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ENGLISH FOR
COMING AMERICANS

California
Regional
acility

eginner's Reader— 3

PETER ROBERTS, Ph.D.

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CALIFORNIA,

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FOR

COMING AMERICANS

Beginner's Reader— 3

PETER ROBERTS, Ph.D.

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ASSOCIATION PRESS

New York: 347 Madison Avenub
1918

52062

International Committee op Young Men's

Christian Associations

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PREFACE

Coming Americans, who have studied English in
the Preparatory Course, and the Beginner's Readers
Nos. i and 2, have had training in grammar that
enables them to know the parts of speech, the modifica-
tion of words, and the place of words in simple sen-
tences. This (No. 3) short course continues the in-
struction, reviewing much of the work already given,
helping the students to analyze simple sentences, and
illustrating simple rules in syntax. If the teacher
patiently carries out the suggestions made in each
lesson, the pupils will get that knowledge of the
structure of words and sentences which will help them
in talking and writing.

Teachers will do well to give continual attention to
spelling and pronunciation. These can only be mas-
tered by foreign-speaking persons when trained by
native born instructors who spell correctly and enun-
ciate clearly. No lesson should pass without careful
attention being given to these.

CONTENTS
The Story of Hans

PAGE

I. The Broom Boy i

II. Selling the Brooms 4

III. Hans Making a Cart 7

IV. Hans' Home 10

V. Hans' Trials 13

VI. Hans in Favor 16

VII. Hans Meets a Friend 19

VIII. Hans and His Mother in Council. 22

IX. Hans' Courtship 25

X. Hans Married 28

XI. Hans' Children 31

XII. Hans in Wealth 34

The Trials of Gerard

XIII. Pitying the Needy 38

XIV. Gerard at the Feast 41

XV. Gerard in the Tower 46

XVI. The Pursuit 51

XVII. In Quest of Food 55

XVIII. The Bear Loves its Cub 60

XIX. The Shipwreck 65

XX. In Rome 71

XXI. There is Good in Every Man 75

XXII. News from Home 81

The Story of Hans
i. the broom boy

Hans lived with his mother, who had need of
him to fetch water, wood, and the like. The
father was dead, and the mother and son lived
on the love of God and good people. One day
the farmer they lodged with said to Hans:
"My lad, it seems to me that you might try to
earn something now, you are big enough and
sharp enough." "I wish I could," said Hans,
"but I don't know how." "I know something
you could do," said the farmer. "Set to work
to make brooms; there are plenty of twigs on
my willows. I only get them stolen as it is ; so
they shall not cost you much. You shall make
me two brooms a year for them." Yes, that
would be very fine and good," said Hans, "but
where shall I learn to make brooms?" "Well,
there is no such trick in the matter," said the
farmer. "I'll take upon me the teaching of you ;
many a year" now I've made all the brooms we
use on the farm myself, and I'll back myself to
make as good as are made. You'll want few
tools, and may use mine at first." All this was

2 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

done, and God's blessing came on the doing of
it. Hans took a fancy to the work, and the
farmer was well pleased with Hans. "Don't
look so close; put in all that is needful, do the
thing well, so as to show the people they may
put confidence in you. Once get their trust,
and your business is done," said the farmer;
and Hans obeyed him.

MEMORIZE

"All nature is but art unknown to thee ;

All chance, direction, which thou can'st not see ;
All discord, harmony — not understood ;
All partial evil, universal good."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Where was Hans living? Who had died? Is your
father living? What kind of a mother had Hans?
How do you know she was a good woman? What
did Hans do? Where did he get the water? Where
the wood? What was the water good for? (drink,
cook, wash, etc.) What was the wood good for?
Where did they lodge? How much of a house did
they have? Was the farmer kind to them? Where
did Hans' mother work? Did the farmer keep her
and her son? Have you worked on a farm? Tell
briefly what work you did. What did the farmer say
to Hans? How old do you think Hans was? Do
boys of twelve years generally work in Europe? Do
boys of twelve work in this country? What could
Hans do ? Was Hans a strong and sharp boy ? What

THE BROOM BOY 3

work did the farmer propose he should do? Out of
what were brooms made ? Where did the twigs grow ?
Where were the willow trees? Who stole the twigs,
think you ? Was Hans willing to try the work ? What
was his difficulty ? Who promised to teach him ? Was
the farmer a good broom maker ? What was Hans to
pay for the twigs? Have you ever made a broom?
How much do you pay for a broom today? Do you
think that Hans got forty cents each for his brooms?
Who made the brooms for the farmer's family ? Where
was Hans to get his tools from? Did the farmer
give Hans the tools? How did Hans like the work?
Whose blessing fell on it? Do workmen want God's
blessing on their work? How did Hans do his work?
Did Hans skimp in the number of twigs he first put
into the brooms? What advice did the farmer give
him? Why was he told to be liberal? Can you do
business with people in whom you have no confidence?
Did Hans obey ? From the story, point out the quali-
ties of Hans. (Obedience, ambition, thrift, pride, self-
reliance.) Point out the qualities of the farmer.
(Kindness, patience, wisdom, sympathy, appreciation.)
Let the pupils tell what parts of the story reveal these
qualities.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

A Verb is a word that says or asserts something:
as, "The man runs" ; "The fire burns" ; "The child
plays"

In the first sentence ask what parts of speech are
who, need, like. What are they in the following sen-
tences: "Who knocks?" "I need thee every hour."
"I like the walk." "This rose is like that." Let the

4 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

pupils state what are relative and interrogative pro-
nouns. What parts of speech are : "Big enough and
sharp enough"? To what noun do they refer?
Explain "don't," "I'll," "you'll."
Ask what part of speech is "something."
Let the pupils give the principal parts of the verbs :
steal, cost, learn, put, may ; as, "I steal, I stole, I have
stolen."

Ask what parts of speech are "yes," "well."
Call attention to the noun, "teaching" and the verb,
"teach." Let the pupils form similar nouns from the
verbs : run, jump, throw, strike, fall, do. Let six
pupils write six sentences on the blackboard: as, "The
running was good." What is the difference between
"well" and "good" ? Use the words in sentences. Ask
for the comparison of each.

Explain the phrase, "I'll back myself."
Observe that the word "close" is an adverb qualify-
ing "look." The word generally used would be
"closely." Ask what part of speech is so before
"close."

For home work, let the pupils write out sentences
using the words : need, like, water, love, lodge, might,
work, cost, use, farm, want, fancy ; using them as
nouns and verbs ; as, "I need my rest" ; "My need is
great."

II. SELLING THE BROOMS

At first, Hans found that business did not
grow very fast. Yet he sold all he made. As

SELLING THE BROOMS 5

he became quicker in the making, the number
of buyers grew. Soon, everybody said that no
one had such pretty brooms as Hans, and the
more he sold the harder he worked. His mother
soon became happier and more cheerful. "Now
the battle is won," said she. "As soon as one
can gain one's bread honorably, one has the
right to enjoy oneself ; and what can one want
more?" Always, from this time, she had as
much as she liked to eat; nay, even every day
there was something for the next; and she
could have as much bread as she liked. Indeed,
Hans very often brought her even a little white
bread from town, and she felt herself most
happy. How she thanked God for having kept
so many good things for her old days.

Hans was not happy. Indeed, he began to
grumble. "Things cannot go on much longer
this way. He could not put up with it." When
the farmer at last set himself to find out what
that meant, Hans said: "I have too many
brooms to carry. I want a cart to carry them to
market, and have no money to buy one." 'You
are a gaby," said the farmer. "Look you, I
won't have you become one of those people who
think a thing's done as soon as they've dreamed
it. That's the way one spends one's money to
make the fish go into other people's nets. You
want to buy a cart, do you? Why don't you

6 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

make one yourself?" Hans stared at the
farmer with open mouth and great eyes.

MEMORIZE

"Manners are more important than laws.
Upon them, in a great measure, laws depend.
The law touches us but here and there, and
now and then. Manners are what vex or
soothe, corrupt or purify, exalt or debase,
barbarize or refine. They give their whole
form and color to our lives."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Call special attention to Hans' filial love, the reason
for his success, the condition of the family before and
after prosperity, the gratitude of the mother, the rest-
lessness of Hans, and the self-reliance suggested by
the farmer.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

Verbs are divided into Transitive and Intransitive,

according to their meaning.

Transitive Verbs pass the action to the object: as,
"I shut the door."

Intransitive Verbs limit the action to the doer: as,
"I sleep"; "John runs fast."

Let the pupils classify the verbs in the first part of
the lesson into transitive and intransitive.

Observe the words : "business," "buyers," "cheerful,"
"farmer." These are formed from : busy, buy, cheer,
and farm. Let the pupils form similar words from
the following and write them out : ready, lofty, godly ;
run, sell, cut; hope, faith, joy; work, labor, sow.

HANS MAKING A CART 7

Ask for the principal parts of the following verbs:
grow, sell, become, win, can, eat, begin, do, go. Spell
all the words.

Explain "the battle is won."

Let the pupils classify the following pronouns: he,
all, everybody, his, she, oneself, what, every, some-
thing, herself, himself, many. Ask for the definition
of a pronoun.

Review the five groups of pronouns : Personal,
Demonstrative, Interrogative, Relative, and Indefinite.

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the pupils form sentences using
the pronouns given above.

III. HANS MAKING A CART

"I make a cart !" said Hans. "However shall
I? I never made one." "Gaby," answered the
farmer, "one must make everything once for
the first time. Take courage, and it's half done.
If people took courage, there are many now
carrying the beggar's bag who would have
money up to their ears, and good metal, too."
Hans began to get the idea little by little, and
as winter came on he set to work. He got
wood at little cost and chipped it. The farmer
had an old cart which served Hans as a model.
What his friend did not have, he got from one
of the neighbors. The farmer came now and

8 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

then to help him. In the spring, the cart was
ready, and it had only cost Hans a few dollars.
On Easter week, Hans took his brooms to
market in the new cart. It is hard to form a
notion of the joy and pride that this new cart
gave him. It seemed to him that everybody
stopped, as they passed, to look at his cart. He
also told his friends that his cart was better in
many ways than any cart yet seen in the world.
He said that it went of itself, and, going up
hill, all he need do was to touch it with his
hand. A cook said she would not have thought
him so clever, and if ever she wanted a cart,
she would have him do it. After this, whenever
the cook bought a broom, Hans gave her two
little ones into the bargain, to sweep out the
corners with, for she liked to have everything
clean, even the corners. His cart was to Hans
his farm. He worked more busily than ever,
and had real joy in it. It was the joy of getting
things done. The farmers all around <were
pleased with the boy, and all of them wished
him good luck and were always glad to see him.

MEMORIZE

"The sad, slow dawn of winter ; frozen trees
And trampled snow within a lonely wood ;
One shrouded form, which to the city flees;
• . And one, .a masquer, lying in his blood."

HANS MAKING A CART 9

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Emphasize self-help ; neighborly kindness ; the ex-
hilaration of a new thing; a reciprocal kindness.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

Some verbs are used only in the third person : as,
"It rains," "It snows." Those verbs are called
Impersonal Verbs.

Let the pupils find the intransitive verbs in the
lesson. Ask what kind of verb is in the sentence : "It
seemed to him."

Ask for adjectives before : Cart, Hans, farmer, gaby,
courage, and people, in the first part of the lesson.

Test the pupils in spelling all the nouns in the lesson.

Explain "it's," "beggar's bag," "it's half done."

Let the pupils write on the blackboard: "Two men
are not too many to ride in a buggy."

Explain: "Get the idea little by little." "Little by
little" is an adverbial phrase.

Call attention to "an old cart, which, etc.,'-' and "the
farmer, who," etc. Ask why which is in one sentence,
and who is in the other ?

Call attention to: "a little cost," and "a few dollars."
Little refers to bulk, few refers to numbers. The same
is true of much and many. Let the pupils form sen-
tences illustrative of their use.

Why has Easter a capital?
' Explain "His cart was to Hans his farm."

Let the pupils give and spell the adjectives corre-
sponding to the adverbs in the story.

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the pupils form sentences using

10 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

the following words : little, enough, few, much, many,
any, flock, lock, swarm, warm, herd, heard, hard, two,
toe, tow.

IV. HANS' HOME

Hans' mother always saw that as soon as her
son got home there was enough to eat. She
knew that it means a great deal whether a
man finds something ready to eat, when he
comes home, or not. He who knows there will
be something at home does not stop in the
saloon; he gets home with an empty stomach,
and he is fed and is highly pleased with all
about him. But when he finds nothing ready
when he gets home, he stops on the road, comes
in when he has had enough or too much, and
grumbles right and left. Hans was not a miser,
but thrifty. For things really useful and fit,
he did not look at the money. He made a good
bed for himself, and when he had saved enough
to buy a knife or a good tool, he was quite up
in the air. He dressed well, not gaily, but
solidly. It was easily seen that Hans was going
up in the world; not that he ever put on any-
thing fine, but he was clean and looked care-
fully after his things. Indeed, everybody liked
to see him, and was glad to know that he was
getting along, not by fraud, but by work. With

HANS' HOME 11

all that, he never forgot his prayers. On Sun-
days he made no brooms; in the morning, he
went to hear the sermon, and in the afternoon
he read a chapter of the Bible to his mother,
whose sight was now failing. After that, he
gave himself a personal treat. This treat con-
sisted in bringing out all his money, counting
it, looking at it, seeing how much it had grown,
and thinking how much it would yet grow. In
business Hans took small money willingly
enough, but never kept it long ; it seemed always
to him that the wind got into it and carried it
off too quickly. The new white silver pieces
gave him an extreme pleasure. When he had
managed to catch a fine Swiss dollar, it made
him happy for many days.

MEMORIZE

"What a scene must a battlefield present.
Thousands are left without help and without
pity. Amid the trampling of horses and the
insults of an enraged foe, their wounds bleed
and their souls are in torment. No one is
near to comfort, no well-known voice to
soothe, no wife, no mother, no sister, to
smooth the brow, to relieve the thirst, to close
their eyes in death."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Emphasize the good housewife ; Hans' thrift and his

12 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

wisdom ; the elements of success ; godliness ; observ-
ance of Sunday; enjoyment of honest wealth.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

Transitive Verbs have two voices, Active and
Passive.

A verb is in the Active Voice when the subject of
the verb acts : as, John strikes the table.

A verb is in the Passive Voice when the subject of
the verb has something done to it: as, The table was
struck by John.

Intransitive verbs cannot have a passive voice.

Write the six following verbs on the blackboard and
let the pupils form sentences in the active and passive
voices : See, get, know, find, save, dress ; as, "I see
the horse," "The horse was seen by me."

Observe: "Hans' mother." Here the s after the
apostrophe is omitted because of the .? immediately
before it.

Explain : "grumbled right and left" ; "he was quite
up in the air" ; "going up in the world" ; "the wind got
into it."

Test the pupils in spelling all the adjectives in the
lesson.

In the first part of the story, show how the verbs
are in the same person and tense, and give the rule
that a series of verbs having the same noun must be
in the same person.

Ask for the definition of an adjective. Recall that
adjectives may be of two classes : those of quality and
quantity, or number: as, "an empty stomach," "many
days," etc.

HANS' TRIALS 13

Ask what parts of speech are: "Carried off too
quickly" ; "Hans willingly enough took small money."

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the students classify the follow-
ing adjectives into quantity and quality, and form
sentences of them : quick, large, one, rich, both, small,
high, much, little, many, some, few, poor.

V. HANS' TRIALS

Hans had his trials. It was a bad day for
him when he lost a customer, or when he had
thought of placing a dozen brooms anywhere
and found himself briskly sent from the door
with: "We've got all we want; go away." At
first, this troubled him very much, not knowing
that there are people who change their cook as
often as their shirt — sometimes oftener — and
that he couldn't expect new cooks to know him
at first sight. He asked himself: "What have
I failed in? Have my brooms come undone,
or has anyone spoken ill of me?" He took it
much to heart, and would plague himself all
night to find out the real cause. But soon he
took things more coolly, and when a cook sent
him about his business, he thought to himself:
"Bah! cooks are human beings, like other
people; and when the master or mistress has
been rough with them, because they have put

14 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

too much pepper in the soup, or too much salt
in the sauce, or when their lover is gone to
Newland, the poor girls have the right to
quarrel with somebody else."

Hans, however, was a man. Whenever one
had trod on his toes, she must be very clever
afterwards to get the least twig of a broom
from him. Every time she tried, Hans said:
"I'm very sorry, I haven't a broom left that
will suit you." The parson's wife one day told
him: "You are just like other people, and are
satisfied with putting a few long twigs all
around, and then bad ones in the middle."
'Then you may as well get your brooms from
somebody else," said Hans. He held to this so
well, that the lady died without ever having
been able to get the shadow of a broom from
him.

Hans also found that the cart now did not
go of itself, as it did at first. He found that it
pulled too hard, and that something must be
wrong with it. He was obliged to stop, take
breath, and wipe his forehead.

MEMORIZE

"A full sun blazing with unclouded day,

Till the bright waters mingle with the sky;
And on the dazzling verge, uplifted high,
White sails mysterious slowly pass away."

HANS' TRIALS 15

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Bring out Hans' sensitiveness ; the variety of people
met with; Hans' stubbornness; the harsh judgment
of even good people.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

Verbs have four moods : Indicative, Subjunctive,
Imperative, and Infinitive.

The Indicative Mood is a verb stating that an action
is done, has been, or will be done, or asks a direct
question: as, "James talks"; "Who sings?"

The Subjunctive Mood is a verb stating that an
action is uncertain or depends on something else : as,
"Love not sleep, lest it bring thee to poverty."

The Imperative Mood is a verb expressing com-
mand : as, "Call him back."

The Infinitive Mood is a verb simply stating what
the action is : as, to sing.

Let the pupils find samples of the verb in the in-
dicative, imperative, and infinitive moods in the first
part of the lesson.

Ask the pupils to spell and define : customer, briskly,
troubled, plague, quarrel, clever, afterwards, parson,
satisfied, shadow, obliged, forehead.

Explain : "plague himself" ; "to be rough with" ;
"gone to Newland" ; "tread on his toes" ; "get the
shadow of a broom."

Ask for the comparison of the following adjectives:
bad, good, much, often, new, human, poor, thin,
clever, little, hard. Let the pupils write out the com-
parison.

Ask for other forms like : "we've" ; "couldn't" ; etc.

16 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

Notice: "Master," "mistress." Call attention to the
gender of nouns, and ask for the gender of boy, child,
stone, parent, uncle, lass, goose, sheep, cow, king.

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the students write out sentences
using the following words : master, mistress, lad, lass,
bad, worse, fine, ugly, uglier, stronger, cow, bull,
honest, most honest.

VI. HANS IN FAVOR

Hans was in great favor with the farmers'
wives. They never had been in the habit of
setting any money aside for buying brooms;
they told their husbands to make them. But
we know how things go that way. Men are too
lazy to get fire wood, not to say anything about
making brooms. So the loving wives were in a
great famine of brooms, and the peace of the
home had greatly to suffer for it. But Hans
was there before they had time to think, and it
was very rarely that one had to say to him:
"Hans, don't forget us; we're at our last
broom." Besides this favor of Hans', his
brooms were of the finest; very different from
the wretched things which one's grumbling
husband tied up loose, or as rough and rugged
as if they had been made of oat straw.

HANS IN FAVOR 17

When Hans gave a broom for nothing, it
was not the worst in his stock. Besides srettine:
twigs for nothing, all the year around, he was
getting little presents in bread and milk, and
such kinds of things, which a farmer's wife has
always under her hand, and which she gives
without looking too closely. Also, rarely one
churned butter without saying to him : "Hans,
we beat butter tomorrow ; if you like to bring a
pot, you shall have some of the beaten." And
as for fruit, he had more than he could eat of
it. Thus, things going on in this way, it could
not fail that Hans should prosper. He was
very thrifty. If he spent as much as a dime on
the day he went to the town, he would never
spend more. In the morning, his mother took
care he had a good breakfast, after which he
also took something in his pocket, and then
sometimes here and sometimes there, one gave
him a morsel in the kitchens where he was well
known ; and finally he didn't always think that
he ought always to have something to eat the
moment he had a mind to it.

MEMORIZE

"Look not mournfully into the past, it comes
not back again ; wisely improve the present,
it is thine ; go forth to meet the shadowy
future without fear, and with a manly heart."

18 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Observe : the qualities of husbands ; the reward of
good workmanship ; the reciprocity of friendship ; and
the ways of thrift.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

Verbs ending in ed, en, ing, are called Participles.

The form of ing is called the Present participle.

The forms of ed and en are called the Past parti-
ciples.

Let the pupils study : Setting money aside ; buying
brooms ; making brooms. Here the participle governs
an object.

Sometimes the participle is used as an adjective: as,
grumbling husbands ; loving wives.

Notice that nouns ending in ing must be distin-
guished from participles: as, "The building (noun) is
fine." "He is building (participle) a house."

Test the pupils in spelling the following verbs : is,
tell, make, know, go, get, say, suffer, think, forget,
grumble, churn, prosper. Ask them to give the prin-
cipal parts of the verbs and tell which are regular and
which irregular.

Write the following on the blackboard: wife, king,
lion, aunt, prince, duke, heir, actor, murderer, boy, lad,
hero, peer, giant, count. Let the students write the
word corresponding in gender.

Ask for an explanation of : "famine of brooms" ;
"at our last broom" ; "without looking too closely" ;
"there before they had time to think."

What parts of speech are the following words : aside,
finest, grumbling, worse, without, thrifty, more, some-
times, always.

HANS MEETS A FRIEND 19

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the pupils write a composition
of sixty words about the things they have in their
rooms.

VII. HANS MEETS A FRIEND

Hans came to a place where the women
rested their baskets. Upon the bench sat a
young girl, holding a little bundle beside her,
and shedding hot tears. Hans, who had a kind
heart, asked her what she was crying for. The
young girl told him : "I must go to town and I
am very much afraid. My father is a shoe-
maker and all his best customers are in the
town. I have carried my bundle of shoes for a
long time on market days, and nothing has
ever happened to me. But a new officer has
come to town, who is very cross, and who has
tormented me every Tuesday for some time
back. He has threatened to put me in prison
if I come again. I have begged my father not
to send me, but he is as severe as the soldier,
and said I had to go always, and if anyone
hurt me, he would attend to it ; but what would
that help me?"

Hans was touched with pity. Above all, on
account of the trust the young girl had had in

20 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

telling him all this. She would not have done
this to everybody. "But she has seen at once
that I am not a bad fellow, and that I have a
kind heart," thought he. "Well," said Hans,
"I'll help you. Give me your bag. I'll put it
among my brooms, and nobody will see it.
Everybody knows me. Not a soul will think
I've got your shoes. You've only to tell me
where to leave them. You can follow a little
way off — nobody will think we have anything
to do with each other." 'You are really very
good," said she, and brought her package, which
Hans hid so nicely that a cat wouldn't have
seen it. "Shall I push, or help you to pull?"
asked the young girl, as if it had been a matter
of course that she should also do her part in
the work. "As you like best, though you needn't
mind; it isn't a pair or two of shoes that will
make my cart much heavier."

The young girl began by pushing; but that
did not last long. Presently she found herself
in front, pulling also by the pole. "It seems to
me that the cart goes better so," said she. In
town they were separated. Hans did not think
long about her, for she was not one to dazzle
his eyes. She was a stunted little girl, with a
broad face. She had a good heart and great
love for work, but people did not take notice of
these.

HANS MEETS A FRIEND 21

MEMORIZE

"Two at a banquet board alone,
In dalliance, the feast being done.
And one behind the arras stands,
Grasping an axe with quivering hands."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Bring out: Hans' kind heart; the trust of misery;
the good qualities of a homely girl.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

The Participle endings cd and en are also used in
adjectives: as, a wicked man; a drunks husband.

Let the pupils find the participles used in the first
half of the lesson and state what kind they are.

Let the pupils read the above poem carefully, tell
what it means, and parse the words "grasping" and
"quivering" in the last line.

Write on the blackboard the words : weep, push, pitv,
tell, think, leave ; and ask the pupils to form the
present participle of each and give examples of their
use as verbs and adjectives.

Ask the pupils what is the difference in the use of
the word pushing in the following sentences : "She
helped him by pushing." "She was pushing the cart."

Test the pupils in spelling the following words:
baskets, bench, bundle, tears, afraid, shoemaker, hap-
pened, torments, prison, severe, touched, everybody,
fellow, package, matter, course, dazzle, stunted, notice.
See also that the pupils know what these words mean.

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the pupils write out sentences
using the above words which they have spelled.

22 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

VIII. HANS AND HIS MOTHER IN

COUNCIL

Hans grew gay. He whistled and sang all
the day. He bought himself a new coat. His
mother said: "Hans does not put all in his
clothes ; he has some money too. If God spares
him, I'll wager he'll come to have a cow; but
it's not likely I shall be spared to see it."

"Mother," said Hans one day, "the cart gets
heavier. It is getting really too much for me."
"I dare say," said the mother ; "why do you go
on loading it more every day? Put a dozen or
two of brooms less on it, and it will roll again
all right." "That's impossible, mother; I never
have enough as it is." "But, Hans, suppose
you get a donkey?" "No, mother," said Hans,
"they are as self-willed as devils ; and then what
should I do with a donkey the other five days
of the week? No, mother, I was thinking of a
wife; what say you?" "But, Hans, I think a
goat or a donkey would do much better. A
wife! What would you do with a wife?"
"Do!" said Hans. "What other people do, I
suppose; then, I thought she would help me
to draw the cart, which goes ever so much
better with another hand; without counting
that, she could plant potatoes between times,
and help me to make my brooms, which I

HANS AND HIS MOTHER IN COUNCIL 23

couldn't get a goat or a donkey to do." "But,
Hans, do you think to find one then who will
help you to draw the cart, and will be clever
enough to do all that ?" asked the mother. "Oh,
mother, there's one who has helped me already
often with the cart," said Hans, "and who will
be good for a great deal besides; but as to
whether she would marry me or not, I don't
know, for I haven't asked her. I thought that
I would tell you first." 'You rogue of a boy,
what's that you tell me there? You are also
like that? The good God Himself might have
told me, and I wouldn't have believed Him.
You've got a girl to help you to pull the cart !
A pretty business to put her to. Ah, well, —
trust men after this !"

Hans told her everything that he knew about
the girl, which did not displease the mother;
and the more she thought of it, the more it all
seemed to her very proper. She inquired about
the girl and learned that nobody knew the least
harm of her. She did all she could to help her
parents, who were poor, so Hans could not
expect anything with her. "Ah, well, it's all
the better," thought she, "for neither of them
can have much to say to the other." The next
day Hans took his cart, his mother said to him :
"Well, speak to that girl; if she consents, so
will I, but I can't run after her. Tell her to

24 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

come here on Sunday, that I may see her, and at
least we can talk a little. If she is willing to be
nice, it will all go very well. For indeed, it
must happen some time or other, I suppose."

MEMORIZE

"Sincerity is to speak as we think, to do as
we pretend and profess, to perform and make
good what we promise, and really to be what
we appear to be."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Call attention to : Hans' happiness ; his filial love ;
his conception of a wife's place ; his mother's surprise ;
her acquiescence ; the terms imposed by the mother.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

Action may be today, yesterday or tomorrow; hence,
verbs can be in the Present, Past, or Future. These
are called Tenses, and indicate the time when an act
takes place : as, "I speak today" ; "I spoke yesterday" ;
"I shall speak tomorrow."

Let the pupils state what is the tense of each verb
in the first part of the lesson.

Explain: "plant potatoes between times"; "willing
to be nice" ; "it will all go very well."

Test the pupils in spelling and in the meaning of:
whistled, coat, money, heavier, impossible, self-willed,
donkey, suppose, counting, potatoes, besides, displease,
expect, consents, happen.

Let the pupils write the days of the week on the
blackboard.

HANS' COURTSHU' 25

Ask why the words "God Himself" are in capital
letters ? Review the rules on the use of capitals.

Let the pupils point out the adverbs in the lesson.

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the pupils write a composition
of sixty words describing the streets of the city.

IX. HANS' COURTSHIP

When Hans set out with his cart, he again
found the young girl in the same place. Once
more they pulled the cart together. Hans said,
"It certainly goes as quick again when there are
thus two cattle at the same cart." 'Yes, I've
often thought," said the young girl, "that it is
very foolish of you not to get somebody to help
you; all the business would go twice as easily,
and you could gain twice as much." "What
would you have?" said Hans. "Sometimes one
thinks too soon of a thing, sometimes too late.
But now it really seems to me that I should
like to have somebody for a help; if you were
of the same mind, you would be just the good
thing for me. If that suits you, I'll marry
you." "Well, why not, — if you don't think
me too ugly, nor too poor?" answered the
young girl. "Once you've got me, it will be
too late to despise me. As for me, I could

26 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

scarcely fall in with a better chance. One
always gets a husband, — but, alas, of what
sort ! You are quite good enough for me ; you
take care of your affairs, and I don't think
you'll treat a wife like a dog." "My wife will
be as much master as I; if she is not pleased
with that, I don't know what more to do," said
Hans. "I don't think you will be worse off
with me than you have been at home. If that
suits you, come to see us on Sunday. It's my
mother who told me to ask you, if you liked to
be her daughter-in-law." "Liked! But what
could I want more? I am used to submit my-
self and take things as they come. I never
thought that a hard word made a hole in me,
else by this time I shouldn't have had a bit of
skin left as big as a dime. But, all the same, I
must tell my people, as the custom is."

Sunday, the mother examined the girl upon
the garden and the kitchen, and what book of
prayers she used, and whether she could read
in the New Testament, and also in the Bible,
for said the old woman: "It was very bad for
the children, and it was always they who suf-
fered, if the mother knew nothing of the
Word." The girl pleased her, and the affair
was concluded. "You won't have a beauty
there," said she to Hans before the girl, "nor
much to crow about in what she has got. But

HANS' COURTSHIP 27

it isn't beauty that makes the pot boil. When
one has health and work in one's arms, one
gets along always."

MEMORIZE

"Above the abyssmal undivided deep

A train of glory streaming from afar ;
And in the van, to wake the worlds from sleep,
One on whose forehead shines the Morning Star."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Bring out Hans' idea of married life ; the girl's idea ;
the girl's lot at home ; the test of the mother.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

Review the punctuation marks.

Ask the pupils to write the months of the year on the
blackboard.

Let the pupils spell the following and give the plural :
place, body, business, marriage, chance, husband, wife,
suit, Sunday, daughter, people, kitchen.

Explain why capitals are used in the words : Bible,
etc., in the latter part of the lesson.

Notice the plural of "daughter-in-law" is "daughters-
in-law."

Explain : "A hard word made a hole in me" ; "not
much to crow about" ; "beauty won't make the pot
boil" ; "work in one's arms."

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the pupils write a composition of
sixty words, on any subject, using all the punctuation
marks they know.

28 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

X. HANS MARRIED

Hans found the old cart went well. "I never
could believe," said he, "that a cart could have
taken itself up so and become so changed for
the better." More than one girl, however, said
that she would have done for him quite as well.
"If I thought him in a hurry, I could have put
myself on his road and prevented him from
looking at this rubbishy rag of a girl." She
thought Hans a goose. "He will repent very
soon. All the worse for him; it is his
own fault. As one makes one's bed, one lies
in it."

Hans was no goose, however. He never
found anything to repent of. He had a little
wife who was just the very thing he wanted, —
a little modest, busy wife, to make him as
happy as if he had married Heaven itself in
person. Of course, his wife did not long help
Hans push the cart. He saw a son in the home.
"What a fellow," said he; "in a wink he will be
big enough to help me himself." In a little
while his wife wanted to come again to help
him. "If only we make a little haste to get
back," said she, "the little one can wait well
enough; besides, grandmother can give him
something to drink while we are away." But
the child was not of their mind. As they re-

HANS MARRIED 29

turned, the wife cried out: "Mercy! What's
that ?" There was a shriek and cry like a little
pig when it is being killed. "Mercy on us;
what's the matter?" and leaving the cart she
ran off at full speed, and there, sure enough,
were the grandmother and the child. Handing
the child to the mother, the grandmother said :
"No, I won't have him alone any more. In my
life I never saw such a little wretch. I had
rather go and draw the cart." These worthy
people thus learned what it is to have a tyrant
in one's house; but that did not stop their
household ways.

The little wife found plenty to do staying at
home, gardening and helping to make the
brooms. Without ever hurrying anything, she
worked without ceasing and was never tired.
So things ran under her hand. Hans was all
surprise to find that he got along so well with a
wife, and that his purse was growing fatter so
fast. Every year grew new twigs to make
the brooms with ; every year also, without put-
ting herself much about, his wife gave him a
new baby; every day it cried a little; every day
grew a little, and in the turn of a hand it was
of use for something. The grandmother saw
him buy a little field; then a goat, and then a
cow. And if the poor old woman had lived
two more years, she would even have seen Hans

30 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

become himself the owner of the little cottage
in which she had lived so long.

MEMORIZE

"Sorrow is the noblest of all discipline.
It is a scourge, but there is healing in its
stripes. It is a cup, and the drink is bitter,
but strength proceeds from the bitterness. It
is a crown of thorns, but it becomes a wreath
of light on the brow which it pierces."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Call attention to : how others judged Hans ; the
character of his home ; the conduct of his wife ; Hans'
prosperity.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

Every action has three states to it : Indefinite : as, I
write; Progressive: as, I am writing; Complete: as,
I have -written.

These three states are found in every tense: as,

Present: I sing; I am singing; I have sung.

Past: I sang; I was singing; I had sung.

Future : I shall sing ; I shall be singing ; I shall have
sung.

Let the pupils give the three forms in the three
tenses, using the following verbs : find, go, believe,
take, change, say.

Ask for explanations of : "rubbishy rag of a girl" ;
"Hans was a goose" ; "one makes one's bed" ; "in a
wink he will be big" ; "a tyrant in one's house."

Let the students spell and explain: repent, modest,

HANS' CHILDREN 31

wink, return, mercy, wretch, rather, tyrant, cottage.
Always refer to the text if the students do not readily
give the meaning of the word.

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the pupils write you a letter
about the school and the work they are doing.

XL HANS' CHILDREN

Hans did not change his way of living. As
he grew richer, his strength for work became
always greater. His wife had the difficult art
of making the children serve themselves, each
according to his age; not with many words
either, and she herself scarcely knew how. The
children took care of each other, helped their
father to make his brooms, and their mother in
her work about the house. None of them had
the least idea of the pleasure of doing nothing,
nor dreamed of lying around, and yet not one
was over-worked or neglected. They grew like
willows on a brookside, full of vigor and gaiety.

The parents had no time for idling with
them ; but the children nevertheless knew their
love and saw how pleased they were when their
little ones did their work well. Their parents
prayed with them. On Sunday the father read
them a chapter of the Bible, which he explained

32 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

as well as he could, and on this account the
children were full of respect for him. Hans
was held in esteem by his children. He was so
decided and so sure; his words were "full of
good sense; he was honorable in everything;
he never set himself up as rich, nor complained
of being poor. Many a pretty lady would come
expressly into the kitchen when she heard that
the broom merchant was there, to inform her-
self how things went in the country, and how
such and such a matter was turning out. Nay,
in many of the houses, he was trusted to lay
in their winter provisions, a business which
brought him many a portion.

MEMORIZE

"Long-rolling surges of a falling sea,

Smiting the sheer cliffs of an unknown shore ;
And by a fanged rock, swaying helplessly,
A mast with broken cordage — nothing more."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Mark the qualities of a good father and a wise
provider ; the wise mother.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

The verb do is used with other verbs in the present
and past when the actor wants to emphasize the act;
as, "I do love" ; "I did love."

HANS' CHILDREN 33

When do is used in questions, it is not emphatic ; as,
"Do you read ?"

Let the pupils take the verbs in the first part of the
lesson and put them in an emphatic form : as, "He
did grow richer."

Let the pupils turn simple sentences into interroga-
tive sentences : as, "He grew richer" ; "Did he grow
richer?"

Call attention to compound words : as, over-worked ;
brook-side. Other words made up in like manner
have dropped the hyphen : as, never-the-less ; every-
thing. Hence two words may be joined together to
make a new word:

i. Two nouns: rail-road; steam-boat.

2. An adjective and a noun : black-bird, blue-bell.

3. A verb and a noun : tell-tale ; scare-crow.

4. A noun and a verb : back-b?te ; way-lay.

5. Two adjectives: red-hot; fair-haired.

Let the pupils state what part of speech are the
following words : "Way of living" ; "each according to
his age" ; "the pleasure of doing nothing" ; "the chil-
dren were full of respect for him" ; "lay in their winter
provisions."

Remind the scholars that adverbs answer the ques-
tions: when, where, how, and why, of an action or
quality.

Let the pupils spell and write out the comparison of
the following adverbs : well, ill, much, forth, far, late,
near.

Let the students find the adverbs in the lesson.

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the students write a dozen
sentences illustrating the emphatic and the interroga-
tive use of do in the present and past tense.

34 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

XII. HANS IN WEALTH

One Saturday Hans was not in market with
his brooms. All people missed him. When he
came again, they asked him where he was. He
simply replied, "I was obliged to go to the
funeral." They asked, "Whose funeral?" He
answered, "My sister's." "And who was she ?"
When the broom merchant answered briefly
and frankly, the women who questioned said:
"Mercy on us! Are you the brother of that
woman who left a fortune?" "It is precisely
so," answered Hans dryly. "But goodness of
heaven," replied the women, "you inherited
50,000 crowns at least, and, behold, you still
run over the country with your brooms."
"Why not?" said Hans; "I have not got that
money yet, and I am not going to let go of a
sparrow in the hand for a pigeon on the tile."
"A pigeon on the tile, indeed !" said the women.
"Why, the thing is perfectly sure." "Ah, well,
my faith, so much the better," said Hans, "but
I called to ask, must you have the brooms in
eight or fifteen days?"

In fulness of time Hans got the money.
When his wife saw him come back so rich,
she began first to cry and then to scream.
Hans asked her, "What is the matter?" "Ah,
now," said the wife, "you will despise me be-

HANS IN WEALTH 35

cause you are so rich, and think that you would
like to have another sort of wife than me. I
have done what I could to this day; but now I
am nothing but an old rag. If only I was
already six feet under ground." Hans sat him-
self down in the arm chair and said: "Wife,
listen. Here are now nearly thirty years that
we have kept house, and thou knowest that
what one would have, the other would have too.
I have never once beaten thee, and the words
we have said to each other would be easily
counted. Well, wife, I tell thee, do not begin
to be ill tempered now, or do anything else
than you have always done. Everything must
remain between us as in the past. This in-
heritance does not come from me nor from
thee; but from the good God for us two and
for our children. And now I advise thee, and
hold it for as sure a thing as if it were written
in the Bible, if thou speakest again of this to me
but once, be it with crying or without, I will
give thee a beating with a new rope like as
that they may hear thee crying from here to the
big lake. Behold what is said ; now do as thou
wilt." It was firmly spoken; the wife knew
where she was and did not beein her sone
again.

Before giving up his brooms, Hans gave a
turn of his hands to them and made a present

36 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

of a dozen to all his customers, carrying them
to each in his own person. He has repeated
many a time since, and nearly always with
tears in his eyes, that it was a day he never
could forget, and that he never would have
believed people loved him so.

He now became a farmer with an active and
simple life; prayed and worked as he had al-
ways done. The good God spared both of
them to see their sons-in-law happy in their
wives; their daughters-in-law full of respect
and tenderness for their husbands. The virtues
which the children learned at home remained
their stay in domestic life; the love of work
and religion are foundations which cannot be
overthrown. They are unmoved by mocking
chance and wavering winds.

MEMORIZE

"The day of life, spent in honest and
benevolent labor, comes in hope to an evening
calm and lovely. Though the sun declines,
the shadows that it leaves behind are only to
curtain the spirit into rest."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Call attention : to Hans' wisdom in prosperity ; to
his wife's fears ; to their confidence in God ; to the
blessing of good children.

HANS IN WEALTH 37

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

The Verb follows the number of the subject.

If the subject is singular, the verb is also singular:
as, he reads.

If the subject is plural, the verb is plural: as, we
read.

The verb has three persons, corresponding to the
pronouns.

The First person has no ending: as, I speak, we
speak.

The Second person, as generally used, is the same
in the singular and plural, and has no ending: as, you
speak. If thou is used, the verb ends in est: as, thou
speaks.

The Third person in the singular has 5 added: as,
he speaks. The old form eth is found in the Bible, and
is used sometimes by writers ; as, he speaketh. The
plural has no ending: as, they speak.

Let the pupils parse the verbs in the first part of
the lesson: as, "was," part of the verb to be; past
tense, third person, singular, agreeing with Hans.

Let the pupils correct the following and give reasons
for so doing: I says to him. Yesterday he reads to
them. We replies to my Lord. The engine run fine.
You speaks like a judge. Last year, they runs the show.

Let the students spell the following words and ex-
plain them : funeral, frankly, precisely, dryly, heaven,
inherited, country, perfectly, fifteen, despise, tempered,
inheritance, advice, believed, tenderness, domestic,
foundations, wavering.

Collect home work.

For home work, let the pupils write a composition
describing a happy family they know.

The Trials of Gerard
xiii. pitying the needy

Gerard, the son of a poor storekeeper, had
gained great skill in writing and in copying.
So when the Prince of Holland offered a prize
for the best writing and coloring, he made up
his mind to try for the prize. His work was
so good that it was the best of all, and the
Prince sent for him. So Gerard went to
Rotterdam, where the prizes were given to the
winners. He dressed himself in his best
clothes, took with him some food, and started
on the journey.

The journey was long, and he was pretty
tired, but a few miles from Rotterdam, he fell
in with a pair who were far more tired than he.
They were an old man and a comely young
woman. The old man sat on the roadside,
quite worn out, and the young woman, holding
his hand, was the picture of misery. Gerard's
quick eye took in their need. He noticed the
old man's pale face, and saw the tears in the
young woman's eyes. Many had passed them
by, but Gerard could not, so he turned to the
man and said: "Father, I fear you are tired."

PITYING THE NEEDY 39

''Indeed, my son, I am," replied he, "and faint
for lack of food." The young lady said it was
her fault, for bringing her father so far from
home. "No, no," replied the old man; "it is not
the length of the journey; it is the want of
food."

Gerard, without a moment's delay, and quite
as a matter of course, fell to gathering sticks,
and soon a fire was lighted. He then pulled
down his wallet, from which he took an iron
flask, which he put on the fire. He then said to
the girl, "Mind the pot, and do not let it spill,
for heaven's sake ; here is a stick with which to
hold it safe." Gerard left them, ran to a corn
field close by, and soon was back with two
straws in his hand. The soup was hot by this
time, and the old man asked: "How are we to
get it to our mouths?" The daughter said:
"Father, the young man has brought us
straws." "Ha, ha," said he, "but my poor
bones are stiff, and the fire is too hot for a body
to kneel over with short straws." Gerard, how-
ever, was not idle. He brought together a few
big stones and placed them in front of the old
man. He then wrapped his hand in a towel
and whipped the flask from the fire, wedged it
between the stones, and it was under the old
man's nose. He gave the straw to the father,
who eagerly began to drink.

40 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

When his hunger was appeased, he cried:
"Blessed be the nation that has such soup, and
the woman who made it, and the young man
who brings it to needy folk. I was weary and
heart-sick a moment ago, but now I am brave
as an eagle." The young lady, turning to the
young man, said: "Your mother, who made
this soup, would not be pleased to have her son
give all and take none himself. Why brought
you but two straws?" "Fair mistress," said
Gerard, "I hoped you would let me put my lips
to your straw." The young lady blushed.
"Never beg that you can command ; the straw is
not mine, but yours." They both used the one
straw, and Gerard said : "Now it belongs to us
both. Let us divide it." "By all means," said
the young lady. So Gerard cut it in two, say-
ing : "I keep half and you the other."

MEMORIZE

"Cold dawn, which flouts the abandoned hall,
And one worn face, which loathes it all ;
! In his ringed hand a vial, while

The grey lips wear a ghastly smile."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Call attention to : Gerard's sympathy ; his ingenuity ;
his affection.

GERARD AT THE FEAST 41

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

There are two classes of Verbs.

The First class form the past tense by change in the
body of the verb : as, "I write," "I wrote." These are
called Irregular verbs.

The Second class form the past tense by adding d or
ed to the present: as, "I move, I moved"; "I jump, I
jumped." These are called Regular verbs.

Let the pupils classify the verbs in the first part of
the lesson into regular and irregular.

Let the pupils spell the following: storekeeper,
gained, copying, offered, writing, coloring, prize,
winner, dressed, wallet, flask, kneel, whip, faint, blush.
Try the pupils in putting words of like meaning in
place of those in the lesson.

Let the pupils parse: "Gerard gives him food.'''
"Gerard was skilful in copying." "Gerard dressed
himself."

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the pupils write a composition
describing the show they last attended.

XIV. GERARD AT THE FEAST

Gerard, after the meal was over, asked the
young lady where they were going. She re-
plied: "To Rotterdam." "That is the place to
which I also go," said the young man with a
merry smile. So the trio started again on their
journey. Gerard now looked at their clothing.

42 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

The old man wore a gown, a fur, and a velvet
cap. The young lady was dressed in plain
russet cloth, and that part of her neck not
covered by her dress had some snow-white lawn
over it, while around her throat was a band of
gold lace.

Before starting, Gerard had packed what
was left of his simple fare in his wallet, and was
now doing his best to tie the ribbon as his
mother had tied it. Margaret — for that is the
young lady's name — watched him shyly, and
offered to help him. So two well-shaped, white
hands were soon playing nimbly around that
ribbon, moulding it into shape with soft and
airy touches. Then, for the first time, a
heavenly thrill ran through the young man's
heart. Margaret, without thinking, prolonged
the feeling. When, at last, the taper fingers
had made the knot, she touched it with the
hollow palm of her hand, as much as to say:
"Now be a good knot and stay so." When the
palm kiss was given the ribbon, the young
man's heart leaped to meet it. Margaret
sweetly and simply said: "There, that is how
it was," and lowered her eyes before the long-
ing gaze of her lover.

They soon reached the city, and made their
way to the palace, where the Prince and all
the winners of prizes were to meet. Margaret

GERARD AT THE FEAST 43

and her father would never have been allowed
to enter had it not been for Gerard. He carried
a pass signed by the Prince, as well as a letter
to the Princess, and when the guards stopped
his friends, he said he would not enter unless
they allowed his friends to enter also. A royal
banquet was made ready, and the three friends
sat together at table. The large hall was beau-
tiful; on the tables were laid many sweet
smelling flowers, bright lights burned on all
sides, costly pictures were on the walls, and
sweet music floated through the air. But to
Gerard there was no beauty like that of Mar-
garet's eyes, no music like that of her voice, and
the young lady was happy in his company.
"Where will you stay over night?" asked
Gerard. Margaret answered, "With a relative
of ours, whom we expect to meet in this hall."
As she said these words, the relative came to
them. The man also asked Gerard to spend the
evening in his home. This was untold joy to
the young man. He said: "I must first go to
find the Princess and give her this letter, then
I will join you." The friends left the hall,
Gerard going to find the Princess, Margaret
and her father going to the house of their
relative.

The voung man soon found that the rooms
of Princesses could not be easily entered. He

44 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

saw foppish young men barring his entrance,
and making fun of his looks and his clothes.
It was now late, and he was told to come in
the morning. Gerard, however, stood there,
and one of the maids, pitying him, took his
letter to the Princess. To the surprise of all,
he was at once asked to enter, and the royal
young lady kept him longer than he thought
she would. When he came out, it was late. By
the time he reached the house where Margaret
stayed, he found the house all dark, and the
friends gone to rest for the night. Gerard was
beside himself. His soul had gone forth to this
young woman, and he longed to know where
she lived. She was in this house, and he could
not leave the spot. He knew only one great
longing — to see her face and hear her voice
once more. He made up his mind to stay there
all night and see her in the morning. He did
not count upon the cold and the long hours of
darkness. After a while, he thought he might
find some place where he could lie down. He
searched around the house, and found none. In
his trouble, he could only think of one possi-
bility — he might try the kitchen window, which
was level with the ground. He tried it, and his
clever soul found a way to open it. As he
opened it, a hand caught him so firmly that it
was useless to squirm or try to escape. With-

GERARD AT THE FEAST 45

out a word, he was hurried to prison and at
daylight tried for house-breaking.

MEMORIZE

"Life is rich for its affections. The love
of the child for the parent spreads to brothers,
sisters, and companions. The parent's love
for the child spreads from family to friends,
from friends to mankind, and from the house-
hold hearth to the infinite and eternal heights
of heaven."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Call attention to the princess — to the fops — to the
rashness of Gerard.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

The verbs be, have, shall, will, and do, are used to
form the tenses of other verbs and are called
Auxiliary Verbs.

These verbs are conjugated in the present and past
tenses. The verb to be, is conjugated as follows:

Indicative Mood

Present Tense

Past Tense

Singular

Plural

Singular

Plural

I am

we are

I was

you were

you are

you were

he is

they are

he was

they were

46 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

Subjunctive Mood
Present Tense Past Tense

Singular Plural Singular Plural

I be we be I were we were

you be you be you were you were

he be they be he were they were

Imperative Mood: Singular and Plural: be (you).

Infinitive Mood: To be.

Present Participle: Being.

Past Participle: Been.

Let the pupils give the present and past tenses of:
shall, will, have, do.

Let the students spell and explain : observed, russet,
replied, ribbon, slyly, nimbly, moulding, thrill, taper,
fingers, hollow, palm, knot, leaped, simply, lowered,
banquet, royal, friends, unless, table, beautiful, costly,
picture. See if the pupils can put other words for
these in the lesson.

Notice: "Margaret and Gerard were at the banquet."
Here the verb is in the plural, because the two sub-
jects are connected with and. Hence the rule, when
two singular nouns are connected by and, the verb is
in the plural. Form other exercises to illustrate the
rule.

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the pupils write a dozen sen-
tences illustrating the above rule in grammar.

XV. GERARD IN THE TOWER

Everything was against Gerard. He was
tried and the judge sent him to the tower as a

GERARD IN THE TOWER 47

prisoner. He grieved most that he was not
near his Margaret, for he felt sure that she
pitied him. That was true. Margaret won-
dered where her lover was and was only able
to learn of his plight the second day. Imme-
diately she set to work to help him. She had a
friend, an old soldier, Martin, by name. She
told him her trouble. He soon set to work to
find out where the young man was kept. Hav-
ing found out that he was in the tower, he
carried the news to Margaret. She, pale and
grieved, had written a letter to the Countess,
praying for her help against the cruelty of the
Burgomaster. Martin, however, said: "Put
not your trust in princes." "Alas," said Mar-
garet, "what else have we to trust in?"
"Knowledge," said the soldier. "Well," said
she, "learning will not serve us here." 'Yes,"
said her friend,"wit has been too strong for iron
doors before today. I need no ladder but my
trusty bow." Then he told her how a knight,
imprisoned in a high tower at Brescia, was
helped out, and he said he was going to do the
same for Gerard.

That night, Gerard was in the tower, faint
and hungry. He could not eat the food brought
him. He sat with his arms and his head droop-
ing before him, the picture of hopelessness.
Suddenly something struck the wall beyond

48 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

him, and then rattled on the floor at his feet.
It was an arrow — he saw the white feathers.
A chill ran through him. They meant to kill
him. He waited to see if more arrows came.
He crawled on all fours and took up the arrow.
There was no head to it. He uttered a cry of
hope. Had a friend shot it? He took it up
and felt it all over, and found a soft something
tied to it. He then struck a light, and his heart
bounded with joy. Tied to the arrow was a
skein of silk, and on the arrow itself were
the following words: "Make fast the silk
to your knife and lower to us, but hold your
end fast; then count one hundred and draw
up.

Gerard leaped to the window and saw figures
at the foot of the tower. He waved his bonnet
to them, and then carefully undid the silk, let
down his knife until it ceased to draw, counted
one hundred, then pulled the silk up carefully.
It came up heavier and heavier ; at last he came
to a large knot, and by the knot a stout whip-
cord was tied to the silk. What could this
mean ? While he was puzzling, he heard Mar-
garet's voice, low but clear, saying: "Draw up,
Gerard, until you see liberty." Gerard drew
until he came to another knot, and found a cord
of some thickness to take the place of the whip-
cord. He drew again, and found that he now

GERARD IN THE TOWER 49

had a heavier weight to deal with, and then
the truth suddenly flashed on him. He went
to work with a will, pulling until the sweat
rolled down his cheeks. Looking down at
length in the moonlight, he saw, as it were, a
great snake coming up to him from the deep.
He gave a shout of joy, and lo! a new rope
touched his hand. He dragged it into his prison
cell; at once he made it fast, and then putting
himself into the form of a swimmer, his body
and waist being in the prison and his legs
outside, he worked himself, little by little, out
of the window onto the rope. Gerard now
hung in mid-air. He went down slowly, hand
below hand. Down, down, down, until his feet
were caught by the hands of Martin and Mar-
garet, who put her arms around him. They
stole away along the shadow of the wall and
reached a place of safety.

The following morning, the Burgomaster
went to the prison. He opened the door, and
there was no Gerard. He stood there in won-
der. Where was his prisoner? He saw the
rope and the open window. He was pale and
trembling, and said: "Gone! Gone!" He then
ran from the tower, called his men together,
and started to hunt down the escaped pris-
oner.

50 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

MEMORIZE

"A rain-swept moor at shut of day,
And by the dead, unhappy way
A lonely child untended lies ;
Against the West a wretch who flies."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Call attention to Gerard's friends — the daring of the
prisoner — the duty of obeying the law.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

An Adverb is a word which modifies the meaning
of verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.

Adverbs answer the following questions:

When? as: then, now, soon long, etc. These are
called Adverbs of Time.

Where? as: here, there, thither, etc. These are
called Adverbs of Place.

How? as: well, ill, swiftly, little, quite, yes, no,
indeed. These are Adverbs of Manner.

Why? as: therefore, thence, wherefore, etc. These
are Adverbs of Cause and Effect.

Let the pupils find the adverbs in the first part of
the lesson.

Let the pupils spell and explain: judge, tower,
prisoner, grieved, plight, wondered, soldier, trouble,
cruelty, knowledge, ladder, trusty, imprisoned, helped,
faint, hungry, hopelessness, suddenly, rattled, drooping,
bounded. Let the men substitute words for these in
the lesson.

Notice: "Margaret or Gerard goes to town." Two
nouns in the singular joined by or take the verb in the

THE PURSUIT 51

singular. Practice the pupils in this rule by giving
other examples.

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the pupils write a composition
suggested by the above poem to be memorized.

XVI. THE PURSUIT

Gerard, Margaret, and Martin had spent a
few hours of the night in a small inn, some
miles from the city. They left it early in the
morning and were on the road to their home.
When near the edge of a large wood, they saw
the Burgomaster and his men coming after
them. Martin said: "Straight to the woods.
Win it! Win it! and we will be safe." The
Burgomaster, however, was on horseback and,
making a circuit, he came right in front of
the fleeing party and cut off their entrance to
the wood. Margaret shrieked. The Burgo-
master thought Gerard would dodge him; but
the young man did nothing of the kind. With
a savage, loud cry, he flew right at the Burgo-
master and struck at him with an old oak staff.
The officer fell under the horse's tail, his face
streaming and his collar stained with blood.
The next moment the three were in the woods.
The Burgomaster's yell of fear and revenge

52 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

told them that now it was a race for life or
death. "Follow me," said Martin. They
rushed on, and coming to a safe place, Martin
said: "They cannot find us now." As they
quietly ate their food, Martin said: "Hush,"
and turned pale. "What is it?" asked Gerard.
"Don't you hear anything?" said Martin. "I
do," said the young man. "It sounds sweet,
and the sound blends with the air ; it is a long
way off." "No, no!" said Martin. "It comes
from the pine grove. Come on. Let us reach
a better place than this to stand at bay and die
like soldiers." "What is that sound?" asked
Margaret. "What new peril is it?" "Girl,"
said Martin, "it is a blood hound !"

The old soldier was white: he leaned on his
bow, and both strength and hope left him.
Margaret said: "Come! Be a man! and let
this end." "I am coming," said Martin ; "hurry
will not help us; we cannot shun the hounds,
and the place is hard by." Soon he said: "Get
through this and wait on the other side, for we
must die." "Is that all you can think of?"
said Gerard. "That is all," replied the soldier.
"Then, Martin," said Gerard, "I take the lead ;
you have lost both heart and head. Do as I
do," and he began twisting hazel shoots along
the ground, leaving space for the hounds to
come through, but barring the way of the men.

THE PURSUIT 53

Martin said: "The whole village is after us."
"I care not," said Gerard. This track is
smooth to the dog, but rough to the men. We
will deal first with the hounds, and then with
our enemies. Martin, you stand with your
bow by the side of that ditch ; I go to yon oak
tree. Margaret, you stand with Martin."

Very soon a huge dog pressed out of the
thicket. He lowered his nose for a moment,
and sprang for Gerard's tree, and then rolled
head over heels, dead as a stone, spitted with
an arrow from the bow of Martin. At that
moment, another hound came, smelled his dead
comrade, and, as Gerard rushed out at him, he
saw another white something strike the hound,
and he was in the dust, wounded to death.

There were no more hounds, and Martin was
himself again. The men were making their
way through the thicket. Gerard ran a few
yards another way than that which the men
were taking. Martin and Margaret did the
same thing. As they were running hard,
Martin stopped suddenly, for he saw the Burgo-
master in front of him on horseback. Martin
swore, strung his bow, and lifted his arrow to
the string. Margaret hid her face in her hands.
Before the bow was raised, Martin saw a figure
leap swiftly, like a hawk, on the Burgomaster,
put a handkerchief over his mouth, and whirl

54 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

him from his seat to the ground. It was
Gerard. Martin took hold of Margaret and
pulled her to the place where Gerard stood.
She said: "Oh, my beloved, fly! Leave me,
for I am faint." "No, no," said Gerard ; "death
together, or safety. Mount the horse, and I
will run by your side." Martin leaped on the
horse, Gerard raised Margaret to his side, and
away they galloped, followed by six men. One
of the men drew an arrow and shot at them.
That very moment the horse stepped into a
rabbit hole, and horse and riders fell to the
ground. The enemy thought surely that now
they would catch them. In another instant,
Martin was on his feet, raised his bow, and at
once the fellows sought places of safety. After
some minutes, they heard a mocking laugh, as
Martin galloped away on horseback. All the
men ran out. They saw Gerard and Margaret
far ahead, and the old soldier following after
them. They knew it was useless to follow,
and with drooping heads they returned to look
after their chief and their doers.

'&>'

MEMORIZE

"All truly great and noble minds are al-
ways humble. They are always modest in
their lives. Sir Isaac Newton, one of the
greatest philosophers, on being praised for
his works, said, T have indeed picked up a

IN QUEST OF FOOD 55

few pebbles upon the shore, but the great
ocean of knowledge is still before me.' "

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Call attention to Gerard's courage — to Martin's
fears — to lawlessness when the law is opposed.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

Let the students find the adverbs in the first part of
the lesson.

Let the pupils spell and explain : circuit, straight,
however, horse, fleeing, party, entrance, shrieked,
dodge, savage, staff, officer, streaming, stained, collar,
hound, handkerchief, twisting, village, pressed, sud-
denly, safety, leaped, mocking. See if the students
can substitute words for these in the lesson.

Notice: "It is him" is wrong, for the verb to be
takes the same case after it as before it. Let the
pupils illustrate the rule by other personal pronouns.

"Neither John nor William is going." "Margaret
or Gerard or Martin is going away." These are
examples of the rule given in the former lesson.

Test the pupils in these rules by giving them sen-
tences which they can correct.

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the men write a composition
describing the largest woods they have ever known.

XVII. IN QUEST OF FOOD

As soon as Margaret, Gerard, and Martin
felt that they were no longer followed, they

56 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

rested and took council as to what thev would
do. They agreed that it was not safe to return,
and that their safety lay in getting out as soon
as possible from the country of the Burgo-
master. Martin said that the quickest way
was by again entering the woods, and before
night they would be in the land of the Duke of
Burgandy. This they did, and before the sun
was set they were safely housed in a lonely hut,
where they spent the night as best they could.

Early the following morning, Martin went
out with his trusty bow in quest of meat for
the morning meal. He knew that the Duke of
Burgandy, who was very fond of hunting,
severely punished anyone who hunted on his
lands. The old soldier, however, was willing
to risk something for his young friends, and
to the woods he went. Though old, he was a
strong man, broad-chested, and his arms were
hard as iron.

He had not gone far before he spied a hare.
He drew his bow, but before the arrow was
sent, he heard a noise behind him. Turning
around, he was just in time to see a noble buck
cross the open, but too late to shoot at it. In
the next moment, he saw a young spotted
animal gliding swiftly along after the deer.
He knew that it was the tame leopard belong-
ing to the Duke of Burgandy, who was also

IN QUEST OF FOOD 57

out hunting. Martin said: "The hunters are
not far from here, and I must not be seen."
He plunged into the woods, following the buck
and the leopard. He had not gone far when
he heard an unusual sound and, turning in that
direction, saw the leopard on the buck's back,
tearing with tooth and claw, and the buck run-
ning in a circle, with the blood pouring down
its hide. Martin made up his mind to get that
buck. He took aim and buried an arrow in
the deer, which in spite of the leopard on its
back, bounded high in the air and fell dead.
The leopard went on tearing, as if nothing had
happened. Martin hoped that the beast would
gorge itself with blood, and then let him take
the meat. He waited some minutes, then
walked firmly up and laid his hand on the
buck's leg. The leopard gave a frightful growl,
and left of! sucking blood. He saw Martin's
game, and was sulky and on guard. Martin
stood erect and fixed his eye on the leopard.
The leopard returned the savage glance, and
never took its eye off Martin. As the old
soldier kept on looking at the beast, the leopard
flew at his head with a frightful snarl. Its
eyes were balls of fire, and its jaws and claws
wide open. Martin caught it by the throat,
and barely saved his face from its teeth. One
of its claws seized his shoulder and rent it;

58 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

the other aimed at his cheek, which would
have been more deadly. Martin could hardly
keep its teeth off his face while gripping its
throat fiercely. The pain of the rent shoulder
was fearful, but the blood of the old soldier
was up ; he gnashed his teeth with rage, just as
savage as the brute. The two pairs of eyes
flamed at one another. The animal knew it
was being throttled, and made a fierce struggle
to free itself. It tore its claws out of his
shoulder, flesh and all ; but Martin held it with
hand and arm of iron. Presently, the long tail
that was high in the air went down. "Aha,"
cried Martin joyfully. Next its body lost its
strength, and it was powerless in Martin's
hand. He gripped it still, until all motion
ceased, then dashed it to the earth. The
leopard lay mute at his feet, its tongue hanging
out of its mouth. Martin for the first time felt
a terror. "I am a dead man," said he. "I
have slain the Duke's leopard." He hastily
seized a few handfuls of leaves, pressed them
on the wounded shoulder, then seized the buck
and crept away, leaving a trail of blood — his
own and the buck's.

He reached the hut, where Margaret and
Gerard were. As soon as they knew what had
happened, they again moved on as fast as they
could to escape the Duke of Burgandy., On

IN QUEST OF FOOD 59

the way, they met a company of Gypsies, who
were a law unto themselves, and Gerard would
not move until he and Margaret were married
by the king of the Gypsies. After the marriage,
he turned to the old soldier and said: "Martin,
you must take my wife back to her father's
house, and watch over her. I'll go to Rome.
I am an outlaw. As soon as I get work as a
writer, I'll send for Margaret and we will make
our home in the imperial city." It was the
only way out of their trouble and, after many
tears, Margaret, with a deep heart-ache, again
was on horseback returning to her father's
house.

MEMORIZE

"Have courage, friend,
Be of good cheer, 'tis not for long,

He conquers who awaits the end,
And dares to suffer and be strong."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Call attention to Martin's courage — the taming of
wild animals — the marriage of Gerard.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

Review the comparison of the following adverbs:
well, better, best ; ill, worse, worst ; much, more, most ;
far, farther, farthest; forth, further, furthest; late,
later, latest.

60 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

Review the formation of adverbs from adjectives
by adding ly: as, a sweet song; he sings sweet/3'.

Review the comparison of adverbs and their use
in sentences : as, he sings sweeter than his sister ; he
runs fastest of all.

Let the pupils point out the adverbs in the first part
of the lesson and state what kind of adverbs they are.

Let the pupils spell and explain: longer, followed,
council, agreed, return, safety, possible, country,
quickest, entering, housed, lonely, morning, trusty,
meat, meal, serenely, punished, hunted, something.

Let the pupils take the second paragraph of the
story and classify the verbs into transitive and intran-
sitive.

Let the pupils explain : "anyone who" ; "broad-
chested" ; "too late"; "outlaw"; "heart-ache"; "horse-
back."

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the pupils write a composition
describing the home from which they came.

XVIII. THE BEAR LOVES ITS CUB

Gerard, with a heavy heart, was now on his
way to Lyons. He met a man, Denys, who
was going to the same city, and they traveled
together. They were passing through a wood,
when they saw a young bear cub. Denys
struck it with an arrow, and Gerard, with his
axe, ended its life. As they marched on, happy

THE BEAR LOVES ITS CUB 61

in having meat for supper, Gerard heard a
sound behind him. He turned around and saw
a big bear coming down the road about 150
yards away. "Denys!" he cried. "Oh, my
God!" The moment the bear saw them, big as
it was, it seemed to double itself. It raised its
head, opened wide its swine-shaped jaws, and
its eyes were full of blood and flame. On it
rushed, scattering the leaves about it like a
whirlwind. "Shoot," cried Denys ; but Gerard
stood shaking from head to foot. "Shoot, man !
Ten thousand devils ! Shoot ! Too late ! Tree !
Tree !" and he dropped the cub, pushed Gerard
across the road, and flew to the first tree and
climbed it. As they fled, they uttered inhuman
howls, like savages crazed to death. With all
their speed, one or other would have been torn
to pieces at the foot of the tree had not the bear
stopped a moment and sniffed at the cub.

It knew it was dead, and gave a yell such as
neither of the hunted ones had ever heard, and
flew after Denys. It reared and struck at him
as he climbed; he was just out of reach. It
then seized the tree with its huge teeth and,
with one hit, tore a great piece out of it. It
reared again, dug its claws into the bark, and
began to mount slowly. Denys thought : "My
hour is come; let me meet death like a man."
He drew his long knife, set his teeth, and was

62 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

ready to jab the huge brute as soon as it should
mount within reach. Gerard saw his friend's
peril, and he passed at once from fear to blind
rage. He slipped down the tree, caught up the
cross-bow, and sent a bolt into the bear's body.
It snarled with pain and rage, and turned its
head. Denys cried : "Keep aloof ! or you are a
dead man." "I care not," shouted Gerard, and
sent another bolt into the bear's body. Denys
shouted and poured out a volley of oaths, say-
ing: "Get away, idiot!"

The bear slipped down the tree ; Gerard ran
back to his tree and climbed it swiftly, but the
bear struck with its fore paw and took a piece
out of Gerard's hose. He heard a voice say:
"Get out on the bough." He did so, and looking
around, saw the bear mounting the tree on the
other side. It had passed the bough on which
he was, but its eye quickly caught him and
steadily but quietly it came to the fork, crawl-
ing nearer to Gerard. He looked wildly down,
and saw that he was forty feet from the ground.
Death was below him, and death moving slowly
but surely toward him. His hair bristled, the
sweat poured from him. He sat helpless, dazed,
and tongue-tied.

In a mist, he heard a twang. He glanced
down, and saw Denys, white and silent as
death. The bear snarled at the twang, but

THE BEAR LOVES ITS CUB 63

crawled on. Again the cross-bow twanged;
the bear snarled and came nearer. The third
time the cross-bow twanged, and the next
moment the bear was close upon Gerard. It
opened its jaws like a grave, and hot blood
spouted from them upon Gerard as from a
pump. The bough rocked; the wounded
monster was reeling; it struck its claws deep
into the wood; it toppled; its claws held firm,
but its body rolled off, and the sudden shock
to the branch shook Gerard forward on his
stomach, with his face upon one of the bear's
paws. At this, by a last effort, the bear raised
its head up until Gerard felt its hot breath.
The huge teeth snapped together close below
him, with baffled rage. The hanging body rent
the claws out of the bough, then pounded the
earth with a loud thump.

There was a shout of triumph below, and the
very next instant a cry of fear, for Gerard had
fainted and, without an effort to save himself,
rolled headlong from the bough. Denys caught
at his friend, and somewhat checked his fall;
but his best friend was the dying bear, on
whose hairy body his head and shoulders
struck. Denys pulled him off, — it was needless.
The bear panted still, its limbs quivered, but
soon it breathed its last. Gerard came to by
degrees, and feeling the bear around him,

64 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

rolled away yelling. "Courage," cried Denys.
"Is it dead, quite dead?" asked Gerard. "Yes,
quite dead."

MEMORIZE

"Reading makes a full man, conference
a ready man, and writing an exact man. If
a man write little, he needs a great memory ;
if he confer little, he needs a present wit;
if he read little, he needs much cunning."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Call attention to Gerard's friendship — to the loyalty
of friends — to the care of animals for their offspring.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

Prepositions join words together to show their rela-
tion: as, "Gerard put his bow on the floor." Here
two nouns are joined. "Going to the same city";
here a verb and a noun are joined. "Its eyes full of
blood" ; here an adjective and a noun are joined. "A
sound behind him" ; here a noun and a pronoun are
joined.

Prepositions are used to show relations of place,
time, and cause.

Of Place, they refer to rest, motion, or both: as,
We stayed in the inn. We went into our room. We
moved freely among the guests.

Of Time: as, From sunrise to sundown. From
seven until ten.

Of Cause: as, He slew him with a dagger. He
fainted with weariness.

THE SHIPWRECK 65

Let the pupils find the prepositions in the first part
of the lesson.

Let the students spell and explain: travelled, cub,
arrow, meat, meet, uttered, yard, double, raised, rise,
scatter, leaves, whirlwind, shaking, bristled, thousand,
reeling, toppled, devils, climbed, peril, bolt, poured,
oaths, idiot, steadily, crawling. Ask the students to
substitute words in place of these in the lesson.

Notice : That sometimes intransitive verbs take an
objective case when the object is akin in form and
meaning to the verb itself ; as : He dreamed a dream.
They sang their song. When the element of time or
space comes in, answering the question, how long or
how much, we have nouns following intransitive verbs :
"They zvent for a three days' journey." "We zvalked
six miles."

Let the pupils give the principal parts of : strike, rise,
stand, fly, tear, dig, begin, meet, set, catch, get, sit,
shake, feel.

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the pupils write a composition
about their journey to America.

XIX. THE SHIPWRECK

Gerard reached Lyons safely, where he
hoped to take ship to Rome. He went aboard
a vessel which was not the most sea-worthy.
It made the journey safely, until within twenty
miles of the port of Rome. Then a sudden

66 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

storm arose, blew the ship out of its course, and
between Naples and Rome was driven ashore.
The beach was lined with people, who watched
the ship making a brave fight against wind and
wave. The sailors ran wildly about the deck,
handling the rope as best they knew, now curs-
ing and again praying. The passengers were
huddled together around the mast, some sitting,
some kneeling, some lying on the floor, grasp-
ing hold of what they could, as the vessel rolled
and pitched in the mighty waves. Gerard stood
a little aside, holding tight to a shroud and
wincing at the sea. His cheeks were white,
his lips closed tight, and though in terror, he
knew what was going on around him.

Suddenly a more mighty gust came and tore
off the sail with a loud crack, and sent it into
the sea. Before the man at the helm could put
the head of the ship before the wind, a wave
caught it, swept over the deck, and drenched
every one of the passengers. They were wet to
the bone, and had a foretaste of what awaited
them. Most lay flat and prayed to the sea to
be merciful, promising gifts to their favorite
saints if ever they came safely to land. The
ship was now a mere plaything in the arms of
the big waves. A Roman woman, of the
humbler class, sat with her child at her half-
bared breast, silent amid the crying and pray-

THE SHIPWRECK 67

ing throng; her cheek was ashy pale, her eyes
calm, and her lips moved at times in silent
prayer. She did not weep, neither did she try
to make a bargain with the gods for her safety.
Whenever the ship seemed to have gone under
the waves, and a mighty prayer arose from the
men in terror, she kissed the child and kept him
at the breast. She was a true Roman and
knew how to die in silence.

A big priest stood on the poop of the vessel
with feet apart, paying little heed to the peril
around him. He said in a loud voice verses
from his prayer-book, and in an unwavering
voice invited the passengers to confess to him.
Some came to him on their knees. He heard
them, laid his hands on them, and gave them
his blessing as if they were in a church, and
not on a sinking ship. Gerard got nearer and
nearer to the priest, who stood there without
fear, facing death. The sailors cut down the
useless mast, which fell into the sea. The hull
could not now keep ahead of the sea, which hit
it again and again. The heavy blows added to
the fears of all. The captain, pale as death,
left the helm. He said: "Fling all cargo over-
board." The captain was earnestly questioned
by all as to what would be the fate of the ship.
All he could say was: "No hope. She is
doomed; prepare to die like good Christians."

68 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

To the question, "How long have we to pre-
pare?" he replied : "She may last half an hour."

While the people prayed, some came around
Gerard, and seeing him erect, said: "Here is
the cause of all. He has not prayed ; he has not
called on a single saint. He is a heathen, he is
a pagan." "Alas, good friends," said Gerard,
with his teeth chattering, "say not so. I do
honor the saints, but they will not have time to
plead our case. I'll pray to God direct. Our
Father, which art in heaven, save these poor
souls and me. Oh! sweet Jesus, pitiful Jesus,
thou didst save Peter sinking in the sea. Oh!
save poor Gerard — for dear Margaret's sake."

At this moment the sailors made ready to
leave the ship. Some, unable to move, sat still ;
others ran to and fro, wringing their hands.
The priest stood calmly as the ship was sinking,
and so did the Roman woman, who sat pale and
patient, drawing the child closer to her bosom.
Gerard saw the sailors take the only boat on
the ship, and he cried: "See, see, they leave
the poor woman and her child to die." This
awoke his manhood. He went to the poor
woman and said: "Wife, I'll save thee yet,
please God." He ran to find a cask or a plank,
but finding none, his eye fell on the wooden
image of the Virgin. He caught it and carried
it to the mother and child and said: "Come,

THE SHIPWRECK 69

wife, I'll lash thee and the child to this." The
mother turned her large dark eyes on him and
said simply: "Thyself?" Gerard said softly:
"I am a man and have no child to take care of."
He lashed her to the image, and then said:
"Come while there is time." She turned her
eyes wet with tears, and looked on him, and
said : "Poor youth ! God forgive me ! My
child !" He put her on the water and with an
oar pushed her away from the ship.

The priest had watched him, and as soon as
the deed was done, he put his hand on Gerard's
shoulder and said: "Well done. Come with
me." Both men went to the broken mast; by
hard work they got out the remainder of it.
They flung it into the sea and followed it. The
mast rose and plunged with each wave, but
both men clung to it and got to land. As
Gerard stood by the sea, watching his late com-
panions washed ashore, a hand was laid lightly
on his shoulder. It was the Roman mother.
She took his hand gently, raised it slowly to
her lips, and kissed it. Then with a face bathed
in a sweet smile, and eyes that were moist, she
held her child up and made him kiss Gerard.
He kissed the child again and again, but could
say nothing. The mother did not speak, only
as her eyes, her cheeks, and gestures thanked
the young man who saved their lives.

70 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

MEMORIZE

"So long Thy power hath blest me, sure it still

Will lead me on.
O'er moor and fen, o'er crag and torrent, till

The night is gone;
And with the morn those angel faces smile,
Which I have loved long since, and lost a while."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Call attention to the character of the priest — to
Gerard's thoughtfulness — to the mother and child.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

Conjunctions join words and sentences : as, The
priest and Gerard threw themselves into the sea.

There are two kinds of Conjunctions.

i. Those which join independent sentences: as, "The
ship sank and the passengers were washed ashore."
They are called Coordinate Conjunctions.

2. Those which join a principal sentence with one
dependent on it: as, "Gerard was angry because the
sailors left the woman to perish." These are called
Subordinate Conjunctions.

Let the pupils find the conjunctions in the second
paragraph of the lesson.

Let the pupils spell and explain : aboard, seaworthy,
journey, sudden, driven, ashore, cursing, praying, pas-
sengers, huddled, kneeling, pitched, shroud, suddenly,
drenched, foretaste, favorite, saint, bargain, silence,
confess, captain, overboard, earnestly, chattering.

Let the pupils find the prepositions in the first para-
graph of the lesson.

IN ROME 71

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the pupils write a composition
describing their voyage over the sea.

XX. IN ROME

Gerard reached the "Eternal City," and took
a room in a house on the west bank of the Tiber.
He then went in search of work, and carried
with him a sample of his writing. He went
from shop to shop to show his copy, and was
coldly received. They found every fault with
his work and saw in it no merit. He learned
how to copy Greek, as well as Latin ; but could
find no work. The landlady, with whom he
stayed, took a liking to him and asked him one
day to dine with her. He told her all his
troubles, and that he could not find anyone to
employ him. "Those sly traders," she said;
"you write too well for them. Your work would
be the end of all those whom they now serve.
I'll insure you the success you deserve, in spite
of the booksellers."

The following' day the good landlady spoke
to her friend, Teresa, who gave her the names
of five men who wanted copying done. Gerard
took down their names, took samples of his
work to their home, but nothing came of it.

72 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

He was now facing hunger, and his clothes
were fast showing the signs of wear. While
he was mending a rent in his hose one morning,
the landlady came into the room and said: "I
want you to come and talk to Teresa." He
went and was surprised to find that Teresa was
the Roman matron he had saved on board the
ship. "Ah, madam, it is you," said he. "And
how is the fair-haired boy?" "He is well,"
said Teresa. "Why," said the landlady, "what
are you talking about, and why tremble you so,
Teresa?" "He saved my child's life," she said,
trying hard to quiet the beating of her heart.
"What, my lodger?" And turning to Gerard
she said : "And you never told me a word about
it? You ought to be ashamed of yourself."

Teresa soon learned all that was done and
she smiled at Gerard's simplicity. "What,"
said she, "did you think your work would reach
the masters without giving a fee to the ser-
vants? You might as well have flung it into
the Tiber." She soon thought out a plan, then
both she and Gerard went in search of a man
who would be glad to employ him. They wan-
dered from street to street, until at last they
came to a glove shop. The glove seller told
them to go to Father Colonna, who would
doubtless employ him if he was a master in his
craft, for, said he, "he is a wild beast against

IN ROME 73

all bungles." "Have no fears," said Teresa.
"I will answer for his ability; he saved my
child."

The following morning Gerard went to the
house where the friar lived. He was now
wiser and gave a fee to the servant who at
once took him to the room of the seignior. He
looked at Gerard and said: "Young man, show
me how you write," and throwing him a piece of
paper, he pointed to the inkhorn. "So please
you, reverend father, my hand trembles too
much at this moment; but last night I wrote a
page of Greek, and the Latin is alongside of
it, to show you my work." "Show it me," said
the friar. Gerard gave him the work in fear
and trembling, and then stood, sick at heart,
to see what he would say. He did not have
long to wait, and to his surprise the friar came
and threw his arms around his neck.

Friar Colonna was charmed with his new
artist, and he began to sing aloud his praises
among men who wanted writing done. Soon
these men wanted the priest to give up Gerard
to them. When the friar told the young copyist
that princes wanted his services, he replied,
"I am so happy with you, father." "Fiddle-
sticks!" said the friar, "happy with me. You
must not be happy, you must be a man of the
world. These princes can pay you three times

74 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

as much as I can, and they shall too." So the
friar clapped a high price on Gerard's pen, and
they employed him without a murmur.

Gerard soon became a pet with noblemen
and women. He never lost his head, however.
He knew there was a steel hand under the
velvet glove. He had the honor of sitting at
the table of the most influential Cardinal in
Rome, and before many months were passed,
he was employed to copy a book for the Pope
himself. Gerard was very happy, and took
great care of the money he made. He kept his
humble lodging, for he thought that the more
he saved the sooner he would again see Mar-
garet. "In a year or two," thought he, "I'll
return by sea to Holland with a good store of
money and set up with my beloved Margaret in
Antwerp, and end there our days in peace, and
love, and health, and happy labor." His heart
never strayed an instant from his beloved.

MEMORIZE

"To rule was not enough for Napoleon.
He wanted to amaze, to dazzle, to overpower
men's souls, by striking, bold, grand, and un-
expected results. He wanted to reign through
wonder and awe, by the greatness and terror
of his name, by deeds which would rivet on
him every eye, and make him the theme of
every tongue."

THERE IS GOOD IN EVERY MAN 75

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Call attention to Gerard's struggles — to the help of
the woman — to the dangers of success.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

See if the pupils can tell what parts of speech are
in the first sentence.

Test them in spelling: eternal, sample, revived,
fault, landlady, trouble, trader, insure, deserve, hunger,
rent, surprise, tremble, ashamed, simplicity, wandered,
bunglers, ability, surprise, service, clapped, murmur.

Ask the pupils to parse: "Write too well." "They
shall pay too." "To buy some paper."

Call attention to: "Both she and Gerard went," as
a sample of the use of a coordinate conjunction.

Ask the meaning of "a man of the world." "A
steel hand under the velvet glove."

Write on the blackboard the following, letting the
students correct them and give their reason : "She
plays good." "I told she the truth." "His foots were
sore." "Which is the strongest, John or James?"
"The boys which ran away done it."

Collect the home work.

For home work, let the pupils write a composition
about some great man whom they have known.

XXL THERE IS GOOD IN EVERY

MAN

When Gerard walked from house to house
at the side of Teresa, he noticed a man follow-

76 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

ing them; so he told her: "Madam, we are
dogged. I notice a man that follows us, some-
times afar, sometimes close." "I have seen
him," said Teresa. "It is my husband," and her
cheek colored faintly. She stopped, beckoned
with her finger, and the figure drew near.
When he came, she looked him full in the face
and said : "My husband, know this young man,
of whom I have often spoken to you. Know
him and love him, for he it was who saved thy
wife and child." At this, the man who had
bowed and grinned before, changed at once
and warmly threw his arms around Gerard.

The young man went home and, while talking
to Andre, his friend, said that he met Teresa's
husband. "I know him," said Andre; "he is
unworthy of Teresa, but she clings to him."
Gerard said: "I felt uneasy as he followed us,
and fear did not pass wholly away when he
embraced me." "Well may you," replied his
friend, " for he is a chief of the most terrible
vendetta in Rome." A shudder went through
Gerard. Andre saw him turn pale and added :
"I know that man, and although he is an
assassin, there is some good in him. When he
is on the trail of a victim, he knows no pity,
but I have known him to exercise as much
tenderness as the Roman matron you saved did
to her child." "I suppose," said Gerard, "he

THERE IS GOOD IN EVERY MAN 77

feels some love toward me for saving his child,
but I thought more of his stiletto than his love
when he threw his arms around my neck."
"That may be; but that man loves his wife and
child, and you need fear no harm from him as
long as you are in Rome. I believe he would
protect you against the vendetta." 'You seem
to have strong faith in him," said Gerard; "tell
me your reason."

"I will tell you a story," said Andre. "I am
a doctor, but have not had much luck. One
thing, however, I have learned in my work, that
it is worth while to find good whenever you can.
I have had to drag through the slums and
sewers of this wicked city for some years, and
down in the lowest depths I have found good-
ness and have felt thankful for it, without ask-
ing questions about quality and quantity. I
find that men are made up of a mixture of good
and evil, and it is so down in the lowest, as
well as in the highest. That is the case with
this man of whom we are talking.

"When the two rival parties in Rome get on
the 'war path,' the cruel things done in this
city are more than all the priests and the Pope
can cure. A few years ago it was open war-
fare between them, and a part of the city was
destroyed. I went to serve the wounded, and
being faint from work, I could not leave the

78 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

field, where a dreadful battle had been fought.
So I fell down on a knoll exhausted and slept.
The place was full of miasma and the cold was
deadly. Men who get chilled through with the
cold, and into whose body the fever enters, die.
I was lying on the bare ground, and could not
do anything for myself. I was too poor to have
an overcoat, and there I slept the sleep of a
soul tired to death. After a few hours, I awoke,
and found myself covered with warm clothes,
and beside me sat that husband of Teresa,
shivering. A cold fog was upon us, but there
that man sat, watching over me, while death
was staring him in the face. When I asked
him why he had done it, all he said was, 'You've
been kind to my friend.' I knew that he was
an assassin; that he gambled and was a cut-
throat. I knew that if any man was ripe for
the gallows, he was; and yet I could not feel
that all in his heart was of the devil. I fully
believe that he saved my life that night. I
cannot forget him, and don't think God will,
when he comes before Him in the last day."

While Andre was telling this story, Teresa's
husband was in a room richly furnished, the
floor covered with the costly skins of animals,
and in front of him sat a lady with clenched
fists, face pale and red by turns, and her foot
restless. She had on a little black mask, and

THERE IS GOOD IN EVERY MAN 79

the contrast between the black mask and her
purple cheek was strange and fearful. The
lady said: "They have told you for what you
are wanted?" "Yes, signora." "Did those
who spoke to you agree as to what you are to
receive?" "Yes, signora, 'tis the full price —
the price of the greater vendetta, if the lady
does not choose the lesser." "I don't under-
stand you," said the lady. "Ah, this is the
signora's first. The lesser vendetta is the death
of the body only. We watch the man come
out of church and deal with him. In the
greater, we catch him hot from some unre-
pented sin, and so slay his soul as well as his
body." "Man, hold your tongue; I have no
quarrel with his soul." "So be it, signora."
"Are you sure of your hand?" asked the lady.
The bravo showed her a steel gauntlet and
said: "This is our mallet." He then undid his
doublet and gave her a glimpse of a coat of
mail beneath, and finally laid his glittering
stiletto on tlie table with a flourish. The lady
shuddered, and for a moment a sudden gleam
of pity came over her soul as she asked: "Do
I not well to remove a traitor who slanders
me?" "The signora will settle that with her
confessor. I am but a tool in noble hands."
The lady said: "Go, do your work." "It is the
custom to pay half the price beforehand,

80 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

signora." "Ah, I forgot. Here is more than
half," and she pushed a bag across the table to
him. "When the blow is struck, come for the
rest." "You will soon see me again, signora,"
and retiring Teresa's husband went to work
to carry out the lesser vendetta on Gerard.

MEMORIZE

"Be just, and fear not.
Let all the ends thou aimest at be thy country's,
Thy God's, and Truth's ; then, if thou fallest,
Thou fallest a blessed martyr."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

Let the pupils spell : throw, embrace, terrible,
assassin, tenderness, protect, against, gamble, covered,
shivering, forget, furnished, covered, animal, clenched,
contrast, understand, unrepented, quarrel, glimpse,
beneath, glittering, flourish, shuddered, confessor.

Let them give the principal parts of the verbs : tell,
throw, draw, sit, speak, choose, catch, slay, hold, lay,
go, forget, strike, sleep.

Explain : "On the war path." "Sure of your hand."
"The lowest and the highest."

Let the pupils find the conjunctions in the first
paragraph of the lesson.

Test the pupils in correcting the following and ask
them the reason for the correction: "I and John goes
to school." "Neither I nor John go to school." "They
walk slow." "The wifes are leaving." "Yesterday

NEWS FROM HOME 81

his happiness is complete." "You was in school." "I
says to James and James says to I." "You don't give
me nothing."

Test the pupils in parsing: "Gerard walked at her
side." "I will tell you a story." "All is not of the
devil."

Collect the home work.

For home work let the pupils write a composition
about the worst man whom thev have known.

XXII. NEWS FROM HOME

When Gerard returned home one afternoon
he was very happy. The landlady saw his
joy and asked, 'What is it ?" "Am I not happy,
madam?" said he. "I am going back to my
sweetheart with money in one pocket, and land
in the other." 'Well, what a pity," said she,
"for I thought of making you a little happier
with a letter from Holland." "A letter for
me? Where? Where?" She gave him the
letter. He tore it open and read: "Gerard, my
beloved son, this letter brings thee heavy news.
Know that Margaret died on Sunday last. The
last word on her lips was 'Gerard. Tell him I
pray for him at my last hour, and bid him pray
for me.' The letter dropped to the floor, and
a grating laugh came from the young man,

82 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

who said: "Oh, my heart! I'm choking. I'll
run to the top of the highest church tower in
Rome and fling myself off it, cursing heaven.
Ah! Ah! Ah! there is no God." He seized
his hat and ran furiously about the streets for
hours.

Towards sunset he came back white as a
ghost. He crept into the house bent and feeble
as an old man. He refused all food. He
would not speak, but sat with staring eyes,
saying now and again: "There is no God."
The good landlady came and sat with him, try-
ing - to soothe him. Gerard heeded her no more
than the chair on which she sat. She had a
crucifix, and holding it before him, she prayed :
"Maria, mother of God, help him." Suddenly,
he jumped up, struck the crucifix rudely aside
with a curse, and made a dash at the door.
The woman shrieked. Before he reached the
door, something stopped him and he turned
around like a top. He whirled around twice,
with arms extended, then he fell like a log on
the floor, and blood came from his nostrils and
ears. On the second day, he was raving with
brain fever. On the fifth day, the doctor gave
him up. At sunset that same day he fell into
a deep sleep and slept sixty hours. When he
awoke, a kind priest was at his side. He told
him that the Church gives peace to troubled

NEWS FROM HOME 83

hearts, but Gerard was not to be consoled. As
soon as the priest was gone, he cried for his
Margaret, and shouted : "Idiot ! Idiot ! to leave
her for a moment."

When the good woman returned, she saw
Gerard putting on his clothes. She tried to
stop him, but he said: "Why should I lie here?
Can I find her?" "What would you then?"
"Death," was his reply. Out Gerard went.
As he was going, he said: "I have served God
as well as I could, and this is my reward. Now
I'll serve the devil." He now gave himself up
to wine, women, gambling — whatever helped
him to forget himself and drown his memory
of her. The large sums he had set aside for
Margaret gave him ample means to rush head-
long into folly. He left the kind old lady who
had been so good to him and took lodging in
another part of the city. His companions were
idle rakes who knew no labor and whose joy
was to drink foul waters, such as Gerard now
wallowed in. He thus in a short while became
one of the wildest, loosest, and wickedest
youths of a wicked city. One day, when his
money was well nigh gone, he and other wild
youths were in a boat going up the Tiber. It
was a gay company of men and women bent
on enjoyment. As they glided along, a galley
passed them, and on it a noble lady, whose love

84 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

Gerard had spurned, and to avoid whose
vengeance he had resolved to leave Rome, when
that fateful letter came from Holland. She
saw and knew Gerard. The young man blushed
and was ashamed to be seen by her in such
company. That night she summoned once
more Teresa's husband, that he might finish the
work he failed to do four months previously.
Four days after this, Gerard left a note to
his friend Andre, which read : "Life is too great
a burden." He filled his pockets with all the
silver he possessed, his purpose being to throw
himself into the Tiber. He went to a shop,
and looking around to see that no one was
near, he saw a single figure leaning against the
corner of the alley. He strolled carelessly
away, but returned to the same spot ; but again
he saw the same figure coming out of a side
street. Gerard said : "Can he be watching me ?
Can he know what I am here for ?" He walked
briskly along a street or two, then returned.
The man disappeared, but when he came back
again and looked around, the man was only a
few yards from him. He saw a steel gauntlet
in his hand, and he knew that he was an
assassin. He never thought he was seeking his
life, and so, walking up to the man, he said : "My
good friend, lend me your arm. One stroke!
Here is all I have," and he thrust all his money

NEWS FROM HOME 85

into the bravo's hand. "Pray thee, one good
deed, and rid me of this hateful life," and while
speaking he bared his bosom. The man stared
in his face. "Why do you not strike ? Because
I am poor. Well, turn your head then and
hold your tongue." At this, Gerard ran and
flung himself into the river. When the bravo
heard the splash in the water, he ran and
plunged in after the would-be suicide.

When Gerard next came to himself, he was
in the great chamber in a convent, and at hi?
side the priest whom he had met on board ship.
"How came I here?" asked Gerard. "By the
hand of heaven," said his watcher. He then
fell into a sleep, and when he awoke again, he
found another watcher at his side. The man
asked how he felt. "Very weak," said Gerard.
He looked at the man and asked : "Where have
I met you before?" "I am Teresa's husband,
and the one who saved you from the waters of
the Tiber." "And it was you I asked to strike
me?" "Yes, and if it were anyone else but you,
I would have done it, but how could I look my
Teresa in the face if I had killed you, or let
you die by the very death from which you saved
her ? I put you on my back, and said, 'Teresa
will nurse him to life.' But the priest who was
on the ship saw me carrying you. He said he
knew you, and so brought you in here. I let

86 ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS

you go on the promise that I should be allowed
to visit you once a day."

Gerard closed his eyes — not to sleep, but to
think. Saved from death by an assassin sent to
kill him. Was not this the hand of heaven?
He tried to pray. The organ of the church at
that moment sent out solemn harmony, and
the voices of the choir came through the air.
Among them was the voice of a boy, — sweet,
full, pure, angelic. He remembered the days
of his boyhood. The tears ran copiously down
his cheeks. He prayed, and peace, sweet peace,
came into his soul. He sighed: "The Church
is peace of mind. Till I left her bosom, I knew
no sorrow, no sin." The good prior came.
Gerard poured his soul before him and vowed
his life to the service of the Church.

MEMORIZE

"The way of peace is to always try to do
the will of another rather than onr own. To
choose rather to want less than to have more.
To choose the lowest place and to be humble
to all. To desire and pray that the will of
God may be fulfilled in us."

QUESTIONS on the lesson

Call attention to Gerard's distress — to the character

NEWS FROM HOME 87

of the worthless husband — to the refuge offered by the
Church.

GRAMMAR EXERCISE

Let the pupils spell : afternoon, pocket, grating, furi-
ously, towards, crucifix, whirled, extended, consoled,
gambling, memory, companions, wallowed, wicked,
enjoyment, spurned, summoned, figure, corner, strolled,
hateful, tongue, suicide, chamber, moment, solemn.

Let the pupils find the prepositions and conjunctions
in the first section of the lesson.

Let them parse the following: "Gerard closed his
eyes." "He tried hard to pray." "Peace, sweet peace,
came into his soul." "He vowed his life to the service
of the Church."

Let the students correct the following and give the
reason for the corrections : "I thinks we may go."
"The baby's teeths are four." "I can learn you."
"Mary and Gretchen knows the song." "The tinyest
bird just passed us." "Come, let they go."

Ask for the principal parts of the following verbs :
think, try, send, run, meet, fall, awake, stop, help,
drink, become, leave, go, spend, wet, read, lead, light,
spell, tell, pay, mean, buy.

Collect the home work.

University of California

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305 De Neve Drive • Parking Lot 17 • Box 951388

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90095-1388

Return this material to the library from which it was borrowed.

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