FROM THE MAGNETIC OBSEEVATORY, TORONTO. G. T. KINGSTON, liirector. PHILLIPS LIBRARY HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY. I MEAN METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS AT TORONTO FOR THE TEAR 1864. BY fl. T. KINGSTON, M.A. lillitVroli OK T1IK PROVINCIAL MAGNETIC OBSKKTATOKT, TORONTO. THE mean temperature of the year 1864 was 44.70, or 0.53 in excass of the average of twenty-five years. The deviation of the monthly means above or below their respective averages, and irre- spective of sign, had an average amplitude of 1.36 ; thus indicating a year of unusually equable temperature, the average amplitude in twenty-five yearn being 2. 33. The mean deviations of temperature in the lour .seasons, with their proper signs, were : 0.33 in Winter ; + 0. 79 in Spring ; -f-2.27 in Summer; and 0.60 in Autumn. As regards rain and snow, there was, on the whole year, an excess amounting to 0.655 inches of water. An excess occurred in Winter, Spring, and Autumn the total precipitation exceeding the average by 1.130 inches in Winter, 1'788 inches in Spring, and 0.186 inches in Autumn. In Summer, the rain was deficient as compared with the average by 2.405 inches. This deficiency was not much greater than that of the summer of 1863 ; but the distribution among the three summer months was very different in the two years, for while in the summer of 1803 there was a moderate deficiency in each month, the rain in June, 1864, was less than one-fifth, and in July little over one-third of the average fall ; that of August being above the average in the ratio cf 5 to 3 nearly. In the following summary several of the results for the year 1864 are compared with the averages derived from a series of years as well as with extreme values of analagous results given by the same series. TEMPERATURE. 1864. Average of 25 years. Extremes. W-70 July. 89.73 January. ZZ,7 1(5. 11 1 I'.ftj May. 3.1 June 25. 81-77 Feb. 17. 44.17 July. ti(i. 98 February. 22.99 .!>!> 2.33 January. 11 77.45 ! 1.02 90.6 12.4 103.0 4S3fi in '46. July, 1X54. 72.47 Jan. 1S57. 12. 75 3.58 in 1857. Jan. 1827. 10.8 July 12. '43. 82.32 Feb. 6, '55 ) Jan. 22, '57 5 42.1i'5fi. Aug. 18M. 64.4K Feb. 1843. 26. CO 1.36 in 'ill. July 31, '44. 72.7.-, Dec. 22, '42. +o.r,7 Aug. 19, '40. 82.4 Jan. 2, 42. + 1.9 87. Mean temperature of the warmest month Mean temperature of the coldest month Difference, between the temperatures of the \ the warmest and tlu; coldest months ^ Mean of deviations of monthly means from") their respective averages of '25 years, signs ; Months of greatest deviation, without re- 1 Corresponding magnitude of deviation Mean temperature of the warmest day Coldest day Date of the highest temperature Aug. 8. 94 Feb. 17. 15.0 109.0 Aug. 24, '54. 99-2 Jan. 26, '69. 26.5 118.2 Highest temperature Date of lowest temneraturo Lowest temperature RauKe of the year REGISTER 65. , Canada Welt. MAGN MEAN MF.TKOROLOGICAL RKSULT* BAROMETER. .'Average . 1864. I of : 18 years. : Kxtreires. Mean pressure of the year 29- 5590 29.6133 <29.6679 ill 29. 5596 ill Month of highest mean pressure June. September / 1849. June, 1849. 18U4. June, 1864. Highest mean monthly pressure . . . ".'."I.")!-" >'.i. i;i;-".i 29-8030 29 6545 Month of lowest mean pressure Mav. March, 185D Nov 1849 Lowest mean monthly pressure jy.4721 29.5624 29.4215 2'.t . 5SU3 Date of highest pressure in the year j Highest pressure Dec. 9, } 10a.m. 5 30.327 Average of 9 years. 30.372 Jan. 1855, 30.552 Dec. 1S.14. 30.245 Date of lowest pressure in the vcar J Nov. 4, I March, 1859 March 1858 Lowest pressure 2 p.m. 5 2S.H71 28.592 28.286 28.849 Range of the year .. . 1 . (156 1.780 J 2.106 1.429 ( in 1859. in I860. RELATIVE HUMIDITY. 1864. Average of 20 years. Extremes. Mean humidity of the year 76 Dec., Jan. and Feb. 82 J une. 63 7* } Jan. 83 Mav. 72 S3 in 1851. Jan. 1857. 89 Feb. 1843. 58 73 in 1858. Dec. 1858. 81 April. 1S49. 76 Month of greatest humidity . . < Mouth of least humidity Leaat moan monthly humidity EXTENT OF SKY CLOUDED. ! Average ' of 12 years. Extremes. Mean cloudiness of the year fl.65 0.60 Most cloudy month December December Greatest monthly mean of cloudiness 0.80 0.7.1 Least cloudy month June. : August. Lowest monthly mean of cloudiness j O.:j0 *0.47 0.65 0.30 *0.45 * The average lowest monthly mean of cloudiness in column (2) is the least of the 1 he twelve monthly means derived each from twelve years, and docs not include the lowest months in each year, as these fall differently in different years. This explains why the hiffke.it minimum in column (4) should be less than the average minimum. The average value of the greatest as well as of the least monthly means of the several elements, and given in column (2), are similarly obtained, and therefore do not necessarily lie between the numbers in columns (3) anil (4). In the case of the wannest days, or the highest temperatures in each year, and other analogous quantities, the averages in column (2) are derived from the corresponding values in each year, independently of the time of their oecnrrcuce. and must of necensity lie ba- U\ ecu thr numbers in cnltinnis (3) and (4.) AT TORONTO FOR THE YEAR 1864. WIND. 1864. Result of 17 years. Extremes. N76W 2.49 7.40 January. 10.22 June. 4.53 Jan. 1. 28.37 June 17. Calm. Nov. 10, I to 2 a.m. 40.2 N59W 1.83 6.88 March. 8.67 July. 4.97 I March, I860. 12.41 AUK. 1SS2. 3.30 Jan. 1848. 5.82 Sept. 1860. 5.79 Mean velocity, without regard to direction ... Least daily mean velocity RAIN. 1S64. Average of 23 years. Extremes. 29.486 132 August. 5.060 October. 22 Aug. 26. 1.324 Aug. 26, 4 to 5 p.m. 0.770 29.955 1 108 [ November 3.765 October. 13 2.067 43.555 in 1843. 130 in 1861. Sept. 1843. 9.760 Oct. 1864. 22 Sept. 14,1843 3.155 21.505 in 1856. 80 in 1841. Sept 1848. 3.115. May, 1841. 11 Sept. 14,1848 1.000 Month in which the ereatest depth of rain fell Month in which days of rain were most fre- > Greatest number of rainy days in one month Day in which the greatest amount of rain fell SNOW. 1864. Average Extremes. 74.6 70 December 27.1 December 18 Jan. 19. Dec. 21. 10 63.4 59 February. 18.1 December 13 8.5 J 99.0 i in 1855. j 87 \ in 1859. Feb. 1846. 46.1 ( Dec. 1859. \ Jan. 1861. 23 Feb.5,1863 [ 16 38.4 in 1851. 33 in 1848. Dec. 1851. 10.7 ^Feb. 1848. 8 Feb. 26,1854 Jan. 10, 1857 5.5 Month in which the greatest depth of snow fell Greatest depth of snow in one month Month in which days of snow were most ? Greatest numberof days of snow in one month Day in which the greatest amount of snow C fell ( Greatest fall of snow in one day The accompanying table is a general abstract of the Meteorological Observations made at the Magnetic Observatory, Toronto, during the year 1864. REGISTER 165. i, Canada West. MEAN METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS GENERAL ME TE ORO LO GI C A Provincial Magnetical Obse LATITUDE, 43 39' 4" North; LONGITUDE, 5h. 17m. 33s. West. Elevation ab JAN. FEB. MAK. APE. MAT JUNE. Ju 22.70 0.82 10.01 24.32 + 1.33 10.38 o 29.12 0.74 10.98 40.95 0.01 9.25 o 54.81 + 3.13 3.29 63.03 + 1.0'.' - 1.57 69 + 2 + 1 90 49 41 79 59 29 31 Difference from average (25 years),.. Thermic anomaly (Lat.4340 ( ) 44.2 9.0 53.2 29.58 17.51 12.07 26.9 45.0 15.0 60.0 31.52 18.94 12.58 37.4 50.2 3.0 47.2 35.59 22.44 13.16 28.4 69.4 28.1 31.3 47.48 34.61 12.87 24.4 79 32.2 46.8 C2.88 46.20 16.67 26.2 93.4 34.8 S8.6 73.06 52.87 20.19 31.7 Mean minimum temperature M A (j JN 29.58S7 .0447 29.4914 .1208 29.5082 -.0741 29.5968 + .0098 29.4721 .1125 29.6545 + .0921 29.6 + .0 Difference from average (18 years)... 30.102 28.910 1.192 30.124 29.009 1.115 30.067 28.829 1.238 29.964 29.801 0.663 29.788 29.166 0.622 29.961 29.007 954 29. 21). 0. Monthly and annual ranges .82 .82 .80 .75 .75 .63 .6 r&r //? .110 .119 .135 194 .333 380 .4 .07 .72 .66 .74 .68 + .15 .30 .22 .4 .0 difference from average (12 years)... .05 + .01 + .06 + .15 Resultant direction of the wind a 73 w 6.00 10.22 +2.22 8 84 W 6.48 10.11 + 1.77 K53 W 2.29 8.41 0.26 N 41 E 3.39 7.77 0.29 NT W 1.86 5.61 0.95 X 55 W 1.72 4.53 0.74 S 61 2. 6. + 1. " velocity of the wind Difference from average (17 years)... Total amount of rain Difference from average (24 & 25 yrs ) 1.165 0.166 5 0.39T 0.603 2 1.C20 + 0.0,8 9 3.IW3 + 1.200 16 4.070 + 0.864 18 0.570 2.297 5 1. -2. 26.3 + 11. IS 14 9.5 8.55 14 3.7 5.40 12 3.5 + 1.10 3 0.0 - 0.09 2. Difference from average (22 years)... 14 18 It It 13 25 4 2 ' 3 6 Possible to see aurora (Xo. of nights). 11 11 15 10 12 24 1 TT A d 5 2 ! II AT TORONTO FOR THE YEAR 1864. REGISTER FOR THE YEAR 1864. atory, Toronto, Canada West. Lake Ontario, !OS Feet; approximate Elevation above the Sea, 342 Feet. AUG. SEPT. OCT. Nov. DEC. Year 1864. Tear 1863. Tear 1862. Tear 1861. Tear 1860. Tear 1869. Tear 1858. 08.58 + 2.37 + 0.08 o 56.38 1.48 6.14 o 45.17 0.48 8.63 36.91 + 0.16 6.29 2-1.66 1.50 11.34 44.70 + 0.53 - 6.30 o 44.57 + 0.40 6.43 44.35 + 0.18 6.65 o 44.22 + 0.05 6.78 41.32 + 0.15 6.68 o 44.19 + 0.02 6.81 44.74 + 0.67 6.26 94.0 47.0 47.0 73.0 37.8 35.2 67 28.0 39.0 60.2 21.0 39.2 50.4 10.4 60.8 94.0 15.0 109.0 88.0 19.8 107.8 95.5 5.2 100.7 87.8 20.8 108.6 88.0 8.6 96.5 88.0 26.5 114.5 90.2 7.3 97.5 77.24 61.41 15.83 29.2 63.94 48.96 14.98 27.0 52.05 39.73 12.32 26.0 42.85 31.31 11.53 24.2 32.23 19.71 12.52 31.4 14.57 87.4 14.73 39.6 14.43 37.0 14.42 83.3 14.24 30.7 13.66 39.8 13.84 31.2 29.5150 .0763 29.6097 .0532 29.5207 --,1293 29.5790 .0349 29.5198 .1282 29.6596 .0537 29.6536 + .0403 29.6248 + .0115 29.6008 .0125 30.330 28.644 1.686 29.5923 .0210 29.6209 + .0076 29.6267 + .0134 29.80:i 29.099 0.764 29.975 29.230 0.745 29.890 29.026 0.864 30.126 28.671 1.455 30.327 28.854 1.473 30.327 28.671 1.656 30.502 28.704 1.798 30.469 28.805 1.664 30.267 28.838 1.429 30.392 28.286 2.106 30.408 28.849 1.659 .73 75 .80 .78 .82 0.76 0.77 0.77 0.78 0-77 0.74 0.7S .516 .347 .248 .182 .121 .263 .266 .262 .262 .260 .249 .269 .70 + .23 .58 + .08 .74 + .11 75 + .01 .80 + .05 0.6S + .06 0.61 + .01 0.63 + .03 0.62 + .02 0.60 .00 0.61 + .01 0.60 .00 N 70 w 1.38 4.75 0.43 s 38 w 1.89 7.06 +1.52 If 60 w 3.17 6.66 +0.52 3 72 w 3.82 7.64 + 0.17 8 82 w 4.94 9.98 +1.66 76 W 2.49 7.40 +0.54 If 41 w 1.34 7.13 +0.27 If 48 W 2.03 7.33 +0.47 If 56 W 2.11 7.47 +0.61 If 60W 3.32 8.55 + 1.69 If 61 W 2.24 8.17 +1.31 If 41 W 1.59 7.64 +0.78 5.060 +2.034 16 2.508 1.222 11 3.321 + 0.791 22 3.765 + 0.617 11 2.015 +0.404 9 29.486 -0.469 182 26.483 3.472 130 25.529 4.426 118 26.995 2.960 136 23.484 6.521 130 33.274 +3.319 127 28.051 1.904 131 limp. 0.78 1 4.5 + 1.38 8 27.1 +12.41 18 74.6 +11.24 70 62.9 0.46 74 85.4 + 22.04 72 74.8 +11.44 76 46.6 17-76 75 64.9 + 1.64 87 45.4 17.96 67 15 19 9 12 9 180 181 189 165 174 169 178 6 4 2 1 34 41 48 43 68 53 59 12 14 11 9 10 158 182 176 180 190 1 199 198 5 4 20 24 24 27 SO 30 19 REGISTER !65. >. Canada Welt. UNIVBBBITY e 8F MAGN HA GENERAL METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER FOR THE YEAR 1865. Provincial Magnetieal Obstreatory, Toronto, Canada Wat. / At (ir-u C RESULTS or METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS MADE AT THE MAGNETICAL OBSERVATORY, TORONTO, CANADA WEST, DURING THE YE^RS I860, 1861, & 1862. TORONTO: PKINTED BY W. C. CHEWETT & CO., 17 & 19 KING STREET EAST. 1864 PRINTED AT THE STEAM PRESS ESTABLISHMENT OF W. C. CHEWETT 5.01 1.99 > 1.48 Year 6.50 > 6.50 2.20 > 2.08 In Tables VIII. and IX. the abnormal variations of temperature, with their proper signs, are arranged according to the eight principal points of the direction of the wind. In Table VIII. the half-yearly and yearly means are given for the three years separately as well as collectively. It is seen that with a N.E.- wind and a west wind the temperature was above the normal in some half-years and below it in others, without reference to the season ; with east and S.E. winds the temperature was above the normal in each winter and below the normal in each summer, and with winds from S. and S.W. the temperature was above the normal in each separate half-year. Table IX. gives the monthly and yearly means of the abnormal digressions of temperature for the several winds, on the average of the three years, together with the yearly means from 1853 to 1859. The varia- tions which accompany the N.E. and west winds have different signs in the two series. This contrariety of sign is partly occisioned by the proximity of these points to the line, which, in the earlier series, was found to separate the relatively warm from the relatively cold winds. Another cause of this disagreement is the fact that many winds which were considered, in the later series, as belonging to the N.E. group, blew from points that were included in the N.N.E. and E.N.E. groups in the earlier series. A similar remark is applicable to the west winds. In Table X. a classification has been made of the larger deviations of temperature, including all those cases during the t en years, 1853 to 1 862, wherein the observed temperature differed to the extent of 15 and upwards from the normal proper to the day and hour. It will be seen, taking one month with another, that the excessively low temperatures are more than twice as numerous, as well as of greater average deviation, than those which are relatively high. The general excess in the number of low temperatures is due to their large preponderance in the winter months ; for in summer and autumn the high temperatures exceed in number the low temperatures. The quarterly and annual numbers, and average extent of the extraordinary deviations, of both signs, as well as when considered without regard to sign, are as follows : Winter. Spring. Summer. Autumn. Year. High temperatures Number 176 91 68 110 445 Average deviation... 18.2 17.6 16.7 1.9 18.0 Low temperatures Number 645 184 29 52 910 Average deviation... 2L9 19.6 170 17.7 21.0 Both signs Number 821 275 97 162 1355 Average deviation... 21.1 18.9 16.8 18.5 26.0 viii. INTRODUCTION. In Table XI. the temperatures thafr exceeded the normal to the extent of 15 and upwards during the ten years, 1853 to 1862, are classified according to the simultaneous direction of the wind. In the four columns marked (1) are entered, for each of the four seasons, the absolute number of times that each wind accompanied an excessively high temperature. Now as some winds, other things being the same, are more numerous than others, it is necessary that the numbers in (1) should be divided by numbers proportional to the relative frequency of the several winds, without reference to temperature, during the same period of ten years. The requisite divisors, derived from Table LXVI.,* are contained in the four columns marked (2). The quotients arising from the division of the numbers in (1) by those in (2), and which are entered in (3), are expressed severally in terms of their respective means for all winds in column (4). The cases embraced in the ten years are not sufficiently numerous to yield very decided results ; but as far as they go, they shew that with excessively high temperatures the south and S.S E. winds are most frequent in winter, the S.S.W. and S.W. winds in spring and autumn, while in summer the west and W.S.W. winds most commonly accompany the excessively high temperatures. Table XII. shews the results similarly obtained for the excessively low temperatures. In Table XIII. are given, for each month and for each of the three years, the mean changes in the temperature, without regard to sign, that take place in 24 hours, between 6 A.M. and 6 A.M. on consecu- tive days. Taking the three years together, the average change of temperature in 24 hours is 6.l, the greatest change (9. 6,) occurring in February, and the least (4.!,) in July. 'Ihe quarterly means for the nine years, 1854 to 1862, are 9. 13 in winter, 5. 27 in spring, 4.07 in summer, and 6.50 in autumn ; the general annual mean for the nine years being 6. 25. In Table XtV. the mean diurnal changes of temperature, with their proper signs, are arranged according to the resultant direction of the wind during the day in which the change took place. It is seen that with a resultant wind from N.W. or W., the temperature is lowered in every month, and that with a resultant wind from any other point the temperature is raised on the average of the year as well as in most months separately. The exceptions may be traced to the circumstance that the resul- tants in certain directions are not sufficiently numerous in some months to allow the effect of accidental anomalies to be overpowered and rendered inappreciable. In Table XV. the highest and lowest temperatures that occurred in each month are given for each year separately, as well as for the average of the three years, 1860 to 1862, accompanied by the corres- ponding averages for the six previous years, 1854 to 1859. * TABLE LXVI. Relative frequency of the several winds, including calms, in each of the four quarters, for the period 1853-'62 (Seepages xvi. and 65.) N. N.N.E. N.E. EN.K. E. E.S.E. S.E. S.S.E. S. S.S.W. S.W. W.S.W. w. W.NW. N.W. N.N.W. Calms. 1 18 88 87 75 85 40 03 9 4 24 71 1 46 2 29 1 97 1 31 1.23 1.40 0.99 1 03 63 76 1 45 1 73 75 47 4 9 66 1 01 88 79 1 13 1 45 1.54 1.51 0.79 1 01 67 62 98 1 34 78 58 72 1 29 1 53 97 57 79 1 0(5 1.41 1.57 1.11 AUTUMN 1 07 77 77 1 02 1 13 56 42 48 74 1 14 1 15 1 23 1.26 1.37 1.21 1 25 1.43 INTRODUCTION. IX. BAROMETRIC TABLES. The means or approximate normals employed as standards of comparison in the barometric tables (Tables XVI. to XXVI.) are the hourly means in each month, derived from the observations of eighteen years. Table XVI. gives the monthly means of the barometer corrected to temperature 32 Faht., at each of the six observation hours, in the years 1860, '61, and '62. The final columns of each monthly part of this table, which contain the means of the six preceding columns, are exhibited ia one view by Table XVII ; while in Table XVIII. are collected the hourly means at the foot of each monthly part of Table XVI. Table XIX. shews the monthly averages of the extent of the barometric abnormal oscillations. The numbers whose averages are given in this table are the differences, without regard to sign, between the observed height of the barometer and the assumed normal proper to the month and hour. The annual distribution is in general accordance with that given in the comparative table for the period 1854 to 1859, the quarterly means for the two series being as follows : Spring. Summer. Autumn. Winter. 1860-62 0.191 0.128 0.175 0.234 1854-59 0.190 0.122 0.191 0.230 1854-62 0.190 0.1L4 0.186 0.231 It thence appears that the extent of the barometric oscillations in winter is nearly twice as great as in summer, and that in the spring and autumn the oscillations are nearly equal. In Table XX. are exhibited the mean abnormal variations of the barometric pressure in the different hours. On the average of the year, although the range in the extent of the abnormal digressions is small the progression is regular for the three years, 1860-'62, as well as for the six preceding years ; the most disturbed hour being 8 A.M. and the most tranquil hour 10 P.M. A somewhat similar conclusion results from Table XXI., in which is given, for each month and hour, the probable variability of an hourly mean in a single year, computed from the squares of the differences between the hourly means of any month in- each year, from 1854 to 1862, and the average for the same hour and month derived from nine years. By comparing the quarterly and yearly means of the numbers in Table XXI. with those of the abnormal variations for the same nine years, it is seen that the progression, as respects the hours of greater and less barometric disturbance, unlike that which has been noticed with regard to the disturbances of tem- perature, is not subject to any well marked change of character in the different seasons. The quarterly and yearly means are contained in the annexed table. MEAN ABNORMAL VARIATIONS. MEANS OF PROBABLE VARIABILITIES. QUARTERS. QUARTERS. Winter. Spring. Summer. Autumn. Year. Winter. Spring. Summer. Autumn. Year. h 2 .236 .194 .127 .188 .186 .0382 .0416 .0311 .0394 .0376 4 .232 .189 .122 .182 .181 .0366 .0409 .0299 .0381 .0364 10 .226 .182 .115 .181 .176 .0348 .0391 .0294 .0389 .0355 12 .226 .184 .116 .184 .177 .0348 .0396 .0294 .0401 .0360 18 .233 .194 .131 .189 .187 .0408 .0426 .0337 .0407 .0395 20 .235 .199 .130 .192 .189 .0415 .0432 .0332 .0402 .0395 X. INTRODUCTION. Tables XXII. and XXIII. give the mean abnormal variations of the barometer that accompany winds from the eight principal points. From comparing the yearly means derived from the three years, 1860-'62, with those for the seven years, 1853-'59, it appears that the general character of the two results are the same, and the means nearly identical in some cases. In both series the barometer is above the normal when the wind is from N., N.E., E., S.E., and S., and below the normal when the wind is from S.W., W., and N.W. ; the greatest elevation accompanying a north wind and the greatest depression occurring with a S.W. wind. The half- yearly means shew, as far as the observations of three years are competent to shew it, that the south wind accompanies a low barometer in winter and a high barometer in summer, and that the reverse is the case with the N.W. wind. In judging of the resemblance between the earlier and later series, it is to be remembered that in the more recent series, many winds are included among the eight principal points, which, for the series 1853-'59, were reckoned as belonging to the intermediate points. Tables XXIV. and XXV. are derived from the differences between the corrected readings of the barometer at 6 A.M. on consecutive days, Sundays and other holidays being included. The results in Table XXIV. are obtained by dividing the aggregate change, without regard to sign, in each month by the number of changes, i. e. by the number of days in the month. The correspondence in the two series is on the whole tolerably close, the maximum occurring in either January or February, and the minimum in either July or August. Combining the two series, the greatest monthly average change in twenty-four hours is 0.281 in January, and the least 0.121 in July, the annual mean being 0.198. The quarterly means are as follows : Winter. Spring. Summer. Autumn. 1860 to 1862 0.273 0.197 0.137 0.192 1854 to 1859 0.269 0.211 0.121 0.189 1854 to 1862 0.270 0.206 0.126 0.190 In Table XXV. are given the quotients arising from the division of the algebraical sum of the changes that accompanied each resultant wind by the number of the resultant winds in the same month and direc- tion. The numbers in the final column are derived from the sums and numbers of the changes corres ponding to each wind, and will not therefore be generally equal to the arithmetic means of the numbers in the monthly columns. From both series it is seen that the barometer rises on the average of the year when the resultant wind is from N., N.W., and W., and that it falls with a resultant wind from other quarters. It is also found, both from Table XXV. and the analogous table in the volume for 1854-59, that these statements hold good in nearly every month taken separately. A comparison of the signs of Tables XX. V. and XXIII. corresponding to the several winds, brings out the fact that the same winds that accompany a relatively high barometer are for the most part those that, as resultants, accompany a fall ; and that the winds that correspond to a low barometer commonly accompany a rise. TABLES RELATIVE TO THE PRESSURE OF DRY AIR (TABLES xxvii. TO xxxvi). The approximate normals of reference for the pressure of dry air are the hourly means in each month on the average of eighteen years. Table XXVII. gives the monthly means of the pressure of dry air at each of the six observation hours in the years 1860, 1861, and 1862. The final columns of each monthly part are collected in Table XXVIII., and the lowest horizontal lines in Table XXIX. INTRODUCTION xi. Tables XXX. and XXXI. give, for each month and for each of the six observation hours, the mean abnormal variations of the pressure of dry air. The following are the quarterly means of the abnormal variations of the pressure of dry air, together with those of the barometric pressure ; both being derived from the same three years : Spring. Summer. Autumn. Winter. Year. Dry Air 0.215 0.184 0.211 0.258 0.217 Barometer 0.191 0.128 0.175 0.233 0.183 The maxima and minima are as follows : Maxima. Minima. Dry Air 0.282 in December ; 0.167 in July; Barometer 0.257 in December; 0.144 in August. From Table XXXI. a faint trace of a diurnal period is observable, bettor marked in winter than in summer, the mean digression on the average of the year being slightly less at 10 P.M. than at 2 P.M. and tho> morning hours. The following are the half-yearly and yearly means of the abnormal variations, without regard to sign, at the different hours. h h h h h h 2 4 10 12 18 20 Winter 0.241 0.237 0.237 0.237 0.241 0.242 Summer 0.198 0.197 0.188 0.190 0.198 0.196 Year 0.220 0.217 0.213 0.213 0.219 0.219 In Tables XXXII. and XXXIII. the abnormal variations, with their proper signs, are arranged according to the simultaneous direction of the wind. From Table XXXII. it is seen that the pressure of dry air, as in the case of the barometer, is above the normal with the wind from N. and N.E. in both half-years, and below the normal with a wind from S.W. or W.; it is also above the normal in summer and below it in winter with a south wind. Unlike the total barometric pressure however, the pressure of dry air is above the normal in both seasons with a N.W. wind ; and while in both seasons, with S.E. and E. winds, the barometer is above the normal, the pressure of dry air, though above the normal on the average of the year, is below the normal in winter. The annual means have the same signs as those for the total pressure, excepting that the pressure of dry air with a N.W. wind is decidedly above the normal, and with a south wind slightly below it. In Table XXXIV. are exhibited the monthly and annual means of the changes in the pressure of dry air that take place in the 24 hours, commencing and ending with 6 A.M. The average changes in the four quarters and year, together with the corresponding averages of the total pressure, are given herewith : Spring. Summer. Autumn. Winter. Year. Dry Air 0.228 0.207 0.237 0.302 0.243 Barometer 0.197 0.137 0.192 0.273 0.199 Hence while the average change in the pressure of dry air, in the different seasons, follows the same order of progression as that of the barometer, its changes are considerably greater. The range, or ratio of the winter to the summer change, is greater for the barometer than for the dry air, the ratios being respec- tively 1.99 and 1.46. Xii. INTRODUCTION. From Table XXXV., in which the average changes of the pressure of dry air in twenty-four hours, with their proper signs, are arranged according to the daily resultant direction of the wind, we find, on the average of the year, that the pressure increases in twenty-four hours with a resultant wind from N., N.W., and W., and decreases with a resultant wind from any other quarter. It appears further, that with eight exceptions only out of the ninety-six cases, this holds good for each separate month. The greatest rise on the average of the year occurs with a N.W. resultant, and the greatest fall with one from S.E., the range amounting to 0.491. TABLES RELATIVE TO THE PRESSURE OF VAPOUR (xxxvir. TO XLVI.) The approximate normals referred to in the tables that follow are the monthly means at the six observation hours, derived from the records of eighteen years. In Table XXXVII. are given the monthly means of the pressure of vapour at each observation hour for each of the three years, 'I860, 1861, and 162. The monthly means, on the average of the six hours, are given for each year in Table XXXVIII., and the monthly means at each hour on the average of the three years in Table XXXIX. Table XL. exhibits the means of the abnormal variations of the pressure of vapour, without regard to sign, for each month in each of the years, 1860, V 61, and '62, as well as on the average of the same three years. The greatest monthly mean digression, 0.099, is in August, and the least, 0.040, occurs both in January and in March. The transition from month to month is not perfec'ly regular, but it follows in the main the annual variation of the pressure of vapour. The general similarity in the annual fluctuations of the average amount of the pressure of vapour, and of its abnormal variations, will be seen by the annexed table, from which also it appears that the irregular variation averages about one-fourth of the whole pressure of vapour. Spring. Summer. Autumn. Winter. Year. Pressure of Vapour 0.200 0.441 0.285 0.119 0.261 Abnormal Variations 0.055 0.090 0.071 0.043 0.065 It may be noticed further, that tlie digressions in the amount of vapour, as compared with the whole amount, are least in summer when the whole amount is greatest, and greatest in winter when the whole amount is least. Table XLI. shews the monthly and annual means of the abnormal variation of the pressure of vapour at each observation hour for the period 1860 to 1862. On the average of the year the abnormal digres- sion is greatest at 2 P.M. and least at 6 A.M., which are respectively tne hours of greatest and least pressure of vapour among the six hours of observation. The mean extent of the abnormal variations at 2 h P.M. and 4 h P.M. will be found to be greater than at the other hours in every month but January and February, and in every quarter but the winter. By comparing the annual means of the abnormal variations at the six different hours with the annual means of the pressure of vapour at the same hours, as shewn together in the annexed table, it appears that the former are nearly one-fourth of the latter. h h h h h h 2 4 . 10 12 18 20 Pressure of Vapour 0.280 0.275 0.256 0.250 0.247 0.261 Abnormal Variations ., 0.071 0.070 0.064 0.063 0.061 0.062 INTRODUCTION. Xlil In Tables XLTI. and XLITI. the mean abnormal variations of the pressure of vapour, with their proper signs, are arranged according to the simultaneous direction of the wind. From Table XLTI. it appears that the pressure of vapour is below the normal with a wind from N., N.W., and W., on the average of the year and for both half-years, and that this is true for each year taken singly. With a wind from any other quarter the pressure of vapour is above the normal on the average of the three years, as well as on the average of the three winters ; this, excepting as regards the N.E. wind in 1^62, being also true for each separate year. With winds from N.E., E., and S.E., the pressure of vapour during the summer half-year is sometimes above and sometimes below the normal. On the average of the year the pressure is greatest with a wind from S.W., and least with a wind from N.W. In both seasons the least vapour occurs with a wind from N.W., but in winter the largest amount of vapour is with a wind from the S.E., a quarter which in summer is accompanied by an amount of vapour below the average. From Table XLIII. wherein the mean differences above or below the normal with different winds are given for every month, it is seen that the pressure of vapour is below the normal with a wind from N., N. W., and W., in every month, with one exception for the north wind and one exception for west. With winds from other points the pressure is above the normal in most months, seventeen exceptions occurring among the sixty monthly means for the said five winds. The mean changes in the pressure of vapour between 6 A.M. and 6 A.M, on consecutive days, and without regard to sign, are given for each month and year in Table XLIV. The average change for the year is 0.060, the greatest change being 0.093 in September, and the least 0.038 in January. The quar- terly means are : Spring. Summer. Autumn. Winter. 0.044 0.087 0.067 0.042 It may be seen from Table XLV., which gives the mean changes, with their proper signs arranged according to the resultant direction of the wind, that on the average of the year, as well as in each separate month, with one exception only out of the thirty-six cases, the vapour diminishes in twenty-four hours with a resultant wind from N., N.W., and N. With a resultant wind from any other quarter the vapour increases on the average of the year as well as in each separate month, with nine exceptions out of the sixty cases. The greatest increase +0.085 is with a S.E. resultant, and the greatest decrease 0.044 with a resultant from N.W. RELATIVE HUMIDITY (TABLES XLVII. TO LV.) The approximate normals with which the humidity at observation is compared, are the monthly means at each observation hour derived from the records of eighteen years. In Table XLVII. the monthly means are given for each hour and for each of the three years. The six-hour means for each of the three years are shewn in Table XL VIII., and the three-year means at each observation hour in Table XLIX. The abnormal variations without regard to sign, as given in Table L., are greatest in June, on the average of the three years, and least in December and January. The quarterly averages given in the annexed table, wherein saturation is expressed by 100, shew however that the greatest irregularity occurs in spring and the least in winter. Spring. Summer. Autimm. Winter. Year. 11.0 10.0 8.3 8.2 9,4 C XIV. INTRODUCTION. In the diurnal period the abnormal digressions, as given in Table LI., are greatest on the average of the year at 4 P.M. and least at 6 A.M. They are greater at 2 P.M. and 4 P.M., taken together, than at the other four hours, not only on the average of the year, but in each month, the monthly and quarterly averages being as follows : Jan. Feb. Mar. April May. June. July. Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. ' 2 and I 10.0 11.0 12.8 14.0 13.0 13.9 11.5 11.0 10.8 10.4 10.2 10.2 10,12,18,20.... 7.0 7.5 8.5 9.7 11.1 11.5 8.4 6.8 7.1 7.3 7.1 6.8 Spring. Summer. Autumn. Winter. Tear. 2 and 4 13.3 12.2 10.5 10.5 11.6 10, 12, 18, 2*0.... 9.8 8.9 7.2 7.1 8.2 In Tables LII. and LIII. the mean abnormal variations, with their proper signs, are arranged according to the direction of the wind. In Table LII., where the mean results are given for each half- year and each year, it sometimes occurs that with half-yearly means of opposite signs, the yearly mean has the same sign as the half-year, of which the digression is numerically the smaller of the two. This is occasioned by the excess in the number of winds in the half-year for which the mean digression is numeri- cally less, and by the fact that the annual mean is obtained by dividing the algebraical sum of all the abnormal variations accompanying the wind in question by the number of those winds. A similar expla- nation is applicable wherever cases of such apparent contradiction are found. With winds from N.E., E , and S.E., the air is relatively damp, and with winds from W., N.W., and N., the air is relatively dry. The most damp wind is from E. and the most dry wind from N.W. ; but the range is small, amounting only to 9.0. The dampness of the E. wind is greater in winter than in summer, and the dryness of the N.W. wind is greater in summer than in winter, but the range between these two winds remains nearly the same in both seasons. On referring to table LIII. it is seen that the N.W. wind is relatively dry in every month, and that the east wind, with one exception, is relatively damp in every month. Winds from N., N.W., and W., are relatively dry in every month with six exceptions out of the thirty-six cases ; winds from N.E., E., S.E., and S.W. are relatively damp, with ten exceptions out of forty-eight cases, while the S. winds, which are dry in the summer half-year and damp in winter, are dry in four of the six summer months and damp in four of the six winter months. The average change in relative humidity in twenty-four hours, without regard to sign, is shewn by Table LIV. to be 8.9 ; the greatest monthly mean being 12.4 in June, and the least 7.3 in February. The quarterly means are 10.2 in spring, 9.6 in summer, 7.8 in autumn, and 7.7 in winter. According to Table LV. the humidity on the average of the year increases in twenty-four hours when accompanied by a resultant wind from N.E., E., S.E., and S., and diminishes with a resultant from S.W., W., N.W., and N. ,- the greatest increase of humidity being with a resultant wind from E., and the greatest diminution with one from N.W. The range between the E. and N.W. winds however, is only 6.1. It is just to remark with reference to Tables L. to LV. that the observations of only three years are materials too scanty to justify our regarding as conclusive the results that relate to the abnormal varia- tions and diurnal changes of the relative humidity. INTRODUCTION. XV. EXTENT OF SKY CLOUDED (TABLES LVIII. TO LXI.) In Table LVIII. the monthly and annual means of the extent of sky clouded (the hemisphere being unity,) are given for each of the six observation hours, and for each of the three years. Table LIX. contains the final columns of the several monthly parts of Table LVIII., and Table LX. the lower lines of the same monthly parts. From Table LIX. we find, on the average of the last three, as well as on that of the preceding six years, that December and August are the most cloudy and the least cloudy months respectively. The mean amounts of cloudiness in each quarter are proportional to the following numbers, the annual mean being unity : Winter. Spring. Summer. Autumn. 1854-'59 1.22 0.97 0.81 1.04 1860-'62 1.19 0.92 ' 0.82 1.05 Table LX. shews that 2 P.M. is the most cloudy hour on the average of the year, in both series, and that 10 P.M., or midnight, are the hours most free from clouds. If the monthly means at the several hours given in this table, as well as those~from the corresponding table in the preceding volume, be com- bined in quarterly averages, it is found that in every quarter 10 P.M. and midnight are nearly equally cloudy, and that they are less cloudy than other hours. In both series the amount of cloud at 2 P.M. in winter, is equalled or exceeded by that at 6 A.M. and 8 A.M.; but, excepting in the summer quarter for 1860-'62, when 2 P.M. is very decidedly in excess, the difference between the hours 6 A.M., 8 A.M., 2 P.M.? and 4 P.M., with respect to the amount of cloud, never exceeds .04. The diurnal ranges in the four quarters are as follows : Winter. Spring. Summer. Autumn. 1854-'59 11 12 16 12 1860-'62 10 11 18 8 The extent of sky clouded under different surface winds is shewn in Table LXI. On the average of the whole year it appears from both series that there are two maxima ; the principal one between E. and N.E., and the second at or about S.W. There are also two minima; one at or about S., and the other between N. and N.W. The two minima are nearly equal in the earlier series, but in the last three years the lowest minimum is decidedly at N.W. As the number of times any given wind blows is not the same in different months, neither the annual nor quarterly means under different winds can be deduced with strictness from the numbers in this table. But if, in order to form an approximate estimate of the general character of the progression in the amount of cloud from point to point of the compass that occurs in the different seasons, the monthly means corresponding to the different winds be grouped in quarterly averages, it is found that the double progression disappears in the winter and autumn, the minimum in both of these seasons being at N.W., and the winter maximum at or to tne south of E. In spring and summer the progression is double, the principal maximum, as before, is between E. and N.E.; but in spring the prin- cipal minimum is between S. and S.E., while in summer the principal minimum is decidedly at N.W. ON THE COMPARATIVE DURATION OF THE SURFACE WINDS FROM THE SIXTEEN PRINCIPAL POINTS, AN D THE ANNUAL DISTRIBUTION OF EACH SEPARATE WIND WITH RESPECT TO ITS DURATION (TABLES LXII. TO LXVIIl). These tables have been constructed in a manner similar to that employed for the years 1853 to 1859, in the Toronto Meteorological Results already published. The three years, l60-'62, have been incorpo- INTRODUCTION. rated with the preceding seven years, and in order to shew the extent of the correspondence in the results of different years, the ten years, 1853-'62, have been discussed not only collectively but in two equal groups. In Table LXII. are given the absolute duration in hours of each of the sixteen winds and the calms, in each month and in the year, for the two partial periods as well as for the ten years collectively, the numbers in this table being derived from hourly records by Robinson's anemometer. The absolute durations for each quarter are given in Table LXIII. The numbers in Table LXIV. are the quotients arising from the division of the numbers in Table LXII. by the monthly and annual arithmetic means; excluding the calms ; Table LXV. being derived in a like manner from Table LXIII. According to the results furnished by the ten years, winds from S.S.W. through W. to N. are above the average of the sixteen winds on the average of the year ; but the N.W. and N.N.W. winds alone are above the average in each separate month. The E. and B.N.E. winds are above the average on the whole year, and the E. is above the average in every month but December and January. The N. wind is abov e the average in every month but March, June, and November. The S. wind is below the average on the average of the year, as well as in every month but June, July, August, and September. The principal maximum on the whole year is at N.N.W., and the principal minimum at S.E. ; there is also a second maximum at E., and a second minimum about N.N.E to N.E. The positions of the maxima and minima among the points of the compass do not remain permanently fixed through the year. Referring to Table LXV. wherein the nature of their movements will be best seen, we find that in winter the progression is single, the maximum being at W.S.W. and the minimum between S.E. and S. In spring the maximum of the winter has moved northward to N.W., but it is equalled or surpassed by the eastern maximum which has reappeared together with the second minimum at N.N.E. In summer the western maximum is broken, as it were, into two almost equal maxima, the principal one being restored to N.N.W. while the second has receded to S.S.W., the eastern becoming thereby a third maximum. The first and second minima occupy the same positions as before, while a third minimum has appeared at W.S.W. In autumn the two western maxima of the summer coalesce and jointly approach the winter position, being now at W.N.W. The eastern maximum continues but it is considerably softened down. Table LXVI., giving the quarterly ratios for the period of ten years, where calms are included in the divisors, has been formed to aid in the construction of Tables XI. and XII., wherein extraordinarily high and low temperatures are classed under the several winds. The ratios in Table LXVII. shew the annual distribution of each wind taken singly. The only instance of an uninterrupted annual period is that of the south wind, which passes continuously from its maximum in July, to its minimum in December. The winds from S.E., S.S.E., and S.S.W. follow the same order as that of the south wind in their progression, but not with equal regularity. Winds from E.S.E., E., and E.N.E. have their maxima in April or May. Proceeding from the S.S.W. towards the west, we find that the transition from month to month, in the frequency of S.W. winds, follows no definite rule ; at W.S.W. and W. the maxima are found in the cold months and the minima in the warm months, while the winds from W.N.W. through N. to N.E. are very irregular. It may be remarked how- ever, with reference to these latter, as well as to the S.W. winds, that although .irregular as regards the differences between month and month, there is a fair correspondence in the different groups of years. The general character of the annual march in the frequency of each wind taken singly, and the change in the position of the maxima in the annual period as different winds are considered, will be better seen from the quarterly averages oi the ratios of Table LXVIL, which are given in Table LXVIII. Com- INTRODUCTION. mencing at E.N.E., the quarter of maximum frequency for E.TST.E. and E. is spring ; for E.S.E. and other points through S. to S.S.VV. the greatest frequency is in summer. At S.W. a suilden breach of continuity takes place, the winter becoming the quarter of greatest frequency for winds from S.W., W.S.W., and W. With respect to winds from W.N.W. through N. to N.E. nothing of any definite character can be stated. ON THE WINDS IN THE UPPER STRATA AS SHEWN BY THE MOTION OF THE CLOUDS. (TABLES LXIX. 10 LXXIV). At each of the six observation hours a note was always made of the direction from which the clouds were moving. When the motion was too slow to be detected by the eye, or when no clouds were visible, the sky in these tables is designated as bi.-ing calm or clear. It is probable that in many instances, and especially at the night hours, the clouds have been recorded as motionless in consequence of the inability of the observer to perceive the motion, and hence in part may be explained the very large number of cases of calm sky, amounting to nearly one-third of all the observations. In Table LXIX. are given the absolute number of each upper wind, for each month as well as for the two half-years and year, as furnished by sjx observations daily during the nine years 1854-'62. The quotients resulting from the division of the numbers in Table LXIX. by the monthly, half-yearly, and yearly means, including the cases of clear and calm sky, are given in Table LXX. It is seen lhat while the winds from west are far more numerous than all other upper winds, they are exceeded in the six winter months separately and collectively by the calms, while in the summer the west- erly upper winds exceed the calms in the six months collectively, and in each of the months, June, July, August, and September. The cases of clear sky are above the average of the observations, or more than one in ten, in every month but November and December. The relative frequency of the different upper winds is seen better in Table LXXI., wherein the num- bers of Table LXIX. are expressed, in terms of the means of the eight winds, without including the cases of calm or clear sky. Of the upper currents, that from the west greatly exceeds in frequency all others ; not only on the average of the year, for which it is 3.80 times as frequent as the average frequency of all winds, but also in each month taken singly. Next in order of frequency in each month separately, is the wind from N.W., which has a more than average frequency in each single month, its relative frequency on the average of the year being 1.9 J. The S.W. wind is a little above the average of all winds in winter, and under the average in summer, while the winds from the other five points are greatly below the average in every month, the average of the ratios that express their relative frequency in the year being only 0.27. The least frequent upper wind is from the south, the next in order being the N.E. wind. In Tables LXXII. and LXXIII. the half-yearly and yearly ratios in Tables LXX. and LXXL, derived from six daily observations, are compared with the ratios from the three hours, 8 A.M., 2 P.M., and 4 P.M., and with the ratios from the hours 10 P.M., midnight, and 6 A.M. While the calms are more numerous than the west winds on the average of the year, when the six hours are reckoned together, it appears from LXXII., that for the three hours 8 A.M., 2 P.M., and 4 P.M., the west winds greatly exceed the calms on the average of the year, as well as in the winter and summer INTRODUCTION. separately, the excess being greatest in the summer. For the other three hours the calms are greatly in. excess in both seasons, and chiefly so in the winter. In Table LXXIIL, where the winds alone are compared without reference to the calm or clear sky, it is found that the west wind maintains its preponderance materially to the same extent in each group of hours. The N.W. wind is the second, and the S.W. wind the third in order of frequency, in both seasons and in both groups of hours ; but both in summer and in winter the excess of the N.W. over the S.W. wind is greatest in the night and least in the day. The annual distribution of each upper wind is given in Table LXXIV., together with the ratios expressing the relative frequency of each wind in the winter as compared with the summer. The monthly numbers are derived from those of Table LXXII. by dividing these latter by the annual means corres- ponding to each wind. The three final columns are obtained by dividing the numbers in the columns of Table LXXII. headed " winter," by the numbers in the columns headed ''summer."* From the three final columns it is seen that the N., N.W., and S.W. winds, on the average of the six hours, are nearly equally frequent in winter and in summer, the frequency in winter slightly exceeding that in summer during the day and falling short of it in the night ; the greatest disparity in the day and night occurring with the S.W. wind. The S.E. and S. winds are in excess in winter as compared with summer, both during the day and during the night. The E., N E., and W. winds are less frequent in winter than in summer at all hours, and particularly during the night. In fact, with respect to all upper winds, it may be stated that the ratios expressing their relative frequency in winter as compared with their frequency in the summer, are greater at the hours 8 A.M., 2 P.M., and 4 P.M., than at 10 P.M., midnight, and 6 A.M. The calms of winter greatly exceed in frequency those of summer, the preponderance being nearly the same at all hours. Cases of clear sky, on the contrary, are most frequent in summer, their preponderance in summer being the same for both groups of hours. In Table LXXV. are collected the absolute number of each upper wind at each separate observation hour, together with the aggregate number in each of the two groups of hours, namely at 10 P.M., midnight, and 6 A.M., and at 8 A.M., 2 P.M., and 4 P.M. Table LXXVI. shews for each hour separately, as well as for each of the two groups of hours, the relative frequency of each, upper wind, together with the cases of calm and clear sky. It is derived from the preceding table by dividing the numbers therein contained by the arithmetic means given in the last line but one. Table LXXV1I. has been computed in a similar manner from Table LXXV., the divisors being the arithmetic means in the lowest line of that table. From Table LXXVI. we learn that while upper winds from the west greatly exceed all other winds at every hour, the calms are more numerous than the'west winds at the hours 6 A.M., 10 P.M., and mid- night, both separately and collectively, and less numerous at 8 A.M., 2 P.M., and 4 P.M. Cases of clear sky are above the average, or exceed one in ten of the observations at every hour but 2 P.M. Midnight is the hour at which a clear sky is most frequent ; clear sky being generally more than twice as frequently found during the hours 6 A.M., 10 P.M., and midnight, as at the other hours. From Table LXX-VIL, in which the different upper winds are compared, without reference to the cases of calm or clear sky, we find that the west is by far the most frequent of the upper winds, but that * The numbers which in Table LXXII. are given to two decimal places, were carried out to three places when the divisions were performed; hence the want of perfect accordance between Table LXXII. and the three final columns of Table LXXIV. INTRODUCTION. XIX. its preponderance is nearly the same at all hours. The N.W. is the second in order of frequency, and the S.W. the third. The N.W. wind at all hours is ahove the average of all winds ; but the excess in its frequency is greater in the night than in the day. The S.W. wind is equal to the average of all winds duiing the day, but considerably below it in the night. Winds from the remaining five paints are greatly below the average at all hours. The diurnal distribution of each upper wind, taken singly, is shewn in Table LXXVIII. The hourly numbers are derived from those of Table LXXV. by dividing them by the six-hour means in the final column of that table. The three final columns of Table LXXVIII. give the ratios of the absolute number of each upper wind at the day hours to the absolute number of the same wind at the hours of the night. From the hourly numbers in this table it appears that every upper wind is above the average during the three hours 8 A.M., 2 P.M., and 4 P.M., and below the average at the other hours, an exception being made with respect to the S.E. wind at 6 A.M., The excess in the frequency of all upper winds at the three day hours, as compared with that of the other three hours, is shewn by the final columns to be greater in winter than in summer. It is greatest for the N.E. wind and least for the N.W. wind. Both calm sky and clear sky are less than half as frequent in the day as in the night, the disparity between the day and night being the same for both, and being also the same in winter as in summer. Tables LXXIX., LXXX., LXXXL, are derived from the observations of three years only, namely, 1860, '61, and '62, and are designed to shew the relations between the upper currents and the simultaneous surface winds. The method employed in the computation is sufliciently explained by their titles. It is obvious that if the decimal points be omitted in Table LXXX. the numbers under any point of the compass will shew how often, out of a thousand times that the corresponding surface wind occurs, it is accompanied by each of the several upper currents. Thus out of 1000 times that a surface north wind blows, calms aloft occur 375 times, a clear sky 273 times, an upper current from N. 38 times, and one from S. only 4 times. With a surface wind from E. the clouds move more frequently from W. than from E. With surface S. winds the clouds never move from the N., and they are about 27 times as numerous from the W. as they are from the S. Whatever be the surface wind, unless it be from S., S.W., or W., it is more frequently attended by a calm sky than by a motion of the clouds in any one specified direction ; but when the lower wind is from S., S.W., or W., a motion of the clouds from W. is more frequent than a calm sky. A clear sky is above the average with surface winds from every point but the E. ; in other words it occurs in the ratio of more than one for every ten times that each surface wind blows. Calms aloft and upper winds from W. are above the average during every surface wind. A calm sky is more frequently an accompaniment of an easterly surface wind than of a surface calm. X Whatever be the surface wind, it appears from Table LXXXL that the westerly upper wind far exceeds all other upper winds in frequency. It is most frequent with a surface wind from W., and least frequent with one from E. The N.W. upper current which stands next in order of frequency is above the average of the upper currents with all surface winds but those from E. and N.E. The S.W. is above the average of upper currents when the surface wind is from any point from N.E. through S. to S.W., and below the average with a surface wind from N., N.W., and W. The upper current from E. is above the average when the surface wind is from N.E. and E., but below the average with all other surface winds. The S.E. upper wind is far below the average, excepting during an easterly surface wind, when it is slightly above. Upper winds from N., N.E., and S. are below the average whatever be the winds at the surface. XX. INTRODUCTION. ON THE RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF THE DIFFERENT WINDS DURING DATS OF RAIN OR SNOW, FROM THE HOURLY RECORDS OF TEN YEARS (TABLES LXXXII. TO LXXXVI.,) The object of these tables is to compare the different winds with reference to the number of hours that they blow during days in any part of which a fall of rain or snow takes place. If all winds continued for an equal number of hours through the year or through the particular season under consideration, it would be sufficient to compare the dbsnlute durations of the several winds on days of precipitation ; but as there is a very great inequality in the frequency of winds from different points of the compass, (winds from N.W., for example, being more than three times as numerous as those from S.E ,) an undue prominence would be given to the winds of greater general frequency, if the Comparison were to be made between the absolute durations. Hence it becomes requisite that the absolute durations of each wind during the days of rain included within a given period of time, should be divided by the whole duration of the same wind within the same period. The quotients form what may be termed the relative durations of the several winds, and constitute the proper quantities for intercomparison. As winds of comparatively rare occurrence on days of heavy rain were found, according to the results in the preceding volume, to blow very frequently on days of light rain, the adoption of some classification of the rainy days became necessary. In these tables the days of rain have been arranged in three classes, which have been considered separately, as well as collectively in one group. Class I. includes days of light rain, in which the whole amount in the day did not exceed one-tenth of an inch. Class II. includes days of moderate rain, or over one-tenth and less than half an inch, while Class III. comprises days of heavy rain, wherein the fall in the day amounted to half an inch and upwards. The days in which snow fell are classified in a similar manner and with the same limits, one inch of snow being regarded as equivalent to one-tenth of an inch of rain. With a view of learning whether the relative duration or frequency of a wind during rain is affected by the season, the computations have been made separately for the winter half-year (October to March,) for the summer half-year (April to September,) and for the year as a whole. As the falls of snow after March are not sufficiently numerous to furnish materials for a separate discussion, no separation of the seasons has been made in the case of the snow. i Again, for the purpose of comparing the corresponding results in different years, the observations of the ten years, 1858 to 1862, have been discussed in two separate equal groups as well as in one. In Table LXXXII. the durations of the different winds on days of rain during the six months October to March, are examined. The three lines marked (1) in Class I. contain the absolute number of hours that each wind blew on days of light rain. The three lines marked (2) give the absolute number of hours that the same winds blew, with and without rain, during the same period. The three lines marked (3) are the relative durations of the several winds, being the quotients arising from the division of the numbers in (1) by the corresponding numbers in (2). It is clear, if the decimal points be disregarded, that any one of the numbers in (3) will indicate the number of hours comprised in days of light rain out of a thousand hours during which the corresponding wind blew within the same period : thus out of 1000 calm hours in the winters of the ten years, 1853 to 1862, 169 occurred during days of light rain. The ratios in the three lines marked (4) are obtained from the numbers in (3) by dividing each number by the arithmetic mean of the seventeen numbers in the same line. The computations for the other classes in Table LXXXII. as well as those of the corresponding tables for the rain in the summer half-year, for the rain in the whole year, and for the snow (Tables LXXXIIL, LXXX1V., and LXXXV.,) have been made in a precisely similar manner. INTRODUCTION. Table LXXXVI. gives a synopsis of the final ratios ia the four proceeding tables. Referring to the results of the ten years, it appears that in winter, whatever be the class of the rainy days, the progression in the relative frequency of the different winds is single, the maximum being at or near east, and the minimum at N.W. The amplitude however, is much greater for the heavier falls, the. ratio of the maximum to the minimum being more than 20 : 1 in Class III., and less than 2 : 1 in Class I. The portion of the compass also for which the relative frequency is above the average extends from E.N.E. through S. to S.W. in Class I., but is limited in Class III. to the points N.E. to S.S.E. inclusive. Between the summer and the winter half-years a marked contrast may be noticed, and particularly as regards the lighter rain, a double progression in the summer occurring in each of the classes. For light rain the principal maximum is at W.S.W. and the principal minimum at or near N.N.E. the second maximum being at or near E., and a second minimum between S. and S.E. In Class II. the maximum at E. slightly exceeds the western maximum, and in Class III. the excess is very decided. Where rain is considered without reference to its amount, the eastern and western maxima are very nearly equal. Taking the whole year together, the distribution of the winds in Class I. is chiefly governed by the summer half-year, while Classes II. and III. resemble the same classes in the winter, although with less prominently marked features. For the light snow there is a tolerably well defined maximum at or near W. From W., in both directions round the compass, there is a descent in the frequency of the winds as far as E. and S., at which points there are what may be termed two equal minima including a space, for which, on the average of the three included points, the winds are about 1.3 times as numerous as at either E. or S. Classes II. and III., which possess the same general characters as regards the distribution of the winds, are in striking contrast with that which is found to accompany the lighter falls of snow ; the most frequent wind on days of moderate or heavy snow being very decidedly at or near N.E., while the western maximum is nearly obliterated. The wind of most rare occurrence during such falls being from points at or near S. When no account is taken of the amount of snow that falls in the day, the most frequent wind relatively is from W., the N.E. wind forming a second maximum not very inferior to that at W. The least frequent wind is from S., and there is also a second depression between the maxima at W. andN.E., but which does not fall below the average as compared with all the points of the compass. DEPTH AND FREQUENCY OP RAIN AND SNOW (TABLES LXXXVII. AND LXXXVIII.) The number of days of rain, together with its depth in inches, for each month of the years 1860, 1861, and 1862, are given in Table LXXXVII. Table LXXXVIII. contains the corresponding results for snow. The monthly and annual averages for the three years are accompanied by the corresponding averages derived from a series of years. The average frequency of rain and snow is derived, in each case, from the records of twenty-three years ; but owing to breaks that occurred in the early part of the series, the average monthly and annual depths of rain are obtained from twenty-one, and those of snow from twenty years. From these tables it appears that both rain and snow were much more frequent on the average of the three years, 1860-'62, than on that of the whole series, for the year taken collectively, as well as for almost every month ; days of rain being about 20 per cent, and days of snow about 30 per cent, more D XXII, INTRODUCTION. numerous in the partial than in the entire series. The depth of rain, on the contrary, was nearly 16 per cent, in defect on the average of the three years, as compared with the general average of the whole series. The average annual depth of snow was in excess, but not to such an extent as to compensate for the defi- cient rain ; the general deficiency in the precipitation of the three years (allowing an inch of rain to be equivalent to ten inches of snow,) being more than 11 per cent. The results derived from the hourly rain gauge, which was in operation from April to November in 1861, and from April to October in 1862, do not reveal any distinct diurnal period, either as regards the depth or the frequency of the rain. Arranging the day in six periods of four hours each, and dividing the depth of rain in each period and its frequency (or the number of hours in any part of which a fall occurred,) by the average depth and frequency in the six periods, the ratios are obtained which are given in the annexed table. PERIODS. 6 A.M. to 10 A.M. 10 A.M. to 2P.M. 2 P.M. to 6 P.M. 6 P.M. to 10 P.M. 10 P.M. to 2A.M. 2A.M. to 6 A.M. Average of the six periods. Depth, ....1861.... 0.55 0.76 1.37 1.41 1.07 0.84 1.00 " ....1862.... 1.18 0.93 1.00 0.92 0.97 1.00 1.00 Frequency, 1861 .... 0.84 0.84 1.02 1.06 1.08 1.16 1.00 " 1862.... 1.18 0.97 0.92 0.99 0.88 1.06 1.00 MEAN ANNUAL VARIATIONS OF TEMPERATURE FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OP TWENTY-THREE TEARS. Table LXXXIX. is an extension of a similar table published by General Sabine on page 163 of the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1853. The monthly and annual means of temperature for the twelve years, 1841-'52, are reprinted from the paper of General Sabine. For the eleven years, 1853-'63, inclusive, the monthly means derived from six observations each day are corrected for diurnal variation, by aid of the tables by General Sabine on pp. 145 and 146 of the same volume. For the sake of comparison the means furnished by the twelve years, 1841-'52, have been introduced, together with the normal temperatures for the parallel of latitude 43 40 N. as computed by Dove. The probable variabilities of the several months at the foot of the table are derived from the squares of the differences between the partial and general monthly means. The quarterly averages of these num- bers, from the series of twenty-three years, and from the twelve years, are as follows : 1841-'52 Winter. 2.6 Spring. o 2.2 Summer. o 1.4 Autumn. o 1.8 1841-'63 2.8 2.0 1.5 1.6 The probable variability of a single year, as regards the annual mean, is 0.63 for the twelve years, and 0.61 for the twenty-three years. INTRODUCTION. XXiii. The following are the quarterly averages of the probable errors of the monthly means for the whole period : Winter. Spring. Summer. Antnmn. 6.59 6.42 6.30 0.33 The probable error of the general mean temperature for the year is 6.18 for the twelve years, and 0.13 for the twenty-three years. If the assumption be accepted that the monthly means of temperature for the whole period are the temperatures proper to epochs separated by twelve equal intervals, the January mean being the mean temperature corresponding to the 15th of that month, regarded as the zero of time, then will the tempera- ture T n , corresponding to the time (n), (the unit of time being the twelfth part of a year) be represented by the expression. T n = 44.18 + 22.32 sin ( n x 30 + 261 2) + 6.74 sin (2 n x 30 + 78 25). + 6.61 sin (3n x 30 + 181 3) + 0.29 sin (4 n x 30 + 38 3). + 6.74 sin (5n x 36 + 51 7) + 6.30 cos (6 x 36). (I.) The two assumptions, (1) that the mean temperature of a month is identical with the temperature of its middle point, and (2) that the months are all of equal length, are evidently not in strict accordance with fact. A nearer approach to accuracy will be made by admitting the second of the preceding assump- tions only and by applying corrections for the errors introduced by the first. Making the necessary corrections* to the co-efficients of the several terms of equation (I.), the mean diurnal temperature T,,' a any time (n), will be given more accurately by the following equation : T.' = 41.18 + 22.58 sin ( n x 35 + 261 2) + 6.77 sin (2 n x 30 + 78 25). + 0.68 sin (3 n x 30 + 181 $) + 6.35 sin (4 n x 30 + 3$ i). + 1.00 sin (5 n x 30 + 5i 7) + 6.47 cos (6 n x 35). (II.) If the values 0, 1, 2, &c., 11, be substituted for (n) in equations (I.) and (II.), the corresponding values of T n in equation (I.) will be identical with the monthly means from the records of twenty-three years given in Table LXXXIX. ; and the corresponding values of T^ in equation (II.) will be the diurnal means proper to the middle points of the twelve months regarded as of equal length. MEAN ANNUAL VARIATIONS OP BAROMETRIC PRESSURE FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OP TWENTY-THREE TEARS. The mean barometric pressures for every month of each of the twenty-three years, 1841 to 1863, have been collected in Table XC. During the seven years, July 1842 to June 1848, the readings were made at each of the twenty-four hours. From this series tables were formed containing, for each month and hour, the differences between the monthly means for the hour and the monthly means on the average of twenty-four hours. These differences being regarded as corrections for diurnal variation, were employed in reducing the monthly means in the remainder of the series, during the greater part of which the obser- vations were made six times only each day. * See note on page xxiv. XXIV. INTRODUCTION. The greatest probable variability of a monthly mean, .0562, is in February, and the least, .0292, is in July. The quarterly averages of the probable monthly variabilities and of the probable errors of the monthly means given by the whole series, are the following : Winter. Spring. Summer. Autumn. Variability 0435 .0433 .0313 .0414 Probable error 0091 .0090 .0065 .0086 The probable variability of a single year 'with respect to the annual mean barometric pressure is .0125, and the probable error of the general annual mean for the whole series is .0026. Making the same assumptions as in the case of temperature, B n , the diurnal mean of barometric pres- sure at any time (ri), may be computed from the following formula, derived from the twelve monthly means at the foot of Table XC. B^= 29.6190 +.0350 sin ( n x 30 + 147 2l) +.0126 sin (2 n x 35 + li 2&). +.0177 sin (3 n x 30 + llo 1 34) +.0067 sin (4 n x 30 + 13 li). +.0081 sin (5 n x 30 + 251 20) .0018 cos (6 n x 30). (I.) The diurnal means are given more accurately by the following equation, obtained from (I.) by apply. ing the requisite corrections* to the co-efficients : B.' = 29.6190 +.0354 sin ( n x 30 + 147 2i) +.0132 sin (2 n x 30 + li 29). +.0197 sin (3 n x 30 + 11(> 34) +.0081 sin (4 n x 30 + 133 li). +.0109 sin (5 x 36 + 251 26) .0028 cos (6 n x 35). (II.) * To effect the corrections to which reference is made above, the coefficients of the terms in (I.) which involve n, 2, 8n, Ac., are multiplied respectively it Zir Sir 12 12 12 by the factor* i^^ , , ^^~ > Oo O CO CO O> 16 *o 3 H sanoq ni noiju-mp arBuuxo-iddy ; -i 10 it) <*3 ' CO O CD CO 9 ' O o o o o t--* : 5.1 * rH CO o o ;co . o o * t- EXTREM TEMPER rH i I rH (N (M IN rH rH CO rH OOOOGOOOOOOM''OO5 .OCOOOOOrH M< CO t CO IM CO OOOOOO5O5O ! r- 1 rH c> D CO rH t (M >O O Tj( "* O CT> O O5 CO cs h- CD os 10 oo i i o >o >o .rH CM OOOO .rHOrHi IrHrH oscoco5T OO rH rH N CO rH ;OO(MCCOOCOO ooomcooooo co CO COOOOSOOC^IO COCOrHrHrHJM 2 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. II a 'Bjnon ^? *O ^^ ^^ C"I CO ^O io iO CO ui notiBjnp : ^ ^ . ^ : _j -; sq oi - : - : : ; ^ ^ cw oi -i o aiBiuixo-iddy o . o . o o . o . o . . o . o o o o o r- 1 . to 4 4 CM O O -O O CO O t .,,,, -COOO ui qid8(j ui uoiitunp "^^. " * ? S, "^^ "^ "^ " *^R **^T a^Btuixoaddy '-^fco "CD "rH 'IMCO 'o 'o co 'IM ' i 1 1 i o "sauont it tnda/T " ^^ " (- ^ " " " l ^* > ^^ " *** " ^^ * " "^^ * ' ^ " * sanoq a^Btuixojddy . o . . m >o . o ut> saipi! -co- .:::::::::::ot- st ::::cooo ui indan rH' -cofM^-'-'iMco o '8ouajaiii(T rHrH i I (M rH 0^ C-irHrHNCqrH (Mr- 1 'ooot OrHrHooc-ir-eoOrHt-^o6Tj5i-ii__ I l-Hi-HCOIM(MOrHt-iioob"t-^>ococo' CM n o co o co so N oo o o OlOCO!O OOrHOlOl CO CO rH I (MOO OrHOOl IMO CO-^O jo ajnssajj o O oc oo O O O5 ' OO C5 OO O5 CO CO N CM OiiocD ;rHooco O O OJ CO CO (M CDrHOOO CO I CO O -f "H OrHOSOOOOO (M OO O CO t OO '(MtOCD t oo t oo : oo t oo t t O5 : os oo oo oo t oo : oo i os t t CD It oo o> OOOO trHrHi-Hi^OO IrHOrHOOO ^i-jrHIMrHOO -rHrHN o o 1 1 N CO SNOW oo OJ 00 oo oo >H OH tj p rt P3 H b H o < (A % PH < r3 <5 o t-H cb o (-; i o :- g g ij < P3 w f?; ia o B 3 CO CO EXTREMES TEMPERATURE. o^. i rH (M CO co t oo OJ CO DAILY MEANS. Miy aqi jo SAVQ OOO"OiM i as co rji oi-i o'-roi IMOOJ J t 'icoooii t co COi 'oo O O c-i 4 >o o o * o I-H ifl O ; oo oa in o , O O ; 1-1 I-H 'oo o fci CD sjnoq m uoiiBjnp ajBirnxoaddy . . . O .10 " '. i 91 : o . p 10 o o p ! 1-H rH 06 lO I i : o 91 o m eaqanj : : : *> : >-; o o : 9-1 >o o O * O rH * : 91 ; : rH I-H o ' o o TH 91 g 5 m noijBjnp a^Boiixojddy p .p co : -^ , iO ; to gaqanj o : to . 91 ; oo * IiO 91 00 co aoua.iojjiooooo5to -ooocot- MCO .lOOCOI-tO . CO N O CO i 1 i( tO CO O COOOSOO'MCO OO t I C5 O CO O .OCOt~GOjOCO .iO-^O^CCOC-1 1 n oo t~ I o J 9-1 -* CO toooi ;coiocococ50o ; t~- o -* i" so 9-i-^ooo3coo CO rH p o-M O -5 COOOOt--COGO o 00 cooooco '10101 < ci o co 8AVQ tli li lrH(MO<191CO O OOC3CO ! -H t O .T)4 1 35 i 1 CO 1 O t IO O3 CO O i I O O ! Oi O t CO O CO OCOOOO!M-1H '(M . 1 CO i oo 01 o co co ItOOOl CCCO I *t cs 01 9A11B13JI jo aanasaaj O rH CO CO CO I OO OS i I 1 * OS O rH CM rH . rH O (Mt-JOOOrH *o-i It O CO -o Miy IMCOOCO ; ^ os i M< o'coo'cooi IM * Tjl CO CO O O CO CM O ; o co co o t os "e-irHoioot 'csococo-t'os OMOCOOOIM ; o o os t co TJI OOt-OOl CO ;c5i cot cceo IlM!MCq5qCMCO OS o o co OS co OS 01 ff t oo T 1 o oOS CO TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. RAIN AND LTED SNO 8JUOl{ m o ;> -OOcooo -OOMOOIOO ; CO i-; 1-7 'O O n -^ cj co ' O i-H O O rH 'OO O * o : ; : cxi 09 : ;eor-;t-; ' I-H I-H i I rH -^ " ' 'OO " *OOG<1 saipn; CO .i-H o -o O CS (M O Oi-HOOr-l ' 'OO 'O*O IM IM CM rH i ICI-HI ii-Ht li lIMi ii li ii i (M IM I-H I-H CM rH IM rH Cl i I i llMOCOOS'O^'CTlOOCDCOi il -^(NOt -^mo CDCOi i GO GO 1 ot-^ OJO O o oO nco>ot^t^ (MC-1OOOOO -CiOOOlCMO 10 o o t~ ^ i i Ci^-^COOOi-H t GOCOO -miococo ' ^ l' O O .t~GOGOO5GOGO .OOOOGCt .GOt tt-OOO 1 IOQOGOO3 jo ajnsssaj O>OiOOOGO * i 1 O t~- GO O ;OGOC3C5I~-O : 1 -COIMCSIC^COCO - ^V oi-H O CO O O COO>O OMCOOOCOO < ; i i -H TH o o IM ;>o^ocvn-i>-^< o Tt< as i i i rH rH IM IM IM oco CM ri : >o CD oo t- co r-i os CM O !> O O I Tl* CO 'f CN OS OO rCCOOCOOOCQO i li ICO .OOOOSCa^CO !) CM CM C-l OOCOO5 C-l CM C-l OOOOO5 r-H r-i i 1 i 1 ^ IiOlOCDiOiOt .lOCOTfCDOOCC - CO CD i < O iO t~t lOCOO A C-l ;O>CCO-tOO>O ; CO I-H CO OO -* CO ; * 00 KO CO CD 00 -CDCDiOCOt"-!-* .l-OOt^GOCDt^ COIMi I-^COIM ;COOCCDCOCOCO COC-1 ooas COOO^tiOOOOCM iCCMtOCO^OO OOCMCOiOOOiO OOOOOCOOO - oO CO CDCD 'I C-l CO "O -^ O ' * CO CO CO O sQCDCDCDCDCD CDCDCDOCO " 00 CO OS -^ O5 "5 OCDCOt^CDCD rHCMCO CO o o' OO o cs CM CO os CM OCO CO ICMCMCMCMCMCMIMCMIMCMCO TOROXTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. a m uorjBJnp _o o o !n ! (M rH . W . loO O 1-H Il-H O satjou; rH t O IrH 00 O O ;GO :< o co o :o o :S m ;t- :-* * O -o m to co ; CD oi o 30 Tf to CO CO EXT TEM 1-HrHIMrH rHi-HO t- O t^ r-l O Tt< CO CO iO O3 ca DAILY MEAN OOOOC^lt lOO O i I i I O O O OOOOOO OOOOOO jo O5OOOO5IMCO O5O-*COO3O ; CO O 30 t O 5^1 IOTOOMOO - 1 Ib-lfSl IO5r- 1 r- 1 C5 l~- CO lO CO OC-IOOCO OOOJ (M -M OOO2OO OOiOt~O !T)oo ooioooOGoeo oomot 003 .CMCOOiO-Ot ;cOCOOO-rft-l ; CO 00 I O iO Oi -COcqi-lcOOrtl oot -CO1M OOCOCOCDCO m os oo -i coco t ODO5O-H i l* o' O5 (M O3 (M O3 CO 8 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. SJtioq m tior)B.mp O r-l O (M CO : > .i i o O O iO 10 CD co : t oo * ;ji!.inp r>)in in \o,i< My : o i i o O * l-H _ (M OO ICO l-H tn CD C- * IM O O . CO o o :oo co co *o o co :co o co eo EXTREMES TEMPERATU O & M F O ~! OO i I CO t^ CO OO t~- t~* QO OO co 0:0 ~co~ oco .ocoooo^icDoscoi i ' o CO OO it^-cocot^oo-rGocooooco i-Ht ^OiOi l co 00 a IOOTOCOOi ICOOO5CO DAILY MEA O>Ct 5 COIMOOCO WOO ;i i OO CO - OOiA CO O oooo oooooo CO O t t^ t^ OO " o o o o o o' CO O O IM t OSOI^(MTt< oo3Ot^-*O (M 00 i : i co IM CD ; I CO t~ CO C-l O ocoooi 105 'OO-*OO5 IM OO o> (M CO 1 l~ O COOOOOt '(M-* CO i-l b- OO jo aanssaaj "OCOOOCOCO ;coo>oooo -- oot^ooo O5COOOO ooeqcot OOM :OOOOOOOO-* ;cOTjO-H OCDCDl~- t CO S-l b- >O OO CO 1 t CD CO m t~CO lOOi 5OCOOO COCDCO OO 1 iC i I CD -t< CO CO CO 1 CD CD OOCOO-^IM OiOCOCDCO BAYQ TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. a 11 SNOW. sanoq HI t!Ol|l:jU|> ajBiuixo-iddy ; (M ; OO "O ' O * ' rt t^ iC O CJ ,0 ; O co i 05 H sanoq n; aoijejnp aiBimxojddy ui .O O . .O .CD^rH -COO .00 -OS -o *o 'i 10 'o "COCO ' JO <1J11SS,)J,[ O tD(Mt^-O3lMO 10 ;oocOf-i3-iC5to -- IN .CO>OCOTj!Tt i I COI^COCOCCM ICOCO-^COI-ICO I CO C-l lOIMt i liOIMCONCOIMeOlMOOOSIMCO' l^t<> li ICOIMCDIM OOOO O'*O5OO5Ooai ICO(MX>OO>OCO' 'CO co o> CO DAILY MEAN O O O O CO IN r-l i-l O r-l O O COCOOpOCJO OOC-JCOCOt~- OOO O OOOr-^Or-l rHr^OOOO OO--* ^ 1 OS O i 1 CO CO t->O!MO5r-lOS l~- t ^ CO CO iO O 1 -t iO O -* -OOCOIMiCCO O5OO5IMOM CDirtOCDCOO OOOi 1 CO > ( lO CO CO kfi tfl -i< CO COCO i i CO >O :oi^cne<)co'ii :COCOOOJKICO :-*O5--' Ir-llMi-IIMiMIM TcOCOCOC-llMCSI ^COCO^t* aiy qi jo C CO O t~ ^ of- O CO COb-Ot-'OCO t OO OlMO COOCO ; CSI i I <*< D O t ; i i >O O to e-* .TtlOGOCOOCM :-*t--OOOOl--Tt< losCOOOCMi-c Il^cOCOCMO ^ OS CO OS W CM CM CM_ A'jipiranjj h-oscM ;rHcocot-oo ;TtOCM ;COC>jTlO i i O5 ' o o co S-) -* O 00 O O O : -c -H co 'M o 03 - oj cj c to ; t < oocooo 'tCOCCCO O3OOt~- -GO .05 OOO5 CO CO ri ^ o o oi oo os CO CO 7-1 5-1 (M ;O -O> 00 O5 O O : o oo r- oo O i c oq O O O O> co co co n (M to o o CO i i 'oor-oorot-- oo -joooosnoooo ' os i-- oo i t ooooosooooao -oo -mcoeoo -oooooooo MCO ' - O i i O t~ TO C5 n o i < o CO : ' M O iO to ;^ OC M CC O O M ^3 t ?i M O O O ; M t >i O X O ri o >i X T 1 . O5 O 1 O OTO ' oo M o o -f '--oto-^--ro ri CO M 5 i 1 CO CO >1 N O X O M . :o oo oo i-. o -x> co o i i OJ n 7-1 CO 'M : a SAVQ IO ; CD ' r-i C>1 OO CO CO rH 00 ' i i Oi O O O t CMr-i * 'CM ' '^CDCOr-i ' CO OS OrH r T iT-t;;;;^!^!-^ ; CO t-i * ' CM : : '. ' '. ' r :;:::: :ft ci t * i i c~^ < >o f^ ,o :.'.: --t t :::::.: CM ::::::: 06 rH ^ O CD L- CM CMrH~r-l rH rHCM O O O O ' i I rH 'T-OCDr~- OSCOCMinoOiM >O i i 10 >O i CO ; OJ i -H oo >O t O -- C7 t t -H .(MCOCOCOOOO OV CM OO O5 CM CM t CO OS CM O ' Ci rH h-. CD CO CO . OO (M CO CD I- ' OS CO CO o Co -^f t co 05 >o i - OOOCOOiO ;TH-^^HI -*i CD O3 aoi icocoioo ;^HiOi lOi ICD . t Or- it Tf CO CD-MCDOOSCO I CO Oi OS OS CM TICiom .OOOOOOOJt~OO IM T-I t oo lOOOSOOOO jo OJO>OTH<55 OO CO t rH TO CM COOJOOOh- OJ c-ioocoo ;Tj-rj<>ocoO'M i i CM CO i 1 i i t -o ur o ;cO'* | cot 'OOOOSiO CMCMi ir^ r OOC5O-"'MCO-t < >OCDh-COairH i 11 Ir- It i -H CO Ii r- 1 1 CO CO (N CO CO CO IN llOrHO5 05 (M VO CO CO (M OO * lO O5 CO CO CO CO C5COiOCOOi-H ;OO5COiC^Hr~ . CO IM t CO i I (M XiCOi liOrrH -* <-< t- irtl :COCC"1<10 t 1 OO CO O O> CO 'cdcbT)t-^>f5o6 CMCMCMl 1 i ( : >o i>- CM oo o ssi i-H CO O OO CM i-H 1~ t i-H CO i-H O3 TJICOCOCMCOCO CMS-1COCMKICM 'ococoi (MCOCOCO r- irHr- l(NO4e^o . 10 o oo i i o CD ... t ssi ' CSI O ' Co : co o o i :rHco irHTjt : :o ' "o 'sstpnj ; O rH C>I ; M rH ?i o ci o o o *r-i : oi 'o ; q 10 ; <-i ; : : : IM 'csio "*cs " " * * *o iO m nopainp a^Btaixoaddy q q 10 esi oi co , 10 : oi , t ' . >o 10 It : eOMcoO3f-ioqopt t MI iocorHincp>ot^t TH txi c-i -i'MOCl t i t OOCDt CDt~i ICOt IMCDCOIM lOcoooooooio t cot M<- co eo DAILY MEANS. O CO OO O t OO oo O Ci q O r-i ' O O O O O O _ O O O OOO OOOO5 ;OOOCO5 rH rH i < o O "O Mjy O2C3 ^ ?1 H* O CO 1 COCa ; O5 t i I O CO >O CO i 1 .IMiOiOOCOi I OOOOOOOOJt t IM OO CO CO 33 . CO >O CO * >O i i O O5 CO *M OO CO CO CO IM t 1 CO O5 CO O5 O3 OO . q o ^ >o q O ci CO (M >O t 'lOCOlMO 'OO '*OrHI- liO >O O> CO N iO(MO3(MiO 'OiOOOiMtO : i I C5 CO CO I N CO ^CO O -C<1 O CSI O O3 CO (M >oco cooj ; CD CD oo T)< i . CD t CD oo t oo i i ** o o> > ' -f . oo t oo t oo t 'i >o i co ao It t oc oo t oo >o'O'Hl OO H< 10 O3 i I CO t . O O O i 1 i 1 i 1 CO r O O OO 'COiMOi-^ 'CO IrHUdi li-H IrH aiy lOiOt OlMCO ; co 10 <* esi i i CD O O O OO t IN ; O5 H* co co i t i oo t COCO ' O3 oi 06 co H! CMrH^^ COCO OOt OC-lt 1 H< i ca co co ^t< OO t N o ' -^ CO CS : o -* N cn t- in o-i o co o o o o o o : I-H CD . m co CO OS OS 1 ( CD E TE M O i I r- 1 i I O r-i O i-H O O ' O O O O O O 'OO CS I O i os SMOCOCOO-H IMOD :eoooaoo>oco -mos . O i I O *** C5 .1 ii 1 OO (M OO OS (M i o oo :co^< i ;i O OS co so OS i I r-l OS CO OO ooooaot^min '>ncDCOOsr-OO . t 10 >n m ao oo I oo to CD oo t r- O 1 -HI I OS 5-1 !OO .t~.cot-cDcooo .11 (MOOOCDCDfH coio-*mO']O I CO I i 1 t-- r-H rosoo-^oooo in eo os COCD ; o o -^ i as oo ;coco ooioiocoot (Moooc-ioOTjt oh-tooocoN :coo-ooooco moco>ot o :o3>no-t t~ (M C-l 00 t^ J _ CO 1-1 * o: o co co 06 ' r-J 06 i Ir-lr- Ii II-HI-HF-HI-HI (i l?qC(: >M oo IT 1 * O OS 06 <> 1 CO SNOW. m fej 5 H sanoij ni tini iiunp . . . . ea co 5 o . N . . o . o . . .o; 'i : co : ico :co ' ' io .IN . O O5 t .(MOOr-Hj)! O r-i :3* ItO ! I 1 * o 00 CO CO EXTRE TEMPE (i (i ( 1^- !O i 1 OO CO iOOOr-IOOCO-t< CO O "T5 O O5 1 O CO N t CO (Ml^CO^H 1-- O i I CD CO ^< O3^fr-IOOr-IO N O 1 CO t r CO*OCOr~OO u7> . O CD il CO I - CO OO O5 C-l (M O O -^ t - i 00 O CD . C5 OO CO 10 CO -rt* . CO Tt -^ O t~ OO : iO CD 00 CO :oOt-O500 O5 CM OO OO O5 (M (M -ii^ioeoco >O OO CO M< T-H i 1 tcoooococo iO CO t f 1 O5 o o CO I-H CO US oi a CO CO CM o o Of iable. ! 18 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. ( sanoq m noijBjnp a^Bimxojddy saqom m iflda ' o r-OO OO o .0 c- CO OS S3 CO SNOW. sjnot[ m noijBanp ajBtuixoaddy saqam <> 00 1 H O -OOu3i l t 1 li ICOOOOt^lr-COl lOOCOOOr-Hi-H CJ IN DAILY ME papnoio jo s-mssaaj -^ OOSO^IMOO t i 1 O O5 ^i-HO CO tCJ-nt C5C5i 1 -OCOOOiMl^lM O'^t~-t~COCO CO t^ 1 >O O t - -- CO r-l O5 i I i 1 i 1 IM CO O ^H O M* r- 1 O CO r- 1 OO i I (M 1~- . t t~ O GO OO . CD CD CO CD 1 OO :Oh-OOt~OOO : CO t OO O CO CO ~- jo COOOlMCSCOi 1 i 1 OO CO C3 rt< T 1 ;i i-^t aot-HiM ;oo>noc'Oi co i 1 1~ ;5OOTC5coiOio nt- CO (M i 1 -^ GO t~- i~ t co ira o o -1< Tf i 1 O O5 tO O -* GO C-1 i 1 i 1 ooeococoo BiVQ i li li li li IrHi (i li lr-HCO CO j. co j, r < * o * GO o . co * T-H CM > O I _,, > Tt< O * .10 . o o o .00 OJ j. co I-H o 10 * CM o co CO SNOW. sanoq m uorpunp sarpuj m tpdag a H "sanoq nt uoiTBanp , CM iq T-H CM o '( CM .LOxO . CM *O .iOC-1 i TJ< T-H : o to o o IN : co o i i o . o . o o o t-; ** CO EXTREMES EMPERATURE. I CM CM o ; o co GO t 10 OGOGOCOiO ; o ^ co COG^IOGOOO COra - --- I GO CO -comco t iCMCO^OCOt-OOCSOi !OGOt-OOCM lOOCOXlCOGO l~-l CMCOOOO 1--OCM 1 CMrfC5>Ot^C5 :OOOCOC<]O5C5 ;I--COOOO<|OCO :i^OOi-HGOCOCO ;>OCMO CO ooti ~*^ to t^ cr^ 0^ ' co c^i -^ *o t^- c?i ' o^ "^ T-H t^ co co ' c> 10 co t~* ^5 GO ' co "~H co -j i$ 10 >o co co co co co co co co co t** co co i~ i~- co 20 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. s.inon m norpunp OOO-* ; oo ' -H ; * .0 . o * rH o : ** co co co 35 __7-l ~CD" I s s P3 ^ jSr-JrHCOOSOi-HTli^Ql OOCOOOCOO o O O -rt T-< O O ' i-< O O O O O C.|r t (MIMCV] COOOiOCOiOOO ;COCOO5^T-HIM lOCOiO^i iCO > o o oo' fHiOCO OOO.1t O OO O> (M ^+< O5 i < t T}* i I pH G5 O O CO OO*^iCO-^>OO5 i-H'MU^ ;COOOCOOO C5 CO GO iO t T I *(MCOO5(MJ--CO * CO t- GO CO O ' > jo eanssajj i osooos .ooorHrHcsos .rHcgT^Tticqcg :co-*on-icoco ^i-iooi-ieo GO GO GO CO O5 ' ' CO OO O-l ! O"-l C>1 ^>l C 1 ! C>1 oj IM OJ *O ^^ COCOCO COOiO^U^)iO rcO^COCO^O -^-^COTPCO^ 'lOOO^COCO o 10 O5 CO CO >O O t** (M ^ GO 1^ >O --r^rH *c6oocOO t O CO CO i CD lOCOiOCO ' 1 GO CO CO O ci COCOCOCOCOiO o>0 CD TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 21 SNOW. gjnotj I eq ijq i i^i o . * c- in in ; os o aau^BjijdLua^ o oscooo^ncoin t cs *H o co in CD in o co t cq coin^nc-ifMt 'oo co co in co CD in in in co CD co co in in CD CD in in in in co CD in ^H ^H in L REME ERAT E TE ME DA SiVQ ^-<ooci3 ' i i iC O . -uoo 'OO -oocot -OOO -l-n. '-^O* 100 -or -rHO eo en O5 O 02 ur O 00 M g o O C5 O r^ O 13 w P3 w w o 21 sanoq m uoi^Banp B'tBtnixoaddy sanoni . ^- c-i -O O . 00 >O X3 ->ooo 'OOO . -oocct^- 'OOO CD co co o ro z> MH oouaaajiTQ rH rHrHrHrHr-irHrHCOOli trH I rH rH Ol rH rH i t rH mrummjn ^ o i TH i t o6cort<-*i ooi oo i ii ^-is-it ic-i-Hcocdt cxS CO I- Ol o CO i :2 )poiaA TIBBJ^ .lOrHOOOOlOOl CDOO5OOCOOlC5t O5O11 COt OOOOlOOOrHl t CX3 O JOOrHrHOCO^COOt CSiOCOt O-^fOOlOO't-tOliOCO>O(X)t rHOO O5 & i u3Oi ooomo to oo fc; oo fe; 02 ^ Jz; (z; - i it coi oo-t1 n CD ^i t -OOOOOO aanssaaj IC^ICO.0305 O rH * ^H i It O >O COCS'M' 't O (MOOOiTir-Ht O ) CJ O OO O CJ j O TS (Mr-(O>Oo t i 01 01 01 co oo ; ^J; Ol Ol CO t Ol ; rH Ol I OO OO CO : * O l-^ Ol 1 Ol ; iffl 00 00 r)< ' t o 01 oi oi o ' o cp oi CD o r-i -f r-i o -HH \ei -^ 06 01 o co t OOC2Oi IO5CO-*iOCDt OOCSOr lOTCO-^iOOt OOOOi 1 i li Ii 1 lCOCO co o t Ol CO 05 Ol 05 rH o O5 01 Ol 00 01 O5 01 oOO 9 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 23 K X o ; T(< ;oo>o o o ' o ' o ' o o 5-5 CO BJnoq m uorjiuup _OrHCOOO (MCM . CM 0>1 Kl i 1 CM rH OOCOCO ;rHlO>OrH-^ .(NrHlMi-HrHi-H ; *! CO OO i 1 O O . rH rH rH c\I O1 t 1 Tf -<3< O CO t CO I j;y aiji jo o co oM O ; o o oo CM to os ' o o co oo o 10 (Mcocoaoot :oooot^-cot~co ; 01 cocococ5io cocococococo I CO M CO CO CO co co co co co co o OO OrH CO O5 co * O5 (M t- s? 00 t- 1 I o 24 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. RAIN AND MELTED SNOW n; o^omixojddy o ira cq ; m ; o : cq 10 OOO ' rH 1-1 iO O : CM o ; co 10 : ri >o o ' O r- O-i O O .0 O *S o .00 , T~< IO >O .000 . 1C 1-H CO co 06 SNOW. sanoij 111 1HII )1MU| I o^uunxoaddy P. "? *! ooo m CO O'MO 'OO o CO 00 CO CO CO W g g w ft J & 3 -5 <1 tf W ?5 W O fc' ^3 K EX TEM sanoq III IIOl|l.MII|> STBinixoaddy :oo , >M . :o : saqom . o . o i-l j, O : I i 1 O i I i li I r- 1 i-t i t I ( -H i 1 i I i I r- < 1-HrH i 1050^1 rH i I CM mniuixwpj co<>cO(MTi3coco CO K S. DAILY m iO CO t I CO ' O O O O O O CO CO t O fM CO OO OO I O COCO ' O O O i tOO *OO 'OOO 'OO iry OOOOi <>OOi rcsmoooot - .IMOGOOOOO -coutitocoi^-o OCO ^-* I CD CO t OCXJ1 OOC5CD Oi-HOCOCOi-l :cOCOOOt~-OCO .u3COClr--i .1^00 JO ,1.111^. U, | OOOCOCDt~-O5 :O5COCOOCOC5 OOrHi lo ua co t co >o co cooo COIMM CMO co it-^ai-* i^r 110 . : C ? (= ? (N ! : CN ! C1 P iourii-H^-icd ' co i i 'co^tco 'i>lco lCOCO-^JMr-1 CM i ( COCor -o>o >o o >a ip N i < o o 'I 1 O "OOOCOO '^ftM *r ICOl 'OOOOr tO 00 c-i ft g 02 ejnoij ai uoijKanp a'jBunxo.iddy ; o co -co -Oi-i -Tjiio coodio^cococsicoco saqam m QflHQ ;0 si Cl 06 00 IN N sanoi( n; noijcjnp , 10 >O .O : o so o . o . O CD .10 o o o _o_ 10 EXT TEM I rH CO 1 I I I -Hi Ir ICMCO'-^i I II-HT-I IMl IrHi IN(MIMocoo5^OOO jo aiy < co i 00 CO t : CO 00 CD -* (M >O co T i *i* oi co -^ ; O (M o IM -f co i i : O CO CO CD CO O J ooosoDoo t- i ii iineoosco -*Tt<(Mooo < O5 t CO ^ U5 OO rH O3 O5 -* O CD 1O 5-1 CO t OO . O rH CO C5 O5 CO O ' OJ ' CO oo r-l t >O t O O C^ CO . CD t CO >ooo'*>ncDt~- .OOt^OOOOt^-OO -ao;oo-*t rH . t t CD t OC O5 o m t co co i i ICOOOOOSOOOOO -iOi i-^tcocq .OOOSOOt^OO jo eomcoco r-i r I O O i IOO ot^ -OOr-li-Hf-HO i co co co oiMio co^ti OOKJ CO i 1 IMOOIMOIO :cococ>icOTroo 't^e-io'i^-HHO i 1 (M CO CO CO r-l loooc-iooco otO'-ii^rtH e-ii-^oo'* rlOQ^Hi 101 ;COOOCO ^ o coco ^ c O O to O O O O O O O O O O tO 'S3UOUI ' 0-1 O ! t " O ~f to 7-1 tO ' ' CO T O tO O O * tO inr^J- * T-I i-i -i-l .rHO*OOO!-l . .OOi-l* .C-1CO .O* eanoij o oto'co totoioo ooo oo o m noi/)Bjnp ,_. , ; co co ' r i : CD to o oo r- 1 oo ' '. ' ' : co co * :coeo ^co* 3}Biuixoaddv ri "sauaui I c-i o i to \ o ^ to o-i to " t I C C ^ to ; o o ; co m Tildag ' i 1 1 i ' o ' i i o oaot-t' ' oo i i ' N co ' o sanoq oo t to mo!,B.mp i!;;;,-;;;;;;;;;;;^:::::::^: aiBiuixoaddy tO O tO gauaui ::::: o-i ::::::;; ; ; co :::::::: o-i ; 14 O * O ni mdad S rt ~" rt co i i C<1 i fe ranonxBrc COO-10<10MCOCOCOC<1C<1IMOOOOOO< 11 li ICOCOCOO-lCOCOCOCOCMCOO-li jOCOCO^i iCOOCSO-lCOO-lOJO-ltO^OCOO^OlMCOiOT it^cOrHOOi i i I i I f I r-l I i I i I i I C-1 jC^iao(3jV J "* *^t *? ^ "~1 ' r-Hcocot^tOco o F~"oo o qolN" papnoto O I O O i I O T I O i I O i i O O Or-^< jo .UH--.U, i to : co t- i i^-i co o :-*cicjcocoiO :toto-i..j... CO 'o5O-t^-^^*< 'O5OOCCOO-1O5 tO C-l CO I i I O OO i OO O -^ IM i I Ol 0-1 CO O-l -H r- 1 0-1 Kl 0-1 i I OlCOKIO-10-lC*! i li lOlOli I o O5 * 0-1 (N CO 00 >* D3 < M - O 3 M pa -*! H5 s ij O P3 O 13 ^ s j ooiooi-i .OOO.O O > *J 1 'O5 i o o O ^ -o CO CD rH *f -ti SNOW. sanoq m noiTBJnp O . O . (M t?i * iti to , US rH ,OO i o O I lr-^ Tl* O I O3 >o . o . o :co : * . rH rH .OO : o o : co r-i , O >O N : ai I-H O>OOO(MOOOO5O3 jo aaussaaj oi.H3uio.iB2 8T]1 JO - CD -CTiIOOOCO-*-* -COCJOJiOsOOO --< O> G-l OO C3 (N OI OO rHrHOOO o o o co r- oo co ; co oo co co 01 cs i ^ \ 'OCOCOOr IrH "COCOCOC'lt^Jt^ 'CO COCO(NNt>JCO J(M CO 00 CO CS e-i csi CO rH O >O i l Od rH frl O ip O lO 1C O ' 1 I t i-H O I sauom sau nj ind o o o >o : ' DAILY ME t O OO C i-H *iOi-HTt*O-^CO O o>ocoa5 :o> 1 !- O i I GO " 't O>i-H-^CO O iO GO CO O o::::::;co::::ooi-H os (M in M O 0-1 rH O o >o ;iO oo SNO 'sjnoq n; uoiiiunp Bjnoq u; noiiBanp in p 10 06 co o *2 : co ' si ' . "! o c> eaqoui >o >o t 10 co o Kl i O .0 . "3 . iO oo . ^> ^H j, o * ^t~-OiqOOp-^CDOO5-*rHOCCrH rHi Ir- li-HIMi icOCOr-HiICl t-t ir3t~-oqooi-HNoq 1-HrHi li-HO h- OO O CCCDOOOC5 : i i O5 CO OO O if5 -COOC>(MiCiOO ;(MOCOOOt-- O CO t I O 1 h- .(Mi 1 TJ ^J( CO CO . CO O O CO r- 1 .CO-^r-ia33O .(MO^JtCOmcg Cq rH C<1 <33 co co o> iMco' J oooo JCDIMOS^CO^ 4ot-iiOO ooooco*oooo ;COC^C>II-HO^)< c-io6'-'in>oj^ 30 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. ' o SNOW f-mou, ; *; : c> ; : co o o o : : *; *-{ : : : ; " ' o ii o t~ i i co ' CD 1 i 'ocooi CD CM I o o 862 GENERAL METEOROLOGICAL ABSTRACT. JUNE, g' -1 M 8JIIOIJ u; uoi^Bjnp o^Biuixoaddy . O . . . .1-- .O . .tOOOO . .~-rH ! i-H ' t I '. Io -rHCO ' lCD(M m t . O rH . (M . o o o CO >O M rH EXTREMES TEMPERATU CO t~ Oi ^^ rH t~ Oi CO O5 O5 *^ t~~ rH CO ^t* CD rH rH rH rH -}* CO rHi-H rHIMN !-HCo oo oo > i co co^- l O'^^ ooiMt coc^ococDco^coot rico Jz; ^ ^ DC a; ^ ^ CQ CQ GO ^ ^ ^ ^ GO 03 !z; 55 3 ^; co !2j ^ ^5 !z j oc !5 !?; GO a> iab ME DA r Ot^-OOb-IM (NCOiOtflOO OCMOKICOO tCCOJ^OCO ; OO O O rH t O : OO C5 CM CM C>) rH!!^ .COCMlMCOi-H 00 O CQ C-I OO OO5CO OOlMiOrfOOt i 1 CO *< * (M O COOO5OCO1 O COl~-t~-lO^flO "I lO O5 f-H >O t CO CO t 1 O r- 1 1O COOO'TflMCOO io . i o 03 co TJI no t 'Tt< -co t CD >n CO (M OOCOOOIM'H^tM 'CO^COOCCOOS COOCCO cDcoiOi jo eanssaaj Miy coost-Hirao i-Hi-ionocDtD i COI-H^GOVO I-H r-' co co i i :coOGOr-HC5 :ooooi~-oorH cc -as .CO oocoiomoir- oo oo t m oo co oomoot^-o COO>OIM(MI~- ; (N CO r-H O5 C5 rj< ; rH lO rHlMiOCO ;CN10OC5rHiOO ;rHt~OCOiOia 10 ;OO CSi-HrHOOi-HOO iO O CD CD."O lOCOCDCOCDO t-CO-J'COOOS IO.1i i Ir-Hi iMO-llMi II-HI li I M ta WH OOS<10OOOOOO-lOCOC-)C-lOCOOOOO'*OCOt J'-^-rlQO'M'MIMO^^O-tlMCO IMCO-^i ICOCOOOCOO o ot co t-t t-t- OJ 5-1 000 o CO^OC50 o i < co c 02 . cs os oo as i i r-i : 02 os i i i i OOOOOOC5 OCOOO5 i o CM o .-^TfOOf- O .TFOCO-^^O '. OOCOI- co i t co OOOOC5-^OO-t< .ocooococo -COC-ICOr-iiqo rH m i i i i 30 O t OO -^ (M . oo C5 t i i oo : O5 oo i oo co co : oo oo r t i ICOi IOOOO 1 1 GO O O CO O'MCO-i'O '^00000 I COCO-^OO ^ llM ; o ' o t-i c-i o o i i 'o : GO ' o : o >o : o p o ' co . CD . O O tO CM OO . * , -f i i j. co o o co * o o . O i CO 5-1 CO CO , GO (M CO CO -*V O ' O CM CM . CD . io co GO O & 01 eanoq III 1Ii>l)1!.mp g 5 m iiojiiuiip ajBiujxoaddy , io : o . ^-l >C O CM >O . O '. o ii CM OO . i > . * i-l j, CO -iC o " o .OO , o . !M : co co . GO (M CO . co -* as . CD . ia CO OO QO t*~ 1*~ OO CM CM offl t O5lOCC>O'*O5t (Mm 02 S5 02 03 !?; 02 02 C !Zi S5 CO (55 EC O3 fe ^3 GO. J^l O2 O2 !2i Jz; CO O3 O2 ^J ^ O2 O2 CO OS to J a * m w OiOODOOOC<5 OO ' O O ;-^f-H*;ft^.iOi < ; *o CM co f^ CD " t 'OOOOOO 'OOOOOO ' O O -H O O O JO 9JUS83JJ co-tioo-i<*ao CO l~ O O i OD CO CO ; l~ X) GO O .J-lOOOOOCOiO OOO5 CM 0^1 OOOO CM 7-1 OOO5 O t~COOOOiMC3 OCOCOMCOOO COCO 'COOOCOGOt^CO '- - OOOO5CMCO - CO O lO :j oo 10 o co co * co co co to o CO 1 1 CO o o o o CO TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 33 tf 3 u a "SJIloq cocdc-i i io''r-<''c . oo >o o o o ; co : : o : o o : : o : .I-H CO . co o 91 CO 91 EXTREMES TEMPERATUR i I-H oo co . 91 91 i i 91 91 I-H T I co o I 1 091 OOO CO WIND. l- OOtMlMCOOOfMC-lCOOOl CD' ^lOi IIMOCOOODOOOTOOrHOOi 1I-1(MOO t o DAILY MEANS. papnojo oocoh-ooo- oocoocococo ; ^5 O O OS Jt- u5 t^oooooo OOOOO^^ OOOOOO OOO Jiy JQ; jo aanssojj cii ce> IM as t~ i i i 1 O5 Tl i CO Cl i co rti (M o ao r- 1 co o COOO i ( icooo i co-^o-ii ico coooocooom oco ;coco-H-tO O irt 91 CO 11^0091100 9JimJ.lodlLl.5Jj 01 l^fcO-fCiCJ CO Tt O CO O O 1 t i i CO I OO CO O O O. CO -* _ OO t- ' 1~ O 91 O 91 1 'O O CO OO 91 OOCO CQ9-i ;ot -*i o CO lO 34 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. s\ f. X 'Bjnoq m noijBjnp 1O O O CO CO O O O o> CD rH W rji 00 i-l rt< O i-l * r-i CO CD O oooocDr-'oo t^-coi lO-'-'O-'CM-co -t< o o < i I co ooioo . r-i * i-i o CM o : . . :o : : o : co # o I-H * o : co * * : t- i* sjnoq u; uoi^Bjnp <1 SJnoq m noijBjnp *O O O 3i I O iO t- t~- lO COiOOO : CD i I CSJ -^l OO i I i CM : TJ< o r-i -* : . ^ *1 : : co * o OOiOO .11*1 I O (M O O . O . CD * -* o : OI-H : : : co * * o oo CO H - WH nmtmxBjj o'M i lO-^tlO-^OOIMCOCO' r^ rH .11 i I IM i I i I i t-^H(MOOC5CMOOl i it I OO CM CO CO O O 00 iH i-l CM CM r-1 CM rH i-l CM rH CO co CO * co rt< O CO OCDCDt CD _ i^coi--o- jginoco^coT)ococooio :OOO50O>OOC5 ; CO O5 CO O7 i 1 CM I jo 9aas93J< O lOOOh-OlOO OiMOIMiOCO CliOh-CDOCi OCJIMCi :cOC5--t l C3-tO COCOCOO50O(M i I i I O .rHl^OOCOCOO . C<1 * CD i I -^ O . 9A11B18H jo gansssjj SAVQ C5 (M OO OO C5 O O T~* CD CO CM o t : CD i i CM co co . CO oi>To o 01 CM GO co o oot~t-co>or^ i-cocoiot~- o ; CD 10 co co -^ i i ;rHOcooco^~ ;i^j--t---CM^co I 1 ^^ 1 ^^ 1 ^ ' -fl O CM* Tji rH 000 x* t~-QOO5Or- ICMCO^^OCDl^OOCOOr- ICMCO-^iCCDl^-OOOiO' I ^ J ,5 ,_, JlJ r-l rH r4 rH rH rt rH CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM C-l CO CO TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 35 RAIN AN& MELTED SNO sjnotj saipni ' C> tO ' T-H 1C O CO i 1 iO M CO CO i 1 O COINOOl O . *I I-H O CO OS m saqam o o CO iO : co * : o O O iO CO CO GO * (M O o O . t~ CO iH t 1 CO CO t co ut> i i os co 0-lt-r-IO-^'^ O5 IM O CO OS CM co cocoot-mco co ; t^ o m oo i co ;c5O5t^-ococo *~ . : o : o o o m EXTREMES TEMPERATU oocoi icor-oooocoi iio COrH __ rH rH rH C-l rH i 1 COiOIMOGCOOOOOGO !M. CO t OO ftO'Mt~inMOiS5O'^i iiOSO pp DAILY MEANS. iftCOl COt >O CJOOiO-MO :oo"Ocooco OOOCOOOOO ; o i GO cc i o OOO OOO OUOT-l ;i^oo ;ooo ;oooo O O O O O O 1 rH O O O i-l i-l O O O O O O i-H rH r-c O rH O O jiy j jo CO > I rH O O t r tot ^ iOO-COOCO - C5O5O-*O5-H - OQOCOh-OOO C-I lO >O C5 rH ^1 .c; i 'Oi oco -t-^O C3'M*-H CS O . ~t i o -OIM OCOCD 'CDiOOO .cooi OC C5 Ol (M O CO sjnssajj OUJ31UOJB2 i!7-Jcqira'M i ^i o cs JO r -o ' i -f ".c -* o-t< m r- i o rt< .OOO1~ Il'l'* o < co --fooo -OOQO O O O O CO (M. CO CO JO ,i.lll-",U,| (MO-^ = OO O1 (M D O 1 I CO -MT co 'O -O-MODOI co Ci co i cc -t< OOO3O O30O -cr-fO ;c:t h-OOt t o C5 . r O a IO CO t~lO 04 1 I O CO *O CO **>* O4 t- O1 -t* O4 CO IO CO -^ I rH IO rH CM rH T** t- rH o CO *0 rH rH oCO O 04 IO CD CD CD OO rH CO CO CO CO CO OrH IO IO lOlOlO IO 0O CO t- %*^ ^ CD CD O CO CO CO CO cS CO CS t- O4 O4 O4 CO CM r-< IO rH O rH 00 t-CO on O O rH m o o ~+ 10 O -^ ^H IO O3 O4 CO CS o rH CD CD IO CS CO CO O t- IO OS O O O4 CO 00 O IO O It * rH OO O4 CO d O^H CM rH O4 OO4 CD JC- IO 0*0 t-- t* ^I ot~ CD ^H 10 OCO O CO t CO CO CD O co CD CO CO IO -**-* ^ CO CO CO CO OO t- CO rH CM IO -^ O to ^ CO CO HI CS CO CO CO O CO 10 I-H CO rH t- o O 10 04 CD CO CS rH OS ^r "^ t- 10 rH OS CM rH O co co o IO rH OS IO 1 od -H co" tr-t-.fr- t- oO rH oO -^ iO CO CO O CO CD OrH O4 O4 IO *O IO O4 *O O CS GO ^ CO CO CS 05 OlO CO O CM CO CO OS CM *s O OS CO 3, CO IO CO CO CO O4 CO f- CO -* CS c . O CO CS HI ^ ^t- 10 CO rji O CD rH t- O CO I-H O OS .b- 04 CO OO *0 l~ OS CO OO rH CO ^ ^H r* 0' ^ CO* OO4 CO CO CO OrH O CS O OCD rH i-H d S t- Ir- CD CO CD CD IO 10 IO IO ^ ^ CO HI rH 04 CG O rH CM EC O -- O? r/3 O r-* 04 03 O rH OI DO O i 04 CO s .0 i co CO CD 00 CO CO 8 CO CD CO CO 00 00 1 O> CO CD CO CO 00 00 > to d 3 > ^ D & 1 5 o |< r 1-5 ^ o K o 1-3 ^ H ~ \ CO CD ^H CO 00 .tr- IO co CO CO O nn i > i;^ S CO O4 OS CO 25 IO O4 CO 1OO*O 00 CO CO O t- IO IO I-H CO t- CO CS CM I-H CS1 10 CO o c 1 OCO OS i t CM rH K- ffl 9 CO CS CO CO IO O IO t- Ss 04 co 10 "T 01 CO CO CD IO 04 rH CO o O CO rH o CO I-H i^ HI OS t- HI co rH OrH CO O O4 rH O4 oO iO I-H 01 01 04 s OO4 IO CO CO 04 OI 00 ot cs t- CO CO CO CO CO OrH CO b- 10 HI -* Jt- HI OOO CD CO IO IO IO 10 u O4 CO CO CO CD IO t- CS OS 04 t- OS CS CS t- rq CM HI rH CO 10 00 CO o ^J CO CO O CO rH CM IO CO CO Ci O4 Ir- o Hi cs Hi CM CM O CO rH OCC OS rH rH OrH CD rH CO oCO CD CO OS Ot rH t-- CS OCO HI OS CS 00 or t- GO o" O4 rn CM CM O4 CM O4 CM CO CM CM (N CO -^ CO CO 10 Hi HI HI O IO 1O 10 00 t-t-0 rH 10 10 co CS rH 00 CO t IO *O CS CO HI CO CM CO 00 00 10 g CO CO CO CO *t -H/l rH CO 04 CO t~ CO CO t- rH CS IO 10 CS O rH rH S ^T OlO 04 r* HI oco* cd id CD OO rH 04 Hi o-^ t- co IO OrH CM CO ^ 000 t- CO ^ ^ CM O4 CM O4 CM OI CM O4 CM CO CO CO CO ^ * -4* O IO IO IO CO O CO CO ^ - i 04 ffi O -H (^ CO O rH GO 00 00 % CO OO CO | V. X --0 s CO 00 3D 5.1 ^ s S a 1! h b i 3 1 1 i 1;' A s~ 6 9,9 1.9 6.2 6 9 .4 6.6 8.9 4.6 6. 7 (.6 1.6 9.9 8.2 ' 8.8 4 7.6 7.7 6.9 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.0 4.6 6.6 5.3 4.3 8.0 6.2 6.6 10 8.5 9.3 6.4 6.6 5.5 4.3 3.7 4.7 6.8 6.6 4.5 8.5 6.1 6.5 12 8.7 9.0 6.5 5.4 5.4 4.3 4.3 4.9 5.8 6.8 4.8 8.4 6.2 6.7 18 9.0 9.6 7.6 4.7 5.4 4.1 8.7 5.0 6.4 6.6 5.6 8.4 6.3 6.9 20 8.8 9.1 7.4 5.0 6.1 4.2 3.7 4.1 4.7 6.8 6.3 8.2 6.0 6.7 TABLE VI. Ilalf -yearly and Yearly Mean Abnormal Variations of Temperature, without regard to sign, for the six observation hours. Toronto Astro Domical Time. 2h 4h lot 14* ISb 201" 2h and 4>> 10&, 121", 18h, and alb. AU hours. Winter 76 7 4 7 9 .1 86 4 :48 1 25 8.00 1854 to 1859 5 9 5 8 6 1 5 2 6 1 6 1 6 90 5 13 5 37 6 8 6 6 6 5 6.7 6 8 6 7 6 69 6 69 6.68 Winter 6 7 6 6 7.3 7.4 7.8 7.4 6.68 7 48 7.20 . i860 to 1862 6 7 6 7 4 9 6 4.7 4.5 5 72 4 78 6.08 Year 6 2 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.9 6.20 6 13 6 13 Winter 7 3 7 1 7 7 7 9 8.4 8.1 7 22 7 99 7 75 1854 to 1862 5 9 5.8 6.0 6.2 5.0 4.9 6.84 6.01 6.30 Year 6 6 6 5 6 4 6 6 6.7 6.6 6.53 6 60 6 53 TABLE VII. Probable Variability of the Monthly Means of Temperature at each of the six observation hours, in a single year, together with their half-yearly and yearly averages, from the years 1854 to 1862 inclusive. Tear. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec. Winter. Summer Year. 2" 8.49 247 243 1.94 2 38 2.20 2.86 1.66 1.95 1.69 1.45 3.12 2 44 2.08 2.26 4 3.31 2.54 2.59 1.76 2 36 2.13 2.09 1.37 1.71 1.46 1.30 3.10 2.38 1.90 2.14 10 3.53 3 52 2.69 1.56. 1.82 1.76 1.36 1.10 1 21 1.54 1.26 3.02 2 59 1.47 2.03 12 3.67 3.85 2.76 1.52 1.76 1.88 1.33 1.14 1.07 1 56 1.30 3.04 2.70 1.45 2.07 18 3.90 3.65 2.98 1.32 1.72 1.85 1.59 1.09 1.25 1.48 1.24 3.20 2.74 1.47 2.11 20 3.89 3.57 2.85 1.38 1.95 1.99 1.67 1.01 1.26 1.69 1.23 3.12 2.71 1.54 2.13 2- 4 3.40 2.50 2.51 1.85 2.37 2.16 2.22 1.52 1.83 1.58 1.37 3.11 2.41 1.99 2.20 I 10-20 3.75 3.65 2.82 1.45 1.81 1.87 1.49 1.08 1.20 1.54 1.26 3.10 2.69 1.48 2.08 *s All hours 3.63 3.27 2.72 1.58 2.00 1.97 1.73 1.23 1.41 1.55 1.30 3.10 2.59 1.05 2.12 40 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. TABLE VIII. Mean Abnormal Variations of Temperature, with their proper signs, arranged according to the direction of the wind at the hours of observation, for each year and for the winter and summer half years, from 1860 to 1862, the summer being considered to begin April 1st and end September SQth. I860. 1861. 1862. I860 to 1862. Winter. Summer. Year. Winter. Summer. Year. Winter. Summer. Year. Winter. Summer. Year. N. -1.77 +0.78 -1.57 6.21 -137 -3.69 5.57 0.57 -3.18 5.52" 0.30 2.78 N. E. +2.15 +1.49 +1.73 + 1.44 1.60 +0.08 2.42 -0.94 1.71 + 0.19 -0.14 4-0.02 E. +6.22 0.06 +3.01 +2.67 0.73 +1.01 + 1.28 1.23 0.10 +3.24 0.75 + 1.13 S. E. +4.87 2.48 +1.09 +3.16 0.43 +0.98 +5.59 0.05 + 2.06 +4.43 0.83 + 1.35 S. +5.00 +0.74 +1.58 +3.77 +0.17 +1.34 +3.08 + 1.17 + 1.74 +3.90 +0.73 +1.56 S. W. +4.34 +1.89 +3.53 +5.00 +2.34 +4.07 +6.18 + 3.C1 +5.05 +5.11 +2.70 +4.21 w. 0.27 -0.38 0.31 0.54 +0.22 0.30 +0.57 + 1.91 + 1.07 0.09 4-0.56 +0.14 N. W. 2.91 2.34 2.63 3.25 1.66 2.42 3.55 +0.03 1.73 3.22 Il.36 2.27 Calms 2.04 0.96 1.65 +0.67 0.04 +0.16 +0.63 +0.69 +0.06 0.23 0.02 010 TABLE IX. Mean Abnormal Variations of Temperature, with their proper signs, arranged according to the direction of the wind at the hour of observation, in each month and in the year, for the period 1860 to 1862. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept Oct. NOT. Dec. Year. 1860 to 1862 1864 to 1859 N. -li.07 -7.48 -2.00 -1.12 +1.01 + 1.36 2.35 0.10 5.96 +0.77 -1.61 -7.65 2.78 2.80 N. E. 3'.73 +4.69 -3.16 1.00 + 1.76 0.07 2.15 -0.69 0.51 +2.97 +0.01 +1.03 +0.02 -1.81 E. +2.36 +2.51 +0.37 +0.37 0.87 3.04 2.60 0.12 +0.83 +5.10 +4.04 +0.01 +1.13 +1.73 S. E. +3.54 +0.65 +2.14 0.26 +0.20 -3.20 2.02 0.55 +0.09 +6.69 +4.48 +0.79 +1.35 +1.79 S. +4.56 +5.36 +2.19 2.50 + 1.78 + 1.26 0.79 0.00 +3.39 +4.15 +3.98 +2.31 +1.56 +2.89 S. W. W. +2.49 2.82 +6.19 +0.90 +3.82 + 1.78 +2.54 1.83 +0.91 +0.15 +1.67 +1.42 +2.17 +0.05 +2.75 +2.60 +5.27 +0.97 +8.37 + 1.41 +1.43 0.65 +8.74 -0.85 +4.21 +0.14 +3.45, 2.18 N. W. 6.49 -6.37 3.38 3.22 -0.85 +2.44 1.94 1.99 -3.41 -0.16 0.25 -2.71 2.27 3.54 Calais. 4.81 I 1.13 +2.03 -1.38 0.96 -0.67 +1.49 +0.23 0.18 +2.05 +0.08 +0,81 0.10 +1.33 r TABLE X. Shewing, for the period 1853 to 1862, the number of times in each month in which the temperature at the hour of observation differed from the normal to the extent of 15 and upwards, with the average value of the corresponding deviation. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec. > - Number 4$ 7 88 ' 55 15 21 35 z 12 30 53 37 46 > 0> t- +* O Uatio to mean 1.24 2.19 1.45 0.40 0.55 0.92 0.55 0.32 0.79 1.40 '0.98 1.21 J= g Average excess 17.5 18.3 17.6 16.9 17.9 16.5 16.5 17.4 16.9 17.7 17.1 18.8 P41H PL, ci / I -f 240 227 24 15 9 5 1 ft 8 2& 178 P< 00 s S 2 Ratio to mean 3.16 2.99 1.77 0.32 0.34 0.20 0.12 0.07 0.21 0.11 0.37 2.35 4= ! 3 Average defect 22.9 21.5 20.4 17.3 17.7 18.0 15.5 16.6 1(5.6 16.3 18.8 20.9 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 41 CO 1O >0 rjl O CM as co CM CO t- rH US -^ rH rH 10 O 1 oco >O f- CO CO 1O US .t- i>- CO t~ CO 00 CO US V 8 S b 1O CO CO CO 10 rH CD rH CM CO CO US CM CM CO a -S in rH jt rH CD CO CD CO CO CD CO CO CO i> *- CO i! ~ m 1O CO rH ^ 00 CO t- ^H O rH CD CO CO ^^ |o o ' t- CO 03 O 00 CO CO t~ OS t- .t- CO E s S o o 5 J> * co us rH O 1O CO CM CO CD t~ CO TJ* ** 01 S .J* <=t- CO CO CO t~ OJ .t- CO rH 00 CO CO CO OO CO rH 1*3 atmnny CO to CD 1O rH CO OS OS -* O CM 1O OJ OS O CM US rH OS rH rH CM CM OS t~ CM CM CO CO 1O rH CO o CO S S g O O CM O * CO CM WS O CO 1O CO CM CO CM Tt< 00 CM CO ^ co CO 1O 00 OO t- 10 OS CO OS O CM rH CM O 10 00 o o O rH rH r-^ rH CM CM rH rH O O O O O o *;? *- os 10 CO os co CO rH ^- OS IT- US *- *- 00 00 OS c 1* :|f *"^_ CO CO CD 1O CO f CM rH CD - O rH CN1 CD OS CO i-l CO CO US CO CO t-! a o O CO O 10 rH O CM J> * rH rH rH O rH rH O t- CO rH l-H *- 1 1 'S'g s" (M -* CM CO OS CO CD OS US 1Q CO CO rH CO rH O rH 2 all a 8 ,u !Ai . ^ CO OS rH CM CO *> rH i ( t- CO l-H CO ** CM CO CM US 00 CM * CM * O CM rH o c d||| ama,ny O f~ .t- CO CO rH O CM CO - rH US CO rH CM CO i^ t-4 U3 CM CO CM CM CO ll -B-ij^ 1 i-( O O rH rn O O V g a g -a a nil ram n S O CO CM CO CO OS * CO CO .t- CO CM 1O .t- OS CO CM US OS 1O OS CO rH J t- o * us rH rH S C .2 " "" rH O o o rH O O O rH rH O O O r-l rH rH rH S 1 ^ * "oljl Suudg CO CO O CO CO 1C CO 1O t- CM CD rH CD O CO OS CO t~ CO US >* rH rH ^C US US OS S "^ .2 0*3 _ rH O rH rH O o- o O rH rH rH rH rH fc 3 111!* *J9^UI^ CO CO rH CO CO - 1O O 00 "^ CM CM -rf( i-H CM 1> CO OS -* CM t~ rH CO O O3 CO CM -rf OS OS s (xi fe r ~ t CD rH O O o o O O rH CM rH rH rH rH o <*> ~ S "1 a, 'auHrjny 1O CO 10 J> 00 CM rH CO rH us t- rH CO 00 rH CO 10 rH CO * * g os 1} asrarang CM O rH O rH rH CM rH CO rH rH t- 10 OS CM CO CO CO ?J H3 05 S o S oj &H-S &S g| ^ S-a Saudg O CM O 00 CO O rH CO CO CM rH O 00 rH CM rH O CM fH rH rH CO *1 I S 1 jj S" 3 ^ 1O CO CO CO rH CO t- 1 1 -* 00 OS CD rH t- OS CO rH 00 CO US O CM rH '.S 8 ^ r| H N| w GQ *? *s ai B? & * ^ ^ ? z * fc " i25 ~3 42 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. TABLE XII. Relative frequency of the several Winds during extraordinarily low temperatures, when the temperature at the hour of observation was below the normal by 15 and upwards, with the average defect of temperature for each wind, deduced from observations in the ten years 1853 to 1862. t & J 3 g 1 u^ny CO 00 CO OS O CO r- I I 10 : IO CD : f~ iC OS rH IO CD I-H OS CO CO rH 0) rH jaramng CO CM CO IN CO . . iC O t- co t- co Oirj If} co .r- 10 co T 1 CO CO CD 00 CO CO "Suudg CO I-H OO l-i CM CM q ic oq ^ CO 00 rH rH rH : : i ; co ; d CO O I-H IN co 10 q OS OS O i-H rH CM oq rH W IO IO CO CO " CO r- t- rH IO CO CM IN CO rH O rH rH o o o o aammng O CO IN CO 1C CD OS CO oo co t- IO CM OS f- IN CO t~ IO OS r~ os IO t~ CO i-H 00 o ic in rH I-H rH O O O rH o o O I-H rH O o o rH l-H rH rH Soudg CO CO O CO CO IO CO IO t- CM CO I-H 00 O 00 OS CO f^ I-H 10 1C rH iC 10 OS rH O O rH i-H o o I-H O O I-H I 1 r- rH o ^ ao ao rH 00 i- IO IO CO t^ CO O CO 1C IN CO t- 05 g IO IO IO IO IO CD IO iO CD IO CD CO CD CD IO CD IO IO CO IO CD lr- CO CM CM IN IN CM CM CM CM* CN IN CN CN CM* CM* CM* CM IN CM CM CM CM CM CM CM *s CO 10 O if rH T^ CD t- rH b- CO _ CM -^ CM CO b- IO CM on CO 1>- CM CM 10 CO if * b IO OS b- O OS rH O CM rH IO CM CD 00 IO IO IO IO IO CO CO CO CD IO CD CO CD CD IO CO IO IO CD IO CD lr- CD CO 3 IN IN IN IN CM CM CM CSJ IN CM IN CM s rf O CO IN if rH as 10 CO CO OS O (M OS IO CO CD IO CO OS CO CO CM b- 00 IO CO O OS OS >O if if if CO O 00 f t- O rH IT- 10 -^ CO CM o CO b- CD CD IO IO IO T^ IO ^ o IO IO b- IO IO IO IO IO rt< IO IO IO >^ CN O 10 CO CO 00 r-c CS OS rH O 1 CO CD CO _ IN CO OS IO O CO OS CO O GO CD IO rH IO CO OO CD CO CO IO CO 'S CD CD CO CO CO iO -O IO "^ CO "^ ib IO IO b- CO IO IO IO IO -t O JO IO IN IN IN CM CM ^* &* B c3 ^ _^ _ - ^ j h> * - ~t * P p* "* " B f-J - -* ~ ^ O " "* s ^ O 3 EL " G 3 fa a < -= TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. TABLE XVII. Monthly and annual means of the Barometric Pressure furnished by six daily observations, from 1860 to 1862. Barometer at temperature 32 = 27 inches -f- the rtumbers in the table. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec. Yer. 1860 1861 1862 2.643 2.652 2.727 2632 2.544 2.608 2.511 2621 2.504 2.578 2.564 2.726 2.566 2.545 2.590 2.498 2.570 2.504 2.564 2551 2.547 2.582 2.653 2.616 2673 2.608 2.683 2.671 2.619 2.619 2523 2.537 2.636 2.667 2.746 2.678 2.592 2.601 2.625 Means 1860 to 1862 2.674 2.595 2545 2.623 2.567 2.544 2.554 2.617 2.655 2.636 2.565 2.697 2.606 Means 1854 to 1859 2.667 2.639 2.538 2.572 2.596 2.544 2.614 2.606 2.675 2.653 2.595 2.670 2.614 TABLE XVIII. Monthly means of the Barometric Pressure at each of the six observation hours, for the period 1860 to 1862. Barometer at temperature 32 = 27 inches -f- the numbers in the table. Toronto Astronomical Time. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec. Year. 2" 2.650 2575 2.525 2.611 2.560 2.536 2.544 2.607 2.640 2.616 2.548 2.682 2.591 4 2.659 2.575 2.523 2599 2.548 2523 2.535 2.595 2.633 2.617 2556 2.693 2.588 10 2.65 2.597 2.557 2.620 2.568 2.541 2.561 2.618 2.664 2.6. - .126 - 197 + 135 - .023 + .079 + .042 + .001 + .019 + .027 + .034 - .151 + .130 + .009 + .016 s.w. - .048 - .114 - .207 - .118 - .042 - .120 - .111 - .082 - .129 - .168 - .203 - .028 - .114 .115 w. + .076 + .007 - .144 - .065 - 181 - .134 - .114 - .109 - .089 - .165 - .097 - .044 + .078 .061 N.W. + .088 + .027 - .028 + .028 - .018 - .007 - .040 - .025 - .005 + .002 - .056 + .065 - .005 .017 Calms + .073 + -146 + .01)2 + .041 + .041 + .021 - .017 + .051 + .089 - .020 - .109 + .138 + .030 + .030 TABLE XXIV. Mean Differences without regard to sign between the barometric pressures at 6 a.m. on consecutive days, for each month in the years 1860 to 1862. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. Jnly. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Do. Year. I860 1861 1862 0.255 .254 .337 0.24S J80 .289 0.174 .330 .200 0.223 .161 .201 0.123 .220 .136 0.135 .147 .162 0.188 .103 .142 0.114 .081 .166 0.164 .175 .150 0.144 .221 .211 0.258 .215 .188 0.247 .265 .235 0.189 .208 .201 Means 1860 to 1862 .. . . 0282 0289 235 195 160 148 144 120 163 0192 0220 0249 0.199 Means 1854 to 1859 280 0253 0257 0217 0.160 0.126 110 128 161 0.168 0248 0.273 0.198 Meann 1854 to 1862 0.281 0.265 JJ.250 0.210 0160 0.133 0121 Oi25 0.165 0.176 0239 0.265 0198 TABLE XXV. Mean change in the Barometer with its proper sign, from 6 a.m. to 6 a.m., for the period 1860 to 1862, arranged according to the daily resultant direction of the wind. Year. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. Jnly. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec. 1860 to 1862. 1854 to 1859. N. +0.107 +0.093 +0.194 +0.105 0.116 +0.127 +0.106 0.031 +0.092 0.006 +0.086 +0.067 +0.076 +0.097 N.K. .237 .347 .179 .126 .074 + .063 .081 + .016 .055 .090 .172 .233 .137 .102 . .548 .352 .267 .151 .123 .135 .097 .071 .237 .197 .254 .246 .196 .179 S.E. * .205 .312 .118 .091 .282 .072 .199 .119 + .042 .405 .206 .178 .197 8. + .074 .362 .443 .113 .017 .159 .089 .079 .097 .314 .381 .170 .130 .099 S.W. .094 .106 .120 + .018 .067 .148 .099 .092 .021 .035 .066 .201 .089 .036 w. + .192 + .170 + .112 + .213 + .15* + .059 + .101 + .048 + .189 + .119 + .228 + .134 + .143 + .144 N.W. + .234 + .330 + .183 + .148 + .154 + .139 + .133 + .192 + .156 + .248 + .106 + .233 + .183 + .170 * No case of a S.E resultant occurred ID January. TABLE XXVI. Highest and lowest Readings of the Barometer in each month, for the years 1860, 1861, and 1862. Barometer at 32 = 27 inches -j- the numbers in the Table. HIGHEST. Year. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. .Dec. Year. Barometer. Date. 1860 1861 1862 3.142 3.330 3.300 3136 3.144 3.138 2.934 3200 2.828 3.265 3.120 3.117 2886 2.955 2942 2.859 2.810 3.109 2839 2830 2.957 2.903 2.902 2.977 3170 3104 3.031 2982 3 054 3.039 2.959 3.000 3.469 3.267 3182 3.453 3.267 3330 3.469 December 14. January 22. November 15. Means 3.257 3.139 2987 3.167 2.928 2.926 2.875 2.927 3.102 3.025 3.143 3.301 3.355 LOWEST. I860 2.155 1.920 2044 1.896 2.088 1.909 2.157 2211 2.233 2019 1.S44 1.83S 1.838 December 20. 1S61 2.006 1.979 2.034 2055 1.644 2.17 2.269 2382 2.076 1.998 2.006 2.171 1.644 May 6. 1862 1.965 2.011 1.805 2.076 2.238 2.1C.3 2.198 2.326 2.107 2.047 2.132 2.10-5 1.805 March 3. Means 2.042 1.970 1.961 2.009 1.990 2.083 2.207 2.306 2.139 2.021 1.994 2.038 1.762 48 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. s 1 " IO CO CO t^ cn Oi OO CO < O O OO d 01 cn 10 CO O CO o OS t~ Oi O> d rH cn t CMO Ol uo CO OD rH lOCO to Oi CO % . i. rHOO o rH COd d d CO CO CO CO OO CO "^ CO to to to to H oq oi 01 CM 03 01 CM C-I ddd d ddd d OIO1 Ol d d Ol d d t^ CO CO rHOO O I O* rH COCO Ol rH rH i-H I * CO CO d CO d t- CO d d IO to to I-H CO CO n< coco d OO CO OiCC -H Tf CO CO co co-^ cn Oi CO COOi'l* tO d to to CO to Oi cicioi 01 010101 d ddd d ddd d 010101 d ddd d i 00 rH t-cooo cool cn rH rHO 2 *n *o os CO O * r-i CM rH CO t- rH dd rH CO * O> CO d d CO CO rH CO cn cc to CO CO CO Oi CO CO *O CO CO CO Tp to CO CO t to co CO O Ol to CO tO o 01 cioi 01 O1O1 Ol d ddd d dCld 01 Ol Ol Ol d ddd d -I e CO Ol O & o o >o ^r o co CO CO CO O d o d rH CO CO to OO CO O CM 00 d Oi cn co t~ to Oi -^ *0 rH rH rH rH rH CM rH rH cod co CO Tf COCO CO CO CO ^ CO to tO tO o oicqoi CM Ol Ol Ol d d dOl d ddd d OlOlOl d ddd d to 00 I-H rH IOOOO IO rH Oi rH rH O i-H 01 i-H O IO iO CO CO CO rH i rH rH CO d CO to CO CO CO d d g c-icncn rf co CO o to CO CO O CO CO CO Tf tO CO CO Ci O CO CO to 10 10 to o to "~ cqoq oq Ol 010101 d ddd d ddd d CM 01 01 d ddd d to & CO Ol CO rH O O cS o IO 1C OO h- O> "* 000 rH & rHCD OO 1 Oi IO rH I d rH d Cl d Ol r-OCO t-Ol- CO CO d CO < 1 CO CO ^J* O rH m Tt< CO CO ^ rH CO CO Ci Tf to r~oi to to to CO tO g J oioici | 01 Ol Ol Ol d 01 dd d ddd d ddd d Ol d d d *jl 01 rH Ol CO rHOO 001^ O O O OO O 2 rH d t CC O rH 1 COCI'* o cnco CO Cl d 5 CO rH CO Ci o ^r d CO-* to CO O O CO to tO to to i 5 oq 01 cq cq CD CO CO 00 OC CO 00 % V CO CO tO oc x -r_ 00 a ee a> SrH d O CO CO 00 00 00 % O-H Ol CO CO CO CC CC CO 00 a 5 ' "a c - li s g g & s, g . o 11 : rS i S o &< a 00 a g W -1 J t>>" " cV - - - %- ' * g: - o b .s + < | j Bi 3 O o 9 a 13 a ryi ^ -S 5* -t- d CO Oi ^ CO r* GS en CO Ol rH O OO CO CO Ol g CO tO d Ci O -r CO COCO 1 d < CO CO cn -* d Oi cc cn -H to CO CO-* CO CO CO tO d coco Cl O i d rH B 2 I O OO O 1 ^f O Ol d t rH Si t" Cq CM C^ oq Cl d Ol d Ol Ol Cl 01 ddd d ci d ci d d d d d Q _ CO T* -* ^ IO CM 1Q Jt- oo **" to CO O CO -H 00 rH 00 cl rH rH IO rH CO tod co CO rH CO -* CO-* CO O CO CO 8 *S> 2 IO 1C O 1O O -^ j ^ CO to CO - O rH rH Ci d rH 1 cq cq cq cq C-T oq oq oq oq oq cq oq d oq cq d d cq d d ddd d m O rH C-1 r/l rH oq cn O rH C-1 CO O rH d O rH d CQ CO CO CO K CO CO CO H CO CO CO c CO CO CO C CO OO CO es CO 00 GO OO GO CO CO 00 CO 1 CO 00 CO CO 00 GO g 1 a a a a a a El t>> H B a- - ^ * ~f ~f ~. ^ -. - i 1 3 - - O rH lr c a O " ~ a 3 -5 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 49 TABLE XXVIII. Monthly and annual means of the Pressure of Dry Air, furnished by six daily observations, from 1860 to 1862. Pressure of Dry Air at 32 27 inches + the numbers in the table. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec. Tear. 1860 1861 1862 2.533 2.549 > 2.624* 2.520 2.414 2.501 2.363 2.493 2.372 2.393 2.365 2.542 2.228 2.313 2.337 2.084 2.192 2.219 2.137 2.084 2.075 2.119 2.158 2.106 2.332 2.209 2.265 2.399 2.327 2.319 2.327 2.359 2.465 2.55J 2.595 2.536 2.334 2.338 2.363 Means 1860 to 1862 2.509 ! 2.478 2.409 2.433 2.2U3 2.165 2.099 2.128 2.L'69 2.349 2.384 2.560 2.345 Means 1854 to 1859 2.556 2.536 2.405 2.388 2.331 2.137 2.107 2.148 2.292 2.406 2.419 2.551 2.356 TABLE XXIX. Monthly means of the Pressure of Dry Air at each of the six observation hours, for the period 1860 to 1862. Pressure of Dry Air at 32 = 27 inches + the numbers in the table. Toronto Astronomical Time. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec Year. 2 a 4 10 12 18 20 2.538 2.548 2.579 2.58"0 2.575 2.591 2.455 2.454 2.480 2.481 2.496 2.505 2.378 2.379 2.421 2.420 2.425 2.433 2.407 2.403 2.430 2.433 2.4'61 2.466 2.262 2.258 2.300 2.309 2.314 2.312 2.129 2.121 2.176 2.187 2.200 2.179 2.059 2.065 2.121 2.129 2.119 2.097 2.072 2.071 2. iSO 2.158 2.173 2.142 2.220 2.222 2.291 2.302 2.298 2.277 2.307 2.316 2.350 2.356 2.379 2.382 2.359 2.371 2.395 2.392 2.385 2.399 2.541 2.553 2.567 2.567 2.557 2.579 2.311 2.313 2.355 2.359 2.365 2.364 N TABLE XXX. Monthly mean abnormal variations of the Pressure of Dry Air without regard to siijn, for each month of the years 1860 to 1862. || Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec. Year. 1800 1861 1862 J0.238 i .226 .256 0.258 .283 .211 0.224 .257 .205 0.229 .227 .231 0.178 .251 .129 0.207 .180 .192 0.182 .164 .155 0.183 .174 .215 0.201 .210 .193 0.194 .235 .216 0.235 .200 .218 0.351 .259 .237 0.223 .222 .205 Means 1860 to 1862 0.240 0.251 0.2^9 0.229 J0.186 0.193 0.167 0.191 0.201 0.215 0.218 0.282 0.217 50 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. TABLE XXXI. Monthly Mean Abnormal Variations of the Pressure of Dry Air, without regard to sign, at each of the six observation hours, for the. period 1860 to 1862. Toronto Astronomical Time. January. February, March. April. May. June. July. AngtiBt. September October. NoYember December. Year. 2" 0.246 0.240 0.236 0.228 0.194 0.203 0.164 0.194 0.205 0.222 0.212 0.291 0.220 4 .242 .240 232 .241 .193 .196 .161 .192 .200 .214 .207 .28!) .217 10 .232 .245 220 .232 .186 .173 .155 .194 .191 .214 .214 .294 .213 12 .229 .250 .221 .230 .187 .177 .100 .196 .190 .218 .217 .287 .213 18 .244 .267 .230 .221 .182 .204 .186 .186 .210 .212 .227 .264 .219 20 .247 .263 .232 '.221 .175 .203 .179 .183 .212 .212 .229 .269 .219 TABLE XXXII. Mean Abnormal Variations of the Pressure of Dry Air, with their proper siyns, arranged according to the direction of the wind, for each year and for the winter and summer half years, from 1860 to 1862, the summer being considered to begin April 1st, and end September SQth. 1860. 1861. 1862. Menn 1860-18(52. Winter. Summer. Yoar. Winter. Summer. Year. Winter. Summer. Year. Winter. Summer. Year. N. +0.157 +0.028 +0.083 +O.T84 +0.064 +0.073 +0.1R1 +0.118 +0.141 +0.136 +0.068 +0.101 N.E. + .00!) .068 035 .029 .020 .026 + .089 + .128 + .108 + .(125 + .008 + .016 E. .018 .004 .011 .028 + .012 .008 + .009 + .044 + .029! .012 + .021 + .005 8.E. .017 + .086 + 036 + .017 + .029 + .024 .103 + .089 + .017 .028 + .064 + .026 S. .080 + .021 + 004 .046 + .025 + .002 .047 + .001 .014 .054 + .015 .003 s w. .182 .186 .183 .094 .131 .107:1 .181 .143 .164 .149 .162 .160 w. .053 .107 .072 .025 .165 .071 .049 .038 .045 .043 .100 .063 N.W. + .025 + .055 + .040 + .059 .006 + .025 + .048 + .036 + .042 + .042 + .032 + .036 Calms. + .044 + .030 + .039 .026 + .045 +^ .026 + .047 + .058 + .052 + .019 1 + .046 + .035 TABLE XXXIII. Mean Abnormal Variations of the Pressure of Dry Air, with their proper siyns, arranged according to the direction of the wind in each month and in the year, for the period 1860 to 1862. January. February. March. April. May. June. July. August. September October. November December Year. N. +0.197 +0.124 +0.042 +0.061 +0.070 +0.08S +0.043 +0.072 +0.075 +0.129 +0.037 +0.247 +0.101 N.E. + .038 .145 + .046 + .036 .048 + .040 .031 .023 + .099 + .08 + .045 + .101 + .016 E. + .012 .045 .008 + .045 .037 + .099 .025 .003 + .007 .078 + .060 + .032 + .005 8.E. - .176 .102 + .027 + .190 + .053 + .163 .039 .084 + .088 .073 + .004 + .106 + .026 S. .164 .224 + .152 + .032 + .058 + .080 + .006 .005 .037 + .010 .158 + .111 .003 8.W. .069 .145 .206 .116 .062 .lf,r, .157 .144 .226 .265 .184 .083 .150 W. + .087 + .004 .121 .043 .178 .098 .107 .122 .054 .160 .070 .034 .063 N.W. + .115 + .056 + .021 + .071 + .017 .021 + .030 + .041 + .070 + .023 .041 + .083 + .036 Calms. + .087 + -147 + .019 + .048 + .067 + .06C .017 + .050 + .068 .067 .107 + .135 + .035 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 51 TABLE XXXIV. Mean Differences, without regard to sign, between the Pressures of Dry Air at 6 a. m. on consecutive days, for each month in the years 1860 to 1862. Jon. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec. Tear. 1860 1861 1862 0.283 .275 .371 0.283 .354 .326 0.192 .366 .216 0.261 .183 .227 0.161 .251 .190 0.211 .218 .227 0.285 .149 .192 0.186 .135 .262 0.227 .236 .240 0.178 .257 .276 0.266 .240 .215 0.263 .302 .261 0.233 .247 .250 Means 1860 to 1862 0.310 0.321 0.258 0.224 0.201 0.219 0.209 0.194 0.234 0.237 0.240 0.275 0.243 TABLE XXXV. Mean Changes in the Pressure of Dry Air, with their proper signs, from 6 a.m. to 6 a.m., for the period 1860 to 1862, arranged according to the daily resultant direction of the wind. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nor. Dec. Year. N. +0.119 +0.100 +0.215 +0.132 -0.112 +0.141 +0.122 0.033 +0.161 +0.023 +0.106 +0.072 +0.096 N.E. .263 .368 .190 .145 .093 + .070 .089 + .045 .068 - .Ill .194 .258 .152 B. .598 .413 .301 - .178 .142 - .155 .149 .115 .345 .253 .276 .305 .240 S.E. * .228 .284 .154 .122 .410 .171 .330 .288 + .008 .495 .261 .264 S. + .032 .404 .478 .171 + .008 .279 .160 .110 .178 .450 .364 .170 .189 s.w. .122 .110 .151 + .018 .116 .222 .145 .112 .021 .019 .065 .228 .109 w. + .214 + .189 + .133 + .245 + .204 + .098 + .224 + .087 + .249 + .169 + .251 + .166 + .180 N.W. + .282 + .354 + .195 + .175 + .181 + .202 + .195 + .284 + .267 + .293 + .135 + .252 + .227 * No case of a S.E. resultant occurred in January. TABLE XXXVI. Highest and Lowest Pressures of Dry Air in each month, for 1860, 1861, and 1862. Pressure of Dry Air at 32 = 27 inches + the numbers in the table. HIGHEST. Year. Year. Jan. Feb. April. May. June. Jnly. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec. Pressures. Dales. 1860 3.110 3.070 2.787 3.160 2.685 2.550 2.551 2.561 3.025 2.788 2.886 3.222 3.222 Dec. 14. 1861 3.265 3 . 103 3.169 2.963 2.772 2.590 2.472 2.600 2.8191 2.886 2.861 3.127 3.265 Jan. 23. 1862 3.217 3.090 2.755 3.014 2.735 2.878 2.483 2.706 2.786 2.873 3.356 3.371 3.371 Dec. 20. Means ... 3 . 197 3.088 2.904 3.046 2.731 2.073 2.502 2.622 2.877 2.849 3.034 3.240 . 3.286 LOWEST. 1860 1.985 1.783 1.647 1.689 1.665 1.469 1.490 1.600 1.868 1.684 1.621 1.643 1.469 June 4. 1801 1.832 1.826 1.833 1.710 1.333 1.500 1.611 1.614 ' 1.740 1.734 1.773 1.825 1.333 May 6. 1862 1.721 1.841 1.646 1.835 1.805 1.637 1.550 1.601 1.441 1.719 1.982 1.858 1.441 Sept. 1. Means... 1.846 1.817 1.709 1.745 1.G01 1.535 1.550 1.605 1 . 682 1.712 1.792 1.709 1.414 52 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. CM O OO o o oo S 55 K o M M M pq I IT- t- CO CM co IT- MI MI Mi CO IO MI CO IO O CO OS 1 MI Ml 10 Oi 00 CM O 00 Ml rH ! CO Ml Ml 00 CC CM CM O *r- en o CM CM CO 00 00 CM IO OO 1-H OS t- t- 00 -O l-H 1 1 O Tt< CD CO s O o o o d ' ' o O o o O o o Ml 00 CD IO CD 00 MI M< MI 0> CD Ml O O IO t- O rH MI IO IO s O rH CO 10 O CM 1-H cn CO IO 00 CM CO 00 00 CM CM CM CO IT- CM . CO rH CO Os CO CO S CO O CO rH CO CO I-H i-H i-H en CM 1-H O o o o d ' o ! d o o o o M 00 1 1 O rH IO CM CO IO IO 3 rH O OS CO 10 tr- MI MI MI CO IO CO CD O " t- cn CO CC3 CO o cc CO CM Ml IO cc cc Jr CM CM CM tr- CD 05 CM CM t- OS 00 CD i 1 rH i 1 o 00 1 1 CD 00 (M r- ^ -^ IO CO rH O o o' o O d O O o .0 cn cn CM O CO IO m CO 1-H rH CO Ml CO 00 CC Jr- CD os CM t- 00 CO CC CO Ml CO CO CO O CD co cn en CM CM CM CO 00 CM IT- CM tr- OO IT- CD 10 ^ c; t- r-i -rf CO CO CO 1-H o o O O O O o M o OS OS CM rH Ml IO Ml O CM CM IO IT- 00 00 CO CO 05 Ml CO (r- O CO r~ OS CO CM en co 10 en m IT- cc OS ^ CO O 1-H 1C ^ Jr- co I t MI MI MI * MI MI Mi MI CO CO Ml CM CM CO o CO IO CD CC IO CO Mi MI CM MI 00 CM CM CO CO o CO O 00 00 CM 1-H rH 00 o -r Ml o o O O ' d o o o o t O rH CM CO CD CD i O -H CM CO CO CO CO C O CM CO CO CO CO C O rH CM CO CO CO CO B O I CM [ CO CC CC CO B O --H OJ (^ CO CO CO B CO 00 00 CO 00 00 3 00 00 00 Kt eg 00 00 00 o OO 00 00 CC 00 00 f, s g & g s s If H - . a 1 3 >" " s" 3 o >-s *3 *n O ft a i O CM CO rH O O IO o 1 i i i 1 1 rH i i i 1 1 1 CO CM CM CM Ml CO CO CO o O O o o d O 0', . d CO 00 O rH O CM IO r CO CO O CO ast- IO IO CM OS Os cn MI O CO 00 o cn o i CM O rH CO (M 1 OH a a 3 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 53 TABLE XXXVIII. Monthly and annual means of the Pressure of Vapour furnished by six daily observations, from 1860 to 1862. Jim Feb. March. Ap'll. May. June. July. Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. t Dec. Year. 1860 1861 1862 0.110 .102 .103 0.112 .130 .107 0.148 .127 .132 0.185 .199 .184 0.338 .232 .253 0.414 .377 .346 0.427 .467 .473 0.463 .495 .510 0.342 .400 .418 0.272 .292 .300 0.195 .178 .171 0.115 .151 .142 0.260 .262 .262 Means 1860 to 1862 0.105 0.116 0.136 0.189 0.274 0.379 0.456 0.489 0.387 0.288 0.181 0.136 0.261 Means 1854 to 1859 0.112 0.104 0.133 0.184 0.266 0.407 0.507 0.458 0.384 0.247 0.176 0.120 1 0.258 TABLE XXXIX. Monthly means of the Pressure of Vapour at each of the six, observation hours, for the period 1860 to 1862. Toronto Astrouoinicnl Time. Jan. Fell. March. April. May. June July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec. Tear. 2h 0.111 0.120 0.147 0.204 0.298 0.407 0.485 0.535 0.420 0.309 0.189 0.141 0.280 4 .111 .121 .144 .196 .289 .402 .471 .524 .411 .302 .185 .140 .275 10 .106 .117 .136 .191 .267 .365 .440 .468 .373 .290 .179 .137 .256 12 .102 .116 .131 .187 .258 .354 .433 .462 .364 .283 .175 .133 .250 18 .101 .112 .126 .175 .259 .358 .435 .453 .360 .267 .180 .135 .247 20 .100 .112 .131 .182 .275 .388 .469 .495 .391 .278 .180 .129 .261 4 ll TABLE XL. Monthly mean abnormal variations of the Pressure of Vapour, without regard to siyn, for each month of the years 1860 to 1862. . Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec. Tear. 1860 1861 1862 0.043 .037 .039 0.051 .041 .033 0.046 .047 .028 0.048 .054 .056 0.081 .072 -.062 0.078 .087 .033 0.091 .091 .079 0.094 .090 .113 0.111 .078 .096 0.067 .076 .092 0.059 .037 .041 0.035 .060 .046 0.067 .064 .064 Means 1860 to 1862 0.040 0.042 0.040 0.053 0.072 0.083 0.087 0.099 0.095 0.073 0.046 0.047 0.065 54 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. TABLE XLI. Monthly mean alinormal variations (if the Pressure of Vapour, without regard to sign, at each of the six observation hours, for the period 1860 to 1862. Toronto Astronomical Time. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. 1 2" 0.040 0.040 0.043 0.002 0.085 0.093 0.092 0.106 0.110 0.082 0.047 0.049 0.071 4 .038 .041 .043 .0(11 .087 .092 .097 .108 .106 .078 .045 .048 .070 10 .040 .044 .030 .056 .065 .076 .081 .090 .094 .081 .046 .049 .064 12 .041 .043 .035 .049 .066 .073 .083 .098 .089 .081 .045 .047 .063 18 .041 .043 .042 .040 .063 .078 .084 .094 .079 .074 .045 .047 .061 20 .039 .041 .042 .049 .005 .083 .083 .091 .093 .073 .044 .043 .062 TABLE XLII. Mean abnormal variations of the Pressure of Vapour, with their proper signs, arranged according to the direction of the wind, for each year and for the winter and summer half years, from 1860 to 1862, the summer being considered to begin April 1st, and end September BOth. I860. 1861.. 1862. Mean 1860 to 1862. Winter. Summer. Year. Winter. Summer. Year. Winter. Summer. Year. Winter. Summer. Year. N. -0.020 -0.011 0.015 -0.019 -0.042 -0.031 -0.025 0.052 0.038 -0.022 -0.033 -0.028 N.E. + .031 + .031 + .031 4- .028 .010 + .011 - .013 - .030 .021 + .013 .000 + .006 E. + .056 + .001 + .027 + .032 .008 + .012 + .025 .004 + .008 + .036 .004 + .015 S.E. 4- .059 .022 + .017 4- .031 .001 4- .012 + .047 + .001 4- .018 + .045 .006 + .015 S. + .032 + .007 + ..012 + .018 4- .008 4- .011 + .014 4- .017 + .016 4- .020 + .011 + .013 S.W. + .016 4- .038 4- .023 4- .031 + .040 4- .034 + .052 + .068 4- .059 + .032 + .050 4- .039 w. - .013 .022 .016 .009 .009 .009 _ .006 .004 _ .000 .010 .012 _ .010 N.W. .024 .065 .045 .024 .041 .033 .020 .045 .033 .023 .052 .037 Calm. - .001 .018 .008 + .013 .015 - .008 4- .016 .009 4- .004 4- .009 .014 - .005 TABLE XLIII. Mean abnormal variations of the Pressure of Vapour, with their proper signs, arranged according to the direction of the wind, in each month and in the year, for the period 1860 to 1862. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1 Dec. | Year. N. 0.051 -0.024 -0.009 -0005 -0.022 -0.058 0.067 0.019 -0.034 4-0.008 0.014 -0.030 0.028 N.E. .012 4- .036 .003 .003 4- .031 .035 .030 4- .021 .013 4- .035 4- .018 4- .005 4- .006 E. + .015 4- .023 + .011 4- .006 .000 .062 - .018 4- .023 4- .033 4- .086 4- .046 4- .035 4- .015 S.E. . + .023 4- .017 4- .013 .007 .008 - .077 .009 4- .053 - .008 4- .086 4- .053 4- .033 4. .015 8. + .031 4- .026 4- .004 .019 + .012 .031 .009 4- .026 4- .058 4- .027 + .009 4. .015 4- .013 SW. + .013 4- .029 4- .021 4- .021 4- .007 4- .040 4- .045 4- .065 4. .092 + .101 - .013 4- .054 + .039 W. - .017 4- .002 .001 .003 .008 .029 .012 4- .017 .042 ._ .001 - .026 !_ .014 _ .010 N.W. .033 .032 .025 - .016 .038 .040 .074 .061 .076 .014 - .012 .021 | .037 Calm. I- .021 - .005 4- .016 .002 .027 .044 .000 4- .002 .014 4- .049 .002 4- .002 .005 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 55 TABLE XLIV. Mean Differences, -without regard to siyn, between the Pressures of Vapour at 6 a.m. on consecutive days, for each month in the years 1860 to 1862. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. 1860 1861 1862 0.040 .034 .041 0.044 .043 .043 0.041 .047 .029 0.048 .041 .037 0.046 .044 .044 0.101 .083 .088 0.107 .070 .070 0.082 .073 .110 0.089 .089 .102 0053 .059 .082 0.047 .043 .043 0.034 .050 .049 0/61 .050 .063 Means I860 to 1862 038 043 0039 041 0051 091 o.w? 088 0093 065 044 TABLE XLY. Mean changes in the Pressures of Vapour with their proper signs, from 6 a.m. to 6 a.m., for the period 1860 to 1862, arranged according to the daily resultant direction of the wind. : Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. N. -0.011 -0.007 -0.021 -0.027 -0.004 -0.014 -0.010 +0.001 -0.068 -0.029 +0.020 -0.005 -0.020 N.B. + .026 + .022 4- Oil + .019 + .018 - .007 + .019 - .029 + .014 + .021 + .022 + .024 .015 a + .049 + .061 + .034 + .027 + .019 + .020 + .052 + .043 + .108 + .058 + .022 -t- .059 .043 S.E. + .023 - .021 + .036 + .031 + .128 + .099 f .131 + .If9 + .034 + .090 f .056 .085 i. - .016 4- 042 + 035 + .059 + .009 + .119 + .071 + .032 + .082 + .130 - .017 - .0(11 .057 S.W. + .028 + .004 + .031 + .001 + .049 + .075 + .045 + .021 + .001 - .015 - .001 + .027 .021 w. - .022 - .019 - .022 - .032 - .048 - .039 - .090 - .1139 - .061 - .050 - .023 - .032 - .036 N.W. - .048 - .024 - .012 - .027 - .027 - .063 - .062 - .092 - .111 - .045 - .029 - .019 - .044 No case of a S.E. resultant occurred in January. TABLE XLVI. Highest and lowest Pressures of Vapour in each month, for the years 1860, 1861, and 1862. HIGHEST. Year. Year. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Pressures. Dares. 1860 0.263 0292 0.431 0.388 0676 0.714 0.710 0.822 0651 0456 0.484 0.222 0.822 August 7th. 1861 .190 .274 278 .410 .515 .676 .704 .823 672 .494 .295 .399 .823 August 5rh. 1862 .244 .199 .229 .455 .484 .643 .734 .828 .748 .671 .305 .345 .828 August 8th. Means 0.234 0.255 0.313 0.419 0.558 O.B78 0.716 0.824 0.690 0.540 0.361 0.322 0.824 LOWEST. I I860 0.024 0.022 0045 0.050 0.163 0.142 0.195 02159 0.104 0.131 0.043 0029 0.022 February 1. 1S61 .026 012 .028 .090 .102 .159 .256 .275 .\,Z .118 .090 .053 .012 February 7. 1SC2 .025 .034 .062 .070 .110 .096 .221 .207 .172 ,1M .083 .03-i .025 JHTIUH y 4. Meaus 0.02j 0.023 0.045 0.070 Olio 0.132 0.214 0.250 0.163 0.132 0.074 0.0 ;9 1 0020 56 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. it 1 OJ CO t~ oo oo 00 us r~ >o 00 XOO 00 ^ * CO OC 00 2O 00 OC OO CO 3 -2 o o 00 H * O Tf O CO t O o o o t-o 00 o set e us tM * s t 1 US OS 00 1 t- 00 1 f C-I CS us C-J US CO O CN o US O US 5 O 1~O 00 i-07 iO CO * OS CO N OO !M 00 o t- I O CO OC 00 00 00 a a o i ~ : s tc s z~ - Q. 5. s 3 o S: s i_q H s 3 w X Q W "S ^ | Means. 00 -H 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 s t-< O O3 t- 00 00 CO * CO CO CO t- O OS us t^- CO O o OSO t-o o OS to 03 O * 00 OS 00 id 00 ^ CO t- OO 00 00 o 00 t- 00 00 g co^-u, r O ^^ US t~t~o n -f O -f CS o 13 S lj| |o Its O CO OO OS 00 t- 00 1>- GO OS 00 GO 00 CO GO t^ CO '00 00 i-J -J O oo oo oo OC CO 00 (N cc t t 00 OC US Cl US 1 w * cs O3 00 CO 00 s 1C t tr OO 00 OO to oo CO 1O to i. 00 00 00 O CC 00 oei ir- o O co O t~ e* j o I 1 03 OS O 00 00 CO 00 CO CO 00 OO 00 oo CO -^ 't* i- CO 00 o 00 o us us OO !> t~ s CT> TO O -* US-* 1 OS 1~- I~ CO CO t-" 1 CO -* t- OS t- ^ OS CO 1^ t-ir- t- ~0 00 CD f - to t- 1O O 1Q * us O CO O O US h- 00 CO OOO o o o OTf CS CO IO Tf Tf COTf O Tf O "O CO Tf Tf IO rH -H 00 Ol t~ t 00 1^ CS OC IO oo o o Tf o o o o o o o o o o 01 OO 10 -t r CO O lO 3 O 00 IO CO IO Tf T? CO OC O to IO t^>o r o OC IO OS O l~ t~ s o ' r coo t^ IO 1 co 1 1 o o o o o o o o & CO Ol O 5 o 010 Tf Tf 00 T? OO CO CO >0 lO -f -H CO ooo o CO CO IO O l~ t~ Tf 1O O 00 lO OC lO co o o o o o o o 00 i-H o o csoi 3 o -f as Tf Tf Ol T? IO 00 -f CO >0 Tf o Tf -H O CO >O t~ Ol o -f Tf o t~ t- 1- IO ^ OC t~ 10 r o e o . o o o o o -1 Tf O IO OO lO T?00 Tf IO O Ol OO OO CO CO O lO t oo t~ o 00 'OS t-t- 1~ o -H-f CO ooo t CO t- jd 0? o & w ^ W g <} i rH CO CO CO *- t-CO 00 CO 00 i- ce t- C3i CM CO Tf CO CO 00 IO O -H IO 10 O O 3 t^ CS IO tO 00 IO O >O Tf O -f 10 o O o o o o o 1 o CD IO CO 00 00 t- rH 00 Tf O CO t Ol 00 CO 00 1-H CO CS O CO CO CO 0-f -f o o t- 00 o o o r~ CO 10 IO O 00 O -f O s Q 01 o o o 1 S$ 00 01 o o 00 00 Ir- t- Tf 00 CS t-t- 00 o 00 CO CD O IO CO CO CO CD O 1--OO 10 OO IO o CO CO O O 10 to io o r~o CO ro O 01 IO CS o o o o o o o o d o 4- 0" e CM t- O 00 CD 01 00 CM t- CD rH IO ^ CD IO IO Cs >O O Tf 100 10 lO rH us CO 3 -f Ol O Tf V o o o o o d o H A Tf CO IS IO CO CO CO O CS t- co t- CO C2 CO nto Tear. Astnmumical Time. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dee 1860 to 1862. 1854 to 1859. 2 h 0.80 0.78 0.55 0.67 0.55 0.64 0.63 0.57 0.57 0.71 0.77 0.72 0.66 0.65 4 .78 .76 .60 .64 .52 .63 .58 .54 .53 .70 .76 .73 .65 .63 10 .61 .69 .54 .52 .44 .42 .44 .40 .46 .62 .71 .70 .55 .52 12 .62 .71 .54 .55 .44 .44 .44 .41 .46 .64 .70 .75 .56 .52 18 .77 .80 .63 .65 .55 .52 .49 .47 .50 .67 .74 .75 .63 .62 20 .81 .83 .61 .68 .53 .60 .54 .44 .53 .71 .77 .74 .65 .62 TABLE LXI. Mean clouded sky, arranged according to the direction of the wind at the hour of observation, in each month and in the year, for the period 1860 to 1862. 1 Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec. Year. 1860 to 1862. 1854 to 1859. N. 0.70 0.62 0.58 0.52 0.30 0.38 0.47 0.36 0.56 0.67 0.76 0.58 0.54 0.50 NE. .87 .93 .71 .77 .65- .76 .62 .70 .71 .75 .84 .89 .76 .74 E. .97 .97 .77 .70 .66 .68 .73 .62 .58 .80 .79 .97 .77 .70 S.E l|l.OO .98 .46 .46 .36 .75 .49 .55 .60 .71 .93 .89 .63 .57 8. 0.96 .65 .42 .54 .38 .55 .55 .48 .47 .65 .84 .84 .56 .48 S.W. .77 .74 .59 .65 .54 .62 .66 .62 .64 .57 .78 .76 .68 .67 w. .59 .74 .58 .68 .72 .52 .59 .36 .41 .68 .71 .73 .63 .57 N.W. .57 .59 .49 .52 .42 .40 .36 .32 .42 .56 .62 .65 .49 .53 Calms. [ .72 .76 .43 .59 .34 .43 .47 .46 .48 .69 .75 .59 .55 .55 62 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. O CO (M rH CM(NCOi-HrHC^rH OS OS CO 0* (M co 00 I-H oo 1 02 O O-*OOOOOOOOIMO CMOOCNOCSOC CO o o O 00 ClOCOOCSCOOCOJOOtNCO. < S ^ ^ < cc CO OR TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 63 a OCO1OQOCOOO-*OCMO IO CO 00 c-i CO oo a 01 -HJ -f CO CM CM -^ CO CO CO o o I-H rH CM 10 o 10 O o p rH i-H CM CO O CO CS -**i TO 00 O OS O rH r- rH CM H" CM CO OS O OS 1- OS CO O O -H I-H rH CM CO a * CO IO CO IO -H * 10 o OS O O r^ CM t- CM OS OS CM CO rH CO TO TO CO TO -i t~ co 10 CO * CM CM T)ilOt J CO1OCO OCC-*(NCMt~i t~ TCCMtr-CM CO CO rH 3 CO \ CO CM OO os r~ co c~ cc <& I-H < i- *f -^ CO CO CO rH rH t^ OS CO 10 CD CO -t~* TO i i 1O O IO 10 OS t- os t- rH lOOOt-CMCMt^ COCO 'OS t-OOCCCOCMCOCMCOCOlOi-00 o CO CO CC 5 i CO CM CM * ri O5 n O -* O iO CD CO CM O co co I ~- OS CO t- CO -* J I i ' rt 03' 03 rnSSco'Sco'SSs'^Co'Io'S ri n* CO rH oi- co o co o o o * 10 os 00 CM O OS -H t- 1O TO CM n TO O t~ t~ O OS OS " ri -* CO "w M rH H S|||2SS|2gSS CO co TO i J fc OS I> CO ^ IO O CM CO O CO irj OS -* IO OS -H CM TO CO * O * TO CO O OO CO OS O CO * * OS W b 00 CO i H r5 rH O t~ CM OS CO -* rH CO O CO CM OS rH -* TO OO CO t^- 00 CO CO M 1 TO CO O CO 00 t~ O t~ * K5 OS E V f o oo co CM 00 O CO CO IO OS CM ri CO CO CC i IO TO TO TO CO CO CM O CO CO TO rH i 00 1O CM TO CO CO t > * TO : t- CM CM IO CO CO *~ CM CO IO CD CO t~ CM CM IO CO CO t^ C* S 02 CDOO COOSOpHM'r-I OS r OOOCJr-HOOOO rHi-ioiddddrHd oirHi-HoddddddwcN COCNCOOOOOCNGOOS~~CG^CD I-HI ii iodiiddrHdr*4 OOOOOOr-iOOOOO oooooododdod OOOOr-cOOOOOOO IOCOJ>;-;COCOOSCDOSOCOCD dddrHr-ii-ldddr-Ji-id OOOOOOOOOi-HOO OOOiOOOOi-iOOi-H COCN'O>O-*t-;OCOCOOi-^CO I I T I O I * rH O I I r-* I 4 r^ O rH O CO d CO d CD CO ? d OS t- d QJ CO a CO COOOOCOCO-^CNtOCOOOCOf~ i d CO d dddddddddddd OS CO d CO d f ii (OOOi tOO^Hr- (i-Hr 1 CN o { Q TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 65 Jj 5Sco^525S25 3 3 v N IO * O CO CO O CO CO 1O Th CO C5 TO 00 O (M iO OS CO CM CM to rH i to It OSCSOSt^OOCO^CSCOCOOOCN rHCMi-Hi ii 1 -^ CM IO CM CO I-H CM CD CO CO .s E* CO CO. CO r- CO CM IO Oi CM O CO C3 ! - OS O -* I-H CO CN to 11 -S to to COOO 'CMCDOSCOCOrHCOCO O CO CO I ^. IO CD i CM CO CO O t^ CO ^4 OS t- o o o CM OO O CM IO T rH i-H qa ts' ^ COOS 'OCNOSCMOOOi-HCOCO. OOOOOOSCOOOCOOOOSCOCOOS OS CM OS CM 5 fe CO t~- CO OS O OS O CM rH -* 10 O oo r- oo -* CO CM CO CO I-HCNrHOOOOOOl-HI-HrH i 1 I-H 3 o o o rH rH rH ft 02 OCOrHOO-^OOOIO-HO-fOO S CM CM S rt IO Tf OS T* rH CM OS J> 00 sss 00 IO CO (M CM CM CNrHi-HOOOOOOOOIcM *" r ~ l 6 e CM CM CM o o o o o o rH rH rH OOOSIOCOCOt-CCOCMOSCOrH lOCNIMI>COrHOOOSOOTflO CM rH C ^ O CO CO +4 IO TJ4 CM CO t^- I-H CO 00 CM CO t^ O O5 OS IO rH CO CM I-H 02 I IrHl lOOrHOOrHrHr-ll 1 I-H rH 1 i 02 I-H I-H l-H rH 1-4 O O rH rH rH ^ CM 00 00 lOO-^OOOSOCOlO O r- 1 R "5 &c coS CO l~~ O CN t- O oo o * IO IO IO co rH r- rH CM -H .J 'S . OQ I-H 11 ;*S O2" o o o rH -H 1 1 lOCMCMCSOOiOOOOO-^r-OCO 2 2 5j CM CM CM OS i iO r~ !O co r- co O CM CO CO CO r^ CO 00 CO ;- g "S OOOOOrHI-HrHiOOO o = O O O rH rH rH o o o 1, ^ S w COCO-fCOIOCOCSlOt~COOO-H CMCMCMTfiOiOOJCOCOfCOCM ^ jj ^ 63 CM iO if CM I-H rM *** CO CM CO oo -o t~ OS OS OS IO CO * 1 . t < P" 1 02' ooooooooocoo o o w ^ OQ O O O O O O O O o o o HH S f^N GO W CNCMCOIOiO-^CDCOCOCMcn^ CO IfJ 63 CN 01 CM CN CO 10 Tf T)< 00 00 00 CO * ICj i 1 IO CO IO CO ^*4 1 M r 02' OOOOOOOOOOOO o H C,i 02 O O O O O o o o o o o t 2 H COCO-^OOO50000COCOCOlO^f CO 12 CO s S H 02 CO 'O O ^ CO M* 1O CO -* OO CO t~ ^ OS OO J>- 00 r- IO IO IO 1 ^E H OOOOOOOOOOOO O c4 O O O 000 o o o o o o s ' ^ w OOO CO CO CO -H OS OOOOOOOOOOOi-H o o 15 e to o o o o o o 000 o o o rt2ewSo22a>eS CO o 00 o to CS 00 00 CM rH 00 -* rH I-H 00 O 00 CO CM o cs o CM 00 O O I-H 1 I 1-HrHOl 41-HOrHI-Hl-HrHOrH 11 rH O S) t- CM CM iO CO CO 1 1 1 r- CM CM IO CO CO 1 1 1 1^ CM CN, IO CO CO 1 1 1 1 CM IM IO CO CO 1 1 1 |>|j M i jijjij 1 1 ec 1 CO 00 CO 00 00 00 CO OO CO CO 00 00 CO CO CO IO IO 03 00 00 00 n oo co 1O IO IO 00 00 OO E* 5 ^ pit S g &{, *~* ^ > ^ "5 ^H r? rS < ^ < $ 6 A 2i HMSIAV OKIWS ravxas 66 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. V -s v u 5 ^ i 5 3 w e X V 1 1 s i .8 'S s -c 8^ If I 1 8 > a 2 oo CO oo 1 c e > -2 I * o O CO CS 2 -o O5 to 1-1 rH i-H I I-H o o 1 < I-H f 1 o o * s C?S =5 CO 2 cs CO to o O I-H rH o o T-H I - 1 o & to CO 03 OO tl is CO CO 00 01 05 o ii rH o o o r^ ' o s S ~^ OS 5 OS s 5 I-H I-H l-t o o o o I 1 I-H 1-1 ai CM 3 CO 1-0 10 OJ 01 o 01 CO CO CM I-H l-H o o o o *- c: "O CO CO CO cc OS CO t^ 01 J- CO Oi CO * c* c o o o o H 03 00 05 OS OS CO 01 o -r X -c 03 CO 'XI CO o CO X cs CO OS CO H rn I-H 1 ! -H r-< M co ss CO ss = ?; 00 o % 2 00 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 ^ H CO CD 2 - 5 j^ 2 oa w O o o p 1 1 1 I 1 o r-" ** I-H o M CN OS -* 01 o o XI CO c~ i- co to - 1 00 " - 1 - 1 " - 1 H CM I-H O5 * 1 t t ~H 01 CO 10 IO o o to I-H I-H O T 1 1 1 rH r-< I-H to CO ss . S ^ s OS 2 s OS ^ 2 I-H I-H O M 1-1 o 1 1 1 ( o rH > ! Ctf 3 C a l-s !- *} ^ 1*4 r~< E < t>- ^ V c a r-j > IT; s 1 < ^ a a: ^ b ^H December CM 5 co 10 00 jj c x_ cc o 00 OJ 10 CN CM OS t- CS cs OS to" o o o - 1 -H *< o o o ^ I-H cc C: 01 i.O s 2 01 Ol 01 cs -* - CO C: CS OJ cs 121 o -H " - 1 ^ o o o g o OS CO CO c: c CO X CO OB s O CM >o o rH cs fe *H I-H rH o o O i-i 1 1 o . CO o 01 CO o i-O 'O CD O CO C5 OS 01 CM CO H 1 " o o o O I-H OB o CD c; CO CC 00 CO -f CO IO o CM CO X CO ^ CM F ' o O' o o o o " I-H ^ O5 CO H X 10 * 01 0' CO cc X CO CO 00 CM 00 CO 03 03 rt " 0' o '-H o O rH -H I-H GO." *; c: CO CO CO o c: -T 01 -r 00 01 CM CO CO O CO "O >o 03 o o o o 03 00 CO 10 CO CO o CO o CO X -f 00 1C CD IO O5 10 -t OS o o 0' * CN - 1 I-H O o o Pd 03" IO CD CO CO c; 0' C-T CO 01 00 t- 03 CO CM CO 00 00 03 o o c - o w 5 00 CO 01 03 o XJ -f 03 O "^ * 00 -f CO o CO 02 o o o H * ^ 1 O o ai lo -r cc CO 1 ' CO 01 5 m CO CO 00 I-H CO c: w o o o O I-H o H 00 CO 01 CO I-H GO CO 00 CM O5 O 00 OS X CM o o c I-H rH 1-1 1-1 o o o o o fS CO 00 cc 01 rH o t^ 01 o I- 00 CO >O 00 OO OS t o 00 pa o "* - 1 I-H 1-1 o O o : 10 CO c 01 01 01 -* CO ' CM cs 05 t- OS CS cs 03 _ I-H ~ rH H o O I-H g 2 o Cl j: 03 IO o cc 01 oo CO o O <)< O CM J~ 01 03 CO. nJ I-H o 1 ' o o . 00 cs q ~ 0.- 00 OS CO cs Ol cc 05 -> CM rH 5 o r-l o o " " "" 1-1 1 1 : t*- CC p c >-= '? ^ . o 5 ~5 l-s y^ 3 1'- 1 L E i i "o cu ^ 03 O November ... December.... TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. G7 is IE r~nccooocsrHOOsosoco osososo-^osrHCNOsaoooos is ti O O C^ (N O i-( O5 O3 CO CO f~ t~ OS OS CM 00 i> * O OS CS O r-l 00 ' fc OOOf-i i O r* r-i O O O O * r-l i O O O O <-< O O rH rH O i* O01OCMt-COO CM in CM OS 1-1 O OS & OO lOOrnOrHOOOO & * fej o.-ieM-'i'coos-H/cMmco'^fco as i I rH O CM t^ O rn 00 O Or-irHOOOOi-HOi-Hi iO te fcj CXCMOOCOCSCOCOOCNCO-X TfCO-'^~-*COTjCOi-~OCMin $i CO O5 f^- CO 1O J^ O Ci Ov CM t- CM ** os *o o CO CO CM O in co co o rH r- irnOOOOOOi a>ccicx)i-iraco-*5Cira I 'tOCi'OCO-^-^^^t^i^CS & 06 CO O O O5 to -* O r-l O OS 1O co a> * o i~ -* r- co CO CO * O (Ni-HOOOOOOOOi-ir-i |B M ^HiOi 5 H SB f- CO CD * i-H O5 00 O K3 O OS CO * CD CO o co t- m CO i- CO O co rHi-Hi lOOr- lOO O O I 1 I-H g CO fel CO X5O'H -* CM O -* t-; J> * rH m o os co CD OS CO O co OOOO^H^r-.^H^-^HOO i co 1 1 02 *CC03OCOCOOOOt-'*' : -l CO-^OOO!MOOO^^-CC^ K ** 02 IO O5 CO > CO O 1O O r- O CO OS CO f~; OS OS m t- co -* CO 00 t- O 1 a .1 csj o w CO ot^d^-j^-^Hc^oscti I;NO lOldlOCir-l .IW-^OQO-* > I M H 03 j< r-i O "O *< OO CO ^ OS 00 00 "3 O OS ** OS I-H os m m m co >n o 1 1 CO OOOOi-ii-i(Ni-ii-iOOO s ^ C CO CO 4 >0 00 rH K oioMcot--*-*ot asoo3 5>OO" OOiO-^tOCOiO 9 ? H CD CO i < >O -* q * o CM i-H O CO CO rH CO OS CO OS CO * 5 o co o ] PH e 2 *3 I i W Offi>TO- CO CD CM t-i 00 OS 00 If5 CO IT) O CO OS * os in CM CO rH CN OS H w ^; W tf coO-^'-^Or^^HOOsoeooo CDOOC5CDO * O O CO f-H CM OS t- CO 1C) i CO "O OS CO i- m co CM CO 03 O OS OOOr-1T-Hi-Hf-lOOOOO O rl i-l O w" K M-O-^CC>C^O5OOiOOf^ H H ^- i 1 CO CO CO i O I-H m in * co x~ >n oo oo r- W3 * OS ^* CO OS OS H OOr-li 11 II lOOOi Ir-tO w O rH I 1 1 1 O r-l O O H ^-OiCit^n l-H r- CD O * CS CO * i-H OS CO O !2( T-HOOl-ll-lOOO^I-HOl-l fc' rl O O r-< W ' (MCDOOO>OW5COCDC5Oif (1^- iOOr OOCOOJrH^-lOa.OT c4 to -* * ia t- n co t- rl CO 00 i-H 00 * rH CO I-H 00 OS O fc I-Hl lOr- lOOOl (f l-^Ot 1 fci 1-1 O O O & C!-* cacoooco(N!Ncooin ooor-oxoooooo^H ri CO * Tf OS. r-l O OS CO CD CO in CD O CO OS rH O * * CM O OS OS O rH^-O'-H'-HOO'-^-ti lO'H rl rl O O 1-1 O O rH : : : : ; : : : = i H ; i S; J : fe H : ^ i i : : - :.lj i S 5 t SCE s .= = S 2 S B | .= = E 5 3 U>i S Jill f8i*tiJlti|S| > cu s 5 :> cc t << r^ 02 M <1 >> a- 3 2 ,> CO 32 << Z,S8l 0] 8S81 5981 o; 8S8t S981 01 8581 68 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. WINDS in the upper strata as shown by the motion of the clouds, from six daily observations during the years 1854 to 1862 inclusive. TABLE LXIX. Absolute number of the several upper currents in each month, in the two half-years, and in the year ; the summer half-year being considered to extend from April to September inclusive. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Doc. Winter. Summer. Year. N. N.E. E. S.E. 8. s.w. w. N.VV. Calm Sky (a) Clear Sky (a) 18 19 24 23 10 71 273 187 677 185 12 9 32 18 6 80 259 123 607 167 12 8 38 23 15 70 292 164 605 301 25 17 49 13 11 92 361 140 877 272 26 33 46 38 30 84 282 155 379 364 24 21 44 19 10 76 413 145 363 283 27 21 64 24 4 77 481 183 281 312 28 13 84 16 9 80 415 235 2e9 362 26 17 85 18 15 93 395 150 3' 5 342 45 28 43 27 21 116 305 200 412 263 33 17 60 35 23 94 319 214 478 135 38 10 28 15 20 66 253 181 646 132 158 91 215 141 95 497 1701 1019 8325 1183 156 122 262 128 79 502 2347 1014 1974 1935 814 213 477 269 174 999 4048 2033 6299 3118 Means including (<:' 144 131 143 136 144 140 146 146 140 140 140 139 842 852 1694 Means excluding (a 72 67 78 88 87 94 109 104 94 . 98 98 76 490 676 1066 TABLE LXX. Ratios shewing for each month separately as well as for the winter, summer, and year, the relative frequency of the several upper currents, including the cases of calm sky and clear ski/, being the numbers in Table LXIX. expressed in terms of the means in the lowest line but one in the same table. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug Sept Oct. NOT. Dec. Winter. Summer. Year. N. 0.13 0.09 0.08 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.31 0.24 0.27 o.;9 0.18 0.19 N.E. 0.13 0.07 0.06 0.13 0.23 0.15 0.14 0.09 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.13 E. 0.17 0.24 0.27 0.36 0.32 0.32 0.37 0.23 0.25 0.29 0.36 0.20 0.26 0.31 0.28 S E. 0.16 0.14 0.16 0.10 0.26 0.14 0.16 P. 11 0.13 0.18 0.25 0.11 0.17 0.15 0.16 S. 0.07 0.05 0.10 0.08 0.21 0.07 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.14 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.10 8 \V. 0.49 0.61 0.49 0.68 0.69 0.54 0.53 0.55 0.66 0.79 0.67 0.48 0.59 O.S9 0.59 W. 1.90 1.97 2.04 2.66 1.96 2.95 8.29 2.84 2.82 2.09 2.28 1.83 2.02 2.75 2.39 N.W. 0.9J 0.94 1.15 1.03 1-08 1.04 1.25 1.61 1.11 1-37 1.53 I-30 1.21 1.19 1-20 Calm Sky. 4-71 4.62 3.54 2.78 2.64 2.60 1-92 1.84 2-17 2-82 3-42 4-65 3-95 2.32 3-13 Clear Sky. 1-29 1-27 2-11 2-00 2-53 2-02 2-13 2-48 2-44 1-80 0-97 0-95 1.40 2.27 1-84 TABLE LXXI. Ratios shewing for each month separately, as well as for the tuo half-years and year, the relative frequency of the several upper currents, excluding the cases of calm sky and clear sky, being the numbers in. Table LXIX. expressed in terms of the means in the lowest line of that table. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec. Winter. Summer. Year. N. 0.25 0.18 0.15 0.28 0.30 0.26 0.25 0.27 0.27 0.46 0.34 0.50 0.32 0.27 0.29 N.E. 0.26 0.13 0.10 0.19 0.38 0.22 0.19 0.12 0.18 O.'-'S 0.17 0.13 0.19 0.21 0.20 E. 0.33 0.47 0.49 0.55 0.53 0.47 0.50 0.33 0.37 0.44 0.61 0.37 0.44 0.46 0.45 S.E. 0.39 0.27 0.30 0.15 0.44 0.20 0.22 0.15 0.19 0.27 0.36 0.2!> 0.29 0.22 0.25 S. 0.14 0.09 0.19 0.12 0.35 0.11 0.04 0.0!) 0.16 0.21 0.23 0.26 0.19 0.14 0.16 S W. 0.99 1.19 0.90 1.04 0.97 0.81 0.71 0.77 0.98 1.18 0.96 0.86 1.02 0.87 0.94 w. 3.80 3.84 3.76 4.08 3.25 4.39 4.42 4.00 4.18 3.11 3.25 3.31 3.47 4.07 3.80 N.W. 1-91 1.82 2.11 1.58 1.79 1.54 1-68 2.27 1.65 2.04 2.18 2.37 2.08 1.76 1.91 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 69 m ., f t TABLE LXX TABLE LXX EXCLUDING CALM SKY AND CLEAR SKY. NG CALM SKY AND CLEAR SKY. NCL s C-l ffq rjl C ' CO r* r-" f"H iO frl ^t* !" r^ ^O Cj ri* oi i ; o o o OOOOOO-^r-i en I 02 r * T l^HCOi t fMrHCOr t OOOOOOi-IOTjH(M IOOCI30OOO(Mr-l OCO ooooooro rii-HrH iOt i-^^tO' '(Mr Ot ooooooiq i- i Ot O3i I^IM OO50OOOOr-l O5 CO CO r-i O O i-i r-ioOOOOr-ir-iOi 1 Or- "COOI-lODCOOCOi-H rHi !r-ir- ICOOOC5 ! IrHrHOOrHrHOOrH Tf;-*O3OOGOcoa3i-I-HI-< O3Or r OCOCOCOl O5 OOOC5O-^OOr-io GO CO O5 i I GO ^ < Ol-HOr-? f or ?< upper wind ach of L pper currents . ' on hours. TABLE several observa number of "3 aj OOS-TOOCOCDr-HOOO C-l ! -^ CN1 I-H O t-; 00 OOOOOi-HCOrH I^CONOS i loco OOCOrH 02 53 i CD co a, ^1 ' 1 (M C-I t~ CO I-H TO O C-l CD CD OO co> I! so cc i^ ar 01 1-H lO C-l ^H ^J1 00 M CO (M M 1C oo CO 3 co OC (M o oo (M co oo 00 IM co 00 (M co oo (M g.s ] i-H OO ^1 O o ^ - OOOOOOCOrHi-Hii -o ooco-^oqcoio oooooo-HO-tc-i OOOOOOiiO-^C-1 1-HOOOOC-1COOOCOC5 OOOOOOCOi-Hi-Hr-H * i-H M !M CO CO 7-1 lO C5 CO OOOOOOCO-Hr-io OOOOOOC^liNrH COCit^l OOOOOt^-COCO -HOC-li-Hi l-fOOO5r-Ht~ O O O C O O r-H < 02 CO fc-f oo TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. WINDS in the Upper Strata, from six daily observations in the years 1860 to 1862, considered with reference to the Simultaneous Surface Winds. TABLE LXXIX. Absolute Number of the several Upper Currents accompanying each Surface Wind. '*1 5 ^ **t 2f ^ ^ s < V * s . *"< S R* g . ^> ^ r^Z ^3 M SH ^ ~ " s -C -S V s L 1 1 J M ~ -S ~ 3 " (^ SURFACE WINDS. u SCO O Tt< h- T3 CS O O O CS C-l C-4 odoood-^ci ^ ^ OOCiCOCOtOC-lO !- OOO"**!f'-H o o d d o o co eo SURFACE WINDS. ri 1 Ca O O OC CN rH i 1 10 oo CO 00 .-H CO ^" ^ * 3> "SaiAoro 9J9.YV epnojo aq> qaiqn wojj noipgarQ 72 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. ? s CO I 1 s 4! i 1 2s o 8 L Si .e 1 D s i 1 i 5: a * * 1 o M 2 & 2 M 32 b IS | KN co ^ ^ ^111 9 Jf 1 H oo sS IP ~ rH ^ eo g> _ s % * 1 8 I 1 I i 3 * > g> 01 *, g |H . CO o in o co CM in CM C-l -* CM m oo ~* co co pop co oo CM CO (M CO o o o w.s.w. O O CO * O5 CO CO CO O I-H -H ^ -^ m CM r- CM CM ^ 00 CO CO co in -st< rH rH rH OO t-- CM 00 O5 O5 O O O w.s.w. I-H l-H CM CM t O5 rH l-H d O rH rH O * -r)( m CM t IQ CM M< 00 CO CM * 1^ CO pop co i co -rt^ CO O 00 Ci O OJ ci CD in CM CM in O3 O5 OO OO 00 t t~ CD * rH - CO 1^ Tjt rH CD in CD rH rH rH t^CD CM O5 O rH O rH M tn CD CO (M M 00 rH rH rH CO O5 O5 OO oo oc t^ 1 CD -* rH r- CO o o (^ rH C5 O rH O <# oo t~ CO OO t o o o GO C5 CM rH i~ o oo t I O ^f CO CO t^ O rH O CO CD O Ol i-< CM O rH O in o o-i rH rH rH rf i OQ CM CM -* r t * l-H CO CO C3 o >n -* co co t CM -* CM 00 C3 l-H CM rH m -f -^ CD p p rH rH rH B 02 rH (M OO t~ 00 10 rH CD O CO O -HH -f HH CO 00 in I-H in t -t o I-H CM CM CM rH C5 i in CM 1-5 rH rH W oo co ^ lr- CO-* rH CD O CD O -f * * CO t~ CM -t CO O C2 O2 -t in in i^ m CD B 3 H J< l^ rH rH r- CO rH rH CM * a> co oo oo t~- lO lO rH rH in cs t Ci O2 O ^ T)< T)< CM CM CM B OQ W oo in co a co co rH CM ^ C5 CO GO OO t OO O2 C5 CD CM O 0-1 -* O m oc i~ rH H in CO OO OO OO CO rH O rH CO O CO CO rH r- CM 1 CD i i O5 OO O5 rH rH I-H CD CO rH CM -H CM l-i i-I rH H S5 i l-H rH CM Tt< rH l_O CM co m rH rH CM in rH CD O CO CO r^ rH 1 CO CO CO CO rH -H CM rH 1^ C2 CO CO -t pop CO rf CM IN >n -n< o o o l~ CM CM O CO CO 00 OO OO 1^ CM CM o co CD oo oo oo t~ CM CM m CD co oo oo oo 1- CM CM m CD CD oo oo oo t~ CM CM m co CD 00 00 00 1- CM CM in CD co oo oo oo t 0-1 CM in CD co 00 GO OO r^ 01 01 in co CD oo oo oo T i i CO OO CO tO to iO OO 00 OO CO OO CO in in in oo oo oo 1 I 1 co oo co in m o oo oo oo 1 1 1 CO OO CO m in m oo oo ao 1 1 1 CO 00 CO in in in CO OO OO CO OC CO in in n GO OO OO 1 1 1 co on co m m in GO GO OO 1 1 1 CO GO CO in in in OO 00 GO l-H ' rH J= 4 tp (w X N M 1-H S* w T3 C a 8 'O a a 5.2 'S 2 Ri -s-s = '? o CM ^-s * 2 r7 f ^'S OJ M 1 ,-M CC QfJ r - a ^ ^ - "> s "S I s. P w V "S s s " o c 1-'' On days of moderate rain (1) 'O a a 5 S~ ^ 'a * B /- "S?2/ t> ^ ^^ a^ O a a 'S J3 ^^ S CM e*- ^ ' 2^ c _.co .2 rH^"- / H a o !'! |8 M Ratio of numbers in (3) to their respective means for all winds (4) sanoq ni pnm qoua jo uopBjnpajnjogqy s.moq ni puiM qoea jo uoiiBiUpainpsqy TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 73 CLASS III. Rain 0.500 of an incli and upwards. 1 3 O OS * cq CO O CD CO C 1-1 Tf C-l CO 7-1 oo i^ co ^H o -i t^ CO 1-H 10 g Tfi O O Rain without reference to amount. S co in i co co i" o co co C5 i 1 i 1 -r c-i co 1 1 ^H C-1 OS * CD OO t-- c-j c-i cq O O OS OS OS o o o ti K m m I Cq . i I (M OO (M O m Tf O t~CO -* r-l I 1 CO CO O CD O 1-1 O O O C5 5-1 O3 O CO 1-H o' o o fej M la rH in CD CS 00 I (M n m in in in o o o EC X >n eq * T 1 I I r-H CO I- CD CO OS CO OS in r-i i i CO CO CO un O O O O O O C3 CD t-H r-t I-H o o o t| 2: as t~ co in as n cq (M o 1-H CO t-~ co co o CD o m .i . CO CD co m m >n o i i i t r t cq oo o in rt; in o o o If g r-l Cq CO i-l i-l IN O OO OO in m o OO O CS i-l (M CO CO CO CO O 000 C^ C^ Ci I 1 1 1 I 1 000 tB | OO 00 CO t~- Tf (M (M * t- o oo oo in in o oo o as 1-H C-l CO O 00 CO m i i oo 1-H C-l 1-H o cs o m co co o o o ti Tt CO 1^ I-l Cq CO o Tf co O m CD CO M m 7-1 Cq T(l o o oo O r-l O o o o O3 C-l O5 -i CO CM o o o |i O5 OO t~- o m CD Tf -* OO O5 * CO o uo co co t-.-* CD | 00 C-l C-l -* i 1 t~ GO CO CO CD CD O CO ** (M CO o o o 1-H 1-H in co -* oo CO t-H CO TJH OO o >o o i ^* CD -H 4 (M 00 -f O rl O I 1 1 1 1 r 1 CO h- CO l~;0 * CO CO CO w r 1 f~ CXi -* C5 CO CO 1 * 1-H co m uo m m o -H -fll CO 1-H 1 I O "O 10 m o C5 C5 C5 1 1 7-1 O CD i 1 -h (M p O O OO O 7<1 CO CO OO O 1-H O W S5 k CD-OS in OC OO 1^ 1-H -H CO o in in m m o OS OS OS co oo r OS OS OS CD CO T(H co co co o o o IB CO t- O co -f o t^ r- i i 7-1 CO co co co ' 7-1 c-i oo 10 O C-l 1-1 o o o CD 1 CO O C5 -* o o o z co oo i i i-H m t IN tM Tt o i~ t I-H 7-1 CO CO CO CO -H _ 7-1 CO ^ OS os t ^H T-< 1-H in i ' oo m CD o o o o l~ 7-1 d in CO CO OO CO OO I 7-1 d I!* 0. -o a rt ** 5 .12 a s-*. Et ^ C^l ^ ->* ^S TK P t-. g S3 -- T3 .-S = > o T3~ a '5 ggj s^ -S3 .ss !? ^ <0 'S Is M O ' * "3 w S ^-^=2 a on a g " 3 ^-N "a ?5^ E! .C O> CD 5 g- . 1 . ^^ 53.9 a** H a 'S ^ *s c | 9 a -a a B '3 ^ 'S-S- !! o Relative duration of each wind, or ratios of (1) to (2). (3) Ratios of the numbers in (3) to their respective means for all winds. (4) g.moq ut pniM qoea jo noijBjnp 9^n[osqy sanoq ui putAi qoca jo uoqiunp 9}npsqy 10 74 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. TABLE LXXXIII. I Comparative frequency of the several winds on the days in any part of which rain fell during the summer half-year, for the years 1853-57, 1858-62, and 1853-1862. CLASS I. Light rain not exceeding 0.100 of an inch. 1 3 os co m in O i-H CO (M CO in r-l CO i~- m CO r- r- CO eo i co CO OS rH I-H O II O OO CO o r oc o o o W.N.W. -* CO O CO i-H 00 CM * O Ol -t 'CO o m in CM in r- i i Ol O oc r- CM CO -* CM CM CM !- t~-* O r-. 1-H W.N.W ffl OO -!f CD in CM 1-H 11 CO CM -f CD o in in CM in i~- r-l r- CM 00 Ol OO co o I-H l-H 1 _ 1 < CO CM t C5 OC 00 o o o It 1* CM SO I t n (M CO CO OS CO CM oo o * oo I-H o 1-H (M oo co co O CM i-H co co co in in * * 1-H l-H l-H * m oo eo CM CO CO 1-H 1-H (M OS CO CM oo in f oo I-H o 1-H Ol o os -* 0-1 CM 1-; i-H rH m CD -n Oi O5 Od O O O W.8.W. * * 00 o co co CM co in m I-H co -H OS O t~i~o r*H in CM t^ oo 1 T< CO TH 1-H _ 1-H co oo in r^in CD o o o z z r^ oo in oo co ii (M oo m co -f CM t o oo or: 11 i ( o oo t- in os CM I-H p i ; rH O CO' o r~ os O z in o o CO OO IM 01 o C5 -* CO OO OO I- in (M oo . 71 oo ao C5 ** i i i~ 1-H O Relative duration of each wind, or ratios of (1) to (2). (3) Ratios of the numbers in (3) to their respective means for all winds. (4) sanoq uipniM q3B8 jo uopainp 9}n[osqv s.moi{ ui puiM. qona jo uoifGjnp ainjogqy TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 75 n | 1- 1 = 3 a a 3 3 3 3 > a 1 H H H J 2 4 9 i 3 -* 10 Ci CO CO Oi o co r m 7-1 iO CO Ci . r-l -M r-l CO ^ t C-l CO coo co o c-i CD ^f >O O O O Rain without reference to amount. 1 3 co o co t-- co o O 1*1 O l-H in -H co l^ iO O t^ frl I-H ^f -* GO co o co ^f* Oi CO l-H I-H CO 1-1 O Oi co I-H oo to ^ co CO OO JO GO Oi Oi o o o I* I Oi Oi GO 2 O * I-H It 1 "" (M -* CO O lO if! IN lO t^ " IN t^CM CO ira co ^t< o o o i^o co oo >o to o o o ts H ^ Oi CO (N Oi 7^ IN Tjt CO -H 1 I-l IN -*f CO o >n >n CM m i T-H l-H CM m I-H i l-H O O ^ Tf TJH OS to t~ oi oi at o o o pt O 7-1 7-1 T}< m Ci Oi CO M OO >O -f 00 O 5M n o o -* 1 f ^ti o o o Oi Oi co t^ co o o o fe Ci !M < CO CO O -*fri I-H OJ CO N oo >n -* 00 r-l r- Cq rf t^O Oi OO Oi GO CO 1 i-H r 1 i 1 l-H l-H l-H w.sw. Ci CO in !-< ** CO O I-H CO ^H Oi O t t~- lO I-H t^ OO CO (M >n -^c o o o -H o co Vf Oi CO o o o ^ ! 00 * 7-1 in o co co m oo o -H co Ci O i>- 1 o r-l t CM O 70 1- m_ cq 10 O IN t^- IN >n co l-H I-H i-H & 00 Oi iO * oo rH o 1 1 7-1 lO iO O "* O ri IN r-l 7-1 -H * 1 t- I-H Oi O l-H O oo t o p t~- -^ I-H I-H ji (5 at Oi t- CO Oi Oi Oi iO O r-l in m o * O (N O (N I-H (N -H -HH CM oc> oi co rjH in in m CM t i-H Tl< CM ^H pH r-i & wi 1 OO O r 1 "I 1 1 rH CM Tf >-H >O lO C-l 1 OO l~ "O H l-H TO oo * ' in co co 000 Ci Oi -H 00 Oi Oi fe DQ la O -^ f Oi CM 1 t^ t~ in f-H *ti I-H o m M i oo t~ m l-H r-l CO CO i-H CO (M CM CM N -H -H pop T-H rH I-H ri Ci Ci OO * O OO >1 O Oi O lO CO CO t 7-1 CO Oi * CO CO '-+ CO O co in co ad 00 IN O I-H h- Oi >n co GO 00 IN O oi o >n CO CO t^ I 1 -H o oo *q p O I-H I-H a 3 CO CO I-H (N CO (N O CM l-H CO C-l i-H CO OO CO * F-H I- Oi O t < CO co co co O CO t Oi GO OO o o o H 02 a i i ! -i; IN * -M 5-1 O i-H r-H i I r^ O r- 1 -M oq cq r-; ri OO O Oi 00 00 I-H i-H ^ -H in CO r-l Ci t r-l CO r-l CM CO Tt< oo m Oi t~ 00 TP # * 00 Tt< CO rH r-l l-H I-H 1-i 1-i K N in * Ci CO OO T(< rH CM Hj ! t^ O OO GO v-4 I-H CO CO OO t t >n pop O CO Oi l~ GO O ~ O w 2; 2: II l-H 7-1 co in J CO Kl CO oo in co -* TJ t^ o oo oo l-H l-H <* -c t- r* O CM CO CO CO IN CO OO OO IT- l~ 000 X -M -M Oi CO O Oi -* CO OO OO I-- >O >! OO -H .^ I7] (M m co co oo oo oo i- 7-1 n 10 as CD oo oo oo h- GO CC OO 1 1 1 CO 00 CO 10 n 10 oo oo oo 1 1 1 CO 3C CC o o m GO OO OO 1 1 1 03 oo co n in m oo oo oo 1 I 1 CO 00 CO in in in oo oo oo 1 1 1 co oo co o in 10 OO 3D OO 333 CO OO CO m m m oo oo oo r & c*1 rH^ 05 ' ' >d 'o-s a * O T) a a SE ^ ?s? M -^ fr-s -0 .- c ^ O Relative duration of each wind, or ratios of (1) to (2). (3) Ratios of the numbers in (3) to their respective means for all winds. (4) a 's M => /-v tO ^H s w t3 a O T3 a a 31 *?^> M 52 ' f-s o Relative duration of each wind, or ratios of (1) to (2). (3 Ratios of the numbers in (3) to their respective means for all winds. sanoq UI pUIAl qOG3 JO uoi}Banp 8}n[osqy gjuoq m paiAi. qo88 jo uoijBinp 8}n[osqy 76 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. TABLE LXXXIV. Comparative, frequency of the several winds on the days in any part of which rain fell during the year, for the years 1853-1857, 1858-62, and 1853-1862. CLASS I. Light rain not exceeding 0.100 of an inch. i 3 M< 0-1 CO O >O iO to -*< o 1 1 O t~ M l~ CO -* CO *O iO 01 oq >o CO CO ^H O I CO C-l i-H r I CO -^ O I-H co o 1-H O 1-H CLASS II. Moderate rain (more than 0.100 and less than 0.500 of an inch.) i 3 CD CO iO >o i^- co Ol 0-1 >O iO t CM t- CD -* Oi O O CM CM O CD CO 1^- 00 CO O rH O O CO rH t-co oo o o o it X CO CO >O Tf CM t- OCOrH CO O CO CO rH t~ CD t- CO CO CO t O CS CO m co o I-H rH i-H co'o oo OO CO OO 000 i K M -f CO CO -f -* ca OJ Ol -* CO O CO CO - ' t~ CD t~ CO co co i>- h- r~ 1 co co co o o o <* t~ co o o o o o o tf fc CD N OO Tf .0 CO T* t- i-i i-H vo o o CO ** CO O 00 CO co co co MI co co Tf CO 1 1-H I-H 1-H CM >O iO 00 O CO O r-J O t K O-l I CO co co 01 0-1 Ol >O iO O O o -f co O 00 O CO CO O o o co 30 1 t~ o o o CO O CO co co co o o o i* z fs O O O ^f 1-H IO O 01 CM * Ol 01 -H 10 CD O CD O co co CD Tt< CO OO >O CO o o o oo t~ r- CD TJ- O O O O * Ol CO i 1 1 O (M I rn CO * o-i o e-i co co CD I-H CO OO t~- 0-1 CO 1-H O-l 1-H OC i-H CO CO O-l O O rH rH j CO If5 rH >O S3 O Ol O^ O o oq t~ r- CO -f 01 o oq co co co o t oo OO CO OO o o o 10 co co CO OO 1^ o o o ft aj co o co on t~ o m o i i i i ^f * 30 CO CO (M O CO t^ CO M O 1< O-l Ol CO -H o I-H Ol 0<1 I-H CO oq rH l-H rH rH i-H r-i s CO 00 T}< xt O CO CO !> -rt< * 00 co co 01 O CD l~ CO 01 u~j ^^ co co rH CO 0-1 rH i rH CO -t 0-1 CO rH O O 1-i rH i GO O CO TO t- 0-1 CO O CO rH rH 1-H ,-H ^ * O t~ CD o-J o) m h- t~ I-H O O-l -+ t-; Ol N CO rH t~ 1-H O-l rH ^ rH rH II u CO CO OO W-J< co co i-- O 1-H O -f -* co t~ co oi 01 10 00 l^CO co oq co CM OO i-H p^ O rH OQ O O O CD 30 * CO 0 CO >O O CO 1-H r t r- 00 O 1-H Ol CO 1-H rH O ii M DQ CM (M <* co r o t CO CD 1-H I-H 1-H o-i 10 co O OO CO i-t O O H o -f co co CO rH 0-1 BQ M oo oq o 0 0-1 ^H 1-H CO O CO l~ co r~oo I-H f-H 1-H Oo oo co CD 00 rH oq m Tf M CD OO CD >* o t- co 1-H t co co co co o CO *C O CM CO CD oo 10 r~ CO I-H O 1-H 01 01 -!f O "* i-H rH rH rH rH rH a 1^ O 1 OO h- tO m co o-j 1-- CD CO TO CO O CO O >O M CO CD O OO CO o oo co Ol O rH CD CO CD W fc M (M 1-1 CO CO CO Oq iO O i i 1-H CO -* O-l C-l ut> o oo oo 01 CO O Ol 1-H Ol CO O lO O-l O 1-H I-H rH rH B ta w 0-1 01 -n O TO CO >O CO rH rH co o-i >o rH CO O rf CJ -* 0-1 01 m :X' O O rH -H CM C-l Ol CO O O CO 00 I-; rH i i rH K CO OC * co co i CO CO CO CM Ift t~ CO >T5 OO co a: oo I-H ^H pj ^ co co i rH -H O CO CO O CO CO rH O O w H 1 CO CD 1^- >O CO OQ Ol O oq >o t CO >O OO c: CO 30 rH rH CO co 01 oo * CO CO CD CO O I-H _ rH w 95 65 CO lO 1-H iO 00 -^ O CO o o o H K IB CM t^ CO CO O 00 oq 1-1 co 00 O 00 co 30 r~ CO t~- 1 rH rH CO CD 00 CO rH OO O i 1 O rH -* o co CO I no o o o fc iO Ol J . O 1-H ^ ** oo CO I-H O CO 1-H --I OD CO IO CM N lO O 00 OO HH IO -o co co oo oc oo t~ 01 01 m co co oo oo oo i - 01 oq iO CD CO oo oo oo I Ol 0-1 O CD CO 00 00 00 1^- Ol Ol m CD co oo oo oo 1 1 1 CO 00 CO IO IO 1*3 oo oo oo I-H I-H 1-H 1 1 1 CO OO CO O iO u^ oo oo oo CO OO CO o n oo oo oo 1 1 1 CO OO CO >o o 10 00 OO OO I I I CO OO CO \f2 iO O 00 OO OO co oo co IO *O O oo oo oo 1 1 1 CO 30 CO O iO O OO OO 00 1 1 1 CO OO CO 10 10 10 oo oc oo - 1 rH 4A |D S p tn ^ ' !! o 13 a a a ^'2^ fr-soT ,^ !1 o Relative duration of each wind, or ratios of (1) to (2). (3) Ratios of the numbers in (3) to their respective means for all winds. (4) o T3 o 3 'o D ^ .Jts, rt o Ji o T) a a s-i aS* 01 8 ^ > s B J3 T3 .t3 a * o Relative duration of each wind, or ratios of (1) to (2). (3) Ratios of the numbers in (3) to their respective means for all winds. (4) eannq ni piiiM IJ3B3 jo uopsanp 3}n]osqy sinoq UI pniM TJ3BO JO uoijsanp 9?n[osqv TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 77 1 a fr 13 s .3 el S o o IO o t d v 91 02 O Tf CM CM CM C5 -f rH CD r- t~ 000 ti M o> o oo CO O (M I 1 10 O 10 S-t* co 00 OS co co co CM lO OO O CM t~- TH co co o o o > t~ OO n t~ 1~- lO t~ o oo rH H lO O >O * CO oo o so co co rH rH t^ O 00 CO CM CM CM CM O CO t^ 00 t~ o o o W.N.W. Or-l !-< OO CD * rH M (M -* O rH CO O CO CO CO CO CO CO 1-- -H CM rH CM o o o Tt< CO * 10 co TJ< 000 |j H |e t -H OO 1 t Tjl t o oo rH rH CM CM T*< lO rn CO o co co CO CC CO iO CO t lO O3 t O] CM CM * T*H (35 OO t 000 6s **! lO C5 IO t IN I-H oo r^ 0:00 rH -f CO CO CO CO 1 (M O rH (M O OO "O CD r|H CM IO CO r- O5 h- r- C35 co o o o |i 00 -* o * O >O rH O O rH rH rH CM * -rh OO CO O5 CM O CO I CO CM >O O5 CO O * O5 t CO CO CO rH CM CO O rH O i-H ! r-i IF i CO -*< t- CO (M iO rH 1 1 CM O rH rH O -t- -f Os r- co CM C'l >o co in co -* * -H o o o 10 10 co 33 O5 OS o o o + en tn CM CD OO O OS C73 rH O rH rH CM O rH rH O rf -H O3 t- CO CM CM >O O O OO O C33 co ^^ co O Tf CM rH rH rH TO rH CD [- 1~ lO (M i i CM o n o lO CM 1 r 10 CM CM O CM CM lO t O t~ t CM rH CO co r- oo r~ o co CO CM CO OO r)< t~ O OO OS r-i O O H CO oo co i ' co co 01 rH or- oo co o co rH rH CO t~ I-H r- CO CO >O o o o 00 CD CD CO CD O rH O rH w CD 00 CM lO t~ CM lO |-~ 10 co oo t~ t~ ^ O t- 00 CO O 70 ii rH CM O5 O 00 co co co CO CC3 CO iO -* >O rH O5 O rH O rH a bo oo r- 10 CO "O 03 1-H 00 > OS iM iO 1^ rH CM 1 1 rH rH rH a M C> TO OO 00 CD TJ4 Tt< CO 00 OO rH O5 CM >o r~ (M O5 I-H rH CM rH ( O2 o oo oo eq co co CO O rH rH i-H i-H ri QU M CO 00 -f 10 CO Tt< rH O Ol rH r- CO CO OO CO iO l~ c> o rH CO OO OS CNJ lO rH rH i-H a CO 3 ^ rH lO Tt< -* 00 t- CD CO rH rH . rM OO CM O CO lO CM rH rH 7O CO ii CM ^t 1 CM CO ^ "t "^ OO O ~V 0-1 CM CM rH rH rH S *. i.ia U3 1^ co co t t CD CO CO CO O Oi O O M CO ^O rH -HH CM CM O rH i-H i ( rH O3 O CO ^< CM CO CM CM CM w CM CO OO CM O CM lO OO CO i CO t-- CD co CO CD O 0} O O CM CO CD OO CD CM r- O rH iO iO iO O -f t^ IO -5t< -^ rH rH rH ri S5 ri rH OO Oi CO CO (35 (M T* CO CO IM O rH C5 O> Tt< O5 -* 7<1 CXI lO OO CO O5 O ^ CM rH r- rH CM O3 OO CM O CD (M CO CM K K M lO r-c O ^t^ OS ^t* M' CM lO t~ lO 1 CO CO * O iO lO >O 00 1-- lO O O i rH rH 1 to rH O5.O CO (M CO 1 1 rH CM !M >O t~ CO >O 00 O O3 00 rH rH CO OO CO t^- co co co O O5 "^ *t ? rH rH rH a K # CD O ^ "M t t t * rH CM lO t^ co >o co O5 O3 OO -H CO lO rH OO (X) t h- co co co rH CO 00 rH O O B fc O CO IO Oi O rH 00 O 00 cr. oo r Gi t^ t~- ' rH CO O lO VI CO iO -f 000 CM f~ 1 CD rH OO O r-i O H JB X ^-o i -f * OO >O TJI O5 oo o oo O 00 t- O5 t~ t rH CO -fl 1 rH' r^-* o CM CM 01 O5 O >O O O O d co os CM OS OS OS rH O3 i I O O5 rH rH 00 CO 10 O CO CO CO o o o CO rH CO CO 30 : t o o o z rH OO C3 O CO CO 1 t^ -* rH GVrH O O5 rH rH OO CO iO CM ri >o CM CO rH rjl OO CD CM CM CM O rH O i oo r- o o o f (N CM 10 CO O QO OO 00 r^ (M !M 10 CO CO oo oo oo 1^ CM CM 10 co co OO 00 OO o co co oo oo oo b- CM CM "O CO CO oo oo oo t~ CM CM 10 CD CO oo oo oo 10 co co oo oo oo h- CM CM iO CO CD OO OO OO 1 1 1 CO 00 CO iO "O iO oo oo oo 1 1 I CO OO CO lO O 'O oo oo oo CO OO CO O lO O 00 00 00 1 1 1 CO OO CO lO O *O oo oo oo 11 rH rH 1 1 1 CO OO CO lO O iO oo oo oo 1 1 1 CO OO CO lO CO "O oo oo oo 1 1 1 CO GO CO iO >O lO oo oo oo 1 1 1 CO OO CO iO O iO OO 3O OO r ^a s ^ . v - / t*. . ti o T3 a a JS.S *^ ca 5 t- ^-s & ** 2 -5 a * O Relative duration of each wind, or ratios of (1) to (2). (3) Ratios of the numbers in (3) to their respective means for all winds. (4) a '2 *-* x-N i-H g> & cet 'O a O IS * d ' 'S-CM^ &r Jl T3~ a 'S ,a sT ^s "85 .! *~ s~i O ^g |1 ^2 S 1 313 ^^ CO o a ao "** 3 OQ Ci I- 0) a> a -Q 9 B '-^ 3 > Tjt a 'S^ C a; ^a ti, *j a) 's!^ o'S S j*> & sjnoq u; puiM qoua jo uotjwnp a^n[oeqv gjnoq ni pniil qotja jo nopeanp 9?n[osqy 78 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. TABLE LXXXV. Comparative frequency of the several winds on the days in any part of which snow fell during the year, for the years 1853-57, 1858-62, and 1853-62. CLASS I. Light snow not exceeding one inch. | "3 o O C-l N Oi id -r CM CM id 1C t 7-1 t-to -t> OS id id CM 7-1 Id 1^ QO 00 . O2 O 000 CO O IN i~- r i" o o o CLASS II. Moderate snow, more than one inch and less than five inches. Calrits. OO l~ id S >- * 1-H id l^ 7-1 t~ Tf C3 O id (M CM id CC O CD 7-1 CO 7-1 o o o Oi id id -* co id o' do Z fc CM * CO CM Tt CO CD CO (M 1-H co o id CO -H t~ CD t~ CO CC ~? 1^- O -* CM i~- r- t~ 1-H I-H 1*H r- -f co J-) IM CM 1-! r-J 1-H N.N W. ^ 00 M rH CO Id o O Oi O t~- co r~ odd Ik J5 EE -*JH 1--I-H ii -t< co CO 35 id il CM CM "*< id -H CD O CO CO CO CO CO i-H (M i* O CD CO 0-1 CM CM rn b- i i id GO t~; W.N.W. -H oi I-H It id iM t ^t" id Oi rH rH GM GO I id o o o i-. -r co CO CO CO id id id id t^ co Oi O O d o d SS \ CO M OO CO CD CO CO CO I < id CM I~- ii co Tf CM O 7M co co to -- *< CD m oo CD CM CM C* id II I-H -H O CO CM CM O -H it i-H i-H x id O >d co t~ o rH CM *H -rfH 00 CO O2 7-1 O CO 1 CO 7-1 id id CO CD -f 7-1 CO o o o id co t Oi id 1- d o d i 00 rH Oi co r~ 1-1 cxi co O -H -H O rf -* C3 t~- CD CM -M oo t-- t- >d r- O O O O < CO >d O * Id Tf o o o tj 00 OB 1 - -M ~. 00 Id tO rH O rH rH -* -+i OJ t^ CD 7-1 M id Oi 10 CO i-H 7-1 o o o CO rH CO CO rt< id o o d it O rH 1-H CM rH CO I-H I-H d CO O5 CM O 1 id t~ o i^ r~ 7-1 < CO OO r- r(< 7-1 7^1 7-1 o o o O: Id rH Id -rf Id o' o d a 3 * id Oi oo o oo rH i-H t~ 1 !< O t OO co o co I-H CM Tf t~ C5 co o; r o o o OO O5 OO *** CD *d 000 ri 00 trf f O M< co o oo t~ l^ M< O t~ OO CO O CO CD CO id CM T)< CO o o o id Oi id d Oi t~ o o d ri O Oi *& O CO J r-i rH 00 I-H <35 CM 10 r- CM O3 i-H 1 1 Cq ^> co o oo i-- oo o o o -f CM OO co id >d o o o B tn -t I- rH t^- csi o I-H oo 03 CM id l~ C-l Oi rH I-H CM o or CD CD 7-1 -f o o o t~ o oo !>1 CO Oi rH d H oq 3 .05 CO CXI co o i 1-H 1-H (M 1-H 1-H ^1 OO N O tO 1C CM -H 1-H CO ^-1 00 id O CO 00 1-H O O CD O5 CM t Tj- CO o o o B OQ H t^ OO id r~ id co i* r- 0-1 00 7-1 O CD id 7-1 i co CD OO IM -f CO -f o o o t~- 7-1 Oi Oi OO OO d o d H oo o oo CO CO Oi rH CM CO I- -^ -n co co o OS O O CM CO ^3 t~ * id co co o o o CO CO id T)l * * o o o K CO OO ^t< 7-1 CT. 7-1 rH rn CO i^ co co co LJ o Oi id id 7-1 CO CD CO CO O t Id Id o o o , rH CO Oi ! N l~ 00 Id CM t- I-H CM CO co d o o o K Z M rH 7-1 CO 7^1 rH CO rH (M CO CO 7-1 id rH C2 -! Oi -* CM CM id O i CM id t- cc 000 CO CO CM O id CO W z * CO t t~oo id CM rH -* CM in ^- co o oo C75 O3 OO -H 1 CO CM T}l OO Tf O3 i ' 1-H O t-H CO b- CD O CD OO i-I O O si k CO CO C5 O 3S CT> CM CM ^ 7-1 id r CO id OO Ci os oo rH r- CO Id rH OC O id CM rH rH r^ M CO M IM 7-1 t^. 7-1 CO CM a z S5 Oi id -*f Oi I I CM CM id oo o oo as oo r as t- 1-H 1-H CO O Tf CM id id id 1-H 1-H f-H CM O i 1 rH ^H I-H 1-H 1-H 1-H H Z K O O O r- id c-i 1-H -H CO oo o oo Oi oc t~ Oi l~ 1 ri rH CO id ^f id OO 00 OO o o o Oi 7-1 rH i-- ao oo p rH rH z Tt< i-H Id CO t~ CO * * OS O5 T-H O O5 ^H oo co >n CM CM >d 000 CO 00 l- 11 1-H 1-H O O5 * CM CM CM 1i rH rH Z co ** i~ ^f CM CD rH rH CM O3 rH O Oi rH -H oo co id 71 7-1 id Oi OO 00 -* -f -f o o o -t -1i CM O O O 1 CM CM xd CO CO OO OO OO 1- -M M >O CD O a: ac 'Go 1 CM CM >d co co oo cr. oo 1^ iM *>! id CD CD OO OO OO 1- 71 71 id CO !O oo oo oo r CM M id CO CD oo oo oo t CM CM id co co GO GO OO I- 7-1 7-1 id CD CD V. ~J^ 'SJ CO OO CO id id id oo oo oo 1 1 1 co oo co iO O O OO GO OO 1 1 1 CO OO CO fcd id id oo oo oo 1 1 1 CO OO CO id Id id GC OO OO 1 1 1 co xi co o id id OO GO 00 1 1 1 Soo co Id Id oo oo oo 1 1 1 CO OO CO id id id 00 00 GO \ 1 1 CO 00 CO id id id or oo GO * 1 ? s II a < T3 i -a g .12 ' - *?& s-l i-i 13 a 'B S^T. %<& g_ o o -" B 'V-v r_x*o - s ~ ( * ^~ S ^3 |'l ^ S Ratios of the numbers in (3) to their respective means for all winds. (4) | O *|s jl w fS o t3 3 i rd *j tn '^^^7 &J^ .1-1 o "T3~ a '5 -a A S M 8>" * a ^^^ .2 Cxco, 2 'S -Ss l |8 M Ratios of the numbers in (3) to their respective means for all wirujs. (4) sjnoq ni puiAi qOK8 jo uopiunp a^njosqv sjnoq nt puiM. qosa jo aopeanp ajnjosqY TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 79 CLASS III. Heavy Snow, five inches and upwards. i S 3 .r- cs :o IO l^ CM t- CD Tf a: o 10 C-l 0) "0 CN< Tf TO 000 O * OS OS CM TO CM ^ i 1 r-t to oo co CD CO CO odd It z Z O4 OS r-l 04 I-H Tf TO O "O co rH j> co r- co TO CO i- CO IO CD o o o O o TO TO OO .r~ t-- r- odd if K m CO OS IO O 5 00 00 CO 11 TO O IO CO t- CO t^ TO TO TO t- * CO "O TO O4 04 CM O4 * CM 00 O4 I-H rH fs M TO CO rH I-H rn TO to o to OS Tf TO O 00 S3 CO CO CD <* o to o o o o o o OS TO to * t- CO odd |t z 01 IO !- O CO CO t- 00 tO I ( 10 o to OS <. TO O 00 Ol TO TO CO r^ to co O4 O4 !M 04 04 04 o t- oo CM rn rH r-l i 1 i 1 Kj z & CM 00 O i-l CM CM CM * IO CO O CO CO CO CO CO * OJ TO o o o o o o OS OS OS -* 04 TO odd * a ^ 00 I-H OS TO TO CO .t- O f~ t 1 i( CSI O4 <)< IO CO O CO CD TO CO CO CM IO IO -* 00 CO O4 ?4 04 00 OO 00 CM * TO rH i i i-H O >0 10 rH I 1 O4 CO t- IO CO O O Tf CO CO CO CO *** o o o o o o OS OS O4 Tf IO to odd ^ O CO CO OS 04 tfS t rH 04 OO *~ IO OS o O i * O CO TO CO O O O I TO O4 TO TO TO * rH f- CO f- CO i t i I rH S & -* 10 OS r-l r-l O O) *- I 1 CO Tf O4 O CM CO CO CO * to to O o q o OS TO tO * t~ 5O odd )c OS &i IO CO IO 00 TO OS OS OS IO CM t- I-H TO -* O4 O Ol TO TO CO oo * o OS CM i-H Ol CO TO t- 00 O4 IO CO CD *E ad t& t~ CO r-l 04 Tf * 00 CO OS CM O CO 1~ TO CN IO O4 CD -* 000 O O tO 00 O4 O4 X IO odd It .t IO t~ * O t OO TO O TO -H O4 rH t- CD Os * rH rH 00 CO rH * t~ CO odd a DO CM TO to co r* a. CM o r~ CM OS (N CM TO Ol o o o q q q to * co O4 * O odd H en I-H OS O 00 OS 00 i-l CN CO I-H OS O4 IQ ~ 04 OS i-H rH CM t- * CO * O CM 1 I f 1 r-H 00 * lr- t~ "O CO odd a d a OS CO to i-( CM ^H CM OO O4 O CO >O O4 I-H CO -> -* 00 i O q q q n os to CO IO O FH O l- a o t- 01 CD CD TO O4 r-l Tjl -H rH CM CO O4 O CO IO 04 1 1 rH TO 00 O IO tO rH TO I-H i-H l-H Tt* t- rH 00 to t~ odd H CO CM IO CD co ^4 rH f~ CD TO TO CD O OS IO O CM TO CO t~ OS O4 -H n q q q r- os os to -* M* O4 CM O4 a Jr- O t^ to os * TO * CO t CO TO TO CD O OS to O 04 TO CD O4 IT- O CM TO TO Tf rH 00 CD ~ CO odd a O4 O4 Tf Tf tO OS TO O ^- as o *t OS TJ- 04 O4 IO i> Jr* ^> q q q CO OS CM q * CM O4 CM O) H z * IO i-H O! O TO * OO TO (M tO OS O -* OS * CM O4 10 O * OS TO CO * rH rH 1 OS to 00 CO OO t^ odd a M Tf t-. < Tf TO CO CM 10 r^ CO iO 00 OS OS CO I CO CO OS H CM -- ^4 q q q rn CO >O CO !> t- O4 O4 OJ z I-H CO t^ O4 TO IO IO O CM to 1^ TO to a) OS OS 00 I-H I-H TO ^* t^ t~ CO < CN CM O4 TO f- O Tf TO Tf 1 1 1 1 l-H a Z K Tf JO Tf O4 to CO CO OS 00 t^ Oi i^ r- CO 04 Of t~ O4 I-H r-t .OS CO CM CO t* CM a s= z CC CO OS 1 1 Tjl IO 10 -* OS CO O 00 OS 00 t^ OS J^ t rH r-l TO t^ -H -* tO to to O4 O4 O4 CO O TO CO TO TO O O O4 rH O4 ti OO < O5 CO CM to OS OS 00 CO "5 CM CM O TO X O T-l q q q OS !> *ef IO rH ^4 1 1 rH rH K tO CO -H * i CO CO CD CM i 1 OS rH CS rH ~H 00 CD to O4 O4 to 04 CD Ct CM TO O4 O4 CM O4 t- CM O I-H O4 O4 i~ O4 O4 tO CO CO 00 CO 00 Jr^ CM CM >O CO CO CO 00 00 r~ O4 04 CO CC CO 00 30 1- C< CM 1O CO O 00 00 CO r- 04 04 to co co 00 00 OO t^ O4 7M tO CD CO 00 00 00 t^ O4 O4 IO CO CO CO 00 00 1^ CM O4 to CO CO 00 00 00 1 1 1 CO 00 CO tO IO IO OO GO OO 1 1 1 TO 00 TO o o o 00 CO 00 1 1 1 CO CO TO to to to 00 03 00 1 1 1 TO OO TO to to to 00 00 00 1 1 1 CO OO TO >o to to 00 00 OO 1 1 1 CO OO TO to to to 00. OO OO 1 1 1 TO 00 TO IO O IO 00 00 00 1 1 1 TO 00 TO tO to to 00 CO 00 F g JS ^ ^ ' GO . ' >> 3 a *> T3 & 3 1 M '- e s. H I'* o a a ' ix is =3 3^ gPSx "li^ t- o -S a; '43 .i 1 o rt 2=1 ^~*- S-, 00 =5 '^>t+- s l = I .g E ^ S g^ g'l II s.^ S'S.S r 1 o B ta *4-> " 05 ^^ & T3 a -a a . rt fe 3 !is ij w JS o T3 P ' f^ SS **- o o -S^ C '^^W c ^ / x ' i's -5 d) '^3 > ! -2 S 3 2=3 -"-N S5 SI 03 -x, Js- 1 s^ "c ll ?.?J o'S S I* 1 Rinoq ui puiii qoeojo uor)Baup ein[osqy s.inoi| ni pai.tt tpB^ jo uopBjnp ein|08qy 80 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. pq o H ^ B N rS B Cs M I is | i O rH O CS U5 CO TO rH O 2 O O O O O O O O O O O O (; o cs o ex J^ TO i O to -* os co tO TO rH *-(( 1~ t- to O to TO I-H IO o o o o O O O o o o o ES 55 r- -* OS O to -* -H 10 cs to cs cs I-H r- rH tO CN OS OS OS IN rH tO ^. o o o o rH O O O O O b O* OO OS CS 00 TO I-H O CS CO CN -* CS O O to TC OS IO O CN * 1 n> p r-t r-H 1 1 u FgjSo |-| PH 'ie-fiesi : : ? '. ^3 i- 'rH rH i-J g M S So j , ... a J s 3 o M 'S9-8S8I _>> 1 "g 9 I-H t-H rH g -H <*> S a J 3 - 'a PH se-sesi > a a rH * CO t- i tO tO 00 M K) O O 00 CO -^ Ir^ tO to fM (N CS I-- O CO i i-H O O O O O O O O O O te_ O Cs 00 TO 30 to O t- o o -" oo cs t- m t~ to cs 10 o 00 to 1C t~ JK O O O O o o o o o o o o ft CS O OS tO 00 OS tO OO MS CO CO CO C C3 CO O Ob CO rH rH to * OS t- I-H 10 m os t^ * OS tO I-H rH O O i-H rH O O rH I-H O O 1-H (73 O CO O TO -* (M 5! CO tO CS CN o o oo o t^ O Oi rH en ci os o * OS *! rH O CS OS O U 1-1 rH O rH 1-H O 6 rH rH O O rH ra * JO * OS 00 O O CO to o to to to t> 10 to * rH i^ OS CO CO O O i-i o o o o o o o o 1 (M CO X O 00 O CO OS I-H CO t~ CO 1^ CO OJ CO tO tO 5 1 t-- OS O 00 O .-H O O O O I-H O O O I-H O K 1O O (M -f o o -* o . : 1 c MMa g rH 60 I^'I 5 P5 4S-E98T : -&> i ~s. n rH H-5 1 ' ^ S 60 I. , .2 2 3 O PH 'S9-8S8T -&> :" o> ^KS! I-.-J T.9-8S8T TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. 81 CO O IN CM rH I- CO OS -* CO O CO OJ OJ CO 00 CO rH O OJ O 00 IO CO i CO OJ "O "O t- * CM CO o 10 oj oo t>- CD iO CO CM IO OS CO t~ IO CO CO S rH O O O o o o o rH O O O O O O O o o o o o o o r> I* CD -* CO OS 00 10 -tf CO O 1 OJ TC 00 CD CO "H 00 IO "^ t~* . kj J> CM CO -* CM CM t^ CM O OJ O IO OJ CO CO CO CD t- i-H oo o >o oo CO 17" CD |~^ H O O O O rH d d O o o o o rH O O rH rH O O rH rH O O rH &j en oo ^ -* CO CD IO t~ o .t co -^ CM * CO 00 ^* -!> ^f OJ O O M* !> is rH 00 OJ 00 IO t- * CM .t- IO OJ 00 CO * CM <*< rH O OS OJ t- CO CO CO o o o o rH O O O I-H O O O kj rH O O rH rH O O i-H rH O O rH ^ CO CO iO *- O O co Jr- rH IO ^f 00 OJ IO CM rH o 10 * oo ki CO IO OJ *** OJ CJ M* CO rH t~ OJ rH O OJ IO -t>- CJ CO - rH *O CM rH rH OS rH s Tl'CO IN * IO rH CJ rH IO * CM IO oj co co OJ * "O CM * CO rH r- O rH I-H rH O rH rH rH O rH tn ' d d d d O O O O o o o o ri * 00 CM OO O CM t- O CO O 00 * CO OJ CO 00 -*f rH rH t- OJ rH t> CJ d Tj< CJ CM t~ 10 >0 O -* IO rH CO >O rH rH O rH O O O O -H O O o o o o O O O O o o o o j a CM >O 00 IO O CM CO rH 1O OJ CO -* 00 rH CO OJ CO CO CO 5 OJ CM O O 9 00 IO CM 00 OJ OJ * CO CD OS ^ lr^ 00 IO CO rH IO t- CM CO ,2 3 rH rH rH rH O rH O O O rH rH rH CQ o o o o O O O O o o o o 1 3 ^* CO CO OS CO rH rH OS rH CJ CM rH rH CO CM CM i>- (N O * * IO CO ^ IO 00 00 CO Jr~ IO OJ CM CO | O rH rH rH ! O rH O O o o o o o o o o .S d I CM CO rH 00 rH CM OS CM CD 00 CO O OJ >O CM CM CO rH CO ^J* O * >O CM rf 3 CO ^ >* CO t- OJ CO 00 cj CM as t- * OO "O IO CM CJ IO rH CO 00 O t- 03 H rH rH rH rH O O rH O 0000 O O rH O H * CO OJ O rH CO * >O 10 O O * rH CO CM ^ * rH CO -t- il CD CO ^J* w CO rH *^ IO ^ OS IO CD CO rH CJ rH TT CM ^ J^ >O CO 00 00 -* O CO rH rH CM rH rH 1-1 CM i-H i t rH CM rH O O CM O O rH CM O O rH CM O M CO O CM IO CM CO CM IO IO O OJ 00 o oo o "o rH J>- CD IO z t~ CD OO OS -* O O CO * CO CJ IO IO IO Tj< CO rH CM CM 00 10 co CM r~ H rH rH CM rH rH rH CO rH I-H rH CM rH w O rH CM O O rH CM O O rH CM O H O CO O rH O I-H * rH CO CO O CO CJ rH -- O CO 00 00 t- Jj CM OS OJ CO rH t~ CO CO O HH >-H r-1 c I-H I-H aj rH tlD O - A "" 1 O PH 'S9-8S8I : 11 1 S 3 .H 'S9-8S81 (-5 r-5 I-H g J9 a U 02 : : * 2 HH HH (-J g *""^ ^^ fafl I s s i U 02 'S9-8S8I :i CO crt 3 O ^ 3 O 02 '59-8S8I 11 TORONTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. TABLE LXXXVII. Number of days in which rain fell with its depth in inches', for each month of the years 1860, 1861, and 1862. Number of days. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Ang. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec. Year. 1860 6 7 5 11 16 14 13 14 14 15 12 3 130 1861 4 4 8 12 12 13 16 15 17 15 14 6 136 1862 5 3 8 10 8 10 15 15 9 19 11 5 118 Means for the 3 years. 5 5 7 11 12 12 15 15 13 16 12 5 128 Means for 23 years... 5 4 6 9 11 12 10 10 11 12 10 5 106 Depth in inches. 1860 1861 1862 0.740 0.685 0.115 1.330 0.815 0.180 0.882 2.125 2.560 1.282 1.619 2.235 1.815 3.380 1.427 2.136 2.329 1.007 4.336 2.635 5.344 3.405 2.953 3.483 1.959 3.607 2.344 1.618 1.993 2.684 2.569 4.294 2.205 1.362 0.560 1.945 23.434 26.995 25.529 Means for the 3 years. 0.513 0.775 1.856 1.712 2.207 1.824 4.105 3.280 2.637 2.098 3.023 1.289 25.319 Means for 21 years... 1.269 1.034 1.553 2.390 3.084 2.961 3.672 3.034 3.788 2.529 3.192 1.637 30.143 TABLE LXXXVIII. Number of days in which snow fell with its depth in inches, for each month of the years 1860, 1861, and 1862. Number of days. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. Jane. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dee. Year. 1860 16 13 11 5 1 8 21 75 1861 23 17 14 4 1 1 g 8 76 1862 19 17 11 4 2 11 8 72 Means for the 3 years. 19 16 12 4 1 9 12 74 Means for 23 years ... 12 12 9 3 2 6 13 58 Depth in inches. 1860 8.7 18.8 2.4 0.3 # 1 9 135 45.6 1861 20.6 29.7 7.1 6.9 0.5 * 3.2 6.8 74.8 1862 27.4 23.1 18.5 0.2 05 5 3 104 85.4 Means for the 3 years. 18.9 23.9 9.3 2.5 0.2 0.2 3.5 10.9 68.6 Means for 20 years... 14.3 18.3 9.3 2.4 0.1 0.8 3.2 14.5 62.8 Inappreciable. TOROXTO METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. TABLE LXXXIX. Mean monthly and annual temperatures in each of the twenty-three years, from 1841 to 1863 inclusive, with the average monthly and annual temperatures in the whole period. Also the probable variability of a single year, and of each month in a single year, together with the probable errors of the monthly and annual averages for the whole period. Mean Difference* Jan. F.-li March. April. May. Jane. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. NOT. Dec. Tempera- tures. from Average. 1841 256 22.4 27.7 392 50.5 65.6 65.0 6l.4 613 4f.6 35.0 28.7 43.92 -8.26 1842 27.9 26.9 35.8 43.1 49.1 55.6 64.7 65.7 55.7 45.1 33.3 24.7 43.96 0.22 1843 28.7 14.5 21.3 40.9 49.1 58.4 64.5 66.4 59.1 41.8 33.5 30.0 42.35 1.83 1844 20.2 26.0 31.3 47.5 53.6 59.9 66.0 64.3 58.6 43.3 34.9 28.2 44.48 +0.30 1845 26.5 26.0 35.4 42.1 49.6 61.0 66.2 67.9 56.0 46.4 36.8 21.1 44.58 +0.40 1846 26.7 20.4 33.1 44.0 55.5 63.3 68.0 68.4 63.6 44.6 41.3 27.5 46.36 +2.18 1847 23.3 21.5 262 39.2 54.4 58.4 68.0 65.1 55.6 44.0 38.6 30.1 43.70 0.48 1848 28.7 26.6 28.6 41.3 54.1 62.9 65.5 69.2 54.2 46.3 34.5 29.1 45.08 +0.90 1849 18.5 19.5 33.5 39.0 48.0 63.2 68.4 66.3 58.2 45.3 42.6 26.5 44.09 0.09 1850 29.7 26.0 29.8 37.9 47.6 64.3 68.9 66.8 56.5 45.4 38.8 21.7 44.45 +0.27 1851 25.5 27.6 32.4 41.3 51.3 59.2 65.0 63.6 60.0 47.4 32.9 21.5 43.98 0.20 1852 18.4 23.4 27.7 38.2 51.4 60.8 66.8 65.9 57.5 48.0 36.0 31.9 43.84 0.34 1853 22.9 24.2 30.8 41.9 50.8 65.4 65.5 68.7 58.9 44.5 38.7 25.4 44.80 +0.62 1854 23.5 21.2 30.8 41.1 52.1 64.1 72.4 68.1 61.1 49.5 36.9 21.9 45.23 +1.05 1855 25.9 15.6 28.6 42.5 53.0 59.9 67.9 64. L 59.6 45.4 38.6 26.9 43.98 0.20 1856 16.0 15.8 23.2 42.3 50.4 62.1 69.8 63.6 57.2 45.4 37.4 22.9 42.18 2.00 1857 12.7 28.7 28.0 35.4 48.8 56.9 67.7 65.4 58.7 45.5 33.6 31.9 42.75 1.43 1858 30.0 17.1 28.6 41.5 48.8 66.1 67.8 67.7 59.2 48.8 34.2 27.4 44.76 +0.58 1859 26.4 26.2 36.5 39.6 55.1 58.2. 66.8 66.7 55.2 43.0 38.9 17.9 44.21 +0.03 1860 23.3 23.0 34.6 39.6 55.5 63.1 63.8 64.5 55.4 47.3 38.0 24.0 44.34 +0.16 1861 19.8 26.2 27.1 42.1 47.4 61.2 65.3 65.5 59.1 48.8 37.2 31.2 44.24 +0.06 1862 21.7 22.6 28.9 39.6 52.1 60.5 66.6 67.7 59.7 48.7 35.6 28.8 44.37 +0.19 1863 28.0 22.6 26.0 42.1 54.2 60.1 67.5 66.6 55.9 460 39.1 27.0 44.59 +0.41 Means 1841-1863 2391 22.78 29.82 4