W3 UC-NRLF B 3 T55 MbS / REVIEWERS (J^ser ON AKTICLE IX. OF THE Birx>ua^ l^W-x:. For January 1819, New Senes, ENTITLED, " On the London Society for converting the Jews.^ BY THE KEV. LEWIS WAY, A. M. X OF STANSTED, SUSSEX ; ^ LATS FELLOW OF MERTON COLLEGE, OXFORD; AND CHAPLAIN TO THE BIGHT HON. THE EARL OF SHEFFIELD. " The Situation of the Jews will ever be a Subject of intense Interest to all reflecting Christians" British Critic, Jan. 1819, new series. LONDON: PRINTED FOR J. HATCHARD, PICCADILLY; AND OGLE AND CO. HOLBORN AND PATERNOSTER ROW. 1819. iOAN STACK S. Gosncll, Printer, Little Queen Street, London. ADVERTISEMENT TO THE READER. It may be requisite to premise, that the follow- ing Observations, as far as they respect the conduct or opinions of Churchmen and Dis- senters, are not intended to refer to either as such, but to the unfounded jealousy and un- worthy insinuations of the British Critic, con- cerning many of each description. In the change which took place in the ma- nagement of the London Society, the Dis- senters are entitled to as much consideration as the Churchmen ; they were the first to origi- nate the Institution, and when, under peculiar circumstances, they were convinced it could be more effectively maintained under the exclu- sive management of the Church, it was their own voluntary act to consign this great cause to their Christian brethren of the Establish- ment. Their engagement in the Jewish cause was thus more honoured in the breach than in the observance, while, at the same time, an unan- swerable refutation was given to surmises pre- viously thrown out, that their original design was undertaken in a spirit of hostility to the Church as by law established. The above facts do not rest upon hear- say or recollection^ but on the printed testi- 131 mony of the Society. — See Special Report of the Change, 1815, p. 11. '^ At a Meeting of the Dissentets in London, who are Subscribers to the London Society for promoting Christianity among the Jews, held at the New London Tavern, Cheapside, Feb, 14, 1815, Joseph Fox, Esq. in the Chair ; " Resolved, " III. That it appears that many zealous members of the Established Church have ex- pressed their conscientious objections to unite with this Society, whilst its affairs are managed by a Committee consisting of persons of dif- ferent religious denominations, and have inti- mated their willingness to support it if carried on exclusively by Churchmen: — this Meeting embraces this opportunity of proving that they never, as Dissenters, had any other de- sign but the conversion of the Jews to Chris- tianity : — they therefore cannot feel the small- est objection to withdraw, in favour of such of their brethren of the Established Church who testify a lively zeal in this grand cause, pos- sessing also sufficient means for promoting it." For further illustration of this point, see pages 19 and 20 of the following Observations. ^ The passages in capitals and inverted commas (a few obvious quotations excepted)^ are in the very words of the Reviewer. Hackney, March 1, 18 J 9. i.i tt'in'-Tl« f ,! '-.•'. ..:il> ^f REVIEWERS REVIEWED, J'y is o^e of the peculiar features of charity, as delineated by St. Paul, that " it rejoiceth uot in iniquity/' It takes no more delight in the exhibition than in the commission of evil. In the consideration that " the end of all things is at hand/* St. Peter, " above all things,'* exhorts us to " have fervent charity." He tells us, that " charity will cover the multitude of sins.*^ The Wise Man goes further : " Ha- tred stirreth up strifes, but, love covereth all sins'' Proverbs, x. 12. When a Jew, who is an avowed enemy of Christianity, stands forth to expose the failures af a Society, whose object is the spiritual Avel- fare of his own brethren, and sets forth with no small exaggeration, their wickedness, he affords to a Christian mind new arguments for the necessity of perseverance in attempting their reform. When a nominal Christian of low condition, and lower apprehensions of conduct and duty,^ repays his employers, by raking up every disad- vantageous and distressing circumstance which his situation has enabled him to observe and record, and, covering his own delinquency in office by the detail of offences, many of which were committed under his own eye, has the effrontery to affix his name to such an abo- itiinable performance, with the addition of " late Printer to the Institution," he stamps that name and that performance with sufficient infamy to render them both unworthy of re- gard. But, when a person of supposed respecta- bility, laying claim to candour, knowledge, discernment, and other qualifications requisite in a guide of public taste, and a guardian of public morals — when such a person as a public censor identifies his own observations and opi- nions with compositions of such a nature, and with characters of the above description ; when he draws his information from such contami- nated sources, and his inferences from premises thus laid down ; when his conclusions from the past, and his expectations of the future, are precisely what such authors could wish and desire; a Christian advocate can no longer resort to the argument of silence, though, in turning to his accuser another cheek, he should be smitten on that also. Under these circumstances, I think it a duty to myself and to the public, not to pass unno- ticed the second Article of the British Critic, for January -1819. The author of this emi- nently uncharitable composition, sheltered as he is, by an anonymous and ambiguous cha- racter, will allow me to observe, that I con- sider his review as declaratory not only of his own sentiments, but of those of many under similar impressions ; and I wish it to be under- stood, that a personal reply to him, is not so much my object in these observations, as the re- futation of principles alarmingly prevalent in this our day with reference to various institu- tions similar to that which is the immediate subject of his unqualified disapprobation. mbrtuoqx3 J>fl nio. . There is a spirit now abroad in the world, which is both biting and benumbing: it par- takes of the qualities of the viper and the tor- pedo ; it would sting and paralyse at once every active effort and every vital energy in the ciuise of Christianity, which does not opeilite in a given direction or according to a prescrib- ed mode. How adverse is this disposition, both to Law and Gospel ! There is many " a young man," now ready to run to his rulers, and tell them that Eldads and Medads do prophesy in the camp; and would God it were replied to each of them, as it was by Moses, " Enviest thou for my sake ? .would God that all the Lord's people were prophets, and that the Lord would put his spirit upon them !" (Num. xi.) For a similar instance under the Gospel dispen- sation, see Luke, ix. 49. But, blessed be God^ no weapon formed against the truth shall pro^ sper. One of the signs which should follow them that believe was, *' they shall take u[> serpents, and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them." Paul shook off the viper from his hand, and went on his way, "and felt no harm;" calling the Jews togev ther, receiving all that came in unto him into his lodging, " to whom he expounded and tes- tified the kingdom of God, persuading tiiem concerning Jesus both out of the law of Moses and out of the prophets from morning till even- ing." The grossness of their hearts, the bhnd- pass of their understanding, the dulness of their ears, the closing of their eyes, though he knew these circunibtances to be both providential and judicial, did, not appear to him to justify the neglect of their souls. Notwithstanding every discouragement, notwithstanding he was spe- cially appointed to another ministry, he went into their synagogues, he received them at home, his heart's desire was their salvation, and his conduct testified its sitice7it2/. no!>"'THis desibe" of the Apostle, we are told by the Reviewer, "has doubtless been echoed by THE WISHES OF ALL REFLECTING CHRIS I lANS, TO WHOM THE SITUATION OF THE JEWS WILL EVER BE A SUBJECT 0F JNTENSE INTEREST." But it haS hitherto been, and> according to his notions, ever should continue to h a echo, and nothing more, " vo.r et placet erea nihil,'' — prayer without practice ! ! desire without action ! ! Much doubt may be entertained of the intensity^ of that interest which results in practical indiffer*- ence ; and the ^^ anxkty'' which "looks for- ward" only and leads to nothing, is just as ^Uaudablt' as the simplicity of the countryman who stood on the bank " looking forward, — ^' duui defluit amnis." That charity, which, regarding the situation of the Jews as " a continual miracle,'' is content- ed with the evidence which their rejection af- fords to our holy religion, without any attempt to, confirm that testimony by the more weighty 6 proof to be drawn from their promised reco- very, which views them " as living witnesses to the truth,'' and, therefore, leaves them in error, " dead in trespasses and sins," pities them as estranged brethren, and abandons them to their state of ahenation-— such charity and such pity are just no pity and no charity at all. Assu- redly it is not the pity or the charity of the Apostle or of his master Christ : it has no con- formity with the conduct of the one ; it is not in compliance with the commands of the other. That ** a time is predicted," that " the work will be miraculous/' are now hackneyed and refuted objections ; and whatever may be the truth in these respects in a national view, the case of individual instruction stands unaffected by it, and retains its original priority in the divine injunction, that " repentance and re- mission of sins should be preached among all nations, beginning at Jerusalem." Under the concessions of the Reviewer, I would ask, Does God, who has all means at his command, act in general without them.^ 'And if in this case he has prescribed the means of preaching his word (see Ezekiel, xxxvii. 4; and Romans, x. 14, 15), why are we to question the probabihty of their ulti- mate success? But the Reviewer, whose ob- 4 7 ject is to confound things clearly to be distin- guished, would merge his admitted principles in the supposed absolute and irrecoverable fai- lure of the first systematic attempt made foFj that purpose since the Apostolic age. Admit- ting, as he does (ibid.), " that every christian WHO feels for the welfare of so large a por- tion OF. HIS brethren WILL DESIRE TO PROMOTE it; THAT PIOUS AND LEARNED MEN IN EVERY AGE OF THE CHURCH HAVE CONSIDERED IT THEIR DUTY TO DEVOTE A PORTION OF THEIR TIME AND ABILI- TIES TO THIS OBJECT :" — whilc he tells us this " is NOT SURPRISING," may we not be surprised to find him, in the very following sentence, de- nouncing the attempt to promote Christianity amongst the Jews, as one of the " new pro- jects IN THE present DAY AFTER WHICH THERE IS A CONTINUAL CRAVING," as a " travelling out of the common road of duty?" Under this candid and consistent view of the subject, he surprises us once more, nay, he must astonish his readers, by the following remark : ** it would perhaps HAVE BEEN SURPRISING IF THE CASE OF THE JEWS HAD NOT RECOMMENDED ITSELF TO THE MORBID SENSIBILITIES OF RESTLESS ENTHUSIASTS." Thus, according to his ^* special pleading " of their case, according to the deductions of his logic, the constructions of his Christian charity, and his consistent classification and " list of ivritehs who have laboured in this well-intetl^ tioned work," not only " Justin Martyr, Horn- beck, Limborch, Spanheim, and our own incom-' parable Leslie," are to be stigmatized with the denomination of '' restless enthusiasts," and held up to ridicule or pity as men of " morbid sensibilities;" but to fill up the catalogue of that cloud of witnesses by which the question is encompassed, whether for encouragement or warning, the names of Patrick and Kidder, of Home and of Horsley, should not in justice have been omitted. Being dead, they yet speak^ and that plainly and loudly^ to the point. Their testimony, however, is confirmed and main- tained by two living and distinguished Prelates of our Apostolic Church, who are more than, virtually included by a British Critic and Church Inquisitor in his own indictment, containing, among others, the following charges : 1. Craving after new Projects* i 2. Ill-regulated Benevolence. 3. Deviation from Duty. 4. Morbid Sensibility. 5. Restless Enthusiasm. 6. Religious Speculation. 7. Combination for raising Money. 8. Pomp of petty Legislation, &c. &c. &c. 9 Having assigned to the introductory flou- rish its real import and character, before I am allowed an opportunity of answering for rnyself, I have still many sharp thrusts to parry, pre- viously directed against the Institution which I am called upon to defend. ^-'^ •'^ The Reviewer coinmences ah oro, and so must I. — The Reviewer makes his remarks on the expenditure of the Society, and I have a few to add to them. He opens and shuts the chapel arid the meeting-house after^ his own manner. — He speaks of parties in the church, the accommodation of Jews within its walls', the education of yoiith, the storing up and dis- tributing Bibles, the nature and means of con- version, in a way quite peculiar to himself, the fallacy and unfairness of all which I deem it advisable to expose ; arid as he has done me the honour to throw in my poor Letter with two other articles like a bad lot at an auction, to be knocked down together, I shall take a similar liberty with his remarks, and class them as their value and importance may seem to me to re^ quire. A few words, then, as to the origin and expenditure of the Society. We learri from the Reviewer that it has existed ** ten years,'' but here he stumbles in limine ; the accuracy of this c 10 calculation will be considered in its place (p. 25). I conceive I have taken as much pains to as- certain the exact date of the piimum mobile of thi3 Institution as the Reviewer; and if, on further inquiry, he should succeed in putting the point beyond all possibility of miscon- ception, I shall be truly thankful for the in- formation. The person who carries on to perfec- tion useful and even new projects, is not al- ways, or often, the same as the first projector. The knowledge of the circulation of the blood is not in all its stages attributable to Har- V€y; the claim of Americus to the first disco- very of a western continent has itself been questioned. The river, in which Moses wa^ cradled, and on the banks of which he was in- structed in the learning of the Egyptians, and thus in part qualified to become the deliverer of Israel, concealed from ages and generations the knowledge of its source: and if I may be al- lowed '' parvis componere magna y ' th^ precise date and origin of the Society anterior to its iissumingthe title of London Society for pro- moting Christianity amongst the Jews, will, I. conceive, baffle the researches of future ant i^ quaries. It is a question which may one day be con- sidered of as much importance as many others, on which labour and learning have been spent 11 m vain — but that such an, institution, distracted within ^nd persecuted without, ever sinking cwid never sunk under its various trials, vicissi- tudes, impositions, and oppressions, should have actually existed ten years, and emerge, after such an interval, from such an untoward condi- tion, into, that of order and stabilit}^ consist- ency and credit — that its burdens should be removed, its breaches repaired, its character established beyond the reach of obloquy — that good and pious and able men should have ral-^ lied round it in the moment of its utmost need,^ guided it by their counsel, and maintained it by their firmness, is sufficient to prove the truth of a controverted position, viz. that ** a divine and invisible agency" must have upheld," and finally crowned with success, such visible,; but otherwise hopeless exertions.' I am censured' by the Pteviewer (p. 27), because, according to his misrepresentation of my words, I have f* thought it light to claim for the London Society^ no small portion of the divine favour'' No-» thing is more abhorrent to my feelings and principles than to claim any thing at the hand of God. What he hath freely given through his own grace, I would faithfully acknowledge to his glory. And " no small portion" of favour is that which, overruling evil for good, and educing light from darkness, harmony from 4iscard,^ and ord^r from confusion, preserves c 2 those who serve Him in the fire of temptation and in the evil day, while they who seek them-' selves and not Him even in his own work, are - scattered as dust hefore the wind, or so burned upas to leave them neither root nor branclj. What views of Divine Providence he enter-' taineth, who ventures to condemn and ridicule the avowal I have made, I know not. To su])-- pose that the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob,, has regarded with indifference the conduct oi those who for ten years have been (from what- ever motives) more or less occupied in the con- cerns of his peculiar people — to imagine that the secret counsels of his wisdom are altoge- ther unconcerned in the control of secondary causes, the operation and effect of which are ever subordinate to his will — to assert that " ill the lot of the Jews neither time ?wr chaiice have had power to effect a change " (p. 22) ; and then to denominate the endeavour to pro- mote it " a bad cause, a foolish and unattainable object;'' — to assert, concerning a Society formed with this design, " that the least that can be SAID OF IT is, that IT IS USELESS," and can only ** GRATIFY THE PKUUIENT FANCY OF BRAINSICK ENTHUSIASTS :"— -these are ideas and expressions which, had I found them in the pages of a French Encyclopedia, would not have sur- prised me ; but finding them, as I do, expressed and implied, in the pages of a " British Critic,'' I must confess ihey surpiise and shock mo too. Is a person, who places himself in the. chair of judgment in such a matter, to be reminded how: Hiuch of evil the Almighty has often permitted to exist (for a season at least), in many of his most blessed dispensations to man? Has he \et to learn, even in his own experience, that prosperity and adversity are only what God is pleased to make them; that the issues of either are at his disposal, and produce their opposites at his will ; that the same or similar inference;, m^y result from both? God only knows wba' Is best for societies, as for individuals. Jh-. appointeth unto each their respective trials, ajid they are ever the best and the most apprppric.te.^ . l:But what art thou, O man, who art t' ■> discontented with each dispensation? The adver- sity of a society will not satisfy. thee, though \z regards an outcast and despised people ; the prosperity of a society excites thine indigna- tion, though its object be the diffusion of. the word of life : neither can escape the severity of thy judgment; thou wilt not suffer the ad- vocates of either to give all the glory of their success to God. If their arguments should still fail to have " the least influence over your opinions,'' may their example have some over your conduct! They maintain. with you, that " societies as zvell as individuals are hest.kmxvn by 14 " their fruiU;' ami it: may admit of a question in the most charitable mind, whether yours are altogether those of the Spirit. Without any apology for this apostrophe, but with a sincere prayer that it may not be addressed in vain to the heart and conscience 0f the Reader or Reviewer, I pass on, secondly, to the subject of expenditure and conversion. And here I have anticipated the Reviewer in a remark contained in the Anniversary Sermon for 1817, which I shall take the liberty of transcribing, being not so vain as to imagine that the Reviewer has thought it worthy of a perusal. " The complaint which has gone out against us, that sums have been expended, and iouU are not conmrted, savours rather of the carnal expectation of Simon than the fervent faith of Paul. The Christian casts his bread upon the waters, and leaves it to the providence of Him whose path is in the deep; the spiritual husbandman sows his seed in the morning, and withholds not his hand at eve, in dependence on the sovereign blessing of the Lord of the harvest." This observation is now nearly two years old, and we find the Reviewer giving good occasion for making it a secand time. He tells us in one place (p. 24),^ ** The Society does not to much of its success in making converts." He commends their prudence in 15 refraining frarn such statements; and cei> ta\n\y if thet/ did boasty in making them, they, would justly incuf the censure of alt who know ^oa; real converts are made. But when they do speak with becoming modesty of the proftssion and baptism of Jews both old and young, and of one of each description who have died in the faith (a circumstance deemed iin worthy of notice by the Reviewer*), his complaint then is, that the Report of the So- ciety " does not tell the public how much these several and all similar conversions have cost." The judicious and Christian reader may con- sider of the three ingredients, absurdity^ falsehood, and impiety, composing this asser- tion, which is the most predominant. Is it not absurd to call upon the accountant, or the secretaries, to state the aliquot sums severally to be allotted to each case? Is it not false, that :he. receipt and expenditure of the Society, yjfhh all possible items, are not given, and that annually to the public? Has not the Reviewer bimself calculated, cast up, and stated the sum total ? But who shall presume ta strike a ba- lance for souls? is it not impious to demand J20W muck a conversion has cost? Far be it from ine to justify the nusapplication of a public trast, or to extenuate wilful and idle profusion • ♦ Vide Report X. and Sermon on the Death oif H. Abra- 2 16 in public charities. I have lent all my little aid in this case to put a stop to both. But v^(^such a view of the subject as the above, I cannot but remember that in old time '' there ^vere some that had indignation within them- selves, and said, Why was this waste of the ointment made?" and it may be collected from another passage, that this complaint did not originate from any compassionate feeling to- wards the poor. It was the love of money, and not the love of souls or of God, whicli then dictated the suggestion. I say nothing in denial or defence of actual and admitted de- linquencies, whether of Jews or Christians. The Ileviewer himself allows, that my own Letter ■' contains admissions of the errors and failures of the Society,'^before the period, which he is pleased to term its " regeneration." I readily grant to klm that some of them were as gross and glaring as he or his informers may have found or made them. But I deny '' the infa- tuation of its supporters !" I deprecate the un- fairness of classing, and confounding, and iden- tifying them with others, whose misconduct went nigh to its utter ruin. I claim for these persons their due : their firmness in the adop- tion of decisive measures, their ready contri- butions t6 the relief of so distressing and dis- tressed a cascj, ought to bhield them froqi any participation of indiscrimiuiite censure. 17 ' " *' We wovild speak with tenderness (says tlie aiithor of this article, sheltering himself under" an ambiguous plurality), we would speak with tenderness of those who have hitherto stood most prominent as the managers of the So- ciety." (P. 34.) But where is the tenderness he speaks of ? It was not assuredly in his heart, when he spoke in the preceding page bluntly and by name, of a certain unoffending, how- ' ever offended against, individual, calling his ** intense interest" in behalf of the poor outcast and despised Israelites, ** his whim;"; his statements " a keeping up a delusion;" his "desire to do good," "a religious extrava- gance;" his arguments. in the cause, " various strange positions;" in one place giving him, among others, credit for " an ardent zeal " in the prosecution of designs which the]/ doubt- less (did and do) consider to be " worthy and beneficial;" and in another thinking it neces- sary " to protest against his making a parade of these vagaries,'' O my friends and Christian bretliren, who have prayed and laboured together in this righ- teous cause — if these be " vagaries, and whims, and extravagancies," what are the promises, the prophecies, and the denunciations of Holy Writ? If we are as thus represented, " brainsick en- thumsts"--if our designs be no more than ** prurient fancies/' and we are thus morbid in our Christian sensibilities ; what were the pa* triarchs, what the apostles, what (I ask with reverence at the thought) was He who gave them their commission^ and ordained their Work, who never rested from his own labour of love, whose sensibilities were roused by the anticipation of the calamities impending over Jerusalem, and were most alive to the lost con- dition of its inhabitants in the more than mor- bid moments of his agony ? " The disciple is not above his Master/' And if we are learning of him, let us suffer as well as do his will ; let any woe await us rather than that which would be ours, " when all men shall speak well of us." Let us rather rejoice that we are counted worthy of reproach, and leap for joy, if our names be cast out as evil for the sake of the Son of Man,^ and the salvation of the remnant of his people. 1 shall now proceed to reply to other re* marks of this extraordinary Review with as much order as the loose and desultory way in which they are advanced will allow of. ' The author having expressed his unqualified disapprobation of the Institution itself, endea* VGurs to justify his opinion by a curious detail in wliich the changes and continuances, the management and the managers, efficient and non -efficient, past and present, are iiandied and' disposed of with the same discriminating can- dour observable in the Review throughout' As he does not seem to approve of a Dissent-' ing meeting-house having ever been open in the cause, and expresses a becoming fed ing of any person being employed, even as a teacher, who had ever been found without the pale of th©' Establishment, it may naturally be supposed that he is a staunch Churchman ; but as tar as can be collected from his observations, and the- style in which they are couched, it should seem' that he is still dissatisfied with the positive as- surance, that the one is shut, and the other di^- charged. " The conduct of the cause, he va-^ forms us (p. 32), has indeed been consigned ta members of the Church ; but the principles ox» which it was conducted, had suftered no altera-^ tion" The latter part of this broad and gros« assertion is a mere gratis dictum, for which truth is under no obligation to the Reviewer, as may appear, 1st, from his own statements when duly compared with each other; 2dly, from the new principles made and printed in a spe* cial Report, at the time of the change ; Sdly^ from the plain and admitted fact of the meet- ing-house being immediately shut, to the great loss of the Society then and since, rather than suffh' a violation of those principles. Tlw Reviewer has been pleased to intimate, that tl^e p 2 20 Cliurcliinen concerned were no better, or, as he would have it supposed, no other than Dissent- ers in reaUty, however distinguished by title or office. He tells us (p. 31), that, when ** the meeting-house was shut up, the Rules altered, the Committee recast," under the management of those Churchmen *^ who before had felt no ohjec- tion to the broad basis, the Society was recom- mended to those ** whose pious credulity, &c. had been tolerably well ascertained." Now, all this may suit the Author's views, but it does not square altogether with the true state of tlie case; for the persons who supplied the place of the Dissenters were persons who had be* fore felt such strong objection to the broad basis, that their " good-humoured liberality ■' was never ascertained till the basis was made, too narrow for a Dissenter to stand on, and whose piety is only denominated " credulity" in the Keviewers creed. Many of the most efficient members of the present body refused to belong to it till it was incorporated with the Church of England, till ** the Rules were al-. tered, the Committee recast, and the meeting-: \)ouse shut up." Several Ministers of the Establishment in London, and the whole of the Bristol clergy, formally and unanimously rejected all application made to them for as- aistdnce of any kind, till these pre- requisites WC4C adjusted. This circumstance formed a 31 distinguishing feature in the new sera — a de- cided proof of a new Institution, in which the Reviewer undertakes to show " that little was altered but the namey Now, it so happens, that the name was never altered at all, but re- mained the same as before, till changed by the Anabaptisni of the Reviewer at the top of his page, where it appears " London Society for converthfg the Jews." For this alteration, the Society is wholly indebted to the Reviewer; and as he has thus characterized the new cera hi his new series, may the new name he has been pleased to confer be justified in future, and prove a confirmation of the adage, The simple oil a word in season say. I might possibly not have noticed this mis- nomer, and certainly should have laid no stress upon it in the "pleadings," if a respectable clergyman in my neighbourhood, of the name of Norris, to whom I am indebted for a sight of the Review, had not questioned me very closely, on putting it into my hands, as to the reality of that very title, which he seemed to consider as rather implying too much. L assured him our expectations were not so san- guine, or our professions so bold, as to assume the title he named, however earnest our desires 32. might be that real conversian might in some instances be, through the blessing of God, the result of our labours. On appealing to the Review to ascertain the fact, I found that this "nominal change" had been made by the Reviewer; whether from "pious credulity or good-humoured liberality," I leave to his own consideration, referring him to the words gra- ciously applied to the change " in the List of Managers " (p. 3Q) : " We could not allow any weight to arguments built upon (such) alteratmis, were they as great as Mr. — has chosen to represent them," I shall now take occasion to advert to another alteration, misapprehension, or " strange .position," of the Reviewer, which, if I were to state it at length, would afford a specimen of his best style of argument and coniposition. " It is highly wrought," and yet "homely;" and its least objection is, that it is by no means " authentic." Having stated that " no argument is to be built upon altera- tions io the list of Managers, however great," i e. however respectable these Managers may be, or whatever may be the respect due to their individual rank or character, the Reviewer proceeds : " He (i. e. Mr. Way) has ventured to assure the Right Rev. Prelate whom he ad- dresses (one of the Joint Patrons), that not one 25 present efficient wemher of the new Institutiow had any concern in the primary one." He then informs us, that, by comparisons he has been pleased to make, *' this assertion is not to be understood, au pied de la lettre," but that I am sheltering myself " under a latitudi- narian interpretation of the word ^ efficient ^^'^ though he " knows not" what that shelter is> neither indeed do I; but this I knovv^, that I have no occasion to have recourse to that or any other shelter, having stated a simple^ fact, and, as I imagined, in very plain terms. Whether the Reviewer, in his haste to show his understanding of the French tongue, had for- gotten the construction of English, or whether I had lost the facilities of that language in my *• foreign rambles " to Moscow, the date of which appears " au pied de ma lettre ;" whether, in " bandying compliments in Latin, French, and German to Professors and Postmasters, Rabbis and Russians " (see Review, p. 26), I had forfeited all claim to credit and consist- ency, in addressing a British Prelate in my ver- nacular tongue ; or whether the critic, whose ordeal I have since undergone, fell into a reverie in writing a review, I leave to the determina* tion of the readers of both : but certain it is, that the Reviewer in this particular, as in many pthers, has indulged his fancy in a latitude of statement and expression far beyond the stretch of any known canons of criticism. Without " so stigmatizing all the Vice- Patrons but one" — without ^' reckoning, of necessity, Mr. Lewis Way himself among twelve of the Vice-Presidents " — without "any change of rank in the scale of dignity " — without "judging harshly of all the clerical members of the Committee, and of five of the laity "— without practising " in either case something like deception " — without " dealing unfairly by the Subscribers, or using names as a decoy " — without " disparaging iu3inuation thrown out" —without "the appearance of a libel" on the Society, or " a fraud upon the public "—with- out the smallest apprehension, lest " the ho- nourable mind of the learned Prelate, to whom the Letter is addressed, should shrink from the very idea of being made in any way a party to such a^ representation"—! venture to assure him again, that " not one present efficient Member of the London Society had any concern iu the primary Institution." " Jt first only ten individuals united with one of the Jewish nation, in the formation of a little society called the " City of Refuge." (Vide Letter, p. 7.) S These eleven, as appears by a priuted tract 910W lying before me, came to the following resolution : *' That the Society formed August 4, 1808, under the title of The London Society, for the purpose of visiting and relieving the sick and distressed, and instructing the ignorant, espe- cially such as are of the Jewish Nation, shall henceforth be called * The London Society for promoting Christianity among the Jews.'" The date of this is March 1, 1809. On the 28th of February 1815, a change so radical took place in the Members, prin- ciples, and conduct of the Society, that the Reviewer himself calls it (p. 37) " a funda- mental alteration of its constitution ;" it might fairly be called . u The Reviewer has thought fit to gratify his readers with only one connected sentence from my pamphlet, " in order (as he observes) ta contrast it with a somewhat different version. .-. .- . : jr *'^ *' like a mildevv'd ear, I f^-^' Blasting his wholesome brother.'* iin The Reviewer is pleased to style my narra- tive "highly wrought;" and the least I can do is to " bandy the compliment" back again to himself, with this reservation, that the ingredient of charity, of which mine, I trust, savours in some degree, is by no means to be recognised in his. He has substantiated, at least, two of the positions contained in my Letter, which he can no longer denominate " strange," after his own practical exemplifica- tion : — 1st, "There will always be those at liand who are ready to use incidental circum- stances against the operation of a principle ab- stractedly just and true." 2dly, " A person who stands at a fountain-head may be chiefly occu- pied in observing how much dirt is thrown up by the spring," or determined to cast more into the strcau) ; fie would rake together the ashes of a deceased Society, to throw dust in the eyes of the pubhc, and bUnd them against discern- ing the true character of that which survives and succeeds it. With a propriety which his readers will doubtless admire, he would pre- dict from the misconduct of " a man of dubious morals" the degradation of one who has stood many shocks and trials — from the conduct of one " whose principles, (according to him,) were imbibed wholly from Dissenters," he would infer the non-existence of " consistent Church- men " — from the " caution observed " in the case of ^* an individual who had already at- tracted notice and animadversion," he would exclude, without reason assigned, each successive candidate from ordination. How can he join in the prayer of his church, that God would ** have mercy upon all Jews," when he shows mercy to 7ione? He crosses, as it were, the At- lantic, to exhibit afresh a calendar of charges, avowed and recorded, of one who is not present to defend himself, and instead of expressing a Christian hope that such delinquency may there be followed by repentance unto life, he turns accuser of the brethren in general, and scatters ** disparaging insinuation " in the path of every future missionary, whose failure he would fain promote by every means within his reach. If he fear that ie.vif "real Christians have $0 ht6n or will be made by this Institution," I freely confess that I have *' yet to learn what advantage the Church of England will gain from his exertions," while slie teaches us (in conformity with the Word of God) that " all our doings without charity are nothing worth," Having admitted that ** the errors and THE FAULTS OF ITS AGENTS MAY BE, AND PER- JJAPS HAVE BEEN, EXAGGERATED BY THOSE WHOM FEELINGS OF rERSONAL DISAPPOINTMEMT OR THIS OPIUISI THEOLOGICUM HAVE ARMED AGAINST IT" (p. 27); he abundantly strengthens the con- cession by the whole tenour of his arguments and by his positive assertions, — He then says, *^ Let the misrepresentations and mistatements be publicly and speedily proved." In com- pliance with his request and challenge, I lost no time in preparing a public exposition of his gratuitous exaggeration, but I could not effect my purpose -^ speedily." I find him in the next Review pubhshed when this is dated, anxiously collecting every ray of scattered obloquy, and concentrating their baneful influence in the focus of his own publication : for, if I mistake not, in the panegyrist of *U Churchman's second Epistle," I clearly discover the choice characteristics of the Reviewer of my Letter to a Bishop. If this be not " vra'C it is at. least ♦* vra'mmhlabk'' — ^There is as much identity of 31 character apparent in the two Reviews as ther'^ is congeniality of sentiment between the Re- view of the Churchman and the Church Re- viewer. ** We are convinced," says the latter (in his assumed plurality), " that there is not d line in the poem before us which a candid, and, to use our author's expression, * a seriously and soberly pious mind would wish unwritten/'* ' Begging pardon of the Reviewer and the Reviewed, we beg leave to suggest as an ex- ception, to prove the justice of this compre- hensive rule, the reconsideration of the fol^ lowing lines (p. 64), on wliich we accidentally- dipped t '* Thus ill that other ark whose weary breast On flooded Ararat's tall summit prcss'd, Clean and unclean together, side by side Growl*d, grunted, squeakM, and gabbled o'er the tide*** However such nonsense may please a §winish multitude, is it possible for a serious, a so* ber, or a pious mind to read it without lament* ing that it should ever have been written by a " Churchman;" or that, once written, it should remain unburnt? To find one of the most sacred emblems of Christ's mystical body used in such an illus* 3i2 tratioii, in times distinguished, like those of Noali, for mocking at all that is serious and all that is soher, and that hy the author of " Re- ligio Clerici," must lead a reflecting mind to invert the application of a part of his own motto, " Grandius est periculum quam credunt mulli." " This learned divine appears to have (unintentionally) made use of a figure (vide note) which may he called ex-post-facto anti- cipation." Such writers and such reviewers within the pale of such a church as ours, only show that, like the ark of old, it contains a great diversity of inmates. — Some may growl and others grunt, one may squeak and another gabble, but Noahs alone find grace at last. .? Notwithstanding the Reviewer's unqualified approbation, we would venture to hint that this Churchman's knowledge of divinity is nearly equalled by liis sense of decency; for proof of which we would appeal to lines 480 and 490 inclusive, and to a line preceding that, which is made a peg to hang the note upon, which the British Critic has so greedily caught at as an" 5ftvaluable accession to Ins Jewish Repository, The Reviewer having adopted the views of '' Religio Clerici" in toto, and the note in parti- cular, we shall leave the Churchman and re- turn to the Critic, enriched as he now is with mks " selected at random," on which, as he declines the office of commentator, a few re- marks shall be added; for the notes contain so much curious matter, that, " indeed, they speak a language which is (not) sufficiently intelligible without the aid of an interpreter." Vide Brit. Crit. New Series, February 1819, p. 197. The Churchman, confirmed by the testi- mony of the Reviewer, from the hearsay evi- dence of their friend and colleague Mr. Goak- man, assert as follows : — " Hyam Isaacs, the ex-pickpocket, when last heard of, was under the tuition of the Rev. Lewis Way." The Rev. Lewis Way pleads that Hyam Isaacs was never under his tuition in his life, and that it is not his business to give instructions in that art. ' The Reviewer asserts that " the Rev. Au- thor of the Letter found to his cost, that a converted Jew gains no very clear ideas of Christian honesty from the process, having de- tected these hopeful children of grace and the new light in levying contributions upon his silver spoons." The Rev. Author asserts that Jews can gain no very clear ideas of Christian veracity* F from this charge, the sdme being totally de- void of truthx The Churchman and the Reviewer call Mr. Goakinan " a simple-hearted man, of Avhom the Society made a tool." This simple-hearted man made a tool of the Society, left them with considctable arrears of debt, and then endeavoured to repair his finances by his *' Expose." The Churchman, in the note already al-» hided to (2d Epistle, p. 17), cites from Mr. Way's Letter, page S 6, the following extract:—^ " He (Mr. Way) drank often out of the same cup, and bowed most respectfully." This is called by the Churchman " a very ingenious expedient ;" and truly, a very ingenious ex- pedient it is, thus to distort a passage cited with inverted commas ; on reference to the original^ it stands as follows:^—" What refreshments I had I divided among them, and they all bowxd very respectfully as thei/ drank out of the same glass." By this it appears that he (Mr. Way) neither drank often nor bowed at all. He begs, however, to make his congc^ to the Churchinaii for his obliging insinuation. 35 The Chiircliman asserts (p. i8) that ^'Mr, Solomon deserted his Israelitish wjfe witlioiil signing the necessary writing of divorce." Mr, S. proposed to remain at Hamburgh with his wife, provided she wpuld allow him the free exercise of his religion. On her re- fusing to live with \iim on anj/ terms, unless he made a formal renunciation of Christianity, and attended the synagogue, the necessary writing of divorce was ^signed. The Reviewer asserts, that when tlie new " aera commenced," 1815, " the royal patron- age which had been obtained (was) withheld." The truth of this assertion will appear from the fallowing official extract from the " Mi- nutes " of the Society :i — London Society for promoting Christianity among the Jews, At a Special General Meeting held at Free- masons' Tavern, 28th February 1815^ Thomas Babingtok, Esq. M. P. in the Chiair; The Chairman opened the business by in- formimg tlie Meeting that the Subscribeis were assembled by public advertisement to con* «ider of some proposals and new reo;ulations . F 2 36 which are deemed expedient, and called upon Lewis Way, Esq. who reported as follows : 'That in compliance with the direction of the Committee of the London Society, held on the 21st February 1815, the deputation had w\T-ited upon His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent, on Thursday, the 23d instant, according to appointment. - His Royal Highness received them in the most gracious manner, and was pleased to ex- press himself on the occasion to the following effect : That as a friend to religious liberty, on its broadest basis, he had often felt a wish that the London Society had been placed under the protection of some person who could have more fully coincided in sentiment with its most zealous supporters : but that on the present oc- casion, considering the difficulties in which the Society is involved, the liberal proposal made in the Resolutions of the Dissenters, and the pressure of debt which would be devolved on those to whom the management of the Society should be consigned, His Royal Highness did not feel himself under any obligation to with- draw his patronage, on account of the proposed arrangement, but that under immediate circum- 57 stances, the Committee would understand that it had received his sanction. A Report, prepared for the occasion, was then read, and among the Resolutions passed, was the following : XL That the most respectful thanks ' of this ]\feeting be presented to His Royal High- ness the Duke of Kent, for his gracious con- descension in continuing to be Patron of this Society under its new constitution. The above is a correct extract from an ori- ginal Minute-book of this Society, by me, ALEX. LOUIS FEUILLADE, Clerk to the Society. And now, O Reviewer, having adverted as speedily and as shortly as possible, to the charges made by yourself and other " avowed enemies of the Society," I turn " to the state- ments of its zealous friends," of whom it is superfluous to profess myself one ; but with- out dwelling on the " rational ground of hope which they afford us," I denounce in their name, and my own, all future attempts to con- found them and their present endeavours with any past transactions — and hereby give you notice, that all such retrospective obloquy will be regarded by us and all candid observers, as the mere ebullition of uncharitableness, and the very superfluity of injustice. The dismission of immoral or "weak instruments," proves that we are not indifferent to the character of the agents in our sacred cause, and affords a pledge that «uch will not be employed by us. The removal of the incumbrances entailed upon us, when we undertook the management of the Institution, proves that we have redeemed the pledge once given to our Royal Patron. His Honourable and Right Reverend successors in' that office afford, it should be thought, a suf- ficient guarantee for the fidelity of our engage- ment on the point of Church discipline and order. The extraordinary coincidence of se- veral similar institutions abroad, however " vaguely Mr. Way speaks (in the course of a single letter) on the state of the continental Jews;" tlie remarkable opening, expressly made to the operations of our " useless" Society throughout the Russian dominions, are of them- selves sufficient ** to satisfy an inquiring mind," that youf yiew of the subject is partial, irrele- VADit, and marvellously inconsistent with ex- isting circumstances. That a Professor at Deventer, like other Hebrew Professors in other universities, gives notice of his lectures; that a Rabbi at Posen isf civil, a postmaster at Polangen polite, or the Berlin Jews disciples of Mendelshom, are not the only facts detailed in his Letter and Ap- pendix, or the only " encouraging circum- stances from which a successful termination of the Society's labours may be anticipated." R cannot be said of you, '* nullum non tetigit;'' however, in a certain sense, it may be averred, "nullum quod tetigit non ornavit," having given y<^ilf own colour to each topic you have men- tioned, having endeavoured to blow up the em-* bers of every smothered objection, you can find no "incidental remarks" to " redeem" the Insti- tution, or my Letter, from what you are pleased to call, in another place, ^our " sweeping clause of condemnation." You would brush the whole away by the besom of contempt, as easily as 7/ou " know it is to sweep the streets of hungry and ragged cliildren, and to detain them for a tinie by good food, new clothes, and sugared words." Of the latter. Reverend or respected Sir, you have given me very few or none. I beg pardon : — in page 26, you or " we entertain no doubt, either of the piety or the j^eal of the reverend author ;" you estimate the latter by the fact, that *' none of the untoward accidents which have occurred have yet damped his ar- dour, or checked his exertions," — " cheated 4iid robbed, as ho has been at home," — " wan- deimg (as he has) over the continent of Eu- rope," and returned, as he is (as announced in your note, p. 26), to review his native land and its reviewers. He begs to assure you, that the *' flints and pebbles," which you have unto- wardly strewn in his " road of duty," will not induce him to '* travel out of it" an inch^ Even " your principal objection to his mission" has no weight in his sight. Even " through the medium of his own pamphlet" (of which a second edition has been long and loudly called for, the first being disposed of in Oc- tober last), he will still endeavour to " inte- rest the public in favour of a Society," which» to say the least of it, can never be " useless " while one lost sheep of the house of Israel is yet wandering on the dark mountains of un- belief, and incapable of returning by himself to the Shepherd and Bishop of souls. " The eulogiums of newspapers " and the maledictions of Reviews, the patronage of a Prince, and the persecution of a Church- man, are deemed by him incidental circum- stances, on the right and on the left, of little comparative moment. — " By honour and ^ dishonour — by evil report and good report " — he will most pertinaciously endeavour to keep in motion the '' complicated machinery" of this "important Imtitution," to guard 41 it from injury without and from abuse within, to prove both by pen and pulpit, by word and by work, at home and abroad, that incalculable " good can rationally be expected to result from all this exertion and expenditure:" that " from the instrumentality of (precisely) such an association as this," the revival of Hebrew lite- rature — the better understanding of the Old Tes- tament Scriptures — the elucidation of prophecy — the restoration of the word of God to the de- scendants of those to whom we are indebted for its possession and enjoyment, the excitement of the Christian world in behalf of their Jewish brethren, concerning whom we are verily guilty, are consequences of no very remote ex- pectation : that if any converts be made b}^ it^ they will be converted upon " principles which the Church of England can sanction and ap- prove," or must disavow and renounce her ozm: finally, that such '' success has already attended the plan, as should encourage reasonable men to give it further support." (P. 34.) What reasonable man could expect that the strong holds of Jewish infidelity should give way to \}ne first intimations of a Saviour, whom Jews by profession despise? What person of this denomi nation could imagine that much intercourse with a people proverbially fraudu- lent should be carried on, without the occur- o 4S rciice of instances of deceit— that no Immorali- ties should be committed by persons who make void their own law by trade as well as tradi- tion? Such expectations would be proved on experience to be no more than " prurient fan-r cies, and brainsick delusion ;" but to abandon on such grounds all further plans of reforma- tion, woukf be to give place to the devil, instead of putting to silence the ignorance of foolish men by patient continuance in well- doing. The Reviewer, who can see nothing but delusion, deception, and stock-jobbing in the objects of the Society, or in thestalenients con- cerning it, discovers the truth at last in rather a curioub place and manner, though, after all, the discovery seems to amount only to a suspi- don, and well might that be siispecttd, which cpmeth from Mr. Abrahams, a Jew, with whom the very name of a convert to Christianity is sufficient to ex:cite an odium, even exceeding in degree that which has been denominated ** the- ologicum:' '' Mr. Abrahams, we suspect, has stated t/ie truth, when he asks what have they bought with their money, hut deception?'' The Reviewer then requests the friends of the cause to adopt and act on the advice of the £ai(i Mr. Abrahams; and by a v^^^ov tt^ots^ov, or tjome other rhetorical ligure known but to 43 liimself, he calls on Christidn ministers to receive the following advice of the "hostile Jew*' as *' an Evangelical precept/' seeing that on high authority the}^ are required " first and principally to do good to the household of faith/V The advice is this—** Let me recom- mend you, says he (Mr. Abrahams, the hostile Jew), to xvkhliold your light from its, and bes tow- it xvherc'\X is more required ;''^— and where is that? On the household of faith. — Thus, according to the Reviewer, as well as the Jew, the latter as- serting, and the former consenting to the fact, the household of faith,, or Christian church (nominally), is in greater darkness than the poor benighted Jews, and they within the house need not be recommended Xowithhold their light, foy, while they admit and hold fast such opinions, they have little or none to bestow. If this be sophistical reasoning, the reader is requested to .take in lieu thereof the inference drawn by the Reviewer himself; in his own words it stands thus : " Of this we are sure, that the readiest ;^ode of recommending Christianity to those wdio are ivithouty is to rectify the opinions and conduct of those who are uithin. When our Je- rusalem is built as a city that is at unity in it- self, then the Jews and Gentiles may be ex- pected to flow into it." Now this is truly the vg^^ov Ti'^oTs^ov; for, if we are to suspend all pro- motton of Christianity among the Jews till our 44 owu Church shall be altogether of one mind, and all " dissensions pacifiedj" I for one would re- sign all expectation of their conversion at an^/ timCy and I certainly should not prefer the pre- sent moment as the proper season for commen- cing the attempt. Truly do I concur with the Reviewer in the desire of unity, and in en- forcing the obligation upon Ministers to pro- mote it; but as to the means, we diiFer as widely as on many other points. The Jews are an integral and essential part of Christ's mys- tical body ; God is both able and willing to re- store them to it, and their recovery will be life from the dead, to the Gentile members thereof (Eph.ii.and Rom. xi.); but till God shall gather together in one, both Jews and Gentiles in Christ, as Christ hath made both one, and hath broken down the middle wall of partition be- tween us to make in himself of twain one new man (Eph. ii), we shall never be builded toge- ther as a city at unity in itself. The argument of the Reviewer, such as it is, is precisely the argument of the Berlin Jew, whose letter to me on the subject is printed m the Appendix to the publication which he has reviewed. This curious coincidence in opinion between two Jews and a British Critic, leads to the mevitable conclusion, that, having equal light upon the subject, they see it precisely in 4 45 the same point of view. My opinion is to he found in the same Appendix, containing pos- sibly some of the " various strange positions" hinted at, but not commented upon, by the Re- viewer. Finally, says he, " our Zion must first be established in the beauty of holiness; her breaches repaired, her wounds liealed, her dis- sensions pacified, her pure doctrine asserted, her Apostolic discipline restored to its due authority, before the great work of Jewish or of Gentile conversion can be successfully carried on, or they whose first duty is owed to her, can con- sistently or blamelessly devote their time or fa- culties to such an undertaking." With this notable argument ends the Review, and with a few remarks to expose its fallacy, I shall bid adieu to the Reviewer, his remarks, and his consistencies — " Servabit ad imum qualis ab incepto :" let us compare beginning and ending. The Review closes with an assertion, that, under existing circumstances, no Churchmen espe- cially ** can consistently or blamelessly devote their time or faculties to such undertakings." He thus distinguishes the present period (the most favourable, perhaps, since the days of the Apo- stles) from " EVERY AGE OF THE CHURCH," Uudcr which, in continued succession (though without the same prospect of success), he informs us. 46 ^ at the begrnning (p.. 23), *^ many pious am! learned men have considered it their duty to devote a portion of their time and abilities,'' even to promote, Christianity among Jews. So much for blame 3.r\d consistency : to whom they res [>ec- tively belong, shall be left to the judgment of . the candid and discerning reader. . But some- what more is included in this *^ strange posi- tion :" the premises are too wide for the infer- ence he would draw against the London So- ciety ; they embrace, as he has laid them down, not only all Bible and Missionary In- stitutions of modern date; but, according to -him, the venerable Society of Bartlett's Build- ings should inmiediately discontinue all ope- rations abroad, till it has settled its own and other internal dissensions. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts should apply to ths Chancellor or the Crown for liberty, during the time specified^ to apply its income to the pacifi- cation of domestic divisions. And whereas, by a special power in King William's charter, " it shall and may be lawful for them and their suc- cessors, to change, break, alter, and make new the seal of the said society from time to time, and at their pleasure, as they sh^U think best" (vide Charter, p. 23); it would be advisable to substitute for that now in use, an appropriate 47. device, witli the inscription, ** Unitatis Eccl. Angl. Sigilliim, 181^." When this consum- mation, so devoutly to be wished, shall be at- tained, the original seal might be restored, and the said Society "consistently and blamelessly devote their time and faculties to their (former) undertaking." This and many similar absurdities in the course of the Review, did not appear to me to deserve a more serious answer than I have given. As the Reviewer approves of nothing, and misrepresents almost every thing concern- ing what he is pleased to call my " favourite Institution," I shrewdly suspect my reply and defence will not conciliate his favour, either to it or me. As he condemns the rise, and would impede the progress, as he blames the conti- nuance, and would fain anticipate the decline of the cause, if he likes not my levity, I beg him to pardon my gravit}^ when I gravely and truly assure him, that there is no one whose ^* opinions and conduct" within the Church I would sooner rectify than his own. I would beg of him not to open again " wounds healed" and "• breaches repaired," not to foment anew ** pacified dissensions" — not to load the second Society with the faults of the first — not to adopt or circulate the hisinuation of his admired friend tlie " Churchman," in his " Second 4^ ppistle," who having spoken of the original Institution as -' the bubble which has at length burst," says, " a second Society of the same kind has sprupg up, and, as yet, has not been exploded^ I challenge the Churchman to prove the first position, and trust the Reviewer will now admit the second. The present Institution being in confor- mity with the prayers of the Reformers, and countenanced by the patronage of the Bishops of our Church, "her pure doctrine" wilj as- suredly be " asserted," and her " apostolic discipline" observed. May Churchmen hence- forth view and review our conduct, and if there be any thing in our proceed'mgs contrary to either, let them stand forth and prove it; — r not as " promoters of division," but as " guar- dians of unity," a^ the " very ministers of the Church ;" which, having prayed for centuries, in behalf of " the remnant of the true Israel- ites," is at length aroused by a providential call and a sense of imposing duty to endeavour to ** remove the ignorance " of the Jews by every practicable and lawful means of instruction, to soften the " hardness of their hearts," by lay- ing aside inordinate hostility and unchristian prejudice; desirous to show them the danger of abiding in unbelief, and continuing in " con- tempt of God's Word and commandment." 49 She puts into their hands the new and better covenant, of which we are the depositaries, with a firm expectation, and a fervent prayer, that God, in his own time, will bless the means of his own appointment; that, having planted in faith and watered in love, God will at length give the increase; that he will re- member his covenant with Abraham his friend, and gather his posterity into that one fold over which there is but one Shepherd ; where the sower and the reaper shall rejoice together, and Jerusalem be built as a city that is at peace in itself. Let Churchmen and Critics read their Bibles, and review themselves by that criterion, and then let them write "Epistles" or what they will; let them be less ready with their censures in public, and more frequent in their prayers in private, as good King William wast this is the revolution and this the reformation wanted: Religio Ecclesi^ may thus become " Religio Clerici." The Protestant cause and succession would have nothing to apprehend from Puritans within or Papists without : — " OUR ZiON WOULD HERSELF BE ESTABLISHED IX THE BEAUTY OF HOLINESS," and become the praise and joy of the earth. 50 For the private use of those who deem ex- tempore prayer enthusiastic, I would here sub- join a printed and sound form of words, and to those who have no relish for the prayers of a Church, I would fain recommend the prayer of a King ; convinced, as I am, that any one who will use it, as I have done since writing the above, will follow the example of Christ, according to the admonition of our Christian poet, " And when rovil'd by others, pray for them.'* COWPER. 5i KING WILLIAM'S PRAYER An humble Intercession with God for all Man- ki7id;for the whole Christian Church, andnwre particularly for that Part of it which is plant- ed in these Kingdoms. 'to' " I, thine unworthy servant, desire hmii* bly to intercede with thee, the God and Father of all, for all mankind, that thou wouldest be pleased to have compassion upon their blindness and ignorance, their gross errors, and their wicked practices. Send forth, I beseech thee, thy light and thy truth to scatter that tliick darkness which covers the nations and overspreads so great a part of the world; that thy way may be known upon earth, and thy saving health among all nations. Bless and preserve thy Church dispersed over the face of the earth ; restore to it unity and concord in th« acknowledgment of the truth and the practice of righteousness ancf good- H a 52 ness. Remove out of it all errors and cor- ruptions, all offences and scandals, all divi- sions and dissensions, all tyranny and usurp- ation over the minds and consciences of men; that they who profess the same faith may no longer persecute and destroy one another, but^ may be kind and tender-hearted one towards another, as it becomes brethren, and those that are heirs of the same common salvation. I be- seech thee more especially to be merciful to that part of thy Church which thou hast planted in these kingdoms. Pity the dis- tractions and heal the breaches of it. Purge out of it all impiety and profaneness ; take away those mistakes and mutual exasperations which cause so much distemper and disturb- ance, and restore to it piety and virtue, peac^ and charity. Endue the pastors and governors of it with the spirit of true religion and good- ness, and make them zealous and diligent to promote it in those who are under their in- struction and care. 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