GOLDEN JUBILEE SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY 1870 - 1920 CHANCELLOR JAMES ROSCOE DAY THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY 1870-1920 FRANK SMALLEY, 74 Editor Contents Page INTRODUCTORY 3 CHAPTER I A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY 7 PRESIDENTS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 21 CHANCELLORS (illustrated) 22 VICE-CHANCELLORS (illustrated) 23 DEANS (illustrated) 24 DIRECTORS OF THE LIBRARY SCHOOL (illustrated) 32 " " " SUMMER SCHOOL (illustrated) 34 " " GRADUATE SCHOOL (illustrated) 35 " " SCHOOL OF ORATORY (illustrated) 35 " " EVENING SESSION (illustrated) 35 " " BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (illustrated) 36 " " SCHOOL OF HOME ECONOMICS (illustrated) 36 SUPERINTENDENT OF THE SCHOOL OF NuRsiKG\illustrated) 36 DIRECTORS OF MILITARY SCIENCE AND TACTICS (illustrated) 37 LIBRARIANS 37 REGISTRARS 37 MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY WHO HAVE DIED IN SERVICE 38 LAYING OF THE CORNER STONE OF THE HALL OF LANGUAGES 42 CHAPTER II PHI BETA KAPPA (March 25, 1920) 44 PRESIDENT BIRGE'S ADDRESS 46 CHAPTER III SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY 68 PROGRAMS 68 CELEBRATING SYRACUSE'S FIFTIETH BIRTHDAY 76 CHAPTER IV THE GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY 78 PROGRAMS 79-82 EVENING OF Music 83 CHAPTER V ANNIVERSARY EXERCISES, FRIDAY, JUNE 1 1 86 ADDRESSES CHANCELLOR DAY 87 and 95 WM. A. DYER 89 CHARLES F. WHEELOCK 91 DEAN W. H. CRAWSHA w 93 PRESIDENT SCHURMAN 95 GOLDEN JUBILEE WEEK 101 PHI BETA KAPPA OFFICERS 1 02 SENIORS ELECTED 1 02 CHARACTERISTICS ADDRESS BY SECRETARY VOORHEES 103, 20921 0,'i CHAPTER V Continued Page CHANCELLOR'S RECEPTION 107 CONFERENCE VISITORS 107 CHAPTER VI ALUMNI DAY, SATURDAY, JUNE 12 109 PROGRAM 109 SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY GRADSPREE no ALUMNI ASSOCIATION MEETING in PARADE 112 ALUMNI KuT-Urs 114 ALUMNI KUM-BAKS 118 A REMARKABLE ACHIEVEMENT . 124 TRUSTEES' MEETING . - 126 FIFTY YEARS OF THE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE ADDRESS BY DEAN J. L. HEFFRON . . . 130-157 NIFTY FIFTY 158 CHAPTER VII . BACCALAUREATE SERMON, SUNDAY, A. M., JUNE 13 160 ADDRESS TO THE CLASS 1 73 THE CHANCELLOR 174 AN UNIVERSITY OF SERVICE 174 CHAPTER VIII MEMORIAL SERVICE, SUNDAY, P. M., JUNE 13 . : . . . 176 AMBASSADOR JUSSERAND 177, 182, 199 GENERAL EDWARDS 1 80 EVEN SONG.- 183 CHAPTER IX FORTY-NINTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT, MONDAY, JUNE 14 187 DR. FINLEY'S ADDRESS 187 SYRACUSE COMMENCEMENT 188 HONORARY DEGREES 1 89 STUDENTS WHO FELL IN THE WAR MADE ALUMNI 190 SYRACUSANS HONORED 192 CHAPTER X THREE DEATHS 193 SENATOR HENDRICK'S GIFT 193 CREW RACE 194 CHAPTER XI NEWSPAPER PARAGRAPHS 197 TRIBUTE BY THE CHANCELLOR TO MR. HENDRICKS 197 MYER PRINSTEIN t . 197 UNIVERSITY COMMONS 198 DEAN STREET 199 DRS. GROAT AND KALLET 199 DEAN HEFFRON 200 HON. W. H. HILL 200 FIFTV- YEARS. . 201 INTRODUCTORY THIS small volume is issued to keep alive the memory of the stirring events of the Golden Jubilee of Syracuse University, which was celebrated in June, 1920. It was suggested that the book be of an illustrative character, portraying the many fine buildings of the institution and covering, of course, the historical and anniversary material, including addresses, etc., but that suggestion was not ap- proved for several reasons. In the first place, we have a fine Bulletin, just issued, giving views of all the University buildings. Why repeat them in this? Again, we proposed a small and simple volume, setting forth in historic form the facts and events of the Jubilee. It is to be regretted that in the absence of manuscripts for some of the addresses provision was not made to get full and complete stenographic reports of the ad- dresses. To some extent, this course was followed, but not with entire satisfaction. We have reproduced several of the views printed on the occasion by the three Syracuse newspapers, the Post-Standard, the Herald and the Journal, and we wish here to acknowledge our indebtedness to the managers and employes of all these fine papers for the exceeding kindness and courtesy shown by them in furnishing every possible facility for reproducing in book form the material taken from their various issues. As has been fully set forth in Dr. Place's article reprinted here from the Syracu- san, this Jubilee celebrated the founding of Syracuse University, not its opening for classes. The charter of the new University was approved by the Legislature and recorded March 25, 1870. And the seal, which is here reproduced, reads "Syracuse University, Founded A. D. 1870", the motto being "Suos cultores scientia coronat." The University, however, did not open its doors for students until September 1, 1871. On that day the first chapel meeting was held on the top floor of the Myers Block, corner East Genesee and Montgomery streets, Syracuse. Our love for the University, with which we have been connected from the first day of its existence, and in which distinction we stand alone, has added greatly to the pleasure of our task. A word of caution is necessary. Several incorrect statements of a historical character occur in some of the addresses. These are of course entirely unintentional and are due to the lack of familiarity of the speakers with the facts of the early history. The editor has ventured to correct a few of them in place, by a brief bracketed note; others are allowed to stand unchallenged. It is hoped that no umbrage will be felt by the authors over the corrections. A few things may well be emphasized, viz., (1) The University charter was reported, approved and recorded on March 25, 1870. (2) The University was not open for the admission of students until August, 1871. (3) Five faculty members were inaugurated at 10 A. M., August 31, 1871, in Shakespeare Hall. They were Vice-President Daniel Steele and Professors John R. French, W. P. Coddington, John J. Brown and Charles W. Bennett.* (4) On the afternoon of the same day, the corner-stone of the Hall of Languages was laid by Bishop Peck. Addresses were made by President E. O. Haven of the Northwestern University and President Andrew D. White of Cornell University. (5) The first chapel was held in the Myers Block, Sept. 1, 1871, with forty-one students in attendance. (6) There was no dean in the College of Liberal Arts until 1878, when Professor French was elected to that position. Also see brie f history, pages 10 and 11. The above facts are fundamental and should be borne in mind by all who care to know about the beginnings of Syracuse University. THE EDITOR. *See cuts on page 11. FACULTY OF THE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS TAKEN ix 1875 JUST AFTER A FACULTY MEETING. PLACE: IN FRONT OF THE HALL OF LANGUAGES. From left to right: Professor C. W. Bennett, Instructor F. Smalley, Pro- fessor J. R. French, Chancellor E. O. Haven, Professor George F. Comfort, Adjunct Professor J. H. Durston, Professor J. J. Brown. Absent; Professor W. P. Coddington, Professor H. H. Sandford, Instructor W. L. Richardson. THE HALL OF LANGUAGES AS IT APPEARED IN l88o. This excellent cut of the Hall of Languages was made, if I mistake not, from a photograph taken by Professor J. J. Brown in the year 1880. Permit a few more historic facts : The location of the University was decided upon September 13, 1870. On May 17, 1871, the trustees ratified the building plans of Architect H. N. White, and a building committee was appointed, consisting of Bishop Peck, Mr. Ezra Jones of Rochester, Hon. David Wilbor of Milford, Rev. Dr. George L. Taylor of Connecticut, Hon. George F. Comstock of Syracuse and Rev. Dr. H. R. Clark of Binghamton. On August 31, 1871, the corner-stone of the Hall of Languages was laid. On May 1, 1873, the building was occupied for the first time, the work of the College meantime (i.e. Sept. 1, 1871 to May 1, 1873) having been done in the Myers Block, corner East Genesee and Montgomery streets. This building was the only structure erected on the Campus from 1871 to 1887, when the Holden Observatory was built. The corner-stones of both the John Grouse College and the Administration Building (formerly the Von Ranke Library) were laid in June 1888, and the Gymnasium (now the Women's Gymnasium) was built in 1891. All of these structures except the first were erected under the Sims administration and the many later buildings under the present administration. See Brief History, pages 7-20. THE EDITOR. A Brief History of the University BY THE EDITOR THE first gathering of faculty and students of Genesee College at Lima, N. Y., was on Monday, June 9, 1851, at 4 p. m. There were present President Tefft, four professors and thirty-seven students, viz., two juniors, eight sophomores and twenty-seven freshmen. That was the beginning of Genesee College, located at Lima, N. Y., and which became Syracuse University by Legisla- tive action in 1870 and by removal in September 1871. During its twenty years of existence at Lima, Genesee College conferred 207 Bachelor degrees, 143 master degrees, and 29 doctor degrees, making a total of 379 degrees on 265 recipients. All graduates of Genesee College sustain identical relations with Syracuse University. Little was brought from the old College to Syracuse except a reputation for good work, a small but excellent body of alumni and a handful of choice teachers. The reason for the removal is not far to seek. It was the conviction that such an institution could be of more service and of wider usefulness in a great and popu- lous urban center than could possibly be the case if located in a small village, remote from a city. It is doubtless true that a rural location has some advantages and much is claimed for such a location, but, after both sides of the question have been considered, it will be found that a university destined to cover a wide field and include all the departments of educational work must seek a site of large population, where great business enterprises are carried on, where students of social sciences can best work out their problems, where the numerous clinics of the hospitals afford indispensable instruction to future M.D.'s, where budding lawyers may study the courts in operation, where engineers may easily see the practical operation of the principles they are studying ; where musical concerts and art collections afford large opportunities for culture ; where many schoolrooms are open for the study of pedagogy put in practice; where libraries, general and professional, abound, largely increasing the facilities of the university. A great university must be in a city, whose supplementary advantages are almost equivalent to doubling the endowment. The one great aim and purpose of a university is to render service. It comes not to be ministered unto but to minister. It comes to train the mind, to inform it, to give it power, to stimulate it in the delightful work of investigation and to persuade it to believe that the pursuit of truth for its own sake, regardless of all consequences, is one of the very noblest quests of man. But the service does not stop here. It would fall short of completeness if it failed to include in its activities the constant effort to build up character. It is not enough that the faculties of the mind be quickened; the moral lessons must not be omitted. It need not be a 7 8] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 sectarian institution to render this service. It is not to be done by lessons in theology nor by the teaching of a creed, but by emphasizing in its daily work the moral lessons that every subject contains, by emphasizing the beauty and value of truth in its every aspect, and, above all, while electing to its faculty men of the highest qualifications for the work of their respective departments, men apt to teach, insisting at the same time, as an indispensable feature, that they be men of exemplary moral lives. A bad man in a college faculty, a vicious man, an immoral man, is as much out of place as he would be in the ministry; perhaps more so, as he deals wholly with minds in the formative period. But the man of exemplary life, the ardent lover of truth, even though he be a man of few spoken words, exerts an influence of moral uplift on his students that will have a permanent influence on character. In 1871, Syracuse University started on its career to render if possible this larger service by reason of improved facilities and a more populous environment. To one who will carefully study its history during these forty-nine years, it will be apparent that the development has been steadily in keeping with the ideals described. Scores of young men and women in Syracuse have received the benefit of college training who would never have seriously considered it possible to avail themselves of such an equipment, if the University had not been at their very doors. The benefit to them can never be expressed in dollars and cents. The splendid transportation facilities of Syracuse have made it easy for hundreds to come from near and from far, who would have passed this institution by if it had been located disadvantageously in these respects. In fact, it has often been a pondered question to the writer why the University has reached such unprecedented growth as it has in five decades. The conclusion has been reached that Syracuse the central city of the State, so easily accessible from all quarters of the State and all parts of the country is an exceptionally favorable location for a university. Of course, that is only one cause conducing to the result we see, but it is so import- ant as to be overshadowing. Give Syracuse University two-thirds the financial equipment of the University of Chicago, and in five years it will lead all the universi- ties of the United States in the number of its students. The location and environ- ment must be given large credit for such a possibility. We hope to see that proposi- tion put to the test. Will somebody please hand over fifteen millions, and see the magnificent equipment, the greatly increased and strengthened faculty of experts, the army of students and the output, glorious to contemplate, of trained and cultured men and women graduated from its halls; of professors full of tempered zeal, adding to the sum of human knowledge; of an elevating and culturing influence permeating all the society of Central New York and extending to the ends of the earth ? This is not a pipe dream. It is easily within the range of possibilities. This is prophecy. Prophecy and history go hand in hand. The lessons of his- tory are the major premise of prophecy and we have preceded consistently on that plan. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY [9 Syracuse University took its new name from the city of its location, which also made it a donation of $100,000.00, conditioned on the establishment of the Univer- sity in the city with an endowment of $400,000.00 independent of the city's contri- bution. This was proposed as early as March 1867, and a large mass meeting of citizens was called, which eagerly and enthusiastically voted in favor of the proposition. Prominent citizens of Syracuse, without distinction of religious denomination, assisted in launching the new university. They gave freely of their money, accepted responsible positions on the Board of Trustees, and were actuated by a deeper feeling than mere civic pride. Their activity, comparable with our present efficient Chamber of Commerce, antedates by more than four years the opening of the new institution. It may interest the reader to see reproduced here a note that was sent to many citizens at that time. It is as follows: SYRACUSE, March 5th, 1867. oir i You are requested to meet several of our citizens at the office of the Salt com- pany of Onondaga, Thursday, March 21st, at 7 p. m., to attend an adjourned meeting for consultation in regard to a matter of great public interest. WILLIAM D. STEWART GEORGE F. COMSTOCK E. W. LEAVENWORTH A. D. WHITE C. T. LONGSTREET CHAS. ANDREWS T. B. FITCH C. TALLMAN A. MUNROE The meeting thus called was largely attended and it was here that measures were taken for bonding the city. A call was at once issued for a mass meeting at the city hall. A week later this meeting was held. Judge Comstock presented the draft of a bill which the previous meeting had requested him to make. It provided for bonding the city for the sum of $100,000.00 on condition that a college be established in Syracuse with an endowment of $400,000.00 independent of the city's gift. The bill met the unanimous approval of the meeting, soon passed the Legislature and became law. In February 1870 a provisional board of trustees was appointed and on the 13th of September following the present beautiful location was selected. July 19th, 1871, the contract for building the Hall of Languages was let for $136,000. H. N. White was architect. The writer well remembers the laying of the corner-stone of the Hall of Languages, August 31st, 1871. Among the distinguished gentlemen present were Chief Justice Sanford E. io THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 Church, Dr. Andrew D. White, President of Cornell University, the Rev. Dr. Richmond Fisk, President of St. Lawrence University, the Rev. Dr. Cummings, President of Wesleyan University, and the Rev. Dr. E. O. Haven, President of the Northwestern University, Judges Andrews and Comstock and Mr. W. H. Bogart. Dr. E. O. Haven, afterwards Chancellor of the University, delivered the first address. He was followed by President Andrew D. White of Cornell University in a magnificent and most neighborly address. He pointed out the various features of this city and added: "It is rich, and yet one element of wealth and dignity has been lacking, and that the most important of all. Cities where there is merely material wealth and comfort figure but poorly in human history. The little hamlet of Heidelberg stands near the great rich, vigorous city of Mannheim, yet Heidelberg is far better known far-more honored. Why? Simply because it is the seat of a university. Gottingen is a small town, the seat of a university. Near it are many cities, large and powerful and wealthy. Who does not know the fame of the former? Who knows even the names of the others? Which is the better known, Oxford with its university, or Leeds with its vast manufactures and trade ? Look through our own country. New Haven is as nearly as may be the size of Syracuse. There are other towns in that part of the country not less populous, not less rich, but of how little account are they compared to the seat of Yale College, which earnest men established nearly two hundred years ago. "No, my friends, it needs something more than heaped up wealth to make a city honored ; and, therefore, do I hope that by what shall be reared here this fair view is to be made still fairer and yonder riches shall be made still greater by the light that shall be shed and the truth that shall be spread from this center. But, my friends, still more do I congratulate this commonwealth on the admission of a new sister into the existing galaxy of institutions of learning. In this work there need be no jealousies. In this commonwealth, with its four millions of souls, there is work enough for all. Nay, if advanced education be made what it ought to be, fitted to the needs of this land and this time, I believe that twice the existing number of colleges might be filled." Awaiting the completion of the Hall of Languages, a city block did duty as a university building, and on September 1, 1871, forty-one students assembled in the chapel, the top floor of the Myers block, while five professors sat upon the platform. These men were Daniel Steele, Vice-President of the College, and Professors French, Coddington, Brown and Bennett, who had been formally inaugurated the previous day in Shakespeare Hall. It was the beginning in Syracuse of an enterprise destined to be in a comparatively brief time the largest and leading industry of the city. The dedication of the first building, May 8, 1873, was the beginning of the occupation of the campus. Bishop Peck, one of the greatest of the founders, presided. Those dedicatory services were impressive and historical. The princi- pal speakers were Presidents Barnard of Columbia University and White of Cornell, A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY ii Bishop Janes and Chief Justice Church. The first made a polished address. He argued the indebtedness of money to mind. "There is a wealth of the moral and intellectual as of the physical man, a wealth so much more to be desired and coveted as the soul is more noble and honorable and excellent than the body. PROFESSOR J. J. BROWN PROFESSOR CHARLES W. BENNETT "But the productive power of human industry in the day in which we live is greater than it was a century ago in a proportion almost beyond computation, and this vast increase has been owing to improvements in the useful arts, not reached by accident, but wrought out by careful study of the properties of matter and the laws of force." This in 1873. What an immense progress has been made since that date! 12 ] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 Bishop Janes, discussing the claims of the University on wealth, declared that science is daily enriching the general culture of the country, that one source of wealth is the application of science to industry, that education is the engineer in the progress of the world. He especially emphasized the following: "It (Syracuse University) is not sectarian, I trust. If I thought it was, I would sit down at once. Christianity must go hand in hand with science." President White was eloquent, as always. He uttered unconsciously a prophecy. He said, "You ought to have a chime of bells to scatter melody over these hills and through these verdant vales." John Grouse later fulfilled the prophecy. The Hall of Languages was the center of activity. In this commodious building, for twenty-five years, practically all the college work, except that of medicine, was done. In 1898, the Steele Hall gave more adequate quarters and facilities to the departments of physics and biology, as, in 1889, the John Grouse College had accommodated the College of Fine Arts. No buildings were erected during the administrations of Chancellors Winchell (1873-4) and Haven (1874-80). Dr. Winchell could not easily be beguiled from his beloved studies to the thankless work of the executive. Dr. Haven, rich in every virtue, wisely guided the young college, but the time for material development had not yet come. The Rev. Dr. E. C. Curtis did heroic service in a financial way in those days, as Dr. Phelps did later. The era of building began under Chancellor Sims (1881-93). The Holden Observatory was completed in 1887, the Library building (now the Administration building) in 1889, the John Grouse College, the same year, and the Gymnasium (now the Womens' Gymnasium) in 1892. Growing pains had possessed the insti- tution, which had, however, the utmost difficulty in satisfying an appetite which increased as it was fed. The beginning of the Sims administration was a time of doubt and fear. The trustees and faculty had become conscious as never be- fore of the insatiate demands of a growing university, while the times were not propitious for securing the generous financial aid so imperatively called for. It certainly seemed at one time as if the very necessities for continuing existence would fail. The indomitable perseverance of Chancellor Sims, his tireless industry, his undying faith in the college and its future saved the plant, and an upward progress was slowly begun. Four buildings, one of them the John Grouse College among the very finest in America, stand as a monument to immortalize this noble man. The College of Medicine was the medical department of Hobart College, called Geneva Medical College, removed to Syracuse, opening on the first Thursday in October, 1872, and sustaining a similar relation to Syracuse University as formerly to Hobart College. For three years it was located in the Clinton Block, when it was removed to its present location on Orange street. Geneva Medical College was the successor of Fairfield Medical College, which covered the years 1813-1839 and graduated 555 students with the degree of M.D. Its successor, Geneva A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY [ 13 Medical College, began operations in 1835 and continued until removal to Syracuse in 1872, conferring the M.D. on 701 students. Dr. Frederick Hyde was Dean. In 1873, the College of Fine Arts was organized by Professor George F. Comfort, who became its Dean from the beginning, a position which he held until his retire- ment from the University in 1893, twenty years. This College was an experiment in American education. In 1898, former Dean Comfort wrote, "The success of this College justifies the inauguration twenty-five years ago of this innovation in university education in America. ' ' It seems to the writer only just that the College should bear in its title the name of its able and progressive founder, viz., The George F. Comfort College of Fine Arts. Since 1889, it has been accommodated in the stately building erected on the campus by Mr. John Grouse, and which was dedi- cated September 18, 1889. The era of hitherto unexperienced prosperity came with the administration of Chancellor Day (1894), although at its inauguration the country was suffering serious financial depression. A large portion of the funds of the University was invested in western securities which were just then unproductive. Mortgages were foreclosed and the University found itself in the possession of much undesired property. But, by careful management, losses were arrested and the endowment recovered. The upward progress was not only not hindered but accelerated. It has often been said of late that the University during the fifteen years from 1895 to 1910 was in the material stage of progress. That is true, unless it be meant to limit the progress to material development. It would not be difficult to point to noteworthy progress in internal development. The pace of colleges has been fast during the last quarter of a century. It would almost startle any reader familiar with such matters to make a comparison of present conditions in any American college with those of four or five decades ago. Entrance requirements have been greatly advanced as the high schools have become more proficient and capable of meeting them. Courses in every department of learning have been multiplied in num- ber, varied in character and bettered in quality ; graduate work has immensely in- creased ; the range of individual teaching has necessarily been restricted and nar- rowed and, in consequence, the teaching force has been enlarged; endowments have mounted into millions. Syracuse University has kept pace fairly well with these changes and steps of progress. A study of the catalogues alone would reveal this, but it is most fully realized by one who has been in continuous service during the evolutionary period. Fortunately for Syracuse, Chancellor Day entered on his work not only with words of sincere praise for his predecessors, but also with a quick apprehension of the needs of the institution, an earnest sympathy with the aspirations of the various departments, a determined purpose to supply every facility to put the University afront with the best, and a fertility of resources and a faith and optimism that wrought miracles. 14] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 Thus, three colleges were in operation in 1893 when Chancellor Sims retired from office, viz., the College of Liberal Arts (1871), the College of Medicine (1872), and the College of Fine Arts (1873). Three Chancellors had completed their work at the University by the same date, viz., Alexander Winchell, Jan. 1873-1874 ; Erastus O. Haven, 1874-1880, and Charles N. Sims, 1881-Oct. 1893. The present Chancel- lor, James R. Day, was elected to office at a special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held November 15, 1893, but did not enter upon his duties until April 1894. He has now completed twenty-six years of a very fruitful chancellorship. Chancellor Day found three colleges in operation when he entered upon his work here. He has added the Colleges of Law, Applied Science, Teachers, Agri- culture, and Forestry, and several schools, viz., the Summer School, the Graduate School, the Library School, the School of Oratory, the Night School, the School of Home Economics, the School of Business Administration and the School of Nursing. So there are now in operation eight colleges and eight schools, constituting the University. The opening of the College of Law was authorized by the trustees in June 1894. A year later, Mr. J. B. Brooks was elected Dean of the new college and classes were held beginning Sept. 23, 1895. The College was located in the Bastable Block. Twenty-three students were enrolled. An address was delivered on the occasion by Hon. W. B. Hornblower. Removal of the College to its present quarters (former residence of the late John Grouse), corner of Fayette and State streets, was made on September 21, 1904. On June 12, 1900, the Chancellor announced that Mr. Lyman C. Smith had promised a new building for the College of Applied Science, and, on November 1st, ground was broken for the building, which was occupied for the first time in January 1902. Charles L. Griffin was appointed Acting Dean on September 26, 1902, and was succeeded by William Kent as Dean in 1903. He resigned in 1908. Pro- fessor George H. Shepard succeeded to the deanship which he held for three years, Professor William P. Graham becoming Dean in 1911. The Teachers College was organized in 1906 arid Professor J. R. Street was named as Dean. Dean Mark E. Penney succeeded in 1917, and Dean Albert S. Hurst in 1920. The Joseph Slocum College of Agriculture came into existence in 1910. In 1919, a splendid building was completed on the campus by Mrs. Russell Sage, and in that the College is now accommodated. Professor Frank W. Howe its first Dean was succeeded in 1920 by Dean Reuben L. Nye. - The New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University was founded in 1911. Hugh P. Baker has been Dean since the founding until this year in which he has resigned, and Professor F. F. Moon has been appointed Dean. The State has erected a fine building for this College, and also a heating plant. Several fine properties have been acquired during the present administration : (1) Thirty-four acres, joining the original campus of fifty acres, were purchased in A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY [15 1901 ; (2) the present Law College building, formerly the residence of the late John Grouse, in 1904; (3) the Renwick Castle and grounds (fourteen acres), in 1905. The Teachers College is located in the Castle. The buildings erected by Chancellor Day are as follows: (1) The new building for the College of Medicine (1896); (2) The University Block (1898); (3) The Esther Baker Steele Hall of Physics (1898); (4) Winchell Hall (1900); (5) Haven Hall (1903); (6) The Heating Plant (1903); (7) The Lyman Cornelius Smith College of Applied Science (1905); (8) The General or Carnegie Library (1905); (9) A mechanical laboratory for Applied Science (1907); (10) Sims Hall (1907); (11) Bowne Hall of Chemistry (1907); (12) Lyman Hall of Natural History (1907); (13) The Stadium (1907); (14) The Gymnasium (1909); (15) The Free Dispensary Building on East Fayette street (1914); (16) The College of Forestry and heating plant for same, erected by the State of New York (1917) ; (17) The east wing of the Hospital of the Good Shepherd, containing the Eisner Research Labora- tory (1918); (18) The Joseph Slocum College of Agriculture (1918). The Stadium. This structure is more elliptical than the Greek and Roman stadia, but it is not quite an amphitheater. It is really an amphitheatrical stadium. It is well adapted to modern athletic contests, having a good 200 yards straightway, a cinder track and a field. There are eighteen rows of seats and a grandstand. The outside measurement of the great structure is 670 by 475 feet. It covers six and a third acres of ground. It seats 20,000 persons. With improvised seats it will accommodate 40,000. The grand stand seats 3,000. The materials used in constructing the Stadium were as follows: One million feet of lumber in making boxes for the concrete; 23,000 barrels of Portland cement ; 220,000 square feet of galvanized wire lath; 280,000 square feet of wire cloth. There are 500 tons of steel in the concrete, and in the roof of the grand-stand, 150 tons. The Stadium is somewhat larger than the Colosseum at Rome but not quite so wide in outside measurement. It probably covers a trifle larger area. As the Colosseum rises 150 feet in the air, with four tiers of seats, it is not surprising that its arena is much smaller than that of the Stadium. Two hundred and eighty-two by 177 feet measures the arena of the Colosseum. That of the Stadium is 575 by 339 feet. But the Colosseum would seat 50,000 people and was a true amphi- theater. The University Stadium is longer and wider than the Greek stadia, which were not, however, uniform in size, nor is one end cut square off as in the latter. The Romans often modified these features, especially in rounding both ends so as to make the stadium resemble the amphitheater, and this 1907 specimen copies the Roman shape. We are not without precedent in retaining the name, while we adapt the form (retained in the main) to the athletics of our own time. The students took up the various branches of athletics at the opening of the University in Syracuse. A baseball association was organized in 1872, and, in 1875, an athletic association was organized. Syracuse won in 1875 her first intercollegi- i6] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 ate atheltic honors by defeating Cornell in baseball, 20-14. The first track games occurred in 1876. In 1881 Syracuse united with Cornell, Hamilton, Union, Rochester and Colgate (then Madison) to form an intercollegiate baseball organiza- tion, and in 1885 a similarly composed track organization was effected. Football appeared first in 1889, and the first paid coach (baseball) in 1890. In 1893, a faculty committee took hold of athletics and organized the "General Athletic Committee", with faculty, alumni and student representation. Everything was systematized, money was raised, teams were equipped, victories followed. The writer had the honor of being chairman of this Committee for nine years, 1893-1902. In 1895 the athletic field was graded; a grandstand and fences were erected. In 1895 Syracuse was elected to membership in the Intercollegiate Association of Amateur Athletes of America, and in 1898 won fifth place by scoring nine points. Several times later, a similar showing was made. At present the Athletic Govern- ing Board is in control of athletics and Mr. W. S. Smith, '09, is Graduate Manager. Syracuse now stands in athletics among the best colleges in the country. In 1901, occurred the unfortunate break with Cornell University, since which time athletic relations between the two universities have been suspended. Every lover of manly sports hopes to see a resumption of the pleasant and cordial rela- tions that for years marked the athletic intercourse of these neighboring halls of learning. It was in 1899 that the Navy was revived and boating organized a second time at Syracuse. It may surprise some of the readers to learn that boating was one of the earliest forms of athletic sports adopted at Syracuse. A crew was organized in 1873 and on June 25th a regatta was held on Onondaga Lake, in which citizen clubs from New York, Albany, Rochester, Union Springs and Buffalo entered crews under the auspices of the Boating Association of the University. But the effort and expense were too great for the few men available, and the University shell lay for some years rotting in a shed on the lake shore. But in 1899 the time had come and the men as well. Trustee Lyman Cornelius Smith offered to donate an 8-oared shell if the students would organize a crew and take up aquatics. The offer was eagerly accepted. Mr. C. W. Seamans gave the rowing machines. A regatta was held on Onondaga Lake June 7, 1901, in which Syracuse crews, 'Varsity and Freshman, were defeated respectively by the Francis Club crew of Cornell and the Junior Francis crew of Ithaca, and C. E. Goodwin by John M. Francis in a single scull race. The crew participated for the first time in the races on the Hudson on July 2, 1901, and ended the 'Varsity race ahead of Pennsylvania, fourth in the race. The crews won their first important successes May 24, 1902, the Freshmen defeating Cascadilla, and the 'Varsity the Laureates of Troy, the former also defeating the Newell crew of Harvard on Cayuga Lake a week later. A great victory was won on June 28, 1904, when at Poughkeepsie the Freshman crew won the race in 10:1 over Cornell, Pennsylvania and Columbia, and the 'Varsity was first, defeating all competitors, with a record of 20:22 3-5. In 1905, A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY [17 the four-oared won its race in 10:15 2-3, the other two crews coming in second. The freshmen won again in 1906. In 1908, both 'Varsity and four-oared won, etc., etc. There is an excellent athletic spirit in the University. It is a generous spirit, too, that does not consider victory as the sine qua non, though desirable, and conceives the great end to be training that makes stronger and healthier bodies. A gymna- sium is as necessary to a college as a library, a good field and track as a laboratory. Athletics should be endowed. The broad view that regards them as a part of a course in physical training and as purely amateur in character is to be emphasized and is the condition of their usefulness and even of their existence. The entire number of degrees conferred by Syracuse University to date (includ- ing Genesee College, 379, and Geneva Medical College, 721; altogether, 1100) is 10,916. Of these 1370 are duplicates, leaving 9546 as the number of individuals who have received degrees. Divided among the colleges of the University, the number is as follows : Liberal Arts, 4964 ; Medicine, 876 ; Fine Arts, 733 ; Law, 757; Applied Science, 796 ; Teachers, 177; Agriculture, 57 ; Forestry, 128; Library School, 79 ; School of Oratory, 30. The enrollment of students in 1871 was 41 ; in 1880, 288; in 1890, 649; in 1900, 1613; in 1910, 3256; in 1915, 4020; in 1920, more than 5000. Financial. The Treasurer's Report for 1884 shows as follows: Grounds and Buildings $212,000 Productive Endowment 233,190 Unproductive Endowment 94,800 Current Income 34,920 Current Expense 40,200 In 1894, the beginning of the present administration, the property complete totaled $1,780,825.54 ; the income from tuition was $19,968.95, and the total income $165,395.55. In 1898, the total resources were $2,638,247.53; total liabilities, $597,600.00; net resources, $2,040,647.53; endowment, $867,531.00; income from endowment, $16,607.00; income from other sources, $137,491.63; cash received and expended during the year, $161,381.19. In 1910, total resources were $5,348,315.36; liabilities, $482,916.52; receipts from tuition, $187,195.08; total receipts, $827,376.76; total disbursements, $814,456.54; increase in net resources since 1898, $2,824,951.31. For 1919 and 1920 the report is as follows: 1919 1920 Total assets $7,229,348.12 7,246,286.98 Increase over the preceding year 1,058,316.12 16,938.86 Total liabilities 3,393,230.75 3,641,517.62 Increase over 1918 251,771.80 248,286.89 i8] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 1919 1920 Educational Plant 4,819,823.18 4,877,922.58 Total income 416,403.95 424,306.45 Total expense 572,323.08 762,298.53 Current expense contribution 9,825.92 15,761.50 Net deficit 146,093.21 236,348.03 The greatest financial uplift in its history was the royal gift of $400,000 by John D. Archbold, president of the board of trustees, which, with the money raised to meet the wise condition, paid the debt and added to the endowment. The same gentleman furnished the means for many of the recent developments. Those who have made smaller gifts have done it out of smaller means and deserve credit with donors of larger benefactions. The latter have made notable gifts. A few of these donors are Bishop Peck, Eliphalet and Philo Remington, Erastus F. Holden, John Lyman, James J. Belden, John and Edgar Grouse, Lyman C. Smith, Andrew Carnegie, Samuel W. Bowne, Francis H. Root, Mrs. Russell Sage, Horace Wilkinson and Francis Hendricks. The most precious feature of the University history is that which deals with the men whose life work is wrought into that history and have given direction and character to the development of the institution. They can be little more than named in this article and those now in service must be omitted. Dr. Reid, trustee, in speaking of Alexander Winchell to the board declared that the very stones in Michigan were acquainted with him. He was professor of geology at Ann Arbor. His greatest work at Syracuse was in this department. His lectures were attended by many citizens eager to hear so famous a scholar. He was a poet speaking in prose. In order to accommodate him, almost all other college work was suspended in February and March of 1876, and a school of geology was given right of way. It was a great thing for a young university struggling for a foothold to have the benefit of the scholarship, the reputation and the active labor for five years of so great a man. Nothing else could have so operated to give standing to the college. His predecessor in executive office, Vice-President Daniel Steele, was an able man, scholarly and of noble character, but not so widely known. His services were brief. Chancellor E. O. Haven brought to his office a large experience and a fine reputation for scholarship and efficiency. He had served in the Senate of Massa- chusetts, had been secretary of the board of education of his denomination, was at one time a professor in the University of Michigan, and, later, for six years, its president; then president of the Northwestern University for three years; His services as an organizer were very valuable. His influence on the community and the constituency of the University was great. No nobler character was ever identified with us. Of Chancellor Sims we have already spoken. John R. French, quiet but efficient, impressed himself deeply on the institution- On him fell the whole burden of executive responsibility during the brief interim be- tween chancellors. The feeling of students and alumni toward him was one almost A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY [19 of awe, with deep respect that was close akin to affection. He was long a Dean and for two years Vice-Chancellor of the University. His death occurred in 1897. Professor W. P. Coddington was a member of the faculty of Genesee College from 1865. At Syracuse he was first Professor of Greek and later, of Philosophy. He was an able man and a fine teacher. He died in 1913. Professor John J. Brown, who died in 1891, came to Syracuse from Cornell, a man of science and one of the kindliest spirits that ever lived. His breadth, his earnestness, his reverent spirit left their marks on his students, who revered him. Dr. Charles W. Bennett, professor of history and logic, 1871-1884, was a man of unusual parts and training. The writer read Greek and Latin under his instruc- tion before going to college and, influenced by him, came to Syracuse. Dr. Bennett was not only well experienced in school affairs when he came to the University, but was a ripe scholar in certain fields of history and archaeology. Professor George F. Comfort, the founder of the College of Fine Arts, was an organizer and creator of unusual gifts. No man of the early days of the University could reach and interest in his projects so many men of the highest standing and the largest influence as he. George A. Parker is now the Dean. Professor William H. Schultze was a great musician and did much to put that department of instruction on a scholarly basis. He died at his post. Other excellent teachers in the Fine Arts might be named, such as Professors Wells, Curtis, Evans, Goetschius, Dallas, Read, the Gaggins, Hill and Hyatt and Ella I. French of delightful memory, Luella M. Stewart (Mrs. Holden), K. E. Stark (Mrs. Tyler), Unni Lund and many others. But two must not be omitted, namely, Dean Leroy M. Vernon and Dean Ensign McChesney. The former carried on the work of his predecessor with skill and success and the latter in his own way quite as successfully wrought for the upbuilding of the college. In the College of Medicine one need only mention the names. The honorable careers will at once tell their own story to the reader. Dean Frederick Hyde heads the list as the first executive and is followed by Dean Didama, whose noble life went out in 1905. These were great men. Other names are those of Professors Towler, Eastman, Nivison, Rider, Wilbur, the Dunlaps, Pease, Burt, Porter, Plant, William Manlius Smith and Miles G. Hyde. Dr. W. W. Porter as trustee, as well as professor, was exceedingly active and helpful and intensely loyal to the University. Dean Gaylord P. Clark was able, scholarly, a workman that needed not to be ashamed. Dr. J. L. Heffron is now Dean of the College. This account must not close without a brief tribute to three or four other men of Liberal Arts. Professor Charles J. Little came to us in 1885 from Dickinson College and became influential in University councils at once. His interest in public affairs gave him much influence in the city, and when, after six years of service, he severed his relations to succeed Dr. Bennett at Evanston, 111., there was general lament. Dr. Little was a man of great natural ability and of wide reading. so] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 Professor J. Scott Clark and Professor Lucien M. Underwood are like two bril- liant stars in our University firmament. Classmates in college and of the same fraternity, they were brothers always in work and affection. Their departure from us was greatly deplored. Both were well qualified in their respective depart- ments, both were distinguished authors, both were successful and inspiring teachers. We have omitted with one or two exceptions any reference to officers or professors who are now in service. These records are very incomplete, very fragmentary. Yet they bring to view a gallery of faces and forms that are familiar and have a lasting place not only in memory but in University history. What a heritage to any university is the memory and the lasting influence of the presence and work of such an array of distinguished characters. Perhaps no grander work or more fruitful of good results can engage the thought and energy of men than the founding and developing of a great university. The thought of one man or a few men may underlie it, but it requires the wise planning, the intelligent organizing, the generous giving, the faithful co-operation, the inspiring teaching of many other men and women to foster the plant and to realize its possibilities. Syracuse University is an admirable illustration. Prosperous almost beyond belief, its energies are devoted, not to the development of material results, but to the quickening of thought, the investigation of truth and the forma- tion of character. A few choice spirits labored at the founding; many loyal and zealous successors have entered into their labors and made them fruitful. Officers of the University BY THE EDITOR PRESIDENTS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES BISHOP JESSE T. PECK 1870-1873 CHANCELLOR ALEXANDER WINCHELL, 1873-1874 HON. DAVID DECKER 1874-1879 MR. FRANCIS H. ROOT 1879-1893 MR. JOHN D. ARCHBOLD 1893-1916 JUDGE CHARLES ANDREWS 1916-1918 HON. FRANCIS HENDRICKS 1918-1920 22] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 ALEXANDER WINCHELL, A.B. (Wesleyan); A.M. (Wesleyan); LL.D. (Wesleyan). Born 31 Dec. 1824 at North East, N. Y. Died 19 Feb. 1891 at Ann Arbor, Mich. Chancellor, Jan. 1873-4. Pro- fessor of Geology, Zoology and Botany, 1874-8. Professor of Geology and Paleontology in the University of Michi- gan, 1879-91. Author of many reports and books. ERASTUS OTIS HAVEN, A.B. (Wesleyan) ; A.M. (Wes- leyan); D.D. (Union) ; LL.D. (Ohio Wesleyan) . Born 1 Nov, 1820 at Boston, Mass. Died 2 Aug. 1881 at Salem, Ore. Chancellor, 1874-80 Bishop of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church 1880-1. Published numerous magazine articles and several books. CHARLES N. SIMS, A.B. (Asbury) 1859; A.M. (Ohio Wesleyan) 1860; A.M. (Asbury); D.D. (Asbury) 1861; LL.D. (Asbury) 1871; A.M. (Syracuse) 1900. Born 18 May 1835 at Fairfield, Ind. Died 27 March 1908 at Liberty, Ind. Author of several published addresses. Chancellor 1881-1893. Pastor of First M. E. Church, Syracuse, N. Y., 1898-1904. JAMES ROSCOE DAY, A.B. (Bowdoin) 1874; A.M. (Bowdoin); D.D. (Wesleyan, also Dickinson); S.T.D. (Bowdoin) ; LL.D. (Northwestern). D.C.L. L.H.D. (Syracuse). Born 17 Oct. 1845 at Whitneyville, Me. Chancellor, 1894-. Charles Henry Fowler Foundation since 1902. Author of "The Raid on Prosperity"; "My Neighbor, the Workingman," and numerous magazine articles, lectures and sermons. OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY [23 ACTING CHANCELLORS AND VICE-CHANCELLORS DANIEL STEELE, A. B. (Wesleyan); A.M. (Wesleyan) 1851; D.D. (Wesleyan) 1868. Born 5 Oct. 1824 at Windham, N. Y. Died 2 Sept. 1914 at Milton, Mass. Acting Chancellor for Commencement of 1872. Vice-President, 1871-2. Pastor in New Eng- land, 1872-. Professor of Doctrinal Theology, Boston University, 1886-. Author. JOHN RAYMOND FRENCH, A.B. (Union) 1849; A.M. (Wesleyan) 1852; LL.D. (Allegany) 1870. Born 21 April 1825 at Pulaski, N. Y. Died 26 April 1897 at Syracuse, N. Y. Chancellor pro-tem, Oct 1893- Apr 1894. Vice-Chancellor, 1895-7 Dean of the College of Liberal Arts, 1878-1897. Professor of Mathematics, 1871-1893. Francis H. Root Professor of Mathematics, 1893-1897. FRANK SMALLEY, A.B. (Syracuse) 1874; A.M. (Syra- cuse) 1876; Ph.D. (Syracuse) 1891; LL.D. (Colgate) 1909, also (Union) 1909. Born 10 Dec. 1846 at Towanda, Pa. Acting Chan- cellor, summer of 1903 and year of 1908-9. Vice- Chancellor Emeritus since Feb. 1917. Dean of the College of Liberal Arts, 1900-1917 Feb. Professor of Latin, 1877-. Gardiner Baker Professor of the Latin Language and Literature since 1893. Has published two articles in Regents Reports (1881 and 1882); Latin Hymns; and four books for college classes. 24] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 DEANS FREDERICK HYDE, M.D. (Fairfield) 1836. Born 27 January 1809 at Whitney's Point, N. Y. Died 15 Oct. 1887 at Cortland, N. Y. Dean of the College of Medicine, and Professor of Surgery, 1872-87. Pub- lished many articles. GEORGE F. COMFORT, A.B. (Wesleyan) 1857; A.M. (Wesleyan) 1860; L.H.D. (Univ. of State of N. Y.); LL.D. (Syracuse) 1893. Born 20 Sept. 1833 at Berkshire, N. Y. Died 5 May 1910 at Montclair, N. J. Dean of the College of Fine Arts (founded by him) and Professor of Esthetics and History of Fine Arts, 1873-1893. Published many books and articles. JOHN R. FRENCH (See Acting-Chancellors) . HENRY DARWIN DIDAMA, M.D. (Albany) Med. Coll. 1846. Born 17 June 1823 at Perryville, N. Y. Died 4 Oct. 1905 at Syracuse, N. Y. Dean of the College of Medi- cine and Professor of the Science and Art of Medicine and Clinical Medicine, 1888-1905. Emeritus Dean, 1905. OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY LEROY MONROE VERNON, A.B. (Iowa Wesleyan) 1860; A.M., 1863; D.D. (Univ. of Mo.) 1869. Born 3 April 1838 at Crawfordsville, Ind. Died 10 August 1896 at Syracuse, N. Y. Dean of the College of Fine Arts, 1893-1896. Professor of Esthetics and His- tory of the Fine Arts, 1893-1896. Has published religious articles. JAMES BYRON BROOKS, A.B. (Dartmouth) 1869; A.M., 1886. LL.B. (Albany Law School) 1871. D.C.L. (Syracuse) 1895. Born 27 June 1839 at Rockingham, Vt. Died 17 June 1914 at Syracuse, N. Y. Dean of the College of Law and Professor of Law, 1895-1914. ALBERT LEONARD, A.B. (Ohio University) 1888; A.M., 1891. Ph.D. (Hamilton) 1894. Born 21 Dec. 1857 at Logan, O. Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Professor of Pedagogy, 1897-1900. Editor Journal of Pedagogy. 26] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 ENSIGN MCCHESNEY, A.B. (Wesleyan); Ph.D. (Boston Univ.) 1879; D.D. (Wesleyan) 1888. Born 17 March 1844 near Troy, N. Y. Died 30 Nov. 1905 at Syracuse, N. Y. Dean of the College of Fine Arts and Professor of Esthetics and History of the Fine Arts, 1898-1905. Has published mainly religious articles. FRANK SMALLEY (See Acting-Chancellors). CHARLES LEWIS GRIFFIN, B.S. (Worcester Polyt. Inst.) 1888. Born 1867 at Springfield, Mass. Acting Dean of the College of Applied Science and Professor of Mechani- cal Engineering, 1902-1903. WILLIAM KENT, A.B.; A.M. 1873. M.E. (Stevens Inst. of Tech.). D.Sc, (Syracuse) 1905. Born 5 March 1851 at Philadelphia, Pa. Died 18 Sept. 1918 at Gananoque, Canada. Dean of the College of Applied Science and Professor of Mechanical Engineering, 1903-1908. Published many articles of an engineering character. OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY [27 GAYLORD PARSONS CLARK, A.B. (Williams) 1877; A.M. (Williams) 1880; M.D. (Syracuse) 1880. Born 12 Nov. 1856 at Syracuse, N. Y. Died 1 Sept. 1907 at Syracuse, N. Y. Dean of the College of Medi- cine, 1905-1907. Professor of Physiology, 1904-1907. GEORGE ALBERT PARKER, Mus.D. (Syracuse) 1893. Graduate of the Royal Conservatory of Music, Stuttgart, Germany. Born 21 Sept, 1856 at Kewanee, 111. Acting Dean of the College of Fine Arts, 1896-8. Dean of same, 1906-. Professor of Organ since 1906. ADOLPH^FREY, Mus.M. (Syracuse) 1902. Born 4 Apr. 1865 at Buchingen, Germany. Acting Dean of the College of Fine Arts, 1905-6. Professor of Piano and History of Music since 1894. 28] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 JACOB RICHARD STREET, A.B. (Victoria Univ.) 1884; A.M. (Toronto) 1888; Ph.D. (Clark) 1898. Born 1 July 1860 at Palmyra, Ont. Died 11 June 1920 at Syracuse, N. Y. Professor of Pedagogy, College of Liberal Arts, 1900-1910. Dean of the Teachers College, 1906-1917, February. Has published articles on edu- cational subjects. JOHN LORENZO HEFFRON, A.B. (Colgate) 1873; A.M. (Same) 1876; M.D. (Syracuse) 1881. Born 29 Nov. 1851 at New Woodstock, N. Y. Dean of the College of Medicine, 1907-. Professor of Clinical Medicine, 1895-. Has published articles on medical subjects. GEORGE HUGH SHEPARD, M.M.E. (Cornell) 1902. Born 28 Dec. 1870 at Trempalean, Wis. Dean of the College of Applied Science, 1908-1911. Professor of Mechanical Engineering, same, 1909-1911. Has pub- lished articles bearing on engineering problems. OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY [29 JEAN MARIE RICHARDS, Litt.B. (Smith) 1895. Born 10 Nov. 1871. Dean of Women, 1909-. Instructor in English, 1895-1900. Associate Professor of English, 1900-1903. Professor of English since 1903. WILLIAM PRATT GRAHAM, B.S. (Syracuse) 1893; Ph.D. (Berlin, Germany) 1897. Born 24 Nov. 1871 at Oswego, N. Y. Dean of the College of Applied Science, 191 1-. Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering, 1897-1901. Professor of Electrical Engineering since 1901. HUGH POTTER BAKER, M.F. (Yale); D.Oec. (Munich). Born 20 Jan. 1878 at St. Croix Falls, Wis. Dean of the College of Forestry, 1912-1920, February. THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 FRANK WILLIAM HOWE, A.B. (Mich.); M.S. (Mich. Agr.). Director of the Division of Agriculture, 1912-13. Dean of the College of Agriculture, 1913-1920. Professor of Farm Management. WILLIAM HENRY METZLER, A.B. (Clark) 1892. 1888; Ph.D. Born 18 Sept. 1863 at Odessa, Ont. Professor of Mathe- matics since 1896. Francis H. Root Professor of Mathematics since 1897. Dean of the Graduate School, 1913-1917. HENRY ALLEN PECK, A.B. (Syracuse) 1885; A.M. (Same) 1888. Ph.D. (Strassburg, Germany) 1896. Born 3 May 1863 at Mexico, N. Y. Erastus Franklin Holden Professor of Astronomy, 1901-1919. Dean of the College of Liberal Arts, Feb. 1917-. Has published many articles on Astronomy. OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY WILLIAM L. BRAY, A.B. (Indiana) 1893; A.M. (Lake Forest) 1894; Ph.D. (Chicago) 1898. Born 19 Sept. 1865 at Burnside, 111. Professor of Botany since 1907. Acting Dean of the College of Forestry, 1911-1912. Dean of the Graduate School, 1917-. MARK EMBURY PENNEY. Ph.D. (Cornell). Professor of Philosophy, 1915-1917. Dean of the Teachers College, Feb. 1917-1920. FREDERICK FRANKLIN MOON, A.B. (Amherst) 1901; M.F. (Yale) 1909. Born 3 July 1880 at Easton, Pa. Professor of Forest Engineering, 1913-. Acting-Dean of the College of Forestry, Feb.-June, 1920. Dean of Same, 1920-. 32] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 ALBERT S. HURST, A.B. (Univ. of Toronto) 1899; A.M. (Yale) 1904; Ph.D. (Yale) 1905. Born 13 Aug. 1866 at Morpath, Ont., Can. Instructor in the History and Principles of Education, 1906-1907; Associate Professor of Same, 1907-1909; Associate Professor of the History and Philosophy of Education, 1909-. Dean of the Teachers College, 1920-. REUBEN L. NYE, B.S. (Mich. Agr. College). Professor of Agricultural Teaching and Rural Life, 19 19-. Dean of the College of Agriculture, 1920-. OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY [33 DIRECTORS OF THE LIBRARY SCHOOL Librarian HENRY O. SIBLEY, Ph.D. 1889-1904. Librarian MARY J. O'BRYON SIBLEY, Ph.D., 1905-1913. Librarian EARL E. SPERRY, Ph.D. 1913-. 34] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 DIRECTORS OF THE SUMMER SCHOOL Professor J. R. STREET, Ph.D., 1902-6. Professor F. J. HOLZWARTH, Ph.D., 1906-8. Dean F. SMALLEY, LL.D., 1908-1911. Prof. E. C. MORRIS, A.M. Prof . M. E. SMITH, Ph.D. 1911-1916. 1917-1919. Prof. LOREN C. PETRY, Ph.D. 1920-. OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY [35 DEANS OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL Professor WILLIAM H. METZLER, Ph.D., 1911-1917. Professor WILLIAM L. BRAY, Ph.D., 1917-. DIRECTOR OF THE SCHOOL OF ORATORY Professor HUGH M. TILROE, A.B., 1913-. DIRECTORS OF THE EVENING SESSION Prof. M. E. SMITH, Ph.D., 1918-1919. Prof. F. F. DECKER, Ph.D., 1919- PROFESSOR F. F. DECKER, PH.D. 36] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 DIRECTOR OP THE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Professor J. HERMAN WHARTON, A.M. 1919-. DIRECTOR OF THE SCHOOL OF HOME ECONOMICS Professor FLORENCE E. S. KNAPP 1918-. DIRECTOR OF THE SCHOOL OF NURSING SUPERINTENDENT NELLIE R. HAMILL, R.N. 19 16-. OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY [37 DIRECTOR OF MILITARY SCIENCE AND TACTICS Professor SIDNEY F. MASHBIR, Capt. U. S. A., 1919-1920. Professor OSCAR W. GRISWOLD, Major U. S. A., 1920-. PROF. SIDNEY F. MASHBIR. LIBRARIANS MR. JOHN P. GRIFFIN, A.M., 1871-5. Professor CHARLES W. BENNETT, LL.D., 1875-1885. Professor W. P. CODDIXGTON, D.D., 1885-1889. MR. HENRY O. SIBLEY, Ph.D., 1889-1904. MRS. MARY J. O'BRYON SIBLEY, Ph.D., Assistant Librarian, 1889-1892. Acting Librarian, 1904-1913. Professor EARL E. SPERRY, Ph.D., 1913-. REGISTRARS MR. JOHN P. GRIFFIN, A.M., 1871-5. Professor JOHN R. FRENCH, LL.D., 1875-94. Professor FRANK SMALLEY, Ph.D., 1894-1900. Professor ERNEST N. PATTEE, M.S., 1900-1902. Rev. C. C. WILBOR, Ph.D., D.D., 1902-1914. Professor Ross JEWELL, Ph.D., 1914-. Members of the Faculty Who Died While in the Service of the University BY THE EDITOR JOHN W. LAWTON, M.D., Died 3 June 1874 at Syracuse, N. Y. Professor of Clinical Ophthalmology and Otology, 1872-1874. HERVEY BACKUS WILBUR, A.B.; M.D. Died 1 May 1883 at Syracuse, N. Y. Professor of the Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System, 1872-1876. Lecturer on Insanity, 1876-1893. WILFRED WICKLIFFE PORTER, M.D. Died 2 June 1885 at Geddes, N. Y. Professor of Clinical Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, 1872-1874. Pro- fessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1874-1885. JOHN TOWLER, M.A. Died 2 April 1886 at Orange, N. J. Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, Genesee College, 1851-1853. Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Toxicology, Medical Jurisprudence, General and Special Anatomy, Geneva Medical College, 1853-1872. Professor of General, Special and Surgi ; cal Anatomy, 1872-1873. Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology, 1873-1880. Emeritus Professor, 1880-1886. ROGER WILLIAMS PEASE, M.D. Died 28 May 1886 at Syracuse, N. Y. Professor of Clinical Surgery, 1876-1886. Professor of Operative and Clinical Surgery, 1876-1886. FREDERICK HYDE, M.D. Died 15 Oct. 1887 at Cortland, N. Y. Professor of Surgery, 1872-1887. Dean of the College of Medicine, 1872-1887. Published a number of papers on medical subjects. WILLIAM HEINRICH SCHULTZE, Mus.D. Died 26 Sept. 1888 at Syracuse, N. Y. Professor of Theory and Practice of Music. 1877-1888. JOHN JACKSON BROWN, A.M.; LL.D. Died 15 Aug. 1891 at Syracuse, N. Y. Professor of Physics and Chemistry, 1871-1889. Emeritus Professor of the same, 1889-91. NELSON NIVISON, M.D. Died July 1893 at Burdett, N. Y. Professor of Physiology, Pathology and Hygiene, 1887-1893. WILLIAM BRADLEY BREED, B.S.; M.D. Died 24 Oct. 1893 at New York City. Instructor in Histology, 1893-1894. WILLIAM HERBERT DUNLAP, B.S.; M.D. Died 11 Nov. 1895 at Syracuse, N. Y. Instructor in Materia Medica and Therapeutics, 1882-1883. Lecturer on same, 1883-1884. Professor of same, 1884-1887. Professor of Dermartology, 1887-1895. Registrar of the College of Medicine, 1888-1893. 38 FACULTY MEMBERS WHO DIED IN THE SERVICE OF THE UNIVERSITY [39 LEROY MONROE VERNON, A.B.; A.M.; D.D. Died 10 Aug. 1896 at Syracuse, N. Y. Dean of the College of Fine Arts, Jan. 1893-1896. JOHN RAYMOND FRENCH, A.B.; A.M.; LL.D. Died 26 April 1897 at Syracuse, N. Y. Professor of Mathematics, 1871-1893. Francis H. Root Professor of Mathematics, 1893-1897. Dean of the College of Liberal Arts, 1878-1897. Vice-Chancellor of the University, 1895-1897. Chancellor Pro Tern, Oct. 1893 to April 1894. JAMES WILLIAM WILSON, A.B.; A.M. Died 16 April 1898 at Syracuse, N. Y. Lecturer on Medical Jurispreudence, 1895-1898. JOHN HENRY BOYNTON, A.B.; A.M.; Ph.D. Died 22 May 1898 at Woodstock, Vt. Instructor in English, 1897-1898. WILLIAM TOMLINSON PLANT, M.D. Died 27 Oct. 1898 at Syracuse, N. Y. Professor of Medical Jurisprudence, 1872-1873; of Clinical Medicine and Medica Juris- prudence, 1873-1876: of Clinical and Forensic Medicine, 1876-1879; of Diseases of Children and Forensic Medicine, 1879-1886. Emeritus Professor ofPediatrics, 1886-1895. Registrar of the College of Medicine, 1874-1888. SCOTT OWEN, M.D. Died 2 Jan. 1899 at Syracuse, N. Y. Instructor in Anatomy, 1885-1891. Lecturer on Anatomy, 1891-1893. Professor of Anatomy, 1892-1899. WILLIAM MANLIUS SMITH, A.B.; A.M.; M.D. Died 4 May 1900 at Syracuse, N. Y. Professor of Botany and Adjunct Professor of Materia Medica, 1876. Professor of Medical Chemistry and Botany, 1877-1890; of Chemistry, 1890-1899. Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, 1899-1900. UNNI LUND. Died 16 Nov. 1901 at Syracuse, N. Y. Professor of Vocal Music, 1893-1901. HENRY BIGELOW ALLEN, M.D. Died 30 Jan. 1904 at Baldwinsville, N. Y. Lecturer on Obstetrics, 1885-1886. Professor of same, 1886-1901. Emeritus Professor of same, 1901-1904. ELLA IRENE FRENCH, B.Mus. Died 24 June 1904 at Syracuse, N. Y. Instructor in Piano, 1884-1894. Professor of same, 1894-1904. HENRY ORRIN SIBLEY, A.B. ; A.M. ; Ph.D. Died 11 April 1905 at Syracuse, N. Y. Librarian, 1889-1904. Instructor in Library Economics, 1892-1900; same in Library Economy, 1900-1901. Professor of Library Economy, 1901-1904. HENRY DARWIN DIDAMA, M.D.; LL.D. Died 4 Oct. 1905 at Syracuse, N. Y. Professor of Clinical Medicine, 1872-1873. Professor of Principles and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine, 1873-1888. Dean of the College of Medicine, 1888-1905. Emeritus Dean. 1905 40] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 ENSIGN MCCHESNEY, A.B.; Ph.D.; D.D. Died 30 Nov. 1905 at Syracuse, N. Y. Dean of the College of Fine Arts, 1898-1905. GAYLORD PARSONS CLARK, A.B. ; A.M. ; M.D. Died 1 Sept. 1907 at Syracuse, N. Y. Lecturer on Anatomy, 1880-1881. Professor of Anatomy, 1881-1892. Professor of Physiology, 1892-1907. Lecturer on Artistic Anatomy, College of Fine Arts, 1891-1897. Professor of Physiology, College of Liberal Arts, 1897-1907. Dean of the College of Medicine, 1905-1907. ALBERT AUGUST MACK. Died 5 Jan. 1908 at Syracuse, N. Y. Instructor in Piano and Theory of Music, 1905-1906. Associate Professor of Piano and Theory of Music, 1906-1907. Professor of same, 1906-1908. REINE HARDEN HICKEY. Died 17 April 1908 at Syracuse, N. Y. Instructor in Vocal Music, 1907-1908. JAMES DUANE PHELPS, A.B. ; A.M. ; D.D. Died 19 Aug. 1908 at Utica, N. Y. Financial Secretary, appointed by the Genesee Conference, 1899-1908. JAMES B. FAULKS, JR., M.E. Died 5 Jan. 1910 at Syracuse, N. Y. Instructor in Experimental Engineering, 1904-1906. Assistant Professor of Experimental Engineering, 1906-1907. Associate Professor of same, 1907-1909. Professor of same, 1909-1910. GEORGE McGowAN, LL.B. Died 5 July 1910 at Skaneateles, N. Y. Lecturer on Elementary Law and Trusts, 1895-1899. Instructor in Elementary Law and Trusts, 1899-1900. Instructor in Elementary Law, 1900-1909. Instructor, 1909-1910 HERBERT MORSE BURCHARD, A.B.; A.M.; Ph.D. Died 21 Aug. 1911 at Syracuse, N. Y. Instructor in Greek, 1899-1900. Associate Professor of Greek, 1900-1901. Professor of Greek, 1901-1911. ALTON EUGENE DARBY, B.Mus. Died 19 Jan. 1912 at Homer, N. Y. Instructor in Violin", 1907-1912. PETER BAILLIE MCLENNAN, A.B. ; A.M.; Ph.D. Died 8 May 1913 at Syracuse, N. Y. Lecturer on Trials of Actions, 1895-1913. ALBERT STEUBEN HOTALING, M.D. Died 7 Aug. 1913 at Syracuse, N. Y. Assistant in Clinical Obstetrics, 1901-1902. Instructor in same, 1902-1906. Lecturer on same, 1906-1908. Associate Professor of same, 1908-1911. Professor of Same, 1911- 1913. WELLESLEY PERRY CODDINGTON, A.B.; A.M.; D.D. Died 13 Aug. 1913 at Ham- burg, Germany. Professor of Modern Languages (Genesee College) 1865-1866. Professor of Greek and German (Genesee College) 1866-1868. Professor of Greek and Latin (Genesee College) 1868-1871. Professor of Greek (Syracuse University) 1871-1873. Professor of Greek and Ethics, 1873-1891. Professor of Philosophy and Pedagogy, 1891-1897. Professor of Philosophy, 1897-1913. Professor of Philosophy and Psychology, Teachers College, 1906-1913. FACULTY MEMBERS WHO DIED IN THE SERVICE OF THE UNIVERSITY [41 NATHAN JACOBSON, M.D. Died 16 Sept. 1913 at Syracuse, N. Y. Instructor in Surgery, 1886-1887. Instructor in Laryngology, 1887-1888. Lecturer on Laryngology and Clinical Surgery, 1888-1889. Professor of same, 1889-1893. Professor of Clinical Surgery, 1893-1906. Professor of Surgery, 1906-1913. Published many medical articles. DANIEL PRATT, A.B.; A.M. Died 12 Feb. 1914 at Syracuse, N. Y. ' Assistant in Mathematics, 1902-1905. Instructor in same, 1905-1907. Assistant Pro- fessor of same, 1907-1914. JAMES BYRON BROOKS, A.B.; A.M.; LL.B.; D.C.L. Died 14 June 1914 at Syracuse, N. Y. Dean of the College of Law, 1895-1914. Instructor in Equity Jurisprudence and Wills, 1895-1897. Instructor in Equity Jurisprudence, Trusts and Constitutional Law, 1897- 1899. Professor of Law (Equity Jurisprudence, Trusts and Constitutional Law) , 1899-1900 Professor of Law (Procedure at Common Law and Constitutional Law), 1900-1902; same (Procedure at Common Law, Agency, Medical Jurisprudence and Roman Law), 1904-1905; same (Procedure at Common Law, Trusts, Medical Jurisprudence and Roman Law), 1905 1907; same (Procedure at Common Law and Trusts), 1907-1914. Was a Captain in the Civil War. ALFRED MERCER, M.D. Died 5 Aug. 1914 at Syracuse, N. Y. Professor of Minor and Clinical Surgery, 1872-1884. Professor of State Medicine, 1884- 1895; Emeritus Professor of State Medicine, 1895-1914. Author of many articles on medical subjects. HENRY L. ELSNER, M.D.; LL.D. Died 17 Feb. 1916 at Syracuse, N. Y. Instructor in Practice of Medicine, 1882-1884. Lecturer on same, 1884-1886. Professor of Clinical Medicine, 1886-1893. Professor of the Science and Art of Medicine and Clinical Medicine, 1893-1904. Professor of Medicine, 1904-1916. Author of many articles on Medicine. CHARLES FREDERICK WILEY, Ph.B.; M.D. Died 1 May 1916 at Syracuse, N. Y. Instructor in Pathology and Bacteriology, 1896-1898. Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1903-1905. Neurologist at the Dispensary, 1903-1916. EDGAR COIT MORRIS, A.B.; A.M. Died 25 Dec. 1916 at Syracuse, N. Y. Instructor in Rhetoric and the English Language, 1895-1895. Professor of same, 1895-97. Professor of English, 1897-1899. Jesse Truesdell Peck Professor of English Literature, 1899-1916. Author. FRANK D. HARRIS, A.B. Died 11 Oct. 1918 at Syracuse, N. Y. Instructor in English, 1918-. GRANT R. HAIGHT, C.E. Died 1 Feb. 1920 at Syracuse, N. Y. Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, 1919-1920. University Celebrates Laying of First Corner- Stone in August, 1871 (From Syracuse Herald, June 13, 1920) A ROSS the chasm of half a century, memories of Syracuse University are greet- ing realities of today ; the University is celebrating its golden jubilee, doing honor to the institution for which the corner-stone was laid August 31, 1871. It was the corner-stone for the old Hall of Languages, the parent building on Syracuse University campus, where now 13 lordly halls and colleges rear their heads. The parent has taken on new stature, too, since the building, begun in 1871, was finished. The central tower has been placed since, so that the old build- ing resting, as it does, on the very crown of "piety hill", well tops the surrounding temples of knowledge. It was a big day in Syracuse, that August 31, 1871. The corner-stone of Syracuse University and that of the University Ave. M. E. Church were laid on the same day, the vast throng which had witnessed the laying of what was to become one of the greatest universities in these United States, trooping to the site of the church after the ceremonies on the "hill" were finished. Among those who witnessed both ceremonies and who have met and discussed the affairs since the golden jubilee celebration began, were Frank Smalley, now vice-chancellor, but then a student-to-be in the new College, and Miss Alice C. Ranger of 406 Irving Ave., who afterward was for a time a student in the College of Fine Arts. On that day, at 10 o'clock in the morning, Syracuse folk gathered at Shakespeare Hall to witness the inauguration of the faculty of the new university. The Rev. Dr. Jesse T. Peck, president of the board of trustees, made the inaugural charge, an old record saying that "the members of the faculty rose in their places on the plat- form and remained standing during the charge". Four men were inaugurated on that day, Prof. John R. French, Prof. W. P. Coddington, Prof. J. J. Brown and Prof. C. W. Bennett. [Five men were inaugur- ated. At their head was Vice-President Daniel Steele. Editor.] Now the college faculty numbers nearly 400. It was 12 years before a woman was admitted to the faculty board, when Miss Katherine E. Stark became an instructor in the College of Fine Arts, in 1883. Now there are 93 women among the teachers at Syracuse University. Dr. Peck, who had earlier in the day charged the newly elected faculty members laid the corner-stone for the new edifice. His dedication speech, read today, seems to these men and women who have come back to Syracuse for the jubilee, to have been almost in the nature of a prophecy. 42 LAYING OF FIRST CORNERSTONE IN 1871 [43 He said: "By authority vested in me by the board of trustees, I hereby declare this to be the corner-stone of Syracuse University an institution devoted to the diffusion of knowledge among men, the promotion of Christian learning, literature and science and the knowledge of the learned professions." Andrew D. White, first president of Cornell University, was one of the speakers at that corner-stone ceremonial. Jacob Gould Schurman, President of Cornell today, was the principal speaker at the golden jubilee ceremony held on Friday. Mary Lydia Huntley was the first co-ed to win her degree at Syracuse Uni- versity. [She was the only woman in the first class graduated, 1872, consisting of 19 members. Editor.] She was graduated with a B.S. degree in 1872. Co-eds were few in those early days, but nowadays women form a good percentage of the student body, as illustrated by the graduating class of 1920. There were no dormitories in connection with Syracuse University in those early days; students who came here from other cities sought food and lodging with citizens who opened their homes to these seekers after knowledge. Now there are thirteen dormitories and cottages, one of them, Sims Hall, in three sections, the equivalent of three buildings. Some of the "old-timers", who are numbered among the "Kum-Baks", are laughing this week over the pranks which co-eds played shortly after the names of Haven Hall and Winchell Hall had been placed over the entrances of these build- ings. In some manner they inserted an "e" between the "h" and "a" of Haven a very lean "e" but still apparent while with putty they entirely obliterated the "wine" from Winchell. Girls were girls even so long ago as when Haven and Winchell halls were named. Vice-Chancellor Smalley is the only man at the University now who was there when the corner-stone was laid. In the intervening time he has been professor, dean, acting chancellor and vice-chancellor emeritus. Classes were held in the Myers block until the new building was completed, the College of Liberal Arts opening its courses in September, 1871. The College of Physicians and Surgeons commenced its first courses in October of the following year. The Hall of Languages was not completed until May, 1873. II Phi Beta Kappa Banquet AS a preliminary event of the Golden Jubilee and in a co-ordinate celebration of its Silver Anniversary, the New York Kappa Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, located at the University, gave a dinner in the College of Agriculture at six p. m., March 25, and at eight p. m. of the same date held anniversary exercises in the audience room of the John Grouse College. The reader will note that March 25, 1920, is fifty years to a day from the approval and recording of the charter of the University. The Kappa chapter was granted to the University on September 11, 1895, and the charter was received in December of the same year. An interesting editorial appears in the DAILY ORANGE of March 25, 1920. It follows: Two BIRTHDAYS Syracuse University is just fifty years old today. On March 25, 1870, the charter was granted for what now stands out as one of the greatest and best uni- versities of the country. The New York Kappa chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, honorary society, is twenty- five years old. Its charter was granted on March 25, 1895. [September 11, 1895. Editor.] Both will be celebrated tonight when the Silver Anniversary dinner of Phi Beta Kappa will be held in Slocum Hall. The strides taken during the past fifty years in the building up of the University are so great as to make them almost unbelievable to the average citizen. Yet they came as a result of the high grade of work required and maintained within her halls. Phi Beta Kappa has been an important factor in the lifting up of the scholastic standards and ultimately in influencing the University's growth. The anniversary dinner in celebration of both birthdays tonight is auspicious and should be properly supported by all men and women of the University and city who have been honored by membership in the Phi Beta Kappa society. The DAILY ORANGE also makes the following report for the dinner or banquet : Nearly 200 members of Phi Beta Kappa sat down to a banquet in the Slocum College of Agriculture last evening. Many out of town members of the national fraternity were present, some of whom represent other universities. Mr. Charles W. Tooke, chairman of proceedings, introduced several of these guests for short speeches between courses. One representative from Colgate brought congratulations from his college. In the course of a brief talk he said that one of the most vivid recollections of his childhood was that of the Hall of Languages standing alone in the midst of a wilderness. The Hamilton College speaker thanked the Kappa chapter for its invitation to attend its anniversary functions. The Cornell representative brought greetings from Cornell, and also gave a message of congratulation from Union College, whose representative was unexpectedly detained. 44 PHI BETA KAPPA BANQUET* 45 After the delegate from Rochester University had spoken briefly, Dr. Birge of Wisconsin, the speaker of the evening, addressed a few words to the assembled members of the fraternity. A table opposite to the speakers was reserved for the forty-eight initiates. The tables were decorated with daffodils and hyacinths and with candles of yellow and heliotrope. Before the dessert course, a large birthday cake, lighted by twenty-five candles, was brought to Mr. Tooke as a birthday gift to the chapter from Mrs. Knapp of the Home Economics School At the Anniversary meeting in the John Grouse College, Chancellor Day made the introductory address. He said: "The University is about to close its fiftieth year, the charter is recording its fiftieth anniversary and Phi Beta Kappa is recording its twenty-fifth anniversary. The University is recording its emancipation from the odium stigma, that has been used against it, of sectarianism. It has never been sectarian, but persistently and frequently it has been said of us, 'They are sectarian'." Dr. Day then went on to tell of the revision of the old charter which had been made just recently. In concluding his speech, he said, "We are starting with the old charter revised and our spirit renewed ; and the great University today will be the greater University in fifty years." Mr. William Nottingham, '76, followed with an address on "Charter Day". The following is a brief abstract of his remarks : "This institution fifty years of age had no location except in the support of a body of zealous men and women. It is from a source like that, that in the course of human progress those movements have issued, that after going a great distance and continually gaining strength in the striving, have become the crowns of the kingdom." "This University had a liberal endowment of faith and courage. With such a beginning it was evident that it must achieve success." "The foundation of Liberal Arts was laid six months [eighteen months- Editor] after the charter was filed, namely, in August, 1871". Dr. Notting- ham explained that since the University was not very large, the number of professors in the institution comprised at first only five members. The salary of the first president was stated to be $2500, and that of the professors, $2000 each. [But this was immediately changed to $2500 for each professor. Editor.] "The professors were a magnificent body of men. They taught from the love of it. They were men who were fully and completely equipped and they gave their time without stint. "This University has always stood for broad liberal education, for highest ideals, for service to mankind, for statesmanlike development and for the kind of education we need now, to grapple with the great world problems." 46] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 In conclusion, Dr. Nottingham said, "I have no doubt of its future". "I can only say that it is the devout wish of all in Syracuse and the country roundabout that the next fifty years may be as prolific as the past fifty years have been." The Phi Beta Kappa fraternity was organized at the College of William and Mary at Williamsburg, Va., on Dec. 5, 1776. The chapters in the United States have increased with the growth in the institutions of learning until at the present date the number is ninety-two, which have become known as the "United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa". Dr. Edward Birge was chosen last September as the president of the "United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa". He is president of the University of Wisconsin. The "Phi Beta Kappa Oration" was delivered by Dr. Birge. In his speech Dr. Birge expressed the ''hope that Phi Beta Kappa will be a vital influence in shaping the destiny of Syracuse University and of the students studying within its walls." "Dr. Birge then continued to give a brief history of learning from ancient Greek times to the present time touching especially on the subject of 'Humanism'." His address follows in full. In Lucem Gentium ADDRESS BY EDWARD A. BIRGE, PH.D., SC.D., LL.D., PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN AND PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED CHAPTERS OF PHI BETA KAPPA HIGHER education in Europe since the middle ages has been controlled successively by three systems of thought. Through the centuries which elapsed from the beginning of what we should now call university training until the revival of learning, scholasticism was dominant. With the develop- ment of a specialized interest in the learning of Rome and Greece, humanism succeeded to power and maintained its place for centuries. Finally, about the middle of the 19th century, a new revolution brought science to the front. Such, stated briefly and therefore very imperfectly, is the succession of domin- ance. I say dominance because the old did not disappear when the entrance of the new pushed it from the seat of control. For scholasticism still lives. I sup- pose that the philosophy and the theology of St. Thomas Aquinas have more adherents today than at the revival of learning. I need not say to a university audience that the humanities still hold a first place, if no longer the leading place, in university life and teaching. Yet none the less the fortunes of scholasticism in the last years of the 15th century and the early part of the 16th were of immeasurable significance to university life and to society. No less significant is the change which has developed and which is still developing in our own time. I propose, therefore, to sketch this later revolution in the light of its predecessor four centuries ago ; to name some of the factors which preceded and made possible the revolution; to examine the remedies attempted or proposed by humanists; and I do this in order that we may see whether Phi Beta Kappa has any part to play in the situation. There can hardly be more than one answer to the last question. As the charter of liberal education has broadened, the boundaries of Phi Beta Kappa have enlarged. Nothing that belongs to liberal training is alien to her. Yet Phi Beta Kappa, like the American college, was born of humanistic culture and she must always retain not only a peculiar affection for the source from which she sprung but peculiar duties toward it. Nor will science in the least grudge at this statement. For none know better than scientists the necessity of the presence in full strength in higher education of the learning which arises out of the human spirit, as well as that which nature teaches us. None feel more profoundly than they that the guide of life is to be found not merely in a knowledge of surrounding nature but also in the history and the achievements, in the glories and the errors of our past. We have all had the pleasant experience of reading a book whose name has been for years vaguely before the mind. But few of you can have carried in mind a 47 48] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 name for so many years as I have done, and fewer still can have had as much pleasure in the long deferred reading. When I was a young boy on a Connecticut farm, there were two works in my father's bookcase which were indicated only as a last resort after long storms from the Atlantic had exhausted all other indoor possibilities. These were Plutarch's Lives and d'Aubigne's History of the Reforma- tion. In the latter book I read of the Epistolae Obscurorum Virorum; and, as years passed, the name though little else of that humanist symptom of an approaching revolution remained in my mind, coming to the surface now and then according to the habit of such unconsidered trifles. But more than fifty years went by before the book looked at me from its shelf in the University library, reproaching me for long delay. When I read it all the more easily because its Latin is of a canine quality I did not know whether to regret that my pleasure had been put off so long or to be glad that I read the book when life had taught me how to appreciate it. The book dates from the early 16th century. It purports to be a collection of letters addressed by his friends to the protagonist of orthodoxy in the church and of scholasticism in the university. It is part of a quarrel, academic and theological which was then famous but is now as obscure as the writers of the letters. For these letters really emanated not from their alleged authors, but from a group of young humanists belonging to the then unorthodox party. These humanists attributed the letters to their opponents, to various "obscure men", some of them real, most of them feigned. So the book constitutes a scurrilous satire on monks and especially on the schoolmen of the universities, on their life and teaching, on all that was rejected from the university world of their fathers by the youthful cham- pions of the new learning. No ordinary adjectives will justly characterize it, either for scurrility or for wit. But it was neither of these qualities which most interested me ; it was rather the unconscious revelation by its authors of their attitude toward thought and toward the world. I seemed indeed (and this it was that most attracted me) to find the same fundamental temper in these young lions of the new learning that was present in the youthful champions of science forty or more years ago. One almost inevitably associates with humanism at least if he is a mid- Victorian like myself that sweet reasonableness which Arnold taught us is the proper quality of those that are exer- cised thereby; but, if there had been as little of reason as there was of sweetness in the authors of these letters the book and its cause would have perished together. They had indeed in most exaggerated form all the bad qualities that the classicists attributed to the scientists of the '60's and '70's. Those who pulled the wires to which danced the puppets of the obscure men had all the arrogance of the new, all of its bumptiousness, its irreverence, its carelessness of the accumulated treasures of the past, its blindness to all but the new. In reading the book it became plain to me as never before that the 'sztslxsta of More and Erasmus was no more incarnate in the young humanist of the opening 16th century than was Darwin's temper that of the young scientist of the mid-19th century. IN LUCEM GENTIUM [49 But though these humanists had the defects of the scientists of my youth and had them in a far more aggravated form, they had also the same virtues. They saw that the university training of their day no longer furnished an interpretation of the life which men live, or met the problems which that life was proposing to their generation. In the new learning they saw the message for the new day. They found in humanism the key which was to unlock the door of the future, the power which should touch life to new and higher issues. And this faith was well founded, though held in uncharitableness and enforced with intolerance. With all its faults, and indeed in some degree because of its faults, the new and vigorous humanism proved strong enough to overcome scholasticism. The higher learning came under the control of a new dynasty, and that in the ordinary way in which new dynasties arise. If one goes farther back, he may find something of the same story in scholasti- cism. It did not indeed dethrone a predecessor for there was no ruling predecessor to dethrone ; but like humanism it came to help men solve insistent questions of life and destiny. It came as the bold incursion of human thought into a world unknown or vaguely adumbrated. It came to bring accuracy into confused ideas, to enforce exactness in the use of terms, to discover the conditions of consecutive thought in the discussion of great and vital problems. But after scholasticism had possessed the universities for centuries the humanist could see nothing of this in it. He saw only an utter incapacity for appreciating the problems of life as his generation must solve them a double incapacity for attempting their solution. The world agreed with the humanist and ensuing generations witnessed a revolution in education and in human thought, which had no earlier example and which found no later parallel until Darwin and Huxley became the Erasmus and Luther of a new reformation. We who recall that later contest between science and humanism find in these letters a record of a similar struggle under similar conditions, but with the parts reversed. Humanism, then young and vigorous, was invading university life, and the scholastics met the invasion by methods strangely similar to those used by the humanists more than three centuries later. The men trained in the orthodox learning of the day complained bitterly of the decadence of university life, corrupted by the humanists the poets, as they were called, because they "professed poetry". Swarms of these new poets were forcing themselves into the faculties. They were leading the students astray in crowds, diverting them from solid study and causing them to waste time over useless poetry. It is worth our while to hear some of these complaints, as set forth in the Epistolae, so that we may learn how the atmosphere which emanates from the classical lecture room may be in its time quite as "noxious" as that from the scientific laboratory. Listen to the words of Magister Perlirus of course, one of the imagined scholas- tics touching the sad case of the University of Leipzig:* "Lately came here a *I use, with a good deal of freedom, the translation of F. G. Stokes. 50 ] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 poet who lectureth on Greek, Richard Croke by name, and he cometh from Eng- land. And just now I said, 'Cometh lie from England? The devil he doth. I believe that if there dwelt a poet where the pepper groweth, he would come inconti- nent to Leipzig. I believe that the University will ere long perish because of these poets who swarm here marvelously'." For the poets were then as pestilent members of the faculty as are today the teachers of commerce and engineering. They were "ever talking about poetry and finding much to blame in the old fathers and grammarians Alexander of Paris, the "Verba Deponentalia and Remigius and the others." One poet was indeed so shameless as to say that the great Alexander Gallus himself was nothing but a Paris ass. No wonder that in view of such irreverence a pious schoolman should write: "I trow the devil is in these poets. They go about to destroy the universities." Exposed to such influences as these the students became just as bad. Hear from young Magister Konrad Unckebunck, by his own testimony one of the scanty remnant, one of the faithful among the faithless students at Leipzig, one who devoted himself to the study of the then ancient classics Peter of Spain and his Parva Logicalia, Johann Sintheim's Dicta, and other solid authors of great disciplinary value. He was, as he tells us, one of the "zealous students in the schools who held masters of arts in honor and if they spied a magister they fell to trembling as if they had seen a devil." But now the good old times are gone, and as for the students quantum mutati. "All of them are eager to study the humani- ties. When a Magister lectureth he findeth no audience; but, as for the poets, when they discourse it is a marvel to behold the crowd of listeners. And thus the universities throughout all Germany are minished and brought low. Let us pray God then that all the Poets may perish." But the outlook was rather for the death of the university than for the decease cf the poets; for nowadays "all the students must needs attend lectures on Virgil and Pliny and the rest of the new-fangled authors; and when they return home their parents ask them, saying, 'What art thou?' and they reply that they are naught, but that they have been 'reading poetry'. Then the parents don't know what that is, but they see that the boys are not grammarians. And then they are disgruntled at the university and begrudge sorely the money they have spent. Then they say to others, 'Send not your sons to the university they'll learn naught there but go trapesing in the streets o' nights ; money given for such a bringing up is but thrown away.' ' Nor did these students give a mere passive attendance on lectures. These "herds of secular poets" insisted on poetising and that with new-fangled meters and on dangerous matters. "Mark my words", writes Johann Arnoldi of Mainz, "These same secular poets will stir up branglings without end with their metrifica- tions, if our magisters do not take heed and straightway cite them before the Roman court. I fear too there will be a mighty disturbance among the faithful." IN LUCEM GENTIUM [51 But why multiply words ? Have not these complaints a strangely modern sound? Let me substitute in these quotations science for poetry, Virgil for Petrus Hispanus, and for authority select a more reverend name than the delightful Konrad Uncke- bunck would you not think that the passages came from Victorian classicists, bewailing the desertion of humane studies and forecasting irreparable injury to religion from science? You may smile at these quotations ; but, if you think them a mere joke, you miss the point. The new learning of the 16th century in very truth disorganized study, unsettled students, overturned academic tradition in the faculty and out, and substituted academic "snaps" for solid work. Is it strange that schoolmen were distressed when the accurate and severe studies of their classrooms were deserted for this sort of thing ? What was the history of humanism in the three centuries between Erasmus and Darwin ? It took control and dominated the universities as completely as scholasti- cism had done for centuries before Erasmus. It passed through the inevitable mutations which befall any spiritual power in the course of generations. The new learning was at first the possession of men who might be intolerant, but who were at least eager to proclaim a message to the world. But no great movement long retains the fresh enthusiasm of its youth, and humanism was no exception to the rule. When it had conquered the universities it became thoroughly at ease therein. When humanists were comfortably secure in the professorships and fellowships in which they had replaced the scholastics, the indolence of possession inevitably overtook their spirit. Sooner or later humanist education developed the same idle formalism which the Epistolae had found so intolerable in scholasticism. We need not therefore dwell at length on this fact or emphasize it. No one questions the intellectual somnolence of Oxford in Gibbon's day, when teachers "well remembered that they had a salary to receive but forgot that they had a duty to perform." We need only mention Johnson's terse and telling characterization of an educational regime that "fined him twopence for not attending a lecture which was not worth a penny." This spiritual decline from enthusiasm to indolence was the vice of scholasticism as well as of humanism. It has beset religion of every type as well as education of every type ; and fortunately both religion and educa- tion have had enough life to renew their strength and reassert their influence. But there is another line of development equally inevitable and at once more subtle and more dangerous. No great movement of the human mind comes into being except under the double necessity of renewing both the outer life of society and the inner life of the individual. The old creed must be dead in the souls of thousands before the new creed can even get a hearing. Before the old forms of thinking can be loosened and cast off by society the new life within must be actively growing and pressing for relief. But the new thought does not come merely to serve the times ; it offers also a new and deeper satisfaction to the individ- ual spirit than the old could supply. This double relation, though certainly 52 ] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 present at the beginning, cannot long continue on equal terms. The very success of the new removes from society the problems which called it out long before its hold on personal life is weakened or indeed before it is fully established. Thus there arises a personal life of thought, becoming more and more separate and dis- tinct from its life in society and often far more permanent. So humanism and scholasticism alike arise in response to a profound social demand for light, for guidance, and when they have satisfied this demand they continue as the possession of scholars, handed down through generations, beloved and cherished for their own sakes, and becoming more and more detached from the life in which they originated. This experience is by no means confined to universities or to learning. It is common to all things which deeply influence human life. Religion, which in every form starts as the guide of men in practical affairs, is hardened into ritual or sub- limated into mysticism. It leaves the world of action for the cathedral and for the cloister; it becomes the possession of priests and of dreamers. It needs therefore a constant renewal of the spirit, a constant reassertion of itself in human affairs, or it degenerates into idle ceremony on the one hand, and on the other hand it evaporates into emotion never culminating in action. This detachment from life was the thing the new learning found least tolerable in scholasticism. Quite apart from the personal worthlessness of its representa- tives, its subject matter was itself outworn. It had become esoteric, the possession of a small and limited caste. Its language was the jargon of the initiated, speaking no longer to the people. Its learning had became the chatter of word-mongerers, the idle art of quarrelling over verbal distinctions. The most fair-minded of its enemies could see in it only a highly specialized and sterile intellectualism main- tained for its own sake. In a different way humanism went through a similar cycle of development. For when the springtime of production had gone by, when scholars were no longer called poets, when letters and literature came each to bear its own technical mean- ing, there remained for scholars the deep and permanent influences which came out of the appreciation of the great works of the past out of ancient art as revealed in architecture, in sculpture, and especially in letters. To the inner result of this appreciative study there was applied the word culture, long after the result itself had become manifest and distinct. I use the phrase "long after", for while culture is at least as old as Cicero, the word in that modern sense which Arnold made current is a product of the 19th century. This rise of the word connotes a fact of prime importance in the later history of humanism. It is due to the fact that the intellectual life of universities, when it was renewed from the inactivity of the 18th century moved in two direc- tions. In large part it developed as the scientific side of philology; as text criti- cism; as comparative grammar; as archaeology. With this line we are not con- IN LUCEM GENTIUM . [53 cerned tonight; but we are greatly interested in the other line of development; for as humanism took on its new life among companies of scholars, culture as the inner product of that life necessarily claimed attention and humanism directed itself to fostering and developing it. On the side both of science and of culture the new life remained sheltered by the academic walls within which it was renewed. It hardly conceived of an existence in which it should have direct influence on the life of the larger world. Here was a great change from the 16th century when the humanists were wandering scholars rather than attached to universities; when they were perse- cuted by the existing intellectual order ; when they had no common life except that of the spirit. Still more different was the temper in which they faced the world. Humanists like Erasmus were not the champions of a fixed intellectual and aesthetic caste. They represented the reform movement in civil polity and in morals as well as in scholarship. Thus the humanist education of Erasmus sought to foster individualism and it therefore aimed directly at the control of conduct. Its inner product, culture, still without a specific name, was in some sense a by-product. In the later revival of humane studies, these places were reversed and there came a new period in the cycle of the development of humanism, beginning with the 19th century and cul- minating with Arnold, if we may date it in a rough and general way. It was a period in which culture took a foremost position and in the same sense conduct became a by-product of education. This interchange of two aims, each noble in itself, may seem to have little importance; but the event proved the contrary. I do not suppose that an adequate definition of culture is possible, and I shall not attempt one. But something I must say tonight regarding the nature of this distinctive result of humanism as an appreciation of letters and of its place in the cycle of educational development. So I turn to Pater for a description of culture in this sense of the term, since no words of my own could meet this need as do his. I quote therefore from him, premising only that much that is best in the quotation comes to Pater from Wordsworth, who is indeed a main source also of the ideas expressed by Pater. "That the end of life is not action but contemplation being as distinct from doing a certain disposition of the mind : is, in some shape or other, the principle of the all the higher morality. In poetry, in art, if you enter into their true spirit at all, you touch this principle, in a measure : these, by their very sterility, are a type of beholding for the mere joy of beholding. To treat life in the spirit of art,. is to make life a thing in which means and ends are identified : to encourage such treatment, the true moral significance of art and poetry. Wordsworth, and other poets who have been like him in ancient or more recent times, are the masters, the experts, in this art of impassioned contemplation. Their work is, not to teach lessons, or enforce rules, or even to stimulate us to noble ends ; but to withdraw the thoughts for a little while from the mere machinery of life, to fix them, with appro- 54] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 priate emotions, on the spectacle of those great facts in man's existence which no machinery affects, 'on the great and universal passions of men, the most general and interesting of their occupations, and the entire world of nature, on 'the operations of the elements and the appearances of the visible universe, on storm and sunshine, on the revolutions of the seasons, on cold and heat, on loss of friends and kindred, on injuries and resentments, on gratitude and hope, on fear and sorrow.' To witness this spectacle with appropriate emotions is the aim of all culture ; and of these emotions poetry like Wordsworth's is a great nourisher and stimulant."* You may perhaps ask why I have quoted Pater at such length when three words from Arnold and an equally brief conclusion from them would have given much the same result. Arnold told us in so many words that poetry is a "criticism of life", he told us indirectly in a hundred places that culture is the state of mind which thus appreciates poetry. And this is exactly the position of Pater. I chose the longer passage, partly that I may have the pleasure of quoting, and you of hearing a noble piece of English, and partly because Pater tells us explicitly much that must neces- sarily be unpacked and unfolded out of Arnold's brevity. I can well believe that those of you who think most about culture may regard this definition as wholly inadequate. If so, I shall not attempt to dispute your opinion. For culture is a word which covers an immense range of ideas and feelings, and it can be limited by definition to any part of that range or extended to cover the whole of it. On another occasion I should not hesitate to use the word with a far wider significance. If I could do so, I should select for this address another term of more precise connotation for this aspect of culture, which is emphasized by Pater and which, as I think, had no little influence in determining the history of humanism in the 19th century. But in default of such specific term I must employ the one which is at hand. You will not have failed to notice that in Pater's view culture is completely detached from active life. Culture helps us to find life a spectacle to be witnessed with appropriate emotions. All of the struggles of human life, its success and failure, its joy and grief, all these are part of the human comedy, to which the processes of nature furnish the setting. Culture sees in our neighbors essentially Hamlet or Antonio, Gretchen or Portia part of the spectacle whose function is to awaken in us the appropriate emotion. They are rather illustrations of man's existence, his struggles, and his destiny, than fellow members with ourselves of a world toiling and sweating, suffering and dying, beaten or conquering, as fate may decree. It is easy to sneer at this view of culture, easier perhaps than to sympathize with it at the present day. But we shall go far wrong if we think that the view is one to be attacked or in any way belittled. On the contrary, I believe that Pater e to be attacked or in any way belittled, un me contrg *Appreciations with an Essay on Style, Walter Pater, pp. 62-63. IN LUCEM GENTIUM [55 tells us exactly what culture has done and what it ought to do for men. To with- draw their thoughts from personal happenings, from the dust and obscurity of the day, from the prejudices and anger of the contest; to fix them on the great and permanent aspects of the world of life this it is that Pater -tells us is the end of culture. Surely this is teaching us to set our thoughts not on temporal matters, but on those things which being unseen are eternal. When humanism therefore wakened to new activity in the 19th century, it was already detached from affairs. Its inner product, culture, necessarily came to occupy an increasingly large place in its thoughts and purposes ; and culture, like all such inner results, is at once of inestimable value, and by itself quite sterile and ineffective in human affairs. Scholasticism had experienced the same development ; for it also had its inner result, not so much in the emotions as in the intellect. Its final form was that temper of restless intellectualism for its own sake which the young humanists of the Epistolae justly condemned with Erasmus as issuing only in "perplexed subtleties". Scholasticism furnished the solid basis for centuries of intellectual construction in our western world, and our race gained from it the power of a definite use of terms with consequent clarity of thinking. Yet the final products of its inner life of thought, once it had become the peculiar possession of scholars, were those "instants, formalities, quiddities, and relations" which made the universities so helpless in the face of a changing society, and caused the world to accept without regret the overturning of the system whose fruitage they were. Religion, too, has its peculiar inner effect in the soul which results in quietism or finds expression in mysticism. Both represent in the purest form that trust and confidence in the life toward God for whose sake the Christian religion exists. Both are also sterile, to use Pater's word. If they solve the problems of the individ- ual life, they do so as culture may, by ignoring them, by seeing them sub specie aeternitatis and therefore unworthy of attention or solution. They lend no aid to the world in meeting those common social problems for which passive inaction affords no cure, but which must be solved by action if solved at all. Here then is the seeming paradox for humanism as well as for every aspect of the spiritual life. Its fundamental and permanent reason for existence lies in cul- ture, in the inner life which it kindles and maintains in the hidden recesses of the soul. But if culture becomes the end of humanism instead of a by-product, then humanism becomes the possession not of the world, but of scholars, not of society, but of the university. It ceases to be the "light to lighten the nations". The candle is put under the bushel. It illuminates its own restricted area, and only feeble and incidental rays escape into that outer world which has so great need of light. If this result is fully reached, humanism like religion in the same case, becomes (if I may change my figure) but an example of the eternal law that he that saveth his life shall lose it. 56] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 No one can follow the history of humanism in the universities without finding in it much of this story. It is peculiarly true for humanism as represented in the college life of America during the 19th century. On the European continent the study of law and of medicine always held equal rank in the universities with philoso- phy and might maintain living points of contact between university and common- wealth. In England formal instruction at Oxford and Cambridge was for genera- tions secondary if indeed the word secondary is not too strong to a system of self education by association in the principles and ideas common to a governing class. The formal instruction gave rather the hall-mark to a caste than established its character or formed its ideals. But in America college education resulted in a personal possession if in anything at all, and college life for three-quarters of a century existed in itself and for itself in a sense in which those words are not true of any other country. Meanwhile, both in Europe and America a new world was forming around the university and college. A century of wars, of revolutions, of reforms, brought a new political world into being. A new social world was born with the growth of manufactures and with the development of means of transportation and of communication. With the new world came new questions, new difficulties, new problems; and for these the academic world not only had no answer, but it gave them no consideration. Its treasure was within academic walls and it had been there for the best part of a century. There was its heart and there was its life. The situation of the renaissance was substantially repeated. If the uncultured world could have had its Arnold, he also would undoubtedly have written his essay entitled Ecce, convertimur ad gentes, and he would have interpreted his text in a reversed sense. For instead of the prophets turning for hearers to the Gentiles, the Gentiles sought new prophets from a faith alien to humanism. Then for the first time in history the imperious voice of science was heard, directing not only the labor but also the thinking of man. For our purpose the control of affairs matters little ; that of thought means much. Science in some sense of the word has always dominated practical affairs and always will do so. But until the middle of the last century the springs of human con- duct and thought were outside of its domain. It controlled man's relations to the outer world, to agriculture, to manufactures, but it left almost untouched the central forces which order man's relations to his fellows and especially his relations to him- self. So long as thought and morals found a wide area about man free from the limitations and methods of science, the control of external affairs mattered little. Here was a field of education and that the central and most important one, in which humanism might still reign supreme and unchallenged except by those who denied all faith. One could make a curious and not wholly uninteresting paper by speculating on what would have happened to the world if the physical sciences had continued their development along the lines started in the first half of the 19th century and IN LUCEM GENTIUM [57 had thus reached their present astounding position while biology, wanting a Darwin, had itself continued in its pre-Darwinian position of a descriptive science. It is easy to see that in such a case the position of humanism in the world of education would have remained substantially unaltered. But when Darwin swept with a rush man and all his doings and belongings into the field of science, the case was vastly changed. With the acceptance of the doctrine that man's origin is to be determined by research and not by authority, all the landmarks of thinking were removed. All of history, politics, morals, and even religion itself must be seen and judged from the new standpoint. Thus the new science could not help challenging the exclusive control by humanism of the field of education. When this test came, it became increasingly plain that the title of humanism was based on tradition rather than on strength; that the situation really existed which is implied by Arnold and eloquently set forth by Pater. It was clear that humanism in the cycle of its development had come to have a chief expression in a culture which fitted man rather to appreciate the spectacle of life than to take part in its intellectual struggles. Thus was initiated a revolution in thought and education which has continued until our own day and which will long continue a revolution in which the future historian will find many close analogies with the story of the rise of the new learning and the birth of humanism. The science of the 19th century, like the humanism of the 15th, offered a new and apparently unlimited field for exploration. This invitation to "fresh woods and pastures new" is in itself attractive. It becomes quite irresistible when the new learti- ing promises to illuminate the problems of man's character and destiny; when the perennially absorbing interest of man in himself is added to that of an unhandled theme. In both cases, too, the old learning while apparently firmly entrenched in universities had become detached from outer life and absorbed into itself. It had become fixed in its habits and could appreciate neither the new learning nor the social changes which necessitated its rise. Its seeming strength therefore proved mere weakness, and a type of learning, once militant, then dominant for centuries, was deposed with almost dramatic rapidity. On still other sides analogies between the two situations appear, modified by the differences in the material presented. There can be no doubt that the pro- duction of the brood of "poets" by the new humanism is significant of one of the great facts which gave humanism its ready victory and its long reign. The new learning succeeded partly because it appealed to a side of the human nature dif- ferent from that reached by scholasticism. That was primarily intellectual and at last exclusively so. Humanism also, when it appeared, offered a new and un- explored intellectual field for our purpose tonight, that of the classical literatures. The leaders of the Italian Renaissance, who searched out the manuscripts in the dusty corners of monastic libraries, had all the pleasures of those voyagers who were 58] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 enlarging the known world by adding new capes and islands and even continents to the map. The scholar who issued from the earlier printing press, the editio princeps of the classical author, had all the happiness of the great modern discoverer in science. Those had some share in these supreme pleasures, who, in that later time of which we speak tonight, tested and corrected results and augmented knowledge. But, if the vein of virgin ore for scholasticism was limited, that of the new learning was far narrower and must soon pinch out. So the rank and file of the early humanists, even the ambitious ones, were neither discoverers nor editors. They were "poets", as the obscure men tell us; they "professed poetry". They were attracted to humanism on the literary and aesthetic side. Many of them were stimulated into action by the classics, and their activity often resulted in poetry. But this was only a passing phase in the course of humanism, and no doubt poetical composition was never found in more than a small fraction of the crowds who followed the "poets". Nevertheless the funda- mental appeal of humanism was to the emotional, the aesthetic side of man rather than the intellectual. Humanism did not invent; it discovered. It produced no mighty engine of thought whose smooth operation might be wondered at in cold admiration. It gave back to man a permanent source of pleasure and of inspiration. Here then were results which were intellectual indeed in one sense, or else they would not have been learning, but fundamentally aesthetic; issuing in emotions, in pleasure. Humanism, therefore, with culture as its inner product, was rather emotional than intellectual, and in this fact lay part of its appeal to a world wearied of a barren intellectualism. In the same 'way the new appeal to intellect which came with science moved the world of thought all the more readily because it addressed another side of the mind than that which humanism had addressed. The new science came with all the advantages of novelty and of change which the new humanism had once possessed. It was intellectual rather than emotional, inventive rather than appreciative. So far, the situation of the loth and the 19th centuries are more or less closely parallel; but there are differences of great importance. Scholasticism with all its great and solid contributions to ideas issued substanti- ally in a method, in a way of thinking. When this method had been ineradicably fixed in the habits of men, the persistence of its formal philosophy was at bottom a matter of little account. This result had been reached for the western world at least for that part of it lying north of the Alps before the rise of the new learning. The "new-fangled poets" might find just matter for scoffing and contempt in the disputations of logic, in the insufferable formalisms of grammar. They could look upon the art of poetry as the only worthy part of learning. They could bestow on even the greatest representatives of the art of reasoning that contempt which the cubist painter of yesterday awarded to Raphael, or that which is visited on Pope by the writer of today's vers libre. IN LUCEM GENTIUM [59 This revolt might serve for themselves; but so far as the world went it had luckily no might against the permanency of a remodeled human mind. The new learning drove out the old in substance rather than in spirit. The world received an immeasurable gain at the cost of losing the dead shell of the old rather than the principles of its life. The situation was very different in the contest between humanism and science ; for humanism has what scholasticism lacked actual possessions of universal value. The philosophy and theology of the later scholasticism appealed only to the technically educated, and that on the side of technical thinking. But humanism was based from the first on the great works of ancient literature written for the general public and proved by time to be of universal appeal. It gathered into its possession all that was best of the national literatures as they arose. Humanism became the conservator, the guardian, the transmitter of that which most fully expresses man and most clearly reveals man to himself ; of that in which all men of all time find the highest pleasure and the highest inspiration. After all, the new-fangled poets were right in feeling that Virgil and even Pliny are fundamentally different from Remigius or Alexander of Paris. Humanistic teaching might therefore sink very low or greatly change its aims without becoming extinct. It might become as dull and formal as was that of the scholastic grammarians; and much of its 18th century teaching was of this kind. But it was done on different material. When scholastic teaching lost the inspira- tion of invention, it lost everything but method. But no pedantic formalism could permanently obscure the grandeur of Aeschylus, the wit of Aristophanes, or the human qualities of Cicero and Horace. The formal work was done on something the reverse of formal in its spirit; something which could not be permanently crushed by pedantry, or extinguished by neglect, or even evaporated into culture. Here is a solid body of possessions which cannot pass over entirely into inner results, but must remain as a treasure to which the world may return at any time. Thus humanism has a permanent security against the influence of rivals, which makes the situation of the 19th century very different from that of the 16th. Scholasticism was exhausted as a system when it had nothing new to give the world. Humanism has a perennial source of power which it may use if it will. Thus humanism and science dwell together in the academic field on terms which humanism scorned to share with its predecessor. Yet there is no doubt that humanists feel the situation to be both humiliating and dangerous, and they are right in so feeling. The eyes of the world are looking with science and they are, therefore, turned in the opposite direction from that in which humanism looks. Science looks outward, toward the world. She seeks to guide the course of man among the dangers and difficulties of the world, and her skill as pilot is primarily based on her knowledge of the waters. Humanism looks inward toward the soul of man and toward the products of his soul. Her influence on life comes from within by influencing the springs of action, not by directing its course. In view of this 60] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 fundamental difference, it is a matter of no small concern that the world has not only turned toward science but has turned from humanism. We cannot expect a backward movement which will restore humanism to its former influence; nor can we look for a forward movement by which the world will advance from a worn out science toward a newly invigorated humanism. For science is at the beginning of its cycle of development and cannot soon reach the stage which the passage of centuries brought in turn to scholasticism and to humanism. Science has, indeed, its inner product corresponding to the intellectualism of scholasticism and the culture of humanism ; but we are not concerned tonight with its exact nature. Science is still so new that its inner result is not likely to be more than a by-product at present. Since science is always concerned with operations on outward affairs, and since the universe offers a limitless field for investigation, it is hard to see how science can make its inner product its main end, as both scholasticism and humanism did, each in its turn. Any great movement of the mind will be dominant so long as it offers unlimited opportunity for fundamental discovery with its resulting influence on the actions of man. Nor is the outlook for humanism much bettered when we turn toward the so- called new humanities. It is rather made darker. The influence on life of economics and political science is today at a maximum ; but it is a scientific influence rather than a humanistic one. The outlook of these subjects, and of history as well, is outward, as is that of science. They secure their results by collecting evidence, by collating documents, by tabulating and interpreting statistics. These results are scientific in origin, scientific in form, and scientific in their fate. The best products of the new humanities claim no immortality. Like all scientific documents they are memoir es pour servir and are forgotten when their service is over. When they have added themselves to the sum of knowledge they disappear in it with a rapidity in proportion to their greatness and success. They cease to have direct influence on affairs or on thought. They are continually replaced, and they are soon neglected by all except students of the history of thought. But either in spite of this scientific character or because of it, the new humanities have exerted a far more unfavorable influence on the position of humanism than did the .sciences strictly so-called. The world is quick to use the results of natural science, but few, even of thinking men, care how they are reached; and fewer still have either the taste or the will to engage in exploring nature. But history and economics have a double appeal. They gain a hearing as humanities; as dealing with man; they offer also the freshness of scientific methods and results. The new humanities therefore rather than the sciences have emptied the classrooms of the humanists since they attract the very group of students to which humanism most strongly appeals. The physical and natural sciences insisted on dividing the control of learning with humanism; and so doing they not only enlarged the territory of control, but also added even more to its population. They did not IN LUCEM GENTIUM [61 seriously draw from the number who would naturally have sought the humanities ; but the new humanities have occupied the old territory of humanism itself and have claimed the allegiance of its former subjects. What then is happening to humanism in this revolution of thought and teaching ? In one way its position is wholly satisfactory. It has been swept into the current of science, and as a branch of science it has its full share of the opportunities and the control of learning. It has its societies, its museums, its funds for exploration, its journals, its reports. It has its professorships and faculty positions of every grade. Its scholarships and fellowships are so numerous that they go seeking candidates rather than find difficulty in choosing among crowds of applicants. All these things freely belong to humanism, and as a branch of science it has no ground for complaint or reason for discouragement. But humanists are not satisfied to become scientists; and they are quite right in their discontent. The scientific aspect of letters is indeed important, as that of religion is important ; but letters no more exist for the sake of scientific study than does religion ; and the humanism which issues only in science is as futile as the relig- ion which issues only in theology. And more than this, the true humanist is never really at home with science. One who has been trained in the "best that has been written and thought in the world," and who has come to regard this as the only proper source of training, has little sympathy with science, and never com- pletely understands it. At the very least he finds that science is altogether too miscellaneous for his taste. Science, he thinks, is like the great vessel of the apostolic vision "as it were a sheet knit at the four corners." This sheet is indeed not necessarily let down out of heaven but it is most assuredly filled with "all manner of four-footed beasts of the earth, and wild beasts, and creeping things, and fowls of the air". There is no use in asking the humanist to make his dinner from these. The assurance that God has cleansed them may satisfy his religious scruples, but his stomach still remains queasy. On the other hand, it is, of course, quite possible that any humanist should pre- pare a scientific treatise out of his humanistic studies. He may write De optativi usu, a paper quite as scientific as that on the Posterior lymph hearts of the turtle, in which Senator Lodge smells so great offense;* but even so, the humanist feels a difference even if he can not state it. He can abandon himself to science with inner comfort only when he is in honest, godly humanist company and not with scientific knaves. So the scientific side of humanism is not enough for the humanist, and it ought not to be enough. On another side, too, humanism has no cause for dissatisfaction. Its studies constitute a large part of elementary discipline, and their value is generally acknowl- edged. The young student needs some knowledge of his own language and its literature and even of foreign language. This knowledge, we are told, he will "Value of the Classics, 1917, p. 118. 62] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 find useful as preliminary to higher studies; they are tools which aid him in the serious work of later years ; they may also furnish enjoyment for leisure moments and for the slippered ease of old age. Thus, if humanism would be content with the elementary part of university education, she might hold it for many years; at least until that period arrives in the indefinite future when out of science shall have come new phases and methods of elementary instruction. Humanists therefore are right if they are profoundly dissatisfied with the present situation. They may possibly recognize it as a legitimate product of evolution, but that fact renders it no more agreeable. Their just conviction in the permanent value to the world of the thing which they possess not merely its results in culture makes it impossible that they should assent to changes which on the one side convert humanism into science and on the other relegate it to an inferior and subordinate rdle in the educational world. Yet if past history can be read, that is what is happening. The elementary classes of humanistic studies are crowded by students who desire some of the training of humanism but care little or nothing for the thing itself. The higher classes are nearly emptied, except for those who desire humanism on professional or scientific grounds. What then are humanists doing to meet the situation? Doubtless there is much which does not meet the public eye. But if we may judge by appearances they are using the same means that the magistri nostri of scholasticism employed in the 16th century. They are writing articles for the Atlantic Monthly about the "assault on humanism", just as Schaffmulius and Unckebunck were writing letters to Magister Ortwin about the assault on scholasticism. The writings disclose identical situations. The universities are being ruined; learning is being over- turned; a remnant only of the faithful is left, and that will perish unless help speedily come; scholasticism is lost; culture will be extirpated. And the 20th century seems to look for help to the same means as did the 16th to exhortations and prayers as moral agents, and to degrees and arrangements of curricula as practical defenses. Can we expect these defenses to be more effective against the alleged heresy of today than they were against the present orthodoxy, when in its turn this was heresy? The same fundamental fallacy underlies all of these documents. Their authors seem to think that learning is something to be protected from assaults rather than a robust force to shape the lives of men and to control society. They fall into the error of the churchman who believes that religion was entrusted to him that he may keep it unharmed, "laid up in a napkin", rather than put into his hands as a power to harm the forces of evil. The faith of both lasts only to the defensive, and with this attitude of mind, discouragement and unhappiness are natural and certain. The humanists of today deprecate assaults. They see and fear and write about conspiracies to "extirpate culture". Their fathers, when far fewer, were justly confident in their own power to "subdue kingdoms", to "turn to flight the armies of the aliens", and they found in this faith IN LUCEM GENTIUM [63 both safety and happiness. But the defensive attitude, that of holding an isolated position surrounded by the enemy, invites attack and is certain of ultimate defeat. But humanism has not only its jeremiads and its lamentations with their sug- gestions that the barbarians should be good and stop being barbarous. It also goes about seeking testimonials. For in 1917 Princeton University staged a great performance which resulted in a volume of more than three hundred speeches and letters all of them tributes to the classics, the center of humanism. These come from men of all kinds and degrees, from statesmen and men of affairs, from doctors and lawyers and clergymen, from teachers of every grade and of every subject; and they all agree in affirming the great and manifold value of the classics. We need not take time to discuss these tributes, we will only cordially endorse them as a whole; nor need we quarrel with any one of them. Will even the best possible collection of testimonials give humanism the aid that it needs ? Possibly, since source and content of this volume are alike presumptive evidence in its favor. But when we find the front page of the morning paper filled with tributes to an old and respected citizen do we need to look at the headlines in order to learn what has happened to him? To be sure, he has not necessarily "gone to his long reward" he may be only celebrating his ninetieth birthday. But in either case his work is presumably done, and the number and warmth of the tributes are usually proportioned to the finality of the situation. Perhaps there is help in such matters, if we are to regard the situation as a desper- ate one, as a position to be held for a few days at any cost. These things may have a momentary use against a sudden and temporary movement in the world of thought. But against a revolution? Our thoughts inevitably recur to Mrs. Partington's mop sufficient to an overflowing gutter, but hardly equal to the Atlantic ocean. Let us, however, end with a mid-Victorian comparison more suited to the dignity of the occasion and of the authors. Would not these and similar anxious attempts to "do something" have been placed by Arnold in the same category with those of the Bishops of Winchester and G-loucester, both for their good intention and for their futility ? I do not mean to jest over a serious situation. It is no light thing that humanists should think it necessary to rush to the defense whenever a college president or an educational reformer sees fit to draw his pen. It is nothing less than portentous that the representatives of an old fighting cause such as the classics should go about seeking testimonials like oboli, and paper oboli at that. In the face of such a situation it is plain that humanism needs something other than science or required elementary instruction. For I suppose that more money has been spent since 1860 on research in classical archaeology than in any other period of double the length. The mass of papers and books on language and litera- ture produced in this country since 1900 is at least ten times as great as it was in the twenty years following 1850. Would the situation be essentially better if these ratios could be doubled ? 64] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 And as to the students those through whom humanism must be made a vital force in the community are their numbers declining in the disciplinary courses of the secondary school so much as in the truly humanistic courses of the college ? Is Latin, for instance, losing its position as a preparatory study, or is it rather failing to keep the students who begin to study it ? If Latin could retain its hold on the thousands of boys who come to college with some elementary knowledge of it, would the classicist find great cause for unhappiness? I do not propose to answer these questions directly, yet I believe that the humanist might well inquire whether the facts do not show that what humanism needs is not so much defense from champions or tributes from friends as a change in itself. I know that it is hazardous for me to take his place, and to ask such a question, doubly hazardous even to hint an answer; but I shall make the venture. What attitude is disclosed toward the subject matter of humanism by the volume on the value of the classics? I, at least, as I read it, am often reminded of Ruskin's definition of classic as meaning "senatorial, academic, authoritative". The first adjectives detach the classics from ordinary human affairs and the last hardly restores them. They seem to resemble a standard weight or measure, laid up in a bureau of standards for use by experts. They are standards employed in literary matters, used with senatorial prestige, according to academic rules, and with the authority belonging to both. But the early humanists believed in humanism just as the teachers of applied science today believe in their subjects. There was nothing remote in the application of humanism to life; nothing senatorial in its distance from ordinary humanity. Would it ever have entered the head of Erasmus to give such a definition of classic as Ruskin's; and does not its natural appearance in Ruskin indicate the direction in which humanism has moved and give a rough measurement of the distance over which it has traveled? The question thus raised goes even deeper. In what temper does humanism deal with its chief subject matter, literature ? Literature was written for the world ; it belongs in the world ; it is meant for all men of all ages and all places. Literature becomes "classic" when it is conceived of as belonging in the school room, in the study, on the library shelf. Literature is read for pleasure, for inspiration . Classics are studied and imitated to form a style or in more general terms, to gain culture. The question inevitably arises whether our teachers of Greek really hear "like ocean on a Western beach The surge and thunder of the Odyssey." Do the "average students" of Greek, as they read it, taste "the brine Salt on their lips" ? For, if the question is to be answered in the affirmative, one cannot see why assaults on humanism should trouble teacher or student, still less why they should IN LUCEM GENTIUM [65 take time to write about them. For such humanism has an instant power over human affection and over human life, which is beyond assault. To such teachers and to such students the Odyssey is no more a "classic" than it was to those who first listened to its story. There is nothing academic about it, still less senatorial; and, if it has authority, it possesses this only as all things deeply felt and loved move our lives. Is then the Odyssey a "classic", the possession of three centuries of professors, dog-eared by the handling of three hundred successive classes of boys ? Or does it take the students out of the confined atmosphere of the school room to feel the "large air" and rejoice in the "free shrill wind" of the prairie, and to hear the measured crash of waves coming in out of the Pacific to break on a California beach ? Or to leave sonnets and come nearer home Is Shakespeare in our universities a classic, "senatorial and academic" a fit subject for "intensive study"? Or do our teachers think of him and present him as Magister Unckebunck tells us Virgil was presented in the classrooms of his day? Are our lectures on Shakespeare enticing students in crowds from the regular courses of study? Is the anger of parents aroused because their children cannot help giving up their degrees for the sake of such poetry? If not, have Virgil and Shakespeare lost their power over mind and heart ; or have the students changed ; or is the alteration, partly, at least in the way that students and letters are brought together ? If teachers of humanism felt in their subject matter the fresh power of Lang's verses, could their class rooms fail to be crowded ? But I must go farther if I am to hint at more fundamental matters. For, if I am right, humanism needs to be reinstated as a force actively operating in the affairs of daily life. If any humanist should by chance agree with this opinion, he might well seek to Arnold as his prophet, though to Arnold rather on the side of religion than of culture. Consider Arnold's definition of conduct as "three-fourths of life". May we not say that the troubles of humanism are due, like those of religion, to the fact that it has somehow gone out of those three quadrants of life's circle which are occupied by conduct? Has not humanism tended to withdraw into the quadrant of culture, just as religion is always trying to leave the quadrants of conduct to retire into that of piety ? This fourth quadrant of life is indeed the most important one, since the springs of conduct are there; but unless they are really springs of conduct, unless they are fulfilled in the actions of the larger sector, they remain sterile, as Pater says of culture. Nor can humanism abandon three quarters of life to science and retain power in the remainder any more than religion can. The fundamental question for both is how to extend their power from their own peculiar quadrant over the other three. I suppose that an adherent of any recognized type of religion would promptly reject Arnold's definition of religion as "morality touched by emotion"; and truly the words connote a religion like that of Arnold rather than that of St. Paul, or 66] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 St. Francis, or Luther, or Wesley. Yet all of the innumerable heroes of faith were men who "wrought righteousness" ; they who were "not disobedient to the heavenly vision" were able to realize the religious emotions of the fourth quadrant of life in the conduct, the morals, of the other three. They did what Arnold defined, but they did it with passion and not in his cool and measured way ; and so doing they made religion an operating force in life's great sector of conduct. Scholars like Erasmus would have understood what was meant by "morality touched by litera- ture". They conceived of humanism as an operating force in the student and through him in society; and humanism displaced scholasticism partly because it had a practical capacity to develop personality, to control conduct, and to guide life, which scholasticism had lost. Nor does the analogy between religion and humanism end here. How is religion today trying to meet the same problems that humanism faces ? A generation ago humanism and religion were standing side by side in common defense against science. The religionists were defending theology from the "assault" of science, as humanism is being defended today. Some belated religionists are still rallying to that defense, but they only make more clear a fundamental change. For religion has today other work in hand than defense. It is trying to secure a new and more effective control of conduct ; and when religion enters upon a work so great and sees the possibilities of a success so unlimited, it will not bother itself about matters of defense; still less will it seek testimonials. This movement is unorganized as a whole. It is rather an infinity of detached movements, great and small; it most conspicuously lacks a prophet; it not in- frequently assumes strange shapes and undertakes foolish enterprises. None of us can sympathize with all of its forms, for some of them are mutually contradictory. But everywhere in the religious world men are trying to realize religion in conduct and are succeeding on a scale never before reached. We all know some of the larger organizations which are definitely seeking this end and I name some of them at random Christian Science, the Salvation Army, the Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., the Knights of Columbus. And the same tendency is quite as plain within older religious bodies not specifically so organized. All of them are trying to extend religion out of the quadrant of piety around the other three quadrants of conduct. So doing, they show their faith that in religion lies a permanent force to control human life, which needs only right representation in order to become effective. So with humanism ; if it is to live again in the world as it once was alive, it must extend out of the quadrant of culture and into those of conduct. It will be rein- stated in affairs by such a faith set at work. Humanists must realize literature not passively, not as a standard, not even as a "classic", but as a source of potential energy which it is their business to convert into kinetic energy for guiding and controlling conduct. As I see it, therefore, humanism should learn a lesson from religion, which it so closely resembles both in its emotional quality and in the possession of one of the IN LUCEM GENTIUM [67 world's great treasures. It needs to meet the world with a new faith and a new confidence. There will be no gain until that time comes; and when it comes all will see that the power of letters over life is deep-seated and permanent like that of religion. The humanist must in a sense forget that literature is a means of culture, just as the teacher of religion must forget that religion is a means of piety. He must think of letters as a controlling force for men actively engaged in the affairs of the world and interested in them ; he must not think of letters as a pleasure for the closet, or as a tool for the craftsman. The humanist must teach his students not to turn to Wordsworth from the "machinery of life" to use Pater's words but so to understand life's "machinery" as to see that Wordsworth is part of it. But if this end is to be reached, the humanist must not look at life with Arnold's cool and critical eye. He must preach humanism as a gospel, not merely discuss it as a classroom topic. He must seek his incentive to action, not so much from the pleasant haunts of academic life as in the great outer world that "lieth in darkness". And thus I come to the words which I chose to head my address : Ecce, posui te in lucem gentium Behold, I have set thee for a light to the nations. I chose the words partly because of their associations. They were spoken at a turning point of history. Through them the Hebrew might learn in a single phrase the full scope of the truth that his religion was not for himself, or for his people, but for the world. Centuries afterward, at another turning point of history, in Antioch of Pisidia, they rose unsought to the lips of the apostle through whom our faith went out into the greater world. And thenceforward, in all ages, in every country, they have inspired the leadership of those who have seen that religion does not exist for the sake of the church, but that the church exists that religion may be "a light to the nations". So speaking to religion they hold an equal message for those to whom literature has been given as the other great source of light for the world. For the words also tell us the end for which literature came to man, the aim, the hope, and the confidence of prophet and poet alike. It was not merely to train students in elementary studies, or to furnish subjects for doctor's theses; not merely to provide "authoritative" classics, "senatorial and academic", not merely even to produce a "sterile" culture that "The souls of nigh three thousand years Have here laid up their hopes and fears And all the earnings of their pain." It is humanism, humanitas, the life of these souls, the life which was the light of their fellows in Greece, in Rome, in England, that is embodied in literature, given in trust into the care of humanists that it may illuminate the world forever. They must see to it that in each generation humanism is "a light to lighten the nations", if they are to retain it themselves as the glory of a chosen people. Ill Syracuse University Golden Anniversary (Commencement Week, 1920) To the Members of the Anniversary Committee : The first formal meeting of the Anniversary Committee will be on Monday, June 9, at 4 o'clock, in the Administration Building. At this meeting tentative plans discussed at preliminary meetings of the committee will be presented. THE GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY. The Golden Anniversary of the establishment of the University in Syracuse will fall in the academic year 1919-1920, since the charter of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY was approved and recorded March 25, 1870. It is planned, therefore, to observe the completion of the half-century with appro- priate exercises in the Commencement week of June, 1920. THE ANNIVERSARY COMMITTEE. As authorized by the Chancellor and Board of Trustees at the annual meeting, May 18, 1918, the following committee has been chosen, representing the Trustees of the University, the Faculties of the Colleges, the Alumni, and the Undergraduates: From the Trustees: Mrs. Eloise Nottingham, Mr. Levi S. Chapman, Judge D. Raymond Cobb, Mr. E. R. Redhead, Mr. H. D. Cornwall, Dr. C. M. Eddy. From the Faculties: Dr. C. W. Hargitt, Professor F. W. Revels, Dr. A. E. Larkin Professor L. Carl Sargent, Professor W. E. Taylor, Professor A. S. Hurst, Professor E. T. Lewis, Professor L. H. Pennington. From the Alumni: Mr. Charles N. Cobb, 77 (Albany, N. Y.), Dr. Henry L. Taylor, '84 (Albany, N. Y.), Mr. Clifford R. Walker, '08 (Cleveland, Ohio), Miss Carrie E. Sawyer, '87 (Syracuse, N. Y.), Mr. G. Everett Quick, '02 (Syracuse, N. Y.), Mr. R. E. Consler, '15 (Rochester, N. Y.), Miss Emily Butterfield, '07 (Highland Park, Mich.), Mr. Harry S. Lee, '99 (Syracuse, N. Y.) From the Undergraduates: Mr. L. W. Mendenhall, '19, Miss Helen DeLong, '19, Mr. John Barsha, '20. From the Phi Beta Kappa Chapter: Hon. William Nottingham, Professor Ernest Noble Pattee, President of the Chapter, Professor Edgar A. Emens, Secre- tary, Dean Henry A. Peck, Professor Perley O. Place. PRELIMINARY MEETINGS OF THE COMMITTEE. Informal meetings of the committee were held on March 1 1 and May (5, with Dr. C. W. Hargitt as chairman. At the meeting on March n the committee, lacking alumni representatives, voted to ask Mr. Harry S. Lee, President of the Alumni Association, to request the Executive Committee to choose nine representatives from the alumni, subject to approval at the next meeting of the association. It was felt that the committee should be completed as soon as possible in order that it might begin its work as a fully organized committee. The following sub-committee was appointed to con- sider with Chancellor Day what special occasions in the history of the University should be commemorated: Dean H. A. Peck, chairman, Mrs. Eloise Nottingham, Professor Ernest Noble Pattee, President of the Phi Beta Kappa Chapter, and Professor Edgar A. Emens, Secretary. 68 ANNIVERSARY COMMITTEE MEETINGS [69 At the meeting on May 6 a communication was read from President Lee of the Alumni Association, naming the nine representatives from the alumni; also a letter was read from Dr. Henry L. Taylor to whose initiative the committee is deeply indebted. After an informal discussion of similar celebrations, at Yale (the Bicentennial) and at Dartmouth (the Webster Centenary), it was voted that Dean Peck's sub-committee (appointed March 11) arrange, in conference with Chancellor Day, the program of the Commencement Week of June, 1920, allowing two days for the celebration of the Golden Anniversary; and that Dean Peck report to the Anniversary Committee at the meeting in June, 1919. Also, it was voted that Mr. Lee be appointed Chairman of a publicity committee and that he have the assist- ance of Mr. Phil Perkins and of such others as he may select. In cordial cooperation for SYRACUSE, C. W. HAGRITT, Chairman. P. O. PLACE, Secretary. The Anniversary Committee First Formal Meeting, June 9, 1919 The first formal meeting of the Anniversary Committee was held in the Adminis- tration Building at 4:00 p. m., June 9th. Dr. C. W. Hargitt, Chairman of the Temporary Committee, called the meeting to order, and Prof. Place, the temporary Secretary, read the records of the preliminary meetings. To expedite the business of the committee and to insure the consideration of all questions that needed the committee's prompt attention, eight suggestions, offered by Dr. Henry L. Taylor, were read and formed the basis of the committee's action. Roll Call. Thirteen members were present. Order of Business. Voted that the general order of business be conducted under parliamentary rules (Roberts) in committee, sub-committee or special committees as follows: (1) roll call; (2) reading and approval of Secretary's minutes; (3) reports of officers; (4) reports of committees; (5) unfinished business; (6) new business; (7) adjournment. Permanent Organization. Voted that the general committee comprise a Chair- man, a Secretary and six sub-committees of seven members each (Executive, Fraternity, Publicity, Program, Transportation, Ways and Means.) Election of Officers and Chairmen of Sub-committees. Voted that the Chairman, the Secretary and the Chairman of the six sub-committees be elected by the general committee; that the other members of the sub-committees, when not other- wise provided for be appointed by the Chair, on the recommendation of the execu- tive committee. Chairman of the General Committee. Voted that the Chairman of the general committee be a member of all sub-committees and special committees. Secretary of the General Committee. Voted that the Secretary of the general committee have the right to the floor in all sub-committees and special committees. Special Committees. Voted that the sub-committees have power to appoint special committees, if necessary to carry into effect the interests committed to them. 70 ] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 Executive Committee. Voted that the Executive Committee comprise a Chair- man elected by the general committee, the Chairman of the sub-committees and ex-officio the chairman of the general committee. Nomination Committee. A nominating committee, comprising Messrs. Redhead, Emens, and Sargent, was appointed to report nominees for Chairman, Secretary, and Chairman of the six sub-committees. Enlargement of the General Committee. The chapter of Phi Beta Kappa having authorized the consolidation of its March 1919 committee of Five with the Anni- versary Committee of Twenty-seven on formal motion it was Voted that Messrs. William Nottinhgam, Tooke, Emens, Peck, and Place be members of the Anniversary Committee, enlarged to number thirty-two; and that Mr. George H. Bond be elected to fill the place left vacant by the failure of the Senior Council to appoint a member. Election of Officers and Chairmen of Committees. The report of the nominating committee was accepted, and William Nottingham was elected Chairman of the Anniversary Committee; Perley O. Place, Secretary; D. R. Cobb, Chairman of the Executive Committee; Harry S. Lee, Chairman of the Publicity Committee; George R. Bond, Chairman of the Fraternity Committee; Henry A. Peck, Chair- man of the Program Committee; L. C. Sargent, Chairman of the Transportation Committee; and Levi S. Chapman, Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. Permanent Organization. The temporary committee became the permanent organization, with Prof. Hargitt as Chairman pro tern. Unfinished Business. Report of the chairman of the Program Committee was taken up, and after discussion, referred to the Program Committee with power to present the same to the Trustees and to the Alumni Association. New Business. Voted that the Executive Committee be instructed to nominate promptly the additional members of the sub-committees to the chairman of the general committee, to the end that the active operations of the Committee begin at once; that the general committee be assembled at such time, place and date as may make it possible for all to be present to ratify the tentative reports of the several sub-committees and to perfect the plans for the 50th anniversary of the founding of Syracuse University. Voted to adjourn subject to the call of the Chair. PERLEY OAKLAND PLACE, Secretary. June 18, 1919. Second Meeting of the Anniversary Committee October 6, 1919 The committee appointed to arrange for the observance of the Golden Anni- versary of Syracuse University (in June, 1920) met at 4 p. m., October 6, in the University Club. Owing to the unavoidable absence of the chariman (Mr. William Nottingham) Dean Peck presided at the meeting. Those present were: Dean Peck, Miss Carrie E. Sawyer, Mr. Harry S. Lee, Dr. Henry L. Taylor, Mr. G. Everett Quick, and Professors Lewis, Revels, Sargent, Hurst, Pennington, Taylor, Place. ANNIVERSARY COMMITTEE MEETINGS [ 7 1 After an informal discussion it was voted : 1. To appoint a Hospitality Committee, the selection to be left with Professor Sargent, Chairman. 2. To request the Executive Committee, to select men and women to represent the City of Syracuse in the general committee. 3. To fix the time of observance of the Golden Anniversary for Friday, Satur- day, and Sunday preceding Commencement; that the Chancellor be asked to place Commencement day on Monday; that the Fraternities and Sororities be requested to arrange their reunions for Thursday evening. 4. That the Ways and Means Committee be asked to arrange for the publish- ing of a commemorative volume, under the direction of Dr. Place. Adjourned at 6:15. PERLEY OAKLAND PLACE, Secretary. Meeting of the Program Committee October 10, 1919 The members of the committee resident in Syracuse met on Friday evening, October 10, at the home of Mr. and Mrs. William Nottingham. Mr. James M. Gilbert and Professor L. Carl Sargent had been invited to meet with the committee and offer suggestions. The evening was spent delightfully in an informal discussion of plans for the Golden Anniversary. The numerous suggestions will be considered by the Program Committee at its next meeting. The Sub-Committees (Each committee may be enlarged) Judge D. Raymond Cobb, chairman of the Executive Committee, reported that the sub-committees, as thus far organized, are : 1. WAYS AND MEANS. Mr. Levi S. Chapman, Chairman, Mr. H. W. Smith, Mr. H. B. Grouse, Mr. H. W. Chapin, Mr. J. M. Gilbert, Mrs. Jane Bancroft Robinson, Mrs. Florence Wright Cook. 2. PROGRAM. Dean Henry A. Peck, Chairman, Mr. S. H. Cook, Dr. E. L. French, Dr. Henry L. Taylor, Mrs. Eloise Holden Nottingham, and two additional members to be added. 3 PUBLICITY. Mr. Harry S. Lee, Chairman, Mr. J. D. Barnum, Mr. E. H. O'Hara, Mr. Harvey Burrill, Mr. Thomas H. Low, Mr. John Wells, Mrs. Florence E. Knapp. 4. TRANSPORTATION. Professor L. Carl Sargent, Chairman, Professor F. W. Revels, Mr. T. Cherry, Mr. F. W. Everett, Mrs. Lieber E. Whittic. 5. FRATERNITIES AND SORORITIES. Mr. George H. Bond, Chairman and one representative from each Fraternity and Sorority (to be selected by Mr. Bond). 72] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 Meeting of the Program Committee Oct. 23, 1919 A meeting of the committee in charge of the program for the observance of the Golden Anniversary of Syracuse University in June, 1920, was held Thursday evening, October 23, in the office of Mr. Harry S. Lee. Those present were: Dean Peck, Mr. Lee, Mr. S. H. Cook, Professor Edgar A. Emens, Mrs. Eloise Holden Nottingham, Mr. William Nottingham (chairman of the Anniversary Committee), Dr. Henry L. Taylor, Professor Perley O. Place, Secretary. Dean Peck presented a tentative program for the Golden Anniversary, embody- ing the action of the Anniversary Committee at the meeting on October 6, and the discussion by the Program Committee at the meeting on October 10. The details of the program were thoroughly discussed, and the committee took formal action as follows : 1 . It was voted that the celebration by the University of its Golden Anniversary be confined to the Commencement week of June, 1920. 2. It was voted to approve the tentative program of the Commencement week, as given below. 3. It was voted to ask the Alumni Council to take charge of LOYALTY DAY; and to recommend that the Class Day exercises of the graduating class be held at 9 a. m. 4. It was voted that special committees be named by the chairman, each committee to take in charge the program of the particular day assigned to it. 5. It was voted to suggest to the Anniversary Committee that an announce- ment (not an invitation) of the Golden Anniversary be sent to other colleges. 6. It was voted to adjourn to meet with the Anniversary Committee on Satur- day forenoon, November 15, the date of the Syracuse-Colgate game, at 11:00 in Slocum Hall. Luncheon will be served at 12:00 under the care of Mrs. Knapp, Director of the School of Home Economics. At the meeting of the Anniversary Committee, November 15, at n oo a. m., the chairmen of the sub-committees will report on the work of their committees. PERLEY OAKLAND PLACE, Secretary. Anniversary Committee Meeting, November 15, 1919, of the committee for the Golden Anniversary. The committee appointed to arrange for the observance of the GOLDEN ANNI- VERSARY of Syracuse University (June, 192U) held its third formal meeting on November 15, at 11 o'clock, in Joseph Slocum Hall. In the course of the meeting luncheon was served under the care of Mrs. Florence E. S. Knapp, Director of the School of Home Economics. The following members of the committee were present : Mr. William Nottingham, Chairman; Dean Henry A. Peck, Mr. Levi S. Chap- man, Rev. Dr. C. M. Eddy, Mrs. Eloise Holden Nottingham, Mr. E. R. Redhead, Prof. C. W. Hargitt, Dr. E. A. Larkin, Prof. L. Carl Sargent, Prof. W. E. Taylor, ANNIVERSARY COMMITTEE MEETINGS [ 73 Prof. A. S. Hurst, Prof. L. H. Pennington, Prof. E. T. Lewis, Dr. Charles N. Cobb, Dr. Henry L. Taylor, Mr. Clifford R. Walker, Miss Carrie E. Sawyer, Mr. R. E. Consler, Mr. George H. Bond, Mr. Harry S. Lee, Dr. Perley Oakland Place, Secretary. Since the special purpose of the meeting was to consider the tentative program for the Golden Anniversary as arranged by the Program Committee, Dean Peck (chairman of the committee) had invited the Deans of the Colleges and Directors of the Schools to attend the meeting. Of these, the following were able to be present : Dean Parker, College of Fine Arts; Dean Walker, College of Law; Dean Graham, College of Applied Science; Dean Howe, College of Agriculture; Dean Richards, Dean of Women : and Director Tilroe of the School of Oratory. After the reading of the Secretary's minutes of previous meetings, Dean Peck presented, with discussion, the program as prepared by his committee in numerous meetings and contained in the Secretary's report of the committee's action on October 23. The Committee took action as follows: 1. It was voted that the "EVENING OF SYRACUSE Music" be on Thursday, June 10, and that "OLD HOME NIGHT" be placed on Friday, June n. 2. It was voted that on the afternoon and evening of "FOUNDERS DAY," June 11, special reunions and exercises in the various colleges and schools be arranged, the details being subject to the special committee in charge of "FOUNDER'S DAY", in order that these exercises might not conflict with the spirit and purpose of the University's anniversary. 3. It was voted that Saturday, June 12 be "LOYALTY DAY," under the direction of the Alumni Council. 4. It was voted that the Memorial Service, in the afternoon of Sunday, June 13, be in honor both of the members of the faculty who, in the half-century, had died while in the service of the University and of the Syracuse men who had made the supreme sacrifice in the Great War. 5. It was voted that certain suggestions by Dr. Henry L. Taylor for a suitable memorial to the honored dead be referred to the Committee in charge of the Memor- ial Service. 6. It was voted that Dr. Taylor's offer from the Alumni Association of Albany of the plates of their song book be referred to the committee in charge of the "EVENING SONG," Sunday, June 13. 7. It was voted that the Secretary, in cooperation with the Publicity Commit- tee, prepare an announcement of the Golden Anniversary to be sent to Colleges and Universities. 8. It was voted that Mr. George H. Bond be made chairman of the committee on "OLD HOME NIGHT," Friday, June n, and that Professor Tilroe be made chairman of the committee in charge of the "EVENING SONG," Sunday, June n, and that Dean Parker and Mrs. Nottingham be in charge of the "EVENING OF SYRACUSE Music" Thursday, June 10. 74] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 9. It was voted to adjourn, to meet in the approaching holiday season at a time and place to be determined by the secretary. After the meeting of the committee, the members joined the vast throng at the SYRACUSE-COLGATE football game in the Stadium, and saw the victory of the Orange, 13-7. In an interval of the game a conspicuous announcement of the GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY was carried around the field. PERLEY OAKLAND PLACE, Secretary. With these minutes of the meeting of Nov. loth, is sent a copy of the program as approved by the Anniversary Committee Anniversary Committee Meeting, December 30, 1919, of the Committee for the Golden Anniversary. The committee appointed to arrange for the observance of the GOLDEN ANNI- VERSARY of the University met at a luncheon, in the University Club, Tuesday, December 30, at 12:30. Those present were: Mr. William Nottingham, Chairman; Dr. Henry L. Taylor, Dr. Charles N. Cobb, Mr. Harry S. Lee, Mr. E. R. Redhead, Mr. Levi S. Chapman, Mrs. Eloise Holden Nottingham, Dean Jean Marie Richards, Dean Howe, Mr. G. Everett Quick, Professor Frederick W. Revels, Professor L. H. Pennington, Professor L. C. Sargent, Professor E. T. Lewis, Professor C. W. Hargitt, Rev. Dr. C. H. Eddy, Dr. P. O. Place, Secretary. After the luncheon the committee held a short meeting at which the Secretary summarized the plans the committee had made for the exercises of Commencement week, 1920. According to these plans, (1) The University has, through Chancellor Day, invited President Lowell of Harvard University to be present at the exercises on Founders Day (Friday, June 11) and deliver the academic address. (2) The Mayor of the city of Syracuse and the Governor of the State of New York will be invited to be present in their official capacities and make brief addresses. (3) The British and French Ambassadors will be invited to be present at these exercises. Their presence would suggest the international aspect of higher educa- tion, the alliance of Great Britain, France and the United States in the World War. (4) At the Memorial Service (Sunday afternoon, June 13) in honor of the Syra- cuse men who gave their lives in the war, Dr. John R. Mott has been invited to make the religious address. (5) At this service General Leonard Wood has been invited to represent the United States Army and deliver the eulogy of the University's soldier dead. (6) At the exercises of Commencement Day (Monday, June 14) the University hopes that Dr. John H. Finley, Commissioner of Education of the State of New York, and President of the University of the State of New York, will be present as the Commencement orator. The Secretary reported that the Deans of the colleges of the University had begun to make plans for special "Old Home" exercises in their respective colleges ANNIVERSARY COMMITTEE MEETINGS [75 for the afternoon of Founders Day. These exercises will include, in each college, a round table discussion of plans for the future a forward look. Dean Richards presented suggestions, (1) for giving publicity to the Golden Anniversary. One of these was that a poster be used, and be reproduced in minia- ture as a stamp on letters, etc. ; (2) certain details for the registration of graduates and friends at Commencement, both at a central place and at the headquarters of the various classes. VOTED : to offer two prizes (a first of $25, a second of $15) for a poster competi- tion in the Art Department of the College of Fine Arts. Mr. Lee, chairman of the Publicity Committee, reported that an account of the program of the Golden Anniversary would be given at once to the Syracuse news- papers and the Press associations. To his committee Dean Richards was added. Mr. Chapman, chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, asked that the charimen of the sub-committees submit, at an early date, an estimate of the expense of their respective committees. Mr. Sargent, chairman of the Transportation Committee, asked that his sub- committee on Hospitality having charge of luncheons, dinners, with Mrs. Florence Knapp as chairman, be made a coordinate committee ; also, that the sub-committee on Housing, with Prof. E. T. Lewis as chairman, be made a coordinate committee; also, that his sub-committee on Transportation Information be changed to a com- mittee on General Information, with headquarters in the Administration building, the membership being representative of the other committees. Mr. Sargent also asked that Mr. Everett and Mr. Jenkins be assigned to a sub- committee on Steam Railroad Transportation. VOTED : to refer to the Executive Committee the appointment of the chairman of the Committee on General Information. The Secretary reported : (1) That a communication from Dean Bray of the Graduate School, asking the Anniversary Committee to consider the advisability of including in the volume commemorating the Golden Anniversary a bibliography of the work published by the University Faculty, was referred to the Executive Committee. (2) That Dr. Frank Smalley, Vice-Chancellor Emeritus, had been asked by the committee to prepare for the memorial volume a concise sketch of the Uni- versity's history; with pictures showing its growth; a brief sketch of each Chancel- lor, with portrait ; a briefer sketch of each Dean, with portrait ; and the necrology of the Faculty. (3) That the Executive Committee would ask the alumni, students and facility to submit in competition an Ode commemorating the half-century of the University. (The Ode will be a feature of the Evening Song, June 13). It was announced that Phi Beta Kappa Chapter had decided to observe its Silver Anniversary on March 25, 1920. VOTED : that the chairmen of the sub-committees meet at an early date, com- plete the membership of their committees and definitely outline their scope. PERLEY OAKLAND PLACE, Secretary. Celebrating Syracuse's Fiftieth Birthday DR. PERLEY OAKLAND PLACE THE Golden Anniversary of Syracuse University will be observed in the Commencement week of June, 1920. This will be a memorable occasion. The .sons and daughters of "Old Syracuse" will gather in large number to honor their Alma Mater, to rejoice in her fifty years of history, and to pledge their faith in the years to come. In this season of rejoicing the citizens of Syracuse will have a part, for the city is indeed fortunate to have in its midst a great univer- sity with its four thousand students. The university has richly justified the hopes and prayers of the earnest men and women who are a part of its history. The completion of its half -century will be an event which all who love Syracuse will be glad to commemorate. For the early history of Syracuse University one naturally turns to Dr. Smalley's admirable Alumni Record. In vol. I, p. 23, Dr. Smalley tells that the charter of Syracuse University was approved by the Legislature and recorded March 25, 1870. Therefore the first fifty years of the corporate existence of the University will be completed in 1920. Among other interesting facts in Dr. Smalley's account are the following: The first meeting of the Board of Trustees was held on August 15, 1870; and on September 1, 1871 [Sept. 13, 1870, Editor] the Trustees decided upon the present beautiful location of the University, overlooking the city. On September 1, 1871 the newly established institution of learning opened its doors with forty-one students. As an initial step toward the observance of the Golden Anniversary, the Hon. William Nottingham presented to the Chancellor and Trustees the suggestion from the Phi Beta Kappa chapter (whose silver anniversary will occur in 1920) that a committee of five provide for the selection of an Anniversary Committee represent- ing the Trustees of the University, the Faculties of the Colleges, the Alumni, and the Undergraduates. This suggestion was most cordially endorsed by the Chancel- lor and the Trustees at the annual meeting held May 18, 1918. The committee of five (Dr. William Nottingham, Dr. Henry L. Taylor, Mr. C. N. Cobb, Professor Edgar A. Emens, and Dr. Perley O. Place) carried out its instructions, and organized the Anniversary Committee as follows : I. Six representatives chosen by the Trustees: Eloise Nottingham, Levi S. Chapman, Judge D. Raymond Cobb, E. R. Redhead, H. D. Cornwall, Dr. C. M. Eddy. II. Eight representatives chosen by the Deans: Dr. C. W. Hargitt, College of Liberal Arts; Professor F. W. Revels, College of Fine Arts; Dr. A. E. Larkin, College of Medicine; Professor L. Carl Sargent, College of Law; Professor W. E. 76 CELEBRATING SYRACUSE'S FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY 77 Taylor, College of Applied Science; Professor A. S. Hurst, Teachers College; Pro- fessor E. T. Lewis, College of Agriculture; Professor L. H. Pennington, College of Forestry. III. Nine representatives chosen by the Alumni: Dr. Charles N. Cobb, '77, Albany, N. Y. ; Dr. Henry L. Taylor, '84, Albany, N. Y. ; Mr. Clifford R. Walker, '08, Cleveland, Ohio; Miss Carrie E. Sawyer, '87, Syracuse, N. Y.; Mr. G. Everett Quick, '02, Syracuse, N. Y.; R. E. Consler, '15, Rochester, N. Y.; Miss Emily Butterfield, '07, Detroit, Mich. ; Mr. Harry S. Lee, '99, Syracuse, N. Y. IV. Two representatives chosen by the Fraternities and Societies: L. W. Mendenhall, '19, Miss Helen DeLong, '19. V. One representative chosen by the Athletic Governing Board : John Barsha, '20. The Anniversary Committee held informal meetings on March 11 and May 6, with Dr. C. W. Hargitt as chairman. At the meeting of March 11 a sub-committee was appointed to consider with Chancellor Day what special occasions in the history of. the University should be commemorated: Dean Henry A. Peck (Chairman), Mrs. Eloise Nottingham, Professor Ernest N. Pattee, and Professor Edgar A. Emens. At the meeting on May 6 Dean Peck's sub-committee was asked to arrange in conference with Chancellor Day, the program of the Commencement week in June, 1920, allowing two days for the celebration of the Golden Anniversary. Also Mr. Harry S. Lee, President of the Syracuse Alumni Association, was appointed Chairman of a publicity committee to be selected by him. At the first formal meeting of the Anniversary Committee, June 9, it was voted to add to the committee the special committee of five appointed by the Phi Beta Kappa chapter, since the Silver Anniversary of the chapter would be observed at the time of the Golden Anniversary of the University. It was also voted to add to the committee Mr. George Bond. The committee then organized as follows: Chairman of the General Committee, Hon. William Nottingham; Chairman of the Executive Committee, Judge D. Raymond Cobb; Chairman of the Program Com- mittee, Dean Henry A. Peck; Chairman of the Fraternities and Sororities Com- mittee, Mr. George Bond; Chairman of the Publicity Committee, Mr. Harry S. Lee; Chairman of the Transportation Committee, Professor L. Carl Sargent; Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, Mr. Levi S. Chapman; Secretary, Dr. Perley Oakland Place. Dean Peck presented the report of his sub-committee, offering valuable suggestions for the program of the Golden Anniversary. He was asked to present the report to the Trustees and to the Alumni Council. It was voted that Dr. C. W. Hargitt continue as Chairman of the committee until the executive committee had named the remaining members of the various sub- committees. From Syracusan of July 15, 1919. IV Announcement Of ttjf (golben lune 10=14, 1920 Syracuse University will observe its fiftieth anniversary in Com- mencement week, 1 920. The University is a continuation of Genesee College, which was founded at Lima, New York, in 1 849. Syracuse University received its charter under the law of New York State, March 25, 1870. During the past fifty years the University has sought, in the spirit of its founders, to serve the cause of Christian education. Its stu- dents, faculty, trustees, and friends have represented various types of religious faith united for service to the State and Nation. At the approaching anniversary the jUniversity, conscious of its high privilege and renewing its pledge of service, will look forward with hope to its share in the noble work that is being done by the Colleges and Universities of the world. The exercises in honor of the Golden Anniversary will be held June 10-14, 1920, at the University. Exercises of Commencement Week JUNE 10-14, 1920 THURSDAY, JUNE 10 6:00 P.M. Phi Kappa Phi Dinner Slocum Hall 8:00 P.M. "Syracuse" Musical Evening Grouse College FRIDAY, JUNE 11, "FOUNDERS' DAY" 10:00 A.M. Anniversary Exercises Archbold Gymnasium 12:30 P. M. Phi Beta Kappa Luncheon Slocum Hall 1:30 P.M. Annual Meeting of Phi Beta Kappa Slocum Hall 3:00 P. M. Old Home Gatherings in the Colleges 3 to 7 P. M. Reception by Chancellor and Mrs. Day 701 Walnut Avenue 7:30 P. M. Old Home Night at the Chapter Houses SATURDAY, JUNE 12, "LOYALTY DAY" 9:00 A. M. Class Day Exercises Teachers College Grounds 9 : 30 A. M. Annual Meeting of the Alumni Association Archbold Gymnasium 12:30 P.M. Alumni Luncheon Archbold Gymnasium 2:00 P. M. Alumni Class Parade 3:00 P.M. Base Ball Game Stadium 5:30 P.M. Historical Tableaux University Campus 6: 30 P.M. Dinner Alumni Gymnasium Alumnae Slocum Hall 8:00 P. M. "Kum-bak" Shows Alumni Archbold Gymnasium Alumnae Slocum Hall SUNDAY, JUNE 13 10:30 A.M. Baccalaureate Service Archbold Gymnasium 4:00 P. M. Memorial Service for Syracuse "Gold Star Men" Archbold Gymnasium 7:30 P. M. Even Song Stadium MONDAY, JUNE 14 10:00 A. M. Commencement Exercises Archbold Gymnasium 79 Evening of Syracuse Music PRESENTED BY THE COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS program ORGAN: Sonata in F minor (First Movement) JOSEPH J. McGRATH MR. McGRATH This composition was awarded a prize of $100 by the Women's Federation of Music Clubs last year in an all-American competition. PIANO: (a) Spring Pastel j ...VICTOR MILLER (b) Poeme ) (c) Pow-Wow (From "Five American Dances") EASTWOOD LANE MR. MILLER VIOLIN: Legend HAROLD OWEN MR. OWEN CHORAL: Hymn of Praise for Mixed Chorus and Soprano Solo WILLIAM BERWALD (Written for this occasion) WOMEN'S CHORUS, Fine Arts College, and MEN'S GLEE CLUB (Augmented) Soprano Solo, MRS. LUCY MARSH GORDON Conducted by DR. BERWALD STRING ORCHESTRA: (a) Romance > ...Louis BAKER PHILLIPS (b) Allegretto ) Conducted by MR. PHILLIPS VOCAL: (a) In the Valley (MS.) (b) In Fountain Court \ ALEXANDER RUSSELL (c) Lyric from Tagore (d) Dream Port (e) A Little Rock (f) Kitty (g) Why? MR. WELLS 80 JOHN BARNES WELLS [8 1 ENSEMBLE: "Ariel," A Set of Variations on an Original Theme, for Piano, Organ and String Quartette FREDERICK SCHLIEDER (Written for this occasion) Piano, MR. SCHLIEDER; Organ, PROF. H. L. VIBBARD First Violin, PROF. C. L. BECKER; Viola, MR. AURIN M. CHASE Second Violin, Miss GRACE WHITE ; 'Cello, PROF. ERNST MAHR VOCAL: Two Excerpts from the Opera of "Laila" Music by HARRY L. VIBBARD Libretto by MORTON ADKINS (a) Aria, "The night draws on apace" Miss MARTA WITTKOWSKA (b) Aria, "Behold me, my beloved" PROF. CHARLES E. BURNHAM With orchestral accompaniment arranged for piano, organ and string quintette. First Violins, MR. MYRON LEVEE and MR. THEO. RAUTENBERG; Second Violins, MR. KENNETH WOOD and MR. CLAUDE BORTEL; Viola, MR. AURIN M. CHASE; 'Cello, PROF. ERNST MAHR; Double Bass, MR. RUDOLPH MILLER; Piano, DR. ADOLF FREY; Organ, MR. RUSSELL MILES. Conducted by Prof. VIBBARD ORCHESTRA: Elegy for Small Orchestra JOSEPH C. SEITER Written for the Syracuse Music Festival of 1913 Conducted bv PROF. SEITER .CHARLES HUERTER VOCAL: (a) A Gift (_ (b) Pirate Dreams f (c) Shepherd, Play a Little Air | ...WILLIAM STICKLES (d) Expectancy ) MRS. LUCY MARSH GORDON* PIANO: Romance and Allegro Scherzando (Written for this occasion) DR. FREY With orchestral accompaniment arranged for string quintette, second piano and organ. First Violins, MR. KENNETH WOOD and MR. CLAUDE BORTEL; Second Violins, MR. MYRON LEVEE and MR. THEO. RAUTENBERG; Viola, MR. AURIN M. CHASE; 'Cello, PROF. ERNST MAHR; Double Bass, MR. RUDOLF MILLER; Second Piano, PROF. RAYMOND WILSON; Organ, MR. RUSSELL WHITE Conducted by PROF. BECKER .ADOLF FREY 82] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 CHORAL: Motette; Cantate Domino, "Sing Unto the Lord a New Song" ALEXANDER RUSSELL For Male Chorus, Baritone Solo and Quartette MEN'S GLEE CLUB of Syracuse University (Augmented) Baritone Solo, PROF. CHARLES E. BURNHAM Quartette, MR. ROBERT S. SARGENT, PROF. HOWARD LYMAN, MR. JOHN G. RAY and MR. C. HARRY SANDFORD Conducted by MR. RUSSELL This composition was written for the Princeton University Victory Com- mencement, and sung at the Memorial Recital, June, 1919. It is scored for an accompaniment of organ, trumpets and French horns. At a signal from the Conductor, the audience is requested to rise and join the Chorus in the Doxology (in unison) with which the anthem closes. HYMN OF PRAISE, WILLIAM BERWALD "I will praise Thee, O Lord, with my whole heart. I will shew forth all Thy marvelous works. I will be glad and rejoice in Thee. I will sing praise to Thy name, O Thou most High. When my enemies are turned back, they shall fall and perish at Thy presence. Thou hast rebuked the nations. Thou hast destroyed the wicked, Thou hast blotted out their name forever and ever. But the Lord shall endure forever: He hath prepared His throne for judgment. And He shall judge the world in righteousness, He shall minister judgment to the people in uprightness. Lead me, O Lord in Thy righteousness because of mine enemies, make Thy way straight before my face, for Thou, Lord, wilt bless the righteous; with favor wilt Thou compass him as with a shield. The Lord will be a refuge for the oppressed, a refuge in times of trouble. And they that know Thy name will put their trust in Thee; for Thou, Lord, hast not forsaken them that seek Thee. Sing praises to the Lord, which dwelleth in Zion. Praise ye the Lord!" MOTETTE : Cantate Domino, "Sing Unto the Lord a New Song" ALEXANDER RUSSELL ' 'Come near, ye nations, to hear ; and hearken, ye people : let all the earth hear, and all that is therein; the world, and all things that come of it. Hast thou not known? hast Thou not heard that the everlasting God, the Lord, the Lord, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary? He giveth pow'r to the faint, and to them that have no might He increaseth strength. Even the youths shall faint and be weary, and the young men shall utterly fall. But they that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength ; they shall mount up with wings as eagles ; they shall run, and not be weary; they shall walk, and not faint. Sing unto the Lord a new song; for He hath done marvelous things: His right hand, and His holy arm, hath gotten Him the victory. The Lord hath made known His salvation ; His righteousness hath He shewed. Make a joyful noise unto Him, all the earth. All the ends of the earth have seen the salvation of our God. Sing unto the Lord!" "Praise God, from whom all blessings flow; Praise Him, all creatures here below; Praise Him above, ye heavn'ly host; Praise Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Amen." EVENING of SYRACUSE Music [83 EVENING OF SYRACUSE MUSIC (THURSDAY) (Alumni News, July-August, 1920) The fame of the evening of Syracuse music has not died out yet. Graduates who came to do honor to their Alma Mater's fiftieth birthday, the College of Fine Arts and Dean George Parker, left behind them memories which will not be easily forgotten in city musical circles. A capacity audience was thrilled by a program which not only represented the best the alumni had to offer, but many of the best known musicians in American circles. It is doubtful whether such a program could be offered any where else on one evening, and yet have it so admirably balanced. The balance of this article is quoted from the account in the Syracuse Herald. See below. EVENING OF MUSIC (Syracuse Herald, June 11, 1920) Syracuse University had reason to be proud Thursday of the sons and daughters she has given to the musical world. From far and near they came to do honor to their Alma Mater on her golden jubilee. They brought offerings of their best to lay at her feet as a token of devotion and fealty to the old college where they gained the knowledge and proficiency which has enabled them to rise to greater heights than any of them dreamed of attaining in the years gone by. The program provided at the College of Fine Arts presented a galaxy of stars to any reader who scanned the printed page. The names it contained were familiar to every musician and music lover. Many of the compositions which were inter- preted had been played or sung at the great concerts of metropolitan cities. It was an inspiring occasion. The audience which packed Grouse College hall to overflowing found it so, and the men and women who had a part in the program showed how thrilled and happy they were at coming back and paying tribute to the college which has kept her place in their hearts during all the years since they have left her. Joseph J. McGrath, organist of St. John the Evangelist's church, who completed his training in composition and theory under Dr. Benvald at the university, opened the program with the first movement of an organ sonata in F minor which showed a fine feeling for form as well as temperament and brilliancy of execution. Harold Owen played exquisitely a charming "Romance" of his own, and John Barnes Wells sang a delightful group of songs, some of them his own composition and others written by G. Alexander Russell, one of the most noted among Fine Arts "grads". 84] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 An impressive number of the evening was Dr. Berwalds' "Hymn of Praise" for mixed voices, with a soprano solo, which Dr. Berwald conducted and Mrs. Lucy Marsh Gordon of New York Lucy Marsh to concert goers and lovers of phono- graph records sang the solo. The composition was a fine, upstanding one, noble and beautiful in its cadences and harmonies and full of spirit and fire. Dr. Berwald and Miss Marsh had to bow their acknowledgements again and again. Louis Baker Phillips of Scranton, Pa., soloist at one of the May Music Festival concerts, conducted two of his own numbers composed for a small orchestra and delightfully played by the students of stringed instruments whose work at college recitals has been on various occasions so greatly admired. Another composition for a small orchestra was the "Elegie", written by Prof. Joseph C. Seiter of the College of Fine Arts for the 1913 Syracuse Music Festival and given an interesting and adequate presentation on Thursday night. Charming, too, was the interpretation given by Victor Miller of New York to a group of short piano numbers his own "Spring Pastel" and "Poeme" and "Pow Pow", written by Eastwood Lane, as one of a cycle of five American dances. Another fine feature of the evening was the presentation of excerpts from the opera "Lalia", for which Prof. Harry L. Vibbard has written the score and Morton Adkins the book. Miss Marta Wittkowska in private life, Mrs. Arlington H. Mallery sang "The Night Draws on Apace", and Prof. Charles E. Bunham of the College of Fine Arts sang "Behold Me, My Beloved". The orchestral accompaniment was ar- ranged for piano, organ and string quintet, with Dr. Adolph Frey at the piano, Russell Miles at the organ, and Professor Vibbard conducting. "Ariel", a set of variations on an original theme for piano, organ and string quartet, was written for the occasion by Frederick Schlieder of New York who came in person to play the piano part in the dainty and charming composition. Mrs. Lucy Marsh Gordon, with Charles Huerter at the paino, charmed the lis- teners in a group of songs by Mr. Huerter and William Stickles. Mrs. Gordon sings beautifully with a clarity of tone and a charm of diction that reminded those who heard her Thursday night of Alma Gluck at her best. Also composed for the occasion and one of the most Beautiful numbers on the program was the "Romance and Allegro Scherzando" of Dr. Adolph Frey a charming and melodious score which most was appealing in its quality of color and brilliancy of execution. Those who have been familiar with the compositions of Dr. Frey regard the new "romance" as the best work he has done. Prof. Conrad L. Becker conducted the number with Prof. Raymond Wilson at the second piano and Russell White playing the organ part. The program ended with Alexander Russell's noble motet, "Cantata Domino", composed for the Princeton University Victory commencement, in June, 1919. It was conducted by Mr. Russell and sung by the Men's Glee Club of Syracuse Uni- EVENING of SYRACUSE Music [85 versity, with Professor Burnham taking the baritone solo and Robert S. Sargent, Prof. Howard Lyman, John G. Ray and C. Harry Sanford singing the music arranged for a quartet. THE MUSICAL PROGRAM (Post-Standard, June 11, 1920) With Grouse College Hall taxed far beyond its normal seating capacity, an audi- ence which abounded in enthusiasm found great pleasure in the program of Syra- cuse music provided last night by Dean George A. Parker as a feature of the golden anniversary of Syracuse University. It was the most elaborate concert ever staged at, the University and it brought back men and women who obtained their early training here and are now famous as singers, players and composers. Two outstanding numbers of the evening had to do with men who have been identified with the musical department of the College for many years Professor William Benvald and Professor Adolf Frey. Early in the program Dr. Berwald's "Hymn of Praise" was sung by a chorus of men and women, with Mrs. Lucy Marsh Gordon of New York doing the solo work, in a most effective manner. Dr. Benvald conducted and the finesse of the work delighted the large audience. Toward the close of the concert Dr. Frey presented his romance and allegro scherando written for the occasion, with orchestral accompaniment conducted by Prof. Conrad L. Becker. Dr. Frey was recalled a number of times. His musician- ship was evidenced as never before. This number will be found on orchestral concert programs in the future. Joseph J. McGrath opened the concert with the first movement of his own sonata in F minor for organ. This is the composition that was awarded a prize of $100 by the Women's Federation of Music Clubs last year in all-American competi- tion. Mr. McGrath gave a fine performance Thursday night and was enthusiastic- ally received. Victor Miller of New York played numbers written by himself and Eastwood Lane. Harold Owen, violinist, presented his own "Legend", with Mrs. Goldie Andrews Snyder at the piano; Louis Baker Phillips of Scranton, Pa., conducted the orchestra in two of his own compositions, and Professor Joseph C. Seiter did likewise in one of his writings. John Barnes Wells of New York sang -songs by Alexander Russell and himself with Mr. Russell at the piano. Frederick Schlieder of New York was at the piano, in his ensemble, "Ariel", and the excerpts from the opera "Lalia", written by Prof.. Harry Leonard Vibbard and Morton Adkins, were sung with much beauty by Mme. Marta Wittkowska and Professpr Charles E. Burnham. Airs. Gordon did songs by Charles Huerter and William Stickles in fine style, with Mr. Huerter providing an exceptionally pleasing piano accompaniment. Airs. Gordon has a voice of beautiful quality and sings with remarkable ease and grace. Air. Russell's choice, "Cantate Domino", closed the concert. V Anniversary Exercises IN OBSERVANCE OF THE COMPLETION OF HALF A CENTURY (Friday, June 11, 1920, 10 A. M.) ORDER OF EXERCISES I. ORCHESTRA March from Tannhauser Wagner II. HYMN Faith of Our Fathers Frederick W. Faber Faith of our fathers, living still, Faith of our fathers, faith and prayer In spite of dungeons, fire and sword, Have kept our country brave and free, O how our hearts beat high with joy, And through the truth that comes from God Whene'er we hear that glorious word! Her children have true liberty! Faith of our fathers, holy faith, Faith of our fathers, holy faith, We will be true to thee till death. We will be true to thee till death. Faith of our fathers, we will love Both friend and foe in all our strife, And preach thee, too, as love knows how, By kindly words and virtuous life; Faith of our fathers, holy faith, We will be true to thee till death. III. READING OF SCRIPTURE Rev. Wallace E. Brown, D.D. Pastor of the University Church, Syracuse, N. Y. IV. PRAYER Rev. Edmund M. Mills, D.D., Litt.D. V. INTRODUCTORY ADDRESS Chancellor jAmes R. Day, S.T.D., LL.D., L.H.D. VI. ADDRESS Hon. Harry H. Farmer, Ph.B. Mayor of the City of Syracuse VII. ADDRESS Charles F. Wheelock, LL.D. Assistant Commissioner of Education VIII. ADDRESS W. H. Crawshaw, Ph.D., LL.D. Dean of Colgate University 86 ANNIVERSARY EXERCISES [87 IX. THE ALMA MATER Junius W. Stevens, Where the vale of Onondaga Meets the eastern sky, Proudly stands our Alma Mater On her hilltop high. Chorus Flag we love, Orange ! float for aye, O Syracuse, o'er thee; May thy sons be leal and loyal To thy memory. When the evening twilight deepens And the shadows fall, Linger long the golden sunbeams On thy western wall. Chorus. When the shades of night shall gather, Dark the heart may be, Still the rays of youth and love shall Linger long o'er thee. Chorus. X. ADDRESS Jacob Gould Schurman, Ph.D., LL.D. President of Cornell University XL BENEDICTION Rev. John Heston Willey, Ph.D., S.T.D. XII. ORCHESTRA Postlude. CHANCELLOR DAY I told Dr. Place that I was in the attitude of a host and that it would not be at all proper for me to deliver an address and still adhere to my conviction, whatever might be the disagreement of the faculty to my decision. I am here just simply a sort of a figure head. You know a man who is to speak, likes sometimes to put himself in an attitude of that kind, so that if he does not make out anything, why nobody expected him to, for he forewarned them, and if he should chance in any way to say something, then, he gets credit for what he says. Now I am in the very comfortable position or uncomfortable position of a public speaker. I have been told, however, and was told by so high an authority as John B. Goff, that a man who does not feel like running away from his audience is a man from whom an audience would be glad to run. I suppose there is something in that. If I may bring up an old formula which starts "while I was a settin' and a thinkin' ", I would say to you that there has come into my thoughts while sitting here the contrast that there must be in the minds of those few who were living here and observing fifty years ago this morning. Fifty years seems a short time after all, to those who have traveled over it and yet fifty years is a measurement. And fifty years ago the only thing that this University had was a charter and an abund- ance of courage, prophetic for coming years. When you think for a moment of what this University started with, or rather without, you are astonished, you are amazed. A hundred thousand dollars was an inducing gift of the city to locate here. A hundred thousand dollars ! That does sound strange for the endowment of a university ! And you add to it another hundred thousand dollars, or possibly two hundred thousand, which after all did not realize, pledged by friends who had 88] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 full more faith than dollars. A hundred thousand dollars would not found one chair of a University in these days, but I would rather have a hundred thousand dollars with the courage of those men and their vision than to have a million dollars to-day without that faith, because the real asset was in the men. The dollars, of course, were worth more than the same dollars to-day. Two or three times more, probably three times more, if you take into account the frugal and economic habits of the people who used the dollars, and, of course, the purchasing power of a dollar in those times. But it did seem small. It does now seem small. Perhaps that would be the better way to put it. I think it looked pretty large in those days. They selected a pasture up here, about as far out of the city as they could go so as not to be contaminated by the city. They climbed over fences to get up here in order to study the proposition of the first building. They had fifty acres and they thought it large enough for all time. With over one hundred acres we are wondering what we shall do by and by. But nevertheless they were great, those men, great for their times, great for our time, and they grow greater as this Uni- versity and all of their works of this city grow greater. I need not give you a catalog of them. The most of you know their names. They were confined to no particular sect. There were men of law and medicine, of merchandise and statesmanship. There were scholars as well among them. They were intent upon founding a University in the village-city of Syracuse, and they were wise. Their charter was wise, and their outlook was of a worthy scope. They thought of things that are to be. They made such provision for the things that are to be that it has not been necessary to make much amendment to the charter with which they started this enterprise. In the years I have been here we have seldom been obliged to go to the Legislature for permission to do things which were not provided in the early days. As I look over the charter as they had it and with its very first amendment it seems to me that it provides now for everything we might hope to do in the genera- tions that are to come. They were men of large vision. They did not quite agree in the beginning upon the subject of co-education. They thought that the men were the elect of the earth and the only people who really needed an education. That, however, might have been somewhat compli- mentary, for they considered the women without an education fully the equal of the men with an education. That must have been the conclusion. They had a battle royal on the proposition of whether the women should have the privileges of this University, and Judge Comstock, I think a graduate of Yale, surrendered most graciously when Dr. Benoni Ives stated to him that on no other condition than equal terms to women would the little college of Genesee or Geneva or Lima come in this town. So they accepted the women and fifty years seems to have vindicated the equal place of women upon the face of the earth. She started them together in the Garden of Eden. I think she will close it up. I never, however, charged up quite so much to her in the Garden of Eden. I think Adam was rather a weak sister himself. ANNIVERSARY EXERCISES [89 , We started with forty-one students when, on the following autumn, we began down town in a commercial block, and they tell me they had to have a brass band to get together an audience a year or so after in the Wieting. But that was aban- doned after a time. For years we have not needed a brass band at the end of the procession. But I must not discuss that question with you any more than to say a word of the founders. They gave us the things to do. We must credit back to them things that are. They belonged to us to do. They must belong to us on the new arrange- ment for the day. The founders of the College University were the foundation of this co-ordinate University. They did not have fortunes. There was scarcely a millionaire in this town, but they had heroism, and they had the right spirit of constructive enthusiasm. Men like Peter Burns and Erastus Holden said to Chancellor Sims, when he came here ten years after the opening of the University, only ten years, "We haven't great fortunes, Chancellor, but we will put our estates at your command to see you through." The Chancellor told me that with deep feeling and with great gratitude. And as they were, so were many others. Ministers in comparative poverty gave to the extent of increased poverty. Work- ingmen came with their offering. Business men also. And they were our founders. The Mayor was to have been here to-day to represent the city, as the Mayor was present at the beginning of this University, but having met with an accident, which, however, is not so serious as to cause anxiety, nevertheless was so serious as to disable him from the pleasure of the hour, he can not be here, and in his place Mr. William A. Dyer, President of the Chamber of Commerce, an Alumnus of Brown University, has kindly consented to make the representation for the city. ADDRESS OF MR. WILLIAM ALLEN DYER President of the Syracuse Chamber of Commerce When I was called on the telephone last night about ten o'clock by Professor Place, who requested me to take the place of Mayor Farmer on your program, I was both glad and regretful glad because of the opportunity it gave me, representing the City of Syracuse, to speak a word of praise in honor of this great University, which we have all come to be so proud of, but regretful for the cause. I am happy to say, however, that Mayor Farmer is not seriously injured and will be about in a day or two in good health. A great statesman one of our greatest a college man whose memory I love to revere, once said on an occasion similar to this "A Century is but a moment of history. It has often happened that several of them have passed away since men began to record their deeds with little changes in the aspect or progress of the world. But at other times of intense action and spiritual awakening a single generation go] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 may form an epoch", and few periods of equal duration have been so crowded with great events and of so much moment to Syracuse as the past fifty years. I will not take your time in the recitation of the wonderful things which have come to pass and the progress made in the last fifty years, but one or two achieve- ments which appeal to me as warranting special attention at this time are these : First The extension and perfection of our public school system, so that it has become possible in nearly every State of the Union for a young person, of either sex, to secure without paying a cent of tuition, a better education than the best university could give fifty or more years ago. Second The extension, since 1870, of the right to vote in every State of the Union and soon the right to any person to vote, regardless of sex. During this period eleven Presidents have served their terms, two living and the twelfth is about to be elected. Four great expositions have been held ; stupendous engineering works have been undertaken, so great in their scope as to make all the achievements of past history seem in comparison as a tallow dip to an electric light. Great bridges have been built. A great canal, connecting two oceans ; subways, tunnels and viaducts constructed; great steamers carrying tens of thousands of tons of produce and merchandise and whole cities of passengers; the telegraph and telephone with a mileage of wires which would go scores of times around the circumference of the earth; the phonograph and wireless telegraphy, and the motion picture projecting into the future our movements of to-day. Two great wars have been fought. The population of our country has more than doubled and its wealth quadrupled, so that at the end of fifty years, we find ourselves conducting one-fifth of the world's agriculture; one-fourth of the world's mining, one-third of its manufacturing and possessed with one-fourth of its wealth. A brief half century ago, Syracuse sought and welcomed this University. The city may well pause, after the lapse of fifty eventful years and consider if the hopes and visions which led to the establishment here of this great University, have not been amply fulfilled. The dreams of those far-sighted men of 1870 who sought Syracuse University for us could hardly have had in them, the fancy that the little college of those days would grow in so brief a time to the great institution of learning that we are so proud to refer to wherever we go and whenever we speak of Syracuse as OUR UNIVERSITY; that the one college and the limited curriculum of early days embracing but a score or more of studies would have enlarged in these latter days to eight colleges, and more than 1000 courses of study and w r e can hardly realize that the investment of $100,000 made then by this city has increased in value to over six millions and the students in number from less than 100 to 5,000, with hundreds more waiting at the door for admission. And even the beginning is not yet ! ANNIVERSARY EXERCISES [91 Syracuse is only in its vigorous youth, not even yet in the full maturity of its power and its capacity for good. Is it not just and right on this occasion, standing here as the representative of our city, that I should bring home to our citizens a fact so few of us realize that as a result of these visions fifty years ago, here in Syracuse, we now have a com- plete educational system, which takes our boys and girls from the kindergarten, through the primary grades and high schools to this Universiy one of the very greatest in the United States, and by means of the education acquired through its technical, mechanical, professional and art colleges, and post-graduate courses, finally fits them completely for immediate and well equipped entrance into life. Surely Syracuse visioned valiantly when it sought this University! Surely Syracuse made no mistake when it bade this University welcome ! And may I not now, as I welcome heartily, in behalf of this hustling, bustling growing city of ours (and I assure you I do it in no perfunctory spirit), the thousands of alumni, friends and guests, predict a growth far greater and more blessed than the past. We are proud of our University. We are glad that in all these fifty years, we have had its forward leadership to lift us in our aspirations above the materialistic things of life. "We are glad it has been such a powerful influence for good in church and state and home, both in this community and in the distant parts of this country and the world; that it has given to the world, teachers, missionaries, statesmen and diplo- mats, that it has graduated men to win fame in education, theology, medicine, law and business and that it has enriched the private lives of thousands who in turn have become centers of higher life for thousands more." It faces the future with a confidence born of the experiences of the past, of diffi- culties surmounted and triumphs achieved. Syracuse bids you welcome and God speed. ADDRESS OF MR. CHARLES F. WHEELOCK, EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, ALBANY I deem it a distinct honor as well as a very great privilege to have been elected to bring to Syracuse University to-day the greetings of the State Educational Department, on this occasion of the celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the founding of the University. I bring these congratulations and these greetings most heartily and most cordially from, I think I may say, every person connected with the State Educational Department, especially from Dr. Finley, who asked me to especially express his personal interest in this occasion and in this University. Syracuse University is a young institution. As has been said by the previous speaker, it has completed a period of youth. It is just graduating into its period 92 ] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 of adolescence, and has before it we hope a long period of maturing years of activity as a University. Fifty years seems like a long period in the life of a man. Per- sonally it seems long to me. Fifty years ago to-day I was just finishing my fresh- man year in college. It is sort of an anniversary with me personally as well as with you. It seems almost incredible that within that short period this University has accomplished so much. I well remember reading in the newspapers fifty years ago an account of the opening or founding of this university, and, as I said, it seems incredible that in fifty years this University has grown to be one of the very greatest in the land. But we should remember that a university never grows old. There is really no such a thing as an old university. Syracuse University essentially, although not in the form of a university, is really a hundred years old, yet this does not make it aged. In order not to seem mysterious let me say that there are those of us who believe that the fundamental idea of an American University, which all of you see realized in Syracuse University, had its inception more than a hundred years ago in Herkimer County in this state, and there is a direct connection with that ideal down to Syracuse University. The five minutes that are alloted to me to-day would not allow me to go into a detailed account of that, and certainly it is an interesting thing and one that I think you will find interest in pursuing. While Syracuse is among the very young- est, so far as organized life is concerned, it is among the oldest, if not the oldest real American University. I am told that Syracuse University has graduated about ten thousand students. I have not the exact number. It would seem to be absolutely impossible for any person to estimate the enormous influence, morally, socially, intellectually, politi- cally and economically, that has been exerted upon this state, upon this nation, and upon the world by ten thousand people who have gone out from this institution in the last fifty years. I feel it is almost beyond the power of imagination to com- pute that influence. But the Educational Department has special interest in Syracuse University for one other reason. I have not the exact data at hand, but I think I am perfectly safe in the statement and well within the truth, that in the secondary schools of this state there are more representatives, as teachers, of Syracuse University than of any other institution within the state. There are older schools, but no other, I think, has so enthused its graduates with the spirit of going out into schools of the state as teachers as Syracuse University. It has been my privilege, for many years to have had, in a way, the general supervision of the secondary schools of New York State, and it is a very unusual secondary school in this state in which there is not found one or more representatives of Syracuse University. This seems to me one of the most immediate results of the education secured at this institution. ANNIVERSARY EXERCISES [93 This is one of the influences of this University directly down to the secondary schools, through them to the elementary schools, and then the reflex action is brought back to Syracuse University students again. It has been, I think, one of the most potential means. The state is interested in all her educational institutions. We are proud of our elementary schools, which educate all the children of all the people. We are proud of our secondary schools, which give an opportunity for those who have the capacity and the inclination to go somewhat further with their educational progress. We are especially proud of all our colleges and universities which train for leadership. There are none, I am sure, but that recognize the importance of the public school, the absolute necessity of the public school, the vital importance of the public school. We are, therefore, proud of our colleges, and especially proud of this institution, one of the youngest of our great institutions, that has made this wonderful progress in this wonderful fifty years. ADDRESS OF DEAN WILLIAM H. CRAWSHAW OF COLGATE UNIVERSITY It is very gracious and chivalrous on your part to invite a son of Colgate to the honor and privilege of bidding you hail and Godspeed on this great occasion. On many a well-fought field, our "young barbarians" have met each other at play and have been each other's dearest foes. We meet to-day in "an ampler ether, a diviner air". As friends and comrades we clasp hands and challenge each other to the nobler rivalry of sendee to the human mind and spirit. We say to each other: Come, join in the only battle wherein one man can fail, Where whoso fadeth and dieth, yet his deed shall still prevail. As a representative of Colgate University, and also if you will allow me to say so as an adopted son of your own Alma Mater, I congratulate you on your growth of fifty years and on your distinguished service to the cause of American education; I greet your banners still advancing beyond the golden jubilee which you have thus auspiciously reached ; I wish and prophesy for you ever-broadening and ever-ascending paths of service and of honor. Your sister colleges say to you, Victuri Salutamus; for they are at one with you in the purpose to live, with a life more intense and more abundant. We rejoice in your work because you stand for liberal education as the broad and sound basis of special training, for moral and religious ideals, for Christian manhood and womanhood. There was never a day when the world had more need of broad intelligence backed by sound character. There was never a day when there was so great need to lay insistent emphasis upon the human element in education, in politics, in our industrial and social and religious life. We are in danger of becoming 94] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 slaves to machinery, of losing ourselves in the study of mere formulae and processes, of regarding nature and human life as a cunning mechanism with no God behind it, with no soul in it, with no spiritual glory for its purposed goal. If there is any master key to the threatening problems of our time, it lies in a deeper and clearer conviction of this fact that man is a living soul and not a mere cog in a machine or a unit in a table of statistics. I was told the other day of someone's definition of a hen "A hen is an egg's way of producing another egg." That is a humorous but apt illustration of a funda- mentally wrong attitude of mind. It states a fact and obscures an essential truth. It lays emphasis in the wrong place. It insists on a process rather than on the vital result. We might also say that an egg is a hen's way of producing another hen. The distinction involves a vast difference in our interpretaton of the meaning and the value of life. As we ascend in the scale of being, this distinction becomes ever more important. You remember Tennyson's wonderful picture of the eagle: He clasps the crag with crooked hands : Close to the sun in lonely lands, Ring'd with the azure world, he stands. The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls; He watches from his mountain walls, And like a thunderbolt he falls. There is the truth of the eagle in his beauty and his pride, his vitality and his power. Is it less or more significant than that which regards him and his mate as the medium between an egg and another egg ? As for man, what is the truth of him? Is he merely a grandfather's way of producing a grandson, or is he a living soul, a unique personality, infinitely signifi- cant and infinitely precious? According as we answer the one way or the other, will there not be a tremendous difference in our ideas of education and of all other human problems and activities ? Ruskin tells us of a lecturer on Botany who said "the object of his lectures would be entirely accomplished if he could convince his hearers that there was no such thing as a flower". His insight could discern no deeper truth about a plant than the fact that a flower is only a particular kind of leaf. To such a mind, as Ruskin says, "there is no such thing as a Man, but only a transitional form of Ascidians or apes". But says Ruskin, "in the thought of Nature herself, there is, in a plant, nothing else but its flowers." These are "the life and passion of the creature". Likewise, "rightly seen with human eyes, there is nothing else but man." "The essence of Light is in his eyes, the centre of Force in his soul, the pertinence of action in his deeds." However it may be elsewhere, education must hold that the supreme fact is man, and the supreme test of education is what it does with man. The only worthy ANNIVERSARY EXERCISES [95 aim of the college is to nourish that passion-flower of all life the human soul. It must believe in man, above all mechanism and processes and formulae, and must strive to kindle into flame his spark of living energy and intelligence and aspira- tion. It must send forth men and women with a vivid sense of the value and great- ness of personality. In that direction lies the best hope of humanity. In that direction lies the road of opportunity for the chosen souls who are to be as a lamp unto the feet of their fellows. The college should teach its sons and daughters that the glory of the human spirit lies not in the smug comfort of those who merely "hoard and sleep and feed," but in the daring and tireless endeavor to realize the infinite possibilities of the intellectual and spiritual life, in the passion and determina- tion To follow knowledge like a sinking star Beyond the utmost bound of human thought .... To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. PRESIDENT SCHURMAN Introduction by Chancellor Day I very deeply regret President Schurman's leaving Cornell University because the relations between the President of Cornell and the Chancellor of Syracuse University have been very delightful. I have preached, not quite so often as he has kindly requested, but nevertheless preached in his chapel on the great campus at Cornell. I have endeavored several times to have President Schurman with us on different occasions, but found it impossible because dates conflicted. I have no doubt that a very worthy man will be made president of Cornell University, but I am equally certain that no man will come there who will be more fraternal, more kindly courteous and helpful in his relations with the college presidents of this state than has been true of Jacob Gould Schurman. It gives me great delight to announce President Schurman. ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT JACOB GOULD SCHURMAN OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY I have first to bring you, and I do so with pleasure, cordial greetings and sincere congratulations from the President, faculties, students and alumni of Cornell University. This is a great occasion in your history, and I feel very deeply honored that you have selected me as one of the speakers to aid in the commemoration of the event. Owing to circumstances which the Chancellor has referred to, I have to say that when I was honored with this invitation I said it would be impossible for me to give the principal address, as I might not be back from Japan in time, and if I were I should be overwhelmed with other engagements. But I wanted to be here. I wanted to be here because of the friendly relations I have had for so many 96] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 years with your Chancellor, your distinguished Chancellor, and many members of the faculties. I wanted to be here because through all these years I have striven for closer relations between the two universities. I wanted to be here also because, as the Chancellor has been good enough to say, through all these years of my administration at Cornell, I have felt it my duty, the highest service to my own university, to maintain the closest and friendliest relations with the other colleges and universities in the country. No institution has any monopoly of education. There is room for us all. I wish I had time to make a suitable address on this great occasion. Your Dean who invited me on behalf of the Chancellor was good enough to say that the audience would excuse even rambling remarks if I came, and I take shelter under the policy of the Chancellor. I had some time for meditation in the upper berth of the sleeper on the New York Central last night. I have known the Chancellor a good many years, and he never needs apologize for any speech he makes. I could, if I had him alone, give him some lessons in some other things, for I am a senior president, and he is a mere sophomore, and you students will realize what a vast chasm yawns between us. Some day he will have been presi- dent as long as I have, and then he will know something of the business. But the Dean suggested that you might be interested in, as I have said, even rambling remarks, and perhaps I may tell you that within the last six weeks I have addressed a good many universities and colleges. I have addressed the Imperial University at Tokio. I have been, therefore, somewhat in touch with the colleges and universities of different kinds during my absence. One is tremendously impressed with the growth and advancement of the country, especially in education. Tokio, the capital, has passed from the stage of jinrikishas to the stage of auto- mobiles. Twenty-one years ago jinrikishas were the vehicles. To-day it has disappeared almost entirely. This is one example which we find to illustrate the progress of Japan. It is shown in her business, in mining, in manufacturing, in steamship lines, in everything. It is perfectly amazing what that nation has accom- plished since she opened to the world. But I think there is nothing more astounding than the progress educationally. All her boys and girls are in the elementary schools, from six to fourteen years of age. The percentage who attend is from ninety-eight to ninety-nine, so that Japan is probably to-day the most literate country on the face of the earth. But the high schools and colleges are limited in number, as are also the universities, and students are admitted to these higher institutions only on competitive examinations. So that the boys and girls in the high schools are a select class, as the students in the universities are a selected class once more from the graduates of the high schools. The result is that the very flower of the youth of Japan is in the universities. Women too are not excluded, for they are in the colleges and universities of Tokio having recently been thrown open to women. When we regard the experience of other countries, we may venture to predict that in time, and in the not far distant future, women will be admitted on the same terms as men. ANNIVERSARY EXERCISES [97 There are some very gratifying things in addressing the students of these universities. I didn't know a word of Japanese. I spoke every word in English. An interpreter was present for the benefit of the general audience, but somehow or other, in spite of that I felt in meeting the students and members of the faculties that although I knew not a word of their language, and perhaps they didn't always understand me, we did have a way of understanding each other and realizing we belonged to one common family, for colleges and universities of the country do all stand for great common principles and ideals. They stand for the things worth while in human life. There has never been a time like the present time when these fundamental things for which our institutions stand need to be emphasized and reassured. From another point of view we may say that these colleges and universities stand for ideals, just as churches stand for ideals. Is it conceivable that we have been sent to this earth to sleep and eat and breathe and die like brutes or insects of the world ? What lifts us out of this animal plane ? The fact that we have minds. Dr. William Hamilton used to say that on earth there is nothing great but man. In man there is nothing great but mind, and truth, righteousness, justice. These great ideals of the mind of man need to be emphasized to-day in the colleges and universities of the world. I sometimes say to myself this great war in which the world is still tottering, the shock of which is still convulsing this world, this great war was due to the wrong theory of life. It was perpetrated by Germany, Germany with the greatest universities at one time the world had ever known. The German people, under the influence of the German government, finding German universities accepted a wrong theory of life, as though the great end of existence was to gain rights and material power and other people's territory, just as soon as they threw away the splendid moral and intelligent ends for which Germany has stood a century ago, her doom was sealed. So that the business of colleges and universities is not merely work in some little center in which they happen to be located. It is their business to keep alive the flame by which humanity lives, to lift up the ideals which make the life of humanity worth living. I don't know, young ladies and gentlemen, of any time in my life when the foundations of society and of government were so seriously menaced as they are today. Look for a moment at our economic situation. Under what is known as the individualistic and capitalistic system, as it is sometimes called, this country, one of the ablest nations of the world, has attained great heights of prosperity. Nevertheless during the last twenty or thirty years, among the safest nations of the world there have been appearing an increasing number of men and women who have denounced the foundations of our economic life, charging them with the grossest injustice and attempting their overthrow. We have thought in the economic sphere that there was no proper ownership of private property that a man honestly earns. These critics declare that private property is a curse and 98] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 that all capital now owned by individuals must be swept away and some impersonal organization, which they call the state shall be the sole capitalist and the sole employer of labor. We have seen this thing grown in the last twenty-five years. We didn't dream that we should live to see it put in practice, but one great nation in Europe has endeavored to organize its economic life on this Bolshevistic basis. It is for the colleges and universities and for the public press to-day and in the near future to calmly discuss this great question and eliminate these wrong theories by referring to the actual experience that is now being made in Russia. I am not one of those who are afraid of the results. I do not want any force to be used to restrain them. I am for giving the socialists and all other ists, so long as they keep within the limits of the law, the utmost freedom to defend their theories. In the very bottom of my soul I am sure that we can answer them and refute them not only as in the past but by our reasoning and comparison to the actual demonstra- tions which th^jr theories are having in Russia. I look to the colleges and uni- versities and our leaders of public opinion to perform this service for the American public. You can not suppress the idea by force. You can lead it only by reason, by other ideas sounder and better. Have confidence in the economic system which has made this nation great and successful, until its inadequacy may be proved by reasons infinitely stronger than those that have been brought against it in the past and have impressed just the reverse of what we now have before us in Russia. Even in the political sphere we are living in an age of revision. I know as a student of political science that man has gone through many phases of government. He has lived under despots where you have freedom for one and tyranny for all the rest. He has lived in oligarchies where a group or a class governs all the rest. But in the course of revision there has developed what I believe to be the final system of human government, a government of all by all for all. This is the system America has. In conceiving and putting into practice that system, America has become the pattern of the world to-day. All the nations of the world, from China to Germany, are looking to the United States as their model of government. Shall we at this time loose faith in our own system, desert it, abandon it in any of its essentials ? There are those who would say that we have radicals and revolutionists in poli- tics, and that radicalism and revolution is not American. But once more I would say I would not meet them with force, if I could command the forces of the nations, but I would meet them by solid reason and appeals to their theories. I would like to know whether, for instance, in Russia, where they have substituted what they call the soviet for our Republican form of government, they have produced any- thing that is likely to commend itself to students of government. I believe they are becoming every day more despotic. One class has seized the law or government and has so established itself that it is able to coerce all the others. The whole life in Russia to-day, so far as it functions at all, is one vast system of iron autocracy. ANNIVERSARY EXERCISES [99 I don't know how others feel, but for myself I think freedom the most precious thing in the world. I know no things in any democracy which I wouldn't vastly prefer to anything that Russia, with its present system of Soviets, has yet been able to offer to the world. These are some of the problems which confront recent generations. Problems which, as I say, must be left to our colleges and universities to work out and reach sound conclusions about. It is a great thing for this University to have reached, under such auspices, fifty years of successful achievement. It is a milestone in your career. PRESIDENT SCHURMAN'S ADDRESS (Syracuse Journal, June 11, 1920) Proclaiming freedom "the most precious thing in the world," Dr. Jacob Gould Schurman, President of Cornell University, speaker of the day at the Golden Jubilee exercises at Syracuse University Friday morning, when "Founders' Day" was celebrated, pleaded that "socialism and every other ism which is menacing the foundations of the republic" should be given complete freedom of speech. "I implore you, men and women," Dr. Schurman said, "don't ever think to suppress by force. As long as the advocates of the theories which are flooding the world, uphold the law, let them set forth their theories. It is for the colleges and universities of the country to keep the flame of humanity alive. It is for the col- leges calmly to discuss these experiments which are being made in Russia. Have confidence in the economic system which has made your country great, but watch the progress of other lands. You cannot suppress socialism by force." "I am not afraid of results," Dr. Schurman declared. "I am not one of those who want force to prop up the existing system of government." Dr. Schurman has just returned from a trip to the Orient where he visited the institutions of Japan, speaking in a number of colleges and universities in that country. He declared that Japan, during the past twenty years, has become the most literary country on the face of the globe. "There never has been a time in the history of the world when the foundations of society have been so menaced as to-day," Dr. Schurman declared. He drew a comparison between the economic system which prevailed when the country was first started, when private ownership was believed to be the great incentive to right living, with that which is booming today. Dr. Schurman declared that he had always felt in the most friendly terms for Syracuse University, and was delighted to make an address on the event of her fiftieth anniversary. He was introduced by the Chancellor who stated that it was fitting to have a Cornell official present at the Golden Jubliee by reason of the fact IOQ] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 that Dr. Andrew D. White, President of the neighboring college fifty years ago, laid the corner stone of the College of Liberal Arts. [Dr. White made one of the addresses, Bishop Peck laid the cornerstone. Editor.]. Headed by Chancellor Day, who has worked for twenty-six years to put the college on the hilltop in the front ranks of American universities, where it stands today, the distinguished guests, including Dr. Schurman, Dr. W. H. Crawshaw of Colgate, and Dr. Charles F. Wheelock of Albany, with the six hundred candidates for degrees from the class of 1920 in the procession, the ceremony of Founders' day began with the line of march across the campus to Archbold gymnasium. Congratulations for the growth of fifty years from sister colleges, praise for the spirit of the men who are helping to make it great today and tributes to the founders who had scarcely more than their vision to build upon fifty years ago, formed the basis of the remarks of the Chancellor. CLASS DAY EXERCISES, JUNE 12, 1920. A. HOLLY PATTERSON, PRESIDENT OF THE CLASS SPEAKING. Courtesy of Syracuse Journal. Golden Jubilee Week Editorial from Syracuse Journal, June 11, 1920 Celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of Syracuse University begins under most auspicious conditions. Four days devoted to it will be replete with many and deep pleasurable emotions, as the members of the alumni from far and near join in the dignified, impressive and attractive festivities, and the ceremonies will be followed with keen interest by Syracusans and countless others, warm friends or admirers who have never failed to show devotion to the institution which has become of commanding importance in the educational world. It must be with deep satisfaction that Chancellor Day, Faculty, students and alumni contemplate the inspiring handiwork of intelligent understanding, initiative and unrelaxing industry. There is honor enough for all in the progress onward, and public opinion so apportions it. From the Syracuse Post-Standard, June 11, 1920: Gathering its forces of graduates and former students by the scores on each train arriving in the city last evening, Syracuse University was given its final coat of birthday paint and ribbon yesterday in preparation for four full days of joyous festivities and impressive ceremonies that will mark the celebration of its fiftieth anniversary. Golden Jubilee week opened last night with the Syracuse musical evening in Grouse College auditorium and the Phi Kappa Phi fraternity banquet in Slocum Hall, and while it was an unpretentious opening in comparison with events that are to come, it was evident that the anniversary spirit was in everyone's veins and only awaited expression on more carnival-like occasions. The Journal gives a little more detail as follows : Syracuse is rejoicing in the greatest home gathering of her sons and daughters which has occurred in the years which have sent 10,000 men and women out from the walls on the Hill. An advance guard of more than 500 alumni, former students and friends arrived in town Friday morning, flocking to the hotels and the rooms reserved for them on the Hill. The campus is gaily decorated with bunting in orange and blue, the huge cake in the oval is ready to be cut Saturday afternoon, the oval has been turned into a minature Mardi Gras for use as a general center of activity during the greatest celebration that Syracuse University ever staged. The official program opened Thursday night with the Phi Kappa Phi jubilee in Slocum Hall and the evening of music in Grouse auditorium. Officers elected for the honorary society for the coming year are: President, Dean William L. Bray of the Graduate School; Vice-President, Dean W. P. Graham of the College of Applied Science; Secretary, Professor F. F. Decker, director of extension teach- ing; and treasurer, W. F. Pennington of the College of Forestry. Professor Hugh M. Tilroe of the School of Oratory was elected marshal, and two members, Dean F. R. Walker of the College of Law and Professor F. C. Revels of the College of Fine Arts, were elected to the membership committee. 101 102] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 The Daily Orange set it forth in these terms : An advance guard of five hundred or more alumni, former students and friends of the University arrived in this city yesterday afternoon and last night for the big Golden Jubilee which continues until next Monday in celebration of Syracuse's fiftieth birthday. Railroad trains from all directions and arriving at all hours of the day and night are bringing thousands of others who will revel among old college friendships and scenes on the Hill for the next few days. Every hotel in the city is filled with guests for the University semi-centennial. Visitors are packing all lodging houses, fraternity and sorority homes, and all private residences that welcome guests for the big Grad-Spree. The campus is gaily decorated with bunting and flags of all colors and descrip- tions. The old oval, in particular, presents a colorful picture, having been trans- formed into an imitative Mardi Gras for use as a general center of activity during the greatest celebration that Syracuse University ever staged. Although the Jubilee program officially opened last night with the Phi Kappa Phi fraternity dinner in Slocum Hall and the Evening of Syracuse Music in Grouse auditorium, the big spotlight will not be turned on the occasion until ten o'clock this morning when the anniversary exercises will be held in the Archbold Gym- nasium. From Post-Standard, June 12, 1920: PHI BETA KAPPA OFFICERS Professor William H. Metzler was elected president of the local chapter of Phi Beta Kappa at its annual meeting yesterday afternoon in Slocum Hall. He succeeds Charles W. Tooke. Justice Benjamin J. Shove was made vice-president, Professor Charles H. Carter, treasurer, and Prof. Wm. R. P. Davey re-elected corresponding and recording secretary. The executive committee will be Dean W. P. Graham, Arthur Copeland of Auburn and Miss Carrie Elizabeth Sawyer. Contrary to reports published yesterday afternoon no honorary members were balloted upon or elected at the meeting. Three alumni were elected, Miss Alary Elizabeth Kurtz, Miss Florence Anna McDermott and Clifton Edwin Halstead. The following were elected from the senior class: Mary Louise Finney, Albert Percival Vanselow, Donald Frederick Sears, Florence Lucile Decker, Helen Free- man, Elizabeth Alfaretta Brubaker, Christine Makuen, Doris H. Garrett, Gerald Brunner Faigle, Blanche Ellen Williams, Dorothy Alice Watson, Martha Welles Watt, Eleanor Gladys Heroy, Ruth Dayton Cook, Bethel M. Nelson, F. Marion Jarvis, Idella Mae Smith, Jane Lyle Seafuse, Marion Georgia Britten, Florence Elizabeth Dean, George E. DeMille, John Barsha, Helen Catherine Carroll, Anna Margaret Hutchinson, Richard Randolph Snook, David Sutherland Maclnnis, Mary Elizabeth Oakley, Grace M. Millhouse, Sadie Sarah Heimlich, Edna Mae Lawrence, Emily L. Kruck, Howard Beach, Mildred Emma Wright, Lucile Hunt, Bessie Rendell Jenkins, Lewis Ethan Ellis, Goldie Dorothy Furniss, Adelaide LeMoyne Goodman, Robert James Forsythe Lindsay, Florence Elizabeth Schimpf, Ethel T. Thompson, Ruth Rebecca Ballard, Arlene Van Riper, Ethel Elizabeth Cunningham, Francis Ellery Wood. Phi Beta Kappa Characteristics Address before the Syracuse Chapter, June 11, 1920 By DR. OSCAR M. VOORHEES, Secretary of the United Chapters WE ARE constantly celebrating anniversaries. That is inevitable. The value of an anniversary may be small or great according as it leads to a careful appraisal of that which is celebrated, and its relation to the progress of the world. Phi Beta Kappa is indelibly linked in the minds of all with the progress of higher education. It finds its seat in institutions of learning, receives its members from among their students, but still it remains apart from the institutions themselves. It is not a teaching force. It lays down no curriculum, nor does it control those who arrange courses of study. It is connected with institutions and yet lives its life apart from their control. It may be the severest critic of certain practices of educa- tional institutions, and yet it is welcomed by them with open arms. In fact it is, so far as they are concerned, wholly anomalous, yet it lives a decent, orderly life, and somehow has come to occupy an entirely unique position in the thought of the leaders of college and university affairs. What then are the real characteristics of Phi Beta Kappa? How shall we appraise it? How shall we properly estimate it as an educational force? The fact that Phi Beta Kappa has enjoyed so many anniversaries practically determines that it is for us all an inheritance. It had celebrated many anniver- saries before we were born. Each occasion had had a flavor all its own. The flavor of this occasion, concluding twenty-five years of activity at Syracuse, will not soon be forgotten. We have been told something of the organization effected twenty- five years ago, and our interest has been aroused so that we shall be keen to know more fully the story of its more recent days at this vigorous university. This Chapter, when organized became the thirty-ninth on the roll of the United Chapters. It is now number forty, because the Alpha of Alabama has been revived. It had then a one-fortieth interest in the great whole. Now with ninety-three chapters shall we say it has only a one-ninety-third interest ? That might indicate that its stock is decreasing in value. Such a conclusion you will not, I know, accept as correct. You believe that the years have brought increase, not diminution; advancement, not retrogression. But in what does this consist? I venture to say that most of us will find it difficult to answer this question. And yet we are sure we have a keen appreciation of Phi Beta Kappa and hold our membership in high esteem. And I presume that somehow we think of our own chapter as the norm by which the body as a whole should be estimated. On further thought, I feel sure, you will admit that this cannot be the case. 103 104] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 Such a judgment, drawn from a too narrow knowledge of Phi Beta Kappa history, has been the cause of most of the difficulties that are encountered in the administration of her affairs. Hence I deem it especially important that some knowledge of Phi Beta Kappa history and of the development of Phi Beta Kappa methods is essential on the part of those who shall take active part in individual or United Chapter administration. -Some people, for instance, think membership is based, and should be based entirely, on high attainment as indicated by grades attained in undergraduate days. That is one's acceptance or rejection may be determined by a tabulating machine. Others are prone to look upon a chapter as a delightful club into which it is right to plan to get one's friends introduced and from which others may be excluded. I hold that both of these ideas are equally erroneous, and I so hold because I have found that they did not prevail at the beginning, nor have they been held by the chapters which have given to Phi Beta Kappa her greatest reputation. At the beginning three principles were laid down as a Phi Beta Kappa fundamen- tal. They were Fraternity, Morality, and Literature. The capacity for friendship was not overlooked. The recluse and grind were not necessarily eligible. There was also recognized the essential brotherhood of mankind, and the rule of service in the higher interests of humanity. Then there was morality. The student who attains high ranks by shady methods had no place in Phi Beta Kappa. The candidate was to be scrutinized from the three points of view, and only when passing all three tests was he deemed "worthy of an admission" to her ranks. Then there are those who deem membership in course the only kind that is worthy. Those who did not win out at graduation are shut out forever. This is equally and fundamentally erroneous. The organization had not lived two years before membership was extended to "men not collegians." On this basis three distinguished men were admitted, three out of fifty. They were John Marshall, a student of law; Captain William Pierce, who had won his reputation in the army; and Elisha Parmelee, an alumnus of Harvard. While the men of William and Mary did not, I presume, classify these men, they are typical. One was a man of action; another, without undergraduate rank, was seeking a higher degree. The third was exercising his talents outside the college in the realm of teacher, in anticipation of being ordained to the Christian ministry. It is significant that it was the latter, Elisha Parmelee, who carried the charters to New England and made possible the perpetuation of Phi Beta Kappa; for without his aid the organization would have died and been forgotten. These three men, elected in reality to Honorary Membership, were deemed to measure up to the three fundamental characteristics, in intellectual attainments, in strength of charac- ter and moral purpose, and in the capacity for friendship. I would not have you think that our chapters of to-day should follow exactly the practices of the original society. But I would have you understand that in the process of the years these fundamental principles have been wrought into rules PHI BETA KAPPA CHARACTERISTICS [105 regarding membership that each chapter is bound to observe. There is first mem- bership in Course. That is election near the conclusion of undergraduate or gradu- ate courses of study on the basis of literary attainments; of demonstrated intel- lectual ability, provided, of course, capacity for friendship and moral character are not wanting. While these matters are not always held in primary consideration they should never be left out of the reckoning. There is also the provision for junior elections ; that is on the basis of two and one-half or three years' work. I am firmly convinced that this provision is sound, having the warrant of the earliest practice. Those thus elected should be en- couraged to hold frequent meetings during the senior year to cultivate friendship and stimulate one another in the further pursuit of literary distinction. Then follows what we have chosen to designate Alumni elections, the choice of certain graduates of the institution whose "postgraduate" work merits such election. As care is exercised in the election of Members In Course to avoid partiality, to show a high ethical standard in the selection, so should care be shown in Alumni elections. Favoritism should be ruled out, a careful appraisal of the postgraduate attainments of all the members of a college or university class should be made, and only those elected who are found to have attained the finest reputations, all three Phi Beta Kappa fundamentals being considered. To accomplish this I believe it wise that action be taken with regularity. That is, that on any given year the classes of fifteen and twenty years' standing should be examined, and elections from them only be made. I am strongly advising this plan in order to avoid the appearance of favoritism that seems almost inevitable when elections are made promiscuously. Then we have a third class, when distinguished individuals are elected honoris causa. This practise is as old as Phi Beta Kappa, as I have shown, and was followed to a limited extent in the early days of Harvard and Yale, but was given its widest application by the Alpha of New York at Union College just one hundred years ago. Thus many choice spirits, some of whom had attained collegiate rank in other colleges; and others who had gotten their education outside of college walls, but had gotten it so thoroughly and definitely that there could be no question as to the fact, have been invited into the company of Phi Beta Kappa worthies, and have considered such invitation among the choicest of the honors that could be accorded them. Thus the Alpha of Connecticut gave membership to Noah Webster, Oliver Wolcott, Edward Hitchcock, Fitz Green Hallock, Theodore Dwight, Washington Irving, Albert Barnes, Samuel Hanson Cox, and a considerable number only a little less distinguished. In the same manner the Harvard Chapter added to her roll the names among others of William Cullen Bryant, Orville Dewey, Asa Gray, Louis Agassiz, Arnold Guyot, Bayard Taylor, William Lloyd Garrison, Henry James, William James, John Greenleaf Whittier, and many other of similar reputation and influence. Hence the practice of election to Honorary Membership has all the authority that io6] THE GOLDEN JUBILEE of SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, 1870-1920 consistent application can give it. And yet one chapter in setting up its rules nearly twenty years ago solemnly resolved by constitutional provision never to elect to Honorary Membership. What is the thought behind all these elections? In the matter of members elected in course it is the full confidence that those who have shown Phi Beta Kappa qualities during undergraduate days will continue so to pursue those courses of study and so to manifest those qualities of service that they shall be found among the leaders of thought and action in the course of the years, and will in their turn reflect honor upon the Society that had faith in them. It is also an article of faith that membership in the Society, with its accompanying privilege of wearing the golden key, will stimulate them in the endeavor to be fully worthy of the confidence reposed in them. In regard to those elected later Honoris causa whether to Alumni or Honorary Membership there is the desire to reward by the privileges of a noble fellowship those who have exhibited Phi Beta Kappa characteristics and who will reflect upon the electing society the honor their attainments have merited. Thus while receiving honor they likewise confer it. . I spoke, at the beginning, of our anniversaries, and would here remark that they are essential characteristics of Phi Beta Kappa. She cannot live normally without them. We recall that the original Society observed each succeeding fifth of December, and prescribed in her charters that Foundation Days should be carefully observed. By shifting to Saturday, December fourth, when the fifth fell on Sunday, she set the example of yielding the exact date without destroying the spirit. Those were days when good fellowship was at a high water mark, when "jollity and mirth" were expected, though the least appearance of intoxication subjected the member to a grevious fine. The Harvard anniversaries have perpetuated in a remarkable manner the William and Mary precedent, and other chapters have fallen into line, though some with less lively interest. Our presence here to-day is evidence of our desire to perpetuate the spirit of Fraternity, and of mutual interest that burned so brightly in the cavalier atmosphere of Virginia. I would not have you gather that the original Society is the absolute norm in all respects. The history of the decades that have followed sheds light upon the lines of development. Some things have been evolved in the progress of the years. Secrecy was eliminated because it was unnecessary. Women were admitted be- cause it became necessary if right were still to be the basis of our ethics. A union of the branches could not be avoided if the desire for growth, evinced by the chart- ers of 1779, were to proceed in an orderly manner. By expansion Phi Beta Kappa became of necessity a national organization. The United Chapters came into being by a process working from within, and the rules that govern us to-day are those that became absolutely necessary if Phi Beta Kappa were to control her life and order her destiny. PHI BETA KAPPA CHARACTERISTICS [107 A knowledge of these steps, in the path of expansion, of the history of her development, is quite essential to any one who would join hands with those who labor for her worthy enlargement. A priori ideas often lead into a blind pocket, unwittingly, I know, but still inevitably. A superlative illustration was that of a college president, whose active connection with his chapter had lasted a few hours, who had no experience with chapter practice, much less with the direction of the United Chapters, who presumed to think that his ideas should be deemed final, and that constitutional provisions should bend and yield obeisance. Some tyros in chapter management seem at times to think they are doing God's service when they attempt to overrule the constituted officers of the society. For the most part, however, they are found amenable to reason when fortified by precedents that are interpreted with caution and confidence. After an experience of nearly two decades in administering Phi Beta Kappa affairs I am firmly convinced that while literature scholarly attainment has come to be the star of first magnitude in our galaxy, Fraternity and Morality, a capacity for intellectual fellowship and a high conception of the ethical forces that should govern in human affairs, must not be left out of the reckoning. It is remarkable, indeed, that in but a few cases have chapters found it necessary to remove members because they had fallen down to unworthy deeds and companionships. And it is remarkable, also, to be finding constantly that those who are among the leaders in high moral endeavor, and who rank high in loyal service to humanity, are wearers of the golden key. It is of the genius of Phi Beta Kappa that she has in her mem- bership so many who lead in intellectual affairs, and who still find time to serve well their day and generation. CHANCELLOR'S RECEPTION A splendid reception was held by Chancellor and Mrs. Day at their beautiful home on Walnut Avenue. It was largely attended by faculty and alumni. CONFERENCE VISITORS Eight Conference visitors to the University commencement, representing adjacent conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, arrived yesterday and held an organization meeting on the Hill. Rev. C. H. Newing of Wyoming (Pennsylvania) Conference was re-elected chairman, and Rev. C. M. Eddy of this city, representing Central New York Conference, was again made secretary. Others of the official visitors are Rev. Charles M. Olmstead of Wyoming Conference, Rev. Wm. J. Burt, Rev. S. A. Davies and Rev. William N. Hydon of Northern New York Conference, Rev. Joseph E. Grant of Newark Conference and Rev. C. H. Oakley of New York Conference. (From Syracuse Post-Standard, June 11, 1920). O o 25 cq o O w E 1 08 VI 1870