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 UCSB LIBRARY 
 
 X-
 
 EDWARD BURROUGH.
 
 EDWARD BURROUGH. 
 3 iHtmm'r 
 
 OF A 
 
 FAITHFUL SERVANT OF CHRIST AND MINISTER 
 OF THE GOSPEL, 
 
 WHO DIED IN NEWGATE, 
 
 14TH, 12 Mo., 1662. 
 
 WILLIAM AND THOMAS EVANS, 
 
 OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 CHARLES GILPIN, BISHOPSGATE WITHOUT; 
 
 EDINBURGH: ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK; 
 
 DUBLIN : J. B. GILPIN. 
 
 1851.
 
 LONDON . 
 
 J. I MH.V, OKKSHAM STKAM PRESS, 
 BUCKLE ESBUK1.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 THE materials for compiling a life of Edward 
 Burrough are extremely scanty. His death occurred 
 so early after the rise of the Society, and at a 
 period when Friends were enduring such severe 
 persecution, many of them being shut up in prisons, 
 that it is probable but little care was then taken to 
 collect or put on record the incidents of his short 
 but laborious life. It does not appear that he kept 
 any account of himself, except the few particulars 
 which are scattered through his controversial or 
 other religious writings. These, with the scanty 
 materials furnished by incidental notices of him, in 
 the journals of other Friends of that day, and in 
 Sewel's History, are all that can now be obtained. 
 
 From this circumstance the reader will not expect 
 to find a minute or closely connected biography
 
 VI INTBODTJCTIOW. 
 
 of this remarkable man yet, with all the paucity of 
 material, there is enough to form a narrative deeply 
 instructive and interesting. Perhaps there are few 
 instances on record, of more full and entire devo- 
 tion to the cause of Christ and the good of souls, more 
 fervent zeal, more untiring industry, more patient 
 and meek endurance of reproach and persecution, 
 than marked his character. 
 
 From the day of his espousal to Christ, his course 
 seems to have been straight forward, never looking 
 back or flinching amid all the afflictions and suffer- 
 ings which beset him for the Gospel's sake. Bold, ar- 
 dent, and devoted in pursuing the path of Christian 
 duty, he was clothed with a dignity and Divine autho- 
 rity which made him a terror to evil-doers, while the 
 meekness and gentleness of Christ softened and 
 adorned his whole character, and qualified him to 
 administer the balm of Divine consolation to the 
 afflicted and contrite mourner. 
 
 Cheerfully surrendering every prospect of worldly 
 ease and profit at the call of duty, he devoted the 
 prime and strength of his days to the service of his 
 Lord, labouring night and day for the good of souls 
 and the spread of vital religion, and crowding into 
 the narrow compass of a few years, a greater
 
 INTBODUCTION. Vll 
 
 amount of labour than is often accomplished in a 
 protracted life. 
 
 Undaunted by the frowns and cruel persecution 
 of his enemies, he never flinched from fines, impri- 
 sonment, or any species of personal abuse or violence, 
 but nobly stood as in the forefront of the battle ; and 
 at last, actuated by that Christian sympathy which 
 is ever ready to share the sorrows and sufferings of 
 brethren and sisters in Christ, he repaired to London, 
 during a time of extraordinary severity against 
 Friends there, and being seized and dragged to 
 gaol from one of their meetings, the pestilential 
 atmosphere, caused by the crowded state of the 
 apartment, soon undermined his health; and he 
 gradually sank away, in peace with God and man, a 
 martyr for the name and testimony of Jesus, 
 exchanging a prison on earth for an incorruptible 
 crown in heaven.
 
 MEMOIR 
 
 EDWAED BUEEOTJGH. 
 
 CHAPTEE I. 
 
 EDWAED BTJEBOTJGH was born in the year 1634, 
 in or near Underbarrow, a village in the barony 
 of Kendal, in Westmoreland. His parents were 
 respected for their virtue and honesty ; and as they 
 were possessed of a sufficient estate, they gave 
 their son the best education that could be obtained 
 for him in the neighbourhood where they resided. 
 He displayed much manliness of character at an 
 early age, abstaining in great measure from the 
 ordinary amusements of youth, and evincing a relish 
 for the company and conversation of pious persons 
 of enlarged and mature minds. He was fond of 
 reading the Holy Scriptures, and having a retentive 
 memory, he became well versed in them. His 
 parents were members of the Episcopal church, 
 and brought him up in the practice of the cere- 
 monies which its ritual prescribed. He describes 
 
 B
 
 2 MEMOIR or 
 
 his religion, at this time, as consisting in " going 
 one day in seven to hear a man preach to read 
 and sing, and rubble over a prayer ; whilst I was 
 wanton and light, and lived in pleasure without 
 the fear of God ; not knowing God but by hearsay 
 and tradition." 
 
 He was early favoured with the visitation of 
 Divine grace, making him uneasy with his sensual 
 enjoyments and sinful condition, and inciting him 
 to seek after better things. He says, " "When I 
 grew up towards twelve years of age, something 
 stirred in me, and showed me that there was a 
 higher religion than that I was exercised in." He 
 visited various places of worship, for the purpose of 
 finding some purer way than that in which he then 
 was ; and thought the Presbyterians had more that 
 seemed like truth amongst them, than those with 
 whom he had been educated. " So I got to be a 
 Presbyterian," says he, " and followed the highest 
 of the priests and professors of that form, and grew 
 in favour with them. Then I left some little of 
 my vanity and lightness, and pride grew up in me. 
 Some of my former acquaintance began to scorn 
 me, and by labouring here, I gathered knowledge 
 of things without, but yet was ignorant of the 
 living truth. 
 
 " When I was about seventeen years of age, it 
 pleased God to show himself a little to me, and 
 something struck me with terror. When I had 
 been praying, I heard the voice often, ' Thou art 
 ignorant of God thou knowest not where he is ;
 
 EDWARD BFRROUGH. 3 
 
 to what purpose is thy prayer ? ' So, much fear 
 came upon me, and broke me off from praying 
 many times ; trouble came thick into my mind, and 
 fearfulness fell upon me. I was struck off from 
 my delights, which I formerly loved, and what I 
 had gathered in, as of God, died. I left off reading 
 in the Scriptures, for something showed me that I 
 was very ignorant, and knew not the true God ; 
 and the beauty of all things vanished. I went to 
 some, asking what that God was, which was pro- 
 fessed ? for I said, ' I know him not ;' but I got 
 no satisfaction from any. 
 
 " At this time," he continues, " I was much 
 separated from the vain ways of the world, and 
 from worldly people; and was made to reprove 
 many for wickedness in words and actions ; and 
 was derided, and looked upon scornfully by many. 
 The preaching of those whom I had formerly much 
 delighted in, was withered and decayed. Tet it 
 pleased the Lord to show himself in love to me, 
 and I had sweet refreshment, coming in from him 
 to my soul, and had joy and peace in abundance, 
 and openings of the living truth in me, which the 
 world knew not of. The mystery of the Scriptures 
 was something opened, which before I knew nothing 
 of; and I saw many glorious things in it, which lie 
 hid under the letter. I was in much rejoicing 
 many times, and sang praises, for I was brought 
 out of the land of darkness, and could say, I was in 
 the light. 
 
 "But not knowing the cross of Christ, I ran 
 B 2
 
 4 MEMOIE OP 
 
 forth, in my wisdom comprehending the mysteries 
 of God. Having a light shining in me, I grew up 
 into notions, to talk of high things, for it was my 
 delight to comprehend in my busy mind. Thus, 
 being ignorant of the cross, to keep low in it, I ran 
 before my guide up into comprehension, and then 
 was I above many of the priests and professors, and 
 followed only to hear the highest notionists, that 
 preached high things. But the fleshly man was at 
 liberty, and so I became one of them in their dis- 
 coursings, and was looked upon by them to know 
 much. The former terror was gone, and I had got 
 up from under the judgment ; pride grew more 
 than ever, self-conceit, presumption, and fleshly 
 liberty to the carnal mind ; and my delight was 
 much in discoursing, where I gave holy things unto 
 dogs, and cast pearls before swine. Wisdom was 
 hid from me ; I lived pleasantly, for I had the true 
 God, and the true truth in my comprehension, 
 which by my wisdom in the light I had compre- 
 hended, and I had the world in my heart. Pride, 
 covetousness, and the earthly spirit ruled, and my 
 delight was grown up to that, which once I had no 
 delight in, and the beauty of things grew, which 
 seemed to have been vanished. Here I was run 
 from my husband after other lovers, and had left 
 the Lord my Maker, who had so graciously made 
 himself manifest unto me. I became darkened, 
 lost that which I once had, and had in memory 
 that which before I had enjoyed. I could tell of 
 experiences, but they were dead to me ; and some-
 
 EDWABD BURBOT! GH. 5 
 
 thing within began to question how it was with me ; 
 for I saw myself to be ignorant more than formerly, 
 and I saw that I knew nothing." 
 
 At this period he felt earnest desires to regain 
 the state from which he had fallen ; yet was not 
 humbled enough to seek restoration in that abased- 
 ness of self, which would have prepared him for 
 knowing the gracious promise fulfilled, " Seek, and 
 ye shall find." He endeavoured to comfort himself 
 in the recollection of the seasons of inward com- 
 munion with the Lord which he had formerly 
 enjoyed, saying, " "Whom God loves once, he loves 
 for ever." This doctrine, which was very prevalent 
 among the Calvinistic Puritans, is eminently evil 
 in its tendency, by soothing the anguish for sin, 
 which the Lord in mercy, as well as in judgment, 
 brings upon his backsliding children, in order to 
 induce them to seek reconciliation with Him 
 through Christ, by repentance and amendment of 
 life. 
 
 Edward Burrough could not, however, long rest 
 satisfied to trust in former experiences, knowing, 
 from the convictions of the Holy Spirit in himself, 
 that his heart was not right in the sight of God. 
 What would it have availed him, if called into 
 another state of existence, that he had once been 
 favoured with Divine approbation, when, to use his 
 own language, " that was head and ruled in me, 
 which God never loved ? " The witness for Truth 
 in his heart did not suffer him to settle down at 
 rest. He grew weary of the preaching of the
 
 6 MEMOIR OF 
 
 priests, even of those who made the highest profes- 
 sion, and through the discoveries of that Divine 
 Light which still shone in his heart, he perceived 
 the spiritual ignorance and emptiness of the pro- 
 fessors of the Christian name. 
 
 Whilst in this unsettled state, he informs us, that 
 " it pleased the Lord to send into the parts where 
 I lived, his faithful servant and messenger, George 
 Fox. He spoke the language which I knew not, 
 notwithstanding all my high talking." It was 
 about the first of the fourth month, 1652, that 
 George Fox came to Underbarrow, where Edward 
 Burrough met with him. He had previously been 
 at Kendal, and had preached at a meeting there 
 with such prevailing power, that a number of 
 persons received his doctrine ; and several of these 
 came with him to Underbarrow. 
 
 The doctrine of the light of Christ Jesus, made 
 manifest in the heart, reproving for evil, giving a 
 right understanding of the Holy Scriptures, and 
 leading the humble and obedient ones to the saving 
 knowledge of Him who died for them, was calcu- 
 lated to produce a strong impression on the minds 
 of those, who had long been fruitlessly seeking after 
 truth and religious stability, among empty forms 
 and ceremonies. Yet the truth thus declared to 
 them, being in the cross to man's natural wisdom, 
 was not received without opposition and argument; 
 and amongst the contenders against it were Edward 
 Burrough. His ability in argument, and his desire 
 to save himself from the acknowledgment of error,
 
 EDWARD BURROUGH. 7 
 
 were, however, of no avail ; for through the power 
 of the Holy Spirit accompanying the word preached, 
 which gave an awakening force to the language of 
 truth in the mouth of George Pox, this strong- 
 minded young man was brought to confess to the 
 soundness of the doctrine which he then heard, and 
 its consistency with the testimony of the Holy 
 Scriptures. But what was more important to him 
 than all this, his heart was touched and softened, 
 whilst his mind became enlightened, and he was 
 brought to a sense of his wretched and sinful con- 
 dition. He tells us, that the Lord was pleased to 
 show him that he was in the prodigal state, above 
 the cross of Christ, out of the pure fear of the 
 Lord, and full of corruption and of the old nature. 
 He felt himself to be a child of wrath, and " no 
 more worthy to be called a son." " A day of 
 weeping, mourning, and misery," says he, " and a 
 day of vengeance and recompence came upon me, 
 such as I had never known. One vial of wrath 
 after another [was poured out], and then I sepa- 
 rated from all the glory of the world, and from all 
 my acquaintance and kindred, and betook myself to 
 the company of a poor, despised and condemned 
 people, called Quakers. Now am I one of that 
 generation which is ever hated of the world ; and 
 have chosen rather to suffer affliction with them, 
 than to enjoy the pleasures of sin with the great 
 multitude, though worldly pleasures were not want- 
 ing to me. I do bear witness against all formality 
 in religion, and false hirelings, and chief priests,
 
 8 MEMOIR OF 
 
 who walk in the steps of the Scribes and Pharisees, 
 and of the false prophets of Israel, that were never 
 sent of Grod to declare his word. I am despised of 
 my neighbours and carnal acquaintance, and am 
 not greater than my Lord, who was called a blas- 
 phemer and a deceiver, as now I am. But praised, 
 praised be the Lord for evermore, who hath sepa- 
 rated me from the world and worldly glories, and 
 hath made me a partaker of his love, in whom my 
 soul hath full satisfaction, joy and content." 
 
 Whilst he was thus made to endure the baptism 
 of the Holy Spirit to prepare him for the Lord's 
 service, he had also a large share of outward trouble 
 and conflict. His parents having been educated in 
 the belief that religion very much consisted in the 
 observance of the Church ritual, were not prepared 
 to tolerate in their son a profession which struck 
 at all mere external rites and ceremonies, as being 
 contrary to the spirituality of the Christian reli- 
 gion. They no doubt regarded the Quakers as 
 heretics, in denying the saving efficacy of those 
 rites which many deemed to be part of Christianity 
 itself, and obligatory on all. Other dissenters, 
 however they might differ on certain points of doc- 
 trine or discipline, clung to what were termed the 
 ordinances. They considered the administration of 
 outward water as the Christian baptism, and the 
 partaking of bread and wine, after it was supposed 
 to have been consecrated by the priest, as the Lord's 
 supper. The Quakers, therefore, were condemned 
 by all other professors of the Christian name ; and
 
 EDWABD BUEEOUGH. 9 
 
 Edward Burrough's parents were so incensed 
 against him for joining with such a people, that 
 they refused to permit him to remain in their 
 family. When they had rejected him as a son, he 
 offered to remain and work for them in the capacity 
 of a servant, but in this he was also denied. Having 
 now literally given up father and mother for the 
 Lord's sake and the Gospel's, he endeavoured to 
 walk in faithful obedience to Him who had called 
 him, and whom he found to be a rich " rewarder of 
 them that diligently seek Him." He that declared, 
 " whosoever shall do the will of God, the same is 
 my brother, and sister, and mother," was with him 
 in this separation from his kindred, sustaining him 
 under the sacrifice he had made of family endear- 
 ments. 
 
 Having thus given up all for Christ's sake, and 
 passed through various exercises and baptisms to 
 prepare him for the service and station which he 
 was designed to fill in the church, he received a 
 Divine call to the solemn work of the ministry 
 of the Gospel ; and engaged therein about two 
 months after his convincement. In a preface 
 which he subsequently wrote to one of George 
 Pox's works, he thus speaks of this period, viz. : 
 
 "It is now about seven years since the Lord 
 raised us up in the north of England, and opened 
 our mouths [to preach the Gospel] in His Spirit. 
 What we were before, in our religious profession 
 and practice, is well known to that part of the 
 country ; how generally we were men of the
 
 10 MEMOIB OF 
 
 strictest sect, and of the greatest zeal in the per- 
 formance of outward righteousness. "We went 
 through and tried all sorts of teachers, and ran 
 from mountain to mountain, and from man to man, 
 and from one form to another, as many do at this 
 day, and remain not gathered to the Lord. Such 
 we were that sought the Lord, and desired the 
 knowledge of His ways more than anything beside. 
 For one I may speak, who from a child, even a few 
 years old, set his face to seek and find the Saviour, 
 and more than life, treasure, or any crown, sought 
 after with all his heart the one thing that is needful, 
 to wit, the knowledge of God. 
 
 " After our long seeking, the Lord appeared to 
 us, and revealed his glory in us, and gave us of his 
 Spirit, and of his wisdom to guide us, whereby we 
 saw all the world, the true state of things, and the 
 true condition of the church. First, the Lord 
 brought us to see that God had given every one of 
 us a light from himself, shining in our hearts and 
 consciences, with which light, Christ, the Saviour 
 of the world, had lighted every man. This light we 
 found sufficient to reprove and convince us of every 
 evil deed, word, and thought. By it we came to 
 know good from evil, and whatsoever is of God 
 from what is of the devil. This light gave us to 
 discern between truth and error, and between 
 every false and right way. We thereby came to 
 know what man was before transgression ; how he 
 was deceived and overcome by the devil ; how he is 
 driven from the presence of the Lord, and the
 
 EDWABD BTTBBOUGH. 11 
 
 sorrow and anguish which he is to undergo. By 
 this light we came to know the way and means of 
 restoration, and the state of man come out of the 
 transgression and restored. These things were 
 revealed in us hy the light which Christ had given 
 us, and enlightened us with. 
 
 " "We found this light to be a sufficient teacher 
 to lead us to Christ, from whom it came ; and it 
 gave us to receive Christ, and to witness him to 
 dwell in us. Through it we came to enter into the 
 new covenant, to be made heirs of life and salvation. 
 In all things we found the Light, which is Christ, 
 which we and all mankind were enlightened with, 
 to be sufficient to bring to life and eternal salvation ; 
 and that all who owned this light in them, needed 
 no man to teach them, but the Lord was their 
 teacher, by his light in their consciences, and they 
 received the holy anointing. So we ceased from 
 all the teachings of men, their worships, temples, 
 and baptisms, and from our own words, professions, 
 and practices of religion, in times before zealously 
 performed by us, and became fools for Christ's sake, 
 that we might become truly wise. 
 
 " By this light of Christ in us we were led out 
 of all false ways, false preachings and false ministry, 
 and met together often, and waited upon the Lord 
 in pure silence. We hearkened to the voice of the 
 Lord, and felt his word in our hearts to burn up 
 and to beat down all that was contrary to Grod; and 
 we obeyed the light of Christ, and followed the 
 motions of the Lord's pure Spirit took up the
 
 12 MEMO1B, OF 
 
 cross to all earthly glories, crowns, and ways, and 
 denied ourselves, our relations, and all that stood 
 in the way between us and the Lord. We chose to 
 suffer with and for the name of Christ, rather than 
 enjoy all the pleasures upon earth, or all our former 
 professions and practices in religion, without the 
 power and Spirit of God. 
 
 <: Whilst waiting upon the Lord in silence, as we 
 often did for many hours together, with our hearts 
 towards him, being stayed in the light of Christ 
 from all fleshly motions and desires, we often 
 received the pouring down of his Spirit upon us, 
 and our hearts were made glad, and our tongues 
 loosened, and our mouths opened, and we spake 
 with new tongues, as the Lord gave us utterance, 
 and his Spirit led us, which was poured upon sons 
 and daughters. Thereby things unutterable were 
 made manifest, and the glory of the Father was 
 revealed. Then we began to sing praises to the 
 Lord God Almighty, and to the Lamb, who had 
 redeemed us to God, and brought us out of the 
 bondage of the world, and put an end to sin and 
 death. 
 
 " All this was by and through the light of Christ 
 within us ; and much more might be declared 
 hereof, which could not be believed, of the mani- 
 festation of the everlasting Spirit that was given us. 
 But this is the sum life and immortality were 
 brought to light, power from on high and wisdom 
 were made manifest, and the day everlasting appeared 
 unto us. The joyful Sun of Righteousness arose
 
 EDWABD BTinBOUGH. 13 
 
 and shone forth unto us and in us, and the holy 
 anointing, the everlasting Comforter we received. 
 The heir of the promise was brought forth to reign 
 over the earth, and over hell and death, whereby 
 we entered into everlasting union, and fellowship, 
 and covenant with the Lord God, whose mercies 
 are sure and whose promise never fails. "We were 
 raised from death to life, and are changed from 
 Satan's power to God, and gathered from all the 
 dumb shepherds, and off all the barren mountains, 
 into the fold of eternal peace and rest ; and mighty 
 and wonderful things hath the Lord wrought for 
 us, and by us, by his own outstretched arm. 
 
 " Being prepared of the Lord, and having received 
 power from on high, we went forth as commanded 
 of the Lord, leaving all relations, and all things of 
 the world behind us, that we might fulfil the work 
 of the Lord, unto which he called us. With flesh 
 and blood, or any creature, we consulted not, nor 
 took counsel of men, but of the Lord alone, who 
 lifted up our heads above the world, and all fears 
 and doubtings, and was with us in power and 
 dominion over all that opposed us, which was great 
 and mighty. We sounded the word of the Lord, 
 and did not spare ; and caused the deaf to hear, the 
 blind to see, and the heart that was hardened to be 
 awakened ; and the dread of the Lord went before 
 us and behind us, and took hold of our enemies. 
 
 " We first journeyed out of Westmoreland, 
 through Cumberland, Northumberland, and into 
 some parts of Scotland and Durham, Yorkshire,
 
 14 MEMOIR OF 
 
 Lancashire, Cheshire, &c., and in all these counties 
 we had much opposition, sufferings and cruel deal- 
 ings from men of all sorts. Every gaol may witness, 
 how seldom any of them were without some of us 
 imprisoned these six years ; and scarcely one steeple- 
 house or market but may witness what beatings, 
 bruises, halings, and perils we have sustained. Let 
 the witness of God in all men's consciences give 
 testimony what cruelty we suffered, and also our 
 patience and innocency under all that they have 
 done to us." 
 
 Others beside Edward Burro ugh had been con- 
 vinced of the truth in the northern counties of 
 England, through the ministry of George Fox ; and 
 these frequently met together to worship the Lord. 
 Being redeemed from all dependance on man, and 
 convinced that the solemn act of Divine worship 
 must be performed immediately between the soul 
 and its Almighty Creator, through the help of the 
 Spirit of Christ Jesus, the one great Mediator, 
 through whom alone we have access unto the Father, 
 they were often engaged to sit down together in 
 silence and wait on Him. Thus reverently seeking 
 after the Divine presence and power to be mani- 
 fested among them for the renewal of their spiritual 
 strength, the Lord was pleased at seasons mar- 
 vellously to break in upon them and crown their 
 assemblies with his living, heart-tendering virtue, 
 even when no words were spoken. 
 
 Francis Howgill tells us, that in joy of heart at 
 this favour, they often said to one another, " What !
 
 EDWAED BUBEOTJGH. 15 
 
 is the kingdom of God come to be with men ? Will 
 he take up his abode among the sons of men, as he 
 did of old ? And shall we, that were reckoned as 
 the outcasts of Israel, have the honour commu- 
 nicated amongst us, who were but men of small 
 parts, and of little ability in respect of many others 
 as amongst men ? " 
 
 Many were the afflictions which these honest- 
 hearted people were called to partake of; but having 
 turned their backs upon the world, with all its 
 friendships, honours, ways, religions, and worships, 
 they nobly persevered amid all their sufferings, 
 taking up the cross and following Christ Jesus, the 
 Lamb of God, whithersoever He led them. In this 
 patient waiting state, seeking to know and to do 
 the will of God, they grew in religious under- 
 standing, and divine knowledge of the things per- 
 taining to the kingdom of heaven, and many of 
 them were deeply instructed in the mysteries of 
 salvation. Abiding under the teachings of the 
 Spirit of Christ, they knew Him to sanctify and 
 prepare them for the ministry of the Gospel, and 
 in His time felt themselves called of Him, to de- 
 clare unto others that which they had seen and felt, 
 and tasted and handled of the good word of life. 
 Thus they were made living and able ministers of 
 the New Testament, not of the letter, but of the 
 Spirit, and in its power and authority were sent 
 forth to gather souls unto Christ. 
 
 We have already seen that Edward Burrough 
 had been driven from his father's house, in con-
 
 16 MEMOIR OF 
 
 sequence of his religious profession ; and having 
 thus early begun to taste of that cup of persecution, 
 which in those intolerant times was poured out in 
 such large measure for the people called Quakers, 
 he shrunk not from the bitter draught, but with 
 Christian meekness and patience continued to bear 
 the allotted portion of suffering, until at length he 
 sealed his testimony with his life. 
 
 At an early period the storm of persecution broke 
 forth in the north, and Edward Burrough in com- 
 mon with his brethren felt its effects, but this did 
 not deter him from endeavouring faithfully to occupy 
 the gift committed to his trust. He soon began to 
 travel through his native county, and also went into 
 Cumberland, Northumberland, and some parts of 
 Scotland, holding meetings and preaching to the 
 people, many of whom were awakened by his mi- 
 nistry, and brought to join in religious fellowship 
 with the Society of Friends. 
 
 In the sixth month, 1652, Miles Halhead was 
 committed to prison in Kendal, near Edward Bur- 
 rough's native place, for reproving a priest. He 
 informs us that the first night he lay in prison the 
 word of the Lord came to him, saying, " Eear not, 
 for I will be with thee according to my promise, 
 and will make thee a burdensome stone unto the 
 town of Kendal, and to thy persecutors. And I 
 will send my servants, my sons and my daughters, 
 from the east and from the west, from the north 
 and from the south, to bear witness to the same 
 truth that thou suffers for ; yea, against the justice
 
 EDWARD BUEEOUGH. 17 
 
 that committed thee. Therefore be thou faithful, 
 for I have chosen thee to be the first that shall 
 suffer for my name's sake in the town of Kendal." 
 This promise, Miles informs us, was made good. 
 He was confined three months, during which period 
 the same justice committed Francis Howgill, Thomas 
 Holme, and thirty others, "brethren and sisters," 
 for bearing testimony to the truth. At the expi- 
 ration of the three months, the justice set him at 
 liberty. Soon after, for riding through this town 
 of Kendal, and exhorting the inhabitants to repent- 
 ance, he was committed to prison by the mayor. 
 He tells us that this officer " had little peace from 
 the Lord in what he had done, till he had released 
 me. Then I returned to my house again, and had 
 great peace with the Lord." About the ninth 
 month of this same year, Miles went to the house 
 of Justice Fell, at Swarthmore ; he says, " I found 
 the Lord's people gathered together to wait upon 
 His name. The Lord was very good to that family, 
 in feeding them with the dew of heaven, and with 
 the sweet incomes of His love, according to His 
 promise. Glory and honour, and living eternal 
 praises be given to the Lord God for evermore." 
 
 An anecdote will illustrate the unreasonable en- 
 mity against Friends, which at that time prevailed 
 in the north of England. As Miles was going 
 towards Swarthmore, a woman whom he passed 
 without uncovering his head to her, ordered her 
 servant to follow and beat him. This unreasonable 
 abuse Miles patiently submitted to. Towards the 
 c
 
 18 MEMOIR OP 
 
 close of the year, feeling a concern to visit the 
 woman, he went to her house. She came to the 
 door, and knowing him, and being desirous to avoid 
 hearing what he had to say, feigned herself to be 
 some one else. Miles, though unacquainted with 
 her person, from a secret impression upon his mind 
 was convinced that she was the one whom he had 
 come to see. After reproving her falsehood on the 
 present occasion, he delivered a solemn warning to 
 her, ending with this exhortation, " Fear the Lord 
 God of heaven and earth, that thou mayest end thy 
 days in peace." Three years afterwards, the ser- 
 vant, who at the command of his mistress had beaten 
 Miles, came to him, and requested forgiveness, de- 
 siring he would pray to the Lord for him, that he 
 might obtain peace of mind. To these requests he 
 made this Christian answer : " Truly, friend, from 
 that time to this day, I never had anything in my 
 heart against thee or thy mistress, but love. The 
 Lord forgive you both. I desire it may never be 
 laid to your charge, for ye knew not what ye did." 
 Miles adds to his account of the occurrence, " So I 
 parted with him ; my heart being exceedingly broken 
 with the true love of God, who had pleaded my 
 cause in the hearts of my persecutors." 
 
 In the latter part of the year 1652, or in the 
 beginning of 1653, Edward Burrough accompanied 
 his fellow-labourer in the Gospel, John Audlaud, 
 in one of his earliest, if not in his very first journey 
 on a religious account. 
 
 Of the success of their Gospel labours John Aud-
 
 EDWA.BD BUBBOTTGH. 19 
 
 land thus writes : " Praises and honour to our Grod 
 for ever, who is worthy, for all is falling before 
 Him. My dear friends, the harvest here is great ; 
 even all the fields are white, and all the dumb dogs 
 and idle shepherds, drones and loiterers run, quake, 
 tremble, and fly before us. The sword of the Lord 
 is in the hands of the saints, and this sword divides, 
 hews, and cuts down, and so way is made for the 
 pure seed to arise and reign above all, which con- 
 quers all. Praises be to the Lord for evermore." 
 " Dear friends, the work of the Lord is great, and 
 many are convinced of the living truth, and I really 
 see the Lord will raise up to himself a pure and 
 large people, to serve and worship Him in spirit 
 and in truth. My dear brother and fellow-rlabourer, 
 Edward Burrough, salutes you in the Lord." 
 
 Edward Burrough at this time could scarcely 
 have been older than in his nineteenth year, yet he 
 was accounted an able minister of the Gospel, being 
 zealous in his Master's cause, and wise in spiritual 
 things, understanding the way of life and salvation ; 
 and was withal earnest in his manner, and fluent in 
 the delivery of those important doctrines which he 
 was commissioned to preach. 
 
 How long he continued travelling with John 
 Audland we have no means for ascertaining. He 
 appears, however, to have been much engaged at 
 this early period in labouring in his own county, 
 and elsewhere, in the markets, the streets, in places 
 of public worship, and wherever his Master sent 
 him with the message of life and authority to pro- 
 o2
 
 20 MEMOIB OF 
 
 claim it. He had a remarkable gift in discerning 
 the states and conditions of those amongst whom 
 he was sent ; and the exercise of the wisdom be- 
 stowed on him, no less than his zeal, was often 
 called for. 
 
 About the close of the year 1653, or in the be- 
 ginning of 1654, Edward Burrough was imprisoned 
 for writing a letter of Christian reproof to one who 
 was living in gross wickedness. During this con- 
 finement he prepared for publication a manuscript, 
 bearing the title of " A Warning from the Lord to 
 the inhabitants of Underbarrow, and so to all the 
 inhabitants of England." In this he first addresses 
 the people of Underbarrow, opening to them the 
 spiritual nature of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. He 
 tells them, that he had, at four different times, en- 
 tered their place of public worship, under a sense 
 of religious duty, in order to declare the truth 
 among them, but that as he could not have liberty 
 to speak there, he now cleared his conscience by 
 writing to them. He appeals to the Searcher of 
 Hearts to witness that it was not in his own will, 
 but in the cross to it, that he had gone to their 
 meetings. His object was to show them that they 
 were in bondage to a ceremonial, formal worship, 
 and to a dependance upon a man-made and deceitful 
 ministry, which tended to keep their souls in death. 
 That his concern was to direct them to wait, in 
 spirit and in truth, on the Lord, in order to attain 
 the true knowledge of Him, and of that one thing 
 needful, the eternal welfare of their souls. He
 
 EDWARD BURROTJGH. 21 
 
 desires that they may be led out of the will- worships 
 of the world, to worship God in spirit and in truth. 
 He had had several arguments with their minister, 
 who had denied the doctrine that Christ, by His 
 light or Spirit in the soul, enlightens every man 
 that comes into the world. This, he continues, is 
 to make Christ a liar, and proves the assertor of it 
 to be ignorant of the first principles of religion, not 
 knowing the light of the Holy Spirit which leads to 
 God. This light, which the servants of God in all 
 generations were witnesses of, Edward Burrough 
 declares he and his fellow-professors experienced to 
 shine in their hearts, showing them the deceit of all 
 such ministers as the priest of Underbarrow. 
 
 He then declares that he and his brethren own 
 the one saving baptism, that of the Holy Ghost and 
 fire ; and witness a being baptised by the One 
 Spirit into the One body, of which Christ Jesus is 
 Head, though they do not use water-baptism. That 
 they reject the administration of bread and wine as 
 a Christian rite, whilst acknowledging the com- 
 munion of saints, the partaking of the body and 
 blood of Christ, by which they were nourished up 
 to eternal life. Singing in the Spirit, and making 
 melody in the heart to the Lord, the singing of that 
 song which none but the redeemed ones can learn, 
 they acknowledge, believing it to be well-pleasing to 
 God ; but the singing in the will of man, without 
 the Spirit, as generally practised in their places of 
 worship, they reject "as carnal and traditional." 
 " True preaching of Jesus Christ crucified we own,
 
 22 MEMOIB OF 
 
 and do witness ; for this preaching is not of the will 
 of man, or form and custom, [but it] is foolishness 
 to the wisdom of the world now, as it ever was. 
 This is not with the enticing words of man's wisdom, 
 but in the demonstration of the Spirit and of power. 
 The preaching of the word of faith, which is nigh 
 thee, in thy mouth and in thy heart, we do own ; 
 for faith comes by hearing of this word preached. 
 Prayer with the Spirit of Truth we do own, for that 
 is not in word [merely] to be seen of men ; not by 
 custom, form, and tradition, but by the Spirit, which 
 hath free access to God, and which He heareth, 
 and doth accept." 
 
 After bearing testimony against the too general 
 depravity of the professors of religion, and warning 
 them to repentance, he adds : " Xow is the day of 
 your visitation, wherein the Saviour of the world 
 stands at the door and knocketh. If any open unto 
 him he will come in : therefore prize your time, and 
 hear the word of the Lord, and lay aside the works 
 of darkness, lying, swearing, mocking and scorn- 
 ing, and beating your fellow-servants." " Repent 
 and turn to the Lord with mourning and lamen- 
 tation, and cease from all your former ways and 
 doings. Cease from covetousness and oppression, 
 ye aged people ; cease from lightness, vanity and 
 pride, ye young people ; and from all priests and 
 steeple-houses, for there your lightness, pride, and 
 vain minds are fed and nourished, and the enemies 
 of the Lord are strengthened. Dear people, there 
 I once had fellowship with you in your pride, light-
 
 EDWARD BTJRROUGH. 23 
 
 ness and vanity ; and there was once my joy and 
 delight. But now I am chosen by the Lord out of 
 all these things, praises be to Him for ever, to 
 serve the Lord in. declaring against all these abomi- 
 nations. 
 
 " All ye people, mind the Light ; for the Light 
 hath enlightened every one of you, which is the 
 Saviour and Eedeemer of him that loveth it, and 
 bringeth his deeds to it; but it is the condem- 
 nation of him that hateth it, and walks not in it. 
 Therefore all people, mind this Light which is of 
 God; this will lead you up to God. This is the 
 way to the Father, and no man cometh to the 
 Father but by me, said He who was and is the 
 Light. If you love this Light, and walk in this 
 Light, it will bring you to be witnesses of the 
 Scriptures, and of the saints' condition, which you 
 are but talkers of. This is the Light from which 
 they spoke, who spoke the truth of God ; and from 
 this Light did Isaiah, who lived in the obedience of 
 it, cry against the greedy dumb dogs, that sought 
 their gain from their quarter. So did Jeremiah, 
 Ezekiel; Micah, and Malachi cry against hirelings, 
 and against them that said, ' The Lord saith it,' 
 and he never spoke to them ; and against them 
 that preached for hire and divined for money, and 
 taught for the fleece ; and yet leaned upon the 
 Lord, saying, ' Is not the Lord among us ?' 
 
 " Love the Light and obey it. It will separate 
 you from all filthiness and corruption, and lead you 
 into purity and holiness, without which, none shall
 
 24 MEMOIB OF 
 
 see God. There is your teacher, always present 
 with you, which teaches to deny ungodliness, and 
 the wicked ways of the world." 
 
 At the close of this address, Edward Burrough 
 felt his heart drawn to salute his brethren, com- 
 monly called Quakers, who had been brought, 
 through the obedience of faith, into religious fellow- 
 ship with one another in the Lord. " By faith," 
 says he, " with Abraham, are ye come out of your 
 native country, from your kindred, and out of your 
 father's house : with Moses have ye forsaken the 
 glory of Pharaoh's house, and chosen rather to 
 suffer affliction among the poor despised people, 
 than to enjoy the pleasures of sin. Great shall be 
 your reward, ye contemned ones : glory, honour, 
 and everlasting happiness is prepared for you, if 
 you stand faithful to the end. The Lord is with 
 you as a mighty terrible one ; and therefore shall 
 all your persecutors be ashamed and confounded. 
 
 " "Walk in the fear of the living God, and despise 
 not the cross of Christ, but let the cross be your 
 rejoicing, for through the cross is the power of the 
 Lord made manifest. Rejoice, and be exceeding 
 glad, that you are counted worthy to suffer shame 
 and reproach, and some of you imprisonment for 
 the truth's sake. Thus it ever was ; he that is 
 born of the flesh, persecutes him that is born of the 
 Spirit. Be glad and rejoice in the Lord, for you 
 hath he chosen to shine as lights in the world, and 
 to be a burdensome stone to the nations. Tour 
 fame has gone abroad, and because of the man-
 
 EDWARD BUBROUGH. 25 
 
 child that is born are the nations troubled, and the 
 chief priests and rulers combined together. But 
 that the Lord may be glorified, for your sakes will 
 he scatter the proud in their imaginations, and will 
 break in pieces the snares which the chief priests 
 have laid for your feet, and they shall be taken in 
 their own craftiness, and fall in the pit which they 
 have digged for you. The Lord, who hath called 
 you, will set you upon a rock, and will preserve you 
 out of the mouths of the wolves, who devour souls 
 for dishonest gain." 
 
 The encouragement held out to his faithful 
 fellow-believers, that they should experience pre- 
 servation, even amid the cruel persecution of their 
 enemies, was fully realised. 
 
 All the machinations of their opponents, aided 
 by the strong arm of the Government, and the 
 relentless power of persecuting priests and magis- 
 trates, failed to crush the Society of Friends. The 
 doctrines they promulgated were responded to by 
 the witness for truth in the hearts of multitudes, 
 who, weary of a lifeless profession of religion, cor- 
 dially embraced what they found to be no cunningly- 
 devised fable, but the living substance. Almost 
 every day some were added to their number, by the 
 power of heartfelt conviction, and in a few years 
 they grew to be a considerable people. 
 
 Their patient consistency and steadfastness in 
 the performance of their religious duties, undaunted 
 by personal abuse and cruel imprisonment, finally 
 wore out persecution ; while the meekness and
 
 26 MEMOIE OP 
 
 blamelessness of their lives and conversation won 
 for them the esteem of the moderate, and even 
 extorted commendation from their enemies. 
 
 The scriptural soundness and excellence of their 
 Christian testimonies, though at first derided, mis- 
 understood, and misrepresented, at length attracted 
 the serious attention of many in different religious 
 denominations, and exercised a salutary influence 
 in opposition to the deadening effects of empty 
 forms and stated rituals. Many of the spiritual 
 views which, for many years, the Society maintained 
 single-handed, have since been taken up and advo- 
 cated by those who have not been gathered into 
 the same outward fold, and have had no incon- 
 siderable influence in modifying the opinions of 
 other Christian professors. 
 
 CHAPTEE II. 
 
 PBIOB to the year 1654, the religious labours of 
 George Pox, and of such of his fellow-believers as 
 had received gifts in the ministry of the Gospel, and 
 who had been sent forth by the Lord to proclaim 
 the spirituality of the religion of Jesus Christ, had 
 been very much confined to the northern parts of 
 England. George himself had travelled as far 
 south as Leicestershire ; and his earliest female co- 
 labourer in the ministry, Elizabeth Hooten, had
 
 EDWABD BUEROUGH. 27 
 
 preached the Gospel and suffered imprisonment 
 therefor in Derbyshire. Towards the close of the 
 year 1653, Elizabeth Williams and Mary Fisher, 
 both from the north, entered Cambridge; and 
 having faithfully reproved some of the vain and 
 rude students there, who sought to entrap them in 
 argument, were taken up on a charge of preaching, 
 and publicly whipped, by order of the mayor of that 
 city, as " vagabonds." 
 
 The sight of the blood drawn from the bodies of 
 these innocent women by the lash of the execu- 
 tioner ; their patient endurance of the ignominious 
 and unjust punishment thus inflicted on them; 
 their prayers for their persecutors, together with 
 their meek rejoicing, because they were counted 
 worthy to suffer for the name and testimony of the 
 Lord Jesus, had no doubt prepared the minds of 
 some of the spectators to examine, with serious 
 attention, the principles of that religion for which 
 they so patiently suffered, and which yielded such 
 support and consolation, under the cruel treatment 
 they received. Thus the brief tarriance of these 
 two Friends at Cambridge opened the way for the 
 spread of the truth. In most of the southern 
 counties of England, the Society was little known 
 at this period, except through the vague, contra- 
 dictory, and often false reports, which had been 
 put into circulation respecting them. 
 
 In the spring of 1654, several ministers left their 
 former field of labour in the north of England, and 
 travelled into the southern counties, publishing the
 
 28 MEMOIR OF 
 
 message of life and salvation, to those who were 
 seeking deliverance from sin, and longing for a 
 more pure and spiritual religion than that held 
 forth by the hireling ministers and formal pro- 
 fessors around them. Among these ministers was 
 Edward Burrough ; and as the city of London was 
 the field in which he laboured long and abundantly, 
 is may not be amiss to give some account of the 
 rise and progress of the principles of Quakerism in 
 that great metropolis. 
 
 It appears that the first person professing the 
 doctrines of Friends who visited it was Grervase 
 Benson. He was there in the autumn of 1653 ; 
 and a letter, written by him from that place to 
 George Fox and James Naylor, is preserved, bear- 
 ing date, ninth month, 29th, of that year. He tells 
 them that he was brought there by the love of God, 
 and was kept there waiting on the Lord, to do 
 whatever He might require of him ; though he 
 found little among the people with which he could 
 have fellowship, except a growing testimony in 
 some against the "carnal actings of magistrates 
 and ministers, so called." At that time many 
 public meetings were held, for the purpose of dis- 
 cussing religious subjects. The different fabrics of 
 religious organisations were shaken to their foun- 
 dations ; the minds of the people were in a state of 
 great unsettlement ; and many were labouring, in 
 their own wills and wisdom, to construct something 
 better than the old hierarchal structure, with its 
 rites, ceremonies, and expensive priesthood. To
 
 EDWABD BUEEOTJGH. 29 
 
 one of these meetings Gervase Benson went, where 
 there were several ministers, and members of 
 Parliament. He found them spending their time 
 in debating questions, and contending about things 
 which they had not Avitnessed in themselves. 
 Becoming dissatisfied, he left them, first telling 
 them-, however, that their meetings were for the 
 worse, and not for the better. 
 
 A spirit of inquiry concerning Friends had 
 been awakened in many individuals in London, 
 about this time, who had heard of their rise, and 
 of the spread of their principles in the north of 
 England. With such, Gervase Benson had some 
 service. 
 
 It is probable that some person in London had 
 acted for Friends, in superintending the printing of 
 their works, before Gervase Benson's visit to that 
 city ; for of the books mentioned in Whiting's 
 Catalogue, seven were printed in the year 1652, 
 and twenty -five in 1653. Most of these, if not all, 
 bear this imprint, " London ; printed for Giles Cal- 
 vert, and sold at his shop at the Black Spread Eagle, 
 at the west end of Paul's." 
 
 Towards the close of 1653, Isabel Buttery, with 
 a female companion, both of them Friends from the 
 north of England, came to London on a religious 
 visit, where they found a few individuals, who 
 were willing to receive them and their testimony. 
 Robert Dring opened his dwelling in Watling- 
 street, and Simon Dring his house in Moorfields, 
 for them to hold meetings. In these meetings,
 
 30 MEMOIB OF 
 
 Isabel sometimes spake a few words ; and thus a 
 knowledge of Friends and of their principles began 
 to find its way into the great city, although this 
 knowledge was confined, for a time, to very few. 
 
 John Camm, who had been travelling through the 
 northern counties during the latter part of the year 
 1653, turned his face southward near its close, 
 accompanied by Francis Howgill ; and they entered 
 London in the first month, 1654. A few days be- 
 fore the end of that month, they sought for and 
 obtained an interview with Oliver Cromwell, then 
 recently installed " Lord Protector of the Com- 
 monwealth of England." They had no personal 
 advantage or favour to seek from him, but desired 
 rather to admonish him for his own good, and that 
 he might promote the good of all. They exhorted 
 him to look to his own condition, if happily he 
 might be favoured to see his standing, in the 
 sight of the Lord God of heaven and earth ; that 
 pure and holy Being, who is clothed with power to 
 punish sin, and who will not acquit the wicked. 
 They bade him take heed to the light of Christ Jesus 
 in his conscience, which would guide him in the 
 great affairs of the nation, as he abode in the fear 
 of the Lord. Then, remembering their brethren, 
 who were suffering in various parts of the country 
 for faithfulness to their religious principles, they 
 exhorted the Protector to use his influence to 
 take off from the necks of the Lord's people the 
 yoke of oppression. They assured him, that if his 
 power were exerted to maintain true liberty of
 
 EDWAED BUEEOUGH. 31 
 
 conscience, the Lord would honour him, by making 
 him an instrument of good in England. 
 
 Cromwell affected to believe that they desired 
 some form of religion to be established by law ; but 
 they assured him that they had no such desire, 
 adding, " We witness [that] the coming of Christ 
 in his kingdom is not by might, nor power, nor 
 pomp, nor glory from without ; nor by any law 
 which is in the will of man. Our desires are that 
 there should be no law upon [the subject of] religion, 
 for it needs no law to protect it. Pure religion and 
 undefiled is this : to loose the bands of wickedness, 
 to set the oppressed free, and to take off every 
 yoke." We are none of those who despise govern- 
 ment, and defile the flesh ; who pull down others 
 to exalt themselves. All unfruitful works of dark- 
 ness we deny, and seek to advance the government 
 of Jesus Christ alone. We honour all men in the 
 Lord, and have fellowship with those whose con- 
 versation is as becomes the Grospel of Christ." 
 
 Cromwell, then in the fresh enjoyment of that 
 high station which he had long so ardently desired, 
 and which gave him the power his ambition coveted, 
 was not disposed to exercise that power in a way 
 that would give offence to those who had raised 
 him to a kingly height, and to more than kingly 
 authority. 
 
 The rights of liberty of conscience were then 
 but imperfectly understood, and as little regarded. 
 Blinded by prejudice and sectarian attachments, 
 many were opposed to all liberty of conscience,
 
 32 MEMOIR OF 
 
 except that which tolerated their particular notions, 
 and considered it only the exercise of a Christian 
 virtue to punish men for differing from them, either 
 in doctrine or practice. Cromwell and some of his 
 adherents seem to have had a glimpse of more libe- 
 ral and Christian sentiments, and even to have 
 desired a larger measure of toleration ; but there 
 were others, whose good opinion they desired, and 
 perhaps needed, who entertained widely different 
 views, and strenuously opposed every indulgence to 
 dissenting consciences, however sincere and tender. 
 
 It is not surprising, therefore, that Cromwell 
 treated the application of John Camm and Francis 
 Howgill, on behalf of their friends, with much cool- 
 ness, questioning the authority under which they 
 came to speak with and advise him. Finding 
 difficulties in the way of a second interview, on the 
 30th of the first month these advocates for liberty 
 of conscience each addressed a letter to him, setting 
 forth their concern for him, and for the cause of 
 truth and universal righteousness. 
 
 We have but little information respecting the 
 ministerial labours of these two Friends in London, 
 whilst there on this visit. George Fox tells us, 
 that they went to some meetings, " declaring the 
 day of the Lord, and word of life, and where it 
 might be found." They, however, very soon returned 
 to the north; but Isabel Buttery and her companion 
 still continued in London, and a few persons who 
 attended their meetings were convinced of the truth 
 under their ministry. From a letter, dated London, 
 
 I
 
 EDWARD BUBBOUGH. 33 
 
 fourth month, 27th, 1654, written by an apprentice, 
 Alexander Delamain, it appears that those who were 
 newly convinced there, of whom the writer was one, 
 were anxiously looking for and expecting Friends 
 from the north, who might confirm their faith, and 
 strengthen their hands in upholding the testimonies 
 of Truth. He mentions that Isabel Buttery had 
 gone to "Westminster the preceding first-day, " to 
 some to whom her heart was drawn forth ; " and 
 that, on her way back, she was arrested by order of 
 the mayor, together with Robert Dring's maid, who 
 accompanied her ; and that they were committed 
 to Bridewell. The charge against them, was for 
 letting people have Friends' books. Such was the 
 situation of things in London, at the close of the 
 fourth month. Some of the inhabitants had obtained 
 a little knowledge of Friends from their writings ; 
 the ministers and magistrates had taken one step 
 against the spread of their principles ; and there were 
 as yet, but few persons so convinced of them as to 
 make a public profession. For the most part, the 
 inhabitants of that great city knew or cared but little 
 about them, or the great principles of life and salva- 
 tion which they were called to proclaim to the world. 
 The recently convinced, and the seekers after 
 Truth, did not look in vain for the visits of Friends 
 from the north. The Lord soon sent forth his ser- 
 vants into the south of England, to labour in the 
 ministry of the Grospel of his dear Son. About 
 sixty left their homes, during the fourth and fifth 
 months in this year, and passed onward, as they 
 
 D
 
 34 MEMOIR OF 
 
 were led from day to day, proclaiming the day of 
 the Lord, and demonstrating, with power, the 
 spiritual nature of the Christian dispensation. 
 Their general course was south, through the 
 eastern, western, and middle portions of the island. 
 About the beginning of the fifth month, several of 
 them drew near to London. 
 
 We learn from Thomas Camm's account of his 
 father, that Edward Burrough and John Camrn 
 were fellow-travellers from the north ; and that as 
 they journeyed southward, down through the mid- 
 dle of the kingdom, they met with John Audland, to 
 whom John Camm joining himself, turned westward 
 towards Bristol, whilst Edward Burrough proceeded 
 to London, where he arrived in the fifth month. 
 Francis Howgill and Anthony Pearson must have 
 entered the city about the same time. On the 
 next first-day of the week, which was probably the 
 8th of the mouth, Francis Howgill and Anthony 
 Pearson attended the meeting of the newly-con- 
 vinced people, which was held at the house of 
 Robert Dring. Edward Burrough the same day 
 was at a meeting of those called Separates, which 
 name was given them because they had withdrawn 
 themselves from other religious societies. They do 
 not seem to have settled upon any common ground 
 of religious belief; and allowed great liberty in 
 their assemblies to strangers and others, both in 
 preaching and exhortation. 
 
 Richard Hubberthorn soon joined the little band 
 of labourers in London, who in that great city
 
 EDWABD BTTBBOTJGH. 35 
 
 found a large field for the exercise of their various 
 gifts. Mauy public stated meetings for religious 
 controversy with the freest scope, and many 
 others for religious edification, equally liberal in 
 their character, were held there in those days. To 
 both classes of these meetings Edward Burrough 
 found his mind drawn ; sometimes going alone, 
 whilst at others he was accompanied by one or more 
 of his fellow-labourers. They all appear to have been 
 diligently engaged in attending these large public 
 meetings, or the smaller gatherings of those who 
 made profession with them. As they were thus 
 led from one congregation to another among indi- 
 viduals, many of whom they had never seen before, 
 they were furnished with a word of exhortation, 
 admonition, entreaty, or warning, adapted to the 
 various states of those whom they found assembled. 
 Many were reached by their ministry, and not a 
 few were effectually convinced, so that the meetings 
 held at Friends' houses increased in numbers 
 rapidly ; and a great sensation was produced among 
 that portion of the professing religious world, which 
 was seeking after a nearer acquaintance with God, 
 and a more sure way to his kingdom. 
 
 John Camm and John Audland, after parting 
 with Edward Burrough, proceeded onward to Bristol, 
 which they entered on the 12th of the fifth month. 
 
 On the 13th they held two meetings in that city, 
 in which they were enabled powerfully to preach 
 the everlasting Gospel, so that, through the effectual 
 assistance of the Lord's Holy Spirit, the witness in 
 
 D2
 
 36 MEMOLB OF 
 
 the hearts of many people was reached. John 
 Audland, in company with Thomas Airey, proceeded 
 to Plymouth, where they left some seals to their 
 ministry.* John Camin turned westward to Lon- 
 don, where we soon find him banded, in the fellow- 
 ship and labours of the Gospel, with the faithful 
 workmen who had for some weeks been engaged 
 there. 
 
 Although these early preachers of the word of 
 life were generally listened to with respectful atten- 
 tion in London, yet this was not always the case. 
 About the 20th of the month, Edward Burrough 
 and Richard Hubberthorn were at a meeting of the 
 Baptists, held at a place called the Glasshouse, 
 where Edward was permitted to unburden his mind 
 freely. The congregation, however, was not equally 
 courteous to Richard. He may, perhaps, have given 
 utterance in his communications to some truths, so 
 disagreeable to their pre-conceived opinions or pre- 
 judices, that they could not very well bear them. 
 "Whatever may have been the cause, they became 
 excited against him, and forcibly expelled him from 
 their place of meeting. They had then a few words 
 of dispute with Edward, who soon after withdrew. 
 
 Richard Hubberthorn, having been thus ejected 
 from the meeting of the Baptists, joined John 
 Camm, who was that day with a people called 
 Lockers, whose hired preacher had proved himself 
 to be "an hireling," by leaving them in order to 
 
 * See the account of Priscilla Cotton in " Piety Promoted."
 
 EDWAED BUBBOTJGH. 37 
 
 obtain promotion. Here our Friends had full 
 liberty to speak, and they were largely opened to 
 declare the Truth among them. The same day, 
 Francis Howgill and Anthony Pearson attended 
 the meeting of a religious sect known by the name 
 of Waiters. When they entered the meeting, a 
 man was addressing the company, but he ceased 
 speaking on seeing them come in. Francis soon 
 felt the influence of that anointing which qualifies 
 for labour in the Q-ospel vineyard, and a large por- 
 tion of the work fell to his share that day. He 
 opened to them the doctrine of the light of Christ 
 inwardly revealed, by giving heed to the restraining 
 and directing influence of which, men would be led 
 to Christ Jesus, and enabled to attain salvation. 
 When he had finished the testimony then given 
 him to bear, a man by the name of Rich made 
 a few remarks. He acknowledged that the Light 
 was a guide, and that it led into innoceney; but 
 told them that he looked for a greater guide, which 
 would lead into glory. This sentiment was not 
 satisfactory to Friends. 
 
 The Light which they preached is the Spirit of 
 our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, revealed in the 
 hearts of all mankind, and being himself the Truth, 
 He leads those who follow Him, out of all error 
 and into all truth, and not only brings these faith- 
 ful servants of Christ into fellowship here on earth, 
 but, through the redemption which is in Him, opens 
 to them a glorious resting-place in the Paradise of 
 God, in the world which is to come. This Divine
 
 38 MEMOIR OF 
 
 Light, therefore, is not only a guide into innocence 
 and purity of life on earth, but also a guide to that 
 eternal glory which shall be revealed hereafter in 
 heaven. Anthony Pearson felt himself constrained 
 more fully to elucidate the views of Friends on this 
 very important doctrine; and afterwards, Francis 
 Howgill and Edward Burrough, who had just joined 
 his friends, severally added their testimonies to the 
 Truth. The opportunity was satisfactory, and at 
 the conclusion they took an affectionate leave of the 
 auditory. 
 
 The next point of time at which we can trace 
 these indefatigable labourers in the Lord's vineyard, 
 was the following sixth-day, when they attended a 
 meeting for religious worship with those who were 
 newly convinced of Friends' principles. There 
 were now many such in London, and the hearts of 
 the faithful ministers and fathers in the Truth 
 yearned over these, with earnest desires that they 
 might not only be established in knowledge but 
 grow in grace, and thus be enabled to walk worthy 
 of their vocation whereunto they were called. On 
 first-day, the 22nd, Edward Burrough and Francis 
 Howgill were at a meeting held in a large place 
 called Ely-house. A man who, in the account left 
 us of this opportunity, is spoken of as the governor 
 of the house, first spoke to the people assembled. 
 Then a Banter addressed the company. "Whilst he 
 was still speaking, Edward Burrough, whose heart 
 was full of deep religious concern on behalf of those 
 present, rose on his feet. At the sound of hia
 
 EDWABD BUBHOUGH. 39 
 
 voice the Banter ceased speaking. Edward, though 
 quite a young man, was clothed with a Divine 
 authority which reached the hearts, touched the 
 consciences, and convinced the judgment, of many 
 who heard him. When he ceased, the Banter 
 again spoke ; and then Francis Howgill, in a mea- 
 sure of the same power which had quickened the 
 ministry of his younger brother, laboured among 
 them for about the space of an hour. As he closed, 
 the Banter, being full of that self-sufficiency which 
 is the common attendant of those whose religion is 
 more in word and imagination than in life and power, 
 appealed to the people to decide, whether he had 
 not spoken to their consciences as thoroughly as 
 Edward and Francis had done. To this the people 
 with one consent answered, "No." The governor, 
 indignant at the thought that his own reputation 
 as well as the Banter's had suffered in the opinion 
 of those gathered, refused to grant the request 
 made by Friends for liberty to hold a meeting in 
 the house in the afternoon. 
 
 That morning, John Camm was with a company 
 of people who were engaged in preparing a new 
 translation of the Scriptures, for the purpose of 
 making it support certain doctrinal views. At 
 mid-day, these Friends met together, under feel- 
 ings, no doubt, of gratitude to the Lord, who had 
 strengthened them for their several portions of ser- 
 vice during the morning. In the afternoon, Bichard 
 Hubberthorn attended the meeting of Friends ; 
 whilst Francis Howgill and Anthony Pearson, feel-
 
 40 MEMOIB OF 
 
 ing their minds drawn to sit with those translators 
 of the Scriptures, of whom we have already spoken, 
 went to their meeting, where they had some sea- 
 sonable service. Before they left, a dispute con- 
 cerning some point arose, and they mutually agreed 
 that all doctrines should be tested by the Scrip- 
 tures. Friends were so well furnished by the Great 
 Head of the Church with wisdom in argument, and 
 the memory of apposite texts, that their opposers 
 were confounded. Edward Burrough was that 
 afternoon at a place of worship in Lombard-street, 
 at which many of the highest professors of religion 
 in the city attended. Here he sat in silence, until 
 the priest had gone through his accustomed round 
 of singing, praying, &c., which constituted, in the 
 general estimation, the service of a meeting. Before 
 the priest closed his performance, Edward was 
 joined by Eichard Hubberthorn, Francis Howgill, 
 and Anthony Pearson. The usual exercises of the 
 meeting being now finished, Edward stepped upon 
 a seat, and in a loud and animated voice addressed 
 the congregation. There was such sensible evidence 
 of the baptising power of the Holy Spirit accom- 
 panying the word preached, that the whole congre- 
 gation listened to him with quiet attention. He 
 addressed them about an hour ; and when he closed, 
 his nearly-united friend and companion, Francis 
 Howgill, was also permitted to relieve his mind 
 among them. 
 
 In the meantime, John Carnm was at a meeting 
 of Baptists, where his mouth was opened to preach
 
 EDWAED BUBEOUaH. 41 
 
 the freeness of the grace and Gospel of our Lord 
 Jesus Christ. In the evening they all met together 
 in sweet unity of spirit, and closed the day in peace, 
 enjoying the communion and fellowship of the 
 saints, and the fresh feeling of the heavenly Father's 
 love. This is a history of one of the many days of 
 faithful and laborious service, which those ministers 
 of Christ spent in London. 
 
 On one occasion they held an appointed meeting, 
 on the fourth-day of the week, in a room in South- 
 wark, which on first-days was occupied by Anabap- 
 tists as a place of worship. Many of those who 
 usually attended these meetings were present, and 
 were well pleased with the doctrines which were 
 then preached. But whilst these were satisfied, 
 some who had not been present found fault with 
 the principles of Friends, and with their fellow- 
 professors, who had permitted the meeting to be 
 held in their room. Their preacher, or, as he was 
 termed, teacher, spread many false reports against 
 Friends, to which those who had heard for them- 
 selves gave no credit. Dissatisfaction, on this ac- 
 count, and dissensions arose among them, which 
 resulted in a secession of many of the flock. 
 
 On the 23rd of the fifth month, Anthony Pearson 
 left his fellow-labourers in London, and returned to 
 his family in Westmoreland. Writing to George 
 Fox, at the close of this month, he tells him, that 
 they found many in London, with a true prin- 
 ciple of honesty in them. But, he says, the people 
 of that place are, " for the most part, so high-flown
 
 42 MEMOIR OF 
 
 in wisdom and notions, it is hard to reach them." 
 Trusting in their own strength and attainments, 
 they were apt, if these were called in question, or 
 judgment placed upon them, to become angry. 
 Anthony expresses his conviction, that much true 
 wisdom was needful in those who attempted to 
 labour among them. He thinks that the only 
 effectual mode of bringing them to the truth, would 
 be by reaching, through the convicting power of 
 the Holy Spirit, the witness for God in their con- 
 sciences; and whilst broken and contrited under 
 its operations, to pass judgment upon them, and 
 keep them out of disputing and questioning. " This,' ' 
 he says, "we found the most profitable ministry." 
 Few words must be used, for they have the Truth 
 in notions, and all cry out, " What do these men 
 say, more than others have said?" but to bring 
 them to silence confounds their wisdom. " Oh, 
 that none might come to London, but those who 
 are raised up into the life of Truth ; who dwell in 
 the living power of God, whose words may have 
 authority : for there are so many mighty in wisdom 
 to oppose and gainsay, that weak ones will suffer 
 the Truth to be trampled on. And there are so 
 many rude, savage apprentices, and young people, 
 and Ranters, that nothing but the power of the 
 Lord can chain them." " Great is the harvest 
 likely to be in that city. Hundreds are convinced, 
 and thousands wait to see the issue, who have the 
 persuasion that it is the Truth." " Many honest 
 hearts are among the Waiters, and some that are
 
 EDWABD BTJBROUGH. 43 
 
 joined to the Banters are a pretty people. The 
 living power of God was made manifest, to the con- 
 founding of all, and we were carried above ourselves, 
 to the astonishment both of ourselves and others. 
 We were made to speak tremblingly amongst them, 
 in dread and much fear." 
 
 Edward Burrough, in a letter to Margaret Fell, 
 written about this time, informs her, that "We 
 were at a meeting of the people called Waiters, 
 where Richard Hubberthorn spake about an hour 
 in much power and authority. Francis was moved 
 to go to an assembly of people called Seekers, and 
 they were, as all this generation practises, jangling 
 and contending about the meaning of the Scriptures. 
 He stood silent among them a little, and then 
 spake the word of the Lord, in power, with 
 boldness, an hour or more, and confounded their 
 wisdom, and crushed their meaning of the Scrip- 
 ture. He said there were some pretty people 
 among them." 
 
 John Audland and Thomas Airey, having fulfilled 
 their \isit to Plymouth and the west of England, 
 early in the sixth month came eastward to London. 
 Here John remained for a few weeks, and as ability 
 from on High was given him, entered into that 
 extensive field of Labour, which his faithful brethren 
 in religious belief were so zealously and success- 
 fully cultivating there. It was now past the middle 
 of summer, the sixth month, old style, corresponding 
 with the eighth in the new. At this period of the 
 year, many of the tradesmen and mechanics of
 
 44 MEMOIR OF 
 
 London were in the habit of assembling in the 
 fields, on the outskirts of the city, near the close of 
 dry and pleasant days, to amuse themselves in 
 wrestling, or in watching others so engaged. One 
 evening, as Edward Burrough was passing by, his 
 attention was drawn to a company of people assem- 
 bled round an athletic man, who had already thrown 
 several competitors, and was then waiting for ano- 
 ther. As no one offered to enter the ring with 
 him, he seemed flushed with pride at his success, 
 and full of vain glory, because of that strength and 
 activity of body which was given him by his 
 Creator for nobler purposes. As the wrestler thus 
 stood, in the pride of his strength, with the crowd 
 of admiring spectators around him, Edward Bur- 
 rough stepped into the ring. The successful cham- 
 pion looked with surprise at this new opponent, 
 whose serious countenance and solid demeanour 
 seemed so little like the usual light and unmanly 
 deportment of the competitors, in these trials of 
 strength and agility. If the wrestler was astonished, 
 the idle gazers around him were not less so ; and 
 they watched with intense interest, to see the re- 
 sult. But the object of this youthful minister of 
 Christ was not to wrestle with flesh and blood. 
 The weapons of his warfare were not carnal, though 
 mighty through God to the pulling down of the 
 strongholds of sin and Satan. He had been re- 
 deemed by the effectual workings of the grace of 
 God, in his own heart, from the spirit of the world, 
 with all its vain pleasures and pastimes, and he was
 
 EDWABD BUEEOUGH. 45 
 
 now enlisted under the banner of the Prince of 
 Peace, the Captain of Salvation, in making war with 
 the spirit of Antichrist, and against all the corrup- 
 tions which abound in the world. It had become 
 his meat and drink to do his Master's will ; and he 
 felt it his pleasure, no less than his duty, to labour 
 to gather souls to Christ to turn men and women 
 from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan 
 unto God. Clothed with authority from his Divine 
 Master, after standing a few moments, he ad- 
 dressed the by-standers in a powerful and awaken- 
 ing manner, to which they listened with attention 
 and wondering admiration. He told them that 
 their heavenly Father had not left himself without 
 a witness in the heart of man ; but had placed in 
 every one a measure of his grace or Holy Spirit, by 
 which man was enlightened at times to see his 
 fallen condition, and to feel the necessity of regene- 
 ration. Many of his hearers were deeply affected 
 by his discourse, for he was very aptly called, " A 
 breaker of stony hearts ; a son of thunder, as well 
 as a consoler of the contrite in spirit." The labours 
 thus bestowed, in this strangely-gathered meeting, 
 were made, through the Divine blessing, qualifying 
 the instrument, and preparing the hearts of the 
 hearers for the reception of the seed sown, eifectual 
 in turning the feet of some of them into the way 
 of peace, and leading them to a knowledge of the 
 truth as it is in Jesus. Thus this spiritual wrestler 
 was made victorious in this new arena, and having 
 been faithful to the requirings of duty, in thus pub-
 
 46 MEMOIE OF 
 
 licly wrestling against wickedness, he retired from 
 the ring in peace. 
 
 Of the inhabitants of London it might have been 
 said at that time in truth, " Many were daily added 
 to the church." Gilbert Latey was one of these. 
 He was of an honest, sober life, and had been earn- 
 estly engaged in seeking after spiritual good, even 
 durable riches and righteousness. Being informed 
 that some men come out of the north were to have 
 a meeting at the house of Sarah Matthews, a widow, 
 who lived in Whitecross-street, he went thither, 
 and heard Edward Burrough, who was that day led 
 in his ministry to set forth the free Gospel of Christ 
 Jesus. Being effectually reached by the power and 
 authority which accompanied the word preached, 
 his heart was opened and prepared to receive with 
 gladness the truth in the love of it. He believed 
 in, and turned to, the light of Christ Jesus in his 
 conscience, and followed its leadings, " greatly 
 rejoicing that he had found his soul's beloved." 
 He was strengthened to take up the cross to 
 worldly honour, to deny self and the praise of men, 
 and to despise the shame which the men of the 
 world are ever ready to cast upon the true disciples 
 of Christ. Being thus humbled, and having been 
 made willing to be despised for Christ's sake and 
 the Gospel's, he was united to the flock of newly 
 convinced Friends in London, and in due time 
 became eminently useful among them. 
 
 The following letter to Margaret Fell, exhibiting 
 a little of the labours of Friends in and about
 
 EDWABD BUBEOUGH. 47 
 
 London, during the sixth month, was written by 
 Edward Burrough on behalf of himself and Francis 
 Howgill, who also signed it. This will account for 
 the alteration of the singular to the plural pronoun, 
 which is to be found in it. 
 
 " London, 29th of Sixth month, 1654. 
 
 " DEAB SISTEE, Great is our care and charge. 
 Pray that we may be kept in faithfulness and bold- 
 ness in the work of the Lord committed to us, and 
 that wisdom may guide us to handle the sword : 
 that we may clearly discern what to spare and what 
 to destroy. Great is our travail, till Christ be 
 brought forth in this people ; and our suffering is 
 ever with and for the pure seed, which lies in 
 bondage. "We two are constrained to stay in this 
 city ; but we are not alone, for the power of our 
 Father is with us, and it is daily made manifest 
 through weakness, even to the stopping the mouths 
 of lions, and to the confounding of the serpent's 
 wisdom. Eternal praises to Him for evermore ! 
 
 " In this city, iniquity is grown to the height, 
 the serpent's wisdom is grown fully ripe. Here are 
 the subtilest serpents to grapple with and war 
 withal ; but in the eternal Light, which is our shield 
 and buckler, are they comprehended and their 
 deceits made manifest to us ; and by the Light they 
 are judged and condemned. 
 
 " We have three meetings or more every week, 
 very large, more than any place will contain which 
 we can conveniently meet in. Many of all sorts
 
 48 MEMOIR OP 
 
 come to us, and many of all sects are convinced, 
 yea, hundreds do believe ; and by the power of tin- 
 Gospel declared amongst them, is the witness of 
 God raised, which shall never die. There are some 
 brought under the power exceedingly, which strikes 
 terror in the hearts of many ; and many lie under 
 true judgment, and a true life is raised up in many, 
 and the time of redemption is drawing nigh. As 
 yet we know little of our departing from hence ; to 
 all, do we, and shall we, clear our consciences, and 
 be free from the blood of all men, and finish our 
 testimony. Many begin to consider of us, and think 
 there is something more in it than a bare notion ; 
 at the first they looked upon it as no more ; but it 
 sinks deep inward in many, for to that we speak 
 which brings us in remembrance when they see us 
 not. 
 
 " The last first-day but one (sixth month, 19th), I 
 was at a steeple-house in the forenoon, and had 
 liberty to speak what I was free, and passed away to 
 the meeting in the afternoon. Last first-day (26th), 
 Eichard Hubberthorn and I went twelve miles out 
 of the city, to a great meeting of Separatists, to a 
 place called Theobolds,* where many great men 
 were, and officers in the army, and such-like : and 
 we had pretty liberty to let forth ourselves, but at 
 the end, the heads of them put us violently forth, 
 which many simple minds owned not in them. The 
 
 * This is near Waltham Abbey. Richard Hubberthorn 
 passed on, after this meeting, to Cambridge, where, on the 28th, 
 he was arrested and, with James Parnell, cast into prison.
 
 EDWAED BUBBOTJGH. 49 
 
 fourth-day of last week (22nd), we had a meeting 
 in Southwark, in a large room, where some Ana- 
 baptists meet on the first-days; several of them 
 were there, and many hundred people. 
 
 " Our dear brethren, John Audland and John 
 Camm, went from us the last sixth-day, out of the 
 city towards Oxford, to be there the last first-day 
 (26th) ; our hearts were broken in separating one 
 from another, for our lives are bound up in one, 
 and we partake of one another's sufferings, and of 
 one another's joy. We receive letters every week 
 from the prisoners* at Chester. The work of the 
 Lord goes on gloriously in that county. There is pre- 
 cious seed there ; and Anthony Pearson writes to us 
 of the like in the county of Bishoprick (Durham). 
 It is ever our reward to hear that the Lord is raising 
 that up in power, which was sown in weakness : to 
 the Lord be glory, be glory for evermore ! 
 
 " Remember us dearly to all Friends, for we are 
 refreshed in the remembrance of you. Our chiefest 
 
 * These probably were Edward Ogden and Richard Cos- 
 thorph, and perhaps there were some others. Richard was 
 fixed in the place of torture called Little Ease. Besse says, 
 " It was a hole hewed out in a rock ; the breadth across, from 
 side to side, was seventeen inches ; from the back to the inside 
 of the great door, at the top, seven inches ; at the shoulders, 
 eight inches ; at the breast, nine inches and a half. From the 
 top to the bottom one yard and a half, with a device to lessen 
 the length, as they minded to torment the person put in, by 
 drawing boards which shoot over the two sides to a yard in 
 height, or thereabouts." Many Friends, during this year, 
 suffered in this place.
 
 50 MEMOIB OF 
 
 care is, that we may be preserved in obedience, in 
 power, and in wisdom ; that the Lord may be 
 glorified by us. We rest from writing, but con- 
 tinue to be thy dearly beloved brethren in the 
 Lord, 
 
 "EDWABD BUBBOUGH, 
 "FSAKCIS HOWGILL." 
 
 Edward Burrough and Francis Howgill were still 
 usefully occupied in London. Those who had been 
 co-workers with them there, had all left them, and 
 were now labouring in various parts of England, as 
 the Lord led and qualified them for his work and 
 service. John Camm and John Audland, after 
 visiting Oxfordshire, passed on to Bristol, where a 
 rich harvest awaited them. They held various 
 meetings in that city, the first of which was on the 
 10th of the seventh month ; and many were con- 
 vinced of the Truth under their ministry. 
 
 From the following letter, written by Francis 
 Howgill to Robert Widders, we may gather some 
 further particulars of the labours of Edward 
 Burrough and himself in London. 
 
 " London, 23rd of Seventh month, 1654. 
 "DEAB BEOTHEB, E. B. and I stay still in 
 London. Large is the love of God to us, and the 
 work of the Lord prospers in our hands : eternal, 
 living praises [to Him] for evermore. We are here 
 among this great people in much weakness ; and 
 when we see such multitudes, we are often put to a
 
 EDWAED BTTRROUGH. 51 
 
 stand where one might get bread to satisfy so many. 
 But the wisdom and power of God has been with 
 us, and there are hundreds convinced ; but not 
 many great or noble do receive our testimony. Yet 
 there are many put to a stand, and brought into 
 silence ; and many are under deep judgment, and a 
 true power. We have had many great giants to 
 encounter, but by the power of the Lord the 
 mouths of lions have been stopped, and our adver- 
 saries have been put to flight. We have been in 
 great service continually since we came into this 
 filthy place. Here is the trimmed harlot, the mystery 
 of witchcraft ; the devil rules, and is head in all sorts. 
 
 " We have been at the most eminent societies in 
 the city, and we have had strong fightings with 
 them over and over, and at some steeple-houses ; 
 and, but that they have our persons in contempt, 
 they say none speak like us ; but the devil cannot 
 stoop so low. We have two or three meetings in 
 the week, but no place large enough ; so that we 
 are much put to it. We have been guided in much 
 wisdom, so that all them that hate us have nothing 
 to accuse us of, as of tumult, or disorder in the 
 least. Some want to entrap us, but in wisdom we 
 are guided ; praised be the Lord ! 
 
 "Miles Halhead and James Lancaster* were 
 here, and came to visit us. They stayed one first- 
 
 * Miles Halhead and James Lancaster, early in this year, 
 left Westmoreland to labour in the northern parts of England. 
 They also visited Scotland ; and afterwards travelled south, 
 and entered London early in the seventh month. 
 2
 
 52 MEMOIB 01 
 
 day, and so were moved towards Cambridge. We 
 are much refreshed ; we receive letters from all quar- 
 ters ; the work goes on fast everywhere. Richard 
 Hubberthorn is yet in prison, and James Parnell, 
 . at Cambridge. Our dear brethren, John Audland 
 and John Camm, we hear [from], and we write to 
 one another twice in the week. They are near us 
 they are precious ; and the work of the Lord is 
 great about Bristol. 
 
 " Pray for us, dear brother, that we may be kept 
 in wisdom and power ; that the living God may be 
 exalted for evermore. My dear yoke-fellow salutes 
 thee. 
 
 " Thy dear friend in the work of the Lord, 
 
 "FBANCIS HOWGILL." 
 
 "Under date of the 2nd of the eighth month, 
 Francis Howgill writes : " Our burden is great, we 
 cannot get any separation, [that is, of Friends, from 
 others], for the multitude, and so Friends do not 
 know one another. We cannot conveniently get 
 any place to meet in, that Friends may sit down." 
 
 Through the Divine blessing on the labour be- 
 stowed, many had been convinced, and several small 
 meetings of Friends were set up about this time in 
 London, and regularly held. On first-day morn- 
 ings, some of the Friends collected together at the 
 house of Sarah Matthews, widow, residing in 
 Whitecross- street ; and in the afternoons of that 
 day they met at Simon Dring's, in Moorfields. It 
 would seem that there were meetings also at the
 
 EDWABD BTJRBOTJaH. 53 
 
 houses of other Friends, and sometimes at Glaziers' 
 Hall. Besides these meetings, some were appointed 
 in almost or quite every week, at such suitable pub- 
 lic places as could be procured for the purpose. A 
 great sensation had been made in the minds of the 
 people throughout London. The convincing power 
 that accompanied the ministry of Friends had pro- 
 duced such results, that the priests beheld with 
 dismay many of their congregations leaving them. 
 The doctrines preached by Friends were not new ; 
 they were primitive Christianity, revived in its 
 ancient spirituality ; and the quickening power 
 which attended their ministry, awakened and 
 aroused the lukewarm, while it met a ready response 
 from the sincere seekers after truth. Instead of 
 calling the attention of their hearers to curious 
 speculations and outward forms and observances, 
 they directed them to Christ Jesus, their Shepherd 
 and Bishop, who had given them a measure of his 
 Light and grace to profit withal, and which, as they 
 obeyed and followed it, would lead them out of all 
 evil, into holiness of life and conversation, and that 
 living faith in Christ Jesus, as the Redeemer and 
 Sanctifier of his people, which is the gift of God, 
 and the saints' victory over the world, the flesh and 
 the devil. It is a practical, heart-changing religion, 
 adapted by Infinite Wisdom for the recovery of 
 man out of the fall, and for preparing him, through 
 sanctification of the Spirit and a belief of the truth, 
 for the blessedness of heaven.
 
 54 MEMOIR OF 
 
 CHAPTER HI. 
 
 JOHN CAMM and John Audland were the first 
 preachers amongst Friends who visited the south- 
 west of England. In the fifth month, 1654, they were 
 in Bristol, at which place they appointed meetings, 
 which were largely attended ; many of their hearers 
 were seriously awakened, and not a few were 
 convinced of the truth.* Their first visit to the 
 city was brief, but they returned in the seventh 
 month, after they left London. They held many 
 meetings in Bristol and its vicinity, and the same 
 overshadowing influence of the Divine presence was 
 with them, as attended their first labour there. 
 The newly convinced were confirmed, and the oppos- 
 ing spirit in some was shaken. They left Bristol 
 again, about the 22nd of the seventh month, and 
 travelling north, were at a meeting at Hereford on 
 the 25th, from whence they proceeded to Bromyard. 
 
 In the eighth month, Edward Burrough and 
 Francis Howgill left London, under a concern to 
 visit Bristol. They reached that place about the 
 middle of the eighth month, and on the next first- 
 day, the 21st, they had a meeting in the Castle, 
 which was attended by many hundreds of people. 
 When the meeting was over, in order to obtain a 
 
 * Josiah Cole, Charles Marshall, and many besides, who 
 afterwards proved valiant in supporting the doctrines of 
 Friends, were convinced at these meetings.
 
 EDWAED BITEEOUGH. 55 
 
 little quiet retirement from the company of inte- 
 rested and inquiring persons, who constantly 
 thronged about them, they retired into the country, 
 to the residence of a captain in the army, about 
 one mile from the city. Their plan to obtain seclu- 
 sion did not succeed, for many followed them and 
 filled the house. Every day of the succeeding 
 week they had meetings, either within or without 
 the city, largely attended by the citizens, and 
 crowned with the sensible evidence of Divine regard. 
 On the morning of the following first-day (28th), 
 they were in the city, at the house of George 
 Bishop, then a military captain, but afterwards a 
 soldier of Christ Jesus, the Prince of Peace. His 
 house was large, but it proved altogether inadequate 
 to accommodate those who came. In the afternoon 
 they went out to the Fort, and at the meeting held 
 there, it is supposed two thousand persons were 
 present, amongst whom were many of the great 
 men and women of the city. This large assembly 
 was very quiet, but the multitude was so great that 
 the preachers could scarcely extend their voices, so 
 that those in the outskirts could hear. When the 
 services of the meeting had closed, Edward and 
 Francis found it difficult to get away for the 
 awakened crowd ; and they say, in a letter to Mar- 
 garet Fell, that they were obliged to retire into a 
 private chamber. 
 
 The priests and magistrates were incensed at the 
 effects produced by the Gospel labours of these mi- 
 nisters of Christ, and determined, if possible, to find
 
 56 MEMOIR OP 
 
 some cause of complaint against them. On the 
 second-day they came into the city, and going to the 
 house of a merchant, information was soon spread. 
 The mayor, aldermen, justices of the peace, with 
 some of the priests assembled, and a sergeant was 
 sent to bring the strangers before them. Edward 
 and Francis, conscious of having violated no law, 
 readily obeyed the summons, and were accompanied 
 by many of the military officers and great men of 
 the city, who had been in a measure reached 
 through their ministry. These were not, however, 
 allowed to be present at the examination that took 
 place. After Edward and Francis had informed 
 those before whom they were taken, that they had 
 come according to their desire, the magistrates 
 manifested great wrath because they did not take 
 off their hats. Being informed that it was not out 
 of contempt of authority, but for conscience sake, 
 that Friends did not uncover the head to their fel- 
 low-men, they were asked their names and coun- 
 try. "We will give the rest in Francis Howgill's 
 words, contained in a letter to Margaret Fell, which 
 was signed also by Edward Burrough. 
 
 " They asked us how we came to the city, and we 
 answered them, and told them the command and 
 motion of the Lord ; that we had to bear witness 
 to his name, and to declare the Gospel committed 
 unto us. It was asked whether our call was mediate 
 or immediate ? we answered, immediate ; we denied 
 all mediate calls, for they were carnal. They said, 
 if we had the same immediate call, declare it. Then
 
 EDWABD BUBBOUGH. 57 
 
 I declared what I had been, and what I was. "We 
 declared where we had habitations, and that at the 
 command of God we left them ; we spoke about a 
 quarter of an hour, and they gave audience. They 
 asked if we accused all ministers in England ? We 
 said, no ; there were many ministers of Christ in 
 England, and we had unity with them ; but all 
 hirelings, and such as sought for their gain from 
 their quarter, we denied. They pleaded for hire ; 
 and said the light was natural, and that every one 
 had it not, and the like. They also said, we dis- 
 honoured the Gospel. After much striving and con- 
 tending, when they could not ensnare us, they all 
 cast their ears together, and said, we had tumul- 
 tuous meetings, to which one of their own [number] 
 answered, there were many godly honest people 
 [collected] without tumult. So they could get 
 nought against us, and they commanded us to de- 
 part out of the town ; but we were bold, and said, 
 we were free-born men, and we knew no law we 
 had transgressed, and therefore we should not be 
 at any man's will ; but when He moved us that 
 called us, we should [depart] ; and come in again as 
 He moved. So we passed away, and all the people 
 were silent, and the priests and magistrates were 
 enraged. We stayed till night, and then went out of 
 the city. This day [ninth month] we were moved 
 to come in again, and walk the streets. 
 
 " Here is a pretty people, and a great harvest ; 
 it is like that bonds will attend us ; but all is one ; 
 in the will of God we stand free, out of all. John
 
 58 MEMOIE OF 
 
 Audland and John Camm we see not yet, but ex- 
 pect their coming. Here is a thirsty land ; and, 
 truly, the sound of the Gospel committed to us, is 
 gone through all the regions round about. The 
 living God of life preserve us in his eternal power 
 and wisdom ; in the will of the Lord we stand, and 
 none can take away our joy. 
 
 " Salute us dearly to George Fox ; one hour with 
 him would be great joy to us. "We [have] want 
 of nothing without ; the Lord reward thee (and 
 thou hast thy reward), for the care and love over 
 all the church of Christ." 
 
 The account of this interview given in the " Suf- 
 ferings of Friends" relates rather more of their 
 reply to the magistrates ; it closes thus, " We are 
 free-born Englishmen, and have served the common- 
 wealth in faithfulness, being free in the presence of 
 God from the transgression of any law. To your 
 command we cannot be obedient, but if by violence 
 you put us out of the city, and have power to do 
 it, we cannot resist." 
 
 They continued in and about Bristol, labouring 
 to fulfil the requiring of their Divine Master, during 
 the ninth month, and, it would appear, without 
 molestation. The magistrates, astonished at their 
 innocent boldness, knew not what to do with them, 
 and the priests had not yet matured their plan for 
 stirring up a persecuting spirit in the mob, by 
 whose hands, in a few weeks afterward, John Camm 
 and John Audland suffered much abuse. In the 
 meantime, the faith of those who had been con-
 
 EDWAED BUKEOU&H. 59 
 
 vinced of the truth in that neighbourhood was 
 strengthened by the labours of these faithful 
 Friends, and they grew in grace, so that they were 
 enabled in a remarkable manner, by their constancy 
 in sufferings and imprisonments, to hold up a light 
 to the world. 
 
 Rumours of the great meetings held by Friends 
 in Bristol spread far and wide through the 
 country ; and twelve Baptists came out of Wilt- 
 shire, to have a public dispute with Edward and 
 Francis. A meeting was accordingly held, and 
 their confident challengers being unable, either to 
 defend their own views, or controvert the doctrine 
 of those they had come to overthrow fled from 
 the contest. 
 
 On returning home, in order to cover their de- 
 feat, they reported that the Quakers cursed and 
 swore, and denied Christ and the Scriptures. 
 These reports reached Edward and Francis, who 
 were about leaving Bristol to return to London, 
 the care of Friends there still resting upon them. 
 Edward had also some controversial tracts about 
 passing through the press in that city. It was 
 early in the tenth month that they took leave ^of 
 their friends at Bristol, and passing into Wilts, 
 came to the town where the discomfited champions 
 had spread those false reports. The people of the 
 place were very fierce towards them, but they 
 obtained liberty for a meeting in the market-place 
 to clear themselves. As they went to it, they felt 
 a sense of great inward weakness and insufficiency,
 
 60 MEMOIR OF 
 
 which led them to look to the alone source of 
 strength and true wisdom for assistance. A large 
 company gathered, amongst whom was the mayor 
 of the town, and a justice of the peace. They soon 
 felt the power of the Lord strengthening them ; so 
 that for two hours they spoke with irresistible 
 authority, in defence of the truth. They then had 
 a dispute with two of the Baptists for four hours, 
 at the conclusion of which, their opponents laid 
 aside all boasting. The justice of the peace thus 
 expressed his satisfaction, and said he had never 
 heard any who spake like them, and invited them 
 to his house, where on the following day they 
 went. In the evening, the mayor of the town 
 called on them, confessed that they had spoken the 
 truth, and said if he did not witness to it, his con- 
 science would witness against him. 
 
 This dispute opened their way in Wiltshire, 
 and they had many meetings. They stayed two 
 days at the house of Justice Stooker, who, with his 
 wife, was convinced of the truth, as were many 
 others. When they departed for London, the 
 justice sent his man and horses to take them 
 fifteen miles on their way. From this circum- 
 stance it is evident that their travels were much 
 on foot. It would appear, from a passage in George 
 Fox's journal, that almost immediately after they 
 reached London, Francis Howgill must have re- 
 turned to Bristol. Edward Burrough remained a 
 short time in London, but towards the close of the 
 tenth month he met with his friend and former
 
 EDWABD BUBBOTJGH. 61 
 
 companion, at a general meeting held at Swaning- 
 ton, in Leicestershire. 
 
 By whose agency this meeting was called, no in- 
 formation appears to have been preserved. G-eorge 
 Fox says of it, " many Eanters, Baptists, and other 
 professors came." The Eanters were, as usual, 
 wild and rude, but the power of truth was present 
 to confound them. On the second day of the 
 meeting, Jacob Bottomly, a great Banter, came 
 from Leicester ; but he, too, was restrained by the 
 Lord's power, as was also a priest who attempted 
 to oppose. George Fox says, " the priests, Bap- 
 tists, Ranters, and other professors were very rude, 
 and stirred up rude people against us. "We sent 
 to the Eanters to come forth, and try their god. 
 Abundance of them came, who sung, whistled, and 
 danced; but the Lord's power so prevailed over 
 them, that many of them were convinced." 
 
 From Swanington, Edward and Francis returned 
 to London. Among the changes which had taken 
 place in that city, several of the newly convinced 
 had been called and anointed to preach the Gospel 
 of life and salvation. 
 
 Let us now examine what Edward Burrough had 
 been doing with his pen this year, in which, as we 
 have seen, he had been so abundantly occupied in 
 ministerial labours. Soon after Friends began to 
 hold meetings in London, many Anabaptists, being 
 convinced of the truth of the Gospel, joined them. 
 This stirred up the zeal of some of their late com- 
 panions, who still considered Quakerism to be a dan-
 
 62 MEMOIR OF 
 
 gerous heresy, and occasioned the publication of a 
 book, entitled, " The Quaker principles dashed in 
 pieces, by Enoch Hewitt, an Anabaptist." Edward 
 Burrough was prompt in answering this, and in the 
 strong and quaint language generally adopted for 
 the titles of books in that day, called his tract, 
 " The Walls of Jericho razed down to the Ground, 
 or an answer to a lying book, called the Quakery, 
 &c." One of the charges which Hewitt, in his tract, 
 makes against Friends, is, " They oppose the word 
 of Christ to the written word ; and will have a 
 word that is a discovery spiritual, to be the word ; 
 but whatsoever it is they call the word, it is per- 
 fectly false, and not the truth." 
 
 Edward reproves him for allowing his mis-state- 
 ments to be carried up and down the streets of 
 London as ballads, and says, " We do not oppose 
 Christ to the Scriptures ; for Christ is the word, 
 and this the Scriptures do not oppose, but bear 
 witness to him who is the word ; and his name is 
 called the word of God. And this Word became 
 flesh and dwelt among us ; as the Scriptures wit- 
 ness ; and the word of the Lord endureth for ever. 
 Thou that wouldst set up the latter in the place of 
 God, to try all things, and to search all hearts, 
 thou makest ani dol of it, and so opposest God with 
 it, and would bring that to contend against the 
 Lord, which they witnessed through suffering. I 
 tell thee and all the world, the word is but one, and 
 all who know God, hear that word. It is a light and 
 a lantern to their paths ; but that is invisible and
 
 EDWABD BTTBBOUGH. 63 
 
 eternal, and what the saints witnessed of his word, 
 they declared, and the Scripture is true, and bears 
 a true record and testimony of the word, and they 
 were witnesses of the word of life that wrote it. It 
 is a true declaration of those things that are cer- 
 tainly believed, of the which they saw, and heard, 
 and tasted." " Let all that have heard us in the city 
 of London, or elsewhere, speak, if they heard us 
 say the Scriptures were useless, or did disesteem 
 them ; but on the contrary, we exhorted them to 
 search if the Scriptures did not bear witness to 
 these things we declared ; and so let shame cover 
 thy face, thou false accuser." 
 
 To the charge of denying the Lord Jesus, that 
 was crucified for them, Edward Burrough says, 
 " "We deny not the Lord that bought us, for by Him 
 can we say we have received the end of his coming, 
 and of his death and ascension ; even he hath pur- 
 chased us, and set us free from the power and 
 kingdom of the devil." 
 
 Edward Burrough bears a clear testimony to the 
 belief of Friends in the resurrection and ascension 
 of Christ, and in replying to the charge of denying 
 the ordinances of God, and the Lord who bought 
 them, he says, " The way unto God and unto ever- 
 lasting life, which is Christ Jesus, we do not deny, 
 but are true witnesses, that the same Christ alone, 
 who was crucified at Jerusalem, and whom God 
 had raised from the dead, and who is ascended, in 
 him alone is salvation, and by him also alone are all 
 justified that believe on him. This we declare
 
 64 MEMOIB OF 
 
 freely unto all people, that Christ is the ordinance 
 of (rod, ordained by him for the salvation of all 
 that believe, and for the condemnation of all that 
 believe not in him. And that the way unto this 
 Christ, is not any outward visible thing, but even 
 that which is manifested from him, and leads up 
 unto him; even the light, by which he hath en- 
 lightened every one that cometh into the world, 
 which is spiritual as Christ is spiritual. 
 
 " The one baptism, which is by one spirit into 
 one body, into the death of Christ, we are witnesses 
 of: and the bread which we break, is the com- 
 munion of the body of Christ ; and we being many 
 are one bread ; but the beggarly elements of the 
 world we testify against, being witnesses of the 
 substance." After declaring, once more, Friends' 
 willingness to be judged by the Scriptures, he con- 
 cludes thus: "If thou find any that disown the 
 Scriptures, we also disown such, and do say, they 
 are not spiritual men, but have the spirit of 
 Antichrist." 
 
 E. Burrough's next work was an answer to cer- 
 tain questions put forth by a priest called Philip 
 Bennet, and a ranting deceiver named John Beeve. 
 This was followed by a review of a work entitled 
 " Choice Experiences, written by J. Turner, a 
 female." In this review he shows wherein the 
 doctrine contained in the " Choice Experiences " 
 is contrary to the truth. 
 
 The success attending the ministry of Friends, 
 and the rapid increase of their converts, created at <
 
 EDWABD BUBBOUGH. 65 
 
 this time great alarm among many of the ministers 
 of other societies. They were stirred up to oppose 
 and vilify the principles and practices of those who 
 seemed taking away their congregations. Many 
 pamphlets were put forth, the evident design of 
 which was to make Friends appear ridiculous, here- 
 tical, and dangerous in the eyes of the community. 
 None of these pamphlets appear to have been 
 suffered to go unanswered. One of them, written 
 by a John Griffith, entitled, " A Voice from the 
 Word of the Lord, to those grand Impostors called 
 Quakers," called forth a prompt and spirited reply 
 from Edward Burrough. In this essay, Edward 
 Burrough makes frequent declarations of the full 
 belief in, and regard for the Holy Scriptures, which 
 he and his brethren in religious profession enter- 
 tained, as well as many other points of Christian 
 doctrine, some of which we shall quote: 
 
 " That we reject and despise the Scriptures, and 
 the words which Christ spake, which thou accusest 
 us of, is another false slander ; for the Scriptures 
 we own in their place, and by the Spirit of God set 
 to our seals that they are true." " I charge thee 
 with a lie in thy mouth, who sayest, ' We would 
 not have men read the Scriptures.' They who 
 have heard us, shall witness that we do direct 
 to search the Scriptures, whether our doctrine be 
 true, and by the Scriptures shall our doctrine be 
 tried." 
 
 John Griffith says, "They talk of high enjoyments 
 and great revelations, without, above, and beyond 
 r
 
 66 MEMOIB OF 
 
 the Scriptures, and of a light which is besides the 
 Scriptures, but it is deep and thick darkness. And 
 what hath such lights led men into ? Even contempt 
 of God, and of all righteousness." He also adds, 
 "they call the Scriptures a dead letter." 
 
 Edward Burrough replies "Here thou art an 
 accuser of the brethren ; for what we do declare, 
 the Scriptures witness to the same. We speak of 
 nothing but what is declared of in the Scriptures, 
 by the holy men of God ; and neither without it, 
 nor above, nor beyond it, do we speak. I challenge 
 thee to prove what thou hast asserted, and all the 
 city of London, whether we have spoken or declared 
 anything but what the Scriptures bear witness to. 
 And the b'ght which we declare of, is the light of 
 Christ, which, the Scriptures saith, hath enlightened 
 every one that comes into the world. It is not 
 besides the Scriptures, so as [to be] contrary to it, 
 but the Scriptures bear witness of the b'ght ; and 
 here I charge thee with blasphemy, who sayest, the 
 light of Christ, which is the b'ght that we declare 
 of, hath led them or leads any to contemn God, or 
 his ordinances, or righteousness." "If you know 
 any who cry against the Scriptures, and against the 
 doctrine therein contained, we cry aiid declare 
 against such ; for the Scriptures we own in their 
 place, to be a true declaration of God, of Christ, and 
 of the saints' conditions ; but they are not the light, 
 but Christ is the light, as themselves bear witness. 
 Nor are they the saints' guide, but the Spirit that 
 gave them forth [is], as they themselves bear testi-
 
 EDWABD BUBEOTJGH. 67 
 
 mony. Neither were the Scriptures given forth, to 
 give your own imaginations and suppositions upon 
 but they themselves are doctrine, and are as they 
 speak ; he that hath the same Spirit which spake 
 them forth, reads them, and understands them, and 
 none else." 
 
 CHAPTEE IV. 
 
 AFTER a few weeks spent in fervent labour in 
 London, Edward Burrough and Francis Howgill 
 went out again in the service of their Divine Mas- 
 ter. Whilst they were absent, George Fox was 
 brought to the city, to be examined by Oliver 
 Cromwell. Although nominally a prisoner, yet he 
 was not restrained from going abroad, and attending 
 the meetings of Friends. He was as yet a stranger 
 to the great body of the young converts there, and 
 kept himself much retired, not mingling amongst 
 them, except at meetings. The way of this eminent 
 man was soon open amongst them, and they could 
 but take notice of the respectful deference paid 
 him by the faithful brethren, his fellow-labourers in 
 the Gospel of Christ Jesus, who met him in London. 
 Many of these had been effectually reached under 
 his ministry, and having had evidence of the wisdom 
 that had been given him from above, they could not 
 but consider him as a father of the truth, worthy of 
 double honour. This honour was not manifested 
 3? 2
 
 68 MEMOIR OF 
 
 in flattering words, which tend to exalt the crea- 
 ture, but there was a disposition to hear and 
 observe the remarks he made in social minglinga, as 
 well as in religious meetings ; and Alexander 
 Parker informs us, that the London Friends all 
 took notice of one thing "if George be in the 
 company, all the rest are for the most part silent." 
 On the sixth of the first month, 1655, George 
 Fox was set at liberty by the Protector, and about 
 that time, Edward Burrough and Francis Howgill 
 met him in London. There were many other minis- 
 ters gathered there. Edward informs Margaret 
 Fell, that on the next first-day, the 10th, George 
 Fox was in private with Friends, that is, he attended 
 the small meetings in private houses, where Friends 
 gathered by themselves. He adds, " we two were 
 in the general meeting place,* among the rude 
 world, threshing and ploughing. The rest of our 
 brethren were that day at several meetings, some 
 at one and some at another, and some among the 
 Baptists, and gathered people ; and great service 
 there was that day. Then, shortly after that first- 
 day, the brethren separated into the field, to reap and 
 to gather in." After describing the field of labour, 
 into which several of these brethren had entered, 
 he continues, " "We believe that [George Fox] will 
 return to this city again ; we two are too few for 
 this service, for truly it is very great ; at present, 
 many come in daily to the acknowledgment of the 
 
 * Probably the Bull and Mouth.
 
 EDWAED BTJBEOTJGH. 69 
 
 truth. Friends are so many, that not one place 
 can hold them on the first-days, where \ve can 
 peaceably meet, for the rude people ; for since we 
 came they have been very rude, very oft to pull 
 us down, when we have been speaking. George 
 was at the great meeting place, two first-days before 
 we came ; and his voice and outward man was 
 almost spent amongst them. 
 
 "We have thus ordered it since we came: we 
 get Friends, on the first-days, to meet together in 
 several places, out of the rude multitude, &c. ; and 
 we two go to the great meeting place which we 
 have, which will hold a thousand people, which is 
 always nearly filled, [there] to thresh among the 
 world ; and we stay till twelve or one o'clock, and 
 then pass away, the one to one place, and the other 
 to another place, where Friends are met in private, 
 and stay till four or five o'clock. 
 
 "Truly dear hearts, our care is for the whole 
 body, that all things may be ordered in the wisdom 
 of G-od, to the confounding of all our adversaries, 
 who seek for our halting." 
 
 The number of ministering Friends who were 
 now frequently in London, many of them persons 
 of very small means, and who could ill afford to 
 bear their own travelling expenses, furnished an 
 opportunity to their brethren of that city for con- 
 tributing occasionally to their necessities ; yet a 
 care rested on the minds of the travellers, not to be 
 burdensome to any. Alexander Parker writes, 
 " We do not want for any thing ; here are many
 
 70 MEMOIB OP 
 
 precious Friends in this city, who would do any 
 thing for us, or let us have any thing, but George 
 [Fox] is not very free, but rather keeps clear." It 
 is probable that Friends in other places, particularly 
 Margaret Fell, sent of their abundance to Edward 
 Burrough and Francis Howgill, for their care in 
 furnishing supplies to the faithful travellers, who 
 had not of their own. Alexander Parker says, " If 
 any want, our friends F. and E. supply them. The 
 charge truly is great, but our desire is to make it 
 as easy as possibly we can." 
 
 George Fox, who had left London before the 
 middle of the first month, 1655, returned to it again 
 on first-day, the 31st of the same month. Alexander 
 Parker thus writes of the services of that day : 
 " We had five meetings ; three of Friends that met 
 in silence, and George was at one of them, where 
 many of the world came in, but were sober. Francis 
 and Edward were at the great meeting place, where 
 many came to hear. Gervase Benson and I were 
 at a meeting beyond Westminster, where there are 
 many convinced : in the forenoon, having such short 
 notice, there were not many ; but in the afternoon 
 there came very many, and they were sober, quiet 
 people." 
 
 Just before the middle of the second month, 
 Edward Burrough left London, and went to Ed- 
 mondsbury in Suffolk, where he was soon joined by 
 Francis Howgill. They passed on together to the 
 Isle of Ely, where, at the time of the assizes, they 
 had a very favoured meeting. Here they found
 
 EDWA.BD BTTRBOTTGH. 71 
 
 James Parnell, who informed them that the Baptists 
 at Cambridge had challenged him to a public dis- 
 pute. Feeling a willingness to be present, they 
 accompanied him to that place at the time appointed. 
 It was the 20th of the second month. The steeple- 
 house had been selected by the Baptists as the 
 most suitable place for accommodating those who 
 might wish to witness the controversy ; but when 
 the hour came they found it shut. In the mean- 
 time the whole town was in an uproar, and the 
 scholars, as usual, rude and turbulent. The Bap- 
 tists, finding that James Parnell had two such able 
 assistants with him, were unwilling to carry on the 
 dispute. Edward and Francis perceiving the com- 
 motion to increase about them, with intimations of 
 personal violence, and no present appearance of the 
 dispute being allowed, returned to the house of 
 Justice Blakeling. James continued with the Bap- 
 tists, who retreated to the house of one of their 
 number, whose wife behaved in a very unchristian 
 manner toward himself and friends, on which James 
 said, that as she was nothing departed from the old 
 nature, it was evident she had not been made better 
 by her baptism in water. Followed by many rude 
 scholars and people, he then returned to a Friend's 
 house, probably the one at which his companions 
 were ; and there he preached to the multitude. 
 The Baptists finding that the common people and 
 the rough mob were with them, felt their hands 
 strengthened, and went to the Shire-house, in the 
 Castle-yard, and sent for James Parnell, who quickly
 
 72 MEMOIR OF 
 
 came to them. The gaoler at first would have re- 
 fused James Parnell permission to enter, but he at 
 last obtained it. The multitude now became quiet, 
 and Edward and Francis soon joined their friend. 
 The Baptists and the Independents each chose one 
 to represent them, and the dispute opened. 
 
 The Baptists put but one question, which was 
 this, " The writings of the Prophets and Apostles, 
 which are called Scriptures, whether are they the 
 word and sayings of the Most High God ? Tea or 
 nay ? " To this, James replied, " The word of God, 
 which is God, which dwelt in the Prophets and 
 Apostles, from it they spoke forth the things which 
 are recorded in Scripture." The Baptists declared 
 this was no answer, and finding nothing how they 
 could take hold of it, they after a time departed, 
 enjoining the gaoler not to allow James to speak 
 to the multitude. James was hustled and abused 
 by the rude scholars, although the Baptists had 
 been allowed to go away unmolested. On this he 
 remarks, " it appears that the world loves its own." 
 
 Edward and Francis returned to the house of a 
 Friend, and sending for their brethren in religious 
 profession and some others, they had a meeting 
 with them in the evening. On seventh-day, the 
 21st, they had two meetings in the yard of a house 
 in the place, at which many were convinced of the 
 truth, even some of those who had been wild and 
 turbulent. The next day they were at a meeting 
 previously appointed in the Isle of Ely. It was large, 
 there being, as was supposed, seven hundred persons
 
 EDWARD BFEEOTTGH. 73 
 
 present. The father of Cromwell's son-in-law, B.US- 
 sel, a colonel in the army, who resided near, sent 
 two priests to the meeting, probably to dispute 
 with them. But so clearly did the two Friends set 
 forth the spirituality of the Gospel, and unfold the 
 way of life, that the priests were confounded, and 
 had nothing to say. Their hearts were touched, 
 and on returning to Russel they told him the 
 Quakers were far before them. On this the colonel 
 invited Edward and Francis to his house, where 
 they went, and had a kind reception. When the 
 family gathered about them, they were afresh quali- 
 fied to preach to them, in the demonstration of the 
 Spirit and with power. Some of those present were 
 seriously affected, and the colonel's wife wept freely. 
 
 The next day the colonel sent them word, if they 
 would go to the house of one of the priests, whom 
 he had sent to dispute with them, who was an 
 Independent, he would send the priest word, and 
 acquaint his congregation. This message they 
 received with gladness, and had a satisfactory 
 meeting, at which were the colonel's family, the 
 public preachers of the parish, and many of the 
 people. The Lord whom they served was near 
 them by the word of his grace, and qualified them 
 to speak the truth, with boldness and convincing 
 power. The priests hung their heads in confusion, 
 but the hearts of the people, being in measure 
 opened by the Lord's good Spirit, they greeted the 
 Friends in love. 
 
 Early in the third month, we find them once
 
 74 MEMOIR OP 
 
 more in London, labouring with their elder brother, 
 George Fox. On third-day, the 8th of third 
 month, Edward and Francis had a dispute with 
 "the chief of the Baptists" in London, and the 
 next day with " two of the chief of the Water 
 Baptists." Of these meetings, Alexander Parker 
 writes : " Many of their hearers who are not satis- 
 fied came, and some of our Friends, and the power 
 of the Lord was over them ; though they are a very 
 wise and subtle generation, yet the Lord, by his 
 wisdom in weak ones, confounds and overturns 
 them. A great shatter is among all the forms and 
 gathered churches, as they are called; and many 
 are inquiring after the truth." 
 
 As Edward and Francis were returning from 
 their tour, they addressed, from Cambridge, a letter 
 to James Parnell, which, it would seem, recom- 
 mended him to remember the awakened ones in the 
 Isle of Ely. To this letter he replied, under date 
 of third month, 18th, acknowledging the love which 
 dictated it, and the evidence it bore of care and 
 wisdom. Soon after receiving it, he went to the 
 Isle of Ely, and had various meetings. At Ely 
 town many were convinced. Of Littleport in the 
 Isle he says, "there are about sixty that are 
 brought to meet together, in that town alone." 
 At Soham, he also had an open opportunity of pro- 
 claiming the truth to the people, who received the 
 word gladly, and many were convinced. 
 
 On the 21st of third month, Francis Howgill, 
 writing to Margaret Fell, says : " Pray for us, for
 
 EDWAED BUEEOTJGH. 75 
 
 our work is doubled, our care is doubled ; but our 
 strength is also renewed. The work is great in 
 this city, but even few are fitted for it. The last 
 first-day (20th) there were ten meetings in the city, 
 and the work lieth upon George Fox and us two. 
 Here are a precious people ; [they] grow up in 
 wisdom and life, and many are added. All the 
 priests, and all the gathered congregations in the 
 city preach against us, and are bent in great rage, 
 and print lies, and incense people much. Edward 
 Burrough and I have ordinarily two public disputes 
 with the heads of them. They lose their members 
 so fast, they know not what to do ; yet the city is 
 pretty calm and quiet ; and wisdom begins to grow 
 among Friends, and divers are moved to go forth 
 in the ministry. Two young men and two young 
 women are moved to go to Barbadoes out of the 
 city." " Here are many Friends come up about 
 tithes. There are nearly thirty in the city, and 
 much care lieth upon us to order them, and for the 
 brethren abroad that are in the work of the Lord, 
 or in bonds." " Our liberty here is of much 
 advantage to all of the churches of Christ every- 
 where ; glory be to him that preserveth us in his 
 bosom, and under the shadow of his wing." 
 
 On the 29th of third month, these two Gospel 
 labourers left London, visiting Friends and holding 
 meetings in various parts of Norfolk and Suffolk. 
 But little account of this journey has been pre- 
 served. 
 
 Oliver Cromwell, now Protector of England, was
 
 76 MEMOIB OF 
 
 conscious that the standing he had assumed could 
 only be maintained by skill and energy. The 
 Presbyterians were dissatisfied with him, as well as 
 the Episcopalians and Eoman Catholics ; and the 
 Independents themselves were not hearty in his 
 support. They were zealously attached to a repub- 
 lican form of government, and Oliver gave evidence 
 of an attempt to assume monarchical powers, even 
 if prudence should deter him from taking on himself 
 a kingly title. In this situation he displayed his 
 wonted vigour of mind. It would be foreign to 
 this work, to trace the manner in which he quelled 
 insurrection, and secured and increased his power. 
 But one of his acts, intended to support his usurp- 
 ations, occasioned much suffering to the Society of 
 Friends. "With the sanction of his council, he 
 issued a proclamation, directing that an oath, abjur- 
 ing " Popish Supremacy," should be required of 
 the people of England. Whilst George Fox, Edward 
 Burrough, Francis Howgill, and other concerned 
 Friends were in London, during the early part of 
 the third month [this year], they prepared " a decla- 
 ration against popery." This was intended to show, 
 that though they could take no oaths to evidence 
 their feelings, they were yet opposed to all popery, 
 popish rites and observances, whether found in the 
 church of Eome, or in those called Reformed 
 churches. 
 
 This declaration commences with showing that 
 the people of God, in scorn called Quakers, could 
 not swear, because they observed the doctrine of
 
 EDWAED BTJEEOUGH. 77 
 
 Christ Jesus and his Apostles, who said, " Swear not 
 at all; neither by heaven, neither by the earth, 
 neither by any other oath ; but let your yea be yea, 
 and your nay, nay ; lest ye fall into condemnation." 
 It then stated, that they denied and condemned 
 all popish ways and supremacy of the Catholic 
 church, and in confirmation of this condemnation 
 alluded to the many Friends who had suffered in 
 England, under laws made to protect the Jesuits, 
 crucifixes, and images, which laws the priests of 
 nominally Reformed churches now kept as their 
 guard. They bear a decided testimony against 
 that power in England which would force men's 
 consciences, either to take oaths, or to conform 
 to their outward established ordinances. " Bread 
 and wine," say they, " are carnal ; which our Lord 
 Jesus Christ's body is not, but is precious. He 
 saw no corruption, and is a mystery ; which bread 
 and wine are not, let them consecrate them ever 
 so." " We deny the sacrament, for we know there 
 is no Scripture for it. The Lord's supper is not 
 carnal. He will make his abode with us, and sup 
 with us. His body is glorious, and not beggarly 
 elements, as outward bread and wine. This is the 
 blood of Jesus, which washeth away our sins ; 
 and this is the body of Jesus, which makes us free 
 from the law. So we do deny and condemn all that 
 worship, that sacrament of elements of bread and 
 wine, and that supper which stands in those things. 
 We witness Christ to be come, who is the sum and 
 substance, and need not have a remembrance of
 
 78 MEMOIR OF 
 
 any element. We which be dead with Christ, live 
 in his life, from [out of] the beggarly elements. 
 Again, we deny that there is any purgatory, and 
 declare against it, knowing the blood of Jesus, 
 which cleanseth from sin ; and Him who takes away 
 our sin, and destroys the works of the devil." 
 " We do deny all their consecrated host, crucifixes, 
 and images, and they are not to be worshipped." 
 " We declare against the Papists, and them which 
 say salvation is to be merited by works, for then it 
 is not of faith in him, who was not born by the will 
 of man. We deny the word merit, and know that 
 man doth not attain anything by his will." " Who 
 are in Christ, are new creatures. To them there is 
 no condemnation, who walk not after the flesh, but 
 after the spirit. So every one shall have a reward 
 according to his works, whether they be good or 
 evil." 
 
 After warning the people of England against 
 persecution, and giving two instances of suffering 
 for not swearing, they sum up the declaration by 
 saying, they deny " the Pope, and his supremacy 
 and authority over the Catholic church in general, 
 and over every one of themselves in particular. 
 And do believe and know, that there is not any 
 transubstantiation in the called sacrament of the 
 Lord's supper, or in the element of bread and wine, 
 after consecration thereof by any person whatsoever. 
 They and every of them, the people of God 
 called Quakers, do believe and know that there is 
 not any purgatory ; and that the consecrated host,
 
 EDWABD BUBROUGH. 79 
 
 crucifixes, or images, ought not to be worshipped, 
 neither that any worship is due to any of them. 
 They and every of them also believe and know, 
 that salvation cannot be merited by works, and all 
 doctrines and affirmations of the said points we do 
 renounce and witness against. They do deny all 
 equivocation, mental reservation, and secret evasion 
 whatsoever ; speaking the words of truth in plain- 
 ness by the help of God; and in so doing are perse- 
 cuted, stoned, stocked, mocked, reproached, and 
 imprisoned, by those who cannot endure plainness 
 of speech, who are equivocators, mental reservers, 
 and secret evaders." 
 
 Anthony Pearson, Gervase Benson, and Thomas 
 Aldam took a copy of this declaration and presented 
 it to Oliver Cromwell, on the 28th of the third 
 month. They told him that though the oath of 
 abjuration was given forth for Baptists to take, yet 
 many corrupt justices, knowing that Friends could 
 not swear, would make a spoil of them, by tendering 
 it to them. Oliver replied, "It was never intended 
 for them : I never so intended it." He was very 
 moderate in his demeanour towards the Friends, 
 and promised to read the papers they brought.
 
 80 MEMOIB OF 
 
 CHAPTEE V. 
 
 Our the 10th of the fourth month, 1655, Edward 
 Burrough felt an impression on hia mind, that it 
 would be right for him to pay a religious visit to 
 the inhabitants of Ireland. By a memorandum he 
 made on the occasion, it appears, he received a pro- 
 mise that his life should be preserved, although he 
 was required to give up that and all things else, to 
 the keeping of Him who was calling him to this field 
 of labour. 
 
 On the 30th day of the month, he submitted 
 himself to the will of his Divine Master in this 
 matter, and at that time he knew not that his 
 friend Francis Howgill was under a like concern. 
 It was, however, in the ordering of the Lord, that 
 these two Friends should perform at least part of 
 this service together. He had caused a similar 
 concern to take hold of the mind of Francis 
 Howgill, to whom he gave an inward assurance 
 that Edward Burrough should accompany him. 
 The prospect thus clearly opened to both was soon 
 afterwards entered on. Francis Howgill came to 
 London in the fourth month, where he probably 
 found Edward Burrough. A great change had 
 taken place in the condition of Friends, throughout 
 England. Persecution had arisen almost every, 
 where, and most of the active ministers were now 
 in bonds. To use the language of F. Howgill,
 
 EDWABD BTJBBOUGUI. 81 
 
 " Our army is most scattered and broken, and cast 
 into prison. I know none almost at liberty but 
 George [Fox] and Alexander [Parker], Edward, 
 I, and Gervase ; except John Stubbs and William 
 Caton, John Wilkinson and John Story, and it is 
 like they cannot be long out ; yet truly the power 
 of the Lord is over all. The work of the Lord is 
 great, and goes on fast, notwithstanding all the 
 rage of the heathen." "Edward Burrough is gone 
 to Edmondsbury. I shall take care for the supply 
 of Friends in these parts, while I am here ; and 
 truly I fear, lest the burden should be heavy upon 
 the north, for the charge is great, and our camp 
 great." Having received a packet of letters to 
 deliver from Margaret Fell, he writes to her, 
 " those to Oliver Cromwell are both delivered into 
 his hand, but he is full of subtilty and deceit ; will 
 speak fair, but he hardens his heart, and acts 
 secretly underneath." 
 
 The two travellers intending for Ireland took 
 Swarthmore in their way, that they might be re- 
 freshed with Margaret Fell's company. From 
 thence they went to Warrington, where, on the 
 8th of fifth month, they had " an exceeding great 
 meeting." Going to Chester, they visited the 
 prisons, and stayed one night in the town. They 
 sailed the next day, but had a tedious passage of 
 two days, the wind being at first contrary, and 
 afterwards but light. On fifth-day, the 12th, they 
 had a meeting at Dublin, in the house of a Captain 
 Rich, and on the following first-day, at the resi- 
 G
 
 82 MEMOIE OF 
 
 dence of a Captain Alan. Many persons attended, 
 and were quiet listeners. F. Howgill says of the 
 captains, " they are loving, but there is not much 
 in them." Edward Burrough went several times 
 to the house of Deputies, and spoke to Fleetwood, 
 who was moderate with him. They had pretty full 
 meetings on first-days, but say of the inhabitants 
 of Dublin, "they are a careless, dissolute, proud 
 people." Beneficial effects, however, appear to 
 have attended their labours in that place, some of 
 their hearers being convinced of the truth. 
 
 Soon after arriving in Dublin, Edward ad- 
 dressed the following epistle to Friends in London, 
 viz. : 
 
 " A General Epistle to Friends in London. 
 
 " My dear beloved friends and brethren, in the 
 everlasting unerring truth, of which you are made 
 partakers, who are called of God to be witnesses 
 of His name, and of His truth ; with my dear love 
 I do salute you, dearly and tenderly, and all the 
 rest of the begotten of God, in that city, whom 
 my soul longeth after, [even for] your growth in 
 the inward man. The Everlasting Father strengthen 
 you, and refresh you with living streams from 
 his presence; and his love and power and grace 
 be multiplied among you, unto whom he hath 
 opened a door, and made an entrance into the true 
 rest, which remaineth for you, unto which the 
 Lord of glory is gathering you, and leading you,
 
 EDWABD BUBROUGH. 83 
 
 and carrying you as lambs in his arms, into the 
 fold of everlasting refreshing. 
 
 " My dear hearts, walk worthy of the love of 
 God, wherewith he hath loved you, and let your 
 lights show forth into the world, that your good 
 works they may see, who watch over you with an 
 evil eye. Dear friends, to you that believe, He 
 who is the light of the world is precious. There- 
 fore, in the light wait, that your understandings 
 may be opened, and your feet prepared to walk in 
 the ways of the Lord, which to all the children of 
 light are pleasant ways. Be not entangled with 
 any yoke of bondage, which may burden you from 
 running the race that is set before you ; but in the 
 death of all [that is] mortal stand, and there the 
 life of immortality you will see and witness, and 
 the daily food you will receive, to that Life which 
 the love of the world doth crucify. 
 
 " Do you not know that the friendship of this 
 world is at enmity against God ? But you are called 
 not to serve the world, but God, who is the light, 
 and the world must serve you ; so take heed lest 
 your affections, and desires, and hearts be drawn 
 aside from the pure way of life into that which is 
 visible, which will not endure for ever ; for that life 
 is death, and that glory is shame. In the light I 
 read you, and do behold many pleasant plants 
 springing up in the garden of God; and I bear 
 you record, some of you have laid your crowns 
 down at the Lamb's feet, and have scorned the 
 glory of Babylon and Egypt ; surely your reward 
 G 2
 
 84 MEMOIR OF 
 
 will be everlasting, and your cups will the Lord fill 
 in the sight of your enemies, and your glory shall 
 be above the glory of the earth, and your crowns 
 shall never wither. 
 
 " Therefore, press on, and look not back ; spare 
 not the fat, nor the best from slaughter, but to the 
 sword bring all your enemies, which have been 
 they of your own house, which have prevailed over 
 you ; but now the Lord is arising among you, and 
 you have seen the shaking of the earth, and the 
 heavens, and the darkness of the sun, and the 
 falling of the stars; therefore wait to the end, 
 that the crown of immortality you may wear. The 
 day begins to dawn among you, therefore put off 
 every work of the night, and walk all in the day ; 
 for ye are the light of the world, and a city set 
 upon a hill, which cannot be hid. The Lord prosper 
 you, and preserve you, and be with your spirits, 
 and establish you. Amen. 
 
 " EDWAED BUHBOUGH. 
 
 " Dublin, the 14th of the Fifth month, 1655." 
 
 After they had been about three weeks in Dublin, 
 Francis Howgill felt a concern to travel to the 
 south-west, believing there was religious service 
 for him in that part of Ireland. He writes, 
 " But now, my beloved yoke-fellow and I must 
 part, who have borne the yoke so long together, 
 the cross is great, in so strange and barbarous a 
 nation ; yet it is not so great, as if any other had 
 parted us: in the will of God we are. I am
 
 EDWABD BURBOUGH. 85 
 
 moved to go a hundred miles west in the nation 
 towards Cork ; there is a service and a people to 
 be gathered that way ; and at Kinsale, and Bandon- 
 bridge, at the end of the land. Edward Burrough 
 must stay here, for this city we cannot leave yet ; 
 but I am given up to lay down all for Him, who 
 hath made me a conqueror ; glory unto Him for 
 evermore." 
 
 In the latter part of the sixth month, or the 1st 
 of the seventh month, Francis departed from 
 Dublin, being accompanied by Edward Cook, a 
 cornet in the Protector's own troop. Edward was 
 an inhabitant of Bandon, but had been convinced 
 at Dublin, under the ministry of these two Friends, 
 and now he was willing to do what he could 
 towards furthering their Grospel labours. Perhaps, 
 in going with Francis to the south, he might have 
 had a view of drawing him to his own house at 
 Bandon, in hopes that his beloved wife might also 
 be led thereby to a knowledge of what he now 
 considered the truth. "Whatever his views were, it 
 pleased the Lord his Saviour to grant that his 
 wife also might have her spiritual eyes anointed to 
 see things as he saw them. Both of them were 
 afterwards faithful sufferers for the truth. 
 
 Edward Burrough remained in Dublin, and, soon 
 after his companion left him, he thus wrote to 
 Margaret Fell : " With heaviness of spirit I write 
 unto thee, yea, and with my eyes full of tears ; for 
 I am separated outwardly from my dear beloved 
 brother, Francis Howgill, who was my right-hand
 
 86 MEMOIE OF 
 
 man in the war, before whom many Philistines 
 have fallen. And truly, when I consider what the 
 Lord hath done by us, my heart is rent and broken. 
 Many glorious days we enjoyed, and many pleasant 
 hours we had together, in dividing the spoil of our 
 enemies ; for our hand was always strong in battle, 
 and our ensign was lifted up above our enemies, 
 and even thousands have fallen on our right hand, 
 and on our left. But according to the will of God, 
 we are now separated ; he into the west of this 
 nation, one hundred or six score miles from Dublin, 
 where I must stay a season, for aught I see, and 
 truly under great suffering, for few are here that 
 hunger after God, and blindness and deafness have 
 possessed all. Little Elizabeth Fletcher* is at 
 present here, but I know not how long she stays ; 
 her dear love is to thee, and to all the flock of 
 God. Truly I suffer for her, she being as it were 
 alone, having no other woman with her in this 
 ravenous nation, where it is very bad travelling 
 every way a-foot, and also dangerous ; but we are 
 much above all that. If it were the will of the 
 Lord, that any woman were moved to come over to 
 her, it might be serviceable. 
 
 " I was glad that Francis Howgill had so good 
 an opportunity of passing on his journey ; he went 
 with a cornet and some others, who were very 
 
 * Elizabeth Smith afterwards arrived in Dublin, and joining 
 company with Elizabeth Fletcher, they then went out into 
 various parts of the country, labouring successfully, as they 
 found ability, even amid much oppression and abuse.
 
 EDWARD BUEBOTTGH. 87 
 
 loving to us, and came to meetings while they 
 stayed in the city." 
 
 " Let thy prayers be to the Everlasting Father 
 for us, that his dread may go along with us, over 
 all." "As thou canst, at opportunity, write to us, 
 it will make me glad ; the face of one Friend would 
 rejoice my soul." In a postscript he adds : " Here 
 is a Friend come from England since I wrote this, 
 from Oxford, who saith he was moved to come, and 
 I believe it. I am refreshed by him." This Friend 
 from Oxford was, without doubt, Thomas Loe. 
 
 Edward Burrough was diligently employed in 
 Dublin, in waiting on his ministry, and writing to 
 his friends and others. 
 
 In a general epistle to his brethren in England, 
 written while in that city, he says : 
 
 " To the Camp of the Lord in England. 
 
 " To all you called, chosen and beloved of the 
 Lord, who are of the circumcision made without 
 hands, of the seed of Abraham, who are Jews 
 indeed, not after the flesh, but in the spirit ; unto 
 whom belongs the everlasting promise and covenant, 
 which God hath, and is fulfilling in you, and esta- 
 blishing with you. We your fellow-citizens of 
 the heavenly Jerusalem, which is the mother of us 
 all, and of the same body, and of the same seed 
 and same birth, begotten and brought forth by the 
 immortal word of life, which lives for ever, do send 
 greeting, and do embrace you in the arms of our
 
 88 MEMOIE OP 
 
 Beloved, who is, and is to come, God blessed for 
 ever. You who are called Quakers, who are so, 
 not only in word, or in show, but in life and in 
 power ; whom God hath called and chosen to place 
 his name in, and to take up his habitation among, 
 above all the families of the earth ; the tabernacle 
 of God is with you, his dwelling place is among 
 you, and among you is God known, and his name 
 is great in your assemblies. 
 
 " We who are of the same root and offspring, do 
 bring in our witness, and do set to our seal, that 
 God of a truth is with you and among you ; and he 
 is the God of the living that answers by fire. He 
 is the I Am, and there is none besides him, the 
 first and the last, the beginning and the end of all 
 things. 
 
 " Praise him for ever, ye redeemed of him ; lift 
 up your heads, your Redeemer is come ; clap your 
 hands, and shout for joy, and let the everlasting 
 praises of God be in your mouths for ever and ever. 
 Exalt ye his name above all gods, and glorify him 
 in the sight of all the heathen, and let his mar- 
 vellous works stand upon record from generation to 
 generation. 
 
 " Wonderful hath his work been among you, and 
 that my soul knows right well; you that were 
 scattered in the cloudy and dark day, and were a 
 prey for the wild beasts of the forest, and were 
 driven away as lost sheep in the wilderness, hath 
 God gathered into the fold, to lie down by the 
 springs of living water in fat pastures for evermore.
 
 EDWABD BT7EEOTJGH. 89 
 
 " Tour bread is sure, and your water never fails ; 
 a feast of fat things is made unto you, of wines well 
 refined ; the Lord is become the lot of your inhe- 
 ritance, and the portion of your cup for ever. 
 
 " Tour crowns have you laid down at the feet of 
 the Lamb, and your lives and liberties have not 
 been dear unto you ; and let this never repent you, 
 for now the Lord will exalt you, and crown you 
 with immortal glory. 
 
 " The everlasting Day-star is risen among you, 
 which gives light unto the nations ; and the light 
 of the sun is as the light of seven days ; and there 
 is no need of a candle in your dwelling, but the 
 Lamb is the light thereof; fair as the moon, clear 
 as the sun ; yea, it is he which was dead and is 
 alive, and behold he lives for evermore. Praise 
 him, all ye people ; praise ye him, ye holy host ; let 
 all that hath breath praise him for ever. Who can 
 express his noble acts ? And who can declare his 
 wondrous works ? Oh, my soul is ravished, and 
 my heart is overcome ! let me speak, that I may be 
 refreshed, and let me declare his wonders among 
 all people. 
 
 " The Lord is our king, our judge, our lawgiver, 
 and our rock of defence. Just is he in his judg- 
 ments, who hath avenged us of our enemies ; mercy 
 and judgment meet, righteousness and peace do 
 embrace each other. Rejoice for evermore, ye saints 
 of the Most High, and tell it to your children, that 
 they may tell to another generation, what the Lord 
 hath wrought among you, and what his hand hath
 
 90 MEMOIB OP 
 
 brought to pass. Salvation is come, and plenteous 
 redemption, and the dead hath heard the voice of 
 the Son of God, and liveth. 
 
 " Let sorrow and mourning flee away, and be ye 
 comforted ye that have mourned, and be ye refreshed, 
 ye that have been weary ; for God hath opened 
 the everlasting fountain, and the streams run 
 pleasantly, which refresh the city of our God. He 
 is come, and his reward is with him, even he for 
 whom we have waited; this is he, who is our 
 life, our peace, and our exceeding great reward. 
 The light of the world is our Saviour, but the 
 world's condemner; our peace, but the world's 
 torment. Glad tidings, glad tidings ! The accept- 
 able year is come ; praise ye the Lord, ye sons and 
 daughters of Sion ; beautiful is your dwelling place, 
 and aboundeth with pleasant fruit, for you are 
 digged and pruned and enclosed, a garden of lovely 
 branches. 
 
 " Let the wonders of the Lord never be forgotten, 
 nor his works pass out of your remembrance, for 
 he hath wounded and healed, killed and made alive, 
 raised the dead and slain the living, brought out of 
 captivity and bound with chains, gathered and scat- 
 tered, brought low and exalted, saved and condemned. 
 All this hath your eye seen, and your ear heard ; 
 and the heavens and the earth have been burned 
 as a scroll, and the indignation of the Lord you 
 have borne ; but the winter is past, and the summer 
 is come, and the turtle dove, and the singing of birds 
 is heard in our land. O magnify his name for ever.
 
 EDWABD BTJBEOUGH. 91 
 
 " You are made vessels of honour wherein the 
 everlasting treasure abideth, which never waxeth 
 old. The voice of the bridegroom is heard among you, 
 and how can you have any more sorrow ? Instead 
 of weeping, rejoicing ; and instead of heaviness of 
 heart, fulness of everlasting joy. The Lord hath 
 fulfilled his promise and made good his word, 
 and his law and covenant is with you. From you 
 doth the law go forth, and the powerful word of 
 life and death soundeth out of your dwelling, and 
 you are God's witnesses, to testify of him in the 
 presence of all nations, some of you by suffering, 
 and some by declaring. Oh, endless love, and life, 
 and riches ! An eternal crown is upon your heads, 
 and your suffering, which hath not been a little, 
 is not worthy to be compared with the glory that 
 is and shall be revealed. I speak to you who have an 
 ear to hear. My soul is comforted in you, in the 
 midst of my burdens and sufferings, who am sepa- 
 rated from you outwardly, yet joined and united to 
 you by the spirit, which is unlimited, which doth 
 comprehend all nations. I behold your beauty 
 afar off, and my heart is ravished with it, and I am 
 sick of love ; let his works praise him for ever, which 
 he hath wrought, for his dwelling is with you in 
 the light, unto which no mortal eye can approach. 
 
 " The new Jerusalem is come down from heaven, 
 and no unclean can enter ; but you are made white 
 with the blood of the Lamb, and purged as silver, 
 and purified as gold in the burning ; and unto you 
 an entrance is given, and the way is prepared, and
 
 92 MEMOIR OF 
 
 the marriage of the Lamb is come, and his wife hath 
 made herself ready, and the way of the Lord is 
 pleasant to you, and his commands are not grievous. 
 No unclean thing can pass over, no lion's whelp 
 can tread therein, but it is called the way of holiness, 
 where only the ransomed of the Lord do walk ; even 
 your mountain is established upon the tops of all 
 hills, and all nations shall flow into it. Sing praises 
 for ever, for the kingdom of endless peace is come, 
 which passeth understanding, and of glory which 
 no mortal eye can behold, and of life which no flesh 
 can live in. 
 
 " Oh, my beloved, come up hither, and I will show 
 you what God hath done for you. He hath 
 rebuked the sea, and driven back the floods of 
 waters which compassed you about, and he hath 
 scattered your enemies with a whirlwind, and he 
 hath given you to feed upon the flesh of kings and 
 of captains. Can you call to mind the doings of 
 your God, and his marvellous works brought to pass, 
 and not cry out in praises for evermore ? O drink 
 and be refreshed, and eat and be satisfied for ever, 
 and let your soul delight itself in fatness ; the 
 planting of the Lord you are, and his own purchased 
 possession. He hath separated you from the world, 
 and hath called you out of kindreds, and ye are the 
 royal seed of the offspring of the Lord Almighty, 
 and all nations shall call you blessed. 
 
 " And thou north of England, who art counted 
 as desolate and barren, and reckoned the least of 
 the nations, yet in thee did the branch spring, and
 
 EDWAED BUEBOUGH. 93 
 
 the star arise, which gives light unto all the regions 
 round about. In thee the Son of Righteousness 
 appeared with wounding and with healing ; and out 
 of thee the terror of the Lord proceeded, which 
 makes the earth to tremble and be removed ; out of 
 thee did those come forth in the name and power 
 of the Most High, who uttered their voices as 
 thunders, and laid their swords on the necks of 
 their enemies, and never returned empty from the 
 slaughter. Though I be as by the waters of 
 Babylon, in a strange land ; and as a pilgrim and 
 stranger, destitute but not forsaken ; as dying, but 
 behold I live ; yet if I forget thee, let my right 
 hand forget her cunning, and let my name be 
 blotted out of the book of life. how I love the 
 holy seed, which in my eye is precious ! No man 
 can hinder my boasting of thee, for I am sealed 
 among you in the record of eternal life, to be read 
 among you in the light where I am known to you, 
 and where my unity stands with you in the love 
 and life which never changes, and you are my 
 mother, and my brother and sister, who do the will 
 of my Father. 
 
 " Our God is a consuming fire, and his habitation 
 is compassed about with dread and terror. The 
 heathen shall see and fear, and the inhabitants of 
 the earth shall tremble. Our God is everlasting 
 burnings, and it is tempestuous round about his 
 throne, and he reigns for evermore ; and though 
 thou be despised and set at nought, and counted as 
 the off-scouring of all things, and the scorn of the
 
 94 MEMOIR OF 
 
 heathen, yet thy King reigns upon mount Sion, 
 and if he utter his voice, all flesh shall tremble. 
 Before him thy adversaries shall fall, and thy perse- 
 cutors shall be confounded, for thou shalt never be 
 forgotten of thy God, but with his arm will he 
 defend thee and compass thee about, and thy 
 seed shall be increased. Thou, Jerusalem, shalt be 
 made the praise of the whole earth, for among you 
 is laid the sure foundation, and the tried stone, 
 Christ Jesus the light of the world, in whom you 
 have believed, which unto the nations is a stumbling 
 stone, but unto you precious. 
 
 " Bring in your testimony, and set to your seal ; 
 is there salvation in any other, but in him who is 
 the light of the world ? Nay, there is no redemp- 
 tion wrought but by him, nor any deliverance but 
 through him. His is the kingdom, the power and 
 the glory, and he is become all in all. You are no 
 more of this world, but are of the chosen genera- 
 tion, and of the royal priesthood ; a people redeemed, 
 unto whom there is none like among the thousands 
 of Israel and Judah, whose Grod is the Lord, whose 
 Saviour is the Prince of Righteousness, who covers 
 your heads in the day of battle, and smites your 
 enemies in the hinder parts ; and wounds them in 
 the forehead. 
 
 " And now, my beloved, let His name be had in 
 remembrance for evermore, and let His praises be 
 declared throughout ages to come, and walk you 
 worthy of His everlasting love, wherewith He hath 
 loved you more than your brethren. Let His name
 
 EDWABD BUBROUGH. 95 
 
 be exalted by righteousness, by purity, and by a 
 blameless life, and bring forth the fruits of right- 
 eousness and peace, and let youc light shine forth 
 into the world, and your good works abound plen- 
 tifully ; for you are as a city set on a hill, and as a 
 lighted candle to shine abroad; and are created 
 unto good works. Let faith, hope, love, and unity, 
 be increased among you ; and let mercy and judg- 
 ment and equity flow down and be established for 
 ever ; never to be removed. Let joy, long-suffering, 
 meekness, and temperance spring out ; and be you 
 perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect. 
 
 " Stand upon your watch-tower, and be not shaken 
 nor drawn aside to follow any other gods, nor to 
 bow to any image, nor join yourselves to strangers. 
 Mingle not with the adulterous generation ; neither 
 take, nor give in marriage with them ; but keep 
 yourselves from the idols of the heathen. Be not 
 defiled with them ; but abide in your strength, you 
 know where it lies, by which you may work good, 
 and be preserved from evil ; and you need not that 
 any man teach you, for you are taught of God, and 
 are far from oppression. 
 
 " Te children of light, worship your Grod for ever, 
 who is light, and in him is no darkness at all, who 
 is the same and changes not, whose mercy endures 
 for ever. Be followers of the Lamb as undefiled 
 virgins, and let your soul scorn the glory of Babylon 
 and Egypt for ever ; for you are not your own, but 
 are bought with a price, no more to serve yourselves, 
 but the Lord of Israel for ever.
 
 96 MEMOIR OF 
 
 " And thou, false prophet, which hast deceived 
 the nations, and scattered the inhabitants thereof, 
 and builded by fraud, and daubed with untempered 
 mortar, thy judgment is past upon thy head 
 already, and the decree of our God is sealed against 
 thee ; thy smoke shall ascend for ever and ever ; 
 and of thy sin there is no forgiveness, and of thy 
 torment no remission. Over you we do, and shall 
 for ever, rejoice and sing, and over your god and 
 your king, the dragon that old serpent ; cursed be 
 he and his memorial for ever. 
 
 " Te lambs of the true Shepherd's fold, with 
 whom my soul resteth, whether ever I behold you 
 outwardly, yet my heart is with you, and I am one 
 of your fold, and I lie down with you under the 
 shadow of the rock, upon the mountain which the 
 beast cannot touch, where we are safe from all our 
 enemies, and am to you well known, to be read in 
 your hearts, in the record of the Lamb's book of 
 life, and known only to the world by the name of 
 " EDWAED BUEEOUOH." 
 
 It was, perhaps, towards the tenth month before 
 he felt released from that city. He appears first 
 to have gone to the north, and then to the south 
 and west, passing through Dublin, and spending 
 two weeks there on his way down. At Kilkenny 
 he spent sixteen days, labouring amongst the in- 
 habitants generally, and being twice amongst the 
 Baptists. He says, "a few in that city received 
 our report." Passing on to "Waterford, he writes
 
 EDWABD BUBBOUGH. 97 
 
 at that place, " Our service lies only in great towns 
 and cities ; for generally the country is without 
 inhabitants, except bands of murderers, and thieves, 
 and robbers, which wait for their prey and devour 
 many; from which yet we are preserved. 1 had 
 great opposition in this city ; five times opposed by 
 the rulers who are Baptists, and once was I tried 
 for a vagabond, and once examined by them for a 
 Jesuit ; but to this day, out of snares and plots am 
 I preserved, and walk as a bird among fowlers' 
 snares, and as an innocent dove which hath no mate ; 
 nay, none unto whom I can open my cause, but the 
 Lord my God only." 
 
 On the 5th of the eleventh month, writing from 
 "Waterford to Margaret Fell, he says, " Sister be- 
 loved, whom I forget not, but do remember with 
 kindness, and of whom I am not forgotten." " We 
 are joint heirs of the incorruptible inheritance of 
 the Son, who in us liveth and worketh of His own 
 will ; in whom we are what we are, and by whom 
 we do what is done ; to Him we give His own, 
 glorifying Him with His own, world without end. 
 Though far distant from one another, yet my love is 
 hereby increased unto all the children of light ; with 
 tears rejoicing in the unity of the Spirit with you 
 all, who am to you a brother and companion in the 
 kingdom and patience of Jesus Christ, and in 
 labours and sufferings more abundant; but as in 
 suffering with Christ I do abound, so my joy by 
 Him and consolation in Him are increased also." 
 " I have not long heard from my chiefest companion, 
 
 H
 
 98 MEMOIR OF 
 
 E. H., whose love in the same measure salutes thee 
 with mine. It is now four months since we parted 
 at Dublin, and what I have said in respect of suffer- 
 ing and trials, he can seal the same with me ; who 
 have been companions in tribulation and in patience, 
 and are now in joy and rejoicing, hoping to receive 
 the end of our labour, and to see the travail of our 
 souls, that we may bring in the [sheep] with us 
 unto the fold, and may return to our camp with 
 victory from our Lord. We have not spared to 
 wound on the right hand and on the left ; and 
 ' Victory, victory,' hath been our word of watch. 
 Though this nation be as a heath in the desert, yet 
 there is a seed and a remnant, for whose sake we 
 are sent. Seldom have I heard from him since [we 
 parted at Dublin]. He is about Cork and Kinsalo 
 and Bandon, sixty or eighty miles from this place ; 
 and he hath written for me to come that way, if I 
 had freedom, for there was service. But yet I have 
 not had freedom to leave these parts, for here is a 
 harvest and but few labourers ; and a war is begun 
 in this nation, and but very few on our part to 
 manage it. 
 
 " Our dear sisters, Elizabeth Fletcher and Eli- 
 zabeth Smith, are also in the west, valiant for the 
 truth ; and some from London arrived at Dublin, 
 who are going into the north of this nation. Of all 
 our work and labour, which is doubled upon us 
 since we parted, have we a reward into our bosoms ; 
 and herein will our joy be more enlarged, to hear 
 how the war prospers in that nation. Write and
 
 EDWABD BUBBOUGH. 99 
 
 let us know, that we may partake with you in your 
 rejoicing ; and assuredly you may praise the living 
 God on our behalf. Here is a great want of books 
 in this nation, which might be very serviceable in 
 spreading forth the truth." 
 
 In the tenth month of this year, a company of 
 priests in the south of Ireland, finding that many 
 of their flocks were leaving them, went to Dublin 
 to obtain some remedy from Henry Cromwell and 
 his council. At their suggestion a warrant was 
 issued, ordering the magistrates to send " all that 
 are called Quakers " to Dublin. A copy was sent 
 to the governor of Kinsale, and another to Colonel 
 Phayre, governor of Cork, and it would appear 
 other magistrates besides were furnished with them. 
 Phayre was convinced that Friends were true 
 Christians, and he declared that more good had 
 been done by those who were then there, " than all 
 the priests in the country had done for a hundred 
 years." He had no mind to meddle in persecuting 
 them, and supposing that he would be able to pro- 
 tect them against other magistrates, he sent a letter 
 privately to Francis Howgill, who was at Kinsale, 
 desiring him to come to Cork. The magistrates to 
 whom the warrants were addressed were not de- 
 sirous of acting, and one, called Major Stoding, was 
 turned out of his commission for refusing to obey 
 it. Many Friends were now imprisoned in Dublin, 
 and a spirit of persecution seemed spreading through 
 the land. Yet, at Cork and Kinsale, the men in 
 authority continued generally favourable to Friends, 
 
 H2
 
 100 MEMOIR OF 
 
 and many officers of the army attended their meet- 
 ings. 
 
 In the eleventh month Edward Burrough went 
 to Cork, where he and Francis Howgill once more 
 joined company. From Cork they went to Limerick, 
 accompanied by James Sicklemore and Edward 
 Cook. They reached that place on a seventh-day 
 of the week. The next day they were not permitted 
 to speak in the public places of worship, and on 
 second-day they were expelled the place. As they 
 rode along on horseback Edward Burrough preached 
 to the people, and after they were outside of the 
 gates he had an opportunity of addressing a great 
 multitude. His three companions each spoke a few 
 words, directing the hearers " to Christ Jesus, a 
 measure of whose light was given to every one to 
 profit withal," and a number of persons were con- 
 vinced that day. 
 
 They also visited Kinsale, where, among other 
 fruits of their labour, Susanna Worth, wife of the 
 priest Edward Worth, who was afterward bishop of 
 that place, was convinced. For her obedience to 
 her conscientious convictions she suffered much at 
 the hands of her husband, but remained a faithful 
 Friend until her death. 
 
 Edward Burrough and Francis Howgill returned 
 to Cork in the twelfth month, where they were 
 arrested by the high sheriff of the county, under a 
 special order from Henry Cromwell and his council. 
 They were taken by armed men from garrison to 
 garrison, until they reached Dublin, having had
 
 EDWAED BTTBBOTTGH. 101 
 
 many opportunities by the way of preaching Christ 
 to the soldiery and others. In Dublin they were 
 committed to the care of Mortimer, the sergeant-at- 
 arms, in whose house they had a large chamber 
 allowed them, where none of their friends were hin- 
 dered from visiting them. 
 
 They arrived at Dublin about the 20th of the 
 twelfth month, and being brought before Henry 
 Cromwell and his council, they were examined, but 
 no charges of any kind were brought against them. 
 They answered with freedom the questions put to 
 them, and Edward Burrough says, " Mighty was 
 the power of the Lord with us, to the confounding 
 of our enemies." Although no cause of imprison- 
 ment could be proved against them, they were kept 
 in close confinement, until forcibly banished from 
 the island. Whilst in confinement, Edward wrote 
 various addresses, one of which, entitled, " The un- 
 just Sufferings of the Just declared, and their 
 appeal to the just witnesses of God in all men's 
 consciences," is here introduced, which is as 
 follows : 
 
 " To all ye colonels, and commanders, and officers, 
 and to all the honest-hearted in the city of Dublin, 
 and elsewhere, to whom this may come. 
 
 " Hereby we, the prisoners of the Lord for the 
 testimony of Jesus, and for the exercise of a pure 
 conscience, do lay down our cause before you ; and 
 to the light of Jesus Christ, in all your consciences, 
 we appeal, in this our cause of righteousness and
 
 102 MEMOIR OF 
 
 innocency, to be judged thereby. "We are men 
 fearing God, and working righteousness, and are 
 friends to the commonwealth of Israel, and are 
 exalters of justice and true judgment in the earth, 
 and are subject to all just power, and every just 
 ordinance of man for conscience sake. We have 
 suffered the loss of all, and have borne part of the 
 burden with you, that we might obtain the freedom 
 of the righteous seed, and the liberty of tender con- 
 sciences, to serve the Lord in his own way. 
 
 " We are well known to the Lord, though 
 strangers to you, and are free-men in the record 
 of heaven, though now sufferers unjustly under 
 your present authority, who have taken the place 
 of exercising lordship over our pure consciences, 
 and have imprisoned us, and endeavoured to give 
 judgment of banishing us, only upon false accusa- 
 tions, and information and slander, without the 
 proof or testimony of any accusation of evil, justly 
 laid to our charge. And to you hereby be it known, 
 that not for evil doing do we thus suffer ; for to this 
 present, no man hath convinced us of any evil, nor 
 justly proved the transgression of any law, martial 
 or civil, against us, though we stand accused of 
 many grievous things, of which we are clearly 
 innocent in the sight of Him that lives for ever, 
 and do nothing more desire herein, but to be tried 
 by the law of equity and righteousness, and judged 
 according thereunto. 
 
 " By virtue of command given unto us, by the 
 Eternal Spirit of the Lord, came we into this land
 
 EDWABD BUEEOUGH, 103 
 
 of Ireland, contrary to the will of man ; not to seek 
 ourselves, nor our own glory, nor to prejudice your 
 nation or government, nor to be hurtful to your 
 commonwealth, but with the message of the Gospel 
 of Christ Jesus we came to turn [people] from 
 darkness to light, and from the power of Satan to 
 the power of God, and to minister the word of 
 reconciliation and salvation freely, without gift or 
 reward, unto lost souls. Hereof God is our 
 witness, and also we have the seals of our ministry, 
 which unto us herein can give testimony by the 
 same Spirit, and this are we ready to seal with our 
 blood. These six months and upwards have we 
 laboured, in travels, and sufferings, and reproaches, 
 and have passed through your cities and towns in 
 soberness ; and in meekness have we preached the 
 kingdom of God, and have holden forth the word 
 of truth, and the testimony of Jesus ; and our lives 
 have we not loved till this day, though sometimes 
 dangers on every side have beset us, that we might 
 hold forth the faith of Jesus, the author of our pro- 
 fession, hi the exercise of a pure conscience, both 
 by doctrine and conversation. Herein are we 
 justified in the sight of God, and who is he that 
 condemns us ? We call heaven and earth to record, 
 and the light in all men's consciences who have 
 heard our doctrine and seen our conversation, to 
 witness for us herein. We challenge all your 
 nation of Ireland, our very enemies, to prove the 
 contrary, though otherwise we stand falsely accused, 
 and falsely reputed to be disturbers and makers of
 
 104 MEMOIB, OF 
 
 disorders, to the breach of public peace, and such 
 like grievous things. 
 
 " Upon the false information hereof, a warrant 
 was issued out from the chief ruler and council of 
 Ireland, and we thereby were apprehended in the 
 city of Cork, and haled by guards, as malefactors, 
 before the council in this city, where none of these 
 false accusations were or could be proved against 
 us, nor of the transgression of any known law 
 could we be convicted. Though occasions were 
 sought against us, yet none could be found ; and 
 though snares were laid for our feet, yet were we 
 not entrapped ; but were cleared in the sight of 
 God, witnessed by the light in all their consciences ; 
 and were found innocent and without reproof in 
 the eye of the Lord. And by our innocency were 
 their orders of false accusation made of none effect ; 
 and we thus far proved to be guiltless before the 
 throne of true judgment. Tet notwithstanding, 
 contrary to the light in their own consciences, and 
 contrary to the just laws of the nation, which afford 
 freedom to the free-born and righteous, were we 
 committed to prison, without conviction, or any 
 guilt charged upon us, or the least appearance of 
 evil towards any man's person. Though falsely 
 accused, yet no true testimony [was] given against 
 us, whereby our boldness in the way of the Lord 
 could be discouraged, as having the testimony of 
 the Spirit of God, bearing us witness in the Holy 
 Ghost, that in all good conscience towards God and 
 towards man we have lived to this day ; also are
 
 EDWARD BTJEEOUGH. 105 
 
 we without reproof in the sight of God and all just 
 men. Though upon search and examination we are 
 found guiltless thus far, yet farther hath the enemy, 
 the devil, prevailed in cruelty against the innocent, 
 that it is endeavoured that we be banished under 
 the account of vagabonds. This last accusation is 
 most false and unrighteous ; for we challenge this 
 of whom have we begged ? or to whom have we 
 been burdensome ? or whose bread have we eaten 
 for nothing ? or what evil have we done ? where is 
 the testimony of your slanders ? But innocently do 
 we suffer these things, bearing reproaches, and 
 binding the cruelty done unto us as chains about 
 our necks, and as crowns upon our heads ; having 
 the assurance, that for well doing we suffer these 
 things from the hands of the rulers, through the 
 lies and slanders of the teachers, who are in Cain's 
 way of persecution, till they have fulfilled their 
 measure of wickedness, and be laid waste as the 
 wilderness. 
 
 " This is our cause, and hereby it comes before 
 you, by the light of Christ in your consciences to 
 be judged, if your hearts be not altogether har- 
 dened, and your minds wholly blinded ; and we lay 
 it at your door to receive sentence from you, and 
 without respect of persons hold forth our guiltless 
 cause before you, not begging any thing from you, 
 but herein to clear our consciences, that you may 
 save yourselves from this untoward generation, whose 
 root is corrupt and whose fruit bitterness. While 
 we have breath from the Lord, we shall bear wit-
 
 106 MEMOIR OF 
 
 ness against injustice, and all cruelty and oppres- 
 sion, and shall appeal to receive justice from the 
 present power that now rules. In the name of the 
 Lord we challenge our privilege of freedom, as 
 being free-born, till we be found guilty by the 
 just law of equity, unto which we are subject for 
 conscience sake, and not to any man's will. By 
 word and writing are we bound, by the law of God, 
 to bear witness against the unjust proceedings 
 herein of the heads and rulers of Dublin, and 
 shall seal our witness against them, and against 
 their unrighteous decrees, in their cruelty against 
 the innocent, with our blood, if thereunto we be 
 called. 
 
 "EDWABD BUEROTJGH. 
 
 " Dublin, the 26th of the Twelfth month, 1655." 
 
 On the 23rd, Edward Burrough sent a general 
 challenge to all the priests in Dublin and its neigh- 
 bourhood, at whose instigation he understood he 
 and his companion were confined, to give them a 
 public meeting, in order to debate the doctrines of 
 either, that so the honest inquirers after truth 
 might be satisfied who were right and who were 
 wrong. Of this paper no notice was taken, but 
 the council, after a few days, issued an order to the 
 mayor of the city that he should send Edward 
 Burrough and Francis Howgill, with all speed, to 
 England. About the last of the year, they were by 
 force placed on board a vessel bound for Chester, at 
 which they arrived, the 2nd of first mouth, 1656.
 
 EDWAKD BURROUGHS. 107 
 
 During the course of this year, Edward Burrough 
 and Francis Howgill addressed several epistles to 
 their brethren in London and other parts of Eng- 
 land, evincing much lively concern for their 
 spiritual welfare and preservation in the unchange- 
 able Truth. The excellent counsel and pertinent 
 exhortation they contain, render them well worthy 
 of a careful perusal. 
 
 Several Epistles to Friends in London : written in 
 the year 1655, by Edward Burrough, some of 
 which were subscribed by Francis Howgill, who 
 was fellow-labourer ivith him in the work of the 
 Lord. 
 
 " Friends of G-od in the truth, whom the Lord is 
 gathering as desolate stones to build unto himself a 
 habitation ; whom the Lord is bringing back out of 
 captivity, wherein you have been held under the 
 chains of darkness, in the land of the shadow of 
 death ; the Lord is calling you, and choosing you, to 
 place his name in you, and to spread forth his glory 
 among you. Therefore, all dear Friends, whose 
 hearts the Lord hath touched by his love and by 
 his power, be faithful unto God who hath called 
 you ; and look not out at any thing that is mortal, 
 to draw you from the obedience of the eternal light 
 of Jesus Christ which shines clearly in darkness. 
 Resist not the drawing of the Father, but take up 
 the cross, and abide in it daily, that your wills may be 
 crucified, in which the ground of enmity lodges.
 
 108 MEMOIB OF 
 
 "Wait in the fear of the Lord, in singleness of heart 
 and in simplicity of mind, for the powerful appear- 
 ance of the Son of God to be revealed in you, to 
 destroy the works of the devil ; for where He is not 
 witnessed, the works of the devil stand, and the 
 nature of the earthly man in the fall. 
 
 "All of you whose minds are turned within, 
 where the pearl and the lost money is to be found, 
 dwell and walk in the pure fear and obedience to 
 that Spirit of God which is made manifest in you 
 and made known unto you, and there will peace 
 flow in from the presence of the Lord unto you, 
 and refreshment and strength to the seed, and the 
 pure will live, and the corrupt will die daily. 
 
 " Beware, every one that have put their hands to 
 the plough, that you look not back at any thing 
 which you have left behind in the world, but press 
 on in the strait way, which is the light which gives 
 no liberty to the fleshly man, but which judges and 
 condemns all that hate it and turn from it. The 
 light is the way that leads to life, and by it, as you 
 wait in it, the life will be made manifest, which is 
 immortal, and your redemption will be witnessed. 
 Dwell in the judgment and in the burning, that the 
 dross may be consumed, and the pure may be 
 refined, and the earthly carnal minds may be con- 
 founded and judged. The Lord is near unto you ; 
 wait for his powerful presence in his own light to 
 see him, and in it to comprehend all the world, 
 with all its profession, which leads not to God, but 
 keeps in the separation from God. Tour way is
 
 EDWABD BTJRBOUGH. 109 
 
 near ; walking in the light you will see it, and in 
 the light vou will see all the paths and all the ways 
 which lead into the chambers of death. 
 
 " Look not out at words, for that which feeds 
 there is for the famine; but dwell in the light, 
 joining with the immortal principle, which receives 
 nourishment from the eternal fountain, which the 
 world knows not, nor comprehends. As you grow 
 in the pure, and in the life, so you are unknown to 
 the world, and your growth will appear by your 
 obedience in the cross of Christ. [Leave] off 
 stumbling at the cross ; for such [as do] have no 
 part in the eternal inheritance ; but walk in the 
 cross, which is life to the new man, and death to 
 the old, and so through death life is made manifest, 
 and the pure life of God arising in all, the world 
 will be trampled upon and denied by you. But 
 such amongst you that choose the world, wrath 
 from God I declare against you; and you who 
 know the way, and cast off the truth, and for the 
 love of that which is visible turn from the truth, 
 you cannot escape the damnation of hell. 
 
 " So, all dear and tender hearts, abide in the 
 counsel of God, and let not the world overcome 
 your minds, but wait for a daily victory over it, 
 that so you may with the saints possess the eternal 
 riches, and that in you which is carnal and corrupt 
 may be overcome by that which is eternal and holy, 
 as you abide and walk in the truth, and grow up in 
 the knowledge of the eternal God. So our joy will 
 be fulfilled in you, and our rejoicing will be increased
 
 110 MEMOIE OF 
 
 by you. Therefore, walk and live in that which 
 God hath made manifest in you, which is of him- 
 self; and the eternal God of life and power prosper 
 you, and lead you up unto himself, to dwell and 
 walk in his love for evermore. 
 
 " Be not troubled at the rage of the world, nor at 
 temptations, but stand in the will of God, which 
 hath been declared amongst you ; that you may all 
 be established and guided by that which is not of 
 this world, but by the principle of life, which is 
 eternal, which judges all the fruits and grounds of 
 darkness. Our love salutes you all who walk in 
 the truth, and our prayers are for you, that life 
 may spring up in you, to praise the Lord for ever. 
 
 "We are servants unto you, and unto all the 
 elect seed of God everywhere, for whose sakes we 
 give ourselves to be spent. 
 
 " EDWAED BUEEOUGH. 
 " FEANCIS HOWGILL." 
 
 " Friends, whose minds are turned to the Lord, 
 by that which is pure, which comes from him who 
 is the light of the world ; all mind it, that with it 
 your minds may be turned to him, from whence it 
 comes, out of all the perishing things, and out of 
 all the visible to the invisible, that so you may all 
 come to know the word of the Lord, which endures 
 for ever ; which is as a fire and a hammer, which 
 breaks down the mountains, and burns up and de- 
 stroys all that is acted in that nature which leads
 
 EDWARD BFBBOUGH. Ill 
 
 into transgression, and into the curse from God. 
 Therefore, dear Friends, who have tasted of his 
 power, dwell in his fear, and keep your ininds from 
 gadding abroad, from that which hath discovered 
 the lusts and filthiness of your minds, and turned 
 your minds from these things and from that nature 
 that rules in the children of disobedience. So you 
 may all come to know the life, and that He may 
 lead you, and direct all your minds in his fear and 
 wisdom, that so you may be preserved out of those 
 paths that lead to destruction, and out of all the 
 deceitful profession of the world. In the light of 
 Christ you will see the rise and ground of all de- 
 ceivers and dreamers, and all them that speak their 
 own imaginations, and yet boast of great things, 
 and strive and contend about words, and feed upon 
 wind, and bring no fruit unto God. 
 
 " And all ye that are not of the light, and walk 
 not according to the light, but are lending your 
 ears to such who act and speak in that nature, you 
 turn from your guide which is near, and lend your 
 ears to the wicked, and so walk in darkness. But 
 now you who have tasted of the love and power of 
 God, which the world knows nothing of, in it dwell, 
 and abide in that which hath convinced you, and in 
 that which judgeth you, that so you may witness 
 the fallow ground ploughed up, and the earth shaken, 
 and the rocks rent, and the vail taken away, that 
 so there may be a way for the pure to pass through 
 the earth, and so the earth may waste, and wither, 
 and decay, and the lions may sutfer hunger, and the
 
 112 MEMOIB OF 
 
 gods of the earth may be famished, and the lusts 
 destroyed. 
 
 " All keep low in the fear, and wait in silence 
 upon the Lord, to be near you to direct your minds, 
 and stay and establish you ; and as you have re- 
 ceived the truth, so walk in the truth, we do charge 
 you all in the name of the Lord. Be faithful every 
 one to your measure, and improve and wait for 
 power, and stand in the cross to the earthly, that 
 whatsoever your minds have delighted in, in the 
 first nature, may be denied and crossed. The cross 
 is to the lust ; and as you nourish the lust, and let 
 your minds and wills at liberty, and deny the cross, 
 then that which is pure is vexed and darkened, and 
 so the deceit and lust get up again, and the guide 
 is lost, and condemnation comes upon you. There- 
 fore, all be diligent in the work of the Lord, and 
 watch over your actions, and you will come to see 
 Satan hath many strongholds, and would spare the 
 best and the fat ; but in that which is a cross to 
 all mortal, stand and dwell, that so you may be 
 preserved and kept out of all the snares of the 
 devil. 
 
 " And now take heed of judging the power of the 
 Lord, and be silent and wait, that you may come 
 to see in the light, and be partakers of the same. 
 And all who have tasted of the power, wait, and 
 keep out of imaginations, and thoughts, and false 
 voices, that so the enemy may not be hearkened to, 
 nor the deceit ; but all in the measure wait upon 
 the Lord in singleness of heart, out of all deceit ;
 
 EDWABD BTJRKOTJGII. 113 
 
 and form nothing in your minds ; but all dwell in 
 purity and uprightness. 
 
 " And all Friends take heed of carelessness, 
 slothfuluess, and sluggishness of mind, and of giving 
 liberty to the flesh, and ease to the carnal mind. 
 We charge and command you in the presence of 
 the Lord, whose power is dreadful, that you meet 
 together in silence, and wait, and none to speak a 
 word but what he is moved to speak from the Lord. 
 Take heed of adding to it, but only what you are 
 moved ; and take heed of striving and contending, 
 or letting out yourselves to strange spirits, but 
 every one keep in his own tent, and sit down under 
 his own vine ; and eat not that which dies of itself, 
 but feed upon the eternal, and so you will be 
 nourished, and grow up in wisdom and power, in 
 that which is pure, that all deceit may be kept 
 out. 
 
 " And all children and servants, be diligent in 
 your places, more willing, more ready to labour in 
 love and diligence, that so the name of God may 
 not be dishonoured. And all you who have callings, 
 throw off" nothing hastily or rashly, but wait and 
 flee not the cross, for if you do, you will be dark- 
 ened, and the name of God dishonoured. There- 
 fore, all dear Friends, who have owned the truth, 
 wait upon the Lord in diligence, that so you may 
 grow in the life, in the power of the Lord, that 
 nothing may be spared that is for destruction ; and 
 so God Almighty bless you all, and keep you out 
 of all deceit, in the pure life which is made mani- 
 i
 
 114 MEMOIR OF 
 
 fest, that you may have victory over all, and witness 
 him who puts all under with it ; if you wait, you 
 will see him present and near you. 
 
 " The everlasting God of power keep you all ; for 
 great is our care over you, and our love is to you 
 that abide in the truth, of which you are already 
 made partakers ; and when joy springs up, keep in 
 it, and run not forth, and spend it not ; and take 
 heed of exalting, for then pride and presumption 
 get up, if you keep not in his fear, and so darkness 
 will come upon you. But all dwelling in that which 
 is pure, you will be preserved out of all snares, and 
 temptations, and your minds kept clear and pure, 
 out of all things that defile ; and so the everlasting 
 God of life and power be with you all. 
 
 " Tour dear brethren, in the unchangeable love 
 of God, 
 
 "EDWABD BUEBOTTGH. 
 
 "FfiAlfCIS HOWQILL." 
 
 " Dear and beloved Friends, in that which is pure 
 of God, and made manifest in you all, wait and 
 abide; and walk in the light, which comes from 
 Jesus, who is the Judge of the quick and the dead, 
 and condemns all unrighteousness into the pit. 
 Therefore, all wait in that which is pure, which 
 hath turned your minds from darkness to light, and 
 from Satan to God, and hath convinced you of all 
 unrighteousness, and hath let you see all that ever 
 you have done; behold, he is the very Christ.
 
 EDWABD BFEEOUQH. 115 
 
 Mind tliat which is pure of God, which shows you 
 the deceits of the heart ; the light of the eye which 
 discovers all the secrets of your hearts, and will 
 show your present condition, and that which would 
 lead aside ; and temptation as it ariseth it will dis- 
 cover, and resisting it in the light, you will escape 
 the pit and the snares which they who err from the 
 light fall into. 
 
 " Dear Friends, great is our care on every side, 
 and we are jealous over you, lest you depart from 
 the simplicity of the Gospel, and so the deceit lead 
 and guide, and you come under condemnation. 
 Therefore, in silence wait. Be swift to hear, slow 
 to speak ; and all wait upon the Light in diligence, 
 and take heed of forward minds and wills, which 
 would go before the Light, and run before the 
 guide. There is the deceiver and false prophet 
 within, the same that is without, and therefore we 
 charge you all, in the name and power of God, to take 
 heed of forward wills in speaking, lest your minds 
 be drawn out from the moving of the pure [Spirit] 
 within, to hearken to words without, which are 
 spoken from that which is above the Light. This 
 feeds the carnal reason, and the earthly wisdom, 
 and lets in the enchanter, and so your minds being 
 turned without, you feed upon the husk and not 
 the life. That nature that cannot live without 
 words, is for the plague and for the famine, and 
 must be famished and stopped. 
 
 " As the power ariseth in you, dwell low in it, 
 and sink down in the same ; and as things open in 
 i2
 
 116 MEMOIR OF 
 
 you, speak not forth, where your minds would run 
 out, but as things open, treasure them up in your 
 hearts. All keep in that which separates between 
 light and darkness ; and be not hasty to do any- 
 thing, lest your wills betray you ; and all keep in 
 patience, for there the crown is obtained. Flee not 
 from the trouble, nor from that which judgeth ; but 
 dwell in it, and pray that your flight be not in 
 winter. Despise not the cross, even the death of 
 the cross, that all your iniquity may be nailed to 
 the cross, and the righteousness may be set up 
 within, and the land kept in peace. 
 
 " And, dear Friends, whose hearts the Lord hath 
 touched, meet together, in silence wait, and you 
 will see the Lord present among you, and his power 
 made manifest, and the earth broken up, and the 
 fallow ground, and a passage for the seed. "We 
 charge you all take heed of many words, or feeding 
 upon that which is torn, and dies of itself. 
 
 " We charge you by the Lord, that none speak 
 without Divine motion; for if you do, the false 
 prophet speaks, and his words eat as a canker, and 
 darken; and vail them that hearken to it. All 
 wait to have salt in yourselves, and savour and 
 discerning, that you may come to know the voice 
 of the Lord from the voice of a stranger, and so 
 you may be kept out of all deceit, for there thorns 
 and briars, and the cursed fruits are brought forth. 
 But in the light of Christ dwell and wait, and grow 
 up in it, and walk in it, that you may come to know 
 your Redeemer, and what you are redeemed from,
 
 EDWABD BUBBOUGH. 117 
 
 and see him near you, and in you, else you are 
 reprobates. 
 
 " The Lord God of life and power preserve you 
 all, for we have kept nothing back, but are free from 
 the blood of you all, and of all that hear us ; but 
 our desire to the Lord is, that what has been sown 
 in weakness may be raised in power, and that you 
 may grow up in the truth, and walk in the truth, 
 that we may see the travail of our souls, and be 
 satisfied ; and if the Lord give us to see your faces 
 again, we may rejoice in you, and with you. The 
 everlasting God of life and power keep you all in 
 his wisdom and power, to have victory over all your 
 enemies, that you may serve him in uprightness of 
 heart, and be faithful to that of God made manifest 
 in you all. 
 
 " Tour dear brethren, in the Gospel of Christ 
 committed to our charge, 
 
 " EDWABD BTTBBOTJGH. 
 
 " FBANCIS HOWGILL." 
 
 " To be read at Meetings of Friends in London. 
 
 " Friends of God, called by him, out of the dark 
 world, into his marvellous light ; to all you who by 
 the power of God are kept faithful, to walk and 
 abide in the measure of the gift of God received ; 
 grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father of 
 life be multiplied in you, and amongst you, that 
 you all may grow up in the power of God, out of
 
 118 MEMOIR OF 
 
 darkness and the shadow of death, wherein you 
 have been held captive in a strange land. 
 
 " Dear Friends, our souls are poured out for you, 
 that you all may abide in that which you have 
 received and heard, which is the way and path of 
 life, and righteousness, and peace eternal. There- 
 fore, walk worthy of the calling whereunto ye are 
 called, and wait in the light by which you are 
 enlightened, that all deceit in particular and in the 
 general may be seen and judged. We bear you 
 record, there is a witness of God manifest in you, 
 and true desires which flow to God from you; 
 therefore take heed to the measure of God, that 
 by it you may hear the voice of God, and see his 
 powerful presence ; for by that which is manifested 
 of God in man, God speaks, moves, and acts, and 
 is known unto man. 
 
 " They that neglect the measure of God, to walk 
 in it, all their knowledge, experiences, and pro- 
 fession are for condemnation by that which changeth 
 not. So all dwell in the measure which is the 
 light, in the cross which keeps under and judges the 
 fleshly man ; so the understanding will be kept open 
 to receive the mercies of God, and to walk worthy 
 of the mercies received ; but turning aside from the 
 light, you neglect the mercies, and follow lying 
 vanities, and err from the way of righteousness, 
 and bring yourselves under condemnation. For 
 no longer is God enjoyed by man, than while man 
 abides in his counsel, in his fear, where the secrets 
 of God are manifest and received by the light,
 
 EDWARD BUEBOUGH. 119 
 
 which is the first entrance unto God, and the 
 fulness of the enjoyment of God. Beware of the 
 world, where all the temptations lie, to draw away 
 your minds into the carnal and visible things, out 
 from the light by which the life is enjoyed, and so 
 death passeth over you, and condemnation cometh 
 upon you, and the life be lost, and misery be 
 revealed against you. 
 
 " Large is the love of God unto you, in calling 
 you and choosing you, and therefore forget not this 
 love, but walk in it, up to God, from whom free 
 redemption is manifest unto that which hath lain 
 in death, overcome by the darkness. Follow not 
 your own wills, nor the voice of the stranger and 
 false prophet, which draws out into visibles here 
 and there ; but have salt and discerning in your- 
 selves, that you may try every motion and every 
 spirit, and may, by that which is infallible and errs 
 not, comprehend and judge that which is fallible 
 and erring, which flourisheth for a time, but comes 
 to an end and is withered. This your own know- 
 ledge and consciences will set seal to, who have 
 been scattered upon the mountains in the cloudy 
 and dark day ; but now the light is breaking forth 
 and the day begins to appear ; and all you who 
 abide faithful shall see the glory of the Lord, and 
 shall enjoy him in the land of the living. 
 
 " "We charge you all in the Lord, that you who 
 profess the truth walk in it ; and as you profess a 
 change, let it appear by putting off the works of 
 darkness, which by the light are made manifest
 
 120 MEMOIR OF 
 
 unto you, and testified against by the witness of 
 God in you. Know this, that that which liveth in 
 you which is contrary to God, witnessed against by 
 the light of Christ, shall be as a prick in the eye, 
 and as a thorn in the side for ever. Wrath is to 
 be revealed upon him that spareth the best, and 
 saveth the fat from judgment, for to the slaughter 
 all must come, that life and glory may be made 
 manifest. He that looks back by the way is not fit 
 for the kingdom ; and he that returns again to the 
 pollutions, his latter end is worse than his beginning, 
 and the judgment of God cannot be escaped. 
 
 " Therefore wait in the power of God, and stand 
 in the light, which is the armour against all temp- 
 tations, whereby the darkness and death, and he 
 that hath the power of death, is overcome, and all 
 that love the light are guided by it. And all dear 
 Friends, who have tasted of the love and power of 
 God, and do witness the rending of the earth, dwell 
 in the power and pure fear of the Lord, that so all 
 deceit may be kept down, and under. Take heed of 
 the false prophet's speaking, or suftering your 
 minds to run out in the openings, and so you will 
 speak that which is opened in the light. 
 
 " We charge you all, in the presence of the 
 dreadful God of life and power, that you all wait in 
 silence, and wait to have salt and savour in your- 
 selves, to know the voice of Christ from the voice of 
 the stranger, for till that be known iu yourselves 
 you are not able to judge. Therefore, all wait in 
 the light, which is the eye, which sees into the
 
 EDWARD BURROrGH. 121 
 
 mysteries of the kingdom ; and none to utter a 
 word, but what you are divinely moved unto, or else 
 that in every one's conscience will bear witness 
 against you. 
 
 " Be not hasty ; when you see things open in 
 your minds, dwell in them, and run not forth and 
 speak, but treasure them up in your hearts, and 
 take heed, and keep low in the fear of the Lord 
 God, that pride and presumption get not up, nor 
 any thing be exalted above that which is pure. 
 Dear Friends, you are upon us as a great weight and 
 burden, lest we should have bestowed our labour in 
 vain ; but we hope and trust the Lord will preserve 
 you, if you stand in obedience to that of God made 
 manifest in you, and so you will grow. Take heed 
 of striving and contending, but judge that [spirit], 
 every one in yourselves, that you may all grow up 
 in the pure life of God. The everlasting power of 
 God bless you all, and keep you in his everlasting 
 love and power, and give the victory over your 
 enemies, that you may come to witness eternal 
 life made manifest in you from God. 
 
 " Your brethren, in the work of the Lord, 
 
 "EDWARD BUHHOUGH. 
 "FRANCIS HOWGILL." 
 
 "Dear Friends, in the everlasting covenant of 
 life and peace, whom we bear witness of, and unto 
 whom we have declared and preached, in season and 
 out of season ; yea, and have often come unto, in
 
 122 MEMOIB OF 
 
 much weakness and fear, and trembling ; and have 
 not ceased day by day to watch over you, lest any 
 should start aside from the hope of the Gospel, 
 which was declared amongst you in demonstration 
 of the Spirit, whereby your understandings came to 
 be opened, even by the word of his power, which 
 we directed you to wait in, and for. 
 
 " You are witnesses yourselves of the love and 
 mighty power of Q-od, which was made manifest 
 among you ; which made the heathen to rage, and 
 confounded the wisdom of the wise. So, dear chil- 
 dren of light, of whom we have travailed in pain 
 and great burdens, that Christ might be formed in 
 you, fulfil ye our joy ; make our hearts glad in your 
 growth up in him, who hath called and spoken to 
 you from heaven by his Son, in the light. 
 
 " Tour ears have heard, your eyes have seen, and 
 you have been made to understand the mystery of 
 the kingdom of God, which is a parable to all the 
 world, and sealed, and cannot be read, but by you 
 who continue and abide in the grace of God, which 
 hath appeared to all men, which brings salvation to 
 all that walk and abide in it, and leads to the 
 entrance, and earnest, and the sealing of the Spirit, 
 until the time of the finishing transgression and 
 making an end of sin, and so the everlasting offering 
 be witnessed, which perfects for ever them that 
 are sanctified. 
 
 " Therefore, all Friends whose minds are turned 
 to the light, and do witness a change in you, by the 
 working of the Spirit, and now a door of hope being
 
 EDWARD BUEEOUGH. 123 
 
 set open, abide in that measure every one, and stay 
 your souls upon him, who is your hope ; and keep 
 low in the fear to the just principle of life, that 
 you may have savour and discerning, to know the 
 voice of Christ from the voice of a stranger in 
 yourselves and in others, and so grow up in the 
 discerning ; and comprehend all spirits, and judge 
 them by the light that makes all things manifest. 
 
 " And all meet together in your several meetings, 
 and watch one over another ; and be diligent in 
 your measure, and take heed you neglect not ; and 
 none be of a careless mind to meet and wait upon 
 the Lord in silence; for such whose life stands 
 only in words without, we deny, for their eyes and 
 ears are without, and they would be ever learning, 
 and that is the silly woman that is laden with lust. 
 Take heed of taking liberty to the flesh ; give no 
 ear nor liberty to the earth, but in the cross dwell 
 to the carnal mind, and so you will witness the 
 plant of the Lord watered, and a growth in the 
 immortal, and the seed you will see, which is one 
 in all, which the promise is to. 
 
 " All be still, and cool, and quiet, and of a meek 
 spirit, that out of boisterousness, and eagerness, 
 and feignedness, and self-love, you may be preserved 
 in your measures, up to God. 
 
 " If any be moved to speak a few words in your 
 meetings this we charge you all that you speak 
 nothing but that which is given, and in the sense, 
 and in the cross ; and do not add your own words, 
 for then you will burden others who dwell in the life.
 
 124 MEMOIE OF 
 
 " Take heed of whispering and backbiting one 
 another, but if any see one to be overtaken, or 
 walking disorderly, reprove such a one privately, 
 and exhort privately, and bear and forbear one 
 another ; and so love will increase, and your joy, 
 and your wisdom, and your strength will grow. 
 
 " The Lord God of life preserve you all in his 
 wisdom : and take heed of imaginations or running 
 out ; do nothing hastily ; but wait at wisdom's gate, 
 that so you may do all things in wisdom ; and all 
 be faithful in your measures, and give up all freely 
 unto the Lord, that he may take away your enemies, 
 and bring you into everlasting righteousness. 
 
 "All Friends in your places, masters, parents, 
 servants, and children in your places, be diligent in 
 that which is just unto the Lord, that so the name 
 of the Lord, by whom you are called, be not dis- 
 honoured, but that you may all dwell single in the 
 counsel of the Lord, in the light of Christ, which 
 keeps you out of all pollutions, and out of that 
 nature that starves you and darkens you. The 
 living God of life preserve you, for you are dear to 
 us, even all of you, without respect of persons, who 
 walk with the Lord; and we cease not to make 
 mention of you to the Lord, and he hears us, that 
 you may grow in the life of Christ J esus, to follow the 
 Lamb wheresoever he leads you or moves you : for 
 truly our hearts are bound to you in the Lord, by 
 one everlasting cord, and if you make us sorry, who 
 shall make us glad ? for you are our crown of re- 
 joicing in the Lord.
 
 EDWARD BURROIIGH. 125 
 
 " "We are your brethren, nay, your servants, for 
 Christ's sake, 
 
 "EDWARD BURROUGH. 
 "FRANCIS HOWGILL." 
 
 " To all the beloved Friends, and Brethren, and Sis- 
 ters, who are made partakers of His eternal word 
 of life, by which you are gathered into one light 
 and power, in which is life eternal abiding in it. 
 
 " Dear Friends of God, who have received and 
 heard the word, the immortal word, with gladness 
 and readiness, who are accounted worthy to receive 
 the testimony of our Lord Christ ; our love in the 
 eternal life of Grod which endures for ever, which is 
 not limited to nations, kindreds, tongues, or people, 
 is shed abroad in all and to all that wait upon 
 Christ Jesus, who is the light, the love, and the gift 
 of the Father, which we are^nade partakers of, by 
 which gift eternal life and peace for evermore are 
 witnessed, unto all them that continue and dwell 
 in him, who is love. 
 
 " Beloved in the Lord, our thirsting is great after 
 you, that [you may be steadfast in] the truth you 
 have received from him whom we declared unto you, 
 contrary to our own wills, in much weakness and 
 much fear, and often in tears and much trembling, 
 and walking before you in uprightness, without 
 fraud and dissimulation, as patterns and examples ; 
 and the Lord, by his eternal working of his mighty
 
 126 MEMOIE OF 
 
 power, made his own ministry powerful unto you, 
 unto whom be glory for evermore. 
 
 " So dear hearts, in the grace of God which hath 
 appeared unto you, which did convince you of 
 sin, and condemned sin in the flesh, by which power 
 ye are saved from sin, and brings salvation unto 
 you who walk in it ; in it dwell and wait for the day- 
 star of Jacob to arise, and the babe of glory to be 
 brought in you, and made manifest, that the govern- 
 ment may be upon his shoulders, who rules in right- 
 eousness for ever. There is a crown before you ; and 
 therefore, our dearly beloved ones, all wait, and 
 press on to the work before you, in the cross, and 
 give up all to be slain on the cross, and keep nothing 
 back ; for if you do, the Canaanite will vex you, and 
 trouble you, and be a thorn in your eyes, to blind 
 the eye, and so turn you into darkness. 
 
 " All keep low in the fear, and wait, that the 
 Head may be exalted and uncovered, that so he may 
 bear rule who is not in the transgression, and so in 
 the living hope which is come to you from him who 
 is the life of men you may purify yourselves, and 
 all the old leaven may be purged out. "Wait for 
 the faith of the Son of God, which is born of God, 
 by which the just lives, and so the everlasting you 
 will come to see. The everlasting God of life and 
 power preserve you all in one, out of all jar and 
 strife, pure to himself, in one, that you may bear 
 witness to his name by your holy conversation, in 
 that great place ; for I see there is more yet to 
 come into the fold of that city.
 
 EDWAED BUEEOUGH. 127 
 
 " Be diligent in your meeting together, and his 
 eternal power and presence you will see, as you 
 have done continually. Grow up in the life of God, 
 and here you are unknown to the world. Salute us 
 to all the church of Christ in the city, without re- 
 spect of persons, whom we love and own in the life 
 that never dies ; and as many as are free, write to 
 us, for a friend here were precious indeed ; but 
 none knows us here, nor are we known to any, hut 
 well known to the elect and precious, in whom we 
 wait to hear from you, to be refreshed to hear of 
 you, of the works of the Lord every where. The 
 grace of God, by which you are saved from sin, be 
 with you, and in you, to give you dominion over all: 
 in it we lie down with you, and are your brethren 
 and servants for Christ's sake, to whom be glory 
 for evermore. 
 
 "EDWAED BUEEOUGH. 
 HOWGILL." 
 
 "Dear Friends in the truth of God, without respect 
 of persons, grace, mercy, and peace from the ever- 
 lasting Father be multiplied among you, that in the 
 faith and love, and every good work, you may abound 
 towards God and man, and may show forth the 
 praise of the Lord, and walk as people redeemed by 
 him, in all holiness and pureness, that your good 
 works may be seen, and your light may shine before 
 men. 
 
 " Dearly beloved in the Lord, my love doth salute
 
 128 MEMOIR OF 
 
 you all, who are kept in faithfulness to the gift of 
 grace received, in which you walking, salvation it 
 doth bring, and redemption it doth manifest, out of 
 the world, and out of its nature, into the image and 
 likeness of the Son of God. Therefore, dear Friends 
 and babes of God, by the immortal word of life 
 begotten and nourished, who wait upon the Lord, 
 blessed are ye that wait to the end, till He who is 
 the light of the world hath put all thiugs under 
 him, and He be exalted your Head. If in that you 
 dwell, which from the beginning hath been heard, 
 you need no man to teach you, but the way you 
 know, and the word of life is your victory. So keep 
 to the measure, that self-will and self-love may be 
 judged, and your neighbour loved as self; and the 
 living God, who is light, above all, who hath begun 
 his work in you and among you, with his right 
 hand will finish it. 
 
 " Dear Friends, keep nothing back ; let not the 
 best, nor the fat, be spared from the slaughter ; 
 but let the sword pass upon all, that your peace 
 may be for ever, and your righteousness may never 
 perish. Oh, how doth my soul long to know and 
 understand of the growth and uumovableness in the 
 truth manifested among you, and gladly received 
 by you, even your crowns you laid down at the feet 
 of the Lamb, and your glory and renown in the 
 world ! Ye are despised for the light's sake, but 
 your reward shall be everlasting, and your inherit- 
 ance shall never wither. I speak not to puff you 
 up, but that you may the rather be kept low in
 
 EDWARD BTJEBOUGH. 129 
 
 subjection to the light of the Lord Jesus, by which 
 self, and that which would be exalted, must be 
 crucified. This is the victory and precious faith 
 which will purify you, and sanctify you throughout, 
 from all filthiness of flesh and spirit, in that faith 
 to stand as witnesses for the Lord God in that 
 great city, and against all its pollutions and idle 
 gods, which neither do hear, see, nor taste. 
 
 " In wisdom, as examples one to another, in love 
 and unity walk, as children of the day, being passed 
 through the dark night where the works of darkness 
 were committed ; but now, being separated from the 
 world, join not yourselves any more to strange 
 women, which entice from God, but sit under your 
 own vine in peace, dwelling with the .Lord, who is 
 light, of whom you are become the temple and 
 tabernacle. 
 
 " "Watch in diligence one over another, that as 
 the day appears you may edify one another, and 
 may be made one in the light, which is Christ, upon 
 whom you have believed, who unto you is precious, 
 but a stumbling stone and a rock of offence to 
 the world. The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ 
 preserve you, that by it you may walk in the pure 
 religion, where your own will is not to be done. 
 The power of God Almighty fill your hearts with 
 joy, and peace, and love in him ; and this is the de- 
 sire of my soul, who am a labourer amongst you in 
 the work and travail of the Gospel of Christ. 
 
 "EDWAED BUBBOTJGH."
 
 130 MEMOIE OF 
 
 On landing in England, they heard of a meeting 
 to be held at Preston in Lancashire, and being 
 desirous to attend it, they left Chester on the 3rd 
 of the first month for that purpose. The meeting 
 was probably held on the 4th, for Edward Burrough 
 says that they " made haste, much desiring to be 
 there, which also was brought to pass by the hand of 
 our God." At Preston they unexpectedly met John 
 Audland and Alexander Parker, and the meeting 
 was held to the great advantage of truth. Recurring 
 to the recent field of labour which he and Francis 
 had been engaged in, Edward writes : " Truly great 
 service for the Lord we had in Ireland, for near seven 
 months ; the particulars would be very large ; but, 
 in short, there is a precious work begun, and seed 
 sown which shall never die." " Francis' dear wife, 
 we hear, is departed this world, which will be a 
 little hindrance to him at present, as to settle his 
 children and the like ; but truly he is wholly given 
 up to do our Father's will, through great and many 
 trials, and dangers and sufferings." 
 
 From Preston, Edward Burrough and companion 
 proceeded to Lancaster, and from thence to visit 
 Friends in the counties still farther north. Here, 
 it appears, they parted for a while, Francis Howgill 
 looking after his children, whilst Edward Burrough 
 proceeded to London. Besides his labours in the 
 ministry in that great city, he published the 
 Epistles written by him in Ireland, and those pre- 
 pared jointly with Francis Howgill. On the 6th 
 of the third mouth, he finished and dated a work,
 
 EDWABD BURBOUGH. 131 
 
 entitled, " A Description of the State and Con- 
 dition of all Mankind on the Face of the Earth." 
 Francis Howgill soon joined him, and they con- 
 tinued labouring together in Gospel unity. A 
 letter from Francis Howgill to Margaret Fell, 
 which was probably written early in the fourth 
 month of this year, says : " In this city, truth 
 hath dominion over all ; none will stand now to 
 dispute, but they turn away. We have about 
 twenty meetings in a week; and ten or twenty 
 miles about [there are] great desires ; and if we 
 can we go out, but we cannot stay ; great is our 
 care." "Edward Burrough salutes thee; he is 
 almost spent : few know our condition." 
 
 From London they went to Bristol, and had a 
 great meeting there on a first-day (fifth mo., 27th), 
 at which about five thousand persons attended. 
 Soon after, Edward returned to London, and it was 
 not long before he was joined by his faithful com- 
 panion, and for many months they had sore trials 
 and conflicts, in contending with some who had 
 gone out from the truth, and others who had never 
 attained it. The Ranters, a body of people acknow- 
 ledged by no religious Society, were a disturbance 
 to all. Particularly were they so to Friends, whose 
 places of worship were not in anywise protected by 
 the civil authorities. These Ranters would come 
 into the meetings, screaming or singing with loud 
 voices, interrupting the ministers in their solemn 
 services, and at times using very indecent language 
 and actions. 
 
 K2
 
 132 MEMOIB OF 
 
 William Caton, who came to London about the 
 1st of the seventh month of this year, writes of 
 the exercises they had in the city, from some who 
 had left the truth and gone into extremes, but adds, 
 that the faithful had comfort in one another. 
 Although Edward Bui-rough and Francis Howgill 
 had much suffering to endure in London, they yet 
 felt sympathy for their brethren under suffering in 
 other places. On the 19th of the seventh month 
 they addressed a joint letter to Thomas Aldam and 
 others, in Yorkshire, on whom much abuse had 
 been bestowed for their faithfulness. Francis 
 Howgill held the pen. This communication bears 
 witness to the unity and fellowship subsisting 
 amongst them. They say : 
 
 " DEAE BEETHEEN, We are with you in your 
 bonds, in your reproaches and imprisonments, and 
 in your rejoicings : your joy is ours, for we eat 
 with you and drink with you at our Father's table, 
 where there is plenteous nourishment for all those 
 who wait in his counsel, and are obedient to his 
 commands." [In respect to things in London, they 
 say :] " Dear brethren, our care is great ; the 
 harvest is great; who are sufficient for thi-si- 
 things ? Here are fields white unto harvest, and 
 much of the power of Grod hath been with u?. 
 Great hath been our burden and our work since \\c 
 came here, and our reward is great. Much have 
 we been drawn out to administer in power and 
 wisdom. We have exceeding great meetings of all
 
 EDWAED BUEBOTTGH. 133 
 
 sorts, and we labour and travail until Christ be 
 formed in them. Pray for us, that we may be kept 
 in his power, [which] reigneth over all: by the 
 power of the Lord the mouths of lions are stopped, 
 kings are bound in chains ; eternal living praises 
 for evermore to Him who rides on conquering in 
 power and great glory ! Many are brought under 
 great judgment and true power, and many have 
 learned their own condemnation. 
 
 "The last first-day (seventh month, 14th), my 
 dear yoke-fellow and I went in the forenoon to 
 two of the highest notionists and the greatest 
 deceivers in the city, at two steeple-houses, where 
 the wise of the city come ; and I had great liberty, 
 and spoke toward an hour. All were silent, and 
 some confessed they never heard so much truth in 
 power delivered. Many would have had me to their 
 houses ; but we lay hands on none hastily." 
 
 James Lancaster and Miles Halhead were at this 
 time in London, but tarried not long there. The 
 Parliament had met on the 17th, but it was no 
 longer a meeting of the free and independent 
 representatives of the nation. Those only of its 
 members who were approved by Cromwell and his 
 council were permitted to enter the House, or to 
 sit therein. This high-handed measure of arbitrary 
 power occasioned great excitement throughout the 
 community, particularly amongst those who were 
 attached to republican principles. In this public 
 agitation Friends took no part. In reference to
 
 134 MEMOIE OF 
 
 it, Francis Howgill says : " As for these things, 
 they are nothing to us, we are redeemed from 
 them. Praises to the Lord for evermore, who hath 
 made us to reign above the world, and to trample 
 upon it." 
 
 CHAPTEE VI. 
 
 EAELT in the year 1656, Edward Burrough was 
 arrested at Kingston, in Surrey, and taken, with 
 nine of his friends, before the magistrates of that 
 place. Under what pretence they were arrested, 
 the account left of the transaction does not show, 
 but the magistrates tendered them the oath of 
 abjuration, and because they refused to take it, 
 committed them to prison. The persecutors knew 
 that Friends conscientiously believed it to be un- 
 lawful for a Christian to swear, and the plan they 
 frequently adopted of offering them the oath, was, 
 therefore, an easy and sure means of furnishing a 
 legal reason for casting them into prison. Edward 
 was not very long in confinement. He appears, this 
 year, whilst in prison and out of prison, to have 
 been diligently employed with his pen, in defence 
 of the doctrines and testimonies of truth. 
 
 Many of the clergy of the different denomina- 
 tions were engaged in writing and printing against 
 Friends ; some of them, out of fondness for reli-
 
 EDWARD BTTRROUGH. 135 
 
 gious disputation ; some because they deemed their 
 craft in danger, and others no doubt prompted by 
 the persuasion that Quakerism was adverse to 
 Christianity. Being in great measure outward in 
 their views, and regarding religion as a system of 
 forms and ceremonies, rather than the dedication 
 of the heart to the Lord, and submission to the 
 cleansing operations of His Holy Spirit, they could 
 not understand the spiritual doctrines so earnestly 
 advocated by our early Friends. They had no 
 desire to find those to be true Christians, who 
 denied the lawfulness of compelling any to pay for 
 preaching, and who considered the receiving hire 
 for such service as contrary to the commands of the 
 Head of the Church, the giver of all spiritual 
 gifts, and the alone paymaster of his ministers. 
 
 Friends' steadfastness in refusing to uncover the 
 head, in token of honour to men, which mark of 
 worship they believed due only to God their 
 Creator, was construed into a disregard of autho- 
 rity, and a perverse infraction of the proper cour- 
 tesies of life. Their plea for the immediate counsel 
 and direction of the "Holy Spirit," the "light of 
 Christ," the "light within," was believed by 
 some, and declared by many, to be from a disbelief 
 in the Scriptures of Truth, notwithstanding their 
 constant denial of such an unjust inference, and 
 their offers, in all controversies with their adver- 
 saries, that their faith and practice should be tested 
 by Scripture authority, and that all which could not 
 be thus sustained, should be reckoned and accounted
 
 13 i) MEMOIB OF 
 
 a delusion of the devil. Some deemed them Soci- 
 nians, because they did not so frequently hold forth, 
 in their ministry and writings, the benefits derived 
 from the outward offering of our Lord Jesus Christ, 
 as their opponents deemed needful. In reply to 
 this charge, Friends said they were no Socinians, 
 that they steadfastly believed in the Divinity, 
 offices, birth, labours of love, propitiatory sufferings 
 and death of the blessed Saviour, Jesus Christ ; 
 and if they did not treat so much on these subjects 
 as some others did, it was because they were almost 
 universally preached and professed in Christendom, 
 while the gift of the Holy Spirit, purchased for us 
 by the death of Christ, and universally bestowed 
 upon all mankind as their rule and guide, was 
 scarcely upheld or preached by any ; and therefore 
 there was more need to direct the minds of the 
 people to this Divine and saving light in them- 
 selves, that through obedience to its discoveries 
 they might be led out of sin, and brought into 
 holiness of life and conversation. 
 
 Amongst those who took up the pen against the 
 Quakers was John Bunyan, who, misunderstanding 
 or misrepresenting his antagonists, zealously beat 
 the air in his attack on a fancied unsoundness. 
 Edward Burrough was not slow in replying to him, 
 and having a better opportunity of knowing tho 
 truth, he was able to refute Bunyan's unfounded 
 accusations. 
 
 Bunyan asserted that " Friends undervalued the 
 Lord Jesus, God -man ; and, though they spoke
 
 EDWARD BTJRROTTGH. 137 
 
 much of Christ, did not savingly and rightly lay 
 him for their foundation." On this charge Ed- 
 ward remarks : " We prize the Lord Jesus Christ, 
 God-man, to be precious unto us, and unto all that 
 do believe, and have owned Him alone to be the 
 foundation, whom God hath laid for salvation to the 
 ends of the earth. In His light are we saved, and 
 therein do walk ; and because hereof are we hated 
 by thee." 
 
 Bunyan charged Friends with saying, that " sal- 
 vation was not fully and completely wrought out 
 for sinners by that man, Christ Jesus." To which 
 Edward Burrough replies: "This accusation is 
 clearly false, and wickedly cast upon us ; for there 
 is not salvation in any other, nor is it wrought by any 
 other, but by Jesus Christ. It is fully and completely 
 brought forth by Him unto every one who believes 
 and receives the testimony of it in themselves." 
 
 Bunyan said, " Eriends bade persons follow the 
 light that they brought into the world with them ; 
 telling them that the light would lead them into 
 the kingdom, &c." Edward Burrough replies, 
 " This is falsely laid down, [to say] the light that 
 they brought into the world with them. But this 
 is the truth of God, and no lie that to follow the 
 light of Christ Jesus, wherewith he hath lighted 
 every man that cometh into the world, will lead into 
 the kingdom of peace and righteousness ; for Christ 
 saith, ' I am the light of the world ; he that fol- 
 loweth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall 
 have the light of life.' "
 
 138 MEMOIR OF 
 
 "Thougoeth on proving," says Edward Burrough, 
 " that He is the Saviour that was born of Mary ; 
 which thing we never denied, and therefore I need 
 the less to answer thee." 
 
 Bunyan. "How horribly are those deceived, 
 who look on Jesus to be but a shadow or type ! " 
 
 Edward Burrough. " I know not any who do it, 
 and yet thou sayest of something that was after- 
 wards to be revealed, &c. This hath some truth in 
 it, which is this : the same Christ who was born of 
 Mary, who wrought righteousness in his person, by 
 doing and suffering, who was and is the substance, 
 was afterwards revealed in the saints ; and this is 
 no horrible deceit, to witness Christ revealed, or to 
 wait for him to be revealed within." 
 
 Bunyan. " How are they deceived, who think to 
 obtain salvation by following the convictions of the 
 law, which they call Christ, &c." 
 
 Edward Burrough. " It is no deceit to mind 
 that which doth convince of sin, to lead to Christ, 
 to take away sin. Thou art in the deceived state, 
 who healest up falsely, and daubest with untempered 
 mortar, and wouldst teach people to apply the pro- 
 mises unto salvation, while they are in a condition 
 condemned in the sight of Grod, by the light in their 
 own consciences, and will not own that which dis- 
 covers sin ; how, then, can they own Him, who takes 
 it away, and purges from it by his blood ? " 
 
 Bunyan. " It is not of works, lest any man 
 should boast, as those fond hypocrites called Quakers 
 would do."
 
 EDWAED BTJBBOTJGH. 139 
 
 Edward Burrough. " When didst thou hear any 
 of the Quakers boast, or see them live in hypocrisy? 
 Will that faith which is without works justify? 
 Must not every one receive according to their deeds, 
 he that doeth good, life he that doeth evil, con- 
 demnation ? But such is thy feigned fancy of faith, 
 who seeketh to be justified by it, whilst thou bringest 
 forth the fruits of unbelief. Thou speakest of living 
 by faith, which thou sayest is to apply the Lord Jesus 
 Christ, his benefits, birth, &c. I say, if to talk of him 
 was faith in him, and to live by faith, then few would 
 want him. For many have got the words, who are 
 without the life of righteousness through faith." 
 
 Bunyan. "How are they deceived who own 
 Christ no otherwise than as he was before the 
 world began !" 
 
 Edward Burrough. "Did not the saints own 
 Christ Jesus, the same yesterday, to-day, and for 
 ever, for salvation ? Is there any other Christ, than 
 he who was before Abraham was ? And is he not now 
 glorified with the same glory, mind, the same glory 
 which he had with the Father before the world was ? 
 Is this deceit, to own him as he was before the world 
 was, for salvation ? That was the very Christ, the 
 Son of God, who was equal with the Father, which 
 was in the beginning, and in time was made mani- 
 fest in Bethlehem, and calls himself the Light of the 
 world, that spiritual rock, which the fathers did eat 
 and drink of, which followed them, that rock was 
 Christ the salvation. Thou speakest of some who 
 told thee to thy face ' that thou usedst conjurations
 
 140 MEMOIB OF 
 
 and witchcraft, because what thou preachedst was 
 according to Scripture.' To which I say, let the 
 guilty be reproved ; for we deny thy accusation to 
 be true upon any of the Quakers, which some may 
 think thou speakest of: so thy accusation rests be- 
 tween thee and them, and we are clear. For every 
 truth which the Scriptures bear witness of, we do 
 own, and do not condemn any for preaching accord- 
 ing to the Scriptures." 
 
 Bunyan. " If every man hath a measure of the 
 Spirit of Christ within him, why say the Scriptures 
 that some are sensual, having not the Spirit ; and 
 Christ saith, the wicked cannot receive it ? " 
 
 Edward BurrougJi. " Some men are sensual and 
 have not the Spirit, because they receive it not. 
 Some cannot receive it, because they believe not in 
 Him from whom it comes ; yet is the measure of 
 the Spirit given unto every man to profit withal, as 
 the Scripture saith. It is given within him to re- 
 prove him of sin, but few receive it. It is one 
 thing in God to give the Spirit, and another thing 
 in the creature to receive it. He gives it to many 
 that receive it not, to follow it, and to be guided 
 by it." 
 
 Eunyan. " What is the church of God redeemed 
 by from under the law ? Is it something that is 
 done within them, or something done without 
 them? If it be redeemed by something that 
 worketh in them, then why did the man Christ 
 Jesus hang upon the cross on mount Calvary, with- 
 out the gates of Jerusalem, for the sin of his people ;
 
 EDWARD BUEBOTJGH. 141 
 
 and why do the Scriptures say, that through this 
 man is preached unto us forgiveness of sins ? " 
 
 Edward Burrough. " The church of God is re- 
 deemed by Christ Jesus, who is revealed within all 
 that believe. Christ Jesus wrought in them 
 mightily, to will and to do ; this is plain, according 
 to Scripture. And the man Christ Jesus was 
 hanged upon the cross on mount Calvary, because 
 they wickedly judged him to be a blasphemer, and 
 through their envy they persecuted him to death, 
 because he bore witness against them ; and as in 
 their account he died upon the cross for an evil 
 doer, this is one ground, at least, why he hanged 
 upon the cross. And the Scriptures say that 
 through this man is preached the forgiveness of 
 sins, because there is no other that can forgive sin, 
 nor the blood of any other thing that can take away 
 sin, but the blood of God, as it is written." 
 
 Bunyan. " Is that very man that was crucified 
 on mount Calvary between two thieves, whose 
 name is JESUS, the son of Mary ; is he the very 
 Christ of God, yea or nay ? " 
 
 Edward Burrough. " Yea, he is the very Christ 
 of God, who was before the world was, by whom 
 the world was made, who was made manifest from 
 Mary's womb, and was persecuted to death by the 
 Scribes and Pharisees, in whose steps thou treadest 
 in asking subtle questions to ensnare the innocent, 
 as they did." 
 
 On the 23rd of seventh month, 1656, the Parlia-
 
 142 MEMOIR OF 
 
 ment published a proclamation, calling upon the 
 inhabitants of Great Britain and Ireland to observe 
 a day of fasting and humiliation, and seeking the 
 face of God, through the mediation of Christ. 
 
 When Edward Burrough read this proclamation, 
 he was led to consider the oppressive acts of the 
 Government towards tender consciences, and the 
 iniquities which abounded among the people. The 
 recollection of these stirred him up to take his pen 
 in hand, and, through the medium of the press, 
 spread amongst the people his thoughts on the sub- 
 ject. He enumerates various causes of the Divine 
 judgment coming upon them, and then adds : 
 " Many more abominations cry for vengeance against 
 some of you, who have had your hands deeply dipped 
 in such oppression ; and therefore this is a warning 
 to you to break off these sins by righteousness and 
 true repentance, lest your fasts prove only for strife, 
 and to smite with the fist of wickedness. Clear 
 yourselves, and wash your hands from these abomi- 
 nations, lest the fruit of them be given to you for 
 food. Let this, ye rulers 1 be acceptable counsel 
 unto you, that the day of happiness may appear, 
 and the long-expected day of liberty may yet dawn 
 through this dark night of bondage, which over- 
 shadows your heads that you cannot behold the 
 glory of the sun. And herein shall you be esta- 
 blished, and we shall have cause to bless the Lord 
 for you, and with you ; otherwise you shall fail, and 
 evil shall be upon you, and upon the nation for 
 your sakes.
 
 EDWABD BUBBOUGH. 143 
 
 "You that fear God, give audience, and keep 
 yourselves pure from the iniquities which the rest 
 love to drink in ; and though your power be shorter, 
 and your voice lower than the uprightness of your 
 hearts' desire, be faithful unto God in bearing your 
 testimony for him, and against all that which, with 
 the light of Jesus, you see to be contrary to him. 
 Be awakened unto righteousness, judgment, and 
 mercy. The light is springing over your heads, and 
 the day of the Lord is dawning out of darkness ; a 
 seed is sown in your dominions which cannot be 
 rooted out, till it has overspread the earth with the 
 precious fruit thereof; and though it be striven 
 against to be plucked up, yet shall the branch and 
 root thereof be everlastingly renowned, for it is the 
 true Jew, and he that falls before it shall never rise 
 up again." 
 
 Edward Burrough, in the midst of his numerous 
 other engagements, found time to superintend the 
 printing of various writings from the prolific pen of 
 his friend and father in the truth, George Fox. To 
 some of these he prefixed or added a few lines. A 
 preface written by him to one of these publications, 
 entitled, " A Testimony of the true Light of the 
 "World," bears date the 1st of the eleventh month, 
 1656. In this preface he says " This is truth from 
 the Lord God, there is no other name given for 
 salvation, but the name of Jesus ; there is no other 
 Jesus Christ, but he who lighteth every man that 
 cometh into the world. Except this Christ Jesus 
 be revealed by the Spirit of the Father within, sal-
 
 144 MEMOIR OF 
 
 ration is not received by him. Therefore, all Friends 
 who have received the testimony of the light of tin- 
 Son of God within you, and have believed the report 
 of the Father, and of the Son, hold fast the word of 
 that testimony, and dwell in it, and walk in it. 
 This is the power of God, which will keep you from 
 all unrighteousness, and so from condemnation. If 
 any turn from the light they run into evil, and 
 backslide from the Truth. Such shall bear their 
 own shame and condemnation in the sight of God and 
 all his children ; for this is the message which was, and 
 is, 'God is light, and in him is no darkness at all.' " 
 
 John Bunyan was still unable to understand 
 Quakerism, and being stirred up by the reply of 
 Edward Burro ugh, he came out in print with a 
 "Vindication" of his former charges against the 
 Society of Friends. Edward was not long in fol- 
 lowing him through the press with an answer, in a 
 quarto of 64 pages, entitled, " Truth the Strongest 
 of all." This reply set forth the doctrines of the 
 Christian religion in words, which, to one who was 
 prepared to understand the language employed, and 
 to give credit to the author for sincerity, would 
 have been sufficient to establish the scriptural 
 soundness of Edward Burrough and his friends. 
 But John Bunyan was not in a condition to perceive 
 it, and it is probable that the closeness of the re- 
 proofs administered to him had a tendency to blunt 
 his appreciation of the force of the argument. 
 
 Soon after this publication, which was issued 
 from the press in the twelfth mouth of this year,
 
 EDWAED BUREOUGH. 145 
 
 Edward Burrough left London to visit the brethren 
 in Essex. Francis Howgill being at this time in 
 Kent. 
 
 Edward soon returned to the city, where the 
 difficulties connected with James Nayler and his 
 ranting companions had not subsided. Appre- 
 ciating the trials to which some of the newly con- 
 vinced were subjected, because of James Nayler's 
 fall, Edward wrote two epistles of encouragement 
 to them. These he sent from London, the 2nd of 
 the third month, 1657. 
 
 The first, addressed "To all the called and chosen 
 to faithfulness in Christ Jesus, and to such as are 
 found worthy to suffer," contains the following, 
 viz. : 
 
 " To all the children of light everywhere, who 
 fear and love the Lord, who are begotten of God, 
 and unto whom he is known in the spirit and in the 
 truth, this is a testimony of the Father's love unto 
 you. Grace, mercy, and peace, from him that lives 
 for ever, the God of light and life, be multiplied in 
 you all, that you may daily be renewed in strength, 
 and girded with truth, and armed with the whol e 
 armour of God, and may be kept by his power 
 until the day of salvation, to walk in subjection to 
 Jesus Christ, witnessing the power and presence of 
 God in you, and amongst you, giving you power to 
 fulfil his will in all things. Thus into all righteous- 
 ness and out of all evil you may be led, and pre- 
 served unto the end ; and in the end to show forth 
 L
 
 146 MEMOIR OF 
 
 the praises of God in this generation, as a people 
 called of him, and redeemed by him, for his great 
 glory's sake ; even so, Amen, and Amen. 
 
 " Dearly beloved, this is the message which came 
 unto you, which is true, that God is light, and in 
 him is no darkness at all ; the message of p 
 and reconciliation, and of glad tidings unto all that 
 have sought the Lord, which we received of him, 
 and you have heard. All that have received it are 
 gathered to God, and are in covenant with him, 
 and one with another, and are in that which recon- 
 cileth and joineth unto Christ Jesus, the second 
 Adam. He is the Lord from Heaven, the Prince of 
 Peace, the Saviour and the Deliverer, who is made 
 manifest in power, and condemneth the trans- 
 gressor, and slayeth the enmity, and raiseth the 
 life out of death. This is he who kills and makes 
 alive, even God, who is light, who brings down one, 
 and sets up another ; who makes war against the 
 mighty, and gives peace to the poor ; and besides 
 him there is none. He searcheth man's heart, and 
 trieth the reins, and knows the thoughts, and even- 
 creature is manifest in his sight, who gives to every 
 one according to his doing. This is he who standeth 
 in the congregation of the righteous, even in the 
 midst of us, and sitteth Judge among the gods. 
 Unto him must all the gods of the earth bow, and 
 the inhabitants of the earth must tremble before 
 him ; and unto him every tongue shall confess, and 
 the light in every man shall answer, when he 
 ariseth to judgment, who is a swift witness, to con-
 
 EDWARD BTTRBOTJGH. 147 
 
 demn or justify all the children of men on the face 
 of the earth. 
 
 " This is the God of truth whom we worship, and 
 who will be worshipped in spirit and in truth, who 
 is the God of Abraham, and his seed for ever ; and 
 with him there is no change, nor shadow of turn- 
 ing. He hath made known his name, and his 
 power, and his wonderful works in this his day, and 
 hath caused his voice to be heard in the earth, and 
 the dead have heard, and now live. 
 
 " And his name is exalted on high amongst all 
 that fear him, and obey his voice ; and he hath 
 given his Son a covenant of light, who lighteth 
 every man that cometh into the world with the 
 true light of life, or condemnation, that all who 
 receive him may come to the knowledge of the 
 Father, whom to know is life eternal. 
 
 " And this is the Christ, the Saviour, in whom 
 we have believed, and whom we preach, who is the 
 way, the truth, and the life, the foundation of God, 
 which cannot be moved ; the Word of God is his 
 name, and there is no other name given for salva- 
 tion. This is he who was dead, and is alive, and 
 lives for evermore, and there is no other to be 
 looked for. If any preach any other, let them be 
 accursed ; and if any bring any other message, let 
 them not be received. 
 
 " All you who have believed in Christ Jesus, who 
 is the light of the world, and have received the 
 knowledge of God, who is light himself, and 
 searcheth your hearts, I exhort you, and warn you 
 
 L2
 
 148 MEM01E OF 
 
 all in his presence, to wait upon him, and to fear 
 before him, and to walk with him for ever in up- 
 rightness of heart, which is of great price in his 
 sight. Forget not his righteous judgments, which 
 he hath made known, lest you wax fat through 
 mercies, and rebel against him, and become dis- 
 obedient and gainsaying, and so be destroyed from 
 being a people ; but be stayed upon the Lord, and 
 let your hearts be established with grace. Be not 
 tossed nor shaken with any wind of doctrines of 
 men, which is not from the life of God, nor reacheth 
 to the life in you, but begets into idolatry, to wor- 
 ship other gods than he who is light. 
 
 " Be not troubled at temptations, nor at suffer- 
 ings, nor at reproaches, nor any other thing ; 
 but stand in the counsel of God, and in his long- 
 suffering, and wait patiently upon him, in your 
 measure of the grace of God received, which is 
 sufficient for you, to preserve you, that you may 
 receive victory over death, and over him that hath 
 the power of it, to trample upon all that which is 
 contrary to the life of God within you, and without 
 you. Neither be you troubled nor offended in 
 Christ. If any among you deny the Lord, and 
 backslide from his pure way, through an evil heart 
 of unbelief, and so become disobedient children, and 
 vex the righteous soul, such shall bear their own 
 burden and condemnation in the day of the Lord ; 
 and shall know that truth changes not, but is the 
 same for ever, though the deceitful-hearted through 
 unbelief depart from it, and choose their own ways,
 
 EDWAED BUEEOUGH. 149 
 
 and despise the counsel of the Lord, to their own 
 destruction. 
 
 "But be ye more watchful, and faithful, and 
 valiant for the truth upon earth, unto the end; 
 that you may be found faithful witnesses unto the 
 name of the Lord, in this crooked generation ; and 
 may receive the fulfilling of the promise of God, 
 and may witness God within you, the Emanuel, 
 the Saviour, God with us. This is the whole sal- 
 vation, and there is no other to be expected, or 
 witnessed, than this, that God dwells in us, and 
 walks in us, according to his promise ; and all that 
 know this, need not go forth to the right hand, or 
 to the left, but salvation is come unto us. 
 
 " He takes away sin, and saves from it, and from 
 condemnation ; and who witness this are begotten 
 by the Word of God, and born of the immortal 
 seed, and are new creatures. Now there is no con- 
 demnation, but the reward of righteousness and 
 peace to us, who are not in the flesh, but in the 
 spirit. Here we witness the Lord is our God, and 
 we are his people, and he seeth no sin in us who 
 are born of him, nor remembers iniquity ; but his 
 covenant is with us, and the kingdom is become 
 the Lord's, and his dominion is set up. Here God 
 is all in all, where the prince of darkness is cast 
 out ; and this is the end and substance of all minis- 
 trations, which we bear witness of. 
 
 " I exhort all you that are called of God every- 
 where, patiently to wait in the way of the Lord, 
 and in his judgments, to receive this, and to possess
 
 150 MEMOIR OF 
 
 it within you, that you may be worshippers of God, 
 and doers of his will, and may have the witness 
 that you are accepted of him, and may know your 
 calling and election sure, where nothing that defileth 
 can enter, but that may be taken away and removed. 
 And him you may feel and witness, whom Satan 
 hath nothing in, who is the second Adam, and 
 cannot be overcome, but is greater than the first 
 Adam, who was overcome, and is lost from the 
 presence of God. But he in whom there is no 
 sin, and who cannot transgress, comes to seek 
 and to save that which was lost in sin, and to 
 bring back that which was driven away by sin. 
 He is greater than innocency, and overcometh the 
 devil, and is called the Son of God ; and to him 
 that overcometh, who is the light of the world, is all 
 power given of the Father. And know him in you 
 all to be greatest, who is not of the world, nor can 
 bow to the devil, to give you dominion and autho- 
 rity over all the world, and the powers of hell and 
 death, even he who sealeth up the old dragon in 
 perdition, never more to deceive. He who wit- 
 nesseth this, knoweth the election which it is not 
 possible to deceive, or be deceived. 
 
 " As every one of you have received him who is 
 the Lord from Heaven, so let your faith stand in 
 him, and walk in him ; and let all your conversation 
 be ordered by him, in all pure and blameless walking 
 in the sight of your enemies, that it may be mani- 
 fest that you are branches in him, and that you 
 have received power to become the sons of God,
 
 EDWAED BUREOTJGH. 151 
 
 and that you are heirs of the inheritance which 
 shall not fade away. 
 
 " And all you that witness this, your eye is open 
 to see God, and you are cleansed from sin by the 
 "Word of God, and you have received peace with 
 God, and glad tidings from him in your own souls ; 
 and this is salvation by the second Adam. Herein 
 be established and settled, and look not for another, 
 for there is not any besides this Saviour, and this 
 salvation ; but if any preach another, believe him 
 not ; and if any cry, lo here, and lo there is Christ 
 without you, go not after them, nor follow them, 
 but know him within you, who is greater than all. 
 Tea, if we ourselves, or an angel from heaven, 
 preach any other Jesus than he that lighteth every 
 man that cometh into the world, or any other sal- 
 vation than God with us, let us be accursed. For 
 this is the Gospel of our salvation Christ Jesus 
 within us, the hope of glory, the power and wisdom 
 of God to rule and reign in us, by which we are 
 changed from death to life, and translated from the 
 power of darkness into the kingdom of his dear Son. 
 
 " And now, all Friends and elect of God, who are 
 called and faithful, you that have received this testi- 
 mony which God hath given of the Son, and which 
 the Son hath given of the Father, which in faithful- 
 ness hath been testified in this generation, I exhort 
 you all, in the fear and counsel of the Lord, take 
 heed to that which you have believed, and heard, 
 and learned of the Father, which is the truth as it 
 is in Jesus, and shall abide for ever. Be not
 
 152 MEMOIE OP 
 
 removed from your hope, nor given to change, but 
 mind the life of God in you all, which is immortal, 
 and is but one, and it answereth to the Lord in 
 judgments and in mercies, and one to another in 
 that which is righteous and just, and witnesseth 
 against all the works of the world, which are evil, 
 and not wrought in God. 
 
 " Te that know this which is of the Father in 
 you, dwell in it, and walk in it, and be not shaken 
 out of it, nor removed from it, for it is the way of 
 peace unto everlasting rest, where there is no 
 sorrow, but righteousness, peace, and joy in the 
 Holy Ghost. Every one in particular, have salt in 
 yourselves to savour withal, that you may resist 
 the wicked one in all his temptations, and may not 
 join to anything which is out of union, and eontrary 
 to the life of God, and to the truth which you have 
 received ; that you may never be betrayed of your 
 hope, nor of the simplicity which is in Christ Jesus, 
 in which the Father is well pleased. Let the Light 
 of the world guide you in all things, that your 
 works may be wrought in God, never to be con- 
 demned, nor you to suffer loss ; knowing this first, 
 that none are justified by him, but them that are 
 led and guided by him ; and to whom he is a Saviour, 
 he is also a teacher, and he is given to teach in all 
 the ways of truth. 
 
 " Let your fellowship be in the life and power of 
 God, and know not one another in words only, and 
 in outward appearance, but witness one another in 
 the spirit and in the truth, and have communion
 
 EDWARD BUBBOUGH. 153 
 
 there, in breaking the bread of life, that Christ 
 Jesus may be seen to be head in you, and you 
 members to serve him, and one another, all receiv- 
 ing wisdom from the head, and virtue from the vine, 
 Christ Jesus, that you may abound in love, mercy, 
 and peace, and all the fruits of righteousness unto 
 the Father. Dwell in the fear and counsel of God, 
 and be subject to his will, not despising the cross, 
 which is the power of God, which slayeth the birth 
 that is born of the flesh, which is not heir of the pro- 
 mise ; but walk in the cross daily, that your under- 
 standings may be kept open, to try and discern all 
 spirits, whether they be of God. 
 
 " Believe not every spirit, for lying spirits may 
 arise among yourselves, and go forth from the 
 light, who are not in the truth, but in the feigned- 
 ness and hypocrisy, with false visions, and lying 
 imaginations, handling the word of God deceitfully, 
 and corrupting and perverting the pure way of 
 God ; having the form, but not the power, having left 
 the power and gone from the light. Such utter the 
 words of truth without the life, and are but as the 
 chaff to the wheat, and they are to be denied and 
 resisted, and not joined to, lest innocency and sim- 
 plicity be betrayed, and your faith made void, and 
 so you be destroyed from the life of God, and 
 death surprise you, and darkness enter your dwell- 
 ings, and so unbelief, and doubting and murmur- 
 ing, and lustings after evil arise in you, and you be 
 perverted from the worship of the true God, and 
 grieve his righteous Spirit by bowing to idols, and
 
 154 MEMOIB OF 
 
 following of other lovers ; and so the true God, who 
 hath brought you out of Egypt, and made manifest 
 his power in you, be forgotten, and the faith of his 
 Son made shipwreck of, and your latter end be 
 worse than the beginning, and the name of the 
 Lord be dishonoured by you ; and then woe unto 
 you, his wrath shall suddenly t break out against you. 
 
 " Wherefore hear and fear, and hearken unto the 
 word of the Lord. He hath caused his light to 
 shine forth, and his voice to be heard ; he hath pro- 
 claimed his name amongst you, and hath caused his 
 marvellous light to approach, when you sat in dark- 
 ness, in the land of the shadow of death. When 
 you were lost, he sought you ; and when you were 
 driven away and scattered, he found you, and 
 brought you home. When you were in your blood 
 and no eye pitied you, he had mercy upon you, and 
 bound you up, and healed you. When you were 
 dead, he said unto you, live ; and it was so. When 
 you were led captive by the devil under the power 
 of death, he broke the chains and set you free ; and 
 when there was none to help or save, his own arm 
 brought deliverance and salvation, and the way of 
 life and peace he set before you. 
 
 " And now all this hath his own arm accomplished, 
 that you should be a praise unto him for evermore. 
 If you walk in the way which he hath set before 
 you, and keep his covenant which he hath made 
 with you, and fulfil his will, and walk in righteous- 
 ness, in love and unity, in meekness, lowliness, 
 humbleness, and in soberness and watchfulness,
 
 EDWAED BUEKOUGH. 155 
 
 and in fear of his name ; then shall his presence 
 never forsake you, nor his outstretched arm cease 
 to defend and preserve you. He shall go before you, 
 and be your rere-ward ; and he shall be your God, 
 and you shall be his people, and shall dwell in 
 him ; and he shall be your hiding-place ; and he will 
 be to you a father, and you shall be his children, 
 and his blessing and peace shall remain in your 
 habitations for ever and ever. 
 
 " But if any of you turn aside for a thing of 
 naught, after vanity, and deny the way of righteous- 
 ness, and forget the Lord and kick against him, 
 and follow the way and counsel of your own hearts, 
 and worship other gods, and join yourselves to 
 strangers, and make the cross of Christ of none 
 effect, and turn from the light of Christ within you, 
 and fulfil your own wills, and the desire of your 
 own minds, and go out of the fear of the Lord into 
 the liberty of the flesh (which is not the liberty in 
 Christ Jesus), and so seek yourselves, and strive for 
 mastery, to be one above another, and surmise evil 
 one against another, and the bond of peace be bro- 
 ken, and vain contention and strife appear; then 
 shall the rod of God smite you, and his wrath be 
 suddenly kindled against you, and you shall not 
 prosper, but his countenance shall be hid, and the 
 terrors of the Lord and lamentations shall possess 
 you, and peace shall flee far from you. Such shall 
 be cast out of the camp of the Lord, and shall have 
 no part in the inheritance, but the blessing shall 
 depart, and the curse shall enter, till utter destruc-
 
 156 MEMOIH OF 
 
 tion. If any of you deiiy the Lord, unto whom his 
 way is made manifest, he will deny you, and you 
 shall have no part in him, but vengeance in flames 
 of fire will he render upon the disobedient, mani- 
 fold more than if his love and way of peace had not 
 been made manifest to you, and the light of the 
 world is your condemnation for evermore, if you turn 
 from it. 
 
 " And in the presence of the living God, I warn 
 you all, believe not that spirit, neither follow it, 
 which brings any other message than what hath 
 been declared from the beginning. Believe not 
 him which crieth, lo here, or lo there is Christ with- 
 out you, or that draweth from the measure of Christ 
 within you, to hearken to, or to be taught by any 
 other thing. For that spirit is not of the Father 
 which preacheth any other Christ than he that is 
 the light of the world, and lighteth every man that 
 cometh into the world ; or bringeth any other mes- 
 sage, than that God is light in himself, and hath given 
 his Son a light into the world. This is the true 
 testimony of the Father, and of the Son ; and he 
 that testifieth any other message, is to be judged 
 and denied. He is not a worshipper of the true 
 God, but out of the truth, and in the error, and a 
 deceiver, being deceived. 
 
 " Believe not that spirit, neither follow it, which 
 ministereth to others that which it hath not learned 
 of the Father, but hath the words without the 
 power, and liveth not in the power of what it 
 ministereth forth in words, nor is in what it de-
 
 EDWARD BUBEOUGH. 157 
 
 clareth, but is in outward show, in the hypocrisy 
 and feignedness, and reacheth not the life of God, 
 but vaileth andcovereth it ; that spirit is not of the 
 Father, but is to be denied, and not received. 
 
 " Believe not that spirit, neither follow it, which 
 is at liberty in the flesh, and raaketh the offence 
 of the cross to cease ; which is exalted out of the 
 fear of the Lord, in the liberty of the earthly, 
 which crucifieth the life, and darkeneth the eye. 
 That spirit will boast of joy and peace, and experi- 
 ence and knowledge, and speak high words in the 
 airy mind, and would lead you to glory above the 
 cross, till you be past feeling the life ; and that 
 spirit begetteth into the love of the world which 
 passeth away. Beware of that spirit, for it is not 
 of the Father, but to be condemned. 
 
 " Believe not that spirit, neither follow it, which 
 is hasty, and forward, and rash ; for that goeth out 
 of God's counsel and betray eth the just, and 
 striveth to be greatest, and to be above the weak, 
 and despiseth him, and would be master, and not a 
 servant, and would rule, and not be ruled in the 
 meek and lowly government of Christ. That 
 spirit will judge rashly and unsavourily, and con- 
 demn another in secret in what itself is guilty of. 
 Beware of that spirit, for it is not of God, but to 
 be judged with the life of God. 
 
 " Believe not that spirit, neither follow it, which 
 seeks to have praise of men, and would beget divi- 
 sions and make parties, which respects persons, and 
 glories in gifts, and knowledge and parts, more than
 
 158 MEMOIR OF 
 
 in the giver, and admires men more than Him that 
 gives the increase, and feeds of the knowledge in 
 that nature which is to be famished, and glories in 
 what hath been done by it, as though it had not 
 received power from the Lord, and is exalted, as 
 though it bore the root, not knowing that it is 
 borne of the root. That spirit spends its treasures 
 amongst harlots, and despises the poor, and seeks 
 occasion to glory over the weak, that it may be re- 
 nowned ; beware of that spirit, I charge you all, for 
 it is not of the Father, nor to be followed, but to 
 be condemned, and resisted unto death. 
 
 " Believe not that spirit, neither follow it, which 
 preacheth not from the measure of God received, 
 and to be manifest to it in you, and approved by it 
 only ; but speaks above the measure, and reaches 
 not to the measure of the grace of God; which 
 leads after words, and cries peace to the rich, and 
 judgment to the poor, and the word of God is not 
 divided aright, but heals up falsely, and daubs with 
 unternpered mortar, and cries war where God speaks 
 peace. That spirit is a deceiver and a betrayer, and 
 feeds but the ear, and not the life, and darkens the 
 counsel of God by words without knowledge, and 
 is not of the Father, but of the world, and to be 
 denied and condemned. 
 
 " Believe not that spirit, neither follow it, which 
 is not subject to rule and order, and is not meek, 
 and diligent, and long-suffering, but heady, and 
 high, and untoward, seeking occasions against the 
 just, and watcheth for evil. That spirit will not bear
 
 EDWABD BFBBOTIGH. 159 
 
 reproof, but is slothful and careless, surmising evil, 
 and backbiting, and conforms in appearance, making 
 a fair show, but is not unto God as it appears to 
 man. It would go, and is not called ; and will not 
 go when it is called ; and seeks for the praise of 
 men more than God ; and that is fruitless ground, 
 and brings forth briars and thorns in secret, which 
 chokes the seed of God. Beware of that spirit, it 
 is a lover of this world ; have no fellowship with it, 
 for it is a deceiver, and is to be denied. 
 
 " Believe not that spirit, neither follow it, which 
 is tossed and unsettled, and is given to change, and 
 is not established with grace, but hunts for the pre- 
 cious life, and seeks by flattery to beguile the inno- 
 cent. This spirit is zealous for a moment, but is 
 soon overcome, and brings not forth fruit to perfec- 
 tion, but withers, and its latter end is worse than 
 the beginning. That spirit is exalted into pre- 
 sumption in peace, and cast into desperation in 
 trouble ; and the double mind lodgeth in it, and it is 
 unstable in all its ways, and is a ground for the seed 
 of Satan, and to it there is no peace from God ; 
 and beware of that spirit, for it is not of the 
 Father, but to be condemned. 
 
 " Believe not that spirit, neither follow it, which 
 is more zealous than knowing, whose zeal is with- 
 out true knowledge, and stands in that which is 
 corrupted, that flourisheth for a moment, but can- 
 not endure for ever. It hath no root in itself, but 
 is furious and passionate, and not long-suffering. 
 That spirit knows not itself, but would devour its
 
 160 MEMOIE OF 
 
 adversaries with bitterness, and not gain by long- 
 suffering ; that is not the spirit of the Father, but 
 must be denied in all. 
 
 " Believe not that spirit which draws back into 
 the world, into its lusts and liberty, and fashions 
 which pass away. That spirit forgets God and 
 draws back, for his soul hath no pleasure in it, but 
 is vexed with it, where the cross is made of none 
 effect, and the false liberty is walked in, which 
 murders the life. That spirit is of the devil, and is 
 to be condemned. 
 
 " And now, all friends of God everywhere, who 
 know him, and are known of him, whom he hath 
 gathered out of this untoward generation, be dili- 
 gent in your callings, and keep your meetings in 
 faithfulness, waiting upon the Lord, that you all 
 may receive of his fulness, and may be nourished 
 up unto himself, as trees of righteousness, the 
 planting of his own right hand, to spread forth his 
 name and glory, as a people saved by him. And 
 this know and understand, that spirit is not of tin- 
 Father which confesseth not the Son to be come in 
 the flesh, who destroys the works of the devil, and 
 takes away sin. That spirit believe and follow 
 which condemns sin, and destroys it, and takes it 
 away, and so gives peace with God in your con- 
 sciences, and leads you into all truth, and keeps you 
 from all evil. Tou that witness this, the Son you 
 know, and the Father you know, to dwell with you, 
 and in you ; and this is the first and the last. Be- 
 lieve in him, and follow him, and look not for any
 
 EDWARD BTTBROTTGH. 161 
 
 other; and in this the Father of life and glory, 
 whose dominion is without beginning and end, esta- 
 blish you, and preserve you : Amen, and Amen." 
 \ 
 
 The second Epistle, addressed " To all that suffer 
 for the testimony of Jesus, and for His name's sake," 
 is as follows, viz. : 
 
 " The glorious God of truth hath appeared, and 
 made known his way and truth perfectly in this our 
 day, and hath chosen unto himself faithful witnesses, 
 to testify of his name and of his truth before rulers 
 and people ; and hath brought forth a seed which 
 is not of this world, which cannot bow to the devil, 
 but is heir of God's inheritance, though a sufferer 
 in this world under the powers thereof. Many in 
 this generation, who are called and faithful, and 
 chosen, bear witness unto the name of the Lord in 
 sufferings and tribulations, whom he will honour, 
 because they honour him, who is exalting his truth 
 and his people through sufferings. 
 
 " And now, all Friends who are called to suffer 
 for the testimony of Jesus, and for the exercise of 
 a pure conscience, which you hold, be valiant for 
 the truth upon earth, and faint not, but finish your 
 testimony with joy for the Lord, and against all 
 your enemies. Look not forth at afflictions and 
 sufferings, but look beyond them to the recompence 
 of reward ; neither be offended in Christ, though 
 ye are called to suffer for him, and for his name's 
 sake ; but dwell in the peace of God, which is a 
 
 M
 
 162 MEMOIE OF 
 
 sufficient reward. Take heed to your life which is 
 immortal, that you may feel and enjoy it, and 
 account that the present sufferings are not worthy 
 to be reckoned with the glory that is to be revealed, 
 and of which you have the earnest, even present 
 peace with God. Look beyond your sufferings, 
 and feel the life of God in you fresh and lively, 
 which is more than all things, to carry you above 
 all the world, and all its envy, which is against the 
 seed of God. 
 
 "Take heed of temptations, for the power of 
 Satan will work, and is near to tempt you in suffer- 
 ings, to gain dominion over you, and to touch your 
 life, and to cast you down. Therefore, mind the 
 life of God in you to have dominion, which Satan 
 hath nothing' in, which is not given him to touch ; 
 and that is more than all ; yea, all that a man hath 
 will he give for his life to enjoy, when he is tried. 
 You are tried by sufferings and tribulations, and 
 your faith and patience are proved; therefore, 
 approve yourselves faithful unto the Lord, by long- 
 suffering and patience, that Satan overcome you 
 not. Though he may touch you, and have power 
 to cast some of you into prison, and otherwise to 
 winnow you, and try you for your life ; yet be 
 faithful unto death, and you shall receive the crown 
 of life eternal ; and keep the word of his patience, 
 that you may be delivered, and Satan may bow 
 under your foot. 
 
 " And all you who suffer for well-doing, who hold 
 fast the testimony which you have received of God,
 
 EDWABD BTTBEOUGH. 163 
 
 when your hearts are searched, you are blessed 
 from the Lord ; you shall possess your reward, 
 which no man can take away, even the life, and 
 liberty, and treasure, which Satan cannot touch or 
 spoil you of. 
 
 " Ye that suffer because you cannot fulfil wicked- 
 ness, nor the will of man, but are of the seed 
 which cannot please man, nor bow to the devil ; ye 
 suffer for Christ, and for righteousness' sake, who 
 cannot walk contrary to the light of Christ within 
 you, but rather choose to suffer under corrupt men 
 and laws, than to transgress God's righteous law, 
 written in your hearts ; you are chosen to fulfil the 
 will of God by sufferings, and are not of the world, 
 and therefore the world hates you. 
 
 " All you that suffer imprisonment of body, or 
 spoiling of goods, or travails, or any other thing, 
 because you cannot pay tithes, this is the word of 
 the Lord God unto you ; you suffer for righteous- 
 ness' sake, and for the name of Christ, and unjustly, 
 by the oppression of men, for well-doing, and not 
 for evil ; and the Lord will be your exceeding great 
 reward. Look beyond your outward liberty, and 
 know the liberty in spirit, in the Father, and in 
 the Son, where is everlasting peace and freedom, 
 which none can bring into bondage. Look beyond 
 all outward treasure and riches, and seek God's 
 treasure, and possess it, which never waxes old, 
 which none can spoil you of. 
 
 " As witnesses for the Lord, and for his truth 
 and covenant you suffer ; and it is for a testimony 
 M 2
 
 164 MEMOIR OF 
 
 against all your enemies, and against oppression 
 and oppressors. For the cry of that oppression 
 the land groans, and for ages hath done ; but the 
 Lord is now risen against it ; for its cry reacheth 
 to heaven, against the unrighteous exactors, whose 
 cruel hands have heavily oppressed the just and the 
 poor in this particular. Your suffering is for a 
 testimony against your cruel adversaries, whether 
 priests or others, and against the unjust judges 
 and lawyers, and their whole train of oppressors ; 
 for this end are you called to suffer, and to you it 
 shall be made easy, if you abide in the counsel of 
 God, till vengeance overcome your adversaries. 
 Therefore, lift up your heads, and fulfil the will of 
 your Father in patience, and in faithfulness, till 
 the Lord appear for you, who hearkeneth to the 
 cry of the poor, and regardeth him that suffereth 
 unjustly, and will recompense the oppressors into 
 their bosoms; will break every yoke, and be a 
 terror to all the cruel-hearted. 
 
 " And all you that suffer, who are moved by the 
 power of the Lord to bear witness against the false 
 worships, and against the false teachers and idol 
 temples, of which the land is full ; and who are 
 moved to testify against sin, in rulers, priests, or 
 people whether your sufferings be imprisonment, 
 or beating and stoning, or other abuses or cruelties 
 whatsoever, which the devil hath power to lay upon 
 you ; you suffer for righteousness' sake, and for the 
 name of Christ, and for well-doing, if in the wisdom 
 of God you be guided, and the Lord will be your
 
 EDWARD BUEBOUGH. 165 
 
 reward and peace for ever. Lift up your heads, 
 and rejoice in him, and abide in his counsel, ye 
 that suffer herein for him, and for his name's 
 sake. Your suffering is for a testimony against all 
 this generation ; against the idol worships and 
 ways, which God loathes, and which he will con- 
 found ; and against the idol teachers, and false 
 prophets, and priests, who preach for hire, and 
 make merchandise of souls, against whom God's 
 wrath is kindled, and upon whom his indignation 
 will be poured. It is a testimony against the sins 
 of rulers and people, which abound in this gene- 
 ration, till the measure of it be fulfilled through 
 persecuting you, who warn them of the evil, and 
 bear witness against their evil deeds, that God may 
 be justified when he condemneth them. 
 
 " He is risen against the worships, and ways, and 
 teachers, and people, whose abominable iniquities 
 have overgrown the world, and profaneness hath 
 gone forth from them, through nations, rulers, and 
 teachers, and people are all out of the way, and 
 given to vanity, to covetousness, and idolatry ; and 
 the breath of the Lord shall consume all who do 
 oppress the just. 
 
 " Therefore, Friends, be patient and content un- 
 der all tribulations and suffering, and feel God's 
 living presence near you, to overshadow you, and 
 to be your hiding-place ; and know the life, which 
 the wickedness and crueity of man cannot touch or 
 reach unto ; and dwell in the power of the Lord, 
 which moves to bear witness for him, and against
 
 166 MEMOIR OF 
 
 all those abominations ; and that will keep you 
 above all the afflictions which can be cast upon 
 you, and you will be on the top of your enemies, 
 and the seed of the serpent shall hardly bruise 
 your heel. 
 
 " "Woe unto the idol worships, and temples, and 
 teachers, to all the hirelings and deceivers, who 
 feed themselves and not the flock, who abound in 
 the world, and in this nation. The Lord is risen 
 against them all, to pluck up by the root that the 
 branches may wither ; and his arm shall watch over 
 them, to overthrow them all, and to make them 
 desolate, that the just may be delivered. 
 
 " All you who suffer imprisonment, or finings, 
 or reproaches, or any thing, because ye cannot 
 swear for conscience sake; nor respect persons, 
 according to the vain customs of the heathen, but 
 are redeemed out of the customs and superstitions 
 of men, which are of the world, and are evil, and 
 not of God, nor justified by him ; you suffer for 
 righteousness' sake and for Christ's sake, and are 
 witnesses for God herein, against the superstitions, 
 and wickedness, and pride, and high-mindedness of 
 men. The Lord is with you, if you be ruled in his 
 wisdom, and are faithful to him ; and he will lift up 
 your heads, till his and your adversaries be con- 
 founded. 
 
 " I charge you all in the presence of the Lord, 
 who suffer for righteousness' sake, in these things, 
 or in any other, who are moved of the Lord to bear 
 witness of the truth, and against the deceits of the
 
 EDWABD BURBOUGH. 167 
 
 world, be not exalted in the flesh in your sufferings, 
 lest you forget God. Neither be cast down into 
 sorrow, lest ye be overcome of the devil ; but dwell 
 in the measure of the power and life of God, which 
 is above all, and more than all. Feel God's living 
 arm to stay your hearts, to watch his own in you, 
 to refresh you continually. Resist the devil on 
 every hand, with the armour of light and truth, 
 that your life may be preserved in dominion over 
 all things, even the life which is not of this world 
 in you, that it may not be vailed or overcome ; for 
 to enjoy the life of God with you is enough. If 
 you pass through the fire, and through the 
 water, it keeps you and carries you above all, 
 [this I witness,] and it is more than all outward 
 freedom, or liberty, or riches, or treasure of this 
 world. 
 
 " Walk herein in boldness, and faithfulness, and 
 patience, as you have us for an example in Christ 
 Jesus, who are in jeopardy every hour ; often in 
 trials, sufferings, and dangers, and love not our lives 
 unto death, for the testimony of Jesus, which we 
 hold, and that His name and truth may be exalted 
 in the earth ; but, as the Lord moves, are carried 
 through nations, among lions and devourers, such 
 as seek our life for their prey, and yet the Lord 
 is with us, our defence, and arm, and preserver 
 above all. Therefore, look you to the Lord in all 
 affliction and distress, and know His reward with 
 you, that your burden and yoke may be easy, and 
 not hard ; for His presence makes all things joyful.
 
 168 MEMOIB, OF 
 
 And know, that it is for the name of the Lord, and 
 for His honour, and for His kingdom, which God 
 will set up through suffering, for this cause are ye 
 called to suffer ; and neither your life, nor liberty, 
 nor any other thing is to be measured or compared 
 herewith. 
 
 " So unto every one of you I am moved to write, 
 and to warn you all in the fear of God, be content, 
 and long-suffering, and patient, and finish your tes- 
 timony with rejoicing, if ye seal it with your blood. 
 Dwell with the Lord in His holy habitation of 
 peace, out of respect to time, or place, or things ; 
 and give up yourselves, that His will may be ful- 
 filled in you. 
 
 " And think it not strange though you have fiery 
 trials ; neither be moved at any suffering without 
 you, or troubled in spirit ; neither let it break your 
 peace nor fellowship with God by any impatience, 
 or murmurings, or temptations, for then will your 
 sufferings be grievous to you, and the enemy within 
 and without will have ground against you to over- 
 throw you. Know it is that which ever was in all 
 ages, and no new thing for the seed of God to 
 suffer by the seed of evil-doers, for the wicked 
 always strengthened their hands in cruelty against 
 the righteous, and laid heavy burdens upon the 
 just, and caused the innocent to groan under them, 
 for a time, till iniquity was fulfilled, that they might 
 be broken, and the oppressed delivered. And 
 always the Lord exalted His name by the sufferings 
 of His people, as we have a cloud of witnesses of
 
 EDWARD BTJBBOUGH. 169 
 
 our forefathers that went before, who did bear 
 witness to the name of the Lord through faithful 
 suffering. So it is no strange thing that hath hap- 
 pened unto you, but that which is common to all 
 the saints, who enter the kingdom through tribula- 
 tion. Blessed are you, if you be faithful unto the 
 end, that you may reap the reward of your works, 
 of your sufferings and patience, even the crown of 
 life that never fades away ; so the Lord Grod of life 
 preserve you. 
 
 " And all Friends everywhere, I am moved to 
 warn you, dwell in love and unity, and fellowship 
 one with another, in the light, and in the spirit of 
 the Father, and fulfil the law of Christ, and bear 
 one another's burdens and suffer with one another, 
 that none be oppressed among you in anything, 
 whilst others are free ; but that the burden of all 
 things, and the care of all things, in relation to the 
 truth, be equal among you, according to every one's 
 freedom, and as every one is moved of the Lord, so 
 to administer to one another's necessities, as mem- 
 bers of one body, to the honouring of the Head, 
 and spreading of the truth, that there be no com- 
 plaining, but equality and justice, and the govern- 
 ment of Christ ruling among you, and His wisdom 
 in all things. Feed no excess, nor the lustful de- 
 vouring mind in any; neither suffer the distressed 
 to perish for want ; but reach one to another 
 in love, and like-mindedness ; suffering for one 
 another, and all caring for the truth above all things, 
 that Grod may dwell among you, and be known that
 
 170 MEMOIE OF 
 
 He is in you of a truth. And in this, the wisdom 
 of God guide you all. Amen. 
 
 " By a companion in tribulation, to all the saints 
 everywhere. 
 
 " EDWAED BUBIIOUGH." 
 
 During this same month (3rd), Edward Burrough 
 wrote a paper, which he terms, " A Measure of the 
 Times," in which he takes a view of the glory of 
 the first Christian churches, their subsequent de- 
 clension, and the final triumph of mystery Babylon, 
 by which the true church was obscured or driven 
 into the wilderness. In this, whilst describing the 
 introduction of the Christian religion, and the glory 
 of the primitive church, he says : 
 
 " In the days of Christ and His apostles the 
 power of the Lord was felt, and He got him a name 
 and glory ; He caused His marvellous light to spring 
 forth, and His day to dawn, which many prophets 
 and wise men had desired to see, but it was not 
 seen by them. In that day His glory was spread 
 abroad, His truth and way were exalted, His glorious 
 Gospel was declared through the earth, and the 
 sound of His marvellous works went forth into all 
 the world. Judgment and mercy, righteousness 
 and peace, were witnessed among men, and life and 
 immortality were brought to light through the 
 Gospel. The "Word of Life, by which all things 
 were created, and by which they stand, was handled, 
 seen, felt, and tasted, and the Lord God was known
 
 EDWABD BUEEOUGH. 171 
 
 to dwell with His people and to walk in them. His 
 covenant was established, and His promises were 
 fulfilled. Kedemption, deliverance, and salvation 
 were revealed, even in Christ Jesus, the Son of God, 
 the Prince of Peace ! Many who saw God's glory 
 were witnesses of His majesty and dominion, and 
 were gathered to Him in the bond of peace, and 
 were His sons and daughters, led by His Spirit in 
 the ways of truth and righteousness. God spake 
 unto them from heaven by His Son, they were filled 
 with the Holy Ghost and with power, and many 
 went forth and declared through the nations the 
 things of God's kingdom, which was come to them. 
 Their weapons were mighty through God; strong- 
 holds were subdued, the powers of death and dark- 
 ness were subjected, and the hearts of thousands 
 were turned to God, and brought out of dark- 
 ness into light. The mighty and the wise were 
 confounded, the bonds of cruel oppression were 
 broken, and they who set themselves against the 
 Lord and His way, were scattered and brought 
 to nought. 
 
 " In that day the Lord was with His people, 
 while His people were with him. He loved them 
 while they stood in His counsel, and gave them 
 dominion over their enemies. They were a terror 
 to the world, while the churches stood in the dread 
 and terror of the Lord of hosts. Their feet trod 
 upon the high places of the earth, and they were 
 blessed, until they waxed fat, and increased in trea- 
 sures, and thought they had need of nothing. Then
 
 172 MEMOIE OF 
 
 they forgot God, and rebelled against him ; they 
 became perverse in their ways, fell into error and 
 idolatry, and left the way of truth, and cast the law 
 of God behind them. The form grew and was 
 exalted more than the power of godliness. As love 
 waxed cold, iniquity abounded; and men became 
 lovers of themselves more than of the Lord. The 
 churches were corrupted, they lost the life and 
 power of godliness, and became worshippers of idols. 
 As Paul predicted that many should depart from 
 the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doc- 
 trines of devils, and grievous wolves should enter, 
 not sparing the flock, but seeking to devour it, 
 making merchandise of souls through covetousness 
 and filthy lucre ; so it came to pass in that gene- 
 ration, and soon after his decease. Peter and Jude 
 foresaw the entrance of false prophets, and John, 
 both in his Epistles and the Revelation, describes 
 them more fully. 
 
 " The baptism of the Spirit being lost or not 
 known, several sorts of baptisms were brought forth ; 
 as sprinkling of infants, with which the nations 
 have been deceived by the false prophets. When 
 the gift of the ministry, through the Holy Ghost, 
 was lost and no more received, men began to make 
 ministers, by learning arts, and languages, and 
 human policy. They began to study, from books 
 and writings, what to preach, not having the Holy 
 Ghost, without which none are true ministers of 
 Christ. When men lost the knowledge of God, 
 that their bodies were His temple, then they began
 
 EDWABD BUBKOUGH. 173 
 
 to build temples without, and to set up false wor- 
 ships in them. Having lost the sense of God's 
 true worship, which is in spirit and in truth, they 
 began to worship in outward observances, which is 
 not the worship of God, but superstitious and idola- 
 trous. "When the word of God was not received 
 immediately from His mouth, nor the Gospel by 
 the revelation of Jesus Christ, as in the apostles' 
 days, they used their tongues, though the Lord had 
 not spoken to them, and they said that the letter is 
 the "Word, the letter is the Gospel, and it must be 
 received by the Scriptures, and by natural learning 
 and arts ; and none can be ministers of Christ, but 
 those who are learned in the languages. When 
 singing in the spirit and with the understanding 
 ceased, then people began to introduce the form of 
 singing David's experiences in rhyme and metre, 
 and thus, in the apostacy, the form grew as a sub- 
 stitute for that which the saints had enjoyed in 
 power ; shadows were set up instead of the sub- 
 stance, and death instead of life. 
 
 " Thus we see John's prophecy fulfilled, that the 
 holy city was given to be trodden under the feet of 
 the Gentiles ; and we also know the time is now 
 approaching, that the dominion of the beast is near 
 at an end, and the saints shall possess the holy city. 
 For he also foretold the restoration of the holy city, 
 wherein the new Jerusalem should be made manifest 
 from heaven, and should be again adorned as a bride 
 for her husband ; the tabernacle of God should be 
 with men upon earth, and the Lord would dwell for
 
 174 MEMOIE OF 
 
 ever with His people. This day is approaching nigh 
 at the door, for the fig-tree hath blossomed, and we 
 know it is near at hand ; the summer, wherein the 
 glory of the Lord shall be revealed to all nations, 
 and they shall know that He is the Lord God 
 Almighty, who will take vengeance on mystery 
 Babylon, that hath made all nations drunk with the 
 cup of her abominations." 
 
 The popular preachers of that day, with an 
 evident desire to stop the spreading of the religious 
 principles of the Society of Friends, stirred up 
 persecution against those who promulgated them. 
 The severity with which justices, judges, and juries 
 treated the members of the new Society was very 
 great, and was often not only incompatible with the 
 spirit of the Christian religion, but with a just 
 interpretation of the laws of England, and the pro- 
 visions of Magna Charta. Many of those who 
 now suffered, at the hands of bigoted Presbyterians 
 and Independents, unconstitutional outrage and 
 legalised oppression, had been actually engaged in 
 overturning the regal Government, because of its 
 infringement of the rights of the subject. How 
 deeply were they disappointed, in finding the great 
 principles of civil and religious liberty no better 
 secured, by the Government they had laboured to 
 set up, than they had been in the days of the Star 
 Chamber, and Episcopal domination. A revolution 
 had taken place, but it had brought to the Christian 
 citizen a mere change of masters, a substitute of
 
 EDWABD BTJBfiOUGH. 175 
 
 another code of State divinity, by which to fashion 
 his worship, principles and practice, leaving liberty 
 of conscience as little protected as ever. Many 
 found, and bitter was their disappointment at 
 finding, that the power and the disposition to invade 
 their rights, civil and religious, still continued, 
 although the rulers had been changed. The king 
 had given place to the parliament, the parliament 
 to the army, the army to Oliver Cromwell; a 
 succession of power-holders, none of whom seemed 
 disposed to support, upon a broad and Christian 
 basis, the principles of religious toleration, or civil 
 liberty. Cromwell, whilst he was ascending towards 
 the supreme authority, professed great attachment 
 to religious liberty. But when once he had grasped 
 the sceptre of rule, in violation of the oath he 
 had taken when inaugurated as Protector, and in 
 violation, we must believe, of the convictions of his 
 own conscience, he connived at, if he did not some- 
 times prompt, the cruel treatment which the mem- 
 bers of the Society of Friends were, without justice, 
 receiving at the hands of his officers. He knew 
 the principles of the Society, and having expressed 
 his satisfaction with the declaration of George Fox, 
 which showed that they believed it wrong to use 
 the sword in any case, he could have been under no 
 fear of their injuring his person, or unsettling his 
 government. 
 
 The hireling preachers had greater cause of 
 apprehension. The influence of the doctrines of 
 the new Society was felt by them to be great, and
 
 176 MEMOIE OF 
 
 increasing, and they knew that influence was opera- 
 ting against their pecuniary interest. The Scripture 
 testimony against preaching for hire, and against 
 paying for preaching, either in money or in tithes 
 of kind, was beginning to be understood by many, 
 and, with the powerful ministry of the Quakers, 
 was drawing off numbers everywhere from the 
 parish places of worship, and the gatherings of other 
 religious Societies where hirelings officiated. The 
 loss of their flocks, and the bold and truthful 
 denunciations against the immoral conduct which 
 disgraced many of the clergy, stirred them up to 
 acts of hostility and hatred against Friends. These 
 priests appear, in many instances, to have been 
 more eager for the loaves and fishes, the recompence 
 pertaining to their office by human law, or by con- 
 gregational agreement apportioned for hire, than to 
 win souls to Christ. 
 
 Oliver Cromwell felt that his government was in 
 its foundation unstable, and only to be maintained 
 by vigilant watchfulness, supported by the prompt 
 action of the military force. His policy was to 
 cultivate the good-will of those who had the greatest 
 influence to incite opposition to him among the 
 people, and he did not choose to irritate the clergy, 
 by protecting the persecuted Quakers from their 
 power. Edward Burrough, who was well acquainted 
 with the history of Oliver Cromwell, and who had 
 closely studied his character, had with his pen 
 called the attention of the Protector to the vows he 
 had made before he was exalted to power ; and how
 
 EDWABD BUBBOTJGH. 177 
 
 he now permitted grievous oppression and cruelty 
 to be acted in his name, even by those who were 
 his enemies. He told him that he was not ignorant 
 of the merciless proceedings acted against Friends ; 
 and as he did not restrain them, the Divine judg- 
 ments would overtake him, unless he repented. 
 The first address presented to Oliver Cromwell by 
 Edward, was written whilst he was in Ireland, in 
 1655 ; and as the cruelty practised against his 
 fellow-members continued to increase, in the year 
 1657 he again employed his pen in various addresses, 
 laying before the Protector a view of the state of 
 things in England, in a strain of mingled entreaty 
 and warning. 
 
 In one written early in the third month, whilst 
 Cromwell was yet debating in his own mind whether 
 he should accept the title of king, which the Parlia- 
 ment offered him, the following passages occur : 
 
 " As one that hath obtained mercy from the Lord, 
 and unto whom his word is committed, being moved 
 of him, I do hereby in his presence yet once more 
 warn thee, that thou fear before him, and diligently 
 hearken to him, and seek him with all thy heart, 
 that thou mayest know his will and counsel con- 
 cerning thee, and mayest do it, and find favour in 
 his sight, and live. Xow is the day that his hand 
 is stretched forth unto thee, to make thee a blessing 
 or to leave thee a curse for ever." '' If thou 
 rejectest the counsel of the Lord, and followest the 
 desires of thine own heart, and the wills of men, 
 
 N
 
 178 MEMOIB OF 
 
 and wilt not have the Light of the world, Christ 
 Jesus only, to rule thee, and to teach thee, who con- 
 demns all evil, then shall evil surely fall upon tluv. 
 The judgments of God, and the day of his last visi- 
 tation with vengeance, thou mayest not escape. 
 Therefore consider and mark my words, and let 
 this counsel be acceptable unto thee ; let it move 
 thee to meekness, to humbleness, and to fear before 
 the Lord ; assuredly knowing, that it is He that 
 changeth times and things, and that bringeth down, 
 and setteth up whomsoever he will ; and how thou 
 wast raised from a low state, and set over all thine 
 enemies." " And it was not once thought con- 
 cerning thee, that the hands of the ungodly would 
 have been strengthened against the righteous under 
 thee, or that such grievous and cruel burdens and 
 oppressions would ever have been laid upon the 
 just, and acted against them in thy name, and under 
 thy dominion, as unrighteously have come to pass in 
 these three years. This thy suffering of such things 
 is thy transgression, and thou hast not requited the 
 Lord well for his goodness unto thee, nor fulfilled 
 his will, in suffering that to be done under thee and 
 in thy name, which the Lord raised thee against 
 and to break down, hadst thou been faithful to the 
 end. 
 
 " Again, consider, and let it move on thy heart, 
 not to exalt thyself, nor to be high-minded, but to 
 fear continually, knowing that thou staudest not by 
 thyself, but by another, and that he is able to abase 
 thee, and give thee into the will of thine enemies,
 
 EDWARD BUEEOTJGH. 179 
 
 whensoever he will. How hath the Lord preserved 
 thee, sometimes wonderfully, and doth unto this 
 day, from the murderous plots, and crafty policy of 
 evil men, who seek thy evil, and would rejoice in 
 thy fall, and in the desolation of thy family and 
 countries ! How have they, and do they, lay snares 
 for thy feet, that thou mayest be cut off from among 
 men, and die unhappily, and be accounted accursed ! 
 And yet to this day he hath preserved thee, and 
 been near to keep thee, though thou hast hardly 
 known it. The Lord's end is love to thee in all 
 these things, and yet a little longer to try thee, that 
 thou mayest give him the glory. 
 
 " O that thy heart were opened to see his hand, 
 that thou mightest live unto him, and die in him, in 
 peace. Beware lest hardness of heart possess thee, 
 if thou slight his love, and so thou be shut up in 
 darkness and given to the desires of thine enemies, 
 and left to the counsels of treacherous men, who 
 may seek to exalt thee by flattery, that they may 
 the better cast thee down, and destroy thee, and 
 blot out thy name in reproach, and make thy 
 posterity a people miserable. But now, consider, 
 and let it enter into thy heart, for thou hast not 
 answered the Lord, but been wanting to him for 
 all this, and hast chosen thy own way with glory, 
 rather than his, and not fulfilled his counsel in rais- 
 ing thee. For the bonds of cruelty are not loosed 
 by thee, and the oppressed are not altogether set 
 free ; neither is oppression taken off' from the back 
 of the poor, nor the laws regulated, nor the liberty 
 N 2
 
 180 MEJIOIE OF 
 
 of pure consciences altogether allowed ; but these 
 dominions are filled with cruel oppressions, and the 
 poor groan everywhere under the heavy hand of 
 injustice ; the needy are trodden down under 
 foot, and the oppressed cry for deliverance, and are 
 ready to faint for true justice and judgment. The 
 proud exalt themselves against the poor, and the 
 high-minded and rebellious contemn the meek of 
 the earth ; the horn of the ungodly is exalted above 
 the Lord's heritage, and they that are departed 
 from iniquity are become a prey to oppressors; 
 and the cruel-hearted deal cruelly with the innocent 
 in these nations. Many are unjustly and wofully 
 sufferers, because they cannot swear on this or that 
 occasion ; though in all cases they speak the truth, 
 and do obey Christ's commands. Such are trodden 
 upon, by unjust fines charged upon them ; and this 
 is by the corruptness of some that bear rule under 
 thee, who rule not for God as they ought, but turn 
 the sword of justice. 
 
 "Some suffer long and tedious imprisonments, 
 and others cruel stripes and abuses, and danger of 
 life many times, from wicked men, for reproving 
 sin, and crying against the abominations of the times, 
 (which the Scriptures also testify against,) in 
 streets, or other places. Some have been sent to 
 prison, taken on the highway, and no evil charged 
 against them ; and others committed, being taken 
 out of peaceable meetings, and whipped, and sent to 
 prison, without transgression of any law, just or 
 unjust, wholly through the rage and envy of the
 
 EDWABD BUKEOUGH. 181 
 
 devil, and such who have perverted judgment and 
 justice. Some in prison have suffered superabund- 
 antly from the hands of the cruel gaolers and their 
 servants, by beatings and threatenings, and putting 
 irons on them, and not suffering any of their friends 
 to visit them with necessaries. Some have died in 
 the prisons, whose lives were not dear to them, 
 whose blood will be reckoned in account against 
 thee one day. Some have suffered hard cruelties, 
 because they could not respect persons, and bow 
 with hat or knee ; and from these cruelties canst 
 thou not altogether be excused in the sight of God, 
 being brought forth in thy name, and under thy 
 power. Consider, friend, and be awakened to true 
 judgment, and let the Lord search thy heart ; and 
 lay these things to mind, that thou mayest be an 
 instrument to remove every burden, and mayest at 
 last fulfil the will of God. be awakened, be 
 awakened, and seek the Lord's glory, and not thy 
 own ; lest thou perish before the Lord and men. 
 Nay, if men would give thee honours, and high 
 titles, and princely thrones, take them not ; for that 
 which would exalt and honour thee in the world 
 would betray to the world, and cast thee down in 
 the sight of the world. And this is God's word to 
 thee : What ! shall the whole nation be perjured 
 men, and thou the cause of it ? And wilt thou 
 transgress, by building again that which thou hast 
 destroyed? Give heed unto my words, and under- 
 stand my speech ; be not exalted by man, lest man 
 betray thee. Deal favourably, and relieve the
 
 182 MEMOIR OF 
 
 oppressed; boast not thyself, though the Lord 
 hath used thee in his hand ; but know that when he 
 will, he can cast thee, as a rod, out of his hand, into 
 the fire ; for in his hand thou art. If thou wilt 
 honour him, he will honour thee ; otherwise he can, 
 yea, and will confound thee, and make thee weak 
 as water before him. His love through my heart 
 breathes unto thee : he would thy happiness, if thou 
 wilfully contemn it not, by exalting thyself, and 
 seeking thy own glory, and hardening thy heart 
 against the cry of the poor. This I was moved 
 in bowels of pity to lay before thee, who am thy 
 friend, not in flattery, but in an upright heart, who 
 wishes well unto thee in the Lord. 
 
 "EDWABD BUBEOTJGH." 
 
 It is said that Cromwell, in a public prayer 
 offered up by him, when about to attack the 
 Scottish army at Dunbar, declared that if the Lord 
 would give him the victory that day, he would 
 relieve the country from the great oppression of 
 tithes. This promise in the day of his power he 
 had not fulfilled, and the members of the Society 
 of Friends, at this time, (1567,) were enduring 
 great persecution, because they felt conscientiously 
 restrained from paying for the support of a hire- 
 ling ministry. In the fourth month, Edward Bur- 
 rough had an interview with Cromwell, in which he 
 laid verbally before him the sufferings of Friends. 
 The Protector endeavoured to justify himself by 
 saying, that all persecutions and cruelty were con-
 
 EDWABD BUBROTJGH. 183 
 
 trary to his will, and that he was not guilty of the 
 injustice done to the Quakers. On reflecting on 
 this assertion of Cromwell, Edward again wrote to 
 him : 
 
 " Consider what the cause is, that what thou 
 desirest not to be done, is yet done. Is it not that 
 thou mayest please men ; making it appear thou 
 art more willing to do the false teachers of this 
 nation, and wicked men, a pleasure, than to own 
 the people of God, in relieving them, and easing 
 them in their cruel burdens and oppressions, laid 
 upon them by unjust men ? For a word of thy 
 mouth, or a show of thy countenance, in dislike to 
 these cruel and unjust persecutions, would bind the 
 hands of many blood-thirsty men. Therefore con- 
 sider, thou canst not be cleared in the sight of the 
 Lord God from them, being acted under thee, and 
 in thy name : for there seems rather to be a favour- 
 ing of them in thee, by forbearance of the actors 
 of cruelty, by which their hands are strengthened, 
 than any dislike showed by thee, in bearing thy 
 witness, as thou oughtest to do, against them. For 
 thou knowest of some in the city, and elsewhere, 
 whom we know to be just men, who suffer impri- 
 sonment, and the loss of their liberties, because for 
 conscience sake they cannot swear ; and many 
 others in this nation, .suffering cruel things upon 
 the like, or same ground ; even for well-doing, and 
 not for evil ; which oppression might be removed, 
 and their unjust sufferings taken off by thee, by a
 
 184 MEMOIE OF 
 
 word from thy mouth or pen ; and this makes that 
 thou canst not be clear in the sight of God in 
 these things, because not helped by thee, who hast 
 the power to help them. 
 
 " EDWABD BUBBOUGH." 
 
 In the sixth month, as no action appeared to be 
 taken by Cromwell for relieving those oppressed 
 for conscience sake, Edward once more visited him 
 by a letter of remonstrance and warning, in which 
 he told him that the good name, Protector, which 
 he bore, was abused and subverted, through the 
 great oppressions and injustice acted under it. He 
 says, that several justices of the peace and others 
 had been cast out of places of trust, because they 
 owned the people called Quakers, though they had 
 not refused to serve him and the Commonwealth, 
 and though no unfaithfulness to their trust had 
 been proved against them. 
 
 In the seventh month, he again addressed the 
 Protector. In this letter he said, and Cromwell 
 well knew the truth of the assertion, that many 
 persons were plotting his destruction, some of 
 whom, if they could take his life, regarded not the 
 danger they might encounter in effecting that 
 purpose. He adds, that as Cromwell was allowing 
 tyranny and oppression, the Lord might permit 
 other wicked men to plague the present wicked 
 rulers, and suffer other oppressors to overcome the 
 present enacters of oppression.
 
 EDWAED BTJEBOUGH. 185 
 
 CHAPTEE VII. 
 
 ROBEET MAYO, the priest of Kingston-on-the- 
 Thames, about the beginning of the year 1657, 
 sent a message to Edward Burrough, requesting a 
 visit from him. Edward accepted the invitation, 
 and was told by Mayo to speak freely whatever he 
 had against him. The priest also offered to meet 
 him, to dispute either in public or private, and 
 challenged him to come to his steeple-house, and 
 call him a deceiver, if he dare. Edward was not 
 easily frightened, and soon afterwards went to the 
 place of worship where Mayo officiated. The 
 priest, probably because Edward was present, made 
 some assertions, which he perhaps deemed as anti- 
 dotes to Quakerism; one was, "that Paul, as a 
 minister of Christ, exhorted the saints to follow 
 and obey a light, which was not Christ ; nor the 
 Light of the Gospel." Another, " that people 
 ought to follow and obey a light which is not 
 Christ, nor the Light of the Gospel." The third, 
 " that a man may be a righteous man, and not a 
 godly man." The fourth, "that the Light of 
 Christ, which every man is lighted withal, (John i. 
 9), is carnal, and darkness." The fifth, "that 
 Christ was not the "Word that David walked by." 
 
 After Mayo had finished his discourse, Edward 
 declared these doctrines to be erroneous and dam- 
 nable, and he who promulgated them was a de-
 
 186 MEMOIR OF 
 
 ceiver. It does not appear that any attempt was 
 made by the priest to defend the assertions he had 
 made, but he commenced a suit against Edward for 
 slander. Edward was arrested, and cast into 
 prison, but does not appear to have been detained 
 there very long. The case was not tried until the 
 fifth month in the following year, when we shall 
 again advert to it. 
 
 On the 15th day of the sixth month, 1657, 
 Edward Burrough either wrote or finished "A Tes- 
 timony concerning London." It contains a close 
 reproof against treachery, flattery, hypocrisy, pride, 
 wantonness, and wickedness, as well as a warning 
 to flee from them, and a tender invitation to come 
 unto Christ Jesus, that salvation may be expe- 
 rienced. He says, " Ignorance abounds in thy old 
 men, and rudeness and wildness in thy youth. Thy 
 people are without the knowledge of God, and 
 perish for lack of knowledge. Thou art even as a 
 wild untilled garden, which bringeth forth no 
 pleasant fruit. Thy vines are as the vines of 
 Sodom, and thy fruit is loathsome to the Lord's 
 taste. Wild grapes and sour grapes are brought 
 forth in thee, which the Lord hath no pleasure in. 
 Te bring forth fruit unto yourselves, and not unto 
 the Lord ; ye kindle a fire, and warm yourselves 
 with your own sparks; ye sacrifice to your own 
 net, and think to be heard for your much babbling 
 and your many performances. Abundance of the 
 first man's wisdom is among you ; it leads you, and 
 guides you, and not the Spirit of God. Through
 
 EDWAED BUBBOUGH. 187 
 
 your own wisdom, which is devilish, you conform 
 to the saints' words, and to their practices in out- 
 ward appearance, and make yourselves like the 
 saints, and bow unto your own images and like- 
 nesses which ye make, and are grown wise, and full 
 of knowledge, but it is not the wisdom of Grod, nor 
 the knowledge that will endure for ever; for ye 
 neglect the one thing which is only needful to 
 eternal life. Tour buildings are high, but they are 
 not upon the true foundation, for many of you 
 stumble at the corner stone. Tour sprinkling 
 children is a cheat ; all that believe therein are 
 deceived. Tour singing of David's experience in 
 rhyme and metre is a very lie unto you. Tour 
 worship is but idolatry, and it will not cover you 
 in the day of the Lord. Though none be like unto 
 thee, O London ! in profession, nor any city hardly 
 can compare with thee in respect of the multitude 
 of thy gathered assemblies, and self-separates ; yet 
 all this will not avail thee, when the Lord searcheth 
 thy heart, which is found not perfect, but full of 
 vain-glory, and lust and pleasures of the flesh. 
 
 " All ye that thirst for the Lord, and desire the 
 knowledge of his ways, unto whom iniquity is a 
 burden, which you desire to be freed from ; who 
 have long sought the Lord, and have not yet found 
 him ; who have prayed, and had no answer ; and 
 have been weary and heavy laden, and found no 
 rest ; I say. to you, save yourselves from this unto- 
 ward generation. Come ye out of these abomina- 
 tions, that ye may be delivered from the wrath.
 
 188 
 
 MEMOIB OF 
 
 Fear the Lord, and do not offend him in any thing. 
 Stand in awe, and transgress not. Love righteous- 
 ness and truth. Touch no unclean thing, and the 
 Lord will receive you. Meddle not with their 
 worships, bow not to their images, nor sacrifice to 
 their idol gods. Have no fellowship with them in 
 their profaneness, nor yet in their hypocrisy ; but 
 hearken ye to the voice of the Lord, that ye may 
 know his judgments in your hearts, and his law 
 and covenant established with you. Depart from 
 all iniquity, cast away all your idols, and forsake all 
 your lovers. Give not yourselves to the ways and 
 pleasures of this world, but give yourselves to 
 charity, to soberness, and meekness, and above all 
 things, be upright in heart toward God and toward 
 man. Speak the truth one to another, and let no 
 guile dwell in your lips, nor a deceitful tongue in 
 your mouth. Cease from all vain-glory, and vain 
 customs and fashions of the world, which are evil." 
 
 Attached to this "Testimony concerning London" 
 is the following, viz. : 
 
 "A Warning to all sorts of People. 
 " Ye merchants, and traders and traffickers, and 
 all ye that buy and sell, be plain and upright- 
 hearted ; and lie not, swear not, dissemble not for 
 gain unto yourselves, for that is cursed of the 
 Lord, and the gain that is thereby received. Speak 
 the truth, every man to his neighbour ; flatter not 
 such with whom you deal by feigned words of
 
 EDWABD BUHEOUGH. 189 
 
 guile, whilst secret over-reaching lodgeth in your 
 hearts, to make a prey upon your neighbour or 
 brother, for this is evil in the sight of the Lord ; 
 but speak the truth in all things, and let your yea 
 be yea, and your nay, nay, in all your common occa- 
 sions, for whatsoever is more is evil. What is 
 advantaged unto you through deceit, or lying, or 
 multitude of vain words ? It shall be a curse 
 unto you, and not a blessing to you, or to your 
 children. Let the truth guide you in all your 
 dealings one with another, and let the fear of God 
 be in your hearts in all your enterprises both by 
 sea and land. 
 
 " I warn you all, seek not by any evil means to 
 enrich yourselves, neither oppress one another in 
 any thing wherein you deal ; for you know not how 
 long your time shall be upon earth, nor how soon 
 the day of account will come, wherein every word 
 and every work shall be brought to judgment, yea, 
 for every idle word ye shall give an account, and all 
 those words are idle which are not spoken in the 
 fear of the Lord ; therefore, live and act in the fear 
 of God, that you may be blessed in all that you do. 
 
 " And all ye whom the Lord hath blessed with 
 riches and increase, see that you abuse not that 
 which God hath blessed you withal, but in all things 
 that it be used to the glory of the Lord, and not 
 wasted in excess upon the lust of your own minds ; 
 for the creation is the Lord's, and all things are 
 given by him, and taken away at his pleasure, and 
 he maketh rich, and he maketh poor, whomsoever he
 
 190 MEMOIB OF 
 
 will. Therefore every man be content with his own, 
 and covet not one another's, nor defraud one another 
 to enrich yourselves, for it is cursed of the Lord. 
 
 "And all ye handicraft people, and labouring 
 people, fear ye the Lord continually, and use no 
 deceit, nor craft, nor policy in what you do. Seek 
 not to blind men's eyes by fair outsides, neither to 
 cozen and cheat the simple by slighty work, but let 
 the truth guide you, and that will teach you to do 
 for all men as ye would they should do for you, and 
 this is acceptable in the sight of God. Let your 
 commodities be just and right, and let all your labour 
 be with a single heart, and do all things as in the 
 sight of the Lord, and then you cannot do evil if 
 the fear of God be before your eyes. The evil in 
 all things will be denied, and the corruption that is 
 entered into all callings and trades will be judged 
 out ; and be examples one to another of truth and 
 righteousness; and cozen not, nor cheat one another, 
 nor use many words, nor vain gestures, but own tin- 
 Lord to be your teacher, who will teach you truth, 
 to do it, and to speak it in all things. 
 
 " And all ye young men and apprentices, learn ye 
 the fear of the Lord, and take heed of temptations, 
 lest ye be destroyed both soul and body by them. 
 Learn not to dissemble, nor to defraud, nor take 
 instructions how to cozen and cheat, but first seek 
 the kingdom of God and its righteousness, and then 
 all outward things shall be added unto you. Give 
 not yourselves to any evil. Beware of wine and 
 women, which steal away the hearts of many. Give
 
 EDWAKD BUBEOTTGH. 191 
 
 not yourselves to vanity, nor fulfil the desire of 
 your own minds in anything. Covet not after 
 riches, neither study how to be proud and vain- 
 glorious. Give not yourselves to craft and human 
 policies, nor to deceive any people ; but fear God 
 and keep his commandments, and be subject to your 
 masters, and obey them in all things that are good, 
 and be dutiful to them in that which is just and 
 righteous, but deny them in whatsoever is evil. 
 Learn not craft and policy from them, neither vice, 
 nor drunkenness, nor cozening, nor any other thing 
 which is evil, but rather reprove those things, than 
 in the least to follow them. If you do the truth, 
 and speak the truth in all things, and keep your- 
 selves from whatsoever is evil, then will the Lord 
 bless you outwardly, and inwardly, and the know- 
 ledge of G-od will be your crown in old age. Cease 
 from all gainings, and vain sportings, and from all 
 wantonness and vain pleasures, and from all the 
 works of the flesh ; for they that follow such things 
 shall neither prosper in this world, nor be blessed 
 in the world to coine. "Wherefore take heed unto 
 yourselves all ye that are young in the world ; be 
 not overcome of evil, nor follow evil devices, but 
 stand in awe continually, and offend not God, who 
 gives you life, and health, and all good things. 
 
 " And all ye masters and heads of families, this is 
 a warning to you. Be examples of all good in your 
 families unto your children and servants. Rule in 
 authority in the fear of God, but not in tyranny, 
 nor a rigorous mind ; teach and instruct in fear,
 
 192 MEMOIR OF 
 
 and not in cruelty. Give no bad example in pride, 
 vain-glory, drunkenness, dissimulation, or any other 
 evil thing, but stand as a terror over all evil, and as 
 encouragers of all good. Bind not the conscience 
 of any under your power, curb sin only, and reprove 
 not righteousness. Seek ye to be taught of God, 
 and then may you instruct all under you in his 
 way ; be pitiful towards your children and servants, 
 and pass by offences rather than punish them with 
 cruelty. And make not a prey upon your servants, 
 to serve your own heads only, seeking your own 
 good only, and not theirs ; for such things are evil 
 in the sight of Gt)d, and are to be condemned. Let 
 no excess, neither let want be in your families, but 
 that which is honest and right. Love that in all 
 things, and follow it. Let not your anger and pas- 
 sion exceed when offence is given you, and do not 
 correct in cruelty, but in a good understanding ; 
 and walk in the truth, and fulfil the will of God, 
 and not your own, and this is of great price and 
 acceptable in the sight of the Lord. 
 
 " And all ye tavern-keepers and inn-keepers, fear 
 the Lord God, and oppress not your guests, neither 
 feed the lust of any till they be drunk, for that is 
 cursed of God both in you and them, and that 
 which he will be avenged of. Oh, great is that 
 abomination among you. Much of the good crea- 
 tures is vainly and wickedly spent aud abused in 
 your dwellings. [You think] your advantage stands 
 in the abuse of the creatures by excess, and the 
 Lord is grieved with you because of that.
 
 EDWAED BTJEBOUGH. 193 
 
 " And all sorts of people, rich and poor, high and 
 low, masters and servants, parents and children, 
 buyers and sellers, tradesmen and labourers, hearken 
 to the counsel of God, and seek to know his will 
 to you in all things, that you may do it in following 
 all that is good, and denying all that is evil, that 
 your souls may live. Let not the devil lead you, 
 nor his temptations overcome you in any thing, but 
 resist him in whatsoever he would lead you into 
 which is against God and contrary to him. 
 
 " Repent of all evil that ever you have acted, and 
 let the Lord be your guide, that you may not 
 utterly perish, and your city be destroyed for your 
 sakes. The Lord's love is towards you, and he 
 waits to be gracious unto you, and desireth your 
 return rather than your destruction, and would 
 heal you if you did wait upon him, and would bless 
 your city, and make you happy in it, if you do his 
 will, and deny your own. 
 
 " I am a friend unto all your souls, and a pub- 
 lisher of peace and of glad tidings to all that thirst 
 for the Lord, and he hath given me power to warn 
 you of all your iniquities and abominations to deny 
 them, and to warn you to follow that which is good. 
 Oh that ye knew, in this your day, the things which 
 belong to your peace, which now ye may know, be- 
 fore they be totally hid from your eyes, and there 
 be no place for repentance, nor time of returning. 
 This day will come upon many, and they cannot 
 escape it, who now harden their hearts against 
 the way of their own peace, and even scorn to be 
 o
 
 194 MEMOIR OF 
 
 reproved for their transgression. Such my soul pities, 
 who are going in the way of destruction, and run 
 hastily into perdition. I have many times been made 
 sad by reason of such, when I have measured the 
 condition of all people ; upon my bed I have pondered 
 what abomination was in thee, and what would be 
 the end thereof, and I have desired nothing so much 
 as that I might faithfully warn thee, and free myself 
 and the Lord from the blood of all men. Deep 
 thoughts have been upon me, concerning what the 
 counsel of the Lord is unto you all, that I might 
 manifest the truth, and discover the abominations, 
 and I have not spared to cry repentance unto sin- 
 ners, that sinners might be converted, and turn 
 unto the Lord ; and thus far I am clear of the blood 
 of all men, and the Lord is clear, and if the wicked 
 perish, it is because of their unbelief, and gainsaying 
 of the Lord. This is the testimony which I give 
 unto thee, and unto all thy people : O, London, 
 hearken and consider ! this is the day of your visit- 
 ation, and there is not another way to life, nor to 
 escape everlasting death and destruction, than that 
 which the Lord hath showed you. Blessed is he 
 that can receive it, and they that deny it do utterly 
 perish without mercy. 
 
 " I am as a stranger among you, yet well known to 
 the Lord, and the testimony of God concerning you 
 shall stand for ever, for it is true, and shall not be con- 
 founded, though the wicked reject it to their own 
 destruction. "EDWARD BURROUGH. 
 
 " London, 15th of Sixth month, 1657."
 
 EDWARD BUBEOUGn. 195 
 
 Edward Burrough appears to have remained in 
 London and neighbourhood, most of the summer of 
 1657, and was, as usual, industrious, both in his 
 vocal labours and with his pen. In " A just and 
 lawful Trial of the Teachers and professed Ministry 
 of this Age," he draws a striking contrast between 
 the hireling priests of his day, and the minister of 
 the apostolic ages. " The last were made ministers of 
 Christ by the gift of the Holy Ghost, and by power 
 from on high only ; and what they ministered to 
 others, they freely received from Christ, and had 
 handled, felt, and tasted of the word of life. The 
 former are made ministers by natural learning, edu- 
 cation, the knowledge of arts, and by the ordination 
 of men." " The ministers of Jesus Christ went up 
 and down through the world, declaring the word of the 
 Lord freely in the market-places, in the synagogues? 
 and in the streets. They went from country to 
 country, and were strangers upon earth." " The 
 hireling priests settle themselves to preach at one 
 place, receiving so much a year for what they do. 
 The ministers of Christ sought to make people Chris- 
 tians by bringing them into fellowship with God, 
 through conversation and a knowledge of the truth ; 
 neither did they account any as such who had not 
 experienced repentance, and had their hearts changed 
 by the Holy Spirit. The hirelings pretend to make 
 Christians, by sprinkling them with water while in- 
 fants." 
 
 A priest in London, whose name was John Jackson, 
 in 1657, published a book against Friends, entitled, 
 o 2
 
 196 MEMOIR OF 
 
 " Hosanna to the Son of David." In this, much 
 was said about James Xayler and his fall, and the 
 truth was held up in derision because thereof. 
 
 EichardHubberthorn wrote an answer to the book, 
 with the title, " The Cause of Stumbling removed 
 from all that will receive the Truth, and from before 
 the wise Men of London." To this book, on the 
 3rd of ninth month, Edward Burrough wrote a pre- 
 face, in which he says ; " Though the Lord's people 
 be a suffering people, yet woe unto them that cau^e 
 them to suffer. And though he [John Jackson] 
 and some others in their spirits were elevated, 
 thinking thereby to trample upon the innocent, by 
 that occasion happening concerning [J. X.], yet it 
 was not suffered of the Lord to be as an occasion 
 to destroy his people, but as an occasion to try 
 them, and to prove them ; and thereby they tire 
 tried and proved, and the more settled rather than 
 confounded. John Jackson and such-like may glory 
 in such things for a moment, because the appearance 
 of it seems evil, yet the Lord will make their glory- 
 ing void, for he hath ways enough to preserve his 
 people. This we have found in many needful times. 
 As concerning this thing, which was looked upon 
 as a breach among us by many, yet it is over, and 
 truth stands atop of it, and the beauty of truth ap- 
 pears through it all, for truth is more lovely when 
 it is proved and purged." 
 
 In this year he also wrote a doctrinal work, 
 entitled, "A Standard lifted up. and an Ensign 
 held forth to all Nations ; " in which he sets forth
 
 EDWARD BURROUGH. 197 
 
 some of the principles and testimonies of the reli- 
 gious Society of Friends. This work contains the 
 following, viz. : 
 
 " Concerning the true God. 
 
 " The true God is a Spirit, and is infinite, eternal, 
 and everlasting, the Creator of all things, the life 
 and being of all things, the power by which all 
 things stand. All creatures have a being in him, 
 and by him and without him no creature is, or doth 
 move upon the face of the earth. This is He 
 whom we worship, and fear, and obey, and he 
 brings to pass by his counsel whatsoever he will, 
 and nothing can prevent the purpose of his mind, 
 but his counsel stands for ever. He is the righteous 
 judge of all things, and before him must all man- 
 kind come to judgment, and the living and the dead 
 by him must be judged : he is a rewarder of every 
 one according to their deeds, whether they be good 
 or whether they be evil. His greatness, power, 
 majesty, and dominion are over all and beyond all, 
 ruling above all in the power of his own will, and 
 who may say what doest thou ? His eye seeth all, 
 and his presence filleth all, and no creature can be 
 hid from his sight ; he is near at hand and afar off; 
 he searcheth man's heart and trieth the reins, and 
 shows unto man his own thoughts ; he justifieth 
 the righteous and condemneth the wicked. He is 
 light itself, and in him is no darkness at all. This 
 is the true God whom we worship.
 
 198 MEMOIR OF 
 
 " Concerning the Son of God. 
 
 " The Son of God, who is called Christ, the 
 Prince of peace and righteousness, is one with the 
 Father in power and dominion, and was with him 
 before the world was. By him the Father created 
 all things, and without him was not anything made 
 that was made. He is heir of all things, and is the 
 Prince of the kingdom of righteousness, of peace 
 and truth. He is the Word and Power by which 
 all things consist, and is the salvation of mankind, 
 and the very life of the world. He inherits life and 
 immortality, and is the Redeemer, Saviour, Deliverer, 
 and Restorer of the children of men. He is thi- 
 very wisdom and power of the Creator, and the 
 Father doth nothing without the Sou, and by him 
 and through him the Father brings all things to 
 pass. By him the Father will judge the whole 
 earth, and all the children of Adam therein. This 
 Christ Jesus, the Son of God, is the life and light 
 of the world, and hath enlightened all mankind. 
 Every one that cometh into the world is lighted by 
 him with the true light of life or condemnation ; 
 and what the Son doth, the Father doth also. He 
 is at his right hand exalted, and is the very express 
 image of the Father, and is the Father's gift into 
 the world, and is given to all mankind that they may 
 have life by him, and all that receive him have life 
 and salvation. But many receive him not, and they 
 that receive him not, perish, even because they do
 
 EDWABD BUBROUGH. 199 
 
 not receive him whom the Father hath given into 
 the world ; for he is the arm of God's salvation, and 
 is the leader of his people. 
 
 " Concerning the Spirit of God. 
 
 " The Spirit is with the Father, and with the Son, 
 is present everywhere, filleth all places, and is for 
 ever and ever. He trieth all things, and revealeth 
 the things of the Father and of the Son unto all 
 that believe in the Son. He makes manifest, and 
 searcheth into the deep things of God, and witnesseth 
 the salvation of the just, and the condemnation of 
 the unjust. He is not absent from any place, or 
 contained in any one place. The Father and the 
 Son work all things through him, and bring all 
 things in heaven and earth to pass by him. He 
 works in the hearts of the children of men, and 
 in every one witnesseth of the Father and of the 
 Son, to the justness, greatness, righteousness, and 
 power of the Eternal Creator, that made all things 
 by the Son through his Eternal Spirit, which is 
 one with the Father and with the Son, and is the 
 worker of their will and mind in all things. He 
 worketh in the wicked to reprove them, and to 
 witness against them that God is angry with them. 
 He worketh in the righteous, and witnesseth the 
 love, and mercy, and peace of the Father unto 
 them. He that can receive it, let him. This is 
 the testimony of the Spirit of God, and it leadeth 
 into all truth, and out of all evil, all that are guided
 
 200 MEMOIII or 
 
 by it ; and it is given to be the guide and rule of 
 life to the children of God. 
 
 " Concerning Man and all Mankind. 
 
 " Man was created in the image of God, and was 
 without sin or evil brought forth to do the will of 
 him that created him, and was lord over all crea- 
 tures, to use them to the glory of the Creator, and 
 all creatures were to serve him. But man trans- 
 gressed against his Maker, offended and dishonoured 
 him, and became degenerate, and grieved his Maker 
 continually, and was driven out from the presence 
 of the Lord. He is now a child of disobedience 
 and of wrath, and an enemy in his mind against 
 the Lord that made him. He is doing and ful- 
 filling daily the will of the devil, and grieveth 
 the Spirit of God, and vexeth his righteous soul, 
 and is subject unto the curse of woe and destruc- 
 tion. 
 
 " Being ignorant of the life and power and 
 wisdom of the Creator, to guide him and to pre- 
 serve him, he follows the counsel of his own heart, 
 which is evil altogether. Though he was made 
 upright, yet hath he sought out many inventions, 
 which are abominable unto the Lord. The ground 
 in which he stands is corrupted, and all his fruit is 
 unpleasant, even bitter and evil unto the Lord's 
 taste. Man is fallen into the pit of misery and 
 sorrow, compassed about with desolation, and is 
 left without help from himself, or from any other
 
 EDWABD BUBEOUGH. 201 
 
 creature, and this, in snort, is the state of all man- 
 kind upon the face of the earth. Man was planted 
 a noble vine, wholly a right seed, to bring forth 
 good fruit unto his Maker, but he is turned into a 
 degenerate plant, bringing forth cursed fruits, which 
 the Creator hath no pleasure in. His best works 
 are not accepted, and his evil deeds are condemned, 
 because the ground in which he stands is accursed, 
 because of disobedience. 
 
 " Concerning the World in general, and the State of 
 Tilings as they have been, and as now they are. 
 
 " Darkness hath been over the face of the earth, 
 and thick darkness hath covered the people for 
 many ages. The beast hath reigned upon the face 
 of the whole earth, and all nations have been sub- 
 ject to his power and dominion. Even the kings 
 and princes of the earth have given their power 
 unto him, all the world have wondered after him, 
 as it is written ; and the whole world hath wor- 
 shipped the beast and his image. He hath power 
 to kill all that would not worship him. Both small 
 and great, rich and poor, have been subject to his 
 government ; and he hath had power to war against 
 the saints, and to make war with them, and to over- 
 come them, even all that would not worship him. 
 The rule and government of the Son of God hath 
 not been witnessed among men for ages, nor the 
 true God known, nor manifestly worshipped in 
 spirit and truth ; but He hath been as a stranger
 
 202 MEMOIR OF 
 
 among men, and they have been ignorant of his 
 ways and judgments. 
 
 " People have been doing that which is right in 
 the sight of their own eyes, and God hath been 
 forgotten, days without number. The living foun- 
 tain hath been forsaken, and many broken cisterns 
 have been hewn out, which have not holden pure 
 water. Great evils and continual abominations have 
 been acted in the sight of God, and the measure of 
 iniquity hath been fulfilling through many gene- 
 rations, and it is grown nigh to the full. The law 
 of God hath been made void, and his grace hath 
 been turned into wantonness, and all things have 
 been out of good order. Kings, princes, rulers, 
 governments, laws, and decrees have been corrupt, 
 and not right in the sight of the Lord. Oppres- 
 sions, tyranny, and vain-glory have abounded in 
 the nations, justice and true judgment have been 
 neglected, mercy and truth have been strangers, 
 the world hath been filled with violence, and the 
 earth stained and polluted with oppressions, injus- 
 tice, and cruelties. The cry of the poor hath not 
 been heard ; every one hath sought themselves, and 
 not the Lord, nor the good one of another. 
 
 " The kings and princes of the earth have not 
 been perfect nor upright before the Lord, but vain- 
 glory hath abounded, and superstitions and idola- 
 tries have reigned over them, and unrighteousness 
 hath abounded, and self-seeking. They have risen 
 up one against another, quarrelling and destroying 
 one another, to gain one another's dominions by
 
 EDWAKD BU11BOITGH. 203 
 
 craft, and policy, and strong hand, and the poor have 
 been oppressed and trodden down, and thousands 
 of thousands destroyed to fulfil the will, and lust, 
 and pride of their hearts. 
 
 " All this hath been evil in the sight of the Lord, 
 and his soul hath been weary with it, by the de- 
 struction of his creatures, one by another. Rulers, 
 teachers, and people have been out of the way, and 
 subverted from that wherein God hath pleasure ; 
 and the prince of darkness hath ruled in his 
 dominion, swaying his government, and things 
 both of civil and spiritual concernment have been 
 out of the counsel of the Lord. Oh, what cruel 
 injustice and tyranny in civil government ! What 
 abominable superstitions and idolatries have been 
 in (supposed) church governments ! 
 
 " It is a vexation to the Spirit of the Lord to 
 consider it, and the righteous soul hath long cried 
 out and mourned under it ; and because of this is 
 the Lord of heaven and earth now risen to over- 
 turn ; to overturn kings and princes, governments 
 and laws. He will confound and break down 
 tyranny and oppression, under which the poor have 
 groaned ; and he will change times, and laws, and 
 governments. There shall be no king ruling but 
 Jesus, no government of force but the government 
 of the Lamb, no law of effect but the law of God. 
 All that is otherwise shall be ground to powder. 
 The kingdom of the Most High shall rule amongst 
 men, and the kingdoms of this world shall be 
 changed, and shall become the kingdoms of the
 
 204 MEMOin OF 
 
 Lord and of his Christ ; and the Lord shall be 
 known in the earth, to be the Grod of truth and 
 of righteousness. Justice, and mercy, and truth 
 shall be exalted, and true judgment shall be set up 
 in the nations, and the worship in spirit and in truth 
 shall be established ; for the Lord is gathering his 
 numberless number, to stand before his throne 
 without guile in their mouths, and without fault 
 before him. 
 
 "Concerning Man's Restoration, Redemption, and 
 Salvation, what they are, and by whom they 
 are wrought. 
 
 "Man's restoration is a repairing and giving 
 again that which he had lost by transgression. 
 Redemption is a recovering and a winning again, 
 and setting free from that wherein man had been 
 held, even all the sons of Adam, because of dis- 
 obedience. Salvation is a saving, keeping, and pre- 
 serving from sin and death, and disobedience, and 
 all the ways thereof, and also a saving from wrath 
 and misery, and condemnation, which are the effects 
 thereof. By the Son of God, Christ Jesus, is all 
 this wrought, manifested, and witnessed; and re- 
 storation, redemption, and salvation are only in 
 Christ Jesus the second Adam, and not in any 
 other, and wrought by him, and by no other. 
 
 " They are the free gift of the Father unto the 
 sons of men, no way purchased by the works of the 
 creature, or desert of him, but are freely given unto
 
 EDWAED BL'KROUGH. 205 
 
 the creature, through the power and wisdom of the 
 Creator, and only by Jesus Christ the Son of the 
 Eternal G-od ; and by the Eternal Spirit are they 
 witnessed in all that believe, and through the word 
 of life are they handled, tasted, seen, and felt, near 
 at hand, in power, and not in words only. 
 
 " Many profess them in words, and what others 
 enjoyed of these things, but have not felt in them- 
 selves the working of the Eternal Spirit, neither 
 have they the witness in themselves of being restored 
 to God again, and of being redeemed by him from 
 under the devil's power. Neither are they saved 
 by Christ from sin and transgression, and so are 
 not, nor can be saved from condemnation and wrath ; 
 for who abide in their sins, and in the state unre- 
 conciled to God, have not any part or portion in those 
 things which belong to their peace ; and without the 
 knowledge of which, by the working of the Eternal 
 Spirit, all mankind are everlastingly miserable. 
 
 " Concerning true Religion, and the true Worship 
 of the true God. 
 
 " This is true religion to be kept pure and clean 
 from all evil, and from all that which woidd defile 
 in the sight of the Lord, and to walk in his fear in 
 all things. This is religion to do good and to do 
 no evil ; to speak the truth, and to do the truth in 
 all things ; to do unto all men as a man would be 
 done unto ; and to love God with all the heart, and 
 the neighbour as himself, and not to love the world,
 
 206 MEMOIE OF 
 
 and ways and pleasures of it, nor to use deceit in 
 words or actions. This is true religion, and the 
 true worship of God to be led with his Spirit in all 
 things, and to be guided in the truth at all times, 
 and on all occasions. This is acceptable, and well- 
 pleasing unto God, above all words and outward 
 conformity, and set times, and days, and obser- 
 vances; for the worship of God is not in thrsr 
 things, but is without respect of days, places, or 
 things. This religion and worship stands in Christ 
 Jesus the second Adam, who hath lighted everv 
 man that comes into the world, that all men through 
 him might believe, and by him have their consciences 
 purely exercised toward God, and toward man in 
 all things ; and this is our religion and worship of 
 the true God : he that can receive it, let him. 
 
 " Concerning Justification and Sanctification. 
 
 "Justification is freely by Jesus Christ in the 
 sight of the Father, and not by the works of man's 
 own righteousness. Such as are taught by Christ 
 and guided by him in all the ways of truth and 
 righteousness, are justified by him and none else, 
 not in any word or work whatsoever, but in what 
 they are led to fulfil by him. It is the new man that 
 is justified, and not the old ; he that is born of God, 
 and none that are born of the flesh. Such cannot 
 please God, neither can such be justified by him, 
 for they are not taught of him, nor saved, nor 
 restored, nor redeemed, and therefore are not justi-
 
 EDWAED BUEBOTJGH. 207 
 
 fied nor cleared from condemnation in the sight of 
 the Lord. Those who live in iniquity, and sin, and 
 the ways and works of the world, which are evil, 
 are condemned by Christ Jesus, and not justified, 
 though in words they profess him, yet of justification 
 by him they have no part. 
 
 " Sanctification is by the working of the Eternal 
 Spirit in the heart of the creature, which purgeth 
 out and taketh away all unrighteousness. All the 
 works and fruits of darkness it witnesseth against, 
 and witnesseth unto Jesus, who takes away all sin 
 and destroys the works of the devil, that man may 
 be holy and pure in the sight of his Maker. Every 
 one that hath the witness of his justification, hath 
 the operation by the Eternal Spirit of Sanctification, 
 and all that receive Christ Jesus, who hath lighted 
 every man that cometh into the world, receive 
 Sanctification and justification by him, and he unto 
 us is made so of the Father. He that can receive 
 it, let him. 
 
 " Concerning the Kingdom of Christ, and Tioio it is 
 set wp. 
 
 " The kingdom of God and of his Son is not of 
 this world, but is from above, and stands in righteous- 
 ness and in truth, in mercy and in peace, in true 
 judgment and justice. This dominion is from ever- 
 lasting to everlasting, and reacheth beyond all the 
 world. Its government is love, and unity, and 
 everlasting peace, and is perfect liberty to the just,
 
 208 MEMOIR OF 
 
 and bindeth and chaineth the unjust. In it there 
 is no oppression, but perfect freedom from all un- 
 righteousness ; and it consists not in word, but in 
 power, to the bringing down of the kingdom of the 
 devil, and to the breaking off the bonds of all injus- 
 tice, and all ungodliness, which is the kingdom of 
 Satan, which hath long ruled in the world. That 
 kingdom whereof Christ is king, which stands iu 
 righteousness, no unclean thing can have any 
 part iu. 
 
 " This, we believe, shall be set up and advanced 
 in the earth, but not by might of man, or arm of 
 flesh, nor the multitude of an host, neither by 
 policy, craft, nor by revenge, but by the arm of 
 the Lord alone, through the suffering and patience 
 of his people, and by faithful witness-bearing unto 
 Jesus Christ, by doing and by suffering. By his 
 will in all things, iu a pure life and conversation, 
 and upright walking in the sight of the Lord, and 
 by patient suffering under the injustice and oppres- 
 sion of men, and of their unjust government and 
 laws, till they be overturned and confounded. And 
 further we give testimony, that suffering in patience 
 under the cruelty and oppression of the devil's 
 government and kingdom, more reaches to over- 
 throw them, than the rising to rebel in any way of 
 outward offence toward them, or defence from them. 
 The kingdom of Christ is near to come, and the 
 kingdoms of this world shall be changed, and none 
 shall have any part therein, but they that are 
 redeemed out of kindreds, tongues, and people.
 
 EDWABD BUBEOTJGH. 
 
 " Concerning Governors and Governments, and sub- 
 jection to them. 
 
 " Governors, rulers, and magistrates we own, 
 and do respect in the Lord ; such as be a terror to 
 all evil in their government, and that fear God and 
 hate covetousness, and delight in equity, in justice, 
 and true judgment, who give diligent heed to try 
 the cause of the poor, and will judge justly, without 
 respect of men, who justify the good, and give 
 praise to the well-doer. Such government and 
 governors we reverence, where sin and iniquity are 
 kept under, drunkenness, swearing, murder, quar- 
 relling, and all the ways and works of the flesh are 
 terrified, and a well-doer praised and justified. 
 This government of men reaches to the witness 
 of God in every man, and that answers to the 
 justice and righteousness of all such governors 
 and government, and these witness that they are 
 of God. 
 
 " But the witness of God in every man beareth 
 witness against all unjust men and laws, and rulers, 
 and governments, which strengthen the hands of 
 the wicked, and oppress the just; where the making 
 and execution of laws are in the power of proud 
 men, and covetous men, who fear not God, neither 
 hate covetousness, nor respect the cause of the 
 poor ; but rule by their wills and tyranny, and not 
 by just laws in righteousness ; but make unrighteous 
 decrees to oppress the poor and innocent, letting 
 p
 
 210 MEMOIB OF 
 
 the wicked go free. Such who uphold unrighteous 
 worships and teachers, by oppression, and cause 
 the innocent to suffer, and make them offenders, 
 because of the exercise of a pure conscience towards 
 God and man ; such rulers and government we 
 cannot be subject to for conscience sake, but do 
 rather fulfil the law and will of God, though we 
 transgress their wills and unrighteous laws. Yet 
 we do not rebel against them, nor seek defence 
 from them, but patiently suffer under them, and 
 bear their injustice and cruelty, without seeking 
 any revenge, but leave vengeance to the Lord, to 
 whom it belongs. 
 
 " This is our judgment the government and laws 
 which we cannot obey nor fulfil for conscience sake. 
 we choose rather to suffer under for disobedience 
 to them, than to transgress the righteous law of 
 God, written in our hearts, by obeying them. So 
 that what we cannot obey for conscience sake, for 
 conscience sake we resist not, but suffer the punish- 
 ment of it patiently, and herein are we subject to 
 every ordinance of man, for conscience sake. In 
 fulfilling the good, the just, and righteous ; and in 
 patience suffering under the cruelty and oppres- 
 sion of the unjust and unrighteous. This we do 
 and teach everywhere, subjection to every ordi- 
 nance of man, and are not destroyers of true 
 government, or rebellious against just governors, 
 but are exalters of true justice and judgment in the 
 earth.
 
 EDWABD BTJBBOTIGII. 211 
 
 " Concerning the true Ministry of Christ, and the 
 false Ministry, and the difference between them. 
 
 " The true ministry is sent of God, and is the 
 gift of the Holy Ghost, and it stands in the power 
 of the Spirit of God, and not in the words of man's 
 wisdom, that wisdom which is from below. It 
 brings people to the knowledge of God, which is 
 life eternal, and it turns people from darkness to 
 light, and from the power of Satan to the power of 
 God. It is freely received of God, and freely 
 given forth of us. It proclaims peace on earth, 
 unto such as are of a broken and upright heart, 
 and it proclaims war against all the wicked upon 
 earth. 
 
 " It is a good savour unto God, in setting the way 
 of life and the way of death before all people. The 
 ministry of Christ is free, and cannot be bought or 
 sold for money ; it is without hire, and gifts, and 
 rewards from any man. It is given freely into the 
 world, and it ever was and is persecuted by the 
 generation of the unjust, and by the powers of the 
 earth. He that comes in the Father's name can- 
 not be received of the world, but the world is at 
 enmity against him in this generation, as ever ; it 
 converts people unto the knowledge of God, and many 
 did, and many do receive the knowledge of God 
 thereby, though some thereby be hardened against 
 God unto destruction. The word of the Lord and 
 the ministry returns not in vain unto God, but all 
 p2
 
 212 MEMOIB OF 
 
 by it are left without excuse, the witness of Christ 
 in every creature being reached to, which gives 
 testimony to the power, and to the truth of the 
 ministry of Christ. 
 
 " But the false ministers and ministry are not 
 such; for their ministry is received by natural 
 learning and arts, and is not the gift of the Holy 
 Ghost, but stands in the wisdom of man's words, 
 and not in the power and life of God. It profits 
 not the people at all, neither do any come to the 
 knowledge of God thereby, neither are turned from 
 darkness to light, but teachers and people continue 
 in the power of Satan, and in the unconverted 
 estate. The witness of God is not reached to, to 
 bring to the understanding of things which are 
 eternal, but people are ever learning by it, and 
 never coming to the knowledge of the truth. But 
 the blind lead the blind, and like teachers like peo- 
 ple ; all out of the way, given to iniquity and un- 
 righteousness. 
 
 " Such are they who preach for hire, and divine 
 for money, and seek for their gain from their 
 quarter, and through covetousness, by feigned 
 words, make merchandise of souls, going for gifts 
 and rewards, and teaching for filthy lucre, having 
 settled places and so much a year. These are not 
 the true ministers of Christ, but false ministers of 
 Antichrist and deceivers, and were never sent of 
 God, and never bring any to the knowledge of God. 
 Such we bear witness against to be of the devil, and 
 that for many generations the world hath been de-
 
 EDWAED BUEEOUGH. 213 
 
 ceived by them, who had the form of godliness, but 
 not the power, and Christ's words and the apostles' 
 words, without the life. They have served them- 
 selves, and not the Lord Jesus ; but now they are 
 made manifest with the true light, which approveth 
 the ministry of God, and disapproveth such who are 
 ministers of Antichrist. All that are in the light, 
 and walk in the light, can receive this testimony, 
 which is given by the spirit of (rod to that ministry 
 which is sent of Him, which fulfils His will, and 
 against the false ministry which is not of God, 
 which runs and was never sent of Him. 
 
 " Concerning the Gospel of Christ. 
 
 " The Gospel is the power of God, and it is sent 
 of Him into the world to reconcile people unto 
 Him, that have been in the enmity against Him. 
 It is peace to the poor in spirit, and judgment 
 to the fat and to the high-minded. It is to be 
 preached to every creature under heaven, without 
 respect of people, nations, or generations. It is the 
 manifestation of the love of God to the whole 
 world, to gather people out of all unrighteousness 
 into the living way of life, peace, and truth, to walk 
 with God in purity and holiness, and to deny the world 
 and all its ways, and works, and worships, which are 
 evil. By it some are brought to God, and to sal- 
 vation, and life eternal; and some, through dis- 
 obedience to it, are hardened against God, that they 
 may be destroyed and condemned, who are repro-
 
 MEMOIE OF 
 
 bates, and believe not in Him from whom the 
 Gospel comes. 
 
 "It cannot be received by any other way or 
 means than by the revelation of Jesus Christ in the 
 hearts of His people, and many have the letter who 
 know not the Gospel, nor receive it. This Gospel, 
 which is everlasting, have we received from God, 
 and this is the sound of it which we give unto the 
 world ; fear God, and give glory to Him, for the 
 hour of His judgment is come. 
 
 " Concerning the Word of God, and concerning the 
 Scriptures. 
 
 " The Word of God was in the beginning before any 
 creatures were made, and by it all things stand and 
 remain unto this day. The Word endures for ever, 
 and by it all things in heaven and in earth are brought 
 to pass which God doth. It is from everlasting to 
 everlasting, without beginning and without end. It 
 is powerful, dividing and discerning all things, even 
 the secret thoughts of every man's heart. It is as 
 a two-edged sword, and as a fire, and like a hammer, 
 to cut up, to burn, and to beat down. The Word 
 of the Lord reconciles man again to Him, and this 
 Word is in the mouth and in the heart. The ser- 
 vants of the Lord handled, tasted, saw, and felt the 
 Word of Life, and from it spoke forth the Scriptures, 
 as they were moved by the Holy Ghost, through 
 the Eternal Spirit. They are a declaration of the 
 Word of Life, which was in the beginning, and en-
 
 EDWARD BTTBBOTTGH. 215 
 
 dures for ever, and declare what the saints received, 
 believed, and enjoyed. None can understand with- 
 out the same Spirit that gave them forth, and to 
 such who have the same Spirit the Scripture is 
 profitable. 
 
 " The Word of God, which was in the beginning, 
 and which endures for ever, is not the Scripture 
 which was not in the beginning, but the Scripture 
 testifies of that Word, and that Word witnesses to 
 the Scriptures, and they are not contrary one to 
 the other, but give witness each of the other. But 
 many have the Scriptures that have not the Word, 
 neither know it ; but they that have the Word can- 
 not but own the Scriptures, and this is the truth as 
 it is in Jesus, testified to all the world by us, who 
 deny them that hereof give any other testimony. 
 
 " Concerning the Devil and Damnation. 
 
 " There is a Devil which is out of the truth, who 
 abode not in the truth, but is a liar from the begin- 
 ning, and the father of all evil-doing, and the author 
 of all unrighteousness, and whatsoever is contrary 
 to Grod in thought, word, and action. He is the 
 enmity against Gfod, and against all good, and by 
 his power subverts creatures and things to another 
 end than that wherefore they were created, even to 
 the dishonour of the Creator. He is the god of this 
 world, the prince of darkness, and he rules king in 
 all the children of the first Adam, who are in evil. 
 He was the cause of the first transgression, and is
 
 216 MEMOIE OF 
 
 the cause of disobedience to God to this day in all 
 people who are led by him, moving them to envy, 
 wrath, pride, drunkenness, theft, and murder, and 
 all the works of darkness, sin, and death. He is 
 the fountain and root of all these, and the leader 
 and ruler in the exercise of them, and of every 
 evil word and work whatsoever, which are contrary 
 to God. He abode not in the truth, and he hath 
 led all mankind, out of truth, into all deceit and 
 unrighteousness, and into every evil way ; and he 
 dwells in darkness, is out of the light, and is sepa- 
 rate from the presence of God for ever, bound in 
 chains of darkness, and ignorance, and unbelief. 
 
 " He hath power in the earthly part of man, and 
 a law in the members, and he possesses him that is 
 born of the flesh, and his covenant is with him who is 
 not born of the seed of God. Those who are, cannot 
 sin. Such are in covenant with God, and renewed 
 into his image ; but such as are not, the Devil hath 
 power to captivate and lead their minds into vanity, 
 and their affections and desires into all that is evil, 
 by which the Spirit of God, the Creator of all things, 
 is grieved, and His soul vexed. All murder, and 
 deceitful works of the world, and whatsoever is 
 contrary to God, in words, thoughts, or actions, is 
 of the Devil, that wicked one, and from him. 
 
 " All that follow his movings and work evil there- 
 by, serve him and obey him ; he is their god and 
 their king, and they are his people and his subjects ; 
 he is their father, and they are his children ; he is 
 their root, and they are his offspring, and they bring
 
 EDWAED BTJREOTJQH. 217 
 
 fortli fruit unto him, and serve and worship him, 
 and not the true God that made all things. All 
 such must be cast into utter darkness with him, 
 and shall have their portion with him in the bottom- 
 less pit of darkness for ever and ever, where there 
 is no end of woe, and sorrow, and misery. For in 
 the anger of God the worm dies not, nor the fire is 
 quenched, and out of that there is no redemption 
 for the unclean. 
 
 " All such who are led of him, who is out of the 
 truth, and in evil, are judged and condemned by 
 him who is the Truth, who judgeth righteously. 
 The Devil hath not ceased to work evil, and to draw 
 the children of men into evil, for he continually 
 tempteth to lead from God into rebellion against 
 Him. They that are led by him are destroyed, and 
 shall not cease to have sorrow, woe, and misery for 
 ever, as he hath not ceased to work evil. He liveth 
 and moveth in the anger of God, and all his works 
 are in it, and it shall be the reward of him, and all 
 that obey him, in separation from God's everlasting 
 presence, for ever and ever. 
 
 " Concerning all Creatures that God made. 
 
 " All creatures that God made, in their creation 
 and beginning were very good in His sight that 
 made them, and unto man that was to use them, 
 and no creature was evil or defiled in its creation. 
 But man, transgressing against his Maker, became 
 evil, and did evil in the sight of the Lord ; and being
 
 218 MEMOIR OF 
 
 possessed with evil and corrupted, makes all crea- 
 tures evil in the exercise of them, corrupts them, 
 and perverts them to another end than wherefore 
 they were created, and, by the creatures, dishonours 
 the Creator, who should have honoured Him by 
 them. Thus they are become a curse unto man, 
 and not a blessing, though in themselves are neither 
 cursed, nor evil, nor defiled, but are become so unto 
 man, because of his transgression and disobedience. 
 For he being in the curse and defiled, all things are 
 so unto him, and in his exercise of them he is 
 wicked, abusing them upon the lust to satisfy his 
 devilish mind, and ruling over them in oppression 
 and cruelty, and hard-heartedness, and not in the 
 wisdom of God, as he ought. 
 
 " He subverts them from their pure virtue, feeding 
 his lust in pride and voluptuousness with that 
 which should keep him from hunger and nakedness, 
 and so pleasing the lust in all things, more than 
 satisfying pure nature. This ought not to be, for 
 it is out of the covenant of God, in which all creatures 
 were made, and in which they stand, except the 
 creature man, who is degenerated out of God's 
 covenant, and subverts all things to his own end, 
 and not unto the glory of God, wliile he continues 
 in that state, unreconciled to God. 
 
 "But man being restored and redeemed, and 
 renewed again into covenant with God, through 
 the condemning of the evil, then all creatures are 
 restored to him and made blessed. The curse 
 being removed out of his own heart, the creatures
 
 EDWARD BURROUGH. 219 
 
 are no longer cursed to him, but good, and enjoyed 
 and received in the covenant of God, in the life and 
 virtue by which they were created. 
 
 " By the wisdom in which they were made, man 
 comes to order them, and exercise himself in them, 
 and they are no more spent upon the lust, nor on 
 the vain mind, nor ruled over in oppression. All 
 that is condemned, and all creatures are seen to be 
 the Lord's, [and the whole earth is his, and the 
 fulness thereof, and the abuse of all creatures is 
 ceased, and they are enjoyed in the pure virtue to 
 feed and to clothe the creature, and not to be 
 destroyed upon the lust ; but for the health's sake 
 are they used, to the glory of the Creator, and to 
 the end wherefore he created them, and are pure 
 as they were in the beginning, and the blessing is 
 felt which is more than all creatures. 
 
 " Concerning the new Covenant, and how Man comes 
 to the Knowledge of God. 
 
 " The covenant of God is unity between God and 
 man, and a binding each to another, to serve each 
 other. The one is bound to obey, and submit, and 
 worship ; and the other to bless, and keep, and 
 lead, and preserve. This covenant is established 
 with His own seed for ever, and there is no teacher 
 but God. All are taught of him, from the least to 
 the greatest, who are in this covenant. His just 
 law is written in their heart to condemn all trans- 
 gression, and his pure spirit is put into the inward
 
 220 MEMOIR OF 
 
 parts, to be the rule and guide of life in all things. 
 !Xone need to say, know the Lord, but all know 
 him in the spirit, and worship and obey him, and 
 follow him in spirit and in truth. 
 
 "Such are come into peace and reconciliation 
 with God, and the covenant with hell and death is 
 broken. In this covenant there is no priest, or 
 offering, but Christ Jesus the high priest of God, 
 the one offering for sin; he takes away sin and 
 makes intercession. In it is no temple, but our 
 bodies are the temple of God, and he dwells in us, 
 and he walks in us ; and there is no circumcision 
 but the circumcision of the heart, which is the 
 putting away of all the uncleanness of the flesh. 
 
 " In it there is no means of salvation but Christ, 
 the only way, the truth and life, and none comes 
 to the Father but by him. He declares of the 
 Father, and there is no light but the light of the 
 Larnb. All that are saved shall walk in the light 
 of the Lamb, and there shall be no need of any 
 other light ; no need of the light of the sun, or of 
 the moon, or of candle, but the Lord is unto them 
 an everlasting light, and God alone is their glory. 
 
 " This covenant is for ever, and cannot alter or 
 change, but is sure unto the seed of his own inhe- 
 ritance. He that is born of the flesh hath no part 
 in it, but is shut out from the knowledge of God, 
 who is not known to the wisdom of this world, 
 which is foolishness with God. The knowledge of 
 God is received no other way but only by the 
 revelation of Jesus Christ, and by the working of
 
 EDWARD BURROUGH. 221 
 
 the Spirit of the Father in the heart. He opens 
 the blind eye, and unstops the deaf ear, and changeth 
 the heart, and causeth it to understand ; and he 
 removes that which hath stood in the way between 
 God and the creature, which hath caused ignorance 
 in the creature, that the Lord could not be seen 
 nor perceived. 
 
 " Christ Jesus the second Adam lighteth every 
 man, and all mankind that come into the world, 
 with the true light. But some hate the light, and 
 they will not come to the light, lest their deeds 
 should be reproved, and their deeds are evil, and 
 they are in a condemned state. Such cannot receive 
 Christ, nor the knowledge of God. But such who 
 love the light with which Christ hath enlightened 
 them, they bring all their deeds to the light, and 
 walk in the light, and their deeds are wrought in 
 God, never to be condemned. 
 
 " Such as love the light receive Christ, and the 
 knowledge of God, which is eternal life ; and none 
 come to the knowledge of God and of Christ any 
 other way, but through the light of Christ and by 
 the operation of the Spirit of God. Evil is con- 
 demned out of the heart, and the heart is made 
 clean by the word of God, and the knowledge of 
 God is received into the clean heart, and not into 
 the impure. For without holiness none shall see 
 God, nor ever come to the knowledge of him ; 
 neither can the knowledge of God be received by 
 the traditions of men, nor any outward observance 
 in the will of men ; but only by the teachings of
 
 222 MEMOIR or 
 
 the Eternal Spirit is the living God known in the 
 creature. 
 
 " Concerning Faith. 
 
 " Faith is the gift of God, and by it Christ is 
 received and enjoyed. It is the substance of things 
 hoped for, and the very evidence of things not seen. 
 It gives the creature to believe God in all that he 
 hath promised. All that is acted and spoken in it 
 is well pleasing unto God, and that which is done 
 without it is sin. It is the strength of the creature; 
 to act for God in all things. It is that whereby 
 the world is overcome, and all the powers of hell 
 and death. It is the armour against the devil, and 
 the defence of all the children of God. By it they 
 overcome all their enemies, and through it they 
 reign over all the world. It carries through all 
 sufferings and tribulations with joy and patience. 
 
 "Faith is an act of God in the creature. 
 Through it peace and righteousness, and the crown 
 of life, are received from God. By faith, all things 
 are received, that are received of God by any of his 
 children. He that hath faith sees and feels the 
 Lord's presence at all times, and through faith we 
 do and suffer gladly for the name of Christ in all 
 things. This is our testimony given by the Spirit 
 of the Father, of those things of which we have 
 received the knowledge from God, who hath given 
 us his treasure; and we have this treasure in 
 earthen vessels, even the knowledge of those things
 
 EDWABD BURHOUGH. 223 
 
 which are eternal, which is not our own, but the 
 Lord's, to give forth according to his movings, and 
 of those things have we handled, tasted, and felt. 
 
 " Concerning what Works are accepted of God, and 
 what Works are not accepted. 
 
 11 Whatsoever work man is moved and led unto 
 by the Spirit of God, and guided and ruled in the 
 practice of, to speak or act by the same Spirit, 
 which moveth and leadeth into all the works of 
 righteousness, and not unto any evil, this is accept- 
 able in the sight of the Lord, and these works are 
 well-pleasing to him. Where the Lord goes before, 
 and is the leader in all things, this man and his 
 works, who is led with the Spirit of the Father, are 
 justified and accepted of God. Not for the crea- 
 ture's sake, for He respects not the person of any, 
 but for his own name's sake, because they are 
 wrought in him through faith, and moved unto and 
 guided in by his own Spirit ; and they arise from 
 God's righteousness revealed in the creature, and 
 not from the righteousness of the creature. 
 
 " For man being changed and replanted into the 
 living vine, and the root being good, every work 
 which springeth forth from it is good also, and 
 accepted of God, because the root is so. 
 
 " But whatsoever works are brought forth by any 
 creature, though the same in appearance [as those] 
 which are accepted of God from another, yet not 
 being moved unto, nor guided in, by the Spirit of
 
 224 MEMOIE OF 
 
 the Father, but brought forth in the will and 
 wisdom of the creature, which is from below, and 
 acted in imitation from the saints' words, these 
 works are not accepted and well-pleasing unto God, 
 but are an offence unto him, and sin against him. 
 Even the sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination 
 unto him. If a man come before the Lord with 
 thousands of rams, and ten thousands of rivers of 
 oil, and if he give the fruit of his body for the sin 
 of the soul, and cover the altar with tears, and is 
 not led with a measure of God's Spirit, none of all 
 these works are accepted. Neither his preaching, 
 praying, baptism, breaking of bread, nor any other 
 observances towards God whatsoever, are good in 
 his sight, but evil, and to be condemned, and the 
 root from whence they spring ; because man is in 
 the enmity against him, and not changed out of 
 the old root. 
 
 " In that state he is not led with the Holy Spirit 
 of the Father, and the root being bad, the branches 
 are evil. None are accepted of God in anything 
 which they perform towards him, but such as are 
 in Christ Jesus, the second Adam, and such as are 
 new creatures. So that it is not for the creature's 
 sake that any work is accepted of, or an offence 
 against God, but only for his name's sake, and 
 because of being guided, or of not being guided, 
 with the measure of God's pure Spirit. Therefore 
 are man and his works good and accepted, or evil 
 and not regarded, but condemned of God.
 
 EDWABD BTTRROTJGH. 
 
 " Concerning Man's state in the first Adam, "before 
 conversion, and, his state after conversion, and 
 what conversion is. 
 
 " Man's state in the first Adam, in transgression, 
 is a state of perfect enmity against God. Death 
 reigns in every man, and he is possessed with 
 blindness and ignorance, and unbelief, and is wholly 
 imperfect to receive the things of God's kingdom, 
 or to act anything for God, acceptable to him. 
 Man in that state is wholly dead to God, and 
 insensible of the presence and power and life of his 
 Creator, for he is driven from God, and is not led 
 by him. He hath no power to perform any good 
 in the sight of God, but is possessed with evil, and 
 led into all evil continually. 
 
 " He is free from righteousness, and free to all 
 evil, being the servant of the devil, and subject to 
 him, and overcome of him every moment, and is led 
 by him to transgress against the Lord. His heart 
 is unclean, and out of it proceeds continually 
 uncleanness, in all manner of words, thoughts, and 
 actions, which flow out of the corrupt fountain, 
 which grieve and vex the Lord and his Spirit. He 
 is dishonoured daily by man, through his abuse of 
 God's creatures, who is a devourer and destroyer 
 of them, and not a preserver as he ought to be, 
 who abuseth them upon his lust, and not to the 
 glory of the Lord. He loves the creature, and 
 worships the creature, and is gone after the crea- 
 Q
 
 226 MEMOIR OF 
 
 ture, and hath forgotten God, who made him and 
 all things, and hath lost his own dominion wherein 
 he was set in his creation. 
 
 " His state in this transgression is cursed of God, 
 and without the peace of God, being in the enmity 
 against him ; and in all things he is wholly unpro- 
 fitable to his Maker, and only profitable to himself 
 and to the devil. This, in short, is the state of every 
 man in transgression before conversion. But his 
 state after conversion is a state more blessed. For 
 man is changed and renewed, and translated by the 
 power of the Lord, through the working of the 
 Eternal Spirit. Through conversion his mind is 
 changed and his heart is renewed. The old is done 
 away, and a new heart is given, and all things are 
 become new, even every word and work. 
 
 " Every intent and purpose of his mind is con- 
 verted unto another end, and guided by another 
 spirit, than before his conversion. Man is again 
 returned to God, into the sense and feeling of his 
 Maker, and into covenant with him, where he is 
 blessed, and all things to him. Reconciliation is 
 made with God, and the evil is judged and con- 
 demned, and sin is taken away, and blotted out, and 
 not remembered. Man is become a servant unto 
 God, and serves him only in all things, and not 
 himself or any other creature in any thing. He 
 hath received power to become a son to God, and 
 hath received power over the devil and his tempta- 
 tions, and death is destroyed, and the effects of it 
 are ceased, and the sting of it is taken away. Life
 
 EDWABD BUBBOUGH. 227 
 
 and immortality are brought to light, and man is 
 made capable to act in all things for the glory of 
 his Maker. 
 
 " God hath made Christ wisdom to him, to rule 
 him and guide him in all things, and righteousness 
 to cover him, and justification to him, to clear him 
 in his sight ; and the new man is brought forth, 
 the creating in Christ Jesus unto good works is 
 known, and the birth which is heir of God's king, 
 dom is witnessed. Unto this man is the Lord 
 become an everlasting light, and a sure hiding- 
 place; for he is not the servant of sin, but of 
 righteousness, nor an offence to God in any of his 
 works. But for his name's sake he is well pleased 
 with him. He is his teacher in all the ways of 
 peace ; he is his helmet and his shield, and his hope 
 of salvation ; his shepherd to feed him and preserve 
 him at all times. 
 
 " Though he may be tempted, yet he is not over- 
 come, for God is his strength. Though he may be 
 tried, yet he is not forsaken of the Lord. Though 
 he may be cast into the fire, it is not to consume 
 him, for the Lord is with him. All things he 
 receives as from the hand of God, and all creatures 
 he enjoys in the covenant with God, and peace is 
 in all his ways, for it is the Lord that works in 
 him, both to will and to do of his good pleasure. 
 
 " This is the state of the new man brought forth 
 
 in conversion, which is a turning of the creature 
 
 from the power of Satan (which rules in every man, 
 
 before conversion) to the power of God, who is the 
 
 Q2
 
 228 MEMOIE OF 
 
 ruler of every man that is truly converted. This is 
 the truth as it is in Jesus, which I have received 
 from God ; he that can receive it let him, and if 
 any have an ear let him hear what the Spirit saith. 
 This conversion of the creature is wrought by the 
 Spirit of God through the Holy Ghost, that we 
 might publish these things abroad, that all people 
 may come to the knowledge of them, and may taste, 
 and handle, and feel of the same word of life in 
 themselves, which will reveal the knowledge of 
 these things to them, that they may have fellowship 
 with us, and truly our fellowship is with the Father 
 and with the Son. 
 
 " And now be it known to all the world, and to 
 all the people in it, that the Lord hath raised up a 
 people, and brought forth a seed, to bear witness of 
 his name, and of his dominion and power on all the 
 earth. Of these truths, with many more, which 
 are but one in Christ Jesus, hath God given us the 
 perfect knowledge, even wrought them in us, and 
 revealed them to us by the Eternal Spirit ; and as 
 that same Spirit doth and shall move in us, do we, 
 and shall we, bear witness of these truths unto all 
 people upon the earth whatsoever, both by doctrine 
 and conversation, holding forth the testimony unto 
 others which we have received of God, that Christ 
 may be exalted, and his kingdom set up in the 
 world. 
 
 " In comparison of this, that we may serve God 
 in our generation, by bearing witness of these 
 things, which we have heard and seen, nothing of
 
 EDWAED BUEBOT7GH. 229 
 
 this world, our liberty, our life, nor any other thing 
 whatsoever, is dear unto us. Yea, even for this 
 cause, that the name of the Lord may be testified 
 of, do we give up ourselves continually to suffer all 
 manner of evil in words or works. We love not 
 our lives unto death, that truth and righteousness 
 may be exalted ; and this is the cause wherefore 
 we pass through many dangers on every hand, and 
 are in perils often. 
 
 " We are not, nor can be afraid of the face of 
 any man, even that the Lord alone may be exalted, 
 whose name, and honour, and truth, is more dear 
 unto us than any other thing. 
 
 " For it have we forsaken all, and counted it as 
 nothing, in comparison of the knowledge of Christ 
 and his truth, herein declared and witnessed to the 
 whole world, to whom it shall come ; and the light 
 of Christ in every one shall give testimony to it, 
 unto which I do commend myself and these truths 
 to be witnessed. 
 
 " And know ye assuredly that God, who is just 
 and righteous in all his ways, setteth the way of 
 life and the way of death before every man. He 
 hath appeared in this generation, and caused his 
 voice to be heard in the earth, and set the way of 
 death and the way of life before you ; and all that 
 perish it is through unbelief, and because they 
 despise the way which God hath prepared. He 
 hath prepared a way for life and salvation unto all 
 people, that all may come to life and salvation, and 
 may not perish.
 
 230 MEMOIR OF 
 
 " He hath not shut out any creature, but giveth 
 to every one that cometh into the world a day of 
 visitation and a time of repentance and returning, 
 that healing may be received from the Lord, who is 
 the restorer of lost man, and there is not another. 
 So that if man perish it is of himself, and not of 
 God, who hath so loved mankind that he hath given 
 his Son, his own wisdom and his power, into the 
 world, that all that receive him, Christ Jesus, may 
 have everlasting life. 
 
 " They that receive him not, perish because of 
 unbelief, whereby they are hardened for destruc- 
 tion. Unto such, our Gospel, the Gospel of God, is 
 hid ; whose eye is blinded by the god of this world, 
 that they cannot see the things which be eternal, 
 nor believe in him from whence life comes. Such 
 are stumbling at Christ the foundation, and there- 
 fore shall be broken, and must not inherit the 
 kingdom of God. Unto such, though they be wise 
 in the kingdom of this world, are we become fools 
 for Christ's sake; and our testimony cannot be 
 received by them, nor approved of them, even them 
 that seek after a sign, and them that seek after 
 wisdom. To such we are not known, nor can our tes- 
 timony be acceptable to them, which is not with 
 enticing words of man's wisdom, but in the demon- 
 stration of God's Spirit, and in the simplicity of the 
 truth. This is of great price with the Lord, even 
 above all knowledge and all wisdom which is of this 
 world, which comes to nothing ; but the Lord will 
 confound that, and bring it to nothing.
 
 EDWAED BTJRBOUGH. 231 
 
 " For the world by its wisdom doth not know 
 God, neither can it receive the things of God, but 
 is foolishness in the sight of God ; and the wisdom 
 of the world must be offended in him, and in the 
 testimony which is given of him, and the princes of 
 this world. The wise men must stumble and fall, 
 the powers of the earth must be offended at him, 
 that they may be confounded and brought to 
 nought. All the heathen shall rage, and the 
 people shall imagine a vain thing. 
 
 "But what of all this ? The testimony of the 
 Lord is true which he hath given us to bear of his 
 name, and of it we are not ashamed before the face 
 of the whole world. We are armed to suffer for it, 
 and not only to subscribe to the truth of it with 
 our own hand, or to declare of it with our tongue 
 and pen, but also, if we be called to it, may seal it 
 with our blood. Wherefore this is sent among you 
 all, rulers, teachers, and people, to give you the 
 certain knowledge of what we hold and bear witness 
 to, which is received of us from God, and borne 
 witness of to you by his Spirit ; even those things, 
 with many others, which we have not received from 
 man, but from God, are we purposed in the Lord 
 to declare abroad. 
 
 " He hath put it into our hearts to fulfil his will 
 herein ; for he hath spoken, who can but prophesy. 
 He hath given the word, and many are they that 
 publish it in faithfulness against the kingdom of 
 the man of sin, which hath long been exalted in the 
 earth over the seed of God, which the Lord is now
 
 232 MEMOIR OF 
 
 gathering, and establishing hia covenant with. 
 Jerusalem, that hath long lain waste, shall he made 
 the praise of the whole earth, and the Gentiles, 
 who have polluted her, shall be cast out, and the 
 saints shall rejoice over all their enemies. 
 
 " And know assuredly from us, who know the 
 Lord, that God is doing great things in the earth ; 
 he has begun to work, and his arm shall bring it to 
 pass. He will overturn, and overturn, till he comes 
 to reign whose right it is, who will change times 
 and things ; even that which cannot be believed, 
 though a man declare it unto you, is the Lord 
 bringing to pass. The eye shall bless that sees it, 
 and the heart shall praise that can understand ; 
 and, behold, the Lord comes quickly, and they are 
 blessed that wait for him. His reward is with him, 
 and his glorious work is before him, to be wrought 
 by his own hand without the help of any other ; 
 who needs not the help of man ; and he that doth 
 oppose him shall be overthrown, confounded, and 
 destroyed. 
 
 " All ye kings, princes, rulers, and people what- 
 soever, know ye assuredly that we are not enemies 
 against, but friends unto, all civil government, and 
 to all just and righteous orders and decrees, and 
 wholesome laws and customs of any commonwealth ; 
 and no way are we destructive to, or destroyers of 
 the peace and welfare, and wholesome laws, which 
 are according to God, of any nation whatsoever. 
 But we are preservers of the peace of all people, 
 and wait in patience for the establishment of justice
 
 EDWAED BUEBOTJGH. 233 
 
 and true judgment ; that righteousness may spring 
 forth, and the government of all nations may be 
 according to the law of God. 
 
 " Neither are we such who make void the just 
 government of any nation or city. Neither are we 
 such who, through evil purposes, plot, or conspire, 
 or contrive evil in our hearts against any governors 
 or government whatsoever ; but wish peace and 
 truth, and the fear of the Lord unto all men and 
 nations, and desire not the overthrow or evil to 
 any people, or their government. "We are subject 
 to just government everywhere by obedience to it ; 
 and subject to evil government by suffering in 
 patience under it. So that righteousness alone we 
 wait to see set up through the world, and for that 
 cause suffer patiently under our enemies, not seek- 
 ing revenge against them, nor envying the persons 
 of any; but pity our enemies, and desire their 
 repentance rather than their destruction. Yet 
 this we give all to know, that the Lord will be 
 avenged on all them who hate the way of righteous- 
 ness, and all that oppose the Lord and his way, and 
 despise his truth which he hath revealed. They 
 shall be confounded and broken to pieces, and shall 
 confess to the Lord, and his way, and his truth, in 
 the day of their destruction. 
 
 " Again, let all the earth know, that against all 
 unrighteousness, injustice, oppression, murder, and 
 drunkenness, and all sin whatsoever we do declare, 
 and acknowledge ourselves to be enemies against 
 all sin, and they that commit it. We cannot hide
 
 234 MEMOIE or 
 
 siu and iniquity in any, but give our testimony 
 against it, and against all that live in it, without 
 respect to men or places. "We cannot flatter any 
 man in his transgressions, but say, that lying, 
 swearing, drunkenness, covetousness, injustice, dis- 
 simulation, hypocrisy, murder and envy, lust of the 
 flesh, pride and wantonness, and all the works of 
 the flesh whatsoever, are contrary to God, and of 
 the devil ; and they that live in them, and bring 
 them forth, are the servants of the devil, and must 
 not inherit the. kingdom of God, who bring forth 
 those works which grieve the Spirit of God, and 
 vex his righteous soul. 
 
 " This is that government only, viz., the govern- 
 ment of sin and death, which we declare ourselves 
 enemies to, which is of the devil, and not of God. 
 This is that government which we testify against, 
 and war against, by the sword of the Spirit of God, 
 and by his power, and not by carnal weapons, or 
 subtle conspiracies, or violent insurrections; for 
 this way, and by this means, shall not the govern- 
 ment of Satan be overthrown, or the kingdom of 
 Christ ever be exalted. 
 
 " We are not such as disannul or make void the 
 covenant and bond of relations, or teach any so to 
 do, or give any example, by our practice, to any 
 subjects to be rebellious to their governors ; or 
 children to be disobedient to their parents ; or that 
 servants be undutiful to their masters. But, on 
 the contrary, do say, and aflirm it, that it is the 
 duty of subjects to be obedient, and subject in the
 
 EDWAED BUEEOUGH. 235 
 
 Lord to their rulers and governors, whether kings, 
 dukes, or others, who have rule over them ; and, 
 also, that children should be obedient to their 
 parents ; and servants to be dutiful and subject to 
 their masters, in the Lord, in all things ; and that 
 husbands and wives live in all unity and peace in 
 the Lord. 
 
 " Provided only where rulers, parents, or masters, 
 or husbands, require of their subjects, children, or 
 servants, or any other whatsoever, that which is 
 unjust, and contrary to God and his righteous law ; 
 in such a case we say, that subjects, children, ser- 
 vants, and all other whatsoever are free. We say, 
 where man requires anything contrary to God, and 
 God requires another thing contrary to man, the 
 obedience to God is rather to be chosen, and the 
 obedience to all men is to be denied. This is our 
 judgment, which is according to truth, and is the 
 mind of God concerning subjection and obedience, 
 and the duty of relations one to another. 
 
 " And lastly, know ye assuredly, that we do not 
 hold and maintain anything by conversation or doc- 
 trine, but the very same truth, in word and practice, 
 as all our forefathers did ; and bear witness of the 
 same salvation, by the same Christ, as they did, and 
 are not setters forth of strange gods. For no other 
 God is worshipped by us than he whom Abraham, 
 Isaac, and Jacob, and all the rest of the servants of 
 the Lord in every generation worshipped, served, 
 and obeyed. Neither are we such as do maintain 
 heresy, error, or idolatry, or the worship of any
 
 MEMOIR OF 
 
 strange god, though hereof we are accused falsely, 
 yet against us it cannot be proved truly. 
 
 " We give the whole world to know that no other 
 end, or purpose, or design is in our hearts, but only 
 to fulfil the word of God in all things, as it is to us 
 made manifest. Even this is the resolution of our 
 hearts, and the full purpose of our minds, to give 
 testimony through the world, as we are moved, 
 both by writing and declaring of those truths which 
 to us are known from the Lord, that truth and 
 righteousness may come to reign. This may we do 
 as the Lord provideth way for us, not fearing the 
 face of any man, nor being afraid of the threatening 
 of high looks ; and that we may finish the testimony 
 given us of God, our life, or any other thing, is not 
 dear unto us. And all ye people everywhere, for 
 your sake is this written, to give you warning and 
 true information of the work of the Lord, and what 
 he is about to do, that you may hear and under- 
 stand, and may receive the knowledge of those 
 things which belong to your peace, and may be 
 saved with an eternal salvation ; or otherwise, 
 through this you are wholly left without excuse, if 
 you perish. And unto this was I pressed in spirit 
 for many days, that all the world may be satisfied, 
 what we are, and what we hold, and what the pur- 
 pose of the Lord is. 
 
 " I, whom God hath warned, do warn all people 
 upon the face of the earth, that you prepare, pre- 
 pare to meet the Lord, for he is coming, and his 
 day is nigh at hand, and his judgments shall be
 
 EDWABD BTJEEOTJGH. 237 
 
 revealed in the earth, and all flesh shall tremble 
 before him, and all the inhabitants of the world 
 shall be confounded at his presence. The proud 
 shall be abased, and the poor shall be exalted ; the 
 high and lofty shall be brought down, and the meek 
 and upright shall be set up. Truth shall reign as 
 king, and deceit shall utterly be confounded. They 
 that now suffer all manner of evil, for the name of 
 Jesus, shall possess everlasting freedom, and the 
 dominion shall be in their hands, and they that 
 now cause the just to suffer, shall go into endless 
 captivity. The seed of God shall spring forth and 
 flourish, but the seed of evil-doers shall never be 
 renowned. And between these two seeds is an 
 enmity put, and they can never be reconciled. 
 Each seed hath its fruit, the one is cursed and the 
 other is blessed, and each seed is known by its fruit, 
 and must receive from the Lord accordingly. 
 
 " Quaking and trembling at the word of the Lord, 
 by the servants of the Lord, we do own, when the 
 power of God reacheth to the witness of God in 
 the creature, which brings condemnation upon all 
 high looks, and upon the lofty nature, which causeth 
 the earthly part to tremble. We do own, and 
 many of us do witness, the quaking and trembling 
 which is by the operation of the Spirit of God, and 
 the several operations by the one Spirit we own ; 
 which brings down proud flesh, whose honour God 
 will lay in the dust, and bring it to everlasting con- 
 tempt. When this comes to pass, quaking shall 
 not be a strange thing, nor the name reproached,
 
 238 MEMOIE OF 
 
 as it is at this day by the proud spirits of men, who 
 know not the work of the Lord, nor the operation 
 of his Spirit. 
 
 " Moreover, and besides all this, let all the world 
 know, that our conversation, life, and practice is 
 one and the same with what we hold forth in words, 
 and that we give as large a testimony of God 
 amongst us by pure conversation, as doctrine, and 
 do deny them who give testimony in words only, and 
 answer not in their conversation. That is hypo- 
 crisy, and our souls loath it, and it is abomination 
 in the sight of the Lord, where he is professed in 
 words, and not walked to in purity and righteous- 
 ness of life. For righteousness being brought forth 
 in the heart, works of righteousness will spring 
 forth in the world ; and where righteousness springs 
 not forth in the world, and the fruits of the know- 
 ledge of God, it shows that righteousness is not in 
 the heart, and that God is not known. 
 
 " Also concerning our government, it is according 
 to Christ, whom we own to be head amongst us, 
 and no other head we have, or do bow unto, 
 and we are but members of his body, joined to him 
 through the Spirit, as head over us all. The greatest 
 of us is but a member of Christ, who is the head 
 alone. We have not another, neither can we be 
 subject to any other government but his, or obey 
 any government but what is justly according to 
 his, whose government must be set up in the earth, 
 and for it we wait, and labour, and travail, and 
 count nothing hard, but all things are easy to us,
 
 EDWABD BTJEBOUGH. 239 
 
 for this prize which is before us, even the govern- 
 ment of Christ to be set up, and all governments 
 of men established according to it ; and this is our 
 testimony, which we give forth in words and prac- 
 tice, and if it be required can seal it with our 
 blood. 
 
 " Given forth by a servant of the Lord, 
 
 "EDWAED BTTEEOUGH." 
 
 Sometime about the ninth month of this year, 
 Christopher Fowler, a priest, at Reading, in Berk- 
 shire, challenged Edward Burrough to a public dis- 
 pute. This challenge was accepted, but appears to 
 have been conducted, on the part of Christopher, 
 with Little decency or decorum. Edward says : 
 " Many in that town may well remember how he 
 hooted and clapped his hands in the pulpit, as if he 
 had been hunting on a mountain, and also his un- 
 godly speeches, and revilings toward me ; calling 
 me dog, villain, and such-like names. When some 
 of his own people reproved him for such words, he 
 said, ' the worst words he had in his mouth were 
 too good for me.' " The principal part of the dis- 
 pute appears to have been an attempt, on the part 
 of Fowler, to prove the Scriptures to be the word 
 of God ; whilst Edward endeavoured to show that 
 the Scriptures are a declaration and witness of the 
 word of God, which word, Christ Jesus, was in the 
 beginning, and endures for ever. He says, that 
 the worlds were made by the word of God ; and the 
 Scriptures did not make the world, neither were
 
 240 MEMOIE OF 
 
 they from the beginning, having been commenced 
 by Moses. 
 
 To the false charges and unsound doctrines of 
 his opponent, Edward Burrough returned sound 
 and cogent replies, so far as he could procure oppor- 
 tunity; but he complains that liberty of speed i 
 was not fairly allowed him. Fowler endeavoured 
 to persuade the mayor that he might insinuate his 
 doctrine into the people. As Edward pressed him 
 about tithes, he became very uneasy ; three times 
 went out of the pulpit, and finally went away. 
 
 After the dispute, Edward returned to London, 
 where, in the tenth month, he finished a work en- 
 titled, "The True Christian Eeligion again disco- 
 vered, after the long and dark Night of Apostacy." 
 It commences thus : 
 
 " Forasmuch as Oliver Cromwell, called Lord 
 Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, chief 
 ruler according to man, hath bound himself by an 
 oath, and sworn, that he will uphold and maintain 
 the true reformed Protestant Christian religion in 
 the purity thereof, as it is contained in the Old and 
 New Testament of the Scriptures ; which oath he 
 is bound to perform before the Lord, and unto all 
 men. Now, it remains to be tried and proved, 
 what the Christian religion is, and who they are in 
 these nations that are of the true reformed Protes- 
 tant Christian religion in the purity thereof, as it 
 is contained in the Scriptures. There are abun- 
 dance of sects and diversity of judgments, and many
 
 EDWARD BUBEOUGH. 241 
 
 assemblies and gatherings of people, who are diverse 
 in their ways, in their practices, and in their forms 
 of religion in these nations, who do all profess the 
 Scriptures, and that their form of religion is accord- 
 ing thereto. But this cannot be, for the Scriptures, 
 which were given forth by the one Spirit of Grod, 
 bear not witness of many true ways, or unto many 
 true religions, but unto the one truth, and unto one 
 true religion. It is the declaration of one way of 
 life and salvation by one, Jesus Christ. There is 
 no other name under heaven given for salvation, 
 and they that believe on him, and receive him, these 
 are they only that are of the true religion. They 
 are guided by the Spirit, and changed thereby from 
 death to life ; such have unity with the Father, and 
 with the Son, and one with another. They are not 
 of this world, but heirs of the kingdom of God. 
 
 " Therefore, come, all sorts of people, and let us 
 try and prove who it is that is of the true religion, 
 and who it is he is bound to maintain and uphold 
 by his oath. Come, I say, all sects and sorts of 
 people, and appear to trial. Dare you join issue 
 with me in this matter, and try your profession 
 and practice of religion, whether it be according to 
 the Scriptures in the purity thereof, yea or nay ? 
 The Lord hath put it in my heart to lay you all to 
 the Hue of true judgment, and to prove you, whe- 
 ther you must be upholden and maintained in your 
 religion, yea or nay. Come, claim your privilege ; 
 if your profession and practice in religion be ac- 
 cording to the Scriptures, then you may own your 
 1
 
 242 MEMOIB OP 
 
 right, and the benefit of the Protector's oath. But 
 if your profession and practice in religion be other- 
 wise, and not according to the Scriptures, then you 
 must stand back, and defend yourselves if you can, 
 for the Protector is not bound to maintain and 
 uphold you in your practice of religion. And with 
 this argument I shall try you all. Whatsoever 
 is professed and practised for religion, for which 
 there is neither command nor precedent in Scrip- 
 ture, is not according to the Scripture. Let this 
 fall where it may, it is truth ; and therefore all 
 people come to trial, and receive your judgment by 
 this rule. 
 
 " And first, the true religion is walking with 
 God in purity and holiness ; a performing of good 
 to him, and not doing any evil ; a belief in Christ, 
 and receiving of him, and through the operation of 
 his Spirit to be changed into his image ; and the 
 body of sin and death put off, and a living to God 
 in all things, and not a living to this vain world in 
 anything, but in all things to be guided by the 
 Spirit of Christ. This, in short, is a description of 
 the true religion ; and they that are of this religion 
 shall be saved in the day of the Lord, and in equity 
 and righteousness should be protected according 
 to the oath before mentioned ; or else the oath is 
 not performed in justice, but rather broken through 
 transgression. And first of all, as concerning that 
 profession and practice in religion which is most 
 general in these nations, I mean such as sprinkle 
 infants, and are sprinkled being infants ; professing
 
 EDWABD BUBBOTTGH. 243 
 
 it to be the baptism into the faith of Christ ; and 
 that it is a seal of the new covenant, and of 
 remission of sins, and that thereby people are made 
 capable of union with Christ, and that it is a sign 
 of regeneration, &c. This is practised and pro- 
 fessed by many for religion ; but this practice and 
 doctrine are not according to the Scriptures ; there- 
 fore all ye, through all these nations, that are made 
 Christians, and own your title in Christianity, and 
 a right to fellowship with Christ ; and that ye are 
 joined to the church, and become members of Christ, 
 because you were sprinkled when you were infants ; 
 and all ye that preach this for doctrine, and practise 
 it for religion, you are not of the true Christian 
 religion, in the purity thereof, as it is contained in 
 the Scriptures ; this I do affirm. Therefore stand 
 you by ; for what you practise and profess there is 
 neither command nor precedent in Scripture ; if 
 you could show any, you are now called, and a 
 necessity is put upon you to make use of your 
 knowledge, if you would be protected in this Com- 
 monwealth in your practice of religion. 
 
 " Likewise you sing, and give to sing David's 
 psalms in rhyme and metre, professing it is to the 
 glory and honour of God. Ye practise this as an 
 ordinance of God, as a part of his worship, and as 
 a part of your religion ; but this practice and pro- 
 fession also are manifest not to be according to the 
 Scriptures ; because it was never commanded, 
 neither is there any precedent for this practice in 
 the Scriptures, in gospel times. Therefore in this 
 
 K2
 
 244 MEMOIE OF 
 
 part of your religion you cannot justly claim to be 
 protected and maintained ; because the Protector's 
 oath reacheth not to uphold and maintain any such 
 practices in religion, which are not according to the 
 Scriptures. 
 
 "Likewise, all ye, whose ministers preach for 
 hire, and have hire for preaching, so much a year, 
 and so much a sermon, at a town, or a parish in a 
 settled place; and who take tithes, and compel 
 people to pay tithes by a law ; such are not the 
 ministers of Christ. And ye that uphold such for 
 the ministers of Christ are false in judgment, and 
 blind in understanding, and are not of that Chris- 
 tian religion, which is according to the Scriptures 
 in the purity thereof, neither ministers nor people ; 
 for the ministers of Christ never acted any such 
 thing. They were the false prophets, and false 
 apostles, that preached for hire, and for gifts and 
 rewards; neither did the saints and churches of 
 Christ look upon them that acted those things, to 
 be ministers of Christ ; but, on the contrary, de- 
 clared them to be deceivers. So that all you 
 people, and you professed ministers, that act those 
 things that the false prophets acted ; and you people 
 that love to have it so, and give hire to your minis- 
 ters for preaching, and consent unto it ; none of 
 you are of the Christian religion, as it is held forth 
 in the Scriptures ; because this part of your prac- 
 tice in religion is not according, but contrary to 
 the Scriptures."
 
 EDWABD BTTBROUGH. 245 
 
 On the 18th of the eleventh month, 1657, 
 Edward Burrough had a dispute with Richard 
 Goodgroom, at Drayton, in Middlesex. The prin- 
 cipal points in the controversy appear to have been, 
 whether the Scriptures were properly the Word, 
 and whether Christ justified sinners as sinners ; or 
 in other words, whilst remaining in sin. In the 
 first month following, another dispute was held at 
 the same place, between the same parties, which 
 appears to have been more public than the first. 
 One point disputed on this last occasion was the 
 truth of a proposition which Edward had laid down 
 in the first, viz : " Temptations or motions unto 
 evil are not sin to any man, who doth not consent 
 and obey to serve temptations or evil motions, and 
 they are not sin to the man, except they be con- 
 sented to by the man." In defending this propo- 
 sition, Edward appealed to the experience of all 
 sober people who heard him, " Whether many times 
 there had not been evil motions in their hearts, 
 presenting themselves, to which they had not con- 
 sented ; but the Lord had given them power over 
 them, and they were not overcome of them ? And 
 whether they were ever accused or condemned for 
 such motions which the Lord gave them power 
 against ? or, whether rather they had not peace and 
 joy in the Lord, who had discovered to them, and 
 given them power over the evil which had presented 
 itself?" Edward says, "I also gave them that 
 which I had witnessed concerning the thing, as a 
 testimony, agreeing with the Scriptures, to that
 
 246 MEMOIR OF 
 
 particular." " From ten years old, till many years 
 after, many times I had evil motions arising in my 
 own heart, which sometimes overcame me, and 
 sometimes the Lord gave me to overcome them, so 
 that I consented not to them, nor obeyed, nor 
 followed them. When they overcame me and led 
 me aside, then I was troubled and condemned of 
 the Lord ; for they were reckoned to be my sins, 
 when I consented ; and many times the Lord gave 
 me power over them, and I consented not, but 
 resisted them, and denied them, and then I had 
 great peace and joy in the Lord, and no condem- 
 nation." 
 
 On the subject of sanctification and justification, 
 Edward said, " Sanctification is a witness of justifi- 
 cation, and no man can further know himself to be 
 justified, than he is sanctified : nor justified, than 
 he is restored." 
 
 "We find little trace of Edward Burrough after 
 this dispute for several months, but it is probable 
 he spent the time principally in London and King- 
 ston. He, doubtless, attended the general meeting 
 of Friends, held towards the close of the third 
 month, 1658, at the house of John Crook, in Bed- 
 fordshire. He probably accompanied William Ca- 
 ton there, who says he went with Friends from 
 Kingston. In the fourth month he delivered, or 
 caused to be delivered into the hands of the Pro- 
 tector, at Hampton Court, a letter, in which he 
 proposes that Friends might have a public oppor- 
 tunity of answering such objections as he felt to
 
 EDWAED BTJEEOUGH. 247 
 
 their doctrines or practices. It was probably in 
 the same month, that in company with Greorge Fox 
 and Nicholas Bond, he had a dispute with a Jesuit 
 at the house of the Earl of Newport, in London. 
 The Jesuit had recently arrived from Spain, in the 
 suite of the ambassador from the court at Madrid, 
 and in the pride of head-knowledge challenged all 
 the Quakers to dispute with him. Greorge Fox, 
 hearing of this, let him know that Friends would 
 meet him. The Jesuit then restricted his challenge 
 to twelve of the most learned Quakers. Soon he 
 reduced it to six, and finally sent them word that 
 not more than three must come. A discussion of 
 much piquancy took place ; but the letter-learned 
 Jesuit, with all his subtlety, was altogether unable to 
 stand against the honest straightforward simplicity 
 of Gfeorge Fox, and he most signally failed in the 
 controversy. The following account of this inter- 
 view is from the journal of George Fox, viz. : 
 
 " When we were come to the house, I bid 
 Nicholas Bond and Edward Burrough go up, and 
 enter the discourse with him ; and I would walk 
 awhile in the yard, and then come up after them. 
 I advised them to state this question to him, 
 ' Whether or no the church of Borne, as it now 
 stood, was not degenerated from the true church, 
 which was in the primitive times, from the life and 
 doctrine, and from the power and spirit that they 
 were in ? ' They stated the question accordingly ; 
 and the Jesuit affirmed, ' That the church of Eome 
 now was in the virginity and purity of the primi-
 
 248 MEMOIB, OF 
 
 tive church.' By this time I was come to them. 
 Then we asked him, ' Whether they had the Holy 
 Ghost poured out upon them, as the apostles had ?' 
 He said, ' No.' ' Then,' said I, ' if ye have not 
 the same Holy Ghost poured forth upon you, and 
 the same power and Spirit that the apostles had, 
 ye are degenerated from the power and Spirit 
 which the primitive church was in.' There needed 
 little more to be said to that. 
 
 " Then I asked him, ' What Scripture they had 
 for setting up cloisters for nuns, abbeys and monas- 
 teries for men ; for all their several orders ; for 
 their praying by beads, and to images ; for making 
 crosses; for forbidding of meats and marriages; 
 and for putting people to death for religion ? If,' 
 said I, 'ye are in the practice of the primitive 
 church, in its purity and virginity, then let us see 
 by Scriptures wherever they practised any such 
 thing ? ' (For it was agreed, on both hands, that 
 we should make good by Scriptures what we said.) 
 Then he told us of a written word and an unwritten 
 word. I asked him what he called his unwritten 
 word ? He said, ' The written word is the Scrip- 
 tures, and the unwritten word is that which the 
 apostles spoke by word of mouth ; which, said he, 
 are all those traditions that we practise.' I bid 
 him prove that by Scripture. Then he brought 
 that Scripture where the apostle says, 2 Thes. ii. 5, 
 ' When I was with you, I told you these things.' 
 ' That is,' said he, ' I told you of nunneries and 
 monasteries, and of putting to death for religion,
 
 EDWAED BURBOUGH. 249 
 
 and of praying by beads, and to images, and all the 
 rest of the practices of the church of Rome, which,' 
 he said, ' was the unwritten word of the apostles, 
 which they told then, and have since been con- 
 tinued down by tradition unto these times.' 
 
 " Then I desired him to read that Scripture 
 again, that he might see how he had perverted the 
 apostle's words ; for that which the apostle there 
 tells the Thessalonians, ' he had told them before,' 
 is not an unwritten word, but is there written 
 down ; namely, that the man of sin, the son of per- 
 dition, shall be revealed before the great and terri- 
 rible day of Christ, which he was writing of, should 
 come : so this was not telling them of any of those 
 things that the church of Rome practises. In like 
 manner the apostle, in the third chapter of that 
 epistle, tells the church of some disorderly persons 
 he beard were amongst them, busy-bodies, who did 
 not work at all; concerning whom he had com- 
 manded them by his unwritten word, when he was 
 among them, that if any would not work, neither 
 should he eat: which now he commands them 
 again in his written word, in this epistle, 2 Thes. iii. 
 So this Scripture afforded no proof for their invented 
 traditions, and he had no other Scripture proof to 
 offer. Therefore I told him, this was another 
 degeneration of their church into such inventions 
 and traditions as the apostles and primitive saints 
 never practised. 
 
 " After this he came to his sacrament of the altar, 
 beginning at the paschal lamb, and the show-bread,
 
 250 MEMOIR OF 
 
 and came to the words of Christ, 'This is my body,' 
 and to what the apostle wrote of it to the Corin- 
 thians ; concluding, ' That after the priest had 
 consecrated the bread and wine, it was immortal 
 and divine, and he that received it, received the 
 whole Christ.' I followed him through the Scrip- 
 tures he brought till I came to Christ's words and 
 the apostle's. I showed him, ' That the same 
 apostle told the Corinthians, after they had taken 
 bread and wine in remembrance of Christ's death, 
 that they were reprobates if Christ was not in 
 them ; but if the bread they ate was Christ, he 
 must, of necessity, be in them after they had eaten 
 it. Besides, if this bread and this wine, which the 
 Corinthians ate and drank, was Christ's body, then 
 how hath Christ a body in heaven ? ' I observed 
 to him also, ' That both the disciples at the supper, 
 and the Corinthians afterwards, were to eat the bread 
 and drink the wine in remembrance of Christ, 
 and to show forth his death till he come ; which 
 plainly proves the bread and wine, which they took, 
 was not his body. For if it had been his real body 
 that they ate, then he had been come, and was 
 then there present, and it had been improper to 
 have done such a thing in remembrance of him, if 
 he had been then present with them, as he must 
 have been, if that bread and wine which they ate 
 and drank had been his real body.' 
 
 "As to those words of Christ, 'This is my body,' 
 I told him, ' Christ calls himself a vine, and a 
 door, and is called in Scripture a rock. Is Christ,
 
 EDWARD BTJRBOUGH. 251 
 
 therefore, an outward rock, door, or vine ? ' ' O,' 
 said the Jesuit, 'those words are to be inter- 
 preted.' So, said I, are those words of Christ, 
 ' This is my body.' 
 
 " Having stopped his mouth as to argument, I 
 made the Jesuit a proposal thus : ' That seeing he 
 said, the bread and wine was immortal and Divine, 
 and the very Christ ; and that whosoever received 
 it, received the whole Christ ; let a meeting be 
 appointed between some whom the Pope and his 
 cardinals should appoint, and some of us ; let a bottle 
 of wine and loaf of bread be brought, and divided 
 each into two parts, and let them consecrate which 
 of those parts they would. Then set the conse- 
 crated and the unconsecrated bread and wine in a 
 safe place, with a sure watch upon it ; and let trial 
 be thus made, whether the consecrated bread and 
 wine would not lose its goodness, and the bread 
 grow dry and mouldy, and the wine turn dead and 
 sour, as well and as soon as that which was uncon- 
 secrated. By this means,' said I, 'the truth of this 
 matter may be made manifest. And if the conse- 
 crated bread and wine change not, but retain their 
 savour and goodness, this may be a means to draw 
 many to your church. If they change, decay, and 
 lose their goodness, then ought you to confess and 
 forsake your error, and shed no more blood about 
 it ; for much blood hath been shed about these 
 things, as in Queen Mary's days.' 
 
 "To this the Jesuit made this reply: 'Take,' 
 said he, ' a piece of new cloth, and cut it into two
 
 252 MEMOIB OF 
 
 pieces, and make two garments of it, and put one 
 of them upon king David's back, and the other 
 upon a beggar's, and the one garment shall wear 
 away as well as the other.' Is this thy answer, 
 said I ? Yes, said he. Then, said I, by this the 
 company may all be satisfied that your consecrated 
 bread and wine is not Christ. Have ye told people 
 so long, that the consecrated bread and wine was 
 immortal and Divine, and that it was the very and 
 real body and blood of Christ, and dost thou now 
 say it will wear away and decay as well as the 
 other ? I must tell thee, ' Christ remains the 
 same to-day as yesterday,' and never decays ; but 
 is the saints' heavenly food in all generations, 
 through which they have life. He replied no 
 more to this, being willing to let it fall ; for the 
 people that were present saw his error, and that he 
 could not defend it. 
 
 " Then I asked him, ' "Why their church did per- 
 secute, and put people to death for religion ? ' He 
 replied, ' It was not the church that did it, but 
 the magistrates.' I asked him, 'Whether those 
 magistrates were not counted and called believers 
 and Christians ? ' He said, ' Yes.' ' Why, then,' 
 said I, 'are they not members of your .church ? ' 
 ' Yes,' said he. Then I left it to the people to 
 judge, from his own concessions, whether the church 
 of Rome doth not persecute, and put people to 
 death for religion. Thus we parted, and his 
 subtlety was confuted by simplicity." 
 
 On the 31st of the fifth month came on the suit
 
 EDWARD BUEBOUGH. 253 
 
 of Parson Mayo against Edward Burrough for 
 defamation. Edward demurred to the jurisdiction 
 of the court to try causes " of a spiritual depend- 
 ancy," and showed, as he thought, conclusively, 
 from the laws of England, that those before whom 
 he was brought had no power to try the case. In 
 reply, one of the judges told him they would over- 
 rule that, and would try the matter. 
 
 On the day of the court, when the jury were to 
 be chosen, Edward told the judges that as it was 
 doctrine which was to be tried, the jurymen should 
 be such as had the gift of the Holy Spirit. The 
 judges, however, took the ground that the jurymen 
 had nothing to do but to try whether the words 
 charged had been spoken by Edward. "When the 
 trial came on, Edward Burrough easily proved that 
 the priest had laid down the before-mentioned pro- 
 positions, and then offered to show from Scripture 
 the doctrines therein contained to be unsound. 
 The court directed the jury to give the priest 
 damages, and they brought in a verdict in his 
 favour for 100. At the next court, held seventh 
 month, 25th following, Mayo, by his counsel, moved 
 for a judgment on the verdict. Edward being pre- 
 sent, was allowed to speak, and so clearly proved 
 the truth of all he had said, and Mayo so lamely 
 defended himself, that the court did not give the 
 judgment. It remained for some time under 
 advisement, but it is believed that Mayo never 
 obtained anything. 
 
 In the sixth month, Edward Burrough once
 
 254 MEMOIE OF 
 
 more addressed a letter to Oliver Cromwell. It 
 commences thus : " Know that there is a God that 
 doeth whatsoever he will. All power is in his 
 hand, and he bringeth to pass the counsel of his own 
 heart, and he ruleth in the kingdoms of men, and 
 bringeth down and setteth up: he killeth and 
 maketh alive ; and he changeth times, and seasons, 
 and governments, and bringeth to nought the 
 counsels of men; for all power in earth and in heaven 
 is in him. All his doings are right, and his ways 
 are equal, and thou and all mankind are as clay in 
 the hand of the potter. He can honour and exalt 
 as he pleaseth, and he can mar, and break to pieces, 
 and dishonour whensoever he will. Wherefore be 
 humble, and low in heart before him, for he is the 
 highest power, that subdueth all things under his 
 feet. If he wound, who can heal? If he kill, 
 there is none can make alive. Know thou, it is 
 the Lord God Almighty that doth this, in whose 
 hands are the issues of life and death ; and he it is 
 who can break thee down and build thee up ; 
 who can wound thee, and restore thee ; and bring 
 thee to destruction, and say unto thee, return ; and 
 to know him that doth this belongs to thy eternal 
 peace, &c." 
 
 Edward then entreats Oliver to hearken to the 
 "Word of the Lord, that his soul may come out of 
 death and live. He says, "Fear the Lord God, 
 before whom thy heart is naked and bare. He can 
 mould thee and change thee, and fulfil his pleasure 
 upon thee, even according to his own will, and who
 
 EDWABD BUEEOUGH. 255 
 
 can say, what doest thou ? Now come to con- 
 sideration, and let thy heart be more upright 
 before him. Choose his way and counsel, that he 
 may bless thee, and seek his face that thy soul may 
 be satisfied by his word, and the milk of the word 
 may nourish thee unto life immortal. Mind his 
 pure presence which is life, even God with thee, 
 Christ the Emmanuel, to dwell with and walk in 
 thee, which is the promise of the Father. 
 
 " First come to the principle of God, and feel the 
 Word of God in thy heart, that will beat down the 
 nature into which temptations enter. The word 
 will bring thee to war against and overcome all thy 
 enemies, which would defile or betray thee. It will 
 bring thee to know a birth immortal in thee, a 
 crown immortal received from God, that dies not 
 nor fades away. Then he who rules over heaven 
 and earth will be thy shepherd to feed thee, thy 
 teacher to guide thee, thy counsellor to direct thee 
 in all things. Thy immortal soul will be satisfied 
 with the bread that cometh down from heaven ; the 
 covenant of God, and the sure mercies of David, will 
 be revealed, and his promise be fulfilled in thee." 
 
 He then tells him what need he has of the wis- 
 dom of God ; entreating him to remove oppression, 
 and warns him to take heed of the teachers, who 
 flatter, and yet hatch mischief against him ; and 
 also of the magistrates into whom great corruption 
 had entered. He thus concludes : " Be thou faithful 
 in what the Lord calleth thee to, and thou shalt 
 have thy reward. Seek his honour and he will
 
 256 MEMOIE OF 
 
 honour thee. Let thy mind be to the Lord in all 
 things, and feel his word, power, and presence in 
 thee, to quench all that is contrary, then thou wilt 
 be blessed in this life, and in the life to come ; but 
 if thou continuest in oppression, the Lord will sud- 
 denly smite thee." 
 
 Oliver was too busy with his own schemes of 
 family aggrandisement, to care much what perse- 
 cution fell upon the Quakers, and the hands of the 
 oppressing magistrates and persecuting priests 
 were not stayed. Soon after this he sickened, and 
 great anxiety reigned throughout England, as the 
 tidings spread abroad that it was likely to prove 
 his last illness. Some of the fanatical preachers 
 concluded he should not die, and very absurd peti- 
 tions and remonstrances to the Most High were 
 made by them. 
 
 Edward Burrough, on the 1st of the seventh 
 month, addressed the following letter to the Pro- 
 tector's family : 
 
 " Friends Remember, that by the Lord you 
 were raised from a low state, and when he will he 
 can abase you, and bring you down ; he gave you the 
 palace of princes, and threw out them before you. 
 
 " 0, remember this, every one of you, and come 
 to the witness of God in you, and be humble, and 
 meek, and lowly, and let the Lord's fear be in your 
 hearts ; and be of a tender spirit, having your minds 
 exercised in purity, in holiness, and in righteous- 
 ness. Exalt not yourselves, nor be lifted up in
 
 EDWARD BUEKOUGH. 257 
 
 jour hearts, in the pride and vain glories and ho- 
 nours of this world, lest the Lord cast you down, 
 and make your name and posterity a reproach, as 
 he hath done to many before you. If you walk in 
 the same steps, and do the same things, and become 
 guilty of the same abominations, and suffer the 
 children and servants of the Lord to be persecuted, 
 as many are at this day, some unto death, shall the 
 Lord spare you ? Nay, he will cause you to feel 
 his hand of judgment, and bring you down with 
 sorrow. He will vex you in his wrath, and smite 
 you with his rod more and more, till you learn his 
 fear, and depart from all your iniquities. The Lord 
 will deface your glory, and pull down your crown ; 
 and he will make you know that he is Lord, that 
 doeth whatsoever he will. 
 
 " Wherefore humble yourselves under the hand 
 of God, and search your own hearts, and cast out 
 the abominations that vex the Spirit of the Lord ; 
 and suffer not the people of the Lord's precious 
 flock to be devoured, and made a prey to the wicked. 
 Because of this the rod of affliction cometh upon 
 you, and may suddenly break you to pieces ; but 
 mind the seed of God in you, which is oppressed. 
 Wait to know the power of the Lord, which will 
 redeem you out of sin and death, and reconcile you 
 to God, and bring you into fellowship with himself, 
 to enjoy peace and rest for your souls, that you may 
 be made heirs of the inheritance of an endless life. 
 This will make you truly honourable, and will be 
 more satisfaction to you, and joy, and content, and 
 a
 
 258 MEMOIE Of 
 
 true rejoicing, than all the worldly crowns and 
 worldly glories, which will waste and consume 
 away, and leave you miserable. 
 
 " The Lord hath warned you, by a friend unto 
 you in the Lord. EDWAKD BUBROUGH." 
 
 On the 3rd, Oliver Cromwell died, and outward 
 lamentation and inward mourning were that day 
 felt amongst many, while secret joy was indulged 
 by not a few. 
 
 Oliver had named his son Richard to be his suc- 
 cessor, and he was proclaimed Protector on the 6th 
 of the month. 
 
 A few days after this, Edward Burrough addressed 
 a letter to Eichard Cromwell, chosen to be Pro- 
 tector, &c., of these nations ; and, speaking of the 
 rulers, he saith thus : 
 
 " As for magistracy, it was ordained of God to be 
 a dread and terror, and limit to evil-doers, and to 
 be a defence and praise to all that do well ; to con- 
 demn the guilty, and to justify the guiltless. But 
 the exercise thereof at this day in these nations 
 is degenerated, and some that are in authority are 
 greatly corrupted, and regard not the just and pure 
 law of God, to judge only thereby ; but oppress the 
 poor by injustice, and subvert the good laws of 
 God and men to a wrong end and use, abusing 
 authority, and turning the sword against the just. 
 Hereby true judgment is turned backward, and the 
 innocent made unjustly to suffer for righteousness,
 
 EDWAED BUEBOUGH. 259 
 
 sake, through the corruption of men in authority ; 
 and didst thou but know what we know in this 
 particular, it would pierce thy heart. 
 
 " It is frequent among some of the judges and 
 magistrates to commit a man to prison, and impose 
 some great fine upon him, and to cast him into a 
 dungeon or hole, among thieves and murderers, for 
 a long season ; for no other offence, or breach of 
 any law, but because he cannot put off his hat to 
 them, and respect their persons, by the hat or bow- 
 ing the knee. Many others also that fear God, 
 and for conscience sake cannot swear upon a book, 
 by kissing it, and laying hands upon it, because 
 Christ says, ' Swear not at all,' though they deny 
 not to speak and do the truth in all things, as in 
 the presence of God and all men ; and many others, 
 because they are moved to cry against sin, and 
 declare against the iniquities of the times, in 
 teachers, rulers, and people, that highly abound, 
 perhaps in a market, or a steeple-house, or high- 
 way, or other places, as they are moved of God ; 
 others, because for conscience sake they cannot pay 
 tithes, nor give money and wages to maintain a 
 priest, or false teacher, that they receive no profit 
 by ; or to maintain a steeple-house, where the world 
 worships in vain traditions, and not in the spirit 
 and power of God. Many have been taken out 
 of peaceable meetings, where they were waiting 
 upon the Lord ; and some out of their inns and 
 friends' houses ; and many have been taken on the 
 way, travelling about their lawful occasions ; and 
 s2
 
 260 MEMOTE OP 
 
 some from their callings and labours. For these 
 causes, through the envy of wicked men, and with- 
 out any just conviction of the breach of any law, or 
 any lawful trial or examination, have hundreds of 
 just men, being wholly innocent, been sent to 
 prison, and lain many months, and some for years ; 
 or whipped, or put into the stocks, and grievously 
 abused by cruel executioners of wicked men's envy 
 or injustice. And upon such grounds only, and 
 for such causes mentioned, and without the trans- 
 gression of any just law, have and do at this day 
 many hundreds of faithful subjects suffer hard and 
 cruel things, long and sore imprisonment, and cruel 
 and sharp whipping, and stocking, and unjust 
 banishment out of towns and cities ; yea, friend, it 
 is hard to be expressed, and large to be declared, 
 how many of the Lord's servants do and have 
 suffered great injustice in these nations, through 
 the abuse of good government, and degeneration of 
 magistracy from its perfect state and place, where- 
 unto it was ordained of Grod in the beginning," &c. 
 
 In this year he wrote a short statement of the 
 principles of the religious Society of which he was a 
 member, as follows, viz. : 
 
 " A Declaration to all the World of our Faith, and 
 what we believe, who are called Quakers. Concern- 
 ing God, Christ, and the Spirit, thus we believe : 
 
 " First, That there is only one true God, who is 
 a spirit, and his presence filleth heaven and earth ;
 
 EDWARD BITBBOUGII. 261 
 
 and he is eternal and everlasting, the Creator and 
 Preserver of all things ; that heaven and earth, 
 and all things therein, by him were framed and 
 brought forth ; and all things remain unto this 
 day by his power ; and whatsoever he willeth, in 
 heaven and earth, he brings to pass by his word and 
 power. 
 
 " And we believe, That this God only is and 
 ought to be feared, loved, obeyed, and worshipped 
 by all creatures ; and no other thing besides him in 
 heaven and earth. 
 
 " And we believe, That this worship and obedience, 
 and fear and love, is to be given in spirit, even in 
 what his own Spirit moveth and leadeth his people 
 unto. 
 
 " And we believe, His true worship, required and 
 accepted of him, is not by the tradition of men, in 
 outward observances, or set days, or places ; but he 
 is worshipped only in spirit and truth, without 
 respect of time, places, or things ; and that none 
 can worship him in righteousness . but his children, 
 who are born of his Spirit, and are led and guided 
 thereby. 
 
 " And we believe, That this God hath given his 
 Son Christ Jesus into the world, a free gift unto 
 the whole world ; and that every man that cometh 
 into the world is lighted by him, that every man 
 might believe and be saved. 
 
 " And we believe, That he is given into the world, 
 and no nation, country or people excepted ; but 
 unto all mankind is he given of God, and hath
 
 262 MEMOIB OF 
 
 lightened them ; and every man through the world, 
 that believeth in him, and receiveth Christ, who is 
 the wisdom and power of the Father, shall be saved 
 with eternal salvation ; and every one that believeth 
 not in him shall be damned, and shall possess ever- 
 lasting misery. 
 
 " And we believe, That salvation, justification, 
 and sanctifi cation, are only in him, and wrought 
 by him, and no other ; for there is no other name 
 given under heaven, but him alone, by which sal- 
 vation is. 
 
 " And we believe, All that receive him, and 
 believe in him, are reconciled to God, and are made 
 alive to God, to live to him in all things, and do 
 receive the forgiveness of sins, and are set free from 
 all unrighteousness, and from the body of sin and 
 death, and have the witness of the Spirit in them. 
 The Spirit of the Father they have received, and it 
 witnesseth in them of the Father and of the Son, 
 and of the things that belong unto their peace. It 
 is the earnest of the inheritance, and the seal of 
 the promise of eternal life, and by it are the deep 
 things of God revealed to mankind, and by it the 
 Father and the Sou dwell in the saints, and by it 
 have they fellowship one with another ; and the 
 Father, Son, and Spirit are one. And this we 
 faithfully believe. 
 
 " Again, concerning Christ, we believe, That he 
 is one with the Father, and was with him before the 
 world was ; and what the Father worketh, it is by 
 the Son ; for he is the arm of God's salvation, and
 
 EDWARD BUBBOUGH. 263 
 
 the very power and wisdom of the Creator; and 
 was, is, and is to come, without beginning or end. 
 
 "And we believe, That all the prophets gave 
 testimony of him, and that he was made manifest 
 in Judea and Jerusalem, and did the work of the 
 Father, and was persecuted of the Jews, and was 
 crucified by his enemies ; and that he was buried, 
 and rose again, according to the Scriptures. 
 
 " And we believe, He is now ascended on high, 
 and exalted at the right hand of the Father for 
 evermore; and that he is glorified with the same 
 glory that he had before the world was ; and that 
 even the same that came down from heaven, is 
 ascended up to heaven; and the same that descended 
 is he that ascended. 
 
 " And we believe, Even that he that was dead is 
 alive, and lives for evermore ; and that he cometh, 
 and shall come again, to judge the whole world 
 with righteousness, and all people with equity, and 
 shall give to every man according to his deeds, at 
 the day of judgment, when all shall arise to con- 
 demnation or justification ; he that hath done good 
 shall receive life, and he that hath done evil ever- 
 lasting condemnation. 
 
 " And we believe, He is to be waited for in spirit, 
 to be known after the Spirit, as he was before the 
 world was. This is the knowledge unto eternal 
 life, which all that believe in him do receive ; and 
 he subdues death, and destroys him that hath the 
 power of it ; and restoreth from death to life, and 
 quickeneth by his Spirit all that the Father hath
 
 2G4 MEMOIR OF 
 
 given him. We believe such he justifieth and sanc- 
 tifieth, and such are taught of him ; but he condemns 
 all that believe not, but continue in unbelief, and 
 are not taught of him. And this we faithfully 
 believe. 
 
 " And \ve believe, That unto all people upon the 
 face of the whole earth is a time and day of visita- 
 tion given, that they may return and be saved by 
 Christ Jesus, who is given of the Father to call the 
 worst of men to repentance ; and the most ungodly 
 of sinners are convinced by him of their ungodly 
 deeds, that they might believe, and be converted 
 and saved. 
 
 " And we believe, Herein is the love of God 
 manifested to all mankind ; and that none are shut 
 out by him before they were born into the world ; 
 but unto all men is a visitation given. They that 
 do perish, it is because they do not believe in Christ ; 
 and his destruction is of a man's self, but salvation 
 is of God, through believing in his Son, who takes 
 away sin, and reneweth into his own image, that 
 they may become heirs with him. 
 
 " And we believe, That there is a crown of eternal 
 glory, and an inheritance of eternal life to be enjoyed 
 for evermore by all that believe, and are chosen 
 of God; and that there is an everlasting misery 
 and destruction to be possessed by all that believe 
 not, but continue in the state of reprobation, and 
 are not changed from the ways of sin and death ; 
 but walk after the ways of their own hearts' lusts, 
 fulfilling the will of the flesh, in the evil of this
 
 EDWARD BURROUGUI. 265 
 
 world, aud follow not Christ, the light of the world, 
 that they may be saved. And we believe upon all 
 such the wrath of God abideth, and that they have 
 no part in the inheritance of God. 
 
 " And we believe, That it is only he that is born 
 again of the Spirit, and that walks after the Spirit, 
 who is changed from death to life, and who is 
 redeemed out of the world, and all its ways, that 
 must inherit the kingdom of God. They only have 
 a right thereunto, and none besides, even they that 
 are washed and cleansed from all unrighteousness by 
 the blood of Jesus, by which their sins are remitted. 
 For his blood cleanseth from all unrighteousness and 
 sin ; yea, all such that walk and abide in the light 
 which Christ Jesus hath lightened the world withal. 
 
 " And we believe, That the saints upon earth may 
 receive forgiveness of sins ; and may be perfectly 
 freed from the body of sin and death, and in Christ 
 may be perfect and without sin, and may have victory 
 over all temptations, by faith in Christ Jesus. 
 
 " And we believe, Every saint, that is called of 
 God, ought to press after perfection, and to over- 
 come the devil and all his temptations upon earth. 
 We believe they that faithfully wait for it shall 
 obtain it, and shall be presented, without sin, in the 
 image of the Father. Such walk not after the flesh, 
 but after the Spirit, and are in covenant with God, 
 and their sins are blotted out, and remembered no 
 more ; for they cease to commit sin, being born of 
 the seed of God. 
 
 " And we believe, The Gospel of Christ is the
 
 266 MEMOIR OF 
 
 power of God unto salvation, and that it ought to 
 be preached freely unto people, and Christ to be 
 held forth unto all mankind, by the ministry sent 
 of him. We believe this ministry is received by 
 the gift of the Holy Ghost ; and all they that 
 receive it, are lawfully called to the ministry ; and 
 they may preach the Gospel of Christ freely, as they 
 have received it freely. And this ministry is not 
 of man, but of God, and is made powerful to the con- 
 verting of sinners, and to the bringing of people to 
 God, and to the knowledge of his ways. We do not 
 believe, that any man is a minister of Christ, with- 
 out the gift of the Holy Ghost, or that the Gospel 
 can be received by natural learning or education. 
 
 "And we believe, Such as preach for hire, and 
 have hire for preaching, are not the lawfully called 
 ministers of the Gospel of Christ ; such as are 
 proud, and high-minded, and covetous men, who do 
 not profit the people at all ; such as have run, and 
 never were sent of Christ, who calleth by his Spirit 
 into the work of the ministry ; and as every one 
 hath received the gift of that, his Spirit, so he may 
 administer to others. 
 
 " Concerning rulers and governors, we believe, 
 That there ought to be rulers and governors in 
 every nation, city, country, and town. They ought 
 to be such men as fear God and hate every evil 
 way ; who will judge for God, and not for man ; and 
 will judge righteously, equally, and justly, and will 
 give true and sound judgment unto all men, without 
 bribery, or respect of persons, not regarding the
 
 EDWAED BUEROUGH. 267 
 
 rich above the poor ; but being a praise unto all 
 that do well, and a terror to all evil-doers what- 
 soever ; having knowledge in the pure law of God, 
 and themselves continually exercised therein. "We 
 believe, that every law of man ought to be grounded 
 upon the law of Grod, pure reason and equity being 
 the foundation thereof, that Gfod's witness in every 
 man may answer to it. The law ought to be known 
 unto all people, before transgression be charged or 
 punished in any man. 
 
 " We believe, That every transgression ought to 
 be punished according to its nature ; and that the 
 punishment exceed not the greatness of the trans- 
 gression ; neither ought any transgressor to escape 
 unpunished ; neither ought any, upon false suspicion 
 or jealousies, to be caused to suffer, without the 
 testimony of true men, or the confession of the 
 party. We believe, that the executors of the law 
 ought to be just men, and not given to pride, 
 drunkenness, or any other evil whatsoever. They 
 ought to be chosen every year, or otherwise, by the 
 consent of the people ; and that no man be stopped 
 of his free choice, except justly taxed. 
 
 " We believe, That all governors and rulers 
 ought to be accountable to the people, and to the 
 next succeeding rulers, for all their actions, which 
 may be inquired into upon occasion ; and that the 
 chiefest of the rulers be subject under the law, and 
 punishable by it, if they be transgressors, as well as 
 the poorest of the people. Thus, true judgment 
 and justice will be brought forth in the earth, and
 
 268 MEMOIR OF 
 
 all that do well will have praise, and live in rest 
 and peace ; and all evil-doers whatsoever may stand 
 in awe, and be afraid of God, and just men, and the 
 execution of just laws. 
 
 " Concerning religion, we believe, That it is only 
 the Spirit of the Lord that makes men truly reli- 
 gious. That no man ought to be compelled to, or 
 from, any exercise or practice in religion, by any 
 outward law or power ; but every man ought to be 
 left free, as the Lord shall persuade his own mind, 
 in doing, or leaving undone, this or the other practice 
 in religion. Every man, of what profession in 
 religion soever, ought to be protected in peace, 
 provided himself be a man of peace, not seeking 
 the wrong of any man's person or estate. 
 
 " "We believe, That to oppose false opinions, and 
 unsound doctrines and principles, seeking to con- 
 vince them that oppose themselves, by exhortation, 
 or sharp reproof, by word or writing, ought not to 
 be counted a breach of the peace ; or to strive about 
 the things of the kingdom of God, by men of con- 
 trary minds or judgments, this ought not to be 
 punishable by the magistrates and their laws. For 
 we believe, the outward laws and powers of the 
 earth are only to preserve men's persons and est ; 
 and not to preserve men in opinions. Neither ought 
 the law of the nation to be laid upon men's con- 
 sciences, to bind them to, or from, such a judgment 
 or practice in religion. "We believe that Christ is, 
 and ought only to be, Lord and exerciser of men's con- 
 sciences ; and his Spirit only must lead into all truth.
 
 EDWABD BTJEBOUQH. 269 
 
 " And we believe, That obedience and subjection 
 in the Lord belongs to superiors, and that subjects 
 ought to obey in the Lord those that have rule 
 over them. That children ought to obey their 
 parents, and "wives their husbands, and servants 
 their masters, in all things which are according to 
 God, which stand in the exercise of a pure con- 
 science towards God. But where rulers, parents, 
 or masters, or any other, command or require sub- 
 jection in anything which is contrary to God, or 
 not according to him, in such cases all people are 
 free, and ought to obey God rather than man. We 
 believe, that herein God will justify them, being 
 guided and led by his Spirit in all that is good, 
 and out of all that is evil. 
 
 " Again, we believe, concerning election and repro- 
 bation, That there is a state of election, and a state 
 of reprobation, a state chosen of God, and a state 
 rejected of God, and that all mankind are in one of 
 these states. All that are elected, are elected in 
 Christ ; and all that are out of him are in the 
 reprobate state, bringing forth fruits of death and 
 darkness, being children of wrath and disobedience, 
 in the alienation and separation from God. They 
 are in the transgression, unreconciled to God, the 
 enmity ruling in the heart, being in the fall, and 
 not restored to God again, but ignorant of his 
 power, and of his wisdom, having the understanding 
 darkened, that they cannot see nor perceive the 
 things that are eternal. 
 
 " In this condition man's best works are sin, and
 
 270 MEMOIE OF 
 
 whatsoever he doth he cannot be accepted of God ; 
 for he is dead to God, and alive to all evil, bringing 
 forth all his works out of that ground which is 
 cursed. This is the condition of all mankind upon 
 the face of the earth, in the first Adam, and this is 
 the state of reprobation ; and all that abide herein 
 are rejected of God, and shall never inherit eternal 
 life, but go into perdition. 
 
 " Yet have all such a day of visitation, that they 
 may return out of the state of reprobation ; but 
 hating knowledge, and despising the love of God, 
 they continue in the reprobate state, and the wrath 
 of God abides upon them. But they that are chosen 
 of God, are delivered from wrath ; for they believe 
 in the Light, and become children of the Light, 
 and are renewed in mind and heart, and receive the 
 love of the Father, and become planted into Christ 
 the second Adam. They are chosen in him to 
 bring forth fruit unto the Father, and all their 
 fruit springeth from that ground which is blessed. 
 For they are led by the Spirit of the Father ; and 
 such are in a state of election, who are made heirs 
 with Christ of the everlasting inheritance, that 
 never fades away. And this we faithfully believe, 
 that mercy is not shown to the reprobate, nor 
 judgment to them that are chosen of God. 
 
 "EDWAED BUEBOUGH." 
 
 On the 22nd of the ninth month, Edward Bur- 
 rough was at Kingston ; on the 23rd, as he was 
 entering London, at Charing Cross, he beheld a
 
 EDWARD BFEEOUGH. 271 
 
 great multitude of people pressing upon one another 
 exceedingly. Whichever way he looked, the whole 
 streets were filled, every window was crowded, 
 and balconies and house-tops were thronged. He 
 could not well pass through such a crowd; and 
 guards of soldiers, both foot and horse, were on 
 duty there, who stopped his horse, and told him he 
 must not pass that way. Tarrying but a short time 
 he turned about and passed away, wondering what 
 this great stir meant, and what it was which occa- 
 sioned such excitement in the spirits of the people, 
 as plainly appeared. He says, " I felt the spirits 
 of men, women, and children were all on fire." Al- 
 though living in London, and labouring abundantly 
 in his vocation there, he appears to have had no 
 notice of these pompous preparations for the fune- 
 ral of Oliver Cromwell, of whom an image was to be 
 carried along in view of the multitude. This was 
 the day of the funeral, and this crowd was gathered 
 to see it pass. 
 
 As Edward went on he turned his mind inward, 
 seeking to know of the Lord " what this thing might 
 be, what might be the end of it, and why was this 
 gathering, and running, and thronging of multitudes 
 in this manner. Presently I perceived [says he] 
 that an image, an invented picture, would be carried 
 that way ; and that all this pressing and stir, and 
 the gathering of this great multitude, was only to 
 see an image without life or breath. Then my 
 spirit was grieved, and my soul was vexed within 
 me ; and it ran through me, vanity, folly, and mad-
 
 272 MEMOIR OF 
 
 ness. What is all this setting of guards, gathering of 
 people in such thronging multitudes, and gazing of 
 men, women, and children, high and low, rich and 
 poor, that are come together ? Is all this but to see 
 a dead, invented image of wood or wax, arrayed and 
 decked with some foolish inventions ? " 
 
 The idea of a carved or moulded representation 
 of Cromwell being carried at his funeral, reminded 
 Edward of the time when Oliver and his soldiers 
 found pleasant work in the old parish steeple-houses, 
 the rich cathedrals, whenever and wherever they were 
 to be found, in breaking up and destroying carved 
 images, crosses, and other relics of popery. Here- 
 upon Edward began, as he tells us, in " a testimony 
 against a great idolatry committed," to talk to him- 
 self on this matter. He said, " I knew the man 
 when he was living, and had a knowledge of his 
 spirit ; and I am persuaded, if it had been asked 
 him, in his life-time, if such should be acted about 
 him, such an image made like him, and laid for so 
 long time in a Sumptuous place and manner, and 
 then carried by his friends and children, kindred 
 and army, I think he would have said ' Nay ! 
 What, make an image of me, and deck it diversly, 
 and visit it ; and then carry it up and down from 
 place to place ! This will be a shame to my children, 
 a disgrace to my kindred, a reproach to my officers 
 and the whole army. The nation will mock and be 
 offended, and may say, these are they that were 
 once enemies to all images and dead idols, and pulled 
 them down and brake them. Are these now making
 
 EDWAED BTJBEOUGH. 273 
 
 an image, and setting it up, wandering after it from 
 place to place ? If thus it be done, they at Konie 
 may laugh us to scorn, and the Papists may 
 say, we have learned of them, put their persons 
 from among us, banished and killed them, and set 
 up their practices.' Sure he would have said this. 
 I am certain the witness of God in his conscience 
 might truly have said it." 
 
 In the tenth month Edward addressed the follow- 
 ing to Richard Cromwell and his council : 
 
 " To the Protector and his Council. 
 
 " The Lord God will shortly make you know that 
 we are his people; though we be accounted as sheep 
 for the slaughter, yet our King of Righteousness 
 will break you to pieces if you harden your hearts 
 and repent not. And though that love will not 
 draw you, neither the gentle leadings of our God 
 have any place in you, yet judgments shall awaken 
 you, and his heavy hand of indignation shall lie upon 
 your consciences, and you will be scattered and 
 distracted to pieces. EDWAED BUEEOUGH." 
 
 In this year he also wrote the following Epis- 
 tles, viz. : 
 
 " An Epistle to go abroad among Friends in West- 
 moreland and Cumberland, and elsewhere, among 
 the flock of God. 
 
 "Friends, My love and life, which is not of 
 T
 
 274 MEMOIB OF 
 
 this world, but is in the living God, doth reach unto 
 and salute all you that are in the Light of life, 
 and in the Truth itself, which changeth not, but 
 endureth for ever, which we receive of God the 
 everlasting Father, through the Gospel, which came 
 unto us in the demonstration of the Spirit, and of 
 power, changing us from death, which reigned over 
 us, to life, in which we have power over death, and 
 turning us from the power of Satan, wherein we 
 were held, unto the power of the living God, wherein 
 we became fruitful, and a good savour unto him 
 through the nations. 
 
 " Dearly beloved, in the same truth be faithful 
 unto death, in that which cannot sin, nor be over- 
 come of the tempter, in which Satan hath nothing, 
 wherein only stand our fellowship and union one 
 with another, as we abide in the living vine, Christ 
 Jesus, the light of the world, in whom you have 
 believed unto eternal life, and have entered into the 
 rest which is prepared. As you continue therein, 
 you cannot be moved or shaken, but are as Mount 
 Sion, established in the power, and life, and wisdom 
 of the everlasting God, which condemns darkness, 
 and all its works, and gives dominion and rule over 
 all the powers of death and hell, which work in the 
 children of disobedience, who know not God, nor 
 receive the truth, much more in them who turn 
 from the light and knowledge of the truth into the 
 liberty of the flesh, to serve sin, having made ship- 
 wreck of fear, and of faith, and a good conscience. 
 These shall bear their own shame and condemnation
 
 EDWAED BUBBOTJOH. 275 
 
 in the sight of God and man, and shall have no part 
 with us in the inheritance of peace and righteous- 
 ness ; but the latter end of such is worse than the 
 beginning. 
 
 " Wherefore, you that are in the covenant of 
 peace, where sin is not remembered, nor committed, 
 nor the unclean thing touched, dwell and abide in 
 the life of God, and in his strength, which reigns 
 over all the world, with its temptations, and over 
 all false brethren, and over all deceitful workers, 
 whose eye becometh darkened, and their heart 
 hardened through the deceitfulness of sin, turning 
 the grace of God into wantonness, and giving 
 liberty to the unclean thing, which is accursed. 
 
 " In the counsel of the Lord God walk before 
 him, and keep yourselves pure and undefiled, and 
 partake not of the deeds of the wicked, neither 
 give place to the devil, to be perverted by him from 
 the truth of the living God, which is truth in 
 itself for ever, though the backsliders despise the 
 way of it. Every one abide in your own, and know 
 a measure of the strength of Christ Jesus in you, 
 to defend you from the enemy, who seeks to beguile 
 and devour, and to divert from the perfect way of 
 life and peace. 
 
 " Dwell in your own measure of the grace of 
 God, which is perfect, which is sufficient to teach, 
 and lead, and preserve in all the ways of God, which 
 the unclean cannot walk in. He that keepeth you, 
 reproveth, and condemneth, and casteth out the 
 devil, and all his works and workers who abide not 
 T-2
 
 276 MEMOIR OF 
 
 in Christ Jesus, nor in the truth, wherein we wor- 
 ship the Father, who are called of Him, and are 
 faithful and chosen followers of the Lamb, who 
 taketh away our sin, and giveth power over it, and 
 over the tempter, who seeketh to betray the Just One. 
 
 " From the Eternal God I warn you ; every one 
 know a hiding-place in God. The day of great 
 shaking cometh upon the garden of God. The 
 beast, that had a wound by a sword, whose deadly 
 wound is healed, may live, and power may be given 
 him for a moment, to make war against the Lamb 
 and His followers ; and Satan may prevail to win- 
 now you, and try you for your life. Therefore be 
 armed with the whole armour of light, which niani- 
 festeth the mystery of iniquity, and the working of 
 spiritual wickedness in high places, and which 
 defendeth you from his power, out of the snare of 
 the devil, in the simplicity as it is in Christ Jesus, 
 who is our rock and our strength, by which wo 
 overcome the fiery darts of the enemy, which come 
 against us. 
 
 " Dwell in the Truth, that you may know the life 
 which standeth in God, with whom there is no 
 shadow of turning. He is the same for ever, and 
 keepeth covenant with His own elect, who cannot 
 be overcome of the devil, nor deceived; in whom 
 you abiding cannot sin, but are kept from being 
 touched with the wicked one by the way, and in the 
 truth, and in the peace of God, lively and precious 
 in his sight, to serve him in fear and faithfulness. 
 " If any go out from the Light, the living way,
 
 EDWABD BUBEOUGH. 277 
 
 they become as withered branches, to be cut ofi' 
 from the body, no more to have fellowship in the 
 body, but are reproved and judged with that which 
 keeps us in the body. Though some go from the 
 Lord, yet his faithfulness endureth for ever, and 
 his promise is yea and amen to his own seed, 
 which keep covenant with him, and fulfil his law 
 of righteousness and judgment. He that breaketh 
 covenant let him be condemned, that the creature 
 may be saved in the day of the Lord : for in them 
 who draw back God hath no pleasure, but is op- 
 pressed with, and his soul vexed. Therefore, all 
 walk in God's wisdom, which is pure and peaceable. 
 Let not the name of our God be spoken against 
 through any of you, who have been partakers of the 
 word of truth, through any disobedience or ungodly 
 walking ; but rather deny your own liberty, than 
 make it an occasion to the flesh, wherein Satan's 
 strength stands. So you will receive God's blessing 
 and His nourishment unto your souls, and will be 
 preserved in faithfulness, not to end in the flesh, 
 you that have begun in the Spirit. 
 
 " This in pure love towards you all, as a testi- 
 mony of my love to the seed of God in you all, was 
 I moved to write ; as seeing in the light the day 
 cometh upon you, of which some may not be aware ; 
 and I am clear thus far of the charge committed to 
 me of God towards you, and am in the truth itself, 
 which cannot change, and am in it your friend in 
 the service of the Lord God. 
 
 " EDWAED BUEEOUGH."
 
 278 MEMOIE OF 
 
 " A Second General Epistle to all the Saints. 
 
 " A servant of the Lord and minister of Jesus 
 Christ, thereunto ordained and called through the 
 powerful operation and gift of the Holy Ghost, 
 unto all his brethren in the same life, who are born 
 of God, and witnesses of his power ; and unto all 
 the saints and churches of Christ, who have believed 
 and received the sure and faithful testimony, and 
 are called with the heavenly call, to follow the 
 Lamb whithersoever he goes ; who is given to you, 
 and received of you, a light, a guide, and a teacher 
 in all the ways of God. Unto you all that are 
 scattered abroad in the world, whether in bonds or at 
 liberty, whether strong men or children in Christ, 
 I send greeting ; and above all things desire and 
 pray unto the Father, for your increase in the 
 knowledge of him, and faithfulness in all his ways, 
 and that the increase of his government may 
 abound among you; and that grace, mercy, and 
 peace may be plentifully enlarged, that nothing 
 may be lacking to you in any thing of that which 
 maketh perfect ; but that in Christ Jesus you may 
 be complete, and through him you may receive 
 power, and thereby be strengthened to do all things. 
 
 " My dearly beloved and longed for, in the fellow- 
 ship of that Spirit which hath begotten you to be 
 sons and daughters of one Father, and heirs and 
 fellow-members of that inheritance of life, pence, 
 and rest, which abideth for ever. Oh, how I long
 
 EDWAED BUBBOUGH. 279 
 
 to meet you all in this, and to find you perfectly 
 settled and established upon the sure foundation, 
 which God hath laid amongst you, beyond all 
 doubts, and fears, and stumblings, above the 
 world and all its temptations, and above hell and 
 death, and all the ways thereof, having all the 
 powers of darkness subjected under you, serving 
 the Lord in perfect holiness, walking in his strength 
 and wisdom, showing forth his light in the world, as 
 his redeemed people. 
 
 " My desire is more and more kindled and en- 
 larged toward you all, that you may perfectly attain 
 to the knowledge of the great mystery of salvation, 
 to wit, God dwelling in you ! I say, my desire is, 
 that you may know even as you are known, and 
 that you may receive him as you are received of 
 him ; and that you may be a perfect body, growing 
 up together, and springing forth in all good fruits 
 of truth and righteousness unto the Father, who is 
 glorified through your bringing forth much fruit. 
 You very well know, that for this end he hath 
 called you, and in this his appointed day caused 
 his glory to shine forth, and hath visited and 
 brought us to the knowledge of the hidden mystery 
 of eternal salvation, which mystery hath been 
 sealed up for many ages, and is kept secret for 
 ever from the wisdom of this world. 
 
 " But unto us that have believed in the Light of 
 the world it is clearly discovered, as at noon-day ; 
 being revealed to us by the Spirit, which worketh in 
 us the will and mind of the Father, and is power-
 
 280 MEMOIB OF 
 
 ful and mighty, and subdueth and breaketh down 
 the hardness of heart, and through the working 
 thereof every high thought is brought into subjec- 
 tion to Jesus. 
 
 " This same Spirit quickeneth and maketh alive 
 to God, and changeth and reneweth into his image 
 and likeness, and raiseth up from under the bond- 
 age of corruption, to live to God in all things in 
 newness of life, old things being done away, and 
 all things being made new through the working 
 thereof. In this same Spirit is the Father alone 
 worshipped, and by it God is known ; and his pro- 
 mise is fulfilled, it witnessing in all things unto the 
 Father, and is the earnest of the inheritance which 
 fadeth not away. By it know we the deep things 
 of God, which the world by wisdom knoweth not ; 
 and thereby are we sealed and bound up in cove- 
 nant with the Father. This is known to you that 
 are children of the light, and hereof you have the 
 witness in yourselves, and of God you are approved, 
 and not of men. 
 
 " And all ye, my brethren, who are called into the 
 work and ministry of the Gospel, unto whom the 
 word of the Lord is come, and the Gospel of Christ 
 to you committed, dwell in the life of God, and 
 feel his power and authority. Live in the same 
 life of which you minister to others, that you may 
 bring people to God, and may effectually turn them 
 from the dominion of sin unto the dominion of 
 Christ Jesus, that people may be guided out of 
 darkness into the marvellous light. Cry aloud,
 
 EDWABD BUEBOUGH. 281 
 
 spare not, proclaim the mighty day of the Lord in 
 all the earth ; and fear ye not, neither be ye dis- 
 mayed at the face of any man, but be bold and 
 valiant for the truth upon earth, and give your 
 testimony as you have received from God. 
 
 "Preach Christ Jesus the light of the world 
 unto all people, that they may receive him, and be 
 converted, and live. For blindness and darkness 
 have covered the whole earth, and all have gone 
 astray from the Lord, as sheep without a shepherd. 
 Therefore, awake ye them that sleep, and cause the 
 deaf to hear, and the dead to rise, that such as have 
 strayed may be gathered. For this is the fulness of 
 time ; he is now seeking his sheep that have been 
 lost, and bringing them home that have strayed ; 
 and you, as instruments in the Lord's hand, hath 
 he chosen to this work. 
 
 " Therefore go on, in the strength of the Lord ? 
 and preach the Gospel of peace, even the power 
 of God, that sinners may be converted, and the 
 wounded healed, and the weak may be strength- 
 ened, and they that are ready to die may be re- 
 stored to life and salvation. This is the work of 
 the Lord, whereunto you are called ; therefore, all 
 who are called unto it, be faithful unto the end, 
 and not only by word, but by life and conversation 
 also, hold forth the way of life. For you must 
 feel that in yourselves, of which you minister to 
 others ; and you must hold forth in life, the same 
 which you minister in words ; and thereby shall 
 you be made manifest to that of God in all people,
 
 282 MEMOIR OF 
 
 and God's testimony shall answer for you. See 
 that in all things you divide God's word aright, not 
 crying peace to the wicked, nor healing up the 
 wound falsely ; but that true judgment in all things 
 may be brought forth by you to all people ; judg- 
 ment to the fat, and bread to the hungry. They 
 that are naked must be clothed, and they that are 
 falsely covered must be made bare. 
 
 "Improve the gift which God hath given you, 
 to him only, and not unto yourselves. Be not 
 hasty to utter words before the Lord, but wait 
 for power from on high, that the flay of God 
 unto salvation may be faithfully and truly held 
 forth by you unto all people. Faint not, though 
 your burdens and trials be many, but bear all 
 things patiently. Love not your lives unto death. 
 that the good work of the Lord may be accom- 
 plished, which he hath begun by. us, and made 
 prosperous and powerful in our hands unto this 
 very day. 
 
 " Our cause is good. We seek truth and right- 
 eousness, that it may be established in the earth, 
 and people may be brought unto God. Unto this 
 God hath called us, and hath owned us in it, and 
 will never forsake us ; for the work is his, and the 
 power is his, and whatsoever he will, he bringeth 
 to pass; and therefore why should we doubt, or 
 be weary ? For we shall see of the travail of our 
 souls. The scattered shall be gathered, and a 
 remnant of the seed shall be brought in, which is 
 scattered in every nation, as dry bones, unable to
 
 EDWABD BT7BROTJGH. 283 
 
 live. How shall we hide that treasure, which God 
 hath given us, from them that perish for want 
 thereof? Or how shall we rest satisfied till the 
 scattered sheep be brought home to the fold ? Our 
 hearts are troubled to see so many thousand walk- 
 ing in thick darkness, and to see the seed of Israel 
 devoured by the destroyer. 
 
 " Therefore, my brethren, let us put on strength, 
 the Lord is with us ; let us make war in righteous- 
 ness for the Lord, against all the powers of dark- 
 ness. Let us continually be armed to do and to 
 suffer all things for the name of the Lord, that 
 people may be instructed in the right way. We 
 know no man can have power over us, but what is 
 given him from above ; and all that comes to pass 
 against us is not worthy to be compared with the 
 crown of glory, and that inheritance of which we 
 have already received the earnest, and had sealed 
 with the spirit of promise. The Father's name is 
 written upon us ; therefore, in all things unto 
 which he hath called you, be faithful and obedient, 
 that his work may be accomplished. 
 
 " And all ye children and babes in Christ, that 
 are begotten of God, and are thirsting and seeking 
 after him in truth and righteousness, he whom ye 
 seek is coming to reign amongst you, and his 
 dominion shall be set up and enlarged, and the 
 desire of your hearts shall be fulfilled. Righteous- 
 ness and truth shall meet in one, and judgment 
 and mercy shall be exalted. Wait upon the Lord, 
 and feel his power and his presence continually,
 
 284 MEMOIE OF 
 
 that you may grow as plants of righteousness, and 
 may partake of the heirship with Christ, being 
 crucified to the world, and become dead to all its 
 ways, and no more you to live, but Christ to live in 
 you. 
 
 " Through the light which he hath enlightened 
 you withal, hath he given you an entrance into the 
 inheritance of the Father. As you walk in the 
 light, you grow into fellowship with the Father and 
 with the Son. Abiding in the Son you cannot sin ; 
 for he keeps you from the wicked one, and he hath 
 no power over you that abide in Christ, who is the 
 power of God, and the salvation of all that believe, 
 and a condemnation of all that believe not. 
 Therefore, all you that are convinced everywhere, 
 hearken to the voice of the Lord, that your souls 
 may live. Mind the power of God, and the work- 
 ings thereof in your hearts, which conquereth hell 
 and death, and subdueth all the powers and ways 
 thereof. 
 
 " Every one be obedient to the Lord, as children 
 of one Father, that of his fulness you may receive, 
 and be filled therewith. Meet together in every 
 place ; and as the day approacheth exhort one 
 another, that you may grow up in unity, as members 
 of one Head. Mind always the testimony of truth, 
 and walk therein, and you cannot stumble. Have 
 not respect to persons, but to the truth only ; for 
 persons may change, but the truth abides for ever. 
 So let not an evil eye look at evil, when it comes 
 to pass, to take occasion thereby against the truth ;
 
 EDWARD BURBOUGH. 285 
 
 for then you stumble and fall. I say again, have 
 respect only to the pure testimony of truth, which 
 is sure, and cannot err or alter, though man may 
 change and err. That is the testimony which is 
 held forth for salvation, even the testimony of God, 
 with whom there is no shadow of turning. 
 
 " Therefore all take heed unto yourselves that 
 you give not, nor receive, any offence against the 
 Lord, and against your own souls ; but know the 
 seed of God, in which stands the election, where 
 the covenant of God is sure and unalterable. A 
 birth you must all know to be brought forth in you, 
 which must inherit, and that is it which is born of the 
 Spirit, and doth obtain the promise. It is not that 
 birth which is of the flesh, which works by willing, 
 and running, and thinking. That obtains not the 
 promise of God, neither is salvation showed unto 
 it, but in patience and in long-suffering is the 
 victory received, over all the powers of darkness 
 which make war against the kingdom of God. 
 
 " So, all Friends, dwell in that which stops and 
 limits all strife in the mind, and gives you victory 
 over it. None must glory in the flesh, for that 
 glory must be confounded ; but let him that glories, 
 glory in the Lord, in the spirit, and not in the flesh. 
 And take heed that none of you abuse your liberty, 
 which is in Christ Jesus, neither turn it into fleshly 
 bondage, and thereby the just come to suffer, and 
 the fleshly part come to rule above the seed of 
 God; but dwell in the cross which suppresseth 
 every high thought, and whatsoever is against God,
 
 286 MEMOIE OF 
 
 in the first motion. Thereby you will be preserved 
 from the enemy, which watcheth for evil against 
 you, and seeks occasion against the way of the 
 Lord. Mind that which keeps you pure ; for it is 
 the pure in heart that see God, and it is he that is 
 of clean hands and of a pure heart that inherits 
 God's holy mountain. 
 
 " And as concerning your afflictions and suffer- 
 ings, and trials and persecutions, and whatsoever 
 is laid upon you by the Lord, or by men, I 
 bear all things patiently, and endure all things in 
 long-suffering. These things are but for a moment, 
 and they are not worthy to be compared with the 
 price of God's inheritance ; and if you dwell in the 
 counsel of the Lord, all these things will be turned 
 unto your good. In all trials and sufferings, the 
 Lord's arm will be revealed, and these things nm^t 
 come to pass, that truth may appear in its beauty, 
 in victory over all that doth oppose it. Yengeaia-i- 
 is the Lord's, and he will repay ; for he doth inquire 
 after our blood, though no man lay it to heart, or 
 consider the cause or unjust sufferings of the 
 innocent, who are become a prey to the ungodly 
 and unjust men, till God arise to plead our cause. 
 Afflictions and sufferings are but to try and 
 prove. 
 
 " They are not to confound or destroy the Lord's 
 people, and therefore in patience they must be 
 borne, and the life of God felt, which gives domi- 
 nion over all these things. And receiving all things 
 as from the hand of the Lord, then in all things
 
 EDWABD BUBBOUGH. 287 
 
 your peace will remain, and God's testimony will 
 witness peace and acceptance with God. 
 
 " And of all injustice, and abuses, and cruelty 
 acted upon you by any, at any time, keep account 
 of it, and draw up, in short and plain words, the 
 occasion and manner of it, and at every quarter 
 sessions let a true declaration of all unjust suffer- 
 ings be presented, in prudence and singleness of 
 heart, to the justices, or grand jury, by such as are 
 wise and faithful. Appeal to the witness of God 
 in them in such cases, that that of God in all men 
 may witness for us. Let this be done, as cause is 
 seen, at every sessions, in the wisdom and authority 
 of God, that in all things justice and true judgment 
 may be sought after, and in patience waited for, 
 till the Lord alone, our King, and Judge, and 
 Lawgiver, comes to reign over all his enemies ; 
 when all that now suffer for him, shall reign with 
 him. 
 
 " A servant to the churches of Christ, 
 
 "EDWAED BTJEEOTJOH." 
 
 " To the Elect and Chosen Seed of God in London. 
 
 " To the elect and chosen seed of God, most dear 
 and precious, who are redeemed to God, and joined 
 in covenant with him, and have tasted and felt, 
 and heard of the love and peace of the Father ; 
 and to all the faithful and called of God, who are 
 partakers of the power and presence of an endless 
 life. In particular unto you, the flock of God, in
 
 288 MEMOIR OP 
 
 and about London, who fear the Lord, and wait 
 upon him, and over whom he is the chief Shepherd. 
 The salutation in the Father's love, by me, a brother 
 and companion unto all the children of Sion, and 
 chiefly unto you a friend in heart ; and nothing 
 more desiring for you, than your increase in God, 
 and that grace, peace, love, and fellowship from the 
 Infinite Father of heaven and earth, may be largely 
 increased, and abundantly multiplied amongst you, 
 and in all your hearts, that you may shine forth in 
 the beauty of the Lord, and the garment of right- 
 eousness and truth may be spread over you all ; 
 and that the spirit of holiness may rest upon you, 
 that the fruit thereof may greatly abound in you, 
 and spring forth from you, whereby the Father, 
 who hath begotten you, may be glorified through 
 the nation, and among his saints through the 
 world. My soul wisheth, that the fear of the Lord 
 may be amongst you, and his terror upon all your 
 enemies. Amen. 
 
 " Dearly beloved, and much desired after in the 
 Lord, the Spirit of the Father is upon me, to put 
 you in remembrance of these things of the greatest 
 price, which belong unto your peace, which have 
 been hid from you in the time of darkness, but now 
 are revealed unto you, whereof your eyes have seen, 
 your ears have heard, your hands have handled, and 
 your hearts have perceived. Be not unmindful 
 thereof, but take heed unto the precious treasure 
 of life eternal, which the Father hath given unto 
 you; I mean the knowledge of himself, who ia
 
 EDWABD BTJEBOUGH. 289 
 
 manifest to dwell in you, and to walk in you, and 
 to lead you, and to guide in all his ways of peace 
 and truth. This is a treasure more desirable and 
 of greater price than the glory of the whole earth. 
 Yea, it is peace to the soul, and gladness to the 
 heart, and refreshment to the life, to feel and 
 witness the teaching of the Spirit of the Father, 
 leading into all truth, and preserving out of all 
 transgression. 
 
 " Wherefore, I beseech you all, let this be your 
 whole desire, and the full practice in your life. 
 Then shall the countenance of the Lord shine 
 upon you, and his face shall make you glad, if in all 
 things you look unto him for counsel, and wait upon 
 the teaching of his Spirit, which dwelleth in you, 
 which the Father hath given unto you, because you 
 are his children. This he requireth from you, that 
 his own Spirit in you, which hath begotten you, 
 may be the root and moving cause of all your works 
 and words, and herein will you receive acceptance 
 with him, and peace from him, and righteousness 
 in him, and everlasting joy by him continually. 
 This is the inheritance, unto which you were 
 begotten heirs, to possess for ever. 
 
 " Therefore let your love, unity, and fellowship 
 be in the Spirit, and let your knowledge, judgment, 
 meeting, and waiting, be in the Spirit, and let your 
 ministering and receiving be in the power of God, 
 and in the Spirit, and so shall you never suffer loss 
 or condemnation ; but all your works shall abide 
 the fire, and shall not be consumed when the trial 
 u
 
 290 MEMOIR OF 
 
 of all things comes, and the foundation of even- 
 work is discovered. I say again, if the Spirit of 
 life, even the Spirit which quickens to God, the 
 second Adam, who is the quickening Spirit, be your 
 guide, your leader and teacher in all things, then 
 you shall have perfect peace with God, and your 
 fellowship will be increased, and his presence shall 
 go before you, and his righteousness shall be your 
 justification and defence, and his covenant of life 
 and peace shall be confirmed unto you. 
 
 "There shall be no more going forth, but the 
 tabernacle of God shall remain with you always, and 
 his habitation shall be in you for ever ; and the 
 promise of the Father shall be sealed unto you, 
 and his mark and express image written in your 
 foreheads. He that quickeneth shall live in you, 
 and not you unto yourselves ; and hereby shall all 
 know that he is your God, who liveth in you in 
 power and dominion, and that you are his people 
 who live unto him in truth and righteousness. 
 This is the covenant and the promise to be waited 
 for by you all, that you may be married to the Lord 
 in righteousness and loving-kindness, and your 
 Maker may be your husband, and you subjected 
 under his power, to rule over you, and to govern 
 you in the way of peace. 
 
 " And now, dearly beloved, mind that word of 
 God which hath begotten you from death to life, 
 and to be heirs of his inheritance of life. Feel the 
 word which is quick and powerful dwell in your 
 hearts, always dividing in you between the precious
 
 EDWARD BUEROUGH. 291 
 
 and the vile, and as a hammer and a fire beating 
 down and burning up that ground and fruit which 
 is in the disobedience, from which the cause of con- 
 demnation springs. So shall you be saved from 
 every appearance of evil, and shall not be overcome 
 thereby, nor led captive at the will of the enemy, 
 but shall be saved from sin, and the wages thereof, 
 and no condemnation shall be unto you, if your 
 hearts be kept clean and undefiled by the word 
 of God, which is pure and sanctifieth, and is but 
 one in all his children. 
 
 " It begetteth unto one life, and to be of one 
 mind and soul, and by it dwelling in the heart is 
 the increase of God received; though, by the 
 ministering of it, one may plant and another may 
 water, yet it is the Father that gives the increase, 
 who is greater than all. Unto him the ends of 
 the earth must look for salvation, and unto him 
 must you all look, to partake of the increase of his 
 hidden treasure daily, that you may be refreshed 
 as the heritage which he hath chosen, and may 
 grow therein, as plants planted by his own right 
 hand, growing from strength to strength in him, 
 and renewing your strength in him, and may not 
 faint nor be weary. 
 
 " And forasmuch as mighty hath been the power 
 and presence of the Lord amongst you, and his 
 love great unto you, and caused his voice to be 
 heard, when you were dead, to raise you unto life ; 
 and many of you have had the taste and feeling 
 thereof, who have seen the way of life before your 
 u 2
 
 292 MEMOIR OF 
 
 face, that you should walk therein, and live ; I do 
 warn you all, in the name and by the Spirit of the 
 Lord, therein to continue unto the end, having 
 your faith established in the power of God, and 
 your building standing on that true foundation 
 which can never be moved or shaken, that perfect 
 victory over death and the grave may be yours, and 
 the powers of darkness may be trodden down, 
 through the obedience of the cross, whereby victor)- 
 is obtained over all the world, and the affections 
 and lusts thereof condemned. But such as go from 
 the cross perceive not the power of God, neither 
 can overcome, but are overcome of the enemy, and 
 shipwreck is made of faith, truth, and a good con- 
 science, and the latter end of such is worse than 
 their beginning ; for the Lord is dishonoured, and 
 their condemnation will be great. 
 
 " Wherefore, my friends, be watchful, and be 
 armed with the strength of Christ Jesus, and feel 
 his strength in you to resist the wicked one, that 
 he may not touch you, to betray you of your life 
 and peace, and bring you into condemnation : for I 
 am not ignorant of the many temptations which are 
 near unto you in that place. I say again, feel the 
 strength and arm of God reaching to you, by which 
 you may do all things ; and dwell in his life and 
 power, that ye may overcome by the "Word of God, 
 and by the testimony of Jesus. Then will your 
 peace be increased, and your fellowship with God. 
 As you overcome the enemy which would subvert 
 your minds from the obedience to the truth, your
 
 EDWABD BrBKOTTGH. 293 
 
 rest in God will be sweet unto you, as you dwell 
 where nothing can make afraid ; sin and trans- 
 gression being removed far from you, not having a 
 place in you, but the life reigning which Satan hath 
 nothing in. 
 
 " This is the freedom of the sons of God, who 
 are redeemed unto him, to live in him, who being 
 dead to sin, cannot live any longer therein; but 
 are washed and separated from all the works of 
 death. Death having lost its sting, cannot hurt or 
 wound you ; and the grave having lost its victory, 
 it cannot overcome you who do witness this ; for 
 transgression is hid, and iniquity is put under, and 
 life itself reigns through righteousness over all. 
 Here the seed is brought forth, in which there is no 
 iniquity seen, nor transgression charged against it, 
 for it sins not, but rules over the sinner, and fulfils 
 the righteous law of God, and doth his will in all 
 things ; and for this you must all wait to feel God's 
 promise perfectly fulfilled in you, and sealed unto 
 you by the Eternal Spirit. 
 
 " Friends, feel the life of God in your own par- 
 ticulars, even the bread of life which comes down 
 from heaven, which nourisheth the birth that is 
 immortal unto eternal life, never to taste of death ; 
 and therein have fellowship in the covenant of 
 life, and be at peace with God, and one with ano- 
 ther. That is blessed of the Lord, where brethren 
 dwell in unity, showing love, kindness, and subjec- 
 tion one to another, being of one spirit, and like- 
 minded, serving one another in love, not exalting
 
 294 MEMOIB OP 
 
 yourselves, nor accounting yourselves one above 
 another, for that must corne down with shame. But 
 every one approve yourselves to God in all things, 
 and be known to him, and not unto the world. Let 
 his Spirit witness for you, and approve you, and not 
 man; and let the work of the Spirit springing 
 through you be the evidence unto all people, that 
 you are by grace what you are, for this is well-pk-a*- 
 ing unto God, that his Spirit witnesseth for you, 
 and that love, unity and humility are amongst you. 
 
 " Let none think of themselves above what the 
 Spirit of the Lord witnesseth and worketh in them. 
 Thus a sweet savour will be amongst you to the 
 Lord, you being kept in his wisdom and counsel, in 
 good order, and subject unto him, walking as exam- 
 ples of righteousness, to edify one another, and to 
 be as strength one to another ; and in all your con- 
 versations to be manifest to God's witness in all 
 people. Thus shall you have praise of God and 
 be approved of him, and he will justify you in the 
 sight of all your enemies. I write this unto the 
 faithful, who do not minister self, but self your ser- 
 vant for Jesus' sake. 
 
 " And as concerning disorderly spirits, who are 
 not subject to the wisdom of God, or to the law of 
 Christ, such have no part with us, but are judged 
 with the life of God, and cast out. Such as are not 
 faithful in the Lord's treasure, and hear the word, 
 but do it not, having the words, without power, aud 
 hold the truth in unrighteousness, have no reward 
 in God, but their iniquity stands uncovered, and
 
 EDWARD BUBBOUGH. 295 
 
 their transgression is manifest, and not hid. For 
 death reigns through disobedience, and they are 
 not circumcised in heart, but live in the flesh, and 
 their portion is of this world, and the inheritance 
 of life is not their heirship ; for the birth which 
 should inherit it is not brought forth, but an un- 
 timely birth, which receiveth not the possession of 
 life. 
 
 " But, Friends, dwell in the dominion over such, 
 and in peace above them, and be not troubled, but 
 believe in the truth, and bear all things patiently. 
 Be not offended in Christ, though hitherto you 
 have seen occasion of stumbling, yet the Lord will 
 remove them, and the path of life hath been plain 
 before you. To such as walk in the light there is 
 no occasion of stumbling, but offences are seen 
 through, and beyond, and the ground thereof judged. 
 Therefore, be diligent in the work of God ; that is 
 his work which his Spirit calleth you unto, and that 
 is his worship which his Spirit leads you in, which 
 exerciseth your hearts always to God. 
 
 " Keep your meetings in the dread of the Lord 
 over all your enemies, that the weak may be 
 strengthened, and the lambs fed ; and watch over 
 one another, as the family of God, among whom 
 his dwelling is, who is the good Shepherd, that 
 keeps his flock, and feedeth them unto eternal life, 
 whose presence and arm be amongst you for ever- 
 more. Feel Christ the power and wisdom of God 
 to reign in you, and govern you all. Farewell. 
 
 "EDWABD BUBROUGH."
 
 296 MEMOIE OF 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 ON the 18th day of the first month, 1659, whilst 
 passing through Warwickshire, Edward Burrough 
 fell into deep meditation on the sufferings and 
 wrongs which his brethren in religious profes- 
 sion were at that time enduring in England. 
 "Whilst thus engaged, he says a cry ran through 
 him, " The Lord will be avenged ! the Lord will be 
 avenged upon his enemies ! He will avenge the 
 cause of his people." The feeling which accom- 
 panied this opening was such as to seal on his mind 
 an assurance of its truth. He meditated upon it 
 for a time, and the remembrance of the unjust 
 and grievous persecutions which the infant Society 
 was undergoing awakened a sympathetic feeling, 
 so that his heart was much tendered and broken. 
 Whilst in this state, he received this command : 
 " Write unto the rulers, and yet once more warn 
 them of that recompence, and of that indignation 
 which is at hand upon them, even a just recompence 
 for all their deeds ; and as they have done, even so 
 shall it be done to them; as they have sought to 
 destroy the generation of the righteous, even so 
 shall they be destroyed from oft 1 the face of the 
 earth ; and as they have unjustly judged and con- 
 demned the innocent, so shall they be condemned, 
 and justly judged of the Lord ; and as they liuvr 
 cast the bodies of the poor lambs of Christ into
 
 EDWABD BUBBOUGH. 297 
 
 prison, and been a snare upon them, even so shall 
 they be ensnared, and into captivity shall they go. 
 And as they have caused the goods and possessions 
 of the innocent to be spoiled, and made a prey, 
 even so in like manner shall the curse of the Lord 
 spoil their substance. And as they have done, so 
 shall it be done unto them ; and as they have meted 
 to others, so shall it be meted to themagain." " And 
 I saw a great misery and desolation nigh at hand, 
 even the sword of the Lord ; and that it should slay 
 them ; and I beheld it was made ready for the slaugh- 
 ter ; and in the sense of these things, a sadness fell 
 upon my spirit, considering the desolation and the 
 judgment that is at hand, to be executed upon the 
 cruel oppressors." 
 
 Edward Burrough's prediction of trouble to the 
 then rulers in England was amply fulfilled when, 
 under Charles the Second, the late persecutors were 
 persecuted in their turn ; when Episcopal priests 
 drove Presbyterian and Independent preachers from 
 the parish steeple-houses; when the judges of King 
 Charles the First were put to death, and fear and 
 terror caused the chief leaders in the late Common- 
 wealth to hide in secret places, or to flee the country. 
 
 Passing on into Somersetshire, he had a meeting 
 at Grlastonbury, at the Market Cross. To this 
 came Samuel Winney, the priest of the parish, 
 attended by a band of drunken men with a drum. 
 The priest addressed himself to Edward, and de- 
 manded by what authority he came there to preach ? 
 He received a prompt answer, couched in the Scrip-
 
 298 MEMOIR or 
 
 ture language, " As every man hath received the 
 gift, even so minister the same one to another, as 
 good stewards of the manifold grace of God." 
 
 Edward then, returning the query to him who 
 put it forth, asked him to prove his call to the 
 ministry from Scripture. This question Winney 
 was not pleased to hear, and did not feel disposed to 
 answer ; so he retired from the field of contest, leav- 
 ing his drunken followers to dispute for him. This 
 they did, after their manner, by beating on the drum, 
 by hallooing with strong lungs, and by knocking the 
 Friends about in a rude and barbarous manner. 
 
 Leaving Somersetshire, Edward returned towards 
 the eastern part of England, and soon felt a reli- 
 gious obligation to go over to Dunkirk, on the 
 French coast, a town at that time in possession of 
 the English. For many days, he says, it appeared 
 to be his duty to " visit and warn the Papists, the 
 Jesuits, friars, and that whole company of idolaters," 
 and " to sound the mighty day of the Lord among 
 them." He went to Dover, and being accompanied 
 by Samuel Fisher, who felt a similar religious con- 
 cern, took shipping on the 6th of third month, and 
 reached Dunkirk on the 7th. 
 
 On arriving at this place, at which they were 
 both strangers, " We waited in the Lord," says he, 
 " to be guided by his wisdom what to do, and how to 
 act and speak to his glory." The next day, as 
 they were walking in the streets, the mayor of the 
 place came to them, and demanded their names, 
 and the business which had brought them there.
 
 EDWAED BUEBOUGH. 
 
 To these questions the Friends gave " sober 
 answers, and a reasonable account." It was soon 
 known throughout the town that two Quakers had 
 arrived, and much curiosity was felt by the inhabi- 
 tants, as to the occasion of their coming. The 
 deputy-governor Alsop, with his council of officers, 
 sent for them, and conversed with them for some 
 hours. The Friends were treated kindly, but 
 Alsop told them, he thought there would be dan- 
 ger attending their stay in that place. He was 
 fearful lest divisions and contentions should arise 
 amongst the inhabitants, and the safety of the 
 English garrison be brought into jeopardy. This 
 result he probably thought would follow, if the 
 principles and practices of the friars and Jesuits 
 should be openly and honestly assailed by the 
 Friends, in that Roman Catholic city, the inhabi- 
 tants of which were sunk in gross superstition. 
 Alsop requested them to depart from the place. 
 In reply, they frankly told him, that as they ap- 
 prehended they had been divinely led there, they 
 could not obey his command to depart, until they 
 felt Him to lead them away, who they believed had 
 sent them thither. Some preachers were present 
 at this interview, probably army chaplains. One of 
 them wished to enter into a public dispute with the 
 Friends, on the call to the ministry, but the want 
 of time, and the challenger's want of patience, pre- 
 vented the discussion of the matter, although 
 Edward much desired it. 
 
 On the llth of the month, the two visitors
 
 300 MEMOIE OF 
 
 addressed a letter to the deputy-governor and his 
 officers, in which they call themselves, " travellers 
 in the labour of the Gospel of Christ Jesus." 
 They say, they came- to Dunkirk "to be made 
 manifest openly in the sight of all men, in our doc- 
 trines, principles, and practices, which are of and 
 from the Lord, and fully agreeing in all things with 
 the Scriptures of truth, which were given forth by 
 the Spirit of Truth, as the holy men of God were 
 moved." They add, that they came there in love 
 to the souls of the people, and principally, as far as 
 the Lord had shown them, " to discourse with the 
 Jesuits, friars, and priests, and to discover to them 
 the errors of their ways, and the falseness of their 
 worship ; and to testify unto them, in the fear and 
 power of the Lord, concerning their church, that it 
 is not a true church of Christ, but a false church, 
 come up in the apostacy." 
 
 They further say, they did not come to cause 
 grief or disturbance to any ; but add, " we dare 
 not promise to you, nor ourselves, what we will do, 
 or what we will not do ; only this we say, if the 
 transgression of any just law can be charged upon 
 us, we refuse not to suffer what shall be imposed ; 
 and this we do believe, that the Lord will so help 
 us, and order us by his Spirit of Truth, and carry 
 us in meekness and righteousness towards you, 
 while we stay amongst you, be it weeks or months, 
 that you will have no just occasion against us, by 
 any offence ministered by us." They add, that if 
 any offence is taken by the unthinking, without
 
 EDWAED BUBKOUGH. 301 
 
 just occasion given, the shaine and condemnation 
 will be on those who take the offence. 
 
 " We do give unto the Lord, and cannot unto 
 men, the exercise of our consciences," say they, "to 
 be obedient unto the teachings of his Spirit in all 
 things. If he commands to do, or not to do any- 
 thing, and you the contrary, we must obey him, 
 though we disobey you, for it is better to obey God 
 than man. When he bids speak, in what place or 
 season soever, we may not be silent, for to keep 
 our consciences clear in the sight of God in all 
 things, by obedience to him, is our care and study. 
 No other promise can we make for ourselves, but 
 to do and speak amongst you, as the Lord our 
 God shall move us and lead us. And this testi- 
 mony we do bear for the Lord, he doth not move 
 us, nor lead us to do anything, saving to what is 
 just, good, and holy, which may tend to the happi- 
 ness, and peace, and welfare of your souls and 
 bodies also." In conclusion, the Friends offered 
 to have a public dispute on the true call to the 
 ministry, with the priest who had spoken to them 
 on that subject the evening before. 
 
 The same day they went to the convent of the 
 Capuchin friars, and in the garden belonging to 
 the establishment had a discourse with the chief 
 man among them. The subject first spoken of was, 
 the Light of Christ, wherewith all men coming into 
 the world are enlightened. After this, Edward and 
 his companion spoke to him of the mighty day of 
 the Lord, when all would be searched and tried,
 
 302 MEMOIR OF 
 
 and all popish, idolatrous ways and worships would 
 be destroyed. The next day, the 12th, Edward 
 addressed a few queries to the Capuchin friars. 
 He wishes them to tell him, " whether there was 
 such an order of men and women as themselves, in 
 the primitive church ? Whether they can find 
 authority from Jesus Christ for their worships, 
 idleness, and practices, unprofitableness to God and 
 to man ? Whether they are willing to have their 
 religion tried by the Scriptures ? And if they are 
 not, whether any are bound to follow them ? 
 Whether the world in your hearts, and the world's 
 nature, even the root of lust, the root of pride, 
 covetousness, and the love of this world and its 
 vanities, and the root of idolatry are subdued in 
 you ? To the light in your consciences I speak. 
 What is the root of all these things ? And what 
 is it that subdues it ? Is it an outward abstinence 
 by the force of locks, and doors, and bolts, or self- 
 separated and secret places, that subdue the world's 
 nature in men and women ? Is it by such means 
 that Christ gives victory over sin, and overcomes it 
 in his people ? Or is it not by the power of God 
 in the heart only ? 
 
 " It doth not appear to me, that you have denied 
 the world, as the apostles did. Where had they 
 any such seats, in the finest and fattest places of 
 the cities and towns, as ye have ? Such great, fine 
 houses and gardens, and such revenues by the year 
 as ye have, staying all their days in a great house 
 and spending their time in sloth and idleness as ye
 
 EDWAJBD BTTBHOUGH. 303 
 
 do ? They went up and down the world preaching 
 the Gospel, and had no certain dwelling-place, but 
 followed the Lamb of God in the spirit, and did 
 not settle themselves in fat places of the earth, con- 
 tinuing all their days as ye do. Therefore we 
 judge ye are out of the life, and not in the spirit 
 the apostles were in, but in a form of righteousness 
 and holiness, without the power." 
 
 He further desires to know of them, whether 
 they have come to Christ Jesus in themselves ? 
 Whether they expect to be free from sin in this 
 life ? Whether they believe that men may come 
 to be restored, by the second Adam, into the same 
 estate as was lost by the first Adam ? In con- 
 cluding, he says : " If you be in the perfect truth, 
 and would convert others to your religion, be plain 
 with us, and use your best spiritual weapons in 
 your zeal towards us, and defend your cause, and 
 appear for your God. If you doubt of your ways 
 and practices, and be not able to defend your 
 religion, then let your mouths be stopped, and turn 
 from idolatry." 
 
 Whilst they remained in Dunkirk they had 
 various interviews with the Capuchins, the friars of 
 the Recollects, and with the Jesuits. They called 
 to visit the nuns, but these, after hearing a few 
 words, interrupted them, to inquire whether they 
 were of the order of those called Quakers. Re- 
 ceiving an affirmative answer, the nuns retreated 
 from them, saying they must not hear them. The 
 Capuchins were light and scornful, and soon
 
 304 MEMOIR OF 
 
 growing tired of the Friends and the truths tin-} 
 promulgated, they declined giving them an oppor- 
 tunity of conversing with them. The rector of the 
 Jesuits would not meet them, until Lockhart, the 
 governor of Dunkirk, who had been absent when 
 the Friends arrived, had returned to that city. 
 Lockhart spoke to the rector, and he then con- 
 sented to see Edward and Samuel. He was subtle 
 and crafty, and at first very high in spirit, appa- 
 rently despising his opponents. But the truth in 
 their mouths was too strong for him to contend 
 against successfully ; and, after a discourse of thref 
 hours, he pretended that he had other business to 
 attend to, and, making his escape, refused to have 
 any discourse with them afterwards. 
 
 On the 20th, Edward addressed to the Jesuits. 
 priests, and friars, a paper, containing assertions to 
 this effect : 
 
 1st. That the Komish church was not the true 
 church of Christ. 
 
 2nd. That the constitution of the church, aud 
 the chief part of the forms of its worship and ordi- 
 nances, were of man. 
 
 3rd. That there had been a general declension in 
 the world from true faith and doctrine, &c. 
 
 4th. That Antichrist had reigned for gene- 
 rations. 
 
 5th. That the true church was yet in the 
 wilderness. 
 
 6th. That compelling persons by outward law to 
 conform to certain religions, and to persecute and
 
 EDWABD BFRBOUGH. 305 
 
 kill them for matter of conscience, was a worship 
 of the beast. 
 
 7th. That none are members of the true church, 
 but such as are changed and renewed by the power 
 of the Lord Grod in the heart, and are joined to 
 Christ the head. 
 
 8th. That the time is coming when Babylon 
 shall be thrown down. 
 
 Many meetings Edward and his companion had 
 in the town, and much service in the English army, 
 with very little disturbance. Edward says : " I 
 must commend the spirit of our Englishmen for 
 moderation, more than the men of any other nation. 
 I did many times clear my conscience among them, 
 as they were men, sons of Adam ; and in relation 
 to an eternal state, did direct them to the way of 
 happiness, out of sin and wickedness. That as 
 they were sons of Adam in transgression, they 
 might come to be healed, come unto Christ the 
 power and wisdom of Grod, and might be saved." 
 
 Understanding that one of the chaplains had 
 spoken against them, when they were not present, 
 they proffered to discourse with him. He evaded 
 the proposition, but told them, that if they would 
 state some of their principles in writing, he would 
 answer them in dispute in some public place. In 
 conformity to his request, they prepared the follow- 
 ing brief propositions : 
 
 1st. That Christ had enlightened all men with a 
 light sufficient to bring them to salvation, if they 
 follow it.
 
 306 MEMOIR OF 
 
 2nd. That God hath given Christ to be the 
 Saviour of ALL men. 
 
 3rd. That none are justified by Christ and his 
 righteousness without them, but as they have 
 received Christ and his righteousness, and witnessed 
 them revealed in themselves. 
 
 4th. That the saints of God may be perfectly 
 free from sin in this life, so as no more to 
 commit it. 
 
 5th. That the national ministers and churches, not 
 only of Papists, but of the Protestants also, as they 
 now stand, are not true ministers and churches of 
 Christ. 
 
 6th. That the Scriptures are a true declaration, 
 given forth from the Spirit of God, by holy men of 
 God, moved by it to write them, and are profitable : 
 but are not the foundation, nor the most perfect 
 rule of faith and life to the saints. 
 
 These propositions, the Friends tell the priest in 
 an accompanying note, they are willing and desirous 
 to discourse upon, with him and any others in a 
 public place, " provided it may be in the spirit of 
 meekness and moderation, and that all fair and 
 sober dealing may be amongst us, and the fear of 
 God." The chaplain, it appears, did not wish to 
 engage in a controversy with them, and endeavoured 
 to shift the responsibility of refusing it from his 
 own shoulders, saying, "the governor was not 
 willing." 
 
 Soon after the 20th, they took shipping for 
 England, having performed at Dunkirk all the ser-
 
 EDWABD BTTRBOUGH. 307 
 
 vice their Divine Master laid upon them. Before 
 the end of the month they had a meeting at Sand- 
 wich, in Kent, in the parsonage house, where they 
 met with Greorge Pox and Ambrose Kigge, who 
 were at this time holding meetings in that county. 
 Edward and his companion held one also at Dover, 
 in a great house, situated in the market-place, be- 
 longing to Miles Temple, a captain of the town- 
 band. This was a good meeting, but when it was 
 over the rabble set fire to the house in which it 
 was held, intending to do the strangers an injury. 
 The Lord preserved them, but the building was 
 consumed. The two Friends then held a public 
 dispute at the steeple-house, with William Eussell, 
 one of the priests. The dispute was principally 
 managed by Edward Burrough, and it was satisfac- 
 tory to the friends of truth, who had reason to 
 believe that it was the means of convincing some 
 present. From thence Edward Burrough proceeded 
 towards London, which he entered with Greorge 
 Fox, on the 16th of fourth month. 
 
 A priest of Sussex having sent to a member of 
 Parliament a manuscript containing a number of 
 railing accusations against the Society of Friends, 
 with the design of secretly prejudicing their cause, 
 and the paper coming to the knowledge of Edward 
 Burrough, he wrote a reply, entitled, "Satan's 
 Design Defeated," which is contained in his works. 
 
 Richard Cromwell, in conformity with the wishes 
 of the officers of the army, and against his own 
 judgment, had dissolved the Parliament on the
 
 308 MEMOIR OF 
 
 22nd of the second month, and the political horizon 
 in England began to give evident tokens of a change. 
 He felt his power diminishing, and he had no mind 
 through blood to build it up. 
 
 Edward Burrough had written an address to the 
 Parliament just dissolved, exhorting them not to 
 suffer " the exercise of pure consciences to be trod- 
 den down," "to remember the cause of God and 
 of his people, to remember the groanings of the 
 poor, and give ear to the cry of the oppressed, to 
 relieve the guiltless sufferers, and break the bonds 
 of iniquity, and let the oppressed go free. Do this, 
 lest ye perish." 
 
 In the fifth month, Edward Burrough delivered, 
 or caused to be delivered, the following address to 
 Richard Cromwell and his brother Henry, who now 
 felt that their power and influence had departed 
 from them : 
 
 " To E. C. and H. G. 
 
 " Friends, Tet once more hath the Lord given 
 me somewhat to say unto you, in love to your im- 
 mortal souls. You had a glorious day of visitation, 
 and many precious warnings from the mouth of the 
 Lord, by his servants ; but you rejected the counsel 
 of the Lord against your own souls, and made no 
 account of the servants of the Lord, which were 
 sent unto you, but caused them, and suffered them 
 to be persecuted by your power, and they were 
 made a spoil and a prey to their enemies ail your 
 days.
 
 EDWAKD BUBBOTJGH. 309 
 
 " You sought yourselves, and your own honour, 
 and you were exalted in pride and vain-glory, and 
 forgot Grod, who raised you up from a low estate, 
 and you had no respect to the cause of his people. 
 Therefore, this is justly come to pass upon you 
 from the hand of the Lord. Not that I rejoice in 
 it, or glory over you because of it, only I tell you 
 what is justly happened unto you, that ye may learn 
 the Lord's just judgments in these things, like as 
 formerly I warned you of it. 
 
 " It could not be otherwise but that the Lord 
 would avenge the cause of his people upon their 
 persecutors, and the injustice done unto them upon 
 you, in whose name and power it was acted. In 
 every generation he hath had respect unto his 
 people's cause, and did avenge their cause in his 
 season. This, I well remember, I was once moved 
 to speak in the name of the Lord unto your father, 
 That these things that came to pass in his days, 
 the cruelty and oppression of the Lord's people, 
 would be recompensed and repented of in his chil- 
 dren's days. I saw the cruelty and injustice that 
 was done in his name upon the people of God 
 could not escape unpunished in a generation. It 
 is now come to pass in a measure, and will be more 
 and more, even for his transgressions and your own. 
 All of you had a day and a time, wherein you might 
 have done something for the Lord and his people. 
 You had a price put into your hands, that you 
 might have improved to the Lord's glory, and to 
 your own renown, to have been a blessing unto
 
 310 MEMOIB OP 
 
 yourselves, and to the people of God in these 
 nations. But your day is over, and night is come 
 upon it. Your price is taken from you and given 
 to others, and you cannot now work or act on the 
 Lord's behalf, as once you might have done. You 
 have sought honour to yourselves, and you reap 
 reproach. Because you have despised the counsel 
 of the Lord, therefore the snare hath caught you, 
 which was laid for others. 
 
 " These things I say in pity for you, rather than 
 in boasting over you ; neither do I commend that 
 spirit which acteth in too much severity towards 
 you, which upbraids you, rather than seeks to 
 amend you. That is not my way. As for you, 
 come unto the fear of the Lord God, that your 
 iniquities may be pardoned ; and seek peace with 
 God, and reconciliation, and seek after the kingdom 
 that endures for ever. While ye have time, seek 
 after a crown immortal, and wait to know that 
 which will make you heirs of that inheritance which 
 never fades away. The Light in your consciences 
 which Christ hath enlightened you with, which 
 lets you see sin, and convinceth you of your evil 
 deeds; that Light must you own to be your 
 teacher. You must become subject to it in all 
 things, or you have no part in the kingdom of 
 God." 
 
 About this time, Friends at Sawbridgeworth, in 
 Hertfordshire, were suffering much insult and abuse 
 from the rude rabble, who were encouraged in their
 
 EDWARD BUBEOUGH. 311 
 
 evil actions by Thomas H.ewit, a magistrate known 
 as a favourer of King Charles. The meetings of 
 Friends, for religious worship in that place, were 
 much and frequently disturbed; brickbats were 
 thrown amongst those assembled, to the endan- 
 gering of life and limb, and filth was frequently cast 
 upon them. The meeting-house was almost de- 
 stroyed by the mob, and when an account of this 
 outrage was made to the said Hewit, he ordered 
 his servant to turn the complainer out of his house. 
 At one time he came as the captain of a company 
 of volunteer disturbers, determined to stop Friends 
 from entering their meeting-house, and it was not 
 until he had a smart brush with some of the Com- 
 monwealth soldiers, that he and his party withdrew. 
 The Tories now deemed that the signs of the times 
 were favourable to the coming in of King Charles 
 the Second, and they began to talk and to act 
 boldly in many places. 
 
 Edward Burrough, about the close of the sixth 
 month, being in Hertfordshire, attended the meet- 
 ing at Sawbridgeworth. Whilst going to it, he was 
 much covered with dirt thrown upon him by the 
 mob ; and seeing Hewit just then passing in his 
 coach, he went to it and complained to him as a 
 magistrate of the abuse cast upon peaceable people 
 in his jurisdiction. Whilst engaged in laying the 
 matter before the squire, one of the rioters came 
 near and jerked off his hat, and another threw 
 a, rotten egg on his bare head. This so pleased 
 Hewit, that he could not forbear smiling, although
 
 312 MEMOIE OF 
 
 his coach received some of the unsavoury contents. 
 One of the early Friends, after detailing the various 
 acts of outrage committed on Friends, with the 
 sanction and approbation of this magistrate, re- 
 marks, " He that disdains to be the servant of 
 Christ, will stoop to a worse office." 
 
 From Hertfordshire, Edward returned to London. 
 Here, again, he was full of business, labouring for 
 the good of the religious Society of which he was a 
 member, and of every individual of it, as he found 
 opportunity ; preaching the Gospel as his Master 
 gave him the word, and defending the doctrines of 
 truth with his pen. On the 12th of the seventh 
 month, he addressed the Parliament then assem- 
 bled the Long Parliament having again come into 
 power in a communication characterised by great 
 plainness. It commences thus : " To the Parlia- 
 ment of the Commonwealth of England, the present 
 authority of these nations, assembled at Westmin- 
 ster. A presentation, by a faithful friend to the 
 nation, in the name and by the Spirit of Jesus 
 Christ, King of Righteousness and Peace ; that 
 you may take off oppression, and free the people 
 from all their cruel bonds, that have been imposed 
 upon their bodies, estates, and consciences, in the 
 days of the reign of Antichrist. That truth, jus- 
 tice, and righteousness may come nigh unto us, and 
 the kingdom of the Son of God be set up among 
 us ; that you and we may at last be free subjects 
 of Christ's kingdom, where righteousness, truth, 
 and peace may run down, and be established for
 
 EDWARD BUBROUGH. 313 
 
 evermore." He acknowledges that during the long 
 time that Parliament had borne rule in England, 
 many cruel laws had been made void, and the king- 
 dom of Antichrist had received many a wound. 
 " There have been, divers times, the fair blossoms of 
 the glorious appearance of truth, righteousness, and 
 peace. There have been fair promises and pretences 
 made by many of you, as if the kingdom of Jesus 
 had been at our door, ready to have entered our 
 nation, whereby many good hopes we had, to have 
 been made a perfectly free people, ere this day, 
 from the chains of Antichrist, and the false church, 
 and from every branch thereof. But, alas ! the 
 glorious work of reformation hath been interrupted 
 before our eyes, and the precious buds and good 
 appearance of glorious fruits have withered and 
 been blasted in our sight. Our good hopes have 
 perished, our freedom hath been intercepted 
 through the evil-doing of unfaithful men. Anti- 
 christ's kingdom hath not been rooted out, nor the 
 oppressive laws of the false church wholly broken 
 down." " The cause of this hath been from some 
 unfaithful men, that have neglected the good work 
 of the Lord, once intrusted with them ; and have 
 sought themselves, and their own honour and inte- 
 rest, and have sitten down at ease and rest in the 
 flesh, glorifying in the spoil of their enemies, and 
 have thereby become unfaithful and unprofitable in 
 carrying on the Lord's work. Some have been of a 
 sincere mind for a season, and made a good progress 
 towards the attaining a kingdom of righteous-
 
 314 MEMOIE or 
 
 ness, and removing all oppressions ; yet, when they 
 have begun to seek themselves in this world, and 
 to take unto themselves the honours, and titles, and 
 possessions of their enemies, and so have been 
 guilty of their enemies' sins, the good work of the 
 Lord by them could not prosper." He then goes 
 on to point out the yoke of tithes, and the forced 
 maintenance of ministers, as some of the oppressions 
 of Antichrist not yet abolished. 
 
 The Long Parliament and the officers of the army 
 could not agree, and many persons were in favour 
 of a new Parliament ; but Richard Cromwell had 
 been removed from Whitehall, and with his brother 
 Henry were now private men, and no power had 
 been vested in any one to dissolve a Parliament. 
 It seemed, therefore, impossible for a new election 
 to take place, unless the body then sitting should 
 vote themselves extinct, and make provision for the 
 meeting of a new one. This they were not likely 
 to do. The whole nation was agitated, and whether 
 there was any supreme authority in England, ami 
 if there was, where it was to be found, was a matter 
 of doubt and disputation. In the ninth mouth, 
 Edward Burrough published an address, winch he 
 styled, " A Message to the present Rulers of Eng- 
 land, whether Committee of Safety, so called, 
 Council of Officers, or others whatsoever." He 
 had felt a concern to speak the substance of this to 
 the rulers, but no way had opened for it. 
 
 "Friends, My Master is a high and mighty,
 
 EDWABD BUBBOUGH. 315 
 
 and powerful prince, and very honourable ; and 
 fear, reverence, respect, and subjection belong to 
 him alone, from you and all mankind. He is wise, 
 and understanding, and of great strength, and his 
 dominion is from everlasting to everlasting. He 
 can do whatsoever he will in heaven and earth, for he 
 rules with his iron rod over the world, and what- 
 soever he saith, it is done ; for his word is an ever- 
 lasting command. If he saith to a man, live, it is 
 so ; if he saith to a man, die, it cometh to pass ; 
 and if he give peace to a man, or a nation, none can 
 make war ; and if he make war with a person, or in 
 a nation, no man is able to make peace. For why ? 
 He hath all power in his hand, and to him all judg- 
 ment and authority is given ; he is the Son of the 
 living God, the everlasting Creator. 
 
 "He was, and is, and is to come; his eye 
 beholdeth all things, and his arm compasseth heaven 
 and earth ; and what his purpose is, he hath always 
 and will ever bring to pass. If he sets up rulers, 
 they must rule ; and if he pull them down, none 
 can hinder. Whom he will, he honoureth ; and if 
 it be his pleasure, he bringeth men to shame. If 
 he break a nation down, none can build it up ; and 
 if he confound powers and authorities in the king- 
 doms of men, they all fall as withered grass before 
 him. Behold, ye men ! He is so great and mighty, 
 and of so great authority, that whatsoever he saith, 
 it is done ; and whatsoever he willeth, it cometh to 
 pass. None is able to resist him, and overcome his 
 power, when his pleasure is to accomplish a work.
 
 316 MEMOIE OF 
 
 " By him all things are that be, and all things 
 live that have life, and through him all things move ; 
 and of his fulness every creature in heaven and 
 earth receives. And this, my Master, is altogether 
 honourable in birth and otherwise, and altogether 
 mighty in all his works. He is just and merciful, 
 full of goodness, righteousness, and truth. All 
 virtue dwells in him, and his judgment and mercy, 
 his authority and meekness, and his wrath and his 
 love, they are companions : and what are ye before 
 him ? Or how shall ye be able to resist him, or to 
 turn backward what his purpose is concerning you 
 and this nation ? For ye have no being or breath 
 without him. 
 
 " Behold, ye men ! Te are verily as the dust 
 before the wind, so are ye to him, soon blown away, 
 and your place not found. As the grass before the 
 mower, s6 are ye before him, soon cut down and 
 withered, and your beauty utterly extinguished. 
 As a potter's vessel under an iron rod, even so are 
 you to him ; he can immediately break you, never to 
 be bound up ; as a drop to the fountain, so are you 
 to him, soon dried up and made nothing. Where- 
 fore, ye men, ye mortal creatures, ye ignorant 
 persons, sons of a transgressor, ye dust and ashes 
 for thus you are in comparison of him, this mighty 
 prince ; hearken to his message, which cometh to 
 you from him. Hear and fear, and be not stout- 
 hearted against the Lord God, that is about to speak 
 unto you. 
 
 " As for this little island of England, wherein
 
 EDWARD BTJRROUGH. 317 
 
 your present place and being is, it is an island which 
 the Lord hath shown great favour unto in ages past, 
 and in this present time. I must tell you, he hath 
 a purpose of love towards it, and to honour it in 
 the view of the world, though through great tribu- 
 lation. He hath an intent of great good unto it ; 
 for he hath a seed, a precious seed in it scattered 
 abroad, and he hath a people that fear his name, 
 and have walked in his ways, and he hath made 
 them, and elected them, and what they are, it is by 
 him ; that he may dwell among them, and have the 
 whole government over them all. 
 
 " Yea, he hath a speedy purpose, verily, concerning 
 this nation, and he will purify it in judgment, and 
 refine its inhabitants through the fire of tribulations, 
 that it may be pleasant to him, and fit to do his 
 will. He hath a purpose to work some great thing 
 in it, I must tell you, as he hath said unto me so 
 to do. He will have his name exalted and reve- 
 renced in this island ; and his terror shall be sent 
 out of it through the world, and his branch from it 
 shall spread over the earth. He doth purpose in 
 his season to take it into his own hand, and to sway 
 the government thereof with his own sceptre, and 
 to set up righteousness alone, and to overthrow all 
 oppressors and oppressions ; and the kingdoms of 
 this world must become the kingdoms of the Lord, 
 and of his Christ. 
 
 " True it is, such hath been the coming to pass 
 of time and of things for many ages by-past, that 
 my Master hath been, as it were, banished from
 
 318 MEMOIR OF 
 
 the nation, and hath not been suffered to enjoy his 
 right ; but hath been expelled, even, as it were, by 
 the force of Satan and Antichrist, who hath long 
 usurped authority over the inhabitants of this 
 nation. In my Master's absence, lamentable 
 injustice, cruelty, unmercifulness, tyranny, and 
 oppression have been exercised upon the inhabit- 
 ants ; and the poor creatures have been held in 
 great slavery by their rulers, that have ruled by the 
 dragon's power ; and been kept in great blindness 
 and ignorance, and under great oppression, both in 
 body and spirit, by antichristian teachers, for these 
 many years. 
 
 " While the great King hath been absent, and, 
 as it were, gone into a far country ; even all this 
 time hath Antichrist and the Devil ruled and 
 reigned, and have made and executed oppression, 
 and tyrannical laws and decrees, both in Church 
 and State. All the nation hath been out of right 
 order, and laid waste and barren of good fruit, 
 and it hath been as a wilderness by reason hereof. 
 Men that have ruled for many years, have not 
 ruled singly by my Master's authority, but by 
 another power ; though not without the knowledge 
 of my Lord, neither as though he had not power 
 to have done otherwise. But for his own pleasure 
 he hath suffered it thus to be, and let men go on 
 to rule and govern in their own wills, and after 
 their own lusts ; and people have walked wickedly 
 towards him, and towards one another ; and all this 
 he hath suffered. Not as if he gave toleration for
 
 EDWARD BUEEOUGH. 319 
 
 it ; for his messengers now and then, and his witness 
 in people's consciences, have been reproving their 
 ungodly ways. He hath often showed his dislike 
 by divers ways, and tokens, and many judgments, 
 and strange overturning to the way and proceedings 
 of both rulers, prophets, and teachers of this nation; 
 but yet they have gone on against his mind, and 
 contrary to his will, notwithstanding his reproofs 
 and judgments. Not that he had not power to 
 have executed his pleasure in wrath upon them, 
 and to have destroyed them altogether, and have 
 made the nation a heap, and as nothing, long before 
 this day. Power was in his hand to have done it ; 
 but he hath been long-suffering and of great 
 patience, and borne all things, and taken the 
 injustice and cruelty, and wickedness and idolatry, 
 and all unrighteousness that hath abounded in the 
 nation upon himself, and suffered under it, and 
 borne it for its season, while woful and lamentable 
 oppressions have been practised in civil State, even 
 hellish laws, and devilish executors of them. 
 
 " Merciless tyrants have borne the sceptre, and 
 reigned for many years over the inhabitants, and in 
 Church and State have been heinous idolatry and 
 superstitious vanities committed in a high nature 
 and measure ; and even all men, and states of men, 
 and orders of men of every degree have been abomi- 
 nably corrupted in the sight of my Lord, even from 
 the prince to the beggar, even rulers and subjects, 
 teachers and people, judges and prophets. 
 
 " They have been corrupted both in heart and
 
 320 MEMOIR OF 
 
 hand, and they have dealt falsely and wickedly 
 towards him, and towards one another ; even to 
 the great displeasure and vexation of him and his 
 blessed Spirit, and to the high provocation of him 
 to their own destruction, if his long-suffering had 
 not prevailed. All this while he hath lain as it 
 were asleep, and at rest in himself. He hath left 
 men to try them, what they will do, and he hath 
 given them a day. Many kings and rulers he 
 hath let them have a little time, to see how they 
 would use it, but they have abused it, and not ruled 
 for him, nor accomplished his work, nor fulfilled his 
 will, but acted even in defiance of him, and of his 
 power, and to his great dishonour. 
 
 " Alack ! I must be plain with you ; my Lord 
 hath been utterly exiled, and greatly dishonoured, 
 and highly provoked and vexed by reason of such 
 proceedings as have been in this nation for these 
 many years, through the corruption of all sorts of 
 men in place and power, who have not ruled for 
 him, but for the devil, to their own corrupt ends. 
 He hath suffered men to go on in their course for a 
 season ; some as it were appearing on the stage for 
 a time, and suddenly cast down again for their 
 iniquities' sake ; and his hand hath been in all these 
 things, though very privately and secretly, not 
 known and discerned by the sons of men ; yet hath 
 he ruled over the kingdoms of men, and pulled 
 down one, and set up another. 
 
 "And to forbear the several actings and pro- 
 ceedings of many by-passed ages, and to come to
 
 EDWABD BUBEOUGH. 321 
 
 tliis generation, and to speak of things that have 
 happened within these few years, and of the chang- 
 ing and overturning that hath happened in this 
 nation ; such was the cruelty, tyranny, oppression, 
 and idolatry, both in church and civil state, that 
 the people of this nation were held under, in the 
 days of papal power ; such, I say, was the exceeding 
 height of the cruelty and tyranny of that time, that 
 not any that feared or reverenced my Lord, in any 
 measure, could scarcely live, or have a being in the 
 nation. 
 
 " Even against every man that did but incline 
 towards him, and desire the knowledge of his ways, 
 hell's mouth was opened, and they were swallowed, 
 and many of their lives taken from the earth, by 
 the hellish power that had in that day usurped 
 authority in this island. When thus it was, then 
 he looked down from heaven, and his bowels of 
 compassion were opened, for the sake of the 
 oppressed people that desired after him, insomuch 
 that he broke and threw down the power of their 
 oppressors in some measure, as it stood in pap^l 
 authority, and when the iniquity of that power was 
 filled up, he took vengeance upon it. 
 
 " And I must tell you, it was he that brought it 
 about, even the destroying of that power in this 
 nation, and freeing the nation from it, though the 
 men that were instruments in the cause were not 
 his servants, otherwise than as Nebuchadnezzar 
 served him. For he hath a secret way to have a 
 service from the wicked, and such is his power that 
 
 T
 
 322 MEMOIE OF 
 
 he can turn the wickedness of the wicked to his 
 glory, and he can make a rod to whip his adver- 
 saries, and burn it when he hath done, and he hath 
 often destroyed one wickedness by another. 
 
 "But to leave that, though he did in some 
 measure free the nation from much tyranny and 
 cruelty, in the casting out popish authority, yet, 
 alack ! the nation in a few years was nearly as 
 much violated by injustice and cruelty, under the 
 succeeding power, as ever it was once under the 
 papal power. Though, before, there had been some 
 small reformation and change in outward appear- 
 ance, though little in ground and nature; yet 
 oppression, and idolatry, and superstition, in church 
 and state, and all profaneness and wickedness 
 among people were grown so high, like as it had 
 been under the papal power before. All that 
 desired after the Lord, and were weary of iniquity, 
 and of the then present oppressions and idolatries, 
 were persecuted, and slain, and destroyed ; and 
 injustice and cruelty exercised upon them, even 
 Almost to the rooting out of righteousness, and to 
 the grieving of the Lord's Spirit. 
 
 " Then, because of the cry of the people, and the 
 oppression of the nation under that authority, my 
 Lord looked down again; and even for his name's 
 sake, and for his seed's sake, he had compassion on 
 this nation, to set it free, and to break off its 
 oppressions. In a great measure he did deliver 
 the people of this nation in many things, and there 
 was a part of reformation wrought, and much pre-
 
 EDWARD BUEEOTJGH. 323 
 
 tended, and looked for. All this came to pass 
 through him, and my Lord did accomplish it, how- 
 ever the instruments by which he wrought proved 
 deceitful, and became oppressors, as others before 
 them. 
 
 " And though there was in this nation a day of 
 great troubles, and wars, and contention, and great 
 strife, and the wasting of much blood and earthly 
 treasure, and none of these things, I must tell you, 
 fell without the ordering of my Master's hand : yet 
 so it was, and came to pass, that after this nation 
 was restored to peace, though much unrighteous- 
 ness and injustice was removed, yet there was much 
 also left behind. Men that he had used as instru- 
 ments in his hand, in a good work, and to whom he 
 had given wisdom and understanding, and appeared 
 in much mercy and in great deliverance, yet they 
 even turned to seek themselves, and became cor- 
 rupted in the spoils of their enemies. 
 
 " When peace and plenty abounded, the Lord 
 was forgotten again ; and then the kind fell under 
 oppressors, and began to cry out for freedom, even 
 when other horns of the first beast sprang up, and 
 went on, each of them, after his fellow. And though 
 one horn hath striven to break another, yet after 
 one hath been cast down, another hath risen, 
 and made an image to the first ; and ruled and 
 reigned by the same spirit and authority, derived 
 from the dragon's power in cruelty and oppression ; 
 and made laws and executed them to the dishonour 
 of the Lord, and to the great oppression of his 
 
 T2
 
 324 MEMOIR OF 
 
 people, and to the filling of this island with injus- 
 tice and cruelty, even from one generation to 
 another, until this day. 
 
 " Thus up and down have times and seasons been 
 altered, powers and authorities changed and altered, 
 statutes, laws, and decrees, changeable and alter- 
 able ; for as the iniquity of one power was filled up, 
 that was cast down, and another had its day, till 
 the measure thereof was also filled up, that it might 
 partake of the same judgments. 
 
 " In all these overturnings, breakings-down, and 
 overthrowings, the very hand of my Lord hath been, 
 though secretly, and not discerned ; yet his power 
 hath brought about and suffered all these things to 
 come to pass. And who shall charge him with 
 injustice ? Or, who shall say, ' What hast thou 
 done ? ' Or, ' Why hast thou done it ? ' For, as 
 I have said, he is a high and mighty prince, and can 
 do whatsoever he will. He is the supreme power 
 and authority, who rules and reigns in and over all 
 the kingdoms of men. 
 
 " What though he hath used wicked men as an 
 instrument to accomplish his work, and made the 
 wicked his rod ; and even brought it to pass, that 
 one wickedness should destroy another, and one 
 oppressor break down another, and the kingdom of 
 Antichrist confound itself, yet what of all these 
 things ? All flesh must be silent before him, and all 
 people and the whole earth must be subject unto him ; 
 for the government and dominion over heaven and 
 earth is his, and all power and dominion belougetli
 
 EDWARD BUEROTTGH. 325 
 
 to him alone, and all judgment is in his hand, to 
 bring to pass whatsoever he will, and by whom- 
 soever he pleaseth. 
 
 " But now, my friends, though I would not be 
 tedious to you, yet must I tell you the truth, and 
 faithfully deliver the Lord's message unto you. 
 As concerning this last overturning, there was 
 something of the hand of my Lord in it. He can 
 and will bring forth his own work and praise by it, 
 and it shall be for the good of all his people that 
 wait upon him, though there was much ambition 
 and corrupted ends in the instruments, and neither 
 part were perfectly single to the Lord in their pro- 
 ceedings, but their work was tainted with the false, 
 idolatrous spirit of self-seeking. Yet, notwith- 
 standing, the Lord may bring forth his government 
 and his pleasant plant, through and beyond all this, 
 even out of another root, which yet appears not 
 among either of them ; and righteousness may 
 arise in the nation, contrary to both of them, out of 
 another stem, and he will set up his kingdom, and 
 in the meantime leave one potsherd of the earth to 
 break another. 
 
 " And as for you, that now sit on the throne and 
 bear rule, whether Committee of Safety, so called, 
 chiefly, though it is not without my Master, for he 
 hath the knowledge of it at least, yet you are not 
 the only men of his choice, truly called of him to 
 the place of government, neither is your govern- 
 ment the government of the Lamb, neither must it 
 be for ever established by him ; its foundation is
 
 326 MEMOIB, OF 
 
 not blessed, nor can its building be prosperous. 
 For why ? Alas, it is but another horn of that 
 fourth beast, that hath been made to rule over 
 the world, and upon the earth for many gene- 
 rations. It is hitherto but a very little refined 
 from the last, and is of the last, even as the eighth 
 was of the seventh spoken of by that servant, 
 Rev. xvii. 11, and it may also make war with the 
 Lamb and his followers for a little season, and it 
 may have a small measure of injustice and perse- 
 cution to bring forth in the land, even till the 
 words of G-od be fulfilled, and his kingdom be fully 
 come, the way of which is but yet preparing by all 
 these overturnings. 
 
 "And this your present government originally 
 is leavened with the spirit of the old dragon, that 
 hath killed the saints, and drunk their blood, and 
 how should the Lord establish it ? Nay, your 
 kingdom may prove but small and little, and full of 
 uproars and troubles, and little peace, and satis- 
 faction, and establishment in it to yourselves, or 
 the people under you ; but confusion will attend it, 
 and fears will compass it about. 
 
 " This I must tell you, as you are men, you have 
 your day of trial what you will do, as many others 
 have had before you ; and something you may and 
 ought to do, if but to make the false church more 
 naked, and to scourge her more than some others 
 have done. Indeed, my Lord requires something 
 more of you (as such) to do, than others before 
 you could do. You have a price put into your
 
 EDWARD BUEEOUGH. 327 
 
 hands, which you may improve to the Lord's 
 honour, and to the nation's good, and to your own 
 happiness. 
 
 " If you will be faithful to the Lord, to do what 
 he requires of you, and if you become meek and 
 humble men, and fear his name, and deny your- 
 selves, and not seek your own honour, nor any 
 earthly advantage to yourselves ; if you do thus, 
 then my Lord will show mercy to you, and you 
 shall not suddenly fall before your enemies, though 
 many may rise up against you. Tour days shall 
 be lengthened, and the purpose of the Lord may 
 be turned to your longer continuance, and not to 
 your sudden destruction. If you walk in this way, 
 and rule only for the Lord, then shall you be 
 honoured as men, if not as an authority, and you 
 and the nation preserved in peace, and the force of 
 the -wicked shall be turned backward, and you shall 
 not suddenly fall. 
 
 " And the late sundry overturnings in this nation 
 may be examples to you, that you follow not the 
 steps of those that God hath cast out, lest you 
 come to the same end of confusion and misery. 
 For, as concerning that assembly of men that last 
 sat on the throne, something was done by them in 
 their day and time, and in both their assemblings ; 
 in some things they served my Lord, and they were 
 a rod in his hand to smite his enemies. Yet they 
 were not faithful to the end, till all his enemies 
 were destroyed, but rather joined themselves to 
 fight against the Lord and his people, and were
 
 328 MEMOIR OF 
 
 hastening on towards the way of oppression and 
 persecution. It was time for the Lord to remove 
 them, and to lay them aside as an empty vessel, 
 sometime useful ; and to break them as a rod, 
 sometime of service to be a scourge upon his 
 enemies. 
 
 " And when the day of their trial was over 
 which God gave unto them, being no longer, at 
 present, fit instruments for his hand, then he cast 
 them into the fire. This his purpose came to pass 
 upon them; so that they and the whole nation 
 may be contented, and yield themselves subject to 
 what he hath done concerning them. For they 
 entering into the very same spirit of wickedness, 
 of oppression, and persecution, which the Lord had 
 once reproved through them, and cast out by them, 
 then was a rod raised up against them, even as they 
 had been against others, and they were dealt withal 
 as they had done to others. This was in the jus- 
 tice of my Lord's hand ; and what hath mortal man 
 to question his proceedings ? 
 
 " And though some of you (present rulers) be 
 looked upon as great traitors and tyrants in your 
 dealings towards them ; and, doubtless, the men of 
 that party will seek vengeance against you, even by 
 preaching and praying, and they will curse you in 
 the name of their God, and seek continually your 
 destruction, as such as have taken away part of their 
 strength, and cast down their idol. But, alas ! all 
 this is nothing ; for the Lord doth not account as 
 men ; for these things must needs thus come to pass,
 
 EDWARD BTJRROTTGH. 329 
 
 for the furtherance of the kingdom and government 
 of Jesus Christ, that it may rise through all. If 
 you were but faithful to what the Lord requires of 
 you in your proceedings, what you have done unto 
 them should not be reckoned in account against 
 you, neither by God nor good men. 
 
 " But if you of the army be always treacherous 
 and disobedient towards him, and abuse your power, 
 and disregard your price that God hath given you, 
 and trifle away your hour about places of honour, 
 and such self-seeking matters, and the cause of God 
 be neglected by you, and his people continue op- 
 pressed suiferers under you, as they have long been ; 
 even then shall you be cast aside with shameful 
 disgrace, and the heavy hand of the Lord shall be 
 upon you in judgment. You shall be smitten more 
 than any before you; your estates shall not be 
 spared from the spoiler, nor your souls from the 
 pit, nor your persons from the violence of men, no, 
 nor your necks from the axe. 
 
 " If you be unfaithful, and continually treacherous 
 to the cause of God, then shall you be left to the 
 will of your enemies, and they shall charge treachery 
 and treason upon you, and your persons and estates 
 shall be given for a prey to your enemies ; and you 
 shall not deliver yourselves, neither will the Lord 
 deliver you from the execution of merciless men ; 
 for my Lord shall leave the cruel-hearted to plead 
 with you. 
 
 " Wherefore, that you may be warned, I advise 
 you to be faithful. Let not the cause of God fall,
 
 330 MEMOIR OF 
 
 nor the cause of his enemies prosper before you ; 
 for there is no other way whereby you can be pre- 
 served, nor any other defence shall you ever find 
 from the wrath of the Lord, and from the fury of 
 your devouring enemies, than your faithfulness in 
 God's cause. Therefore, relieve the oppressed, and 
 take off all oppression, break down all unjust laws, 
 and set all people free from unjust burdens, and let 
 all oppression cease, both in church and civil state, 
 and even all oppressive laws, and unjust judges, and 
 evil men in power. Let all these be removed, and 
 the nation clean quitted and discharged, even from 
 all men and laws whatsoever that have held under 
 oppression the persons, estates, and consciences of 
 the good people of this land. Let the nation be 
 corrected, and all orders and places of men, and 
 laws, and decrees be purified. 
 
 " This, my Lord, the great King, requireth, and 
 he will suddenly have it brought to pass in the 
 nation, if not by you, then contrary to you, and to 
 your utter destruction. This is the very substance 
 of my message to you, that my Master hath given 
 me to say unto you ; and on his behalf I am come 
 to claim of you my Master's long-lost right. Let 
 him have his right, from which he hath long been 
 banished. I demand it of you, all ye, whomsoever, 
 that seem to bear rule in the nation. I charge you 
 in his name, let him have his title and prerogative ; 
 let him be Lord and King wholly in his own king- 
 dom. Let him have the exercise of his people's 
 consciences by his own Spirit in all things relating
 
 EDWAED BTJBROTJGH. 331 
 
 to his worship and service ; and let him have the 
 full authority by his Spirit in all things pertaining 
 to church and ministry, and faith and religion. 
 
 " Let his Spirit have the alone authority to per- 
 suade and dissuade people from or to such or such 
 ministry, worship, and practices of religion ; and let 
 all forced maintenance to ministers, and tithes, be 
 speedily taken away. Let all laws and decrees 
 whatsoever, made and practised in the days of Anti- 
 christ, upon the bodies, estates, and consciences of 
 the people, in oppression and unjustness, about 
 church, and worship, and religion, be utterly re- 
 pealed, and made void, and never more be in force 
 in this nation ; but let my Lord be sole ruler and 
 governor, and have the full authority in his own king- 
 dom, in all things whatsoever pertaining thereunto. 
 
 "And let no man henceforth hereafter be intrusted 
 with the liberties of the members of Christ's king- 
 dom, as they are such, nor to judge over them in 
 any matters of faith and worship, but give that 
 right and privilege wholly unto the Spirit of Jesus 
 Christ. Unto him only it pertaineth to be whole 
 judge, and to have full power in his own kingdom ; 
 and until you give him the right, and deliver up 
 unto him his own kingdom, and the exercise of 
 peoples' consciences in all things about religion, you 
 shall never prosper, nor any that cometh after you, 
 that shall in any measure abridge my Master of 
 his proper right, from which he hath long been 
 banished, as I have said. Till his right be given 
 him, in the case aforesaid, he will dash one man
 
 332 MEMOIR OF 
 
 against another, and none shall ever be established ; 
 but horn after horn shall be broken, and one power 
 after another brought into confusion. 
 
 " And therefore, ye men, do not strive with him 
 in this matter, but yield unto him the exercise of 
 your own consciences by his Spirit in you, and let 
 him do so unto all others, even as ye hope to pros- 
 per, and upon the penalty of his sore displeasure 
 upon you in this world, and in the world to come. 
 Let just men, and righteous men, and meek men, 
 and men that have the fear and wisdom of God in 
 them, without acceptation of birth or otherwise; let 
 such men have the power and judgment committed 
 to them, to determine in things between man and 
 man. Down with all the false-hearted flatterers, 
 that have ruled for man and not for God, and for 
 themselves, and not for the good of the people ; 
 cast all such out from you ; for the good among you 
 is choked by them. Down with all that judge for 
 rewards ; and . away with all hireling rulers, that 
 execute the law for money, and will not plead the 
 cause of the poor without great fees. Down with 
 all that will not serve places of trust without so 
 large stipends. 
 
 " Away with all these things out of the land, for 
 they are heinous oppressions unto men, and great 
 abominations in the sight of God ; and the land 
 hath long groaned under the weight and burden of 
 these things, and the earth is weary of them, and 
 my Lord requires their utter dissolution, as being 
 iniquities fully ripe, and having the guilt of so much
 
 EDWARD BUEBOTJGH. 333 
 
 cruelty, injustice, and oppression lying upon the 
 nation because hereof. Therefore, this is the Lord's 
 season to destroy them, and remove them out of the 
 land; and if you be the instruments in such a work, it 
 will be your greatest crown, and your perpetual 
 honour. 
 
 " The Lord's purpose is one way or other to 
 cleanse the land of all these and other oppressions 
 whatsoever, that the people of this land may be a 
 free people from all the heavy yokes of Antichrist, 
 which have long sorely pressed them down. And 
 the purpose of the Lord is to break the yokes of 
 oppression and tyranny from off the necks of his 
 people ; and therefore it is that he overturneth, 
 yea, and will overturn, all men and authorities that 
 shall oppose his work, and none shall be able to 
 stand before him. 
 
 " The presence of my Lord is more dreadful to a 
 nation, when he shows himself in wrath, than any 
 multitude of armed men ; and woe is unto jon, if 
 you be found opposing of him ; and if you seek to 
 stop his work, you shall not cumber the earth very 
 long, nor oppress the nations many days. Where- 
 fore consider, cursed will you be, if you be unfaithful 
 in what you have to do on the Lord's behalf; for 
 your hour passeth over that is allotted you, and 
 will be suddenly expired, never to be recalled, and 
 then you cannot work. 
 
 " And whereas there is a great cry about ministry, 
 for sending forth, and maintaining and encouraging 
 a godly ministry, as you say :
 
 334 MEMOIE or 
 
 " Now to this I do answer, on my Lord's behalf, 
 and I must tell you plainly as for a true godly 
 ministry, truly called and sent of God, such a mi- 
 nistry and such ministers you can never be able to 
 hinder. The Lord will send them out, maintaining 
 them and preserving them, whether you will or no ; 
 and while you are troubling yourselves about such 
 a matter, you are but meddling with things above 
 your line, and out of your jurisdiction, while you 
 act in such a case. For it belongs to his govern- 
 ment to send out ministers, whom, and as he will, 
 and to maintain them and defend them according to 
 his own pleasure, and all this without you. 
 
 " Such ministers, truly called thereunto, and sent 
 of the Lord, will not seek to you to be sent forth, 
 or maintained by you ; they will not be beholden 
 to you in such a case ; but even without you, and 
 contrary to you, must they be sent out and main- 
 tained. So that the Lord will have a ministry in 
 this nation purely of his own, and not of man, nor 
 by man, and such a ministry you shall not be able 
 to hinder. 
 
 " And I must tell you plainly, as for these men 
 called ministers, in this nation, the way of their 
 setting up, and sending forth, and the way of their 
 maintenance, and the way of their standing and de- 
 fence, and in every particular of their being such, 
 they are the greatest and most woful oppression in 
 the nation. Even the most abominable and unjust 
 cruelties and tyrannies are acted through them, as 
 any other thing in the nation ; and they are (as
 
 EDWABD BUBBOUGH. 335 
 
 such aforesaid) the woful cause of the nation's 
 groaning under merciless dealing. There is upon 
 their account the guilt of blood, injustice, and op- 
 pression lying upon this nation. Their iniquities, 
 their iniquities, cry for vengeance upon their own 
 heads ; for they are full, they are full, and the 
 measure thereof is near finished, and God's eternal 
 vengeance is their next reward from the eternal God. 
 
 " What shall I say of them, but this ? The earth 
 is oppressed by them, the inhabitants groan under 
 them, and the righteous God is vexed through them, 
 and they are the very men of high indignation and 
 fierce wrath, and all their practices, as such, are the 
 fuel of his anger, to be consumed by the fire of his 
 jealousy. The nation is weary, and its inhabitants, 
 and the Lord is weary, because of these men. 
 
 " And is this the ministry cried up by you as 
 godly and pious, &c. ? Are these the men that the 
 nation must be forced to maintain in their pride 
 and idolatry ? Is this the ministry that must be 
 encouraged ? "Well, if these be the men, and this 
 the ministry which must be established and encour- 
 aged by you, in so doing you shall never prosper, 
 but thereby gain the displeasure of the Almighty 
 unto you, to bring a curse upon all your doings, 
 even because hereof. For I must tell you, the 
 hand of my Lord is against them, and whosoever 
 shall seek to defend them shall not prosper in 
 their doings, because their oppressions, cruelties, 
 deceits, and abominations are nigh finished and 
 fulfilled.
 
 336 MEMOIR OF 
 
 
 
 " Wherefore take heed uuto yourselves, for this 
 is my Master's advice unto you : let this ministry 
 alone, and join not yourselves to Baal, lest you 
 perish, neither take part with Antichrist any 
 longer, neither be ye fighters against the Lamb and 
 his kingdom ; but free the nation, and let all its 
 inhabitants be freed from the cruel tasks and yokes 
 of such men, and such a ministry as aforesaid. 
 Uphold it not against the Lord, for if you do, you 
 shall never be established ; this is from the mouth 
 of my Lord unto you. 
 
 " And, last of all, my Master hath a people in 
 this nation, even a suffering people, that have borne 
 the burden of the cruelty, and injustice, and wicked- 
 ness both of rulers and teachers, who have, as it 
 were, trodden them down, and made them a very 
 prey to their devouring mouths. The very cry of 
 their sufferings hath reached unto heaven, and the 
 very sound thereof your ears have heard. This 
 people are greatly beloved, and my Lord will assu- 
 redly honour them, and his hand shall be continued 
 to preserve them and defend them against all their 
 enemies whatsoever. He doth reserve them to 
 himself, and for a glorious work that he hath to do 
 by them ; and he hath formed them for himself, 
 and they cannot join with any of the horns of the 
 great beast, neither can a place of honour pervert 
 them from their perfect way. 
 
 "My Lord compasseth them about on every 
 side, and hath kept them in the midst of trials, 
 reproaches, and sufferings, and covered them in the
 
 EDWABD BUEROUQH. 337 
 
 heat, and in the storm, till his pleasure is to make 
 further use of them. They are his, and not their 
 own ; and they must fulfil his will, and none be- 
 sides. They lie at rest in him, while mountains 
 are overturned, and while one potsherd of the earth 
 breaks another; and this must be, even till the 
 appointed time. To say no more of them, though 
 much more might be said, they are had in remem- 
 brance before the Lord, to do with them even for 
 his own glory, and for the nation's perpetual good. 
 
 " To the authority of the Most High, through 
 them, shall kings of the earth and nations of the 
 world bow and tremble. Wherefore, ye men, touch 
 them not, neither do ye afflict them, even as you 
 hope to prosper. Remember their cause, and 
 suffer it not always to be rejected, as it hath long 
 been. Keep yourselves free from the injustice and 
 cruelty of them that have gone before you, who 
 have been merciless, and oppressors of that people, 
 even till my Lord hath confounded them, and 
 brought them into confusion ; for there is the 
 weight of blood, tyranny, and oppression lying upon 
 the nation in that people's cause, and my Lord will 
 avenge them in his season. 
 
 " Though they are not weary of their sufferings, 
 but are in the patience which beareth all things, 
 yet the nation can never be happy, nor its govern- 
 ment ever blessed, while this people are held in 
 bondage. Their sufferings are deeply considered 
 of the Lord, and the season thereof is drawing 
 towards an end. When this cometh to pass, then 
 z
 
 338 MEMOIR OF 
 
 woe unto the kingdom of Antichrist, and to the 
 false [church and] prophet, even when their 
 strength is dried up, by which they have made war 
 against the Lamb and his followers : yea, woe unto 
 them. Great fearfulness shall be upon all the 
 world, when the King of that people reigns upon 
 the earth, and the time is at hand. Blessed is the 
 man that waiteth for it, and blessed is he that is 
 not offended in his coming, but is prepared to 
 receive him in his appearing, which suddenly 
 cometh upon all the world. 
 
 " Thus I have told the Lord's present message 
 unto you, which I received from him, and thus far 
 I am clear ; and whether you accept it or reject it, 
 my peace and reward is for ever with him, who am 
 a subject of his kingdom, and a friend to this nation, 
 however otherwise judged by ignorant men. 
 
 " EDWABD BUEEOTJGH. 
 
 "Ninth month, 1659." 
 
 How strongly prophetic the language in the 
 foregoing, " Your estates shall not be spared from 
 the spoiler, nor your necks from the axe ; your 
 enemies shall charge treason upon you, and if you 
 seek to stop the Lord's work, you shall not cumber 
 the earth very long." Monk was about preparing 
 to move into England with the army from Scot- 
 land, and then came the Restoration, with its train 
 of imprisonments, banishments, confiscations, and 
 death.
 
 EDWABD BUBBOTJGH. 339 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 IN the ninth month, 1659, after writing the 
 "Address to the Rulers " given in our last chapter, 
 Edward Burrough left London. In the same 
 month we find him at East Hamstead, at a public 
 dispute, which was held on the challenge of the 
 priest, Christopher Fowler, and some of his cle- 
 rical brethren. Two positions affirmed that day 
 by the priest were, that " The Scriptures are the 
 glorious everlasting foundation of foundations ;" 
 and also, that " A man may, at one and the same 
 time, be a minister of Christ and a deceiver." 
 Little good appears to have resulted from this 
 meeting, for Fowler hastily withdrew, and Edward 
 unavailingly sought to have another opportunity 
 with him. On the 26th of the ninth month, soon 
 after Edward had passed out of that neighbourhood, 
 Christopher Fowler drew up a paper against the 
 people called Quakers, consisting of ten particulars. 
 He said he was able to sustain these charges 
 against them, and was willing to let them choose 
 their own time for a public debate, and it might be 
 as soon as they pleased. Edward Burrough re- 
 ceived a copy of Fowler's paper, and sent him word 
 that on fourth-day, the 21st of the tenth month, 
 he would meet with him at Reading. 
 
 Fowler, perhaps, did not desire to debate with 
 Edward, at least he declined meeting him at the 
 time and place designated, although in the chal- 
 z2
 
 340 MEMOIR or 
 
 lenge lie had left this to be fixed by the Quakers. 
 He said, Beading was not a suitable place, proposed 
 Oakingham in the same county, and suggested 
 another time. Edward came to Reading, two days 
 before the time he had appointed for the dispute, 
 and there he received the priest's reply. He had 
 appointed meetings at divers places, and he found 
 that he could not be at Oakingham at the time 
 designated. He also considered Reading, the town 
 where Fowler preached, as the most suitable place 
 for the dispute. Accordingly he wrote to Fowler, 
 letting him know that he was at Reading, ready to 
 dispute with him, but could not be at Oakingham 
 at the time designated. Fowler, in reply, said, he 
 would not meet him at Reading, for there was no 
 need of dispute there. Edward, finding that the 
 public dispute would fall through, answered the 
 charges in print. 
 
 Thomas Curtis was with Edward in his travels 
 through Hertfordshire, and perhaps James Nayler. 
 They passed northward into Buckinghamshire, and 
 in the tenth month held a meeting at a place 
 called " The Grove," about a mile from the house 
 of Isaac Pennington. This meeting was remark- 
 able as that at which Thomas Ellwood was con- 
 vinced of the truth of Quakerism. The whole 
 ministerial service of the meeting fell upon Edward. 
 Thomas says, the ministry not only convinced his 
 understanding, but warmed his heart with a heat 
 which till then he had never felt under the ministry 
 of any man.
 
 EDWARD BUEEOUGH. 341 
 
 When the meeting was over, the three friends 
 went to the house of Isaac Pennington, where 
 Thomas Ellwood, with his father and sisters, were 
 on a visit. In conversation with Edward, Thomas's 
 father advanced the Calvinistic doctrine of personal 
 predestination, in opposition to the universal free 
 grace of Christ Jesus, but he soon found himself 
 at a loss for arguments to sustain his position. 
 Edward said little in reply to him, but James 
 Nayler took up the subject, and, as Thomas says, 
 "handled it with so much perspicuity and clear 
 demonstration, that his reasoning seemed irresist- 
 ible ; and so I suppose my father found it, which 
 made him willing to drop the discourse. As for 
 Edward Burrough, he was a brisk young man, of a 
 ready tongue. 
 
 " The next morning we prepared to return home, 
 that is, my father, my youngest sister, and myself; 
 when having taken leave of our friends, we went 
 forth, they with Edward Burrough accompanying 
 us to the gate. He there directed his speech in a 
 few words to each of us severally, according to the 
 sense he had of our several conditions ; and when 
 we were gone off, and they gone in again, they 
 asked him what he thought of us ? He answered 
 them, as they afterwards told me, to this effect : 
 ' As for the old man, he is settled on his lees ; and 
 the young woman is light and airy ; but the young 
 man is reached, and may do well if he does not lose 
 it.' Surely that which he said to me, or rather 
 that spirit in which he spake it, took such fast hold
 
 342 MEMOIE OF 
 
 on me, that I felt sadness and trouble come over 
 me, though I did not distinctly understand what I 
 was troubled for." 
 
 A few weeks after this interview, Thomas Ell- 
 wood, going with Isaac Pennington to a meeting at 
 Wycombe, again met with Edward Burrough, who 
 had come thither from Oxford. It was a monthly 
 meeting, " consisting of Friends chiefly, who ga- 
 thered to it from several parts of the country 
 thereabouts ; so that it was pretty large." Thomas 
 Ellwood says, " A very good meeting was this in 
 itself and to me. Edward Burrough's ministry 
 came forth among us in life and power, and the 
 assembly was covered therewith. I also, according 
 to my small capacity, had a share in it ; for I felt 
 some of that Divine power working my spirit into 
 a great tenderness, and not only confirming me in 
 the course I had already entered, and strengthen- 
 ing me to go on therein, but also rending the veil 
 somewhat further, and clearing my understanding 
 on some other things which I had not seen before. 
 
 " Edward Burrough going home with Isaac Pen- 
 nington, he invited me to go back with him, which 
 I willingly consented to. For the love I had more 
 particularly to Edward Burrough, through whose 
 ministry I had received the first awakening stroke, 
 drew me to desire his company, and so away we 
 rode together. But I was somewhat disappointed 
 of my expectation ; for I hoped he would have 
 given me both opportunity and encouragement to 
 have opened myself to him, and to have poured
 
 EDWAED BTJBEOTTGH. 343 
 
 forth my complaints, fears, doubts, and question- 
 ings, into his bosom. But he, being sensible that 
 I was truly reached, and that the witness of God 
 was raised, and the work of God rightly begun in 
 me chose to leave me to the guidance of the 
 good Spirit in myself, the counsellor that could 
 resolve all doubts, that I might not have any 
 dependence on man. Wherefore, although he was 
 naturally of an open and free temper and carriage, 
 and was afterwards always very familiar and affec- 
 tionately kind to me, yet at this time he kept 
 himself somewhat reserved, and showed only com- 
 mon kindness to me. Next day we parted, he 
 for London and I for home." 
 
 This was about the beginning of the eleventh 
 month. In that same mouth, Edward wrote a 
 postscript to Francis Howgill's " Heart of New 
 England Hardened through Wickedness." This con- 
 tains a sharp reproof to that hard-hearted, liberty- 
 loving, as well as liberty-restricting people. It thus 
 concludes : " O, have you forgotten since you were 
 sufferers yourselves ? Then it was well with you 
 far better than now. You are at ease in the flesh 
 and have forgotten God, and lost that sincerity 
 which once was in you. The very spirit of the old 
 bishops which once persecuted you, has entered 
 into your hearts, and now lives in you and acts in 
 you. In the days of your prosperity you are 
 exalted, and have forgotten the Lord, and you 
 requite him evil for his love." This is very descrip- 
 tive of the spirit manifested about the time this
 
 344 MEMOIE or 
 
 letter was written, and for many previous years, by 
 the magistrates and priests of the Massachusetts 
 colony. Edward's feelings were keenly sensitive 
 to the sufferings of his fellow-believers, and he 
 laboured fervently in various ways to stop the per- 
 secution then raging against them in New England. 
 On the 24th of the eleventh month, he wrote 
 the following letter to Parliament : 
 
 " Friends, All these overturnings, and almost 
 wonderful changings, were effected through the 
 justice of the Lord's hand. You are now again at 
 the helm of government, and on the throne ; and I 
 dare not but say it is of and by the Lord, and that 
 he hath done it contrary to the expectations of 
 many ; and what his end is in it, remains with him. 
 But I am sure one cause is, that you may execute 
 part of his wrath upon that treacherous generation 
 of hypocritical and deceitful men some of the army, 
 I mean. I need not say to you, how that many of 
 them were raised up from a low estate ; and, instead 
 of serving the nation, became their lords and 
 oppressors. They have abused the Lord's mercy to 
 them, and exalted themselves, and become as great 
 oppressors, and as grievous to the nation, as ever 
 they were that went before them. Some of them 
 took the very tithes and estates of their enemies, 
 and followed their evil spirit also, though the Lord 
 was long-suffering to them, and gave them a day, 
 and put opportunity into their hands, wherein they 
 might have done good.
 
 EDWABD BUBBOTJGH. 345 
 
 " But they also neglected to serve God and the 
 nation, to serve themselves; and because of the 
 ambition and pride of some of them, the Lord suf- 
 fered them to make this last interruption upon you, 
 which was great treachery in man's account, that 
 thereby their measure might be filled up, and that 
 he might give you occasion against them, and suffer 
 you to be filled with indignation towards them, to 
 break them to pieces. What you do to some of 
 them, in casting them out, and afflicting them, you 
 are but God's executioners therein ; you are the 
 executioners of his anger, in what you do to them ; 
 and who shall prevent you, or forbid him to go on ? 
 For they have long enough dissembled with this 
 nation, in professing more than others, and doing 
 less, and their downfall is now. And God hath 
 looked upon you, to be hard-hearted and cruel 
 enough, and very fit executioners of vengeance 
 upon such men as I have mentioned. 
 
 " But now concerning you and your present 
 state, as you are in present place and power, I have 
 something to say to you. Though they are fallen, 
 and you yet stand, and you have a little time after 
 them, do not glory over their fall, neither glory as 
 though you should stand for ever; for they were 
 not greater sinners than you are, neither are you 
 one whit more righteous than some of them ; but 
 you are as sure to fall, as they are fallen, with no 
 less measure of dishonour and affliction than is 
 come upon them ; and you are in your last hour. 
 I dare not say, that God expects much more from
 
 346 MEMOIR OF 
 
 you, than for the end aforesaid, viz., to be the 
 executioners of justice upon men as sinful as your- 
 selves ; so do not glory over them that are fallen. 
 
 " But know that your time also is but short, arid 
 your fall may prove to your destruction, and theirs 
 may prove to make them better, and refine them. 
 If God hath chosen you to execute some part of his 
 wrath upon them, for their wickedness, he will 
 doubtless find instruments to execute his wrath 
 upon you, else he will do it with his own hands ; 
 for he purposeth not to spare you ; for your sins 
 cry as loud as any other people's, and the oppres- 
 sions are as great under you, as under them whom 
 you condemn. I desire, if there be any good men 
 amongst you, that such who are wise may consider, 
 and mind the hand of the Lord in and through all 
 these things that are come to pass ; for God is work- 
 ing as well as you ; he is seeking to set up a kingdom 
 as well as you, and his government and yours cannot 
 stand together ; and he will make you know that he 
 is stronger, and his government of more force, and 
 your kingdom cannot stand in place with his. 
 
 " Therefore, Oh that you would take heed ! Oh 
 that you would be wise, if so be some of you may 
 be spared ! And be not too zealous in your way, 
 nor too furious in your proceedings ; do but to 
 others as you intend to receive from others, and 
 from the Lord. Go not beyond your commission ; 
 for a permission at least you have had from God, 
 even to scourge hypocrites, and to be a judgment 
 upon that hypocritical, seeming religious gene-
 
 EDWAED BUEBOUGH. 347 
 
 ration of men aforesaid, which have many a time, as 
 it were, mocked God, and pretended love to him 
 with their lips, when their hearts have yearned after 
 self-honour, and the treasures of this world. I say, 
 your present hour and permission is for this end, 
 but not to persecute the people of the Lord, nor to 
 destroy God's heritage ; but if you shall extend 
 your power unto such a work, and if you do per- 
 secute the innocent without cause, and make war 
 against the Lamb and his followers, and make laws 
 and execute them to the oppression of the saints of 
 the Most High, then you go beyond your com- 
 mission; for God hath not called you unto this, 
 but to be instruments in another cause. 
 
 " The children of Zion trust in the living God, 
 and fear not the terror of mighty men, neither can 
 they be afraid at the roaring of the sea, nor at the 
 present threatening of the heathen, for God is with 
 them. I say unto you, the servant of the Lord 
 hath pondered and considered all these proceedings, 
 and viewed the present state of things at this day, 
 and there is no vision from God unto you of peace 
 and comfort, nor of a happy and lasting government, 
 as you stand. If any prophet shall divine this 
 unto you, he speaks what he hath not from the 
 Lord, but the vision of his own heart, and he 
 deceives you and himself; for you are not established 
 upon a right foundation, neither are you acting by a 
 right spirit, which can truly govern for God ; but 
 the spirit of wrath and fury is put into you, for the 
 work to which you are called. I know not how to
 
 348 MEMOIR OF 
 
 warn you, that you do not persecute the people of 
 God. For why ? It may be you must fill up your 
 measure of wickedness thereby, that God may 
 break you perpetually; yet the less will be your 
 judgment, if you do it not. But if you do it, the 
 Lord will take occasion against you, to wound you, 
 and you shall never be healed ; and as you do afflict 
 others, so and much more shall it be done unto you 
 from the Lord. 
 
 " Wherefore, consider what I have said ; for this 
 is the vision of the Almighty unto you, that shall 
 not go unfulfilled. What you do, you must do it 
 quickly ; for your time is short, and your power 
 will God subdue ; and his kingdom and power will 
 he speedily exalt over your heads, and make you 
 and the nations know that he is God, and that all 
 power is with him, and that he can do whatsoever 
 he will ; and it is his right alone to reign, and his 
 children's portion to possess the kingdom with him. 
 Let the whole earth, and all the powers thereof, 
 bow and tremble before him ; let not your hearts 
 be stout and rebellious against him, for he can 
 grind you to powder, and sink you into confusion 
 and misery, as a stone into the sea." 
 
 This was directed for the hands of the Speaker in 
 Parliament, and accordingly was given to William 
 Lenthal, being inclosed to him with these lines 
 following : 
 
 " Friend, The inclosed I do commend unto thee
 
 EDWARD BTTBEOUGH. 349 
 
 to present unto the House, and to endeavour sin- 
 cerely the reading of it in your assembly ; for it is 
 of special concernment to you all. In the name of 
 the Lord, and by his Spirit, I do charge thee not 
 to be negligent in this matter, as though it were 
 not of worth to you. I lay it upon thee, as thou 
 wilt answer the contrary at the dreadful day of 
 God, when the King of Eighteousness shall judge 
 thee and all mankind. 
 
 " EDWABD BUEEOFGH. 
 " The 24th of the Eleventh month, 1659." 
 
 About the close of 1658, Edward Burrough had 
 met with a paper circulated for signatures, which 
 purported to be a free call to William Brunsward 
 to exercise his ministry at Kendal. On this, Edward 
 had addressed some Queries to the said Brunsward, 
 relative to his call to the ministry, and a few other 
 subjects, concluding with a proposition to hold a 
 public discussion with him at Kendal. No notice 
 was taken of this challenge, but Brunsward soon 
 afterward attempted to revenge himself on Edward, 
 for the doubt insinuated in the Queries as to his 
 true call to the ministry, by writing a book, entitled, 
 "The Quaker- Jesuit, or Popery in Quakerism." 
 This book was answered by John Story, in a tract, 
 called, " Babylon's Defence broken Down, and one 
 of Antichrist's Warriors Defeated." Edward Bur- 
 rough added some remarks to this, publishing the 
 Queries he had formerly sent to Brunsward, and 
 renewing the challenge to meet him at Kendal.
 
 350 MEMOIR OF 
 
 He says, " These things I am willing to travel 
 through in discourse with thee, the said "William 
 Brunsward, or any other that shall accept of the 
 propositions, with the consent of the mayor and 
 aldermen of the town, who may preserve the place 
 and people in peace and soberness ; also provided, 
 that each of us, on both parts, may have full deli- 
 beration to speak forth our minds pertinently to 
 the matter, and that each may have silence from 
 the other, while he is speaking ; that all fair and 
 sober dealing be amongst us, and the fear of God." 
 
 Addressing Brunsward and his party in Kendal, 
 he says, " I am a lover of your souls, and a friend 
 to righteousness ; and daily travail in the work of 
 the Gospel, to the intent that sinners may be con- 
 verted to God, and the saints be strengthened in 
 the faith which gives them victory over the world ; 
 and I wait for Zion's redemption, and for the 
 overthrow of great Babylon, that hath ruled over 
 the kings of the earth." 
 
 About this time an Address, signed by sixty-one 
 ministers of the city of London, was published 
 under the title of "A Seasonable Exhortation;" in 
 which they treat on the present distracted state of 
 the nation, in respect both to civil and religious 
 aifairs. Among the evidences of the deplorable 
 condition of the nation, they adduce " The many 
 horrid and hideous errors which for some years past 
 have abounded, against the authority of Scriptures, 
 the Deity of Christ, the Holy Ghost, Trinity of 
 Persons, immortality of souls, doctrines of repent-
 
 EDWARD BUEKOTJGH. 351 
 
 ance, humiliation, sanctification, resurrection of the 
 dead, and the eternal recompence of heaven and 
 hell ;" " and the divers sects increasing every day in 
 number and power, and under the names of Qua- 
 kers, Banters, Seekers, &c., oppugning the received 
 doctrine and unquestionable interest of Christ 
 Jesus." 
 
 To these heavy accusations against the Society of 
 Friends, Edward Burrough published a reply, en- 
 titled, " A Return to the Ministers of London," in 
 which he successfully refutes the accusations, and 
 gives much pertinent advice to the authors of them. 
 From this Essay the following is extracted, viz. : 
 
 " That many horrid errors have abounded 
 amongst you, is very true, as in many particulars 
 might be instanced. But why do you maliciously 
 charge the Quakers with opposing the interests of 
 Christ Jesus ? The Lord shall judge you in his 
 day, when he makes it appear to all the world, that 
 those whom you charge with the contrary, are the 
 very friends of Christ's interest, and have been 
 patient sufferers, for his name's sake, under the 
 wickedness of your generation. As for the Ranters, 
 Seekers, and others, whom you have reckoned 
 up with the Quakers, it is well known that we are 
 in opposition in spirit unto all these, and have 
 given large testimony in the fear of God against 
 them." "What the Seekers, Banters, Familists, 
 and the rest mentioned by you, do hold, as in these 
 things you have charged them with, I will leave
 
 352 MEMOIR or 
 
 that, for I am not now pleading their cause, but the 
 cause of God and his people, whom you in scorn 
 called Quakers. And though you have joined them 
 in accusation with others, yet I must separate them 
 from others in my answer, and must tell you, in the 
 fear of the Lord, that you have belied them, and 
 falsely accused them. For they do not deny the 
 authority of the Scriptures, but give that autho- 
 rity to them which the Spirit of God that gave 
 them forth hath formerly given. Neither do they 
 deny the Deity of Christ, but do say, in him dwel- 
 leth the fulness of the Godhead ; neither do they 
 deny the Holy Spirit, nor the Father, Son, and 
 Spirit, but say there are three, and these three are 
 one ; but as for your Trinity of Persons, that is 
 language beside the Scriptures. We do affirm the 
 soul is immortal ; and as for the doctrines of re- 
 pentance, humiliation, sanctification, resurrection 
 from the dead, the eternal recompence of heaven 
 and hell, these doctrines are publicly held forth by 
 them in words, and also in practice, more than by 
 yourselves. Therefore, with what face you could 
 charge them with the denial of these things, is 
 almost wonderful. There are thousands of your 
 congregations that are and have been sometimes 
 hearing [them] in your city, that shall bear witness 
 against your accusations, and give evidence that 
 they have heard them whom you call Quakers give 
 faithful witness of and for all these things which 
 you charge them with the denial of. Do you think 
 that your congregations are all so blind as to re-
 
 EDWAED BTJRROTJCKH. 353 
 
 ceive for truth what you have herein spoken ? Nay, 
 I must tell you, some of them are offended with 
 you because hereof." 
 
 On the first day of the third month, 1660, Ed- 
 ward Burrough, being in Oxfordshire, felt a con- 
 cern that his brethren should be preserved in the 
 true place of spiritual safety, amid the tumults, 
 agitations, and fears which were shaking the nation 
 at the bringing in of King Charles II., and ad- 
 dressed them in an Epistle which contained the 
 following : 
 
 " Dearly Beloved, Whom the Father hath called 
 and chosen into the election of eternal salvation, 
 and who have handled, and tasted, and felt of the 
 judgments and mercies of the Lord ; and amongst 
 whom the God of heaven and earth hath appeared 
 in his Spirit, and in his power, which hath begotten 
 you into the heirship of the heavenly kingdom. 
 
 " Oh, Friends ! our kingdom and victory are not 
 of this world, nor earthly, but from above, and 
 spiritual ; wherein we have peace and comfort, end- 
 less and everlasting, which the world knows not of. 
 I say unto you all that know these things, Live in 
 the peace and victory, and kingdom which is invisi- 
 ble, and mind the things, as your greatest treasure, 
 that pertain to that kingdom, even the weight v ~ 
 matters of it, which are eternal and infinite ; and 
 that every one of you may feel and enjoy a portion 
 in that kingdom. It is precious for a people to be 
 
 A A
 
 <304 MEMOIB OF 
 
 subjects of the heavenly kingdom, and for a man to 
 have an assurance of life and peace in God ; to be 
 an heir of that kingdom that fadeth not away, and 
 to have his name written in the record of life. 
 Blessed is every one whose hope and confidence, 
 and peace and assurance are in the living God, and 
 whose soul resteth under the government of the 
 Almighty, and who knows him to be Judge, King, 
 and Lawgiver in all things. This is the kingdom 
 that is heavenly, and is altogether blessed; for 
 peace and truth, and righteousness and all virtue 
 are enjoyed in it for evermore. 
 
 " Now, Friends, you must all be subjected in all 
 things under the power of the Lord God, and unto 
 his will, and he must work in you to will and to do ; 
 for in this is true rest and peace unto the soul, 
 where the will of the Father is done and suffered in all 
 things, and not the will of man, which worketh sor- 
 row to the creature, and not peace, in the obedience 
 to it, and where it rules. That must be subjected in 
 you, even in every word, work, and motion, unto 
 the Eternal Power, that you may die, and Christ 
 may live. In this you will have union and fellow- 
 ship in spirit with the Lord God, and he alone will 
 be your trust and confidence, and your glory. If 
 he live in you, and walk in you, then you are his 
 people, and he is your God. 
 
 " Friends are to mind this, even peace, and union, 
 and fellowship with the Lord, and the comfort of his 
 presence, which is the only happiness of the crea- 
 ture, even the enjoyment of him that is invisible,
 
 EDWAED BTJEBOTTGH. 355 
 
 who is God infinite over all, to whom mortal eye 
 cannot approach, neither can the mortal mind ap- 
 prehend, but in his own life manifested in mortal 
 flesh, and by the measure of his own Spirit that 
 dwells in us is he seen, felt, perceived, and enjoyed 
 of us. So mind the immortal life begotten of the 
 Father in you, that that may live in you, even the 
 Heir of God, which is his image and likeness, for 
 in that alone is covenant with God made and kept, 
 and in it is the Father's presence enjoyed, and he 
 worshipped, without respect of time, place, or visible 
 thing. If that live in you, then you in that will 
 live unto God, in all that is answerable unto him. 
 Your words and works will be accepted of him, and 
 well-pleasing to him, even because it is he that 
 worketh in you to will and to do all good things. 
 He alone is exalted in you, and you subjected, and 
 the Maker is become the Husband, and you mar- 
 ried unto him. He lives in power, and rule, and 
 command, and you live in subjection unto him, and 
 in fulfilling his will in what he guideth in, by his 
 Holy Spirit. And this life is very precious. 
 
 " Oh, Friends ! live in it, and dwell in it always, 
 and then your joy and peace will be over all this 
 world, and you will be comforted when fear and 
 terror comes upon all men. For the Lord God 
 whom we serve and worship in the spirit, will cause 
 his enemies to know his power ; and that he doth 
 and can do whatsoever he will, and will smite his 
 enemies, and wound them in their consciences ; 
 for all power, dominion, and authority are with 
 A A 2
 
 356 MEMOIE OF 
 
 him ; he is mighty to save, and mighty to destroy, 
 and his reward is to every one according to their 
 deeds. 
 
 " This is the God whom we fear and worship, and 
 all flesh must bow before him, when he shows his 
 presence ; though men be high and lifted up, and 
 go on in rebellion against him without fear, yet the 
 hand of the Lord will be upon them, and he shall 
 smite them with the rod of his mouth. Wherefore, 
 all Friends, have respect unto the Lord in your 
 hearts, in all things that you do, and in all things 
 that come to pass, for that is blessed in a people ; 
 and they shall prosper, their souls shall be nourished, 
 and their lives refreshed with the mercies of the 
 Lord, even all they that wait upon the Lord, and 
 have respect unto him and his eternal power, which 
 doeth and suifereth all things that be. In this 
 power you must dwell and walk, and feel it in your 
 hearts, and it will be your armour and defence in 
 all things, and it will carry you through all that 
 which worketh contrary. 
 
 " It is very precious to be armed with the armour 
 of God, in the day of temptations and trials, that 
 you may not be overcome of the wicked, nor spoiled 
 of the heavenly inheritance. Oh, Friends ! put on 
 strength, that you may stand, and never be moved 
 from the hope of eternal life, and feel the renewing 
 of your inward man, even the increase and growth 
 of the immortal life in you, that you may live in 
 that unto the Lord God, and that your covenant 
 with him may be preserved, whereby you may be a
 
 EDWAUD BUmtOUGH. 357 
 
 praise and a glory to him in your generation, in the 
 sight of the whole world. 
 
 "You who have tasted of the presence and 
 power of the Lord, and who have known his mer- 
 cies and judgments, and been acquainted with him, 
 may you be kept faithful unto the end, and not be 
 subverted by the wicked one, nor drawn from obe- 
 dience to the truth, nor lose your crown of immor- 
 tality, neither by the flattery nor terror of the 
 ungodly, but that you live in the dominion of im- 
 mortal life, which keeps above all temptations and 
 terror, and gives authority over all. This life is 
 blessed, where the glory and peace of this world, 
 and the troubles and sorrows of it also, are seen 
 over, and felt beyond, and nothing of it can move 
 the heart, nor disquiet the spirit, nor work any 
 separation from the Father's love. In the Seed of 
 God, where it lives above mortal, is this enjoyed by 
 us and all the faithful. 
 
 " But if the man's part live above the Seed of 
 God, that will be drawn aside by the love or by 
 the terror of this world, for that is changeable, and 
 the evil one hath a part in it. So that part is to 
 be kept in subjection in you, under the Seed of 
 God, and it must bear the cross of Christ always, 
 else you will be overcome of the wicked. For in 
 that part (the man's part) which is of this world, 
 the devil hath something, a place to receive him, 
 and part to obey him ; but in the Seed of God he 
 hath nothing, neither place nor part. And so, 
 Friends, live in the Seed of God, for in that is your
 
 358 MEMOIE OF 
 
 victory and heavenly dominion, and also your elec- 
 tion and assurance for ever, even in the second 
 birth, begotten of the Father ; for that is the Heir 
 of God, and therein doth man inherit eternal life, 
 and rest and peace to his soul. Therein are bless- 
 ings and peace, and life inwardly and outwardly, 
 and all fulness is enjoyed. Here the Lord is the 
 Teacher, the Father, the Shepherd, the Master, the 
 King and Judge. He is become to us the all in all, 
 and the kingdom is delivered to him, and all sub- 
 jected under him, even God with us, the substance 
 of all, the end of all. All the contrary is put 
 under, even the lion and the lamb laid down 
 together, and man lives in peace according to the 
 promise ; and the mountain of the Lord's house is 
 established on the top of all, in which nothing can 
 destroy or hurt the pure life ; but life is in domi- 
 nion over all, and death is swallowed up of it. 
 
 " Oh, Friends ! this is the mark that is before 
 you. Press on towards it, that you may obtain 
 the final end of all your travail and waiting, of your 
 obedience and suffering, the end of your hope and 
 patience, and the very end of the message sent of 
 God, and delivered to you by us. The end of all 
 is this, ' That you may dwell in God, and he in 
 you, and be gathered up to him, to be ever with 
 him ; and that he may be your all in all, and you 
 may be to him an honour and praise throughout 
 the world, in your generation ; even he your only 
 God, and you his people.' 
 
 " Friends, certain it is, that the way of life, and
 
 EDWABD BUBBOUGH. 359 
 
 peace, and of salvation is made manifest unto you, 
 and you know wherein everlasting peace and recon- 
 ciliation with G-od sband. You also know, what 
 the cause is of all trouble, and sorrow, and con- 
 demnation. The Lord hath opened many hearts, 
 and given unto many a good understanding. 
 And seeing you know this, live in the way of 
 peace, and escape the other, that you may not 
 come into condemnation ; for it is a fearful thing to 
 fall into the condemnation and wrath of the 
 Almighty. 
 
 " For this cause, that men should be saved from 
 wrath, and have peace with God, the Lord hath sent 
 abroad plentifully in this nation the message of life 
 and salvation, and you have received it, and believed 
 the report, though many have rejected it to their 
 destruction, whose judgment will be upon them. 
 But you have tasted, handled, and felt of the word 
 of eternal life, by which the Lord hath wounded 
 you, and healed you again; and many hath he 
 slain, and made them alive, even through his word 
 and power, which hath entered into many hearts, 
 which killeth the enmity, and quickeneth the seed, 
 and which breaketh off from all the world's fellow- 
 ship, both in transgressions and righteousness, and 
 makes all void, all covenants with death and hell, 
 and marrieth unto the Lamb. 
 
 " Oh, Friends ! wait upon the Lord, that ye may 
 possess these things ; for to know them, and be in 
 them, is everlasting treasure and riches ; the pos- 
 session of them is riches to the poor, bread to the
 
 360 MEMOIR OF 
 
 hungry, clothing to the naked, and life to the dead. 
 And if ye know these things, lay them up in your 
 hearts, as your most precious treasure, and let none 
 spoil you of it. And if ye are married unto the 
 Lamb, then are you the true and only church, even 
 his body and living members of it ; for such only 
 are the true church, that are married to Christ, 
 and united to him in his own nature. And in that 
 ye have received the truth, and do know the truth, 
 live in it, and walk in it in all faithfulness. Be 
 not fearful and unbelieving, as though the Lord 
 were not with you, though ye suffer much for his 
 name's sake ; for he is not wanting unto that man 
 that doth fear his name, and that walks in his way ; 
 but for the deliverance of all such will he appear. 
 He will free the oppressed, and the afflicted people 
 he will save, even by his outstretched arm. "Where- 
 fore, let our eye be unto the Lord in all states and 
 conditions, whether of sufferings or otherwise, for 
 from him salvation cometh, and not from the moun- 
 tains of the earth. Keep your meetings in your 
 several places, and be faithful in all things, that 
 your consciences may be kept void of offence, both 
 towards Grod and men, that no disobedience or load 
 of iniquity may be upon you, but that in the sight 
 of God you may feel clearness and freedom of soul 
 and spirit, from the burden of all transgression, 
 that you may know the remission of all sin, and all 
 iniquity may be blotted out, and no guilt of trans- 
 gression may lie upon you, but you may enjoy 
 peace in your consciences, in the sanctification and
 
 EDWABB BTTRROUGH. 361 
 
 justification of the new man ; and this is the hea- 
 venly life, even upon earth. 
 
 " And when you are met together in the name 
 and power of the Lord, mind his presence amongst 
 you, for that is life, and will make your meetings 
 profitable and full of virtue to your souls, and the 
 Lord will instruct you in all that is good, and 
 Christ will be your minister of peace and comfort, 
 and his Spirit will lead you into all truth, and by 
 his word, even the speech of God in your hearts, 
 you will be quickened in spirit, and your strength 
 and peace in God will be renewed, day by day. 
 Walk in all wisdom and in the fear of the Lord 
 one towards another, and towards all people, that 
 your righteous and innocent life, and your holy 
 ways and works of truth, may have evidence in the 
 hearts of your enemies that you are of God, by 
 the shining forth of your light before them, and 
 that the devil, nor all your enemies may have ought 
 against you, saving concerning your God, and the 
 worship of him, and the matters pertaining to 
 good conscience. 
 
 "If any suffer afflictions and tribulation by 
 wicked men, if it be for righteousness' sake, and 
 concerning the law of your God, and the matters 
 of his kingdom ; in such suffering the Lord will 
 be with you, and not forsake you, but he will give 
 you dominion, and carry you through it in all 
 patience and faith, which gives you victory over all 
 enemies. And nothing shall come upon you, nor 
 happen to you in the anger of God, but all afflic-
 
 362 MEMOIE OF 
 
 tions shall be turned to your comfort, and by 
 persecutions and tribulations the Lord will but try 
 you, and not destroy you, you being delivered from 
 his wrath, and from that which is the cause of it. 
 
 " Therefore let us have patience towards all men 
 in all conditions, and faith- towards God at all 
 times, for therein is our armour of defence, and our 
 weapons to resist all our enemies. Let us give up 
 unto the eternal will of the Father, whether in life 
 or death, in tribulations or in rejoicing, and give 
 our power wholly to the Lord, and not unto any 
 other, knowing that not one hair of our head can 
 fall without him, whose power is over all, and 
 through all. So that if we live it may be unto him 
 alone; and if we suffer and die, it may be for him. 
 Herein peace shall be with us, in whatsoever cometh 
 to pass upon us, if we can receive all things as 
 from the hand of the Lord, and live in the feeling 
 of that power, which doeth all things, or suffereth 
 all things to be done. 
 
 " And blessed is he that is not offended in Christ, 
 who cannot be offended in him, nor separated from 
 him by principalities, nor powers of darkness, nor 
 death, nor life, nor any thing. In this growth was 
 the Apostle, and the same is to be waited for ; 
 blessed is he that obtains it. That which takes 
 offence against Christ, is of the same with that 
 which gives it. For all offences against him arise 
 from the corrupted nature which knows him not, 
 and that which receiveth any offence against him, 
 is the same which knows him not. Yea, though an
 
 EDWAED BUEBOUGH. 363 
 
 offence may be justly given, yet that in which the 
 offence takes place, knows not the Father nor the 
 Son. And Christ said, offences should come, but 
 woe unto him by whom they come, and woe unto 
 that which stumbles and falls through offences. 
 Therefore every one is to mind the certain evidence 
 of the Spirit of God, and of the truth and way of 
 salvation in his own heart, and being persuaded 
 concerning the way of salvation by the Spirit of 
 God, that Spirit will judge every offence that is 
 given, and not embrace it. 
 
 " By that Spirit which judges and casts out that 
 which gave offence against God, may a man be pre- 
 served above all offences, so as nothing can separate 
 him from the love of God ; but though this offence, 
 or the other, may arise, yet such a one feels and 
 possesses the mercy, love and peace from God in 
 his own spirit, and such a one lives in the heavenly 
 life, and cannot make the evil example of another 
 an occasion of iniquity to himself, but he rather 
 hears and fears, and keeps in more diligence and 
 respect to the fear and presence of God in his own 
 heart. Yet he covers not the offence that is given 
 in itself, but with a spirit of judgment treads it 
 down, and walks over it ; and this is the right way 
 for a man of God to walk in. That spirit is not 
 right before the Lord, nor that heart, which takes 
 unto itself an occasion to stumble at, or deny the 
 power and mercy of the Lord, because another may 
 abuse them. 
 
 " But if one be gone from the Spirit of God in
 
 364 MEMOIB OF 
 
 their own hearts, their mind unsettled upon that, 
 and unseasoned with that, then the offences enter, 
 and work darkness and prejudice in the mind, and 
 the wrong part being up, it receives all things to a 
 wrong end, and it abuses God's mercies, and also 
 wants the authority to pass judgment upon offences, 
 and because hereof is a man undone. For preju- 
 dice will eat out the good, and destroy simplicity, 
 and wound the soul, and bring men into death and 
 bitterness of spirit. Therefore this is to all Friends, 
 that you may be kept in the spirit of judgment, 
 which will not receive an offence into the wrong 
 part, but will judge all offences in themselves, and 
 hereby all will be preserved. Truth must travail 
 through all his enemies, and blessed is he that is kept 
 faithful to the end, in the power of the Lord God, 
 that reigns over, and judgeth the power of darkness 
 in every appearance of it, inwardly and outwardly. 
 " And as concerning the times and seasons, and 
 the present confusions and distractions that are 
 amongst men, much might be spoken ; but cer- 
 tainly the end of all these things shall be turned 
 for good unto us, and unto all that do abide in faith 
 and patience unto the end. Though the present 
 times be of an heavy countenance towards us, like 
 as if we should be swallowed up through the roar- 
 ing of the sea, and because wickedness doth abound 
 by the spirit that now is exalted ; yet in this let 
 us respect the Lord, for certain it is, that times 
 and seasons are in his hand, to change them at his 
 pleasure, and to take them from one, and give them
 
 EDWABD BUBBOUGH. 365 
 
 to anotlier when lie will. The day is his, and the 
 victory is in his hand. Oh ! let not mortal men 
 glory against him ; man's time is but for a moment, 
 and it is our blessedness and peace to be still ; and 
 to have a respect to the Lord through all these 
 overturnings. And though the spirit that now is, 
 be wicked and abounding in iniquity, yet the Lord 
 will limit its way. 
 
 " And as for all the confusions, and distractions, 
 and rumours of wars, what are they to us ? What 
 have we to do with them ? Wherein are we con- 
 cerned in these things? Is not our kingdom of 
 another world, even that of peace and righteousness? 
 Hath not the Lord called us, and chosen us into 
 the possession of that inheritance, wherein strife 
 and enmity dwell not ? Tea, he hath broken down 
 that part in us that is related thereunto, and being 
 dead in that nature of strife, bloodshed, and wars, 
 how can we live in strife and contention in the 
 world, or have fellowship with any therein ? 
 
 " Can we have any pleasure in the confusion and 
 distraction amongst men, or join in any thing with 
 them, if so be we are quickened in the new life to 
 God, which is a life of love and peace, and free from 
 such things ? If we are crucified in the life to this 
 world, out of which all strife and confusion arise, 
 how can we live therein ? Therefore these things 
 are nothing to us, neither are we of one party, or 
 against another, to oppose any by rebellion, or 
 plottings against them, in enmity, and striving with 
 them by carnal weapons, nor to destroy any men's
 
 366 MEMOIB OP 
 
 lives, though our enemies : for we war not for any, nor 
 against any, for the matters of this world's kingdom. 
 
 " But our kingdom is inward, and our weapons 
 are spiritual, and our victory and peace are not of 
 this world. Our war is against soul's enemies, and 
 against the powers of darkness, even by the sword 
 of the Spirit, which God hath given us, and called 
 us to war therewith, to convert people from sin and 
 death, and from the very occasion of wars and con- 
 tentions about the things that are earthly. This is 
 our calling and work at this day ; and these things 
 all the children of the Lord are to mind, and to keep 
 over the spirit of this world in all people, which all 
 this enmity, strife, and confusion that is up amongst 
 men, lodgeth in, and ariseth out of it. 
 
 " These things are the fruits of the spirit of this 
 evil and sinful world, and the fruits of the Spirit of 
 GTod are of another nature, even peace and meekness 
 towards all, and not enmity towards any. In this 
 spirit let us live and walk, admonishing all hereunto, 
 and praying for our enemies, and not hating them, 
 but doing good for evil, and not rendering evil for 
 evil; but being meek and humble, merciful and 
 patient towards all. This is the true Christian life, 
 learned of Christ, and this life is blessed in this 
 world, and in the world to come. They that live 
 here are redeemed out of the world, wherein is 
 trouble and confusion, wars and strifes. 
 
 " But let us not heed any of these things, for they 
 rise and fall in their season, and are brought forth 
 and effected in the changeable and erring spirit,
 
 EDWABD BUEEOUGH. 367 
 
 which worketh not the honour of God, but is in the 
 dishonour to him. Friends, let us be a people 
 separate from all that live therein, waiting for the 
 deliverance of the holy seed in all, and believing 
 that through all these things the Lord will set up 
 his kingdom. Thus it must come to pass, Babylon 
 must fall with a great noise ; for in strife and con- 
 fusion was she builded, and therein hath she long 
 stood, and thereby must she fall. Tribulations must 
 come upon the earth, that people may learn to fear 
 the Lord through his judgments. And he will 
 speedily do great things in the world, which cannot 
 be believed by many, if it were told them ; for hell 
 and death must be destroyed, and the beast must 
 be taken alive, and cast into the lake of the anger 
 of God. But blessed are they that do wait upon 
 the Lord, and rest under his shadow, and wait in 
 his counsel, and receive his instructions ; they shall 
 see the marvellous works of his hand ; but the 
 wicked and unbelieving shall be turned into dark- 
 ness, and shall not see the countenance of the Lord 
 to refresh them, but their sorrow shall be increased. 
 " And as for me, if I were no more, this is the 
 testimony of my love unto the seed of God through 
 these nations, who am a companion to all that 
 travail after truth and righteousness, and that seek 
 the Lord in their hearts that he may rule ; and 
 these things were upon me, to send amongst the 
 flock of God, to be read in all your meetings. 
 
 BuEEOuan. 
 
 Oxfordshire, the 1st day of the Third month, 1660."
 
 368 MEMOIE OF 
 
 Charles II. was now established as king over 
 Great Britain ; and as many public predictions had 
 been given out by Friends, plainly foretelling that 
 he would be brought in, some of his friends wished 
 to know whether the Quakers could tell if his power 
 was likely to be permanent. Some one, Sewel sup- 
 poses it to have been Lord Clarendon, drew up 
 several queries, addressed to Friends on this subject. 
 It had this heading " To the Quakers, some Queries 
 are sent to be answered, that all people may know 
 your spirit, and the temper of it, and your judgment 
 concerning the times and seasons." This was added: 
 " Let your answer be directed, Tradite hanc Amico 
 Eegis." " Deliver this to the King's Friend." 
 
 About the middle of the third month, Edward 
 Burrough replied to this in a work entitled, " A 
 Visitation and Presentation of Love unto the King 
 and those called Royalists." 
 
 In this Essay he replies to a number of queries 
 propounded to the Society, relative to the state of 
 affairs in the government. 
 
 In the course of his answers he deals with his 
 catechists in a strain of honest and fearless exposition, 
 not sparing to reprove their evil practices; and 
 warning them faithfully what must be the con- 
 sequences if they persist in suffering wickedness to 
 go unpunished, while the righteous are persecuted 
 for their conscientious adherence to the law of 
 their God. 
 
 Although busy with his pen, Edward Burrough 
 still found time to travel in the work of the ministry
 
 EDWABD BTJBBOTJGH. 369 
 
 as his Master led him. Soon after writing the 
 foregoing he went into the west of England. Being 
 in Somersetshire on the 25th of the fourth month, 
 he felt his heart drawn in love to salute his fellow- 
 believers in London with an Epistle. 
 
 He remained some time labouring amongst 
 Friends in the west. On the fourth of the sixth 
 month he was at Bristol, where he had been for 
 several weeks. Whilst at this place he wrote " A 
 Presentation of Wholesome Information to the King 
 of England." This was a defence of the Society of 
 Friends from an attack made upon them by a 
 George Wellington, of Bristol, in a work just then 
 published, entitled, " The Thrice Happy Welcome of 
 King Charles the Second." 
 
 Of his labour at Bristol he says, " I continued 
 about Bristol two months, in much precious service 
 for the Lord, and truth had good authority over all, 
 and great acceptation in the hearts of many. Some 
 were convinced, and some edified and confirmed, as 
 many can witness. Until after the time of the fair 
 I was not clear of that city, but immediately after I 
 was free." 
 
 A concern had been long on his mind to pay a 
 second visit to Ireland, and the time now seemed 
 come to fulfil it. Almost immediately after writing 
 the above answer to Wellington, he took shipping 
 with Joseph Coale and others for Cork. In that 
 city he remained for a considerable time, labouring in 
 the work of the ministry with his usual faithfulness 
 and success. On the 21st of the sixth month he 
 B B
 
 370 HEMOIB, OF 
 
 once more addressed an Epistle to his beloved 
 Friends in London, 
 
 At the close of this Epistle he says, " I am now, 
 according to the will of the Father, in Ireland. It is 
 some weeks since I arrived in Cork city, in much peace 
 and safety, with my dear companions, it having been 
 long upon my spirit to visit the seed of God in this 
 nation. Of love have I felt it in me ; not of constraint, 
 but of a willing mind a free spirit and not offeree. 
 After a time of patience and waiting for many days 
 to see my way clear for it, the Lord hath ordered it 
 and brought it to pass, acceptable to me and many 
 here. This is the time when this visitation must 
 be effected, for till now my way was not clear. But 
 that this journey hath laid upon me I should have 
 rejoiced to have been present among you, either in 
 testimony by suffering, or otherwise. But this is 
 the will of God, and it is in my heart to pass through 
 this nation, and to visit the seed of God, by the love 
 and word of the Father, as he gives of his life and 
 strength, and opens the way before me. I perceive 
 in this land Friends are generally well, and truth 
 grows in victory and dominion, and the Lord is 
 adding to the numberless number of them that 
 must stand on Mount Sion ; and through the rage 
 of men, and above it all, the little flock is preserved 
 in its beauty, and the seed sown in weakness and 
 affliction is received and quickened in much power, 
 which is my joy." " I hope in the continuance of 
 the power and presence of the Lord with me through 
 this work. In his power I am compelled even to
 
 EDWAED BUBBOTJGH. 371 
 
 do and suffer all things for his name's sake, and that 
 by virtue of his own life that dwells in me. The 
 Lord preserve all the brethren like-minded, that the 
 work of the Lord may be fulfilled and finished by 
 us. Amen." 
 
 He travelled throughout Ireland, and for six 
 months laboured abundantly in the defence and 
 promulgation of the truth in that nation. Of the 
 particulars of his service but little information has 
 been preserved. 
 
 Towards the close of his visit, he was once more 
 in Cork. At this time persecution was beginning 
 to rage in London, and many Friends there were 
 cast into prison. The account of this stirred up 
 the warm feelings of Christian love in Edward, and 
 it would seem, from the following eloquent and 
 fervent letter, he had a foresight that he would 
 speedily suffer, even to death, amongst them. 
 
 " My very dear and beloved Friends : My 
 very heart is filled with love to you, and never was 
 the affection of a brother to his brother more lively, 
 fervent and full. I am wholly affected with your 
 integrity and faithfulness. Shall I say, like as a 
 father loves his children, so do I you, wishing and 
 desiring, with my whole heart, the increase of bless- 
 ing and peace upon you, when I am no more, by 
 any outward testimony in this world. How it shall 
 be [with me], and whether my testimony must pass 
 the outward world with my blood, I cannot tell ; 
 but if so, I doubt not but to receive great gain. 
 B B 2
 
 372 MEMOIE OF 
 
 My witness is with the Lord, that I have served 
 him from a child. 
 
 " I am brimful of deep, serious, and weighty 
 contemplation concerning what hath been, what 
 now is, and what must be, not lawful to be 
 declared. "Well, as for Friends in London, my 
 kind and dearest love salutes them all. Tell them 
 that I am well, and that as they are faithful in 
 God's truth, it adds to my joy. To my dearly and 
 truly beloved G. F., F. H., E. H., and all the rest 
 who know me, let this be mentioned. 
 
 " The truth of our testimony and its glorious 
 effects through the world, for these some years, ye 
 know. God hath been with us in a very large 
 measure, and he will not forsake us unto the end. 
 When we are no more, our memorial shall be 
 precious, and our testimony shall not die. Let me 
 be mentioned to all our friends who are in prison 
 in the city, and elsewhere. My heart longeth after 
 you, even that you may be faithful to the end. 
 Our God shall conquer for us ; if he were not our 
 strength, we should be swallowed up quick. There 
 is great wickedness hatching against us. Our 
 enemies are thirsting for our blood. This is so. 
 God hath not deceived me ; but his hand can 
 deliver us, if he will. But if he will not, as you 
 have often heard me say, let us not bow to the 
 devil. My heart is full, but I must cease from 
 writing, though never from love, nor from being 
 your very dearly and tenderly beloved 
 
 " EUWAED
 
 EDWARD BTTRKOTJGH. 373 
 
 " How shall I mention any by name in the remem- 
 brance of my love ? I heartily love all the saints, 
 and bid all the faithful in my soul farewell. I can- 
 not give any particular account of my peril and sore 
 travail ; but all is well as to truth in this land, and 
 Q-od hath been, is, and let him ever be, with me. 
 
 " Cork, the 18th of Eleventh month, 1660." 
 
 From Cork, Edward Burrough appears to have 
 taken passage to Bristol, from which place, on the 
 llth of twelfth month, he addressed an Epistle 
 " To his Companions in the Travail and Labour of 
 the G-ospel of Christ," in which he exhorts them to 
 stand faithful amid the sufferings and trials which 
 attend them, and not to be dismayed or discouraged, 
 but lift up their heads in humble hope and con- 
 fidence in the Lord, and commit themselves wholly 
 into his hands. He thus concludes, viz. : 
 
 " It is now eight days since I left Ireland, where 
 my service hath been precious for the Lord, for full 
 six months ; all which time the Lord carried me in 
 much faithfulness and diligence in his service, to 
 the confirming of many in the truth of Grod, and to 
 the converting of others ; and through and because 
 of the presence of the Lord, which was with me, I 
 had a very precious time, and was wonderfully 
 preserved through many dangers and trials. I 
 travelled nearly two thousand miles to and fro in 
 that land, and had very free passage in the principal 
 cities and towns, till my work for the present was
 
 374 MEMOIB or 
 
 fully ended there, having more time than could be 
 expected to clear my conscience to all people. It 
 would be too large to mention every particular 
 transaction, wherein I perceived the eminent hand 
 of God with me ; and also many things I observed 
 concerning the present state of things, which I shall 
 not now mention ; for what have we to do with the 
 affairs of worldly kingdoms ? But as for Friends, 
 it was well with them, they grow and increase in 
 the blessings and fulness of the Father. "When I 
 came thence all was quiet, and very few in prison, 
 though I suppose the tidings of things as they are 
 here, will produce the same sufferings upon them. 
 But I hope they will be bold and valiant for the 
 truth, in giving their testimony by faithful suffer- 
 ings, till these things be finished. 
 
 " Thus I remain, in life and death, and when I 
 am no more, in everlasting remembrance, your dear 
 brother and companion, by doing and suffering 
 for the name of the Lord and his truth. I am well, 
 and at liberty as yet. 
 
 " EDWABD BUBBOUGH. 
 " llth of the Twelfth month, 1660." 
 
 The insurrection of the Fifth Monarchy Men 
 had occasioned a proclamation from King Charles 
 against the meetings of the people called Quakers. 
 At Bristol, there were many ready and willing to 
 do all they could to suppress the meetings in that 
 city. On the 15th of the eleventh month, before 
 the king's proclamation had been published there,
 
 EDWARD BURROUGH. 375 
 
 a company of soldiers with their officers took sixty- 
 five persons from the meeting at Dennis Hollister's, 
 and carried them to the G-uildhall. Dennis Hollis- 
 ter and George Bishop being selected from the 
 rest, were taken before the mayor. He examined 
 them apart, and endeavoured to persuade them, 
 and to frighten them with threats from holding 
 religious meetings. Unconvinced by his arguments, 
 and undaunted by his threats, they answered with 
 Christian courage and boldness, " that they thought 
 it their duty so to meet, in obedience to the requir- 
 ings of the Lord, whom they ought to obey rather 
 than man. In so doing they had broken no law, 
 not even the proclamation, which had not yet been 
 published." The mayor then demanded of them 
 sureties for their good behaviour. This they refused 
 to give, because they knew that the mayor held 
 their attending their religious meetings to be a 
 breach of good behaviour. Whilst speaking on this 
 subject they told the magistrates, " That they might 
 as well think to hinder the sun from shining, or 
 the tide from flowing, as to think to hinder the 
 Lord's people from meeting to wait on him, whilst 
 two of them were left together." 
 
 The mayor, who had respect to persons, sent to 
 prison all the men arrested, except Dennis Hollister 
 and Greorge Bishop, who had been great men in 
 that community before they turned Quakers, and, 
 indeed, men of influence through the nation. When 
 the magistrates told these two that they might go 
 to their own houses, they felt indignant at the per-
 
 376 MEMOIR OF 
 
 version of justice, and nobly said, " "We seek not 
 liberty at the hand of those who have ordered our 
 brethren to prison, nor can it be just to commit 
 poor men, and let us go free." 
 
 They were, however, left at liberty, but Dennis 
 Hollister was the next day committed, and George 
 Bishop two days after, the last being taken from a 
 meeting at his own hired house. The first arrest 
 of sixty-five was made on third-day, Dennis Hollister 
 on fourth-day, Greorge Bishop on sixth-day, and the 
 next first-day sixty-five more were committed. 
 Some were arrested at private houses, and at this 
 time, the 20th, there were one hundred and ninety 
 in the prison. 
 
 On the 24th, they were all released in consequence 
 of a second proclamation of the lung, obtained by 
 the efforts of Margaret Fell, who represented to 
 him the grievous sufferings his first proclamation 
 had occasioned. When Edward Burrough arrived 
 in Bristol, in the twelfth month, Friends wrre 
 generally at liberty, except a few imprisoned for re- 
 fusing to contribute towards the charge of the militia, 
 and others for not taking the oath of allegiance. 
 
 On the llth day of the twelfth month, a petition 
 or address from the court of Boston in New Eng- 
 land was presented to the king. It was an endea- 
 vour on behalf of the rulers in New England to justify 
 their persecution of Friends, and the taking of their 
 lives. To expose the fallacies of this address, Ed- 
 ward Burrough was soon ready with a work, entitled 
 " Some Considerations," in which he says :
 
 EDWABD BT7BBOUGH. 377 
 
 " I do testify to the king, and before the whole 
 world, that we do profess and believe concerning 
 the Father, Son, and Spirit, and the Lord Jesus 
 Christ, and the blessed Gospel, and the Holy 
 Scriptures. I say, we do believe and make pro- 
 fession in truth and righteousness concerning all 
 these things, and by our doctrines and instructions 
 do persuade all people to believe, and not to seduce 
 any from these truths of the Gospel." " As for the 
 Scriptures being the rule of life, we say, the Spirit 
 of God that gave forth the Scriptures is the rule of 
 life and faith unto the saints, and leads not contrary, 
 but according unto, the Scriptures, in the belief 
 and practice of whatsoever the Scripture saith. 
 If these petitioners did make the Scriptures the 
 rule of their lives and practices, for the denial of 
 which they accuse us, they would not have cut off 
 ears, banished and put to death for the cause of 
 conscience, which is contrary to the Scriptures, 
 and proceedeth from another spirit than that which 
 gave forth the Scriptures. 
 
 " Concerning government. We are not enemies 
 unto government itself, as these our accusers do 
 charge us ; but it is our principle, and hath ever 
 been, and it is our practice to be subject to what- 
 soever government is set up over us, either by doing 
 or suffering. And neither to vilify nor rebel 
 against any government or governors, by any mali- 
 cious plots and contrivances ; but to walk in meek- 
 ness and humility towards all, being subject for 
 conscience sake.
 
 378 MEMOIE OF 
 
 " As for our doctrines tending to subvert both 
 Church and State, this is also a false accusation and 
 slander ; for our doctrines are to convert, and not 
 to subvert. Even to convert to God, and truth, 
 and righteousness, that men should live in these 
 things, and forsake all that which is contrary." 
 
 As many things were stated falsely concerning 
 the doctrines and practices of Friends, Edward 
 Burrough deemed it right to draw up something 
 more full on some points than he had yet done. 
 He accordingly prepared "A Just and Righteous 
 Plea, presented unto the King of England and 
 Council." In this he treats on " swearing," "meet- 
 ings for worship," "tithes," "giving security to 
 live peaceably," " concerning government," and 
 " persecution." It is preceded by an Epistle to the 
 king and his council, written on the 10th of the 
 second month, 1661. 
 
 About this time a book came forth anonymously, 
 bearing the title, " Semper Idem, or a Parallel of 
 Phanaticks." This was the production of a Roman 
 Catholic, and appeared as a justification of the 
 burning of those Protestants commonly called mar- 
 tyrs, who are designated ancient fanatics. To 
 this work Edward replied in a publication entitled, 
 " Persecution Impeached, as a Traitor against God, 
 his Laws, and Government ; and the Cause of the 
 Ancient Martyrs Vindicated, against the Cruelty 
 inflicted upon them by the Papists of former 
 days." " "Wherein is contained a relation of the 
 martyrdom of many such as dissented and opposed
 
 EDWABD BTTEEOUGH. 379 
 
 the church of Rome ; who are in the said book 
 vilified and reproached by the name and term of 
 ancient phanaticks. This is sent forth as an answer 
 thereunto, to pursue it, apprehend it, and condemn 
 it, as a pamphlet of calumnies and slanders against 
 the Protestants, both of former and present days ; 
 who are all of them scorned in the said book, the 
 one as ancient, the other as modern phanaticks." 
 
 On the 26th of third month, 1661, Edward again 
 appeared as a champion of the violated rights of 
 man, in an address, entitled, " The Case of Free 
 Liberty of Conscience in the exercise of Faith and 
 Eeligion, presented to the King and both Houses 
 of Parliament." 
 
 CHAPTEE X. 
 
 ON the 10th day of the third month, 1661, on the 
 coronation of the king, he, as an act of grace, gave 
 forth a royal proclamation, by which he discharged 
 from prison all who were in confinement under the 
 act for refusing the oath of allegiance, or for meeting 
 for worship, contrary to his former proclamation. 
 Religious liberty was not yet heartily approved of 
 by the rulers, and, in a few days after this, an 
 attempt was made in Parliament to obtain a special 
 act to crush the Society of Friends. Edward Bur- 
 rough says : " The 26th day of the third month, it
 
 380 MEMOIE OF 
 
 was moved by a certain member of the House of 
 Commons, whose name I shall not now mention, 
 that whereas the Quakers were a numerous people, 
 and growing more numerous daily, and upon the 
 king's indulgence and fair promises towards them, 
 especially that proclamation for their release out of 
 prisons, were very high and confident ; and met 
 together in great numbers, and were of dangerous 
 consequence, and prevailed much to the seducing of 
 the king's subjects ; that therefore that House 
 would be pleased to take into consideration, by 
 what way and means to proceed to check and re- 
 strain their confidence ; and to enact somewhat 
 concerning their refusing to take oaths, and their 
 great meetings. Whereupon it was put to the 
 question in the House, and resolved upon the same, 
 that it should be referred to a committee to pre- 
 pare and bring in a bill to prevent the ill conse- 
 quence to the government by Quakers, Anabap- 
 tists, and other schismatics refusing to take oaths, 
 and numerously and unlawfully convening together, 
 with such penalties as may be suitable to the nature 
 of those ofiences, and profitable to work upon the 
 humours of such fanatics." 
 
 About six weeks after the appointment of this 
 committee they reported a bill which, being twice 
 read, was committed again to a committee. To this 
 committee Edward Burrough, George "Whitehead, 
 and Eichard Hubberthorn obtained access ; and pre- 
 sented to them in writing their reasons against such 
 a bill being enacted, and also had liberty to speak
 
 EDWAED BURBOUGH. 381 
 
 of its unreasonableness, and the woful consequences 
 which would follow. The committee met again on 
 the 13th, and Friends again were admitted to ad- 
 dress them. George Whitehead has recorded what 
 he said to the committee, and one sentiment spoken 
 by his friend Edward Burrough, which the latter 
 has more fully given us. Edward says, " The last 
 thing that was said by one of us was, that if ever 
 this bill now under debate was finished into an act 
 to be executed, he was so far from yielding con- 
 formity thereunto, that he should, through the 
 strength of Christ, meet among the people of God 
 to worship him ; and not only so, but should make 
 it his business to exhort all God's people every- 
 where to meet together for the worship of God, 
 notwithstanding that law and all its penalties. And 
 he desired this might be reported to the House." 
 
 The committee were more moderate with the 
 Friends at the second opportunity than at the first, 
 and the spirits of some of them seemed brought 
 down and subjected under the power of truth ; 
 although one called Sir John Goodrich inveighed 
 very bitterly at first against Friends. The bill was 
 finally reported to the House on the 19th of the 
 month, and the three Friends who had attended the 
 committee, being joined by Edward Pyott, of Bris- 
 tol, presented themselves at the bar of the Commons, 
 requesting permission to give their reasons against 
 it, which was granted. Edward Burrough insisted 
 " That our meetings were no ways to the terror of 
 the people, as was suggested in the preamble to the
 
 382 MEMOIE OP 
 
 bill, but peaceable, only for the worship and sen-ice 
 of Almighty God, as we are required by the law of 
 God placed in our hearts and consciences, which 
 they ought not to make any law against. No 
 human law ought to be made contrary to the law of 
 God ; for if they did make any [such law, it would 
 not be binding." He quoted their ancient law- 
 book, " Doctor and Student," which he had in his 
 hand, wherein, treating of the law written in the 
 heart of man, it says, " Because it is written in the 
 heart, it may not be put away, neither is it ever 
 changeable by diversity of place or time ; and 
 therefore, against this law, prescription, statute, or 
 custom may not prevail ; and if any be brought in 
 against it, they be not prescriptions, statutes, nor 
 customs, but things void and against justice." 
 After reading this, Edward said, " If they made 
 such a law against our meetings, which are ap- 
 pointed for the worship of God, it would be con- 
 trary to the law of God, and void, or ought to be 
 void, ipso facto" 
 
 The others then each spoke freely their objec- 
 tions to the bill. Edward, on summing up the 
 whole, says, "The Lord opened our mouths, and 
 we showed divers sound reasons unto the House 
 against the aforesaid bill, and why it ought not to 
 pass into an act; first, because of the falsity and 
 unsoundness of it in its ground : secondly, because 
 of the unreasonableness and injustice of it iu itself ; 
 and thirdly, because of the evil effects of it, which 
 must needs follow if it be passed. Divers other things
 
 EDWAED BUBBOUGH. 383 
 
 were spoken in the name and authority of the God 
 of heaven, as concerning our peaceableness, &c., 
 and of the absolute proper right that belonged to 
 us, both from God and men, to enjoy the liberty of 
 our consciences in the exercise of our religion, &c. 
 And we had a good time to clear our consciences to 
 them as about that bill, showing how it was contrary 
 to the law of Christ, and to the king's promises, 
 and destructive to many thousand good people." 
 
 The House heard what the Friends had to say 
 with patience, and afterwards long debated the bill, 
 but at last they passed it. "When the bill came before 
 the House of Lords, Edward Burrough presented 
 some reasons and considerations against it. They 
 were the same in substance as he had urged before 
 the Commons, and are forcibly expressed. The bill 
 did not become a law until the third month of the 
 next year. 
 
 About the beginning of the seventh month, 1661, 
 information reached London of the martyrdom of 
 William Leddra at Boston, and the probability that 
 other members of the Society of Friends would 
 shortly suffer the same fate. On learning this, 
 Edward Burrough, on behalf of his fellow-members 
 in England, whose hearts were touched with sym- 
 pathy for their distant brethren, obtained an audi- 
 ence with King Charles on the subject. He told 
 the monarch, that a vein of innocent blood was 
 opened in his dominions, which if not stopped 
 would overrun all. The king, who, though dissi- 
 pated in his morals, was yet good-natured, and
 
 384 MEMOIR OF 
 
 willing to grant a favour, if it did not give him- 
 self much trouble, replied, " But I will stop that 
 vein." Edward requested him to act speedily in 
 the case, " For we know not how many may soon be 
 put to death." Charles said, " As soon as you will ;" 
 then, addressing some one present, he said, " call the 
 secretary, and I will do it presently." The secre- 
 tary came at the summons, and, at the will of the 
 king, drew up a mandamus, which was properly and 
 officially executed. A day or two afterwards, Ed- 
 ward called again on the king ; the mandamus had 
 been prepared, but the case slumbered. Indeed, it 
 probably would never have been attended to, if he had 
 not been further pressed on the subject. In excuse 
 for delay, the king said he had no occasion to send 
 a ship to New England. Edward, who knew there 
 were many chances of getting such a thing con- 
 veyed to its destination by those who had a heart in 
 the matter, inquired if he would be willing to grant 
 his deputation to one called a Quaker. The king 
 answered, " Yes, to whom you will." Edward then 
 named Samuel Shattock, an inhabitant of New 
 England, banished from thence on pain of death, 
 and the king made him his deputy. 
 
 Samuel Shattock was soon ready to sail, for 
 Friends made an agreement with Ralph Goldsmith, 
 one of their members, who was master of a good 
 ship, to sail in ten days, with or without freight. 
 For this they paid him three hundred pounds. He 
 reached his destination in safety, and at the sight of 
 this mandamus the proud rulers of Boston were
 
 EDWAED BUEEOUGH. 385 
 
 forced to yield up their prey. All then in prison 
 were discharged. 
 
 Edward Burrough, after seeing the deputy with 
 the mandamus in a fair way to be speedily for- 
 warded, set out to visit Friends in the north of 
 England. Whilst in Westmoreland, he appears 
 to have found various manuscript essays written by 
 him at different times, which, on reading over, he 
 now concluded to publish, and called his book " A 
 Discovery of Divine Mysteries." The preface 
 bears date the 25th of the seventh mouth. Whilst 
 still in the north he addressed another General Epis- 
 tle to the Saints. 
 
 He continued labouring about the place of his 
 nativity for some time, and on the 28th of the 
 eighth month addressed another Epistle to Friends 
 of the Truth in and about London. 
 
 We have no further account of the labours of 
 Edward Burrough, until we find him, in the latter 
 part of the tenth month, or the beginning of the 
 eleventh month, in Oxfordshire, visiting Thomas 
 Ellwood, then sick of the small-pox. From Oxford- 
 shire he went to his old field of labour, the city of 
 London. Here, in the twelfth month, he wrote " An 
 Epistle to the Rulers in the Christian World," as a 
 preface to a new work he was about publishing, 
 entitled " Antichrist's Government justly detected 
 of injustice, unreasonableness, oppression and 
 cruelty." 
 
 About this time John Perrott began to lay claim 
 to greater spirituality than his brethren, and to be 
 c c
 
 386 MEMOIB OF 
 
 elevated with spiritual pride and self-conceit. He 
 does not appear even to have been qualified for, or 
 called to much service in the church. Yet, when he 
 was humble, he was, without doubt, accepted in that 
 little which his heavenly Father required. Now, 
 however, being puffed up, he put on, to draw atten- 
 tion and admiration, the appearance of great sanctity. 
 He declared himself not easy to take off his hat in the 
 time when any of his fellow-ministers engaged in 
 public prayer, unless he felt a particular sense of 
 duty thus to uncover his head. This began to 
 create some diversity of feeling amongst Friends, 
 and some unpleasant scenes in their meetings. 
 Edward Burrough was favoured to see the root, 
 from whence the affected singularity of JohnPerrott 
 in this particular had its rise, and as one instructed 
 in the ways of righteousness administered to him 
 a sharp rebuke. 
 
 Edward Burrough once more felt his mind drawn 
 to visit Friends about Bristol. He was but a young 
 man, and in years and bodily strength was in the 
 prime of life, yet he felt as if his day's work was 
 nearly over. In his ministerial labours in several 
 meetings, and whilst parting with particular friends, 
 he bade them farewell with unusual solemnity, say- 
 ing many times that he did not know that he should 
 see their faces any more, and exhorting them to 
 faithfulness and steadfastness, in that wherein thin- 
 had found rest to their souls. His last words to 
 some were " I am going up to the city of London 
 again, to lay down my life for the Gospel, and suffer
 
 EDWABD BTJEBOTJGH. 387 
 
 amongst Friends in that place." London had ever 
 had a strong hold on his affections, and he had said 
 to his friend Francis Howgill, at a time when per- 
 secution was hot there, " I can freely go to the city 
 of London, and lay down my life for a testimony 
 to that truth which I have declared through the 
 power of the Spirit of God." 
 
 Thus under a sense of the near approach of death 
 he came to London. Soon after arriving there, 
 about the close of the third month, being at a meet- 
 ing at the Bull and Mouth, which Francis Howgill 
 says, " The people of the Lord had kept for many 
 years, to hear and speak of the things of God to 
 edification," he was arrested whilst preaching. 
 Those who arrested him violently pulled him down, 
 and carried him to the guard, and from thence 
 before Alderman Brown, who committed him to 
 Newgate. He was taken to the sessions in the Old 
 Bailey, and his accusers, and those who had per- 
 sonally abused him, were the sole witnesses against 
 him. His case was before the court at two or three 
 sessions, and at last he was fined, and sentenced to 
 lay in prison until the fine was paid. 
 
 Many Friends were in Newgate at that time, 
 shut up among felons, and not having sufficient 
 room to accommodate them, and being in filthy 
 places, their health and strength gave way. Richard 
 Hubberthorn, arrested shortly after Edward Bur- 
 rough, soon grew sick ; and about the time he had 
 been two months in prison his spirit was released. 
 He had been in a holy state of waiting, looking for 
 c c 2
 
 388 MEMOIR OF 
 
 his change, and lifted up above all the pains of 
 nature. To some Friends who visited him he said, 
 " There was no need to dispute matters, for he knew 
 the ground of his salvation, and was satisfied for 
 ever in his peace with the Lord." Of this Friend, 
 Edward Burrough wrote a memorial. Although 
 confined in prison he was busy with his pen. One 
 of his productions is entitled, " A Testimony con- 
 cerning the Beginning of the Work of the Lord, and 
 the first Publication of Truth, in this city of London ; 
 and also concerning the cause, end, and service of 
 the first appointment and setting up of the men's 
 meeting at the Bull and Mouth ; that it may be 
 known to all perfectly, how the Lord hath begun 
 and carried on his work to this day." 
 
 About the middle of the ninth month he addressed 
 the following letter to some of his friends in the 
 country : 
 
 " Dear and beloved Friends, The lively remem- 
 brance of you dwells always with me, praying for 
 the increase of peace and blessing to you from 
 the Father. I know ye have learned Christ, and 
 are acquainted with the teachings of his grace and 
 Spirit, which leads you into all truth, and is a com- 
 forter to you in all conditions; which is present with 
 you, and in you, in all times and places, even the 
 Spirit of the Holy God, which is given you because 
 you are children of him who is God, blessed overall. 
 
 "Dearly beloved, my heart is filled with fervent 
 love towards you at this time, and the lively sense
 
 EDWAED BUBBOTTGH. 389 
 
 of the Lord's suffering people rests upon my spirit, 
 with the dear embraces and salutations in the same 
 love with which I am loved of Christ Jesus my Lord, 
 whom I hope ye have so learned as never to deny 
 his name and truth. I am persuaded concerning 
 you, that the greatest tribulations, afflictions, and 
 sufferings, can never move or shake your hope or 
 confidence in God, nor separate you from his love, 
 life, and peace, which many of you have had large 
 manifestations of, and some the assured possession of 
 for evermore ; and I hope nothing can separate you 
 from that love which is of God, or divide you from 
 it in the absence of the Father's presence, which is 
 full of joy and peace. Nothing, I say, can be able 
 to break our fellowship with the Lord, but that he 
 is ours, and we are his, whatsoever wars, actions, or 
 tribulations may pass upon our outward man. I 
 write unto the faithful, and I need not say unto 
 you, ' know the Lord,' but I may say, ' stand fast, 
 faithful and valiant unto death, for the knowledge 
 of God, which ye have received, and give yourselves 
 to be destroyed, rather than to renounce or deny 
 Christ before men, or to cease from the exercise of 
 your consciences in what his Holy Spirit persuades 
 your hearts in the verity of.' 
 
 " Friends here are generally well in the inward 
 and outward man, and the presence of the Lord is 
 manifest with us through great trials, and sore 
 afflictions, and grievous persecutions, which we 
 have met withal this last half year. It would be 
 too large to relate, and piercing to your hearts to
 
 390 MEMOIR OF 
 
 hear, the violence and cruelty which Friends have 
 suffered in this city, in their meetings, and in pri- 
 sons ; it hath been very hard to bear the persecution 
 inflicted every way, though the Lord hath given 
 strength and boldness, and his power alone hath 
 carried through, else many would have fainted, and 
 not have been able to stand. Many have given up 
 their lives in faithfulness in this place, and their 
 faithfulness in keeping meetings, and in patiently 
 enduring many tribulations and cruel exercises is 
 a crown upon Friends in this city. Here are now 
 near two hundred and fifty of us prisoners in New- 
 gate, Bridewell, Southwark, and New Prison. In 
 Newgate we are so extremely thronged, that if the 
 mercy of the Lord had not preserved us we could 
 not have endured. There are near a hundred in 
 one room on the common side, among the felons, 
 and their sufferings are great ; but the Lord sup- 
 ports. For about six weeks the meetings were 
 generally quiet in the city, but these last three 
 weeks they have fallen on more violently than ever, 
 and imprisoned many Friends. But, through all 
 this, truth is of good report, and the nobility of it 
 gains place in many hearts, which are opened in 
 pity and compassion toward innocent sufferer?, 
 and truth is increased through all trials. Our trust 
 is in the Lord, and not in man ; and we desire the 
 same spirit may dwell and abide in you also, that 
 ye may be like-minded with us, and we all of the 
 mind of Christ, who seeks men's salvation, and not 
 their destruction."
 
 EDWAHD BUEBOTTGH. 391 
 
 King Charles, who appears to have entertained 
 much respect for Edward Burrough, hearing of the 
 crowded condition of the prison, and the number 
 who were sick or dying in it, sent a special order 
 for the release of Edward Burrough and some other 
 of the prisoners. This order, however, the cruel 
 and persecuting Alderman Brown and other London 
 magistrates contrived to thwart ; and Edward, who 
 had become quite weak and sickly from the pesti- 
 lential air of the gaol, rapidly grew worse. It soon 
 became evident that this faithful and devoted servant 
 of Christ was hastening to the close of his labours 
 on earth, to enjoy the crown immortal in heaven. 
 The same meek, enduring, and fervent spirit, which 
 had shown forth in his active and useful life, was 
 apparent in the approach of death. As his sickness 
 increased he abounded in patience and composure, 
 and the spirit of supplication rested richly upon 
 him. By night and by day he poured out his 
 prayers to God, for himself and for his people. His 
 heart being replenished with grace, he uttered many 
 expressions, indicating the heavenly frame of his 
 soul, greatly to the comfort of his surviving friends. 
 At one time he said, " I have had the testimony of 
 the Lord's love to me from my youth up ; and my 
 heart has been given up to do His will." 
 
 His deep interest in the city of London, and the 
 prosperity of the Society of Friends there, continued 
 with him ; and on one occasion he exclaimed, " I 
 have preached the Gospel freely in this city, and 
 have often given up my life for the Gospel's sake."
 
 392 MEMOIE OJF 
 
 " There is no iniquity lies at my door, but the pre- 
 sence of the Lord is with me, and his life, I feel, 
 justifies me." His heart overflowing with the love 
 of God, and with a precious sense of God's love 
 extended to him, he seemed borne above his weak- 
 ness and sufferings, already enjoying a foretaste of 
 that heavenly rest and peace into which he was 
 soon to enter. In addressing his heavenly Father, 
 he would say, " I have loved thee from my cradle 
 from my youth unto this day ; and have served 
 thee faithfully in my generation." 
 
 Filled with a lively sense of the preciousness of 
 that love, which is the fulfilling of the law, he ex- 
 horted his friends to " love one another, and to live 
 in love and peace." He prayed for Eichard Brown, 
 one of his principal persecutors, by name; thus 
 showing forth the spirit of his Divine Master, who, 
 when suffering on the cross for the sins of mankind, 
 interceded for his murderers in this affecting lan- 
 guage " Father, forgive them, for they know not 
 what they do." Thus calmly and peacefully he 
 drew toward the close of life, the spirit of his Lord 
 and Master being in dominion in him, and his 
 faculties bright and clear, notwithstanding the 
 violence of his disorder. Sensible that his death 
 was near, he said, just before it occurred, " Though 
 this body of clay must return to dust, yet I have a 
 testimony that I have served God in my generation; 
 and that spirit, which has acted and ruled in me, 
 shall yet break forth in thousands." Thus sustained, 
 by the power of God, in the faith and hope of the
 
 EDWAED BUBBOUGH. 393 
 
 Gospel of Christ, he closed his life, a martyr for the 
 name and testimony of the Lord Jesus, on the 14th 
 day of the twelfth month, 1662. 
 
 Those who have followed this undaunted soldier 
 in the Lamb's army through his life of laborious 
 dedication to the Gospel, and his peaceful and 
 triumphant death, can subscribe to the language of 
 George Fox respecting him : " His name is chroni- 
 cled in the Lamb's book of life, a righteous spirit, 
 pure, chaste, and clean. Who can tax him with 
 oppressing them, or burdening them, or being 
 chargeable to them, who, through suffering, hath 
 finished his course and testimony ; who is now 
 crowned with the crown of life, and reigns with the 
 Lord Christ for ever and ever ? 
 
 " In his ministry in his life-time he went through 
 sufferings by bad spirits. [He] never turned his 
 back on the truth, nor his back from any out of 
 the truth. A valiant warrior, more than a con- 
 queror, who hath got the crown through death and 
 sufferings. "Who is dead, yet liveth amongst us."
 
 TESTIMONIES 
 
 CONCERNING 
 
 EDWAKD BUBKOUGH, DECEASED. 
 
 IN a testimony given forth concerning him by 
 Francis Howgill, his companion and fellow-traveller 
 in the ministry of the Gospel, we find the follow- 
 ing, viz. : 
 
 " Shall days, or months, or years wear out thy 
 name, as though thou hadst had no being ? Oh, 
 nay! Shall not thy noble and valiant acts, and 
 mighty works which thou hast wrought through 
 the power of him that separated thee from the 
 womb, live in generations to come ? Yes ; the 
 children that are yet unborn shall have thee in their 
 mouths, and thy works shall testify of thee in 
 generations who yet have not a being, and they 
 shall count thee blessed. Did thy life go out as the 
 snuff of a candle ? Nay, thou hast penetrated the 
 hearts of many, and the memorial of the just shall 
 live for ever, and be had in renown among the 
 children of wisdom. Thou hast turned many to 
 righteousness, and shalt shine as a star of God in 
 the firmament of his pow for ever and ever. 
 
 " They that are in that, shall see thee there,
 
 TESTIMONIES. 395 
 
 and enjoy thee there, though thou be gone away 
 hence, and can no more be seen in mutability. 
 I cannot but mourn for thee, yet not as one with- 
 out hope or faith, knowing and having a perfect 
 testimony of thy well-being in my heart by the 
 Spirit of the Lord ; yet thy absence is great, and 
 years to come shall know the want of thee. Shall 
 I not lament as David did for Abner, when in 
 wrath he perished by the hand of Joab, without 
 any just cause ? Died Abner as a fool dieth ? Nay, 
 he was betrayed of his life ; even so hast thou been 
 bereaved of thy life by the hand of the oppressor, 
 whose habitations are full of cruelty. When I 
 think upon thee, I am melted into tears of true 
 sorrow, because of the want that the inheritance of 
 the Lord hath of thee. 
 
 " It was my lot, which I cannot but say fell in a 
 good ground, to be bis companion and fellow- 
 labourer in the work of the Gospel, whereunto we 
 were called for many years together. And when 
 I consider, my heart is broken ; how sweetly we 
 walked together for many months and years ! in 
 which we had perfect knowledge of one another's 
 hearts, and perfect unity of spirit. Not so much 
 as one cross word, or one hard thought of dis- 
 content ever rose, I believe, in either of our hearts, 
 for ten years together. Our souls were bound up 
 in unity and peace, having the frame of our hearts 
 bent after one and the self-same thing, to wit, the 
 propagation of that truth by which liberty was 
 obtained, and salvation received through Jesus
 
 396 TESTIMONIES. 
 
 Christ, the true light of the world. Seeing through 
 his light the whole world to He in wickedness, a 
 necessity lay upon this person of whom I am 
 speaking, being constrained by the Spirit of the 
 Lord, by which he was made an able minister of 
 the everlasting Gospel, to preach repentance, con- 
 version, salvation, and remission of sins. 
 
 "Accordingly he went forth in the name and 
 power of the Lord Jesus, the Saviour of mankind, 
 and was an able minister of the glad tidings of 
 salvation in many, or most parts of this land ; and 
 also he travelled again and again through the whole 
 nation of Ireland ; in some part of Scotland, and 
 part of Flanders ; and his ministry was made effec- 
 tual, through the almighty power of God, in 
 turning many from darkness to light, and from the 
 power of Satan to God. There are many thousands 
 living in the body, and alive in the truth, who can 
 in the Spirit of the Lord bear testimony to the 
 power and verity of his ministry, in many countries 
 where he travelled ; for he laboured much in divers 
 places, even in the heat of the day, though he 
 began early in the morning. 
 
 " In the beginning of his travels and labours, it 
 was his share to break up rough places and untilled 
 ground, and to walk amongst many briars and 
 thorns, which scratched and pricked. He often 
 trod the paths and ways which had not been 
 occupied in the truth ; and where darkness had 
 the dominion and was as a covering, he broke 
 through as an armed man, not minding the opposi-
 
 TESTIMONIES. 397 
 
 tion, but the victory, and the good of all souls, 
 though to my knowledge his sufferings and trials 
 have not been small, nor his exercise a little. 
 
 " He was in travels often, oftentimes buffeted, 
 sometimes knocked down by unreasonable men, 
 who had not faith; loaded with lies, slanders, 
 calumnies, and reproaches, besides the exceeding 
 weight of service from week to week, insomuch 
 that he had seldom many hours of repose ; and he 
 often suffered by those spirits who lost their first 
 love, and rose in opposition. He was very diligent 
 and faithful, true hearted and valiant, and the yoke 
 at last came to be easy unto him, though no ease 
 at all in the body, as to the outward man ; for he 
 made the work of the Lord his whole business, 
 without taking so much liberty unto himself, or 
 about any outward occasion in this world, as to 
 spend one week to himself, to my knowledge, these 
 ten years. He had ventured himself often, for the 
 body's sake ; and a great care I know was in 
 his heart, that those to whom he had ministered, 
 and others that had believed in the same truth, 
 might prosper and walk as becometh the Gospel of 
 Jesus Christ. 
 
 " He was of a manly spirit in the things of God. 
 He engaged himself often upon the Lord's account 
 singly in great disputes, when there were many 
 opposers. He hath stood in the door and in the 
 gap, against all his enemies, for the worthy name 
 of God, and took the whole weight of things upon 
 his own shoulders, that others might be eased,
 
 398 TESTIMONIES. 
 
 though often to the weakening, and almost destroy- 
 ing of the outward man, yet doing all in love to 
 the Lord, and for his people's sake. He did it 
 with cheerfulness, and it was a grief to him if any 
 opportunity was missed of doing good. He was a 
 man of no great learning in natural tongues, which 
 men so much applaud ; yet his heart was full of 
 matter, and his tongue was as the hand of a ready 
 scribe. 
 
 " He had the tongue of the learned, having had 
 experience of the work of the Lord, and being 
 acquainted with many conditions which God had 
 carried him through, he could speak a word in 
 season unto all who declared their conditions to 
 him or otherwise. In his public ministry he was 
 elegant in speech, and had the tongue of a learned 
 orator, to declare himself to the understandings 
 and consciences of all men with whom he con- 
 versed, by which many received great profit, and 
 their understandings came to be opened ; for his 
 words ministered grace to the hearers, and were 
 forcible and very pleasant, as apples of gold in 
 pictures of silver. 
 
 " This young man, of whom I am. speaking, was 
 one of the first, with some others, who came to the 
 city of London, where he met with no small oppo- 
 sition, both from professors of divers forms, and 
 also profane, who heeded no religion at all. The 
 way of truth seemed cpntemptible, and without 
 form or comeliness to them all. This made the 
 opposition so great, and the labour hard, notwith-
 
 TESTIMONIES. 399 
 
 standing it pleased the Lord to reach to the con- 
 sciences of many, and many were pricked to the 
 heart, so that they cried out, What shall we do to 
 be saved ? 
 
 " God made his ministry very effectual to the 
 conversion of many in the city of London, whereby 
 a great change was wrought in the hearts of many, 
 and many hundreds brought to know the Lord 
 their teacher, which are as seals unto the word of 
 life through him unto this day. He continued in 
 this city very much at times, between eight and 
 nine years together, preaching the word of God, 
 and speaking of the things of his kingdom to all 
 that look after it ; with great watching, travail, and 
 exercise in the work of the Lord ; and his earnest 
 desire was, that all might have come to know God's 
 salvation, and the redemption of their souls. His 
 great diligence was known unto many, that his 
 only rejoicing was in the prosperity of the work of 
 the Lord, and the increase of faith amongst them 
 that did believe. 
 
 " His heart was much drawn towards this city, 
 and oftentimes hath he said to me, when sufferings 
 did come for the Gospel's sake, which he knew 
 would come, ' I can freely go to that city, and lay 
 down my life for a testimony of that truth which I 
 have declared through the power and Spirit of 
 God:' which, in the end, indeed, came to be his 
 share, and will for ever be his crown, who loved not 
 his life unto death for the testimony of our Lord 
 Jesus Christ.
 
 400 TESTIMONIES. 
 
 " In the same year, 1662, being pressed in his 
 spirit to go visit them who were begotten unto 
 the faith of God's elect at the city of Bristol, 
 and in divers other counties, he took his leave 
 of them, saying to very many, ' that he did not 
 know he should see their faces any more;' ex- 
 horting them all to faithfulness and steadfastness 
 in that wherein they had found rest for their 
 souls. To some he said, ' I am going up to the 
 city of London again, to lay down my life for 
 the Gospel, and suffer amongst Friends in that 
 place.' 
 
 " A little after his return to the city, at a public 
 meeting, which the people of the Lord have kept 
 these many years, to hear and speak of the things 
 of God to edification, at the Bull and Mouth, near 
 Aldersgate by certain soldiers, under the com- 
 mand of Richard Brown, then General of the city 
 of London, he was violently plucked down, and 
 haled away in a barbarous manner, and carried to 
 the guard, and so committed to Newgate ; not for 
 evil-doing, but for testifying unto the name of the 
 Lord Jesus, and for the worship of God ; as though 
 this were become a great crime, worthy of bonds, 
 and at last death. He was had to the sessions in 
 the Old Bailey, and his accusers were witnesses 
 against him; and they that had abused him 
 violently, their testimony was received as good 
 proof against him. 
 
 " After two or three sessions he was fined by the 
 court one hundred marks, which, at last, was
 
 TESTIMONIES. 401 
 
 reduced to twenty marks, and to lay in prison until 
 payment ; where he continued a pretty long season, 
 about eight months, with six or seven score prison- 
 ers besides, upon the same account ; many being 
 shut up among the felons in nasty places, and for 
 want of prison room, the natures of many were 
 suffocated and corrupted, till at last they grew 
 weak, sickened and died." 
 
 After relating the circumstances of his sickness 
 and death, which have already been given in the 
 Memoir, he thus concludes : 
 
 " And after a little season he gave up the ghost, 
 and died a prisoner, and shall be recorded, and is iii 
 the Lamb's book of life, as a martyr for the Word 
 of God, and testimony of Jesus, for which only he 
 suffered, and gave up his life, whose death was 
 precious in the eyes of the Lord. But now he ever 
 liveth with God, and his works follow him, and his 
 labours shall testify of him in generations to come ; 
 and thousands beside myself can bear witness, his 
 life and death was to the praise, honour, and glory 
 of the grace of God ; unto whom be the glory of 
 all his works for ever. Amen." 
 
 George Whitehead says respecting him : " As 
 for Edward Burrough, our dear brother and com- 
 panion in travel, suffering and consolation for the
 
 402 TESTIMONIES. 
 
 everlasting Gospel's sake in his day, his testimony 
 lives with us. He was a preacher of righteousness, 
 and one who travailed for the redemption of the 
 creature from under the bondage of corruption, and 
 proclaimed liberty to the captives, in the power and 
 authority of God. Therein he was a true witness 
 against oppression, and all the antichristian yokes 
 imposed in the night of apostacy upon the persons 
 and consciences of people. Truly and valiantly he 
 held forth the liberty of conscience, and vindicated 
 it to the great men of the earth, in things apper- 
 taining to God in matters of religion and worship, 
 against persecution and compulsion which had their 
 original and rise from the power of the beast, which 
 hath made war against the righteous seed, that men 
 might be left free to the guidance of the infallible 
 Spirit of God, which is not to be limited in these 
 matters, and not to be compelled or brought under 
 the corrupt wills of men, nor their fallible judgments, 
 nor invented forms in these cases. 
 
 " The name of this minister of righteousness is 
 written in the Lamb's book of life; and all the 
 enemies of his life can never be able to blot it out, 
 nor extinguish his memorial. The remembrance of 
 his integrity, uprightness, and sincerity, hath deep 
 impression upon my heart ; and that tender love 
 and affection in God's truth which he was filled 
 with towards all the upright, who are lovers of peace 
 and unity in the Lord, is never to be forgotten by 
 us who are yet remaining in the work of the Lord, 
 and the everlasting Gospel, for which he hath left a
 
 TESTIMONIES. 403 
 
 glorious testimony, the glory of which shall never 
 be extinguished, but thousands shall praise the 
 Lord our God because thereof. 
 
 " To live, was to him Christ, and to die was gain. 
 And though in his time many were the sufferings 
 and afflictions which he underwent, and his upright 
 spirit suffered by, both from his open enemies and 
 persecutors in the world, because of his valour and 
 courage for the truth of God, and from deceitful 
 and transforming exalted spirits, which burden the 
 holy seed ; yet now his life is caught up above them 
 all, and is out of their reach in the transcendent 
 and unspeakable glory, in the everlasting habitation 
 of God's power, where he hath shined, and doth 
 shine, among the stars that have kept their habi- 
 tations, as one that hath turned many to righteous- 
 ness, and that hath overcome by the blood of the 
 Lamb and the word of his testimony. And though 
 he be ceased from his labours, his works do follow 
 him, which will be had in living remembrance, and 
 precious esteem among the upright. 
 
 " And they who, in a prejudiced spirit of enmity, 
 are lifted up because of his decease, are not worthy 
 of him, nor of his testimony. They have cause to 
 inourn and lament amongst those that have pierced 
 the just, and slighted and despised the messengers 
 of truth and righteousness, whom God hath therein 
 honoured ; and God will debase such and their vain- 
 glory unto the dust, and exalt the testimony and 
 life of his faithful witnesses over all their heads. 
 
 " But we, who have been well acquainted with
 
 404 TESTIMONIES. 
 
 the deep suffering of the righteous seed, and with 
 the worth of true unity, in the weighty body and 
 Spirit of Christ, and therein do behold the glory 
 and completeness of the city of our God, which is 
 at peace within itself, cannot but prize the ministers 
 of righteousness, and every member of the same 
 body. How blessed and precious is the memorial 
 of the righteous in our eyes ! and how deeply is my 
 soul affected with that comfortable communion, 
 and those many and living refreshments that we 
 have enjoyed one with another, even with him and 
 others, who have finished their course ! 
 
 " In this I am satisfied, that though we be left 
 in travel, and our days have been days of affliction 
 and suffering, for Christ and the Gospel's sake, as 
 in the world ; yet in him, whom the prince of this 
 world hath nothing in, we have peace ; being come 
 into communion with the spirits of just men, who 
 are the family of God, written in heaven, and called 
 by one name both in heaven and earth. 
 
 " GEOBGE WHITEHEAD. 
 
 " London, the 12th day of the First month, 1663." 
 
 J. UNWIN, Gresham Steam Press, 31, Bucklersbury, London.
 
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