than in England, where ample clothing is made the 
 vehicle for asserting defiance, if not of actual law, 
 yet of the wishes and feelings of the more virtuous part 
 of the community." 
 
 "More harm, I think, is done," says W. PARKER 
 SNOW, in A Two Years' Cruise off Tier Y a del Fuego, 
 "by false modesty by covering and partly clothing, 
 than by the truth in nature always appearing as it is. 
 Intermingling with savages of wild lands who do 
 not clothe, gives one, I believe, less impure and sensual 
 feelings than the merely mixing with society of a 
 higher kind." 
 
 "Where all men go naked," says G. FORSTER in 
 A Voyage Round the World, "as for instance, in New 
 Holland, custom familiarizes them to each other's 
 
 130 
 
Modesty and Temperance. 
 
 eyes as much as if they went wholly wrapped in gar- 
 ments." 
 
 "There is nothing voluptuous/' says W. WINWOOD 
 READE in Savage Africa, "in the excessive deshabille 
 of an equatorial girl, nothing being so moral and so 
 unlikely to excite the passions as nakedness." 
 
 Speaking of the naked women of New Ireland, Dr. 
 ZIMMERMANN (above quoted) says: "Indeed, I must 
 say that after a short time, after an habituation which 
 is by no means long, one finds nothing objectionable 
 in this total absence of clothing. I have often noticed 
 that the dress of a (European) lady which was not 
 cut according to the prevailing style, attracted my no- 
 tice more strongly than did the entire absence of cloth- 
 ing in the inhabitants of the tropical islands. It should 
 be added that these people give the observer no cause 
 whatever to think of anything improper. A European 
 woman, if left on one of these happy islands and de- 
 prived of her clothes, would, even after many years' 
 sojourn in such regions place her hands before her 
 breast or other parts and by this very desire to con- 
 ceal would attract attention to that which she tried 
 to hide." 
 
 These are a few citations showing what practically 
 all trained observers report. 
 
 What is true concerning sexual morality applies 
 equally to the morality of eating and drinking and to 
 almost all other departments of morals. If true mod- 
 esty lies in the absence of all thought upon the subject, 
 true temperance lies in the practice of using the good 
 things of the world within proper limits without any 
 conscious self-restraint. Such a condition of mind 
 and character is the result of habit and training. 
 The person habituated to the temperate use of things 
 will not, unless he is afflicted with a defective con- 
 
 131 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 stitution as the result of degeneracy or unfortunate 
 environment, feel any inclination to go to excess. 
 
 On the other hand, the person who has been brought 
 up to look upon the use of any of the good things of 
 the world as improper, while knowing or at least sus- 
 pecting that they are enjoyable, will be constantly under 
 an artificial restraint, his nature will be stunted in 
 some way, and if he does taste of the forbidden joy he 
 is extremely likely to go to excess and, his whole nature 
 being out of proper balance, to become a ready candi- 
 date for the hospital, the jail, or the asylum. It was 
 Bluebeard's prohibition from opening a certain cham- 
 ber that created the irresistible desire to look in, as we 
 all learned when we read the Arabian Nights. As Dr. 
 Zimmermann says, the desire to conceal serves only to 
 attract attention. 
 
 But that is not all. While stimulating desire and 
 attracting attention to the object of desire, the en- 
 forced abstinence from it also impairs the power of 
 resistance to it. The stunted nature is thrown out 
 of balance, and thus prepared for more ready moral 
 decline and failure. Unbalanced, inharmonious devel- 
 opment is the surest road to mental and moral in- 
 capacity. The greatest specialists are those who build 
 their specialties upon a foundation of general harmon- 
 ious education. The specialist who knows nothing but 
 his specialty as a rule amounts to little and preserves 
 through life a distorted view of things, having never 
 acquired a proper sense of proportion. 
 
 It is axiomatic that to protect one from injurious 
 influence by the weather one must be hardened to such 
 influence. A hot-house plant or a hot-house child will 
 not be able to resist the cold of winter or the moisture 
 of rain and mist. Likewise, to remove everything that 
 will call for exertion from a person's path will weaken 
 
 132 
 

 Tendency to Coddle. 
 
 the nerves and muscles and prevent the development 
 of moral stamina. The result is a spoiled child, the 
 worst contribution to society that a citizen can make. 
 
 Let Us Not Make Mollycoddles Out of all the 
 People. 
 
 Yet, there seems to be a disposition to make spoiled, 
 nerveless children of all of us. If anybody does any- 
 thing wrong, we do not try to strengthen the person, 
 but to remove the object over which he stumbled. 
 The spirit which is back of the principle of prohibition 
 as to the use of alcoholic drink crops out in many other 
 places. 
 
 A short time ago a certain Italian singer less prom- 
 inent than his countryman Caruso, was arrested in the 
 monkey house in Central Park in New York City on 
 charges similar to those which brought unenviable 
 notoriety upon his more famous compatriot. A few 
 days after the event, a big newspaper had an editorial 
 paragraph saying that "New York might do worse 
 than abolish its monkey house altogether." 
 
 You see, it was the fault of the monkey house! 
 
 A few days afterwards a well known Chicagoan 
 who had been mixed up in a divorce case, said it was 
 due to his automobile. 
 
 Of course, it was the fault of the automobile, not 
 of its owner or user ! 
 
 Within a few days more, a clergyman declared that 
 skating rinks were worse than public dance halls in 
 endangering the safety of girls. 
 
 Of course, it was the fault of the skating rink ! 
 
 When the bicycle craze was at its height, there were 
 people who opposed the use of bicycles because it was 
 dangerous to have boys and girls go out riding to- 
 gether. 
 
 Of course, it was the fault of the bicycle! 
 133 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much! 9 
 
 Therefore, the prohibitionist would argue, away with 
 zoological gardens, automobiles, skating rinks, bicycles ! 
 The only safe thing for a person to do is to sit at 
 home and twirl his thumbs. Perhaps even that is 
 too much activity. He might twist his thumbs out of 
 joint. 
 
 I know the anti-drink "fans" do not think highly 
 of President Roosevelt, but I confess I prefer his 
 doctrine of the "strenuous life" to the mollycoddle 
 teachings of the antis. I am even glad to learn that 
 the W. C. T. U. denied that he sent them a telegram 
 of congratulation on the success of the prohibition 
 movement in Oklahoma. The report that he sent such 
 a telegram seemed incredible anyway. For Roose- 
 velt is a man of action, and as such his principles are 
 necessarily opposed to those who believe in making 
 people good by compelling them to do nothing. 
 
 The Alcohol Question is Above all Things a Great 
 Moral Question. 
 
 The more I think about the alcohol question the 
 stronger does the conviction become that it is, above 
 all other things, a great moral question. And I can- 
 not refrain from saying again to the brewers that the 
 most important part of the work before them is to 
 attack the anti-drink forces on the moral side. When- 
 ever you get into a discussion of the question you find 
 that the person on the other side proceeds upon the 
 basis that those who oppose the use of alcoholic drink 
 represent a higher moral standpoint, and that those 
 who defend such use are merely apologizing for the 
 indulgence of a more or less improper carnal ap- 
 petite. If you allow the discussion to proceed under 
 such conditions you have conceded the most import- 
 ant point in the controversy and placed yourself at a 
 disadvantage which no subsequent argument can over- 
 
 134 
 
A Great Moral Question. 
 
 come. The first and most important step in the en- 
 tire argument is to deny absolutely the claim of the 
 anti-alcoholists to that moral superiority which they 
 assume; to show, in fact, that so far from being 
 superior, their standpoint is decidedly inferior, medie- 
 val, a survival of a lower culture. We who stand for 
 temperance not only in the use of alcoholic drink, but 
 of all things, are defending a far higher moral stand- 
 point than those who would compel all men to move 
 into hot-houses in order to save a few unfortunate de- 
 fectives. There are other viewpoints from which the 
 drink question must be discussed, and they all have 
 their measure of importance. But it is the moral, the 
 social, and the psycho-physiological viewpoints upon 
 which the matter will be in the main decided. 
 
 The idea of modern education is to do away with 
 the old medieval practice of suppression rather than 
 development. The educator of old was continually 
 saying "don't/' The educator of today says "do!" 
 and proceeds to* give his pupils the right things to do. 
 The rod is no longer prominently displayed. On the 
 contrary, it is believed that the school teacher who can- 
 not get along without corporal punishment is out of 
 date and should be retired. 
 
 This principle is making headway in other depart- 
 ments of thought and even in matters of government. 
 I was interested in finding in an article in Collier's 
 for November 30, describing the fight of Gifford Pin- 
 chot, head of the U. S. Forest Service for the preserva- 
 tion of the National forests, the following paragraph : 
 
 In the old days the signboards on the forest reserves 
 emphasized the penalty for starting forest fires as well as 
 for stealing timber. But the offender was in no danger 
 of being caught in the wilderness, and he knew it. The 
 black-letter headline of the present signboard is Caution 
 instead of Fine. It aims to make the reader realize that 
 it is his own forest which he may destroy if he leaves a 
 
 135 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much. 3 ' 
 
 camp-fire smoldering or throws a lighted match into dry 
 grass. 
 
 But when it comes to approaching the liquor ques- 
 tion, Collier's leaves its reason behind and acts upon 
 prejudice. Most people seem utterly unable to think 
 straight when the drink question is involved. 
 
 The Barbarism and Paganism of Anti-Drink 
 Agitation. 
 
 If properly approached, it ought not to be difficult 
 to convince the ordinary intelligent person that the 
 demand for the suppression of the liquor traffic and 
 of the public vending places for liquor implies a 
 reactionary tendency, a gravitation towards a lower 
 level of culture. 
 
 When the savage or the barbarian, in consequence 
 of his unwholesome manner of living, fell ill, he was 
 believed to be possessed by a demon, and the medicine 
 man or shaman was called to exercise and cast out 
 the demon. Where modern man sees but the results 
 of the patient's own misstep, the primitive mind laid 
 it to some outside power which man could not resist. 
 
 This paganism or barbaric form of thought still 
 survives in many instances. And we hear many people 
 who claim to be Christians and to have emerged en- 
 tirely from paganism, speak of the "Demon Rum" 
 or the "Drink Devil." They represent it as an unholy 
 force, external and hostile to man, from which it is 
 necessary to rescue and protect us. 
 
 Did you ever see a fond mother pick up her baby 
 which, toddling with uncertain steps, had stumbled 
 against a chair and fallen and hurt itself, and take 
 a stick and hit the "naughty" chair for hurting the 
 dear little baby ? 
 
 136 
 
Barbaric and Pagan Views. 
 
 Will it help baby to see such action? Would not 
 baby be safer if it was told to use its eyes the next 
 time? 
 
 The prohibitionist will answer it is but a figure of 
 speech when he declaims against the "Demon Rum." 
 But it is not ! He may not himself, nor desire his 
 audience to, fancy the figure of a black demon with a 
 tail, a cloven hoof and a pair of horns. But he retains 
 the kernel of the primitive conception, the idea that it 
 is a power external and hostile to man. He proposes 
 to whip the chair instead of telling baby to use its 
 eyes. He wants to kill the devil, to do away with the 
 monster that threatens him and his hearers. He 
 coddles the criminal who tells him it was drink that 
 ruined him. 
 
 Will he tell the thieving bank cashier it was the 
 gold that seduced him? Many men have fallen on ac- 
 count of it. It must be a demon. The man is not to 
 be blamed. 
 
 Views of a Liberal Churchman on the Anti-Saloon 
 Fight. 
 
 As against this barbaric view of the drink question 
 it is refreshing to find utterances from clergymen who 
 take the modern, civilized, truly moral, and, to my 
 mind, religious view of the matter, as did Selden P. 
 Delaney, dean of All Saints Cathedral in Milwaukee, 
 in a recent editorial sermon in the Evening Wisconsin. 
 In answer to the question, "What attitude ought the 
 Christian to take toward this war on the saloon?" 
 he says, among other very sensible things, that some 
 saloons are not dangerous, and some are, but "the 
 latter are dangerous, not because they sell alcoholic 
 drinks, but because they are run by unscrupulous men, 
 and supported by the vicious classes, who use them as 
 
 137 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 places where they may carry on their dastardly work 
 in secret." 
 
 As to the proposition, to close all the saloons in 
 order to get rid of the dangerous ones, he says it is 
 like using a sledge hammer to drive a tack into the 
 wall. 
 
 His final answer to his question in this : "The duty 
 of the Christian is clear. He ought to take an in- 
 telligent and enthusiastic part in the movement to 
 regulate the liquor traffic, and to keep it within the 
 bounds of decency and moderation. He can best do 
 this by trying to confine the attack to the dangerous 
 saloons." 
 
 To all of which we say "Amen I" 
 
 The Anti-Saloon Fight is a Reactionary Class Move- 
 ment. 
 
 The fight of the anti-saloon men is not only bar- 
 barism. It is reactionary also because it is a class 
 movement. It is an attempt to array the well-to-do 
 against the poorer people. The anti-saloonist does not, 
 at present, work to prohibit the use of alcoholic drink 
 entirely. What he is fighting is the saloon. He ap- 
 parently is willing, for the present, at least, that the 
 well-to-do should have their drink in their clubs or 
 in their homes, but the poor man who has no club and 
 who cannot afford to buy supplies in quantity must be 
 shut off from its use. The man who buys his coal 
 by the ton may buy wine or beer by the case or whisky 
 by the gallon or bottle. But the man who buys his 
 coal by the bushel must not buy beer by the glass. 
 
 It is always an unpleasant thing to pose as the 
 "workingman's friend/' Whenever one undertakes to 
 do so, one is at once under suspicion of insincerity. 
 The well-to-do suspect him of ulterior motives, and 
 the workingman himself resents the patronizing air 
 
 138 
 
Reactionary Class Movement. 
 
 of his self-constituted "friend." But if there ever 
 was a case where the attitude was justified it is the 
 present. Nothing is clearer than that the restriction of 
 saloons, the Sunday closing, shorter hours on week 
 days, etc., have not, while saloons are allowed, tended 
 to diminish the consumption of beer. The increase of 
 beer production for the last year is close to four mil- 
 lion barrels, and for the preceding year it was over five 
 million. About one-fourth of this amount goes into 
 bottles, and the bulk of the bottle beer goes to private 
 houses, clubs and hotels. This shows that as long as 
 there is beer to be had, those who can afford to buy 
 in quantity will have it in bottled form. If the saloons 
 were closed, they would not suffer greatly. Those 
 who cannot or do not buy in quantity would be the 
 sufferers. In defending the saloon, therefore, the 
 brewer is not waging an altogether selfish fight. He is 
 defending the comfort, the joy of living to which the 
 masses are entitled not only in the same, but perhaps 
 in greater measure than the well-to-do classes, for the 
 latter have more opportunity for enjoyment anyway. 
 
 The jests of anti-saloon orators and publishers and 
 of the daily press about the saloon as the poor man's 
 club appear inane and senseless as against the fact 
 that all students of the liquor problem are agreed on 
 this point that the saloon supplies the social wants of 
 the masses better than any other institution. Such is 
 the unanimous verdict of all honest investigators, 
 sociologists, settlement workers, or whatever the form 
 in which they have come into contact with the prob- 
 lem. If our newspapers were better informed on the 
 subject which they should be if the brewers had put 
 the information within easy reach by a comprehensive 
 campaign of publicity we should not find cartoons 
 and funny paragraphs to ridicule the idea of the poor 
 man's club. 
 
 139 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much/' 
 
 I am not fond of using the catchwords that have 
 been coined in certain quarters, but it does seem that 
 the anti-saloon movement is well characterized as a 
 fight of the "classes against the masses." That this 
 is felt by the people at whom, individually, the fight 
 is aimed, is well illustrated by an article reprinted 
 elsewhere in this issue from the Labor World, of 
 Pittsburg. In the course of that aricle it is said that 
 "local option is, indeed, a workingman's question." 
 "The principle that underlies local option," says the 
 writer, "is exactly the principle against which organ- 
 ized labor has been most desperately fighting since 
 long before the eighteenth century. It is, therefore, 
 quite correct to say that trade unionism is not com- 
 patible with the principle of local option, for the aim 
 of the latter is to prevent a citizen or several citizens 
 from exercising a personal inherent right, the exercis- 
 ing of which only concerns his or their own personal 
 tastes." 
 
 The assumption of the anti-saloonists to act as 
 guardians of the morals of the American workingman 
 is indignantly rebuked in the same article, the writer 
 of which shows a better understanding of the nature 
 of the problem than the anti-saloonists when speaking 
 of the "infinitesimal minority" who abuse the right to 
 indulge in alcoholic drink, he says: "This small mi- 
 nority would be drunkards under any conditions, 
 prohibition or otherwise. * * * They simply live 
 to debauch in some shape or form. Labor as a whole 
 most certainly does not want the general community 
 to be fettered and shackled because of these few men." 
 
 By Insisting on Abstinence Employers Will Get 
 Inferior Workmen. 
 
 It is being more commonly claimed nowadays that 
 the anti-drink movement of today is no longer an 
 
 140 
 
Winnowing Out the Inferiors. 
 
 emotional affair, but based on economic grounds, and 
 that employers of labor insist on abstinence among their 
 employes. The word "abstinence" is not used. Gen- 
 erally the word "sobriety" or some synonym occurs. 
 But the impression is sought to be conveyed that 
 abstinence is meant. If this is the case, it were time 
 the working people pulled themselves together and took 
 action in regard to the matter. 
 
 That employers have a right to demand sobriety 
 on the part of their employes will not be denied. But 
 sobriety does not mean total abstinence. And what- 
 ever else may be granted, no workingman ought to 
 allow his actions to be arbitrarily controlled outside 
 of the time of his employment. Employers no doubt 
 do not realize what they are doing. If they demand 
 total abstinence outside of working hours on the part 
 of men who enjoy alcoholic drink and are accustomed 
 to its use, they will either drive them to secret indulg- 
 ence with all its degrading influences or will deprive 
 them of a useful and harmless pleasure and wholesome 
 indulgence and thus materially diminish their mental 
 and physical buoyancy and hence their efficiency dur- 
 ing working hours. If, on the other hand, they employ 
 only total abstainers, they will winnow out from a 
 generally healthy population the abnormal and de- 
 fective natures and thus secure inferior material for 
 their employ. For intolerance for alcohol is a mark 
 of degeneracy, and abstinence not based on actual in- 
 tolerance of alcohol argues lack of moral control or 
 lack of capacity to enjoy, either of which indicates 
 a weaker and inferior nature than the normal. 
 
 Southern Prohibition is Class Legislation. 
 
 The character of the anti-saloon movement as a 
 fight of the "classes against the masses" receives fur- 
 
 141 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much:' 
 
 ther illustration from the laws of the two most recent 
 accessions to the ranks of prohibition states. 
 
 In Georgia, where the prohibition law goes into 
 effect January i, not the slightest pretense is made 
 that the law is intended to interfere with the use of 
 alcoholic drink in private residences. The existing 
 social clubs of Atlanta, moreover, have entered into 
 an agreement to introduce the locker system. Each 
 member may have a locker and may stock it with 
 liquor according to his wishes, the club paying a 
 license of $500 to the state. He may use these liquors 
 for himself, and of course may entertain friends. 
 Probably it will be as in other clubs where the system 
 prevails. Liquor will be free to everybody who can 
 afford to buy it by the gallon, the bottle or the case. 
 He need not serve himself, but can have it served 
 by club attendants from his own locker, and if he is 
 not there, he can authorize his friends to sign his name 
 so that they can use his locker. Besides, what is to 
 prevent one member from lending his bottle to another 
 who has not been forehanded enough to keep his locker 
 properly stocked? 
 
 Fourteen locker club licenses have been issued in 
 Savannah. 
 
 The Alabama prohibition law contains this para- 
 graph : 
 
 Sec. 12. That the provisions of this act shall not prohibit 
 the social serving of liquors and beverages mentioned in 
 this act in private residences in ordinary social intercourse. 
 
 In addition, a bill has been passed exempting from 
 the operation of the prohibition law the existing social 
 clubs. 
 
 And in the face of this barefaced class legislation, 
 intended to deprive the negro and the "white trash" 
 of the use of alcoholic drink while preserving the right 
 of the well-to-do to indulge as heretofore, we are told 
 
 142 
 
Whole sameness of Alcoholic Drink. 
 
 by people who pretend merely to publish "facts," that 
 the prohibition movement in the south is genuine and 
 that the white man is willing to forego the indulgence 
 in drink for the benefit of his poor black brother ! 
 
 Well, the South shall lie on the bed of its own 
 making. Already travelers tell us, the cocaine habit 
 is spreading alarmingly among the negroes, as it has 
 done in all prohibition states and districts. 
 
 The Usefulness and Wholesomeness of Alcoholic 
 Drink Must be Shown to the Public. 
 
 Evidence continues to multiply that it is necessary 
 for the brewers to take up the defense of their business 
 not in the sense of apologizing for a necessary evil, 
 but by bringing out the usefulness and wholesomeness 
 of the temperate use of beer. Although much has 
 been said in the daily papers during the past month 
 in commendation of the stand taken by the brewers 
 in favor of cleaning up the retail business, still the 
 general tone of the editorial remarks shows that the 
 writers are not familiar with the positive aspects of 
 the problem, but only with some of the negative ones, 
 they deal with the use of liquor as an ineradicable 
 practice, but nowhere recognize its necessary, useful 
 and wholesome features. 
 
 Here is a characteristic utterance from an editorial 
 in the Rockford (111.) Star of December 8, 1907: 
 
 What then is the definition of this thoroughly organized 
 and popularly backed agitation to put the saloon out of 
 business? Is it not that the great masses have come to 
 realize that the dramshop has produced no good and that 
 only an endless string of ills come from it? Have they 
 not concluded that a business ivhich serves no useful pur- 
 pose and whose aptest champion can not give it credit for an 
 atom of wholesomeness , should no longer be controlled or 
 restricted but wiped out altogether? 
 
 143 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 The words to which I want to call atte'urm nave 
 been italicized. 
 
 Now, that is precisely the point on which I have 
 been harping for the last three years in these columns. 
 It is this oblique moral view of the whole liquor prob- 
 lem that we must correct. The social settlement 
 workers blame the anti-drink "fans" because they 
 w ! ant to abolish the saloons without offering to put 
 anything in its place to answer the social needs of the 
 massess. Are we not guilty of a similar omission on 
 our side, if we neglect to furnish the positive argu- 
 ment, showing that we do not apologize in a merely 
 negative way for the saloon as a necessary evil, but 
 insisting upon and explaining the positive uses of 
 alcoholic beverages as supplying what is and always 
 has been a cultural need? 
 
 We are in a position to controvert the statement 
 of the Rockford Star that the business serves no use- 
 ful purpose and that its aptest champion cannot give 
 it credit for an atom of wholesomeness. A study of 
 the drink question will readily convince any open- 
 minded person that the contrary is true, that a great 
 deal can be and has been said by the champions of 
 the temperate use of alcoholic drink and of the saloon, 
 which does show its usefulness and wholesomeness, 
 aye, its necessity, for the widest cultural development, 
 and that an overwhelming preponderance of scientific 
 evidence, moral philosophy and sociological study 
 strongly favors the use of alcoholic drink. 
 
 But this material has been allowed to be on the shelf, 
 or. at least, has been discussed within the ranks of 
 those already convinced, if not informed, of the pro- 
 priety of the business in which they are engaged. Is 
 it not time this knowledge were scattered broadcast 
 among the people ? 
 
 144 
 
BILLY J. CLARK, founder of the first temperance society in the United 
 (After a print in The Defender.) 
 
Improve the Saloons. 
 
 (February i, 1908.) 
 The Saloon Should Not be Abolished but Improved. 
 
 I have not heretofore devoted any space to the 
 editorials that have lately appeared in Collier's on the 
 subject of the saloon and the work of the anti-saloon 
 league. On the whole, these editorials could not have 
 been discussed without pulling them to pieces entirely. 
 There is one, however, in the issue of January 18, 
 which contains not more than two or three statements 
 that are out of harmony with the facts or conclusions 
 that are out of the bounds of reason. When the 
 amount of erroneous statements and unwarranted con- 
 clusions is reduced so far that it can be sifted out it is 
 possible and proper to discuss the matter. Here is 
 the editorial in question : 
 
 Notwithstanding their protest that prohibition does not 
 hurt their business, notwithstanding the fact that Internal 
 revenue figures show increased sales of malt and spirituous 
 liquors in 1907 over 19x36, brewers, distillers and wholesale 
 liquor dealers are girding their loins. Never before has any 
 one been able to make the "liquor interests" stand together 
 on anything, but common danger has brought about common 
 interest. Brewer and distiller are shoulder to shoulder to 
 dispute to open territory left to them. The brewers are 
 especially active, and the brewers, among the larger inter- 
 ests, are mainly responsible for the degradation of the Amer- 
 ican saloon ; the small, local brewers ; that is, not the big 
 ones who ship their beer far away. As the brewers deal 
 with the lighter and less harmful form of alcoholic bever- 
 ages this bad leadership or influence bears the look of para- 
 dox. But the manufacturers and distributers of spirits, mak- 
 ing an imperishable and comparatively concentrated product, 
 are in only distant touch with the saloon-keepers ; while the 
 brewers, with their bulky and perishable goods, must main- 
 tain close touch. This contact with their customers, to- 
 gether with an intemperate race for business among brew- 
 eries, has begotten a system to which many of the in- 
 creasing evils of the saloon business are due. When a few 
 years ago the saloon-keepers of Chicago made a declara- 
 
 145 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 tioii of their business, as required by state law, five thou- 
 sand out of eight thousand stated that they were "agents 
 for breweries." It is the consequent degradation which has 
 driven "drinking" men, south and west, to vote with the 
 Prohibitionists, for nothing is more certain about this 
 "Prohibition wave" than that it acquires its great strength 
 not from pure hatred of strong drink, but from hostility 
 to our system of distribution the American saloon. 
 
 The brewers never claim that prohibition does not 
 hurt their business. It is the distillers, and in their 
 case the claim may be true. The brewers, on the con- 
 trary, have always insisted that prohibition and strongly 
 restrictive legislation works to cut off the use of beer 
 and promote the use of spirits, and very seriously 
 handicaps their business. 
 
 True, Collier's very adroitly puts its statement in 
 such a way as to create the impression that the brewers 
 make the claim that prohibition does not hurt their 
 business, while leaving the door open to the technical 
 defense that this was not intended to apply specifically 
 to the brewers. Such disingenuous argument is quite 
 in line with what we commonly meet on the anti-drink 
 side. 
 
 But even as to the distillers' side of the case, while 
 prohibition does not reduce their business, according 
 to good authority among themselves, it is nevertheless 
 natural that they should oppose prohibition. And I 
 believe they do. It is natural that the distiller should 
 prefer to do a business which is not only in technical 
 compliance with the laws, but also in full accord with 
 the spirit of the law and with good morals. That is 
 quite sufficient reason for him to oppose prohibition. 
 The distiller is as good a citizen as any other business 
 man and quite as much interested in the maintenance 
 of social order. 
 
 146 
 
Influences Keeping the Dive. 
 
 The Brewer's Responsibility is Only Partial. 
 
 It is not true that the brewer is "mainly responsible 
 for the degradation of the American saloon, the small 
 local brewer, that is, not the big ones who ship their 
 beer far away." 
 
 As to any difference in this matter between the local 
 brewer whom every one in town knows and generally 
 respects, who is in constant touch with his neighbors, 
 who is always solicited for contributions for any public 
 enterprise, and consulted about business ventures, on 
 the one hand, and the shipping brewer who has no 
 local ties, on the other well, if there is any difference 
 it is more likely to be in favor of the local brewer. 
 But I do not believe there is any difference. 
 
 However, that is immaterial. The main point is 
 that the brewer is not mainly responsible for the deg- 
 radation of the saloon. If he were, the saloon should 
 have become worse as the control of breweries over it 
 extended. The contrary is the case. The saloon of 
 today is much better than the saloon of frontier days. 
 Every one in Chicago knows that the saloons here are 
 much better now than they were twenty years ago. 
 The general advance in culture naturally effects an 
 uplift all along the line, whether it is street cars, office 
 buildings, street pavements, the regulation of the 
 learned professions, the character of public officials, 
 or the operation of saloons. 
 
 Other Influences Tending to Keep the Disorderly 
 Saloon Alive. 
 
 There has been great advance in temperance in the 
 last fifty years, the efforts of the militiant total-ab- 
 stainers to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 There are two other influences that have much to 
 do with preventing the complete cleaning up of the 
 retail liquor trade. One is the fact that the unreason- 
 
 147 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much/' 
 
 ing agitation against the business and the social stigma 
 which has come to attach to it to an extent, have 
 served to drive out and keep out some persons of char- 
 acter whose places have been taken by persons of in- 
 ferior character, thus leaving in the business a small 
 minority of disorderly saloons. The other influence 
 is the desire of the low politician to keep disorderly 
 saloons in existence for purposes of "pull" and "graft." 
 
 I do not deny the "intemperate race for business 
 among breweries." They have been no better and no 
 worse than the insurance companies, the railroad com- 
 panies, the packers, and many others who have not 
 yet incurred the wrath of the public. Did any one 
 suggest, the abolition of packing houses on account of 
 the abuses existing in them? They got a cleaning up, 
 and the big ones at least are better off to-day than 
 before. 
 
 Why, then, must the saloon be abolished? Perhaps 
 it would be well to introduce the French cafe or the 
 German tavern. But that is a matter of evolution of 
 habits, not a matter of law. The process is going on 
 now. The cafe, the resturant, the amusement park, 
 are gradually displacing the bar room. Concerted ac- 
 tion to hasten this process seems at present out of the 
 question when there are as many amateur reformers 
 denouncing the drinking of alcoholic beverages by 
 women in public as there are those who denounce their 
 doing it at home. The public, and especially our news- 
 papers and magazines, will have to do a great deal of 
 studying before they can view the drink question as 
 do the real students of it, among whom there is little 
 dispute as to the tendencies which it is desirable to 
 develop. Some states and cities prohibit chairs and 
 tables in bar-rooms, thus hindering the rational de- 
 velopment of temperance. Some favor publicity of 
 drinking, others favor privacy. Some shorten the 
 
 148 
 
Study the Drink Question. 
 
 hours and thus promote concentrated drinking of con- 
 centrated beverages. Some enforce secrecy and thus 
 encourage the bottle as against the schooner. 
 
 The Drink Question Must be Studied Before Legis- 
 lation is Enacted. 
 
 While this chaos of laws and of opinion prevails, 
 what can be hoped of legislation ? Before we can have 
 rational legislation we must have study. No law was 
 ever passed in the United States in regard to the 
 liquor traffic, except the Federal tax laws and they 
 were proposed by the brewers themselves that was 
 based on exhaustive study. It has all been hap-hazard, 
 hysterical, slam-bang legislation without knowledge of 
 the facts and, for the most part, without even any 
 desire for knowledge. A member of a state legislature 
 once said to me: "We do not deal with the liquor 
 traffic in the scientific way you do. We simply go on 
 the theory of hitting it whenever we get a chance." 
 
 The drink question has an anthropological or social 
 side, a physiological, a moral, a political, an economic 
 and a fiscal. It enters into almost every department of 
 life. It must be studied from all sides. Only when 
 that is done can we hope to get out of the horrible 
 mess into which our present crazy-quilt legislation has 
 brought the matter. 
 
 Until our newspaper and magazine writers, our 
 public men and our reformers are willing to study the 
 matter thoroughly, admitting scientific men and real 
 students of the drink question, brewers, distillers, 
 wholesalers and retailers or their representatives, into 
 their councils as is done when any other business is 
 studied, though none needs it so much and the people 
 in the trade are given credit for being decent and 
 wanting to do a proper business until that time comes, 
 the only sane thing to do is to enforce existing laws. 
 
 149 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 In most cases they are adequate at least to maintain 
 order, if honestly enforced, and there is no sense in 
 talking about the abolition of the saloon until some- 
 thing else is offered to take its place. Enforce the laws, 
 and you will have the support of the brewers. There 
 may be a black sheep here and there among them. 
 There is in every trade. But speaking for the brew- 
 ing trade as a whole, they want the laws enforced. 
 Their motto is "not strict laws liberally enforced, but 
 liberal laws strictly enforced." 
 
 There are other things to account for the "prohibi- 
 tion wave," however, than "hostility to our system of 
 distribution the American saloon." One is politics. 
 That is an important influence in the South. Vide 
 Wm. E. Curtis in the Chicago Record-Herald recently. 
 Another is fanaticism, fifty years of total abstinence 
 agitation, absolutely unopposed by any rational temper- 
 ance movement like that which was killed fifty years 
 ago by the prohibitionists. 
 
 The General Advance in Morals and Hygiene. 
 
 The main thing, however, as I have pointed out be- 
 fore, is the gradual progress of people in matters of 
 hygiene and morals, which progress is being misdirect- 
 ed by the militant anti-alcoholist in the line of his 
 little hobby, which really covers only a small, almost 
 insignificant part of the great movement, but by con- 
 centrating attention upon itself has been artificially 
 magnified and made to work for intemperance rather 
 than temperance, as I have before shown in these 
 columns. With progress in real temperance along the 
 whole line, chiefly in eating, next in business keep- 
 ing the chase after the dollar within rational bounds 
 then in the selfish pursuit of pleasure at the cost of 
 real, profound, unselfish joy, the shirking of burdens, 
 
 ISO 
 
Moral and Hygienic Progress. 
 
 etc., etc., with progress of temperance in these things 
 will come true temperance in that which is least of 
 them in importance, although among the most salient 
 drink. 
 
 Will come? Nay, it is coming, and to a great ex- 
 tend, has come. Compare the drinking habits of today 
 with those of fifty years ago, when it was good form 
 to wind up a dinner party under the table, and the 
 saying "drunk as a lord" described a real condition! 
 Or even twenty years ago, when* a drummer could not 
 do business without plying his customers liberally with 
 eating, drinking and cigars ! 
 
 When your boy misbehaves, correct him. Do not 
 kill him. 
 
 If the saloon misbehaves, correct it, do not abolish 
 it. It fills a very important social need of the time ac- 
 cording to the unanimous opinion of settlement and 
 charity workers, economists, philanthropists and all 
 who have sanely examined into the question. 
 
 "Sane and Reasonable" Methods in Prohibition 
 Agitation. 
 
 We have seen much in the papers lately about the 
 "sane and reasonable" methods by which recent pro- 
 hibition victories were won, as compared to the hyster- 
 ical agitation which, these papers say, has gone out of 
 style. 
 
 Well, when you hear of some of these methods 
 they seem hardly "sane and reasonable." It was re- 
 ported that the passage of the prohibition law in Ala- 
 bama was secured by a swarm of women taking pos- 
 session of the capitol on the day the final vote was 
 taken, entering the floor of the chamber, surrounding 
 each legislator who was not in favor of the measure, 
 
 151 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much/' 
 
 and cajoling, praying, crying, kneeling, wringing their 
 hands, etc., until the men were coerced to vote for the 
 bill. 
 
 In the Delaware campaign, women marched bands 
 of children through the streets, broke up open air meet- 
 ings of the anti-local optionists with their noise, and 
 finally, when the respectable voters went into halls, 
 those bands went in there and by noise, cat-calls, etc., 
 broke up those meetings also. If it is "sane and 
 reasonable" thus to make rowdies of the children, I 
 must confess that is a system of pedagogics with which 
 I am not familiar. 
 
 Centennial of the Beginning of the Organized Tem- 
 perance Movement. 
 
 (January I, 1908.) 
 
 The present turn of the year bears more than or- 
 dinary significance for the American brewer, and in 
 more senses than one. 
 
 It is not only the beginning of a new year, but the be- 
 ginning of the second century of the organized temper- 
 ance movement in America. Mind you, I say temper- 
 ance movement, in this case, not anti-drink movement. 
 It was on April 13, 1808, that Dr. Billy J. Clark, in the 
 town of Moreau in Saratoga County, N. Y., started 
 the first temperance society on this hemisphere of which 
 we have any record. 
 
 This movement as first begun was a temperance 
 movement in the true sense of the term. The mem- 
 bers of Clark's society pledged themselves to abstain 
 from the use of ardent spirits and to use for stimulat- 
 ing beverages beer and mild wines. 
 Success of the Original Temperance Movement. 
 
 For nearly half a century the temperance movement 
 continued along that line, and its success was marked. 
 About the middle of last century the total abstainers 
 
 152 
 
Opinions of Early Statesmen. 
 
 secured control of the movement, and first turned the 
 pledge into one of -total abstinence from all alcoholic 
 beverages, following this up with the demand for the 
 prohibition of them by law. It was now no longer a 
 temperance movement, but the reverse, and the old 
 societies broke up and vanished. In place of a move- 
 ment which had materially assisted the social move- 
 ment towards temperance, raising the American people 
 from its place at the bottom of the list of sober na- 
 tions into the very front rank and near the head of 
 the list, there now arose a movement whose practical 
 tendency and effect was the opposite, constituting a 
 hindrance to the further development of temperance. 
 From that time forward, temperance increased through 
 the operation of general natural causes in spite of the 
 prohibition movement. 
 
 The centennial of the organization of the first Amer- 
 ican temperance society is an event of importance 
 to the brewing trade. It is appropriate, therefore, to 
 publish in this issue a picture of Dr. Clark, the starter 
 of this organized movement. 
 
 The Fathers of the Republic Favored Mild 
 Fermented Beverages. 
 
 Clark was in harmony with the leading men of his 
 time, the founders of our Republic, in promoting the 
 use of mild fermented beverages as the surest cure 
 and preventive of intemperance in drink. That is 
 the position frequently laid down in the proceedings 
 and publications of the United States Brewers' As- 
 sociation for many years past. It is the position en- 
 dorsed and espoused by the leading students of the 
 drink problem in all civilized countries. It is the 
 position carried through with almost startling success 
 by the Swiss nation a laboratory for sociological ex- 
 periments that little country might be termed whose 
 
 153 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 brilliant success ought to be applied with confidence 
 by the more populous nations. It is, finally, the posi- 
 tion adopted by our Congress in the imposition of the 
 Internal Revenue tax system which has led to the 
 happiest results although checked and hampered by 
 unreasonable state and local legislation in many in- 
 stances, the distinction between mild fermented bever- 
 ages and ardent spirits being obliterated in consequence 
 of the irrational attitude of the anti-drink fanatics. 
 
 Clark was the father of the temperance movement, 
 rendered abortive by the militant total abstainer and 
 prohibitionist. The latter have no right to claim him 
 as the father of their movement. His child was a 
 sturdy, healthy youngster, for which a changeling has 
 been substituted. Had the ideas of Clark, Rush, 
 Jefferson, Hamilton the two latter agreed on this 
 point continued to prevail, we should today have no 
 liquor problem of sufficient magnitude to trouble any 
 one. 
 
 Brewers' Position Same as that of the Early States- 
 men. 
 
 What's the use of crying over spilled milk? 
 
 A great deal! In these days when the brewer is 
 pictured to the public as artfully concealing under his 
 ample clothes the cloven hoof and long tail of the 
 prince of darkness, when the mashing tool is repre- 
 sented as the pitchfork with which the souls of his 
 victims are thrust into the torments of everlasting fire, 
 when the joyful strains of the orchestra in our cafes 
 are denounced as the call of the siren to eternal dam- 
 nation, when the refreshing drink which the poor man 
 sips in the saloon where saw-dust or white sand covers 
 the floor is described as a veritable hell-broth to eat 
 out his vitals and shut him out from everlasting life 
 in these days it is well to pause, as the centennial of 
 
 154 
 
Brewers Agree with Statesmen. 
 
 the organized temperance movement approaches, and 
 to call to mind that it was not always thus, that the 
 fathers of this country thought otherwise, that Jeffer- 
 son held that no nation is drunken where wine is cheap, 
 that Hamilton desired to discriminate by taxation in 
 favor of beer and wine, that those who brought light 
 beer to America were acclaimed as the saviors of the 
 nation from drunkenness. It is useful to point out to 
 those with whom we talk, that all this beneficent work 
 had well nigh been made abortive by the intemperate 
 demands of the teetotalers and prohibitionists, were it 
 not for the fact that the cause had already gained too 
 much headway for even so determined a foe to stop 
 it. 
 
 We are hero worshipers as much as other people. 
 A careful reading of our early history shows that it 
 was the hero-worship for Washington that carried the 
 Federal Constitution through and created this Nation, 
 and we have put haloes about the heads of Washing- 
 ton and some of his contemporaries. Most people do 
 not know how those men felt in regard to the use 
 of alcoholic drink. It is well they should know that 
 the greatest Americans, the fathers of this country, 
 took precisely the same ground which the United States 
 Brewers' Association has proclaimed for decades past. 
 It is well they should be taught that those men stood 
 for temperance, for moderation. And if they were to 
 come to life today they would undoubtedly take the 
 same position. 
 
 Here are a few lines from an editoral in the Mans- 
 field, Ohio, Shield, of Dec. roth last : 
 
 Immoderate use of liquor wastes substance, dissipates 
 fortunes, brings sufferings, causes crime, bloodshed and 
 murder and often destroys its victims, body, mind and soul. 
 
 But intemperance of many other forms has done these 
 same things an hundred fold more. Intemperance in drink 
 
 155 
 
The Rule of "Not Too Much." 
 
 has slain its thousands and its hundreds of thousands, but 
 intemperance in thought, word and deed has slain its mil- 
 lions and will continue to do so until many zealots learn that 
 the only temperance that counts is temperance in all things. 
 
 Resolve to Clean up the Retail Trade and Your 
 Own Business Methods. 
 
 The past year has been full of events that should 
 cause the brewer to stop, at this turn of the year, and 
 take counsel with himself and with his fellows. He 
 has been entrained, as the engineer would say, in the 
 mad rush for the dollar, together with so many others. 
 He has not always considered whither he was drift- 
 ing. He has thus helped to supply ammunition to his 
 enemies. He has in some respects laid himself open 
 to just critisicm. 
 
 The first resolution for the New Year should be to 
 eliminate all the objectionable features which he has 
 allowed to grow up in the business, as far as lies in 
 his power to do so. Of that subject I spoke fully 
 in last month's issue of this journal. 
 
 Resolve to Enlighten the Public as to the Drink 
 Question. 
 
 But he also has sins of omission to reflect upon, sins 
 against himself. He has allowed fifty years to go by 
 during all of which time the enemy has been gaining 
 strength. He has allowed the intemperate anti-drink 
 "fans" to work undisturbed and unopposed upon the 
 public mind, to dominate pulpit, press, public men, until 
 today he awakes to find himself environed by a wall 
 of prejudice almost as impregnable as it is unreason- 
 able. 
 
 The second resolution for the New Year should be 
 to enter upon a vigorous, comprehensive, sagacious and 
 
 156 
 
Spread the Truth. 
 
 far-reaching policy of enlightening the public mind, of 
 spreading the truth among the masses and among those 
 who form public opinion, of breaking down the preju- 
 dice now existing against his business, with the ultim- 
 ate purpose of securing such dealing with the liquor 
 problem as will conform with science, with morals, 
 with economics, with the highest ideals of human so- 
 ciety. And to accomplish this, all that is necessary is 
 to carry the truth which he knows, among the people 
 at large. 
 
 These two resolutions, steadfastly adhered to, are 
 what the Growler wishes the brewing trade of Amer- 
 ica to formulate at the beginning of the New Year and 
 of the second century of the organized temperance 
 movement. 
 
 157 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 The Committee of Fifty. 
 
 The Committee of Fifty for the Investigation of the Liquor 
 Problem was organized in 1893. Following is a declaration 
 of its intention. 
 
 "This Committee, made up of persons representing differ- 
 ent trades, occupations, and opinions, is engaged in the 
 study of the Liquor Problem, in the hope of securing a 
 body of facts which may serve as a basis for intelligent 
 public and private action. It is the purpose of the Commit- 
 tee to collect and collate impartially all accessible facts which 
 bear upon the problem, and it is their hope to secure for 
 the evidence thus accumulated a measure of confidence on 
 the part of the community which is not accorded to per- 
 sonal statements." 
 
 This plan was carried out with the assistance of experi- 
 enced workers. 
 
 The Committee has published the following books: 
 
 1. The Physiological Aspects of the Liquor Problem. 
 Investigations made by Prof. W. O. ATWATER, Wesleyan 
 University; JOHN S. BILLINGS, Astor Library; Prof. H. P. 
 BOWDITCH, Harvard Medical School ; Prof. R. H. CHIT- 
 TENDEN, Sheffield Scientific School (Yale) ; Dr. W. H. 
 WELCH, Johns Hopkins Hospital. 
 
 2. The Liquor Problem in its Legislative Aspects. An 
 investigation made under the direction of CHARLES W. 
 ELIOT, President of Harvard University; SETH Low, former 
 President of Columbia University; Hon. JAMES C. CARTER, 
 of New York. 
 
 3. Economic Aspects of the Liquor Problem. An investi- 
 gation made under the direction of Prof. HENRY W. FAR- 
 NAM, of Yale University, by JOHN KOREN, with the co-oper- 
 ation of the representatives of thirty-three charity organiza- 
 tion societies, sixty alms houses, and seventeen prisons and 
 reformatories. 
 
 4. Substitutes for the Saloon. An investigation made un- 
 der the direction of Prof. FRANCIS G. PEABODY, of Harvard 
 University; Dr. ELGIN R. L. GOULD, of New York; and 
 Prof. W. M. SLOANE, of Columbia University, by RAYMOND 
 CALKINS, with the co-operation of many teachers, students, 
 settlement workers, and other investigators. 
 
 158 
 
5. The Liquor Problem. A summary of investigations 
 conducted by the Committee of Fifty 1893-19x53. Prepared 
 for the Committee by JOHN S. BILLINGS, CHARLES W. ELIOT, 
 HENRY W. FARNAM, JACOB L. GREENE, and FRANCIS G. 
 PEABODY. 
 
 These books have been published by Houghton, Mifflin & 
 Co. They embody practically the only sane examination of 
 the liquor problem ever made in America, and while in- 
 complete, if one expects a study of the alcohol question from 
 all points of view some important points being omitted; 
 while giving no conclusions from a survey of the subject 
 in its entirety; while suggesting, on the part of some of 
 the agents employed to collect material, decided, although 
 unconscious, bias against the use of alcoholic beverages; 
 while indicating, on the part of the scientific observers, ex- 
 treme caution in the statement of conclusions; while almost 
 wholly ignoring the highly important psychical elements in- 
 volved in the problem, owing, probably, to the fact that 
 the investigations concerning the ethical aspects of the liquor 
 problem remained unfinished in consequence of the death 
 of Col. Jacob L. Greene, of Hartford, Conn., who had that 
 branch of the inquiry in charge notwithstanding these 
 shortcomings these books must be recommended to every 
 earnest student of the liquor problem, and, in fact, it is 
 a safe statement that a study of the problem cannot be 
 made without them. Bearing in mind the criticisms above 
 made, these books are safe as far as the statements of facts 
 are concerned, which is of the greatest importance to the 
 student, since the publications of the anti-alcoholists, on the 
 contrary, are so patently and lamentably deficient in that 
 respect. 
 
 The Committee of Fifty consisted of the following gen- 
 tlemen : 
 
 Prof. Felix Adler, New York, N. Y. 
 Bishop Edw. G. Andrews, D. D., New York, N. Y. 
 Prof. W. O. Atwater, Wesleyan University, Middletown, 
 
 Conn. (Lately deceased.) 
 
 Dr. J. S. Billings, Astor Library, New York, N. Y. 
 Hon. Charles J. Bonaparte, Secretary of the Navy, Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 
 Prof. H. P. Bowditch, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 
 
 Mass. 
 
 Rev. Prof. Charles A. Briggs, D. D., New York, N. Y. 
 Z. R. Brockway, State Reformatory, Elmira, N. Y. 
 John Graham Brooks, Cambridge, Mass. 
 159 
 
Hon. James C. Carter, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Prof. R. H. Chittenden, Sheffield Scientific School, Ya 
 University. 
 
 Right Rev. Thomas Conaty, D. D., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 John H. Converse, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Wm. Bayard Cutting, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Rev. S. W. Dike, LL. D., Auburndale, Mass. 
 
 Wm. E. Dodge, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Rev. Father A. P. Doyle, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Charles W. Eliot, LL. D., President Harvard University, 
 Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Rev. Father Walter Elliott, Paulist Fathers, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Prof. Richard T. Ely, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 
 Wis. 
 
 Prof. Henry W. Farnam, Yale University. 
 
 Rt. Rev. T. F. Gailor, D. D., Bishop of Tennessee, Mem- 
 phis, Tenn. 
 
 Daniel C. Gilman, LL. D., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Rev. Washington Gladden, D. D., LL. D., Columbus, O. 
 
 Richard W. Gilder, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Dr. E. R. L. Gould, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Dr. Edward M. Hartwell, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Rev. W. R. Huntington, D. D., Grace Church, New York, 
 N. Y. 
 
 Prof. J. F. Jones, Marietta, O. 
 
 Hon. Seth Low, LL. D., former President Columbia Uni- 
 versity, New York, N. Y. 
 
 James MacAlister, LL. D., President Drexel Institute, Phil- 
 adelphia, Pa. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Alexander Mackay-Smith, D. D., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Prof. J. J. McCook, Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. 
 
 Rev. T. T. Munger, D. D., New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Robert C. Ogden, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Rev. Prof. Francis G. Peabody, D. D., Harvard University. 
 
 Rt. Rev. H. C. Potter, D. D., New York, N. Y. 
 
 Rev. W. I. Rainsford, D. D., New York, N. Y. 
 
 Jacob H. Schiff, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Rev. Prof. C. W. Shields, D. D., Princeton. 
 
 Prof. W. M. Sloane, Columbia University, New York. 
 
 Charles Dudley Warner, Hartford, Conn. 
 
 Dr. Wm. H. Welch, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Frederick H. Wines, LL. D., Springfield, 111. 
 
 Hon. Carroll D. Wright, A. M., LL. D., Clark College, Wor- 
 cester, Mass. 
 
 160 
 
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