s University of California Berkeley THE ILLUSTRATED HAND-BOOK, A Jfou) nitre for rat)elers THROUGH THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION OF THE STATES, CITIES, TOWNS, VILLAGES, WATERING PLACES, COLLEGES, ETC., ETC. ; WITH THE RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, THE DISTANCES FROM PLACE TO PLACE, AND THE FARES ON THE GREAT TRAVELING ROUTES. Hmbellfo&etr toftf) 125 Wtfbly> ffnfsfjeti Hitfltatofnsa. ACCOMPANIED BY A LARGE AND ACCURATE MAP. BY if CALVIN SMITH. NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY SHERMAN & SMITH, 122 BROADWAY, COR. CEDAR-STREET, 1847. A ' To PUBLISHERS. The proprietors of this work, having been at great expense in collecting the matter contained in this volume, which is mostly original, would respectfully remind persons who are getting up similar publications, that the copyright has been regularly secured according to the Act of the United States Congress. To BOOKSELLERS AND DEALERS. Any person or persons selling copies of a work which is an infringement of an existing copy- right, are liable to a fine on each copy sold by them. This work will be revised twice yearly, and all the latest infor- mation, relating to the railroads, stage-routes, &c., inserted. SHERMAN & SMITH. #3" ForJTable of foreign coins, and the value of American coins in English, French, and German currency, see page 234. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1846, by SHERMAN & SMITH, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. PECK & STAFFORD, Printers, New Karen, Conn. 3-7 . Bancroft Library PREFACE. IN presenting to the public a work like the present, it is ex- pected that the compiler should give some account of the grounds on which he rests his claim to attention. The materials for this little volume have mostly been drawn from official documents and from information procured by agents who have travelled over most of the territory herein described, and it will hence be found as perfect as it is possible for a work of this character to be made. The illustrations, which are mostly original, or have been carefully selected from the most faithful representations, are engraved in the best style by eminent artists, and will bear comparison with the most finished specimens of the art. They exhibit views of the most remarkable natural scenery, cities, colleges, fcc. These engravings will be found of great utility, conveying as they do a far better idea of the objects than could be derived from the most labored description. The directions for Travellers, printed in italics, and following the description of each place, will prove very useful, especially the time of arrival and de- parture of cars, steamboats, and stages at and from each place ; these, with the prices of fare, have been arranged with the greatest care, and may be relied upon for their accuracy. The Railroads, with the Depots, and the distances between them, are shown in the Tables of Routes, and will also be found, together with all the Steamboat and Stage Routes, accurately delineated on the ac- companying Map. Great labor has been bestowed in collating and adjusting, in the most minute manner, on the Map, a larger amount of correct information than can be found iu any similar work, in so condensed a form. RAILROADS. By referring to the number of route in the body of the work, from the last column of this table, the length of the road in operation may be found, with the name of each depot and the distances between. Those Rail- roads not having a reference are not in operation in any portion. Names of Railroads. State. From To Ms. No. of ong Route. Albany&W. Stockbridge N. Y. Greenbush Mass. S. Line 38i 52,144 Alabama, Florida &- Geo. Flor. Pensacola Montgomery, Ala. 56 r Alexandria &. Cheneyv. La. Alexandria CheneVille 30" Trans* Annapolis &, Elk Ridge Athens Br. Geo. R. R. Md. Washington Br. Jnion Point Annapolis Athens 20 267 39 ; 384 Atlantic &. St. Lawrence Me.' Portland Montreal, Can. Attica and Buffalo . . N. Y. Attica Buffalo 31 150,205 Attica and Hornellsville it N.Y.& Erie R.R. Attica 60 Auburn and Rochester it Auburn Rochester 78 150,205 Auburn and Syracuse . Alton and Shelbyville . 111. Syracuse Alton Auburn Shelbyville 26 150,205 Alton and Shawneetown Shawneetown 145 Baltimore and Ohio . . Md. Baltimore Wheeling, Va. !t)ti 264,336 Bait, and Susquehanna it ii Penn. State Line 30 247,260 Bangor and Old Town Bear Mountain . . . Me. Pa. Bangor Dauphin Old Town Bearrnont 10 28 4 Trans. Beaver Meadow . . . ii Perryv.lle Beaver Meadow 26 ii Berkshire flass Conn. Sute Line West Stockbridge 23 118 Bloomirigton and Pekin 111.' Bloomington Bordentown, Trenton Br. N.J. Bordentowa Trenton 6 206 Boston and Lowell . . Lowell 25 a 3 27 Boston and Maine . . S. Berwick, Me. 72 4, 21 Boston and Providence it ii Providence, R. 1. 42" 67,85 Boston and Worcester . Worcester 44 121,144 Branch of Central . . 111. Shelbyville Indiana State Line 71 .1 Buffalo & Niagara Falls N. Y. Buffalo Niagara Falls 22" 199 Cahawba and Marion . Ala. Cahawba Manon 27' Canal Railroad . . . Conn. New Haven Pittsfield, Mass. Camden and Amboy N.J. South Amboy Camden 61 207 Camden and Woodburv Camden Br. S. C. R. R. S. C. Camden Columbia Branch Woodbury 9 30 219 Carbondale .... Pa. Carbondale Honesdale 16, 235 Carrolton La. New Orleans La Fayette 4", 440 Catawissa Pa. Tamaqua Catawissa U Trans. Central . . Mass. Greenfield Burlino-ton, Vt. 1 "J | Central Pa. PittsbuV"' ' ;>i ! ' Central Va. Richmond Guyandotte KM Central Macon \'.">M 379,401 Central . . . Mich. n.itrnit New Buffalo 542* Central III. Cairo Galena 4S6 Champlain and Conn. R. Vt. Burlington Bellows Falls Itol Champln&St. Lawrence Can. St. Johns La Prairie 15* 129, C. Chesterfield .... Va. Manchester Coal mine 13, Cheshire N. H. Fitzwill.am Bellows Falls 45 Chicopee Branch . . Mass. Conn. R. R. Chicopee Falls 2 62 Chippewa&-Queenstown Can. Chippewa Queenstown 10 1 205,0. Cayuga & Susquehanna City Point N. Y. Ithaca Va. ^Petersburg- Owego City Point 284 134,136 y ,294 Clinton and Port Hudson La. iPort Hudson 28 Trans. Columbia Pa. IPhiladelphia Columbia 82 '223 Columbia Br.S. C. R.R. S. C. [Branchville Columbia 66 368 Connecticut River . . Concord Mass. Springfield N. H.i Nashua Greenfield Concord 36 62 35 27 Cumberland Valley . . Pa. Harrisbure- Chambersburg 60 225,246 Dedham Branch . . . Mass. B. and P. R. R. Dedham 2 ! 67 Detroit and Pu.itiac . . Mich. Detroit Pontiac 25 540 Eastern Mass. Boston Portsmouth, N. H 51 I, 21 Elizabetht'n&,Somerville Erie and Kalarnazoo N.J. Ohio. Eliza be thport Toledo Somerville Adrian, Mich. 26 33 210 550 The Railroads referred to thus [Trans.] are used for transportation of coal, &c. Mass. Fall River N. Braintree 42 leS.70 1 Fitchburg Pa. ^harlestown Chambersburg B. and O. R. R. Fitchburg Williamsport, Md Frederick 49$ 30 *i 37 246 263 Frederick Branch . . Md. Franklin and Bristol . N. H. Northern R. R. Bristol 12 Galena and Chicago . Georgia 111. Geo. Chicago Augusta Atlanta 100 171 185,499 Gloucester Branch . . Mass Beverly Gloucester If Grand Gulf & Pt. Gibson Miss. errand Gulf Port Gibson 71 ). 158 Great Falls Branch . . N. H. Somersworth jreat Falls 3" 3 Gettysburg Extension . Greenville and Roanoke Pa. Va, Gettysburg Hicksford hlagerstown, Md. Gaston, N. C. 41} 17* 292,349 Great Western . . . Can. Niagara R. Sandwich no Harlem . N Y. New York Albany 144 126 Hartford & New Haven Conn. New Haven Mass. State Line 56J 65,123 Hartford and Springfield Harrisburg & Lancaster Hazleton Mass. Springfield Lancaster Hazleton Conn. State Line Harrisburg Hazleton mines 6 36 10 65,123 223 Trans. Hempstead Branch . . Hiawassee N. Y. Tenn. L. Island R. R. Knoxville tiempstead Cross Plains, Geo. 4 121 73 118,124 Hudson and Berkshire . V. Y'. Hudson * 31 142 Hudson River .... i< New York Albany 145 Jackson and Brandon . Miss. Jackson Brandon 12 471 Kennebec and Portland La Grange and Memphis Me. Tem.. Portland Memphis Augusta La Grunge 58 63 Lawrenceb'g&Indianap. Lewiston la. N. Y. Lawrencetrurg Lockport R. R. Indianapolis Lewiston 100 3 199 Lexington &. W. Camb. Lexington and Ohio Mass. Ky. Lexington Frankfort W. Cambridge Lexington 7 28 37 504 Lehighaud Susquehanna Pa. Wilkesbarre White Haven 20 227 Linden and Demopolis Ala. Linden Demopolis 12 Little Schuylkill . . . Little Miami .... Pa. Ohio. Port Clinton Tamaqua Spr.ngfield 2s) 84 Trans. 338 Lockp't &, Niagara Falls N. Y. Lockport Niagara Falls 24 195 Long Island .... Brooklyn Greenport 96 121 Louisa Va. Potomac R. R. Gordonsville 35 288 J Macon and Western . Geo. Macon Atlanta 101 382,387 Madison &. Indianapolis Mad River la. Ohio Madison Springfield Indianapolis Sandusky City Bl 1 34 530,534 338 Mansfield and Sandusky Sandusky Mansfiuld 56 338* Marblehead Branch . . Maes. Salem Marblehead 3 1 Mauch Chunk . . . Pa. Mauch Chunk Coal mines 9 Trans. MemphisBr.W&A.R.R. Geo. Kingston Rome 18 499 Mexican Gulf. . . . La. New Orleans Pascagoula Sound 60 Milbury Branch . . . Mine Hill Mass. Pa. B. and W. R. R. Schuvlkill Haven Milbury Mine Hill Gap li 20 52 Trans. Miss Natchez 140 466 Mine Hin&,Scnuylkiil H. Pa. Schuylkill Haven Coal mines HI Trans. Mohawk and Hudson . N. Y. Albany Schenectady 16 150,20$ Montgomery & West Pt. Ala. Montgomery West Point, Geo. 85 387,422 Morris and "Essex . . N. J. Newark Morristown 208 Mount Carbon . . . Pa. Mu Carbon Coal mines I Trans. Muscogee Geo. Barnesville Columbus 65 Nashua and Lowell . . Maes. Lowell Nashua, N. H. 27 Nashville ^Chattanooga New Bedford & Taunton MM?.' Nashville New Bedford Chattanooga Taunton 20 68 Newburgh Branch . . N. Y. N. Y. &E. R. R. Newburg New OrleansCity . . Lou. New Orleans Streets S j i N. Orleans & Nashville u Lou. State Line 63 j N. Orleans 369,383 Southern Mich Lake Michigan Skaneateles Branch . N. Y'. A. &, S. R. R. Skaneateles 5 150 St. Josephs and lola . Flor. St. Josephs lola 28 Susquehanna &- Lehigh Pa. Wilkesbarre White Haven 2o" 227 Syracuse and Utica . N. Y. Utica Syracuse 53 1 50,203 Stonington Taunton Branch . . . Conn. Mass. Stonington Mansfield Providence, R. I. 47 H 67,122 67 Tallahassee .... Tioga, C. I. & M. Co. . Tonawanda .... Trov and Greenbush . Flor. N. Y. Tallahassee Attica" 3 Port Leon Blossburg Buffalo Troy 24 40 43 g 408 222 150,203 147,124 Trenton &.N. Brunswick N. J. New Brunswick Trenton 24 i35!23l Tuscumbia and Decatur Utica and Schenectady Ala. N. Y. Tuscumbia Schenectadv Decatur Utica 45 78 435,499 150,203 Valley Verm't & Massachusetts Vicksburo 1 and Jackson Warrenton Branch . . Waynesboro' .... Wash'tonBr.(B.&O.R.) West Feliciana . . . Western Pa. Mass. Miss. Geo. Md. Mass Schuvlkill R. Fitchburg Vicksburg Georgia R. R. Augusta * m. tm. Baltimore St Francisville Coal mines Brattleboro', Vt. Jackson Warrenton Brinsonville Washington Woodvifle, Miss. 20 65 45 li 58 3d., M Trans. 472 385 266,278 440 Western New York . N. Y. Worcester Svraci.se N. Y. State Line 1 18 35 52,144 Western and Atlantic . Westmmsier Branch . West Chester Branch West Philadelphia . . Geo. Md. Pa. A'tlanta B. and S. R. R. Columbia R. R. Philadelphia Chattanooga,Ten. Westminster West Chester Columbia R. R. N 10 9 C) 382 260 223 223 West Siockbridge . . Williarnsport &, Elmira Wilmington &, Raleigh Winchelter&Potomac Worcester and Nashua Mass. Pa. N. C. Va. Mass. W. Stockbndge Williamsport Wilmington Carpers Ferry Worcester N. Y. State Line Elmira, N. Y. Weldon Winchester Nashau, N. H. n piv 45 118,124 222 273,352 268 Wetumpka and Coosa York & Maryland Line York and Wrio-htsville Ypsilanti and Tecumseh Ala. Pa. Mich. Wetumpka Ypsilanti Vlarvland Line Wnghtsville Tecumseh 56 21 12 24 247,336 247,336 There are several other short roads used fot the transportation of coal, &c. INDEX. Abbeville, S. C., 176, 178. Belleville, 111., 216. Abingdon, Va., 112, 133. Belfast, Me., 16, 62. Accomac, Va., 128. Bellows Falls, Vt., 22, 65. Adams, Mass., 66. Bennington, Vt., 22, 65, 74. Adrian, Mich., 199,215,216. Berkely Springs, Va., 109. Akron, O., 119, 135. Berrien Springs Mich., 216. ALABAMA, state of, 153. Berwick, Pa., 124. Albany, N. Y., 53, 69, 73, 74, 75, 79. Binghamton, 60, 72, 75. Albion, Mich., 215. Bloomingtoii, la., 195. Alburg Springs, Vt., 22. Alexandria, D. C., 104, 129. Blooming-ton, Iowa, 212, 213. Blossburg, Pa., 123. Alexandria, La., 164, 182. BlountsvTlle, Tenn., 133, 184. Alton, 111., 201,216,226. Blue Sulphur Springs, Va., Ill, 133. Allentown, Pa., 124, 126. Blue Lick Springs, Ky., 190. Allyn's Point, Conn., 70. Bolivar, Tenn., 185, 187. Arnherst, Mass., 33, 66. Boniar Springs, Tenn., 186. Arnlierst, N. H., 64. Bonham, Texas, 183. Andover. Mass., 23, 6!. Booneville.Mo., 206,227. Angelica, N. Y M 72, 78. Bordentown, N. J., 83, 122. Annapolis, Md., 98, 129. Ann Arbor, Mich., 198, 215. Boston, Mass., 25, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70, 71, 74. Apalachicola, Flor., 153, 179. Aquackanonck, N. J., 72, 82. Archidelpl.ia, Ark., 182. ARKANSAS, state of, 168. Botetourt Springs, Va., 112. Bowling Green, Ky., 192,185,212. Bowling Green, Mo., 220. Bradford Springs, S. C., 175. Arkansas Post, Ark., 169, 183. Branchville, S. C., 176, 177. Ashtabula, O., 127, 134. Brattleboro, Vt., 22, 64, 65. Ashville, N. C., 142, 173, 186. Brazoria, Texas, 167, 183. Astoria, Oregon, 221. Bridgeport, Conn., 39, 70, 71. Athens, Pa., 72. Bringiers, La., 182. Athens, O., 118, 135. Bristol, R. I., 35. Athens, Ala., 156, 181. Bristol, Pa., 93. Atnens, Ga., 148, 177, 178. Brooklyn, N. Y., 47, 70. Attica, N. Y., 74, 79. Brookville, la., 214. Atlanta, Ga., 177, 186, 187. Brownsville, Me., 62. Auburn, N. Y., 56, 74, 77, 79. Brownsville, Pa., 127, 130. Augusta, Me., 14, 62. Brunswick, Me., 15,61. Augusta, Ga., 148, 176, 178. Augusta, Ky., 190. Bucyrus, O., 135. Buttalo, N. Y., 68, 74, 78,79, 127, 134, 229. Augusta Springs, Va., 110. Burlington, Vt., 21, 64, 71, 75, Austin, Texas, 166, 182. Burlington, N. J., 83. Avon Springs, N. Y., 57. Burlington, Iowa, 210, 219, 220, 226. Butler, Pa., 126. Bainbridge, N. Y., 77. Bainbridge, Ga., 178, 179. Cahawba, Ala., 156, 180. Balcony Falls, Va., 133. Calais, Me., 16,61. Ba!i/.e. La., 225. Caldwell, N.Y., 55,74. Ballston. N. Y., 54, 74. Cambridge, Mass., 28, 64. Baltimore, Md., 97,74,125, 126, 128, 129, 134, 137. Cambridge, Md., !28. Cambridge, O., 117, 130. Bangor, Me., 15, 62. Barcelona, N. Y., 72, 76. Camden, N. J., 83, 122. Camden, S. C., 145, 175. Bardstown, Ky., 191,212. Canals in the United States, 229. Barnstable, Mass., 67. Canajoharie, N. Y., 75. Bastrop, Texas, 167, 183. Batavia, N. Y., 58, 78, 79. Canaan, Conn., 69. Canandaigua, N. Y., 57, 74, 77. Bath, Me., 16. Cannonsburg, Pa., 90. Bath,Va., 131. Canton, N. Y., 79. Bath, N. Y., 72, 77. Cape Island, N. J., 83,123. Baton Rouse, La., 161, 182, 226. Beaufort, N. C., 140, 173, 174. Cape Girardeau, Mo., 207, 216. Cape Vincent, N. Y., 76. Beaufort, S. C., 176. Carbondale, Pa., 93, 125. Beaver, Pa., 90, 127, 134. Carlisle, Pa., 88, 124, 126. Bedford Springs, Pa., 89. Bellefontaine, O., 121, 137. Carlisle Sulphur Springs, 88. Castine, Me., 16, 62. Bellefonte, Pa., 124, 126. Cftslleton.Vt., 22. INDEX. Catskill, N. Y., 52,71,75. Danville, Va., 133, 173 Centreville, la., 213. Danville, Ky., 191. Centreville, Md., 128. Dansville, N. Y., 72. Centreville, Mich., 216. Darien, Ga., 177, 178. Cerulian Springs, Ky., 18& Davenport, Iowa, 219. Chambersburg-, Pa., 88, 124, 126, 129. Davton.O., 121, 135, 213. Chapel Hill, N. C M 141, 173, 186. Decatur, Ala., 181. Chariton, Mo., 227. Charleston, S. C., 131, 144, 175, 176, 180. Defiance, O., 233. DELAWARE, state of. 94. Charlestown, Mass., 27. Delaware City, Del., 95. Charlestown, N. H., 64. Delhi, N.Y., 75. Charlestown, Va., 109. Delphi, la., 214. Charlotte, N. C., 141, 175. Demopolis, Ala., 155, 180. Charlottesville, Va., 108, 131. Derby, Vt., 65. Chatiahoochee, Flor., 179. Detroit, Mich., 78, 131, 198, 215, 2!8. Chattanooga, Tenn., 186. Dixon, 111., 216, 219. Cherry Valley, N. Y., 75. Donaldsonville, La., 163, 182. Chester, Pa., 94, 125. Dover, N. H., 19, 61. Chestertown, Pa., 99. Dover, Del., 95, 127. Chesterville, S.C., 145. Dover, N. J., 122. Cheraw, S. C., 145, 174, 175. Doylestown, Pa., 123. Chicago, 111., 202, 207, 219, 230. Drennon's Lick Springs, Kv., 192. Chillicothe.O., 118, 135. Chilhowee, 112. Dunkirk, N. Y., 72. Dubuque, Iowa, 210, 219. Christiansburg, KY., 123. Duxbury, Mass., 67. Cincinnati,O., 115/130, 134,135,136,137,214. Circleville, O., 118, 135, 136. Easton, Pa., 93, 122, 125, 126. Clarendon Springs, Vt., 64. Easton, Md., 99. Clarksburg, Va., 127, 130. Eastport, Me., 16,61. Clarksville, Ga., 149, 175, 178. Eastville, Va., 128. Clarksville, Tenn., 172, 219. Eaton, O., 135,213. Cleveland, O., 119, 78, 127, 134, 137. Clifton Springs, 57. Ebensburg, Pa., 124. Edenton,^.C., 133,140,174. Cloverport, Kv., 192. Edwardsville, III., 217. Coffeeville, Miss., 180, 184. Elizabeth Citv, N. C., 140. Coidwater, Mich., 215, 218. Elizabethtown, N. J., 81, 122, 125. Columbia, S. C., 143, 174, 176, 179. Elkton, Md., 99, 125. Columbia, Pa., 128. Elmira, N. Y., 60, 72, 77. Columbia, Ark., 225. Ellicottsville, N. Y., 78. Columbia, Tenn., 71. Ellsworth, Me., 62. Columbia, Mo., 206. Elyria,O., 120, 134. Columbus, O., 117, 130, 134, 135, 136. Emmettsburg, Md., 99. Columbus, Ga., 149, 176, 177, 179. Erie, Pa., 71,90,124, 126,127,134. Columbus, Miss., 159, 180, 184. Estillville, Va., 112. Columbus, Kv., 185, 192, 213, 224. Eufaula, Ala., 155, 179. Concord, N. H., 19, 63, 64. Evansville, la., 195, 214. Concord, Mass., 29- Exeter, N. H., 20, 63. Conhocton, N. Y., 77. Conneaut, O., 78, 134. Fairfield, Conn., 71. CONNECTICUT, state of, 36. Fall River, Mass., 32, 68. Conway, N. H., 63. Falmouth, Mass., 67. Cooperstown, N. Y., 60, 77. Farmville, Va., 109, 132. Corning, N. Y., 72, 77, 123. Farmington, Conn., 70. Cort land Village, N. Y., 77. Fauquier White Sulphur Springs, Va., 1 D8. Corpus Christi* Texas, 167, 183. Fayetteville, Mo., 220. Coshocton, O., 120, 135. Fayetteville, N. C., 140, 174, 175. Cotton Ginport, Miss., 184, 187. Covington, la., 214. Fayetteville, Ark., 184. Fincastle, Va., 112,133. Covington, Ga., 177. Fitchburg, Mass., 66. Covington, Ky., 190. FLORIDA, state of, 150. Council Bluffs, 227. Florence, Ala., 156, 181, 182, 185. Crawfordsvitle, Ga., 177. Forsyth, Ga., 178. Crawfordsville, la., 195, 213. Fort Gibson, Ark., 182, 183. Crown Point, N. Y., 71. Fort Leavenworth, Mo., 227. Cumberland, Md 100, 128, 130, i36, 137. Cumberland Gap, Tenn., 186, 211. Fort Madison, Iowa, 210,217, 219. Fort Smith, Ark., 182. Cuyahoga Falls, 119. Fort Snelling, Wis., 226. Fort Towson, Ark., 183 Dacota. Fort Wayne, la., 196, 233. Dahlonega, Ga., 149, 176, 178. ? Fort Wirinebago, 219i Danbury, Conn., 71, 7S. ! Frankfort, Ky., 189, 212. Dandridge, Tenn., 186. I Franklin, Pa., 126. INDEX. Franklin, Tenn., 172. Frederick, Md., 99, 128. Fredericksburg, Va., 108, 132, 174. Frederickstown, Mo., 221. Fredonia, N. Y., 78. Fredonia, la., 214. Freehold, N. J., 83. Fryeburg, Me., 16, 62. Fulton, Mo., 206, 220. Gainesville, Ala., 155, 180, 184. Galena, 111., 203,216,218. Gallipolis, O., 118,135. Galveston, Texas, 166, 183. Garysburg, N. C., 174. Geneseo, N. Y M 72, 78. Geneva, N. Y., 57, 77, 79. GEORGIA, state of, 146. Georgetown, D. C., 103, 130. Georgetown, Del., 95, 127. Georgetown, S. C., 145, 175. Georgetown, Ky., 190,211. Gettysburg, Pa., 91, 1*24. Gilmanton, N. H., 20. Glasgow, Mo., 207, 220. Glenn's Falls, N. Y., 55, 74. Glasgow, Ky., '.36, 192. Golconda, 111., 216. Goldsboro, N. C., 130. Goshen, N. Y., 72, 75. Grand Coteau, 163. Grand Gulf, Miss., 158,225. Grand Haven, Mich., 199,215. Grand Rapids, Mich., 215, 216. Grayson Sulphur Springs, Va., 112. Great Harrington, Mass., 73. Great Crossings, Ky., 191. Great Falls, N. H., 19, 61. Greensboro', N. C., 141, 173, 186. Greenfield, Mass., 33, 66. Greenville, S. C., 146, 176, 178. Greenville, O., 213. Guildhall, Vt., 63. Gunter's Landing, Ala., 181, 187. Guyandotte, Va., 1 13, 133. Hackensack, N. J., 82. Hagerstown, Md., 100, 128. Hallowell, Me., 16, 61. Hamilton, O., 121, 136. Hampton, Va., 107, 133. Hancock, Md., 100,128. Hannibal, Mo., 207, 220. Hanover, N. H., 20, 65. Hardinshurg. Kv., 211. Harper's Ferry,'Va., 109, 128, 130. Hamburg, Pa., 125, 126. Hampton, Va., 107, 132. Harnsburg, Pa., 88, 123,125, 126. Harrisburg, La., 182. Harrodsburg, Ky., 136, 185, 191, 212. Hartford, Conn., 38, 68, 69. Haverhill, Mass., 20, 61. Haverhill, N. H., 63, 65. Havre de Grace, Md., 99, 125. Hawkinsville, Ga., 178. Helena, Ark., 169, 183. Herculaneum, Mo., 276. Herkimer, N. Y., 56, 74. Hickman, Ky., 192, 213, 224. Hicksford, Va., 133. Holmes Hole, Mass., 67. Holly Springs, Miss., 159, 184. Hollidaysburg, Pa., 91, 124, 126. Holston Springs, Va., 112. Honesdale, Pa., 72, 93, 125. Hopkinton Mineral Spring, 33. Hot Springs, Va., 110. Hot Springs, Ark., 169, 183. Houlton, Me., 16, 62. Houston, Texas, 166, 183. Hudson, N. Y., 52, 71, 73, 75. Hudson River, 48. Huntingdon, Pa., 91, 124. Huntingdon, Tenn., 185, 187. Huntsville, Ala., 156, 181, 186. Huron, O., 78, 215. ILLINOIS, state of, 200. Independence, Mo., 207, 220. INDIANA, state of, 193. ndianapolis, la., 194, 212, 213, 214. ndian Springs, Ga., 149, 177, 180. ndian Territory, OWA, state 01, zu. owa City, Iowa, 210, 219. onia, Mich., 215. Ithaca, N. Y., 60, 73, 75, 77. Jackson, Mich., 199,215,216. Jackson, Mo., 184. Jackson, La., 163. Jackson, Miss., 158, 184, 185. Jacksonville, Flor., 152. Jacksonville, 111., 201,216,217. Jamestown, N. Y., 126. Jamestown, Va., 105, 132. Jefferson City, Mo., 184, 204, 227. Jeffersonville, la., 223. Jersey City, N. J., 48, 82. Johnstown, Pa., 91. Joliet, III., 214,216, 218. Jonesboro, Tenn., 172, 174,186. Jordon's White Sulphur Springs, Va., 110. Kalamazoo, Mich., 199, 116, 215. Kanawha, Va., 133. Kaskaskia, 111., 201, 216. Keene, N. H., 64. Kenton, O., 137. KENTUCKY, state of, 188. Keytesville, Mo., 220. Kingston, N. Y., 72. Kingston, Tenn., 172. Knoxville, Tenn., 133, 172, 174, 176,177, 178, 186,211. La Fayette, la., 196,213,217. La Favette, La., 182. La Grknge, Ga., 150, 177, 179. La Grange, Texas, 183. Lake George, 55, 74. Lancaster, N. H., 62. Lancaster, Pa., 124, 129. Laporte, la., 213. La Salle, III., 216, 219. Laurens, S. C., 176. Lawrenceburg, la., 136, 194. Lebanon, Pa* 126. Lehigh Gap, Pa., 125. Leonardstown, Md., 129. Lewisburg, Va., 133. Lewisburg, Ark., 183. Lew is town, Pa., 124, 126. 10 INDEX, Lewistown, D1 M 217. Morristown, N. J., 82, 182. Lexington, Mass., 9. Mottville, Mich., 215, fc!8. Lexington, Ky., 136, 185, 189, 21 1, 212. Mt. Clemens, Mich., 215. Lexington, Va., Ill, 133. Mt. Holly, N. J., 83. Lexington, Mo., 207, 227. Mt. Pleasant, la., 212. Liberty, Mo., 207, 227. Mt. rernon, Va., 103, 189. Lincolnton, N. C., 141, 175. Mt. Vernon, O., 120, 134. Litchfield, Conn., 39, 70. Mumfordsville, Ky., 212. Little Falls, N. Y., 22, 56, 76. Murfreesboro, Tenn., 172, 185. Little Rock, Ark., 169, 183. Littleton, N. H., 63. Nacogdocr.es, Texas, 167, 182. Lock Haven, Pa., 126. Lockport, N. Y., 58, 78. Nahant, Mass., 24. Nantucket, Mass., 33, 67. Loo-ansport, la., 196, 213, 214. Lon 124, 125i St. Joseph, Mo., 207, 227. St. Louis, Mo., 183, 205,212, 220, 221,22 St. Mary's, Ga., 177. Pickensville, S. C., 176. St. Stephen's, Ala., 156, 180. Pickensville, Ala., 180. Piermont, N. Y., 71. gaginaw, Mich., 215. Salem, Mass., 29> 61, 68. Pigeon Springs, la., 195. Pikeville, Ala., 182. Salem, N. Y., 64. Salem, N. J., 83, 123. Pittsburg, Pa., 89,126,127,128,1 34>137,22 Salem, N. C., 141, 173. Pittsfield, Mass., 73. Platte City, Mo., 220. Plattsburg, N. Y., 55, 71, 76, 79. Plymouth, Mass., 31, 67. Salem, Ky., 185, 212. Salisbury, N, G., 141, 174,175. Salt Sulphur Springs, Va., 111. Sandusky, O., 120, 137. Point Coupee, La., 182. Sandy Hill, N. Y., 74. Point Pleasant, Va., 113, 133. San Antonio de Bexar, Texas, 167. Pontiac r Mich., 215. San Augustine, Texas, 167, 183. Pontotoc, Miss., 184, 187. San Philipe de Austin, Texas, 167, 183i, Portland, Me., 14, 61, 62, 6J. Santa F e , Texas, 168,221. Port Deposit, Md., 124, 125. Port Gibson, Miss., 159. Port Leon, Flor., 179. Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 54, 74. Saratoga Lake, N. Y., 54. Sault St. Marie, Mich., 78, 199. Port Huron, Mich., 215. Portsmouth, N. H., 19, 61, 63. Savannah, Ga., 146, 176, 177, 179. Schoharie, N. Y., 75. Portsmouth, Va., 133. Sehenectady, N. Y., 55, 74, 79. Portsmouth, O., 118, 135. Pottsville, Pa., 92,123,125. Schooley's Mountain, N. J., 83, 122: ScotUville, Ky. r 136. Potosi, Mo., 183, 207. Selma, Ala., 156, 181. Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 51, 73, 75. Prairie du Chien, Wis., 209, 218, 225. Princeton, N. J., 81. Providence, R. I., 35, 68, 70. Seneca Falls, N. Y., 56, 57, 74, 79. Shannondale Springs, Va., 109. Sharon Sulphur Springs, N. Y M 56, 79. Shawneetown, 111., 202, 216,217, 224. Shelbyviile, Ky., 211. Quebec, Canada, 62. Shelbyviile, la. r >36, 214. Quincy, Flor., 179. Shelbyviile, 111., 217. Qumcy, 111., 217. Shocco White Sulphur Springs, 1 49, Shreveport, La., 164, 182, 183. Racine, Wis., 217. Shrewsbury, N. J., 122. Rah way, N. J., 81. Raleigh, N. C., 139, 17?. Sing Sing, N. Y., 71, 73, 75. Skaneateles, N. Y., 77. Ravenna, O., 127. Reading, Pa., 92, 123, 125, 126. Skowhegan, Me., 62. SmithviTle, N. C., 174. Red Sulphur Springs, Va., 111. Revnoldsburg, Tenn., 185,187. RHODE ISLAND, state of, 34. Richmond, Va., 106, 129, 132, 174. Riverhead, N. Y., 70. Smithland, Ky., 192,212,224. Smyrna, Del., 95. Snow Hill, Md., 99, 128. Society Hill, S. C., 175. Somerville.N. J., 81. Rochester, N. Y., 57, 72, 78, 79. Somerville, Tenn., 185, 187. Rockford, III., 218. Rock Island City, 111., 203, 219. South Amboy, N. J., 83. South Bend, la., 196, 213. Rockport, la., 224. SOUTH CAROLINA, state of, l. 12 INDEX. Sparta, Ga., 186. Warsaw, 111., 280. Spartansburg, S. C., 146, 175. Springfield, Mass.,' 32, 66, 73. Washington, Pa., 90, 127, 136. WASHfNGTON, D. C., 73, 100, 128, 129, Springfield, O., 121, 134, 136. 180,173. 174, 185. Springfield, Mo., 207,221. Washington, N. C., 140, 173, Springfield, 111., 201,216,217. Spring Place, Ga., 177. Washington, Texas, 166, 183. Washington, Miss., 158, 184. Stafford Springs, Ct., 39. Washington, Ark., 183. Statesville, N. C., 174. Washington, la., 212. Staunton, Va., 110, 132, 133. Washington, O., 136. Steubenville, O., 118, 127, 134. Watertord, Me., 62. Stonington, Conn., 39, 68, 69. Waterloo, N. Y., 57, 74, 79. Sulphur and Tar Springs, Ky., 192. Watertown, N. Y., 76. Sunburv, Pa., 92, 126. Waterville, Me., 16,62. Sweet Springs, Va., 111. Syracuse, N. Y., 66, 74, 76, 77. Weldon, N. C., 129, 140, 174. Wellsburg, Va., 1 13, 222. Westchester, Pa., 94. Talbotton, Ga., 176, 179. West Point, N. Y., 50,71 Tallahassee, Flor., 152, 179. West Point, Ga., 177. Tarboro', 140, 173. Westport, Ky., 223. Taunton, Mass., 31, 67, 68. West Union, O., 135. Taylorsville, Tenn., 186. TENNESSEE, state of, 170. Wethersfield, Conn., 68. Wetumpka, Ala., 155, 180. Terre Haute, la., 195, 213, 2 IT. TEXAS, state of, 164. Wheeling, Va., 113, 127, 128, 180, 134 Whitehall, N. Y., 55, 64, 71, 74. Thomaston, Me., 16, 61, 62. White Mountains, N.H., 17, 65. Tiffin, O., 137. White Plains, N. Y., 71. Toledo, O., 120,131, 134. Tolland, Conn., 69. White Sulphur Springs, Va., Ill, 129, 133 White Sulphur Springs, Ga., 160. Topsham, Me., 16, 61. White Sulphur Springs, Flor., 152. Towanda, Pa., 125. Wilkesbarre, la., 93,123,125. Trenton, N. J., 81, 122. Wilkesboro, N. C., 173. Trenton Falls, N. Y., 56, 76. Williamsburg, Va., 107,132. Troy, N. Y., 71,74, 75. Williamsport, Pa., 92, 123, 126. Tunkhannock, Pa., 123. Williamsport, la., 214. Tuscaloosa, Ala., 155, 179, 181, 186. Williamstown, Mass., 33,66. Tuscumbia, Ala., 156, 181, 185. Wilmington, Del., 73, 95, 125, 127. Tyree's Springs, Tenn., 185. Wilmington, N. C., 140, 174, 176. Winchester, Va., 110, 129, 132. Union Point, Ga., 176, 187. Winchester, Tenn., 186. Uniontown, Pa., 180. Windsor, Vt., 22. Union ville, S. C., 175. Urbana, O., 137. Wiscassett, Me., 61. WISCONSIN, 208. Utica, N. Y., 56, 74, 76, 77. Woodbury, N. J., 83, 123. Woodstock, Vt., 22, 63. Valley Forge, Pa., 92. Woodstock, Va., 110. Van Buren, Ark., 182, 184. Woodville, Miss., 182. Vandajia, III., 202,213,216. Velasco, Texas, 183. Woonsocket Falls, R\ I., 34,68. Wooster, O., 120, 127, 134. Verg-ennes, Vt., 22, 64. VERMONT, state of, 20. Worcester, Mass., 32, 66, 69, 74. Wyoming, Pa., 93, 123. Versailles, Ky., 211. WytbeviRe, 112, 173, 184. Versailles, la., 214. Vevav, la., 214, 223. Xenia, O., 121, 134, 136. Vicksburg, Miss., 159, 184. Vienna, Ala., 180. YazooCity, Miss., 159.182. Vienna, 111., 216. Yellow Springs, O., 121, 134, 136. Vincennes, la., 212, 216. York, Pa., 91, 124, 128. VIRGINIA, state of, 104. York Sulphur Springs, 91. Yorktown, Va., 108, 132. Wadesboro, N. C., 175. Yorkville, S. C., 175, 176. Warm Springs, Va., 110. Warm Springs, N. C., 174, 186. Youngstown, N. Y., 78. Ypsilanti, Mich., 198, 215, 218. Warren, Pa.; 126. Warrenton, Va., 108. Zanesville, O., 117, 127, 134, 135. Warrenlon, N. C., 132, 140. Zebulon, Ga., 178. Warsaw, Ky., 223. STATE OF MAINE. 13 MAINE, THE most northeasterly state of the republic, extends from lat. 43 Q to 47 24' N., and between Ion. 6 and 10 : E. from Washington, and contains an area of 30,000 ' square miles. Population, 1840, 501,792. The state is f divided into 13 counties. Its shores are indented by deep 1 bays, forming many excellent harbors ; and its waters ? are studded with numerous islands of every variety of ' form and size, from the rocky islet to those of 150 square miles in extent. Near the coast the surface is level, but it rises on proceeding inland ; and most part of the state is hilly, forming in many places a congeries of hills, or elevated cones, several of which reach an elevation of 4000 feet, and Mt. Katahdin rises to the height of 5335 feet above the level of the sea. In the northwest, an elevated ridge forms the water-shed dividing the waters of the St. Lawrence from those of the Atlantic ; a lateral branch of this ridge, of still less elevation, separates the Kennebec and Penobscot rivers from the St. John's. It has been estimated that one-sixth part of the surface of Maine consists of water. There are numerous lakes, the largest and most noted of which are Moosehead, Sebago, Chesuncook, and Umbagog. A part of the waters of the latter extend into New Hampshire. Some of these lakes are justly celebrated for the picturesque beauties of their scenery. A steam- boat has been built to ply on the waters of Moosehead lake. The Kenne- bec and the Penobscot are the two most important streams, the former is navigable to Augusta, and the latter to Bangor. Their shores are adorned with villages, and the intervals along their margins are the most fertile and best cultivated in the state. The Saco, Androscoggin, and St. Croix rivers enter the Atlantic. St. John's and its confluents, the Walloostook, Alla- gash, and Aroostook, drain the northern part of the state. The St. John's forms a part of the northern boundary of the state, by the late treaty of Washington, and its waters are open to the free navigation of both nations. The principal bays are Casco, Penobscot, Machias, and Passamaquoddy. The climate is healthy ; but the winters are long and severe. The prin- cipal productions are Indian corn, wheat, barley, rye, flax, and the grasses. The uncleared lands are of great extent, and furnish an immense amount of pine and other lumber. Marble and lime are extensively ex- ported. On the sea-coast large quantities of cod-fish are dried and prepared for the market ; and the rivers abound in excellent salmon. Ship-building is extensively carried on. The principal literary institutions are Bowdoin College, at Brunswick ; Waterville College, at Waterville ; the Bangor Theological Seminary, at Bangor ; and the Wesleyan Seminary, at Read field ; and there are about 90 academies and 4000 common schools throughout the state. 14 STATE OF MAINE. The government is vested in a governor, senate, and house of represent- atives, who are elected annually. The senate consists of 31, and the house of representatives of 151 members. Seven counsellors are elected by the legislature to advise the governor on all matters pertaining to his legislative duties. The judiciary consists of a supreme judicial court and a court of common pleas, each composed of a chief-justice and two associate justices. The judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor and coun- cil, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until they have attained the age of 70 years. The right of suffrage is possessed by every male citi- zen of the United States, 21 years of age, (excepting paupers, persons under guardianship, and Indians not taxed,) who shall have resided in the state for three months next preceding an election. The first permanent settlement in Maine was made about the year 1630 ; and in 1652 the inhabitants were placed under the jurisdiction, and formed a part of, the colony, subsequently the state of Massachusetts. It was styled the District of Maine until the year 1820, when it was admitted into the Union as an independent state. The constitution was formed in 1819. The railroads, with the distances between each depot, will be found in the accompanying tables of routes ; for example, see Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth railroad pages. 61 and 62 . PORTLAND, The metropolis, is situated on a peninsula, at the western extremity of Casco bay. It is 105 miles from Boston, 320 from New York, and 545 from Washington. Population, 15,500. The harbor is safe, spacious, and easy of access ; completely land-locked ; and is well defended by forts Preble and Scammel. The ground on which the city is built, rises at its eastern and northern extremities, presenting a beautiful appearance when approached from the sea rising like an amphitheatre between two hills. The public buildings are a court-house, jail, city hall, custom-house, an exchange, an athena^um s with a library of 5,000 volumes, 16 churches, and 11 academies. On Mt. Joy, an eminence a little to the northeast part of the city, is an observatory 82 feet high, and 226 feet above the level of the sea, from which a beautiful view is obtained of the harbor, its islands, and the surrounding country. Cars leave daily for Boston and the inter- mediate places. Fare to Boston, $3. Stages leave daily for Eastport, and Calais, via Brunswick, Thomaston, and Belfast ; also for Houlton, via Augusta and Bangor. Jl triweekly line runs to the White Moun- tains ; and also to Quebec, via Augusta and Norridgewock. Steamboats ply between Boston and Portland, and Bangor and Portland. frCT" For tables of distances, see routes in Maine, pages 61 to 79 where will be found the railroad, steamboat, and stage routes from the cities and principal towns throughout the state, with the distances between the inter- mediate places. AUGUSTA, the capital, is situated on both sides of the Kennebec rivez, STATE OF MAINE. 15 43 miles from the sea, and at the head of sloop navigation. It is 150 miles NNE. from Boston, 469 from New York, and 595 from Washington; and contains a state house, a United States arsenal, a state insane hospital, a high school, 6 churches, and 6,000 inhabitants. The State House is sit- uated on an eminence, on the west side of the river. The central part is 84 feet long, and 56 deep, with two wings, each 34 feet long and 54 deep. It has a Doric portico of 8 columns; and before it is a spacious park, adorned with trees and shrubbery. There is : a tine bridge across the Kennebec, and a sub- stantial dam has been constructed across the river a short distance above, forming a very . extensive water-power. Stages leave daily *' for Portland and Bangor ; three times a week for Belfast and Thomaston ; for Jin son and Phillips, and also for Fryeburg. BANGOR is situated at the head of navigation, on the west side of the Penobscot river, which is here crossed by a bridge J ,320 feet long. It is 222 miles from Boston, 436 from New York, 663 from Washington. It occupies an eminence from which a fine view is obtained of the surrounding country. Steamboats ply regularly between this place, Portland, and Boston. It contains a court-house, jail, a bank, 7 churches, the Bangor Theological Seminary, 2 academies, and about 11,000 inhabitants. The Theological Seminary has 3 professors, 50 students, 139 alumni, and 7,000 volumes in its library. It gives a classical and theological course in four years. The lumber trade of Bangor is extensive. Stages leave daily for Portland ; three times a week to Houlton ; also for Calais, Castine, Bel- fast, Skowhegan, &c. Old Town is on an island of the same name in Penobscot river, 12 miles from Bangor ; here are manufactured immense quantities of boards, &c. On another island, about a mile above, are the remnant of Penobscot Indians, (about 360. ) They have a small church. BRUNSWICK is situated on the left bank of the Androscoggin river, at the Pejepscot Falls, which here make an extensive water-power. It con- tains 9 churches, *- two academies, a cotton and wool- len factory, and 4,500 inhabitants. It is the seat of Bowdoin College, which was found- \ ed in 1794, and or- ganized in 1802; has a president and nine professors, or other instructors, 749 alumni, 190 students, and 23,950 volumes in its libraries. The commencement ia on the 1st Wednesday in September. Attached to this institution, is Maine Medical School, founded in 1820, which has 4 professors, 60 stu- dents, and 464 graduates. The lectures commence on the 15th of Feb- ruary, annually. The philosophical apparatus and cabinets of anatomical preparations, mineralogy, and natural history, are very complete. It re- ceived a donation of $10,000 from James Bowdoin, Esquire, its principal benefactor, from whom it was named. The state has granted it five townships of land and $3,000 annually. Its principal edifice has been 16 STATE OF MAINE. several times burned, but has been rebuilt. The college chapel, a granite edifice, is in the Romanesque style of architecture. BATH is situated on the right bank of Kennebec river, 12 miles from the sea. It is built on a declivity, and extends for a mile and a half along the river, and three-fourths of a mile back from it. It has an excellent harbor, and vessels of the largest class come up to its wharves. It contains 2 banks, several churches, 5 academies, 75 stores, and 5,500 inhabitants. Steamboats ply regularly between this place and Portland, and Boston, the most part of the year. THOMASTON is situated at the head of St. George's bay, and contains the Baptist Theological Institute, a bank, 3 academies, the state prison, several churches, and 5,000 inhabitants. The Theological Institute was founded 1837 ; has 2 professors, 23 students, and 500 volumes in its library. The state prison is near the bank of the river, and attached to it are 10 acres of ground. The buildings are of stone, surrounded by a high wall. Im- mense quantities of lime of the best quality are manufactured here. BELFAST is pleasantly situated on an arm of Penobscot bay, 30 miles from the sea; and has a spacious harbor, sufficiently deep for vessels of the largest class. It has several churches, an academy, and 4,500 inhabitants. EASTPORT is situated on Moose Island, and is connected by a bridge with the main land. It is the easternmost town in ! the United States; has a good harbor, and 1 I contains 5 churches, an academy, a United j States garrison, and 2,000 inhabitants. CALAIS is situated on the right bank of the ( St. Croix river, at the falls, opposite St. I Andrews, 250 miles from Portland, and has i about 3,000 inhabitants. HALLOWELL is pleasantly situated on the right bank of the Kennebec river, and contains 5 churches, an academy, and 5,000 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to Portland and Boston. Gneiss is extensively quarried under the name of Hallowell granite, and exported to most of the eastern states. CASTINE is situated on a promontory in the E. side of Penobscot bay, and has a good harbor. It contains about 1,200 inhabitants. HouLton, 120 miles NNE. of Bangor, is situated on a small stream emptying into St. John's river, near the New Brunswick line. It con- tains the Hancock barracks, a United States military post, several stores, and 1,500 inhabitants. WATERVILLE, 18 miles north of Augusta, ig situated on the right bank of the Kennebec river, near the Teconick Falls ; and contains a bank, several churches, and about 1,500 inhabitants. It is the seat of Waterville College under the direction of the Baptists. It has, a president and six professors, 210 alumni, 70 students, and 7,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the 2d Wednesday in August. Fryeburg, 48 miles from Portland, is beautifully situated on a plain, and contains a church and an academy. Lovell's Pond lies near the village, famous as the scene of a desperate fight between the whites and Indians in early times. Topsham on the Androscoggin river ; Gardiner and Norridgewock on the Kennebec river ; Bucksport and Frankport on the Penobscot river ; Bristol on the Damariscotta river ; and Machias on the Machias river, are large and thriving places. STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 17 EW HAMPSHIRE . Is situated between lat. 42 41' and 45 11' N., and I 70 40' and 72* 30' W. Ion. It contains 9,194 square miles, and 284,574 inhabitants. This state has only 18 miles of seacoast, and the shore is generally a sandy beach. Portsmouth is the only good harbor in the state. A short distance from the - J coast, the country becomes beautifully diversified by hill \ and dale, and adorned by several picturesque sheets of water. The White Mountains are situated a little north of the centre of the state, and have become a place of great resort during the summer months ; they are usually ascended from the southeast. After climbing the sides of the mountain for some distance, the forest trees begin to diminish in height, until at the elevation of about 4,000 feet, you come to a region of dwarfish evergreens, which put forth numerous branches and surround the mountain with a formidable hedge, a quarter of a mile in thickness. On emerging from this thicket, you are above all woods, and at the foot of what is called the bald part of the mountain, which is very steep, and consists of a huge pile of naked rocks. After at- taining the summit, the traveller is recompensed for his toil and trouble, if the sky be serene, by a most noble and extensive prospect. The other principal mountain peaks are Moosehillock, 4,636 feet high ; the Grand Monadnock, 3,254 feet above the level of the sea ; and Kearsarge, 2,461 feet high, on the west, and the Moose and Ossippee mountains on the east. These moun- tains, though not a connected range, are regarded as a continuation of the Alleghanies. The notch or gap in the White Mountains, is justly regarded as a curiosity. It is on the west side of the mountains, near the source of Saco river. It is a deep and narrow defile, in one part only 22 feet wide. The mountain mass appears as if riven quite to its base by some convulsion of nature, perpendicularly on one side, and on the other, at an angle of forty-five degrees. The ; road which has been made through this pass is Crossed by the river Saco, which rushes rapidly down the sides of the mountain, and gives a picturesque effect to the scenery. The Silver Cascade, a beautiful sheet of water is precipitated over three precipices, from a height ' of 250 feet into a basin formed by the hand of \ nature, in the rock beneath. In its fall it presents a diversity of pleasing appearances ; and in this whole mountain region, nature seems to have sported her wildest fancies. The lakes form another peculiar characteris- tic of this state ; Winnipiseogee is 23 miles long and 10 broad in ita 2* 18 STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. widest part. Its form is very irregular ; its shores exhibit almost every gradation of scenery, and its surface is studded with numerous islands. The waters are very pure, being supplied mostly by springs. Squam lake is 6 miles in length and about 3 in breadth, and is surrounded by bold and rugged scenery. It embosoms many islands. Ossippee, Sunapee, Con- necticut, and Newfound lakes are smaller, but picturesque sheets of water. Another object of curiosity in this state is Bellow's Falls, in the Connecticut river, at Walpole. The descent of the water in the space of 100 rods, is 44 feet ; there are several pitches one above another; at the highest of which a large rock divides the stream into two channels, each about 90 feet wide. When the water is low, the eastern channel is dry, being crossed by a bar of solid rock ; and the whole stream falls into the western channel, where it is contracted to the breadth of sixteen feet, and flows with astonishing force and rapidity. A bridge has been constructed over these falls; and a canal half a mile long, with nine locks around them on the west side. Amoskeag Falls, in the Merrimac, consists of three successive pitches, falling nearly 50 feet. There are also extensive caverns at Chester. The Profile Mountain, at Franconia, is a singular eminence. It is a regular peak 1,000 feet in height, presenting a bold front of solid rock ; a side view of this exhibits a profile of the human face. The Connecticut river has its source in the highlands on the north border of the state, and its west branch forms the boundary line between New Hampshire and Canada, to within one mile of the 45th deg. of N. latitude. Its general course is south by west, and dividing New Hampshire and Ver- mont, it passes through the western part of Massachusetts, and the central part of Connecticut, where it enters Long Island Sound. Merrimac river, the Pemigewassit branch, rises near the Notch in the White Mountains, and is joined by the Winnipiseogee, 70 miles below the source of the former. It here takes the name of Merrimac. The Androscoggin and Saco, rise and have part of their course in this state. The principal literary institutions of the state are Dartmouth College in Hanover, and the Gilmanton Theological Seminary at Gilmanton. There are in the state about 70 academies, and 2,200 common schools. The constitution was formed in 1784, and in 1792 was altered to its present form. The governor is elected annually by the people on the second Tuesday in March. He must have resided in the state for seven years next preceding his election, be thirty-five years of age, and possess property to the amount of .500, one half of which must be a freehold within the state. The council consists of five members chosen by the people, who must have resided in the state for seven years, and possess property to the amount of Jt)500, and be thirty years of age. The legislature consists of the senate and house of representatives, and is denominated the General Court of New Hampshire. The senate consists of twelve members chosen annually by the people, who must be at least thirty years of age, have resided in the state for seven years preceding the election, and possess property within the state to the amount of .200. The house of represen- tatives consists of 250 members, elected annually by the people. A mem- ber must have resided two years in the state next preceding his election, be thirty years of age, and possess property to the amount of 100, within the district which he represents, one half of which must be a free- hold. All judicial officers are nominated and appointed by the governor and council, and hold their offices during good behavior ; but are removable by the governor, with the consent of the council, at the representation of STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 19 both houses of the legislature. No judicial officer can hold office after he is 70 years of age. The secretary and treasurer are elected by the joint- ballot of both houses of the legislature. Every male citizen of the age of 2] years or over, excepting paupers, and persons excused from paying taxes at their own request, has the right of suffrage. The first settlements made in the state were at Dover and Ports- mouth, in 1623. In 1641, all its settlements, by a voluntary act, submitted to Massachusetts, but were made a separate province by an act of Charles II. t in 1679. A temporary government was established in 1776, to continue during the war of the Revolution. June 21st, 1788, the state in convention adopted the constitution of the United States, yeas 57, nays 46. PORTSMOUTH, a port of entry, and the capital of Rockingham county, is the largest town in the state. It is pleasantly situated on a peninsula, on the right bank of Piscataqua river, three miles from the ocean. The harbor is completely land-locked, and has the advantage of being always free from ice. Portsmouth is 54 miles north of Boston, and 493 from Washington. Two bridges connect it with Kittery on the opposite side of the river in Maine ; an- other bridge connects it with Great Island, on which is alight-house. On Con- tinental Island, on the opposite side of the harbor, is the navy yard. The town contains 8 churches, 7 banking houses, a custom house, 2 markets, an academy, an atheneum, an almshouse, a state lunatic hospital, and about 8,000 inhabitants. The atheneum, a very flourishing institution, was in- corporated in 1817, and has a library of more than 5,000 volumes, besides cabinets of minerals and of natural history. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Boston, (fare $1.50,) and for Portland, (fare $1.50.) Stages leave three times a week for Concord. CONCORD, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of the Merrimac river. It is 76 miles NNW. from (~~ Boston, and 481 from Washington. It lies chiefly on 2 streets, one of which extends I nearly 2 miles. It contains a state house, a j court-house, jail, bank, state prison, eight I churches, 350 dwellings, and about 4,000 I inhabitants. The State House is an ele- I gant structure of hewn granite, 126 feet long, and 49 feet wide. The hall of repre- sentatives and the senate chamber, are i spacious and elegant rooms. By means of artificial locks and caucus around the falls in Merrimac river, and the Middlesex canal, a navigable communication exists from Boston to this place. Cars arrive from, and depart twice daily for Boston, (distance 76 miles ; fare $1.75.) Stages leave three times a week for Portsmouth ; and for the yVhite Mountains ; and for Burlington, Vt., via Hanover and Montveliei thence connecting with a steamboat line to Montreal ; and for Montreal, via Haverhill, Derby, and Stanstead, Canada : and also for Brattleboro, ft., via Keene. DOVER, the capital of Strafford county, is prettily situated at the Lower falls of the Cochecto, which affords an abundant water-power. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 academies, 10 churches, several extensive manufac- turing establishments, and about 5,000 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and depart for Boston daily, (distance 66 miles; fare $1.75;) also from Portland, (43 miles ; fare $1.25.) Stages leave for the White Mountains 3 times a week. GREAT FALLS VILLAGE, 6 miles north of Dover, contains several manufacturing establishments, and 2,500 inhabitants. 20 STATE OF VERMONT. EXETER, at the head of tide water, on Exeter river, has a court-house, a bank, 4 churches, an academy with a valuable library, philosophical apparatus, &c., and several manufactories. Cars pass through it daily from Boston to Portland. NASHUA is on the right bank of the Merrimac river, 41 miles from Boston. It contains several manufacturing establishments, 10 churches, many pretty residences, and about 7,000 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and depart three times daily for Boston (fare $1,) and Concord, (fare 75 cts. ) Stages leave daily for Windsor, Ft. ; three times a week to Bratlleboro, Vt., and three times a week to Worcester, Mass. HANOVER is pleasantly situated on the left bank of the Connecticut river, and contains a church, many neat dwel- lings, and the buildings of Dartmouth College. This institution was founded in 1770, and be- sides the collegiate, it has a medical depart- ment. It has a president and 15 professors or other instructors; has had 2,228 alumni, has 331 students, and 16,500 volumes in its libraries. K The commencement is on the last Thursday in July. The medical department, instituted in 1779, has 6 professors, 80 students, and has had 577 graduates. The lectures commence on the first Thursday in August. Stages pass through Hanover for Concord and Jlfontpelier. HAVERHILL is on the east bank of Connecticut river, and has a court- house, bank, a church, an academy, and about 60 dwellings. GILMANTON is 20 miles north of Concord, situated on the Suncook river. The village contains an academy and the Gilmanton Theological Seminary, founded in 1835. It has 3 professors, 26 students, and 4,300 volumes in its libraries. '"* c& VERMONT lies between lat. 42 44' and 45 00' 30" : N., and 71 30' to 73 20' W. Ion., and contains an area [ of 9,056i sq. miles ; and in 1840, 291,948 inhabitants. This state presents a very considerable variety of sur- face. It is traversed from north to south by the Green Mountain range; some summits of which rise to a height of 4,279 feet above the sea. About the centre of ,. the state, they divide into two ridges, the principal of which passes in a north-northeast direction, into Canada. The Green Mountnins are from ten to fifteen miles wide, much intersected by valleys abounding with springs and brooks, and are mostly covered with ever- greens to their summits, from which they have derived their name. The STATE OF VERMONT. 21 rivers are inconsiderable : most, of those flowing east are merely small tributaries of the Connecticut ; those on the east side are larger and longer, and the three principal, viz., Lamoille, Missisque, and Winooski, rise on the east side of the principal mountain chain, which they break through and enter Lake Champlain. Otter creek rises on the west side of the mountains, and enters Lake Champlain. The climate varies according to differences of level and other circum- stances. It is healthy, although the winters are severe. The soil is fertile, but more suitable for pasturage than tillage. Wool is the staple production ; sheep, horses, and cattle are raised in great numbers. The legislature formerly consisted of a single house of assembly, but in 1836, two separate houses (a senate of 30 members, and a house of representatives, composed of one member from each town) were established, which, together with its governor, lieutenant-governor, and executive coun cil, are chosen annually by the people. The right of suffrage is vested in every male citizen 21 years of age, who has resided in the state for the year previous to the election. The judicial power is in a supreme court of five judges, and county courts each composed of one judge of the supreme court, and two assistant judges. Judges are chosen annually by the general assembly, and a court of censors, by a popular vote once in 7 years. The general assembly meet annually in October. There are three colleges in Vermont, viz., the University of Vermont at Burlington, Middlebury College at Middlebury, and Norwich University at Norwich ; and there are about 50 academies, and 2,500 common schools throughout the state. "V--* BURLINGTON is delightfully situated upon the tongue of land formed by the confluence of the Winooski, or Onion river, with Lake Champlain. It is the most important town in Vermont ; it is 40 miles WN W. from Mont- pelier, 300 N. from New York, and 513 from Washington. Population in 1840, 4,271. Here is a court-house, a jail, 2 banking houses, 6 churches, one university, an academy, and a female seminary. The buildings of the University of Vermont, 4 in number, are on high ground on the east side of the village. This institution was founded in 1791. It has a president and 7 professors, 277 alumni, 125 students, and 9,200 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Wednesday in August. The view from the cupola of the college embraces an extensive range. On the west lies the village the broad expanse of lake, with its islands and vessels ; and beyond, the Adirondack mountains, rising to the height of near 6,000 feet, give grandeur to the picture ; while on the east, are presented in full view the Green Mountains, with their two highest peaks, Camel's Rump and Mansfield Mountain. Steamboats stop here daily (in summer) from Whitehall, JV*. Y., and from St. John's, Canada. Stages leave daily for Mbany, also for Boston via Middlebury, Bellows' Falls, and Fitck~ burg, Mass., and to Montpelier ; from thence, three times a week to Port land, Me., via the White, Mountains. 22 STATE OF. VERMONT. _MONTPELIER, the capital of the state, is situated in a rugged and -;=: ->:: ^^03^^^^ picturesque region, at the junction of the 1 north and south branches of the Wi- I nooski river. It contains a state-house, | court-house, jail, an academy, 4 churches, I and about 1,800 inhabitants. The State I House is built of granite, 72 feet wide, I and 152 feet long ; it has a projecting I portico in the centre of six Grecian Doric I columns, 6 feet in diameter and. 36 feet 9. high. Stages leave daily for Burlington and Concord, JV. //., via Lebanon, be. ; and three times a week for the White Mountains ; also to Derby, St. rflbans, <$-c. MIDDLEBURY is situated at the falls and on both sides of Otter creek. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, 5 churches, 2 academies, several ex- tensive manufactories, and about 2,500 inhabitants. In the vicinity .is a quarry of excellent marble, which is extensively wrought. It is the seat of Middlebury College, founded in 1800, which has a president and 7 pro- fessors, has 771 alumni, 97 students, and 7,054 volumes in its libraries. The commencement H on the third Wednesday in August. Stages pass through Middlebury daily for Burlington, Albany, and Boston. VERGENNES is situated at the Lower falls on Otter creek, and contains 3 churches, a bank, and several manufactories. BENNINGTON is prettily situated on elevated ground, and contains a court-house, a church, 2 academies, a bank, and about 300 inhabitants. The Americans under General Stark defeated a large British force, August 16, 1777, on the west border of the town. BRATTLEBORO is situated on the right bank of the Connecticut river, and contains 4 churches, a bank, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Albany, Springfield, Worcester, Nashua ; and also to the White Mountains, passing through the principal towns along the Con- necticut river. NORWICH is on the right bank of the Connecticut river, and contains several churches, an academy, and about 500 inhabitants. It is the seat of Norwich -University. It has a president and 6 professors, and 40 students. The commencement is on the third Thursday in August. Jl line of stages pass through this place three times a week from Montpdier and Concord. ST. ALBANS is situated near the east shore of Lake Champlain ; it has a court-house, jail, a bank, 3 churches, and about 700 inhabitants. Stages from Burlington to the Canada line, pass through this place three times a week. > CASTLETON, 74 miles from Montpelier, contains 2 churches, an academy, and the Castleton Medical College, founded in 1818, with 7 professors, 104 students, 555 graduates. The lectures commence on the 4th Thursday in August. Woodstock has 5 churches, and the Vermont Medical College, founded in 1835, with 7 professors, 94 students, and 255 graduates. Windsor contains 3 churches, the Vermont state prison, and 1,000 inhabitants. Bellows Falls village has 2 churches and 500 in- habitants. Alburg Springs are on the point, of land projecting into Lake Cham- plain, at the north ; the waters are of considerable efficacy in scrofulous and other diseases. STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 23 VIEW FROM MT. HQLY.OKE; MASSACHUSETTS lies between 41 23'and425-r y N. lat., and between 69 50' and 73 30' W. Ion. It rs about 190 miles long, with an average breadth of 90 miles, and contains 7,500 square miles ; and in 1840, 737,699 inhabitants. I This state presents three distinct zones. The first, towards the ocean, is a marine alluvion, but little elevated above the sea; it is mostly sandy, and the least fertile and smallest in extent of the three sections. This plain is followed by a fine hilly tract, which crosses the state from north to south, elevated in some places 300 feet above the sea ; from these elevations the rivers flow in every direction. The second or middle zone includes part of the beautiful valley of Connecticut ; and is followed by the mountainous but highly fertile county of Berkshire, which comprises the whole western part of the state. Through Berkshire pass two moun- tain ranges, the Taghkannick, on the western border of the state ; and be- tween the Housatonic and Connecticut rivers, the Green Mountain range, here called Hoosick Mountains. Mount Holyoke, near Northampton, is near 1,200 feet above the level of the sea, and Wachusett Mountain, in Princeton, is an elevated peak from 2,000 to 3,000 feet high. Saddle Mountain in the Taghkannick range, in the northwest corner of the state, is 4,000 feet high ; and Mount Washington in the same range, in the southwest corner of the state, is about 3,000 feet high. The valleys of the Connecticut are fertile, as are also those of the Housa- tonic. The principal rivers are the Connecticut, a noble stream, winding for 50 miles across the state ; Housatonic, which rises in Berkshire county, and flows through the west part of the state : and Merrimac, which rises in New Hampshire, and has a course of 50 miles in the NE. part of the state, and enters the ocean below Newburyport. It is navigable for large vessels to Haverhill, 15 miles. Besides these there are Nashua, Concord, Taunton, and Blackstone rivers. Massachusetts has numerous good harbors. There are several impor- tant islands off the S. shore of this state, to which they belong. The largest is Nantucket, 15 miles long and 11 broad, and which constitutes a county of its own name. Martha's Vineyard, W. of Nantucket, is 20 miles long and from 2 to 10 broad, which with other small islands constitutes Duke's coun- ty. The shores of Massachusetts are diversified by some bold promontories and capacious bays. Of the latter, Massachusetts bay, between Cape Ann on the N. and Cape Cod on the S., is about 40 milos in breadth. Buzzard's bay is on the SW. side of Cape Cod, and is 20 miles long. Cape Ann, in the N. part of the state, is a rocky promontory, 15 miles in length. Cape Cod is a peninsula in the SE. part of the 24 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. state, extending 75 miles long, and from 2 to 20 broad, with a bend in the middle, nearly at right angles. The peninsula of JVahant, a ^. t _ -_-,.-,.. - _ few miles north of the harbor of Boston, is connected with the main land by Lynn beach, two miles long. It has become, on account . of its cool breezes and wild sea-views, a place I of fashionable resort during the summer months. | Steamboats ply daily in s.ummer from it to " Boston. There are in this state 3 colleges, and 2 theological seminaries, viz., Harvard University, at Cambridge, the oldest and best endowed in the country, founded in 1638, about 18 years after the first landing on the rock of Plymouth ; Williams College at Williamstown, founded in 1793 ; and Amherst College at Amherst, founded in 1821, which has had an unex- ampled growth. The theological seminary at Andover is under the direction of the Congregationalists. It was opened for students in the autumn of 1808. The Baptists have a flourishing theological institution at Newtown, founded in 1825. There are 260 academies or grammar schools, and 3,500 common schools in the state. The government of Massachusetts consists of a governor, lieutenant- governor, senate, and house of representatives. They are elected annually by the people. The governor must have resided 7 years in the state, and own a freehold worth 1,000, and declare his belief in the Christian religion. The lieutenant governor must possess the same qualifications. A council of nine persons, besides the lieutenant-governor, are elected annually by the joint-ballot of the legislature, and not more than two can be chosen in one congressional district. They rank next to the lieutenant- governor. The senate consists of 40 members, who must possess a free- hold of .300, and a personal estate of .600, and must have resided in the state for 5 years next preceding the election. The house of representa- tives contains 356 members, who must possess a freehold of 300 pounds in the town for which he is chosen, or ratable estate to the value of .200. The judges and various other officers, as attorney-general, &c., are ap- pointed by the governor and council. The judges hold their offices during good behavior. The secretary, treasurer, and receiver-general, are appointed annually by the joint-ballot of both houses of the legislature. Every male citizen over 21 years of age, (except paupers and persona under guardianship,) who has resided in the state one year, and in the town or district in which he claims to vote, six months next preceding the election, and shall have paid a tax in the commonwealth within two years, or shall have been exempted from taxation, enjoys the right of suffrage. The Plymouth colony was settled by the Puritans, December, 1620. In 1628 the settlements of Salem and Charleston were made, and in 1630 that of Boston. In 1692 these colonies were united under the name of Massachusetts. The American revolution began at Boston, and this state bore a prominent part in that great struggle. In convention, this state voted (February 6th, 1788) to adopt the federal constitution ; yeaa 187, nays 168. STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 25 Mai New England,! commercial city in the Union, is situated mostly on a peninsula, 3 miles long, and a little more than one mile broad, at the head of Massachusetts bay, and possesses one of the best harbors in the United States. It is ia 42- 21' 23" N. lat., and 71* 4' 9" W,lon. from Greenwich, and 5* 11' 15" E. from Washington. It is 105 miles from Portland, Me., 214 from New York, 302 from Philadelphia, 439 from Washington, 985 from Cincinnati, and 1,809 from New Orleans. The population in 1790, was J8.033, in 1800, 24,937; in 1810, 33,250; in 1820, 43,298; n> 1830,61,391 ; in 1840, 93,338; in 1845,114,366; The harbor extends from Nantasket to the city, and spreads from Nahant to Hingham, containing 75 square miles. It is defended by Forts Warren and Independence, the former of which is on Governor's Island, and the latter on Castle Island. The inner harbor has a depth of water sufficient for 500 vessels of the largest class to ride at anchor in safety, while the entrance is so narrow as scarcely to admit two ships abreast. Boston consists of three parts, viz., Boston on the peninsula, South Boston, formerly a part of Dorchester, and east Boston, formerly Noddle's island. The " Neck" or isthmus, which in early times formed the only connection of the peninsula with the main land, is over a mile in length, and still constitutes the main avenue to the city from the south ; but by a number of extension bridges and artificial avenues, it is connected in various directions with the surrounding country. The city exhibits a picturesque and beautiful appearance when ap proached from the sea ; and in surveying its several parts, the traveller finds much to admire. The peninsula had originally an uneven surface, and the place early received the name of Trrmountain, from its three hills, and their principal eminences on Beacon Hill. These eminences, though somewhat lowered, rontinue to adorn the city. Beacon Hill, on the W. part, is 110 feet above high-water mark; it was originally 30 feet higher. Fort Hill, on the E. side, fronting the harbor, is 80 feet high ; and Copp's Hill in the N. part, is 50 feet above high water On this hill the British had a battery in 1775, from which, during the memorable battle of Bunker Hill, they bombarded and burned Charlestown. South Boston constituted part of Dorchester until 1804, when, fay an act of the legislature, it was united to the city. It extends about two miles along the south side of the harbor. Nearly in the middle of this tract are Dorchester heights, or Mount Washington, 130 feet above the sea. On these heights, the Americans under Washington erected a fortification in 1775, which soon compelled the British to evacuate Boston. East Boston is built on Noddle's island. It is connected with the city by a steam ferry, and with Chelsea, on the main land, by a b.idge 600 feet 26 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. long. The eastern railroad commences here. A wharf 1,000 feet long, called 1 Cunard's wharf, has been granted free of charge for 20 years, for the use of the Liverpool line of steamships. East Boston has wholly grown up since 1833, and already constitutes an important part of the city. The Common occupies the declivity of Beacon Hill ; it has a pleasantly diversified surface, and covers a space of 75 acres. The State House oc- cupies its north part. Boston is generally well built, mostly of brick, and many of its private residences are elegant. Among the public buildings, the State House is the principal. It is situated on the summit of Beacon Hill, 110 feet above the level of the sea, and fronts on the spacious Com- mon. This edifice is 173 feet long, and 61 wide. The lower story has a large hall or public walk in the centre, 50 feet square and '20 feet high, supported by Doric columns. In the middle of the south side of this story, is a statue of Washington, by Chantry. The rooms above are the representatives' room, in the centre, 55 feet square ; the senate cham- ber, 55 feet long, and 33 feet wide, arid 30 feet high, with two screens of Ionic columns, supporting with their entablature a richly-decorated arched ceiling. In another part of the building is the council-chamber, 27 feet square. The dome is ascended by a spiral stairway on the inside ; and from its top is presented a view of the harbor, the bay, and the sur- rounding country. Faneuil Hall was erected in 1742, by a gentleman whose name it bears, and was by him presented to the city. It was enlarged in 1805, and is now 100 feet long and 80 wide, and three stories high. The lower story is occupied by stores. The great hall in the second story is 76 feet square and 28 high, with galleries on three I sides, supported by Doric columns, and the ceiling is supported by two ranges of Ionic i columns. The west end is ornamented by a full length portrait of Washington, by Stu- _J art; and another of Peter Funeuil, Esq., copied from an original picture. Above the great hall, is another in the third story, 78 feet long and 30 feet wide, devoted to military exercises. This venerable building has been appropriately called "the cradle of American liberty." It is the property of the city, and secured by its charter from ever being devoted to any but public purposes. There are 75 churches in the city. The old State House, at the head of State-street, was built in 1658 ; it has been twice destroyed by fire, and was the last time rebuilt in 1747. It was formerly occupied by the state legislature. An elegant Merchants' Exchange has been recently erected in State-street. It contains the post-office, a reading-room, &c. Quincy Market is a splendid edifice, 585 feet long and 50 feet wide ; it is directly east of Faneuil Hall. The wings are two stories high, and at the E. and W. ends are five porticoes, of four Grecian Doric columns. The new court- house, constructed of hewn duincy granite, is 176 feet long, 54 feet wide, and 57 feet high ; and the N. and S. fronts are adorned with Grecian Doric porticoes. The interior has four court-rooms, each 50 by 40 feet, besides various public offices. The Custom-house has an elegant Doric portico its whole length, and a fine dome in the centre. The houses of Industry, Correction, and Reformation, are pleasantly situated in South Boston, near the brow of Dorchester heights, and are surrounded by STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 27 ornamented grounds. The Tremont House is one of the finest hotels in the United States. There are two theatres in the city. The Medical Institution of Harvard University is located in Boston, where its professors reside. It was founded in 1782, has six professors, 157 students, and over 5,000 volumes in its library. The lectures com- mence on the first Wednesday of November, annually. The Institution for the Blind has been liberally patronized ; it has a splendid edifice on Mount Washington, South Boston. Boston has 106 literary and charitable societies. Among the literary societies of a high order, is the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, founded in 1780, which has published four quarto volumes of its transac- tions, and has a library of over 2,000 volumes. The Massachusetts His- torical Society was incorporated in 1794. Its collections have been published in 26 volumes octavo, in which are many valuable papers. Its library, consisting of books and manuscripts, amounts to over 6,000 articles, many of them rare and valuable, besides several paintings of distinguished individuals. The Boston Athenaeum was incorporated in 1837, and has a library of over 30,000 volumes, a collection of over 2,000 coins and medals, and a reading-room well furnished with American and foreign newspapers. The Boston Society of Natural History was instituted in ]830, and has a cabinet and museum. The Boston museum possesses a rare and valuable collection of curiosities. The Massachusetts hospital, in the western part of the city, is deserving of notice ; it has a beautiful edifice, built of granite, and surrounded by grounds highly ornamented with trees and shrubbery. There are 36 newspapers published here, of which 12 are daily ; of the remainder, a portion are semi-weekly and weekly, and others weekly. Besides newspapers, there are a number of magazines and reviews; the most distinguished of the latter is the North American Review. The city is supplied with water brought from Jamaica pond in Rox- bury, 4 miles from the city, by the Aqueduct Corporation, formed in 1795. Cars leave Boston twice daily, on each of the railroiMs for Port- land, (fare $3 ;) for Lowell, (fare 65 cts.,) three times, ana Concord, JV*. H., (fare $1.75,) twice daily; for Fitchburg three times daily, (fare $1.25;) for Jllbauy, JV. Y., twice daily, (fare $5 to $6.) Cars leave daily for New York on fire different routes, (fare $3 to $6.) (see page 66.) Cars leave twice daily for Providence, (fare $1.25 ;) for New Bedford (fare $1.50.) and Fall River, (fare $1.45;) and also for Plymouth, {fare $1 . ) See pages 65, 66, 67. CHARLESTOWN, one mile north of Boston, is situated on a peninsula, between Mystic and Charles rivers, and is connected by bridges with Boston, Cambridge, Chelsea, and Maiden. The streets, although not regular, are wide, and ornamented with trees. It has a square, around which a number of the public buildings are situated. It contains a state prison, the M'Lcan Insane Asylum, an almshouse, a town-house, 3 banks, a United States navy yard, a marine hospital, and 12 churches. The navy yard is situated on the north side of Charles river, embracing 60 acres of ground, enclosed by a wall, within which are erected the warehouse, arsenal, magazine, ropewalk, dwellings for the officers, &c., all of brick, and two immense edifices of wood, under which the largest vessels of war are constructed. Here is a dry-dock of hewn granite, 341 feet long, 80 wide, and 30 feet deep. The M'Lean Insane Asylum is pleasantly situated on elevated ground ; the buildings are large and commodious, and attached to the institution are 15 acres of land, handsomely laid out. 28 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. and tastefully ornamented. The state prison is NW. of the city, and consists of four large stone buildings, a chapel, &c., enclosed by a high wall. Bunker Hill, or more properly, Breed's Hill, is a little north of Charlestown. On the site of the battle, 62 feet above the level of the sea, the Bunker Hill Monument has been erected. The corner-stone was laid by La Fayette, on the 50th anniversary of the battle, June 17th, J825. This foundation having been found insufficient, the corner-stone of the present structure was laid in March, 1827. The monument was completed July 23d, 1842. i Its form is that of an obelisk, 30 feet square at the base, H and 16 feet 4| inches at the top. The height from the Jt base to the top, is 221 feet. It is substantially built of p hewnQuincy granite. The interior is circular, having a | diameter of 10 feet 7 inches at the bottom, and of 6 < feet 4 inches at the top, and is ascended by 294 steps. I At the top is an elliptical chamber, 17 feet high and 11 iSS feet in diameter, with 4 windows. A most beautiful view is obtained from this apartment, of Boston, its harbor, and the sur- rounding country. Omnibuses arrive from, and depart for Boston, every 15 minutes daily. CAMBRIDGE, 3 miles NW. from Boston, consists of three parts Old Cambridge, the seat of the University ; Cambridge Port, about halfway be- tween the university and the bridge leading to Boston ; and East Cam- bridge, formerly Lechmere's Point, opposite to th north part of Boston. It is one of the oldest towns in New England, incorporated in 1630, by the name of Newtowa, but eight years after took its present name. It contains a court-house, jail, state arsenal 3 banks, 16 churches, 2 acade- mies, and 9,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of (s Cambridge Uni- jjf versity, the old- |est and best I endowed insti- ll tution in the I Union ; founded -,,_ -^ - : in!638. Frorna donation "made to it by the Rev. John Harvard, it was called Harvard College. Its funds now amount to over halfa million of dollars. It has a president, 29 professors or other instructors, has had 5,942 alumni, has 280 students, and 68,500 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the fourth Wednesday in August. The buildings consist of University Hall, an elegant granite edifice 140 by 50 feet, and 42 feet high, containing a chapel, 6 lecture-rooms, dining halls, &c. ; Harvard Hall, a brick edifice 108 by 40 feet, containing the library, the philosophical apparatus, and mineralogical cabinet; and four other buildings, denominated Massa- chusetts, Hollis, Stoughton, and Holworthy Halls, with rooms for the accommodation of the students; Holden Chapel, containing the anatomi- cal museum, chemical laboratory, and lecture-rooms; and three other edifices for the students. The buildings occupy an enclosed pluin of 14 acres. It has a botanical garden of 8 acres, with a large collection of trees, plants, and shrubs, native and foreign. The Medical Institution has 6 professors. The lectures commence on the first Wednesday in JNo- STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 29 vember. It has a library of over 5,000 volumes. Mount Auburn Cemetery is in Cambridge, 5 miles from Boston. The grounds occupy about 70 acres, and are prettily > diversified with hill and valley, mostly cover- ' ed with a great variety of native trees, and J planted with ornamental shrubbery. There | are also several beautiful sheets of water. 1 It has been tastefully laid out with avenues \ and paths. Cambridge was a place of im- * portance in the early history of the country. * The first printing-press in America was established here, in 1639, by Stephen Day. It was long the literary centre round which the affections of the colonists clustered. Immediately after the battle of Lexington, at the commencement of the revolutionary war, 20,000 men collected here, and July 2d, 1775, Gen. Washington arrived and established his head quarters at this place. Omnibuses arrive from, and depart for Boston every half hour daily. ROXBURY, 2 miles south of Boston, is connected with the city by a neck of land. It contains 16 churches, 2 banks, many beautiful dwellings, and about 12,000 inhabitants. LEXINGTON is 11 miles NW. from Boston, and contains 2 churches and about 50 dwellings. This village is celebrated as the place where the fir^t blood was shed at the opening of the great drama of the revolution. The legislature of Massachusetts have caused a monument to be erected on the gpot where the first victims fell, to perpetuate the memo- \ ry of the slain, and of this is event. The engraving is view from the Concord road : | the monument is on an eleva j tion.onthe western side of the ( green; a school-house stood J there at the time the Britislif troops fired upon the Ameri-: cans, on the memorable 19th ot April, 1775. The church stands in the place of the old one, which was taken down in 1794, when the present one was erected. CONCORD lies 17 miles NW. of Boston. It contains a court-house, jail, a bank, 2 churches, and an academy. Population 1,784. The first blood of the revolution was shed here on the part of the British. They, after killing 8 Americans at Lexington, proceeded to this place, where they were resisted, and two British soldiers killed. A monument records the event. Cars arrive from, and depart for Boston, (fare 50 cts.~) 3 times daily, and also for Fitchburg. SALEM, the largest town in Essex county, is the oldest and largest sea- port but one in Massachusetts, situated 14 miles NNW. from Boston. It is, chiefly built on a point of land formed by two inlets from the sea, called North and South rivers, and contains 18 churches, 9 banks, and 16,000 inhabitants. The public square, containing ten acres, lies in the northern part of the town, and is almost perfectly level, enclosed and shaded by a large number of elms. An aqueduct supplies the city with soft spring water. On a peninsula below the town, are Fort Pickering and Fort Lee, and on an island there is a light-house. In 1692, the witchcraft delusion prevailed in Salem, and 19 persons were tried and executed. Cars arrive 30 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. from, and depart several times daily for Boston. Jl branch railroad ex- tends from Salem to Marblehcad, a distance of four miles. Stages leave for Gloucester daily. NEWBURYPORT is a port of entry, and one of the principal towns of Essex county. It is situated 38 miles nortlreast of Boston, on a gentle accli- vity, on the right bank of the AJerrirnac, at the union of that river with the ocean. It is considered in point of natural advantages, as well as in its improvements, one of the most beautiful towns in New England. The harbor is safe and spacious, but difficult of entrance. It contains a custom-house, 8 churches, an academy, 4 banks, an almshouse, a lyceum, and 7,500 inhabitants. Mr. Whitefield, the celebrated preacher, died and was buried here. A monument in one of the churches records, " that in his ministry of thirty-four years, he crossed the Atlantic thirteen times, and preached more than 18,000 sermons." Cars arrive from, and depart twice daily for Boston, and also for Portland, Me. Stages leave for Haverhill and Exeter. N. H., 3 times a week. LOWELL, city, and the semi-capital of Middlesex county, is situated 25 miles iNNW. from Boston. In the rapidity of ? its growth, and | the extent of its ? manufactures, stJinds un- jj rivalled in the United States. The town was incorporated in 18:26, and embraces four miles square; the population then was about 200, and its property valued at about $100,01)0. In 1834, Belvidere village was added to it, and in 1836, it was incorporated as a city. The water-power of this place is very extensive and easily available. A canal 60 feet wide and 8 feet deep, commencing at the head of Pawtucket Falls, supplies the factories with the water of Concord river. The entire fall is thirty feet. In the factories there are employed 6,430 females, and about 2,200 males. Besides the factories, there are print-works and bleacheries, and new manufactories are constantly being added. Lowell contains 3 banks, a city hall, court-house, market-house, 23 churches, a Mechanics' hall, an hospital belonging to the factories, several public schools, and 25,000 inhabitants. The Mechanics' Associa- tion is a flourishing literary society. Besides several newspapers published here, there is issued monthly a magazine called the " Offering," edited, and its contributions furnished, by female operatives in the factories, which holds a very respectable place among the magazines of the day. Cars arrive from, and depart four times daily for Boston, (fare 65 cts.,} and three times for Concord, JV". H. Stages leave three times a week for New- buryport, Worcester , and of so for Brattleboro, Vt. ANDOVER, 23 miles north from Boston, contains 2 banks, 5 churches, the Andover Theological Seminary, Philips' Academy, and about 3,000 inhabitants. The Theological Seminary was founded in 1807. It has 5 professors one of sacred literature, one of Christian theology, one of sacred rhetoric and ecclesiastical history, and one assistant professor 86 students, 965 graduates, and 17,500 volumes in its libraries. Commence- ment is on the 4th Wednesday of September. Funds to the amount of STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 31 $400,000 have been contributed by a few benevolent donors. Philips' Academy was founded in 1778, and has a fund of $50,000. The number of students in limited to 130, all of whom study the learned languages. Cars arrive from, and depart for Boston twice daily. PLYMOUTH lies 37 miles SE. from Boston, on Plymouth bay. It has the noble distinction of being the place where the "Pil- grim fathers" landed, after their j perilous voyage, | on the twenty- i second of Decem- > ber, 1620, and also of being the first town built iu New England, by civiJized man. Plymouth coo- tains a court-house, 6 churches, 2 banks, 2 academies, and about 5,500 inhabitants. The rock on which the Pilgrims landed has been con- veyed to the centre of the village. The anniversary of the landing is celebrated annually. In Pilgrim Hall is a large painting representing the landing from the Mayflower the chair of Governor Carver the sword- blade of Capt. Miles Standish, and other curiosities. Cars arrive from, and depart twice daily for Boston, (fare $1.) Stages leave three times a week for Barnstable, for Falmouth, for New Bedford, and for Taunton. NEW BEDFORD, a port of entry, and the semi-capital of Bristol coun- ty, is 56 miles south of Bos- ton. Population ^ 15,000. It is on g the west side of * an arm of the | sea which sets up from Buz- {_ zard's bay. The | ground rises rap- ' idly from the water, and presents a fine appearance when approached from the sea. A wooden bridge and causeway, three-fourths of a mile long, connects it with Fairhaven. It contains a jail, court-house, 4 banks, a savings institution, and 18 churches. The harbor is safe and com- modious, but not easy of access. The whale fishery is extensively carried on here. There is a Friends' academy exclusively devoted to the educa- tion of females. As early as the year 1764, we find the settlers of the village of Bedford sending out small craft in search of the greasy monsters, some of which reached as far south as the Falkland Islands. Twice has the whale fishery been interrupted by war with Britain, but vigorously and successfully renewed as often, and is now continually increasing. The vessels engaged in the fishery amount to 22{), all ships but four, having on board 6,000 seamen. Cars arrive from, and depart twice daily for Boston, (fare $1.50.) Steamboats leave daily for Nantucket; stages 3 times a week for Providence, for Newport, and also for Barnstable, via Sandwich. TAUNTON, semi-capital of Bristol county, 36 miles south of Boston, is pleasantly situated at the head of navigation on Taunton river. The village contains a court-house, a town house, 9 churches, 3 banks, 32 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. and 8,000 inhabitants. Iron works were established here in 1652. Cars arrive from, and depart twice daily for Boston, and for New Bedford, and also for Fall River. FALL RIVER, Bristol county, Massachusetts, is 53 miles south from Boston. Watuppa Pond, 2 miles east of the village, is 11 miles long and 1 broad, and constitutes by its outlet, Fall River. This river, which ia an unfailing stream, descends 140 feet in 80 rods, creaiing an immense water power. It enters Taunton river on the east side, at its entrance into Mount Hope buy, producing a fine harbor, navigable for the largest ships. It is safe and easy of access. The village contains 13 churches, 2 banks, several factories, and 7,000 inhabitants. A steamboat plies daily to Prov- idence, R. I. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Boston, (fare $1.45J WORCESTER, capital of the county of the same name, is 44 miles west by south from Boston. This village is one of the finest and largest of the inland towns of New England. It contains a court-house, 4 banks, 7 churches, and 7,500 inhabitants. The hall of the American Antiquarian Society has a cen- , tral building, 46 feet long and 36 feet wide, \ with a neat Doric portico ; and two wings, 28 t feet long and 21 feet wide. It has a library of 12,000 volumes, containing many rare and valuable works relating to American history, and interesting specimens of early printing, nearly half of them dona- tions from Isaiah Thomas, Esq., its first president, and author of the "' History of Printing." The Massachusetts Lunatic Asylum, is a com- modious building. Cars arrive from, and depart several times daily fitr Boston; also for Albany, via Springfield; New Haven, via Springfie.d and Hartford ; Allan's Point, via Norwich ; and Providence, via Woon- socket Falls. Slaves leave 3 times a week for Lowell ; for Nashua, N. //., via Fitchburg; for Keene, N. H. ; for Brattleboro, Vt. % and for Greenfield, Mass. SPRINGFIELD, capital of Hampden county, is on the left bank of the Con- necticut river, 26 miles north from Hartford, . 98 west from Boston. Popula- fl_ lion li. OOo. The main street ex- tends along the k. river between 2 and three miles. The houses are well built, and many of them elegant. The town contains a court-house, jail, 8 churches, two banks, and one of the most extensive United States arsenals of construction in the country. The armory is situ- ated on elevated ground, half a mile east of the village. The buildings are very extensive, of brick, and admirably arranged for the manufacture and storage of fire-arms. The establishment has 250 workmen, and com- pletes 45 muskets daily. The water-power here employed is owned by the United States. It operates upon 18 water-wheels. A steamboat plies from Springfield to Hartford daily. Cars arrive from, and depart for Boston, for New Hirev, for Albany, and for Northampton, twice datty. Stages leave for Norwich, Ct., 3 times a week. JVoRTHAMPTON, capital of Hampshire county, is 93 miles west from STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 33 Boston. Population 3,700. The village is on the right bank of Con- necticut river, and is regarded as one of the most pleasant for residence in New England. Round Hill, a considerable elevation in the west part of the village, is the seat of the celebrated Round Hill Seminary, on the plan of a German gymnasium. The village contains a court-house, a town-hall, Shanks, aad ti churches. The Female Seminary here, is pa- tronized from all parts of the United States. The scenery around is highly picturesque, including the beautiful valley of the Connecticut, and Mount Holyoke, 830 feet high, on the opposite side of the river, whose top affords one of the finest views in this part of the United States. Cars arrive from, and depart for Springfield, several times daily. Stages leave daily for the White Mountains, via Greenfield. Brattleboro, Ft. t Bellows' Falls, frc. ; and also fur Albany, JV. Y. AMHERST, 82 miles west from Boston, contains 3 churches, a bank, an academy, and 2,500 inhabitants. Amherst College was founded in 1821, and incorporated in 1825. It has a president, 11 professors or other instructors, 662 alumni, 142 students, and 15,000 volumes in its libraries. The philosophical apparatus is very complete, and it has a valuable cabinet of natural history, including mineralogy. Commence- ment on the fourth Thursday in July. Stages leave daily for Springfield, and 3 times a week for Northampton, and also for Worcester. GREENFIELD, 92 miles WNW. from Boston, is situated on the right bank of the Connecticut river, and contains a court-house, a town-house, a bank, 5 churches, the Greenfield Institute for males, the Greenfield High- school for young ladies, and about 150 dwellings. Stages leave daily for Northampton and also for Brattleboro* Vt., and 3 times a week for Fitchburg, and also for Albany, via Williamstown. WILLIAMSTOWN is 131 miles west by north from Boston. The village is on uneven ground, and contains a church, an academy, the buildings of Williams College, and about 50 dwellings. Williams College was founded in 1793. It has a president and 7 professors, 967 alumni, 144 students, and 7,500 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the third Wed- nesday in August. Stages pass through the village 3 times a week from Pittsfield, from Greenfield, and from Bennington, Vt. PITTSFIELD, 151 miles from Boston, 33 from Albany, is situated on the Housatonic river, which here affords an immense hydraulic power, giving motion to several mills and manufactories. The village contains five churches, a bank, and the Berkshire Medical Institution, founded in 1823, having 5 professors, 100 students, and 500 graduates; the lectures commence on the first Thursday in September. Cars pass through this place twice daily for Boston, via Springfield ; and for Albany, JV. Y. NANTUCKET is situated on an island of the same nnme, 30 miles from the main shore, and 109 SSE. from Boston. It has a good harbor, nearly land-locked by two projecting beaches. About 150 vessels belong to this port, and are nearly all engaged in the whale fishery. The village is com- pactly built, and contains a court-house, 9 churches, 3 banks, an atheneum, with a neat edifice, and a library of over 2,000 volumes, a museum, and the Coffin School. This school was endowed by its founder, Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin, of the British navy, with a building and .2*500 sterling for its support. A steamboat pl>'es daily to JVetc Bedford via Holmes' Hole, Src. Hopkinton Mineral Spring is 77 miles from Boston, and 3 miles from the depot at Westborough ; the waters contain carbonic acid, and carbonate of Jime. and iron. There is a large and commodious hotel, near Whitehall Pond at this place. 34 STATE OF RHODE ISLAND. RHODE ISLAND is the smallest state in the Union. ^ being about 49 miles long and 29 broad, containing 1,360 ^square miles, of which Narragansett bay includes 130; md the whole state contains but 870,400 acres. Popu- lation in 1840, 108,830. This state on the north and west is hilly and broken, >ut becomes gradually level towards the sea. The 'islands in Narragansett bay are distinguished by their pleasing and diversified scenery and fertile soil. The climate is healthy, particularly on the islands, where the sea-breezes have the effect not only of mitigating the heat in summer, but moderating the cold in winter, and rendering the climate truly delightful. The rivers, though not large, furnish many fine mill-seats, which are extensively used for manufacturing purposes. The principal are Pawtucket, Providence. Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, and Wood rivers. Narragansett bay is a fine body of water, and contains a number of beautiful and fertile islands. Among them is Rhode Island, which gives name to the state. The government consists of a governor, a senate, and house of repre- sentatives. The governor and lieutenant-governor are appointed annually by the people. The senate consists of the lieutenant governor and one member from each town or city in the state. The house of representa- tives consists of 69 members, and cannot exceed 72. The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, and such inferior courts as the General As- sembly shall from time to time establish. Every person who is a citizen of the United States, of the age of 21 years, who has resided in the state one year, and in the county six months in which he offers his vote, is a legal voter, under the following regulations: 1st, all citizens native or naturalized, without regard to color, who are possessed of a freehold of $134, or renting for $7 per annum ; 2d, all native citizens, without regard to color, who either p;iy a property tax of one dollar or n voluntary registry tax of one dollar. A residence at any garrison or naval station in the state does not give a legal residence. Brown University was founded at Warwick in 1764, but removed to Providence in 1770. It, is under the direction of the Baptists. There are in the state 55 academies or grammar schools, and 500 common schools. Rhode Island was first, settled by Roger Williams in 1636. It was the last of the old thirteen states that adopted the constitution of the United Slates, which it did May 20th, 1790, by a majority of two votes. WOONSOCKET FALLS, 15 miles NNW. from Providence, is situated at the falls of Blackstone river. The village is partly in Smithfield. On the Cumberland side it contains 6 churches and 2 banks. It has a great number of factories, and about 4,000 inhabitants. The Blackstone eanni passes through the village. Cars pass through it daily from Provi- dence and Worcester. Stages leave for Boston 3 times a week STATE OF RHODE ISLAND. 35 BRISTOL lies 18 miles S. by E. from Providence, on a branch of Narragan- cett bay. It contains a court-house, market-house, 2 banks, 5 churches, and about 3,000 inhabitants. Mount Hope lies about 2 miles northeast from the court-house. This was in early times the favorite residence of King Philip, the celebrated Pequod chief, so formidable an enemy of the colonists. From its summit a beautiful view is obtained of the bay and the surrounding country. Steamboats ply daily to and from Providence. PROVIDKNCE, city, and one of the capitals of the state, is situated at the head of Narragansett bay, on the Seekonk or Providence river, 35 miles from the ocean, and is in 41 49' 22" N. lat., and 71 24' 48" W. Ion. It is 42 miles SSW. from Boston, 173 east from New York, and 396 from Washington. Population 32,000. The compact part of the city lies on both sides of the river, and is connected by two bridges, one of which is 90 feet wide. The principal wholesale business is done on the east side. The Blackstone canal terminates here. Among the public buildings are, the State House, City Hall, Ar- cade, 21 banks, the state prison, = hospital, a thea- 1 tre, the custom- house, atheneun. ! 33 churches, the| halls of Brown = University, a high school, and several public schools. The buildings of Brown University occupy a commanding situation on Prospect-street, at the head of College-street, on the east side of the river. It has a president and 8 professors, 1,690 alumni, 140 stude^s, and 25,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Wednesday in September. It has an extensive philosophical and chemical apparatus ; and the cabinets of mineralogy and natural history are very complete. The Friends' Boarding School, three-quarters of a mile northeast from the University, is a flourishing institution, with 10 instructors and 200 pupils. The Atheneum, founded in 1836, has a handsome granite building and 12,000 volumes in its library. The town was settled in 1636 by Roger Williams, who fled from Massachusetts on account of his religious opinions, and who adopted the principles of universal toleration. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for New York, (fare 2 to $3,) and for Newport, and also for Fall River, Mass. Cars leave daily fur Boston, (fare $1.25,) and for Stonington, and also for Worcester, via Woonsocket Falls. Stages ar- rive from, and depart daily for Newport, and also for New Btdford* via, Fall river ; and 3 times a week for Hartford. NEWPORT, the capital of Newport county, and one of the capitals of the state, is situated on the SW. side of Rhode Island, 71 miles SW. from Boston. The harbor, enclosed by Brenton's Point on the SW. and Goat Island in front, is safe, and has a depth of water sufficient for the Jargest ships. The harbor is defended by forts Adams and Green. The town is beautifully situated, being built on a gentle acclivity, which rises gracefully from the water. Its healthful climate, pleasing scenery, and the cooling sea-breezes, have rendered it a favorite summer resort. It contains a state-house, market-house, theatre, almshouse, a library con- taining over 4,000 volumes, many of them rare old folios, 3 academies, 7 baa&s, 13 churches, and 9,000 inhabitants. Newport is unrivalled in its 36 STATE OF CONNECTICUT. fish market, having nearly 60 different kinds of scale and shell fish, and in grent abundance. Steamboats arrive, from, and depart daily for JWzo York, and also for Providence, and '3 times a week for New Bedford. PAWTUCKET, four miles north of Providence, is situated on both sides of Puwtucket river. It is a large and v flourishing manufacturing village, and contains 9 churches, 3 banks, 12 cotton factories, and about 6,000 inhabitants. CONNECTICUT, the southernmost of the eastern states, lies between 41 and 42 2' N. lat., and 71 20* and 73 15' W. Ion. It contains 4,674 square miles, } or 2,291,360 acres. Pop. in 1840, 300,015. Though generally hilly and broken, no part of the f" surface rises to a great elevation above the sea. The 'greatest elevation is a range of mountains commencing " at a bluff called East Rock, near New Haven, and continuing northward through the state. The hills are generally of mod- erate size, and occur in quick succession, in ranges trending northward, presenting to the travelle? an ever varying prospect. The soil is generally fertile, but better adapted to grazing than tillage. The three principal rivers are the Connecticut, navigable for vessels drawing eight feet of water, 50 miles to Hartford, crossing the state nearly in the middle, and entering the Sound between Saybrook and Lyme ; the Housatqnic, navigable for small vessels 12 miles to Derby, and entering the Sound between Milford and Stratford; the Thames, navigable 14 miles to Norwich, and entering the Atlantic at New London. Farmington and Naugatuck are considerable streams, furnishing extensive water- power. The principal seaports are New London, New Haven, and Bridgeport. Long Island Sound extends the whole length of the state. This state has 3 colleges : Yale College, at New Haven, one of the oldest, and also the most flourishing institution of the kind in the United States ; Washington College, at Hartford ; and the Wesleyan University, at Middletown. There are in the state 130 academies, and 1,700 common and primary schools. Connecticut has a larger school fund than any of the other states, amounting to about $2,000,000. The government is vested in a governor, lieutenant-governor, who is president of the senate, and a senate and house of representatives. The senate consists of not less than 18, nor more than 24 members. Most of the towns choose two representatives ; some, of Jess population, but one. The sessions of the legislature are held annually, alternately at Hartford and New Haven. The Supreme Court consists of five judges, appointed by the legislature, who hold their offices during good behavior, or until they are 70 years of age. 8TATE OF CONNECTICUT. 37 The colony of Connecticut was settled in 1633, at Windsor, by emi- grants from Massachusetts, who penetrated through the wilderness. Hart- ford was settled by the English in 1635, the Dutch having previously built a fort there. The colony at New Haven was settled by the English in 1638. By a charter granted by Charles II., in 1665, these colonies were united. During the tyranny of Andros, an attempt was made to procure a surrender of the charter. The subject was publicly debated in the evening, at Hartford, when suddenly the candles were extinguished, and the charter was hid in the hollow of an oak tree, which has become famous since as the Charter Oak. This charter continued to be the basis of the government until the year 1818. The constitution of the United States was adopted in a convention, January 9, 1788 ; yeas 128, nays 40. NEW HAVEN, the capital of New Haven county, and semi-capital of the state, is beautifully situated round the head of a bay which sets up four miles from Long Island Sound. Population in 1840, ] 2,960. It lies on a plain with a gentle inclination towards the water, skirted in other directions by an amphitheatre of hills, two of which present at their termination bold bluffs which rise almost perpendicularly to the height of 370 feet. From these elevations a fine view of the surrounding country may be had, including in its range the Sound, which is here 20 miles wide. The city extends about three miles from east to west, and two miles from north to south, and is laid out with regularity. The public square, shaded with elms, is one of the finest in the country. The State House, a large and well-constructed building of the Grecian Doric order, is on the western portion of the square, and on the west side, facing the east, is the fine range of buildings belonging to Yale College. The houses of the city are generally built of wood, neatly painted white, and surrounded by gardens ornamented with shrubbery and fruit trees. As a place for a quiet and elegant residence, it is unsurpassed. The city con- tains 20 churches, a custom-house, an almshouse, a museum, 3 banks, and a savings insti- tution. But the most important public institution is Yale College. \ It was founded at Killingworfh, jj in 1701, and per- j manently estab- j lished at New ______- , Haven in 1717. There are four college halls, J 04 feet long by 40 feet wide, and four stories high. There is also another hall for theological students, and three other buildings, denominated the chapel, the lyceum, and the atheneum. In the rear of the main buildings is another range, consisting of a chemical laboratory, the Commons' hall, which has in its second story the most complete mineralogical cabinet in the United States, and a building containing a fine collection of paintings by Col. Trumbull and others. A short distance from these are the buildings de- votod to the law and medical departments. Yale College has a greater number of students than any other college in the United States. It has a president and 31 professors, 394 students, 5,463 alumni, and 34,500 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the third Thursday in August, The Medical Institute of Yale College, founded in 1810, has 6 professor*. 34 students, and 810 graduates. Lectures commence six weeks after the 38 STATE OF CONNECTICUT. Jiird Thursday in August. There are in this city 11 select schools for males, 10 seminaries for females, 2 Lancasterian schools, besides many others. New Haven was settled in 1638. In July, 1779, the British under Gen. Tryon had possession of the town for a few days, and committed many outrages. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for New York. Cars leave daily for Boston via Hartford and Springfield. Stages leave daily for New York, via Bridgeport ; 3 times a week for New London ; for Middletown ; for Farmington ; and for Litchfield. HARTFORD, capital of Hartford county, and semi-capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of Connecticut river, at the head of sloop navigation, 50 miles from its mouth. Population in 1840, 9,468. Among the public buildings, the State House, standing on a public square fronting Main-street, is conspicuous. It is of the Doric order of architecture, 114 feet long, and, with the porticoes, 76 feet wide. The legislature meets here on each alternate year. The City Hall, fronting on Market-street, is a large and commodious building. Washington College occupies an elevated position, in the southwest part of the city. Its main building is 148 feet long, 43 wide, and 4 stories high. This institution, founded in 1824, has a president and 7 professors or other instructors, 257 alumni, 80 students, and 6,500 volumes in its libraries. The com- mencement is on the first Thursday in August. It is under the direction of the Episcopalians. The American Asylum for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, was the first institution of the kind established in the United States. Its principal building is 130 feet long, 50 feet wide, and 4 stories high. Attached to it are eight or ten acres of land. The Re- treat for the Insane is located 1 miles southwesterly from the 'State House: the situation is elevated, and overlooks a wide extent of in- teresting scenery. The grounds around the buildings are handsomely laid out in walks ornamented with shrubbery and extensive gardens. The main bnilding is 254 feet square and 3 stories high, with wings 2 stories high, each 70 feet long and 30 feet wide. The Atheneum is an ele- gant edifice of the Gothic order, on Main-street. The " Charter Oak," which is still vigorous, deserves mention as an object of interest. Hart- ford contains 13 churches, 5 banks, 2 markets, and an arsenal. The first settlement here was made by the Dutch from New York, in 1633. Steam- boats arrive from, and depart daily for New York. Cars leave daily for Albany via Springfield, Mass., for Boston* and for New Haven. Stages leave daily for Litchfield, and also for Poughkeepsie, N. Y., via Canaan ; 3 times a week for Providence, R. I. ; for Norwich, New Lon- don, and also New Haven, via Middletown. NEW LONDON, city, and port of entry, and semi-capital of New London county, is 54 miles east from New Haven and 120 from New York. It is on the right bank of Thames river, 3 miles from hs mouth, and is built on a declivity which descends to the south and east. Back of the city the ground rises to a considerable height, from the elevated parts of which a fine view is obtained of the surrounding country. It contains a court- house, a custom-house, 3 banks, an almshouse, 2 markets, 9 churches, and 7,000 inhabitants. The harbor is the best in the state, easy of access, spacious, and safe, having a depth of water for the largest ships of war. There are belonging to this place 50 ships and several smaller vessels engaged in the whale fishery. In September, 1781, a large portion of the city was burned by the British under Arnold. Fort Griswold, in Groton, was captured, and a large part of the garrison massacred. A granite obelisk, 125 feet high, erected near the spot, commemorates the event ; and on a tablet are STATE OF CONNECTICUT. 39 inscribed the names of those who fell. Steamboats leave daily for New York. Steamboats in connection with cars leave daily for Boston via Norwich and Worcester, Mass. Stages leave 3 times a week for Ston- ington ; for Providence, R. L ; for Hartford ; and also for New Haven. NORWICH, serai-capital of New London county, is situated at the junction of the Yantic and Shetucket rivers with the Thames. The city is built on a steep acclivity, the houses on each street, as you ascend, overlooking those on the streets below. It is at the head of navigation on the Thames river, and has a court-house, town-house, 4 banks, 8 churches, 3 academies, and about 5,000 inhabitants. The falls of the Yantic are singularly wild and picturesque. From a high projecting rock which overhangs the foot of those falls, the Mohegan warriors plunged to destruction, when pursued by the Narragunsetts. The town formerly be- longed to the Mohegan Indians, the burial place of whose kings is still to be seen here. Cars arrive from, and depart for Boston daily, and steam- boats leave daily for New York. Stages leave 3 times a week for Hart- ford, and for Springfield, Mass. STONINGTON, 71 miles from New Haven, is situated on a rocky point of land, which projects about half a mile into the Sound. It has a good harbor, and contains 2 churches, 2 academies, a bank, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for New York. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Boston via Providence. Stages leave 3 times a week for New London, New Haven, <$-c. Stafford Springs are situated on a small branch of Willimantic river, 24 miles northeast from Hartford. They have been pronounced by chemists to be the most efficacious chalybeate springs in the United States. There are two distinct springs, one of which contains " a solution of iron, sustained by carbonic acid gas, a portion of marine salt, some earthy substances, and what has been called natron, or a native alkali.'" The other contains " a large portion of hydrogen gas, of sulphur, and a small proportion of iron." Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Hartford during the watering season. MIDDLETOWN is on the right bank of Connecticut river, and at the head of ship navigation. There are in the city, a court-house, a custom- house, 3 banks, 8 churches, the Wesleyan University, 3 academies, and about 4,000 inhabitants. The Wesleyan University, under the direction of the Methodists, was founded in 1831. It has a president and 8 professors, 221 alumni, 105 students, and 1,100 volumes in its libraries. The com- mencement is on the first Wednesday in August. It has a valuable philosophical apparatus, and mineralogical cabinet. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Hartford and New York. Stages leave three times a week for Hartford, for New Haven, and for Say brook. BRIDGEPORT, Fairfield county, situated on the west side of an arm of Long Island Sound, is 17 miles WSW. from New Haven, and 62 NE. from New York, and contains 5 churches, 2 banks, several extensive manufactories, and about 4.000 inhabitants. Steamboats ply daily to and from New York. Cars leave daily for Mbany via New Milford, Canaan, Great Barrington, Mass.. &c., frc. LiTCHfiELD, 33 miles west from Hartford, is pleasantly situated on the summit of a hill, and contains a court-house, 2 churches, an academy, a bank, and about 800 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Hartford; 3 times a week for New Haven ; for Cornwall ; and for New Milford. 40 STA.TE OF NEW YORK. NEW YORK is situated between 40 30 and 45 1 00' N. lat., and between 71 56' and 79 56' W. Jon.. T and contains an area of 46,000 square miles. Eopula- S lion 1840, 2,428,921 ; 1845, 2,584,365. Physical features. This state is divided into three unequal parts, by two great valleys, viz. : First, the valley of the Hudson, including the depression in which Lake Champlain is situated or more properly the val- ^s of the Hudson and of Champlain united : Second, jf the valleys of the Mohawk and Oneida lake and Os- - wego river united. The eastern division is a long narrow belt extending from New York Island to the nead ot .Lake Uhamplain. Its eastern limits are the borders of Con- necticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont, with a slope westward to the Hudson, traversed longitudinally by several narrow valleys. This division comprehends the western slope of the Taghkanic Mountains, which form the water-shed that separates the waters flowing into the Hudson from those which flow into Long Island Sound. The north division of the state is traversed by the Clinton range. There are several subordinate ranges connected with this group. It begins at Little Falls, in the valley of the Mohawk, and pursues a northeast course across the country to Trembleau Point, on the west shore of Lake Champlain. There are numerous lofty peaks, which form a remarkable group, and have been styled the Adirondack Mountains. Mount Marcy, the highest of the range, attains to an elevation 5,467 feet above the sea. This ridge pre- sents the water-shed of the region, dividing the waters of the Hudson, or those winch flow south into the Atlantic, from those which flow into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The south division is situated between Luke Ontario and the Mohawk and the Hudson valleys, and Pennsylvania. It rises with a gradual ascent until it reaches its maximum height near the southern boundary of the state. The southeastern part of this division is comprised in three ranges, viz. : the Highlands, broken through by the Hudson; the Shawangunk ; and the Catskill. The principal rivers are the Hudson, 324 miles long, navigable 156 miles to Troy : the Mohawk, 135 miles long, which enters the Hudson a little above Troy ; the Genesee, 125 miles long, which enters Lake On- tario, having at Rochester, 5 miles from its mouth, two falls of 96 and 75 feet ; Black river, which rises near the sources of the Hudson, and flows 120 miles into Lake Ontario ; the Saranac, 65 miles long, entering Lake Champlain at Plattsburg ; the Oswegatchie, 100 miles, flowing into the St. Lawrence ; the Oswego, proceeding 40 miles from Oneida Lake into Lake Ontario ; the Au Sable, rising in the Adirondack Mountains, and having a course of 75 miles to Lake Champlain. The majestic St STATE OF NEW YORK. 41 Lawrence forms a part of the northern boundary of the state. The head branches of the Susquehanna, the Alleghany, and the Delaware, rise in this state. Besides lakes Ontario and Erie on the N.. andChamplain on the E., which are but partly within it, there are wholly within the state many picturesque sheets of water viz., Lakes George, Oneida, Skaneateles, Owasco, Cayuga. Seneca, Crooked lake, Canandaigua, and Chautauque. The islands belonging to New York are Long Island, 120 miles long from W. to E., with an average width of about 15 miles, within whose waters on the east are Fisher's, Shelter, Robin's, and some other islands ; Staten Island, southwest of the harbor of New York, 18 miles long and 8 wide; Manhattan Island, on which the city of New York stands, 13$ miles long and about H wide at an average breadth ; Grand Island, in Niagara river, 12 miles long and from 2 to 7 wide, and extending to within a short distance of the falls. The harbor of New York is one of the finest in the United States. On the bar at Sandy Hook, it has a depth of from 21 to 27 feet Sag Harbor, on the E., and Brooklyn on the W. end of Long Island, have good harbors. Sacketts Harbor has a good natural, and Oswego a good artificial harbor, on Lake Ontario. Buffalo and Dunkirk are harbors on Lake Erie. This state has a number of highly respectable literary institutions: Columbia College, (formerly King's,) founded in New York in 1754; Union College, at Schenectady, founded in 1795 ; Hamilton College, iu Clinton, founded in 1812; Geneva College, in Geneva, founded in 1823; the University of the City of New York, founded in 1831 ; St. John's Col- lege, at Fordham, founded in 1841 ; the Hamilton Literary and Theologi- cal Seminary, founded in 1819 ; the Theological Institute of the Episco- pal Church, founded in 1819, in the city of New York; the Union Theological Seminary, connected with the University, founded in 1826 ; the Theological Seminary, at Auburn, founded in 1821 ; the Hartwick Seminary, founded at Hartwick, in Otsego county, in 1816; the Theologi- cal Seminary of the Associate Reformed Church, founded at Newburg, in 1836 ; the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in the city of New York, founded in 1807 ; the Albany Medical College, founded in 1839. There are in the state 550 academies, and 12,000 common and primary schools. The governor is elected biennially. He must be 30 years of age, be a native-born citizen of the United States, and have resided five years in the state. The lieutenant-governor is elected in like manner, and must possess similar qualifications. He is president of the senate ; and in case of the disqualification, absence, or death of the governor, discharges the duties of that office. The senate consists of 32 members, who are chosen for 2 years, one-half of whom are elected annually. The as- sembly consists of 128 members, elected annually. The secretary of state, comptroller, treasurer, and attorney- general, are elected biennially; as are the engineer and surveyor. The judges hold their offices during a term of eight years, and are elected by the people. Every male white citizen 21 years of nge, who has resided one year in the state, and for four months preceding the election in the county where he offers his vote, enjoys the right of suffrage. Persons of color, who have resided three years in the state, and who possess a freehold of $250, and have held it one year previous to the election, and paid a tax upon it, are allowed the right of suffrage. In 1G09, Hendrick Hudson, an English navigator, serving the Dutch East India Company, discovered Hudson river, and in 1614 some Dutch 42 STATE OF NEW YORK. merchants built a fort where the city of New York now stands. The state passed into the possession of the English in 1664, who governed it down to the revolution, with the exception of a single year. On the 26th of July, 1788, this state in convention adopted the constitution of the United States ; yeas 30, nays 25. NEW YORK, the metropolis of North America, and the second com mercial city on the globe, is situated on Manhattan Island, at the con- fluence of the Hudson with the East river or strait of Long Island Sound, in lat. 40 42' 40", Ion. 74 00' 41" W. from Greenwich. Its harbor is safe, spacious, easy of access, and capable of accommodating the united navies of the world. The harbor occupies a wide circuit of twenty-five miles, everywhere bounded with variegated scenery, villages, and country seats, and embosoms several beautiful islands. New York has communication, by steam and sailing pockets, to all the principal sea- ports of America, Europe, Africa, Asia, East and West Indies, and the Islands of the Pacific. Its progress in population, commerce, and wealth, has no parallel. Population in 1790 was 33,131 ; in 1800, 00,489 ; in 1810, 96,373; in 1820, 123,706; in 1830, 202,589; in 1840, 312,710; in 1845, 371,223. The streets were originally laid out according to the surface of the ground, and some of them were crooked ; but in later times they have been widened and improved. No city can exhibit a more beautiful plan than the northern portion of New York. Principal Inisiness streets : Broad- way extends from the Battery nearly three miles to Union Square. It is 80 feet wide, and occupies the height between the two rivers. It is well built, with many fine houses and stores. Being the great promenade of the city, it is much resorted to in pleasant weather by the gay and fashionable. Pearl-street, between Broadway and the East river, is in a crescent form, over a mile long, and is the principal seat of the whole- sale drygoods and hardware business, which has also extended into Cedar. Pine, and other adjacent streets. Water and Front streets, between Pearl-street and the East river, are occupied chiefly by wholesale grocers, commission merchants, and mechanics connected with the shipping business. South-street, extending along the margin of East river, con- tains the warehouses and offices of the principal shipping merchants. In front of it is, at all times, a dense forest of masts. Wall-street extends from Broadway to the East river, and is occupied by banks, insu- rance offices, newspaper and brokers' offices, the Custom-house, Mer- chants' Exchange, and many fine. granite buildings, and is the centre of the heaviest money transactions m America. The Bowery is a wide and extensive street east of Broadway, running north and south, connected \yith the third avenue, which is, macadamized to Harlem, and forms the principal entrance to the city from the northeast. PUBLIC SQUARES, '&&.- T/ie Battery, at the southeastern end of the STATE OF NEW YORK. 43 island, is situated at the junction of the Hudson and East rivers. It is in the form of a crescent, and contains about 11 acres of ground, tastefully laid out, and from it is obtained a fine view of the bay, with its islands, and the adjacent shores. Castle Garden is built on a mole, and con- nected with the Battery by a bridge. It was originally erected as a fortification, and having become unnecessary for that purpose, was ceded by the United States to the corporation of the city, in 1823. It has been covered by a roof converting it into an immense room, which is used for exhibitions, &c. The Bowling Green, at the southern termination of Broadway, is an elliptical area, 220 feet long and 140 broad, containing a fountain supplied by the Croton water-works, and is enclosed by an iron railing. It was established before the revolution, and formerly con- tained a leaden statue George III,, which was converted into bullets at J that period. The Park, \ called in early times the Commons, is a triangular 1 area of lOf acres, lying j between Broadway, Chat-f ham, and Chambers streets. I It contains the City Hall, the city buildings, or old I Almshouse, the Hall of< Records, and Rotunda for ^ the exhibition of paintings. It has also, towards its south part, a public fountain, within a basin 100 feet in diameter, the water of which ascends in a single stream to the height of 70 feet. St. John's Park in Hudson- street, containing about four acres of ground, is beautifully laid out with walks, shaded with trees, and embellished with a fountain. Washington Square, a mile and a half north of the City Hall, between Fourth- street n nd Waverley Place, contains about ten acres of ground. Two-thirds of this area was the Potter's Field until 1827. It is tastefully laid out with walks and shaded with trees. Union Square^ at the northern termination of Broadway, is in an elliptical form, enclosed with a fine iron fence, having a public fountain in the centre, with ornamental jets. Tompkins Square, in the northeast part of the city, is a large and ornamented ground. Grammercy Park, between the Third and Fourth avenues, is small, but very tastefully laid out, and ornamented with trees, shrubbery, &c. Madison, Bloomingdal,e, and Hamilton squares are very extensive grounds, but not yet regulated. The city of New York has many superb public buildings. The most splendid of these is the Merchants' Exchange, which covers the whole space between Wall, William, Exchange, and Hanover streets. It is built in the most substantial form, of duincy granite, and is 200 feet long by 171 to 144 feet wide, 77 feet high to the top of the cor- nice, and 124 to the top of the dome. The front on Wall street has a recessed portico of eighteen massive Grecian-Ionic columns, 38 feet high and 4 feet four inches in diameter. Besides numerous other rooms for various purposes, the Exchange in the centre is in a circular form, 80 feet in diameter, with four recesses, making the length and breadth each 100 feet, the whole 80 feet high, surmounted with a dome resting in part on eight Corinthian columns of Italian marble, 41 feet high, and lighted by a skylight 25 feet in diameter. The Custom-house is a fine building, 44 STATE OF NEW YORK. constructed in the Doric order of Grecian architecture. It is built in the must substantial manner, of white marble, after the model of the Parthenon at Athens, and occupies the site of the old Federal Hall, in the open gallery of which, WASHINGTON was inaugurated. The building is 200 feet long, 90 feet wide, and 80 feet high. At the south end on Wall- street is a portico of eight columns, 5 feet eight inches in diameter and 32 feet high ; and on the north end on Pine-street is a corresponding portico. The great business hall is a circular room, 60 feet in diameter, with recesses and galleries, making it 80 feet in diameter, surmounted by a dome, supported by 16 Corinthian columns 30 feet high. The City Hall is beautifully situated in the Park; it is 216 feet long and 105 wide. The front is ornamented with columns and pilasters of the Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite orders, rising above each other in regular gradations. There are 28 offices and other public rooms, the most conspicuous of which are the Governor's-room, and the Chambers of the Common Council and Assistant Aldermen. The Governor's-room is appropriated to the governor of the state when he visits the city, and has been used as a reception room for other distinguished persons. It is 52 by 20 feet. The walls are hung with a fine collection of portraits, including the governors of the state, the mayors of the city, since the revolution, some of the Dutch governors, and the principal military and naval heroes. The Common Council Room is 42 by 30 feet, and the president occupies the game chair in which General Washington sat when he presided over the first American Congress, which assembled in New York. The room con- tains several fine full-length portraits painted by Trumbull, of which that of Washington is thought the best in existence. The Superior Court Room is very neat and conveniently fitted up for its purpose. To the east of the City-hall is the Hall of Records ; it has a lofty portico of four Ionic pillars on each front; and in the rear of it, are the City Buildings, containing the United States Court rooms and several public offices. The Hall of Justice occupies the whole space between Centre, Elm, Leonard, and Franklin streets, and is an elegant building of the Egyptian order of architecture. There are 215 churches in the city ; many of them have been recently built, and are expensive, elegant, and commodious buildings. New York contains several literary institutions. The oldest is Columbia College, chartered by George II. in 1754, by the name of King's College, and confirmed, with alterations, by the legislature of New York, in 1784. It has a president, and 10 professors, 1,170 alumni, 124 students, and 14,000 volumes in its libraries. The building is situated on a beautiful square at the head of Park Place, and contains a chapel, lecture-room, halls, museum, and an extensive philosophical and chemical apparatus. The funds amount to about $200,000. The commencement is on the Tues- day preceding the last Wednesday in September. There is a flourishing grammar school attached to the institution. The University of the city of Nevv York, in University Place, has a fine edifice of white marble, in the Gothic style of architecture. This institution, founded in 1831, has a chancellor and 12 professors, (besides 6 professors in its medical de- partment,) and in all its departments 737 students viz., undergraduates, 145; medical, 343; grammar school, 249. It has a valuable library and philosophical apparatus. The General Theological Seminary of the Prot. Epis. Church in theU. S., corner of Ninth avenue and 21st-street, founded in 18J9, contains two handsome buildings, and has 6 professors, 74 students, and 9,350 volumes in its library. The Union Theological Seminary. STATE OF NEW YORK. 45 (Presbyterian,) organized in 1836, has 6 professors, 104 students, and 16,000 volumes in its library The Rutger's Female Institute, in Madison- street, has a valuable library and philosophical apparatus. The Me- chanics' Society School, in Crosby-street, has a number of teachers and 500 pupils. The College of Physicians and Surgeons, founded in 1807, has a handsome edifice in Crosby-street ; it has 6 professors, about 220 students, a library of 2,000 volumes, and a superior museum of anatomical preparations. The lectures commence on the first Monday in November, and continue four months. The New York Hospital, handsomely situ- ated in Broadway, has extensive buildings. The Eye Infirmary has four surgeons attached to it. The New York Lunatic Asylum, con- nected with the New York Hospital, located at Bloomingdale. has a large and fine building, attached to which are 40 acres of ground, taste- fully laid out in gardens, pleasure-grounds, and gravelled walks ; it occupies one of the most elevated sites on the island. The Deaf and Dumb Asylum is on 50th- street, near the Fourth avenue, and has a principal and 8 instructors. The Institution for the Blind, on the 8th avenue, has about 70 pupils. The New York Society Library, an old institution, founded in 1754, has an elegant edifice on Broadway at the corner of Leonard-street, and besides spacious accommodations for the library, has a handsome and commodious lecture-room, and the rooms of the Academy of Design. The library, which contains about 40,000 volumes, is open on every week day. The Historical Society, at the University, has a valuable library of 12,000 volumes, besides a collection of coins, medals, and manuscripts; it has published several volumes of historical collections. The National Academy of Design, instituted in 1826, has purchased the statuary of the Academy of Fine Arts, and exhibits annually a large col- lection of paintings by living artists. Its exhibitions open on the 15th of April and close on the 4th of July annually ; the same painting is not al- lowed to be exhibited twice. Clinton-hall Association was founded in 1830 for the promotion of Literature, Science, and the Arts, and is the proprietor of Clinton-hall, in which the Mercantile Library is located. The Mercantile Library Association was formed in 1820 for the special benefit of merchants' clerks. It has a library of 21,000 volumes, and a reading-room much frequented. It sustains, in the winter season, an in- teresting course of literary and scientific lectures. The Apprentices' Library, in Crosby-street, contains 12,000 volumes. The American In- stitute, incorporated in 1829, for the encouragement of Agriculture, Com- merce, and Manufactures, has a valuable library, reading-room, and a collection of models of machinery. It holds an annual fair. The New York Lyceum, founded in 1838, sustains, in the winter season, an able course of lectures. The Mechanics' Institute contains a library of about 2,000 volumes, a reading-room, supplied with the reviews, literary and scientific journals, and newspapers ; a museum of models of machinery, and a valuable chemical and philosophical apparatus. It has established an annual course of lectures ; and also two schools, one for each of the sexes. There are many religious charitable institutions which have their centre in New York. There are 25 Banks in the city of New York, with an aggregate capital of 28 millions of dollars; several marine insurance companies, with a total capital of about 3 millions ; 26 fire insurance companies, with an ag- gregate capital of about 8 millions ; besides several mutual insurance companies. There are four savings banks, 15 markets, five theatres, an 46 STATE OF NEW YORK. opera-house, a museum, and a circus. During the summer there are theatrical performances at Castle Garden . There are in New York many splendid hotels, of which the Astor House, is the most remarkable. The Croton Jlqucduct commences at the Croton river, five miles from the Hudson, in Westches- > ter county. The Dam is f 250 feet long, 70 feet wide I at the bottom, and 7 at I the top, and 40 feet high, i built of stone and cement. ' It creates a pond 5 miles long, covering a surface ^ of 400 acres, and contain- ; ing 500 millions of gallons 7 water. From the dam, ^_ ^ ^^ * the .Aqueduct proceeds, sometimes tunnelling through solid rocks) crossing valleys by embank- ments, and brooks by culverts, until it reaches Harlem river, a distance of 33 miles. It is built of stone, brick, and cement, arched over and under, 6 feet three inches wide at bottom, 7 feet eight inches at top of the side walls, and 8 feet five inches high ; has a descent of 13$ inches per mile, and will discharge 60 millions of gallons every twenty-four hours. It crosses the Harlem river on a magnificent bridge of stone, 1,450 feet long, with 14 piers, 8 of them bearing arches of 80 feet span, and seven others of 50 feet span, \\4 feet above tide- water, at the top. The receiving reservoir, at 86th-street, 38 miles from the Croton dam, covers 35 acres, and holds 150 millions of gallons. The distributing reservoir, on Murray's Hill in 40th street, covers 4 acres, and is constructed of stone and ce- ment, 45 feet high above the street, and holds twenty millions of gallons. Thence the water is distributed over the city in iron pipes, laid so deep under ground as to be secure from frost. The whole cost of the work has been about 13 millions of dollars. "The water is of the purest kind of river water. There are laid below the distributing reservoir in 40th- street, more than 170 miles of pipe from 6 to 36 inches in diameter. There are not more t\\&u four cities in Europe larger than New York, vix., London, Paris, Constantinople, and St. Petersburg. Steamboats leave daily for Boston on four routes, viz.: via Providence, via Stonington ; via, New London and Jlllyn's Point ; and via Ntio Haven, (see routes 122, 123, 124, 125 ;) and daily for Bridgeport, Nor- walk, New Rochelle, Flushing, Glen Cove, Oyster Bay, Port Jefferson, VVEEHAWKEN, 2 miles north, is a bold rocky bluff, rising r abruptly from the water's edge. A villa occupies its summit. A short distance above, on the river-shore, overhung by beetling cliffs and almost inaccessible from the land-side, is the famous duelling-ground. Here it was that Gen. Hamilton fell, July llth, 1804. The Palisades, which commence at Weehawken, are a massy range of columnar rock, rising almost perpendicularly from the shore to the height of four or five hundred feet, and are regarded as one of the most picturesque and inter- esting objects on the Hudson. They extend for a distance of 20 miles F1391 tne ' r summ ' ts being slightly undulating table-land. BULL'S r fi -i L J FERRY. From this place to New York, a ferry has existed for L J more than half a century. Opposite is BLOOMINGDALE, a suburb of New York, extending north 3 or 4 miles. The Orphan Asylum, with numerous seats embowered in shrubbery, attracts the attention ; and the Lunatic Asylum, situated on elevated ground, is also an object of interest. Immediately above, is seen Manhattanvillc valley and its pretty T1351 v ^' age > containing a church and about 500 inhabitants. FORT ,-,-! * J LEE, on the Jersey side, (from which a steamboat plies several *- * times daily to New York,) derives its name from a fort built on the sum- mit of the rocks, 300 feet above the river. Traces of the ruins of the fortress still remain, overgrown with shrubbery. Just above, on the New York side, is FORT WASHINGTON, situated on the most elevated point of the island. It was taken by the British, after a desperate resistance, November 16th, 1776, and the garrison put to the sword. The ruins still exist, in the centre of which there has been erected a pretty mansion. F1321 ^ PUYTKN DUYVEL CREEK enters the Hudson two miles above rjoi Fort Washington, and connecting with Harlem river, sepa- L rates New York from the main land. Kingsbridge crosses this creek one mile east. On the north of this stream, on the heights, was Fort Inde- [1281 pen dence. YONKERS is on the east bank, at the entrance of rj7] Sawkill cr. It contains two churches, a seminary, and about 50 '- dwellings. Closter Landing is on the opposite side of the river. HAS- TINGS, three miles north of Yonkers, has several pretty country residences. OBBS FERRY was a noted place in the war of the Revolu- r^-i on. Here is a village containing two churches and 50 dwell- On the opposite shore, and just below the old ferry landing, is the commencement of the line dividing the states of New York and New Jersey. f!211 PIERMONT, on the west bank, was formerly known as the r^-i J " Sloat." At this place a pier has been erected about one mile *-~ J long, on which is the depot of the New York and Erie railroad, which [123] V OE tion STATE OF NEW YORK. 49 commences here. A steamboat plies daily to and from New York. The village contains two churches and about 1,000 inhabitants. Three miles west lies the village of Tappan ; and about a quarter of a mile from this, on an eminence overlooking, to the east, a romantic and fertile val- ley, is the spot where Mnjor Andre was executed, October 2d, 1780. Cam leave Piermont every day on the route west see route 131. Here commences an expansion of the river, locally known as " Tappan Sea," and extending for a distance of ten miles, with an average width of 2i miles. The Van Tassell House is on the east shore, just above, and nearly opposite to Piermont. It is the residence of Washington Irving. riiQ-i TARRYTOWN, on the east bank, is prettily situated, and con- r27 -i L J tains 4 churches and about 1,000 inhabitants. About one- * fourth of a mile north of the village, is the spot where Major Andre was taken prisoner, and at the distance of a mile further north, is an ancient Dutch church, (supposed to be the oldest in the state,) erected in 1699. It was in this church that the never-to-be-forgotten Ichabod Crane, in rivalry of the Dominie, led off the choir. It was also in the ravine near by, that Ichabod had his fearful encounter with the headless horse- man, when he disappeared forever from the vale of Sleepy Hollow. NYACK, on the west bank, is a considerable village, containing 3 churches and 800 inhabitants. Near the northern extremity of Tappan bay, on the east side, is the thriving village of niQl SINQ SING, containing four churches, two seminaries, and r-, L J about 2,000 inhabitants. Mount Pleasant State Prison is a L J short distance south of the village, where are extensive quarries of marble, wrought by the convicts. The prison grounds cover an area of 130 acres. Almost opposite to Sing Sing is Verdreitjes Hook, a rocky promontory. Half a mile above is ROCKLAND LAKE LANDING ; and about f of a mile from the Hudson is the lake, a picturesque sheet of water, from which immense quantities of ice of the purest kind are ob- tained. This lake is the principal source of Hackensack river. Abov^ Verdreitjes Hook the river expands again to an average width of two miles for a distance of six miles, and is called Haverstraw bay. HAVERSTRAW is a neat village on the west shore, and contains two ^^ churches, an academy, and 400 inhabitants, Grassy Point is two ' dOJ flOGl ni '^ es a ^ ove ' at which is a steamboat-landing. STONY POINT, a I J small rough promontory, is on the west side of the river, with a light- house on its summit. It was fortified in the war of the Revolution, and was distinguished by the celebrated and successful assault made upon it by the Americans under Gen. Wayne, on the night of the 16th July, 1779. On the east side, and opposite to Stony Point, is Verplanck 1 s Point, near which place was the famous continental village, containing the United lftl 1 States Barracks, destroyed by the enemy in Oct., 1777. CALD- r..-, J WELLS, at the entrance to the highlands, is the first landing-place *-** in ascending the river, and from which steamboats ply across the river to F991 P EKKSKILL a village mostly situated on an elevation 200 feet p^gi above the river. It contains a bank. 8 churches, an academy, * and 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leate 3 times a week (in the summer season daily] for Mohapack lake and Garnet, and 3 times for Danbury, Con. On the bluff north of Peekskill creek is the site of Fort Independence. The Highlands, or Matteawan Mountains, extend in a northeastern direction across Orange and Rockland counties, till they are broken by the Hudson ; rising again on the eastern side of the river, they pass off in the same general direction, occupying a breadth of from 15 to 20 miles. 3 50 STATE OF NEW YORK. Several of their summits attain to an elevation of 1,000 to 1,685 fcei. "They are composed principally of granite and gneiss, embedding loose nodules and fixed veins of magnetic iron ores, with other minerals of the same class. It is unequivocally a primitive chain, and in the early ag'es must have opposed a barrier to the passage of the waters, and caused a va^t lake, covering the present valley of the Hudson." The course of the traveller is now for a mile in a direction almost due west, through what is locally called the Horse Race, from the rapidity of its current; this ia caused by an abrupt angle in the bed of the river, which is contracted to a narrow space by its passage through the mountain mass. The Thunder Mountain on the west, and the noted eminence on the east, called Jln- thimy^s Nose, stand as guardians of the Pass. The Nose is 1,228 feet high. During the Revolution a large boom and chain extended across from the foot of this peak to Fort Montgomery on the west side. Forts Ointon and Montgomery were erected to defend the passage of the river at this place. On the 6th Oct., 1777, Sir H. Clinton, with a force of about 3,000 men, took these forts by storm. The works were bravely defended for a length of time by a garrison consisting of only 600 men, wiio were finally overpowered by superior numbers. Two miles above Anthony's Nose is the Sugar JLoaf Mountain, near the base of which is t ; ie Beverly House, where Arnold resided when he was meditating' that act of treachery which has stamped his memory with everlasting infamy. Buttermilk Falls (on the west side, and nearly opposite to the Sugar Loaf) descends in a succession of cascades for more than 100 feet, spread- ing out in sheets of milk-white foam, and making a beautiful appearance, especially when the stream is swollen by rains. T931 WEST PINT, on the right bank of the Hudson, where the p-, river makes an angle forming the point from which it derives its * name, is situated among the most picturesque riv- er and mountain scene- ry conceivable. It was strongly fortified during the warof theRevolution, and the ruins of Fort Putnam, on Mount Inde- pendence, (elevated 495 feet above the river,) are objects of great interest ; as are also the earthen mounds of Fort Clinton, on the plain below. The United States Military Academy was established here in 1802. It is situated on a plain 157 feet above tide- water. The buildings are two stone barracks ; a building for exercises in winter, 275 feet long ; a building of Gothic architecture, 150 feet long, with three towers, for astronomical apparatus and an observatory ; a chapel, hospital, mess-hall, 17 separate dwellings for the officers of the institution, several workshops and storerooms, cavalry stables, a magazine, laboratory, soldiers' barracks, a store, and about 25 dwellings for families connected with the establishment. There is also an extensive hotel situated on the bank of the river. About the grounds are several monuments that erected in memory of Kosciusko by the cadets, at an expense of $5,000, fa the most beautiful. The number of cadets is limited to 260. Opposite to West Point, on the E. shore, is Constitution Island, on which are the ruins of the fort erected during the Revolution. A massy chain was ex- tended from this island to West Point. In the cove just above is the West .STATE OF NEW YORK. 51 Point Foundry, the largest establishment of the kind in America, and which employs 400 persons. COLD SPRING, on the E. shore, 1& miles above West Point, is very prettily situated, and contains 5 churches and 1,250 inhabitants. Near the base of the mountain, north of the village, is Under Cliff, the elegant villa of Gen. Morris. Crow Nest Mountain on the west side, the summit of which is elevated 1,394 feet above the river, affords a beautiful and extended prospect. Butter Hill, just ubove, is 1,530 feet above the river. On the E. side are the three elevations known as Bull Hill, 1,486 feet high, Breakneck Hill, 1,187, and Beacon Hill or Grand Sachem, 1,685 feet high. Polopels Island lies near the east shore, POO-, opposite the ravine between Bull and Breakneck Hills. CORN- ,-,...-, * J WALL, on the west side, at the termination of the Highlands, *\ contains about 150 inhabitants. The river expands here to the width of a mile for the distance of about five miles, and is called Newburg bay. Two miles above is NEW WINDSOR, which has two churches and about 250 inhabitants. It is the birthplace of De Witt Clinton. rR11 NEWBURGH is situated on a steep acclivity, rising to about rfi .-. L" 4 J 300 feet. From the terrace there is a magnificent view of the L J river and the Highlands. There are in the village a theological seminary, several academies, 3 banks, 11 churches, and about 6,000 inhabitants. The stone house occupied by WASHINGTON as his head-quarters, is still standing near the village. On the 23d of June, 1783, the American army was disbanded here. Stages leave daily for Goshen and also for Dun- kirk via Binghamton. (See routes 160 and 161.) On the opposite side of the river, and to which a steamboat plies, is Ftshkill Landing, which has r _ fi 1 3 churches and about 800 inhabitants. Ftshkill, about 5 miles .. _-. " J east of the landing, contains 3 churches, an academy, and * ' 1,000 inhabitants. It is noted as being the Head Quarters of the American Army for a time during the war of the Revolution. Three miles above the landing is Low Point, a scattered settlement extending along the river. NEW HAMBURG is on the eust side of the river, just above the en- trance to Wappinger's Creek. Hampton, a landing on the opposite side, is connected with New Hamburg by a ferry. Three miles above, on the west side, is Milton Landing. The village is about half a mile distant. P-,-, POUGHKEEPSIE, the capital of Dutchess county, is on the left r _ . !?7V bank of the Hudson. Population 10,000. This village, one of I- 74 ' the handsomest in the state, is built on an elevated plain 200 feet above the river, and contains a court-house, jail, a collegiate school, the Dutchess Academy, four seminaries for young ladies, 3 banks, a savings bank, a market, a lyceum, and 14 churches. The College edifice, modelled after the Parthenon at Athens, stands on Prospect Hill, having a wide range of prospect. The village has a rich back country. Stages leave 3 times a week for Danbury, Con. ; for New Milford ; and for West Corn" wall via Sliaron. On the west side, opposite to Poughkeepsie, is JVeto Paltz Landing. The village of New Paltz lies some distance from the river. Six miles above, on the east side, is HYDK PARK, which contains 3 churches and about 50 dwellings. Ffill R NDOUT situated at the mouth of a stream of the same .g^-i I " name, contains two churches, a seminary, and about 1,500 in- * habitants. It is the port of the Delaware' and Hudson canal. One mile further north is Kingston Landing. The village of KINGSTON is situated 3 miles west of the landing. It was incorporated in 1805, and contains a court-house, 4 churches, two banks, an academy, and about 2,300 in- , habitants. This place was burned by the British army Oct., 1777. Stages 52 STATE OF NEW YORK. leave 3 times a week for Delhi, and Ellcnmlle. Six miles above, on the T551 east S ' ( * 6 ' * s Rhi ne b ec k Landing. The village of KHINEBECK, roftl J two miles from the landing, contains 3 churches, an academy, LJUJ and ahout 1,200 inhabitnnts. Nine miles north is Lower Red Hook, and 3 miles above is Upper Red Hook Landing. The villages lie some 3 or 4 miles from the river. A ferryboat plies from the Upper Landing to the [441 West side ' at SAUGERTIKS a lar e e manufacturing village, on nml J Esopus creek, where is an extensive water-power. The village " " contains five churches and about 2,000 inhabitants. Bristol is 2 miles above. |-~.-i CATSKILL is prettily situated on the right bank, and contains nill * J a court-house, two banks, 5 churches, and about 3,000 inhabi- L 11] tants. Vehicles are ready on the arrival of the boats to convey pas- sengers to the celebrated summer resort, (12 miles distant,) at Pine Orchard, Catskill Mountain. There is here an excellent hotel, on an ele- vation 2,212 feet above the level of the Hudson, which gives to the atmosphere a refreshing coolness amid the most sultry heat of summer. A little to the west of the Mountain House are two ponds, the outlets of which unite, and proceed by falls and rapids, in a , deep ravine, to the plain below. The first fall is 180 feet perpendicular; and within a short distance is a second fall of about 80 feet. By a circuitous path the , traveller can pass down and go under the rock, and fc behind the water of the first fall, where is presented a | singular and interesting view. From the Mountain House, is a most extensive and varied prospect, for the distance of sixty miles, (in a clear atmosphere:) the I landscape is distinctly visible, adorned with the pic- ^^ ^ ^ iljturesque Hudson, its green isles and moving panorama of vesse's, its cities, villages, and villas. The range of vision extends from the Hudson Highlands to the Green Mountains. Stages leave Catskill daily for Ithaca. r g q -| HUDSON, on the left bank of the river, is built on an elevated rjjgi L J site, from which is obtained n fine view of the river and sur- I J rounding country. It has an elegant court-house, 8 churches, two banks, two markets, the Franklin Literary Association, with a respectable library and philosophical apparatus, two academies, a lunatic asylum, and 5,700 inhabitants. The city is supplied with pure water from a mountain spring two miles distant, conveyed in iron pipes. Several whale-ships be- long to Hudson. The village of New Lebanon Springs is 24 miles NE. from Hudson. The Shaker Settlement contains a large church, several extensive workshops, and 600 inhabitants. The Springs are warm, emit nitrogen gas, and have a temperature of 73 Fahrenheit ; they are effica- cious for rheumatism, salt rheum, and cutaneous affections. The country around is beautiful and picturesque, and the springs are much frequented. Cars leave Hudson daily for West Stockbridge, Lebanon Springs, frc. ; and stages 3 times a week for Gnat Barrington, Mass. A ferryboat plies to the west shore at Athens, which contains 4 churches and about 1,200 inhabitants. Four Mile Point, on which is a light-house, is at the r ji head of ship navigation. Coxsackie Landing is on the right r^i bank ; the village extends along the river for the distance of L a mile, and contains 3 churches, an academy, and about 1,200 inhabitants. r. R -, STUYVESANT, on the east side, contains a church and about rj27l J 300 inhabitants. A short distance above is KINDERHOOK L LANDING. The village of Kinderhook lies 5 miles east from the river. STATE OF NEW YORK. 53 Rod contains two churches, a bank, an academy, and about 1,400 in- habitants. NEW BALTIMORE, on the west shore, has u church and r , about 300 inhabitants. Two miles above is COEYMANS, con- ^ I J taining two churches and about 700 inhabitants. Four miles L farther, on the east side, is CASTLETON, with a church and about 350 in- nl habitants. The Overslaugh has heretofore been an obstruction , J42 , I " to navignt'on for some distance below Albany, but the chan- L nel has been straightened and deepened, at a great expense, by the United States government, thus rendering it more navigable. ALBANY, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of the river, 145 miles from New York, 200 west by north from Boston, and 370 from Washington. Population 42,000. On the margin of the river is a flat alluvial tract, from 15 to 100 yards wide, back of which the ground rises abruptly, and in the course of a mile attains to the height of 220 feet, after which it becomes level. Originally the streets were not very regularly laid out, and some of them are narrow. State-street has a steep ascent, at the head of which is the Capitol, a fine edifice 115 feet long and 90 wide, with richly furnished apartments for the accommodation of the state legislature. In front of it is a handsome square, ornamented with walks, trees, and shrubbery. To the north of this, separated only by a street, is a corresponding square, on the east side of which is the City Hall, a splendid marble edifice ; and facing the same square is the State Hall for the public offices. The Albany Academy is a fine edifice. The other public buildings are, a Medical College, a Female Academy, the Exchange, thirty-two churches, three markets, a state arsenal, and eight banks. The old State Hall, on the south side of State street, is fitted up for the geological cabinet, collected in the geological survey of the state. The New York State Library occupies a large room in the Capitol, and contains 10,000 volumes. The Albany Medical College, founded in 1839, has 8 professors and 104 students. It has a museum and library. The lectures commence on the first Tuesday in October. The Albany Academy has able instructors, and 400 students. The Female Academy has about 350 pupils, and sustains a high reputation. The Young Men's Association has a library of 3,200 volumes. Albany was founded by the Dutch in 1623, then called Fort Orange, and was chartered as a city in 1686. Twenty or more steamboats, and 50 towboats, ply between this city and JV. York, and other places on the river. Cars arrive and depart twice daily for Boston and the intermediate places ; twice daily for Saratoga Springs, (fare $1.62;) awd3 times daily for Buffalo, (/are$12,) Niagara Falls, andthein- termediate places : (see pages 74 and 75. ) Stages leave daily for Pittsfield, Mass. ; far Bennington, Vt. ; for Burlington^ for Montreal, Can., via Whitehall, Plattsburg, &c. : and also Syracuse, via Cherry Valley. Twice a week for Binghamton ; and also for Williamstown, Mass. TROY, the capital of Rensselaer county, is pleasantly situated on the left bank of the Hudson, at the head of tide-water, 6 miles north of Albany, and 151 north of New York. Population 21,709. It extends about 3 miles along the river, with a breadth of U miles. It is bordered STATE OF NEW YORK. on the E. by hills of considerable elevation, from which descend two con- siderable streams, which have romantic cascades and afford extensive water-power. The city is handsomely laid out, and its streets are wide and well paved. The Court-house is a fine building, constructed of marble, with a Grecian front of the Doric order. Here are the Troy Fe- male Institute and the Rensselaer Institute, with several other schools of a high order; the Lyceum of Natural History, a Young Men's Association, 18 churches, 6 banks, and 11 academies. Cars leave daily for Saratoga Springs, for Schenectady, and also for Boston. Stages leave daily for Bennington, F~t. ; and for Whitehall, and also for Burlington, Ft. BALLSTON SPA, 31 miles from Albany, is situated on a small branch of Kayaderosseras creek, and contains a court-house, 4 churches, 1 bank, and about 1,500 inhabitants. The oldest and still most esteemed fountain is known as the " Public Well," on the flat west of the centre of the village. There are several other springs of less note, possessing medicinal prop- erties of a similar character. Cars pass twice daily from Albany and from Saratoga Springs. SARATOGA SPRINGS, 38 miles north of Albany, is the most celebrated watering-place in theUnited States. It contains some ' of the largest and i most splendid ho- 1 tels and board- | ing-houses in the [ country, which in the watering season are abun- dantly filled by the gay and fashionable from all parts of the Union, West Indies, &c. The village contains six churches, an academy, a female seminary, and about 3,000 inhabitants. The mineral waters are drawn from some 9 or more fountains or springs, and vary considerably in their characteristics. The principal springs are called the Congress, Iodine, Empire, Putnam's, Hamilton, High Rock, Columbian, Flat Rock, and Washington. The most promi- nent effects of these waters, when taken into the stomach, are cathartic, diuretic, and tonic. In all pulmonary affections arising from primary diseases of the Jungs, the waters are thought to be injurious, but they have proven highly efficacious in cutaneous diseases, scrofula, jaundice, bilious affections, chronic rheumatism, &c., &c. The objects of amuse- ment here are always sufficiently numerous for the gratification of the transient visitor. The reading-rooms afford mental recreation ; while, if other amusement be sought, it is afforded by the railroad carriages can leaving several times a day on trips of pleasure or by a short excursion into the neighborhood, where sufficient beauty and novelty of scenery are always presented Jo render it interesting. The amusements of the day are usually crowned by a ball or promenade. Saratoga Lake, 4 miles southeast of the vil- f lage, is much resorted to, by parties of pleas- [ ure. It affords ample sport to the angler, and ^ its shores abound with game. The Sulphur 'pring at the head of the lake is exciting much attention ; its waters, which are remark- ably clear, are moderately impregnated with sulphur STATE 0V NEW YORK. 55 The plain of Saratoga was the scene of the surrender of the British ormy under Gen. Burgoyne, Oct. 17, 1777. Bemus' Heights, Freeman's Farm, and other places in the vicinity, connected with the battles which preceded that event, are objects of interest. Cars arrive and depart twice daily for Albany, and also for Troy. Stages leave daily for Whitehall via Glenn's Falls, and three times a week for Ticonderoga. The village of GLENN'S FALLS, on the Hudson, is 18 miles north from Saratoga Springs. It has three churches, two seminaries, and about 1,200 inhabitants. The I falls in the river are exceedingly beautiful. Caldwell is delightfully situated at the head of jj Lake George, 62 miles north from Albany, j and contains a church and about two hundred ' inhabitants. A steamboat plies on the lake 36 miles to its outlet, near Fort Ticonderoga. WHITEHALL, seventy-two miles N. of Albany, us situated at the head of Lake Champlain ; and contains 3 churches, 1 bank, and about 2.500 inhabitants. Steamboats leave daily (in the summer season) for Montreal via St. John's. (See page 74.) Fort Ticonderoga, the ruins of which fortress still exist, was situated near Lake Champlain, at the outlet of Lake George. The scenery in this region is varied and picturesque. Lake George is justly celebrated for its wild, picturesque, and varied scenery ; its waters are remarkably transparent and pure. Its shores contain the remains of Fort William Hen- .--^ ry and Fort George, ^j^- and others memora- ^ ble in the French and ^ Revolutionary wars. PLATTSBUROH,| Clinton co. , is 166 miles i_ N. of Albany, and 538 from Washington. Population 6,000. The village is on both sides of Saranac river, at its entrance into Cumberland bay, on the W. shore of Lake Champlain, and contains a court-house, a bank, a lyceum, an academy, and 4 churches. It is celebrated for the battle in the last war between the Americans and British, September llth, 1814, in which tho Americans under Gen. Macomb, on land, and Commodore Macdonough, on the lake, were victorious, after a hard-rought battle. Steamboats (in the summer) arrive and depart daily for Whitehall via Burlington, Ticonderoga, &c. ; and also for Montreal via St. John's. Stages (in the winter season) pass through daily from Montreal and from Albany. Stages leave three times a week for Ogdensburg via Fort Cov- ington. SCHENECTADY, 16 miles NW. from Albany, on the south bank of Mohawk river, contains a court-house, a market, a female academy, a lyceum, two banks, 9 churches, and 6,555 inhabitants. It is the seat of Union College, founded in 1795, which has a president, 10 professors or other instructors, 2,125 alumni, 242 students, and 13,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the fourth Wednesday in July. Its buildings are commodious, and attached to them are 250 acres of land, handsomely laid out. The reputation of this college is deservedly high. Cars pass through daily for Buffalo and the intermediate places, and also for Albany, and twice daily for Saratoga Springs. 56 STATE OF NEW YORK. Sharon Sulphur Springs are 12 miles from the depot at Palatine Bridge, (see route 150,) from which stages leave daily in the summer season. These waters are highly efficacious in rheumatic, cutaneous, and dyspeptic complaints. There are in the vicinity several caves, and tftsego La.k& furnishes abundant sport for the angler. LITTLE FALLS, situated on both sides of Mohawk river, 73 miles from Albany, contains five churches, a bank, and about 2,500 inhabitants. There is a fall of 42 feet in the river, affording an immense hydraulic power. Ji line of stages leaves daily for Trenton Falls. TRENTON FALLS are 18 mile* . NE. from Utica, on West Canada ]* creek. The waters fall 312 feet, | by a succession of cascades, in e course of two miles, and the I scenery is the most wild and pic- I turesque imaginable. The chasm, I for the whole distance, is broken I through limestone rock, and the _ pathway is mostly along the margin of the rushing Waters, upon a ledge or shelf so narrow and perilous, that the visitor will find difficulty in sustaining himself. HERKIM.ER, pleasantly situated on Mohawk river, contains a court- house, an academy, a bank, two churches, and about 800 inhabitants. UTICA is 94 miles from Albany, 202 from Buffalo, and 237 from New York. The city is beautifully situated on the south side of Mohawk river, on an inclined plain rising from the river, so as to command from its eleva- ted parts some fine prospects. It contains a court-house, 18 churches, an exchange building, two academies, the Utica Library, a Mechanics' As- sociation, an Apprentices' Library, two Orphan Asylums, 4 banks, and 12,200 inhabitants. The State Lunatic Asylum, a mile west of the city, is a fine building, with a farm of 160 acres attached to it. The city occupies the site of old Fort Schuyler, and is now one of the finest in Western New York, though in 1794 there were only 3 or 4 dwellings on the spot. It dates its great prosperity from the completion of the Erie canal. Cars pass through 3 times daily from Buffalo, and from Albany. Stages ar- rive and depart daily for Sacketts Harbor, via Trenton, Watertown, T 12 2 7 6 R 2 3 4 5 3 11 3 140 14H 159 it;,; 172 174 177 is:, I'.t:, Jll 234 24! i TO 7 19 21 2* 34 TO 1 10 14 li 22 33 36 Guilford Abbot 2 7 47 51 5S Stron ' .....' 11 3 6 48 51 57 TA cr- 10 15 25 63 72 ND op. A 22 1 54 60 64 L.ND 5-5 37 43 48 NI> 11. 43 70 78 !)0 97 1(13 110 LND 10 14 17 22 :-;o 38 48 ofi^oni PHILLIPS Passadilmkeag ... WestEnfield South Lincoln Shirley 7 R E. 6 8 7 6 2 us N. 4 4 4 9 7 6 u& 5 5 4 5 3 H 8 us 65 72 TO 20 2:! 34 4 ! 49 TA 10 14 18 2'2 31 ;> 44 TA 9 14 IS 2S 2S 31 40 46 TA q 15) FROM Auous TO FRYEBURtf, Via Paris and Wat ford. To Winthrop Wayne 5 Greenville, at the LAKE (10) FROM BANGC BROWNSVILL East Corinth Lincoln Centre... North Lincoln ... Mattawamkeag .. Mo' uncas Haynesville Linneus Atkinson Sebec Sorth Turner .... Bucksfield 10 7 7 5 9 6 4 9 I.A hr 13 6 7 3 6 9 7 6 4 I,; 7 6 8 6 5 I-.A \. 10 B s s I-J / L, ID 4 3 5 8 8 10 HOULTON (5) FROM BELFA BANGOR. To Swanville (see No. 1) Frankfort Mills... Frankfort Williamsburg BROWNSVILLE... (11) FROM AUG TO THOMASTO Windsor PARIS Vorway Waterford Sweden Lovel FRYEBURG (16) FROM PORT TO AUGUSTA Via. Gray &r Wint To Stevens'Plains South Windsor... W. Jefferson Jefferson Hampden BANGOR (6) FROM BANGC CASTINE. To Brewer Brewer Village... Orrington South Orrington . North Bucksport. Bucksport Orlanu Waldoboro' W^arreu THOMASTON (12) FROM AUG TO BELFAST ToS.Vassalboro'. South China Palermo New Gloucester.. Auburn Lewiston Greene Momnouth VVinthrop North Palermo ... Montville North Searsmont. Hallowell x Roads AUGUSTA (17) FROM PORT TO PARIS. Yo Gray North Castine.... CASTINE (7) FROM BANGOR TO ELLSWORTH. To Brewer 1 BELFAST (13) FROM Auc TO QUEBEC W. Gloucester ... East Brewer North Ellsworth . Ellsworth b ! 11 03 )R . 5 4 16 27 130 TO 1 Waterville 9 4 10 2 B S 4 5 3 3 14 ( 9 <) 10 a 94 }U 5 11 4 18 2- 32 34 31 47 51 56 a 62 7t HL 91 111 ta 141 234 3TA li? 1 37 Norway From Ellsworth to Eastp't, see No. (8) FROM BANG< SKOWHEGAI* To Hermon Carmel Bloomfield Skowhegan NoRRIDGEWOCK. Madison (18) FROM PORT TO LANCASTER, J To Norway Anson Embden Solon Bethel Gilead Shelburn.N.H... Randolph Kilkenny Newport Palmyra Pittsfield 7 5 j i OR VK ll 2o 30 3b 4: 52 TO E, 13 2- ll Currituck The Forks Jackman's Moose River Jefferson LANCASTER (19) FROM PORT TO WATERFOI South Windham . Windham North Windham. SKOWHEGAN (9) FROM BANG MOOSE HEAD L Via Dover. To Levant 1 QUEBEC (14) FROM Auc TO PHILLIPS To Readfield Mt. Vernon East Corinth VV. Charleston . . . Dover Suiigerville Farmington Falls. Farmington WATERFORD .... ROUTES IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. 63 (20) FROM PORI TO CONWAY, N To Sacarappa (see No. 1) Gorham JT 4 1( 7 17 8 25 9 34 6 40 8 48 81 56 LAND JVew- 'ern. and ad. 8 13 (23) F'.M PORTSM N. H., TO CONC 1 To Durham NottinghamTurn- pike OUTH ORD. 17 9 26 34 2','. :>..>. 33 6 39 4 43 8 51 IRTO . 4 4 8 5 13 :RTO r. 3 ' 9 , '(28) FROM Coi TO CONWAY To Shaker Village Upper Gilmanton Guilford tCORD 14 8 22 6 28 9 37 4 41 5 46 3 49 7 56 2 58 7 65 6 71 CORD 7 15 2 17 4 121 8 29 9 38 5 43 7 50 \ 54 14584 1463 4744 NTO 76 9 85 7 92 6 98 5103 8111 7118 8126 4130 1131 2143 1154 9163 8171 7178 6184 6190 7197 8205 5210 8,218 ORD Lit (43 2 55 1 59 In Staiulish . i East Northwood . YVest North wood. Meredith Village. CENTRE HARBOR Moultonboro' Sandwich Hiram Brownrield Fryeburg 1 Chichester S. Tamworth Tamworth CONWAY (24) FROM EXETI PORTSMOUTH To Strntham Greenland PORTSMOUTH (25) FROM EXETI NEWBURYPOR To Kensington... Amesbury Salisbury (21) FROM PORT TO BOSTON, Via Portsmouth,, . buryport, and !Sa Portsmouth, Saco, Portland Railro To Scarboro' Saco Kennebunk J Eaton ! CONWAY (29) FROM CON TO HAVERHIL Canterbury. . . Northfield Sanbornt'n Bridge Sanbornton New Hampton ... iHolderness Plymouth Wells North Berwick... South Berwick... PORTSMOUTH ll Eastern Railroa Greenland 5| 28 5 33 6l 39 21 51 d. 5 56 5 61 2 63 2 65 4 69 2 71 5 76 4 80 5 85 4 89; 3 96 9105 VTO H. oay, oun- 66 3 76, ) 861 3 92 3 97 J107 3112 3118 H27 3136 H39 ' ii;i; J17!) 3.184il Bellevilleport .... NEWBURYPORT.. (26) FROM EXETE CONCORD. To Epping 2 11 2| 13 RTO 8 15 6 21 4 25 4 29 5 34 51 39 NTO I. hua. Rail- 5 474 410 19 4214 d. 21 28 a so 4 34 3 37 4 41 d. 5 46 5 51 55 59 63 67 71 5 76 Rumney. . West Rumney ... Went worth Warren HAVERHILL ] (30) FROM BOSTC BURLINGTON, Via Concord, Han and Montpeliei To CONCORD (see No. 27).... Boscawen Hampton North Raymond.. South Deerfield... WestDeerfield... Allenstown Pembroke . .... Hampton Falls... Sea brook Salisbury NEWBURYPORT.. CONCORD Ipswich . . (27) FROM BOSTO CONCORD, N. I Via Lowell $ Nas Boston $ Lowell j road. ToMedford South Woburn... 2 Woburn.. $ VVenham Salisbury Beverly Andover . . . Salem Wilmot .. Springfield BOSTON Enfield.... (22) FROMBOSTO LITTLETON, N. Via Dover, Com and the White M tains. To DOVER (see No. 3) gochester 1 Lilton 1 Union Lebanon . HANOVER Norwich .... Stafford 1 Wilmington i Billerica 4 Washington Billerica Mills....! LOWELL 4 MONTPELIER .... vi : i j| tt ._ Nashua Railroa To Middlesex.... Chelmsford... Waterbury Bolton Richmond Willston Waketield Ossipee 1 Centre Ossipee... West Ossipee.... Eaton Little's NASHUA Concord Railroa Thornton's Ferry. Reed's Ferry GotFs Falls Manchester Martin's Ferry ... Hooksett Robertson's Ferry CONCORD BURLINGTON (31) FROM CONC: TO GUILDHALL Via Plymouth and tleton. To PLYMOUTH (see No. 29).... West Thornton . . 1 Woodstock franconia 1 CONWAY . North Con way... Lower Bartlett . . . Bartlett . The Notch 2 Bethlehem 1 LlTTLKTON 64 ROUTES IN VERMONT. LITTLETON Pingreeville Dalton Lancaster GUILDHALL (32) FROM CON TO KEENE. To Hopkinton ... Henniker Hillsboro' Bridge. Hillsboro' CO 8 6 :i \-l H 10 JA ^t R 3 9 7 3 9 7 5 8 4 85 1)1 98 105 111 RB 7 15 21 24 36 41 54 TO oy- 12 24 31 34 43 50 5," 63 67 Chesterfield Fac. . Jhesterh'eld BRATTLEBORO' .. (36) FROM Lovi Mass., TO BRAI BORO', Vt. North Chelmsford 8 i 8| 'E TJ 3 3 6 4 2 6 11 7 7 6 6 7 )N "cc Hi J at oa 4 2i 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 9 9 12 4 5 5 5 9 5 8 57 60 68 LL, ,E- 4 7 10 16 20 11 2* 89 46 53 53 eg 72 TO ne, ts t id- tie- d. 6 10 18* 16 20 2., 27 31 35 40 45 50 57 64 73 77 86 98 102 107 112 117 126 7 f 8 25 11 11 Li LSI 9 , T i a 9 5 14 4 7 7 G1 c 6 3 8 4 6 6 6 E- ^L- nd 2 9 18 23 37 41 48 55 67 71 77 ^ON as- 8 14 21 24 31 39 43 49 55 61 70 77 87 96 104 110 116 140 144 150 ON Y. 24 30 Ferrisburg Charlotte Shelburn BURLINGTON Steamboat. PLATTSBURG, Pyngsboro' Dunstable Fepperell Rouse's Point Isle aux Noix St. Johns, Canada C/iamvlain <& St. rence Railroac La Prairie Townsend Harbor Townsend. . . . South Stoddard . . Nelson Ashley KEENE (33) FROMNASHI MONTPELIER, " Via Windsor and alton. To Amherst Mt. Vernon Francestown West Deering.... Hillsboro' Rindge, N. H. ... Fitzwilliara Richmond. . . . Steamboat. MONTREAL I (38) FROM BRAI BORO', Vt., TO BANY, N. Y., Via Bennington Troy. To West Brattle- Winchester Hinsdale BRATTLEBORO'.. (37) FROM BOST MONTREAL, Via Fitchbtirg, R N.H., Bellows' j Vt., Rutland, dlebury, and Br boro'. Fitckburg Railr ToW. Cambridge Washington Lempster Wilmington Unity Wood lord Claremont BENNINGTON Hoosick West Claremont. . WINDSOR, Vt Woodstock Barnard ROYALTON Randolph 1 14 9 6 5 6 6 3 LTA N. 8 7 r 10 B 8 1 87 96 10L 107 113 119 126 12 TO 11 ]! a 3! 4" f>: 61 68 TO t. 1 It 18 2-. 3 3t 44 49 Weston Lansingburg TROY Lincoln . . Concord South Acton West Acton ALBANY (39) FR'MBURLIN TO ALBANY, Via Middlebury , tleton. To Shelburn Charlotte Ferrisburg Brookrield Williamstown Berlin Groton . . . Shirley Village... Leominster MONTPELIER .... (34) FROM NASH CHARLESTOW ToMilford .South Lyndboro'. Greenfield FlTCHBURO Stage. Ashburnharn Winchenden Fitzwilliam.N.H. Vergennes New Haven MIDDLEBURY Hancock Stoddard South Marlboro'.. Alstead Langdon KEENE .. Whiting Walpole BELLOWS' FALLS Rockingham Sudbury Hubbardton CASTLETON Poultney CHARLESTOWN.. 7 (35) FROM NASHUA BRATTLEBORO', V Via Keene. To Milf'ord . . . Chester Granville, N.Y... Hebron r ii Salem Mt Holly Jackson Finlayville East Clarendon... RUTLAND Pittstord 7 6 4 8 8 5 4 10 5 8 Mi! 152 K>6 172 177 181 191 199 Cambridge Lansingburg TROY ALBANY East Wilton Wilton 5 2 4 b ( & e (40) FR'M BURLIN TOWHITEHALL, To Vergennes (see No. 39).... TTemple Leicester Salisbury Dublin ... MlDDLEBURY Wey bridge New Haven Marlboro* ROUTES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 65 Shoreham Orwell 6 6 6 6 8 GT LI 1 6 8 9 Gl 4 4 Hi 3 9 1!! 9 6 3 8 6 % 1 5 8 7 6 t; 9 6 1 12 t; 5 13 12 :LI 12 6 1 44 50 56 70 ON IG, 6 12 18 24 32 41 ON 8 12 16 38 4* 57 68 6i ; 74 80 S'O- TE At- 8 13 21 2* 34 40 56 t;u 70 77 81* 95 113 134 146 ER 8 20 26 31 43 Fairfield ST. ALBANS (45) F'MMONTPI TO DERBY. To Calais ! :L 6 6 5 12 9 ft 7 5 4 9 4 BL . 12 4 7 8 5 y'D H. 8 H 6 5 2 4 Gl 7 6 3 2 5 9 3 6 56 63 ER 10 16 2-2 27 39 42 49 58 ER i. 6 13 18 2-2 31 35 RY 8 20 24 31 44 TO 12 20 27 33 39 44 46 TO 12 17 20 24 ON i 22 24 2!! 37 4i) 55 RO' TO DERBY LIN Via Bellows 3 Fa Windsor, Hanoz and Haverhill. To Chesterfield, N H K, Us, er, 8 14 22 26 52 59 67 71 81 88 93 98 101 107 115 118 125 129 136 145 156 1H3 172 175 TO nd Icr 5 7 9 13 17 21 24 28 32 38 44 i 62 64 67 b-9 73 83 89 92 98 Benson W T est Haven WHITEHALL (41) FR'M BURLIN TO PHILLIPSI Canada. To Colchester .... West Milton LaMoilleville.... Westmoreland . . . Walpole 6 8 4 8 9 9 7 8 4 10 5 5 3 i! 8 3 7 4 7 9 '! !i 3 )N C CCS 2 2 4 4 3 4 4 6 6 in! 9 4 5 2 3 2 4 HI 6 3 6 Glover BELLOWS' FALLS Vt Georgja ST. ALBANS High Gate Brownington Derby Chartestown, NH. Wethersfield WINDSOR (46) F'MMONTPI TO HAVERHILL,. To Barre Phillipsburg (42) FR'M BURLIN TO DERBY. To Essex Plainfield West Lebanon... HANOVER Lyme Orford Jericho Underbill West'Topsham .. East Corinth Bradford HAVERHILL Newbury, Vt Wells' River Mclndoes' Falls. . Barnet Cambridge Jerfersonville Johnson Eden HAVERHILL (47) F'M MIDDLE TO ROYALTO1< ToRipton Hancock Lowell Westfield Troy Passumsic St. Johnsbury Lyndon Sutton Derby (43) FROM BUR TON TO THE W MOUNTAINS, Via Montpelier < tleton. ToWilliston Richmond Bolton Rochester Stockbridge Bethel . ... Barton Brownington Derby... Derby Line. . . . Royalton (48}FR'MRUTLAT HANOVER, N. To Sherburn Bridgewater Woodstock (52) FROM BOST ALBANY, Via Worcester Springfield. Boston and Wor Railroad. To Brighton Angier's Corner.. Newton Needham ... Q,ueechee Villa ge . Hartford Waterbury Middlesex MoNTPELIER Plainfield Marshfield HANOVER . (49) FR'M RUTLAI WHITEHALL, J\ T To Castleton Fair Haven Low Hampton . . . WHITEHALL (50) F'M BENNIN TO RUTLAND ToShaftsbury.... Arlington Danville St. Johnsbury Waterford Littleton, N. H... Bethlehem Natick Framingham Hopkinton Southboro' .. Westboro' Notch, House Bartlett Grafton WORCESTER Western Railro Clappville. . . CON WAY . (44) F'MMONTP TO ST. ALB AN Via Johnson To Worcester . . . Elmore Morrisville Hyde Park Johnson . . Charlton . Spencer Sunderland Manchester East Brookfield . . South Brookfield. West Brookfield . Warren Palmer North Wilbraham Wilbrnharn SPRINGFIELD ... Factory Point Bast Dorset Dunby Wallmgford...... Waterville RUTLAND ROUTES IN MASSACHUSETTS. W. Springfield... Westlield . . 2 8 8 3 ti 10 3 5 3 5 3 <*< d. 5 5 5 7 8 1 m w 4 5 2 4 5 2 15 4 5 8 12 5 5 si 6 5 5 2 6 5 3 5 4 S'l W 6 6 5 6 12 100 108 116 119 \'2 : , 135 138 !!:] L46 151 i;,ii 158 Lffl ck- 167 178 177 184 192 !!: 2ui> TIG N. 8 12 1!) 23 2S 30 45 4!) T>4 62 74 79 84 ER 13 IS 2:; 2., 31 36 89 44 48 ER . 13 20 21 i 31 37 41 53 (56)FR'MWORCES1 TO KEENE, N. H To Holden . . . ^ER 17 23 36 38 43 51 56 KR Vt. 17 21 * 53 58 65 ER 21 28 31 40 it; 53 3K- rn- 6 13 25 30 33 )E- H 20 LD 6 9 15 25 29 31 34 36 41 45 54 Boston and Worcester Railroad. Graflon fi fift Russell Chester Village^.. Chester Factory.. North Becket .... Washington Hinsdale Hubbardton Templeton Baldwinsville Royalton Richmond, N. H. Swansea KEENE (57) FR'M WORCE TO BRATTLEBOR< To Paxton . . . 9 6 3 7 10 8 5 )', 10 4 7 8 6 11 5 7 si D. 7 3 9 6 10 >R 7 12 5 3 Rl ST 10 FII ad 3 6 10 4 3 5 4 9 Westboro' 6 66 4 70 4 74 3 77 4 81 4 85 4 89 2 91 2 93 5 98 -TO R.R. 3! 3 I 5 13 4 17 i 2H 4 2 3 28i 4 35 2 36 7143 lOl 53 3 5 is to lies. IELD D, 4 8 2 10 4 14 3 17 3 20 5 33 5 38 7 45 PT'N 1 6 5 11 5 16 ill 97 NTO inff- and 93 Sonthboro'. .. Hopkinton Framingham Natick PlTTSFIELD Shaker Village... Richmond Needham Newton Angier's Corner.. Brighton Albany and W. * bridge Railroa Canaan, N. Y. .. East Chatham Chatham Kinderhook Schodack Greenbush ALBANY. BOSTON (62) F'MSPRINOF BRATTLEBORO', Connecticut River ToCabotville*.. Willimansell.... Smith's Ferry... NORTHAMPTON. Hatfield Cold brook Barre Petersham N. New Salem... [rvingsville North field Vernon, Vt BRATTLEBORO'.. (58) FR'M WORCE TO GREENFIEI To Barre. <53) FROM FITCH TO WlLLIAMSTC To Westminster (see No. 37) .... South Gardiner .. Whately.. South Deerfield. Deerfield GREENFIELD ... Stage. Bernardston Guilford.Vt BRATTLEBORO'. * A branch extent Chicopee Falls, 2 m (63) F'M SPRINGF TO GREENFIEL Via Amherst. To Cabotville .... Willimansett S. Had ley Falls.. South Had ley .... Holyoke Place... Hadley Dana Templeton Phillipstown Athol Millington Lock's Village... South Orange .... Irvingsville. . . . GREENFIELD (59) FROM W. Bi FIELD TO N( AMPTON. To Ware, (see No. 52) Enfield. . . GREENFIELD Shelburn Shel burn Falls ... Charlemont Florida North Adams WlLLIAMSTOWN. (54) FR'M WORCE TO LOWELL To West Boylston Sterling Lancaster Shirley Village . . . Shirley Amherst Hadley NORTHAMPTON.. (60) FR'M PALME POT TO AMHER To Belchertown (see No. 52) .... AMHERST North Amherst... Sunderland Montague GREENFIELD (64) F'M NORTHAM TO ALBANY, N. ToW T . Hampton.! Norwich Chester Village.. ALBANY, (see No 52) K Forge Village Westfbrd (61) F'M SPRING TO BOSTON. Western Railro To Wilbraham... North Wilbraham Palmer Chelmsford LOWELL . (55) FR'M WORCE TO NASHUA, N Via Fitchburt To West Boylston Sterling (65) FROM BOSTO NEW YORK, Via Worcester, Spi field, Hartford* New Haven. To SPRINGFIELD, (see No. 52) .... Warren W. Brookfield.... N. Brookfield .... E. Brookfield Spencer Charlton Clappville Leominster FITCHBURG Lunenburg Groton NASHUA . . , WORCESTER .... ROUTES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 67 Hartford SrSprii Railroad. Thompsonville... Windsor Locks .. gfiela 8106 5111 611 7124 fave 81132 313 714 614 615 7160 80 tl NTO JVor- rrt. 44 ester 11 55 5 60 4 64 6 70 5 75 3 78 6 84 3 87 6 93 0103 7110 10140 16236 8118 0238 N TO and ence Providence fr Sto ton Railroad nine 8 a (70) FROM BOSTC NEW YORK Old Colony Raili Dorchester )N TO oad. 1* 4* 3i 8 3 11 oad- 8| 19 733A 74 41 12 53 181 71 wl236 HTO 17 4 21 3 24 4 28 4 32 4 36 41 40 H TO >. H5 21 27 32 33 a TO 8 17 5 22 9 30 ORD '> 6 3 11 3 17 I 20 J 30 ORD le. 39 > 65 3RD 11 Greenwich HARTFORD Wickford 6 59 7 66 6 72 7 1\ 54; 8i 25(21 NT ), Fall 24 oad. 5 29 7 36 6 42 4 56 Vail- ^ree- 1 53 tTO fina- le. ad. B 8 10 HI 18* 1 I* 40 54 56 62 66 72 75 76 79 87 92 Neponset (luincy Hartford&Newl Railroad. New Britain Berlin Richmond South Braintree. Fall River Railr N. Bridgewater. Bndgewater Middleboro' Myricks.... Charleston Westerly STONINGTON Steamboat. To NEW YORK..! (68) FROM BOSTO NEW BEDFORI Via Taunton and River Branch To Mansfield (see No. 67) .... Taunton Br. Rath Meriden Wallingford North Haven NEW HAVEN Steamboat. To NEW YORK.. (66) FROMBOSTC NEW YORK, Via Worcester, wick, JEW BEDFORD .. ] 74) F'M PLYMOUT TAUNTON. 'o Plympton liddleboro' V. Middleboro' .. 'AUNTON 75) F'M NEWBEDF TO SANDWICH. 'o Fair Haven... lattipoisett Jewett City NORWICH. 1 Allyn's Point*.... Steamboat. To Green port,NY c L. Island R. R. To NEW YORK.. * Steamboat. To New London . NEW YORK 12 (67) FROM BOSTO NEW YORK, Via Providence Stoningion. Boston and Provid Railroad. To Roxbury CJ,u i ncy 3 \. Braintree 2 W. Braintree.... 1 ^. Weymouth 3 Abington 4 5. Abington 1 Wareham Halifax 3 E. Wareham andwich 1 76) F'M NEWBEDF TO NANTUCKET Via Holmes' s Ho Steamboat. olmes's Hole . . . antucket . 2f Jamaica Plains... 1 Toll Gate 1 i 3 $1 H4 i 17i 'LYMOUTH 4 Stage. Cel River. . ; Dedham Low Pl'n 4 Ca nton 5 W Sandwich 14 Sharon 3 ANDWICH $ i21 24 ^261 ,31 i :L>i ^35 J39 II4U { j. Sandwich 1 Mansfield 3 Toby's Corner.... 2 Attleborough 4 Dodgeville 1 Perrin's Crossing. 2 Seekonk. . 4 W. Barnstable ... 4 ARNSTABLE Tarmouthport I Yarmouth . 1 7) F'M NEWBEDF TO PROVIDENCE \> N. Dartmouth Westport |4i all River 8 Dennis 3 rewster 8 rleans o PROVIDENCE 2 68 ROUTES IN RHODE ISLAND. Swansea S. Seekonk PROVIDENCE (78) FR'M TAUNTON TO SANDWICH. To Middleboro' .. S. Middleboro' . . . Wurelmm Sandwich (79) FROM BOSTON TO WOONSOCKET FALLS, R. L ToUedham W. Dedham Med field Rockville Franklin City .. Franklin WOONSOCKET FALLS 10 (80) FROM LOWELL TO NEWBURYPORT, Via, Haver hill. To Dracut , Methuen Huverhill E. Haverhill W. Amesbury... Arnesbury Salisbury Bellevilleport.... NEWBURYPORT. (81) FROM SALEM T( ROCKPORT. To Manchester...! J ! Gloucester I 7| It Rockport I 51 2. (82) FROM FALL RIVER TO NEWPORT, R. i. ToTiverton I I i Portsmouth I 31 ! NEWPORT i 91 1 (83) FR'M PROVIDENCE TO NEW BEDFORD, ) FR'M PROVIDENCE TO BOSTON. Boston and Providence Railroad. To Seekonk 2J 3 errin's Crossing. Dodgeville Attleboro'. Poby's Corner Mansfield Foxboro' Canton Dedham Low PI'.. Toll Gate Jamaica Plain ... Roxbury BOSTON -. :; 3*24 16) FR'M PROVIDENCE TO WORCESTER, Via Woonsocket Falls. To Pawtucket. . . . Lime Rock WOONSOCKET FALLS ......... Waterfbrd ....... Blackstone ....... Millville Mass. To S. Seekonk . . . N. Swansea Swansea Fuji River Westpnrt N. Dartmouth.... NEW BEDFORD .. ve .......... Uxbridge ......... Whitingville Northbridge ...... Farmersville Wilkinsonville... Milbury .......... WORCESTER ... (87) FR'M PROVIDENCE TO THOMPSON, Ct. To Fruit Hill ..... I I Greenville ........ 5 . Chepacket ....... 7 16 Thompson ....... |1 (88) FR'M PROVIDENCE TO KlLLINGLY, Ct. To N. Scituate... I ! 10 Foster ............ I 9l 19 IE. Killinsly ...... 61 25 (84) FR'M PROVIDENCE TO NEWPORT. To Barrington Bristol 6 14 4 18 Killi.igly... I 21 27 89) FR'M PROVIDENCE TO PLAINFIELD, Ct. ToS. Scituate ... Mt. Vernon Rice City . it ice ouy i if> Sterling, Ct 5 24 Plainfield I 4| 28 (90) FR'M PROVIDENCE TO N. LONDON, Ct. irisioi 4i .10 jToNatick... I I 9 'ortsmouth 6 24 ICentrevitle 2 11 hcwPORT'.. .:...' 9| 33 (Coventry ...I 2l 13 N. Greenwich... Pine Hill kand's IronW'ks lopkinton V. Stpnington,Ct. Vlystick iroton Centre Jrroton NEW LONDON ,91) FR'M PROVIDENCE TO STONINGTON.Ct. Providence & Stoning- ton Railroad. To Apponag Greenwich ^Vickford Kingston Richmond Charleston Westerly STONINGTON TJ . 18 7 25 31 7 38 4*42J 5H8 FR'M PROVIDENCE TO WlCKFORD. To Pawtucket.... I 5 Warwick | 6 11 E.Greenwich 13 14 Wickford I 8122 (93) FROM HARTFORD TO SPRINGFIELD. Hartford $ Springfield Railroad. To Windsor Windsor Locks .. Thompsonville. . . SPRINGFIELD (94) FROM HARTFORD TO NEW HAVEN. Hartford $ New Haven Railroad. \ 7 6 13 5 18 1 8 11 18 24 To New Britain.. Berlin Meriden Wallingford...... North Haven NEW HAVEN (95) FROM HARTFORD TO NEW HAVEN, Via Middletown. To Wethersfield. . Rocky Hill Up'r Middletown. .Middletown Durham Northford Fair Haven NEW HAVEN ROUTES IN CONNECTICUT. 9 (96) FROM HARTFORD TO SAYBROOK. To Mkldletown.. Higgamum Ha.idam . E. Haddam Chester. . Deep River Essex SAYBROOK (97) FROM HARTFORD TO NEW LONDON. To E.Hartford... 1 Glastonbury Marlboro' Colchester Salem . Chesterfield NEW LONDON... (98) FROM HARTFORD TO NORWICH, Via Colchester. To Colchester .... I Bozrah 1 Norwich I ( (99) FROM HARTFORD TO NORWICH. ToE. Hartford... Manchester Bolton Andover. . - Columbia Liberty Hill Lebanon Franklin Norwichtown NORWICH (100) FROM HARTFORD TO W. KlLLINGLY. To Manchester (see No. 99).... Coventry ........ S. Coventry 1*7:11: TiHimantic Windham Howard Valley... Brooklin W.Killingly (101) FROM HARTFORD TO KlLLINGLY. To Coventry . . . Mansfield Ashford Abington Pomfret Landing. Singly (102) FROM HARTFORD TO WlLBRAHAM, Ms. ToE. Windsor...! 7 Scantic Village .. 6, 13 Broad Brook | 3i 16 Somers . . . N. Somers. . _. Wilbraham | 7| (103) FROM HARTFORD TO WESTFIELD, Ms. ToBloomfield.... TaritfVille, Granby Srmthwick, Mass. Westfield, (104) FROM HARTFORD TO CANAAN. To W. Hartford. Avon. Canton Collinsville New Hartford. . . Winchester Millbrook Norfolk CANAAN 37 43 (105) FROM HARTFORD TO LlTCHFIELD. To W.Hartford.. Farmington Bristol Terrysville Plymouth Northfield LlTCHFIELD (106) F'M NORWICH WORCESTER, Ma: CH TO ".ass. Norwich <$r Worcester Railroad. To Jewett's City. Plainfield Central Village... Uanielsville Daysville Pomfret Fishersville Webster, Mass. . . Oxford ORCESTER (107) F'M NORWICH TO NEW YORK. Railroad. I I To Allyn's Point. 7 Steamboat. NEW YORK 1421149 (108) F'M NORWICH TO SPRINGFIELD, Mass. To Norwichtown. Franklin Windham Mansfield Tolland Ellington Somers E. Long Meadow. SPRINGFIELD .... 5 10| 24 6| 30 6 42 7 49 5, 54 (109) FR'M N. LONDON TO STONIN&TON. ToGroton... Pequot Mystick.. Porte rsville Mystick Bridge... STONINGTON (110) F'M NEW HAVEN TO NEW LONDON. ToE. Haven Branford Guilford Madison Clinton Westbrook SAYBROOK Lyme E. Lyme Riverhead Waterford NEW LONDON (111) F'M NEW HAVEN TO SPRINGFIELD. Hartford <& New Have*. Railroad. To North Haven . Wallingford Meriden Berlin New Britain HARTFORD Hartford &r Springjield Railroad. Windsoi 54 soi Windsor Locks .. Thompsonville ... SPRINGFIELD (112) F'M NEW HAVEN TO BOSTON, Via Springjield, (See No. 125)....! 1100 FROM NEW HAVEN TO ALBANY, N.Y., Via Springjield. To Springfield (see No. 111).... ALBANY II (113) F'M NEW HAVEN TO LlTCHFIELD. ToWestville.. Straitsville __ "Vaugatuck 3 rVaterbury 5 Watertown LlTCHFIELD 70 ROUTES IN NEW YORK. (114) F'M NEW HAVEN TO LlTCHIflELD, Via Derby. To Derby Humphreysville .. Oxford Southbury :. Wood bury Bethlehem South Farms LITCHFIELD 34 _ 37 8 45 (115) F'M NEW HAVEN TO FARMINGTON. To liamden Cheshire, 8 14 7 21 Southington..... . Plamville FARMINGTON (116) F'M NEW HAVEN TO NEW YORK, Via Bridgeport and Norwalk. (See No. 126) ....I I 78 (117) F'M NEW HAVEN TO NEW YORK. Steamboat. To Bridgeport.... I 120 NEW YORK 160| 80 (118) F'M BRIDGEPORT TO ALBA.NY, N. Y., Via West Stockbridge. Hoitsatonic R. R. To Stepney....... Bottstord Newtown Huwleyville Brookrield NEW MILFORD .. Gaylord's Bridge. Kent. Cornwall Bridge . Cornwall Canaan Mass. State Line. Berkshire and West Stockbridge R- R. Sheffield Great Barrington. Van Deusetiville . W. STOCKBRIDGE N. Y. State Line. I Albany and W. Stock- bridge Railroad. Canaan . Chatham 4 Corn's Kinderhook Schodack _ ALBANY 1 8136 (119) F'M LITCHFIELD TO W. CORNWALL. To Goshen (see No. 118) ... Cornwall W. CORNWALL.. (120) F'M LITCHFIELD TO NEW MILFORD. To Woodville.... 7 New Preston 4 11 North vi lie 4 15 NEW MILFORD... 4 19 (121) FR'M NEW YORK TO BOSTON, Via Oreenport, Nor- wich, 6 3 10 9 11 10 fi 24 id i) 11 U. 14 2i 14 11 7,6 I. 15 9j fti 1 27 33 40 44 52 54 57 61 67 70 74 80 84 97 100 101 111 11 124 127 131 133 137 142 14 1 Western Railrt Wilbraham Palmer Warren Westport Verplanck's Poinl Cnldwell's Land'g WEST POINT .... Cold Spring Cornwall Fairfield BRIDGEPORT Stratford West Brookfield . East Brookfield .. Spencer Milford NEW HAVEN (126) F'M NEW TO ALBANY. Harlem Railro To Harlem Fordham Williams' Bridge. Hunt's Bridge Tucknhoe 1 Yc ad ? I 6 2 6 5 2 5 ctei 4 5 6 6 4 7 68 78 RK & 18 an 24 "& 34 40 t? 52 ted RK 13 17 2-2 28; 34 38 45 Newburgh New Hamburgh . Milton Clappville . ... PorGHKEEPSIE.. Hyde Park . . . WORCESTER Boston and Wor Railroad. To BOSTON (see No. 121) ... (124) F'M N. Yoi ALBANY & TR Via Bridgepo Steamboat. To Bridgeport, Ct Housatonic R. R. Stepney Pelham Rhinebeck . .. Red Hook, Lower Red Hook, Upper Sangerties ^ATTSKILL HUDSON Coxsiickie Hart's Corners WHITE PLAINS . . Unionville Pleasantville New Castle Mechanicsville.. Golden 's Bridge. Croton Falls.... This road is to be e to Albany. (127) F'M NEW" TO ALBANY. To King's Bridge. Yonkers Kinderhook L'd'g \. Baltimore Joey mans Jastleton Overslaugh ALBANY Bottsford Newtown Hawleysville Srookfield ew Milford Gaylord's Bridge. Kent (129) F'M NEW' TO MONTREAI Via JUImnti, Trc Whitehall. Steamboat. To ALBANY RK 145 151 154 180 191 J01. 208 217 241 251 260 271 >:5 _W J49 i63 374 w- 389 398 RK 24 Cornwall Bridge . Cornwall Dobb's Ferry Stage. [jansiojrburgh Schagticoke Kaston Mass. State Line. Berkshire & W. bridge Railroa Sheffield, Mass. .. Great Barrington. Van Deusenville . W. Stockbridge.. N. Y. State Line. Albany fr West -4 bridge Railroa Canaan SING SING Cortlandtown Peekskill Philipsburg Fishkil! Wappinger'sCr'k POUGHKEEPSIE.. Hyde Park 9 10 7 7 6 4 54 64 71 78 84 Argyle Hartford iranville WHITEHALL Steamboat. Staatsburg Rhinebeck Red Hook Upper Red Hook. 6 6 3 5 4 8 6 3 !) 7 1 f o 2 7 94 100 iua HIS 112 120 12.; 130 133 142 149 150 RK 8 10 17 i 20 22 Jrown Point Port Henry Westport Chatham 4 Cor's . Kinderhook Schodack .. Burlington, Vt. .. Plattsburgh House's Point Isle aux Noix, Ca. St. John's Champlain # St. rence Railroa HUDSON Stockport Stuyvesant Fulls . Kinderhook Schodack Centre. ALBANY Troy and Greenbush Railroad. TROY 1 6!202 (125) F'M NEwYo TO NEW HAVEN. To Harlem RK 7 13 20 24 27 31 34 ALBANY (128) F'M NEW ' TO ALBANY. Steamboat. Manhnttanville. . . Fort Lee, N.J... Steamboat. MONTREAL | (130) F'M NEW 1 TO ALBANY. West side of the son River. Steamboat. ToPlERMONT,..! West Chester NewRochelle.... Mamaroneck Rye 6 3 4 a Port Chester Greenwich, Conn Hastings Dubb's Furry 72 ROUTES IN NEW YORK. Erie Railroad. Ramapo Monroe Works... Turner's Depot... Stage. NEWBURGH Marlboro' Milton New Paltz. Esopus .... Rondout KINGSTON Glasco .... Saugerties Maiden CATTSKILL Athens Coxsackie New Baltimore .. Coeymans ALBANY 20 8107 2109 9118 3121 3124 !i i;j:J ti i:-;n 8147 i; 153 2155 121167 (131) F'M NEW YORK TO DUNKIRK. Steamboat. ToPlERMONT JV. Y. & Erie RR. Blauveltville Sarkstown orsey's Saffern's Rarnapo. Monroe Works... Turner's Monroe Village .. Chester GOSHEN JNe,whampton Middle to wo Stage. Bloomingburg..*. Wurtsboro' Bridge ville Monticello White Lake Bethel Fosterdale Coshocton . , Damascus, Pa Rileyville Pleasant Mount . . Dimocksville Gibson NewMilford Great Bend Concklin,N. Y... BlNOHAMTON Union Campville OWEGO (see No. 136) Tioga Centre. . Smithsboro'... Barton Factory vi He... Athens, Pa. ... 8 52 57 60 65 70 74 77 Chemung ........ Baldwin .......... ELMIRA .......... Big Flats ......... E. Painted Post . . CORNING ......... Painted Post ..... Campbelltown . .. Mud Creek ....... ............ vennedysville ____ Goff's Mills ....... Howard .......... Hornellsville ..... Almond .......... Centre Almond... W. Almond ...... ANGELICA ....... Belfast ........... Caneiidea ........ Rushford ......... Parmejsville ...... Franklinville ..... Ellicottsville ..... Little Valley ..... Napoli ........... Randolph ........ Waterboro' ...... Levant ........... Jamestown ....... Vermont ........ Gerry ............. Holdenville ....... 5403 5 408 7415 5420 5103 8111 3114 5119 5124 1 123 9134 12146 6152 7159 8167 6173 9182 8190 8198 6,204 vtaj 62l7i 4221 4225 4229; Fredonia . DUNKIRK (132) F'M NEW YORK TO BARCELONA. To Jamestown (see No. 131) . . , Harmony Magnolia Maysville Westrield BARCELONA (133) F'M NEW YORK TO ROCHESTER, Via Owego, Geneseo, frc. To BATH (see No. 131) . . . 8416 7 42: J 6:421) Kennedysville Avoca Conhocton Patchin's Mills... DANSVILLE Sparta Groveland I Groveland Centre. GKNESEO South Avon Avon Rush Henrietta ROCHESTER 4290 8310 (134) F'M NEW YORK TO ITHACA, Via Pater son, JV. J., Milford, Penn. t and Honesdnlc. To Jersey City ... I I 1 Paterson and Hudson Railroad. Bergen Aquackanonck. . . PATERSON Stage. tampion . Newfoundland... Stockholm Hamburg. Deckertuwn Libertyville MILFORD, Pa. ... Darlingsville Tatlon Cherry Ridge HONESDALE Way mart Carbondale DundafF Lenox Brooklyn Montrose Forest Lake 92 8100 5105 91114 6120 8128 81136 9:145 7|152 6158 164 172 181 Friendsville Warrenham Owego, N.Y. ... Ithaca <$r Owego Rail- road. ITHACA 1291210 (134i) F'M N.YORK TO HONESDALE, Pa. Via Piermont and Go- s/ien. Steamboat fr Erie Rail- road. ToE.Middletown (see No. 131)... Mt. Hope Cuddybackville .. Forestburg Beaver Brook Narrowsburg HONESDALE 14102 10112 8120 12132 (1-35) F'M N. YORK TO WASHINGTON, D.C. Via Trenton, Philadel- phia, Wilmington, N ^O ! 1 D AJ csl 5 4 6 1 S-Y is h 8 4 1 9 SY St6 d. 1 ? ad 3 3 5 5 3 i to 6 3 8 8 2 ti TO "i Hi 28 >ON ON Are 8 13 17 23 21 TO . 6 12 16 i 24 33 TO 1 cfe- !8 16 1 1 41 44 49 54 % 65 75 81 84 92 100 102 108 111 117 127 131 TRENTON Morrisville, Pa. .'.] Philadelphia #7V Railroad. Bristol * To Ithaca (as above) S. Egremont, Ms. GR. BARRINGTON (142) FROM Ht TO NEW LED SPRINGS. Hudson # Ber) Railroad. ToMellenville... Ghent i i Stas fi" Jacksonville Trumansburg Covert Steamboat. PHILADELPHIA... Philadelphia, Wilv to?i, <$ Baltimore Gray's Ferry 3 Farmer. . . Lodi Ovid Romulus Chester 4 Varick West Fayette GENEVA Chatham 4Cor's.. Stage. New Lebanon... . NEW LEBANON SPRINGS Marcus' Hook... 3 Naaman's Creek 2 WILMINGTON... 8 Newport 4 (137) FR'M PEEK TO DANBURY, To Yorktown Somers .... Stanton 2 (143) FR'M ALBA PITTS FIELD, M To Schodack Cen- tre Newark 6 Elkton 6 Northeast 6 Charlestown 3 Salern . . . N. Salem Havre de Grace . 1 Hall's X Roads.. 5 Ferryman's 3 Gunpowder 8 Harewood 2 DANBURY Nassau Brainard's Bridge Motfit's Store .... New Lebanon NEW LEBANON (138) F'M SINO Si PAWLINO'S. To Pine's Bridge. Chase's 1 Stemmer's Run . 5 Canton.. 7 PlTTSFIELD Owensville 2 8 3 EP c 6 4 2 7 3 3 6 CE lo g 2 3 18 26 3S 86 3IE k 5 11 15 17 j 30 36 EP- ^N- 7 12 15 17 f ->0 (144) FR'M ALBA BOSTON. ToGreenbush.... Albany Amenia . . 5 3 2 5 2:, 28 30 34 39 Wilbraham ... N. Wilbraham... Palmer Leeds ville Amenia Union... Sharon, Ct W. CORNWALL.. Warren W.Brookfield.... 74 ROUTES IN NEW YORK. S. Brookfield ..... E. Brookfield ..... Spencer .......... Cnarlton ......... Chippville ........ WORCESTER Boston and Worcester Railroad. Grafton .......... Westboro* ........ Southboro' ....... Hopkinton ....... Framingham ..... Natick ........... Needham ......... ewton .......... Angler's Corner. . Brighton ......... BOSTON ......... 2 L38 51 143 4147 9il56 6|- 6' 168 4172 4 176 :>> 17< 4 !*:i 4187 -1 !!! 2193 L' 193 5200 (145) FR'M ALBANY TO BENNINGTON, Vt. To Troy Lansingburg .... Raymertown Pittstown Hoosick BENNINOTON.... (146) FR'M ALBANY TO LAKE GEORGE, Via Saratoga Springt and Glenn's Falls. Mohawk and Hudson Railroad. ToSCHENECTADYl I 16 Saratoga & Schenecta- dy Railroad. Burnt Hills Ballston Centre... BaJkton SARATOGA SP'GS. Stage. Wilton Fortsville. GLENN'S FALLS . Caldwell (at the foot of Lake George) (147) FR'M ALBANY TO SARATOGA SPRINGS AND WHITEHALL, Via Troy. ToTROY I I Rcnsselaer 42i 6218 Lewis Keeseville Peru.. PLATTSBURGH. . . Rouse's Point.... LaColle, Can Napierville Douglassville St. Philip La Prairie Across St. Law- rence to MONTREAL . (150) F'M ALBANY TO BUFFALO. Mohawk and Hudson Railroad. To Schenectady . . I I lb 9233 Utica and Schenectady Railroad. Hoffman's Cranes vi lie.. Amsterdam Tribe's Hill Fonda Spraker's Palatine Bridge .. Fort Plain Palatine Church.. St. Johnsville .... Little Falls Herkimer Schuyler UTICA Syracuse &r Utica Rail- rond. Whitesboro' .. Onsskany 94 .'erona Centre Oneida Depot . Wampsville. . . Canastota Chittenango... Manlius SYRACUSE .... Auburn and Syracuse Railroad. 3 97 4101 7108 9117 4121 3124 3127 6133 4137 10147 Geddes Camillus EJbridge Skaneatelas June. Sennet AUBURN Auburn and Roch< Railroad. 2149 155 4168 5173 Cayuga Bridge... Seneca Falls Waterloo GENEVA Oak's Corners E, Vienna VV. Vienna Clifton Springs... Short's Mills Chnpinsville Canaiulaigua 10183 199 ,204 3207 1208 3 211 3 219 3222 231 12 243 4247 Victor Pittsford Brigliton ROCHESTER Tonaicanda Railri Churehville " Bergen Byron Batavia Alexander ATTICA.... Attica fr Buffalo Rail- road. 412,1 \&, 4.269 7:-T, 7288 8291 Dnrieti Alden I .;.ii.-;,.>ler BUFFALO 61300 5305 101315 ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 75 SCHKNECTADI Schenectady and Railroad. ToSdlENECTADY (152) FROM TRO WHITEHALL. To Lansingburgh. Junction r. Troy 1 20 Y TO 6 1( 4 14 7 21 8 29 5 34 6 40 1 51 9 60 8 68 ir TO >. 7 11 3 14 8J 22 a 25 TO t. 6 4 10 6 16 4 20 4 24 5 29 6 35 t> 41 B 47 B 55 9 64 $ 72 7 7& [Jl49 r TO and 9 3 15 1 19 * 25 1 29 5 35 Bridgewater S angerfield 5 7 7 80 9 89 7 % 7103 410 6113 211o 21F 3120 5J125 Y TO ( 6 15 6 21 6 27 5 32 5 37 5 42 5 47 6 53 5 58 4 62 7 69 6 75 9 84 Yonkers Fort Lee, N. J. .. Manhnttanville. .. NEW YORK (158) FR'M CATTS TO CANAJOHAR To Leeds. 3128 7135 21137 81143 KILL IE. 4 6 10 7 17 6 23 2 25 4 29 4 33 9 42 5 47 8 55 10 65 4 69 7 76 KILL 6 10 3 13 3 16 6 22 5 27 2 29 6 35 4 39 8 47 4 51 4 55 5 60 7 67 7 74 7 81 9 90 1 91 5 96 7103 7 HO 3113 6119 8122 4 126 4 1,90 3 '33 1144 6150 3153 &L3 RGH t 2 7 9 2 11 5 16 4 20 Madison MORRISVILLE Nelson Cazenovia Oran . Manlius Fayetteville De Witt Cairo Schagticoke SYRACUSE Winansville Greenwich N. Greenwich tgyle (156) FR'M ALBATS BlNGHAMTON To Guilderland .. Knowersville Oakhill Preston Hollow. . . Livingstonville... Middlebury rtford 1 Granville HITEHALL (153) FROM TRO 1 HANCOCK, Mas To Wynant's Kill! Sand Lake Schoharie Gallupsville SCHOHARIK fanchkiil Cobleskill Root Spraker's Basin . . CANAJOHARIE ... (159) FR'M CATTS TO ITHACA, Via Delhi. To Leeds itichmondville ... Sast Worcester . . Alps Stephentown Maryland (154) FROM TROTI BURLINGTON, V Via Castleton. To Troy.. Colliersville )neonto Unadilla 94 2106 6112 Acra Jtdnbridge '. S. Bainbridge S. Durham Jnion Society Windham Scienceville Lansingburgh Junction Tomhannock. Prospect Hi 11 Buskirk's Bridge. iarpersville 2120 Colesville 3123 0.133 t TO 3 5 8 4 12 2 14 4 18 3 21 8 29 5 34 44 1 4;> 3 48 7 55 6 61 4 65 6 71 4 75 3 78 B 84 4 88 3 91 2 93 B101 4 105 7 Hi' ; IIH UL'l 21123 J rattsville BlNGHAMTON 157) FR'M ALBAN NEW YORK. Overslaugh Mooresville Stamford lobart Jackson . . S. Kortwright ?loomville Salem Hebron Cranville.... Coeymans W. Meredith W. Poultney.Vt.. Castleton BURLINGTON (see No. 39).... 17 (155) F'M ALBANY SYRACUSE, Via. Cherry Valley Morrisville. So Guilderland .. unnsville Duanesburg STew Baltimore... underhook Unadilla HUDSON Sidney Plains Bainbridge Jattskill Saugerties 1 Coventry vilte Upper Red Hook, jower Red Hook. Rhinebeck ireene . . . Geneganslet ^riangle Vhitney's Point. Pelham. . . Hyde Park POUGHKEEPSIE.. Milton Richford Slounsville Carlisle New Hamburgh.. ^Jewburgh Slatersville THACA Sharon .. j ;ji J 42 J 45 > 51 1 55 3 57 J 60 L 64 "old Spring West Point 160) F'M NEWBU TO GOSHEN. ""o New Windsor. Salisbury Mills... Blooming Grove. . Hamptonburg GOSHEN ... Sharon Springs .. Leesville ?aldwell's L'd'g. r erpla nek's Pt. .. iiNG SING ^arrytown 'iermont Dobb's Ferry CHERRY VALLEY ( E. Springfield .... * Springfield \ Warren { -Bichfield Springs. < 76 ROUTES IN NEW YORK. TO BARCELON (Lake Erie.) To Coldenham . . . Montgomery Bullville Bloomingburg ... Barcelona (see No. 131)... 3 (162) F'M AMSTE TO NORTHVILI To Perth 6 8 3 49 ID E. 4 4 5 6 3 TT ro 4 3 3 3 5 3 A BO 4 4 14 6 5 6 12 20 23 372 AM 11 16 25 4 LE N. 8 11 15 18 21 29 TO R. 9 13 17 31 37 42 OGDENSBURG (166) FROM Row TURIN. To W. Branch . . . W. Leyden Constablesville... Turin (see No. 164)... (167) FROM Row OSWEGO. To McConnells- ville 7 E 9 6 5 E 7 5 6 13 4 5 6 ,1 126 TO 10 lit 25 30 TO 14 21 a ; 32 45 41) 54 60 64 TO 2 10 14 18 24 27 30 38 44 49 63 70 79 86 92 99 m 133 RG 8 18 27 35 46 52 60 68 73 80 92 105 132 TO CAPE VINCE To Brownsville . . Limerick Chaumont Three-mile Bay .. Cape Vincent (171) F'M SACK HARBOR TO FONT'S MANOR. ToSmithville... Belleville Ellisburg N'l i 4 8 r i'l I SE 3 6 6 9 11 30 7 6 6 5 4 5 5 Q 4 8 14 18 26 r's JR- 6 16 19 TO 2 11 17 TO 6 13 19 25 30 33 44 49 58 70 TO da. 45 85 105 117 137 139 149 TO 18 30 60 100 120 138 139 145 Broadalbin Union Mills Northampton Osborne's Bridge. Northville Pierpont's Manor. (172) F'M SYRACU OSWEGO. To Salina Camden. . W. Camden Williamstown ... Union Square Mexico FROM FONDA TO JOHNSTOWN ... (163) FROM Li FALLS TOTREN' To Eatonville Fairrield.. .. Liverpool Clay New Haven Scriba Phoenix Fulton (168) F'M SYRACUSE OGDENSBURG, Via Watertown. ToSalina (173) FR'M OSWE ROCHESTER To N. Sterling... Little Sodus Middleville Newport . pohmS.. ::::::::: Trenton Falls .... Cicero Brewerton 4 4 6 3 3 8 6 5 7 7 9 6 7 7 6 10 11 BL IG 10 9 8 11 6 8 8 5 7 12 13 27 Red Creek Wolcott (164) FROM Unc SACKETT'S HAR To S. Trenton . . . Trenton Central Square. . . Hastings . ... Huron Port Glasgow .... Alton Colosse Union Square Richland Sandy Creek Sodus Williamson Remsen Webster Booneville Adlims' 1 & ROCHESTER 12 (174) F'M OSWEGO OGDENSBURG, Via Kingston, Cana Steamboat. To Sackett's Har- bor . Leyden A liner Turin Houseville 4 3 3 6 7 6 6 4 8 A , 6 5 5 6 8 46 50 53 56 62 (ill 75 81 85 93 TO 62 73 92 97 103 111 Evans's Mills Philadelphia Antwerp Oxbow Marti nsburg Lowville Stow's Square . . . DENMARK Rossie Champion Rutland Watertown Brownville Hammond Morristown OGDENSBURG (169) F'M OGDENS TO PLATTSBUI To Lisbon . ... Kingston, Canada French Creek 10 20 20 2 10 GtO 20 1 6 SACKETT'S HAR- BOR Brockville, Can. . Morristown....;.. OGDENSBURG (175) FR'M OSWE LEWISTON. Steamboat. To Sodus Bay.... Pultneyville Genesee River Oak Orchard C'k. Olcott (165) FROM UTIC OGDENSBURG Via JDenmarf To Denmark (see No. 164) ... Waddington Madrid .. Norfolk . Massena Racket River Hogansburg Fort Covington .. W. Constable .... E. Constable Chateaugay Ellenburg PLATTSBURGH. . . Wilna. g Antwerp . Somerville Gouverneur Richville. Fort Niagara Youngstown LEWISTON DeKalb.... ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 77 (176) FROM PALATINE BRIDGE TO BINGHAM- TON, Via Cooperstown. To Canajoharie . . Buel Cherry Valley .... Cooperstown HartwickSemin'y 10 Miltord Colliersville iilNGHAMTON (see No, 156)... 64 113 (177) FROM UTICA TO BlNGHAMTON. To W. Hartford.. 1 Paris Waterville Madison Bouckville Hamilton Earleville Sherburne N. Norwich Norwich Qxf.rl S.Oxford Greene Chenango Forks.. BlNGHAMTON (178) FROM UTICA TO ITHACA, Via Cortland Village. To New Hartford. Clinton Peansville Oriskany Falls... Madison Bouckville Eaton Erieville New Woodstock. De Ruyter Cuyler Truxton Homer CORTLAND VIL- LAGE McLean Dryden ITHACA (179) FROM ITHACA TO BAINBRIDGE. To Sauquoit , Paris Furnace.... Bridgewater W. Edmeston... New Berlin Mt. Upton 16 BAINBRIDGE 13 (180) FROM UTICA TO COOPERSTOWN. To Frankfort Hill Litchfield Columbia Richfield Springs. Oakville. COOPERSTOWN .. (181) FROM COOPERS- TOWN TO ITHACA. To Burlington Edmeston Sherburne Otselic De Ruyter ITHACA (see No. 178) ... (182) FROM RAILROAD DEPOT TO N. WOOD- STOCK. To Chittenango ., Cazenovia New Woodstock (see No. 178) ... (183) F'M SYRACUSE TO ITHACA, Via Cortland Village. To Onondaga Hol- low Cardiff Tally Homer Cortland ITHACA (see No. 178)... (184) F'M SYRACUSE TO SKANEATELES. ToGeddes Camillus Elbridge Skaneateles June. SKANEATELES ... (185) FR'M AUBURN TO ITHACA. To Fleming The Square Scipioville Poplar Ridge.... Ledyard King's Ferry .... Lansingville Ludlowville ITHACA (186) FR'M AUBURN TO OSWEGO. To Sennet Weedsport Cato Ira Hannibal f Kinney's Corners. (187) FROM GENEVA TO ITHACA. To W. Fayette... Ovid Farmersville Trumansburg ITHACA (188) FROM GENEVA TO ELMIRA & CORNING. Steamboats on Seneca Lake. To Salubria*....! Stage. Havanna. Millport... Fairport. . . ELMIRA... * To Salubria.... 1 W. Catlin | . Hornby j 5 CORNING (189) FROM GENEVA TO BATH. To Benton Penn Yan Barrington Wayne Urbanna Cold Spring Mills BATH (190) FROM GENEVA TO CONHOCTON. ToGorham Rushville [Middlesex I 10 15 20 Naples ... N. Conhocton CONHOCTON 51 40 (191) FROM GENEVA TO OSWEGO. To Junius Marengo . Clyde Rose Wolcott... DSWEGO (see No. 173)... .8 19 24 31 25 56 192) F'M CANANDAIGUA TO ERIE, Pa. Via Geneseo,Franklin- ville, < Jamestown. I D To Bristol I I 8 16 Allen's Hill 5 13 1 22 1 W.Richmond....! 3l 16 78 ROUTES IN NEW YORK. Livonia .. Lakeville GENESEO Moscow Perry Castile E. Pike Pike Centreville Fairview Farmersville Franklinville ELLICOTTSVILLE Little Valley Napoli Randolph Waterboro' Levant JAMESTOWN Harmony Panama Clymer Wattsburg, Pa... ERIE (193) F'M ROCHE; TO OLEAN. To Henrietta Rush Avon S. Avon Geneseo Mt. Morris Brook's Grove ... Nunda Valley.... Grove Allen Angelica Hobbieville Friendship Cuba Hinsdale OLEAN 7100 8108 5113 6119 5124 129 ,137 6143 10153 n!63 181 ISTER 5 12 20 6 _ 6 65 5 70 5 75 8 83 7 90 6 96 (194) F'M ROCHESTER TO Moscow. ToO'Connellsville Scolsville Wheatland Caledonia Fork. Greigsville Moscow (195) F'M ROCHESTER TO NIAGARA FALLS, Via Lockport. To Adam's Basin. Krockport Holley Halburton Albion Knowlesville .... Medina Shelby Basin Middleport | 31 46 Reynold's Basin.. LOCKPORT I 9| 58 Lockport and Niagara Falls RR. Pekin Junction Lewis- ton RR.* 6| 76 NIAGARA FALLS. 6| 82 * 3 miles from Junction to Lewiston. Rochester to Lew- 1 iston I | 79 FROM ROCHESTER TO LOCKPORT, On the north road. I I 64 (196) F'M ROCHESTER TO CHARLOTTE. To Hanford's Landing Charlotte ... 3 (197) F'M BATAVIA TO LOCKPORT. ToOakfield Alabama Royalton t LOCKPORT '.'.'.'.'.'.'. (198) F'M BATAVIA TO BUFFALO. To E. Pembroke , Pembroke , Newstead , Clarence , VVilliamsville Elysville BUFFALO (199) F'M BUFFALO TO YOUNGSTOWN, Via Niagara Falls. Buffalo and Niagara Falls RR. Sheldon Johnsonburg Orangeville Warsaw Perry Moscow GENESEO (201) F'M BUFFALO TO OLEAN. To Hamburg . . Boston . Springfield Ashford EHicottsville Great Valley Chapelsburg Burton OLEAN (202) F'M BUFFALI ERIE, Pa. To Hamburg (on the Lake) E. Evans Evans Irving Silver Creek Sheriden FREDONIA Salem X Roads . . Portland Westfield Ripley Northvilie, Pa. .. Vortheast l : rbor Creek .... estleyville ..... 12 7 19 4 23 8 31 3 34 4 38 8 7 To Black Rock .., Tonawanda 8 NIAGARA FALLS . 11 Lockport and Niagara Falls RR. To Junction Lew- iston RR Lewiston Stage. YOUNGSTOWN . . . 3 31 37 ) F'M BUFFALO TO GENESEO. To E. Hamburg-.f 112 WilJink 6 18 Wales I 6124 3 74 78 83 87 !RIE 4 91 F'M BUFFALO TO CHICAGO, Via Cleveland, Detroit, and Mackinac. Steamboat. To Dunkirk.... 'ortland "RIE, Pa .. Conneaut, Ohio Ashtabnla Grand River... CLEVELAND... Black River... Huron Sandusky DETROIT, Mich Fort Gratiot Point auBarques Thunder Baylsl. Presque Isle MACKINAC Manitou Island. MlLWAUKIE, Wis Racine Southport CHICAGO, 111. . . 121 135 165 195 222 242 252 327 399 474 103 571042 ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 79 (204) F'M PLAT- TO OGDENSB ToEllenburg... Chateaugay.. .. Malone rsBUR URG. 2 . 13 < . 12 5 Auburn and Rot Railroad. Brighton Pittsford Victor hestei 4 1\ 4 & 12 94 910S 3 lOfc 310JJ 5114 3117 1118 3121 N Chittenango Canastota... 41192 ctady 8239 7246 6 252 10262 3265 3271 3274 8282 6288 5293 4297 3300 9309 dson LSI325 MON. EC. W 45 J8 83 7 90 55115 JO 135 5 150 J2172 8180 EBBO o. 99 5 55 5 80 5105 15140 ol75 5220 0290 0360 5425 0435 0465 5490 5545 8573 4607 3650 0710 01750 ulsio Wampsville Oneida Depot Verona Centre . . . Rome Oriskany Bangor Dickinson . 5 5 . 7 6 Canandaigua Chapinsvflle Nicholville Hopkinville Parishville . 9 7 . 2 7 . 7 8 | Short's Mills CJiflnn Springs... W. Vienna E. Vienna Oak's Corners i GENEVA Whitesboro' UTICA Utica and Schene Railroad. Schuyler . . . Potsdam . 9 9 Canton . . . 11 1n OGDENSBURG 18 12( (205) FROM BUFFALO TO ALBANY. Attica $ Buffalo Rail- road. To Lancaster....! 1 1( Alden |lO| 2( Waterloo.... Uerkimer. . . . Seneca Falls Cayuga Bridge... AUBURN Auburn and Syr Railroad. Sennet Skaneateles June. Elbridge Camillus Geddes 4137 5142 10152 acuse 5157 4161 1162 8170 6176 21178 Rail. 101188 ^.N. 11 ao 4 49 J--j 74 35 99 H 12 JO' 147 0157 1 H 1 9220 1I251 6I397 TO v 8(100 rge. fi!96 Little Falls St. Johnsville Palatine Church. . Fort Plain Palatine Bridge .. Spraker's Darien ATTICA 5 2c . I 6| 31 Ponda Tribe's Hill Tonawanda Rai Alexander Iroad. 3 34 Amsterdam Jranesville Hoffman's. Byron as 7 56 4 60 141 74 ou TALO N. . 1 20 *nston 31 23 1 24 61 30 ARA EAL. 1 9 7! 16 36 52 55 117 7124 10 234 33297 12309 50359 11400 14414 24438 91447 VfON ORK. 1 9 15! 24 SYRACUSE Syracuse <- Utica road. Manlius 1 Schenectady Mohawk and Hi Railroad. ALBANY |] Bergen ... . Churchville ROCHESTER .... R (205 i.) FROM Bu TO QUEKNSTO Steamboat. ToChippewa... Ckippewi ($- Qwe< Railroad. Niagara Fails.. Drummondnlle. Uueenston (205 ii.) NIAG JbALLa TO MONTH ,_ Railroad. lo Lewiston Steamboat Fort George, Ca. TORONTO Port Hope TES IN C^ Steamboat. Isle au Noix Rouses Pt. N. Y. Pittsburgh 5 BuRLINGT'N.Vt- 5 West Port, N.Y.JS Crown Point ' ; Ticonderoga*. .. Whitehall;.....: i SARATOGA Sp's. c Railroad. Trov 1 ' 4.DA. (205 iv.) FROM TREAL TO QUEB Varennes I William Henry.. St. Francis...;.. , Three Rivers St. Anne. -j Richelieu Rapids 5 Cape Smite Cope Rouge QUEBEC Steamboat. NEW YORK 114 FROM MONTREAL SARATOGA via Lake Georg *ToTiconderoga (HS above).... Alexandria Steamboat LakeGe( Caldwell 3 (205 v.) FROM Qu TO HALIFAX, N. Steamer. Cape Tourment. The Pillars i Mai Bay S KINGSTON 1 Brockville Cornwall, Can.. Coteau du Lac.. Pilgrim Islands.. 5 TABOUSAC g Bid... Mitis Harbor.... 4 Cape Chat 1 JapeMagdelaine 7 Jape Rosiere f Jape Gaspe ] Jape D'Espoir 3 say of Cluileurs 2 MirirnichiBay.. 5 Richibucto Har. 2 bhediac Hurbor. 3 iay Verte 4 'iCTOU... (J Luchine SARATOGA Sp's. 27 223 FROM MONTREAL TO NEW YORK, To Saratoga, Springs, (as above.)....! 1220 Railroad. Schenectady ....I 22i242 Albany J 1 6 |258 Steamboat. Navv YORK ....11451403 Stage. MONTREAL (205 in.) FROM TREAL TO NEW Y Steamboat To La Prairie...! Champlain <$ St. r , rence Railroad fct. Johns | j Stage. Truro 4 HALIFAX t> DESCRIPTION OF THE CENTRAL STATES, THE PRINCIPAL CITIES, TOWNS, WATERING-. PLACES, &c. NEW JERSEY lies between 39 and 41 24' N lat., and between 74 and 75 29' W. Ion. It is 163 miles long and 52brond, containing 8,320 square miles. ^ Population in 1840,373,306. v The northern part of the state is mountainous, being * crossed by a branch of the Alleghany ridge ; the mid- dle portion is agreeably diversified by hills and valleys, ^z?? while the southern part is level, sandy, and mostly covered with pines and a scanty growth of shrub oaks. The northern and mid- passes through a bay 01 the same name, ana enters into the Atlantic. The principal bays are Newark and Raritan ; Delaware bay is on its southeastern border. It has two important capes, viz., Cape May, on wic , establ ssau nail, lounaea in i/oo, unu rvuiger B v^onege, in i\ew isruns- ;k, founded in 1770, with which is connected a Theological Seminary, __.ablished in 1784, by the Dutch Reformed Church. There are in the state about 70 academies and 1,250 common schools. The government is vested in a governor, senate, and general assembly, 'he senators are elected for three years, and the assembly are elected by the senate and assembly for five years. STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 81 The first settlement of New Jersey, was by the Dutch about 1614. On the 19th of Dec., 1787, in convention, it adopted the constitution of the United States by a unanimous vote. TRENTON, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of the Delaware, and at the head of steamboat navigation, and is 59 miles from New York. The city is regularly laid out, and has many handsome public and private buildings. It contains a state-house, 2 banks, the State library, state prison, a city-hall, a lyceum, 11 churches, 4 academies, and 6,000 in- habitants. The town was first settled in 1720, and is memorable for the " Battle of Trenton," fought Dec. 25, 1776, when the enemy were routed by the forces under Washington. Cars leave twice daily for N. York, (fare $2,) for Philadelphia, (fare $1.50.) St ages leave 3 1 im.es a wcekfor Mansfield. PRINCETON, distant 50 miles from New York, is pleasantly situated and neatly built. Population 2,100. It contains 4 churches, a bank, and the buildings of the College of New Jersey. This in- stitution was first incorporated in 1746. Nassau Hall, the princi- pal edifice, is 176 feet long, 50 feet wide, and 4 stories _ ^ : ^__.^_,,._ _ high. It has a president and 12 professors or other instructors, 2,183 alumni, 263 students, and 12,000 volumes in its libraries ; it has also a valuable philosophical, astronomical, and chemical apparatus, a min- eralogical cabinet, and a museum of natural history. The commence- ment is on the last Wednesday in September. The Princeton Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church, located here, has 5 professors, 120 students, and 7,000 volumes in its libraries. Its buildings are commodious. Cars leave the Princeton depot twice daily for Philadelphia and for New York. Stages leave daily for Long Branch, via Freehold. NEW BRUNSWICK is situated on the right bank of the Raritan river, 31 miles from New York. It contains a court-house, jail, eight churches, two banks, and 8,693 inhabitants. It is the seat of Rutger's College, founded in 1770, which has a president, 9 professors or other instructors, 483 alumni, 85 students, and 1,200 volumes in its libraries. The com- mencement is on the fourth Wednesday in July. Connected with the college is a Theological Department, under the Dutch Reformed Church. Cars leave twice daily for New York, (fare 50 cts. ,*) and for Philadelphia steamboats daily for New York stages 3 times a week for Easton, Pa. RAHWAY, situated on both sides of Rahway river, 5 miles from its mouth, contains 5 churches, the Rahway Female Institute, an academy, a bank, several manufacturing establishments, and 4,500 inhabitants. Cars leave three times daily for New York, and twice for Philadelphia. ELIZABETHTOWN, 5 miles from Newark, has a court-house, a bank, 5 churches, 4 academies, and 2,500 inhabitants. Cars leave several times daily for New York, and for Somerville. SOMERVILLE, on the north side of Raritan river, is mostly built on one street, and contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and about 1,500 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for New York via Elizabcthport. Stages leave daily for Easton, Pa. 4* 82 STATE OF NEW JERSEY. NEWARK is situated on the right bank of Passaic river, 3 miles from its entrance into Newark bay, and 9 miles from New York. It contains a court-house, 3 banks, 25 church- es, two libraries, two literary and scientific associa- tions, 6 academies, and 17,290 inhabitants. Two large public grounds, bordered with trees, add much to the beauty of the place. The city is abundantly supplied with pure water from a spring two miles distant. Cars leave 9 times daily for New York, (fare 25 cts. ) and twice for Philadelphia, and also for Morristown. Jl steamboat plies to New York. JERSEY CITY, opposite to the city of New York, is beautifully situated on the right bank of the Hudson, and contains 5 churches, several manu- factories, and about 4,000 inhabitants. The New Jersey railroad com- mences here, and in connection with other railroads extends to Camden, opposite Philadelphia. The Paterson and Hudson railroad extends to Paterson. The Morris canal also terminates here. In the war of the Revolution, Powles Hook (as the place was then called) was occupied as an outpost of the British army. It was surprised by Major Lee, on the night of the 18th of August, 1779, and 159 prisoners taken. Steamboats ply to New York every few minutes daily. HOBOKEN is one mile north from Jersey City. The village has a church and about 500 inhabitants. The grounds along the bank of the Hudson have been laid out in gravelled walks, and embowered with shrubbery for the distance of two miles, terminating at a beautiful lawn called the Elysian Fields. Hoboken is much frequented in summer. Steamboats ply every few minutes daily between it and the city of New York, at three different ferries. PATERSON is situated on the right bank of the Passaic river, at the falls. It contains a court-house, 14 churches, two banks, a philosophical society with a library, an academy, several extensive cotton and other manu- factories, and about 9,000 inhabitants. The river has here a perpen- dicular descent of 70 feet, which was formerly a very picturesque and in- teresting cascade ; the effect however has been much diminished, by the waters having been drawn off from the river above in race-ways, to propel machinery. Cars arrive and depart twice daily for New York. Stages leave 3 times a week for Mil ford, Pa. HACKENSACK, situated on the right bank of Hackensack river, 14 miles from New York, contains a court-house, four churches, 2 academies, 2 seminaries, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for New York. ACQUACKANONCK, 12 miles from N. Y., has 3 churches, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. Blachley's Mineral Spring is H miles from the village. MORRISTOWN, situated on an elevated plain, 22 miles from Newark, ia laid out in streets crossing each other at right angles, with a square in the centre of the village. It contains a court-house, two banks, five churches, an academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Morristown was at two different periods the head-quarters of the American army during the Revolution. Cars leave daily for New York. Stages leave 3 times a week for Milford, and also for Easton, Pa. t via Schooley's Mountain. STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 83 Schooley's Mountain is eighteen miles from Morristown. The Mineral Spring, which is on the western declivity of the eminence, in a deep ^ defile, contains muriate of soda, muriate of lime, | muriate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, car- I bonate of magnesia, silex, and carbonated oxyde ? of iron. The pure air and the picturesque sce- p^ nery of this region render it a healthful and '-* pleasant place of summer resort. SOUTH AMBOY is situated on the right bank of the Uaritan river, at its entrance into Raritan bay. The village has an academy and about twenty- five dwellings. Here commences the Camden aixl Amboy railroad. (See route 207.) AMBOY, on the north side of the river, contains four churches, two academies, several manufacturing establishments, and about one thousand five hundred inhabitants. Steamboats ply daily to New York. FREEHOLD, built upon a plain a little elevated above the surrounding country, has a court-house, 5 churches, two academies, and about 600 inhabitants. This village will ever be memorable in American history as the scene of one of the most sanguinary battles of the Revolution, fought June 28, 1778. Long Branch on the sea-shore, 18 miles east from Freehold, is a popular watering-place, much frequented. Steamboats ply daily to New York, and a line of stages run to Philadelphia. BORDKNTOWN is on the left bank of the Delaware river, at the head of steamboat navigation. This village is situated on the brow of a hill, and affords a magnificent view of the river and surrounding country. It contains 4 churches, a female seminary, and about 1,800 inhabitants. Cars pass through daily for New York and Philadelphia. BURLINGTON, pleasantly situated on the left bank of the Delaware, 19 miles from Philadelphia, contains a city-hall, an arsenal, a Jyceum, an hospital, a bank, 7 churches, a public library, two seminaries, and 3,200 inhabitants. Cars pass daily from New York and from Philadelphia. MOUNT HOLLY is situated at the foot of an eminence of the same name on the Rancocus creek, 7 miles from Burlington. It contain a court-house, 7 churches, a bank, a seminary, several extensive manufactories, and 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Burlington and for Bordentown. Cape Island, near Cape May, 85 miles from Philadelphia, is a favorite watering-place. There are here several hotels and boarding- houses. In the summer months this island isi thronged with visitors, for the purpose of en-| joying the luxury of sea-bathing. A steam-l boat (in summer) plies daily to Philadelphia. CAMDEN, on the Delaware, opposite the city of Philadelphia, is the starting point of the cars for New York on the Camden and Amboy rail- road, and is connected with Philadelphia by several ferries. It contains a bank, 5 churches, several extensive manufacturing establishments, and about 4,000 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for New York, (fare $3.) Stages leave daily for Cape Island via Woodbury, Salem, Bridgeton, #c. WOODBURY, 9 miles from Philadelphia, is pleasantly situated on Wood- bury creek, and has a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, two public libraries, and about 1 ,000 inhabitants. SALEM, situated on a stream of the same name, is 34 miles from Phila- delphia. It has a court-house, 8 churches, a bank, two public libraries, a lyceum, an academy, and about 2,200 inhabitants 84 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. PENNSYLVANIA, lies between 39o 43' and 42* I N. lat, and between 74 and 80 40' W. Ion. It is 307 miles long and 160 broad, containing 46,000 square miles. The population in 1840, was 1,724,033. The Alleghany Mountains cross the state from SW. ' to NE., and there are many smaller ranges on each side of the principal ridge and parallel to it. The southeastern and northwestern parts of the state are either level or moderately hilly. The soil is generally good, and much of it is of a superior quality ; the best land in the southeast is on both sides of the Susque- hanna. Between the head waters of the Alleghany and Lake Erie, the soil is very fertile. The anthracite coal region ia immerwe. The Mauch Chunk, Schuylkill, and Lyken's Valley coal-field extends from the Lehigh river, across the head waters of the Schuylkill, and is 65 miles in length, with an average breadth of about 5 miles. The Lackawanna coal-field extends from Carbondale, on the Lackawannack, to ten miles below Wilkesbarre, on the Sus- quehanna. The Shamokin field has been less explored. The Delaware river washes the entire eastern border of the state, and is navigable for ships to Philadelphia. The Lehigh, after a course of 75 miles, enters it at Easton. The Schuylkill, 130 miles long, unites with it 6 miles below Philadelphia. The Susquehanna is a large river, which rises in New York, flows south through this state, and enters the Chesa- peake bay, in Maryland. It is much obstructed by falls and rapids. The Juniata rises among the Alleghany Mountains, and after a course of 180 miles, enters the Susquehanna 11 miles above Harrisburg. The Alle- ghany river, 400 miles long from the north, and the Monongahela, 300 miles long, unite at Pittsburg, and form the Ohio. The Youghiogeny is a small river which flows into the Monongahela. The governor is chosen by the people for three years, but cannot hold the office more than 6 years in 9. He must be 30 years of age, and have resided in the state for seven years. The senate consists of 33 members, elected by the people for three years, one third being chosen annually. A member must be 25 years of age, and have resided four years in the state, and the last year in the district in which he is chosen. The house of representatives consists of 100 members, elected annually by the people. A member must be 21 years of age, have resided in the state three years next preceding his election, and the last year in the dis- trict for which he is chosen. All judicial officers are appointed by the governor, with the advice and consent of the senate. The judges of the Supreme Court hold their offices for 15 years ; those of the Court of Common Pleas hold theirs for 10 years ; and the associate judges of the STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 85 Court of Common Pleas hold theirs for five years. The secretary of state is appointed by the governor, and holds office during his pleasure. The treasurer is elected annually by the joint-ballot of both houses of the legislature. Every white male citizen of the age of 21 years, who has re- sided in the state for one year next preceding an election, and ten days in the district where he offers his vote, and has paid a state or county tax, enjoys the right of suffrage. The legislature meets annually at Harrisburg on the first Tuesday in January. The principal literary institutions are the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia ; Girard College, do. ; Dickenson College, Carlisle ; Jeffer- son College, Cannonsburg ; Washington College, Washington ; Alleghany College, Meadville ; Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg ; Lafayette College, Easton ; Marshall College, Mercersburg. Besides these, there are the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia j Jefferson Medical College, do. ; Medical Department of Pennsylvania College, do. ; Theological Seminary of the Lutheran Church, Gettysburg ; German Reformed, York ; and the Western Theological Seminary, at Pittsburg. There are about 300 academies and 5,000 common schools. This state was first settled by the Swedes and Finns. William Penn ob- tained a grant of it in 1681. The constitution of the United States wa adopted in convention, Dec. 13th, 1787, yeas 46, nays 23, HILADELPHIA, the metropolis of the state, and the second city in the Union in population and in manufactures, is in lat. 39 57' 9" N., and Ion. 75 10' 37" W., 137 miles from Washington, and 88 from New York. Popu- lation in 1840, 228.691. It is situated between the Delaware and Schuyl- kill rivers, 5 miles above their junction, and extends from one to the other. The rivers bounding it lie about two miles apart, in the narrowest place. The city is 120 miles distant from the ocean by the course of the Delaware. Its principal harbor is on the east, or Delaware river side, where ships come up, and its foreign commerce centres. Philadelphia has an extensive foreign, and a still greater domestic trade ; by means of failroads and canals, it possesses facilities for communication wrth a great extent of country, and shares with New York and Baltimore in the trade of the great West. There is an air of great neatness, and of almost peculiar cleanliness about this city ; but the extreme regularity of the streets is tiresome. It was laid out in 1682, by Thomas Holme, the first surveyor-general of the province. The ground selected was claimed by three Swedes by the name of Swenson, who held a title for it, obtained of the Dutch governor of N. Y., in 1664. This claim was purchased by Penn. The public buildings, which are generally constructed of white marble, are among the most elegant in the United States. The Custom-house, of white marble, built on the model of the Parthenon the Pennsylvania Bank the Mint of the United States the Exchange, with Corinthian columns, and comprising a spacious hall and news-room, the post office, &c. the Gitard Bank Girard College Masonic Hall, &c., are the public 86 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. buildings most remarkable tor beauty; but the most interesting, from ita venerable appearance and biatorical associations, is the Old State-house, or Independence Hall, It fronts on Chesnut-street, hav- ing Independence square in its rear. It was finished in 1735. The wings, extending from it to Fifth and Sixth streets, are modern. In 1774 most of the wood- work of the old steeple was taken down, being much decayed, leav- ing only a small belfry to cover the town clock. The bell for the first steeple was imported from England in 1752, but was broken by accident when first put up. A new one was cast in Philadelphia, under the direction of Isaac Norris, then speaker of the Colonial Assembly, who caused to be in- scribed on it this passage from Leviticus xxv. 10, as if prophetic of ita future use, " Proclaim LIBERTY throughout this land, unto all the in- habitants thereof." Accordingly its joyous tones first proclaimed to anxious thousands the declaration of American independence. The chamber in which the Declaration was signed is on the first floor, at the eastern end of the old building, and presents the same appearance that it did at the time that instrument was signed. There are in the city 150 churches, many of them fine specimens of architecture. The benevolent and charitable institutions are very numer- ous. One of the oldest and most respectable is Pennsylvania Hospital, founded in 1751. Its buildings are on the space bounded by Eight, Ninth, Spruce, and Pine streets. Between the street and the building is a colossal statue, in bronze, of William Penn. The Hospital contains a fine an- atomical museum and a medical library. The Insane Jlsylum, a branch of the Hospital, is about two miles west of the Schuylkill. The United States Marine Hospital or Naval Jlsylum is an elegant building on the east bank of the Schuylkill, below Cedar-street. It is intended for invalid seamen. The Almshouse is on the west side of the Schuylkill river. The Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb is at the corner of Broad and Pine streets. The Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind is in Race-street, near Schuylkill Third-street. Besides these there may be mentioned, the Orphan's Asylum, the Asylum for Indigent Widows and Single Women, Wills' Hospital for the Lame and Blind, Preston Retreat, the Magdalene Asylum, Colored Orphan Asylum, St. John's Orphan Asylum, Christ's Church Hospital, Friends' Alms- house, Friends' Lunatic Asylum, two dispensaries, &c. Among the literary institutions, the University of Pennsylvania is one of the oldest and most considerable ; having been founded as a charity school in 1751, it was made a college in 1755, and a university in 1779. It has three departments, the Academical, Collegiate, and Medical. Here instruction is given in the usual branches taught in other colleges and uni- versities, and the usual degrees are conferred. It has a president and 1*3 professors, 1,053 alumni, 120 students, and 5,000 volumes in its libraries, and possesses the most extensive anatomical museum in the Union, a cabinet of natural history, and an excellent chemical and philosophical apparatus. Its buildings are in Ninth-street, between Chesnut and Market streets. The Medical Department of the University has 8 professors, STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 87 446 students, and 4,443 graduates. The lectures commence on the first Monday in November. The Girard College for Orphans, endowed by the late Stephen Girard with $2,0(10,000, was commenced on the 4th July. 1833, and the great central temple, and the two buildings on the left side, are completed. No pupils have yet been admitted. Jefferson Medical College was founded in 1825, and has 7 professors, 409 students, and 880 graduates. The lectures commence on the first Monday in November. Its hall is in Tenth, between Walnut and Chesnut streets. The Medical Department of Pennsylvania College was founded in 1839, and has 6 professors, and 60 students. Lectures commence on the first Monday in November. The buildings are in Filbert-street above Twelfth. The public schools of Philadelphia are numerous. At the head of these stands the High School. There is also a model school, which has a principal and ten professors. Among the scientific and literary institutions is the American Philosophi- cal Society, founded in 1743, principally through the exertions of Doctor Franklin. Its hall is in south Fifth-street below Chesnut-street. It has a library of 15,000 volumes of rare books, and a collection of minerals, fossils, and ancient relics. The Franklin Institute was incorporated in 1824, for the promotion of Manufactures and the Arts. It holds an an- nual fair, and possesses an extensive library. The Academy of Natural Sciences has a spacious building in Broad-street, a library of 9,000 volumes, and a cabinet of natural science. The Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts was founded in 1805. There is also the Artists' Fund So- ciety. The Philadelphia Library, founded in 1731 by the influence of Doctor Franklin, has 50,000 volumes. To this has been added the Le- gonian Library of 11,000 volumes. The Mercantile Library, established in 1822, has a collection of 8,000 volumes. The Atheneum, incorporated in 1815, contains the papers and periodicals of the day, and several thousand volumes. The Apprentices' Library, established in 1819, has 14,000 volumes. The United States Mint was founded in 1790, and commenced operations in 1793, in the building now occupied by the Apprentices' Library. Coining commenced in the present building in Chesnut-street in 1830. This edifice is of white marble ; the south front is 123 feet long, with a portico 60 feet long, of six Ionic columns. There are in the city 14 banks, 20 insurance companies, and several theatres. The Philadelphia Museum, founded by Mr. Peule in 1784, is one of the best in the country. There are several very extensive markets. 1'he United States Navy Yard, at the southern end of Swanson-street, has an enclosed area of about 12 acres. The public squares of the city are numerous, elegant, and capacious. The Fairmont Water-works are situated on the left bank; of the Schuyl- till, two miles from the centre of the city. The process by which the city is supplied with Witter is by means of a dam thrown across | the Schuylkill; ^_ water-power thus crea- fHEl- ted acts on six large wheels, which keep in operation six forcing-punins. to raise the water from the pool of the dam, 92 feet to the six reservoirs on the summit of the hill. These reservoirs, which are 100 feet above the tide-level, are capable of containing 22 millions of gallons. From tho 88 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. reservoirs the water is distributed throughout the city by iron pipes, the aggregate length of which is about 110 miles. On the summit and slopes of the hill, neat gravel walks and staircases are arranged ; and at the base of the precipice, in spaces not occupied by machinery, a garden has been laid out, tastefully decorated with flowers, shrubbery, statues, and fountains. From the summit a magnificent prospect is enjoyed of the city, the Schuylkill, and the romantic scenery of its valley. The Laurel Hill Cemetery, on the banks of the Schuylkill, is 4 miles north of the city. Nature seems to have lavished every variety of beauty and grandeur on this secluded spot ; the grounds are laid out with serpentine gravelled walks, and the whole is shaded by ancient forest and ornamental trees. At the entrance is a splendid colonnade, and just within the gate, in a small structure erected expressly for it, is an admirable group of statuary by Thorn, representing Sir Walter Scott conversing with Old Mortality. Cars leave 3 times daily for New York, (fare $3 to 4 ;) and a':?o for Harrisburg, (fare $4 ;) for Baltimore twice daily, (fare $3 ;) for Potts- ville daily, (fare $3.50 ;) for Washington, $4.00 ; for Wheeling, $14 ; for Pittsbitrff, $13 ; for Pittsburg via Harrisburg, $11. Steamboats leave daily for Burlington and Bristol ; and also for Wilmington, Del., New Castle ; and for Red Bank, Cape Island, frr,., N. J. Stages leave daily for Easton, Wilkesbarre, <$-c. ; three times a week for Port Deposit, Jtfrf., and also for Flemingtan, N. J. (See page 83.) LANCASTER is situated near the right bank of Conestoga creek, 71 miles from Philadelphia. The city contains a court-house, 12 churches, an academy, a female seminary, a Lancasterian school, 2 public libraries, a theatre, a Mechanics' Institute, a reading-room, and 8,500 inhabitants. Franklin College, once located here, has been discontinued, being at present a. mere grammar-school. The style of many of the houses is antiquated, retaining the character of the olden time. The city is well supplied with pure water. ' Cars pass daily for Philadelphia and for Harrisburg. HARRISBURQ, the capital of the state, is on the left bank of the Susque- hanna, 106 miles from Philadelphia. Its situation is commanding, and -=e= from it is obtained a view of "^ the river and the picturesque igi barrier of the Kittatinny S Mountains, broken through u by the river at the north. J The State House occupies Lan elevated situation ; the Imain building is 180 feet front |by 80 feet deep, and con rtains the hall of representa tives, the senate chamber, state library ot over 4,000 volumes, &c. The other public edifices are the court-house, the prison, the arsenal, a market, a Masonic-hall, an academy, two banks, and 10 churches. There are two elegant bridges thrown across the river, and the Mount Airy Water- works supply the city with water. Population in 1840, 6,002 1845, 8,000. Cars leave 3 times daily for Philadelphia, (fare $4.) and daily for Chambersburg. Stages leave daily for Pittsburg, (fare $7 ;) for Northumberland, and also for Baltimore, via York. CARLISLE, situated in the Cumberland valley, 18 miles from Harrisburg, is an ancient and flourishing place. It contains a court-house, a town- hall, the buildings of Dickinson College, 11 churches, a bank, and 4,500 inhabitants. Dickinson College, under the direction of the Methodists, STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 89 was founded in 1783. It has a president and 7 professors, 561 alumni, 178 students, and 12,000 volumes in its libraries, and a very complete chemi- cal and philosophical apparatus and mineralogical cabinet. The com- mencement is on the second Thursday in July. The United States Bar- racks, half a mile from the village, were built in 1777, chiefly by the labor of the Hessians captured at Trenton. A school of cavalry practice has recently been established there. The barracks will garrison 2,000 men. Cars pass through daily for Harrisburg, and for Chambersburg. Stages leave daily in summer for Carlisle Springs. Carlisle Sulphur Springs are situated four miles north of the village, in a secluded valley, surrounded with the beautiful scenery of the Blue Mountains. The grounds are tastefully laid out, and there are ample accommodations for visitors. CHAMBERSBURG is at the confluence of Falling Spring and Coneco- cheague creeks, and contains a court-house, a bank, a Masonic-hall, 8 churches, an academy, and 3,300 inhabitants. In the village and its vicinity are several extensive mills and manufactories. Cars leave daily for Harrisburg. Stages leave daily for Pittsburg, and 3 times a week for Baltimore. BEDFORD, on the Pittsburg turnpike, is 206 miles from Philadelphia. It is on a branch of Juniata river, and contains five churches, an academy, a seminary, an elegant court-house, and 1,100 inhabitants. The Bedford Springs are situated about 14 | miles south of the village, in a narrow, pic- j turesque valley. There are 6 springs, viz. : ; Anderson's, Fletcher's, Limestone, Sweet, Sul- J phur, and the Chalybeate springs. These * waters possess laxative and sudorific powers, and have been found efficacious in removing chronic obstructions, dyspepsia, diseases of the liver, cutaneous eruptions, &c. Houses for cold, shower, and warm baths, have been erected. There is an artificial lake on which boats sail ; and the other attractions of this beautiful and romantic spot and vicinity, cannot fail to gratify the most fastidious. Stages leave daily for Philadelphia. (See route 225.) PITTSBURG, 317 miles from Philadelphia, is situated at the confluence of the Allflghany and Monongahela rivers, which by their union form the Ohio river. It is mostly built on a plain, with streets running parallel to the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers. There are several fine bridges across the Alleghany, and one across the Monongahela. The hiUs with which Pittsburg is surrounded are filled with bituminous coal, which affords great aid to its manufactories. The city contains a new and beautiful court-house, the buildings of the Western University, 4 banks, a museum, a theatre, several literary societies with libraries, 35 churches. 90 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. many exten-sive hotels, and, with its suburbs, 40,000 inhabitants. The city is supplied with water from the Alleghany river. The water is raised by steam-power to a reservoir of a capacity to contain a million of gallons. The reservoir is 116 feet above the river, from which the water is dis- tributed over the city in iron pipes, having an aggregate length of 10 miles. The Western University of Pennsylvania, founded in 1819, has a president and 4 professors, and 64 students. The Western Theological Seminary, founded in 1828, and located at Alleghany, on the north bank of the Alleghany river, has 3 professors, 54 students, and 6,000 volumes in its libraries. The Theological Seminary of the Associate Reformed Church, founded in 1826, has about 30 students, and possesses a valuable library. The Alleghany Theological Institute, founded in 1840, has a valuable library. The United States Arsenal is 2i miles east, on the bunks of the Alleghany. Most of the extensive manufactories are not in the city proper, but scattered around within a circle of 5 miles radius : the population within this range is over 50,000. Steamboats leave daily for JVeio Orleans and the intermediate places. Fare to Wheeling, $1.50; Marietta, $2.50; Guyandotte, $3; Maysville, Ky., $3.50; Cincinnati, $5; Louisville, Ky., $6; Smithland, $8; Cairo, mouth of Ohio river, $9; St. Louis, Mo., $10; Memphis, Tenn., $15: Vicksburg, Miss., $25 ; New Orleans, $26. Steamboats, in connection with stages, leave for Cumberland ; thence by railroad to Baltimore, fyc. Canal boats leave for Harrisburg daily. Stages leave daily for Erie ; for Cleveland, Ohio ; for Steubenville, Ohio ; for Wheeling ; and for Harrisburg, CANNONSBURG, 18 miles southwest from Pittsburg, has 4 churches, and about 900 inhabitants. Jef- ferson College, founded in * 1802, and located here, has | a president and 6 professors, I 693 alumni, 164 students, and f 4,500 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the | last Thursday in September. = It has a medical department I in Philadelphia. There i* also at this place a Theological Seminary under the direction of the As- sociate Church. Stages arrive and depart daily for Pittsburg. WASHINGTON, 25 miles southwest from Pittsburg, on the National road, is pleasantly situated on high ground, and contains 9 churches, a court-house, an academy, a seminary, and 2,200 inhabitants. It is the seat of Washington College, founded in 1806, which has a president, 5 professors, 224 alumni, 190 students, 3,300 volumes in its libraries, a cabinet of minerals, &c. The commencement is on the last Wednesday in Septem- ber. Stages leave daily for Pittsburg. for Wheeling, and for Baltimore, BEAVER, on the right bank of the Ohio river, 35 miles below Pittsburg, at the entrance of Beaver river, contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and about 600 inhabitants. Steamboats pass daily from Pittsburg to Cincinnati, &c- Stages leave daily for Cleveland. MEADVILOE is prettily situated on French creek, and has a court-house, 7 churches, an academy, a state arsenal, and about 1,500 inhabitants. It is the seat of Alleghany College, founded in 1815, and has a president, 4 professors, 160 students, and 8,000 volumes in its libraries. Stages leave daily for Pittsburg and for Erie. ERIE is beautifuWy skuated upon a bluff, affording a prospect of STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 91 Presque-Isle bay and the lake beyond. It has one of the best harbors on Lake Erie, and contains a court-house, a bank, 7 churches, an academy, a seminary, and about 3,500 inhabitants. Perry's fleet was built here, the vessels being finished in 70 days from the time the timber was felled ; and here he returned with his prizes after the battle. The remains of his flag- ship, the Lawrence, lie in the harbor, from which visiters are constantly cutting pieces as relics. On the high banks a little to the right of the village are the ruins of the old French fort, Presque-Isle. Steamboats leave for Buffalo, for Cleveland, Detroit, <$-c. Stages leave daily for Buffalo, JV. Y. ; for Cleveland* Ohio ; and for Pittsburg. YORK, 11 miles west of the Susquehanna, on Codorus creek, contains a court-house, a bank, an academy, 10 churches, several manufactories, and 5,000 inhabitants : it has also a lyceum, possessing a cabinet of min- erals, &c., and which sustains a course of lectures. Congress retired to this place from Philadelphia, at the time of the battle of Brandywine, Sep.,- 1777 ; and held their session for nine months in the old court-house. Car* leave daily for Philadelphia; and also for Baltimore. Stages leave daily for Harrisburg, and 3 times a week for Chambersburg. See route. York Sulphur Springs are situated twenty- one miles south from Harrisburg, among sce- nery exceedingly picturesque and varied. TheJ medical properties of the waters have been I highly extolled, particularly for their efficacy H in cases of debilitated constitutions. GETTYSBURG is situated on elevated grounds, 1 35 miles from Harrisburg. The Theological! Seminary of the Lutheran Church, established here in 1826, has 3 professors, 26 students, " and 8,000 volumes in its libraries. This is also the seat of Pennsylvania College, founded in 1832, which has a president, 7 professors, 189 students, and 3,000 volumes in its libraries. The village contains a court-house, a bank, an academy, 6 churches, and 1,700 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for York ; for Chambersburg ; and for Hagerstown, Md. HUNTINGDON is situated on the left bank of the Juniata river, and is built upon an elevated bank, sloping gently down to the river. It contains a court-house, 6 churches, an academy, and 1,200 inhabitants. The Juniata is here crossed by a substantial bridge. A short distance from the village, in Stone Valley, are the " Warm Springs," which are much resorted to. The waters are light on the stomach, diuretic, and are said to contain magnesia. Stages pass daily from Harrisburg and from Pittsburg. HOLMDAYSBURG is situated on the Juniata river, 143 miles by the course of the canal from Harrisburg, near the eastern base of the Alle- ghany Mountains. It contains a court-house, 6 churches, a classical .school, several extensive manufactories, and about 3,000 inhabitants. Here is the termination of the Juniata division of the Pennsylvania canal, and the commencement of the Portage railroad through the mountain pass, overcoming in ascent and descent, by means of ten inclined planes, an aggregate of 2,572 feet. There is on the line a tunnel 870 feet long and 20 feet high, through the mountain ; and also several viaducts. All the viaducts and culverts have been built in the most substantial man- ner. Stages leave daily for Harrisburg, and for Pittsburg, and for Williamsport 3 times a week. Canal boats leave for Harrisburg daily. JOHNSTOWN is situated on a broad flat, completely encircled by moun- tains, at the confluence of Stony creek with the Little Connemaugh. and 92 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. at the commencement of the Western division of the Pennsylvania canal. It contains 4 churches and about 1,500 inhabitants. Canal boats leave for Pittsburg daily. SUNBURY is situated on the left bank of the Susquehanna, 58 miles from Harrisburg. Near the town, above and below, are ranges of high hills, affording a magnificent prospect of the valley. The village has a court- house, 5 churches, and 1,200 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Harris- burg, for Wilkesbarre, and for Williamsport. NORTHUMBERLAND is a mile above Sunbury, on the Susquehanna, and at the junction of the north and west branches. There are three beautiful bridges crossing the rivers here. The village contains a town-house, a bank, 5 churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. WILUAMSPORT is situated on an elevated plain on the left bank of the west branch of the Susquehanna, 99 miles from Harrieburg. It has a court-house, 5 churches, an academy, and 1,500 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for Ralston, thence in stages to Blossburg, and from thence in cars to Corning, JV*. Y. ; and by railroad and stages to Elmira, JV. Y. Stages leave t/iree times a week for Hollidaysburg. NORRISTOWN is situated on the left bank of Schuylkill river, 16 miles from Philadelphia. The dam across the river creates an immense water- power. The village contains a court-house, 6 churches, a bank, an academy, a seminary, a public library, and 3,000 inhabitants. Manu- facturing is extensively carried on here. Six miles above Norristown, on the west side of the river, at the mouth of Valley creek, is a deep rugged hollow. An ancient forge established here, gave to the place the name of VALLEY FORGK. Upon the mountain flanks of this valley, which over- look all the adjacent country, Washington established the winter-quarters of the army in 1777 and '8. This was the most gloomy period of the Revolution. The army reached the valley about the 18th of December. They might have been tracked by the blood of their feet in marching to this place barefooted, over the hard frozen ground. The encampment was surrounded on the land side by intrenchments, and several small re- doubts were built at different points. Some of the intrenchments may still be seen. Cars leave Norristown daily for Philadelphia, and for Pottsville. READING lies on the left bank of Schuylkill river, 56 miles from Phila- delphia. The streets are regular and spacious. It has an elegant court- house, 3 banks, an academy, 3 public libraries, (one in German,) a female seminary, 12 churches, and about 8,000 inhabitants. The town is abun- dantly supplied with spring water conducted through pipes. The scenery in the vicinity is wild and picturesque, and the location remarkably healthy. Cars leave daily for Philadelphia, and for Pottsville. Stage* leave daily for Ifarrisburg, and for Easton 3 times a week. POTTSVILLE, the great mart of the coal trade, is situated just above the gorge by which the Schuylkill river passes the mountains, 92 miles from Philadelphia. It is famous for its rapid growth. In 1824, it contained but five dwellings. It now contains a town-hall, 6 churches, a bank, , on academy, several extensive manufactories, and 4,335 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for Philadelphia ; stages daily for Sunbury, Danville, and Ca,tawissa, and 3 times a week for Mauch Chunk. MAUCH CHUNK is situated on the right bank of Lehigh river, in a deep romantic ravine, 122 miles from Philadelphia. The mountains rise ab- ruptly from the village to the height of 800 to 1,000 feet. The village has 5 churches, several manufactories, and about h800 inhabitants. The ex- STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 93 tensive coal mines here, and the operations of working them are ex- ceedingly curious and interesting. Stages leave 3 times a week fur Easton; for Philadelphia, fur Pottsville, and for Berwick. WILKKSBARRE is on the left bank of the Susquehanna river, 110 miles from Philadelphia. It contains a court-house, 3 churches, a bank, a female seminary, a classical school, and 1,800 inhabitants. The valley of Wyoming is rich in historical incident, and its landscapes combine beauty, variety, and grandeur. The site of Fort Wyoming is covered by the court-house. Fort Duryee was half a mile below the borough, near the Shawnee flats. There was another fort on the eastern bank, nearly op- posite the hotel, a little below the bridge, the redoubts of which are still visible on the hill to the north of the village. Stages leave daily for Northumberland ; for Binghamton, N. Y. ; 3 times a week for Hones- dale ; for Easton ; and for JMauch Chunk. EASTON is situated at the confluence of the Delaware and Lehigh rivers, 50 miles from Philadel- phia. It is reg- ularly laid out, t the streets cross- ! ing each other \ at right angles. \ There are here 2 1 fine bridges, one ] crossing the Del- .^__ . ... , .. aware, and the other the Lehigh river. La Fayette College is located here, with which manual labor is connected. It has a president, 8 pro- fessors and tutors, 130 students, and 5,000 volumes in its libraries. Tho commencement is on the 2d Wednesday in September. The village has 2 banks, a court-house, 5 churches, an academy, a classical school, a public library with 3,000 volumes, and 5,000 inhabitants. The three prominent gorges in the Kittatinny Mountains, the Lehigh and Delaware Water-gaps, and the Wind-gap, arrest the attention of the traveller. They arc all within a distance of 25 miles from Easton, and are celebrated for their picturesque appearance, and the beauty of the surrounding landscape. Stages leave daily for New York ; for Trenton. N. J. ; for Philadelphia, and for Reading ; three times a week for Bing- hamton, via Honesdale ; for Mauch Chunk, and for Wilkesbarre. HONESDALE, situated at the junction of the Lackawaxen and Dyberry creeks, is 147 miles from Philadelphia. It has been built up within a few years, and contains a court-house, five churches, two academies, and 1,100 inhabitants. The Delaware and Hudson canal terminates here, and a railroad Id'i miles long connects it with the coal mines. Stages leave daily for New York ; for Owego ; three times a week for Easton ; and for Wilkesbarre. CARBONDALE, situated on Lackawana creek, owes its existence to the Lackawnna coal mine, from which are quarried 800 to 900 tons daily. The village contains 6 churches and about 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Wilkesbirre and for Honesdale. BRISTOL, situated on the right bank of Delaware river, 20 miles above Philadelphia, contains 3 churches, a bank, and about 1,500 inhabitants. A ehort distance below, on the banks of the river, is the Bristol Military Institute. Steamboats ply daily to Philadelphia, and cars leave for New York, via Trenton. 94 STATE OF DELAWARE. WESTCHESTER, 33 miles from Philadelphia, is surrounded by a beauti- ful undulating country, and the place and vicinity is remarkable for its salubrity. It is connected with the Columbia railroad, by a branch nine miles long ; and the village contains a court-house, a bank, 6 churches, an academy, 4 seminaries, a public library, an atheneum, a cabinet of natural science, and 2,500 inhabitants. Cars leave twice daily for Philadelphia. CHESTER, 14 miles from Philadelphia, on the right bank of the Dela- ware river, is the most ancient town in the state. It has a court-house, 3 churches, a bank, and 1,000 inhabitants. Cars pass through it twice daily from Philadelphia and from Baltimore. DELAWARE lies between 38 2^ and 39 47' N. lat., and between 74 56' and 75 40* W. Ion. It is 92 miles long, and 23 broad, containing 2,120 square miles. Population in 1840, 78,085. The lower part of the state is very level. The i northern part is moderately hilly and rough. An ele- I vated table-land, towards its western border, passes _ L through the state, dividing the waters which fall into the Chesapeake from those which fall into Delaware bay ; it contains a chain of swamps, from which the principal streams take their rise. In the vicinity of Delaware river the soil is productive, but becomes less so towards the swamps in the west. Its southern part affords some fine grazing-land. The rivers are small. Brandywine creek, 40 miles long, uniting with Christiana creek, forms the harbor of Wilmington. Duck creek, Mispillion creek, and Indian river flow into the Delaware. The present constitution was adopted in 1831. The governor is chosen for four years, and is ever after ineligible. The senate consists of three members from each county, chosen for four years. The representatives are seven from each county, chosen once in two years. The legislature meets once in two years, on the first Tuesday of January. Every male citizen over twenty-two years of age, who has resided one year in the state, and the last month in the county in which he votes and paid a tax, has the right of suffrage ; and if he be between 21 and 22 years, and otherwise qualified, he may vote without payment of a tax. The'judicial power is exercised by 4 common-law judges and a chancellor. There must be one associate judge in each county. There is but one college in the state, viz., Delaware College, at Newark and there are twenty academies, and 152 common schools. Delaware was first settled by Swedes and Fins, in 1630. In con- vention it adopted the constitution of the United States, Dec. 3d, 1787, by a unanimous vote. STATE OF DELAWARE. 95 DOVER, the capital of the state, is situated on the south side of Jones creek, 10 miles from its entrance into Delaware bay. Its streets cross at right angles, and at the centre of the town is a spacious public square, on which the state-house is erected, and around which other public buildings are ranged. It contains 3 churches, a bank, an academy, and about 700 inhabitants. Here is a splendid monument, erected by the state, to the memory of Col. John Haslett, who fell at the battle of Princeton. Stages leave daily for Wilmington, and 3 times a week for Snow Hill, Md. WILMINGTON is situated between Brandywine river and Christiana creek, one mile from their confluence, and 27 miles southwest from Phila- delphia. It is the largest place in the state, and its streets are broad and regularly laid out. It contains a city-hall, two market-houses, 3 banks, an almshouse, an arsenal, a Friends' boarding school for young ladies, a public library, 16 churches, 9 academies, and 10,000 inhabitants. In the city and vicinity are many extensive manufactories and flouring-mills. The Brandywine Springs, about 5 miles from Wilmington, are much resorted to in the summer season for health and pleasure. Cars leave twice daily for Philadelphia, (fare 50 cts.,) and for Baltimore. Steam- boats ply daily to Philadelphia. Stages leave daily for Milford, via Newcastle and Dover. NEWARK, on Christiana creek,12 miles from Wilmington and 1 mile from the depot, contains the buildings of Delaware College, three churches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants. Delaware College was founded in 1833, and endowed by t he state with a fund of $100,000. It has a president, 4 professors, a < tutor, and 50 students. The commencement is on the 4th Wednesday in September. NEWCASTLE, 5 miles south from Wilmington, on the right bank of Delaware river, was once the capital of the state. It was the site of the Dutch fort, Casimir, and the village of Niew Amstel. It contains a court- house, a town-house, an arsenal, 5 churches, an academy, a public library of 4,000 volumes, and 1,200 inhabitants. Steamboats leave daily for Philadelphia, and cars, in connection with steamboats, for Baltimore. SMYRNA, 35 miles from Wilmington, is on Duck creek, and contains & church, and about 600 inhabitants. DELAWARE CITY is situated on the west side of Delaware bay, at the entrance of the Chesapeake and Delaware canal. It contains about 50 dwellings. In front of it, on Peapatch Island, is Fort Delaware. MILFORD, situated on Mispillion creek, 68 miles from Wilmington, con- tains 3 churches, 2 academies, and about 600 inhabitants. GEORGETOWN, 88 miles from Wilmington, situated near the head waters of Indian river, has a court-house, an academy, a bank, and about 300 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Wilmington. STATE OF MARYLAND. AC ft. MARYLAND lies between 38 and 39 44' N. lat., and between 75 a 10' and 79 20' W. Ion. It is 196 miles long, and 120 broad, containing 13,959 square miles. Population in 1840, 469,232. Eastern Mary- land, or that part of the state east of the Chesapeake bay, is mostly level. The country on the west shore to the head of tides, is similar to the eastern shore ; the soil of this portion is generally fertile, producing wheat, Indian corn, tobacco, &c. Above the flow of the tides, the surface rises into hills, and the western part attains an elevated region, being crossed by the Alleghany Mountains. The western part contains much fine land, adapted both to grain and grazing. Extensive beds of coal and of iron ore exist. The Potomac river, which divides this state from Virginia, is 550 miles long, and navigable about 300 miles to Washington city. It is ?i miles wide at its mouth. The great falls are 59 miles above Washington ; the perpendicular descent is 76 feet, and the rapids extend for several miles up the river, and form a very picturesque view. The Susquehanna is a large river, which enters into the head of the Chesapeake bay in this state. It is li miles wide at its mouth, but is navigable only five miles, being, above that, much obstructed by falls and rapids. The Patapsco is a small river, navigable, however, 14 miles to Baltimore for ships. The Patuxent is 110 miles long, and is navigable for 50 miles for vessels of 250 tons. The other rivers are Elk, Sassafras, Chester, Choptank, Nanticoke, and Pocomoke. The Chesapeake bay is 270 miles long, and from seven to twenty wide ; and, by its numerous inlets, furnishes many fine harbors; and in season, abounds with the choicest water- fowl, fish, &c. The constitution of the state was formed in 1776, but has been frequently amended since that time. The state is divided into 3 districts, viz : the eastern, the southern, and the northwestern. The governor is elected fof three years, by the people from the districts alternately : so that each dis- trict is represented in the gubernatorial chair, for one term, in each period^ of nine years. The candidate for governor must have resided in the district which he represents, for three years next preceding the election. The senate consists of 21 members, elected for six years, one-third of the num- ber being elected every two years ; and the senators must have resided in the county for which they are chosen, for one year next preceding the elec- tion. The House of Delegates consists of 79 members, elected by the peo- ple ; and must have resided in the county for which they are chosen, for one year next preceding their election. The judges are appointed by the governor, with the advice and consent of the senate, and hold their offices during good behavior. Every white male citizen, 21 years of age, who has resided in the state one year next preceding nn c-I< rtion, and for six months in the county where he offers his vote, enjoys the right of suffrage. STATE OF MARYLAND. 97 The colleges, &c., in this state are as follows, viz. : St. John's College, at Annapolis, founded in 1784 ; St. Mary's College, at Baltimore ; Mount St. Mary's College, near Emmettsburg ; Medical School University, at Balti- more, and Washington Medical College, do. Besides these, there are 130 academies and about 575 primary and common schools. The original charter of Maryland was granted to Lord Baltimore, in 1632. It was first settled by Catholics in 1634, at St. Mary's. In convention, April 28th, 1788, it adopted the constitution of the United States yeas 63, nays 12. BALTIMORE the thii tent, population, and commerce, in the United States, is situated on the north side of Patapsco river, 14 miles from its entrance into Chesapeake bay, and 200 miles from the ocean by ship channel, in 39 17' 23" N. lat., and 76 37' 30" W. Ion. It is 40 miles from Washington, 97 from Philadel- phia, 185 from New York, 590 from Pittsburg. Population in 1840. 102,313. The harbor, which is a very fine one, consists of three parts. The entrance to it, between Fort McHenry and the Lazaretto, is about 600 yards wide, and has twenty-two feet depth of water. Above Fell's Point is the second harbor, with 15 feet water ; the third or inner harbor, has a depth of ten to twelve feet, and penetrates to near the centre of the city. It is the most extensive market for tobacco in the United States, and the greatest flour market in the world. Within 20 miles of the city, there are 70 or more flouring-mills. The city affords many commanding sites for build- ings. The part compactly built extends about 2 miles in length from E. to W., and a mile and a half from north to south. The streets generally cross each other at right angles. The north end of the town is the fashionable quarter, in the vicinity of Washington Monument; and the principal promenade is Baltimore-street, which is two miles in length, extending through the centre of the city. The public buildings are, the City-hall, on Hollidays-street, occupied by the city council and public officers; the Court-house, corner of Washington and Monument streets ; the State Penitentiary, 7 markets, 11 banks, a savings institution, eight insurance companies, two theatres, a circus, a museum, several extensive hotels, &c., &c. There are upwards of 100 churches, many of which are elegant structures. The University of Maryland was incorporated in 1812. It has a faculty of Arts and Science, of Physic, of Theology, and of Law. The first 1ms 7 professors that of physic has 7, of theology 3, and that of law 4. It is well supplied with materials for anatomical studies, and has a good chemical laboratory. Lectures commence on the last Monday in October. Washington Medical University, which has 7 professors, has an annual session of four months, beginning on the last Monday in October. Balti more College, which constitutes the collegiate department of the Uni- versity of Maryland, is under the general supervision of the regents of the University, and the particular direction and management of a president, ttistusttd by different professors and teachers. St. Mary's College and 98 STATE OF MARYLAND. Seminary has 14 professors or other instructors. The Maryland College of Pharmacy, incorporated January, 1841, has a president, two vice- presidents, a secretary, a treasurer, and a board of three examiners. The Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, has a president and 5 professors. The Mercantile Library Association, founded in 1839, has a library of 5,000 volumes. The Maryland Historical Society is located in Baltimore. Maryland Hospital, on Hampsted hill, in the eastern extremity of the city, is under the management of a board of visitors appointed by the state. Mount Hope Hospital, in the northern part of the city, is under the management of the Sisters of Charity ; it will contain 100 patients. The Baltimore Infirmary, connected with the medical department of the Uni- versity of Maryland, is under the direction of the faculty of physic. Washington Monument stands on elevated ground, 150 feet above t tide-water, at the intersection of Charles and Monu- ment streets, and is the most imposing structure in the city. It is a Doric column, rising from a base 50 feet square and 20 feet high. The shaft is 160 feet high and * twenty feet in diameter. A winding stairway leads to the top, where is a statue of WASHINGTON, by Causici, thirteen feet high. The whole is constructed of white marble. From its top is a fine view of the city and its ^^ environs. The Battle Monument, at the corner of Fayette and Calvert streets, was erected in 1815, in ; memory of those who fell, defending the city when at-' : tacked by the British in 1814. It is constructed of white f marble, is 52 feet high, and surmounted by a figure 4 emblematic of the city of Baltimore. The city is sup- * plied with water for the extinguishment of fires, from Jones Jt mis ; me water being raised by steam-power into two reservoirs hold- ing about seven millions of gallons, and distributed in iron pipes. The public springs or fountains, of which there are four, are tastefully orna- mented, and furnish a copious supply of pure water. Green Mount Cemetery is situated near the north bounds of the city. It has mostly a high undulating surface, and is handsomely laid out, and adorned with shrubbery, sculptured tombs, &c. Baltimore was laid out as a town in 1729. In 1765 it contained only 50 houses. It was chartered in 1797. Cars leave twice daily for Philadelphia, (fare $3 ;) for Washington 3 times daily, (fare 1.60 ;) for Cumberland daily, (fare $7 ;) for Columbia^ Pa,., (fare $2.63 ;) and for Annapolis daily. Stages leave daily in sum- mer for York Sulphur Springs, 3 times a week for Gettysburg, Pa. t Emmettsburg, be. Fare to New York, $7 ; to Richmond, Fa., $6.60 ; to Wilmington, N. G, $16.60; to Charleston, $21; to Mobile, $57.50; to New Orleans, $62.50 ,to Wheeling, $10; to Pittsburg, $11. Steam- boats leave daily for Norfolk, Va., via Old Point Comfort, Jlnnapolis t &c. ; and also for Philadelphia via French Town, New Castle, Sec. ANNAPOLIS, the capital of the state, is situated on the Chesapeake bay. at the entrance of Severn river. The streets radiate from three centres, which are the sites of the three principal buildings, viz. : the State House, St. John's College, and St. Anne's Church ; besides these, there are a government-house, a Methodist and a Roman Catholic Chapel, a semi- nary, and a bank. The city contains 2,800 inhabitants. The State House is remarkable as the building in which the American Congress, during the Revolutionary war, held some of its sessions. The Senate Chamber, which witnessed the last scene of the great drama of the Revolution. . STATE OF MARYLAND. 99 Washington's resignation of his commission to the Congress, has been preserved unaltered. St. John's College was founded in 1784, as the Western-shore branch of the University of Maryland, now extinct. In 1823 and 1832, the Assembly restored a large ^== portion of the funds which j " had been withheld since! 1806. It now has a Presi-jL dent, five professors, 1,240||L nlumni, 75 students, and ^^j^t^sSf^iSJ&s&^&L 4,000 volumes in its libraries. . The commencement is on the 22d of February. The United States Naval Academy, at Fort Severn, has 7 professors, and 70 midshipmen as students. Cars leave daily for Washington and for Baltimore. HAVRE DE GRACE is on the west side of Susquehanna river, at its en- trance into Chesapeake bay, 60 miles from Philadelphia. The Susque- hanna canal terminates here, connecting the Chesapeake witfLthe Pennsyl- vania cnnals. A steam -ferry crosses the river. The town nas a church and 1 ,500 inhabitants. In 1813, the British under Admiral Cockburn burned the place. Cars leave twice daily for Philadelphia and for Baltimore. ELKTON is situated at the junction of the two main branches of Elk river, at the head of tide-water, 45 miles from Philadelphia. The village is half a mile south of the railroad depot. It contains a court-house, a bank, a Methodist church, and about 150 dwellings. Cars leave twice daily for Philadelphia, and for Baltimore. Stages leave 3 times a week for Cambridge via Chestertown, Easton, &c. CHESTKRTOVVN, situated on Chester river, 30 miles from Chesapeake bay, contains two churches, a branch of the University of Maryland, an academy, and about 1 ,000 inhabitants. EASTON, on Tread Haven bay, 13 miles from its entrance into Chesa- peake bay and from Elkton, has a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. CAMBRIDGE, situated on Choptank river, twelve miles from its entrance into the Chesapeake bay, has a court-house, two churches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week for Elkton, and twice fur Snow Hill. SNOW HILL, situated on the east side of Pocomoke river, contains a court-house, an academy, 5 churches, and about 800 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week for Wilmington, Del., and for J^comac and East- villc, Va. Barren Creek Mineral Spring is 23 miles from Cambridge. The waters contain oxide of iron, soda, and magnesia combined with muriatic acid ; they are tonic and diuretic, and have been found serviceable in bilious complaints. WESTMINISTER is situated on the head waters of the Patap.co river, and contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. EMMETTSBURG, situated on the Monacacy river, in a pretty rural country, has four churches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants. Two miles distant is Mount St. Mary's College, under the direction of the Roman Catholics, founded in J830; it has a president and 11 instructors, 130 students, and 4,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is in the last week in June. Stages leave three times a week for Frederick. FREDERICK, the second place of importance in the state, is situated on a branch of Monacacy creek, 61 miles from Baltimore, and is surrounded 100 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. by a picturesque and highly fertile country. Its streets are wide, and regularly laid out. The city contains an elegant court-house, county othces, several banks, a market-house, twelve churches, several scientific and literary institutions, and 5,200 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for Baltimore. Stages leave 3 times a week for Gettysburg. Pa. HAGERSTOWN, 70 miles from Baltimore, is pleasantly situated on the Antictam creek. It contains a court-house, 2 banks, 2 academies, a town- hall, 9 churches, and 3,800 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Frederick. HANCOCK, situated on the left bank of the Potomac river, has 2 churches, an academy, and 400 inhabitants. CUMBERLAND is situated on the left bank of Potomac river, at the en- trance of Wills creek, 178 miles from Baltimore. It contains a court- house, a market-house, a bank, five churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. It occupies the site of Fort Cumberland, and the mountain scenery in the vicinity is picturesque, varied, and beautiful. Extensive beds of coal exist in the surrounding hills and mountains. Cars leave daily for Bnlti- nwre, (fare $7.) Stages leave far Wheeling, Va., (fare $4 ;) and stages m connection with steamboats at Brownsville, Pa.,forPittsburg t (fare $3.} THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA occup.es a space of 60 square miles, and is situated on the left bank of |jthe Potomac r. 120 miles from its entrance into Chesa- i peake bay. The territory was formerly 10 miles square, ^and was ceded by the states of Maryland and Vir- 1 ginia, for the purpose of becoming the seat of the i. government of the Republic. The portion west of the ] Potomac was retroceded to Virginia in 1846. The District, which is under the immediate jurisdiction of Congress, contains the cities of Washington and Georgetown. Pop. 35,000. WASHINGTON, the capital of the United States, is situated on the left bank of the Potomac, at its confluence with the Anacostia, in N. lat. 38 U 52' 45", and W. Ion. 76 55' 30" from Greenwich. It is 205 miles from the ocean by the course of the river, 38 from Baltimore, and 225 from New York. It contained, in 1840, 23,364 inhabitants. The city is encompassed by a fine range of hills, and covered in part with trees and /hrubbery, presenting verdant and cultivated slopes. The ground on which it is built has a general elevation of about forty feet above the river. In planning the city, the most advantageous ground was ap- propriated for the different edifices, and for several squares, commanding extensive prospects, and susceptible of such improvements as use or ornament might require. Avenues of direct communication have been made, connecting distant objects with the principal ones. North and south lines, crossed by others running east and west, divide the city into street* mid squares. The avenues are named after the respective states, and the DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 101 Capitol is the point from which the streets are named, those north being called A North, &c., and those south, A South, &c. ; those east and west, 1st East, &c., and 1st West, &c., respectively. The avenues are from 120 to 160 feet wide ; Pennsylvania avenue, leading from the Capitol to the President's house, has a sidewalk twenty-six feet wide, paved, and planted with trees, the carriage-way being macadamized. The Capitol is a large and massy^building of the Corinthian order of architecture, and is built of freestone. It is situated ~ in the centre of the square, 1 on an eminence 78 feet 3 above the tide, and is com- 1 posed of a central edifice | with two wings, with projection on the west side. | It covers H acres and 1,8-20 1 square feet, exclusive off the circular enclosure for | fuel, forming an elegant \ area and glacier on the I .^,,.,^^, WI , 1I1 west front. The length of the Iront is '&&t feet, including the wings ; the depth of the wings is 121 feet. The projection on the east or main front, including the steps, is 65 feet wide, and another on the west front 83 feet wide. On the east front there is a splendid portico of 22 columns 38 feet high ; and on the west front is a portico of ten columns. The height of the building to the top of the dome is 120 feet. Under the dome, in the middle of the building, is the Rotunda, 95 feet in diameter, and of the same height, and adorned with sculpture, in stone panels in bold relief: the subjects of these are Smith delivered by the interposition of Pocahon- tas the Landing of the Pilgrims the conflict of Boone with the Indians and Penn treating with the Indians; and the four celebrated paintings by Trumbull, representing the presentation of the Declaration of Indepen- dence to Congress the surrender of Burgoyne to Gates the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown and Washington resigning his commission to Congress at Annapolis ; also the baptism of Pocahontas, by Chapman ; and the Embarkation of the Pilgrims, by Weir. The east front has also, in two niches, colossal figures in marble, of Peace and of War, and a fine marble statue of COLUMBUS, by Persico, has just been added to this entrance. The colossal statue of WASHINGTON, by Greenough, has been placed in the East Park, in a neat temple erected for the purpose. To the west of the Rotunda is the library room of Congress, 92 by 34 feet, and 36 feet in height, containing 30,000 volumes. In the second story of the south wing is the Hall of the House of Representatives, of a semicircular form, 96 feet long and 60 feet high, with a dome supported by 24 columns of native variegated marble, and with capitals of Italian marble. This room is ornamented by some fine statuary and paintings. The Senate Chamber is in the second story of the north wing, and is gemicircular, like that of the Representatives, but smaller, being 78 feet long and 45 feet high. Below the Senate Chamber, and nearly of the same form and dimensions, though much less elegant, is the room of the Supreme Court of the United States ; and there are in the building 70 rooms for the accommodation of committees and officers of Congress. Around the Capitol are 22 acres of park, highly ornamented with trees of many varieties, shrubbery, fountains, &c. 102 .DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. The President's House is an elegant edifice of freestone, two stories high, at the intersection of I Pennsylvania, Virginia, New | York, Connecticut, and Ver- |mont avenues, and stands jnear the centre of a park of 1 20 acres, at an elevation of ^ 44 feet above the river. The 5 front entrance faces north 6 upon La Fayette Square, and fe the southern front, towards the garden, presents a fine view of the city, of the Potomac river, and the shores of Maryland and Virginia. The building is 170 feet front and 86 feet deep. The north front is ornamented with a fine Ionic portico of four lofty columns, projecting with three columns. The outer inter columniation is for carriages to drive into, to place the company under shelter. The middle space is the entrance for visitors who come on foot ; the steps from both lead to a broad platform in front of the door of en- trance. The interior is elegantly constructed and richly furnished. On the east of the President's House are two large buildings ; there are also two others on the west, for the accommodation of the Departments of State, of the Treasury, of War, and of the Navy. The General Post- office, and the Patent-office, are also extensive buildings. The new Treasury building has a splendid colonnade 457 feet in length. The General Post-office is of the Corinthian order. The Pn tent-office, in ad- dition to other spacious apartments, has one room in the upper story 275 feet long and 65 feet wide, and when completed by wings, will be up- wards of 400 feet in length. The portico of this building is of the same extent as that of the Parthenon at Athens. The Navy Yard is on the eastern branch, about three- fourths of a mfle southeast of the Capitol, and contains 27 acres. It has houses for officers, shops, and warehouses, two large ship-houses, an armory, &c. The city contains 30 places of worship, two orphan asylums, three banks, a city- hall, an hospital, a penitentiary, a theatre, 12 academies, &c. Columbian College was incorporated in 1821. It is pleasantly situated on elevated ground north of the President's house. It has a medical department attached. In the several departments are a president. 10 professors, and 104 students. It has 4,200 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Wednesday of October. The National Institution for the Promotion of Science, was organized in 1840. It meets monthly. Its collections are in the* grand hall of the Patent-office. The United States Exploring Expedition has added largely to its collection. The Union Literary Society holds a weekly discussion at the lecture-room of the Medical College. The City Library contains 6,000 volumes, The Congressional Cemetery, a mile east of the Capitol, is handsomely laid out, and contains many sculptured tombs, monuments, &c. It is tastefully adorned with trees and shrubbery. The seat of the Federal government was removed to Washington city in 1800. The north wing of the Capitol was commenced September 16th, 1793; the President, George Washington, laid the corner-stone: the architect was Pierre C. L'Enfant. Cars leave Washington daily for Boston, via Baltimore, Philadelphia, and JV*. York. Steamboat for Norfolk. -Stages for St. Louis, Cincinnati, Detroit, &c. Steamboat, railroad, and staff t line forN. O. via Richmond, WUmington, Charleston, Mobile, See routes DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 103 ' No traveller should leave Washington without making a pilgrimage to Mount Vernon. It is on the bank of the Potomac, fifteen miles from the city. A recent traveller thus describes the spot and his visit. " After a few miles of riding through the forest, with occasional openings and culti- vated spots, my friend pointed out a stone sunk in the ground by the road- side, which, he suid, marked the beginning of the Mount Vernon estate. Still we rode on for a couple of miles, before the gate and porter's lodge came in sight. After passing the gate, we had still a distance of half a mile before us, and the simple carriage-path led us over a surface much diversified, while the trees were most grand and forest-like. We crossed a brook, passed through a ravine, and felt ourselves so completely in the midst of aboriginal, untouched nature, that the sight of the house and the cluster of surrounding buildings,_came like a surprise upon me. The approach to the , house is towards j the west front. | The door fromf the piazza open- ed directly into| a large room,*; which we enter- f ed. It was no| mere habit that" _^^_^. . lifted the hat from my head, and~i stepped lightly, as though upon hallowed ground. . . . The rooms of the house are spacious, and there is something of elegance in their arrangement; yet the whole is marked by great simplicity. All the regard one could wish, seems to have been shown to the sacredness of these public relics, and all things have been kept very nearly as Washington left them. Let every Ameri- can, and especially every young American, visit this place, and catch something of its spirit. It will make an impression on him which may endure through life At a short distance from the house, in a retired spot, stands the new family tomb, a plain structure of brick, with a barred iron gate, through which are seen two sarcophagi of white marble, side by side, containing the remains of Washington and his consort. The old family tomb, in which he was first placed, is in a more picturesque situation, upon a knoll, in full view of the river; but the present one is more retired, which was reason enough to determine the wishes of a modest man." GEORGETOWN, on the left bank of the Potomac river, is two miles west of Washington, from which it is separated by Rock creek, over which are two bridges. The situation is pleasant, commanding a fine view of the Potomac river, the city of Washington, and of the adjacent country ; and it contains many elegant buildings and country-seats. It has four banks, a market-house, 7 churches, 6 academies, a college, and 7,312 in- habitants. Georgetown College, founded in 1791, under the direction of the Roman Catholics, has two spacious brick edifices, finely situated. It has a president and 14 professors, or other instructors, 90 alumni, 140 students, and 25,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is near the last of July. It was authorized by Congress, in 1815, to confer degrees. There is also a nunnery, called the Convent of Visitation, founded in 1798, which contains from 50 to 70 nuns, attached to which is a large female academy, which generally contains 100 young ladies, in- structed by the nuns. The Chesapeake and Ohio canal commences at 104 STATE OF VIRGINIA. this place, which is designed to be extended to the Ohio river, nnd which has heen recently continued to Alexandria. Omnibuses arrive from and depart for Washington every 15 minutes. ALEXANDRIA, seven miles below Washington, is finely situated on the right bank of the Potomac, which has a depth of water here sufficient for vessels of the largest class. The city is considerably elevated, ascending gradually from the river; the streets cross each other at right angles. It contains a court-house, 10 churches, two banks, two insurance com- panies, a museum, 8 academies, and 8,500 inhabitants. The Museum is well worth attention. It. contains more personal relics of Gen. Washing- Ion than can be found elsewhere, and also a large and curious collection of specimens in natural history. The city has considerable shipping, and exports wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. The Chesapeake and Ohio canal extends to this place. Steamboats ply hourly to and from Washington. VIRGINIA lies between 36 33' and 40 43' N. lat., and between 75 25' and 83 40' W. Ion. It is 370 miles long and 200 broad at its greatest width, con- taining 64,000 square miles. Population in 1840, 1,239,797. f As regards surface and soil, this state mny be di- / vided into four sections. The eastern includes a tract of about 100 or 120 miles in width, and is generally low and level, and in some places marshy ; it has a j light sandy soil, mostly covered with pines. West of the line of the head of tide-water the country becomes " undulating and hilly, until it attains one continuous I mountain elevation, known as the Blue Ridge, cross- ing uio enure width of the state. The alluvial lands in this tract are for the most part very fertile, those of James river especially being un- usually productive. The third section includes the valley between the JBlue Ridge and the Alleghany mountains. This tract, though in parts broken by mountains, is generally the most fertile and healthy part of the state. The fourth section includes the country between the Alleghany chain and the Ohio ; this portion, though in many places wild and broken, has a great deal of fine fertile land, with vast deposites of coal, iron, salt, &c. The Potomac river separates Virginia from Maryland. James river is the largest which belongs to this state. It is 500 miles in length, and flows from the mountains in the interior, behind the Blue Ridge, through which it passes. It is navigable for sloops 120 miles, and for boats much further, and flows into Chesapeake bay. The Appamattox is 130 miles long, and STATE OF VIRGINIA. 105 enters James river 100 miles above Hampton Roads, and is navigable 12 miles to Petersburg. The Rappahannock, 130 miles long, and navigable 110 miles for sloops, rises in the Blue Ridge, and flows into the Chesa- peake. York river enters the Chesapeake 30 miles below the Rappahan- nock, and is navigable 40 miles for ships. The Shenandoah enters the Potomac just before its passage through the Blue Ridge. Of the rivers west of the mountains, the Great Kanawha rises in North Carolina, passes through this state, and enters the Ohio. The Little Kanawha also flows into the Ohio. The Monongahela rises in this state, though it runs chiefly in Pennsylvania. The lower part of Chesapeake bay lies wholly in this state, is 15 miles wide at its mouth, and enters the Atlantic between Cape Charles and Cape Henry. The executive power is vested in a governor, elected by the joint vote of the two houses of the General Assembly. He is chosen for three years, and is ineligible for the next three. There is a council of state, elected in like manner for three years, the seat of one being vacated every year. The senior councillor is lieutenant-governor. The senators can never be more than 36, and the delegates than 150; and both are apportioned anew among the counties every ten years. The senators are elected for four years, and the seats of one-fourth of them are vacated every year. The delegates are chosen annually. All appointments to any office of trust, honor, or profit, by the legislature, are made openly, or viva voce, and not by ballot. The judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals, and of the superior courts, are elected by the joint vote of both houses of the General Assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until removed by a joint vote of two-thirds of the legislature. The right of suffrage is extended to every resident white male citizen 21 years of age, entitled to vote by the former constitution ; or who owns a freehold valued at $25, or a joint interest in a freehold to that amount; or who has a life estate, or a reversionary title to land valued at $50, having been so possessed for six months ; or who shall own, or be in occupation of a leasehold estate having been recorded two months, for a term not less than five years, of the annual value or rent of $200; or who for 12 months shall have been a housekeeper and head of a family, and paid the taxes assessed by the commonwealth. The literary institutions in this state are William and Mary College, at Williamsburg ; Hampden Sidney College, in Prince Edward county, with a medical department in Richmond ; Washington College, at Lex- ington; Randolph Macon College, at Boydton ; the University of Vir- ginia, at Charlottesville ; St. Vincent's College, at Richmond ; and Rich- mond College, do. There are theological schools at Richmond and in Fairfax county. There are about 400 academies and 2,000 common schools. Virginia is sometimes called the Ancient Dominion, having been settled in April, 1607, at Jamestown, on James river, which was the first white settlement in the United States. In convention, June 25th, 1788, the constitution of the United States was adopted yeas 89, nays 79. Jamestown, the first settlement in British America, was commenced by Capt. John Smith and his companions, May 13th, 1607. The site is a point of land projecting into James river, seven miles distant from Wil- liamsburg. Of this interesting spot, little now remains but a church- yard, and the tower of an ancient church a venerable memento of an- tiquity, carrying back the mind of the traveller, as he hurries by in a passing steamer, to scenes long since vanished " down time's lengthening Jvay." 5* 106 STATE OF VIRGINIA. RICHMOND, the capital of the state, is beautifully situated on the left bunk of James river, at the lower falls, and ]50 miles above it* entrance into Chesapeake bay. It is 117 miles from Washington, and 343 from New York. Popu- lation in 1H40, ;JO,1 53. The city is well situated for com- merce, being at the head of tide-water, on the river; vessers drawing ten feet of water come to Rockets, a mile below the centre of the city, and those drawing 15 feet to Warwick, 3 miles below. There are locks around the falls in James river, and above them it is navigable for boats 220 miles. A canal extends to Lynchburg, a distance of 116 miles. Manchester is directly opposite to the city, and is con- nected with it by two bridges. The situation of Richmond is healthy and highly picturesque. The streets cross each other at right angles, and the houses are well built. Shockoe and Richmond hills are opposite to each other, Shockoe ;reek passing between them : the city is spread over these hills and along the margin of the creek. Shockoe Hill, which is a favorite place of residence, is an elevated plain ; and near its brow is Capitol Square, a beautiful public ground. In the centre of this ground stands the Capitol, in a conspicuous and commanding situation, having a portico in front, with an entablature supported by lofty Ionic columns. Within the building, in an open hall, stands a marble statue of Washing" ton, by Hodoun. The City-hall, fronting the Capitol Square, is an ele- gant building of the Grecian order of architecture. There are in the city 23 churches, 3 banks, two insurance companies, an armory, a theatre, a female asylum, a penitentiary, 13 academies, and a free Lancasteriati school. The city is supplied with water which is elevated by hydraulic power into three reservoirs containing a million of gallons each, from which it is distributed in pipes throughout the city. The Medical de- partment of Hampden Sidney College has a fine building of the Egyptian order of architecture ; it has a dean and five members of the faculty. St. Vincent's College, under the control of the Roman Catholics, is about one mile east of the city. It has a president and about 50 students. Richmond College, under the direction of the Baptists, is one mile west of the city. It has a president, 5 professors, and 100 students. Richmond was founded in 1742, and was made the capital of the state in 1780. Steamboats leave daily for Hampton Roads, Norfolk, Arc. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Washington, (fare $5 ;) for Wilming- ton, JV. C., (fare $10.50;) 'for Gordonsville, (fare $3.25;) ami for Raleigh, JV. C. Stages leave 3 times a week f {. Ill 8 10 25 37 42 47 JL- N. 1 12 29 41 49 54 GL- E. 7 16 26 45 59 66 L'A 1 10 13 18 f.3 62 85 L'A 1 try 9 Camden <$ Woodbury Railroad. Woodbury 8 Q READING | 8 10 6 4 7 4 5 13 12 5 12 1 IE V m \ 12 4 10 10 4 Im 15 ' tin 5 5 8 7 9 IK u r. ac 3 5 2 3 H 1 5 3 2 f 5rt 6t> 72 76 83 87 92 1(15 117 122 134 135 L'A ]h- tl- 135 147 151 161 171 175 ira 190 206 215 irff 233 240 213 2oo L'A . 4 11 14 19 21 24 30 34 36 41 46 49 i 54 f,l ** " " * Clinton... Hamburg Tunnel.... 1500 ft. !*ort Clinton ,andringsville ... Schuylkill Haven POTTSVILLE StdffC. Fountain Spring.. Bear Gap Sfarksville ANSFIELD (215) FR'M PHILJ PHIA TO TUCKER ToCamden,N. J. Evesham Stage. Clarksboro' Swedesboro* Sharpstown 1 I ID 11; ilh 2 5 2 3 8 3 6 3 4 6 4 8 3 8 12 H 10 1 4 9 6 I 11 4 4 7 12 13 19 26 35 EL- LM- cs- 4 if 13 16 1 40 46 50 58 61 65 72 80 92 RK) 110 111 115 124 130 149 153 157 164 176 183 190 L'A i>i ad- iff, 6 8 14 17 (220) FR'M PHILJ PHIA TO BlNG TON, N. Y., Via Easton $ W barre. To Rising Sun ... Miles tow 11 Sooy's Inn Bass River Hotel. TUCKERTON (216) FR'M PHILJ PHLATO ABSECOJ To Camden. N.J. Haddonrield Long-a-Coming.. Winslow May's Landing .. Burgaintown Shamokiii Sunbtiry NORTHUMBERL'D (222) F'M PHILAI TO CORNING, N. Via Reading, J\ umbertand, anc liamsport. To Northumber- land Milton \ l>i iijzton Willow Grove... Horsham Doylestown Danboro' Ottsville Absecombe (217) F'M PHILAI TO CAPE ISLAJ Via Tuckaho To Camden, N. J. Chew's Landing . Good Intent Cross Keys Monroe Raubsville EASTON . McEwensville Muncy Montouresville ... WlLHAMSPORT.. Williamsp't < " all 5 3 10 12 10 6 4 50 3E 7?fc ill 5 4 7 4 i) 2 26 15 (i l.i 22 14 105 110 114 12-1 lk n-: !,( 156 164 172 17s 1 l!h m 215 2:11 242 24: i 2.')2 271 277 283 287 29? 300 L'A ind 106 ey 111 III 121 136 146 152 lot; 306 L'A lie- . 163 !(> 172 179 IK! 192 194 220 241 2:)4 27ti Shippenville Cranberry Franklin 4 K) 8 12 12 12 10 14 )E NK . I 3 2 6 4 H 3 3 6 8 8 10 5 I 4 HI 3 4 6 10 1 3 3 3 2 3 4 3 4 7 10 3E N 1 2: is 317 320 332 344 356 ;>:; 380 L'A 10 13 15 21 25 31 34 37 43 51 58 69 74 77 81 NK 8 11 15 21 31 32 !;; A 2 6 9 12 15 18 21 25 27 30 41 48 58 L ^ 6 11 Paradise Abbottstown .... New Oxford GETTYSBURG .... iterprise Sugar Creek MEADVILLE Rockdale. ^.NCASTKR Harrisburg fr Lc ter Railroad Mt Joy tie '; t> 9 )E i, C T- 8 7 15 6 6 3 12 5 6 5 9 5 6 2 6 5 5 3 2 < 5 4 1!) 14 10 8 7 11 8 DE J, 3u lai \ sv 6 H 71 as- 83 90 91 97 106 [/A nd lot; 114 121 136 142 148 1 ! it;:; 1(18 171 17!) |SS m 199 201 207 212 217 230 231 25!) 2:;i 2.<:i 2:tl 298 317 L'A im- l, n 72 i Me 90 96 Cashtown Kay ettev rile CHAMBERSBURG. St. Thomas Wnterford ERIE Elizabethtown . . . Tunnel London M'Connellsburg .. Harrisonville Ray's Hill (227) F'M PHILAI TO MAUCH CHU Via AllentowH To Rising Sun... Germantown ChesnutHill White Marsh Upper Dublin Montgomeryville . Line Lexington .. Seller's Tavern... Bunker Hill Q,uakertown Coopersburg ALLENTOWN North Whitehall . Lehigh Gap Parrysville Lehighton MAUCH CHUNK* . * FR'M MAUCH C TO BERWICK To Lausanne Beaver Meadows. Hazleton Conyngham Nescopeck Middletown HARRISBURG (224) F'M PHILAI TO PlTTSBUR< Via Harrisburg Hotlidaysbur To HARRISBURG (see No. 223)... Dauphin Benvenue Millerstown Thompsontown .. Mexico Miifiintown LEWIS-TOWN Strode's Mills .... McVeytown Atkinson's Mills.. Mill Creek Bloody Run Bedford Schellsburg Stoyestown Laurel Hill... Laughlintown Ligomer Youngstown Greensburg Adamsburg Stewartsville Turtle Creek E. Liberty PlTTSBURG (225i) F'M PHILAI TO PlTTSBUR Via Harrisburg Chambersburg To HARRISBURG (see No. 223) ... Cumberland V Railroad. Shiremantown ... Mechanicsburg. . . CARLISLE H UNTINGDON Alexandria. . . . Water Street Yellow Springs .. Canoe Creek Frankstown HOLLIDAYSBITRG. Duncansville Summit BERWICK (228) F'M PHILAI TOP'RTDEPOSFI Kingsessing Munster EBENSBURG Armagh Shippensburg Green Village CHAMBERSBURGf. Stage. PlTTSBURG (see No. 225)...] (226) F'wPHiLAi TO ERIE, Via Harrisburg, fonte, &r Meadv To Lewistown (see No. 224)... Brown's Mills Valley Blairsville New Alexandria . Salem M Roads .. Murraysville Wilkinshurg PlTTSBURG (225) F'MPHILA] TO PlTTSBUR no. Columbia & ( bersburg. Columbia Railr To LANCASTER (see No. 223)... Dillerviile Gibbons' Tavern . Nether Provi- dence. . . Lima. . . . Ivy Mills . .. Concordville Chadd'sFord .... Hamorton . ... Kennett's Square. A vondale Westgrove New London X Roads Potter's Mill Old Fort BELLEFONTE Milesburg Brick Meeting- house, Md PORT DEPOSIT. . . (229) F'M PHILAI TOSOMERVILLE, To Milestown.... Abington Mountville .., Wrightsville York # Wright Railroad. Hoover's YORK... Clearfield Curwinsville Luthersburg Brookville Strattonsville ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA. 125 Willow Grove ... Jjatboro' 2 2 4 9 6 1 6 6 b IK E s m. ni R 7 4 2 8 4 2 6 6 \ 5 1 P J'j E. \ 13 "6'7 16 ! 3 DE 1 13 15 19 28 34 ; J 5 41 47 54 63 L'A ig- 3 10 14 17 19 27 99 45 51 54 ft 61! t>5 4 ^ 97 IIA 8 % 35 ck- 51 67 90 103 112 115 L'A 19 Trenton & JV. B wick RR. Princeton Kingston New Brunswick.. JVeto Jersey R Metuchin Rahway Elizabethtowu ... Newark ru 'J 14 R 8 5 6 8 ns- n 4:j 57 61 69 74 79 8; New Albany Monroetown TOWANDA (235) FROM Wi BARRE TO H DALE. To Plainsville.... Pittston Ferry Lackawanna Hyde Park 6 \ LK JN 4 4 3 3 6 6 & ra NK 5 ST 4 8 4 5 it ST "N 5 4 u 4 7 4 10 ST OS I 3 3 5 BU 5 113 121 125 ES- K.S- j 17 20 23 35 44 LE 2 8 17 22 30 ER 1 16 20 1 ER 7 12 19 1 32 39 43 53 ER IT, 1 :? 20 24 27 30 35 RG 9 14 Hartsyille Buckingham NEW HOPE Lambertsville, J\J Flemington Centreville SOMERVILLE (230) F'jvrPmLA] TO BALTIMOR Via Wilmingtt Philadelphia, Wil\ ton, $ Baltimore To Gray's Ferry.. Lazaretto Jersey City Steamboat. NEW YORK BOSTON (see No. 122)... 5 (232) FR'MEAST< MlLFORD. To Martin's Creek Rich mond 1 14 )N 5 2 2 2 5 6 4 4 6 88 302 TO 8 13 15 19 24 30 44 Blakeley CARBONDALE Waymart llo.NKSDALE (236) F'M POTTS TO MAUCH CHU To Port Carbon .. Middleport Chester Marcus' Hook Nnaman's Creek. WILMINGTON.... Newport Stone Church Mt. Bethel Dill's Ferry Tamaqua Summit Hill ..... MAUCH CHUNK . . (237) F'M LANCA TO READING To Neffsville Litiz Newark Elkton Dutotsburg Craig's Meadow . Coolbaugh's Bushkill Northeast Charlestown Cecil Delaware Havre de Grace . . Hall's X Roads... Ferryman's Gunpowder Harewood Chase's Dingman's Ferry. MlLFORD.. (233) FR'MEA.ST CARBONDALE To Bel fast... 6 6 )N 10 6 5 7 10 8 5 7 6 50 56 TO 6 16 22 27 34 44 52 57 (-.4 70 Ephratah Reamstown Adamstown READING (238) F'M LANCA TO NORRISTOW To Leacock New Holland Churchtown Morgantown Marsh E. Nantmeal Chester Springs . . Phcenixville Stemmer's Run . . Clinton. . Wind Gap Snydersville Bartonsville Stanhope BALTIMORE FROM PHILADE TO BALTIMOR Steamboat. ToFortMifflin... Denton .. Sterling Hamilton Waymart Marcus' Hook New Castle JV*eto Castle $ F town RR. Frenchtown Steamboat. Turkey Point Pool's Island NorthPoint Fort McHenry BALTIMORE (231) F'MPHILA TO BOSTON. Steamboat. To Bristol CARBONDALE 6 (234) FR'M EASTON TOWANDA, Via Mauch Chunk t Berwick. To Bath '/6 TO ind 10 19 24 32 3*i 44 47 51 57 64 67 68 78 s<; 107 Railroad. NORRISTOWN (239) F'M LANCA TO PORT DEP Md. To Willow Street Smithville Buck Cherry ville 9 5 8 8 3 4 6 7 3 lit 8 21 Lehigh Gap Lehighton MAUOH CHUNK.. Lausanne Chesnut Level.... Greene . . . Pleasant Grove... Rock Springs, Md Rowlandsville.... PORT DEPOSIT... (240) F'M HARRIS TO EASTON, Via Reading ToHummellstown Palmyra.. .. Beaver Meadows. Hazleton Conyngham.t Zeisersville gescopeck Phila. y 15 20 5 5 4 10109 7116 2118 (245) FR'M NORTHUM- BERLAND TO HOLLI- DAYSBURG. South Creek Southport, N.Y.. To Lewisburg Mifflinburg Hartleton Aaronsburg Millheim Spring Mills Old Fort Bolesburg Pine Grove Mills . Baileyyille " ilerain Forge, 5 5 14 1 5 5 43 " 50 M M 70 76 Water Street ..... HOLLIDAYSBURG. (246) F'M HARRISBURG TO HAGERSTOWN,Md. Via Carlisle <$r Ckam- bersburg. Cumberland Valley Railroad. To Shiremantown] Mechanicsburg. .. CARLISLE Newville Shippensburg Green Village.... CHAMBERSBURG. Franklin Railroad. Marion Green Castle State Line 76 80 88||ilAGERSTOWN ... (247) F'M HARRISBURG TO BALTIMORE, Via York. To New Cumber-] land York Haven Manchester YORK Baltimore & Maryland Line RR. Tunnel... Smyser's . Heathcote Strasburg 41 I 44 Baltimore < Susque- tiannah RR. Summit Whitehall Westerrnan's Clarksville Washington Fac. Melvale BALTIMORE (248) FR'M PITTS: TO ERIE. To Alleghany .... Bakerstown Glade Mills Butler Brownington Slippery Rock North Liberty.... MERCER Culbertson's Meadville Woodcock Rockdale Waterford ERIE 4106 10116 14130 (249) FR'M PITTSBURO TO JAMESTOWN, N. York, Via Mercer., Franklin, < Warren. To Mercer Henderson FRANKLIN Cornplanter Perry Deerfield Irvine WARREN Russellburj Carroll, N. JAMESTOWN Iburg ,N.Y 7117 12129 136 7143 8151 6157 (250) FR'M PITTSBURG TO CLEVELAND, O. Via Beaver. To Alleghany.... I I 1 Sewickly Bottom. 1131 14 ROUTES IN DELAWARE. 127 Economy 3 7 3 14 II 4 5 3 6 6 6 5 5 6 6 4 6 7 6 6 HI Vt 8 10 7 10 or IL 9 4 5 4 3 ur L). 7 9 12 5 3 4 17 24 3? 41 51 55 t;o ti3 til! 75 81 M !>1 97 103 107 11:; 11- 125 131 137 RG L. 10 18 25 35 42 46 56 RG LE, 13 22 m 31 35 38 RG 27 34 43 45 47 59 64 67 71 (253) F'M ERIE TC FALO, N. Y. To Westleyville. . Harbor Creek B 4 E ji S 7 8 4 3 8 4 12 E in 17 3 4 9 6 8 2 8 7 6 5 6 3 9 Bl K at t/t 8 7 10 6 5 8 1 10 11 10 3 UF- 4 8 13 17 ~>(l 28 36 38 45 53 57 60 68 72 79 91 TO d 12 29 32 36 45 51 59 61 6!) "6 82 ^7 93 96 105 RG r. es- ',. 10 18 I 41 4i ; 54 55 65 76 86 89 Mti (256) FR'M PITTSBURO TO BALTIMORE, Md. Via Brownsville, Cum- berland, $ Harper's Ferry. Steamboat. To BROWNSVILLE 40 Uniontown 12 52 BEAVER Petersburg, O. . . . New Middletown. Northville Boardman Canfield Ripley, N.Y Westfield Ellsworth Frederick Salem X Roads... Fredonia Somerfield Addison Little Crossing 21 4 13 13 10 * 8 13 4 12 9 9 5 7 1 5 8 11 30 47 14 lv 4 9 5 19 111 7 13 6 Gl Vt Si 7 12 12 3 5 5 8 12 8 73 77 90 103 113 IR. 121 134 138 150 159 168 173 184 186 191 1!H) 210 291 RG a. 40 44 53 58 77 87 94 101 114 120 ON . ow ,1 16 23 a5 1 68 % 9ti Edinburg RAVENNA Franklin Mills.... Stow Sheridan Silver Creek Irving Frostburg CUMBERLAND Baltimore & Ohio Patterson's Creek. Little Cacapon... Pawpaw Tunnel . DoeGulleyTun'l. Great Cacapon... Hancock . Evans Hudson Twinsburg Bedford Hamburg (on the Lake) Newburg CLEVELAND (251) FR'M PITTS TO WHEELING, To Herriottsville . Cannonsburg Washington Claysville W. Alexander . . . Triadelphia, Va.. WHEELING (251f) F'M PITTS TO STEUBENV Ohio. To Fayetteville . . Bavington BUFFALO 1 (254) FROM ERI CLEVELAND Via rfshtabula Painesville. To Fairview Coneaut, Ohio ... Amboy. . Walnut Bend .... BackCr'k Bridge. Hedgesville Depot Hedgesville Road. Martmsburg Kerneysville HARPER'S FERRY Frederick Kingsville ASHTABULA Say brook (Jnionville Ellicott's Mills... BALTIMORE (257) FR'M PITTS TO CLARKSBURG Steamboat. To Brownsville. . . Stage. Merrittstown Masontown New Geneva Morgantown, Va. Whiteday Perry PAINESVILLE Mentor Willoughby E Euclid Paris . Euclid Hollidays Cove, Va CLEVELAND (255) FR'M PITTS TO MAYSVILLE, Via. Wheeling, Z ville, < 92 St.TVIartin's, Md.. Flagg's Mill MARTINSBURG... Warm Spring R'd JNewark SNOW HILL Sandy Hill Horntown, Va. .. Accoman (261) F'M BALTIMO TO HARRISBURO. Railroad. To YORK RE 57 63 67 7S 82 RE nd 16 ft 3 42 5ii 22S RK ry, sli- 8 q 12 2< 2-] 28 ol 34 37 4 ; K 57 56 61 6.-, \\'. I S *1 8;-] ,St 87 90 Hedgesville Road. Myer'sWater Sta- Modestown . Accomac C. H. . . Onancock Pungoteague Bellhaveri Hedgesville Depot N. Mountain Wa- ter Station Back Cr'k Bridge Runner's Ferry Road Licking Water Station Stage. 6 4 11 4 vto *, a S 12 7 7 10 76 MC J>> b Va R 3 2 6 3 1 4 3 3 3 6 6 4 1 3 4 4 1 4 a i 2 2 3 1 3 Franktown EASTVILLE (259) FR'M ELKT SNOW HILL. To Warwick Head of Sassafras Georgetown t*1 Roads York Haven New Cumberland. HARRISBURO (262) F'M BALTI TO PlTTSBURi Via Gettysburg Chambersburg To Pikesville Reistertown Westminster Union Mills Littlestown, Pa. . Gettysburg PITT s BUR G (seeNo.22o)...: (263) F'M BALTI TO WHEKLIN Via Harper's J Cumberland, $ \ ington, Pa. Bolt. <$r Ohio E To Relay House. . Walnut Bend .... HANCOCK St. John's Run... Great Cacapon... Rockwell's Run.. Doe Gulley Tun' . No. 12 Water Sta- tion Chestertown Church Hill Centreville Wye Mills Pawpaw Tunnel.. Little Cacapon... Green Spring Run Patterson's Creek. CUMBERLAND Stage. Frostbnrg ] Easton . Trappe CAMBRIDGE Big Mills Vienna Salisbury Little Crossing ... Addison, Pa ] Somerfield SNOW HILL FROM BALTIMOR BOSTON, Via Philadelphic New York. (See No. 278) (260) F'M BALTI TO COLUMBIA, Bait. & StisQue'h To Melvale Washington Fac. Relay House Ryder's Lane Timonium Uniontown 5 Brownsville : E.Bethlehem .... Beallsville . Hillsboro' Ilchester Washington ] Ellicott's Mills ... Elysville . W. Alexander Triadelphia,Va.. WHEELING ; (264) F'M BALTIC TO HANCOCK, Via Frederick ana gerstown. Baltimore $ Ohio To Frederick.... Stage. Middletown I Boonsboro' ! Funkstown 8 Hagerstown ! Clear Spring 1 Park Head 1-, HANCOCK ll Putney's Bridge.. Woodstock Marriotts ville Sykesville Hood's Mills Woodbine Mt. Airy Clarksville Monrovia Cockeysville Westerman's Uams ville Reel's Mill ... Monocacy FREDERICK Doup's Switch... Point of Rocks ... Catoctin Switch . Berlin Monkton Mills . . . Whitehall Parkton Freeland's Summit York & Maryland, Railroad. Strasburg. . Knoxville Weverton HARPER'S FERRY Peacher'sMili.... Hall Town Road. Duffielu's Leetown Road . . . (265) F'M BALTIN TO CHAMBERSBU To Hagerstown | (see No. 264) ... State Line Heathcote's Smyser's . . Tunnel . YORK... ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. 129 (266) F'M BALTIMORE TO WASHINGTON, DC. Bait. Sf Ohio RR. To Relay House.. I I 8 Washington Br. RR. Elkridge Landing Junction ........ Laurel Factory.. Beltsville ........ Bladensburg ..... WASHINGTON (267) F'M BALTIMORE TO ANNAPOLIS. Railroad. ToElkridge Land-] ing ............. Junction ......... Putuxent Forge . . Brotherton ....... ANNAPOLIS ....... (268) F'M BALTIMORE TO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, Va., Via Harper's Ferry, Winchester, &f Statin- ton. Bolt. $ Ohio RR. To Harper's Fer- ry, Va. (see No. 263)... Winchester & Potomac Halltowi' Railroad. Charlestown , Cameron's. Thompson Stephenson's . WINCHESTER... Stage. Newtown Ste- phensburg Middletown Strasburg Tom's Brook.... Woodstock Stony Creek 85 ^7 91 . 94 Jti" ' 11; Mt. Jackson Newmarket .... Spartapolis Harrisonburg... Mt. Crawford... Mt. Sidney STAUNTON Jennings' Gap.. Deerrield 8121 5 1-Jii - 6143 5148 4152 8171 11 182 151235 Cloverdale Hotel. Green Valley 3ath C.H -lot Springs Columbia Inn I!allaghan's WHITE SULPHUR 13 282 14305 269) F'M BALTIMORE TO WILMINGTON, NC. Via, Norfolk Sf Oareys- burg. Steamboat. To Fort McHenry NorthPoint Stony Point Sandy Point Thomas's Point .. Herring Bay Sharp's Island Core Point Cedar Point Pt. Lookout (m'th of Potomac riv.) 17 106 10 13 8 21 Smith's Point NORFOLK Portsmouth Portsmouth # Roanoke 81 . 1199 Railroad. Suffolk. Carrsville Franklin Depot.. Newson's Margnretsville, N.C Stage. Gareysburg Weldon 17 216 13229 5234 13247 14261 12273 5278 Wilmington & Raleigh Railroad. WILMINGTON I I (seeNo.273)..|l62|44< (270) F'MWASHINGTON TO ANNAPOLIS. Railroad. To Bladensburg.. Beltsville . Laurel Factory... 6 Junction | 2 Annapolis , (271) F'MWASHINGTON TO RIDGE, Via Port Tobacco. To Palmer's Tav- ern, Md Piscatawa Pleasant H Port Tobacco . away. . . . ntHill.. 6* Allen's Fresh Newport Chaptico St. Clement's Bay Leonardtown Great Mills St. Inegoes' RIDGE 87 (272) F'MWASHINGTON TO FREDERICK. 14 1 16 To Georgetown .. Kcckviile, Md. .. Urbanna FREDERICK (273) F'MWASHINGTON TO WILMINGTON, NC. Via Fredericksburff, Richmond, <$ Peters- burg. Steamboat. To Alexandria ... Mt. Vent on Aetuia Cr'k Land- ing, Va.. Richmond, Fredericks' burg, & Potomac RR. Brooks's Water Station FREDERICKSB'G, Guiney's Milford Depot... RutherGlen Junction . Taylorsville Hungary Water Station RICHMOND 13110 8118 Richmond ^-Petersburg Railroad. Manchester I 2J120 Proctor's Creek... 11131 PETERSBURG....! 9|l40 Petersburg <$ Roanoke Railroad. Stony Cr'k Ware- 31 161 9170 11 M 3)84 7191 9200 5205 Jarrett's BelHeld Junction Pleasant H ill, NC. WELDON Wilmington <$r Raleigh Railroad. Halifax Enfield Battles Rocky Mount . Joiners 130 ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. Nahunta 7 Goldsboro' 11 Dudley's 9 271 282 291 303 311 319 328 337 344 352 366i JTON 10, and 2 12 9 21 8 29 5 34 6 40 4 44 8 52 6 58 4 62 2 74 3 87 9 96 7103 3116 i) i-ji; 5131 6137 :j lt; 68 6 (278) F'MWASHING TO BOSTON. Washington Bran Railroad. To Bladensburg.. PON ch b 12 18 21 30 to \ 40 "I 43 gi 77 78 83 HH 104 iot; 110 118 120 m 134 137 438 ON 7 15 20 32 42 52 '- 108 IN 119 140 147 153 Hi2 171 % (280) F'MWASHIN TO STAUNTON Via Warrenton Si & Charlottesvil To Alexandria . . . Fairfax GJTON ir'ffS te. 7 14 21 7 28 V$ 3 45 6 51 5 56 5 61 6 67 9 76 4 80 8 88 8 96 0106 5121 6127 8135 8143 4147 7154 0164 JTON HUR urg, and 8 15 7 42 cks- 4 56 66 5 71 5 76 B 82 a 94 5104 3119 3125 3133 3141 1145 llbl n/5 )190 >199 >205 1219 >224 237 >246 fl*) Apple Creek WOOSTER New Pittsburg ... 1 Row's Savannah Laurel Factory... Junction ... Elkridge Landing Baltimore and Railroad. BALTIMORE Philadelphia, Wil ton, $- Baltimore ( i 1C Oh 110 mi R 7 54 I, 1 1 5 3 3 ; 2 4 8 2 4 7 3 01 "a 1 5 12 10 10 8 7 19 10 (i 5 Jl /; Steamboat. Aquia Cr'k L'g, Railroad. Fredericksburg, Va . . . 14 Newport WILMINGTON Vuaman's Creek. Vlarcus Hook Chester L.a za retto Cray's Ferry PHILADELPHIA... BOSTON (see No. 231)... (279) F'MWASHIN TO NORFOLK, ^ Steamboat. To Alexandria ... Mt. Vernon Crane Island Sandy Point, Md. Aquia Cr'k Land- ing Va Richmond &rFreder burg RR. ^redericksburg... 1 Stage. }hancellorsville.. 1 Vilderness jocust Grove /erdiesville Orange C. H 1 Gordonsville 1 Everittsville 1 CHARLOTTESVI'E Hardins' Tavern . Yancey's Mills ... Brookville Wayneshorough STAUNTON 1 Jennings' Gap... 1 Deerfield 1 Cloverdale Hotel , Green Valley ( Bath 1< Hot Springs ; Columbia Inn 1 Callaghan's ! WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS ldar Point, Md.. Jlackstone's I.. .. 'iney Point J oint Lookout ... loger Point, Va.. Smith's Point ..,. Windmill Point., iwynn's Island .. 'oint-no-Point ... \ew Pt. Comfort. Jack River Point. Old Pt. Comfort. . NORFOLK ... Stage. MOBILE, Ala... 1209 1195 Steamboat. NEW ORLEANS 117511370 * From Montgomery to Mobile, by the river, is 338 miles. 132 ROUTES IN VIRGINIA. (282) F'MWASHINGTON TO LYNCHBURG, Via Charlottesville. To Charlottesville (see No. 277)... Garland's (Jovesville Lovingston Rose Mills New Glasgow LYNCHBURG 127 14141 7148 15163 9172 5 177 20197 ) F'M RICHMOND TO WASHINGTON. Richmond, Fredericks- burg, $ Potomac RR. To Hungary Sta-l tion Taylors ville Junction HutherGlen Milford (283) F'M FREDERICKS- BURG TO WINCHES- TER. SoFalmouth artwood Spottedyille Somerville Warrenton Salem Fauquier.. Oak Hill Paris Millwood WINCHESTER ... (284) F'M FREDERICKS BURG TO TAPPAHAN NOCK. ToRappahannock Port Royal Loretto.., Lloyd's TAPPAHANNOCK. . (285) F'M RICHMOND TO OLD PT. COMFORT. To Frasier's Tav- ern New Kent Barhamsville Burnt Ordinary.. Williamsburg YORKTOWN alfway House . . HAMPTON Old PL Comfort (286) F'M RICHMOND TG NORFOLK. Steamboat. To Warwick's . . . City Point Windmill Point.. Jamestown I Burwell'sBay ... Newport News. . . NORFOLK (287) F'M RICHMOND TO TAPPAHANNOCK To Old Church... Aylett's li FleetwoodAcad.. ! Miller's Tavern .. TAPPAHANNOCK. . U 34 .. 12 52 24 7f 12 88 1510c 15 11 27102 8110 umey s ......... FREDERICKSB'G. Aquiu Cr'k Land- ing, Va ......... Steamboat. Mt. Vernon ---- /. Alexandria ....... WASHINGTON. . . . (2880 FR'M RICHMOND TO GORDONSVILLE. Railroad. To Junction I (see No. 288) ...I Louisa RR. Beaver Dam ...... Frederick's Hall. . Tolersville ........ Louisa C. H ...... Gordonsville ...... (289) FROM RICHMOND TO STAUNTON. To Powell's Tav- ern ............. Dover Mills ...... Beaver Dam ...... Goochland ....... Cedar Point ...... Fife's ............. Columbia ........ Palmyra .......... Union Mills ...... Everittsville ...... Charlottesville ---- STAUNTON ....... 37120 )) FROM RICHMOND TO LYNCHBURG. To Manchester...] Coal Mines Hallsboro' Pint Rock Scottsville Macon Bullsville Cumberland C. H. Langhorn's Tav- ern Raine's FARMVILLE Walker's Church. Spou Cone it Spring Concord LYNCHBURG ;2C1) FROM RICHMOND TO MILTON, N. C., Via Farmville. ToFarmville Prince Edward CH Midway Inn ttoanoke Bridge.. Charlotte C.H..., Vlt. Laurel Halifax Bloomsburg 'Junninghum's Store, N. C.... MILTON 12J32 13145 13158 10168 (292) FROM RICHMOND TO RALEIGH, N.C. Richmond fr Petersburg Railroad. To Petersburg.... StonyCreekWare- house Jarrett's Belfield Greenville fr Roanoke Railroad. Ryland's Jill 74 Guston ilOl 84 Raleigh & Gas ton RR. 21 43 111 63 Littleton Macon Ridge way Henderson Staunton Franklin Forrestville Huntsville RALEIGH 9 11104 10114 13127 7134 11145 11156 6162 9171 (293) F'M PETERSBURG TO LYNCHBURG. To Fork Inn Mt. Level Morgansville Nottoway C. H... iurksville rille LYNCHBURG 48124 (294) F'M PETERSBURG TO NORFOLK. Railroad. To City Point....] 113 Steamboat. NORFOLK (see No. 286) ...1781 90 (295) F'M PETERSBURG TO NORFOLK. To Prince George. I I 7 Garysville 10 17 Cabin Point 9 2t> SurryC. H 112! 38 ROUTES IN VIRGINIA. 133 Bacon Castle g Burwell's Bay 6 Cloverda-le 52! Salem i 3 78|| Liberty.... I 92 Lisbon 8 28 12 51 5 56 25 81 12 93 7100 n in 18 129 Smithfield b Chuckatuck 10 Suffolk.... 10 58 LaFayette 1 68 i CHRISTIANSB'RG 1. 78 KNOXVILLE oke (see No. 303)... 231 .. (300) F'M LYNCHB 9o TO GUYANDOTTE og Via White Sulph Springs. T0 To New London . Otter Bridge Liberty Blue Ridge...;;;; i ^'incastle . 14 1103 Butbrd's ) 117 Big Lick ; Portsmouth <$ Roan Railroad. Portsmouth... 17 348 CHRISTIANBURG - .1 Angle's Ferry .... 3 Newbern i Draper's Valley. ur Wytheville Rural Retreat... \\ Pleasant Hill.... 18 Marion.... Steamboat. NORFOLK 1 (296) F'M NORFOLK HAMPTON. Steamboat. To Old Pt. Com- fort 9138 7145 11156 6 162 11173 5178 7185 3198 9207 9216 6222 9231 7^238 3:241 Li 9279 4293 9 : 302 0312 URO .C. 12 5 17 6 23 B 29 3 42 5 47 7 54 J 73 1 90 ) 99 103 112 125 136 ;ii 158 175 RD 10 19 22 29 38 46 52 58 2(j Seven. rniie Ford 43 Glade Spring 57 :Cedarvilie HAMPTON 5 FROM NORFOLK EASTVILLE, By Steamboat....! (297) F'M NORFOLK RALEIGH. To Portsmouth ... 1 I Portsmouth $ Roano Railroad. Suffolk 17 &\ Sweet Springs.... 15 WHITE SULPHUR TO SPRINGS 17 jewisburg 9 89 Sapling Grove.... BLOUNTSVILLE . . 106 Lden's Ridge 115 Kmgsport ,-Q Blue Sul. Springs. 13 Se well's Mountain 16 jpcust Lane 10 ro Mountain Cove .. 9 Gauley Bridge ... 15 1 Mt. Juliet.. 25 , Kanawha Saline . 5 Ke KANAWHA C. H. . 6 'oalsmouth 12 18 Mt. Salem 9 Long Level b' * Barboursville 12 49 GUYANDOTTE 7 63 (301) FROM KANAW C. H. TO PT. PLEJ 75 ANT. $ To Mouth of Poc- > ataligo 128 -^ew Cniit(jn 54 -Y elJow Store.'.'.*; ($ Rogersyille 193 Rocky Spring .' . .' ?08 Bean's Station ... JJ llutledge ? ' Blair'* *j Roads.. 35 Acaderrna 4 j ,KNOXVILLE .1] jjjj (304) F' M LYNCHB TO SALISBURY, JN HA Via Danville. s - i To Campbell CH. [Yellow Branch... Castle Craig ... 16 Ward's Bridge. " 20 Chalk Level?. 1 24 Robertson's Store. 34 Pittsylvania Carrsville. Franklin 5 Newson's Depot.. 13 Margaretsville, N. C 14 Stage. Gareysburg.. 12 Littleton'. ;;;;;;;;" 201 Gaston <$ Raleigh Rl RALEIGH 17811 (298) F'M NORFOLK i LDENTON, N. C. To Deep Creek... Lake Drummond. 9 J South Mills, N.C. 13 I Aew Lebanon 5 - Elizabeth Cfty.... 12 Wood vi lie 10 Hertford 11 5 Lexington 6 6 (SALISBURY I 7 ? 1(305) FR'MHICKSFC TO ROXBORO', N.( e| T " St'>ny Mount. q Callaghan's 5 j 5 WHITE SULPHUR j SPRINGS 14 ^ Lexington 11 3 Fancy Hill .' g 4 Natural Bridge . 7 4 Pattensburg 10 5 r incastle. 12 6* 2| (303) F'M LYNCHBUR [ TO KNOXVILLE, Tenn Via Blountsville. )i To New London . 1 l ter Bridge 7 1 a IJ^awrenceville 3 i Diamond Grove. 7 : Tanner's Store... 9 Lombard? Grove. 8 1 j Union Level 6 8 Boydton Amsterdam 61 7J 134 ROUTES IN OHIO. Clarksville 12 "0 OLUMBUS 78 Alton $ W T . Jefferson 1142 9151 5'15U jinville ' irownsville Gratiot t ! w 40 42 46 54 62 i 85 92 \ 95 )105 116 )126 11127 BU8 I 11 |8 !i ig 5 40 2 42 4 46 8 54 4 58 3 61 3 64 9 73 5 78 4 90 4 94 3107 7114 124 !!P O liS 4136 5141 4145 9154 13167 rtBUS . 11 3 14 7 21 4 25 11 36 5 41 10 51 8 59 14 73 11 84 9 M 13NW Whitehouse 8 ROXBORO' 20 (306) FR'M CLEVELAI, TO BUFFALO, N.Y. ,a Fayette 8164 5 ! ]Ktt [opewell ' ^j\.NESVILLE i righton Centre.. 9 SPRINGFIELD 12 Yellow Springs... 51 10:1 9 9;: R r. 71 IK 1 11 LA Pa 6 7 5 6 4 ti 4 5 5 6 6 6 3 4 b 4 ]- i. ii i :'v 44 ii 45 m V 1 ! 4 K| 93 02 V.i n; >:,( K> MO M( JJ3 *>2 ii< ND ( 1L ]i 2- :,( y-j 4- 4! 54 (X Ijt 7^ ^l h !) ! 10 111 11 11 13 13 1 ,! II! or a. 2: 2 sr 31 iridgeville 1 Norwich '< To Euclid n E. Euclid 3 Mew Concord ; Willoughby 6 18 Xenia 23 j^ittle Miama h U pring Valley.... 44 jCorwm T7. lorrow ? ! Deerfield M Foster's Crossings. Si Polktown liltbrd Vnshington ! liddlebourn r Fairview Painesvil'le 6 Perry^ 7 Vlorristown H St. Clairsville 1 Iridgepurt ....... 1 WHEELINGjVa. . 312) FROM COLUM TO PlTTSBURG Via Steubenvillt LV) Reynoldsburg. Etna Unionville 2 Saybrook 8 ASHTABULA 6 Kingsville 9 Amboy | $ Columbia gtj CINCINNATI (309) FR'MCLEVE 96 1 TO PITTSBURGH [*o Newburg ^ Bedford Fairview, Pa 17 ERIK 12 1 B K7253)...911 (307) FR'M CLEVELA TO TOLEDO. ToRockport I Cirkersville fj"ray Twinsburg 8 ludson Hebron lacksontown Linville Dover 5 N. Ridgeville .... 7 Elyria 4 20 Franklin Mills.... 24 i Ravenna Brownsville iratiot Hopewell Amherst 8 Henrietta 3 Birmingham o Florence o Beriinville 4 32 Edioburg 35 Palmyra 38 '[Frederick ZANESVILLE fridgeville 41 i Ellsworth 45 Canfield Mew Concord Cambridge tilan o orwalk 4 onroeville 4 Lyme jj 5 Poland 61 New Middletown. 67 Petersburg 70 Enon Vnlley, Pa. 88 Darlington V/inchester Antrim Londonderry Smyrna Moretield Lower Sandusky. IS Black Swamp.... 8 Woodville 7 Perrysburg 16 MaumeeCity .... 1 TOLEDO H Cadiz 1 103 Freedom Greene Wintersville I STEUBENVILLE .. Holliday's Cove.. p,, r j s 120 Sewickly Bottom. 130 Allegheny PlTTSBURG ND (310) FR'MCLEVI i TO BUFFALO, N 7 Steamboat. i To Ashtabula . . . 07 I ERIE, Pa sU Portland, N.Y. . 49 Dunkirk (308) FR'M CLEVELA TO CINCINNATI. To Brooklyn Bavington Fayette . . . PlTTSBURO (313) FROM COLUI TO CLEVELANI To Blendon Westerville ft inrwick 6 Guilford 9 Wooster 13 Big Prairie 9 Loudonville 11 oo (311) FROM COLI 91 TO WHEELING, 101 To Reynoldsburg 106 Etna 117 Kirkersville 121 Luray 128 Hebron Galena Sonbury Centreburg Mt. Vernon Mt. Liberty 10 Centreburg a Mt. Liberty Mt. Vernon Democracy Loudonville i Big Prairie WOOSTER 1 Guilford Galena 4 Westerville 7 Blendon : ROUTES IN OHIO. 135 Brunswick 8123 K 12: H135 ] Jackson ... 15! 68 8 7b J3I 99 *S TO n. 45 13 58 11 69 5 74 10 84 6 90 6 96 u nc; 7123 1124 IBUS 17 3 20 8 28 7 35 45 2 57 8 65 5 70 [BUS 54 1 65 6 81 8 W 1 lul 9110 2122 LLE 29 7 36 4 40 4 44 8 70 i ffi < W ^ ;ii2 ni5 4119 LLE >y. J 9 ) 19 i 27 4 36 i 52 CHILLICOTHE To MAYSVILLE (see No. 318)... (323) F'M ZANESI TO WHEELING, ToBridgeville.... Norwich New Concord Cambridge ,o|n 79150 ^r 3,f iM 8 31 7 38 3 41 10 51 11 62 10 72 ll 73 TTHE 3, 199 NATI N. 2 6 8 6 14 10 24 7 31 5 36 3 39 8 47 7 54 7 61 9 70 NATI E. 2 7 9 5 14 4 18 8 26 5 31 o 56 66 8 74 i a*> 3 98 SATI :, 3 5 8 5 13 7 20 4 24 7 31 7 38 48 Strongville Parma iRockyHill 1 GALLIPOLIS Brooklyn CLEVELAND (314) FROM COLU TO SANDUSKY To Worthington . Williamsville Delaware :j IS 4142 tfBUS 9 6 | 10 34 10 44 18 2 11 73 7 80 6 8b 4 90 6 % L4110 IBUS ,la. 5 \\ 8 22 32 < 42 7 49 7 56 1 67 7 74 3 8; .; us 0103 >; iu.' 6115 (> 12.', 2 127 >- \:>;> 6 141 8149 51;4 " 1-2 I 167 i 172 0182 BUS J. 9 26 9 45 5 61) 4 64 4 78 2 90 BUS 9! 26 9] 4. (318) F'MCOLUMBl MAYSVILLE, K< To Chillicothe (see No. 317) . . . Bourneville Cynthiana Sinking Spring... Locust Grove Washington Middlebourne Fairview Morristown Norton Marion Bucyrus Chattield Attica West Union Aberdeen MAYSVILLE (319) FROM COLUJ TO ATHENS. ToLithopolis.,.. Courtwright Lancaster St. Clairsville.... Bridgeport WHEELING i (324) F'M CHILLIC TO GALLIPOLI (See No. 317) 1 (325) FR'M CINCIN TO WEST UNIO Reedtown Sherman Beilevue.. SANDUSKY (315) FROM COLD? TO INDIANAPOLIS Via. Dayton. To Alton Sugar Grove Logan 1 W. Jefferson La Fayette To Fulton 1 Vewtown Mt. Carmel Batavia Brighton Centre. . : ATHENS 1 (330) FROM COLUH TO MARIETTA To ZANESVILLE, (see No. 312) . . . Blue Rock 1 Enon Williamsburg Bethel Dayton 1 Liberty W. Alexandria. . . 1 Hamersville Georgetown Kussellville McConnellsville.. J Beverly 1 Watertbrd Decatur New Westville... 1 Richmond, Ind. .. Centreville Cambridge 1 WEST UNION.... (326) FR'M CINCIN TO CHILLICOTH To Fulton Plainville Milford Perrin's Mills Gordonville Fayetteville Dodsonville ' Rainsboro' ] Bainbridge Lowell Dublin ... (321) F'M ZANESV TO CLEVELAND To Coshocton Keene's Lewisville.... Ogden Knightstown..... Charlottesville Greenfield . . . Mill Creek Philadelphia Cumberland INDIANAPOLIS 1 (316) FROM COLUM TO PORTSMOUTJ To S. Bloomfield . Clark's Millersburg WOOSTKR 1 Guiltord 1 Medina... Bourneville ] CHILLICOTHE 1 (327) FR'M CINCIN TO ZANESVILLI Via Circleville To Walnut Hills. Pleasant Ridge... Montgomery Twenty. mile Stand Hopkinsville Rochester Clarksville Wilmington I] Brunswick Strongville .... Parma Chillicnthe 1 Brooklyn Waverly 1 CLEVELAND (322) F'M ZANESVI TO MAYSVILLE, H To Putnam Fultonham Somerset N Rushville L'incnster Tarlton ...1 Piketon... Lucasville 1 PORTSMOUTH 1 (317) FROM COLUM TO GALLIPOLIS ToS. Bloomfield. 1 Circleville Chillicothe ll 136 ROUTES IN OHIO. Snbina Washington New Holland Williarnsport Circleville Amanda 10 12 w s 9 12 SI 9 8 Id 8 1 gj Vi ,h Lc IE 4 5 2 1 4 2 4 5 5 5 3 H 58 70 80 ; 88 !7 109 : us; 127 135 145 153 154 LTI I. ra- 5 9 14 16 1 i 32 37 42 45 nl (330) FR'M CINCW TO SIDNEY, Via Dayton. To Carthage Springdale N, 7 10 18 6 6 4 8 10 11 7 13 *N IS. 4 4 4 ijj 4 6 12 10 ^TI 6 13 23 41 47 53 57 65 75 8,; 93 106 VTI 4 8 12 16 22 32 3B 43 4<) 61 71 Campbellsville . . . Greensburg 12 12 11 ! 1 2-1 T N, 18 13 5 !! 11 22 36 5 18 33 10 19 15 i 6 25 37 8 6 11 7 23 10 12 15 33 ro 14 1; N'X M C< 10 4 7 10 IT :' 3 r 12 21 161 173 184 190 194 p 241 2:a ITI . 291 :;i)4 309 3-J1 333 344 a% m 407 425 log IKS 487 502 as 537 543 588 tjOa 613 619 630 *;:;- i;t;o 670 6S2 697 730 if Virginia. Stages leave Lincolnton 3 times a week for Salisbury ; and fur Jlshville ; and twice a week for Camden, S. C. ASHVILLE is situated on the right bank of French Broad river, 250 miles from Raleigh. It is in a healthy and beautiful mountain region, and lias a court-house, an academy, two churches, and 700 inhabitants. A few miles southwest from the village is a sulphur spring much frequented. The Warm Springs are situated on the left bank of French Broad river, 34 miles from AshvilJe. The temperature of the Springs is from 96 t.> 100 Fahrenheit, and the waters contain the muriates and sulphates of lime and magnesia, are limpid, and emit nitrogen gas. Chronic rheuma- tism and paralysis have been cured by drinking the water, and by fre- quent outward applications. Stages leave Jlshville 3 times a week for Raleigh via Salisbury , for Columbia, S. C. ; and for Nashville via Knoxville. r* SOUTH CAROLINA is situated between 32 2 ^ and 35 10' N. lat., and between 78 24' and 83 30' ^ VV. Ion. It is 200 miles long and 125 broad, con- \ taining about 25,000 square miles. Population in 1840, I 594,398. The seacoast is bordered with a chain of islands, between which and the shore there is a very convenient > navigation. The main land is naturally divided into * the Lower and Upper country. The low country ex tends from 80 to 100 miles from the seacoast, and is covered with ex- tensive forests of pitch-pine, called pine barrens, interspersed with marshes and swamps of a rich soil. The banks of the large rivers, and the creeks of this region, are bordered with a belt of excellent land, producing cotton and Indian corn in abundance. The marshes and swamps in this district make fine rice plantations. After leaving the low country, in proceeding into the interior, you first pass through a region of little sand-hills, which have been compared to the arrested waves of the sea in a storm. This curious country, sorr-etimes denominated the Middle Country, continues for 50 or 60 miles, till you arrive at the Ridge or Upper country, the ascent to which, proceeding from the Atlantic, is sudden and somewhat precipitous. The lower falls of the rivers are found along this ridge. The low grounds between the sand-hills are suitable for agriculture and pasturage; but with these exceptions, the country below the ridge is bar- ren, and scarcely worth cultivation. Beyond the ridge commences a beau tiful and healthy country of hills and dales, with fine flowing streams ol pure water. This whole region may he regarded as an elevated table- land, and is generally fertile. In the distance of 220 miles NVV. from STATE OF SOUTH CAROLIXA. 143 Charleston, the land is 800 feet above the level of the sea. From this the country rises gradually to a mountainous region to the west, where the great Alleghany range pusses through the state, in several ridges, some of which have high peaks. Tahle Mountain, one of the most conspicuous of these, is 4,000 feet above the level of the sea. The staple productions of the state are cotton and rice, great quantities of which are exported. Rice is extensively cultivated where the land can be irrigated by the tide or the overflowing of the rivers. The sea- island cotton, produced in the islands along the shores, is of a superior quality, and is in great demand. The Great Pedee river, 450 miles long, rises in North Carolina, and runs through the eastern part of the state. It is navigable for sloops 130 miles. The Santee, formed by the junction of the Wateree and the Congaree, rises in North Carolina, and has a sloop navigation for about 130 miles. The Saluda is a branch of the Congaree. The Edisto in navigable for large boats 100 miles. The Savannah washes the whole southwest border of the state, and is a noble stream. There are several smaller rivers, among which are Cooper, Ashley, and Combahee. The literary institutions in this state are the College of South Carolina, at Columbia ; Charleston College, at Charleston ; the Medical School, at Charleston ; and three theological institutions. There are about 120 academies or grammar schools, and 600 common schools. The constitution was formed in 1775, and reconstructed in 1790. The governor is elected for two years by a joint vote of both houses of the as- sembly. After having served one term, he is ineligible for the next four years. A lieutenant-governor is chosen in the same manner and for the same period. The Senate consists of 45 members, elected by districts for four years. The House of Representatives consists of 124 members, np- portioned among the several districts according to the number of white inhabitants and taxation, and are elected for two years. The representa- tives and one half the senators are chosen every second year, in October. The legislature meets annually in Columbia, on the fourth Monday in November. The chancellor and judges of the Supreme Court are chosen by the joint ballot of both houses of the Assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior. Every free white male citizen 21 years of age, who has resided in the state two years immediately preceding the election, and who is possessed of a freehold of 50 acres of land or a town- lot, six months before the election ; or not possessing this freehold, who shall have resided in the election district in which he offers to vote, six months before the election, and have paid a tax of three shillings sterling to the support of the government, has the right of suffrage. The first settlement of this state was made at Port Royal, in 1670. The constitution of the United States was adopted in convention, May 23d, 1788 yeas 149, nays 73. COLUMBIA, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of the Congaree river, immediately below the junction of Broad and Saluda rivers, 130 miles from Charleston. From the river there is a gradual ascent for one mile, reaching to a height of 200 feet, where it spreads out into a plain of two or three miles in extent, descending on every side. On this plain the city is built. It is regularly laid out into wide and handsome streets, and extensively planted with trees. It has a state- house 170 feet long, 60 wide, and two stories high; a court-house, town- hall, mnrket-house, two banks, a theatre, an academy, a female seminary, an asylum, 6 churches, and 4,400 inhabitants. Columbia is also the 144 STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. seat of South Carolina College, founded in 1804, which has a president and 6 professors or other instructors, 150 students, and 15,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Monday in December. Its buildings are commodious, and contain a philosophical apparatus and an observatory. The Southern Theological Seminary, founded in 1831, has two professors, 16 students, and 4,000 volumes in its libraries. A bridge here crosses the Congaree river. Steamboats ply between this place and Charleston. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Charleston. Stages leave daily for Raleigh via Cheraw ; 3 times a week for Augusta, Ga. ; for Greenville ; forYorkville : twice a week for Rutherfordton, JV*. C. CHAKI/ESTON, the metropolis, is situated in 32 46' 33" N. lat., and 79 57' 27" W. Ion., 580 miles from Baltimore, and 765 from New York. Population in 1840, 29,261 ; to which may properly be added the in- habitants of the " Neck" north of the city, but lying without its chartered limits, which contains 11,876; these added to the city population make a total of 41,137 inhabitants. Charleston is on a peninsula formed by the confluence of Ashley and Cooper rivers, which unite immediately below the city, and form a spacious and convenient harbor, communicating with the ocean at Sullivan's Island, seven miles southeast of the city. The city is defended by Fort Pinckney, two miles below, and Fort Johnson, 4 miles, and by Fort Moultrie on Sullivan's Island. The ground on which the city is built is elevated eight or nine feet above the level of the harbor at high tide. The streets generally run parallel to each other from east to west, extending from river to river, and these are crossed by others, nearly at right angles. The houses are neatly built, many of them of brick, and some of wood neatly painted, having piazzas extending to the roof, beau- tifully ornamented with vines. The houses in the suburbs have fine gardens abounding in orange, peach, and other ornamental or useful trees, and a profusion of vines and shrubbery. The public buildings are a city-hall, an exchange, a court-house, jail, custom-house, a state citadel, a guard-house, two arsenals, a college, a medical college, an almshouse, an orphan asylum, a theatre, 7 banks, 26 churches, 16 academies, and 2 high schools. The Charleston College, founded in 1795, has a president and four pro- fessors or other instructors, 67 alumni, 50 students, and 3,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the Tuesday after the fourth Monday in March. It has a fine edifice. The Medical College of the State of South Carolina, founded in 1833, has 8 professors, and 158 students. The lectures commence on the second Monday in November. It is a highly respectable institution. The Guard-house is a fine edifice, occupied by a military company of about 100 persons, some of them mounted, who patrol the streets during the night. The Citadel, formerly used for this purpose, is now a military school, under the patronage of STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 145 the state. The Orphan Asylum accommodates 250 orphans and des- titute children. The Literary and Philosophical Society has a fine col- lection of objects in natural history. The Apprentices' Library contains 10,000 volumes, and sustains annually a course of scientific lectures. The City Library contains about 18,000 volumes. Sullivan's Island, 7 miles below the city, and at the entrance of the harbor, was the scene of important military events during the war of the Revolution. The city was founded in 1680, and chartered in 1783. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Wilmington, JV. C. ; and there are lines to Savan- nah, Ga., and to St. Augustine, Fl. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Columbia ; for Mobile, via Augusta, Ga. ; Atlanta ; West Point ; and Montgomery, Ala. ; and for Memphis, Tenn., via Gunter's Landing, and Florence. Stages leave for Georgetown, forCamden, and for Savannah. The Eutaw Springs, 50 miles from Charleston, are more celebrated as the scene of a fierce Revolutionary battle than for their medicinal prop- erties. The water rises through a small opening in the earth, a few inches in diameter, and immediately forms a basin a few feet deep and about 300 feet around ; thence it percolates through a ridge of porous lime- stone, and at a short distance bubbles up and forms the head of Eutaw creek. GEORGETOWN is situated on the right bank of the Great Pedee river, at its entrance into Winyaw bay, 9 miles from the ocean and 152 from Columbia. It contains a court-house, a bank, an academy, 4 churches, a public library, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The neighborhood is the scene of many of Marion's achievements ; and on North Island, the sum- mer retreat of the city people, La Fayette landed on his first visit to this country. Steamboats ply to Wilmington, JV. C., and to Charleston. Stages leave for Chernw, and for Charleston. CHERAW is beautifully situated on the right bank of the Great Pedee, on a plain elevated 100 feet above the river, 03 miles from Columbia. The river is navigable to this place for steamboats. It contains a town- hall, a bank, 2 academies, 5 churches, and 1,000 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to Georgetown. Stages leave daily for Columbus, and for Raleigh. CAMDEN is handsomely situated on a plain, one mile from the east bank of Wateree river, and 33 miles from Columbia. The river is navigable for boats of 70 tons to the town. Camden contains an elegant court-house, a city-hall, an academy, four churches, a bank, a Masonic-hall, a public library, and about 2,300 inhabitants. A bat- tle was fought here Aug. 16, 1780, between the armies under Gen. Gates and Lord Corn- , wallis; and another April 23d, 1781, between ' Gen. Greene and Lord Rawdon. On De Kalb-street, opposite the Presbyterian Church, is an elegant monument erected to the memory of Baron De Kalb, the corner-stone of which ~ f ^^ f ^ r ^^,^ J ^- was laid by La Fayette in 1825. Two miles west from Camden is a large Indian mound, supposed to mark the site of an ancient town of the Catawhas. Stages leave daily for Columbia ; for Cheraw ; and for Salisbury, JV. C. ; and twice a week for Charleston. CHESTERVILLE is situated 57 miles from Columbia, on a lofty and beautiful elevation, between Catawba and Broad rivers. It contains a court-house, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. From its commanding and secure position, the town has been likened to a fortress of the baronial days. Stages leave 3 times a week for Columbia ; and for Charlotte, JV C. 7 146 STATE OF GEORGIA. SPARTANBURGH is situated on a branch of Brond river, and contains a court-house, several churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants, Glenn Sulphur Springs, twelve miles southeast from Spartanburgh, have a high reputation for the cure of cutaneous affections, and are much fre- quented. The waters of Cedar Spring are famous for their medicinal, qualities, particularly in rheumatism, ulcers, and even in fever and ague. The Pacolet Springs are also much resorted to, as are the Jjimestone Springs, all of which are in Spartanburgh district ; and al-so the famous battle ground of Cowpens. Stages leave 3 times a week for Columbia ; for Greenville ; and for JAncolnton, .W. C. GREENVILLE is beautifully situated on a gently undulating plain, 107 miles from Columbia. Reedy river runs beside it, and forms near it several beautiful cascades. The village is regularly laid out, and is re- markably healthy. It has a handsome brick court-house, a library, sev- eral houses of public worship, a male and female academy, and 1,500 in- habitants. In the north part of the district are numerous picturesque spurs of the Blue Ridge, cataracts, &c. Stages leave 3 times a week fur Columbia; for Jtngustn, Ga. ; for Knoxville, Tenn., via Jlshville, JV. C. : and twice a icevkftrr Spartanburgh. BEAUFORT is situated at the head of Port Royal river, 75 miles from Charleston. Its harbor is spacious and one of the best in the state ; it has 3 churches, an academy, a library, and 1,600 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to Charleston, and to Savannah, Ga. GEORGIA lies between 30 30' and 35" N. lat., and 3j between 80 50' and86 u 6'W. Ion. from Greenwich, and S between 3 U 52' and 8 47' W. Ion. from Washington. It is 300 miles long from north to south, and 240 broad, containing 58,000 square miles. Its population in 1840 wa* 091,392; in 1845, 774,325. From the ocean for a distance of seven miles, there is a chain of islands intersected by rivers, creeks, and inlets, communicating with each other, and forming an inland navigation for vessels of 100 tons burden, along the whole const. These islands consist of salt marsh, and kind of a gray rich soil, winch produces sea-island cotton of a superior quality. The coast on the mam land for four or five miles is a salt marsh. Back of this there is a narrow margin of land, nearly resembling that of the islands ; these are partially or wholly overflowed at the return of the tide, and constitute the rice plantations. Then commence the pine-barrens, which reach from 60 to 90 miles from the coast. Beyond this is the country of sand hills, 30 or 40 miles wide, interspersed with fertile tracts, and extending to the lower falls of the rivers. The part of the state above the falls of the rivers is STATE OF GEORGIA. 147 called the Upper Country, and has generally n strong and fertile soil, often inclining to a red color, and further inland it is mixed with a deep black mould, producing cotton, tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, and other kinds of grain. Black walnut and mulberry trees grow abundantly in this soil The forests produce oak, pine, hickory, and cedar. The rivers are the Savannah, b'OO miles long, bounding the state on the JXE., navigable for ships 17 miles to Savannah, and a part of the year for steamboats, 250 miles to Augusta; the Altamaha, which is navigable for large vessels 12 miles to Uarien, is formed by the junction of the Gconee and theOcmulgee, and is navigable for sloops of 30 tons, by the former, to Dublin, 300 miles from the ocean; the Ogeechee, 200 miles long, and navigable for sloops 40 miles; Fliat river, which rises in the NW. part of the state, and after a course of more than 200 miles joins the Chattahoochee, forming the Apalachicola ; the Chattahoochee on the west border of the state, which is navigable 300 miles by steamboat to Columbus ; the St Mary's river, in the southwest part of the state. The first constitution of Georgia was formed in 1777 ; a second in 1785' and the present in 1798, and amended in 1839. The governor is elected by the people, and holds his office two years. The senate consists of 47 mem- bers, I for each district composed of two counties, except the county con- taining the largest population, which elects 1 member. The House of Representatives is composed of 130 members : the 37 counties having the largest number of inhabitants are entitled to 2 members each, and the re- mainder 1 each. The legislature meets biennially on the 1st Monday in No- vember (odd years) at Milledgeville. All the free white male inhabitants, who shall have resided within the county in which they vote, six months preceding the election, and shall have paid taxes in the state for the year previous, have the right of suffrage. The judges of the Superior Court are elected for 3 years by the legislature, and the judges of the in- ferior courts and justices of the peace are elected annually by the people. The colleges in this state are the University of Georgia, at Athens; Oglethorpe College, at Midway; Emory College, at Oxford ; the Georgia Female College, at Macon ; Mercer College, at Penfield ; Christ College, at Montpelier; Brownwood University, near La Grange; Collinworth Institute, near Talbotton ; and there are 180 academies and 630 schools. The hrst settlement in the state was made at Savannah, in 1733. In convention, Georgia adopted the constitution of the United States, Jan. 2cl, 1798, by a unanimous vote. SAVANNAH, the metropolis and the largest ci'y in the state, is in 32 4' 50" N. Int., and 81 & 18" W. Ion., 90 miles from Charleston, 120 from Augusta, and 158 from Milledgeville. Population in 1840, 11,214. It is situated on the right bank of Savannah river, 17 miles fV<-.m its entrance into the Atlantic. Owing to the safety of the channel pi entering the harbor, it is rendered one of the finest in fig the southern states. Vessels requiring 13 feet of w" load at the wharves of the city. The plain on which! the city is built is elevated forty feet above the river, a and is almost a perfect level, and the streets cross f each other regularly at right angles. Eighteen public squares nre laid out, and are bordered with trees, par J ticularly the pride of India, which add much to thf [ beauty of the place. The houses are many of them fine I buildings. The Pulaski Monument, a beautiful Doric obelisk, standing in the centre of one of the public squares, was erected in 1825, to the 148 STATE OF GEORGIA. memories of GREENE and PULASKI. It is built of white marble, and ia 53 feet in height. The city contains a court-house, an exchange, an arsenal, a guard-house, the United States barracks, a theatre, an asylum, a widows' asylum, 13 churches, a market-house, an hospital, several fine banking-houses, 3 acad- emies, a public library, an historical eociety, several charitable societies, and a number of extensive mills and manufactories. It is a great cotton mart. The city was founded in 1733, and incorporated in 1761. Steamboats ply to Charleston, and St. Augustine. Cars arrive from., and depart daily for Atlanta via J\Iacon, from whence a daily line of stages leaves for Columbus ; and for Augusta, taking stages at Brinsonville depot. Stages leave twice a week for St. Augustine, Ft., via Darien ; and for Charleston, S. C. MILLEDGEVILLE, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of Oconee river, at the head of steamboat navigation, 158 miles from Sa- vannah. Population 2,100. The city is built on uneven ground, with streets running parallel with the river, and crossed by others at right angles. Tiie State-house stands on an eminence in a public square, three- fourths of a mile from the river; it is a tasteful edifice of the Gothic order of architecture. The Representatives Hall is 60 by 54 feet, and con- tains full-length portraits of La Fayette and Gen. Oglethorpe ; the Senate- chamber has portraits of Washington and Jefferson. The other public buildings are, a governor's house, 3 churches, 3 banks, an academy, a > market-house, an arsenal, j and a magazine. Ogle- 1 thorpe College, founded in 1 1836, is situated in Med- I way village, near the city. I It has a president, 5 pro- fessors or other instructors, j 125 students, and 2,000 I volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the Wednesday after the second Monday in No- vember. Stages leave MUledgeville daily for Columbus via Macon ; for Augusta via fVarrenton ; and, for Savannah, (from Emmet de- pot by railroad ;) three times a week for Madison ; and also for Haw- kinvvillc. AUGUSTA is situated on the right bank of Savannah river, at the head of steamboat navigation, 127 miles from Savannah. The city is regularly laid out and handsomely built, chiefly with brick, the streets being orna- mented with trees, and many of the houses are spacious and elegant. It con- tains a city-hall, court-house, a theatre, an hospital, a medical college, a female asylum, an arsenal, 7 churches, 3 academies, and 6,500 in- habitants. The Medical College of Georgia, founded in 1830, has seven professors, 115 students, and 124 graduates. The lectures commence on the second Monday in November. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Atlanta ; from thence by stage and railroad to Montgomery, Ala. ; (see route 387;) for Memphis, Tenn., via Atlanta, Giinter's Landing, Ala. , and Tuscumbia. Stages leave daily for Savannah via Brinsonville ; from thence in railroad cars to Savannah. ATHENS situated on the right bank of Oconee river, 75 miles from Milledgeville, contains 4 churches and about 3,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of the Georgia University, founded in 1785, which has a president, 6 professors, 515 alumni, 77 students, 19,000 volumes ia its libraries, and STATE OF GEORGIA. 149 R very complete philosophical apparatus. The commencement is on the first Wednesday in August. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Jluff-usta. Stages leave 3 times a week for Covington ; for Gainesville ; and fur Clarkesville via Madison Springs. The Madison Springs are twenty-five miles from Athens, on a branch of Broad river. The waters are strongly impregnated with iron, and have been found efficacious in many complaints. There is here a spacious hotel with good accommodations. CLARKESVILLE, on the head waters of the Chattahoochee river, has a court-house, two churches, an academy, and about 300 inhabitants. The Tallulah Falls, a beautiful cascade, are within twelve miles of Clarkes- ville ; and the surrounding scenery is exceedingly picturesque. Stages leave 3 times a week for Athens via Madison Springs ; for Madtsonville, Tenn. ; and for rfshville, JV. C. DAHLONEGA is in a very picturesque situation between the Chestatee and Etowah rivers. It has a court-house, a branch of the Mint of the United States, and 300 inhabitants. Stages leave twice a week for Athens via Gainesville. ROME is beautifully situated on the point formed by the junction of the Etowah and Oostanaula rivers. It has a court-house, two churches, an academy, and 400 inhabitants. In the vicinity of Rome are many arti- ficial mounds and excavations, of which there is no authentic history or tradition. Stages leave 3 times a week for Gainesville ; for Columbus ; for Montgomery, Ma. ; and for Huntsville. M ACON lies at the head of steam navigation, on Ocmulgee river, built on both sides of the stream, but chiefly on the right bank, the parts being connected by a bridge 389 feet long. The streets are regularly laid out and very wide. It has a large and handsome court-house, a market-house, two banks, five churches, a college, 3 academies, and 4,000 inhabitants. A great amount of cotton is shipped from this place. In 1822 there was but a single house standing where the city is now built. The Georgia Female College, chartered in 1836, opened on the 7th of Jan., 1839, has a president, four professors, and several other teachers, and over 100 students. The term commences on the first Monday in October, and continues ten months. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Savannah ; for Memphis via Atlanta, Gunter's Landing, Ma., and Tuscumbia. Stages leave daily for Jlugvsta via Milledgeville ; and for Columbus ; three times a week for Madison ; and for Pensacola, Fl. , via Albany, Bainbridge, and Chat- tahoochee, Fl. The Indian Springs, the most fashionable watering-place in Georgia, are situated on a small branch of Ocmulgee river, 52 miles from Milledge- ville. The waters are sulphurous, and have been found efficacious in rheumatic and cutaneous complaints. There are here ample accommoda- tions for visitors. Stages leave daily for Madison; and for Columbus. (See route 388.) COLUMBUS is situated on the left bank of Chattahoochee river, at the head of steamboat navigation, 284 miles from Savannah. The city is built on ground 60 feet above the ordinary height of the river, and immediately below the falls, which are a succession of rapids, descending 111 feet within a few miles. Here are a court-house, 4 banks, a market- house, 5 churches, an academy, five schools, a number of mills and cotton factories, and 4,000 inhabitants. Many of the public buildings are in a style of superior elegance, and the prosperity and growth of the city aro remarkable. In the year 1827, it was the council-town of the Cowetas, an 150 STATE OF FLORIDA. Indian tribe. It has an extensive cotton trade, employing a large number of steamboats. Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Savannah, taking cars at Macon ; for Augusta via Indian Springs, and Madison ; and for Montgomery, Ala., taking railroad cars at Chehnw. LA GRANGE is situated six miles east of the Chattahoochee rivwr on a small stream, and 121 miles from Milledgeville. The village has a court-house, three churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. Several lines of stages pass through daily for Atlanta ; and for Mont g ornery, Ma. The White Sulphur Springs are nine miles from Greenville, and 35 from Columbus. These springs are situated in a very picturesque region, and their waters are various, " the white sulphur, the strong and mild chuly beate," &c. Stages arrive from, and depart for Columbus three times a week ; and also for Greenville. FLORIDA lies between 25 and 31 C N. lat., and be- i tween 80" and 87 35' W T . Ion. It is 385 miles long, and from 50 to 250 wide, containing 56,000 square miles. Population in 1840, 54,477. The face of the country is uneven ; but nowhere ele- vated over 300 feet above the sea. The whole extent of the coast is indented with bays and lagoons. A ^ large portion of the country is covered with pine *-** forests, the trees of which, standing at n considerable distance from each other, without brush or underwood, afford an oppor- tunity for the grass and flowers to spread with luxuriance over the surface of the earth during the whole year. The borders of the streams are usually skirted by hammocks of hard timber, entangled with grape and other vines. A large portion of Florida consists of what are usually denominated " pine-barrens," and much of it is sterile, though there are extensive tracts of table-land, hammock, and swamp, of the richest soil, and well adapted to the cultivation of sugar, rice, cotton, Indian corn, tobacco, and fruits. A considerable quantity of the pine-land is equally rich, and even the barrens afford extensive ranges of graz- ing-land, usually intersected with streams of pure water. Many parts of the state abound in yellow-pine and live-oak timber. The seacoast is generally healthy, and in many parts remarkably so ; and the in- terior is equally healthy, unless it be in the neighborhood of extensive marshes. The peninsula, which is the southern portion of the state, presents a singular alternation of savannahs, hammocks, lagoons, &c., called col- STATE OF FLORIDA. 151 ectively the Everglades, which extend into the heart of the country for 200 miles north of Cape Sable. They are drained on the north by the St. John's river, and on the west by Macaco, or Charlotte river. There are many bays on the western side of the peninsula, some of which form good harbors. They are Perdido, Pensacola, Choctawhatchee, St. Andrews, St. Joseph, Apalachicola, Appalachee, Tampa, Carlos, and Gallivain's. On the east coast of the peninsula, the inlets afford harbors for coasting vessels. The St. John's is the principal river on the eastern coast. It often spreads from three to five miles in width, and at other places it is not more than one-fourth of a mile wide. It is exceedingly winding, and flows through a beautiful and healthy country. St. Mary's river rises in Okefinokee Swamp, Georgia, and enters the Atlantic be- tween Cumberland and Amelia Islands. Of the rivers which enter the Gulf of Mexico, the Apalachicola is the principal. It is formed by the junction of Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, about 100 miles from the Gulf of Mexico. The Chattahoochee branch of this river is navigable for steamboats 280 miles to Columbus, Georgia. The other principal rivers are, Escambia, Suwanee, Withlacoochee, Oscilla, Ocklockony, and Choc- tawhatchee. Perdido river forms the western boundary between Florida and Alabama. It is navigable about seven miles above the bay, is a fine mill-stream, and its banks are covered with superior yellow-pine timber. There are in this state several streams of limpid water which sink into the earth and disappear ; and several which rise suddenly from the earth ; one in particular (the Wakulla) is navigable from its very source. There is no college in this state. It has 20 academies, and 60 common schools. By the constitution of the state, adopted in 1838, the governor is elected for four years, and is ineligible for the succeeding four years. In case of vacancy, the president of the senate, or after him the speaker of the house, acts as governor. The General Assembly is chosen on the first Monday of October, and meets on the first Monday in November of each year. Senators are chosen for two years, and representatives for one year. Judges of the Supreme Court and circuit courts are appointed by the General Assembly, at first for five years, and after that term, during good behavior. The right of suffrage belongs to every free white male aged 21 years or upwards, who has resided in the state for two years, and in the county for six months, and who shall be enrolled in the militia, or be by law exempted from serving therein. The state provides for a regis- tration of qualified voters. No minister of the gospel, and no officer in a banking company, while he serves in the bank, nor for twelve months afterwards, can be eligible for governor, senator, or representative. Florida was discovered by Sebastian Cabot, sailing under the English flag, in 1497 ; but he did not land to examine the interior of the country. Ponce deLeon, a Spanish adventurer from Hispaniola, to some extent ex- plored the country in 1512, and a second time in 1516. In 1539 Hernando de Soto, who had greatly distinguished himself under Pizarro in the con- quest of Peru, sailed from Cuba and landed at Tampa bay, in Florida, with an armed force, with which he overran the country, though his followers were mostly cut off, and himself died. In 1562 the French at- tempted to establish a colony in Florida, which occasioned contests be- tween them and the Spaniards, in which the latter were finally victorious. In 1763, Florida was ceded to Great Britain by Spain. The Spaniards re- conquered it in 178J, and it was confirmed to them at the peace of 1783. In 1819, Spain ceded it to the United States, and it was admitted into the Union as a state in 1845. 152 STATE OF FLORIDA. TALLAHASSEE, the capital of the state, is situated on a commanding eminence, 210 miles from St. Augustine. A fine mill-stream, flowing from several springs, runs along the east border of the town, and falls sixteen feet into a pool scooped out by its action ; and thence, after a short course, it sinks into a cleft of limestone rock. The city contains a state-house, a court-house, a market-house, a United States land-office, an academy, Masonic-hall, three churches, and 1,800 inhabitants. It is regularly laid out and has several public squares. Stages leave 3 times a week for St. Jlugustine ; and for Pensacola. ST. AUGUSTINE is situated on a peninsula, two miles from the ocean. The ground on which the city is built is but twelve feet higher than the sea. The houses are mostly embosomed in orange groves. The climate is delightful; many winters pass without any frost, and the air maybe said to equal that of Italy or the south of France. In summer it is tempered daily by the sea breezes, and the land breezes render the even- ings cool and pleasant ; hence it is a favorite resort of invalids from the north. The city is in the form of a parallelogram, one mile long and three-fourths of a mile wide, though not more than half of this extent is compactly built. Matanzas Sound lies in front of it on the east, and, sheltered by Anastasia Island, forms a capacious and safe harbor. St. Augustine is the oldest city in the United States, having been first settled by the Spaniards in 1564. Many of the streets are narrow and very crooked. The old houses are generally two stories high, and mostly built of shell-stone. A fine square opens from Mntanzas river, and around it Imve been erected a neat court-house, two churches, I and several elegant resi- dences. In the centre of the | .square stands a monument, ~ dedicated to the constitution of the Spanish Cortex. The I !;arbor has nine feet of water <>ver the bar at its mouth, and is completely guarded by Fort Marion opposite its entrance. The fort is bomb-proof, and intended to contain 1,000 men and 70 pieces of cannon, but is at present only used as an arsenal and prison. The city contains 4 churches, a United States land-office, ex- tensive barracks, and 2,500 inhabitants. The citizens are composed of Americans, Spaniards, French, &c. Steamboats ply to Savannah and Charleston. Stages leave 3 times a week for Tallahassee. JACKSONVILLE is beautifully situated on the left of St. John's river, 30 miles from the ocean, and 38 miles from St. Augustine. It has a court- house, a church, a bank, an academy, and about 800 inhabitants. Stages leave twice a week for Darien, Ga., via St. Jllary's ; for St. Jlugustine ; and for Tallahassee. The White Sulphur Spring is 80 miles from Jacksonville and 120 from Tallahassee. This spring, which is a great curiosity, risen in a basin 10 feet deep and 30 in diameter, discharges a great quantity of water, and after a course of 100 feet enters the Suwanee river. It is so strongly im- pregnated with sulphur that its waters may be distinguished for a con- siderable distance from its entrance into the river. The waters have been found highly beneficial in cases of consumption, rheumatism, dyspepsia, liver complaints, &c. There are here a large hotel, several boarding- STATE OF ALABAMA. 153 houses, and a fine bathing-house. Stages leave 3 times a week for TaUaJiussee, and for Jacksonville. PENSAOOLA is situated on Pensacola bay, ten miles from the sea, on a sandy plain 40 feet above the water. It is regularly hud out, and has two public squares, two churches, a court-house, market-house, a custom- house, and 2,000 inhabitants. Eight miles below the city is the United States Navy Yard, covering 80 acres of ground, and enclosed by a high brick wall. It contains houses for the officers, a naval store, and other buildings for naval purposes. Stages leave three times a week for Mobile, Ma.; for Tallahassee; and for Bainbridge, Ga. APALACHICOLA is on the right bank of the Apalachicola river, at its en trance into the Gulf of Mexico. It is a great cotton mart, and has u court-house, two banks, several churches, and about 1,500 inhabitants. Steamboats ply on tlte river to Columbus, Ga., and also to New Orleans. ALABAMA lies between 3() u ICX and 35 W N. Jat., and between 8 and 11 30' W. Ion. from Washing- ', ton. It is 317 miles long from north to south, and 174 broad, and contains 46,000 square miles. Popu- jj Jation in 1840, 590,756. The southern part of this state, which borders on ]T ~ the Gulf of Mexico for the space of 50 or 60 miles, is "^- low and level, and mostly covered with pines. In the middle it is hilly, and interspersed with prairies ; in the north it is broken, and somewhat mountainous. The soil in the southern part of the state is generally sandy and barren, but throughout a large part it is excellent. In the northern and middle sections the natural growth is post, black and white oak, hickory, poplar, cedar, ches- nut, pine, mulberry, &c. The Alleghany Mountains terminate in the northeast section of this state, sinking here to elevated hills. The climate in the southern part, and in the vicinity of the bottom-lands on the rivers, and near the Muscle Shoals in the Tennessee river, is unhealthy; but in the more elevated portions it is salubrious. The winters are mild, the streams being rarely frozen, und the heat of summer is tempered by refreshing breezes from the Gulf of Mexico. Mobile river is the principal stream in the state. It is formed by the union of the Tombigbee and the Alabama, 40 miles above the city of Mobile. The Alabama is a large river, and is navigable for vessels draw- ing six feet of water to Claiborne, 60 miles above its junction ; 150 miles further to the mouth of the Cahawba, it has 4 or 5 feet of water ; and to the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, of which it is formed, it has in shallowest places three feet of water. The Tombigbee is navigable for 7* 154 STATE OF ALABAMA. schooners 120 miles to St. Stephens, and for steamboats to Columbus Miss. It is 450 miles long, and boatable for the greater part of its course. The Black Warrior forms a large branch of it, and is navigable to Tusca- loosa. The Chattahoochee forms a part of the eastern boundary of the state, and the Tennessee runs through the northern part. Alabama has only 60 miles of seacoast. But this includes Mobile bay, which is 30 miles long and from 3 to 18 broad. The constitution of this state was formed in 1819. The governor is elected by the people for two years, but is eligible only four years in six. The senators are elected for three years, and one-third are chosen every year. Their number cannot be more than one-third nor less than a fourth of the number of the representatives. The representatives are elected annually, and are apportioned among the counties in proportion to their white population. They cannot be more than 100 nor less than 60 in number. The representatives and one-third of the senators are elected annually, on the first Monday in August, and the day following ; and the governor is elected biennially, at the same time. The legislature meets annually at Tuscaloosa, on the fourth Monday in October. The judiciary consists of a supreme court, a circuit court, and such inferior courts as the General Assembly may, from time to time, direct and establish. The judges are elected every six years by the joint vote of both houses of the General Assembly. The right of suffrage is possessed by every free white male citizen 21 years of age, who has resided within the state one year next preceding an election, and the last three months within the county, city, or town in which he offers his vote. There are three colleges in this state, viz. : The University of Alabama, at Tuscaloosa ; La Grange College, at La Grange ; and Spring Hill College, at Spring Hill. There are in the state 120 academies and gram- mar schools, and 650 common or primary schools. Alabama was admitted into the Union as an independent state in 1820. MOBILE, situated on the right bank of Mobile river, at its entrance into Mobile bny, 30 miles from the sea, and 164 from New Orleans, is pleasantly seated on an extended plain, 15 feet above the highest tides, and has a beautiful prospect of the bny, from which it receives refreshing breezes. It contains a court-house, a United States Naval Hospital, city hospital, 3 banks, a theatre. Burton Academy, 7 churches, and about 13,000 in- habitants. The city is supplied with excellent water brought in iron pipes from Spring Hill, two miles distant, and distributed through the city. Next to New Orleans, it is the largest cotton market in the Union. It is defended by Fort Morgan, situated on a low sandy point at the mouth of the bay, opposite to Dauphin Island, and the harbor has a light-house. Mobile was ceded by Spain to the United States in 1813. Spring Hill College, at Spring Hill, two miles from the city, was incorporated in 1830 STATE OF ALABAMA. 155 It has a president and three professors, 70 students, and 4,000 volumes in its libraries. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for New Orleans, (fare $5 ;) for Montgomery ; and for Columbus, Miss. MONTGOMERY, the capital of the state, is built on a high bluff, on the left bank and at the head of steamboat navigation, on Alabama river, 338 miles from Mobile by the course of the river. It contains a court-house, 7 churches, two academies, and 2,250 inhabitants. The cotton shipped from this place amounts to 40,000 bales annually. This place has very recently been made the capital of the state, and preparations are already in progress for building an elegant state-house. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Charleston, S. C., via Jltigusta and Atlanta. Steam- boats arrive from, and depart daily for Mobile. Stages leave 3 times a week for Columbus, Ga. ; for Rome, Ga. ; for Gunter's Landing ; and for Tuscaloosa. WETUMPKA, situated on the left bank of Coosa river, 15 miles from Montgomery, contains 4 churches, an academy, the state prison, and 2,600 inhabitants. The Harrowgate Springs, in the south border of the city, are much resorted to during the summer months. The waters contain valuable mineral properties. (See route 423.) EUFAULA is situated on the right bank of Chattahoochee river, 97 miles from Montgomery. It contains 2 churches, several extensive ware- houses, and about 600 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to Columbus, Ga. ; and also to dpalachicola. TUSCALOOSA is situated on the southeast side of Black Warrior river, at the lower falls, on an elevated plain at the head of steamboat navigation, 217 miles from Mobile. It was recently the capital of the state, and con- tains a handsome state-house, a court-house, a United States Land-office, 4 churches, a Masonic-hall, an academy, an antheneum for young ladies, a lyceum, the Alabama Institute, and 2,000 inhabitants. The streets are spacious, regularly laid out, and neatly built. The halls of the University of Alabama are a mile fromthecity This institution, founded in 1828, j has a president, 7 < professors or other ' instructors, sixty- three alumni, 60 | students.and 6,000 ] volumes in its li- ^ braries. The commencement takes place on the Wednesday after the first Monday in December. Stages leave three times a week for Mo- bile ; for Montgomery ; for Huntsville ; for Tuscumbia ; and for Co- lumfiu*, Miss. GAINESVILLE is situated on the right bank of Tombigbee river, 283 miles from Mobile by the course of the river. It is a great cotton mart, and has three churches, three academies, and about 200 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Columbus, Miss., and for Mobile. Stages leave three times a week for Columbus, Miss. ; for Jack- nun, Miss.; and for Mobile. DEMOPOLIS is on the left bank of the Tombigbee river, immediately be- low the entrance of the Black Warrior, and 220 miles from Mobile. It <-Mht;iins a United States Land-office, three churches, two academies, and 1,000 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Co- 156 STATE OF ALABAMA. lumbus, Miss., and for Mobile. Stages leave three times a week for Tuscalcosa, and for Mobile. ST. STEPHENS is on the right bank of Tombigbee river, 100 miles above Mobile. It is, next to Mobile, the oldest town in the state, and has a United States Land-office, two churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Mobile, and for Tuscaloosa. CAHAWBA is situated on the right bank of the Alabama river, 240 miles by water from Mobile. It was formerly the capital of the state. It now contains a court-house, two churches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants. Steamboats pass daily for Mobile and for Montgomery. Stages leave 3 times a week for Mobile; for Tuscaloosa ; and for Huntsville. SELMA, sixteen miles above Cahawba, and on the same side of the river, has three churches, two academies, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Montgomery ; for Tuscaloosa ; and for Columbus, Miss. HUNTSVILLE is situated 144 miles from Tuscaloosa, and 10 miles north of Tennessee river. A copious spring comes out at the foot of a large rock with a force sufficient to move a forcing pump, which raises water for supplying the village with pure cool water. The village contains a court-house of Grecian architecture, a bank, of hewn stone, with an [onic portico of costly and elegant workmanship, a neat market-house, a United States Land-office, 5 churches, an academy, a seminary, and 2,500 in- habitants. The houses are neat and tasteful, and many of them elegant. Stages leave 3 times a week for Knoxville, Tenn. ; for Nashville ; for Florence; for Tuscaloosa; and for Montgomery. FLORENCE is situated on the right bank of Tennessee river, imme- diately below the Muscle Shoals. When the water is not low, steam- boats ascend to this place, and it has great advantages for trade. It was laid out in 1818, on an elevated plain 100 feet above the river: the streets are wide and handsome. It contains a court-house, a United States Surveyor-general's office, 3 churches, two academies, and about 2,000 inhabitants. TUSCUMBIA is on the left bank of Tennessee river, four miles below Florence, and 346 miles north from Mobile. It contains 3 churches, 4 seminaries, several manufacturing establishments, and 2,000 inhabitants. A most extraordinary spring here flows from a large fissure in a limestone rock, which discharges 20,000 cubic feet of water per minute. The in- habitants are supplied with water from the spring. Steamboat, stage, and railroad line to Charleston, S. C. ; three times a week via Gunter'g Landing, Atlanta, Go.., and Augusta; and stages for Memphis. Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Maysville, Ky., via Nashville, Tenn. ; and for Vicksburg, Miss., via Columbus and Jackson. La Grange College is sixteen miles southeast from Tuscumbia. This institution was founded in 1831, and is under the direction of the Metho- dists : it has a president, 3 professors, 50 alumni, 106 students, and 2,200 volumes in its libraries. ATHENS is situated on a small branch of Tennessee river, 25 miles west from Huntsville, and has a court house, 2 churches, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. There are white sulphur and chalybeate springs 7 miles north of the village, which are much frequented. Stages leave 3 times a week for Huntsville and for Tuscumbia. BTATE OF MISSISSIPPI. 157 MISSISSIPPI is situated between 30 1(X nnd 35 N. lat., and between 80 30' and 81 35' W. Ion. It is 339 miles long from north to south, and .150 broad. Population in 1840, 375,651. The southern part of the state for about 100 miles from the Gulf of Mexico is mostly a sandy, level pine forest, interspersed with cypress swamps, open prairies, and inundated marshes, and a few hills of a _ moderate elevation. This region is generally healthy, and by cultivation produces cotton, Indian corn, sugar, indigo, &c. As you proceed further north, the country becomes more elevated and agreeably diversified, and the soil is a deep rich mould, producing abundantly cot- ton, Indian corn, sweet potatoes, indigo, peaches, melons, and grapes. The natural growth of timber consists of poplar, hickory, black-walnut, sugar-maple, cotton-wood, magnolia, lime, and sassafras. The country in the north part of the state is healthy and productive ; and the lands watered by the Yazoo, through its whole course in the northwest, are very fertile. The Mississippi river, with its various windings, forms the entire western boundary of the state ; and its margin consists of inunda- ted swamps covered with a large growth of timber. Back of this, the surface suddenly rises into what are called bluffs ; and behind them the country is a moderately elevated table-land with a diversified surface. Cotton is the principal production of this state. The Yazoo is the largest river that has its whole course in the state. It rises in the NW. part, and after a course of 250 miles enters the Mississippi. The Pas- cagoula river, after a course of 250 miles, enters the Gulf of Mexico. At its mouth it widens into a bay. It is navigable for a considerable dis- tance for small vessels. The Big Black river, after a course of 200 miles, enters the Mississippi just above Grand Gulf. It has a boat naviga- tion of 50 miles. Pearl river rises in the central part of the state, and passing through it to the south, forming in its lower part the boundary between this state and Louisiana, enters Lake Borgne. Its navigation ia much impeded by sand-bars and obstructions of timber. Tr\e Homochitto is a considerable river which enters the Mississippi. Besides these, there are a few other small rivers and creeks. A chain of low sandy islands, 6 or 7 miles from the shore, enclose several bays or sounds, the largest of which are Pascagoula Sound and Lake Borgne. The original constitution of this state was formed in 1817, and the present in 1832. The governor is elected by the people for a term of two years, and cannot hold the office more than four years out of six; and in case of his death, resignation, or other inability, it is provided that the president of the senate shall perform the duties of governor, until another shall be duly qualified. The senators are elected for four years, one-half 158 STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. of the number being chosen biennially. They cannot be less thnn one fourth, nor more than one-third of the whole number of the representa lives. The representatives are elected biennially, on the first Monday anrf day following in November, and each county is entitled to one member. The legislature meets biennially at Jackson, on the third Monday in No- vember, ijvery free white male citizen of the United States, 21 years of age, and who has resided in the state one year next preceding the election, and four months in the county, city, or town in which he offers his vote, is deemed a qualified voter. The High Court of Errors and Appeals consists of three judges, elected for a term of six years, one of whom is chosen biennially. There are four colleges in this state, viz. : Jefferson College, at Wash- ington ; Centenary College, at Jackson ; Oakland College, near Rodney ; and Mississippi College, at Clinton. There are 80 academies and 400 schools. In 1716 the French formed a settlement where the city of Natchez now stands. This colony was afterwards destroyed by the Indians in the vicinity. In 1763 the territory was ceded to Great Britain. In 1817 it was admitted into the Union as an independent state. JACKSON, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of Pearl river, which is navigable to this place for small craft. It is built on a plain, a quarter of a mile from the river, is regularly laid out, and con- tains an elegant state-house, the governor's house, the state peniten- tiary, a United States Land-office, two churches, the buildings of Cen- tenary College, and 2,500 inhabitants. Centenary College, founded in 1841, has a president, 5 professors, and 170 students. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Vicksburg. Stages leave for Nashville, Tenn., via Columbus and Florence, Ala.', and for Gainesville; and 3 times a week for Natchez. NATCHEZ is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 301 miles from New Orleans by the course of the river. A part of the city is built on the margin of the river, but mostly on a bluff elevated 150 feet above the water. The ground is somewhat uneven, but the streets are regularly laid out. The houses are- mostly of wood, many of them elegant, and surrounded with gardens stored with fruit and finely ornamented with shrub- bery. It has a court-house, four churches, three bunks, an academy, a female seminary, a theatre, Masonic-hall, an hospital, orphan asylum, and 5,000 inhabitants. The country around contains fine cotton-lands, and the place is a great cotton mart, with an extensive and increasing trade. Three miles from the city is a race-course. Natchez was formerly the residence of the Great Sun, or principal chief of the Natchffi, with whose permission the French built Fort Rosalie here in 1716. The Indians sur- prised and murdered the garrison, and nearly all the persons in the village, in the year 1729. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for New Orleans, Cincinnati, St. Louis, &rc. Stages leave three times a week for Jackson and for St. Francisville, La. (See route 620.) GRAND GULF is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 352 miles above New Orleans by the course of the river. It is on a remarkable bend of the river, locally known as the Grand Gulf, and has a town-hall, hospital, a theatre, two churches, a cotton press, and 1,000 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from , and depart daily for New Orleans, &rc. (See route 620.) WASHINGTON, six miles east from Natchez, is pleasantly situated on a moderately elevated site, and consists chiefly of some 30 or 40 detached STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. 159 private residences, embosomed in the rich evergreen shrubbery of the south. It contains two neat churches and the buildings of Washington College, established here in 3802, and endowed by Con- gress with a grant of land. The college buildings, which are of brick, contain a brary of 1,000 volumes, a chemical apparatus, a logical cabinet, and a collec- tion of Indian antiquities, to- ^ gether with the fossil remains " of a mastodon, and other curious relics found in this state. Attached to the college are about fifty acres of ground, one-half of which remains in its original forest state. The location is healthy, and the vicinity has many fine springs of water, one of which, called Ellicott's Spring, is within the college grounds. PORT GIBSON is prettily situated on Bayou Pierre, 25 miles by the course of the stream from the Mississippi, and only eight from it at Grand Gulf. It contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. VICKSBURG is on the left bank of the Mississippi r., 513 miles from New Orleans by the river. Though of recent origin, it has become a large and flourishing place. It contains a court-house, 5 churches, 3 academies, a theatre, and 4,000 inhabitants. The town is situated on the shelving de- clivity of high hills, and the houses are scattered in groups on the terraces. The Walnut Hills are just above the town. The country around is very fertile. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for New Orleans, St. Louis, Cincinnati, &c. (See routes 620 and 621.) Cars in connection with stages run to Maysville, Ky. t via Jackson, Columbus, Tuscumbia. Ma., Nashville, Tenn., and Lexington, Ky. YAZOO CITY, situated on the left bank of Yazoo river, 493 miles from New Orleans, has several extensive warehouses and 700 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to New Orleans. Stages leave 3 times a week for Holly Springs. HOLLY SPRINGS is situated on a high ridge at the head sources of Yazoo river, and is surrounded by a delightful and fertile region. The village contains a court-house, an academy, 3 churches, and about 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Memphis, Tenn. ; 3 times a week for La Grange ,*for Tuscumbia, Ma. ; for Columbus ; for Jackson ; for Yazoo City ; and for Commerce. COLUMBUS is situated on the left bank of theTombigbee, 120 feet above the river, at the head of ordinary steam navigation, 141 miles from Jack- son. It contains a court-house, two banks, an academy, a female semi, nary, a theatre, a United States Land-office, a market-house, 5 churches, and 4,000 inhabitants. A fine bridge here crosses theTombigbee. Steam- boats ply to Mobile. Stages leave daily for Vicksburg via Jackson ; for Nashville, Tenn., via Tuscumbia ; and 3 times a week for Memphis via Pontotoc and Holly Springs. 160 STATE OF LOUISIANA. LOUISIANA lies between 29 and 32 N. lat. It is 240 miles long from north to south and 210 broad, containing 45,350 square miles. Population ki 1840,352,411. Below the mouth of Red river, the Mississippi di- vides into several branches or outlets, which, diverging f from each other, slowly wend their way to the Gulf | of Mexico, and divide the southwestern part of the state into a number of large islands. The western of these outlets is the Atchafalnya, which leaves the main stream at the mouth of Red river, and inclining eastward, flows into Atclmfalayn bay in the Gulf of Mexico. About 128 miles below the Atchafalaya is the outlet of Plaquemine, the main stream of which unites with the Atcha- falaya ; but other portions of it intersect the country in different directions. Thirty-one miles below the Plaquemine, and 82 above New Orleans, is the outlet of La Fourche, which communicates with the Gulf of Mexico by two mouths. Below the La Fourche numerous other small streams branch off from the river at various points. On the east side of the Mississippi the principal outlet is the Iberville, which communicates with the Gulf of Mexico through lakes Maurepas, Pontchartrain, and Borgne. The whole territory between the Atchafalaya on the west, and the Iber- ville, &c., on the east, is called the Delta of the Mississippi, from its resemblance in shape to the Greek letter of that name. A large extent ot country in this state is annually overflowed. The alluvial margin along the Mississippi lias a breadth of from one to two miles, and is of great fertility. To prevent the river from inundating the valuable tracts in the rear, an artificial embankment has been raised on the margin of the river, called the Levee. On the east side of the river this embankment commences about forty miles below New Orleans, and extends up the river for a distance of 180 miles. On the west side it continues with little interruption to the Arkansas line. Along this portion of the river there are many beautiful and finely cultivated plantations, and a continued succession of pleasant residences. The southwestern part of the state consists of sea marsh, on the margin of the Gulf, but farther inland, of extensive and fertile prairies, which contain many flourish- ing settlements. This country is elevated from ten to fifty feet above high tide. The country between the Mississippi, Iberville, and Pearl rivers, in its southern pnrts, is generally level, and highly productive in cotton, eugar, corn, rice, and indigo. The northern part has an undulating sur- face, and a heavy natural growth of white, red, and yellow oak, hickory, black-walnut, sassafras, magnolia, and poplar. In the northwestern part, the Red river, after entering the state by a single channel, and flowing about thirty miles, spreads out into a number of channels, forming many STATE OF LOUISIANA. 161 lakes, islands, and swamps, over a space of 50 miles long and 6 broad. The bottoms on the river are from one to ten miles wide, and very fertile. The timber on these is willow, cotton-wood, honey-locust, paw paw, and buckeye; on the rich uplands, elm, ash, hickory, mulberry, black-walnut, with a profusion of grape-vines. On the less fertile and sundy uplands of the state are white, pitch, and yellow- pines, and various kinds of oak. The Mississippi river forms the boundary of the state for a considerable distance, and in its lower part runs wholly in this state, where it enters the Gulf of Mexico by several passes. It is navigable for vessels of the largest size. Red river enters the state near the northwest corner, and passes through in a southeast direction, discharging a vast amount of water into the Mississippi, 236 miles above New Orleans-. The Washita runs in a south direction in the north part of the state, and enters Red river a little above its entrance into the 1 Mississippi. Bayou La Fourche and Atchafalaya are large outlets of the Mississippi. The other rivers are the Black, Tensaw, Subine, Calcasieu, Mermanteau.Vermilion, Teche, Pearl, Amite, Iberville, &c. The country was first explored by the French, and received its name in 1682 from La Salle, in honor of Louis XIV. A settlement was attempted in 1684, but failed. In 1699, a more successful attempt was made by M. Iberville, who entered the Mississippi and founded a colony. His efforts were followed up by M. Crozat, a man of wealth, who held the exclusive trade of the country for a number of years. About the year 1717, he transferred his interest in the province to a chartered company, at the head of which was the notorious John Law, whose national bank and Mis- sissippi speculation involved the ruin of half of the French nobility. In 1731 the company resigned the concern to the crown, who in 1762 ceded the whole of Louisiana to Spain. In 1800 Spain reconveyed the province to the French, of whom it was purchased by the United States in 1803. The governor and lieutenant-governor are elected for 4 years. Represen- tatives are chosen for 2 years, and senators for 4 years, one-half being chosen biennially. The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, dis- trict courts, and in justices of the peace. Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the governor, and hold their offices for 8 years. The legislature meets biennially. Every free white male, who has been two years a citizen of the United States, and attained the age of 21 years, and has resided in the state two years next preceding the election, and the last year in the parish in which he offers his vote, has the right of suffrage. The literary institutions in this state are the Louisiana College; Jeffer- son College; St. Charles College; Baton Rouge College; Franklin Col- lege ; Mandeville College ; and the University of Louisiana. There are 60 academies and 200 common schools. BATON ROUGE, the capital of the state, is on the left bank of the Mississippi, 140 miles above New Orleans. It is mostly built on a plain from 25 to 30 feet above high water, the business portion being on the street along the river at the foot of the bluff. The town contains a court- house, three banks, the State Penitentiary, United States Land-office, four churches, a college, an academy, and 2,500 inhabitants. Baton Rouge College, founded in 1838, has a president, four professors, and 45 students, and 1,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is in December. The United States Barracks are on the river bank just above the town, and are surrounded by highly ornamented grounds. Steamboats leave daily for New Orleans, Vicksburg, <$-c. Ji line of stages runs to JVfew Orleans, and also to St. Francisville. 162 STATE OF LOUISIANA. NEW ORLEANS is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 105 miles from its entrance into the Gulf of Mexico, in latitude 29 57' 30" N., and 90 8' W. Ion. from Greenwich. Population in 1840, 102,193. The city is built on ground descending gently from the river towards Lake Pontchartrain in the rear ; so that when the Mississippi is full, the streets are three or four feet below the surface of the river. To prevent inunda- tion, an embankment four feet high and fifteen feet wide has been con- structed, called the Levee, extending from Fort Plaquemine, 43 milea below the city, to Baton Rouge, 120 miles above it. The position of New Orleans as a commercial emporium is unrivalled ; the Mississippi and its numerous tributaries, embracing in their course at the south the region yielding sugar, cotton, and tropical productions, and northwardly the great agricultural and mineral riches of the vast Mississippi valley, bring to it, with their fleets of steamboats, an immense trade in these great staples. The city proper is a parallelogram, extending 1,320 yards on the river; but its whole length, including the incorporated fauxbourgs, is not less than five miles parallel with the river ; and it extends in breadth from one- fourth to three-fourths of a mile, and to the Bayou St. John, two miles. The houses are mostly of brick, and many of the residences in the suburbs are ornamented with orange-trees and gardens. The view of the city from the river is beautiful. On entering the central or lower part of it, the stranger finds it difficult to believe it an American city. The popu- lation is nearly equally made up of Americans, French, Creoles, and Spaniards. In the business season, from November to July, the river in front of the Levee, in its whole extent, is crowded with vessels of all sizes, and from all quarters of the world ; with hundreds of large and splendid steamboats, barges, flat-boats, &c. The public buildings are : the State-house a plain structure, formerly the Charity Hospital the Court-house, the City Hall, and the United States Branch Mint, which is an edifice of the Ionic order of architecture, 282 feet long and 168 deep, Merchants' Exchange, Commercial Ex- change, City Exchange, 14 churches, some of which are elegant build- ings, four orphan asylums, 6 charitable associations, a charity hospital, a Maison de Sante, two infirmaries, two reading-rooms, three theatres, a circus, an armory, several extensive cotton presses, 7 banks, 3 convents, and several large and elegant hotels. By authority of the state, the University of Louisiana is to be estab- lished in New Orleans, and to consist of four faculties, viz., law, med icine, the natural sciences, and belles-lettres; the Medical College of Louisiana, as now organized, is to constitute the faculty of medicine. This institution was founded in 1835, and has a fine building on the corner of Common and Philippa streets ; it has seven professors and 30 students. STATE OF LOUISIANA. 163 Lectures commence on the third Monday in November. Mandeville Col- f lege is on the north side of Lake Pontchartrain, 35 miles from the city. It has a president and 6 professors. The National Gallery of Painting.-* has some fine pictures. The United States Marine Hospital is at McDonough, on the opposite side of the river. The Cypress Grove.Cem- etery, four miles from the centre of the city, is tastefully laid out: there arc 3 others, '2 Roman Catholic and one Protestant. New Orleans, from its shape, is often called the Crescent City, as those streets which follow the river make a curve somewhat in the form of a crescent. The vicinity affords the traveller many objects of interest. The road to Carrollton, six miles distant, is through delightful scenery ; and the Shell Road affords an agreeable ride to Lake Pontchartrain, distant six miles; there is also a railroad to the lake. There are several other points of interest, and among them the battle-ground, six miles be- low the city, where the American army under Gen. Jackson gained a signal victory over a force of 8,000 British, killing in little more than un hour 2,000 of the enemy, with the loss of only 7 killed and 6 wounded. Fares from New Orleans on steamboat routes : To Natchez, $4 to 6 cabin, and $1 to 2 deck ; to Vicksburg, $7 to 10 $2 to 3 deck; to Mem- phis, $8 to 10 $2 to 3 deck ; to Louisville or Cincinnati, $12 to 20 $2 to 3 deck ; to Pittsburg, $12 to 20 $2 to 3 deck. To St. Louis, $12 to 15 $2 to 3 deck. To Nashville, $15-$3 deck. To Little Rock, $12 $3 deck. To Alexandria, $4 to 6 $1 to 2 deck ; to Natchitoches, $7 to 10 $2 to 3 deck; to Shrevesport, $8 to 12 $2 to 3 deck : from Shrevesport, to Fort Towson, $15. From New Orleans, to Plaguemine, $2 ; to St. Martin smile, (175 miles,') $6 to 8; to Opelousas, (217 miles,) $6. To Mobile, $5 to 8. To Galveston, $15 cabin, $8 steerage, and $4 deck. JACKSON is situated on Thompson's creek, 12 miles from St. Francis- ville. It is the seat of Louisiana College, founded in 1825, which has a president, eight professors or other instructors, 109 students, and about 2,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Wednes- day in June. The village has 2 churches, 3 academies, and 1,000 inhabitants. ST. FRANCISVILLE is on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 176 miles from New Orleans. It contains a court-house, a church, an acad- emy, several extensive warehouses, and 1,000 inhabitants. It is a great cotton mart. Cars leave daily for Woodville stages from thence to Natchez ; also 3 times a week for Liberty, Miss., via Jackson and Clinton. DONALDSONVILLE. formerly the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river, just below the outlet of La Fourche. It has a court-house, an arsenal, a church, 4 academies, a United States Land-office, and 1,000 inhabitants. OPELOUSAS is near the head of Vermilion river, 217 miles from New Orleans, and is surrounded by a level and pleasant country. Franklin College, founded in 1839, and located here, bus a president, 3 professors June. The Wesley an College, with a male and female department, has a president and four instructors. The session commences on the first Monday in March. Stages leave for Natchitoches, and for Nacog- doches. NACOGDOCHES is 250 miles from Austin, and 60 west from the Sabine- river, and is situated at the head of several small streams which enter, after a course of six miles, into. the R. Angelina. It was formerly oc- cupied as a military post by the Spaniards and Mexicans. It contains a court-house, a Roman Catholic Church, ten stores, and about 1,000 in- habitants. The University of Nacogdoches was incorporated in 1845, and donated with four leagues of land. It has a president and two professors. RUTERSVILLE, 78 miles from Austin, and five from the Colorado river, is on elevated ground, and the country in its vicinity affords many views of picturesque scenery. It contains about 200 inhabitants. It is the seat of Rutersville College, established in 1840, and donated with four leagues of land. The college, which is under the direction of the Metho- dists, has 2 professors, and a preceptress. There are terms of 21 week* each: the first commences on the third Monday in January, and the second on the third Monday in July. A new college building has been completed, which furnishes ample accommodation for a large number of students. SAN ANTONIO DE BEXAR, 90 miles south by west from Austin, is situ- ated near the head sources and on both sides of the San Antonio river, and is one of the most ancient towns in North America. The houses, which are one story high, with terraced roofs, are built mostly of stone. It contained, previous to the revolution, a population of some 8,000 ; its population at the present time is estimated at 1,500. In its vicinity stand the ruins of the Alamo. This was an oblong enclosure, with walls about ten feet high and 3 feet thick, covering an acre of ground ; it has been styled the Thermopyla? of Texas, in commemoration of the heroic defence of TRAVIS and his brave comrades. CORPUS CHRISTI, at the head of a bay of the same name, 250 miles south from Austin, has a court-house, several stores, and about 700 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to Galveston and to New Orleans. BASTROP, situated on the left bank of the Colorado river, at the crossing of the Great San Antonio road, is surrounded by a highly fer- tile prairie region. It has a court-house, several stores, and about 500 inhabitants. 168 STATE OF ARKANSAS. SANTA FK is situated at the base of a spur of the Rocky Mountains, 12 miles east from the Rio Grande del Norte, on a small branch of that noble stream. It is in lat. 35 41' and 106 W. Ion. from Greenwich, and is elevated about 7,000 feet above the sea. It is the nominal capital of the province of Santa Fe, or New Mexico, although, according to the claims of the late Republic of Texas, it is within the bounds of that state. It is 1,400 miles distant from the entrance of the Rio Grande into the Gulf of Mexico, and 1,067 miles by the great caravan route from St. Louis, Mo. The number of inhabitants in the town does not probably exceed 3,000, but including the several surrounding villages embraced within its incorporation, they amount to about 6,000. The city is very irregularly laid out, and most of the streets are little better than common highways. The buildings around the public square are the Governors house, the custom-house, the barracks, the consistorial of the Alcaldes, the military chape!, several private residences, and most of the shops of the American traders ; these buildings are the only ones which have any pretensions to architectural regularity, the fronts of which are shaded with portales of the rudest, description. The mountains about ten miles to the northeast of the town are supposed to attain an elevation of 12,000 feet above the sea, and their summits are covered with perpetual snows. The silver mines are among the mountains to the southeast, where are pro- cured washings to a large amount annually. a& ARKANSAS lies between 33 and 36 30' N. lat., I and between 89 9 30' and 94 Q 30' W. Ion. It is 240 I miles long and 228 wide, containing 54,500 square I miles. Population in 1840, 97,574. In the eastern part of the state, bordering on the ; Mississippi, and the large rivers which empty into it, : the country is low and swampy, with a heavy growth ' of timber, and is frequently overflowed. In the cen- tral part, it is undulating and broken ; and in the northwestern parts, the Ozark Mountains, rising sometimes to the height of 1,500 feet, extend across the state. The Washita Hills, north of the Washita- river, have considerable elevation. The soil is of every variety, from the most productive to the most sterile. On the margins of the rivcrs.it is exceedingly fertile ; but back of this the land is generally sterile. Prairies are abundant, and of immense extent. In many parts there is a scarcity of water. Cotton and Indian corn are the staple pro-- ductions ; but the country is well calculated for raising cattle. Wild* animals and fowls, as the buffalo, deer, elk, otter, beaver, rabbit, racoon, fcc., wild-geese, turkeys, and quails, are abundant. Near the centre of the state there are numerous hot-springs, the temperature of which limes rises nearly to the boiling point. STATE OF ARKANSAS. 169 The Arkansas, the principal river, rises in the Rocky Mountains, and flows through the state in a southeast direction. It is navigable for steam- boats 300 miles to Little Rock ; and in time of high water, 350 miles farther to Fort Gibson, in the Indian Territory. The St. Francis, the White, and the Washita, are other important rivers. The constitution of the state was formed in 1836. The governor is chosen by the people for four years, but cannot hold the office more thun eight years in twelve. The members of the senate are elected by the people for four years, and the representatives for two years. The elections are viva voce. The senate can never consist of less than 17 nor more than 33 members ; the house of representatives of less than 54, nor more than 100 members. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for eight years, and those of the Circuit Court for four years. These judges are chosen by the legislature. The judges of the county courts are chosen by justices of the peace. The legislature meets once in two years. Every white male citizen of the United States, who has resided in the state six months, is entitled to vote. There is no college in this stale. It has ten academies and 150 com- mon schools. Arkansas was a part of the Louisiana purchase. It was made a terri- tory in 1819, and admitted into the Union in 1836. LITTLE ROCK, the capital of the state, is situated 1 on the right bank of Arkansas river, 905 miles from New Orleans by the course of the rivers. It is built on a high rocky bluff, 150 feet above the water of the river, and is the first place where rocks occur west of the Mississippi. The city has a state-house, a court-house, five churches, two banks, a theatre, an academy, the State Penitentiary, a United States arsenal, a United States Land-office, and 1,500 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to New Orleans, and up the river to Fort Gibson. (See route 441.) Stages leave three times a week for Washington ; for Van Buren; for SI. Louis via Bates- vilfe and lYederickstown, Mo. ; and twice a week for Rock Roe ; thence in steamboats to New Orleans. ARKANSAS POST, situated on the left bank of Arkansas river, 685 miles from New Orleans, is on a high bluff, and contains a court-house and 200 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to New Orleans, Little Rock, frc. HELENA, situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river, con- tains a court-house, a United States Land-office, and 500 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and depart for New Orleans, St. Louis, Cin- cinnati, and Pittsburg, and the intermediate places. HOT SPRINGS is situated six miles north of the Washita river, and sixty from Little Rock. It contains a court-house and about 100 in- habitants. The Springs from which the village derives its name are about fifty in number ; the waters rise from the west base of a mountain and flow into a small stream, which after a course of six miles enters the Washita river. The temperature of the springs differs, ranging from 110 to 150 of Fahrenheit. The waters have been found efficacious in chronic rheumatism, gout, scrofula, and cutaneous affections. There are here ample accommodations for visitors. Three miles northeast are the Chalybeate Springs, the waters of which are cold, and held in much re- pute by invalids. Thirty miles northwest are the Sulphur Springs, but recently discovered. Stages arrive from, and depart for Little Rock three limes a week. STATE OF TENNESSEE. TENNESSEE lies between 35" and 36 e 30' N. lat., I nod 81 W 30' and 90 10' W. Ion. Its mean length is 'J 00 miles, and its mean breadth 114 miles, containing 45,600 square miles. Population in 1840, 829,210. The Cumberland Mountains extend through the mid- die of the state, in a southwest direction, dividing it into two parts, denominated East Tennessee and West Tennessee. The western part of Tennessee is level, or gently undulating ; in the middle it is hilly. East Tennessee abounds in mountains, many of them elevated, presenting much grand and picturesque scenery. Of the mountains, Cumberland, or Great Laurel Ridge, is the most remarkable. It nowhere has an elevation of more than 1,000 feet. Stone, Yellow, Iron, Ball, Smoky, and Unika mountains, form a chain in the SE., and constitute the eastern boundary of the state. Northwest of these are Bay's Mountain, Copper Ridge, Clinch Mountain, Powell's Mountain, and Willing's Ridge, with valleys between them from 5 to 10 miles wide. Caves of great depth and extent are found in the eastern part of the state. The soil is various, but generally fertile. The western part has a black, rich soil ; in the middle are great quantities of excellent land ; in the eastern part the mountains are mostly sterile, but the valleys are very fer- tile. The country has a great profusion of native timber, poplar, hickory, walnut, oak, beach, sycamore, locust, cherry, sugar-maple, &c. There are many medicinal plants. The soil produces abundantly cotton and tobacco, the staple commodities of the state ; also grain, grass, and fruit. The Tennessee river has its chief course in this state. It is 1,200 miles long, and is navigable for steamboats to Florence in Alabama, 276 miles above its entrance into the Ohio ; and from the head of the Muscle Shoals, for boats 250 miles further. Cumberland river, which, rising in Kentucky, runs mainly in Tennessee, is navigable for steamboats 198 miles to Nashville, and for boats 300 miles further. It enters the Ohio river in Kentucky, 60 miles from Mississippi river. The Holston, Clinch, French Broad, and Hiwassee are branches of the Tennessee. Obion, Forked Deer, and Wolf rivers, in the western part of the state, flow into the Mississippi, and are navigable for boats. The constitution of this state was formed in 1796, at Knoxville, and re- vised in 1833. The governor is elected by the people for two years, but is not eligible more than six years in eight. The representatives, who are apportioned among the different counties according to the number of qualified voters, are chosen biennially, and their number cannot exceed 75 until the population is 500,000, and can never afterwards exceed 99. The senators are chosen and appointed in like manner, and can never ex- coed one-third the number of representatives. The legislature meeib STATE OF TENNESSEE. 171 biennially, at Nashville, in October following the election. It can be called together by the governor at other times, if necessary. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the joint-ballot of both houses of the legislature, and hold their office for twelve years. Every white person over 21 years of age, who is a freeholder in the county where he offers his vote, or who has resided in the county six months immediately preceding the election, enjoys the right of suffrage. The literary institutions are : Greenville College, at Greenville; Wash- ington College, near Jonesboro ; the University of Nashville, at Nash- ville ; East Tennessee College, at Knoxvilie ; Cumberland College, at Lebanon ; Jackson College, near Columbia ; Franklin College, near Nash- ville ; and the Southwestern Theological Seminary, at Marysville. There are in the state J60 academies and 1,000 common schools. Tennessee was admitted into the Union as an independent state in 1796. NASHVILLE, the capital of the state, is situated on t!ie loft bunk of Cumberland river, at the head of steam- boat navigation, 120 miles from its June- tion with Ohio riv- er. Its site is un- duluting, and is ele- _^ vated from fifty to lfi| 375 feet above Uw|l river. It contain* gs an elegant state- ~ house, a court-house, market-house, a lunatic hospital, the State Peni- tentiary, three banks, ten churches, the halls of Nashville University, a seminary, several other schools of a high order, and 10,000 inhabitants. The Lunatic Hospital is a large and commodious building, and will ac commodate 100 patients. The University, founded in 1806, has a presi- dent, four professors and two tutors, 291 alumni, 100 students, and 10,000 volumes in its libraries. The main edifice is 200 feet long, 50 wide, and three stories high. The commencement is on the first Wednesday in October. Stages leave daily for May smile, Ky., via Lexington ; for Vicksburg, Miss., via Tuscumbia and Jackson; three times a week for Knoxvilie ; for Augusta via Atlanta ; for Huntsville, Jlla. ; for Memphis via Huntingdon and Bolivar ; for Columbus, Ky. ; and for Smit/dand. Steamboats leave for New Orlmns, &c., via Smithland. MEMPHIS is situated on a bluff, on the left bank of the Mississippi river, immediately below the mouth of Wolf or Loosahatchie river, 798 miles above New Orleans. It is regularly laid out, and contains six churches, an academy, and 10,000 inhabitants. Memphis is the depot for West Tennessee, and its commerce is extensive, more than 120,000 bales of cotton being shipped from this place every season. A United States Navy Yard has lately been established here, and the necessary buildings are in course of erection. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for New Orleans ; for Cincinnati ; for St. Louis, &c. Stages in con- nection with steamboats and railroad cars leave for Charleston, S. C., via Tuscumbia, Ma., Gunter's Landing, Atlanta, Ga., and Augusta. Stages leave 3 times a wrek for Nashville ; for Jackson, Mists., via Holly Springs ; and also for Columbus. COLUMBIA., 42 miles from Nashville, is situated on the left bank of Duck river, and contains a court-house, three churches, a bank, an 172 STATE OF TENNESSEE. academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Jackson College, in the vicinity, founded in 1830, has a president and four professors, 100 students, and 1,250 volumes in its libraries. Stages leave daily for Nashville. CLARKSVILLE, situated on the right bank of Cumberland river, 65 miles from Nashville by the course of the river, contains a court-house, three churches, an academy, two banks, and 2,000 inhabitants. It has an extensive trade in cotton and tobacco. Steamboats leave for Nash- ville and for New Orleans. Stages leave 3 times a week for Nashville and for Smithland. FRANKLIN is eighteen miles from Nashville, on the left bank of Big Harpeth river, and has a court-house, four churches, five acad- emies, and about 1,500 inhabitants. In the vicinity is Franklin Col- lege, founded in 1844, which has a president, six professors, and 90 students. Stages leave 3 times a week for Nashville. MURFREKSBORO', once the capital of tlie state, is situated on a small branch of Cumberland river, and contains a court-house, three churches, an academy, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week for Nashville ; for Knoxmlle; and for Hantsville, Ala. KINGSTON, situated on the right bank of the Tennessee river, at the junction of the Clinch river, contains a court-house, two churches, aa academy, and 700 inhabitants. KNOXVILLE is on the right bank of Holston river, four miles below the ^f^-"~ " 7^^IL^^^=^~=L Junction of French Broad j| river, and at the head of gL steamboat navigation. It Si" contains a fine court-house, 3 churches, two academies, ^_ a male and a female semi- ITnary, and 1,500 inhabitants. 3& The buildings of East Ten- cssee University are located n a beautiful eminence of considerable elevation, on the north bank of the Holston, half a mile west of the city. They consist of a large central edifice, two commodious halls, three stories Jiigh, for study and lodging rooms, three professors' houses, &c. The University has a president, four professors, 100 alumni, 120 students, 3,800 volumes in its libraries, and an extensive chemical and philosophical apparatus, mi^ralogical cabinet, &c. The commencement is on the first Wednesday in%.ugust. Stages leave three tines a week for Washington, D. C., ma Abingdon, Va., and Statin ton ; for Raleigh, N. C. ; for Charleston, S. C., via Warm Springs, Greenville, &c. ; for \ Charleston via Atlanta, Ga., and Augusta ; for Savannah via Atlanta ; for Nashville; and for I^cxington, Kit., via Cumberland Gap. JONESBORO' is on a small branch, and ten miles south of Holston river. It has a court-house, three churches, two academies, and 1,000 inhabi tants. Washington College, in the vicinity, founded in 1794, has a presi- dent, three professors, 110 alumni, 45 students, and 1,000 volumes in ita libraries. Stages leave Jonesboro 1 3 times a week for Knoxmlle ; for Abingdon, Va.; and for Raleigh, N. C. MA.RYSVILLE, 18 miles from Knoxville, is situated on a branch of Holston river, and contains a court-house, a church, and about 500 inhabitants. It is the seat of the Southwestern Theological Seminary, under the direction of the Presbyterians, founded in 1821, which has two professors, 30 stu- dents, and 6,000 volumes in its libraries. RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, THROUGH THE SOUTHERN STATES. 1339) F'M RALEIGH TO BEAUFORT, Via Goldsboro ' and Newbern. To Bus bee's Store 1 9 Smithfield 181 27 Petersburg $ Roai Railroad. Jarret's Depot. . 11 Stony Creek 9 PETERSBURG.. 21 Proctor's Creek 11 RICHMOND 114 WASHINGTON, (see No. 288) . 117 (342) F'M RALEIGI NORFOLK, Va. Via Gareysburg Raleigh 3 S 11 22 9 13 H MH ^7 16 :; 18 % 13 12 14 9 149 162 168 174 179 191 TO id 20 28 40 49 56 59 63 69 88 91 98 109 11:') 118 127 U9 150 172 180 189 202 TO 1. 71., 109 125 128 146 172 185 202 214 228 m Boonhill 10 15 26 12 8 16 28 H W. 8 12 12 12 20 8 7 10 13 35 H J, VL I 6 11 11 13 10 11 n 37 52 78 106 118 126 142 170 TO 12 20 32 44 56 76 84 91 11)1 113 12ri 161 TO Z. IR. 9 15 26 37 44 57 67 78 87 97 108 Kingston Trenton Pollocksville NEWBERN Cravenville BEAUFORT (340) F'M RALEIG PLYMOUTH, Via Washingtc To Eagle Rock... Wakerield Mason's Hall Trollinger's B'dge Haw River. Albright's Alletnance .. GREENSBORO' ... New Garden Friendship Kernersville SALEM ... Margaretsville 1 Portsmouth <$ Roa Railroad. Newson's, Va 1 Franklin 1 Carrsville Nasliville. .... Rocky Mount Tarboro' Oldtown Bethma Little Yadkin.... Sparta Faulkland Pactolas Washington PLYMOUTH (341) F'M RALEIC WASHINGTON Via Richmond, Raleigh $ Gastor To Huntsville Forrestville Franklin Suffolk 1 Portsmouth 1 NORFOLK Tom's Creek Mt. Airy New Grayson.Va. (343) F'M RALEIGI LYNCHBURG, Vi Raleigh & Gaston To Huntsville.... Forestville Newlight 1 Austinville (345) F'M RALEIG KNOXVILLE, T< Via Jonesboro, 1 & Greenville To SALEM (see No. 344) ... Panther Creek ... Huntsville Hamptonville WlLKESBORO'... Reddy's River Jefferson North Fork Tylorsville,Tenn Moore's Iron W'ks Wilton Staunton Granville Stage. Oxford 1 Berea v . . 1 Roxboro' 1 Leasburg 1 Henderson Ridgewny Macon Depot Littleton ^ Greenville RR. Ruland's,Va. ...110 Belriekl Ill Milton 1 DANVILLE.Va I Pittsylvania C. H. 1 Robertson's Store. 174 ROUTES IN NORTH CAROLINA. Dugger's Ferry. . . Elizabethtown ... JONESBORO' Leesburg Sheatown 9 13 18 li) 4 b 13 14 6 5 8 9 16 H 111 Va 7 id 4 12 It; ii 10 6 11 9 5 10 LO A. 5 10 12 12 1! 10 16 21 10 8 11 15 5 ,H C. 23 2- 24(5 259 277 282 21)2 2 ( K; 302 315 32!) 335 340 318 352 361 37 / TO . rm 20 ' 27 34 46 56 til) 72 Lib 12.; 131 142 151 156 166 176 21 1 216 226 238 250 261 2; 1 287 :il4 324 332 343 358 363 TO in tl 12 36 no 73 CHER AW, S.C. ..13 Tiller's Ferry \i 31132 5il67 , 11(2 31225 I TO 52 eigh 61 73 81 89 98 107 114 122. URG Veio- 10 fi HH (352) F'M WlLMIN TO WASHINGTON, Via Richmond Wilmington $ Ra Railroad. To Rocky Mount. Bergaw 3TON D.C. I leigh *$ 7 30 9 39 9 48 8 56 12 76 9 85 11 96 7103 6109 7116 9125 8133 11 144 11155 7 162 5167 mrg, )'l77 0187 1198 9207 1218 4229J 1 240* 1 26U 8 269i 0279* i mi 2 302i 7358i GTON LK. 15 31 18 49 17 66 22l 88 GTON S.C. 30 30160 TTE- JRY. la 9 23 COLUMBIA l3 (348) F'M RALEIGI WILMINGTON. To Goldsboro' (see No. 338) ... Wilmington & Ral Railroad. Dudley's . . 9 enderson's Mills Greenville Gustavus Cheek's X Roads. Morristown... S. Washington... Teachy's Strickland & Hither Springs., ossy Creek Newmarket Strawberry Plains KNOXVILLE (346) F'M RALEIG KNOXVILLE, Tt Via Salisbury &r } Springs. Warsaw Dudley's ... Goldsboro' Faison's 12 Warsaw 8 Strickland 8 Teachy's 9 S. Washington. 9 Nahunt.a Burden's Tossnott Ltocky Mount Battles' Rocky Mount . . 8| WILMINGTON.. 14J (349) F'M GAREYSB TO BEAUFORT Via Plymouth &r J bern. To Jackson Rich Square 1 Eniield Hackriey'sXR'ds Pittsboro' Halifax WELDON St. Lawrence Marley's Mills.... Gareysburg Richmond^ Peters &r Potomac Rl Pleasant Hill.... 1 Belfield I Ashboro' Spencer Cotton Grove SALISBURY Woodgrove Covvansville Statesville Poplar Grove Hokesville Jarrett's. I Britton's Store 7 33 6 59 Stony Cieek Plymouth 1 Washington 3 Swift Creek B'dge ! 6 75 110 s 12* 7145 tildl fcl84 Proctor's Creek. 11 RICHMOND 1 Tuylorsville i RutherGlen Milford 1 Eavesville Drowning Creek . MORGANTOWN... Locust Grove Pleasant Garden . Cravensville 1 (350) F'M EDENTO NORFOLK, Va To Hertford Wood vi lie 1 NTO 12 1 23 33 2 45 5 50 9 72 4 86 rTON a. 167 noke 2179 1 !!)3 3 206 5:21 1 3224 7241 1 242 FREDERICKSB'G 1 Aquia C'k Land- ing, Va 1 Swannano Steamboat. Mt. Vernon 2 Alexandria WASHINGTON... (353) F'M WlLMIN TO FAYETTEVIL To Robinson's.... Westbrook Elizabethtown ... Prospect Hall .... FAYETTEVILLE . . (354) F'M WlLMIN TO CHARLESTON Steamboat. ToSmithville....! CHARLESTON 1 (355) FROM FAYI VILLE TO SALISB To Murchison's Mills ASHVILLE French Broad Lapland. ......... Elizabeth City.... 1 New Lebanon 1 South Mills... . Warm Springs.. Newport Oak Grove DANDRIDGE Tuckahoe Lake Drummond. 1 Deep Creek, Va... NORFOLK 1 (351) F'M WlLMINf TO NORFOLK, V To Gareysburg (see No. 352)... Portsmouth & Roa Railroad. Margaretsville ] Newson's.Va. ... 1 Franklin 1 Mechlenburg KNOXVILLE (347) F'M RALEK COLUMBIA, S. Via Fayetteoille Cher a to, S. C To Middle Creek. Averysboro' FAYETTEVILLE . . Davis' Springs . . . Carrsville. Randallsville Montpelier Laurel Hill.... 12 6 8 85 MM Suffolk... 1 Portsmouth 1 NORFOLK . . . Johnsonville.. .. &OUTES IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 175 16 39 18 57 6 63 Blairville 10 '. I 5 7 h i 81 90 93 ! 105 111 117 Wadesboro' 6 1C 14 15 15 13 5 12 11 19 21 BL JN e. 8 8 15 6 \B it; 9 11 22 if 15 llj S'l V T N SI {, Ch 30 38 :>7 40 A U im 9 9 6 5 8 12 8 5 6 57 67 1 too 115 198 133 Ii5 156 175 196 RY 18 26 34 49 89 98 112 134 151 169 184 200 ON ' 00 ON ar- 99 129 167 204 244 ON 1). sft- I. 62 bio, 71 80 86 91 99 111 119 124 1HO Caledonia Pinckneyville ... Mt. Tabor. . Sugg's Bridge.... Sneedsboro' CHERAW, S. C... Society Hill Darlington Mar's Bluff Hill^s Store 15 78 8 86 8 94 18112 BURY ^a. 16 11 21 16 43 12 55 4 59 lii 69 12 81 7 88 7 95 20115 7SJ293 IYTO a. 1 52 YJ lul 731177 Decatur UNIONVILLE Cedar Grove Cross Keys Mt. Lebanon Healing Springs.. SALISBURY f33S) FROM SALTS TO NORFOLK, ^ To Cotton Grove. Spencer Huntington.. . * 12 11 7 1 9 HT 3 12 11 5 5 9 20 BT S a 8 8 10 11 6 3 1^ i.: 15 20 16 13 17 KJ 33 BT ,s 10 12 5 6 123 l.T; !^; : 15V 159 168 RY 71 78 81 9;] 104 109 116 121 130 150 RY C. llll- 40 48 55 59 67 77 88 a IS 145 It;;, 181 194 21 i I. 244 RY .C. 15 25 28 I 51 Jarirey's Creek... Flintville Lynch's Creek China Grove GEORGETOWN... (365) FROM SALIS TO WlLMINGT( Via Fayettevill To Healing Sp'gs. Mt. Lebanon Hill's Store Laurensville Waterloo Stony Point Deadfall Smithville ABBEVILLE (362) FROM SALIS TO COLUMBIA, S Via Yorkvilh To Yorkville (see No. 361) ... Guthriesville Brattonsville Ashboro' Lanesville Parley's Mills.... St. Lawrence Pittsboro' Hackney's X R'ds Grove RALEIGH NORFOLK (see No. 342)...! (357)F'MSALISBUI LYNCHBURG, V To Greensboro' . . Danville, Va Snugg's Bridge .. Caledonia Carthage Blackstock's Yonguesville Albion Johnsonville Murchinson's M'ls FAYETTEVILLE.. Prospect Hall Elizabethtown ... Westbrook- Winnsboro' Cookham (358) FROM SALIS TO WYTHEVILI To Lexington . . . . 1 Salem SURY -K. 1 17 20 37 931130 BURY Ga. 27 11344 * 164 '201 225 248 IYTO .C. I 52 J9 H 33114 311145 IYTO C. York. 10 11 21 12 33 7 40 8 48 8 56 15 71 COLUMBIA (363) FROM SALIS TO CHARLESTON Via Charlotte den, S. C. To CHARLOTTE, (see No. 361) . . . Mt. Seer Robinson's . . . WILMINGTON (366) F'M CHARLE TO GEORGETOV By Stage . . WYTHEVILLE (see No. 344)...! (359) FROM SALIS (367) F'M CHARLE TO SALISBURY Via Camden <$r lotte. To Sumpterville (s-eNo. 363)... CAMDEN Lancaster ToStatesville.. Morguntown ... 4? Ashv'iUe 59 Wnynesville... 29 Franklin 37 Pleasant Valley, S C. .. Bel Air Cureton's Store. . . Lancaster Pleasant Hill L ARKS VirTLE.. 123 (360)F'MSALISBUI GREENVILLE, S To Lincolnton Erwinville Flat Rock Charlotte, N. C... CAMDEN Bradford Springs. Sumpterville Privateer (368) F'M CHARLE TOKNOXVILLEjl Via Columbia <$ ville, JV. C. South Carolina ., ToBranchville... BranchvillebCoh Railroad. Rowe's Pump Orangeburg Semerson's Lewimlle Fort Motte Gadsden Hopkins Vance's Ferry Roadsville Inabret's . Spartansburg GREENVILLE (361)F'MSALISBUI ABBEVILLE, S. Via. Charlotte < mile. To China Grove.. Concord SoutJi Carolina j CHARLESTON .... (364) FROM SALIS TO GEORGETOWN Via Cheraw To Rockville Kendall's Store... iAlbemarle Norwood. Harrisburg CHARLOTTE Whitehall Ranalesburg YORKVILLE, S.C. i Cedar Hill Woodlands COLUMBIA.... 1 Beverly.... 176 ROUTES IN GEORGIA. Oakville Pomariu Newberry Pagesville Huntsvilie Holland's LAURENSVILLE .. Greenwood Fountain Inn plains ;;; GREENVILLE Traveller's Rest .. Merrittsville... Flat Rock Henderson ville ... Mud Creek Limestone Ashville French Broad Lapland.... Warm Springs.. Newport Oak Grove Dandridge Tuckahoe Mechlenburg. ... KNOXVILLE 3 43 :: 56 4170 9 1 J84 > S: 9 iyg 11 209 821. 6223 12235 10 24a 10 297 11308 8 379 1 39t 371) F'M CHARLESTON TO SAVANNAH, By Steamboat....! 1110 372) F'M COLUMBIA TO RALEIGH, N. C. r ia Ca.rn.dtti <$- Cher aw. To CAMDEN ' Tiller's Ferry CHERAW Laurel Hill, N. C. Montpelier iandallsville ")avis' Spring ^AYETTEVILLE . . Averysboro' Vliddle Creek &ALEIGH (369) F'M CHARLESTON TO AUGUSTA, Ga. South Carolina RR To Mile Pump ... Sneath's Woodstock Ladson's , Somerville ijawrence's jnibret's Ross's St. George's Reeve's BRANCHVILLE .. Edisto Turn-out. Midway Loury's Graham's Black ville Williston White Pond Windsor Johnson's Aiken Clark's Marshes Hamburg AUGUSTA, Ga. . 4 . 5 8 M ;' 410 410 811 512 41& 4 12 813 113 (370) F'M CHARLESTO TO SAVANNAH, Ga. To Jacksonboro'. Blue House Pocotaligo. 14 6 Grahamsville If, 7 SAVANNAH, Ga...J33lll 58 35 93 33126 8134 6140 12 \>- lo l 25190 1222! ;373) F'M COLUMBIA TO SALISBURY, Via Yorkville. To Cookham Clarksville, Ga. ..fflOl 79 Nacoochee 13 92 DAHLONEGA 1211113 377) FR'M ABBEVILLE TO UNION POINT, Ga. To Calhoun's M'ls 'etersburg, Ga. . . Danbury rVashington Tyrone J ublic Square UNION POINT 61 70 $78) FROM SAVANNAH TO AUGUSTA. Central Railroad. To Brinsonsville (see No. 379)... Stage. Waynesboro' Richmond Fact'y AUGUSTA WinsboroV Albion Yonguesville Blackstock's Chester Brattonsville Guthriesville YORKVILLE Ranalesburg, NC. Whitehall CHARLOTTE Harrisburg Concord China Grove SALISBURY 9 5 34 7 13 H KL 111 11 12 12S 11 141 10150 (374) F'M COLUMBIA TO RUTHERFORDT'N, To Maybintown .1 . Goshen Hill ...... | 8 '" Unionvi le ........ Glenn's Springs .. Spartansburg ..... HUTHERFORUT'N 37113 (375) F'M COLUMBIA TC AUGUSTA, Ga. To Lexington Leesville ......... Ridge ............ fcklgefield C. H. . . Hamburg ......... AUGUSTA ........ (376) F'M GREENVILLI TO DAHLONEGA, Ga. To Pickensville.. fl PickensC.II ..... 18 3 . ..... West Union ...... 110 4 Davis' Ferry ..... JlSi 5 80 15|ll7 10J127 (379) FROM SAVANNAH TO MACON. Central Railroad. To Eden Depot. . . Reform. . Armenia Halcyondale , Depot Scarboro' Brinson ville Mid ville Holcomb Depot ..., visbo . 50 10 60 10 70 12112 10122 13135 13148 mvuDoro Pennille Oconee (Jm Emmett 5152 Kingston 8160 Gordon 10170 Larkville 10180 MACON 10190 (380) F'M SAVANNAH TO MONTGOMERY, Ala. Via Macon & Colum- M bus. To E. Macon (see No. 379).. Macon 190 1 191 Macon & Western RR. Prattsville Forsyth , Depot BARNESVILLE.. Union Hill , Thomaston Pleasant Hill..., Bellevue. BlutfSprings.... WaverlyHall... Ellerslie COLUMBUS 16207 8215 8223 8231 6237 10247 11258 5263 7270 7(277 8j285 16301 ROUTES IN GEORGIA. 177 Crawford, Ala . . Society Hill ..... gee ........ Keys ...... Tuske Cross Cabahatchie ---- Mt. Meigs ....... MONTGOMERY .. 12313 Noah's Fork.... 15328 Millersburg 15343 Murrreeibero'... 101513 Stone Mountain 14527 Decatur lOlfi5W ATT tv-T 186) F'M AUGUSTA TO NASHVILLE, Term. 10|537 ATLANTA 10^3 NASHVILLE 34571 jjil^JI (383) F'M AUGUSTA TO 13|383i CHARLESTON, S. C. || Oeorif ia Railroad. i To Hamburg.... I I 1 To Atlanta (381) F'MSAVANNAHTO e ., rnv . n i^. n pp ST. AUGUSTINE, Fa. il W* Carolina RR. To Old C. H.... . . Riceboro' S. Newport DARIE.N Bethel 17 'M-j , 34 Clark's joiAiken i Johnson's , i Windsor q? I White Pond.. Wayuesville Langsbury Jeffersonton St. Mary's Jacksonville, Fa. ST. AUGUSTINE. (382) F'MSAVANNAHTO ! Reeve's . NASHVILLE, Tenn. I St. George" 23140 Graham's , BRANCHVILLE .. To E. Macon (see No. 379).. 190 Ross 3 Inabret's MacoV.::: '.'.: : : :i i m &"&'*. Macon ^ Western RR. - Prattsville Forsyth... gepot ARNESVILLE . Miluer Griffin Depot.... Fosterville Jonesboro' 7271 Poolsvillo 10281 ATLANTA I 11292 161207 'Woodstock 8215 jSneath's 8223 Eight-mile Pump 8'231 CHARLESTON... 7.1 5. 22 (se'e'No. 385)..| 1 171 9 ! West'n $- Atlantic RR. 13 To Chattanooga. (see No. 382).. Stage. 148.319 141|460 (387) F'M AUGUSTA TO MONTGOMERY, Ala. 30 ; NASHVILLE 56 1 To ATLANTA 100 4104 5109 6 115 41119 Jonesboro' Fosterville GRIFFIN.. Stage. 5129 8il37 11 loin (384) F'M AUGUSTA TO 8 257 ! ATHENS. 7 264 iTo Union P'nt I (se* No. 385)... I I 76 At/tens Branch RR. West'n fr Atlantic RR. Chattahoochee R Marietta Acworth Allatoona Etowah River. .. KINGSTON Williams' Oothkaloga Oostanaula Connasaiiga CROSS PLAINS.. Tunnel Dogwood Tennessee Line. . Chickamiiuga R. CHATTANOOGA.. Stage.. Lookout Valley. Jasper Buttle Creek.... Pelhain Hilhsboro' Mauciiester (see No. 38 Macon Sr Western RR. 11182 10192 7199 15:214 10246 10 256 8264 10274 5279 14293 7300 11311 10321 Zebulon ________ Flat Shoals ..... , " sjaJ Mo'untViiie ::;::, -' La Grange , Long Cane , WEST POINT.., Woodville Salmonville ATHENS . (385) F'M AUGUSTA TO ATLANTA. Georgia Railroad. To Belttir.. }\ 326 6332 7339 13352 10372 5377 jBerzeiiaY.""!!!!. 8385; Dearing 7392 Thompson 7399^ " 7406 7413 6419 11430 6436 21 457 4461 25486 9 495 8503 9115 ville .. Camak., imming rawfords .. UNION POINT.., Greensboro 1 _____ Buckhead ...... Madison.. Rutledge Social Circle... Covington Conyers Lithonia . Cusseta ......... , Mt. Jefferson Auburn ......... , Chehaw ......... Montgomery and West Point RR. Uphawpee Fort Decatur Magruders Creyons 10 1 345 111356 MONTGOMERY ..I 10 1 366 (388) F'M AUGUSTA TO MONTGOMERY, Ala. Via Indian Springs. $ To Madison Shadydale Monticello Planter's INDIAN SPRINGS. iUnionville IBarnesville Union Hill... Thorr imaston ., , Pleasant Hill... 7il03 Bel lev ne.: 9 ilia Bluff Springs... 7 1119 Waverly Hall.. 11 130 Ellerslie 10 140 .COLUMBUS 104 14 118 8126 7133 10143 11154 17171 6177 10187 11198 5203 7210 7217 8 ! 225 16241 ..i 82,323 178 ROUTES IN GEORGIA. (389) F'MAUGUSI MONTGOMERY Via Milledseville con, &r Colu.rn.bi To Camac (see No. 385) ... 'A C, ,J IS. ? 12 8 15 13 25 6 7 12 \->, TO \Ia- 47* 51 60 72 80 95 108 125 150 156 163 175 187 Anderson C. H. Steele's 5 8 7 8 8 13 75 vs 'ei e. 6 8 12 9 18 17 96 S'S 9 14 6 12 4 5 ss ila itt 20 9 10 10 19 17 12 Itj 9 18 18 5 13 22 :P VR 11 21 90 96 105 113 121 134 309 TO n. 10 16 24 36 45 153 80 176 TO 20 29 43 49 61 65 70 TO r's 43 H3 72 XI 92 111 128 140 156 1H5 183 201 206 219 241 GE- KS- 16 26 46 ATHENS Grove Hill Diinielsville Madison Springs Carnesville Poinsett 7 10 6 8 12 9 18 :D< KN 3 15 6 9 20 27 10 9 9 15 18 44 10 :ix BU 17 23 6 7 12 12 16 16 IN 13 15 8 12 9 3* ad 741 IN nn 9 6 S 5 10 20 5 15 15 73 83 89 97 109 118 136 JE- 22 25 40 46 55 75 102 112 121 144 153 168 186 230 240 JE- S. 13 30 68 80 92 108 124 TO 17 30 45 53 65 74 77i 125 TO 201 210 216 239 J50 305 320 Pendleton Double Branches. Pickensville GREENVILLE KNOXVILLE (see No. 368)...! (392) FR'M ATHE MADISONVILLE,'! Via Clarksvill To Grove Hill.... Danielsville Madison Springs CLARKSVILLE.... (396) FROM MILLI VILLE TO DARI To Emmett Mayfield Sparta Devereaux's Store MlLLEDGEVILLE. Wallace Rains' Store MACON Knoxville Frnncisville Union Tarversville HAWKINSVILLE.. Daviston Talbotton Poinsett CLARKSVILLE Temperance Jacksonville Lumber City Box ville Elierslie 16 16 82 I'A Dr. nc in an 17 12 8 3 17 17 18 7 5 20 '10 203 219 301 TO on, sta- ge, 125 142 154 162 165 182 199 JIT 224 22! 219 w Nacoochee. . . . MADISONVILLE... (393) FR'M ATHE DAHLONEGA. To Jefferson Cunningham's Store Gainesville Lucksville MONTGOMERY (see No. 380) ... (390) F'M AUGUS' PENSACOLA, Fl Via Warrenton,^ Bainbridge, C hoochee, Q-JLaGr Fior. To Macon (see No. 379) ... Busheeville Perry Perry's Mills Surrency Fort Barrington . . DARIEN (397) FROM MILLI VILLE TOCOLUM To Wallace MACON New Bridge Auraria Knoxville DAHLONEGA (394) FR'M ATHE HUNTSVILLE, A Via Rome & Gu- Landing' To Gainesville (see No. 393) ... Cummings' High Tower Orange . Francisville Union Daviston Talbotton Limestone Murshallville Traveller's Rest . . Americus Starkville Palmyra Elierslie COLUMBUS . . (398) FROM MAC AUGUSTA. To Wallace MlLLEDGEVILLE. Devereaux' Store. Albany ... Newton BAINBRIDGE Canton Chattahoochee, 41 25 It, 1* 25 90 FA 311 .C c. i: ! i 5 9 E 10 10 330 371 389 414 504 TO 1. '.& 24 33 42 47 5(i 65 75 ai Cassville Mayfield Marianna Oak Hill ... MissionaryStation Ballplay, Ala.... Gaylesville Van Buren Marshall Clays ville, (oppo- site Gunter's Landing) Newhope Warrenton Camac Georgia Railro AUGUSTA 14 (399) FROM MAC KNOXVILLE, Te To CROSS PLAINS (see No. 382)... Stage. Spring Place Pleasant Valley.. Cleveland, Tenn. Calhoun Holmes' Valley .. Steamboat. PENSACOLA (391) F'M AUGUST KNOXVILLE, T< Via Greenville, -S Askville, JV. To Hamburg, S.C. Edgefield Duntonsville Longmire's Store. Winter Sent Fraziersville ABBEVILLE Temple of Health Varennes HUNTSVILLE (395) FROM MILLI VILLE TO CL VILLE, Via Athens To Cloptonsville . Eatonton Mantua . Athens Philadelphia Blain's Ferry..,. Salem l( 10 56 >66 Campbell's Sta'n KNOXVILLK Watkinsville.... ROUTES IN FLORIDA. 179 TO CHARLESTO Via Macon Sr AIL ToEllerslie Waverly Hall... Bluff Springs.... Bellevue N. CUS 8 7 5 11 11 6 i R 18 43 ona 171 Rl 137 UMI II . n / 8 8 8 16 1 jad 10 10 10 I 12 13 10 12 15 10 10 10 !* I'M I N. '. 8 . 7 . 7 . 5 . 11 ta. 1 24 31 38 43 54 65 71 R. s 13 10 Ml L.I 11 21 11 18 25 13 15 28 J % 22 :D VII e. 17 17 12 8 3 70 87 96 !OH 115 12 i 137 3US 14 21 35 47 ;2 r:i 7h 84 89 101 103 133 146 156 JUS 12 23 44 55 73 IN 12S ill 150 184 1% _>!:; 238 25* 2*0 JE- AS- 13 30 47 59 67 71) VILLE TO COLU S. C. Via Augusta To Devereaux' Store . . . Ml . 8 12 i !! 9 4 10 l 20 9 7 M 18 12 JO VH 48 35 2(1 1.; 12 27 6 16 VH OJ \H )!,. 2! :'- 12 11 42 38 15 CO ia. 14 ,E 15 IA, 15 23 35 4 )6i b'5i ~t 95 96 116 125 112 142 160 172 us- AS- 24 72 107 127 142 154 181 187 194 210 \s- I. 26 \s- L. 21 42 67 79 33 135 173 180 195 LA fiO 74 TO g Monticello Shadydale Sparta. . . . Pleasant Hill.... Thomaston Union Hill Barnesville Jlfaconfy Wester (403) FROM COLTJ TO ROME. To Cataula Hamilton Carlisle Mayfield Warrenton Camac Oeorgia Railro Thompson. .. Dearing ATLANTA LA GRANGE Corinth Bell Air 1 Georgia Raid AUGUSTA. Watson's Newnan Ferry. Hamburg, S. C. .. Stage. Edgefield C. H. . . Lott's Ridge (see No. 385).. South Carolina CHARLESTON... (see No. 383).. (401) FROM COL TO SAVANNA To BARNESV'LE (see No. 400).. JWaeon < Westei Depot ,... Lodi. Rotherwood Carrolltori Hickory Level Van Wert Leesville ROME Lexington COLUMBIA (407) FR'M ST. A TINE TO TALL SEE. ToWhitesville (or Garey's Ferry) . Newnansville Lancaster (404) FROM COLU TO APALACHICC Steamboat. To Ft. Mitchell .. OrwicheeBend... M 'Cloud's Ferry . Forsyth tattsville ACON EUFAULA Ft. Gaines Columbia Mineral Spring . Columbus Central Railr Larksville Gordon. . . Madison Brown's Ferry ... CHAT'AHOOCHEE Ochessee Prison Bluff loin Lipona Lake Laura TALLAHASSEE ... (408) FROM TALL. SEE TO PORT LB By Railroad (409) FROM TALL SEE TO PENSAC( To Q,uincy... Kingston Emmet Oconee Davisboro' Depot Ft. Gadsden Apalachicola (405) FROMMlLLI VILLE TO TALL, SEE, Flor. Via Bainbrida, To Wallace MACON Busbay ville Pe rry Holcomb Midville.. Brinsonville Scarboro' Chattahoochee . . . MariamiR Depot Halcyondale Armenia Webbville Campbellton Almirante Milton Reform Eden Depot SAVANNAH (402) FROM COL TO MADISO ToEllerslie Waverly Hall... Bluff Springs-;,.. Bellevue Pleasant Hill Thomaston Limestone Marshnllville Floridatown Traveller's Rest.. Americns 17 87 17 KM IX 1_- 7:129 5134 2(1154 40194 25219 10,229 11240 (410) FROM PENSA TO MOBILE, A ToBlakely MOBILE (411) FROM MOBIJ CHARLESTON ToBlakely Stockton Stark ville...,.:... Palmyra Albany Newton . ' BAINBRIDGE !Q,uincy, Flor Salubrity i TALLAHASSEE .. 180 ROUTEb IN ALABAMA. Mt. Pleasant Claiborne Burnt Corn Greenville , Kirkville Sandy Ridge . . . Hickory Grove . PintLala MONTGOMERY . West Point Atlanta Augusta CHARLESTON .. 361 65 18 83 25108 57 Ilifi 11176 5181 5 isi; 1019(5 13209 87 '296 . 10S.404 . 171 575 . 137ibl2 (414) FROM MOBILE TO COLUMBUS, Miss. Steamboat. To Ft. St. Philip . (412) FR'M MOBILE TO MONTGOMERY. Steamboat. To Ft. St. Philip.) Ft. Stodder 18 .'ombigbee River.l 5 English's Landing' 9 bait's Landing... 25 James' Landing-. French's Lauding Oliver's Ferry ... Gosport w Turkey Shoals ... 9107 8115 13128 Bell's Landing ... 15143 Lower Peach-tree. Black Bluff L'd'g 11 163 [Jpper Peach-tree. Prairie Bluff'. Canton Bridgeport Bor --".'" Por ogue Chitto Portland Centreport King's Landing.. CAHAWBA Senna Frederick's Land. Beuton Miller's Ferry Vernon Lowndesport Washington MONTGOMERY ... 9 Iti 13176 11187 10197 3200 12 212 5217 3220 16256 9265 10317 9326 12,338 Ft. Stodder Alabama River .. Mclntosh Bluff... Crawford's Land- 18' 39 5! 44 13 57 Sunflower Bend.. McMillan's Bluff. Shield's Ferry St. Stephen's Stark's Landing . 7 85 7 92 8100 12112 * L'O 13 133 Shelbyville | 71208 Fosterville |13 221 Murfreesboro'. . . . (12 233 COFFEEVILLE... Turner's Shoals.., . Wood's Bluff....! 7140 Cades Landing... 10150 Nanaf'alia Bluff.. 21 171 Turkey Shoals ... I4l8o Moscow 21206 DEMOPOLIS 14 2-0 Tusca lot. sa River. 1 2222 Buzznrdroust Bl'ff 28 20 Jones' Bluff. 14264 Trussell's Land's. .12276 GAINESVILLE 7283 .lamestown 12295 Vieurra 10305 Fairfield 15320 Ringo's Bluff....i 9329 Pickensville Young's Bluff, Miss 8346 COLUMBUS 23,369 (415) FROM MOBILE TO NEW ORLEANS, By Steamboat....! 1164 (416) FROM MOBILE TO PENSACOLA. ToBlakely 1 14 PENSACOLA 601 74 (417) F'M TUSCALOOSA TO NASHVILLE, Via Huntsville. To Bucksville.. Jonesboro' Ely ton Mt. Pinson Village Springs .. _ Blountsville !19 __ Martin's Stand.... 110105 Oleander 1 14 119 1 Lacy's Springs... jll 130' Whitesburg 4134! HUNTSVILLE..... !10 144 Meridianville 8152; Hazel Green ! 6il58i Fayettevilie,Tenn 16 174 Lynrhhnrg 15I18U; FlatCieek ItfiHi; Stuartsboro' Buchanansville... NASHVILLE 14 247 82.35 12267 (418) F'M TUSCALOOSA TO CORTLAND. To Northport .... Jew Lexington . . Idridge.., Thorn Hill Camp Spring Moulton CORTLAND 23 24 28 52 22 74 19 ! 93 10103 16119 (419) F'M TUSCALOOSA TO COLUMBUS, Miss. ToCarrolltou ....! [42 Pickeusville Ill 53 Nashville, Miss... 10 63 COLUMBUS 16 79 (420) F'M TUSCALOOSA TO MOBILE. To Demopolis I (see No. 413) ...| St. Stephen's 85 149 MOBILE 168217 (421) F'M TUSCALOOSA TO MONTGOMERY. To Mars Scottsville Centreville ....... Randolph ... ..... ... ..... _. Maplesville ....... 10 Kingston ......... 24 .. Coosada .......... 20106 Wetumpka ....... | 4110 MONTGOMERY ... 115 125 (422) F'M MONTGOM'RY TO AUGUSTA, Ga. Via West Point. Montgomery and West Point RR. ToCreyon's ...... eyon's ...... ider's ....... Uphaupee Chehaw Stage. Auburn Mt. Jefferson.. Cusseta West Point !! AUGUSTA (see No. 387)... 279 366 (423) FRQM MONTGOM ERY TO ROME, Ga. j To Wetumpka. ..I I 1& [Eockfotd b! 38 ROUTES IN ALABAMA. 181 Sylacauga.. Weewokaville ... Mardisville Talladega , Kelly's Springs.., Fife's , Alexandria JACKSONVILLE.., Ladiga BtateLine, Ga. ., Cave Spring , Vann's Valley..., ROME 18114 10 124 13137 !.> 1/2 4 156 5161 12173 (424) FROM MONTGOM- ERY TO HUNTSVILLE. To Jacksonville I I (see Nb. 423) ...I 124 Cove Creek 13137 Bennettsville |15 152 Aurora 10162 Marshall 17179 Claysville ! 5 184 HUNTSVILLE 35219 (425) F'w MONTG'MERY TO COLUMBUS, Miss. Via Selma. To Washington..! I 10 Vernon 10 20 Mulberry 13! 33 SELMA 18; 51 Valley Creek I 3i 54 Hamburg 15 69 Marion . .1 7 Greensboro' ...... 118 94 Erie .............. 13107 Eutaw ........... 12119 Sp Cli 712.4 1130 ._ r >ringfield Clinton Pleasant Ridge... Vienna Pickensville Nashville, Miss... COLUMBUS (426) FROM MONTGOM- ERY TOTUSCALOOSA. To Wetumpka... , 4| 19 Coosada. . Kingston Map Ran plesville 24 63 10 ! 73 14: 87 8 9') 6101 TUSCALOOSA 24 125 (427) FROM MONTGOM- ERY TO MOBILE. JToPintLala andolph Centreville Scottsville Mars . Hickory Grove... Sandy Ridge Kirkville Greenville 28 33 11 44 Burnt Corn 57J01 Claiborne 25 12ti Mt. Pleasant 18 144 Stockton 36il80 Blakely 15 19=) MOBILE 141209 FR'M MONTGOMERY TO MOBILE. Steamboat. To Mobile (see No. 412) ...I 1338 (428) F'M MONTG'MERY TO COLUMBUS, Ga. ToMt. Meigs. Cababachie ... Cross Keys .... Tuskegee Society Hill... Crawford Gerard COLUMBUS ... 1 82 (429) FROM SELMA TO HUNTSVILLE. To Wood lawn... L'lantersville Maplesville Montevallo Shelbyville Elylon HUNTSVILLK (see No. 427) ... 90177 (430) FROM SELMA TO GREENVILLE. To Cahawba Barnes Pleasant Hill Farmersville Bragg's Manningham GREENVILLE (431) FROM SELMA TO TUSCALOOSA. To Valley C reek. |, Hamburg Marion Greensboro' Havanna Carthage , _ TUSCALOOSA 17i 83 (432) F'M HUNTSVILLE TO KNOXVILLE, Tenn. To Newmarket, Ala Salem Winchester Hillsboro' Hickory Creek... McMinnville Rock Island SPARTA Bonair. Railroad Plains .. Crossville Bellville I'ost-oak Springs . Kingston Wood's Hill Campbell's Stat'n KNOXVILLE 61116 61123 6128 20148 5 153 7160 i!79 185 (433) F'M HUNTSVILLE TO NASHVILLE, Tenn. To Meridianville.l Hazel Green I . Fayetteville,Teun 16 Mulberry.. Lynchburg Flat Creek 12 Shelby ville | 7 Fosterville 13 Murfreesboro' 12 _ Stuartsboro' 14 103 uchanansville...i 8 111 ASHVILLE 12123 (434) F'M HUNTSVILLK TO FLORENCE. To Shoal Ford ... Athens Rogersville Mason ville 14 __ FLORENCE I 9 71 (435) F'M HUNTSVILLK TO FLORENCE. To Decatur I ! 31 Tuscumbia <$r Decatur Railroad. Hillsboro' ., Cortland . . . 12(43 8 51 13 64 10 74 4 ! 78 Leightc.. Tuscumbia FLORENCE (436) FROM FLORENCE TO AUGUSTA, Ga. ToMasonvil!e....l I 9 Rogersville 12 21 Athens 23 44 Shoal Ford 12| 56 HUNTSVILLE "" Cobb's Store Newhope Cottonville (Claysville ( ffl 81 10 91 7 98 d'g). Gunter'sL Marshall.... Van Buren . Galesville.. Ballplay Missionary Stat'n, . Ga Ifi!l70 ROME 12182 Kingston 18200 6104 5,109 18127 18145 91154 182 ROUTES IN LOUISIANA. Allatoona Ac worth Marietta Atlantn Georgia RR. AUGUSTA (see No. 385).. 201220 20260 171 451 C437) F'M FLORENCE TO NASHVILLE, Tenu. To Lnwrenceburg I 36 Mt. Pleasant ..... Colunil)ia ........ 151 Spring Hill ....... 1-' Hi Franklin ......... 12 93 - : "- "> ^ Good S f : NASHVILLE 113.111 (438) FROM FLORENCE TO MEMPHIS, Tetm. To Young's Roads . . 15 48 Combs' Store Adamsville Purdy .. Rose Creek 10 75 .,:... ^2 97 7104 .''11190 . 5125 . 5130 4134 8142 ,, , 6148 Raleigh | 7 155 MEMPHIS 101165 (439) F'M FLORENCE TO COLUMBUS, Mi ToTuscumbia... Russellville Tollgate Pikeville Moscow Border Spring, Miss COLUMBUS Bolivar Middleburg. New Castle. Whitehall.*.'.'.'.' Oakland Birch Pond.... Morning Sun Green Bottom 100 17117 (439J) FR'M FLORENCE TO PADUCAH, (Moutii of Tennessee River.) Steamboat. To Savannah, Tenn ......... Perrysville... .... . Reynoldsburg PADUCAH, Ken.. 10ol276 DCf* For distances on the Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri R : " (4i0) F'M N. ORLEANS iCamden.. TO NATCHEZ. !| Ft. Co u pee L'd'g. To La Fayette . . . J I 2 Lit. Missouri Riv. Bonnet Carre 36 38 Hallasport Hrinjrier's 20 58 Manchester Donadsonville ... 15 73 New River 10, 83 Iberville 9: 92 221 70S I0 ! 715 26741 Manchac . 10 102 Haton Rouge 10112 ARCHIDELPHIA .. (443) F'M N. ORLEANS TO SHREVEPORT. Steamboat . | -' 236 Port Hudson: ". ". '.'.'. 34 Mti To Red River L'g St. Francisville...; 2 148, j Alexandria 84320 West Fdiciana RR. Lmirel Hill 17 SHRVVKPORT 86ij 165' Co!d Spring 15 iNATCHKZ .20.all (441) F'M N. ORLEANS TO FT. GIBSON, Ind. Ter. Steamboat. Wood vi lie.'.'.'. '.'.'. 11 176 (444) F'M N. ORLEANS TO GALVESTOS, Tex. By Steamboat.'...! 1450 (445) F'M N. ORLEANS TO MOBILE. Steam hoi. .A" ion! onr I 620 Pine Bluff 120 805 LITTLE ROCK . 10( Lewisburg .... 651 970 Dardanelte ..... 4511015 Spadra Bluff...! 301045 ' Bluff 61051 15 10H6 10 1076 601136 Me Lai n a s Bott. Ozark Van Buren FORT SMITH... I 91145 Fort Coffee ! 201165 Webber's Falls. 60 1225 FORT GIBSON. . I 40 1265 (4410 F'M N. ORLEANS TO OPELOUSAS. Steamboat. 100217 To Plaquemine. . OPELOUSAS (442) F'M N. ORLEANS TO ARCHIDELPHIA, Ark. Steamboat. To Mouth of Red River Trinity (Washita River) Harrisonburg Columbia MONROE . Burk's Landing, Ark Benson's Land. . ,,.,Ciiampagnole ... ii Beach Hills Mississippi City .. Pascaguuia. . 14' '^ 30109 MOBILE (55164 (446) F'M N. ORLEANS TO LOCOPOLIS, Miss. Steamboat. \ \ To Month of Yo- zoo River |420 Satartia 52472 YxzooCiTY 21493 'IVhula '57550 Marion 33583 LOCOPOLIS 177.660 (447) F'M N. ORLEANS TO HOUSTON, Texas. To OPELOUSAS I I (see No. 44H) . . | |217 Buchanan's Ferry 90307 Billion's Ferry Pattillos, Texas.. Beaumont Liberty HOUSTON 3,340 12352 50;402 501452 (448) F'MN. ORLEANS TO AUSTIN, Texas, Via Natchitoches . Steamboat. To NATCHITO- CHES (see No. 443)... 414 .,-.,. Fort Jessup 25 439 22 380 I >owe's Ferry .... 29 468 6-1444 SM bine Town 79 523 m r;:>3 8,073 10,683! Texas ' 2 470 Milan 15 485 San Augustine... 15500 NACOGDOCHES... 351535 Douglass 15550 lt. Airy 10,560 ROUTES IN TEXAS AND ARKANSAS. 183 Crockett 37597 Cincinnati 30bJ< Huntsville 15 W2 Montgomery 25 66^ Husk Funthorp' ! 12 679 5684 WASHINGTON 18 702 Independence 11 713 Mt. Vernoii 10723 Shelby's 15738 Rutersville 19 La Grange 5 - Plum Grove 9771 Mt. Pleasant 20791 Bastrop 11802 Webber's Prairie. 15 817 AUSTIN 18.835 (449) FR'M GALVESTON TO WASHINGTON, Via. Houston. To Houston I I 80 Myrtle Turf 30110 ASHINGTON.. >|i45 (450) FR'M GALVESTON TO MATAGORDA. To San Louis....! J 28 Cedar Grove .. MATAGORDA . . .25! 90 (451) F'M VELASCO TO WASHINGTON. To Brazoria ...... Columbia ! 18 II '>U Qrozimba Sig Creek ........ .ichmond ........ San Felipe de Austin .......... Burleigh ......... Travis ............ Cedar Creek ...... WASHINGTON (452) F'M MATAGORDA TO AUSTIN. To Preston Peach Creek Kpypt Columbus La Grange \USTI! (454) FR'M GALVESTON TO CORPUS CHRISTI. ToMatngorda.... Tex turn. Victoria Goiiad CORPUS CHRISTI d90 130 154 :-M 188 4j 233 (455) F'M SAN AUGUS- TINE TO BoNHAM. JS >' 08 36 74 23 97 20 !:' 20 152 n im \ I IS.'! n; i!:i 15214 15229 222:- 22 2J 3 142*7 18305 To Shelby viile ... Hillyar's Klysian Fields Marshall Smithland Hughes Dai.igerfield Weaver's UeKalb.. Savmmah . Blossom Prairie.. Honey Grove. ... BONHAM (456) F'M LITTLE ROCK TO ST. Louis, Mo. ToSearcyC. H... Batesville Reed's Creek Smithville Jackson Fourche De'Mas . Hicks' Ferry Cane Creek, Mo.. Greenville Fredericktown ... Mine La Motte... Fiirmington 35 98 Caledonia 9107 Porofi (see No. 448) .,, I 40 8 48 l-j' t;u !KJ 35J125 73198 453) F'M LA GRANGE TO SAN ANTONIO DE BEXAR. ToGonznleg... I 50 Old Mines ........ Glenfinlas ........ Hillsboro' I 55 40 95 20115 5120 15 ia"> 16151 H 'f? 23215 35250 4254 4258 22280 9308 10318 Clifton 15. -volt's Suip/iur I Springs ' 4337 Jetlersoi i Barracks 11 1348 Carondelet 5353 ST. Louis ! 6,359 (457) F'M LITTLE ROCK TO FORT GIBSON. To Lewisburg Pt. Remove Dwight Scotia Pittoburg Clarksville j... ......... SAN ANTONIO DE Pleasant Hill BKXAR l&lliJOllVan Buren I 45 6 51 56 77 H 83 8 91 8 99 12111 :, i-ji; 12 188 231161 FORT SMITH 15166 Kedron 128194 Mnckey's Salt I I Works 18,212 FORT GIBSON.... 20 232 (458) F'M LITTLE ROCK TO FORT TOWSON. To Collegeville. .. Renton Rockport " ymond . Washington .... 47122 Ultima Thule.... Eagletown FORT TOWSON .. (459) F'M LITTLE ROCK TO NAPOLEON. To Pine Bluff.... I 150 Richland ......... 20 70 Arkansas Post.... 47 117 Wellington ....... 16133 White River ..... I 6139 NAPOLEON ....... 9148 (460) F'M LITTLE ROCK TO HELENA. To Clarendon ....I Lawrence vi lie ---- 15 Big Creek ........ 28 ........ HELENA .......... 19122 (461) F'M LITTLE ROCK TO MOUTH OF WHITK RIVER. To Rock Roe.... Stcaniliont. Mouth of White River .......... (140203 (462) F'M LITTLE ROCK TO MEMPHIS, Tenn. ToCache ........ | I 60 MEMPHIS ........ |98!158 (463) F'M LITTLE ROCK TO SHREVEPORT, La. To WASHINGTON' 1122 Spring FHII ....... 25147 Lewisville ........ 26173 Belleview, La. ...|52225 SHREVEPORT 118 243 (464) F'M LITTLE ROCK TO BOSTON, Texas. To WASHINGTON! 1122 Fulton ............ 15137 BOSTON .......... 551192 184 ROUTES IN MISSISSIPPI. (465) FR'M VAN BUREN TO JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. To Fayetteville. . Montgomery <>anklin Bentonville Springfield, Mo.. JE 20 70 100170 IEFFERSON CITY! 401210 (466) F'M NATCHEZ TO CINCINNATI, O. Via Columbus, Wash- ville, (V* Lexington. Mississippi Railroad. To Washington . Malcolm ... Stage. Gallatin Line Store Newtown JACKSON j 10100 Canton j 23J123 11141 6147 H l.u "192 217 .223 18241 117 358 Sharon Springfield Ot'ahotna Hopahka Louisville Choctaw Agency Shoco COLUMBUS FLORENCE (see No. 4 ) .. NASHVILLE (see No. 437) ..111469 CINCINNATI (see No. 478) .. 1291760 (467) F'M NATCHEZ TO MAYSVILLE, Ky. To LEXINGTON 1 (see Nos. 466 & 478) Moretand., Paris . i 676 8684 8699 6.05 S713 733 Millershurg Forest Retreat Lower Blue Lick. "day's Lick yVasnington MAYSVILLE (468) F'M NATCHEZ TO LOUISVILLE, Ky. To NASHVILLE (see No. 466) .. 469 LOUISVILLE (see No. 481) ..181650 (469) F'M NATCHEZ TO MEMPHIS, Via Jackson, Lexing- ton, &r Holly Springs. To JACKSON I (see No. 466)... llOO Canton 23123 ^exington Jlackllawk.... ^arrollton Grenada Oakachickuma. . . Coffeeville lagsdale's Stand Oxford College Hill Wyatt.. Waterford Jolly Springs ... \. Mt. Pleasant . Jolliersville jrerrnantown .... MEMPHIS 20143 12 l.V. 7162 15 177 r> i!i2 21213 131226 41230 141244 I6i260 6266 8274 10284 9293 15308 15323 ! 9332 14346 ;470) FR'MVICKSBURG TO JACKSON. To Bovina Edwards' Depot.. Bolton's (Jlinton JACKSON FACKSON NATCHEZ (see No. 473) .. 13 lit , 27 8 1 35 9i 44 (471) F'M JACKSON TO GAINESVILLE, Ala. Po Brandon Uentennary Coll.. Hillsboro' County Line 475) FROM COLUMBUS TO M E M PHI s , Ten n . Via Pontotoc $ Holly Springs. To Waverly.... Colbert Hamilton Aberdeen Jotton-gin Port PONTOTOC Cypress Creek.. Herbert 11 _ DeKalb 20106 GAINESVILLE .... 32 138 472) F'M JACKSON TO VICKSBURG. Vicksburg and Clinton Railroad. To Clinton Bolton's Ed ward's Depot.. Bovina VICKSBURG (473) F'M JACKSON TO NATCHEZ. To Newton I I 10 Line Store 12; 22 Gallatin 15 37 Malcolm 331 70 Mississippi Railroad. Washington 114! 84 NATCHEZ 1161100 (474) FROM COLUMBUS TO NATCHEZ. To Choctaw Ag'yl I 24 Louisville 25i 4 Hopahka 371 86 Springfield 14100 Canton Il8118 23:141 iooW Cypress C rlilton... Waterford HOLLY SPRINGS.. MEMPHIS . 25104 16120 5125 9134 53,187 (476) FR'M NASHVILLE TO WASHINGTON,D.C. Via Knoxville. To Green Hill Cedar Grove.. Lebanon Three Forks.. Alexandria... Liberty... Smithville Allen's Ferry Sparta. . 10 6*7 6 73 Bonair Springs.. Railroad Plains.. Cross vi Belle ville '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Post Oak Springs. Kingston Wood's Hill Campbell's Stat'n KNOXVILLE Academia Blain'sX Roads.. Rutledge... Bean's Station ... Rocky Spring Red Brid 89 6|107 20127 5132 7139 19158 6164 15179 10189 9198 14 212 9221 4225 ige Rogersville Yellow Store... Lyon's Store ... New Canton . .. Kingsport Eden's Ridge... BLOUNTSVILLE Saplin Grove... ABINGDON, Va. Cedarville Glade Spring I 5318 Seven-mileFord.. 11329 Marion i 6335 Pleasant Hill 11346 Rural Retreat.... | 7353 WYTHEVILLE 9362 Draper's Valley.. 18380 Newbern 11 391 Ingle's Ferry i 7398 10242 8250 32>3 7260 9269 6275 9284 9293 13306 7313 ROUTES IN TENNESSEE. 185 Christiansburg . . . La Fayette Salem Eig Lick isbon Liberty Otter Bridge New London 12410 1U ]:;:,, 440 8472 479 . 11 490 70 560 LYNCHBURG CHARLOTTES- VILLE ........... ---- FREDEKICKSB'RG 85 (545 AquiaCr'k L'd'gl4659 Sttamboat. Alexandria ....... 57 WASHINGTON 7i723 (477) FROM NASHVILLE TO MAYSVILLE, Ky. To Glasgow (see No. 478)... Harrodsburg ..... . ..... .. _.. Lexington ........ 31J20; MAYSVILLK ...... I6H26S (478) FROM NASHVILLE TO CINCINNATI. To Pleasant Hill.. Hendersonville ... Gallatin State Line Icottsville, Ky. . . _. - 13! 72 12 84 |13 97 Lewis ............ GLASGOW ........ Blue Spi ing Grove| Three Springs-..- 4101 Monroe ........... I 6 107 Greensburg ....... |11 118 Campbel!sville...il2130 Newmarket ...... 12142 Lebanon ......... 6 148 Perry ville ......... i 18 166 HARRODSBURG . . 10 176 Shawnee Run....! 7183 Nicbolasville ..... Il2 195 LEXINGTON ...... 112207 8215 4219 Delphton Georgetown Williamstown....35254 Crittenden 11265 Florence 16281 Covington 92-40 CINCINNATI 1291 (479) FROM NASHVILLE TO MAYSVILLE, Ky. To Lexington (see No. 478) . . . Moreland Paris Millersbnrg Forest Retreat.... Lower Blue Lick May's Lick Washington MAYSVILLE 8244 12256 4268 (480) FROM NASHVILLE TO SMITHLAND, Ky. Steamboat. 16: 12 77 30107 12 11B 16135 28163 roClarksville.... I'almyra Dover I'obaccoport Danton, Ky Eddy ville SMITHLAND, (at the mouth of CumberrdRiv.)35198 (481) FROM NASHVILLE TO LOUISVILLE, Ky. To Pleasant Hill.. I i 7 Mansker's Creek.! 6 13 Pyree Springs.... 7. 20 Mitchell ville 14 34 Franklin BOWLING GREEN Dripping Spring.. 14 Three Forks 8 Woodson ville 11 " .10 MumrordsvUe .- ..eesville 8116 .Volen -"'" ttlizabethtown .. West Point 22160 Saliim 10170 LOUISVILLE 11 181 (482) FROM NASHVILLE TO SMITHLAND, Ky. To Mt. Henry... Fredonia 5 Clarksville 11 Oak Grove 12 Hopkinsville 14j 72 Cemlian Spring.. 16 8 Princeton 10 98 Fredonia 14112 Salem 10122 SMITHLAND ! 15 137 (483) FROM NASHVILLE TO COLUMBUS, Ky. To Chesnut Grove Charlotte Batson's Waverly - REYNOLDSBURG Sandy Hill Paris Barren Hill Boydsville 19 88 12100 7107 13120 oydsvil _. Feliciana 16136 Clinton 11147 COLUMBUS 12 159 (484) FROM NASHVILLE TO MEMPHIS. To REYNOLDSB'G I (see No. 483)... 69 Camden loj 79 Sandy Ridge HUNTINGDON Reullara S. Carroll Spring Creek 7105 9114 7121 131134 Jackson +. Medon 121146 BOLIVAR 16 Ifc2 Middleburg I 7169 xNewcastle I 5174 SOMERVILLE 11185 Whitehall Oakland Birch Pond Morning Sun Green Bottom Raleigh 5190 i 195 4 199 8207 6213 7 220 MEMPHIS ........ 10 230 (485) FROM NASHVILLE TO NATCHEZ, Via Columbus < Jack- son. To Good Spring.. Franklin Spring Hill.... Columbia Mt. Pleasant . . Lawrenceburg FLORENCE, Alt Tuscumbia Russellville.... Tollgate Pikevilie '10J177 Moscow 19196 Border Spr'g, Miss 15211 COLUMBUS 17 .36111 .! 5116 . 18134 . 3:1167 Choctaw Agency. 24252 25 277 37314 8322 6328 11339 7346 Loirsville Hopahka Ofahoma Springfield Sharon Canton _ "ACKSON 23369 NATCHEZ ' (see No. 473)... 100 469 (486) FROM NASHVILLE TO MOBILE, Via F/orence, Ma. t $- Columbus, Miss. To Florence (see No. 485).. Columbus (see No. 485).. Steamboat. MOBILE 117228 369597 (487) FROM NASHVILLE TO MOBILE, Ala. Via Hunts-Gill e $ Tus- caloosa. To Mur frees boro*. I j 34 Fosterville 1121 46 186 ROUTES IN TENNESSEE. helbyville [13] 59 lynchburg 19j 78 ayetteville 15 93 azel Green ...... eridianville ..... NTSVILLE ..... hitesburg ...... Lacy's Springs... Oleander Mer HU Wh 16109 10133 4137 11 148 Marti 'n r s Stand ". ". i I 14 162 Blountsville 1 10 172 Village Springs.. 19191 Mt. Pinson 8 199 Elyton 14213 Jonesboro' 11224 Bucksville 11235 TUSCALOOSA MOBIL; 'So. (see No. 420)... 217 484 (488) FROM NASHVILLE TO CHARLESTON, S.C. Via Augusta, Ga. To Murfreesboro'. Millersburg 10 Beach Grove 11 Manchester 13 Hillsboro' i " Pelham I - __ Battle Creek 25 110 Jasper I 4114 Lookout Valley.. 21 135 CHATTANOOGA...] 6(141 West'n d'- Atlantic RR. Cross Plains, Ga. Oostanaula Kingston Marietta ATLANTA Georgia Railroad . \ AUGUSTA 11711462 South Carolina RR. \ CHARLESTON ...I (489) FROM NASHVILLE TO CHARLESTON, S.C. Newport 18228] Warm Springs, N. C ..27255! ASHVILLE 37292 "IH CoTuMBiA ."'. .^. .1051459 Branchville & Columbia Railroad. Branchville 1681527 South Carolina RR. CHARLESTON ....1621589 (490) FR'M KNOXVILLE TO RALEIGH. To Strawberry Plains . 12 37 Newmarket Panther Springs.. _ Cheek's * Roads. 11 48 GREENVILLE 27; 75 Rheutown 110 85 10,85 18118 Elizabethtown ... Moore's Works Iron TAYLORSVILLE... 9149 Jefferson, N. C. ..26! 175 Wilkesboro' 130:205 Hamptonville Hunts ville , Salem GREENSBORO' ... Haw River 17 206' Cliapei "Hill. '. '.'.'. 0=0011 boro' . . . .... RALEIGH ......... 26231 18249 19268 27295 23318 19337 12349 28377 (491) FR'M KNOXVILLE TO CINCINNATI, O. Via Knoxville. 13 45 5 50 7 Ki To Lebanon Three Forks Alexandria Liberty Smithville SPARTA Bonair Springs... 6 9o Crossville 12107 Belleville 120127 5132 7139 Postoak Springs. . Wi 1 ood'sHill 19158 Rutledge... Beans' Station . . . Tazewell Cumberland Gap Cumberland Ford;l5 _. Barboursville jl6| 97 Lynn Camp 12109 London 13122 Mt. Vernon 19141 Stanford 23 164 8172 8180 12 192 12204 84'288 Lancaster Burnt Tavern... ;Nicholasville... LEXINGTON CINCINNATI (see No. 478) . ) FR'M KNOXVILLE TO MEMPHIS, Via Nashville. Campbell's Stat'n I 6164 To Cnmpbell' KNOXVILLE ...... jlojl/9 II Stati Dandridge ........ ISl'SlO, I Wood' Kingston ........ J ostoak Springs. Belleville Jrossyille EJonair Springs.. SPARTA Smithville Liberty Alexandria Phree Forks V ASHVILLE MEMPHIS (see No. 483)... (493) FR'M KNOXVILLE TO HUNTSVILLE, Ala. To Campbell's I Station |, Kingston . Cnmpbell's I I ation ......... 15 od's Hill ...... i 6 21 191 40 7 47 5 52 ! 20 72 12 84 . 6! 90 .22112 . 10 122 .! 71129 .18147 .32179 Postoak Springs.. Belleville Urossyille Bonair Springs... Rock Island McMinnville [lillsboro' Winchester Salem Newmarket, Ala. HUNTSVILLE 90 103 116 138 Jl56 10166 17183 171200 (494) FR'M KNOXVILLE TO SAVANNAH, Ga. To Campbell's Station Blains' Ferry Philadelphia Athens _. Mantua 10 104 Calhoun.. Cleveland ....... jll Pleasant Valley, Ga Spring Place | 6110 CROSS PLAINS... I 91119 West' nfr Atlantic RR. Connasauga 7 126 Oostanaula 8134 Oothkaloga William's KINGSTON Etowah river Allatoona Acworth Marietta 5139 10il49 10159 13172 7179 6185 14 199 Chattahoochee RJ 12211 ATLANTA | 81219 Macon &r Western RR. MACON 1101320 E. Macon I 1321 Central Railroad. Savannah 11901511 ROUTES IN TENNESSEE. 187 (495) FROM KNOXVILLE TO CHARLESTON, S. C. T \^&:\ U j&S.%ZBb South, Carolina R-R- Charleston 11371527 (496) F'M MEMPHIS TO NASHVILLE. To Raleigh !Q Morning Sun.... la Oakland 12 Whitehall SOMERVILLE Newcastle Middleburg BOLIVAR Jackson S. Carroll HUNTINGTON Camden REYNOLDSBURG. Waverly Charlotte NASHVILLE lose Creek Purdy.... Adamsville bombs' Store... . Savannah 40 45 56 63 . 68 28 96 20116 16132 19 151 10 161 9170 5 1!IL 38230 (497) F'M MEMPHIS TO COLUMBUS, Miss. To Germantown.l Colliersville f HOLLY SPHINGS, Miss Waterfbrd Milton Cypress Creek.... i 16 25108 PONTOTOC Cotton-gin Port.,1 Aberdeen j COLUMBUS I 28 18 (498) F'M MEMPHIS FLORENCE, Ala. To BOLIVAR I (see No. 496).. I __ 90 i 10100! Western fr Atlantic Railroad. 9109 Etowah river.... 4113 Allatoona Acworth Young's* Roads 33|150 Marietta". FLORENCE I loiloo Chattahoochee R 499) F'M MEMPHIS TO: CHARLESTON, S. C. Via Tuscumbia, Ala., Gunter's Land's, At- lanta, Geo., and Au- gusta. To Germantown. Jolliersville N. Ml. Pleasant, Miss Holly Springs.... Salem Ripley latchy Turnpike, __ienzi. Jacinto Cartersville Buzzard's Roost, 12129 15 144 TUSCUMBIA 20 164 Tuscumbia fy Decatur Ala. 14 131377 7384 6390 14404 12416 ATLANTA.. Georgia Railroad. Decatur Stone Mountain. Lithonia., Conyers I Covington Railroad. Leighton. Courtland Hillsboro' Decatur Steamboat. Triana Whitesville *Gunter's Land'g Stage. Van Buren Gaylesville Geo. State Line.. Missionary St'n.. ROME. 10174 8195 12207 18225 23318 Social Circle Rutledge, Madison L Buckhead Greensboro'.... UNION POINT.. Crawfordsville. Cumming Camak Thompson Dearing Berzelia Belain AuGUSTi Hamburg, S. C.. South. Carolina R. R. CHARLESTON I (see No. 383.). 136 732 *From Gunfer's Landing to Rome, Geo. Via Coosa R. Stage. To Double Sp'gs Steamboat. Cedar Bluff... i Missionary St'n, 35 Memphis Branch R. R.\\ Thence by Railroad to Kingston I 18I364H Charleston, as in No.499. DESCRIPTION OF THE WESTERN STATES, THE PRINCIPAL CITIES, TOWNS, WATERING- PLACES, &c. KENTUCKY is situated between 36 30' and 39 : JO' N. lat.,.and between 81 50' and 89 20' W. Ion. 'j Its length is about 400 miles and its breadth 170 miles, /containing 40,500 square miles. The population in j 1840, was 779,828. A tract from five to twenty miles wide, along the ^ Ohio river, through the whole length of the state, is hilly and broken, but has a fertile soil. The margin of ' the Ohio, for about a mile in width, consists of bot- .om lands, which are overflowed when the river is high. Between this tract of hilly country, the more mountainous eastern counties, and Green river, is a fertile tract, frequently denominated the garden of the state. It is about 150 miles long, and from 50 to 100 wide. The soil is excellent, the surface is gently undulating, and the forest growth black-walnut, black-cherry, buckeye, paw-paw, sugar-maple, mulberry, elrn, ash, cot- ton-wood, white thorn, and an abundance of grupe-vines. The country in the southwest part of the state, between Green and Cumberland rivers, is called the "barrens." In 1800, the legislature of the state made a gratuitous grant of this tract to actual settlers, under the impression that it was of little value ; but it proves to be excellent grain land, and also adapted to the raising of cattle and swine. The whole state below the mountains has at the usual depth of eight feet a bed of limestone, which has frequent apertures through which the waters of the rivers sink into the earth, causing some of them to disappear for a time, and others to be greatly diminished in the summer season. The rivers have generally worn deep channels in the calcareous rocks over which they flow. The preci- pices formed by the Kentucky are in many places stupendous, presenting perpendicular banks of solid limestone 300 feet high, above which is a steep and difficult ascent several times as high. In the southwest part of the state, between Green and Cumberland rivers, are several remarkable caves. One called the Mammoth Cave, 130 miles from Lexington, on the road to Nashville, has been explored for a distance of eight or ten miles. Ohio river, by its various windings, borders this state on the north for 637 miles. Cumberland and Tennessee rivers pass through its western STATE OF KENTUCKY. 189 part as they approach their entrance into the Ohio. Cumberland river ri&es in the eastern part of this state. The Big Sandy is 250 miles long, and, for a considerable distance, forms the boundary between this state and Virginia. It is navigable fifty miles for boats. The Kentucky river rises in the Cumberland Mountains, and after a course generally through a deep rocky bed, falls into the Ohio, seventy-seven miles above Louis- ville. It is navigable for steamboats 60 miles to Frankfort. Licking, Green, and Salt, are other considerable rivers. The Mississippi runs on the western border of the state. The first constitution was formed in 1790, and the present one in 1799. The governor is elected for four years by the people, and is ineligible for the next seven. A lieutenant-governor is chosen at the same time, who ia president of the senate, and who, in case of the death or absence of the governor, succeeds to his duties. The senators are elected for four years, one-quarter of them being chosen annually. Their number cannot ex- ceed 38, nor can they be less than 24. The representatives are chosen annually, and apportioned every four years among the counties according to the number of electors. Every free white male citizen, who ia twenty-one years of age, and has resided two years in the state, or in the counsy in which he offers his vote, one year preceding the election, has the right of suffrage. Votes are given openly, or viva vocc, and not by ballot. The judges of the several courts hold their offices during good behavior. The colleges are as follows : Transylvania University, at Lexington ; Centre College, at Danville ; St. Joseph's College, at Bardstown ; Au- gusta College, at Augusta ; Cumberland College, at Lebanon ; Georgetown College, at Georgetown ; Bacon College, at Harrodsburg ; and St. Mary's College, in Marion county. There is a flourishing medical department connected with Transylvania University, and a medical institution at Louisville. There are in the state 120 academies and 1,000 common schools. Kentucky was first explored by Daniel Boone, an enterprising hunter, in 1770. The first white family settled near Lexington, in 1775. The state was admitted into the Union in 1792. FRANKFORT, the capital of the state, is 22 miles WNW. Lexington, 51 E. Louisville, 102 SSW. Cincinnati, and situated on the right bank of Kentucky river, 60 miles above its entrance into Ohio river, on a semi- circular alluvial plain, from 150 to 200 feet lower than the table-land in the rear. The river is here about 80 yards wide, and after heavy rains frequently rises 60 feet. The city contains a state-house, with a hand- some Grecian Ionic portico in front, a court-house, the state penitentiary, a bank, an academy, a market-house, a theatre, five churches, various manufacturing establishments, and 2,000 inhabitants. The streets are regular, and the houses are neat, and many of them elegant. Steamboats of 300 tons come up to this place when the water is high. The banks of the river here are high, and a chain bridge crosses it to the flourishing village of South Frankfort, which may be regarded as on appendage. Cars leave daily for Lexington ; stages daily for Louisville; 3 times a week for Harrodsburg ; and for Madison, la. LEXINGTON is situated on a branch of Elkhorn river, 84 miles from Cin- cinnati. It is the oldest town in the state, and was formerly the capita], and is one of the neatest and best built places in the western states, is regularly laid out, and many of the streets are bordered with fine shade- trees, and its environs are ornamented with gardens and elegant resi- dences. There is a public square near the centre of the place, surrounded 190 STATE OF KENTUCKY. by fine brick buildings. The city contains a court-house, a Masonic-hnll, one of the finest buildings in the !-tale, the Siate Lunatic Asylum, ten churches, two academies, the Halls of Transylvania ; University, and 8,000 in- ! habitants. Transylvania = University was founded in j 1798, and has a classical, \ medical, and law depart- ment. It has a president \ and 18 professors or other - instructors, and 513 stu. dents. The classical department Ims 295 students, the law 78. and the medical 260 ; in all 513. The libraries contain 12,242 volumes. The com- mencement is on the third Wednesday in August. The city is more celebrated for its intelligent and polished society, and as an elegant, place of residence, than for the bustle of business. The country around the city is one of the most fertile districts in the Union. Cars leave daily for Louisville via Frankfort. Stages leave daily for Wheeling, Va., via Maysville, and Zanesville, O. ; 3 times a week for Cincinnati ; for Knox- ville, Tenn., via Cumberland Gap; and for Nashville, Tenn., via Har- rodsburg and Bowling Green. COVINGTON is situated on the left bank of the Ohio, opposite to the city of Cincinnati, with which it is connected by a steamboat ferry. Jt has a city-hall, 7 churches, 4 academies, a bank, 26 tobacco manu- factories, and 4,000 inhabitants. The Western Baptist Theological Insti- tute is located here. Steamboats ply hourly to Cincinnati ; stages leave 3 times a week for Lexington. NEWPORT is at the junction of the Ohio and Licking rivers, and opposite the city of Cincinnati. It contains a court-house, an academy, two churches, a United States Arsenal, and 1,000 inhabitants. The Mag- nesian Springs are on the borders of the village, where there is a fine hotel, and they are much frequented by the citizens of Cincinnati. MAYSVILLK is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, on a narrow bottom, which lies between the shore and hills in its rear, 441 miles below Pittsbur^, and 55 above Cincinnati by the river. It is regularly laid out, and contains 3 churches, one academy, and 2,741 inhabitants. It has a good harbor for boats and enjoys an extensive trade. Steamboats arrive from, and depart drily for Pittsburgh Wheeling, frc. ; and for Cincinnati, Louisville, frc. (See route 620.) Stages leave daily for Lexington via Blue Lick Springs; and for Zanesville, O. ; 3 times a week for Lexing- ton via Flemingsburg and Mount Sterling. AUGUSTA, on the left bank of the Ohio, 17 miles below Maysville, has a court house, two churches, and 800 inhabitants. Augusta College, under the direction of the Methodists, was chartered in 1822; it has a presi- dent, 4 professors or other instructors, 75 students, and 2,500 volumes in its libraries. (See route 620.) The Blue Lick Springs are on the Licking river, 37 miles from Lexing- ton and 24 from Maysville. These waters have obtained a just celebrity, and the locality of the fountains is much frequented, not only for the benefit produced by the use of the waters, but for the enjoyment of the Bcenery of this beautiful region. Stages leave daily for Lexington and for Maysville. ., GEORGETOWN is situated on the left bank of the Elkhorn river, 12 miles STATE OF KENTUCKY. 191 from Lexington. It contains a court-house, a bank, two churches, an academy, and 1,600 inhabitants. Georgetown College, under the direction of the Baptists, was founded in 1829; it has a president, five professors, 132 students, and 3,200 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the last Thursday in June. Great Crossings is 3 miles from Georgetown, where is the Choctaw Academy, under the patronage of the government. It has a principal and several teachers, and 70 Indian students. There is an excellent white sulphur spring near the academy. Stages leave Georgetown three times a week for Cincinnati ; and for Lexington. HARRODSBURO is situated eight miles south of Kentucky river, on a small branch of Salt river, thirty-one miles south of Frankfort. It was one of the earliest settlements in the state. It contains a Presbyterian and a Methodist church, a bank, an academy, and 1,500 inhabitants. Here is located Bacon College, founded in 1836, which has a president and seven professors or other instructors, 203 students, and 1,200 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the last Friday in September. The Harrodsburg Springs are much frequented ; the waters possess highly medicinal properties, and the Hccornmodations for visitors are ample. The grounds in the vicinity, and especially the drives through the primitive forest, are exceedingly picturesque. Stages leave daily in the watering season for Cincinnati via Lexington. DANVILLE, situated on a small branch of Kentucky river, 41 miles from Frankfort, contains a court-house, four churches, the Kentucky Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, the buildings of Centre College, two academies, and 1,500 inhabitants. Centre College, founded in 1822, has a president, 4 professors, 185 students, and 4,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the Thursday after the third Wednesday in September. Stages leave 3 times a week fur Lexington. BARDSTOWN is situated on a branch of Salt river, 40 miles southwest from Frankfort. It has a court-house, 2 churches, 1 academy, and 1,500 inhabitants. St. Joseph's College, in the vicinity, was founded in 1819. It has a president, ten professors, 69 students, and 7,000 volumes in ita libraries. Stages leave 3 times a week for Lexington ; for Frankfort ; and for LOUISVILLE is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, at the head of the rapids, 633 miles below Pittsburg and 1 ,41 1 above New Orleans. It is built on a gentle acclivity, 75 feet above low-water mark, and regu- larly laid out, the streets crossing each other at right angles. It con- tains a city-hall, court-house, a marine hospital, a medical institute, city prison, an hospital, 2 orphan asylums, a Magdalen asylum, 26 churches, three banks, two savings banks, four insurance companies, four markets, a school for the blind, 18 public schools, 50 select schools, and 30,000 in- habitants. Water-works are in course of construction to supply whole- some water, and the city is lighted with gas. This city is the seat of most of the commercial and manufacturing business of the state and con- 192 STATE OF KENTUCKY. tiguous territory. There are 300 steamboats constantly engaged in trans- porting to and from the city, besides numerous flat and keel boats. The Louisville Medical Institute, founded in 1837, has six professors and 242 students. The lectures commence on the first Monday in November. The Kentucky Historical Society has a large collection of manuscripts and books. The Mercantile Library has a library of 3,500 volumes, and an Agricultural and Horticultural Society is established. The rapids at this place are caused by a bed of limestone extending across the bed of the river, over which the waters pass in tortuous channels for a distance ot two miles, descending 24 feet ; to obviate this bar to navigation, a canal has been constructed sufficiently capacious to admit the passage of the largest boats. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Pittsburg via, Cincinnati, Maysville, Guyandotte, Va., and Wheeling ; for St. Louis, Mo. ; and for New Orleans via Smithland, Memphis, Tenn., Vicksburg, &c. (See route 620.) Stages leo.vc daily for Maysville via Frankfort and Lexington ; for Cincinnati, O. ; for St. Louis via New Albany, la., Vincennes, &c. ; and for Nashville, Tenn., shore of the lake, and contains a court-house, two churches, an academy and about 700 inhabitants. (See route 548.) SAULT DK ST. MARIE is situated on a pleasant elevation on the right bank of St. Mary's strait, at the foot of the rapids, and contains a court- house, 3 churches, Fort Brady, the trading house of the American Fur Company, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Vessels come up to the foot of the rapids. 200 STATE OF ILLINOIS. ILLINOIS lies between 3?^ and 4-2 30' N. lat., \ and between 87 17' and 91 5(X W. Ion. It is 350 miles long and 180 broud, containing 50,000 square ' miles. Population in 1840, 476,183. The surface of the state is generally level. It has no mountains, though the northern and southern parts are hilly and broken. The portion of the state south of a line from the mouth of the Wabash to the mouth of the Kaskaskia, is generally covered with timber, but north of this the prairie country predominates. The eye sometimes wanders over immense plains covered with grass, with no other boundary of its vision but the distant horizon, though the view is often broken by occasional woodlands. The dry prairies are generally from 30 to 100 feet higher than the bottom-lands on the rivers, and very fertile. A range of bluffs commences on the margin of the Mississippi, a short distance above the mouth of the Ohio, and extends north beyond the Des Moines rapids, sometimes rising abruptly from the water's edge, but generally a few miles distant from it, leaving between the bluffs and the river a strip of alluvial formation of inexhaustible fertility. The banks of the Illinois and Kaskaskia, in some places, present sublime and picturesque scenery. The Illinois is the largest river in the stale. Fox and Des Flames rivers, its two largest branches from the north, rise in Wisconsin, and, with Kankakee river from Indiana, form the Illinois, which, after a course of 400 miles, enters the Mississippi, twenty miles above the Missouri. It is navigable a distance of about 250 miles. Rock river rises in Wisconsin, and after a course of 300 miles, mostly in Illinois, empties into the Mis- sissippi. The Kaskaskia rises near the middle of the state, and after a southwesterly course of 250 miles, enters the Mississippi 63 miles below the Missouri. It is navigable for boats 150 miles. The Wabash forms a part of the east boundary. The Little Wabash, after a course of 130 miles, enters the Wabash a little above its junction with the Ohio. Peoria lake, through which the Illinois river flows, about 150 milea from its mouth, is a beautiful sheet of water twenty miles long and two broad. The governor is elected by the people for four years, but is eligible only four years in eight. A lieutenant-governor is elected at the same time, who is president of the senate, and in case of the death, resignation, or absence of the governor, discharges his duties. The senators are elected for four, and the representatives for two years. The repre- sentatives can never be less than 27, nor more than 36, until the in- habitants exceed 100,000. The number of senators can never be Jess than one-third, nor more than one-half the number of representatives. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the joint-ballot of both STATE OF ILLINOIS. 201 houses of the legislature, and hold their offices during good behavior. The right of suffrage is universal. All white male inhabitants, 21 years of age, who have resided within the state six months preceding an election, have the right to vote. Ths literary institutions are : Illinois College, at Jacksonville, founded in 18-29 ; Shurtleff College, (Baptist,) in Upper Alton, in 1835 ; McKen- dree College, (Methodist,) in Lebanon, in 1834; McDonough College, at Macomb, in 1837. There are in the state 50 academies and 1,300 common schools. Illinois was admitted into the Union as an independent state in 1818. SPRINGFIELD, the capital of the state, is situated 95 miles from St. Louis, and near the centre of the state. It lies four miles south of Sangamon river, on the border of a rich and beautiful prairie. It was laid out in 1822, and in 1823 contained but 30 families, living in log cabins. It now contains a state-house an elegant edifice a court-house, a market-house, a bank, a United States Land-office, eight churches, three high schools, several extensive manufactories, and 4,005 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for Meredosia thence, in stages to Quincy. Stages leave daily for St. Louis, and for Chicago via Peoria and Ottawa ; three times a week for La Fayette, la. ; for Terre Haute ; for Shawneetown via Vandalin. and Salem ; for Burlington, Io., via Rushville ; for Lewis- town ; and for Bloomington. JACKSONVILLE is situated on elevated ground, in the midst of a delight, fill prairie, which is fertile and well cultivated, 33 miles from Springfield. It contains a spacious court-house, a market-house, a lyceum, a Me- chanics' Association, two academies, seven churches, several manufac- tories, and 2,500 inhabitants. It is the seat of Illinois College, founded in 1829, which has a president, and, in its academica^ and medical de- partments, 8 pro- fessors and 96 stu- dents. There are 2,500 volumes in its libraries, and it has a very com- plete philosophical and chemical apparatus. The commencement is on the last Thursday in June. Cars leave daily for Springfield and for Meredosia. ALTON is situated on the left bank of Mississippi river, two miles above the mouth of Missouri river, 21 miles below the mouth of Illinois river, and twenty miles from St. Louis. It is regularly and handsomely laid out, and contains a bank, a lyceum, a Mechanics' Association, six churches, a number of schools, and about 2,000 inhabitants. As a com- mercial city its advantages are very great. It has the best landing for steamboats on the east bank of the Mississippi. A flat rock, level with the surface of the ground, forms an excellent natural wharf. Timber, freestone, limestone, and bituminous coal exist in great abundance near the town. Steamboats ply to St. Louis and to all the principal ports on the Mississippi, Ohio, Illinois, and Missouri rivers. (See routes JVos. 594. 620, 621, and 622.) Stages leave for Vincennes via Carlylc ; and for Jacksonville. KASKASKIA is situated on the right bank of Kaskaskia river, 142 miles 9* 202 STATE OF ILLINOIS. from Springfield, and seven from ita junction with the Mississippi. It hat a court-house, a United States Land- office, a church, a nunnery and female boarding-school, and 1,000 inhabitants. It was settled by the French about Itj83, and its inhabitants are now mostly of French descent. (See route 621.) Stages leave fur St. Louis, Mo., and. fur Vincennes, la., via Salem. SHAWNEKTOWN is situated on the right bank of Ohio river, ten miles below the mouth of the Wabnsh river, and 195 from Springfield. The bank of the river haa a gradual ascent, hut not sufficient to prevent inun- dation in extreme high floods. The town haa a bank, a United States Land- office, two churches, and 1,000 inhabitants. It wa? laid out in 1814. and is one of the most commercial places in southern Illinois. Stages leave 3 times a week for fincennes, la. ; for Springfield via Salem ; for St. Louis, Mo. ; and for Cape Oirardeau. VANDALIA, formerly the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of Kaskaskia river. It is regularly laid out, with streets crossing each other at right angles. It contains a court-house, a United States Land-office, two churches, several manufacturing establishments, and 800 inhabitants. The national road extends to this place. Stages lenne d lily for St. Louis, Mo., and for Terre Haute, la. ; 3 times a week fur Sprinpfield ; and also for Shawneetown. PKORIA is beautifully situated on the right bank of Illinois river, at the outlet of Peoria lake, and 70 miles from Springfield. The first bank of the river gradually rises from six to twelve feet above high-water mark, and extends back a quarter of a mile from the river to the second bank, where it rises five or six feet, forming a terrace extending back to the bluffs, which are from 60 to 100 feet high, by a steep ascent, and present from their summit an extensive and beautiful prospect. The town con- tains a court-house, an academy, six churches, several factories, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Chicago via Ottawa ; and also for St. Louis via Springfield ; three times a week for Burlington, la. ; for Galena via Dixon ; for Madison, tVis. ; and for Indianapolis* Steamboats on the Illinois river. (See route 594.) CHICAGO is situated on the SW. shore of Lake Michigan, at the head of lake navigation. The city is built on a level prairie, handsomely ele- vated above the water, and lies on both sides of Chicago river, between the junction of the north and south branches, and three-fourths of a mile from its entrance into the lake. By the construction of piers, an artificial harbor has been made at the mouth of the river. The city con- tains the county buildings, a United States Land-office, eight churches, an academy, and 11,000 inhabitants. Back of the town, for three or four miles, is a fine, elevated, and fertile prairie, and to the north, along the lake shore, are extensive bodies of fine timber. Numerous steamboats and vessels ply between this place and Buffalo, and the intermediate STATE OF MISSOURI* plncrw on tho npprr l;iK, ;. If i* rnltniralilj -i(n:il<.l f.'i (1:1,1, . in,,! ido lIlpl.lllV of lls !. I,. \\lll is llllp.'UJl'l, ll ,1 V, llnffalo, JV. K., mill the tnfrnni'ilnifr ]>l,iit* S,-< ,,it, 'H;I v . /.I'm.- ria Joint. (>1!,i < Viitlrr l.n- />,!,;>,!, .//,//.; i titncj A Wrtk for ' J\li/triinltt'r. \r. (iM i N v ji pN.-L.n.llv Mil, :,(.,! on |'Y'V.< o, |{, :.n n\,i . I.', 1 ' Mill, '. t 101 II o' llic \vnl, l lor Hi, luifi'sl (.-:, inl.iiiils. Tin liivvil .' HIM. .. , l,m. 1,. .. till IH-Mll.MMV, 1111,1 illiolll U.IKKI lllll.'lI'llMllls. || \\:\. In ,1 :., iil..l 111 !:'(,. In l.-ll. JJ.IMIO.IKMI poun.l . ol l,-:,,l vvrir pio.lli.-'-.l in ,1 . \ i. iini\ . nml ili<- J I ;;; I /)M( ^"^ i't,i,i; /,,- /.-,./. /.y/nrf City (.'/nun; nndfor DubttqUfi, l<>. K.M h IKI.ANII CITY. Hilunti'il n ihr I, fi Imn jusi id,., x, !(,, iintniiici !' U.Tk nv. i. rimlnim n mill :I!M. in I. ("HI n.lii.l.ilMiil.,. Sl,ii:r.i /,,< :\ f Jr IHxun.; for /.//u!'i,>jn<. MISSOUKI ,N silll.ilril 1.,-Uvrril W H,,I -.-' .K, ,\ . lat., and between wr .....I !>,- :io \\ i t i* 987 mi!.-. I. Mif. "ml '-J.'UI In. .ml. i-.iiil:iiiiiii;- r,|.(IHU ,,,u:u.< iinl.-H. In IHIO II,, pop, .ho. MI \V.,M !( Thin tntQ preientM n KM nt vnrinly of Niirfarn nml il. ;\llii\i:il .11 holtiMIl Illllfl i IMIII..I ..n tin- niMrt'lll k nfUir riv.-r.; ri-i-.-iliiiit Imui HH-III Ihr IMIH! r .<. MI hi, Ml. phcfN Kflllly. MM, I II, ulll.li v.-IV lll.Mlpllv. Illlo flrxnii.l Imm-iiH <.r rorky riiltfc!H. In ihr inii-rior, hot- tomH nmi hnrrcnn, nn knl lull, nn.l pomi!*, heavy forwti and Ntrnnnm of \\:ii.-r, tuny ..n, n i., H n nt on, M, u . prnmniini a clivomifiwl iind bau> (l(l Mijunri! mil. . In Si rnn.-iv riMinly IM tin- rt'lrlirnlfd "lion Moiintiiin." ,-l.-xMl.,l :ill(l I,, -i nliox. Ilin mirrniiniliiiK pluin. mid IN n miln nml n luillM. I,,-H it .xuiimnl. mill IIIIN H(J p. t ,-, nl of il m:r |Mirn Iron, PlV mil. .li i.-ini i tin IM. .i KIM.I.. :nif. .t i, !!,. mi, i XMIII n bane a mile and a n , m-nmii MM.-,-, oi ii.<- -mi. - t "<" <>f > idi ore. Between th OuBft 204 STATE OF MISSOURI. and Missouri rivers, is a tract of country very fertile and agreeably diver- sified with woodland and prairie, and abounding with coal, salt, &c. The country north of the Missouri is emphatically "the garden of the West." There is no part of the world where a greater extent of country can be traversed more easily, when in its natural state. The surface is for the most part delightfully undulating, and variegated, sometimes rising into picturesque hills, then stretching away into a sea of prairie, oc- casionally interspersed with shady groves and shining streams. The Mississippi winds along the entire eastern boundary of the state, for a distance of 400 miles, and receives in its course the waters of the Great Missouri, which, indeed, deserves to be regarded as the main stream. Through the central and richest part of the state, the Missouri rolls its im- mense volume of water, being navigable four or five months of the year for steamboats, 1,800 miles from its entrance into the Mississippi. The La Mine, Osage, and Gasconade on the south, and the Grand and Chariton on the north side, are navigable tributaries of the Missouri. Maramec river runs through the mineral district s is a navigable stream, and enters the Mississippi eighteen miles below St. Louis. Salt river, which is also navigable, enters the Mississippi 85 miles above the Mis- souri. The White and St. Francis drain the southeast, and the tributaries of Neosho, the southwest part of the state. The constitution of the state was formed in 1820. The governor is elected by the people for four years, but is ineligible for the next suc- ceeding four years. A lieutenant-governor is chosen at the same time, and for the same term, who is president of the senate. Every county is entitled to send one representative, but the whole number can never exceed 100. The senators are elected every four years, one-half retiring every second year ; and their number can never be less than 14, nor more than 33, chosen by districts, and apportioned according to the number of free white inhabitants. The elections for senators and representatives are held biennially in August. The legislature meets once'in two years in the month of November, at Jefferson City. Every white male citizen over 21 years of age, who has resided one year in the state, and three months in the county in which he offers his vote, has the right of suffrage. The judges of the Supreme Court and the chancellor are appointed by the gov- enor, with the consent of the senate, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until 65 years of age. The literary institutions are as follows : The University of St. Louis, at St. Louis ; St. Mary's College, at Cape Girardeau ; Kemper College, near St. Louis ; Masonic College, near Palmyra ; Missouri University, at Co* lumbia ; St. Charles College, at St. Charles ; and Fayette College, at Fayette. There are in the state 50 academies and 650 schools. Missouri was originally a part of Louisiana, which was purchased from France in 1803. It was admitted into the Union as an independent state in 1821. JEFFERSON CITY, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of Missouri river, on elevated and uneven ground, 128 miles from St. Louis. It contains a state-house, a governor's house, which is large arid elegant, a state penitentiary, an academy, 250 dwellings, and about 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for St. Louis : three times a week for Caledonia ; for Springfield via Warsaw ; for Independence via Booneville, I,exington, $-c. (For steamboat routes, see 620.) STATE OF MISSOURI. 205 ST. Louis is situated on the right tank of the Mississippi, 18 miles below the junction of the Missouri. It is in 38" 37' 28" N. lat., and 90 15' 39" W. Ion. Population in 1845, 35,000. Its situation is pleasant and healthy ; standing on a limestone bluff. The ground rises gradually from the first to the second bank of the river ; and on the second bank, which is about forty feet higher than the first, the city is chiefly built. Viewed from the opposite shore, or as it is approached from the river, it presents a beautiful nppearance. The compact part of the city extends about one and a half miles along the river, with suburbs to the north and east, making its whole extent five miles. It is elegantly built, the more recent houses being constructed of brick, others of stone, and some have spacious and beautiful gardens attached to them. Among the public buildings, the City-hall and the Catholic Cathe- dral are the most noticeable. The Cathedral is one hundred and thirty-six feet long and eighty-four wide, with walls forty feet high. The front is 58 feet high, and rising above this is a tower with a spire terminating in a gilt cross. The steeple contains a peal of six bells, the largest of 2,600 pounds weight. There are also in the city a United States Land- office, an elegant theatre, a concert-hall, a bank, six insurance com- panies, and a United States Arsenal. There are several literary and benevolent institutions in the city The St. Louis University, under the direction of the Roman Catholics, has 15 instructors, 130 students, and ^ 7,900 volumes in its libraries, i It has a spacious building in ilic city. The commence- ] ment is on the 15th of July. * Keniper College, which is "i under the direction of the Episcopalians, is five miles distant from the city, on a beautiful eminence ; the buildings are of brick. The principal edifice is a building 70 feet long and four stories high, with wings of equal length, three stories high. It has nine professors or other instructors, and about 4,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the last Thursday of July. It has a medical department, and a building within the city where lectures are delivered during the winter. There are two medical schools, the one attached to the St. Louis University, the other to the State University; the former has 56, the latter 80 pupils. Lectures in both these schools commence on the first Monday of November and terminate on the last of February. They have spacious buildings for lecture-rooms, laboratories, &c. The Western Academy of Sciences has an extensive museum of 206 STATE OF MISSOURI. natural history and mineralogy. There is also a museum of Indian curiosities, antiquities, fossil remains, &c. The Convent of the Sucred Heart is an institution of nuns, for conducting female education. The Protestant ladies conduct an orphan asylum, and there are three orphan asylums conducted by Roman Catholics. A female asylum is attached to the Convent of the Sucred Heart. The Jefferson Barracks are eleven miles below the city. In the north part of the city there are two tumuli, or mounds, on the lower of which the city has constructed a reservoir, into which water is raised by steam-power from the river, and conveyed through iron pipes, affording a supply to the citizens. The city was first settled in 1664, by a company of merchant traders. It is most favorably situated for commerce, and is destined to be one of the principal cities of the west. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Louisville, Cincinnati, Wheeling \ Pittsburg, &cc., on the Ohio river ; New Orleans and the intermediate places on the Lower Mississippi ; Fort Snellivg and the intermediate places on the Upper Mississippi; and also the principal places on the Missouri river. (See routes 620622.) Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Cincinnati via Terre Haute, Indianapolis, &rc. ; for Louisville via Vincennes, New Albany, $-c. ; for Chicago via Springfield, Peoria, Ottowa, &c. ; for Fort Leaven- worth via St.. Charles, Columbia, Glasgow, and Liberty ; 3 times a week for Shawneetown, III.; for Little Rock, Ark., via Caledonia, &c. ; for New Madrid via Cape Oirardeau ; for Independence via Jefferson City, Booneville, Lexington, &rc.; for Burlington, Io., via St. Charles, Bowling Green, Palmyra, &rc. ; for Van Buren, Ark., via Caledonia, Steeleville, Springfield, and Fayetteville, Ark. ST. CHARLES lies twenty miles northwest from St. Louis. It is built on an elevated and handsome situation on the left bank of Missouri river. The shore is here rocky, the alluvial land commencing at the lower end of the town. The town extends one and a hulf miles along the river, and contains a court-house, a brick market-house, two churches, a nunnery, and about 1,500 inhabitants. St. Charles College, under the direction of the Methodists, is located here. It was founded in 1839, and has a presi- dent, three professors, and about 104 students. The Missouri river is here crossed by a ferry. Stages leave daily for St. Louis and for Jefferson City ; three times a week for Burlington, Io. t via New London, Palmyra, $-c. PALMYRA lies eight miles from Missouri river, and 129 miles from St. Louis. It contains a court-house, three handsome brick churches, a United States Land-office, and above 800 inhabitants. Masonic College, twelve miles from Palmyra, was founded in 1831. It has a president, four professors, and 45 students. The commencement is on the last Thursday in September. Stages leave three times a week for St. Louis, and for Burlington, Io. FULTON is situated on Riviere au Vases, 12 miles north of Missouri river, and twenty-two miles northeast from Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, two churches, two academies, and 500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for St. Louis ; for Fort Leavenworth ; and for Jefferson City. COLUMBIA, situated on a tributary of Missouri river, contains a court- house and about 1,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of Missouri University, founded in 1840, which has a president, 3 professors, and 45 students. Stages leave daily for St. Louis. BOONEVILLE is situated on the right bank of Missouri river, 173 miles from St. Louis. Its foundation is limestone rock. It has a hand* STATE OF MISSOURI. 207 Bomo court-house, three churches, two academies, and 1,200 inhabitants. Considerable trade is carried on here in cattle and provisions. (See steam- boat route 622.) Stages leave 3 times a week for Jefferson City ; for In* dependence ; and for Columbia. GLASGOW, situated on the left bank of the Missouri river, 172 mile* from St. Louis, has two churches, several extensive warehouses, and 800 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for St. Louis ; and for Fort Leaven- worth ; 3 times a week for Hannibal. (See route 622.) INDEPENDENCE, six miles south of Missouri river and 292 from St. Louis, is a flourishing place, and the starting point for the Santa Fe traders, who obtain here many of their supplies. It has a court- house and about 500 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week for St. Louis via Booneville, Jefferson City, &t-c. (See routes 618 and 622.) LIBERTY is situated three miles from the left bank of the Missouri river, and 276 from St. Louis. It contains a court-house, five churches, two academies, and 1 ,500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for St. Louis via Glasgow, Columbia, Fulton, &rc. ; and for Fort Leavenworth ; three times a week for St. Joseph. (See steamboat route 622.) ST. JOSEPH, situated on the left bank of the Missouri river, 478 miles from St. Louis, has several extensive warehouses and about 1,000 inhabi- tants. (See steamboat route 622.) Stages leave three times a week for Liberty. SPRINGFIELD is situated on the head branches of James' fork of Whito river, 258 miles from St. Louis. It contains a court-house, a United States Land-office, 2 churches, and 500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Jefferson City ; for St. Louis via Caledonia ; and for Van Uurcn, Ark. CAPE GIRARDEAU is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river. 132 miles by the river below St. Louis. It contains about 500 inhabitants. It is the seat of St. Mary's College, founded in 1830, which has a president, five professors or other instructors, and 2,500 volumes in its library. The commencement is on the last Thursday in August. Stages leave 3 times a week for Jefferson City via Fredericktown, Caledonia, and Sleeleville ; and for New Madrid. (See route 621.) NEW MADRID is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river, 247 miles below St. Louis. The river here makes a bend, and its bank in somewhat elevated, but is being undermined by the current. It contains a court-house, a church, and 500 inhabitants. (See steamboat route 620.) Stages leave three times a week for Cape Girardeau. HANNIBAL, 116 miles north from St. Louis, is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river. It contains a church, several extensive ware, houses and manufacturing establishments, and 800 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week for St. Louis ; for Burlington, lo. ; and for Glasgow. (See route 621.) POTOSI, 67 miles from St. Louis, is situated in the centre of one of the richest mineral regions in the United States, abounding with lead, iron, and copper ores. It has a court-house, an academy, 4 churches, and 700 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for St. Louis ; for Jefferson City; and for Cape Girardeau. LEXINGTON is situated on the right bank of the Missouri river, 124 miles from Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, a United States Land- office, 3 churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week for St. Louis via Jefferson City; and als9 for /nek. pendence. 208 WISCONSIN* WISCONSIN lies between 42 30' and 49 30' N. ' lat., and between 86 50' and 96 W. Ion., being 600 liles long and 150 broad. It contains about 90,01)0 , square miles. Its population in 1840 was 30,945 ; in 1845, [ 150,000. The surveyed part, south of Green bay, Fox, and j Wisconsin rivers, is composed of timbered and prairie- ! lands, with some swamps and wet prairies, having a vegetable soil from one to ten feet deep. North of the Wisconsin river commences a hilly region, swelling as it proceeds north into a mountainous country, with a rugged and broken surface, creating many rapids and falls in the streams, and affording many wild and picturesque views. Near the sources of the Mississippi is an elevated table-land abounding with lakes and swamps ; in the former of which fish are abundant, while wild rice grows in the latter. Bordering on the Mis- sissippi and Wisconsin rivers, the soil is rich and the land generally heavily timbered. The principal rivers are the Mississippi, washing its western border ; the Wisconsin, 500 miles long, a large tributary of the Mississippi ; the Chippeway, which enters the Mississippi further north- west, and is a large river ; Rock river, which rises and runs partly in this state ; Neenah or Fox river, which runs so near the Wisconsin, that at times of high water the country between them is often overflowed and can be passed in boats. The Neenah passes through Lake Winnebago, and enters Green bay ; though obstructed by rapids, it is navigable for boats 180 miles. Wisconsin was organized as a territorial government in 1836. The governor is appointed by the president of the United States, with the ad. vice and consent of the senate, and is ex-officio superintendent of Indian affairs. The Legislative Assembly consists of a council of 13 members, elected for four years, and a house of representatives of 26 members, elected for two years. No college has been established in this territory. It has several acad- emies and 100 common schools. MADISON, the capital, is 159 miles from Chicago, and beautifully situa. ted on a peninsula between two lakes, on a gentle swell of ground from which there is a regular descent each way to the water. It is regularly laid out, with a large central square, in the centre of which is the State House, a spacious stone edifice with a handsome dome The town has several places of worship and 500 inhabitants. Stages leave three timts a week for Milwaukee ; for Rockford t III. ; for Galena ; and for Fbrt Winnebago. MILWAUKEE is situated on both sides of Milwaukee river, near its on. trance into Lake Michigan, 97 miles from Chicago. It contains a STATE OF IOWA. 209 court house, a United States Land-office, eight churches, and 7,500 in- habitants. It is a flourishing place, has an extensive water-power, and is rapidly growing into commercial importance. Steamboats ply con- stantly beticten it and Chicago, Buffalo, and the intermediate places. (See route 548.) Stages leave 3 times a week for Chicago, III., and for Madison. PRAIRIK DU CHIEN is situated on the east hank of Mississippi river, four miles above the mouth of Wisconsin river and 248 miles below the falls of St. Anthony. The prairie is ten miles long and three wide. The village contains a court-house, three churches, an academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Numerous mounds of all sizes and shapes are to be found in the vicinity. Fort Crawford, a United States military post, is situated a little south of the village. (For steamboat route see 621.) Stages leave 3 times a week for Galena. IOWA is situated between 41T 30' and 4.r JO' i\. lat., and between 90 20* and 96" 50' W. Ion. It is about 256 miles long, and its mean breadth 198 miles con- I mining 50,600 square miles. Population in 1844, 78,819. The face of the country is moderately uneven, with- Jout any mountains or high hills. There is a tract of elevated table-land, which extends through a con- siderable part of the territory, dividing the waters which fall into the Mississippi, from those which fall into the Missouri. The margins of the rivers and creeks, extending back from one to ten miles, are generally covered with timber, while beyond this the country ia an open prairie without trees : by the frequent alternations of these two descriptions of land, the country is greatly diversified. The prairies cover nearly three-fourths of the surface of the territory, and, although they are destitute of trees, present a great variety of aspect. Some have a level and others a rolling surface ; some^ire covered with a rich coat of grass, well suited for grazing ; in others this is interspersed with hazel thickets, and sassafras shrubs, and in season superbly decorated with flowers. The soil, both on the bottom and prairie land, is generally good, consisting of a deep black mould, intermingled, in the prairies, with sandy loam, and sometimes with red clay and gravel. The Mississippi borders this territory for its whole length on the east, and is navigable in time of high water for steamboats to the mouth of the St. Peter's. The Des Moines river runs in the southern part of the territory, and, forming a part of the southwest boundary, enters the Mississippi. In high water it is navigable for steamboats 100 miles, and for keel.boutx 210 STATE OF IOWA. at all times. Checauque or Skunk river, after a course of 150 miles, enters the Mississippi. Iowa river is 300 miles long, and is navigable for steam- boats 12 miles from its entrance into the Mississippi, and for keel-boats to Iowa city. Red Cedar river, the main branch of Iowa, is navigable for keel-boats, in high water, 100 miles above its junction. The Wapsipinecon has a winding and rapid course 200 miles, to its entrance into the Mis- sissippi. The Makoqueta bounds the mineral region on the south, and enters the Mississippi, furnishing in its course the best water-power in the territory. Turkey river, after a course of 150 miles, enters the Mis- eissippi. It is not navigable. Sioux river enters the Missouri, and forma part of the west boundary. The governor is elected for four years. He must be a citizen of the United States and have resided for two years next preceding his election within the state, and have attained the age of 30 years. The legislative authority is vested in a senate and house of representatives which meet biennially on the first Monday in January. Representatives are chosen for 2 years ; they must be free white citizens of theUnited States, and have attained the age of 21 years, have resided within the state one year next preceding the election, and thirty days within the county or district for which they may be elected. Senators are chosen for four years, at the same time of electing representatives. They must be 25 years of age, and possess the qualifications of representatives. The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, district courts, and such other inferior courts as the legislature may establish. Judges of the Supreme Court are elected by the legislature, and hold their office for six years. Every white male citizen of the United States, 21 years of age, who shall have resided within the state six months next preceding the election, and 20 days in the county in which he claims to vote, enjoys the right of suffrage. The University of Iowa, at Mount Pleasant, in Henry county, has been chartered. Seven academies have been incorporated, and there are about 100 common schools. IOWA CITY, the capital of the state, is situated thirty-one miles from Bloomington, on the left bank of Iowa river, which is navigable to this place. The situation is dry and pleasant. It contains a state-house, court-house, several churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. The Capitol is of the Grecian Doric order of architecture, and has a dome supported by 22 Corinthian columns. Stages leave 3 times a week for Burlington ; and for Rock Island, III. BURLINGTON is handsomely situated on the right bank of the Mis- sissippi river, 222 miles above St. Louis. It is surrounded by hills, to which the ground rises by a gentle acclivity. It is regularly laid out, and has a court-house, several commodious churches, a United States Land- office, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for St. Louis ; and for Dubuque via Bloomington. Steamboats ply to all the principal places on the Mississippi river. (See route 621.) DOBUQUE is situated on the right bank of Mississippi river, 426 miles above St. Louis, and 306 below the Falls of St. Anthony. It is built on a table area, or terrace, which extends along the river for several miles. It contains a United States Land-office, five churches, a bank, an academy, a lyceum, and 1,500 inhabitants. Lead ore is found in abundance here, and for miles around on every side. Steam- boats ply to all the principal places on the Mississippi. (See route 621.) Stages leave 3 times a week for Galena ; and for Burlington via Daven- port and Bloomington. RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, THROUGH THE WESTERN STATES. TO KNOXVILLE To Nicholasville Burnt '" t Tavern Lancaster Stanford Mt. Vernon 12 Crittenden 04 Florence. . own istown ... en 4' 3:. II 12 47 56 Mt. Zion SHAWNEETOWN, 1C, I 74 83 84 (506) FR'M LEXIN TO SMITHLAN] on fATI an. v union 6ooo tf ~ m , v , T To Nicholasville . London 19 1 82 ^(J6) rR M .LEXINGTON ohawnee Run Lynn Camp '.'.'.'.'.'. 13i 95 ! To M ADISON, la. j Harrodsburg sr . K. -~u__ m -T >. , , jo Perryville Barboursville 12107 To Versailles , , ^ T -.- Cumberland Ford 16 123 Frankfort 12 24 Lebanon. Cumberland Gap 15 138 Laputa 10 34 ewm . nr . ket ..-, Tazewell 12 150 Newcastle 15 49 Campbellsyi Beai ......... ........ ns' Station ...12162 Campbellsburg... ... ... ___ ... Rutledge ......... \ 9171 Bedford .......... 10 65 1 , onr ( , e -r- ..... Blam'sX Roads.. 14185 Milton ............ 11 76 Blue Spring Grove KNOXVILLE ...... i!9204 [MADISON ......... I 11 77 S^ ASG < )W . ........ .Three Forks .'.'.'.'.'. (501) FR'M LEXINGTON (504) FR'M LEXINGTON' ^grippmg Spring.. TO WHEELING, Va. To Moreland , 7 15 Millersburg Forest Retreat.... Lower Blue Lick. May's Lick Washington MAYSVILLE Aberdeen West Union..... Dunbarton Locust Grove . . . Sinking Spring.. Cynthiana Bainbridee Bourneville Chillicothe Kingston Tarlton. 8 23 'To Versailles 6 29 Frankfort 8 37 Bridgeport 12 49 'Hardinsville 8 57| Clay Village 4 61 Shelby ville 1 62 Simpson ville 17 79 I Long Run TO LOUISVILLE, 1 Via Frankfort. 10 89 iMiddletown ...... 6 95! LOUISVILLE ...... 6101! ! Bowling Green... 8. Union iRussellville 41250 71257 12 12 24 7 31 41 12 Elkton 15 24 Hopkins ville 20 ~ Cerulean Spring.. If 17112 "124 134 14156 14184 33 Princeton.. 11)2 41 Fredonia 14 259 47 Salem 10269 55 ; SMITHLAND 15284 66 (507) FR'M LEXINGTON 78 I TO COLUMBUS, Ky. (505) FR'M LEXINGTON TO SHAWNEETOWN. To Louisville 10111 5116 11127 , 13140 (see No. 504) ... 10150 Salina 9159 ! West Point 16175 IGarnettsville 9184 Brandenburg 8192 Hardinsburg 10202 |Cloverport | To Hopkinsville 10212 Lancaster Rushville Somerset Fultonham ZANESVILLE WHEELING (see No. 323)... (502) FR'M LEXINGTON TO CINCINNATI, O. _ o 1M 1I10 To D jlphton I I 8 iMorganfield Hawsville Yelvington Owensboro' Richland . Henderson .'.'_. ^ Smith's Mills 12234 Glasgow (Bellevue . Cadiz 78 Canton 89 Aurora Wadesboro' 8107 Mayfield 11118 Milburn 24142 COLUMBUS 11 153 219 10229 12241 20290 21311 "1319 9162 !(508) FR'M LEXINGTON 21183 I TO NASHVILLE, Tenn. 10 193 To Harrodsburg I 12205! (see No. 06)... 31 Three Springs.... 75106 17123 25148 12246,iScottsville.. 212 ROUTES IN KENTUCKY. Gallatin .......... 331181'j Woodsonville .... 10 .......... .... NASHVILLE ...... 201207 j! Three Forks ...... 11 96 j! Dripping Spring.. 8104 (509) FR'M LEXINGTON BOWLING GREEN 14 118 TO KNOXVILLE. (Franklin ......... 22140 85 Lancaster 8 32 Stanford ' 8 40 Mt. Vernon 23, 63 London 19< 82 Lynn Camp 13^95 Mansker's Creek . Pleasant Hill NASHVILLE NATCHEZ 7183 (see No. 485)... 469 652; arboursville . 12107 (513) FR'M LOUISVILLE' n Ford 1 123 TO MAYSVILLE. . Cumberland Ford 16 123 j Cumberland Crap lo loo i *-,,, . Tazeweil ......... 121-50 j T Middletown . : \ 14 1&5 ? a TO NATCHEZ , M iss. 1 i Ver^ailfes R r . ! '. '. '. '. 12 66 Via Lexington, Nash- LEXINGTON 12 78 vilLe, &cc. I MAYSVILLE | ' 4 (see No. 501) ... 61 139 *! To Washington . . May's Lick ...... Lower Blue Lick. Forest Retreat ____ Millersburg ....... Paris Moreiand LEXINGTON Nicholasville Shiwnee Run Ul.rr, rl-hnrtr ,! J2 '(513) FR'M LOUISVILLE '*: ^ j TO COLUMBUS, Ky. 6| 38 |To Bowling Green (515) FR'M LOUISVILLE TO ST. JOSEPH'S, Mich. To Paoli (see No. 514).. Orleans. Spring MilU '.'.'..'. Sinking Spring.. Bedford Marysville , BLOOMINGTON ... 14 -_ Martinsville 21110 INDIANAPOLIS ilo 125 ST. JOSEPH (see No. 522 Jc ! 523) 174299 (516) FR'M LOUISVILLE TO MEMPHIS, Tenn. To NASHVILLE (see No. 511) . . . MEMPHIS (see No. 484)... 230 413 (517) FR'M SMITHLAND TO MAYS 183 LEBANON , Newmarket 1 6126 Campbellsviile... 12;i3S Greensburg 12150 (see No. 511) . S. Union Russellville ... 12 73 ;Elkton 12i 85 HOPKINSVILLE. "i 7i M-2 i COLUMBUS :'.J10;102 (see No. 506)... 11 .YSVILLE, Ky. To Salem | 15 i Fredonia 10 25 Princeton. 14 39 Cerulean Spring . 10 49 118 HOPKINSVILLE... 16 65 14132 Elkton 20 85 14 146 ! Russellville 15 100 15161 IS. Union 14114 Monroe 11161 Three Springs.... 6 167 i To New Albany.. Blue Spring Grove 4 171 Greenville GLASGOW 13184 Palmyra Lewis 12196 Fredericksburg. Srottsville 13209 Hardinsburg ... State Line 9218 jPaoli Gallatin 24242 Columbiaville.. . 10252 Mt. Pleasant ... )|l81 ! BOWLING GRKEN14128 Dripping Spring.. 14142 Three Forks... ... 8150 .jGlasgow 10160 (514) FR'M LOUISVILLE Blue Spring Grove 13 173 TO ST. Louis, i Three Springs.... 4177 Via New Albany, la. & Monroe, Greensowrg IJL '' Henderson ville . Pleasant Hill.... NASHVILLE NATCHEZ I Greensburg 4 ! ! Campbellsviile ... i Newmarket Lebani ' ( a ee No. 485)... 469^737 (511) FR'M LOUISVILLE TO NATCHEZ, Via Nashville. ToSalina West Point Elt7.abethtown...l22 43 Nolen Leesville Mumtbrdsville ... 875 7,268 Berry ville [7,96 VINCENNES Perry ville 34 HARRODSBURG . 4^5 Shawnee Run... (M ! Nicholasville 74 i LEXINGTON OQ I MAYSVILLE 1 (see No. 501) . . . :18|242 . 10 252 . 7259 . 121271 .112283 .I61344 Olney Maysville 25 140 X" 165 To Salem . Cato 18 183 i Fredonia SALEM 18 201 Princeton Carlyle '26 227 Cerulean Spring Shoal Creek 92&5 i HOPKINSVILLE.. Aviston i 6242 Oak Grove Lebanon Ill 253 Clarksville Rock Spring ' 4 257 Fredonia 82r,|Mt. Henry'.'.'. I 15 .0 25 A> OQ 79 12 91 11102 5107 ST Lons ....... 142/9 NASHVILLE ! 30137 ROUTES IN INDIANA. 213 f5I9) FROM COLUMBUS TO NASHVILLE. ToClinton I | 12 Feliciana 11 23 Boydsville. 16 Barren Hill 113 PARts.. 17 Sandy Hill 112 Reynoldsburg |19 Waverly ! 9 - Btitson's 12111 Charlotte 10 121 Chesn ut Grove... 18139 NASHVILLE 20159 FROM HICKMAN TO NASHVILLE. To Totten Wells . Gardnersville Dresden Irvin's Store . 24 12 36 Mt. Holyoke PARIS NASHVILLE (see No. 519)... 100 160 (520) F'M INDIANAPOLIS TO COLUMBUS, O. To Cumberland.. Philadelphia Greenfield Charlottesville Knightstown ....'. Ogden Lewisville Dublin Cambridge , _ CENTREVILLE ... 10 Richmond.. New Westville,O. 6 79 EATON 10 89 W. Alexander... 6 95 Liberty 13jl08 DAYTON 7i115 Fairrield Enon SPRINGFIELD ... .... Brighton Centre.. La Fuyette W. Jefferson Alton COLUMBUS 7133 7140 10150 10160 8168 5173 9182 (521) F'M INDIANAPOLIS TO GREENVILLE, O. ToNoblesville... Strawtown Andersontown ... Mill Creek Yorktown Muncie Smithfield... Windsor Macksville Winchester Randolph GREENVILLE 7 14102 522) F'M INDIANAPOLIS TO MICHIGAN CITY. To Augusta Eagle Village.... Northfield 'sX Roads... Michigantown ... Middle Fork Burlington arroll 6 48 5 53 6 59 LOGANSPORT .... 13 72 Metea 12 84 Rochester Ill _~ , icy 110 105 Plymouth 8113 Laporte 30J143 MICHIGAN CITY.. I 6149 (523) F'M INDIANAPOLIS TO ST. JOSEPH'S, Mich. To Plymouth I | 'see No. 522)... 113 ./hitehall 14127 I 10 SOUTH BEND .... 10137 Niles, Mich |12149 Berrian Springs . . [10 159 _ Royalton 12171 33 ST. JOSEPH'S ....! 3174 (524) F'M INDIANAPOLIS TO LA FAYETTE. To Clermont Brownsburg Jamestown New Ross Crawfordsville . . . Wea LA FAYETTE 15 60 13 73 (525) F'M INDIANAPOLIS TO PEORIA, 111. To Crawfordsv (see No. 524) Waynetown .. Hillsboro' Cole's Creek Covington.. Danville Union Urban a Mahomet Santa Anna.. . Leroy Bloomington .. Wilkesboro' Mackinaw Trernont PEORIA iJle . . 20 106 ..14120 ...13133 ...14H47 ...10157 ...1151172 ...10182 ... 101192 ...I 7ll99 ...13212 (526) F'M INDIANAPOLIS TO SPRINGFIELD, 111. Via Terre Haute. To Bridgeport Plainrield Belleville Stilesville Mt. Meridian Putnamville Manhattan Harmony Van Buren TERRE HAUTE .. Elbndge Paris Embarrass Point. . Oakland Hermitage Livingston Decatur Mt. Auburn Rochester ejif 5 20. 43 4 46 8 54 7i 61 12: 73 111 84 10 103 7110 18128 16!144 20164 18182 SPRINGFIELD 110204 (527) F'M INDIANAPOLIS TO ST. Louis, Mo. TOTERRE HAUTE (see No. 526) ... Livingston, 111.... Marshall 13 86 4 1 90 Martinsville 12102 Casey 6108 Greenup 10118 Wood bury Ewington Freemanton Howard's Point.. Cumberland .. VANDALIA Mulberry Grove .. Greenville Hickory Grove... Collinsville < ST. Louis.. 125 18143 5148 9157 7:164 6170 9179 8187 9196 25221 116237 (528) F'M INDIANAPOLIS TO LOUISVILLE, Ky. Via New Albany. To Martinsville ..1 Bloomington 21 Marysville 14 Bedford Sinking Spring.. Spring Mill Orleans PAOLI Hardinsburg .... Fredericksburg. . Palmyra Greenville New Albany .... LOUISVILLE.... 101 8109 12 121 4125 214 ROUTES IN INDIANA. (529) F'M INDIANAF TO FREDONIA. To Paoli (see No. 528) . . . Valerie ] OLIS 79 89 5 94 3107 OLIS 10 20 30 LI 41 pulis !}U 7 55 533) F'M INDIANA? TO VEVAY. 'o Napoleon (see No. 531) . . . Versailles 1 3LIS 73 81 93; 4 97 8 105 3108 * TO volis 12 8 20i 8 28 7 35 W 4 42 1 53 63 73 LO 83 ILLE r, ^erre te,Sr \ 10 20 30 4 34 8 42 12 54 15 69 8 77 12 89 9 98 8106 7113 7120 9129 6135 10145 ^ 518 8180 6186 21*8 5193 8201 11212 7219 422: 7230 6236 3239 5244 7251 (536) F'M EVANSV TO CHICAGO, I To Covington (see No. 535)... DANVILLE, III '] North Fork r , 172 2184 12222 12234 28262 6268 102- 8 20298 53W 8311 4315 61321 4J325 131338 H OF IVER 1 29 19 48 32 80 10 90 2 92 15107 18125 111136 24 160 16176 11187 24 211 5216 11227 10237 10 247 16284 13297 13310 IIGAN ATI, is. 30 36 8: 44 10 54 11 65 12 77 13 90 6 96 5ilOl 6:107 10117 12129 5134 6140 9149 105254 Proctorsville FRKDONIA .3 (530) F'M INDIANA! TO MADISON. To Greenwood... Franklin Jross Plains 1 Miltord \ It. Sterling VEVAY 534) F'M MADISOI INDIANAPOLIS. Madison fr Indian a Railroad. \> Dupont Vernon Iroquois Julbonus Grove.. Rockville .: Wilmington Lockport. . . . Edinburg Ues Plains ... Madison fr Indiana Railroad. ^lag Creek , Clifty 1 Eliznbethtown ... gcinio Scipio Slizabethtown ... Clifty. . . 4 537) FROM Moui THE WABASH R TO LA FAYETTE Steamboat. To Grand Chain. Slew Harmony ... Coffee Isl. Rapids Mt Carmel. . . Vernon....; 8 1 62 8 ! 71 12 83 POLIS 1, 14 Z 12 34 6 40 11 51 10 61 12 73 6 79 Edinbuf^* 1 (531) F'M INDIANA TO ClNCINNAT Via Napoleon To Bethel Franklin 1 Jreenwood ND1ANAPOLIS ] (535) F'M EVANSV TO LOGANSPOR Via Vincennes, '. Haute, La Fayei Delphi. To Sandersville .. Princeton Patoka Grand Rauids... St. Francisville. .. VINCENNES Russellville Pleasant View Brandy wine Shelby ville St Omar Merom . . York Greensburg NAPOLEON TERRE HAUTE... Harrison Laugherty 4 83 7 90 Dicksburg VINCENNES Montezuma Westporl Perry ville Covington WILLIAM SPORT.. La Grunge Lawrenceburg ... Elizabethtown.O. Cleves 10100 610b 4110 4114 4118 4122 POLIS I, e. lo 11 2b 14 4 7 4 4 5 6 5 5i b* 7 tt 7 7 5 8 6 8 W. Union Carlisle Merorn Dry Ridge Furmim's Creek.. Prairie Creek ! I'rairieton TERRE HAUTE... Otter Creek Clinton CINCINNATI (532) F'M INDIANA TO ClNCINNAT Via Brookvili To Sugar Creek.. Morristown LA FAYETTE (538) FROM MICI CITY TO CINCINJ Via Indianapot To Laporte Highland Newport Perry ville CoVINOTON Portland Sidney Rochester Metea gushville ew Salem, Wllliamsport Attica Slmwnee Prairie.. West Point LOGANSPORT Carroll Burlington Andersonville laurel Metamora .... Middle Fork Michigantown ... Kirk'sX Roads.. Northlield Eagle Village.... Augusta BROOKVILLE Cedar Grove New Trenton Harrison O LA FAYETTE Battle Ground Americus DELPHI . . Clark's Store Miami 4 9 4 9o Tiptonport Ijockport. INDIANAPOLIS CINCINNATI (see No. 532)... Cbeviot 610 410 Amsterdam LOGANSI'ORT .... CINCINNATI ROUTES IN MICHIGAN. 215 (539) F'M DETROIT PORT HUKON. ToRoseville ! Mt. Clemenos 1 New Haven Columbus il TO| L 18 1 25 2 ! 37 L 48 L! 59 1 TO RR. 14 5 19 6 25 7 32 5 37 7 44 5 49 4 53 8 61 4 65 7 72 3 85 12 97 r TO 13 3 16 4 20 5 25 4 29 6 35 iJ 3 51 8 59 12 71 15 86 25111 7118 10128 7ia5 10145 10155 7162 2518? 12199 T TO rfctf, id. \ 10 5 15 8 23 7 30 101 4f 6 4f Dexter 6 52] 7 59i Calumet, 111 I241267 CHICAGO 11212/9 -v T nkp 8 67 4 71 8 79 6 851 7 92 5 971 3100 8108 5113 7120 5 12.-, 8133 4137; 5142 4146 18164 8172 8180 10 190 10200, IT TO 30 5 35 5 40 5 45 7 52 5 57 9 66 7 73 6 79 9 88 4 92 5 97 7104 6110 3113 4117 4121 5126 5131 4135 5140 8148 6154 6160 7167 51172 3175 i 7il82 )IT TO 182 .141% . 5201 13214 . 12 22t . 17 243 (545) F'M DETROIT TOLEDO. To Truago P TO 13 8 21 4 25 3 38 5 43 5i 48 5 53 9 62 3 65 r TO f a 5 57 LO! 67 r TO 75 10 85 20105 27132 30162 #192 14206 30236 30266 16282 15 327 T TO 72 75 147 7f. 2'Jii 80302 6r 367 034D ?,(! 620 2 , 645 136/8 57715 )E TO ad. 112 6 18 4 22 12 34 7 41 10 51 6 57 5 62 6 68 I eoni T rK;oN Barry St. Clair 1 PORT HURON.... 1 (540) F'M DETROII SAGINAW. Detroit $ Pontiac To Royal Oak.... Birmingham Albion Waterburg Brownstown Bre^t 1 Vlurengo MARSHALL MONROE LaSalle Battle Creek Charleston Manhattan, O....; Galesburg Comstock KALAMAZOO Stage. Pawpnw Kendall Keelersville .. . (546) F'M DETROU ADRIAN. To Clinton (see No. 543) ... Staff e. Watertbrd Springfield Grovel and Grand Blanc Bainbridpe ST. JOSEPH'S .... (543) F'M DETRO NlLES. To Ypsilanti (see No. 542)... Pittsrield Saline Benton Clinton ADRIAN 1 547) F'M DETROI BUFFALO. Steamboat. To Sandusky, O.. Genesee Thettbrd . Bridgeport SAGINAW 1 (541) F'M DKTROI GRAND HAVEN Via Ionia. ToRedford I Black River JLEVELAND Grand River Ashtabula Livonia Farmington Novi Hicksville Kensington Cambridge Woodstock Somerset Moscow Jonneuut ERIE, Pa Portland, N.Y. .. Dunkirk BUFFALO Brighton Genoa HOVVELL Cedar Phelnstown Sylvanus Quincy (COLD WATER ... Brunch (548) F'M DETROI CHICAGO. To Ft. Gratiot. . . Point au Barques Thunder Bay Is . Presque Iste DeWitt Lyons 1 Batavia Bronson's Prairie. Prairie River .... ! Freedom IONIA Boston Flat River Ada Sherman W. Sherman White Pigeon... MOTTSVILLE Manitou Islands. ] Milwaukie, Wis. 1 Racine GRAND RAPIDS . . South port Port Sheldon GRAND HAVKN... (542) F'M DETRO ST. JOSEPH'S Via Jackson,Mar & Kaiamazoo Central Railro To Dearbornville. S. Nankin S. Plymouth Ypsilanti Adamsville. . . CHICAGO, 111. ... (549) FR'M MONRC NlLES. Southern Railrc To Ida Edwardsburg. ... Dover NlLES (544) F'M DETRC CHICAGO. To Niles- (see No. 543) . . Terre Coupee, la Hudson Laporte MICHIGAN CITY. ! City W T est Somerfield . .. Deerfield ......... ADRIAN ..;...;... Dover Hudson Pittsford Florida HlLLSDALE ANN ARBOR Scio.... 1216 Stage. Sylyanus duincy Cold Water ROUTES IN ILLINOIS. 8 76 71 :: 6i 89 (550) F'M TOLEDO, O., TO NlLES. Erie 12 &- 11! 70 18 88 18106 25131 22 153 9162 21 35 8 43 9, 52 3 55 ) FROM ALTON TO JACKSONVILLE. To Brighton I I 12 Delaware 12 24 Payette Greenfield Athensville Williamsburg JACKSONVILLE... 10 63 (563) F'M SPRINGFIELD TO CHICAGO, Via Peoria. ToMiddletown.. I 20 Delevan 25 45 4; 57 70 85 14;102 Dillon Tremont Pekin PEORIA Rome Chillicothe Lacon ,--,. Hennepin 17119 LASALLE 15134 Ottawa !lol49 Lisbon 21 170 Ausable 9 179 JOLIET..., 113192 5 197 8 205 4 I'd:- 4219 I^ockport Keopateau . . . Des Plaines... Flagg Creek.. Summit CHICAGO 13 2& (564) F'M SPRINGFIELD TO GALENA, Via. Peoria. To Peoria (see No. 563) N. Hampton . . Providence... . Scottsville Dixon's Ferry TO _. 90 124 114 35U49 112161 Buftalo Grove.... 12173 Cherry Grove ....H7J190 Apple River 25215 GALENA 15123') ROUTES IN ILLINOIS. 217 (565) F'M SPRING* TO LEWISTOW To Salisbury Petersburg Sand Ridge Havanna. IELD N. '1C 11 21 6 27 18 45 5 50 5 55 IELD 14 9 32 2 45 8 53 5 58 4 72 2 84 2 % 5111 [ELD lo. and 33 7 40 8 48 9 57 2 69 1 80 H J4H 2108 5113 7120 7127 8135 ELD lo. 69 2 81 8 89, '-> 94 2 % HOI 1115 1133 3141 2143 ELD i!5 39 59 67 J\ 74 L 951 i|(570) F'M SPRING TO SHAWNEETO To Zanesville... Hillsboro' FIELE WN. 26 64 15 78 12 91 :.V) lit 14130 8jl38 141 152 Ib|l65 16 181 23204 ^ELD I, is. 10 16 26 34 60 12 72 9 81 7 88 (574) FROM PEOR CHICAGO, (See No. 563) (575) FROM PEOR GALENA. ToN. Hampton..] Providence... A TO 1162 [A TO 20 24 44 ti 79 12 91 12 103 17120 35145 15 160 A TO 14 7 21 6 27 8 35 45 5 50 60 6 66 8 84 94 SL TO 5,1 4 17 8 25 5 50 70 5165 ) TO is. 12 1 16 5 21 7 28 i 32 7 39 3 47 7 54 7 61 I 72 i 87 ) 97 )TO 85 98 102 106 118 139 159 Hurricane VANDALIA Waterford. Salem LEWISTOWN (566) F'w SPRINOF TO Q.UINCY. Railroad. To Berlin Jordan's Prairie.. Mt. Vernon Moore's Prairie... McLeansboro' ... Duncanton . . . jScottsville i Dixons ville ! Buffalo Grove.... Cherry Grove Apple River GALENA I SHAWNEETOWN . (571) F'M SPRING] TO ClNCINNAT Via Tndianapol To Rochester Taylorsville Shelby ville Jacksonville Bethel MEREDOSIA Stage. Versailles. (576) FROM PEORI BURLINGTON. To Robin's Nest.. Charleston 'French Creek .... Trenton Mt. Sterling Clayton 1 Columbus Q.UINCY (567) F'M SPRINOF TO BURLINGTON, Via Jacksonville Beardstown. Railroad. To Jacksonville .. Stage. Arcadia . Paradise Bethsaida KNOXC. II , ] iGalesburg Charleston Hitesville 8 96 12108 6114 10124 9133 11144 12156 7163 8171 4175 li IW1 S IS!) 8197 5202 6208 9 ( 217 )5'322 IELD la. 15 5 40 a K5 2 87 4101 0121 5,136 0176 SON- IS. 10 20 * 2* ;> 8 46 5 51 7 58 3 71 4 95 Cold Brook ] MONMOUTH Oquawka '. i BURLINGTON, lo.l] '(577) FROM PEORL ST. Louis. ToPekin i Grand view Paris Elbridsre.. . I TERRE HAUTE ..' VanBuren Harmony.... i Manhattan Bath Beardstown Rushville 1 Doddsville 1 :putnamsvitle ... Mt. Meridian Stilesville Dillon Delevan Middletown i Macomb ] Belleville Muddy Lane ] Bedford Plainfield... ST. Louis (see No. 569) ...9 (578) F'M CmcAGf MILWAUKEE, W To Dutchman's Point Wheeling Honey Creek Shokokan INDIANAPOLIS CINCINNATI (see No. 532)... 1( (572) F'M SPRINGF TO LAFAYETTE, To Mechanicsb'rg Decatur $ Monticello 5 BURLINGTON (568) F'M SPRINGFI TO F'T MADISON, Via. Nauvoo. To Rushville (see No. 567)... Camden.. 1 Halfday.... Liberty ville Urbana i Union 1 Little Fort Otsego Huntsville.. . Pulaski... Danville 2 Covington, la. ... ! LA FAYETTE (see No. 535) ...A (573) FROM JACK VILLE TO ST. LOT. To Wil'iamsburg. Manchester 1 Whitehall Salona, Wis South port Racine 1 Augusta Plymouth. Carthage . 1 Onk Creek ... >], Nauvoo 1 MILWAUKEE il( (579) FR'M CHICAG< MADISON, Wis. To Rockford (see No. 580)... Roscoe K Pecatonica - Beloit Appanoos FORT MADISON.. (569) F'M SPRINGFI TO ST. Louis. To Auburn Carlinville 2 Lincoln 2< Carrollton 1 Kane Jersey ville. . Paddock's Grove. Edwardsville ST. Louis 2 Delhi Alton.. . 1 Janesville 1! ST. Louis 10 MADISON 2t 218 ROUTES IN ILLINOIS. (580) F'M CHICAGO T PRAIRIE DU CHIEN, Via Galena. ToCazenovia....] 1 floomingdale..Jl2 5 ft" 121 o ome 3|14 7 OLDWATER.....I 2 Q,uincy ( J169 J175 7183 )187 i!91 ?200 J206 PEORIA 1516 Pekin 817 Tremont 517 i Dillon . 4 1/ )| Sylvanus j Scipio 9 Moscow ? Delevan 818 b Middletown 2521 7 Somerset 2 Woodstock Hampshire 8 < 1 Springfield [202; " ST. Louis g (see No. 569)... 195 32 If (583) F'M CHICAGO T l SHAWNEETOVVN. K To Summit 1 2 Cambridge "213 J222 1 5227 7234 3239 5244 5249 i. )J279 A TO 15 8 33 3 46 6 52 9 61 2 73 7 80 7 87 7 94 5 99 4103 6109 8117 61123 2133 2147 L1I158 A TO 9 l ?l 12! 40 81 48 9! 57 10 67 251 92 fATO EN. 18 8 26 18 44 12 56 15 71 Coral 6 7 Clinton 6 rj . Amesville 5 Belvidere o Saline Pittsfield Cleveland ROCKFORD 3 YPSIL.ANTI Vanceburg 1 Silver Creek 1 Freeport 61 fa Des Plaines 6 5 VS Keeoateau 4 5 2- jockport 8 { 7 Central Railroai S. Plymouth ^ S. Nankin Apple River 18,1 GALENA '15)1 fo OLIET 5 ' s Wilmington 20 Rockville 10 4 Bulbonus Grove..) 6 J DETROIT 1 '% (585) FR'M GALEN , CHICAGO, 16 Via Rockford. $ To Elizabeth, (or 34 Apple River)... >4 Burr-oak Grove . . -1 7; Freeport 1 Jamestown .. . 18 : 1 Paris 81 Cassville 182 Patch Grove 122 PRAIRIEDUCHIEN 15 2 (581) F'M CHICAGO r ROCK ISLAND, Via. Dixon. To Brush Hill.... Downer's Grove.. 4 Napierville 6 02 M X7 11 SI North Fork 122 1 )ANVILLE 161 Georgetown 10 1 ro Bloomfield 115 1 Paris l 1 ^2 Silver Creek 1 yanceburg lo ROCKFORD 1 Marshall 162 J8 fork '$ 2 J Hutsonsville.. ..52 Palestine | 82 32 Belvidere 40 Amesville Sugar Grove 6 Acasta 7 J iussellville 11? 2 S VlNCENNES 1102 2? Vlarengo Coral.... Little Rock 3 ^ Mt. Carmel 102 Hampshire "' Udina Pawpaw Grove . . 17 Inlet 16 JS Grays ville 183 f&\ Philipstown 93 &: Carmi , ..83 J2 Elgin.. ^* Bloomingdale.... DIXON 14 Sterling 5 vj Concord *>e 11 New Haven 65 Ug SHAWNEETOWN .17|c 5? (584) F'M CHICAGO - i*J DETROIT. To Calumet ] TO City West, In 24 MICHIGAN CITY.. 17 Laporte 12 ^ CHICAGO ti (586) FR'M GALEN MADISON. To Hazel Green.. 19 H'lk Grove Rock River Rap- ids 7 Craudall's Ferry.. 11 ROCK ISLAND 33 (582) F'M CHICAGO ST. Louis, Via Peoria fy Sprir field. To Summit 1 o^ BHrnont KQ Mineral Point.... S? Dodgeville ro Ridgeway Terre Coupee 5 13 Niles 14 oy Beaumont g-? MADISON Flag Creek 4 Des Plaines ... 6 ' Edwardsburg 10 2< Adamsville 5 27 Union 7 OJ (587) FR'M GALE* |^ PRAIRIE DU CHI 25 To Jamestown . . . 131 Paris Lockport 8 JOLIET 5 i MOTTSVILLE 6 40 White Pigeon.... 6 Au Sable 13 Lisbon 9 53 W. Sherman 8 62 Sherman 5 144 Patch Grove 148 PRAIRIEDUCHIEN Ottawa 21 La Salle 15 1 Prairie River 5 113 Bronson's Prairie. 5 130 Batavia 4 }?I (588) FR'M GALENA TO [jjj DUBUQUE. Ibb By Stage & Ferryl I 16 Ilennepin 15 Chillicothe 14 144lBranch 4 ROUTES IN WISCONSIN AND IOWA. 219 (589) FR'M GALEN ROCK ISLAND To Hanover Savannah A TO 1 15 14 29 16 45 10: 55 (593) F'M MILWAU TO CHICAGO. To Oak Creek....] KEE 10 a 25 1 36 7 43 (598) F'M MADISON GALENA. To Beaumont TO 25 35 44 52 64 71 83 Fulton ^ ji * V -, Dodgevilie Albany Salona Mineral Point.... 8 Port Byron Hampton 6 10 M 16 li 12 9 8 95 LA 11 12 E HI 94 ND 42 76 103 115 124 139 234 ND 33 44 K 3tsego, 111 Little Fort 7 50 3 53 7 60 4 64 7 71 5 76 4 80 2 92 I OF TO 45 8 63 7 70 5 85 0115 0145 9154 3167 2179 3197 Belmont !12 Klk Grove I 7 Hazel Green 12 GALENA 9 ROCK ISLAND (590) F'M ROCK Is TO ST. Louis To Monmouth ... jibertyville Halfdu y (599) F'M DUBUQUE TO DAVENPORT. To Andrew I 128 vv heeling 3utchman's Point CHICAGO, 111 1 (594) FROM MOUTI ILLINOIS RIVER LASALLE. Steamboat. To Montezuma... Naples 1 Doddsville Rushville Beardstown Bath De Witt 28 DAVENPORT 118 (600) F'M DAVENPO TO IOWA CITY. To Rockingham.. Montpelier 12 RT if 22 29 40 RT 29 40 43 52 59 83 31 40 43 85 'ON 11 22 84 45 51 61 76 82 91 109 122 Arcadia Jacksonville ST. Loui (see No. 573) ... (591) F'M ROCK Is TO CHICAGO. To Crandall's Fer- VlEREDOSIA Beardstown j] Havanna 3 Wyoming . 5 Bloomington 7 Overman's Ferry. 11 W. Liberty . . 8 IOWA CITY 12 Pekin 3 PEORIA Rome ... ] Lyndon Rock River Rap- Hennepin 1 LA SALLE 1 (601) F'M DAVENPO TO BURLINGTON. To Bloomington.. Sterling (595) F'M MILWAUKEE Dixon ... Inlet.. 14 II 17 h 3 7 6 S 1 4 18 1,1 6 ! 11 U 13 ( l: rj lL 115 121 124 131 137 14', 152 156 174 LND S3 94 110 {.;: 127 131 143 155 167 TO ROCK is LAN To Greenfield....! New Berlin Vernon ft. 4 10 6 16 51 21 2 33 8 41 2 53 2 65 2 77 4 81 4 85 3 98 6114 1125 9134 6140 8208 ;KEE 15 5 30 >0 50 9 59 fl, W) Pawpaw Grove .. Somonauk Wappello 9 Florence 7 Little Rock Yellow Springs... 9 BURLINGTON 15 (602) F'M BURLINGI TO IOWA CITY. To Yellow Springs' Florence 9 Wnppello 7 Sugar Grove Mukwanago Troy 1 Napierville Sugar Creek Downer's Grove.. Brush Hill CHICAGO Janesville 1 Beloit ] Pecatomca (592) F'M ROCK Is TO MlLWAUKK To Dixon (see No. 591)... Grand Detour .... Oregon City Byron Roscoe Rockibrd 1 Byron ] Oregon City 1 Grand Detour Grand view 9 Muscatine 3 Bloomington 11 W. Liberty 19 IOWA CITY i!2 ROCK ISLAND ( (596) F'M MILWAI TO MADISON. To Prairie Village Summit ; (603) F'M BURLING-] TO ST. Louis. To Augusta FORT MADISON . . 11 Montrose 12 St. Francisville, Mo 11 Rorkfnrd p ' j. Janesville Johnstown Sugar Creek Cottage Grove ... Waterloo. . . ' 6 Winchester 10 Mukwanago Vernon 12187 5192 6198 4 ! 202 6208 (597) F'M MADISON TO FORT WINNEBAGO, By Stage.... ,...1 40 Montice.lo 15 Davis's Prairie ... t La Grange 9 PALMYRA 18 New Berlin Greenfield MILWAUKEE Hannibal ...13 220 ROUTES IN MISSOURI. NEW LONDON... 110 132 Frankfort ! 8 140 BOWLING GREEN 14 154 Auburn 20174 Troy 12186 Flint Hill 110196 St. Peter's ;14210 ST. CHARLES Owen's (Station... Walton ham ST. Louis (604) F'M BURLINGTON TO PEORIA. ToOquawka Monmouth Cold Brook Galesbu alesburg noxC. H French Creek Charleston Robin's Nest (605) F'M BURLINGTON TO Q-UINCY. To Augusta Fort Madison Appanoos, 111. ... Nauvoo l)es Moines Warsaw, Green Plains Lima Ursa Q.UINCY .. . 10 (606) FROM ST. Louis TO CHICAGO, Via Springfield, III., and Peoria. To Edwardsville . Paddock's Grove. Lincoln Carlinville Auburn pringrield (607) FROM ST. Louis TO GALENA, Via Spring f d, Peoria, $ Dixonsville. To Springfield I (see No. 606) ... GALENA (see No. 564)... 23C (608) FROM ST. Louis TO BURLINGTON, 10. Via Jacksonville, III. To Alton I 24 Delhi |13 37 Jersey ville Kane Currollton Whitehall Manchester Williamsburg Jacksonville BURLINGTON (see No. 567)...] 9) FROM ST. Louis TO IOWA CITY. To Walton ham . . Owen's Station .. ST. CHARLES St. Peter's ! 81 '6 Flint Hill 14 42 Troy 10! 52 Auburn 12| 64 Bowling Green... 201 84 Frankfort 14! 98 New London ! 8 106 Hannibal 10.116 PALMYRA 13129 La Grange 18147 Davis's Prairie . . . i 9 156 Monticello I 6162 Winchester 15177 Waterloo 10:187 St. Francisville...! 6193 Montrose ll;204 FORT MADISON . . 12;216 Augusta 11227 BURLINGTON 11 238 IOWA CITY | (see No. 602)... ,85 323 (610) FROM ST. Louis TO FT. LEAVENW'TH, Via St.Cliarles, Fulton, " Chariton. To VValtonham . . Owen's Station... St. Charles Stockland Pond Fort". '. '. '. '. ". '. ". ' 3 Hickory Grove ...)13 Warrenton 10 uu High Hill 9 67 rJl..;ii !i7 g4 Williamsburg Jones's Tanya rd.. (612) FROM ST. Louis TO INDEPENDENCE. To Manchester . . . Richmond Elkhorn Fredericksburg... 5263 Liberty 13276 Parry ! 10 286 lutt City 13299 FORT LEAVEN- I WORTH I 8307 (611) FROM ST. Louis TO JEFFERSON CITY. To Fulton (see No. 610) . . . New Bloomfield... Hibernia JEFFERSON CITY. 22131 10 141 1142 Fox Creek J oint Labadie Gasconade Lucy's Creek Lisle, . JEFFERSON CITY. _ ........ Clark's Fork ..... BOONVILLE ...... La Mine ARROW ROCK .. 34 43 55 92 14I106 12118 10128 15143 5148 15163 10173 10183 12 195 15210 16226 48 10 94 7101 81109 FULTON >->:*" Millersburg 12121 Columbia 12133 Decatnr 18151 Fayette ! 9160 Glasgow 12172 Chariton | 2174 Keytesville 15|189 Brunswick 11200 Pleasant Park.... 9209 Manlins 6215 Carroll ton I 7222 Round Grove 1 13 235 Grand Pass Mt. Hope 8&J4 Dover ! 7241 LEXINGTON 11 252 Wellington 12264 Fort Osage 16280 INDEPENDENCE .. 12292 (613) FROM ST. Louis TO FT. SMITH, Ark. Via Caledonia and Springfield. To Carondolet Jefferson Barracks Knott', Sulphur Springs Clifton Hillsboro' Glenfinlas , Old Mines... 9 60 Potosi 7 67 CALEDONIA 12 79 Harmony 15 94 Osnge 15109 Steel ville 12121 MaramecC. H. ..12133 Little Pruirie... Little Piney I 6 511 111 22 4 26 5' 41 10 51 10143 20163 e ney ...... Pine Bluff ........ i S171 Waynesville ...... 112183 .Belleibnte ........ 11'194 ROUTES IN MISSOURI. 221 Oakland Cave Spring Woodbury Pleasant Prairie . . -Walnut Forest... SPRINGFIELD Cane Creek ...... Cussville Bentonville. Ark. Fnyetteville Sweet Home Cane Hill Evansville Van Buren FORT SMITH 13207 8215 10225 !J:i.J7 13250 8258 221361 10371 ti 377 10387 30417 5422 (614) F'M ST. Louis TO LITTLE ROCK, Ark. Via, Caledonia, Freder- icl&town, and Hicks' Ferry, Ark. To Caledonia I I (see. No. 613) .. Farmington Mine La Motte.. Fredericktown 79 22 ! 101 4I105 Greenville 351144 Cane Creek 23167 Hick's Ferry, Ark 27194 Fourche Du Mas. 14208 Jackson 16224 Smithville 15239 Reed's Creek 15'254 Batesville 20274 Searcy C. H 40i314 LITTLE ROCK ... 501364 (615) F'M ST. Louis TO NEW MADRID. To Fredericktown (see No. 614) ... Jack: 1109 38147 10183 Cape Girardeau.. Spring Hill Benton Pleasant Plains... Ogden ! 8191 NEW MADRID. ... 23 214 (616) F'M ST. Louis TO LOUISVILLE, Ky. Via Vincennes. To Belleville, 111.. Rock Spring Lebanon Aviston Shoal Creek Carlisle SALEM Cato Maysville Olney Lawrenceville VINCENNES, la... ir, i, 9170 Berryyille Washington Mt. Pleasant Columbiaville Paoli Hardinsburg Fredencksburg. . . Palmyra Greenville New Albany LOUISVILLE (617) F'M ST. Louis TO INDIANAPOLIS, Via Vandalia, lit., # Terre Haute, la. ToCollinsville... ... Hickory Grove... Greenville Mulberry Grove.. VANDALIA Cumberland Howard's Point .. Freemanton Ewington Woodbury ! 16 9 50 Pawnee Fork .... Coon Creek Caches Ford of Arkansas. Sand Creek Cimarron River .. 36664 20!684 50:734 8742 36 778 26804 18822 5827 Middle Spring Willow Bar Upper Spring.... Cold Spring McNee's Creek. . . . Rabbk.ear Creek. 20 872 Round Mound ... 8880 Rock Creek 8888 Point of Rocks ... 19 907 Lio Colorado "'cate Santa Clara Spring _ ,__io Mori. 8 58 1 1 Rio Gall in as 9 67! Ojo de Bernal 21954 22976 6 73 7 80 9 89| o M 18112 Greenup ..I 7119 Casey 10129 Martinsville Marshall TERRE HAUTE .. Van Buren Harmony Manhattan Putnamsville Mt. Meridian 6135 12147 4151 131164 12176 ?;i83 8191 4 ]'.; 6201 8217 Stilesville Belleville, Plainfield Bridgeport INDIANAPOLIS . . . . ' 9i237 Spring. San Miguel Pecos Village ... SANTA FE 171013 .1019 231042 251067 (619) F'M ST. Louis TO ASTORIA, OREGON. Steamboat. To Knnsas L'd'g,! f (m. of KansnsR.) (see page 227;... J 1381 Emigrant Route. Kansas River i I nng 751 456 fi'ono Crowing to\ too IfK Platte River., ..220' 626 Forks of Platte !5SKi| River 115 791 8*3 Chimney Rock! 155 946 (618) F'M ST. Louis TO SANTA FE. Stage. To INDEPEND'CE, (see No. 612) . . . Caravan Route. Westport Round Grove Narrows 110 Mile Creek ... Jig John r Spring! ! '40 440 ' ! Forffi* nis'g! '.'...'. 23327 Scott's Bluff.... Fort Larimie... RedButtes Rock Independ- ence SOUTH PASS... Green River Beer Springs... Fort Hall American Falls. Le< snmg Jb wis R. mg . Cross- Council Gr .... . 2442 Burnt River.... .... .... Diamond Spring ,'la457 Grande Ronde.. Lost Spring ...... 15j472i Ft. Wallawnlla. Cotton wood Cr'k. 12484; [Jmatillah Riv.. Turkey Creek.... |25 o09j John Day's R.. Little Arkansas ..17 Co w Creek 20 546 1 i Dalles Arkansas River .. 16 526 Falls River 562|iCascai Walnut Creek.... 8570] Fort Va.., Ash Creek 19 58911 ASTORIA .des 45237 Vancouver 55243 RIA 1001253 601028 501233 10 1343 70 1413 1901603 501653 22 1675 1251800 401840 130 1970 702040 68 2108 902198 252223 702294 202333 452378 552433 STEAMBOAT ROUTES ON THE OHIO AND MISSISSIPPI RIVERS. (ROUTE 620) NAMES OF PLACES. P K c s PH Q 12 18 10 16 3 5 21 8 9 1 12 lo 22 8 17 17 Pittsburg, Penn. o 6 =._' it c B 'C liw 481 4/1 461 44.) 4-42 43, 416 40! l 40] m 3'.tl 37 364 943 334 31 / 3(;0 g W V> J 633 Iiii8 598 :>^ u79 5 -? ^'1; 5^ i>16 501 479 4T1 4,)4 437 From Mth. of Ohio Riv. From Memphis, Tenn. J From New Orleans. From Mth. Mississippi R. o ^ PITTSBTJRG Pa . 10041246 17432044 2149 L176 9921234 1731 2032 213/ v 1164 9/91221 1718^0192(24 1151 969 1211 1708 2009 2114] 1141 953'1195 1692 1993 2098 1125 950 1192 1689 1990 2095 1 1122 9451 18 / 1684198520901117 9241166166319642069 1096 917115916561957 2062 1089 9091151 Ib48 1949 2054 1081 9001142 1639 1940 2045 10/2 899ll^li6381939.2044'107i 88 Ml 29 1626 1927 2032 1059 8/2 1114 16J1 1912 2017 1044 850 1092158.J 1890 1995 1022 842 IIW41581 1882 1987 1014 825 1067 1564 1865 1970 997 808 10^)U547J1848 1953 980 tiddletown, " oiiomy, '* .. ijiver " Georgetown, " Ijiverpool Ohio Wellsville, " Steubenville " . Wellsville, Va Warren, O WHEELING, Va Bridgeport O ... Klizubethtowi) Va Lanesville, " Sistersville " ... Grand View, Ohio Newport, '* MARIETTA, " Muskingum River Vienna Va . 6 7 BOB 908 2M4 287 431 424 8021044 795 1037 1541 1534 1842 1947 1835 1940 974 967 Little Kanawha River Blannerhassett's Island. . . , 2 10 5 38 15 17 21! 221 22i 264 27! 296 BBS 2-5 270 Si:i'J 217 200 422 412 407 33! 354 1387 793 1035 783 1025 7781020 740 982 7251 967 708 950 153218331938 1522 1823 1928 15171818 1923 147917801885 1464 1765 1870 1447 1748 1853 965 955 950 912 897 880 Troy, O .. Belleville, Va Jjetart's Rapids* Pomeroy, O Point Pleasant, Va Oreat Kanawha River GALLIPOLIS, Ohio... 4 6 9 22 8 3 14 300 30b 315 337 196 190 181 159 333 327 318 29b 704 946 698 940 689 931 667 909 144317441849 1437 1738 1843 142*1729 1834 1406 1707 1812 876 870 861 839 Newcastle, '* GUYANDOTTE, Va f rnyandotte River Burlington, O 34o| 151 288 659 901 1398 1699 1804 831 JSig Sandy River, Va. & Ky. Catletsburg, Ky 349 147 363 133 284 271 655 897 6411 883 1394 L38J 1H95 J681 1800 1786 827 813 Hanging Rock, O STEAMBOAT ROUTES OHIO RIVER. 223 NAMES OF PLACES. So; &'* 1 PH From Pittsburg, Penn. From Cincinnati, Ohio. l= r &H'> 1 From Mth. of Ohio Riv. From Memphis, Tenn. From Natchez, Miss. From New Orleans. From Mth. Mississippi R.| g l 1 r i. Green upsburg, Ky .1 22 16 6 8 12 369 127 264 635 877 13741675 1780 807 785 769 765 759 ^ 735 lAttle Sandy River PORTSMOUTH, O 391 105 242 613 855 1352 1653 1758 Scioto River Rockville O 407 411 417 421 42 441 89 85 79 75 67 55 22. ; 222 2it; 212 904 W 597 593 587 583 575 839 833 829 825 817 805 1336 1637 1742 1332 1633 1738 1326 1627 1732 1322 1623 1728 131416151720 13021603 1708 Vaneeburg, Ky. .. Rome O Snncord, Ky anchester O MAYSVILLE, Ky Aberdeen, (opposite,) O Ripley, O 8 8 449 45f 47 41 184 V ( > 555 797 549 791 546 788 538 780 534 776 527 769 518 760 513 755 510 752 508 750 1294 1595 1700 1288 1589 1694 1285 1586 1691 1277 15781683 1273 1574 1679 1266156716:2 125715581663 1252 1553 1658 1249 1550 1655 1247 1548 1653 727 721 718 710 706 699 690 H80 Higginsport, (_) Augusta, Ky Neville, Ohio 8 9 | 4tjl 47< 491 4! '4 491 2b 19 10 5 2 167 163 i5 147 142 W 137 Moscow, " New Richmond, " ... Columbia, Ohio.. Fulton, " CINCINNATI, " Covington, (opposite,) Ky. ... North Bend, O ... 16 7 4 9 13 9 1 9 6 15 512 519 523 545 554 ;;. 5H4 570 585 16 8 36 49 68 74 89 121 114 110 101 88 79 ?! 63 I 193 483 489 472 459 4^0 449 440 m 419 W, m 701 692 691 682 676 661 il231 1220 1211 1198 1189 1188 H79 1173 1158 15321637 1525 lb'30 1521 1626 15121617 1499 1604 1490 1595 14^9 1594 14801585 1474 157 4 9 14591564 1? 653 644 631 622 621 612 606 591 Lawrenceburg, la Aurora, " ... Rising Sun, " Patriot, " WarsH w, Ky New York, la. .... Vevay, " (ihent, (opposite,) Ky Carrollton, " Muuth of Kentucky River . . . MADISON, [a Milton, (opposite,) Ky New .London, la. . 9 8 7 7 9 7 J 1 594 602 808 61K 6% 632 683 685 686 98 106 113 120 129 i:->; 135 186 140 39 3J 24 17 8 1 2 3 410 402 395 388 378 372 371 369 368 652 644 637 630 621 p4 (ilb 611 610 1149 1141 112. Hlg 1111 1110 1108 1107 1450 1442 143; 1428 141! J 1412 1111 1409 1408 1555 1524 1617 1516 1514 1513 582 574 567 560 551 544 543 541 540 JRethlehem, " . Westport, Ky Charleston, la Ulica, " . Jeffersonville, " . LOUISVILLE, Ky Shippingsport, " .. Portland, NEW ALBANY, (opposite,) la. Salt River, Ky 20 17 17 a ?? 18 656 160 23 348 590 1087 1388 1493 520 West Point, " Brandenburg, " .. 673 671 691 694 7 K (< 747 177 178 lit:, 198 2.;:-! 251 40 41 58 61 96 114 331 330 313 310 275 257 573 578 i w 4.99 1070 1069 1033 1049 1014 1371 1353 1315 1297 1476 503 1475 502 1458 485 1455 482 1420 447 1402 429 Mauksport, la I je ven worth, " Fredonia, " Rome, '* Stevensport, Ky .. Cloverport, " 224 ROUTES ON THE OHIO & MISSISSIPPI RIVERS. NAMES OF PLACES. Distance from Place to Place. From Pittsburg, Penn. c \ 11 z 2 ;I "^'F 1 > 3 c l! ^^ 5 From Memphis, Tenn. Z ^ tz I 1 si :~ o I From Mth. Mississippi R. S,I/^ m Mo. 1 Hnwesville Kv 9 3 16 g *l 10 25 14 M 75! 775 784 813 81! 82! 8& 2.;o 263 279 2SS 315 323 335 35S '-,-> ;j;h 88^ ;;x^ 40! 4!7 4l>! 447 123 12*) 142 151 178 186 U*i 221 235 241 247 2ul 2;2 280 21 '2 310 24 24: 22! 221 1!I3 IS, 17,: l',( 131 ia 124 120 EK 91 79 6] 4HO 187 47] 4t;2 435 427 417 392 378 372 366 362 341 333 321 BOB 987112881393 984 1285 1390 968 1-26911374 95912601365 932123311338 924 122511330 914 1215il320 88911901295 875 1176 1281 869 1170 1275 863 1164 1269 859:11601265 838,11391244 83011311236 8181119 1224 800 1101 1206 420 417 401 392 365 357 347 322 296 292 271 263 251 233 Troy, la Rockport " . . ... Green River KVANSVILLE Ift Henderson ville, Ky Mt Vernoh la Carthage, Ky HiS W abash. River Raleigh, Ky 6 4 21 8 12 18 !? 881 8ft 90i Bi; B2 IM: SHAWNEETOVVN III Cave-in Rock " . . .Klizabethtown, ** CJolconda " .. Cumberland River, Ky SMITHLAND, ' Tennessee River / 107! 108! HO! 1138 114* [158 1168 U7 117!' I24i 1247 1294 L304 1318 4U4 501 ^ 61c 59! 541 58 59! (!1H 64J 65< B6S (J7L tig 681 711 B 7 80f Sv L 357 367 371 37: ; liS:) 404 446 456 47t; 505 513 525 535 545 54H 579 618 ;M ti24 H40 661 671 t;s5 1 ( i ffi 75 85 105 134 112 154 164 174 175 3 242 253 26G 39C 80( 314 25(i 246 242 2;i7 224 2l)i) Jt;7 157 137 108 100 ss 78 <;8 67 34 1 11 27 48 58 72 753 74:; 739 7::4 721 706 ti,.4 654 634 605 597 585 575 565 564 53] 497 498 486 47(1 449 439 425 1054 1044 1040 1035 \m 965 955 935 906 898 686 876 866 86-5 839 7!H 797 787 771 750 740 726 1159 114; 11 4- T 1141 1127 1112 I07( too I04< 1011 1003 9!U 963 971 971 937 903 m 893 876 8.55 845 831 186 176 172 177 ISO 205 247 257 277 306 314 326 336 346 347 380 414 415 425 441 462 472 486 496 506 526 572 573 578 592 604 614 630 Trinity, ' " CAIRO, (at Mouth of Ohio R.) Norfolk, Mo COLUMBUS Ky .. .... Hickman, " NEW MADRID Mo Riddle's Point " Little Prairie, " Obion River, Tenn Ashport, " Osceola, Ark . JJatchie River Randolph Tenn Greenock, Ark MEMPHIS, Tenn Fort Pickering, " Norfolk, Miss Walnut Be'nd, " Peyton, " f\. Francis River erling, Ark ELENA ** . iaae 1388 1358 1404 1405 1410 142) 832 84S 8t5 90 ;*u: H14 928 6H5 706 725 771 772 777 791 324 334 35/1 40C 401 406 420 82 92 112 158 159 164 178 415 405 885 339 338 333 319 716 701 ; 686 640 839 634 620 821 81) 791 745 744 7:;:< 725 Delta, Miss.... Old Town Ark Victoria, Miss Montgomery's Point, Miss. ... White River Ark NAPOLEON, Ark Bolivar Miss 1436 144(i 1462 R40 95( 96) 803 813 829 432 190' 307 442 200 297 458' 216 281 608 598 582 713 703 Cypress Bend, Miss ... . Yellow Bend, " ROUTES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 225 NAMES OF PLACES. II 5 20 5 12 3 29 15 26 20 12 10 9 36 1 10 10 31 J .2 5 n i 5 _o I/ 3 ^ A rom lississippi R. d 662 682 687 699 702 731 2$ 31 814 823 859 860 870 880 911 1489 194 [514 1519 534 m 16-24 [646 [692 L702 1712 1743 '5 6 998 1018 K>> L082 1108 1140 H50 1196 1216 1247 1 8.56 m 881 901 930 945 971 991 1013 I05g 1056 1110 48-5 490 510 515 530 574 600 620 632 642 651 687 698 708 739 E 213 272 286 288 317 332 35S 378 39J t'l 4-56 466 497 1 2,34 249 22! 224 212 209 180 165 107 97 88 52 51 11 i 555 550 530 525 513 510 481 466 440 420 408 398 389 33^ 301 "wio 655 630 618 615 586 571 525 513 494 458 457 447 437 406 Columbia Ark Egg's Point Miss Grand Lake Landing, Ark.... .Princeton Miss T" kin's'Rpnd " Milligan's Bend, " "VirKSBURG, " \Viirrenton " .... Big Black River t Miss GRAND GULF, ' Bruinsburg, ' Rodney, ' J\ T ATCHEZ, ' Vidalia, (opposite,) La JJunwcfiitto River, Miss P'ort Adams, ' .... Red River, La 44 10 11 3 27 1787 1291 1154 [797 11301 1164 [808 1312 1175 1841H3451208 1868 1372 1235 783 793 804 837 864 541 551 562 595 622 44 54 65 98 125 2o7 247 231 362 359 341 281 955 965 976 1009 1036 Tunica Bend Miss &T. FRANCISVILLE, La Point Coupee, (opposite) Port Hudson 11 8 17 8 10 12 12 12 24 16 20 2 4 13 10 1879 isHT 1910 1927 1937 1978 3002 2018 .:<)> 3048 214! 10* 1883 1391 1408 1414 144] U : >3 1465 148L 15IH 1525 1542 1,54* 154P 1552 1641 1653 1246 127] 1281 1311 u& 138! 140; 140P 1411 14K 1428 1484 150e 151t R06 915 923 933 945 957 958 970 974 998 1014 L034 103? 1040 [04 1057 1113 ii;:r 1145 633 641 g 675 681 691 715 71 (j 7g 732 756 772 792 A 9 - SOL 815 m 136 144 161 167 17b 184 I* 20t 218 81! $1 25i 29J 29( 301 30T 31 37-J ^ 16f 157 141 12= 1 83 82 70 6( 42 2< b 2 ( K 73 95 105 270 2i>2 245 22* 21:.' 201 ISO 187 175 ,171 147 131 111 107 105 101 8S 32 1C ( 1047 1055 1072 1078 1087 1095 1105 1117 1129 1130 11142 1146 11170 1186 1206 1210 1212 1216 1229 1285 1307 1317 Thomas' Point BATON ROUGE Bruly Landing luerville Bayou .. .... PlaQuemirie St Gabriel Church Louisiana Institute Buyou Lafourche . 1)ONALDSONVILLE Convent du Sacrament Jettersori College . . Bonnet Quarre Church Red Church Carroilton . Lu Fayette .NEW ORLEANS ... . Battle Ground Fort St. Leon Fort St. Philip Southeast Puss BALIZE 226 ROUTES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. (ROUTE 621) NAMES OF PLACES. Distance From Place to Place. From ^ : fe& 1 The Gulf of Mexico. From New Orleans. From Natchez, Miss. Jfrom Memphis, Tenn. rrorn The Mth. of Ohio Riv. -t c H m m i ^ !| c" c: i |g N5 g (X | B< * "o J2 2 Falls of St Anthony 1 (56 1944 1643 1146 1937 1636 1139 1871 1570 1073 904 899 831 732 510 725 503 659 437 24^ 241 175 i 73 FORT SNKLLING St Peter's River Lake Pepin PRAIRIK DU CHIKN 175 4 21 8 17 7 19 & 2 7 1801 1696 1395 1797 1692 1391 1772 1667 1366 1751 i 1646 1345 1743 1638 1337 1726 1621 1320 1719 1614 1313 1700 1595 1294 1698 1593 1292 1683 1578 1277 168115761275 1674 1569 1268 MIS 8: '4 H69 848 840 883 816 $ ^ 771 656 ee& 6ft x 7> 581 574 555 553 53J 5::. m 484 4HO 455 434 426 408 402 383 364 357 262 25* 23 212 204 187 ISO Hil 16f 144 142 135 4 a 50 1 18 103 \li 120 127 248 252 277 298 306 323 330 349 351 366 368 375 427 428 Cassville. Wis. .. Peru " Fever River, 111 Savannah, 111 Charleston " . . New York, " Albany, tc ROCK ISLAND Rock Island City . 52 1622 1621 1517 1216 1516,1215 719 7j8 477 476 305 304 83 8 179 180 ock River, III nvenport, (opposite,) Iowa., loomington, " .... New Boston, 111 27 23 19 13 SB 9 1594 1489 1188 157 1 '1466 1165 155214471146 1539 1434| 11 33 1517114121111 1508 1403 1102 (191 668 648 686 r,i4 G05 449 <& 4 394 m 277 254 235 m 200 191 55 a a 31 207 231 2h2 284 is 455 478 497 510 532 541 Oquawka, *' .. Montrose, ** Keokuk, Iowa 12 1496 1391 1090 593 B51 179 43 305 553 Des Moines River Warsaw, III .. 34 13 90 11 15 41 2 19 2 1 19 2 25 1495 145* 141 I 12: 1M 138 L35? 1 o; 1 " L33f 131" 13K 128! 128 128! 125? 1387 108b 13531052 13401039 1320 1019 13091008 I1294 1 993 1253; 952 1251J 950 1232! 931 1230 929 1212, 911 12031 902 1184| 883 1182i 881 1178! 877 1153| 852 589 BSE 5fi m 511 491 455 453 434 48! 414 40J 381 8ft ;M 355 347 313 301 281 269 254 213 211 191. 1!H) 17i 1 144 14'. ia IK- 175 111 128 106 97 82 41 39 21 M B 3U 34 59 i i 94 il- 309 557 343 591 356 604 376 ! 624 3871 635 402 650 443 691 445 693 464 712 466 714 484 732 493 741 512 760 514 762 518 766 543 791 Hannibal, Mo Clarksville', " ia H( i- IK 202 20 22! 231 251 25! 251 281 Hamburg III . Oration, 111 ALTON "' ST Louis, Mo ... . ... Harrisonville, HI. .' Herculaneum Mo . ... Selma " St. Genevieve, " Kashas Ida River, III 16 45 12 12 28 1242 11371 836 11971092 791 11851080; 779 11731068 767 1145 1040 1 739 33! 2H4 889 27( 97 52 41 a i 75 29" 120, 34$ 132; 354 144 36t 1 172 3& 559i 807 604J 852 616 864 628 876 ! 656| 904 13ainnridge, Mo . ... Cape Ginirdeau " . Commerce, " CAIRO, (at Mouth of Ohio R.) DISTANCES ON TEE MISSOURI RIVER, FROM Bancroft Libxuj COUNCIL BLUFFS TO THE GULF OF MEXICO (ROUTE 62-2) NAMES OF PLACES. COUNCIL BLUFFS IJellview Trading-house Ptatte River Five-barrel Island Upper Oven Island Lower Oven Island Fair Sun Island Little JVemakaw River JVisftnebotna River Grand Nema/iaw River Wolf River Mouth of Nodaway River St. Joseph Weston FORT LEVEN WORTH Little Platte River Kansas River Landing INDEPENDENCE, Mo Liberty Landing Sibley Camden LEXINGTON..... Or and River Chariton BOONVILLE Franklin, (opposite) Ryckoort Ml. V ernon Marion JEFFERSON CITY Osage River Pinckney Griswold, (opposite) Newport ST. CHARLES Mouth of Missouri River . . . 02002189715961099 40 1962 1857 1556 1059 52 19501845 1544 1047 t!7 11*35 183015291 1032 79 1923 1818 J 5 17! 1020 831919l8141ol:j id],; 106 ! 189617911490 " . 832 590 122188017751474 134186817631462 159184317381437 177 l*2o 1720 1419 193180917041403 207179516901389 i It;:j(ii329 274 17281623 }:J22 825 :.'i M 1 70s u;o:j 13021 805 304169815931292 795 lf ; K! 1280 783 31916831578 )277| 780 34016621557l2f>t; 7;V. 359 I64315^!l237 7401 377 1623152012191 722; 427 157514701169 672J 447.1555 1450 1149 652i 477 1 -,25 14201119 622 857 685111751671 817 645111351631 805 633:11231619 790! 618 1108 1604 778J 6061096' 1592 774 ! 602 1092 1588 751 57910691565 " 5631053 1549 892 050 418 583 411 563J 391 553 381 541 369 538 366 551104111537 52610161512 6081 998 1494 4921 982|l478 478| 968:1464 9C81404 9011397 88111377 8591355 856 1352 487151514101109 497150514001099 514 : 1488! 1383 1 1082 630147213671066 540 1462 ia571056 591 1411 13061005 59914031298 6471355"" Cfc!7il335 t;i2 517 345! 835 1331 498 326| 816 1312 480 308 798; 1294 430 258 7481244 410 238 728 1224 380 208 6981194 500 258 452 432i 190 198 6881184 1881 678 ! 1174 155 H611157 6451141 6,351131 584,1080 86 5761072 38 5281024 181 50&1004 CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. MAINE. CUMBERLAND AND OXFORD CANAL. From Portland I ToSebugoPond __. Long Pond [9|I80 NEW HAMPSHIRE. BOW CANAL. Around Bow Falls, Merri- mac River 3-4 m. 1. CANAL ar'd Hookset Fulls.. 1-8 " " Amoskeag " ..1 " Union " .. 9 tc " Seawell's " ..1-4 " VERMONT. BELLOWS FALLS CANAL 1-2 m. 1. There are two others, designed to overcome obstructions in the Con- necticut River. MASSACHUSETTS. MIDDLESEX CANAL. Boston to Lowell 27 m. 1. HAMPSHIRE & HAMPDEN CANAL. Connecticut Line to North- ampton 22 m. 1. BLACKSTONE CANAL. Providence to Worcester 45 m. 1. MONTAGUE CANAL. Around Falls in Connecticut River 3 m. 1. SOUTH HADLEY CANAL. Around Falls nt S. Hadley, Connecticut River 2 m. 1. RHODE ISLAND. BLACKSTONE CANAL. Providence to Worcester 45 m. 1. CONNECTICUT. FARMINGTON CANAL. From New Hnven to the n'th line of the Stute 56 m. 1. See Hampshire and Hampderi Ca- nal, Mass. ENFIELD CANAL. Connecticut River 5i m. 1. NEW YORK. ERIE CANAL. From ALBANY ToPortSchuyler ... West Troy 1 Junction Champlain Canal. 2 Cohnes 1 Lower Aqueduct, Willow Springs.. Upper Aqueduct. SCHENECTADY 4 Rotterdam 9 Philip's Locks ' Amsterdam Schoharie Creek fmithtown ultonville Big Nose Spraker's Basin CANAJOHARIE Fort Plain St. Johnsville East Canada Creek Indian Cnstle LITTLE FALLS Herkimer Frankfort U| 47 317 5 52 312 2| 54 310 57 307 64300 6K 298 3 69295 11 77287 4 81 283 2- 8:1 281 5 88 276 7! 9. 269 6101263 Whrtesb'oro"V.r."7.""".Tr.T.''l 4 114 250 Rome, (June. Black R. C.) 11 12 239 Wood Creek Aqueduct ... ,| 212 237 Hawley's Basin 2129235 3,132 232 4136228 5141223 5146218 4150214 3 153|211 5158206 1364 em 7357 91355 10354 13351 19 345 26338 30334 39325 44320 UTICA, (Jun. ChenangoC.), \A7V\\tCHihnrn liggins, (Junction Oneida Luke Canal) Oneida Creek Canastota... New Boston Chittenango Kirkville... SYRACUSE, (June. Oswego Canal) Geddes Camillus Canton Jordan Weeds port Port Byron MONTEZUMA, (June. Ca- yuga and Seneca Canal). Clyde Lock Berlin LYONS Lockville Port Gibson PALMYRA 9 171 193 2 173 191 6.179 185 5 184 180 6 190 174 6 196 168 3 199 165 6 205 159 11 216 148 5 221 143 4 225 139 6 231 ! 133 42351129 5240124 Wayneport ."."." ."."."." ,".".".".'.'.^1 72471117 . CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES* 229 Fafrport Pittsford ROCHESTER, (June. Gen- esee Valley Canal) Brockway's Adams' Basin BROCKPORT Holley Hulberton ALBION Eagle Harbor Knowlesville Medina Middleport Gosport LoCKPORT Pendleton , Tonawanda , BLACK ROCK , Buffalo ... 5252112! [0269 10279 5284 5289 ,'.J:M -1 296 3i307 4811 4315 12 352 9361 3364 New Bridge Phoenix ... Fulton .... Braddor.k's Rapid OSWEQO CHEJ1UNG CANAL. From Seneca Lake To Havana b'OlMillport FAIRPORT . Elmira Corning 7333 31 [ | ^AIRPORT . 7340 24i! Feeder-, (Chemung Canal.) 12 i I Head of Feeder. CHAMPLAIN CANAL. From Albany To WEST TROY., Junction WATERFORD Mechanicsville Stillwater Village.. Fort Edward Glenn's Falls Feeder Comstock's Landing WHITEHALL CHENANGO CANAL. From Utica To Clinton Deansville Oriskany Falls Boucksville HAMILTON Sherburne North Norwich Norwich OXFORD -Hayne's Mill Green Forks Port Crane BlNGH AMTON CAYUGA AND SENECA CANAL. From Montezuma To Seneca River. . . . Seneca Falls , Waterloo GENEVA Lateral Canal to E. Cayuga Village. OSWEGO CANAL. From SYRACUSE To SALINA. . Liverpool I 31 Corning CROOKED LAKE CANAL. 2! 2! From Dresden To Perm Yan .... Crooked Lake . GENESEE VALLEY CANAL. From Rochester To Scottsville Suckett's Basin MT. MORRIS Shaker Settlement . DANSVILLE 15! 37 4 41 11 52 DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL. From Eddy ville I 0| 108 ToGreenkill 0, 1107 Horn beck's Bridge 1 2 106 Head of Pond ! 1 3105 Hardenburgh's Basin \u 4104 Rosedale 2 6102 Marble Quarries 2,' 8100 Mechanicsville 1 9 Hnsbrouk's Basin ! l| 10 Allegerville ; 3, 13 Stony kill Aqueduct 3 16 Port Jackson 1 "" Middleport 4 __ Port Benjamin I 3, 24 Ellenville I 4| Penny's Basin ! 4j Brownvill Tunnel H Neversink Aqueduct ' 5 Port Jarvis ' Bolton . Tucker's Aqueduct :.. 7 Craigsville 4 Barryville j 4 Delaware Dam i 4 Pennsylvania Section. Mouth of Lackawaxen 1 Rowlnndville | 5 Blue Eddy , 1 Punch Camp ' 4 24 ?6 12 230 CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES, Jones' Rift 4|100| 8 1101 7 3104 4 411081 0102 10 92 [ifflintown I 75 1 89 4HJ3 7132 7139 7146 J -h 1159 3172 1183 C m 33 168 97 80 173 66 164 153 43 146 129 117 114 104 98 88 83 1 47 37 19 tin. lar- i in- to itu- to ling , 80 thp Beach Flat Vaynesburg Aughwick Falls NEW JERSEY, MORRIS CANAL. From Jersey City- Uintingdon Vater Street 'mifkstown ^ H TTA VSRTTRii 8 17 85 77 Jllltghany From NEW BRUNSWICK Millstone... Rocky Hill This Canal has a navignb 23 miles long, extending fror to Saxtonsviile, on the Dele PENNSYLVANI PENNSYLVANIA CAM Central Division. From Columbia To Marietta A. ^L 6 4 4 8 6 5 3 7 10 8 5 3 r 13 20 26 31 34 41 51 59 64 71 812 10 K) 29 29 29 28 28 21 21 26 25 24 24)1 Middletown High Spire T i?| A \i t in Pnn T) bin Duncan's Island M illerstown Mexico transportation of coal. The Beaver Division, Erie Exten* sion, &rc., Continue the line of Canal from Pittg. burg to Erie, a distance of 136 m. SCHUYLKILL NAVIGATION COM- PANY. Canals and Locks, producing slack ng s Phil? water navigation from Philadel- phia to Port Carbon, 108 miles. LEHIGH NAVIGATION COMPANY. Like the Schuylkill Navigation Co., is used for a descending navigation, from the Great Falls to Easton distance, 84 miles. CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 231 UNION CANAL Extends from Reading to Middle, town, on the Susquehanna river ; distance, 82 miles. SUSQUEHANNA CANAL Extends from Wrightsville, opposite Columbia, Susquehanna river, to Havre de Grace, Aid. ; distance, 45 miles. DELAWARE. CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL. From Delaware City to Back Creek, Md. ; distance, 14 miles. MARYLAND. CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO CANAL. Completed from Georgetown, D. C., to Hancock, 136 miles. At the south end it has been extended to Alexandria, a distance of 7i miles. VIRGINIA. JAMES RIVER CANAL Extends along the river from Rich- mond to Lynchburg ; distance, 146 miles. DISMAL SWAMP CANAL Extends from Deep Creek to Joice's Creek, a branch of Pascotank riv- er, entering Albemarle sound, N.C. 23 miles long. NORTH CAROLINA. WELDON CANAL Extends around the falls of the Roan- oke, from Weldon to Blakely, length, 12 miles. CLUBFOOT AND HARLAW CANAL, Near Beaufort U m. 1. SOUTH CAROLINA. SANTEE CANAL Extends from Charleston to Santee river, 22 miles. WINYAW CANAL, From Winyaw hay to a branch of Santee river, 7 miles. The navigation of the Catawba river has been improved hy 5 short canals, having an aggregate length of Hi miles. GEORGIA. BRUNSWICK CANAL Extends from Brunswick to the Ala- tamaha river, 12 miles. ALABAMA. MUSCLE SHOALS CANAL Is designed to overcome an obstruc- tion in the Tennessee river length, 35f miles.* HUNTSVILLE CANAL. From Huntsville to Triania, on Ten nessee river, length, 16 miles. LOUISIANA. BARATARIA CANAL. [t extends from New Orleans to Bayou Terre Bonne, 21 miles of canal, and 'J5 of lake and stream naviga. tion. LAKE VERRET CANAL Extends from La Fourche Bayou to Lake Verret, 9 miles. ORLEANS BANK CANAL Extends from New Orleans to Lake Pontchartrain, a distance of 6 miles. KENTUCKY. LOUISVILLE & PORTLAND CANAL. [t is 2i miles long, and sufficiently capacious for the passage of the largest steamboats, which cannot pass the Rapids, except in the sea- sons of high floods. Kentucky River Navigation* Licking River Navigation, and Green River Navigation, Are improvements in the above riv- ers, by means of locks and dams. OHIO. OHIO CANAL. From Cleveland 01309 To Rathbun's Lock fl ' Mill Creek Tinker's Creek 4 Mnery Feeder 4 Boston 4 "^eninsula 3 Niles 6 31d Portage 2 S T orth Akron 5 South Akron 1 yew Portage 6 Wolf Creek Lock 3 232 CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. Clinton Fulton Wellman's Mills Massillon Navarre and Bethlehem Bolivar Zoar Jennings' Bridge Dover Lockport Newcastle Trenton Gnadenhutten Port Washington Newcomerstown Evansburg Lewisville Roscoe...... Adams Mill Webbsport Hartford's Fra/ersburg Nashport Licking Dam Lickingtown Newark Granville Feeder Hebron Licking Summit , Millersport Baltimore Havensport , Carroll , Lockville Waterloo , Rayneysport Lockbourne. Holmes' Landing Millport and Bloomfield.... Circleville Westfall Yellowbud Deer Creek Andersonville Clinton Mills Chillicothe Tomlinson's Stony Creek Head of Big Bottom Sharonville Waverly Trimble's Bridge Jasper Howard's Lock Cutter's Station Brush Creek PORTSMOUTH 10 132 177 3J135 174 I0ll45 164 4! 149 160 3,152 157 3! 155 154 61161 148 5166143 4170139 6 176 133 51181128 41185.124 41189120 2191H8 5196113 tj 202 107 2204105 2 206 103 3209100 5214 95 7 221 88 3224; 85 4228 81 5 241 1 68 5246 63 4250 59 2252 57 4256 53 . , 51 6264 ! 45 3267) 42 2269 40 7276 33 4280 "" 3283 3286 5291 3234 7301 WALHONDING CANAL. 4 2 From Roscoe To Crooked Run Bridge .. Walhonding Dam Warsa Darling's Bridge Butler's Lower C . . . Butler's Upper Crossing. . . . rossing . Walhonding (town) Cumrnings' Bridge Mohican Dam ROCHESTER HOCKING CANAL. From Carroll To Lancaster .'. Reams' Mills Rush Creek Green's Mill Hocking Falls Logan Puttonsville Seven-mile Run. \elsonville. , Jonday Creek . Chauncey ATHENS MIAMI CANAL. From Cincinnati To Lockland Hamilton Side-cut Middletown Frankli Miamisburg Carrollton Alexandria DAYTON In and out of Hamilton Basin 6 _ 36 5 ! 41 3; 44 5: '- 7l 56 16 28 13 41 MIAMI CANAL EXTENSION. From Dayton To Tippecanoe ... Troy Piqua Loramie's Feeder . Lockport.. 3 36 79 12 48 67 5 53' 62 3 56 59 3 V =*> <5 ( -'o, 50 j T 1 48 131 do! 35 3511151 * See Wabash and Erie Canal, la. WARREN COUNTY CANAL. From Lebanon To Whitehall's Mills Newport . Berlin Minster Bremen St. Mary's Feeder.. St. Mary's Deep Cut JUNCTION* 0115 14101 21 94 9 30 " 33 Union Village Landing Middletown., 19, SIDNEY FEEDER. From Lockport I 0! To Sidney PORT JEFFERSON I 51 ST. MARY'S FEEDER. From St. Mary's Feeder To Enst Bank. Montezuma CELINA CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 233 Windsor . , Luke's Chi Lowell . Devoll's To Toledo, Port Miami Maumee C Water ville Otsego Providence. Damascus, Napoleon Florida ., Jndepend* DEFIANCI Junction^ Reservoir, . Antwerp State Line Indim State Lint Indiana C Fair port. Lewiston FORT W. Aboite Huntington INGTJM IMPROVEIV esden I's Creek 10 10 ] ? 10 5 in 11 7 5 N 8 1 5 7 5 6 8 8 5 4 .M 11 Q 6 16 2ti 3H 43 38 ffi 68 79 86 91 VL. 4 12 13 1* i p 3; -14 69 -)7 61 70 81 fc i M 80 75 65 55 4H ;is 33 23 12 5 88 H4 76 75 70 68 ^ 62 44 86 31 27 18 4 La Gros Wabash Peru ille and Duncan's Lewisburg LOOANSPORT ind Eagleport jllsville and Malta. Lock port ... Carrollton DELPHI hure. ind Waterford .... Americus LAFAYETTE :::::::::::: WHITEWATER CAN; From Lawrenceburg To Hardingsburg IA and HARMAR . . INDIANA. VSH AND ERIE C/ inhattan, Ohio lo Elizabethtown . Harrison New Trenton BROOKVILLK Laurel City Conners ville. City ] e . CAMBRIDGE ILLINOIS. ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN From CHICAGO ce. is i Summit E Des Plaines r. . . .... .... Lockport . .... ne . . 4 2 3 12 12 16 88 I 20 1 ] 140 138 135 123 111 95 Dti page River. .. ina Division, fte Dresden Morrisiana City la ... Clarkson MH rseilles Ottawa. . . . AYNE JJtica ton ... Peru..., 9 57 5J ._ 6i 68 15 83 91 onoo 4 96 12j 88 22 [ 78 27! 73 85 15 94 6 98 2 100 234 THE RATES AT WHICH FOREIGN MONEY OR CURRENCY IS TAKEN AT THE CUSTOM-HOUSE, NEW YORK. Franc of France and Belgi- um $0.18-6. Florin of Netherlands.. 0.40 l do. of Southern States of Germany. 0.40 Guilder of Netherlands. .0.40 Livre Tournois of France 0.18 Lira of the Lombardo Ve- netian Kingdom 0.16 Lira of Sardinia O-^ro do. of Tuscany 0.16 Milrea of Portugal 1.12 do. of Azores 0.83J Marc Banco of Hamburg 0.35 Pound Sterling of Great Britain 4.84 Pound Sterling of the Brit- ish Provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Can- ada $4.00 Pagoda of India 1 .84 Real Vellon of Spain 0.05 do. Plate of Spain 0.10 Rupee of British India 0.44.J Specie Dollar of Denmark 1.05" Rix Dollar or Thaler of Prussia and the Northern States of Germany 0.69 Rix Dollar of Bremen 0.78$ Rouble, silver, of Russia. . 0.75 Specie Dollar of Sweden arid Norway 1.06 Florin of Austria 0.48 Ducat of Naples 0.80 Ounce of Sicily 2.40 Tale of China 1.48 Leghorn Livres 0.16 CURRENCIES BY USAGE, When a Consular Certificate of the real value or Rate of Exchange is not attached to the Invoice. Current Marc $0.28 Crown of Tuscany 1.05 Florin of Prussia 0.22J do. of Basle 0.41 Florence Livre 0.15 Geneva Livre 0.21 Jamaica Pound 5.00 Leghorn Dollar - 0.90 Livre of Catalonia 0.53J Livre of Neufchatel $0.26 Paper Rouble varies from 4 roubles 65 copecks to 4 rou- bles 84 copecks to the dollar. Rix Dollar of Saxony 0.69 do. Rhenish 0.60| Swiss Livre 0.27 Scuda of Malta 0.40 Turkish Piastre 0.05 VALUE OF FOREIGN GOLD COINS IN UNITED STATES CURRENCY* Sovereigns of Gr. Britain $4.83 Doubloons, Spanish 16.00 do. Patriot 15.60 Napoleons $3.83 10 Thalers 7.82 10 Guilders .4,00 VALUE OF AMERICAN COIN IN FOREIGN CURRENCY. Engli. s& Sterling. FT ench. German. s. d. 1 fr. sous. 1 fin \ld . stiv. One dollar ___ 4 6 1-2 One dollar __ 5 7 1 One dollar 2 12 Half a dollar __ 2 31-41 Half a dollar _ 2 13 1 Half a dollar _ 1 6 25 cent piece __ 1 1 5-8 1 25 cent piece = I 63-4 1 25 cent piece = 12 10 cent piece 5 cent piece = 51-2 23-4] 110 cent piece 5 cent piece z 10 6-8 53-8 10 cent piece 1 5 cent piece A 47-8 23-8