The Bradford A. Booth Collection in English and American Literature MODERN ENGLISH BOOKS OF POWER MODERN ENGLISH BOOKS OF POWER "A GOOD BOOK Is THE PRECIOUS LIFE-BLOOD OF A MASTER SPIRIT, EMBALMED AND TREASURED UP ON PURPOSE TO A LIFE BEYOND LIFE." MILTON; AREOPAGITICA ILLUSTRATED BARSE & HOPKINS NEW YORK NEWARK N. Y. N. J. Copyright, 1911 by BARSE & HOPKINS The articles in this book appeared originally in the Sunday book-page of the San Francisco Chronicle. The privilege of reproducing them here is due to the courtesy of M. H. de Young, Esq. TO AMERIQUE WHOSE LOVE AND ENCOURAGEMENT HELPED ME TO WRITE THIS BOOK CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 5x THE VITAL QUALITY IN LITERATURE .... xi To Get the Spiritual Essence of a Great Book One Must Study the Man Who Wrote It The Man Is the Best Epitome of His Message. MACAULAY'S ESSAYS IN EUROPEAN HISTORY . . 3 Foremost English Essayist His Style and Learning Have Made Macaulay a Favorite for Over a Half Century. SCOTT AND His WAVERLEY NOVELS .... 1 1 Greatest Novelist the World Has Known Made History Real and Created Charafters That Will Never Die. CARLYLE AS AN INSPIRER OF YOUTH .... 20 Finest English Prose Writer His Best Books, Past and Present, Sartor Resartus and the French Revolution. DE QUINCEY AS A MASTER OF STYLE .... 30 He Wrote the Confessions of an English Opium-Eater Dreamed Dreams and Saw Visions and Pidtured Them in Poetic Prose. CHARLES LAMB AND THE ESSAYS OF ELIA . . . 38 Best Beloved of All the English Writers Quaintest and Tenderest Essayist Whose Work Appeals to All Hearts. DICKENS, THE FOREMOST OF NOVELISTS ... 47 More Widely Read Than Any Other Story -Teller The Greatest of the Modern Humorists Appeals to the Readers of AH Ages and Classes. THACKERAY, GREATEST MASTER OF FICTION . . 56 The Most Accomplished Writer of His Century Tender Pathos Under an Affeftation of Cynicism and Great Art in Style and Characters. CONTENTS PAGE CHARLOTTE BRONTE': HER Two GREAT NOVELS 66 Jane Eyre and VUlette are Touched With Genius The Tragedy of a Woman's Life That Resulted in Two Stories of Passionate Revolt Against Fate. GEORGE ELIOT AND HER Two GREAT NOVELS . 76 Adam Bede and The Mill on the Floss Her Early Stories Are Rich in Character Sketches, With Much Humor and Pathos. RUSKIN, THE APOSTLE OF ART 87 Art Critic and Social Reformer Best Books Are Modern Painters, The Seven Lamps and The Stones of Venice. TENNYSON LEADS THE VICTORIAN WRITERS . . 96 A Poet Who Voiced the Aspirations of His Age Lor/b/ O f Z PRINCE OF MODERN STORY-TELLERS be called a masterpiece because of the author's inability to finish his novels as he planned them. Lack of patience or want of sustained creative power invariably made him cut short his novels or end them in a way that exasperates the reader. Some months Stevenson spentin Califor- nia, but this State, with its romantic history and its singular scenic beauty, appeared to have little influence on his genius. In facl, locality seemed not to color the work of his imagination. His closing years were spent in Somoa, a South Sea Island para- dise, in which he reveled in the primitive conditions of life and recovered much of his early zest in physical life. Yet his best work in those last years dealt not with the palm-fringed atolls of the Pacific, but with the bleak Scotch moors which refused him a home. In his letters he dwells on the curious obsession of his imagination by old Scotch scenes and characters, and on the day of his death he dictated a chapter of Weir of Hermiston, a romance of the picturesque period of Scotland which had in it the elements of his best work. It is idle to deny that Stevenson appeals only to a limited audience. Despite his keen interest in all kinds of people, he [127] MODERN ENGLISH BOOKS OF POWER lacked that sympathetic touch which brings large sales and wide circulation. About the time of his death his admirers declared he would supersede Scott or Dickens; but the seventeen years since his death have seen many changes in literary reputations. Ste- venson has held his own remarkably well. As a man the interest in him is still keen, but of his works only a few are widely read. Among these the first place must be given to Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, partly because of the profound impression made upon the public mind by the dramatization of this tale, and partly because it appeals strongly to the sense of the mystery of conflicting personality. Next to this is 'Treasure Island, one of the best romances of adventure ever written. Readers who cannot feel a thrill of genuine terror when the blind pirate Pew comes tapping with his cane have missed a great pleasure. One-legged John Silver, in his cheerful lack of all the ordi- nary virtues, is a character that puts the fear of death upon the reader. The open- ing chapter of this story is one of thefinest things in all the literature of adventure. Of Stevenson's other work the two Scotch stories, Kidnaped and David Balf our, [128] O S < o 2 n f PRINCE OF MODERN STORY-TELLERS always seemed to me to be among his best. The chapter on the flight of David and Allan across the moor, the contest in play- ing the pipes and the adventures of David and Catriona in Holland these are things to read many times and enjoy the more at every reading. Stevenson, like Jack Lon- don, is a writer for men; he could not draw women well. When he brings one in there O is usually an end of stirring adventure, just as London spoiled Tike Sea Wo/f*whh his literary heroine. Of Stevenson's short stories the finest are The Pavilion on the Links, a tale of Sici- lian vengeance and English love that is full of haunting mystery and the deadly fear of unknown assassins; Markheim, a brilliant example of this author's skill in laying bare the conflict of a soul with evil and its ulti- mate triumph; 'The Sire de Maletroit's Door^ a vivid picture of the cruelty and the auto- cratic power of a great French noble of the fifteenth century, and A Lodging for the Nighty a remarkable defense of his life by the vagabond poet, Villon. Other short stories by Stevenson are worth careful study, but if you like these I have men- tioned you will need no guide to those which strike your fancy. [129] MODERN ENGLISH BOOKS OF POWER The vogue of Stevenson's essays will last as long as that of his romances; for he excelled in this literary art of putting his personality into familiar talks with his reader. He ranks with Lamb and Thack- eray, Washington Irving and Donald G. Mitchell. Read those fine short sermons, Puhis et Umbra, and Aes Trip/ex, the latter with its eloquent picture of sudden death in the fulness of power which was realized in Stevenson's own fate. Read Books Which Have Influenced Me, A Gossip on Romance and 'Talk and ^Talkers. They are unsur- passed for thought and feeling and for brilliancy of style. But above everything looms the man himself a chronic invalid, who might well have pleaded his weakness and constant pains as an excuse for idleness and railings against fate. Stoic courage in the strong is a virtue, but how much greater the cheerful courage that laughs at sickness and pain! Stevenson writing in a sickbed stories and essays that help one to endure the blows of fate is a spectacle such as this world has few to offer. So the man's life and work have come to be a constant inspiration to those who are faint-hearted, a call to arms of all one's courage and devotion. THOMAS HARDY AND His TRAGIC TALES OF WESSEX GREATEST LIVING WRITER OF ENGLISH FICTION BECAUSE OF RESENTMENT OF HARSH CRITICISMS THE PROSE MASTER TURNS TO VERSE. No one will question the assertion that Thomas Hardy is the greatest living English writer of fiction, and the pity of it is that a man with so splendid an equipment for writing novels of the first rank should have failed for many years to give the world any work in the special field in which he is an acknowledged master. Hardy seems to have revolted from certain harsh criti- cism of his last novel, Jude the Obscure, and to have determined that he would write no more fiction for an unappreciative world. So he has turned to the writing of O verse, in which he barely takes second rank. It is one of the tragedies of literature to think of a man of Hardy's rank as a MODERN ENGLISH BOOKS OF POWER novelist, who might give the world a sec- ond Tess or The Return of the Native, contenting himself with a ponderous poem like The Dynasts, or wasting his powers on minor poems containing no real poetry. Hardy's best novels are among the few in English fiction that can be read again and again, and that reveal at every reading some fresh beauties of thought or style. The man is so big, so genuine and so un- like all other writers that his work must be set apart in a class by itself. Were he not so richly endowed his pessimism would be fatal, for the world does not favor the novelist who demands that his fiction should be governed by the same hard rules that govern real life. In the work of most novelists we know that whatever harsh fate may befall the leading characters the skies will be sunny before the story closes, and the worthy souls who have battled against malign destiny will receive their reward. Not so with Hardy. We know when we begin one of his tales that tragedy is in store for his people. The dark cloud of destiny soon obscures the heavens, and through the lowering storm the victims move on to the final scene in which the wreck of their fortunes is completed. THOMAS HARDY A PORTRAIT WHICH BRINGS OUT STRIKINGLY THE MAN OF CREATIVE POWER, THE ARTIST, THE PHILOSOPHER AND THE POET HARDY AND His WESSEX TALES Literary genius can work no greater miracle than this to make the reader accept as a transcript of life stories in which gen- erous, unselfish people are dealt heavy blows by fate, while the mean-souled, sor- did men and women often escape their just deserts. Hardy is not unreligious; he is simply and frankly pagan. Yet he differs from the classical writers in the fact that he is keenly alive to all the strong influ- ences of nature on a sympathetic mind, and he is also a believer in the power of romantic love. No one has ever equaled Hardy in mak- ing the reader feel the living power of trees and other objects of nature. You can not escape the influence of his scenic effects. These are never theatrical in fact they seem to form a vital part of every story. The scenes of all his novels are laid in his native Dorsetshire, which he has thinly disguised under the old Saxon name of Wessex. In Far From the Madding Crowd Hardy first demonstrated the tremendous possibilities of rural scenes as a vital back- ground for a story, but in I'he Return of the Native he actually makes Egdon heath the most absorbing feature of the book. All the characters seem to take life and coloring: o [ J 33] MODERN ENGLISH BOOKS OF POWER from this heath, which has in it the potency of transforming characters and of wrecking lives. And in T'ess the peaceful, rural scenes appear to accentuate the tragedy of the heroine's unavailing struggles against a fate that was worse than death. Hardy's parents intended him for the church, but the boy probably gave some indications of his pagan cast of mind, for they finally compromised by apprenticing him to an ecclesiastical architect. In this calling the youth worked with sympathy and ability; the results of this training may be seen in the perfection of his plots and in his fondness for graphic description of churches and other picturesque buildings. One curious feature of this training may be seen in Hardy's sympathy and rever- ence for any church building. As Professor William Lyon Phelps very aptly says of Hardy: "No man to-day has less respect for God and more devotion to his house." The antipathy of Hardy to any kind of publicity has kept the facts of his life in the background, but it is an open secret that much of the longing of Jude for a col- lege education was drawn from his own boyhood. It is also a matter of record that as a boy he served as amanuensis for ['34] HARDY AND His WESSEX TALES many servant maids, writing the love let- ters which they dictated. In this way, before he knew the real meaning of sex and the significance of life he had obtained a deep insight into the nature of women, which served him in good stead when he came to draw his heroines. All his women are made up of mingled tenderness and caprice, and though female critics of his work may claim that these traits are over- drawn, no man ever feels like dissecting Hardy's women, for the reason that they are so charmingly feminine. One may fancy that Hardy took great delight in his architectural work, for it required many excursions to old churches in Dorsetshire to see whether they were worth restoring. When he was thirty-one Hardy decided to abandon architecture for fiction. His first novel, Desperate Remedies, was crude, but it is interesting as showing the novelist in his first attempts to reveal real life and character. His second book, Under the Greenwood T'ree, is a charming love story, and A Pair of Blue Eyes was a forerunner of his first great story, Far From the Madding Crowd. It may have been the title, torn from a line of Gray's Elegy, or the novelty of the tale, in which English MODERN ENGLISH BOOKS OF POWER rustics were depicted as ably as in George Eliot's novels, that made it appeal to the great public. Whatever the cause, the book made a great popular hit. I can recall when Henry Holt brought it out in the pretty Leisure Hour series in 1875. Three years later Hardy produced his finest work, The Return of the Native. He followed this with more than a dozen novels, among which may be mentioned The Mayor of Caster bridge t The Woodlanders, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, and Jude the Obscure. In taking up Hardy one should begin with Far From the Madding Crowd. The story of Bathsheba Everdene's relations with her three lovers, Sergeant Troy, Bold- wood and Gabriel Oak, moves one at times to some impatience with this charming woman's frequent change of mind, but she would not be so attractive or so natural if she were not so full of caprice. His women all have strong human passion, but they are destitute of religious faith. They adore with rare fervor the men whom they love. In this respect Bathsheba is like Eustacia, Tess, Marty South or Lady Constantine. Social rank, education or breeding does not change them. Evidently Hardy believes women are made to charm and comfort [136] HARDY AND His WESSEX TALES man, not to lead him to spiritual heights, where the air is thin and chill and kisses have no sweetness. In his first novel Hardy lightened the tragedy of life with rare comedy. These comic interludes are furnished by a choice collection of rustics, who discuss the affairs of the universe and of their own township with a humor that is infectious. In this work Hardy surpasses George Eliot and all other novelists of his day, just as he surpasses them all in such wholesome types of country life as Giles Winterbourne and Marty South of he Woodlanders. No pathos is finer than Marty's unselfish love for the man who cannot see her own rare spirit, and nothing that Hardy has written is more powerful than Marty's lament over the grave of Giles: "Now, my own, my love, "she whispered, "you are mine, and on'y mine, for she has forgot 'ee at last, although for her you died. But I whenever I get up I'll think of 'ee, and whenever I lie down I'll think of 'ee. Whenever I plant the young larches I'll think none can plant as you planted; and whenever I split a gad, and whenever I turn the cider-wring, I'll say none could do it like you. If I forget your name, let me for- get home and heaven! But, no, no, my love, I never can forget 'ee, for you was a good man and did good things ! ' ' ['37] MODERN ENGLISH BOOKS OF POWER The Return of the Native is generally regarded as Hardy's finest work. Certainly in this novel of passion and despair he has conjured up elements that speak to the heart of every reader. The hand of fate clutches hold of all the characters. When Eustacia fails to go to the door and admit her husband's mother she sets in motion events that bring swift ruin upon her as well as upon others. At every turn of the story the somber Egdon heath looms in the background, more real than any char- acter in the romance, a sinister force that seems to sweep the characters on to their doom, Tm is more appealing than any other of Mr. Hardy's works, but it is hurt by his desire to prove that the heroine was a good woman in spite of her sins against the social code. What has also given this work a great vogue is the splendid acting of Mrs. Fiske in the play made from the novel. In Jude the Obscure Hardy had a splen- did conception, but he developed It in a morbid way, bringing out the animalism of the hero's wife and forcing upon the reader his curious ideas about marriage. But above and beyond everything else Thomas Hardy is one of the greatest [-38] HARDY AND His WESSEX TALES story tellers the world has ever seen. You may take up any of his works and after reading a chapter you have a keen desire to follow the tale to the end, despite the fad: that you feel sure the end will be tragic. Nothing is forced for effect; the whole story moves with the simplicity of fate itself, and the characters, good and bad, are swept on to their doom as though they were caught in the rush of waters that go over Niagara falls. Hardy's style is clear, simple, direct, and abounds in Biblical allu- sions and phrases. In nature study Hardy's novels are a liberal education, for beyond any other author of the last century he has brought out the beauty and the significance of tree and flower, heath and mountain. They may be read many times, and at each perusal new beauties will be discovered to reward the reader. KIPLING'S BEST SHORT STORIES AND POEMS TALES OF EAST INDIAN LIFE AND CHAR- ACTERIDEAL TRAINING OF THE GENIUS THATHASPRODUCED SOME OFTHEBEST LITERARY WORK OF OUR DAY. RUDYARD KIPLING cannot be classified with any writer of his own age or of any literary age in the past. His tremen- dous strength, his visual faculty, even his mannerisms, are his own. He has written too much for his own fame, but although the next century will discard nine-tenths of his work, it will hold fast to the other tenth as among the best short stories and poems that our age produced. Kipling is essentially a short-story writer; not one of his longer novels has any real plot or the power to hold the reader's interest to the end. Kim, the best of his long works, is merely a series of panoramic views of Indian life and character, which could be split up into a dozen short stories and sketches. [140] KIPLING'S BEST STORIES AND POEMS But in the domain of the short story Kipling is easily the first great creative artist of his time. No one approaches him in vivid descriptive power, in keen char- acter portraiture, in the faculty of making a strange and alien life as real to us as the life we have always known. And in some of his more recent work, as in the story of the two young Romans in Puck of Pook's Hi//, Kipling reaches rare heights in reproducing the romance of a bygone age. In these tales of ancient Britain the poet in Kipling has full sway and his visual power moves with a freedom that stamps clearly and deeply every image upon the reader's mind. The first ten years of Kipling's literary activity were given over to a wonderful reproduction of East Indian life as seen through sympathetic English eyes. Yet the sympathy that is revealed in Kipling's best sketches of native life in India is never tinged with sentiment. The native is always drawn in his relations to the Englishman; always the traits of revenge or of gratitude or of dog-like devotion are brought out. Kipling knows the East Indian through and through, because in his childhood he had a rare opportunity to MODERN ENGLISH BOOKS OF POWER watch the native. The barrier of reserve, which was always maintained against the native Englishman, was let down in the case of this precocious child, who was a far keener observer than most adults. And these early impressions lend an extraordi- nary life and vitality to the sketches and stories on which Kipling's fame will ulti- mately rest. The early years of Kipling were spent in an ideal way for the development of the creative literary artist. Born at Bombay in December, 1865, he absorbed Hindu- stanee from his native nurse, and he saw the native as he really is, without the guard which is habitually put up in the presence of the Briton, even though this alien may be held in much esteem. The son of John Lockwood Kipling, professor of architec- tural sculpture in the British School of Art at Bombay, and of a sister of Edward Burne-Jones, it was not strange that this boy should have developed strong powers of imagination or that his mind should have sought relief in literary expression. The school days of Kipling were spent at Westward Ho, in Devon, where, though he failed to distinguish himself in his stud- ies, he established a reputation as a clever KIPLING'S BEST STORIES AND POEMS writer of verse and prose. He also enjoyed in these formative years the friendship and counsel of Burne-Jones, and he had the use of several fine private libraries. His wide reading probably injured his school standing, but it was of enormous benefit to him in his future literary work. At seven- teen young Kipling returned to India, where he secured a position on the CIVIL AND MILITARY GAZETTE of Lahore, where his father was principal of a large school of arts. The Anglo-Indian newspaper is not a model, but it afforded a splendid field for the development of Kipling's abilities. He was not only a reporter of the ordinary occurrences of his station, but he was con- stantly called upon to write short sketches and poems to fill certain corners in the paper, that varied in size according to the number and length of the advertisements. O Some of the best of his short sketches and bits of verse were written hurriedly on the composing stone to satisfy such needs. These sketches and poems he published himself and sent them to subscribers in all parts of India, but though their cleverness was recognized by Anglo-Indians, they did not appeal to the general public. After [H3] MODERN ENGLISH BOOKS OF POWER five years' work at Lahore, Kipling was transferred to the ALLAHABAoPiONEER,one of the most important of the Anglo-Indian journals. For the weekly edition of this paper he wrote many verses and sketches and also served as special correspondent in various parts of India. It was in 1889 that the PIONEER sent him on a tour of the world and he wrote the series of letters afterwards reprinted under the title From Sea to Sea. Kipling, like Stevenson, had to have a story to tell to bring out all his powers; hence these letters are not among his best work. Vividly do I recall Kipling's visit to San Francisco. He came into the CHRONICLE office and was keenly interested in the fine collections which made this newspaper's library before the fire the most valuable on this Coast, if not in the country. He was also much impressed with the many devices for securing speed in typesetting and other mechanical work. The only feature of his swarthy face that impressed one was his brilliant black eyes, which behind his large glasses, seemed to note every detail. He talked very well, but although he made friends among local newspapermen, he was unsuccessful in selling any of his stories to [H4] RUDYARD KIPLING FROM A CARTOON BY W. NICHOLSON KIPLING'S BEST STORIES AND POEMS the editors of the Sunday supplements. He soon went to New York, but there also he failed to dispose of his stories. Finally Kipling reached London in Sep- tember, 1889, and after several months of discouragement, he induced a large pub- lishing house to bring out Plain Tales From the Hills. It scored an immediate success. Like Byron, the unknown young writer awoke to find himself famous: magazine ' O editors clamored for his stories at fancy prices and publishers eagerly sought his work. It may be said to Kipling's credit that he did not utilize this opportunity to make money out of his sudden reputation. He doubtless worked over many old sketches, but he put his best into what- ever he gave the public. He married the sister of Wolcott Balestier, a brilliant American who became very well known in London as a publishers' agent, and after Balestier's death Kipling moved to his wife's old home in Brattleboro, Vermont, where he built a fine country house; but constant trouble with a younger brother of his wife caused him to abandon this American home and go back to England, O O * where he set up his lares at Rottingdean, in Surrey, There he has remained, aver- MODERN ENGLISH BOOKS OF POWER aging a book a year, until now he has over twenty-five large volumes to his credit. In 1907 Kipling was given the Nobel prize "for the best work of an idealist tendency." In reading Kipling it is best to begin with some of the tales written in his early life, for these he has never surpassed in vigor and interest. Take, for instance, Without Benefit of Clergy, The Man Who Was, The Drums of the Fore and Aft, The Man Who Would Be King and Beyond the Pale. These stories all deal with Anglo- Indian life, two with the British soldier and the other three with episodes in the lives of British officials and adventurers. The Man Who Would Be King, the finest of all Kipling's tales of Anglo-Indian life and adventure, is the story of the fatal ambition of Daniel Dravot, told by the man who accompanied him into the wildest part of Afghanistan. Daniel made the natives believe that he was a god and he could have ruled them as a king had he not foolishly become enamored of a native beauty. This girl was prompted by a native soothsayer to bite Dravot in order to decide whether he was a god or merely human. The blood that she drew on his neck was ample proof of his spurious claims and the [, 4 6] KIPLING'S BEST STORIES AND POEMS two adventurers were chased for miles through a wild country. When captured Daniel is forced to walk upon a bridge, the ropes of which are then cut, and his body is hurled hundreds of feet down upon the rocks. The story of the survivor, who escaped after crucifixion, is one of the ghastliest tales in all literature. Other tales that Kipling has written of Indian life are scarcely inferior to these in strange, uncanny power. One of the weird- est relates the adventures of an army officer who fell into the place where those who have been legally declared dead, but who have recovered, pass their lives. As a pic- ture of hell on earth it has never been surpassed. Another of Kipling's Indian tales that is worth reading is William the Conqueror ', a love story that has a back- ground of grim work during the famine year. One of Kipling's claims to fame is that he has drawn the British soldier in India as he actually lives. His Soldiers Three Mulvaney, the Irishman, Ortheris, the cockney, and Learoyd, the Yorkshireman are so full of real human nature that they delight all men and many women. Mul- vaney is the finest creation of Kipling, and [147] MODERN ENGLISH BOOKS OF POWER most of his stones are brimful of Irish wit. Of late years Kipling has written some fine imaginative stories, such as 'The Brushwood Boy, 'They and An Habitation Enforced. He has also revealed his genius in such tales of the future as With the Night Mail, a remarkably graphic sketch of a voy- age across the Atlantic in a single night in a great aeroplane. Another side of Kip- ling's genius is seen in his Jungle Stories, in which all the wild animals are endowed with speech. Mowgli, the boy who is suckled by a wolf, is a distinct creation, and his adventures are full of interest. Compare these stories with the work of Thompson-Seton and you get a good idea of the genius of Kipling in making real the savage struggle for life in the Indian jungle. Of Kipling's long novels 'The Naulakha ranks first for interest of plot, but Kim is the best because of its series of wonderful pictures of East Indian life and character. Captains Courageous is a story of Cape Cod fishing life, with an improbable plot but much good description of the perils and hardships of the men who seek fortune on the fishing banks. As a poet Kipling appeals strongly to men who love the life of action and adven- KIPLING'S BEST STORIES AND POEMS ture in all parts of the world. In his Departmental Ditties he has painted the life of the British soldier and the civilian in India, and his Danny Dever, his Man- dalay and others which sing themselves have passed into the memory of the great public that seldom reads any verse unless it be the words of a popular song. The range of his verse is very wide, whether it is the superb imagery in 'The Last Chantey or the impressive Galvanism of Me Andrew's Hymn. His Recessional, of course, is known to everyone. It is one of the finest bits of verse printed in the last twenty years. Kipling, in spite of his many volumes, is only forty-six years old, and he may be counted on to do much more good work. If he turns to historical fiction he may yet do for English history what the author of Waverley has done for the history of Scotland. Certainly he has the finest cre- ative imagination of his age; in whatever domain it may work it is sure to produce literature that will live. ['49] Bibliography Short Notes of Both Standard and Other Editions, With Lives, Sketches and Reminiscences. < j HESE bibliographical notes on the authors <*- discussed in this volume are brief because the space allotted to them was limited. 'They are designed to mention the first complete edi- tionsthe standard editions as well as the lives of authors, estimates of their works and sketches and personal reminiscences. A mass of good material on the great writers of the Viftorian age is buried in the bound volumes of English and American reviews and maga- zines. 'The best guide to these articles is Pooles "Index." The most valuable single volumes to one who wishes to make a study of eighteenth and nineteenth century English writers are: "A Stud* of English Prose Writers' and "A Stu:y of English and American Poets" by J. Scott Clark. (New Tork: Charles Scrib- ner's Sons. Price, $2 net a volume.) These two volumes will give any one who wishes to make BIBLIOGRAPHY a study of the authors I have discussed the material for a mastery of their works. Under full biographical sketches the author gives estimates of the best critics, extracts from their works and a full bibliography, including the best magazine articles. MACAULAY The editions of Macaulay are so numerous that it is useless to attempt to enumerate them. A standard edi- tion was collected in I 866 by his sister, Lady Trevelyan. Four volumes are devoted to the history and three to the essays and lives of" famous authors which he wrote for the Encyclopedia Brittanica, Macaulay's essays, which have enjoyed the greatest popularity in this country, may be found in many forms. A one-volume edition, containing the principal essays, is issued by sev- eral publishers. Sir George Otto Trevelyan' s The Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay in two volumes ( i 876) is a more interesting biography than Lockhart's Scott. The best single-volume estimate of Macaulay is J. Cot- ter Morison's Macaulay in the English Men of Letter's series. Good short critical sketches of Macaulay and his work may be found in Sir Leslie Stephen's Hours in a Library, volume 2, and in Lord Morley's Critical Miscellanies, volume 2. SCOTT The edition of Scott, which was his own favorite, was issued in Edinburgh in forty-eight volumes, from 1829 to 1833. Scott wrote new prefaces and notes for this edition. Another is the Border edition, with introductory essays and notes by Andrew Lang (forty- BIBLIOGRAPHY eight volumes, 1892-1894). The recent editions of Scott are numerous for, despite all criticisms of his careless style, he holds his own with the popular favor- ites of the day. Of his poems a good edition was edited by William Minto in two volumes, in 1888. The Life of Scott by his son-in-law, J. G. Lockhart, is the standard work. This was originally issued in seven volumes but Lockhart was induced to condense it into one volume, which gives about all that the ordinary reader cares for. This may be found in Everyman's library. Scott's Journal and his Familiar Letters, both edited by David Douglas, contain much interesting material. The best short lives of Scott are by R. H. Hutton in the English Men of Letters series and by George Saintsbury in the Famous Scots series. Among the best sketches and estimates of Scott are by Andrew Lang in Letters to Dead Authors; Sir Leslie Stephen in Hours in a Library; Conan Doyle in Through the Magic Door; Walter Bagehot in Literary Studies; Ste- venson in Gossip on Romance and in Memoirs and Por- traits, and S. R. Crockett in The Scott Country. Abbotsford, by Washington Irving, gives the best per- sonal sketches of Scott at home. CARLYLE Carlyle's Essays and his French Revolution, upon which his fame will chiefly rest, are issued in many editions. It would be well if his longer works could be condensed into single volumes by competent hands. A revised edition of his Frederick was issued in one short volume. For the facts of Carlyle's life, the best book is his own Reminiscences issued in 1881 and edited by Froude, who was his literary executor with the full power to publish or suppress. Froude had so great ['S3] BIBLIOGRAPHY an antipathy to what Carlyle himself called "mealy- mouthed biography" that he erred on the side of extreme frankness. In Thomas Carlyle The First Forty Tears of His Life, Life in London and Letters of 'Jane Welsh Carlyle, Froude permitted the publication of many mali- cious comments by Carlyle on his famous contemporaries. These and morbid expressions of remorse by Carlyle over imaginary neglect of his wife caused a great revulsion of public sentiment and the fame of Carlyle was clouded for ten years. Finally, after much acrimonious contro- versy, the truth prevailed and Carlyle came into his own again. Among the best books on Carlyle are Lowell's Essays, volume 2; David Masson, Carlyle Personally and in His Writings; E. P. Whipple, Essays and Re- views; Emerson, English Traits; Lowell, My Study Windows; Morley, English Literature in the Reign of Victoria; Greg, Literary and Social Judgments; Mon- cure Conway, Carlyle, and Henley, Views and Reviews. Among magazine and review articles may be men- tioned George Eliot in WESTMINSTER REVIEW, volume 57 ; John Burroughs in ATLANTIC MONTHLY, volume 5 I ; Emerson in SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE, volume 22; Froude in NINETEENTH CENTURY, volume 10, and Leslie Ste- phen in CORNHILL, volume 44. DE QUINCEY It is a curious fact that the first complete edition of De Quincey's works was issued in Boston in twenty volumes (1850-1855) by Ticknor & Fields. Much of the material was gathered from English periodicals, as De Quincey was the greatest magazine writer of his age. This was followed by the Riverside edition in twelve volumes (Boston, 1 877). The standard English BIBLIOGRAPHY edition is The Collected Writings of Thomas De Quincey, fourteen volumes, edited by David Masson (1889- 1890). A. H. Japp wrote the standard English Life of De Quincey (London, two volumes, 1879). The best short life is Masson's in the English Men of Let- ters series. George Saintsbury gives a good sketch of De Quincey in Essays in English Literature. Other estimates may be found in the following works: Leslie Stephen, Hours in a Library; H. A. Page, De Quin- cey, His Life and Writings and in Mrs. Oliphant's Literary History of England. LAMB Reprints of the Essays of Elia have been very numerous. One of the best editions of Lamb's com- plete works was edited by E. V. Lucas in seven vol- umes, to which he added in 1905 The Life of Charles Lamb in two volumes. Another is Complete Works and Correspondence, edited by Canon Ainger (London, six volumes). Ainger also wrote an excellent short life of Lamb for the English Men of Letters series. Hazlitt and Percy Fitzgerald have revised Thomas Noon Tal- fourd's standard Letters of Charles Lamb, Wit ha Sketch of His Life. Among sketches of the life of Charles and Mary Lamb may be noted Barry Cornwall's Charles Lamb A Memoir; Fitzgerald, Charles Lamb: His Friends, His Haunts and His Books; Walter Pater, Appreciations; R. H. Stoddard, Personal Recolleclions; Augustine Birrell, Res Judicatce; Nicoll, Landmarks of English Literature; Talfourd, Final Memorials of Charles Lamb; Hutton, Literary Landmarks of London. DICKENS The first colleftive edition of Dickens' works was issued in 1847. The standard edition is that of Chap- ['55] BIBLIOGRAPHY man & Hall, London, who were the original publishers of Pickwick. One of the best of the many editions of Dickens is the Macmillan Pocket edition with repro- ductions of the original covers of the monthly parts of the novels as they appeared, the original illustrations by Cruikshank, Leech, "Phiz"(Hablot Browne) and others, and valuable and interesting introductions by Charles Dickens the younger. Another good edition is in the World's Classics, with brilliant introductions by G. K. Chesterton. In buying an edition of Dickens it is well to get one with reproductions of the original illustrations, as these add much to the pleasure and interest of the novels. For ready reference to Dickens' works there is a Dickens Dictionary, giving the names of all characters and places in the novels, by G. A. Pierce, and another similar work by A. J. Philip. Mary Williams has also prepared a Dickens Concordance. Forster's Life of Charles Dickens, in three volumes, is the standard work, as Forster was closely connected with the nevelist from the time he made his hit with Pickwick. George Gissing, the novelist, made an abridgment of Forster's Life in one volume, which is well done. Scores of shorter lives and sketches have been written. Among the best of these are Dr. A.W. Ward's Charles Dickens in the English Men of Letters series; Taine's chapter on Dickens in his History of English Literature; Sir Leslie Stephen's article in the Dictionary of National Biography; Mrs. Oliphant's The Victorian Age in English Literature; F. G. Kitten's Charles Dickens: His Life, Writings and Personality. The Letters, edited by Miss Hogarth and Mary Dick- ens, are valuable for the light they throw on the novel- ist's character and work. BIBLIOGRAPHY In reminiscence of Dickens, the best books are Mary- Dickens' My Father as I Recall Him; J. T. Fields' /// and Out of Doors With Charles Dickens and G. Dol- by's Charles Dickens as I Knezu Him, the last devoted to the famous reading tours. Edmund Yates, Anthony Trollope, James Payn, R. H. Haine and many others have written readable reminiscences. For the home life of Dickens and his haunts see F. G. Kitton's The Dickens Country,- Thomas Fort's //; Kent With Charles Dickens and H. S. Ward's The Real Dickens Land. Of poems on Dickens' death the very best is Bret Harte's Dickens in Camp. The Wisdom of Dickens, compiled by Temple Scott, is a good collection of extracts. THACKERAY Almost as many editions of Thackeray's works have been published as of Dickens' novels, and the reader in his selection must be guided largely by his own taste. In choosing an edition, however, always get one that contains Thackeray's own illustrations, as, though the drawing is frequently crude, the sketches are full of humor and help one to understand the author's con- ception of the characters. The best general edition is The Biographical, with introductions by his daughter, Mrs. Richmond Ritchie (London, i 897-1900). The Charterhouse edition of Thackeray in twenty-six vol- umes, published in England by Smith, Elder & Co. and in this country by Lippincott, is an excellent library set containing all the original illustrations. No regular biography of Thackeray has ever been written because of his expressed wish, but his daughter, Mrs. Richmond Ritchie, has supplied this lack with many sketches and introductions to various editions of ['57] BIBLIOGRAPHY her father's works. Anthony Trollope in his autobiog- raphy gives many charming glimpses of Thackeray but his sketch of Thackeray in the English Men of Letters series is not warmly appreciative. One of the best short estimates of Thackeray is Charles Whibley's Thackeray (1905). Also valuable are sketches by Frederic Harrison in Early Victorian Literature; Brownell, Early Vitlorian Masters; Whip- pie, Charatler and Characteristic Men; R. H. Stod- dard, Anecdote Biography of Thackeray; Andrew Lang, Letters to Dead Authors; G. T. Fields, Yesterdays With Authors; Jeaffreson, Novels and Novelists and W. B. Jerrold The Best of All Good Company. The reviews and magazines, especially in the last ten years, have abounded in articles on Thackeray. Among these the best have appeared in SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE. A small volume, The Sense and Sentiment of Thackeray (Harper's, 1909), gives numerous good extracts from the novels as well as from the essays. CHARLOTTE BRONTE Smith, Elder & Co. of London were the publishers of Jane Eyre and they also issued the first collected edition of Charlotte Bronte's works. This firm still publishes the standard English edition, the Haworth edi- tion, with admirable introductions by Mrs. Humphrey Ward and with many illustrations from photographs of the places and people made memorable in Charlotte's novels. A good American edition is the Shirley edi- tion, with excellent illustrations, many of them repro- ductions of rare daguerreotypes. The standard life of Charlotte Bronte until fifteen years ago was Mrs. Gaskell's, one of the most appeal- ing stories in all literature. Clement K. Shorter's [158] BIBLIOGRAPHY Charlotte Bronte and Her Circle is now indispensable because of the mass of fafts that the author has gathered in regard to the life of the sisters in the lonely parsonage and their remarkable literary development. Augustine Birrell has written a good short life of Charlotte, while A. M. F. Robinson (Mme. Duclaux) has a volume on Emily Bronte in the Famous Women series. T. Wemyss Reid was the first writer to make orig- inal research among the Bronte material and his book, Charlotte Bronte A Monograph, paved the way for the exhaustive study of this strange family of genius by Clement Shorter. Other books that give much original material are The Brontes in Ireland, by Rev. Dr. William Wright, and Charlotte Bronte and HerSisters y by Clement Shorter. Mr. Shorter also in The Brontes- Life and Letters gives all of Charlotte's letters in the order of their dates. GEORGE ELIOT The first collected edition of George Eliot's works was brought out in 1878-1880 in London and Edin- burgh. Many editions have since appeared in England and in this country, the best one being the English Cabinet edition, published by A. & C. Black. The standard life of George Eliot is George Eliot's Life as Related in Her Letters and Journals, edited by her husband, J. W. Cross, who served for ten years as curate of Haworth. Leslie Stephen has written a remarkably good short life of George Eliot in the English Men of Letters series. Among critical articles on George Eliot may be men- tioned Henry James in Partial Portraits; Mathilde Blind, George Eliot; Oscar Browning, Life of George Eliot in Great Writers series; Dowden, Studies in Lit- erature; Oscar Browning, Great Writers; Mayo W. ['59] BIBLIOGRAPHY Hazeltine, Chats About Books; R. H. Hutton, Mod- ern Guides of Religious Thought; R. E. Cleveland, George Eliot' 1 ! Poetry; Frederic Harrison, The Choice of Books and Sydney Lanier, The Development of the English Novel. RUSKIN The great edition of Ruskin is the Library edition by E. T. Cook and A. Wedderburn, begun in 1903. It is splendidly illustrated and is a superb specimen of book-making. English and American editors of Ruskin are numerous. The standard life of Ruskin is by W. G. Colling- wood, his secretary and ardent disciple. One of his pupils, E. T. Cook, published Studies in Ruskin, which throws much light on his methods of teaching art. J. A. Hobson in John Ruskin, Social Reformer discusses his economic and social teaching. Dr. Charles Waldstein of Cambridge in The Work of John Ruskin develops his art theories. Good critical studies may also be found in W. M. Rossetti's Ruskin and Frederic Harrison's Tennyson, Ruskin, Mill and Other Literary Estimates; Justin McCarthy, Modern Leaders; Mary R. Mitford, Recolleftions of a Literary Life and R. H. Hutton, Contemporary Thought and Thinkers. Among magazine articles may be noted W. J. Still- man in the CENTURY, volume 1 3 ; Charles Waldstein in HARPER'S, volume 1 8 ; Justin McCarthy in the GALAXY, volume 13, and Leslie Stephen in FRAZER'S, volumes 9 and 49. TENNYSON The best edition of Tennyson is the Eversley in six volumes, published by the Macmillans and edited by his son Hallam, which contains a mass of notes left by [160] BIBLIOGRAPHY the poet and many explanations of peculiar words and metaphors which the father gave to the son in discussing his work. This edition also gives the changes made by the poet in his constant revision of his works, some of which were not improvements. A mass of critical commentary and reminiscence has been published on Tennyson and his poetical work. Among the best of these volumes are Tennyson, Ruskin and Mill, by Frederic Harrison; Tennyson and His Friends, by Mrs. Richmond Ritchie; THe Homes and Haunts of Tennyson, by Napier; Tennyson, His Art and Relation to Modern Life, by Stopford A. Brooke; The Poetry of Tennyson, by Henry Van Dyke; the chapter on Tennyson in Stedman's Viftorian Poets; a commen- tary on Tennyson's //; Memoriam by Prof. A. C. Bradley; Alfred Tennyson, by Andrew Lang; Views and Reviews, by W. E. Henley; Yesterdays With Au- thors, by J. T. Fields; The Vittorian Age, by Mrs. Oliphant. Dr. Henry Van Dyke contributed five articles on Tennyson to SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE, volume 6. BROWNING An enormous li;erature of comment, appreciation and interpretation has grown up around Browning, largely due to the work of various Browning societies in this country and in Europe. The London Browning Society especially has brought out many papers that will be of interest to Browning students. Other works are Arthur Symons, IntroduSion to the Study of Browning (Lon- don, 1886); G. W. Cooke, Browning Guide Book (New York, 1901 ); Fotheringham, Studies (London, 1898); Stedman, Vittorian Poets; Prof. Hiram Cor- son, Introduflion to Browning; George E. Woodberry, Studies in Literature and Life; Hamilton W. Mabie, [161] BIBLIOGRAPHY Essays in Literary Interpretation; A. Birrell, Obiter Difia; George Saintsbury, Corrected Impressions, The first edition of Browning's poems appeared in two volumes in 1 849, a second in three volumes in 1863 and a third in six volumes in 1868. A revised edition containing all the poems was issued in sixteen volumes in 1888-1889. A fine complete edition in two volumes, edited by Augustine Birreil and F. G. Ken- yon, was issued in 1896, and Smith, Elder & Co., London, brought out a two-volume edition in 1 900. In this country the Riverside edition of Browning's Poetical Works in six volumes, issued by Houghton, MifHin & Co., and the Camberwell edition in twelve handy volumes, with notes by Charlotte Porter and Helen A. Clarke, published by Crowell, are valuable for Browning students. The standard life is The Life and Letters of Robert Browning, by Mrs. Sutherland Orr, but valuable are The Love Letters of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, issued by Browning's son in i 899. For Edmund Gosse's Robert Browning Personalia the poet supplied much of the material in notes. Good short sketches and estimates are Chesterton's Browning in the English Men of Letters series and Waugh's Robert Browning. GEORGE MEREDITH The standard edition of Meredith's works is the Boxhill edition in seventeen volumes, with photogravure frontispieces, issued in this country by the Scribners. The same text is used in the Pocket Edition in sixteen volumes, which does not include the unfinished novel, Celt and Saxon. A mass of comment on Meredith may be found in the English and American reviews and maga- zines, to which Poole's Index furnishes the best guide. [162] BIBLIOGRAPHY Mrs. M. S. Henderson, George Meredith: Novelist, Poet, Reformer; George Macaulay Trevelyan, The Poetry and Philosophy of George Meredith; John Lane, Biography of George Meredith, and R. Le Gallienne, Charafieristics of George Meredith. STEVENSON Robert Louis Stevenson's early work appeared in fugitive form in magazines and reviews and even after he had written The New Arabian Nights and Travels With a Donkey he was forced to see such excellent matter as The Silverado Squatters cut up into magazine articles and more than half of it discarded. The vogue of Stevenson was greater in this country than in Eng- land until he had fully established his reputation. Jn 1878 An Inland Voyage appeared and in 1879 Travels With a Donkey, but it was not until 1883 that Treasure Island made him well known. The standard edition of Stevenson is the Thistle edition, beautifully printed and illustrated, and issued at Edinburgh and New York, 1894-1898. The Letters of Stevenson to His Family, originally issued in 1899, have now been incorporated with Vailima Letters and issued in four volumes. They are arranged chronologically, with admirable biograph- ical commentary by Sydney Colvin, to whom a great part of them was written. Stevenson's personality was so at- traftive that a mass of reminiscence and comment has been produced since his death in 1894. The best books are Graham Balfour, Life of Robert Louis Stevenson; Walter Raleigh, R. L. Stevenson; Simpson, Stevenson's Edinburgh A/V- r , and Memoirs of Vailima, by Isobel Strong and Lloyd Osbourne, the novelist's stepchildren. Henry James in Partial Portraits has a fine appreciation of Stevenson and Robert Louis Stevenson in California, bv Katharine D. Osbourne is rich in reminiscence. BIBLIOGRAPHY THOMAS HARDY Since 1895, Thomas Hardy has written no fiction. The standard edition of his works is published in this country by the Harpers. Recently this firm has issued Hardy in a convenient thin paper edition which may be slipped into the coat pocket. His first novel, Des- perate Remedies, appeared in I 871 but it was not until the issue of Far From the Madding Crowd in 1874 that he gained popular fame. Many magazine articles have been written on the "corner of Dorsetshire" which Hardy calls Wessex. Good books on the Hardy country are The Wessex of Romance, by W. Sherren, and The Wessex of Thomas Hardy, by Windle. KIPLING The standard edition of Kipling is the Outward Bound edition, published in this country by the Scrib- ners. It contains a general introduction by the author and special prefaces to each volume, with illustrations from bas reliefs made by the novelist's father. Double- day, Page & Co. are issuing a pocket edition of Kipling, on thin paper with flexible leather binding, which is very convenient. Any additional books will be added to each of these editions. Kipling has told of his early life in India and of his precocious literary activity in My First Book (1894). Richard Le Gallienne made a study of the novelist in Rudyard Kipling A Criticism and Edmund Gosse in Questions at Issue discusses his short stories. Prof. William Lyon Phelps in Essays on Modern Novelists has a fine chapter on Kipling. Andrew Lang in Essays in Little treats of "Mr. Kipling's Stor- ies" and Barrie has an appreciation in CONTEMPORARY REVIEW for March, 1891. A useful Kip/ing Index is issued by Doubleday, Page & Co. All titles are indexed so that one may locate any story or character. f:6 4 ] Index A Blot on the 'Scutcheon, 108, i 10, 113. A Child's Garden of Verse, 125. Adam Bede, 65, 76, 82, 84. Addison, 58. A Dissertation on Roast Pig, 4 J > 7i- A Dream of" Fair Women, 99- Adventures of Philip, The, 60. Aes Triplex, 130. Agnes Gray, 7 1 . A Gossip on Romance, 130. A Lodging for the Night, 124, 129. Alison Cunningham, 125. Allahabad Pioneer, 144. Amazing Marriage, The, 122. An English Mail Coach, 3 1 - An Habitation Enforced, 148. An Inland Voyage, I 26. Anglo-Indian Life, 146. Antiquary, The, 1 8. A Pair of Blue Eyes, 135. Apostles, 99. Arnold, I 1 6. Arthurian Legends, 101. Ashburton, Lady, 25. Ashby de la Zouch, 17. Asolando, 1 08, III. A Soldier of France, i 2. Asolo, 113. A Soul's Tragedy, 108, i 10, 113. ATaleofTwoCities,53. Austro-Italian War, 118. A Window in Thrums, 39. Balestier, Wolcott, 145. Ballantyne, 16, 90. Balzac, I 2. Balzac's Seraphita, 74. Bank of England, 109. Barrett, Elizabeth, 1 10. Barrie, 39. Bathsheba Everdene, I 36. Becket, 101 . Bells and Pomegranates, 109. Beyond the Pale, 146. Biblical Allusions, 139. Bleak House, 54. Blue Coat School, 44. [165] INDEX Boldwood, I 36. Boswell, 4. Bray, Charles, of Coven- try, 80. Brantwood, 93. Break, Break, Break, 105. Bronte, Charlotte, xn, 66 to 72. Bronte, Emily, 68. Browning, Robert,xn,97, 103, 106 to 1 15, i 17, 118. Browning, Mrs., 1 10. Brushwood Boy, The, 148. Bunyan, 28. Burne-Jones, 142, 143. Burns, 113. Byron, 7, 98, 109, 145. Cain, 98. California, i 27. Galvanism, 149. Cape Cod, 148. Captains Courageous, 1 48. Carlyle, Thomas, xn, xm, 3, 4, 8, 20 to 30, 43, ^ 5 2 > 5393; CasaGuidiWindows, l 10. Cervantes, I I . Chapman & Hall, I I 8. Charlotte, 68. Child Angel, The, 45. Childe Harold, 7, 90. Choir Invisible, The, 85. Christmas Carol, 5 1 . Christmas Story, 5 i . Chronicle, 144. Clive, 4, 9. Cloister and the Hearth, The, 65. Coleridge, 35, 42,43. Colombe's Birthday, i 10, -, II3- Colonel Newcome, 58. Confessions of an English Opium Eater, 36. Count Robert of Paris, I 8. Court of Chancery, 54. Cricket on the Hearth, The, 51. Croker, 4. Cromwell, 24. Cross,]. W., 82. Crossing the Bar, 98, 101, ^ J 5 ' II3 '. Crown of Wild Olives, The, 94. Dale in the Alps, 94. Daniel Deronda, 79, 82. Daniel Dravot, 146. Danny Dever, 149. David and Allan, 129. David and Catriona in Holland, I 29. David B a! four, I 28. David Copperfield, 53, 128. David Warwick, T 20. [166] INDEX Defoe, 62. Departmental Ditties, 1 49. De Quincey, Thomas, xn, 30 to 38, 45, 93. Autobiography, 3 i . Confessions, 31, 32. Desperate Remedies, 135. Dickens, Charles, xn, i 3, 44, 47 to 55, 61, i 28. Dinah Morris, 84. Diana of the Crossways, 115,1 20, 121, 122. Dombey and Son, 54. Don Juan, 98. Doyle, Conan, I 2. Dramatic Idylls, I I I . Dramatic Romances and Lyrics, I 10. Dream Children, xiv, 41, 45- Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, i 25, i 26, i 28. Drums of the Fore and Aft, The, 1 46. Dynasts, The, 132. East India Life, 141. Edinburgh Review, 4, 2 3- Egdon Heath, 133, 138. Egoist, The, 121. Eliot, George, xn, 52, 76 to 86, i 36, i 37. Emerson, 27, I 16. English History, I 20. English Humorists, The, 60. Enoch Arden, 101. Esmond, 56. Essays of Elia, 40, 43. Eugenie Grandet, i 2. Eustacia, i 36, I 38. Evan Harrington, 121. Evelyn Hope, 113. Far From the Madding Crowd, 133, 135, I 3 6. Father Damien, I 24. Felix Holt, 82. FifmeattheFair, 108, 1 I I . Fiske, Mrs. , in Becky Sharp, 58, I 38. Flight of the Tartar Tribe, The, 31. Fors Clavigera, 92. Four Georges, The, 60. Fra Lippo Lippi, 113. Eraser's Magazine, 23. Frederick the Great, 24. French Revolution, The, 23, 27. From Sea to Sea, I 44. Froude, 24. Gabriel Oak, i 36. Gaelic Comment, 103. Gaskell, Mrs., 70. Gethsemane, xiv. Giles Winterbourne, 137. [167] INDEX Goethe, 23, 26. Goldsmith, 3. Gray's Elegy, 135. Great Hoggarty Diamond, The, 59. Hallam, Alfred, 99. Hallam, Arthur, 99,100, 103. Hardy, Thomas, xm, 77, 115, 1 1 6, 131 to 140. Harold, 101. Hastings, Warren, 4, 9. Heart of the Midlothian, The, 17, i 8. Henry Esmond, 60. Herbert, Sidney, I 20. Heroes and Hero Wor- ship, 22. Herve Riel, 108. History of England, 7. Holt, Henry, 136. Household Words and All the Year Round, 51. Howells' Criticism of Thackeray, 62. How They Brought the Good News, 108. Idylls of the King, The, 96, 100, 104. India, 102. Indian Life, 1 40. In Memoriam, 96, 98, 100, 103, 104. Inn Album,The, 1 08, 1 1 1 . Irving, Washington, I 30. Ivanhoe, 1 7. James, Henry, 115, i 24. Jane Eyre, 59, 66, 68, 7 i, 73- Janet's Repentance, 8 1 . John Silver, 125, 128. Johnson, 3. Jude the Obscure, 131, 134, 136, 138. Jungle Stories, 148. Keats, 109. Kidnaped, 128. King Arthur, 104. King's Treasures, 92. Kim, 140, 148. Kipling, John Lockwood, 142. Kipling, Rudyard, xm, 140 to 149. Labor, 26. Lacy ? 113. Lady Constantine, 136. Lady Geraldine's Court- ship, 1 10. Lady Godiva, 100. Lady of Shalot, The, 99. Lady of the Lake, The, 7, 15- Lahore, 144. Lamb, Mary, 41, 42. ['68] INDEX Lamb, Charles, xn, 35, 38 to 46, 123, 130. Lamp of Sacrifice, 94. Last Chantey, The, 149. Last Essays of Elia, The, 45- Last Ride, The, 108. Lay of the Last Minstrel, The, 15. Lays of Ancient Rome, 7. Leader, Organ of the Free Thinkers, 8 1 . Learoyd, 147. Leisure Hour Series, 136. Lewes, George Henry, 78, 81, 82. Lincolnshire, 98. Lockhart, 1 6. Locksley Hall, 96, 97, 100, 101, 103. London, Jack, I 29. London Magazine, 43. Lord Ormont and His Aminta, 122. Lotus Eaters, The, 99. Lovel, the Widower, 60. Lucy, 1 19, 120. Lyrical Poems of Robert Browning, by Dr. A. J. George, 112. Macaulay, Thomas Bab- ington, 3 to 1 1 , 20. Malory's Chronicle, 104. Manchester Grammar School, 34. Mandalay, 149. Manfred, 98. ManWhoWas,The,i46. Man Who Would be King, The, 146. Margaret Ogilvie, 39. Marion Evans, 79. Markheim, 124, 129. Marmion, I 5. Marty South, 136, 137. Mason's Song, 26. Maud, 97, loo. Mayor of Casterbridge, The, 136. McAndrew' s Hymn, 1 49. Melbourne, Lord, 120. Men and Women, 108. Meredith, George, xii, 1 1 5 to 123, I 24. Micah Clarke, 12. Middle Ages, The, 99. Middlemarch, 79, 82, 85. Millais, 92. Miller, Henry, in The On- ly Way, 53. Mill on the Floss, The, 76,82,84. Milnes, 99. Milton, 9, 107. Mitchell, 130. Modern Painters, 87, 91, 93- Monckton, 99. [169] INDEX Monte Cristo, I 2. Moravian School, 1 1 8. Morning Post, London, 118. Morte d' Arthur, 100. Mowglie, 148. Mrs. Battle's Opinion on Whist, 41, 45. Mulvaney, the Irishman, 147. Murder As One of the Fine Arts, 31, 35. My Star, 113. Mystery of Edwin Drood, The, 50. Napoleon of Rhyme, 109. Naulakha, The, 148. New Arabian Nights, 126. Newcomes, The, 60. Newdigate Prize, 9 1 . Niagara Falls, I 39. Nicholas Nickleby, 50, 54. Nobel Prize, 146. Norton, Caroline, 120. Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington, 105. _ Old Curiosity Shop, 50. Old Mortality, 18. Oliver Twist, 50. O Lyric Love, 1 08, i 1 1, 114. [I 7 0] One Word More, 1 08. in, 113. Ordeal of Richard Feverel, The, 115, 119. Our Mutual Friend, 54. Oxford, 90. Palace of Art, The, 99. Past and Present, 22, 26, 27. Paracelsus, 109. Parsifal, 107. Pauline, 109. Pavilion on theLinks,The, 129. Payn, James, I 7. Peel, Sir Robert, 120. Pendennis, 60, 64. Pew, I 25, 128. Pickwick Papers, 50, 52. Pied Piper of Hamelin, The, 108. Pilgrim's Progress, 79. Pilgrim's Scrip, I 19. Pippa Passes, 108, 109, 113, 114. Phelps, Prof. William Ly- on, 115, I I 6, 134. Plain Tales from the Hills, H5- Poems by Two Brothers, 99- Poems, Chiefly Lyrical, 99- Preterita, 92, 94. INDEX Princess, The, 100, 105, 114. Professor, The, 7 I . Prospice, 108, i i i, 113. Puck of Pook's Hill, 141. Pulvis et Umbra, I 30. Punch, 59. Queen Mary, 101. Queen Victoria, 104. QuentinDurward, 17,18. Rabbi Ben Ezra, 113. Rasselas, 79. Recessional, 149. Red Cotton Nightcap Country, III. Reid, Mayne, 90. Return of the Native, The, I3 2 > *33> !3 6 13 8 - Rhoda Fleming, 121. Rhone below Geneva, 94- Richardson, 62. Richard the Lion-Hearted, 1 7- Ring and the Book, The, 97, 106, 113. Robinson Crusoe, 125. Rob Roy, i 8. Romola, 77, 82, 85. Rose La Touche, 92. Rottingdean, 145. Ruskin, John, xn, 17, 30, 87 to 95. Sad Adventures of the Rev. Amos Barton, The, 8 i. Sandra Belloni, 121. Sands, George, 74. San Marco, III. Sartor Resartus, 21, 23, 28. Scenes From Clerical Life, 81. School of Scandal, The, I 20. Scotch Moors, 127. Scotch Scenes, 127. Scotch Stories, 128. Scott, Sir Walter, I I to 19, 47, 52, 90, i 28. Sea Wolf, The, i 29. Seigfried, Wagner's, 107. Sellwood, Miss Emily, 100. Sesame and Lilies, 94. Seven Lamps, The, 87, 92,93. Seymour, 50. Shakespeare, 47, 106, i 14, I 20. Shaving of Shagpat, The, 118. Shelley, 109. Sheridan, I 20. Shibli Bagarag, I 19. Shirley, 74. Sicilian vengeance, 129. Sidney, 104. Silas Marner, 82, 84. ['7'] INDEX Sir Austin, 119. Sire de Maletroit's Door, The, I 24, I 29. Sketches by Boz, 50. Soldiers Three, 147. Somoa, I 27. Sonnets From the Portu- guese, i 10. Sordello, 106, 109. Southey, 43. South Sea Islands, 127. Spectator, 58. Spedding, 99. Spencer, Herbert, 81, 83. Steele, 58. Stevenson, xn, 1 1, 39,40, 72, I 20, I 23 to i 30. Stones of Venice, The, 87, 92, 94, 95. Story of an African Farm, The, 1 1 6. Strafford, 109. Strauss Life of Jesus, 80. Study of Sociology, The, 8 3 . Supernatural Man,The,45 Suspira, 36. Swift, 3. Taine, 103. Tales From Shakespeare, 43- Tales of East India Life, 140. Talisman, The, 18. Talk and Talkers, 130. Tennyson, Alfred, xn, 96 to 106, 113, 114. Tennyson, Charles, 99. Tess of thed'Urbervilles, 6 5> 1 3 2 > J 34> X 3 6 > 138. Thackeray, William Make- peace, xn, xiv, 13, 48, 52, 56 to 66, 73, 99. They, 148. Thompson-Seton, 148. Three Guardsmen, The, 12. Three Ladies of Sorrow, 3 7 Timbuftoo, 99. Times, London, 21, 120. Tolstoi, i 3. To Mary in Heaven, 113. Travels With a Donkey, 126. Treasure Island, I 23, 1 24, 126, i 28. Trench, 99. Trevelyan, G. O., 5. Trinity College, Cam- bridge, 99. Turgeneff, 13. Turner, 91, 94. Two Voices, The, 100. Ulysses, 100. Under the Greenwood Tree, 135. Unto This Last, 94. [I 7 2j INDEX Vanity Fair, 56, 58, 59, 63. Victorian Age, 96. Villette, 66, 73. Villon, I 29. Virginians, The, 60. Virginibus Pucrisque, 40. Vision of Sudden Death, The, 31. Waverley, 15, 19, 149. Weir of Hermiston, I 27. Westminster Review, 80. Wessex, 133. Westward Ho, 142. Weyman, I 2. White Company, The, I 2. Wilhelm Meister, 23. William the Conqueror, 147. Without Benefit of Clergy, 146. With the Night Mail, 1 48. Woodlanders, The, 136, 137- Wordsworth, 35, I 13. Wuthering Heights, 67; UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY illinium HI ill A 001426100 2