GIFT OF 
 Harold Wheeler 
 
FABULAE FA GILES 
 
 A FIRST LATIN READER 
 
 CONTAINING DETACHED SENTENCES AND 
 CONSECUTIVE STORIES 
 
 WITH 
 
 NOTES AND A VOCABULARY 
 
 BY 
 
 Fr RITCHIE, M.A. 
 
 M 
 THE BEACON, SEVENOAKS 
 
 AUTHOR OF 'first STEPS IN LATIN,' ETC. 
 
 NEW IMPRESSION 
 
 LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 
 
 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON 
 
 NEW YORK AND BOMBAY 
 
 1898 
 
GIFT OF 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The difficulties encountered by beginners in Latin Trans- 
 lation may be grouped as follows : — 
 
 First, Difficulties of Accidence ; i.e. of ascertaining the 
 meaning of each word by the help of the Vocabulary. 
 Secondly. Difficulties of Syntax; i.e. of determining 
 the mutual relations of the words, and the order 
 in which the words are to be taken. 
 Thirdly. Difficulties of Idiom; i,e. of translating a 
 group of words whose English equivalent is not 
 the mere sum of the meanings of each separate 
 word. 
 In even the easiest Latin author these difficulties 
 are of course presented all at once : the inevitable result 
 being a certain amount of confusion in the mind of the 
 pupil. 
 
 In this book an attempt has been made to graduate 
 difficulties without forcinoj any elaborate system upon 
 
 968319 
 
iv Preface. 
 
 the teacher. To separate Accidence from Syntax is of 
 course impossible, but it is obviously desirable to defer 
 the introduction of Idioms till the preliminary difficulties 
 have been fairly mastered. Accordingly, Part I. consists 
 of detached sentences intended to afford practice in the 
 Accidence, the use of the Vocabulary, and the simpler 
 rules of Syntax. Part II. consists of connected narrative, 
 introducing by degrees all ordinary constructions, except 
 those which come under the head of Idiom, as defined 
 above. In Part III. the Accusative and Infinitive and 
 the Ablative Absolute are introduced. 
 
 The Kelative, the Subjunctive, the Accusative and 
 Infinitive, etc., are explained in special Notes, and Pre- 
 liminary Exercises on each are provided. These Notes 
 and Exercises are placed separately at the end of the 
 book, in order not to interfere with any method of ex- 
 planation that the teacher may prefer to adopt. 
 
 With a view to smoothing the way towards reading 
 Caesar's Commentaries (which maintains, and is likely 
 to maintain, its high place among text-books for lower 
 forms), words and phrases employed by Caesar have been 
 freely introduced throughout the book. 
 
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION 
 
 The Text has been carefully revised, the Notes have 
 been thrown into a form which, it is hoped, will be 
 found more convenient, and a little more help has been 
 given in the Vocabulary. 
 
 My thanks for much valuable assistance are especially 
 due to the Eev. E. C. Wickham, Head Master of Welling- 
 ton College, and to the Eev. E. D. Stone. 
 
 From a letter addressed to me by Mr. Wickham with 
 reference to this book, I venture to quote the follow- 
 ing :— 
 
 "It launches the student at once in ancient life. The old 
 classical stories, simply told, seem to me much the best material for 
 early Latin reading. They are abundantly interesting ; they are 
 taken for granted in the real literature of the language ; and they 
 can be told without starting the beginner on a wrong track by a 
 barbarous mixture of ancient and modern ideas. 
 
 " It combines, if I may say so, very skilfully, the interest of a 
 continuous story, with the gradual and progressive introduction of 
 constructions and idioms. These seem to me to be introduced at the 
 right moment, and to be played upon long enough to make them 
 thoroughly familiar.'* 
 
 F. EITCHIE. 
 
Digitized by the Internet' Archive 
 
 in 2007 with funding from 
 
 IVIicrosoft Corporation 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/fabulaefacilesfiOOritcrich 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PART L 
 
 Detached Sentences, , 
 
 Regular Verbs — Active Voice — Passive Voice— Siibject 
 and Verb — Transitive Verb and Object — Subject, Verb, 
 Object— Adjectives of First and Second Declensions — 
 Adjectives of Tbird Declension — Nouns of Fourth and 
 Fifth Declensions — Genitive — The Verb sura — Apposi- 
 tion — Adjectives used substantively — Pronouns — Abla- 
 tive and Prepositions — Time — Dative — Deponent Verbs 
 — Prolative Infinitive — Irregular Verbs. 
 
 PAOK 
 
 1-23 
 
 PART 11. 
 
 Consecutive Stories, 
 Perseus — Hercules. 
 
 24-53 
 
 PART III. 
 
 Consecutive Stories {continued). 
 The Argonauts — Ulysses. 
 
 54-81 
 
Contents. 
 
 General Notes, 
 
 The Subject — The Object — Distinction of Subject and 
 Object — The Subjective Complement — The Objec- 
 tive Complement — Adjectives — The Accusative — The 
 Genitive — The Da,tive — The Ablative — Place — The 
 Infinitive — Complex Sentence — Relative — The Sub- 
 junctive Mood — The Accusative with the Infinitive — 
 Gerunds— Gerundives— The Ablative Absolute. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 83-101 
 
 Special Notes, 
 Vocabulary, 
 
 102-106 
 107-138 
 
PART I. 
 
 REGULAR VERBS 
 
 1. ACTIVE VOICE, 
 
 First Conjugation (a Verbs). 
 
 Vocabulary, 
 
 PRESENT 
 
 
 
 
 
 NDICATIVE. 
 
 INFINITIVE. 
 
 PERFECT ACTIVE. 
 
 SUPINE. 
 
 ENGLISH, 
 
 Cant-0 
 
 canta-re 
 
 cantav-i 
 
 cantat-um 
 
 sing 
 
 Laud-0 
 
 lauda-re 
 
 laudav-i 
 
 laudat-um 
 
 praise 
 
 Port-o 
 
 porta-re 
 
 portav-i 
 
 portat-um 
 
 carry 
 
 Pugn-o pugna-r§ pugnav-i pugnat-um Jight 
 
 lES 
 
 ENT STEM TENSES. 
 
 PEI 
 
 IFECT STEM TENSES. 
 
 
 ALL TENSES. 
 
 1. 
 
 Canta-nt 
 
 7. 
 
 Laudav-it 
 
 13. 
 
 Lauda-bit 
 
 2, 
 
 Lauda-bat 
 
 8. 
 
 Pugnav-erant 
 
 14. 
 
 Pugnav-eras 
 
 3. 
 
 Porta-t 
 
 9. 
 
 Cantav-erunt 
 
 15. 
 
 Porta-tis 
 
 4. 
 
 Pugna-mus 
 
 10. 
 
 Portav-erit 
 
 16. 
 
 Canta-s 
 
 5. 
 
 Canta-bunt 
 
 11. 
 
 Laudav-imus 
 
 17. 
 
 Pugnav-erint 
 
 6. 
 
 Lauda-batis 
 
 12. 
 
 Cantav-erat 
 A 
 
 18. 
 
 Lauda-bant 
 
Detached Sentences. 
 
 [PT. I. 
 
 ACTIVE VOICE (continued). 
 
 Second 
 
 Conjugation (E 
 
 Vocabulary, 
 
 Verbs). 
 
 PRESENT 
 
 
 
 INDICATIVE. INFINITIVE. 
 
 PERFECT ACTIVE. 
 
 SUPINE. ENGLISH. 
 
 D6ce-o d5ce-rS 
 
 d5cii-i 
 
 doct-um teach 
 
 Tgng-o tSne-rg 
 
 tgnu-i 
 
 ten-turn hold 
 
 TerrS-o terre-re 
 
 terrii-i 
 
 territ-um frighten 
 
 Time-o time-re 
 
 timil-i 
 
 fear 
 
 PRESENT STEM TENSES. 
 
 PERFECT STEM TENSES. ALL TENSES. 
 
 1. D5ce-s 
 
 7. Docii-erunt 
 
 13. D5ce-bant 
 
 2. Tene-bat 
 
 8. Terrii-grat 
 
 14, Terrii-erant 
 
 3. Terre-bunt 
 
 6. Timu-it 
 
 15. Time-bis 
 
 4. Time-miis 
 
 10. Tenu-erint 
 
 16. Doce-tis 
 
 5. DoV.ent 
 
 11: iD^cii-eras 
 
 17. Timu-eratis 
 
 6. T?irie-bit. 
 
 12. tei:rii-isti 
 
 18. Terre-bit 
 
 PRESENT 
 INDICATIVE. 
 
 DiC-0 
 
 Duc-0 
 
 Frang-o 
 
 Mitt-o 
 
 Third Conjugation Consonant Verbs. 
 
 Vocabulary, 
 
 INFINITIVE. 
 
 dic-ere 
 duc-ere 
 frang-ere 
 mitt-ere 
 
 PERFECT ACTIVE. 
 
 dix-i 
 dux-i 
 freg-i 
 
 SUPINE. 
 
 dict-um 
 duct-um 
 fract-um 
 
 lead 
 
 break 
 
 send 
 
 PRESENT STEM TENSES. PERFECT STEM TENSES. 
 
 1. Die-it 
 
 2. Duc-ebat 
 
 3. Frang-ent 
 
 4. Mitt-ebat 
 
 5. Frang-imiis 
 
 6. Duc-gt 
 
 7. 
 
 8. 
 
 9. 
 10. 
 11. 
 12. 
 
 Dux-isti 
 
 Mis-erant 
 
 Freg-erunt 
 
 Mis-eris 
 
 Dix-er^t 
 
 Dux-it 
 
 ALL TENSES. 
 
 13. Mitt-emiis 
 
 14. Frang-unt 
 
 15. Dix-erint 
 
 16. Duc-itis 
 
 17. Frang-etis 
 
 18. Dix-istis 
 
PT. I.] 
 
 Detached Sentences. 
 
 ACTIVE VOICE {continued). 
 Fourtli Coiijugation (I Verbs). 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 PRESENT 
 INDICATIVE. INFINITIVE, PBRFEC5T ACTIVE. 
 
 SUPINE. 
 
 ENGLISH. 
 
 Ertidi-o eriidi-re eriidiv-i 
 
 Impedi-o impedi-r5 impediv-i 
 
 Muni-o mtlni-rS muniv-i 
 
 Puni-o ptini-rS ptiniv-i 
 
 eriidit-um instruct 
 
 impedit-um hinder 
 
 munit-um fortify 
 
 punit-um punish 
 
 PRESENT STEM TENSES, PERFECT STEM TENSES. 
 
 1. Impedi-unt 
 
 2. Muni-mus 
 
 3. Puni-et 
 
 4. Eriidi-ebat 
 
 5. Mtini-t 
 
 6. Ptini emiis 
 
 9. 
 10. 
 11. 
 
 Eriidi-vit 
 
 Muniv-^rant 
 
 Ptiniv-erunt 
 
 Impediv-erit 
 
 Puniv-erat 
 
 12. Erudiv-imiis 
 
 ALL TENSES. 
 
 13. Impedi-es 
 
 14. Mtini-ebant 
 
 15. Puni-ent 
 
 16. Muniv-erat 
 
 17. Impedi-tis 
 
 18. Puni-s 
 
 PRESENT 
 INDICATIVE. 
 
 Voc-0 
 Vide-0 
 Scrib-0 
 V^ni-o 
 
 All Four Conjugations — Active Voice. 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 INFINITIVE. 
 
 v6ca-re 
 vide-re 
 scrib-Sre 
 veni-re 
 
 Vide-b^t 
 
 Scrib-ebant 
 
 Veni-ent. 
 
 Mis-er^t 
 
 Voca-bunt 
 
 Veni-unt 
 
 PERFECT ACTIVE. 
 
 v6cav-i 
 vid-i 
 scrips-i 
 ven-i 
 
 7. Vid-erunt 
 
 8. Scrips -er am 
 
 9. Scrib-et 
 
 10. Vide-s 
 
 11. Time-tis 
 
 12. Lauda-nt 
 
 SUPINE. 
 
 vocat-um 
 vis-um 
 script-um 
 vent-um 
 
 ENGLISH. 
 
 call 
 see 
 write 
 come 
 
 13. Puni-mus 
 
 14. Frang-ent 
 
 15. Time-bit 
 
 16. Scrib-unt 
 
 17. Voca-tis 
 
 18. Ven-istis 
 
Detached Sentences. 
 
 [PT. I. 
 
 2. PASSIVE VOICE, 
 
 First Conjugation (A Verbs). 
 
 ,ES] 
 
 ENT STEM TENSES. 
 
 SUPINE STEM TENSES. 
 
 
 AT.T. TENSES. 
 
 1. 
 
 Voca-tiir 
 
 7. 
 
 Laudat-iis est 
 
 13. 
 
 Lauda-bimini 
 
 2. 
 
 Lauda-ntiir 
 
 8. 
 
 Vocat-i erant 
 
 14. 
 
 Voca-ris 
 
 3. 
 
 Porta-bitur 
 
 9. 
 
 Portat-iis erit 
 
 15. 
 
 V6cat-iis erat 
 
 4. 
 
 Lauda-baris 
 
 10. 
 
 Amat-i estis 
 
 16. 
 
 Porta-beris 
 
 5. 
 
 Voca-buntiir 
 
 11. 
 
 V6cat-a est 
 
 17. 
 
 Lauda-bor 
 
 6. 
 
 Voca-mini 
 
 12. 
 
 Portat-i sunt 
 
 18. 
 
 Ama-bantiir 
 
 Second Conjugation (E Verbs). 
 
 Present stem tenses. 
 
 SUPINE STEM tenses. 
 
 
 ALL TENSES. 
 
 1. 
 
 Doce-miir 
 
 7. 
 
 Vis-i sumiis 
 
 13. 
 
 Vide-bamiir 
 
 2. 
 
 Tene-batiir 
 
 8. 
 
 Doct-us es 
 
 14. 
 
 Doct-i estis 
 
 3. 
 
 Time-buntiir 
 
 9. 
 
 Territ-i erant 
 
 15. 
 
 Vide-bitiir 
 
 4. 
 
 Time-ntiir 
 
 10. 
 
 Vis-i erint 
 
 16. 
 
 D5ce-bantur 
 
 5. 
 
 Doce-baris 
 
 11. 
 
 Doct-a est 
 
 17. 
 
 Terre-bimmi 
 
 6. 
 
 Terre-tur 
 
 12. 
 
 Territ-i sunt 
 
 18. 
 
 Time-Tnini 
 
 Third Conjugation (Consonant Verbs). 
 
 PRESENT STEM TENSES. SUPINE STEM TENSES. 
 
 1. Dic-itiir 
 
 2. Duc-etiir 
 
 3. Frang-untur 
 
 4. Dtic-imur 
 
 5. Frang-entiir 
 
 6. Duc-imini 
 
 7. Miss-i sumus 
 
 8. Duct-i sunt 
 
 9. Fract-us erat 
 
 10. Miss-iis ero 
 
 11. Script-i erant 
 
 12. Duct- us es 
 
 ALL TENSES. 
 
 13. Mitt-etiir 
 
 14. Frang-ebatiir 
 
 15. Mitt-eris 
 
 16. Duct-tis eris 
 
 17. Dic-ebantur 
 
 18. Dic-etur 
 
FT. I.] 
 
 Detached Sentences. 
 
 PASSIVE VOICE {continued). 
 Fourth Conjugation. 
 
 PRESENT STEM TENSES. 
 
 1. Impedi-tiir 
 
 2. Puni-emur 
 
 3. Erudi-miir 
 
 4. Puni-untiir 
 
 5. Impedi-ebatiir 
 
 6. Ertidi-entur 
 
 SUPINE STEM TENSES. 
 
 7. Punit-i sunt 
 
 8. Impedit-us erat 
 
 9. Eriidit-i erant 
 
 10. Punit-iis eris 
 
 11. Eriidit-aest 
 
 12. Impedit-i surnus 
 
 13. 
 14. 
 15. 
 16. 
 17. 
 
 ALL TENSES. 
 
 Puni-etiir 
 
 Eriidi-ris 
 
 Impedi-ebar 
 
 Ptini-mini 
 
 Erudi-5r 
 
 18. Puni-entftr 
 
 All Four Conjugations. 
 
 1. 
 
 2. 
 3. 
 4. 
 5. 
 6. 
 
 Porta-bitiir 
 Doce-baris 
 Puni-tiis ero 
 Yisi erunt 
 Vide-bantur 
 Voca-ris 
 
 7. Duc-etiir 
 
 8. Time-tiir 
 
 9. Laudat-i sunt 
 
 10. Doct-iis eram 
 
 11. Frang-untiir 
 
 12. Eriidi-entiir 
 
 13. 
 14. 
 15. 
 16. 
 17. 
 18. 
 
 Tene-batur 
 Duc-eris 
 Duc-Sris 
 Lauda-mur 
 Vocat-iis es 
 Fract-i erant 
 
 
 
 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE. 
 
 
 
 
 All Four Conjugations. 
 
 
 1. 
 2. 
 3. 
 4. 
 5. 
 6. 
 
 Tene-bat 
 
 Voca-buntiir 
 
 Muni-t 
 
 Canta-nt 
 
 Puniv-erat 
 
 D5ce-batis 
 
 7. Lauda-ntiir 
 
 8. Miss-i siimiis 
 
 9. Scrib-es 
 
 10. Vid-it 
 
 11. Doce-tiir 
 
 12. Pugna-bant 
 
 13. 
 14. 
 15. 
 16. 
 17. 
 18. 
 
 Puni-mur 
 
 Laudav-eras 
 
 Mitt-eris 
 
 Frang-ent 
 
 Scrib-imus 
 
 Lauda-miir 
 
Detached Sentences. 
 
 [PT. L 
 
 3. Subject (expressed) and Verb. {See Note 1.) 
 A, Nouns of First Declension. Lat Prim., §§18, 88. 
 
 Like Mens-a. 
 Epistol-a, ae, f., letter, 
 Hast-a, -ae, f., spear, 
 Port-a, -ae, f., gate. 
 
 Puell-^, -ae, f., girl, 
 Eegin-a, -ae, f., queen, 
 Silv-a, -ae, f., wood. 
 
 [Verbs introduced for the first time in this and the following ExerciseG, 
 will be found in the Vocabulary at the end of the book.] 
 
 1. Epistol-a mitt-etur. 
 
 2. Hast-ae tene-ntur. 
 
 3. Regin-a ven-erat. 
 
 4. Puell-ae canta-bant. 
 
 5. Eegin-ae timii-erunt. 
 
 6. Silv-a vide-bitur. 
 
 7. Non terre-buntur. 
 
 8. Silv-ae impMi-unt. 
 
 9. Puell-a doce-tur. 
 
 10. Port-ae frang-entur. 
 
 11. Impedi-ebant. 
 
 12. Regin-a scrips-erat. 
 
 13. Puell-ae veni-ebant. 
 
 14. Epistol-ae mitt-entur. 
 
 15. Non laudat-i sunt. 
 
 16. Hasta frang-etur. 
 
 B. Nouns of Second Declension. Lat. Prim., § 19. 
 
 Like Domin-us. Like Magister. Like Bell-um. 
 
 Serv-iis, -i, m., slave, Lib^r, libri, m., hook Don-um, -i, n., gift. 
 Amic-iis, i, m., friend, Tel-um, -i, n., dart. 
 
 1. Serv-i veni-ebant. 
 
 2. Libri scripti sunt. 
 
 3. Don-um mitt-etur. 
 
 4. Puell-ae voca-bunt. 
 
 5. Magister doce-bat. 
 
 6. Tel-a frang-untur. 
 
 7. Amic-i laud-ant. 
 
 8. PuSr non time-t. 
 
 9. Don-a mitt-ebantur. 
 
 10. Port-ae impediv-erant. 
 
 11. Serv-i miss-i ^rant. 
 
 12. Amic-iis laudat-iis est. 
 
 13. Serv-us non cant^-t. 
 
 14. Non eriidi-untur. 
 
 15. Puell-a duc-ebat. 
 
 16. PuSr-i territ-i sunt. 
 
PT. I.] 
 
 Detached Sentences. 
 
 4. Transitive Verb and Object. {See Notes 2 and 3.) 
 A. Lat, Prim., § 96. 
 
 [Nouns of the First and Second Declension, introduced for the first 
 time in this and the following Exercises, will be found only in the 
 Vocabulary at the end of the book.] 
 
 1. Puer-um laudav-i. 
 
 2. Amic-i mane-bunt. 
 
 3. Serv-os v6cav-it. 
 
 4. Epistol-am scrib-ebamus. 
 
 5. Hast-as tenu-erant. 
 
 6. Port-ae claud-untur. 
 
 7. Puell-am duc-ebat. 
 
 8. Don-um mis-imus.* 
 
 9. Don-um mitt-itur.* 
 10. Eegin-am timu-i. 
 
 11. Puell-as d5ce-mus. 
 
 12. Port-ae frang-untur. 
 
 13. Impedi-ebantur 
 
 14. Regin-am vid-erant. 
 
 15. Hast-as freg-eratis. 
 
 16. Port-am claud-emus. 
 
 17. Amicos vinc-et. 
 
 18. Serv-um puni-am. 
 
 19. Tel-a mitt-imus.^ 
 
 20. Tel-a mitt-entur * 
 
 1. Serv-i capt-i sunt. 
 
 2. Nunti-os mis-imus. 
 
 3. Oppid-um muni-etur. 
 
 4. Verb-a laud-antur.* 
 
 5. Verb-a lauda-tis.* 
 
 6. Port-a claud-etur. 
 
 7. Fili-um docii-erat. 
 
 8. Mur-os non vidi. 
 
 9. Nunti-i curr-ebant. 
 10. Verb-um dixisti. 
 
 11. Castr-a muni-mus.* 
 
 12. Castr-a muni-untur.* 
 
 13. Bell-um ger-ebatur.* 
 
 14. Bell-um ger-ebant."^ 
 
 15. Oppid-a vid-imus. 
 
 16. L6c-um deleg-it. 
 
 17. Arm-a rapu-erunt. 
 
 18. Serv-os lauda-bam. 
 
 19. Regin-am vic-imus. 
 
 20. Silv-ae monstra-buntur. 
 
 ♦ See note 3. 
 
8 Detached Sentences. [pt. i. 
 
 5. Subject, Verb, Objectc 
 
 Nouns of Third Declension. Lat Prim., §§ 21, 22. 
 
 Eex, reg-is, m.. Icing. Av-is, -is, f., Urd. 
 
 Vox, voc-is, f., voice. Onus, oner-is, n., burden. 
 
 Miles, milit-is, m., soldier. Flumen, flumin-is, n., river. 
 
 Host-is, -IS, c, enemy, Opiis, 6per-is, n., work, 
 
 Civ-is, -is, c, citizen. 
 
 / , 3 Z 
 
 1. Magister puSros d5ce-t. 
 
 2. Amici epistolas mittient. , 
 
 3. Rex milit-es laudav-it.* 
 
 4. Hostes sagittas mis-erant*. 
 
 5. Servi oner^|,,portarbani 
 
 6. Eegina bellum time-bat."^ 
 
 7. Oppid-um non mtini-etur. 
 
 8. Nuntii donum porta-nt. 
 
 9. Voc-em non audiv-imus. 
 
 10. Gives oppidum muni-unt.* 
 
 11. Pueri magistros time-bant. 
 \ 12. Piiella av-em tenu-it. 
 
 ^ 13. Eeg-es non victi erant>^ >> 
 14.. Amici flumen monstra-bunt 
 
 \/15. Civ-es nuntium mis-erant. 
 
 i6. Flumin^ajiost-es impedi-untj* 
 
 17. Judex servos puniv-erat. 
 
 18. Pueri voc-em audiv-erunt. 
 
 19. Civ-es reg-em non time-nt. 
 
 20. Nuntii miss-i erunt. 
 
 ^ See note 3. 
 
PT. I.] Detached Sentences. 
 
 6. Subject, Verb, Object. 
 
 [Nouns of the Third Declension, introduced for the first time in this and 
 the following Exercises, will be found in the Vocabulary at the end 
 of the book. ] 
 
 1. Hostes bellum ger-ebant.* 
 
 2. Centiirio occis-us erat. 
 
 3. Dux equites mis-erit. 
 
 4. Gives pacem pet-ebant. 
 
 5. Legiones conscrib-ebantur. 
 
 6. Hostes urbem oppugna-bunt. 
 
 7. Caesar locum deleg-it. 
 
 8. HSmines mortem time-nt. 
 
 9. Virgo flores carp-ebat. 
 
 10. Imperator signum ded-it. 
 
 11. Eegin^ navem mis-erit. 
 
 12. Milites castra mtini-ent.* 
 
 13. Eomulus Eomam cond-idit. 
 
 14. Servi portas claus-erant. 
 
 15. Muros aedifica-bimus. 
 
 16. Milites navem conscend-unt. 
 
 17. Imperator castra p6su-it. 
 
 18. Mater periculum time-bat. 
 
 19. Centiirio interfect-us erat. 
 
 20. Cives arma tradid-erunt.* 
 
 * See note 3. 
 
10 Detached Sentences. [pt. i. 
 
 7. Adjectives of First and Second Declension. {See Note 6.) 
 
 Lat Prim., § 32. 
 
 lAlce Bonus. Like Niger. 
 
 Magn-iis^ -a, -um, great, Pul-cher, -chrS., -chrum, heavr 
 Mult-us, -a, -um, many. tiful. 
 
 Me-iis, -a, -um, my, Nos-ter, -tra, -trum, our, 
 
 Tu-iis, -a, -um, thy, your. Ves-t^r, -tra, -trum, your. 
 Su-us, -a, -um, his, her, its, Like Tener. 
 
 their, Mis-^r, -era, erum, wretched. 
 
 1. Amicus tuus veni-et. 
 
 2. Servi miseri puni-untur. 
 
 3. Oppidum magnum oppugna-batur. 
 
 4. Filium meum laudav-isti. 
 6. Milites arma rapii-erunt. 
 
 6. Nuntios multos mis-erant. 
 
 7. Puellam pulchram dtic-ebat. 
 
 8. Portae nostrae claud-untur. 
 
 9. Milites multi occis-i sunt. 
 
 10. Urbs magna capi-etur. 
 
 11. Imperator copias edux-it. 
 
 12. Eex noster laudat-us erat. 
 
 13. Naves multae fract-ae sunt. 
 
 14. Dona magna miss-a erant. 
 
 15. Flumen magnum time-mus. 
 
 16. Opera tuS, laudata sunt. 
 
 17. Filios suos culpa-bat. 
 
 18. Vocem pulchram audiv-imus. 
 
 19. Castra nostra munit-a sunt. 
 
 20. Gives patriam defend-unt. 
 
PT. I.] Detached Sentences. 11 
 
 8. Adjectives of Third Declension. 
 
 Lat Prim., § 33. 
 Like Trist-is. Like Felix. 
 
 Dulc-is, -e, sweet Vel-ox, -ocis, swift, 
 
 Brev-is, -e, short Aud-ax, -acis, hold, 
 Grav-is, -e, heavy. 
 
 Fort-is, -e, hram. Like iDgens. 
 
 Omn-is, -e, all, Sapi-ens, -entis, wise. 
 
 1. Nuntios veloces mis-i. 
 
 2. Has tarn brevem tene-bam. 
 
 3. Dux milites fortes laudav-it. 
 
 4. Servi onera gravia porta- bant. 
 
 5. MarS magnum non time-mus. 
 
 6. Naves omnes amiss-ae sunt. 
 
 7. Reges sapientes bella non ger-unt. 
 
 8. Voces dulces audit-ae sunt. 
 
 9. Gives arma su^ trad-ent. 
 
 10. Dux noster vulnera gravia accep-it. 
 
 11. Puer Spistolam brevem scrips-erat. 
 
 12. Carmen dulce audit-um erit. 
 
 13. Periciilum ingens non vita-bis. 
 
 1 4. Servi audaces portam f reg-erunt. 
 
 15. Gaesar copias omnes edux-it. 
 
 16. Gives omnes verba tua lauda-nt. 
 
 17. Omnes ^mici nostri mane-bunt. 
 
 18. Milites fortes hastas non time nt 
 
 19. Puellae carmen dulce canta-bant. 
 
 20. Urbs tota incens-S erit. 
 
12 Detached Sentences, [pt. l 
 
 9. Nouns of Fourth and Fifth Declension. 
 iMt Prim., §§ 23, 24. 
 
 Fourtli Declension. Fifth Declension. 
 
 Exercit-tis, -us, m., army. Res, rei, f., thing, matter, 
 
 Impet-us, -us, m., attack, charge. Spes, spei, f., hope, 
 
 Man-US, -us, f., hand. Aci-es, Si, £., line of battle, 
 
 1. Omnes milites impetum fec-erunt. 
 
 2. Dux noster aciem instrux-erat. 
 
 3. Pueri manus suas tend-ebant. 
 
 4. Legati rem omnem nuntiav-erunt. 
 
 5. Gives nostri urbem suam defend-unt. 
 
 6. Hostes impetum nostrum non sustine-bant. 
 
 7. Exercittis magni coact-i sunt. 
 
 8. Montes alti exercitus impedi-ebant. 
 
 9. Amicus tuus opus magnum confec-it. 
 
 10. Milites nostri spem omnem deposu-erant. 
 
 11. Multi homines mare time-nt. 
 
 12. Vir sapiens regnum obtine-bat. 
 
 13. Popiilus Romanus omnes hostes vic-it. 
 
 14. Exercitus vestri non vict-i sunt. 
 
 15. Caesar legiones multas conscripsit. 
 
 16. Milites virttitem magnam praebe-bant. 
 
 17. Gives nostri leges bonas lauda-bunt. 
 
 18. Garmina dulcia audiv-imus. 
 
 19. Hercules magnum leonem occid-it. 
 
 20. Pater filium suum culpa-bit. 
 
PT. I.] Detached Sentences. 13 
 
 10. Genitive. (N-sU 9, a.) 
 
 1. Portae urbis claud-ebantur, 
 
 2. Filium reginae vid-imus. 
 
 3. Vox imperatoris audit-a erat. 
 
 4. Denies leonum time-mus. 
 
 5. Libros multos scrips-erat. 
 
 6. Amicus consiilis veni-et. 
 
 7. Militum virtus laudat-a est. 
 
 8. Causam belli monstra-bo. 
 
 9. Verba amici audiv-isti. 
 10. Timor milites impedi-et. 
 
 11. Magnus numSrus occis-us erat. 
 
 12. Filii regis non veni-ent. 
 
 13. Opus servorum laudav-imus. 
 
 14. Naves hostium fract-ae sunt. 
 
 15. Milites multi miss-i erunt. 
 
 16. Iram imperatoris timu-i. 
 
 17. Copias omnes praemis-it. 
 
 18. Gallorum castra oppugna-bant. 
 
 19. Impetum hostium non sustinu-erunt 
 
 20. Domus consiilis arde-bat 
 
14 Detached Sentences. [pt. l 
 
 11. The Verb Sum. {See Note L) i 
 
 Lat Prim., § 94. 
 
 1. SilvS. Srat densa. 
 
 2. Epist51ae longae sunt. 
 
 3. Nomen tuum magnum erit. 
 
 4. Hostes nostri audaces fu-erunt. 
 
 5. Caesar castra su^ pos-uit. 
 
 6. Oppida Gallorum incend-ebantur 
 
 7. Dux hostium signum ded-erat. 
 
 8. Servi fuimus : liberi sumus. 
 
 9. Verba amici tui lauda-ntur. 
 
 10. Agios latos vasta-bant. 
 
 11. Pauper erat: nunc dives est. 
 
 12. Voces virginum dulces erant. 
 
 13. Praemium magnum da-bitur. 
 
 14. Virtus militum magna est. 
 
 15. Muri Babylonis alti sunt. 
 
 16. Portas templi non claud-emus. 
 
 17. Gallorum impetum sustine-bant. 
 
 18. Urbs regis nostri magnS. est. 
 
 19. Hastae militum longae erant. 
 
 20. Sacerdos taurum ingentem macta-t, 
 
PT. I.] Detached Sentences. 15 
 
 12. Apposition. {See Note 7.) 
 Lat Prim,, § 90. 
 
 1. Caesar, dux noster, bel^um gess-Srat. 
 
 2. Lentulum, amicum tuum, non vid-i. 
 
 3. Tempestas magna naves afflicta-bat. 
 
 4. Hostes hastas et sagittas mitt-ebant. 
 
 5. Eomam, urbem nostram, def end-emus. 
 
 6. Omnes vici et aedificia incend-ebantur. 
 
 7. Miilieres et pueri non traditi sunt. 
 
 8. Arma capi-ent et urbem def end-ent. 
 
 9. Verb^ sapientis judicis lauda-buntur. 
 
 10. Omnes portae oppidi clausae Srant. 
 
 11. Currtis barbarorum milites terre-bant. 
 
 12. Italiam, patriam nostram, ama-mus. 
 
 13. Moenia et arcem Carthagmis vide-tis. 
 
 14. Eomiilus, Martis filius, Romam condid-it. 
 
 15. Multae navium nostrarum amiss-ae sunt. 
 
 16. Tum locum idoneum deleg-it. 
 
 1 7. Silvae et fltimina hostes impedi-ent. 
 
 18. Omnes cives Ciceronis orationes lauda-nt. 
 
 19. Exercitus Caesaris, diicis nostri, magni sunt. 
 
 20. Vox Lesbiae, sSroris tuae, dulcis est.. 
 
16 Detached Sentences. [pt. l 
 
 13. Adjectives used Substantively. {See Note 6, Ohs,) 
 
 1. Turn nostri magnum niimSrum occid-erunt. 
 
 2. Epist51ae tuae multos erildi-ent. 
 
 3. Omnium Gallorum fortissimi sunt Belgae. 
 
 4. Hostes impetum nostrorum diu exspecta-bant. 
 
 5. Septima legio at omnis equitatus contend-ent. 
 
 6. Verba Caii, fratris tui, sapientissima sunt, 
 
 7. Militum diligentiam et virtutem vid-istis. 
 
 8. Omnes fugi-ebant : multi autem capt-i sunt. 
 
 9. Dux noster, vir f ortissimus, vulnerat-us est. 
 
 10. Vitam amici nostri semper def end-emus. 
 
 11. Multi barbarorum terga vert-erunt. 
 
 12. Omnes vocem imperatoris audiv-Srant. 
 
 13. Pltirimi hostium nostrorum vulnerat-i erant, 
 
 14. Magni pondSris saxS coll6cat-a sunt. 
 
 15. Omnium civium Lentiilus audacissimus fuit. 
 
 16. Fortes et sapientes semper lauda-buntur. 
 
 17. Murus et porta oppidi vestri sunt alti. 
 
 18. Homerus, maximus poetarum, multa scrips-it^ 
 
 19. Omnes arm^ rapu-erant et castra oppugna-bant, 
 
 20. Equitum magnam multittidinem vid-imus. 
 
1J 
 
 FT. I.] Detached Sentences. 17 
 
 14. Pronouns. 
 
 Lat Prim., § 38. 
 
 Ego, 7. Nos, we. Is, ea, id, tliat^ he, she, it. 
 
 Tu, thou. Vos, you. Hie, haec, hoc, this, 
 
 Se, himself, herself, itself, lUe, ilia, illiid, that, 
 themselves. Ipse, ipsa, ipsum, self. 
 
 Idem, eadem, idem, same. 
 
 1. Vos mortem time-tis ; nos patriam def end-emus. 
 
 2. Vos verba judicis sapientis audiv-istis. 
 
 3. Nos omnes hoc donum libenter accep-imus. 
 
 4. Hie eulpa-tur : ille tamen lauda-tur. 
 
 5. Horum omnium tu audacissimus es. 
 
 6. lUi legatos mis-erunt et paeem pet-ebant. 
 
 7. Hi omnes eadem verba die-ebant. 
 
 8. Has literas Caesar, dux noster, ipse serips-it. 
 
 9. Eam partem oppidi nondum mtiniv-erant. 
 
 10. Hujus p^ter regnum turn obtine-bat. 
 
 1 1 . Multi eorum tergS, vert-erunt : pauei eap-ti sunt. 
 
 12. Exploratores nostri haee omnia nuntiav-erunt. 
 
 13. Ejus regionis ineolae fortiter se defend-unt. 
 
 14. Hae res magnam difiieultatem praebe-bant, 
 
 15. Is dies jam appetiv-it et omnia parat-a sunt. 
 
 16. Ille consilium eorum statim intellex-it. 
 
 17. Hi castra mtini-ebant : illi portas custodi-ebant. 
 
 18. Nos ipsi hunc imprSbissimum puni-emus. 
 
 19. Ille omnem spem sSIutis jam depos-uerat. 
 
 20. Nos omnes eandem patriam habe-mus. 
 
 B 
 
18 Detaclied Sentences. [pt. i. 
 
 15. Ablative and Prepositions. {See Note 11, a.) 
 
 1. Urbs Roma a Eomiilo condit^ est. 
 
 2. Ipse imperator gladio vulneratus est. 
 
 3. Omnes hos libros manu mea scripsi. 
 
 4. Troja, urbs antiqua, a Graecis obsidebatur. 
 
 5. Castra Romanorum vallo et fossa munita sunt. 
 
 6. Templum Dianae igne absumptum est. 
 
 7. Ipse Ariovistus cum omnibus copiis contendet. 
 
 8. Omnes naves nostrae fluctibus fractae ^rant. 
 
 9. MiiliSres cum filiis ab hostibus captae sunt. 
 
 10. Haec omniS, ab exploratoribus demonstrantur. 
 
 11. Multi cum liberis suis ex urbe fiigiebant. 
 
 12. Puellarum capita floribus recentibus ornata sunt. 
 
 13. Caesar cum tribus legionibus in Italiam conteudebat 
 
 14. Verba sapientis ab omnibus laudabuntur. 
 
 15. Ille cum S,micis suis per Italiam iter facit. 
 
 16. Lcgati ab hostibus ad Caesarem missi sunt. 
 
 17. Maximum bellum nuper in Asia confectum est. 
 
 18. Pauci in urbe manent ; pltirimi in agros se recipiunt. 
 
 19. Haec magna voce dixit : turn se ex nave projecit. 
 
 20. Multa de hoc a poetis narrantur. 
 
PT. i.j Detached Sentences, 19 
 
 16. Time. {See Note 11, e.) 
 
 1. Propter tantum scelus in vinciila conjectus est. 
 
 2. In hoc 15co multos dies manebant. 
 
 3. Proximo anno cum exercitu in Asiam contendit. 
 L Eadem nocte multi ex oppido effugerunt. 
 
 5. Propter banc causam Caesar castra moverat. 
 
 6. Ex omnibus partibus tela in nostros conjiciebantur. 
 
 7. Interim barbari nuntios in omnes partes dimiserunt. 
 
 8. Post paucos dies ad banc urbem pervenerunt. 
 
 9. Nos per fines eorum iter faciemus. 
 
 10. Ipse imp^rator inter milites suos pugnabat. 
 
 11. Non sine magno periculo haec facta sunt. 
 
 12. Magna multitudo armorum de muro jact^ est. 
 
 13. De his rebus nihil adhuc audiveramus. 
 
 14. Eodem tempore legati ab Aeduis missi sunt. 
 
 15. Portae urbis a civibus ante noctem clausae eiant. 
 
 16. Hi omnes trans Ehenum incolebant. 
 
 17. Ob eas causas in fines Sequanorum copias duxit. 
 
 18. Ille propter virtutem ab omnibus laudabitur. 
 
 19. Haec omnia ab iis diligenter facta erant. 
 
 20. Multos annos cum hoc viro in Graecia habitabant 
 
20 Detached Sentences. [pt. i. 
 
 17. Dative. {See Note 10.) 
 Lat Prim., § 104. 
 
 1. Haec praemia propter virtu tern puero data sunt. 
 
 2. Omnes libri tui nobis utilissimi fuerunt 
 
 3. Vobis, amici mei, rem totam exponam. 
 
 4. Helvetii reliquos Gallos virttite praecedunt. 
 
 5. Domus mea templo Dianae ^roxima est. 
 
 6. Lentiilus, amicus tuus, nobis carissimus est. 
 
 7. Propter banc causam maxima laus tibi debetur. 
 
 8. Tum cives omnes imperatori arma tradiderunt. 
 
 9. lUi repentina re maxime perturbabantur. 
 
 10. Omnes Britanni vitro se inficiebant. 
 
 11. lUe summam scientiam rei militaris habebat. 
 
 12. Postridie nuntios in omnes partes dimisit. 
 
 13. Dux noster libertatem omnibus captivis dedit. 
 
 14. Illo tempore Laomedon regnum Trojae obtinebat. 
 
 15. Oppidum eorum non procW a nostris castris aberat 
 
 16. His rebus nos maxime perterriti sumus. 
 
 17. Non sine magno periciilo opus confecimus. 
 
 18. Haec tamen res erat summae diffiicultatis. 
 
 19. BarbSri tela saxa-que in nostros conjiciebant. 
 
 20. Magnam partem diei frustra consumpsit. 
 
PT. I.] Detached Sentences. 21 
 
 18. Deponent Verbs. 
 
 Lat Prim., § 40. 
 
 1. In ea regione paucos dies m5rati sumus. 
 
 2. De his rebus legati multa locuti sunt. 
 
 3. Pauca millia passuum ex eo loco progressus est. 
 
 4. Ille nattiram loci omnino ignorabat. 
 
 5. Ob banc causam Caesar in fines eorum profectus est. 
 
 6. Magno cum gaudio literas tuas accepi. 
 
 7. Hoc opus omnium difFicillimum Srat. 
 
 8. Milites e navibus in terram egressi sunt 
 
 9. Post brSve tempus magna tempestas co-orta est. 
 
 10. Multi eorum ad silvas se rgceperant. 
 
 11. Hoc flumen nullo ponte junctum erat. 
 
 12. Ille pro hoc beneficio mercedem postulabat. 
 
 1 3. Non procul ex eo loco castra su3, posuit. 
 
 14. Magnus timor ^nimos nostrorum occupavit. 
 
 15. Totum bellum sinS uUa m6ra confectum erit. 
 
 16. Ob has res nos magnopere irati sumus. 
 
 1 7. Tandem cum reliquis copiis proficiscitur. 
 
 18. Contra opinionem omnium ad mare pervenit. 
 
 19. Omnes cives audaciam ejus hominis admirantur. 
 
 20. Post tres dies tempestatem idoneam nactus est. 
 
22 Detached Sentences. [pt. l 
 
 19. Prolative Infinitive. 
 
 Lat. Prim., §§ 140, 144. 
 
 1. De his causis Caesar castra movere constituit. 
 
 2. Frumentum ex agris in oppida comportare coeperunt. 
 
 3. V^nus omnium dearum pulchemma fuisse dicitur. 
 
 4. Vocem tuam audire magnopere ciipiebamus. 
 
 5. Nihil unquam infelicius mihi accidit. 
 
 6. Omnes boni pro patria pugnare parati sunt. 
 
 7. Cum reliquis ISgionibus pr6ficisci maturavit. 
 
 8. Multi de suis forttinis desperare coeperunt. 
 
 9. Barbari proelium committere non audebant. 
 
 10. lUe famam de his rebus nondum acceperat. 
 
 11. Ipse Eomulus Komam condidisse traditur. 
 
 12. Nostri se ex timore jam receperant. 
 
 13. Dolor em gravem per omnia membr^ sensimus. 
 
 14. Hercules hominum validissimus fuisse dicitur. 
 
 15. lUe magna celeritate totum opus confecit 
 
 16. Multi ex ^lia parte oppidi se ejecerunt. 
 
 17. Id oppidum Caesar oppugnare conatus est. 
 
 18. A deo jussus est filiam suam monstro tradere. 
 
 19. Constituit omnia imp^rata ejus facSre. 
 
 20. Haec omnia ex captivis cognovit. 
 
PT. l] Detached Sentences, 23 
 
 20. Irregular Verbs, 
 Lat. Prim., §§ 79, 80. 
 
 1. Nostri impetum eorum sustinere non potSrant 
 
 2. Ille tamen tantum negotium suscipere nolebat. 
 
 3. Omnes igitur ad urbem statim se contiilerunt. 
 
 4. Eeliquae naves cursum tenere non potuerunt. 
 
 5. Prima luce ancoras sustulit et navem solvit. 
 
 6. Multi civium ad templa deorum ibant. 
 
 7. Propter has causas ad castra redire noluit. 
 
 8. Hostes impetum ^quitum nostrorum non tiilerunt. 
 
 9. De his rebus ab exploratoribus certior factus est. 
 
 10. Interim barbari nuntios in omnes partes dimiserunt. 
 
 11. Tempore opportunissimo Caesar auxilium nobis tiilit. 
 
 12. lUi ad occasum solis frustra exspectabant. 
 
 1 3. Propter hoc beneficium gratias ei retiili. 
 
 14. Pauca millia passuum per silvam progressi erant. 
 
 15. Ob banc causam ira graviter commotus est. 
 
 16. De his rebus magna controversi^ orta est. 
 
 17. Nos tantam occasionem omittere nolebamus. 
 
 18. Post breve tempus ad urbem regis rSdiit. 
 
 19. His de causis Caesar Rhenum transire constituit. 
 
 20. Urbs Troja a Graecis decern annos obsessa est. 
 
PART II. 
 CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 
 
 PERSEUS. 
 
 AcrisiuSf an ancient king of Argos,, had been warned by an 
 oracle that he would perish by the hand of his grandson. On 
 discovering, therefore, that his daughter Ddnde had given birth 
 to a son, Acrisius endeavoured to escape his fate by casting both 
 mother and child adrift on the sea. They were saved, however, 
 by the help of Jupiter; and Perseus, the child, grew up at the 
 cou/rt of Polydectes, king of Seriphos, an island in the Aegean 
 Sea. On reaching manhood, Perseus was sent by Polydectes to 
 fetch the head of Medusa, one of the Gorgons, This dangerous 
 task he accomplished with the help of Apollo and Minerva, and 
 on his way home he rescued AndrdmMa (daughter of Cepheus) 
 from a sea monster. Perseus then married AndrdmMa, and lived 
 some time in the country of Cepheus. At length, however, he 
 returned to Seriphos, and turned Polydectes to stone by showing 
 him the Gorgon's head ; he then went to the court of Acrisius, 
 who fled in terror at the news of his grandsons return. The 
 oracle was duly fulfilled, for Acrisius was accidentally killed by 
 a quoit thrown by Perseus, 
 
 24 
 
FT. II.] Perseus. 25 
 
 21. THE ARK, 
 
 Haec narrantur a poetis ila Perseo. Perseus filius erat 
 J6vis, maximi deorum : avus ejus Acrisius appellatus est. 
 Acrisius volebatPerseumnepotejasuum necare^; nam propter 
 oraculum pu^rum timebat. Comprehendit igitur Perseum, 
 adhuc infantem, et cum matre in area lignea inclusit. Tum 
 arcam ipsam in mare conjecit. Danae, Persei mater, magno- 
 pere territa est : tempestas enim magna mare turbabat. 
 Perseus autem in sinu matris dormiebat. 
 
 22. CAST ON AN ISLAND. 
 
 Jupiter tamen haec omnia vidit, et filium suum servare 
 constituit. Fecit igitur mare tranquillum, et arcam ad 
 insiilam Seriphum perduxit. Hujus insiilae Polydectes tum 
 rex erat. Postquam area ad litus appulsa est, Danae in 
 arena quietem capiebat. Post breve tempus a piscatore quo- 
 dam reperta est, et ad domum regis Polydectis adducta est. 
 lUe matrem et puerum benigne excepit, et sedem tutam in 
 finibus suis dedit. At Danae hoc donum libenter accepit, 
 et pro tanto beneficio regi gratias egit. 
 
 23. PERSEUS SENT ON HIS TRA VELS, 
 
 Perseus igitur multos annos ibi habitabat, et cum matre 
 sua vitam agebat beatam. At Polydectes Danaen magnopere 
 amabat, atque eam in matrimonium ducere volebat. Hoc 
 tamen consih'um Perseo minime gratum erat. Polydectes 
 igitur Perseum dimittere constituit. Tum juvenem ad se 
 vocavit et haec dixit : *' Turpe est vitam banc ignavam agere ; 
 jamdudum tu adolescens es ; quousque hie manebis' ? Tem- 
 pus est arma capere et virtutem praestare. Hinc abi, et 
 caput Medusae mihi refer." 
 
26 Consecutive Stories. [pt. ii. 
 
 24. PERSEUS GETS HIS OUTFIT, 
 
 Perseus, ubi haec audivit, ex insula discessit, et postquam 
 ad continentem venit, Medusam quaesivit. Diu frustra 
 quaerebat ; namque naturam loci ignorabat. Tandem Apollo 
 et Minerva viam demonstraverunt. Primum ad Graias, 
 sorores Medusae, pervenit. Ab his talaria et galeam magicam 
 accepit. Apollo autem et Minerva falcem et speculum de- 
 derunt. Tum postquam talaria pedibus induit, in aera as- 
 cendit. Diu per aera volabat : tandem tamen ad eum locum 
 venit, ubi Medusa cum ceteris Gorgonibus habitabat : Gorgones 
 autem monstra erant specie horribili : capita enim eariim 
 squamis omnino contecta sunt : manus etiam ex aere factae 
 sunt. 
 
 25. THE GORGON'S HEAD, 
 
 Ees erat difficillima abscidere caput Gorgonis : ejus 
 enim conspectu homines in saxum vertebantur. Propter banc 
 causam Minerva speculum ei dederat. Perseus igitur tergum 
 vertit, et in speculum inspiciebat : hoc modo ad locum venit, 
 ubi Medusa dormiebat. Tum falce sua caput ejus uno ictu 
 abscidit. Ceterae Gorgones statim e somno excitatae sunt, 
 et, ubi rem viderunt, ira commotae sunt. Arma rapuerunt, et 
 Perseum occidere volebant ; ille autem, dum fugit, galeam 
 magicam induit, et, ubi hoc fecit, statim e conspectu earum 
 evasit. 
 
PT. II.] Perseus. 27 
 
 26. THE SEA SERPENT, 
 
 Post haec Perseus in fines Aethiopum venit : ibi Cepheus 
 quidam illo tempore regnabat. Hie Nepttinum, maris deum, 
 olim offenderat: Neptunus autem monstrum saevissimum 
 miserat. Hoc quotidie e mari veniebat, et homines devorabat. 
 Ob banc causam pavor animos omnium occupaverat. Cepheus 
 igitur oraciilum dei Ammonis consuluit, atque a deo jussus 
 est filiam monstro tradere. (Ejus autem filia, nomine An- 
 dromeda, virgo formosissima erat.) Cepheus, ubi haec audivit, 
 magnum dolorem percepit. Volebat tamen cives suos e tanto 
 periculo extrahere : atque ob eam causam constituit imperata 
 Ammonis facere. 
 
 7n. A HUMAN SACRIFICE. 
 
 Turn rex diem certam dixit, et omnia paravit. Ubi ea 
 dies venit, Andromeda ad litus deducta est, et in conspectu 
 omnium ad rupem alligata (est). Omnes fatum ejus deplo- 
 rabant, nee lacrimas tenebant. At subito, dum monstrum 
 exspectant, Perseus accurritj et, ubi lacrimas vidit, causam 
 doloris quaerit. Illi rem totam exponiint, et puellam demon- 
 strant. Dum haec geruntur, fremitus terribilis auditur ; 
 simul monstrum, horribili specie, procul consplcitur. Ejus 
 conspectus timorem maximum omnibus injecit. At monstrum 
 magna celeritate ad litus contendit, jam-que ad locum appro- 
 pinquabat, ubi puella stabat. 
 
28 Consecutive Stories. [pt. ii 
 
 28. THE RESCUE. 
 
 At Perseus, ubi haec vidit, gladium suum rapiiit : et, post- 
 quam talaria induit, in aera sublatus est. Turn desuper in 
 monstrum impStum subito fecit : et gladio suo collum ejus 
 graviter vulneravit. Monstrum, ubi sensit vulnus, fremitum 
 horribilem edidit, et sine mora totum corpus sub aquam 
 mersit. Perseus, dum circum litus volat, reditum ejus ex- 
 spectabat : mare autem interna undique sanguine inficitur. 
 Post breve temp us, bellua rursus caput sustulit ; mox tamen 
 a Perseo ictu graviore vulnerata est. Turn iterum se sub 
 undas mersit, neque postea visa est. 
 
 29. THE REWARD OF VALOUR. 
 
 Perseus, postquam in litus descendit, primum talaria exuit : 
 tum ad rupem venit, ubi Andromeda vincta erat. Ea 
 autem omnem spem saltitis deposuerat, et, ubi Perseus adiit, 
 terrore paene exanimata est. Ille vincula statim solvit, et 
 puellam patri reddidit. Cepheus ob banc rem maximo 
 gaudio afFectus est : meritas gratias pro tanto beneficio 
 Perseo retiilit ; praeterea Andromedam ipsam ei in matri- 
 monium dedit. Ille libenter hoc donum accepit, et puellam 
 (uxorem) duxit : paucos annos cum uxore sua in ea region e 
 habitabat, et in magno honore erat apud omnes Aethiopes. 
 Magnopere tamen cupiebat matrem suam rursus videre. 
 Tandem igitur cum uxore e regno Cephei discessit. 
 
PT. II.] Perseus. 29 
 
 SO. TURNED TO STONE, 
 
 Postquam Perseus ad insulam navem appulit, se ad locum 
 contiilit, ubi mater olim habitav^rat : at domum invenit 
 vacuam et omnino desertam. Tres dies per totam insulam 
 matrem quaerebat ; tandem quarto die ad templum Dianae 
 pervenit. Hue Danae refugerat, qu6d Polydectem timebat. 
 Perseus, ubi haec cognovit, ira magna commotus est; ad 
 regiam Polydectis sine mora contendit, et, ubi e6 venit, statim 
 in atrium irrupit. Polydectes magno timore afFectus est, et 
 fugere volebat. Dum tamen ille fugit, Perseus caput Me- 
 dusae monstravit ; ille autem, simul-atque hoc vidit, in saxum 
 versus est. 
 
 31. THE ORACLE FULFILLED. 
 
 Post haec Perseus cum uxore sua ad urbem Acrisii rediit : 
 ille autem, ubi Perseum vidit, magno terrore afFectus est: 
 nam propter oraculum istud nepotem suum adhuc timebat : in 
 Thessaliam igitur ad urbem Larissam statim reftigit : frustra 
 tamen ; neque enim fatum suum vitavit. Post paucos annos 
 rex Larissae ludos magnos fecit : nuntios in omnes partes 
 dimiserat, et diem edixerat. Multi ex omnibus urbibus 
 Graeciae ad ludos convenerunt : ipse Perseus inter alios 
 certamen discorum iniit. At, dum discum conjicit, avum 
 suum casu occidit ; Acrisius enim inter spectatores ejus cer- 
 taminis forte stabat. 
 
30 Consecutive Stories. [pt. ii. 
 
 HERCULES. 
 
 HerculeSj a Greek hero celebrated for his great strength, was pur- 
 sued throughout his life by the hatred of Juno, While yet an 
 infant, he strangled some serpents sent by the goddess to destroy 
 him. During his boyhood and youth he performed various mar- 
 vellous feats of strength ; and, on reaching manhood, succeeded in 
 delivering the Thehans from the oppression of the Minyae. In a 
 fit of madness, sent upon him by Juno, he slew his own children, 
 and on consulting the Delphic oracle as to how he should cleanse 
 himself from this crime, he was ordered to submit himself for 
 twelve years to Eurystheus, king of Tiryns, and to perform what- 
 ever tasks were a'ppointed him. Hercules obeyed the oracle, and 
 during the twelve years of his servitude accomplished twelve extra- 
 ordinary feats known as the Labours of Hercules, His death was 
 caused (unintentionally) by his wife Deianira. Hercules had shot 
 with his poisoned arrows a Centaur named Nessus, who had insulted 
 Deianira, Nessus, before he died, gave some of his blood to 
 Deianira, and told her it would act as a charm to secure her 
 husband! s love. Some time after, Deianira, wishing to try the 
 charm, soaked one of her husband's garments in the blood, not 
 knowing that it was poisoned, Hercules put on the robe, and, 
 after suffering terrible torments, died, or was carried off by his 
 father Jupilen 
 
PT. II.] Hercules. 31 
 
 32. THE INFANT PRODIGY, 
 
 Hercules, Alcmenae filius, olim in Graecia LabitaBat 
 Hic^icitujJ omnium hominum valicpssimus fuisse . At Juno, 
 regina *deQUuai, Alcmenam oderat, et Herciilenv adhuc in- 
 fantem necare volljit. Misit igitur 4liQ. serpentes saevi§- 
 simos : hi, media nocte, in cubiculum Alcmenae venerunt, 
 ubi Hercules cum fratre suo dormiefcat. (Nee tamen in 
 cunis, sed in scute magno cubabant.) Serpentes jam appro- 
 pinquaverant et scut um movebant^;^ itaque pueri e somno 
 excitati sunt. 
 
 83. HERCULES AND THE SERPENTS. 
 
 Iphicles, frater Herculis, imagna vocej exclamavit; at 
 Hercules ipse, puer forti^mus, haudquaquam ■ territus est. 
 iParvis manibus serpentes statim prehendit, et colla eorum 
 magnaj^ com^^reasit. ^Tali modo serpentes ^_a pjuer^ interfecti 
 sunt. Alcmena autem, mater puerorum, clamorem audiverat, 
 et maritum sui^m e somno excitaverat. Ille lumeiiTaccencJjt, 
 et gladium suum rapuit ; turn ad pueros properaji^t, sed, ubi 
 ad locum venit, rem miram vidit: Hercules enim ridehd; et 
 serpentes mortu^s monstrafe^ji. 
 
32 Consecutive Stories. [pt. ii. 
 
 34. THE MUSIC LESSON, 
 
 Hercules a puero corpus suum diligenter exercebat : 
 magnam partem diei in palaestra consumebat: didicit etiam 
 arcum intendere et tela conjicere. His exercitationibus vires 
 ejus confirmatae sunt. In musica etiam a Lino Centauro 
 erudiebatur : (Oentauri autem equi erant, sed caput hominis 
 habebant) ; huic tamen arti minus diligenter studebat. Hie 
 Linus Herciilem olim culpabat, qu6d parum studiosus erat: 
 tum puer iratus citharam subito rapuit ; et summis viribus 
 caput magistri infelicis perqussit. Ille ictu prostratus est, et 
 paulo post e vita excessit, neque quisquam postea id officium 
 suscipere voluit. 
 
 35. HERCULES ESCAPES FROM BEING 
 SACRIFICED, 
 De Herciile haec etiam, inter alia, narrantur. Olim, dum 
 iter f^cit, in fines Aegyptiorum venit ; ibi rex quidam, nomine 
 Busiris, illo tempore regnabat ; hie autem, vir crudelissimus, 
 homines immolare consueverat : Herculem igitur corripuit, et 
 in vincula conjecit. Tum nuntios dimisit, et diem sacrificio 
 edixit. Mox ea dies appetivit, et omnia rite parata sunt. 
 Mantis Herciilis catenis ferreis vinctae sunt : et mola salsa in 
 caput ejus inspersa est. (Mos enim erat apud antiquos salem 
 et far capitibus victimarum imponere.) Jam victima ad aram 
 stabat; jam sacerdos cultrum sumpserat. Subito tamen 
 Hercules magno conata vincula perrupit : tum ictu sacer- 
 dotem prostravit : altero regem ipsum occidit. 
 
 36. EAR-CROPPING, 
 
 Herciiles, jam adolescens, urbem Thebas incolebat. Kex 
 Thebarum, vir ignavus, Creon appellatus est. Minyae, gens 
 bellicosissima, Thebanis finitimi erant. Legati autem a 
 Minyis ad Thebanos quotannis mittebantur: hi Thebas 
 
PT. II.] Hercules. 33 
 
 veniebant, et centum boves postulabant. Thebani enim olim 
 a Minyis superati erant ; tribtita igitur regi Minyarum quo- 
 tannis pendebant. At Herciiles cives suos hoc stipendio 
 liberare constituit : legates igitur comprehendit, atque aures 
 eorum abscidit. Legati autem apud omnes gentes sacri 
 habentur. 
 
 37. DEFEAT OF THE MINYAE. 
 
 Erginus, rex Minyarum, ob haec vehementer iratus est, 
 et cum omnibus copiis in fines Thebanorum contendit. Creon 
 adventum ejus per exploratores cognovit ; ipse tamen pugnare 
 Qoluit, nam magno timore affectus est ; Thebani igitur Her- 
 ciilem imperatorem creaverunt. Ille nuntios in omnes partes 
 dimisit, et copias coegit : tum proximo die cum magno ex- 
 ercitu profectus est. Locum idoneum delegit, et aciem in- 
 struxit : tum Thebani e superiore loco impetum in hostes 
 fecerunt. Illi autem impetum sustinere non potuerunt: 
 itaque acies hostium pulsa est atque in fugam conversa. 
 
 38. MADNESS AND MURDER. 
 
 Post hoc proelium Hercules copias suas ad urbem reduxit. 
 Omnes Thebani propter victoriam maxime gaudebant : Creon 
 autem magnis honoribus Herciilem decoravit, atque filiam 
 suam ei in matrimonium dedit. Hercules cum uxore sua 
 vitam beatam agebat; sed post paucos annos subito in 
 furorem incidit, atque liberos suos ipse sua manu occidit. 
 Post breve tempus ad sanitatem reductus est, et propter hoc 
 facinus magno dolore affectus est , mox ex urbe effugit, et in 
 silvas se recepit. Nplebant enim cives sermonem cum eo 
 habere. 
 
34 Consecutive Stories. [pt. ii. 
 
 89. HERCULES CONSULTS THE ORACLE, 
 [See Note 15, and Preliminary Exercise on the Relative.] 
 
 Herciiles magnopere cupiebat tantum scelus expiara, 
 Constituit igitur ad oraculum Delphicum ire : hoc enim 
 oraculum erat omnium celeberrimum. Ibi templiim erat 
 AppoUinis, plurimis donis ornatum : hoc in templo sedebat 
 femina quaedam, nomine Pythia, et consilium dabat iis, qui 
 ad oraculum veniebant. Haec autem femina ab ipso Apolline 
 docebatur, et voluntatem dei hominibus enuntiabat. Hercules 
 igitur, qui Apollmem praecipu^ coletat, hue venit. Turn rem 
 totam exposuit, neque scelus celavit. 
 
 40. THE ORACLE'S REPLY, 
 
 Ubi Hercules finem fecit, Pythia diu conticebat : tandem 
 tamen jussit eum ad urbem Tiryntha ire, et Eurysthei regis 
 omnia imperata facere. Hercules, ubi haec audivit, ad urbem 
 illam contendit, et Eurystheo regi se in servitutem tradidit. 
 Duodecim annos in servittite Eurysthei tenebatur, et duodecim 
 labores, quos ille imperaverat, confecit : hoc enim uno modo 
 tantum scelus expiari potuit. De his laboribus plurima a 
 poetis scripta sunt. Multa tamen, quae poetae narrant, vix 
 credibilia sunt. 
 
 41. FIRST LABOUR -SLA YLNG THE NEMEAN LION. 
 
 Primum ab Eurystheo jussus est Hercules leonem occidere, 
 qui illo tempore vallem Nemaeam reddebat infestam. In 
 silvas igitur, quas leo incolebat, statim se contiilit. Mox feram 
 vidit, et arcum, quern secum attulerat, intendit : ejus tamen 
 
PT. II.] Hercules. 35 
 
 pellem, quae densissima erat, trajicere non potuit. Turn 
 clava magna, quam semper gerebat, leonem percussit : f rustra 
 tamen; neque enim hoc modo eum occidere potuit. Tum 
 demum collum monstri brachiis suis complexus est, et fauces 
 ejus summis viribus compressit. Hoc modo leo brevi tem- 
 pore exanimatus est ; nulla enim respirandi facultas ei 
 dabatur. Tum Hercules cadaver ad oppidum in humeris 
 retiilit ; et pellem, quam detraxerat, postea pro veste gerebat. 
 Omnes autem, qui eam regionem incolebant, ubi famam de 
 morte leonis acceperunt, vehementer gaudebant, et Herculem 
 magno honore habebant. 
 
 42. SECOND LABOUR ^SLAYING THE LERNAEAN 
 HYDRA. 
 
 Post haec jussus est ab Eurystheo Hydram necare : haec 
 autem monstrum erat, cui novem erant capita. Herciiles 
 igitur cum amico lolao profectus est ad paludem Lernaeam, 
 quam Hydra incolebat. Mox monstrum invenit, et, quanquam 
 res erat magni periculi, collum ejus laeva prehendit. Tum 
 dextra capita novem abscidere coepit : quoties tamen hoc 
 fecerat, nova capita exoriebantur. Diu frustra laborabat; 
 tandem hoc conatu destitit ; constituit deinde arbores succi- 
 dSre et ignem accendere. Hoc celeriter fecit, et, postquam 
 ligna ignem comprehenderunt, face ardente colla adussit, unde 
 capita exoriebantur. Nee tamen sine magno labore haec 
 fecit: venit enim auxilio Hydrae cancer ingens, qui, dum 
 Hercules capita abscidit, crura ejus mordebat. Postquam 
 monstrum tali modo interfecit, sagittas suas sanguine ejus 
 imbuit, itaque mortiferas reddidit. 
 
36 consecutive Stories. [ft. n. 
 
 43. THIRD LABOUR ^CAPTURE OF THE CERYNIAN 
 STAG. 
 
 Postquam Eurystheo caedes Hydrae nuntiata est, magnus 
 timor animum ejus occupavit. Jussit igitur Herculem cervum 
 quendam ad se referre ; noluit enim virum tantae audacioe 
 in urbe retinere. Hie autem cervus (cujus cornua aurea 
 fuisse traduntur) incredibili fuit celeritate. Hercules igitur 
 primum vestigia ejus in silvis animadvertit : deinde, ubi 
 cervum ipsum vidit, summis viribus currere coepit. Usque 
 ad vesperum currebat, neque nocturnum tempus sibi ad 
 quietem relinquebat. Frustra tamen : nuUo enim modo 
 praedam consequi poterat. Tandem, postquam totum annum 
 cucurrerat (ita traditur) cervum cursu' exanimatum cepit, et 
 vivum ad Eurystheum retulit. 
 
 44. FOURTH LABOUR — THE ERYMANTHIAN BOAR, 
 
 Post haec jussus est Hercules aprum quendam capere, qui 
 illo tempore agros Erymanthios vastabat, et incolas hujus 
 regionis magnopere terrebat. Hercules rem suscepit, et in 
 Arcadiam profectus est. Postquam in silvam paulum pro- 
 gressus est, apro occurrit : ille autem, simul-atque Herculem 
 vidit, statim refugit ; et, timore perterritus, in altam fossam 
 se projecit. Hercules igitur laqueum, quem attulerat, injecit ; 
 et summa cum difficultate aprum e fossa extraxit. Ille, etsi 
 multum reluctabatur, nullo modo se liberare potuit; et ab 
 Hercule ad Eurystheum vivus relatus est. 
 
PT. n.] Hercules. 37 
 
 45. HERCULES AT THE CENTAUR'S CAVE. 
 
 De quarto labore, quern supra narravimus, haec etiam 
 traduntur. Hercules, dum iter in Arcadiam facit, ad earn 
 regionem venit, quam Centauri incolebant. Mox, qu6d nox 
 jam appetebat, ad antrum devertit, in quo centaurus quidam, 
 nomine Pholus, habitabat. 
 
 Ille Herciilem benigne excepit et cenam paravit. At 
 Hercules, postquam cenavit, vinum a Pholo postulavit. Erat 
 autem in antro magna amphora, vino optimo repleta, quam 
 Centauri ibi deposuerant. Pholus igitur hoc vinum dare 
 nolebat, qu6d reliquos Centauros timebat ; nullum tamen 
 vinum praeter hoc in antro habebat. " Hoc vinum," inquit, 
 "mihi commissum est. Si igitur hoc dabo, Centauri me 
 interficient." Hercules tamen eum irrisit, et ipse cyathum 
 vini ex amphora hausit. 
 
 46. THE FIGHT WITH THE CENTAURS. 
 
 Simul-atque amphora aperta est, odor jucundissimus un- 
 dique diffusus est : vinum enim suavissimum erat. Centauri 
 notum odorem senserunt, et omnes ad locum convenerunt. 
 
 Ubi ad antrum pervenerunt, magnopere irati sunt qu6d 
 Herculem bibentem viderunt. Tum arma rapuerunt, et 
 Pholum interficere volebant. Hercules tamen in aditu antri 
 constitit, et impetum eorum fortissimo sustinebat. Faces 
 ardentes in eos conjecit : multos etiam sagittis suis vulneravit. 
 Hae autem sagittae eaedem erant, quae sanguine Hydrae olim 
 imbutae erant. Omnes igitur, quos ille sagittis vulneraverat 
 veneno statim absumpti sunt : reliqui autem, ubi hoc viderunt 
 terga verterunt et fuga salutem petierunt. 
 
38' Consecutive Stories. [pt. ii. 
 
 47. THE FATE OF PHOLUS. 
 
 Postquam reiiqui fugerunt, Pholus ex antro egressus est, 
 et corpora spectabat eorum, qui sagittis interfecti erant. 
 Magnopere autem miratus est, qu6d tarn levi vulnere exani- 
 mati essent, et causam ejus rei quaerebat. Adiit igitur locum, 
 ubi cadaver cujusdam Centauri jacebat, et sagittam e vulnere 
 traxit. Haec tamen, sive casu sive consilio deorum, e 
 manibus ejus lapsa est, et pedem leviter vulneravit. lUe 
 extemplo dolorem gravem per omnia membra sensit, et post 
 breve tempus vi veneni exanimatus est. Mox Hercules, qui 
 reliquos Centauros secutus erat, ad antrum rediit, et magno 
 cum dolore Pholum mortuum vidit. Multis cum lacrimis 
 corpus amici ad sepulturam dedit; turn, postquam alterum 
 cyathum vini hausit, somno se dedit. 
 
 48. FIFTH LABOUR — CLEANSING THE 
 AUGEAN STABLES. 
 
 Deinde Eurystheus Herculi laborem hunc graviorem im- 
 posuit. Augeas quidam, qui illo tempore regnum in Elide 
 obtinebat, tria millia bourn habebat. Hi in stabiilo ingentis 
 magnitudinis includebantur : stabiilum autem illuvie ac 
 squalore obsitum est ; neque enim ad hoc tempus unquam 
 purgatum erat. Hoc jussus est Hercules intra spatium unius 
 diei purgare, Ille, etsi res erat multae operae, negotium 
 suscepit. Primum, magno labore, fossam duodeviginti pedum 
 fecit, per quam fluminis aquam de montibus ad murum 
 stabiili perduxit. Tum, postquam murum perrupit, aquam , 
 in stabiilum immisit ; et tali modo, contra opinionem omnium, 
 opus confecit. 
 
FT. II.] Hercules. 39 
 
 49. SIXTH LABOUR — THE BIRDS OF STYMPHALUS. 
 [See Note 16 on translating the Subjunctive, p. 91.] 
 
 Post paucos dies Hercules ad oppidum Stymphalum iter 
 fecit ; imperaverat enim ei Eurystheus, ut aves Stymphalides 
 necaret. Hae aves rostra aenea habebant, et carne hominum 
 vescebantur. Ille, postquam ad locum pervenit, lacum vidit : 
 in hoc autem lacu, qui non procul erat ex oppido, aves habi- 
 tabant. Nulla tamen dabatur appropinquandi facultas : lacus 
 enim non ex aqua sed e limo constitit; Hercules igitur 
 neque pedibus neque lintre progredi potuit. 
 
 Ille, quum magnam partem diei frustra consumpsisset, hoc 
 conatu destitit ; et ad Vulcanum se contiilit, ut auxilium ex 
 eo peteret. Vulcanus (qui ab fabris maxime colebatur), 
 crepundia, quae ipse ex aere fabricatus erat, Herciili dedit. 
 His Hercules tarn dirum crepitum fecit, ut aves perterritae 
 avolarent ; ille autem, dum avolant, magnum numerum 
 eorum sagittis transfixit. 
 
 60. SEVENTH LABOUR — THE CRETAN BULL, 
 
 Tum imperavit Herciili Eurystheus, ut taurum quendam 
 ferocissimum ex insula Greta vivum referret. Ille igitur 
 navem conscendit, et, quum ventus idoneus esset, statim 
 solvit. Quum tamen insulae jam appropinquaret, tanta tem- 
 pestas subito coorta est, ut navis cursum tenere non posset. 
 Tantus autem timor animos nautarum occupavit, ut paene 
 omnem spem salutis deponerent. Hercules, tamen, etsi navi- 
 gandi imperitus erat, haudquaquam territus est. 
 
 Post breve tempus summa tranquillitas consectita est, et 
 nautae, qui se ex timore jam receperant, navem incoliimem ad 
 
40 Consecutive Stories. [pt. ii. 
 
 terrain perduxerunt. Hercules e navi egressus est, et, quum 
 ad regem Cretae venisset, causam veniendi docuit. Deinde, 
 postquam omnia parata sunt, ad earn regionem contendit 
 quam taurus vastabat. Mox taurum vidit, et, quanquam 
 res erat magni periculi, cornua ejus prehendit. Turn, quum 
 ingenti labore monstrum ad navem traxisset, cum praeda in 
 Graeciam rediit. 
 
 51. EIGHTH LABOUR — CAPTURE OF THE HORSES 
 OF DIOMED^. 
 
 Postquam ex insula Greta rediit, Hercules ab Eurysthee 
 in Thraciam missus est, ut equos Diomedis reduceret. Hi 
 equi carne hominum vescebantur; Diomedes autem, vir 
 crudelissimus, iis projiciebat peregrinos omnes, qui in eam 
 regionem venerant. Hercules igitur magna celeritate in 
 Thraciam contendit, et ab Diomede postulavit, ut equi sibi 
 traderentur. Quum tamen ille hoc facere nollet, Hercules, 
 ira commotus, regem interfecit, et cadaver ejus equis projici 
 jussit. 
 
 Ita mira rerum commutatio facta est : is enim, qui antea 
 multos cum cruciatu necaverat, ipse eodem supplicio necatus 
 est. Quum haec nuntiata essent, omnes, qui eam regionem 
 incolebant, maxima laetitia afFecti sunt, et Herculi meritam 
 gratiam referebanfc. Non modo maximis honoribus et prae- 
 miis eum decoraverunt ; sed orabant etiam ut regnum ipse 
 susciperet. Ille tamen hoc facere nolebat, et, quum ad maro 
 rediisset, navem occupavit. Ubi omnia ad navigandum 
 parata sunt, equos in navem collocavit; deinde, quum ido- 
 neam tempestatem nactus esset, sine mora e portu solvit ; et 
 paulo post equos in litus Argolicum exposuit. 
 
PT. II.] Hercules. 41 
 
 52. NINTH LABOUR ^THE GIRDLE OF HIPPO LYTE, 
 
 Gens Amazonum dicitur omnino ex mulieribus constitisse. 
 Hae summam scientiam rei militaris habebant, et tantam 
 virtutem praebebant, ut cum viris proelium committere au- 
 derent. Hippolyte, Amazonum regina, balteum habuit celeber- 
 rimum, quern Mars ei dederat. Admeta autem, Eurysthei 
 filia, famam de hoc balteo acceperat, et eum possidere vehe- 
 menter cupiebat. Eurystheus igitur Herculi mandavit, ut 
 copias cogeret, et bellum Amazonibus inferret. Ille nuntios 
 in omnes partes dimisit, et, quum magna multitudo con- 
 venisset, eos delegit, qui maximum usum in re militan 
 habebant. 
 
 53. THE GIRDLE REFUSED. 
 
 His viris Hercules persuasit, postquam causam itineris 
 exposuit, ut secum iter facer ent. Tum cum iis, quibus per- 
 suaserat, navem conscendit, et, quum ventus idoneus esset, 
 post paucos dies ad ostium fluminis Thermodontis appiilit. 
 Postquam in fines Amazonum venit, nuntium ad Hippolytam 
 misit, qui causam veniendi doceret, et balteum posceret. 
 Ipsa Hippolyte balteum tradere volebat, quod de Herculis 
 virtute famam acceperat; reliquae tamen Amazones ei per- 
 suaserunt, ut negaret. At Hercules, quum haec nuntiata 
 essent, belli fortunam tentare constituit. 
 
 Proximo igitur die, quum copias eduxisset, locum ido- 
 neum delegit, et hostes ad pugnam evocavit. Amazones 
 quoque copias suas ex castris eduxerunt, et non magno inter- 
 vallo aciem instruxerunt. 
 
42 Consecutive Stories. [pt. ii. 
 
 64. THE BATTLE, 
 
 Palus erat non magna inter duo exercitus : neutri tamen 
 initium transeundi facere volebant. Tandem Hercules sig- 
 num dedit et ubi paludem transiit, proelium commisit. 
 
 AmazSnes impetum virorum fortissime sustinuerunt et 
 contra opinionem omnium tantam virttitem praestiterunt, ut 
 multos eorum occiderint, multos etiam in fugam conjee erint. 
 Viri enim novo genere pugnae perturbabantur, nee solitam 
 virttitem praestabant. Hercules autem, quum haec videret, 
 de suis fortunis desperare coepit. Milites igitur vehementer 
 cohortatus est, ut pristmae virttitis memoriam retinerent, neu 
 tantum dedecus admitterent, hostiumque impetum fortiter 
 sustinerent ; quibus verbis animos omnium ita erexit, ut multi 
 etiam qui vulneribus confecti essent^ proelium sine mora 
 redintegrarent. 
 
 55. DEFEAT OF THE AMAZONS. 
 
 Diu et acriter pugnatum est : tandem tamen ad solis 
 occasum tanta commutatio rerum facta est, ut mulieres terga 
 verterent et fuga salutem peterent. Multae autem vulneribus 
 def essae, dum fugiunt, captae sunt ; in quo numero ipsa erat 
 Hippolyte. Hercules summam clementiam praestitit, et, 
 postquam balteum accepit, libertatem omnibus captivis dedit. 
 Post haec socios ad mare reduxit, et, qu6d non multum 
 aestatis super-erat, in Graeciam proficisci maturavit. Navem 
 igitur conscendit, et, tempestatem idoneam nactus, statim 
 solvit: antequam tamen in Graeciam pervenit, ad urbem 
 Trojam navem appellere constituit: frumentum enim, quod 
 secum habebat, jam deficere coeperat. 
 
PT. IT.] Hercules. 43 
 
 56. LAOMEDON AND THE SEA MONSTER, 
 
 Laomedon quidam illo tempore regnum Trojae obtinebat ; 
 ad hunc Neptunus et Apollo anno superiore venerant, et, 
 quum Troja nondum moenia haberet, ad hoc opus auxilium 
 obtulerant. Postquam tamen horum auxilio moenia confecta 
 sunt, nolebat Laomedon praemium, quod proposuerat, per- 
 solvere. 
 
 Neptunus igitur et Apollo, ob banc causam irati, monstrum 
 quoddam miserunt specie horribili, quod quotidie e mari 
 veniebat, et homines peciides-que vorabat. Trojani igitur, 
 timore perterriti, in urbe continebantur, et pecora omnia ex 
 agris intra muros compulerant. Laomedon, his rebus com- 
 motus, oraciilum consuluit : deus autem ei praecepit, ut filiam 
 Hesionem monstro objiceret. 
 
 57. THE RESCUE OF HESIONE. 
 
 Laomedon, quum hoc responsum renuntiatum asset, mag- 
 num dolorem percepit ; sed tamen, ut cives suos tanto peri- 
 culo liberaret, oraculo parere constituit, et diem sacrificio 
 dixit. Sed, sive casu sive consilio deorum, Hercules tempore 
 opportunissimo Trojam attigit : ipso enim temporis puncto, 
 quo puella catenis vincta ad litus deducebatur, ille navem 
 appiilit. Hercules, e navi egressus, de rebus, quae gerebantur 
 certior factus est : tum, ira commotus, ad regem se contulit, 
 et auxilium suum obtulit. Quum rex libenter ei concessisset, 
 ut, si posset, puellam liberaret, Hercules monstrum interfecit, 
 et puellam^ quae jam omnem spem salutis deposuerat, inco- 
 liimem ad patrem reduxit. Laomedon magno cum gaudio 
 filiam suam accepit, et Herculi pro tanto beneficio meritas 
 gratias retulit. 
 
44 Consecutive Stories. [pt. ii. 
 
 58. TENTH LABOUR ^-^THE OXEN OF GERYON 
 
 Post haec missus est Hercules ad insulam Erythiam, ut 
 boves Geryonis arcesseret. Kes erat summae difficultatis, 
 qu6d boves a gigante Eurytione et a cane bicipite custodie- 
 bantur. Ipse autem Geryon speciem horribilem praebebat : 
 habebat enim tria corpora inter se conjuncta. Hercules tamen, 
 etsi intellegebat, quantum periculum esset, negotium sus- 
 cepit : et postquam per multas terras iter fecit, ad earn 
 partem Libyae pervenit, quae Europae proxima est. Ibi in 
 utraque parte freti, quod Europam a Libya dividit, columnas 
 constituit, quae postea Herculis Columnae appellatae sunt. 
 
 59. THE GOLDEN SHIP. 
 
 Dum hie moratur, Hercules magnum incommodum ex 
 calore solis accipiebat : tandem igitur, ira commotus, arcum 
 suum intendit, et solem sagittis petiit. Sol tamen audaciam 
 viri tantum admiratus est, ut lintrem auream ei dederit. 
 Hercules hoc donum libentissime accepit ; nuUam enim navem 
 in his regionibus invenire potuerat. Tum lintrem deduxit, 
 et, ventum nactus idoneum, post breve tempus ad insulam 
 pervenit. Ubi ex incolis cognovit, quo in loco boves essent, 
 in eam partem statim profectus est, et a rege Geryone postu- 
 lavit, ut boves sibi trader entur. Quum tamen ille hoc facere 
 nollet, Hercules et regem ipsum et gigantem Eurytionem 
 interfecit. 
 
 60. A MIRACULOUS HAIL-STORM. 
 
 Tum Hercules boves per Hispaniam et Liguriam com- 
 pellere constituit : postquam igitur omnia parata sunt, boves 
 ex insula ad continentem transportavit. Ligiires tamen, 
 
PT. II.] Hercules. 45 
 
 gens bellicosissima, dum ille per fines eorum iter facit, 
 magnis copiis convenerunt, atque eum longius progredi 
 prohibebant. Hercules magnam difficultatem habebat : bar- 
 b^ri enim in locis superioribus constiterant, et saxa tela-que 
 in eum conjiciebant. Ille quidem paene omnem spem salutis 
 deposuerat; sed tempore opportunissimo Jupiter imbrem 
 lapidum ingentium e coelo demisit. Hi tanta vi ceciderunt, 
 ut magnum numerum Ligurum occiderint; ipse tamen 
 Hercules (ut in talibus rebus accidere consuevit) nihil incom- 
 modi cepit. 
 
 61. PASSAGE OF THE ALPS, 
 
 Postquam Ligures hoc modo superati sunt, Hercules quam 
 celerrime progressus est, et post paucos dies ad Alpes pervenit. 
 Necesse erat hos transire, ut in Italiam boves duceret; res 
 tamen summae erat difficultatis : hi enim montes, qui Gal- 
 liam ulteriorem ab Italia dividunt, nive pereniii teguntur : 
 quam ob causam neque frumentum neque pabulum in his 
 regionibus inveniri potest, Hercules igitur, antequam ascen- 
 dere coepit, magnam copiam frumenti et pabuli comparavit, 
 et boves oneravit. Postquam in his rebus tres dies consump- 
 serat, quarto die profectus est, et, contra omnium opinionem, 
 boves incolumes in Italiam traduxit. 
 
 62. CACUS STEALS THE OXEN, 
 
 Post breve tempus ad flumen Tiberim venit ; illo tamen 
 tempore nulla erat urbs in eo loco : Roma enim nondum 
 condita est. Hercules, itinere fessus, constituit ibi paucos dies 
 morari, ut se ex laboribus recrearet. Haud procul ex valle, 
 ubi boves pascebantur, antrum erat, in quo gigas quidam, 
 nomine Cacus, tum habitabat. Hie speciem terribilem 
 
46 Consecutive Stories. [pt. ii. 
 
 praebebat, non modo quod ingenti magnitudine corporis erat, 
 sed quod ignem ex ore exspirabat Cacus autem de adventu 
 Herculis famam acceperat : noctu igitur venit, et, dum Her- 
 cules dormit, quattuor pulcherrimorum bourn abripuit. Hos 
 caudis in antrum traxit, ne Hercules vestigiis animadvertere 
 posset, quo in loco celati essent. 
 
 63. HERCULES DISCOVERS THE THEFT, 
 
 Post^ro die, simul-atque e somno excitatus est, Hercules 
 furtum animadyertit, et boves amissos undique quaerebat. 
 Hos tamen nusquam reperire poterat : non modo quod loci 
 naturam ignorabat, sed quod vestigiis falsis deceptus est. 
 Tandem, quum magnam partem diei frustra consumpsisset, 
 cum reliquis bobus progredi constituit. At, dum proficisci 
 parat, unus e bobus, quos secum habuit, mugire coepit. 
 Extemplo ii, qui in antro inclusi erant, mugitum reddi- 
 derunt, et hoc modo Herculem certiorem fecerunt, quo in 
 loco celati essent. Ille, vehementer iratus, ad speluncam 
 qu^m celerrime se contulit, ut praedam reciperet. At Cacus 
 saxum ingens ita dejecerat, ut aditus speluncae omnino ob- 
 strueretur. 
 
 64. RECOVERY OF THE OXEN, 
 
 Hercules, quum nullum alium introitum reperire posset, 
 hoc saxum amovere conatus est : sed propter ejus magnitu- 
 dmem res erat difficillima. Diu frustra laborabat, neque 
 quidquam efficere poterat : tandem tamen magno conatu 
 saxum amovit, et speluncam patefecit. Ibi amissos boves 
 magno cum gaudio conspexit : sed Cacum ipsum vix cernere 
 
FT. II.] Hercules. 47 
 
 potuit, quod spelunca repleta erat fumo, quern ille more suo 
 evomebat. Hercules, inusitata specie turbatus, breve tempus 
 haesitabat; mox tamen in speluncam irrtipit, et collum 
 monstri braehiis complexus est. Ille, etsi multum reluctatus 
 est, nuUo modo se liberare potuit; et, quum nulla facultas 
 respirandi daretur, mox, quod necesse fuit, exanimatus est. 
 
 65. ELEVENTH LABOUR— THE GOLDEN APPLES 
 OF THE HESPERIDES, 
 
 Eurystheus, postquam boves Geryonis accepit, laborem 
 undecimum Herculi imposuit, graviorem quam quos supra 
 narravimus. Mandavit enim ei, ut aurea poma ex horto 
 Hesperidum auferret. Hesperides autem nymphae erant 
 quaedam forma praestantissima, quae in terra longinqua 
 habitabant, et quibus aurea quaedam poma a Junone com- 
 missa erant. Multi homines, auri cupiditate inducti, haec 
 poma auf erre jam antea conati erant : res tamen difficillima 
 erat : namque hortus, in quo poma erant, muro ingenti undique 
 circumdatus est: prasterea draco quidam, cui centum erant 
 capita, portam horti diligenter custodiebat. Opus igitur, 
 quod Eurystheus Herculi imperaverat, erat summae diffi- 
 cultatis, non modo ob causas quas memoravimus, sed quod 
 Hercules omnino ignorabat, quo in loco hortus ille situs 
 esset. 
 
 66. ATLAS, V/HO UPHELD THE HEAVENS. 
 
 Hercules, quanquam quietem vehementer cupiebat, con- 
 stituit tamen Eurystheo parere ; et simul-ac jussa ejus acce- 
 pit, proficisci maturavit. A multis mercatoribus quaesiverat, 
 quo in loco Hesperides habitarent; nihil tamen certum 
 reperire potuerat. Frustra per multas terras iter fecit, et 
 multa pericula subiit : tandem, quum in his itineribus totum 
 
48 Consecutive Stories. [pt. ii. 
 
 annum consumpsisset, ad extremam partem orbis, quae 
 proxima erat Oceano, pervenit. Hie stabat vir quidam, 
 nomine Atlas, ingenti magnitudine corporis, qui coelum (ita 
 tradunt) humeris suis sustinebat, ne in terram decideret. 
 Hercules tantum laborem magnopere miratus, post paulo 
 in colloquium cum Atlante venit, at quum causam itineris 
 docuisset, auxilium ejus petiit. 
 
 67. A SUBSTITUTE. 
 
 Atlas autem potuit Herculi ma;xime prodesso : ille enim, 
 quum ipse esset pater Hesperidum, bene scivib quo in loco 
 esset i'lortus. Postquam igitur audivit, quam ob causam 
 Hercules venisset, " Ipse," inquit, " ad hortum ibo, et filiabus 
 meis persuadebo, ut poma sua sponte tradant." Hercules, 
 quum baec audiret, magnopere gavisus est : noluit enim vim 
 adhibere, si res alitor fieri posset : constituit igitur oblatum 
 auxilium accipere. Atlas tamen postulavit, ut, dum ipse 
 abesset, Hercules coelum humeris sustineret. Hoc igitur 
 negotium Hercules libenter suscepit : et, quanquam res erat 
 summi laboris, totum pondus coeli continuos complures dies 
 solus sustinebat.. 
 
 68. RETURN OF ATLAS, 
 
 Atlas interea abierat, et ad hortum Hesperidum, qui 
 pauca millia passuunr aberat, se qu^m celerrime contulerat. 
 E6 quum venisset, causam veniendi exposuit, et filias suas 
 vehementer hortatus est, ut poma traderent. Illae diu haere- 
 bant: nolebant enim hoc facere, quod ab ipsa Junone (de 
 qua ante dictum est) hoc munus acceperant. Atlas tamen, 
 
PT. II.] Hercules. 49 
 
 post multa verba, iis persuasit, ut sibi parerent, et poma ad 
 Herculem retiilit. Hercules interea, quum plures dies exspec- 
 tavisset, neque ullam famam de reditu Atlantis accepisset, hac 
 mora graviter commotus est. Tandem quinto die Atlantem 
 vidit redeuntem, et mox magno cum gaudio poma accepit; 
 turn postquam gratias pro tanto beneficio retiilit, ad Graeciam 
 proficisci maturavit. 
 
 69. TWELFTH LABOUR ^CERBERUS, THE 
 THREE-HEADED DOG. 
 
 Postquam aurea poma ad Eurystheum relata sunt, unus 
 modo relinquebatur e duodecim laboribus, quos Pythia Her- 
 culi praeceperat. Eurystheus autem, quum Herculem mag- 
 nopere timeret, volebat eum in aliquem locum mittere, undo 
 nunquam redire posset. Negotium igitur ei dedit, ut canem 
 Cerberum ex Oreo in lucem traheret: hoc opus omnium 
 difficillimum erat, nemo enim unquam ex Oreo redierat. 
 Praeterea Cerberus iste monstrum erat horribili specie, cui 
 tria erant capita serpentibus saevis circumvoluta. Antequam 
 tamen hunc laborem narramus, non alienum videtur, quoniam 
 de Oreo mentionem fecimus, pauca de ista regione proponere. 
 
 70. ORCUS OR HADES, THE ABODE OF THE DEAD, 
 
 De Oreo, qui idem Hades dicebatur, haec traduntur. Ut 
 quisque e vita discesserat, manes ejus ad Orcum, sedem 
 mortuorum, a deo Mercurio deducebantur. Hujus regionis, 
 quae sub terra fuisse dicitur, rex erat Pluto, cui uxor erat 
 Proserpina, Jovis et Cereris filia. Manes igitur, a Mercurio 
 deducti, primum ad ripam veniebant Stygis fluminis, quo 
 continetur regnum Plutonis. Hoc transire necesse erat, 
 
 D 
 
50 Consecutive Stories. [pt. ii. 
 
 antequam in Orcum venire possent. Quum tamen hoc flumen 
 nullo ponte junctum esset, manes transvehebantur a Cliaronte 
 quodam, qui cum parva scapha ad ripam exspectabat. Charon 
 pro hoc officio mercedem postulabat, neque volebat quem- 
 quam, nisi hoc praemium prius dedisset, transvehere. Ob 
 banc causam mos erat apud antiquos nummum in ore mortui 
 ponere, eo consilio, ut, quum ille ad Stygem venisset, pretium 
 trajectus solvere posset. Ii autem, qui post mortem in terra 
 non sepulti erant, Stygem transire non potuerunt, sed in 
 lit5re per centum annos errare coacti sunt : tum demum 
 licuit Orcum intrare. 
 
 71. THE REALM OF PLUTO. 
 
 Postquam manes Stygem hoc modo transierant, ad alter- 
 um veniebant flumen, quod Lethe appellatum est. Ex hoc 
 flumine aquam bibere cogebantur : quod quum fecissent, 
 res omnes in vita gestas e memoria deponebant. Denique 
 ad sedem ipsam Plutonis veniebant, cujus introitus a cane 
 Cerbero custodiebatur. Ibi Pluto, nigro vestitu indutus, cum 
 uxore Proserpina in solio sedebat. Stabant etiam non procul 
 ex eo loco tria alia solia, in quibus sedebant Minos, Ehada- 
 manthus et Aeacus, judices inferorum. Hi mortuis jus dice- 
 bant, et praemia poenasque constituebant : boni enim in 
 Campos Elysios, sedem beatorum, veniebant : improbi autem 
 in Tartarum mittebantur, et multis variisque suppliciis ibi 
 excruciabantur. 
 
 72. CHARON'S FERRY, 
 
 Hercules postquam imperia Eurysthei accepit, in Laco- 
 niam ad Taenarum statim se contiilit : ibi enim spelunca erat 
 
PT. II.] Hercules. 51 
 
 ingenti magnitudine, per quam (ut tradebatur), homines ad 
 Orcum descendebant. Eo quum venisset, ex incolis quaesivit, 
 quo in loco spelunca ilia sita esset : quod quum cognovisset, 
 sine mora descendere constituit. Nee tamen solus hoc iter 
 faciebat : Mercurius enim et Minerva se socios ei adjunxerant. 
 Ubi ad ripam Stygis venit, Hercules scapham Charontis 
 conscendit, ut ad ulteriorem ripam transiret. Quum tamen 
 Hercules vir esset ingenti magnitudine corporis, Charon 
 solvere nolebat : magnopere enim verebatur, ne scapha sua, 
 tanto pondere onerata, in medio flumine mergeretur. Tan- 
 dem tamen minis Herculis territus, Charon scapham solvit, et 
 eum incolumem ad ulteriorem ripam perduxit. 
 
 73. THE TWELVE LABOURS ACCOMPLISHED. 
 
 Postquam flumen Stygem tali modo transiit, Hercules in 
 sedem ipsius Plutonis venit ; et, postquam causam veniendi 
 docuit, ab eo petivit, ut Cerberum auferre sibi liceret. Pluto, 
 qui de Hercule famam acceperat, eum benigne excepit, 
 et facultatem, quam ille petebat, libenter dedit. Postulavit 
 tamen ut Hercules, postquam jussa Eurysthei explevisset, 
 Cerberum in Orcum rursus reduceret. Hercules haec poUi- 
 citus est, et Cerberum, quem non sine magno periculo manibus 
 prehenderat, summo cum labore ex Oreo in lucem et ad 
 urbem Eurysthei traxit. Eo quum venisset, tantus pavor 
 animum Eurysthei occupavit, ut ex atrio statim refugerit : 
 quum autem paulum se ex timore recepisset, multis cum 
 lacrimis obsecravit Herculem, ut monstrum sine mora in 
 Orcum reduceret. Sic, contra omnium opinionem, duodecim 
 illi labores, quos Pythia praeceperat, intra duodecim annos 
 confecti sunt; quae quum ita essent, Hercules, servitute 
 tandem liberatus magno cum gaudio Thebas rediit. 
 
52 Consecutive Stories. [pt. ii. 
 
 74. NESSUSy THE CENTAUR. 
 
 Post haec Hercules multa alia praeclara perfecit, quae 
 nunc perscribere longum est : tandem, jam aetate provectus, 
 Deianiram Oenei filiam in matrimonium duxit : post tamen 
 tres annos accidit, ut puerum quendam, nomine Eunomum, 
 casu Occident. Quum autem mos esset ut, si quis hominem 
 casu occidisset, in exsilium iret, Hercules cum uxore sua e 
 finibus ejus civitatis exire maturavit. Dum tamen iter f aciunt, 
 ad flumen quoddam pervenerunt, quod nullo ponte junctum 
 erat, et dum quaerunt quonam modo flumen trajiciant, 
 accurrit Centaurus quidam, nomihe Nessus, qui auxilium 
 viatoribus obtiilit. Hercules igitur uxorem suam in tergum 
 Nessi imposuit : tum ipse flumen nando trajecit. At Nessus, 
 paulum in aquam progressus, ad ripam subito reversus est, 
 et Deianiram auferre conabatur. Quod quum animadvertisset 
 Hercules, ira graviter commotus, arcum intendit, et pectus 
 Nessi sagitta transfixit. 
 
 75. THE POISONED ROBE. 
 
 Nessus igitur, sagitta Herculis transfixus, moriens humi 
 jacebat ; at, ne occasionem sui ulciscendi dimitteret, ita locu- 
 tus est. " Tu, Deianira, verba morientis audi : si vis amorem 
 mariti tui conservare, aliquid sanguinis hujus, qui e pectore 
 meo efiunditur, sume ac repone ; tum, si unquam suspicio in 
 mentem tuam venerit, vesfcem mariti hoc sanguine inficies." 
 Haec locutus Nessus animam efflavit ; Deianira autem nihil 
 mali suspicata, imperata fecit. Post breve tempus Hercules 
 bellum contra Eurytum regem Oechaliae suscepit, et, quum 
 regem ipsum cum filiis interfecisset, lolen filiam Euryti 
 captivam reduxit. Antequam tamen domum venit, navem 
 ad Cenaeum promontorinm apptilit, et, in terram egressus, 
 
PT. II.] Hercules. 53 
 
 aram constituit, ut Jovi sacrificaret. Dum tamen sacrificium 
 parat, Licham comitem suum domum misit, qui vestem 
 albam referret : mos enim erat apud antiques, dum sacrificia 
 faciebant, vestem albam gerere. At Deianira verita, ne 
 Hercules amorem erga lolen haberet, vestem, priusquam 
 Lichae dedit, sanguine Nessi infecit. 
 
 76. THE DEATH OF HERCULES, 
 
 Hercules, nihil mali suspicatus, vestem, quam Lichas 
 attiilit, statim induit : post tamen breve tempus dolorem per 
 omnia membra sensit, et, quae causa esset ejus rei, magno- 
 pere mirabatur. Dolore paene exanimatus, vestem detrahere 
 conatus est : ilia tamen in corpore haesit, neque uUo modo 
 divelli potiiit. Tum demum Hercules quasi furore impulsus, 
 in montem Oetam se contulit, et in rogum, quem summa 
 celeritate exstruxit, se imposuit. Hoc quum fecisset, eos 
 qui circumstabant oravit, ut rogum quam celerrime accend- 
 erent : omnes diu recusabant : tandem tamen, pastor quidam, 
 ad misericordiam inductus, ignem subdidit. Tum, dum omnia 
 fumo obscurantur, Hercules, densa nube velatus, a Jove in 
 Olympum abreptus est. 
 
PART III. 
 CONSECUTIVE STORIES-(continued). 
 
 THE ARGONAUTS. 
 
 The celebrated voyage of the Argonauts was brought about as 
 follows. Felias had expelled his brother Aeson from his kingdom 
 in Thessaly, and had attempted to take the life of Jason, the son 
 of Aeson. Jason, however, escaped, and grew up to manhood in 
 another country. At last he returned to Thessaly, and Pelias, 
 fearing that he might attempt to recover the kingdom, sent him to 
 fetch the Golden Fleece from Colchi, supposing this to be an 
 impossible feat. Jason, with a band of heroes, started in the ship 
 Argo {called after Argus, its builder), and after many adventures 
 reached Colchi. Here Aeetes, king of Colchi, who was unwilling 
 to give up the Fleece, set Jason to perform what seemed an im- 
 possible task, viz., to plough a field with certain fire-breathing 
 oxen, and then to sow it with dragon's teeth. Medea, the daughter 
 of the Icing, however, assisted Jason by her skill in magic, first 
 to perform the task appointed, and then to procure the Fleece. 
 Medea then fled with Jason, and, in order to delay the pursuit 
 of her father, sacrificed her brother Absyrtus. After reaching 
 Thessaly, Medea caused the death of Pelias, and was, with her 
 husband, expelled from Thessaly. They removed to Corinth, and 
 here Medea, becoming jealous of Glauce, daughter of Creon, 
 caused her death by means of a poisoned robe. After this Medea 
 was carried off in a chariot sent by the sun-god, and Jason was 
 soon afterwards accidentally killed. 
 
 54 
 
FT. HI.] The Argonauts. 55 
 
 77. T//E WICKED UNCLE. 
 
 [See Note 17, and Exercise on Accusative and Infinitive.] 
 
 Erant olim in Thessalia duo fratres, quorum alter Aeson, 
 alter Pelias appellatus est. Horum Aeson primum regnum 
 obtinuerat ; at post paucos annos Pelias, regni cupiditate 
 adductus, non modo fratrem suum expiilit, sed etiam in 
 animo habebat, Jasonem, Aeson is filium, inter fi cere. Quidam 
 tamen ex amicis Aesonis, ubi sententiam Peliae intellex- 
 erunt, puerum e tanto periculo eripere constituerunt. Noctu 
 igitur Jasonem ex urbe abstulerunt, et, quum postero die 
 ad regem rediissent, ei renuntiaverunt, puerum mortuum 
 esse. Pelias, quum haec audivisset, etsi re-vera magnum 
 gaudium percipiebat, speciem tamen doloris praebuit, et, quae 
 causa esset mortis, quaesivit. Illi tamen, quum bene intelli- 
 gerent dolorem ejus falsum esse, nescio-quam fabiilam de 
 morte pueri finxerunt. 
 
 78. ^ CARELESS SHOE-STRING. 
 
 Post breve tempus Pelias, veritus ne regnum suum tanta 
 vi et fraude occupatum amitteret, amicum quendam Delphos 
 misit, qui oraculum consuleret. Ille igitur quam celerrime 
 Delphos se contiilit, et, quam ob causam venisset, demon- 
 stravit. Eespondit oraculum, nullum esse in praesentia peri- 
 culum : monuit tamen Peliam, ut, si quis veniret calceum 
 unum gerens, eum caveret. Post paucos annos accidit ut 
 Pelias magnum sacrificium facturus esset : nuntios in omnes 
 partes dimiserat, et certum diem conveniendi dixerat. Die 
 constittito magnus numerus hominum undique ex agris 
 convenit : inter alios autem venit etiam Jason, qui a puero 
 apud Centaurum quendam vixerat. Dum tamen iter facit, 
 calceum alterum in transeundo nescio ciuo flumine amisit. 
 
56 Consecutive Stories. [pt. hi. 
 
 79. THE GOLDEN FLEECE, 
 
 Jason igitur, quum calceum amissum nuUo modo recipere 
 posset, altero pede nudo in regiam pervenit : quern quum 
 vidisset, Pelias subito timore afFectus est ; intellexit enim 
 hunc esse hominem, quern oraculum demonstravisset. Hoc 
 igitur iniit consilium. Eex erat quidam nomine Aeetes, qui 
 regnum Colchidis illo tempore obtinebat. Huic commissum 
 erat vellus illud aureum, quod Phrixus olim ibi reliquerat. 
 Constituit igitur Pelias Jasoni negotium dare ut hoc vellere 
 potiretur : quum enim res esset magni periculi, sperabat 
 eum in itinere perittirum esse : Jasonem igitur ad se arcessivit, 
 et, quid fieri vellet, demonstravit. Jason autem, etsi bene 
 intelligebat rem esse difficillimam, negotium libenter suscepit. 
 
 80. THE BUILDING OF THE GOOD SHIP ARGO. 
 
 Quum tamen Colchis multorum dierum iter ab eo loco 
 abesset, noluit Jason solus proficisci : dimisit igitur nuntios 
 in omnes partes, qui causam itineris docerent, et diem certum 
 conveniendi dicerent. Interea, postquam omnia, quae sunt 
 Usui ad armandas naves, comportari jussit, negotium dedit 
 Argo cuidam, qui summam scientiam rerum nauticarum 
 habebat, ut navem aedificaret. In his rebus circiter decem 
 dies consumpti sunt : Argus enim, qui operi praeerat, tantam 
 diligentiam praebebat, ut ne nocturnum quidem tempus ad 
 laborem intermitteret. Ad multitudinem hominum transpor- 
 tandam navis paulo erat latior quam quibus in nostro mari 
 uti consuevimus, et ad vim tempestatum perferendam tota 
 e robore facta est. 
 
FT. III.] The Argonauts. 57 
 
 81. THE ANCHOR IS WEIGHED, 
 
 Interea ea dies appetebat, quam Jason per nuntios 
 edixerat, et ex omnibus regionibus Graeciae multi, quos aut 
 rei novitas aut spes gloriae movebat, undique conveniebant. 
 Tradunt autem in hoc numero fuisse Herciilem (de quo ante 
 multa perscripsimus) Orpheum citharoedum praeclarissimum, 
 Theseum, Castorem et multos alios, quorum nomina notis- 
 sima sunt. Ex his Jason, quos arbitratus est ad omnia 
 subeunda pericula paratissimos esse, eos ad numerum quin- 
 quaginta delegit, et socios sibi adjunxit : tum, paucos dies 
 commoratus, ut ad omnes casus subsidia compararet, navem 
 deduxit, et, tempestatem ad navigandum idoneam nactus, 
 magno cum plausu omnium solvit. 
 
 82. A FATAL MISTAKE, 
 
 Hand multum post Argonautae (ita enim appellati sunt, 
 qui in ista navi vehebantur) insulam quandam nomine 
 Cyzicum attigerunt, et, e navi egressi, a rege illius regionis 
 hospitio excepti sunt. Paucas horas ibi commorati, ad solis 
 occasum rursus solverunt : at, postquam pauca millia passuum 
 progressi sunt, tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut cursum 
 tenere non possent, et in eandem partem insulae, unde nuper 
 profecti erant, magno cum periciilo dejicerentur. Incolae 
 tamen, quum nox esset obscura, Argonautas non agnoscebant, 
 et, navem inimicam venisse arbitrati, arma rapuerunt, et eos 
 egredi prohibebant. Acriter in litore pugnatum est, et rex 
 ipse, qui cum aliis decucurrerat, ab Argonautis occisus est. 
 Mox tamen, quum jam dilucesceret, senserunt incolae se 
 errare, et arma abjecerunt : Argonautae autem, quum viderent 
 regem occisum esse, magnum dolorem perceperunt. 
 
^S Consecutive Stories. [rx. iii. 
 
 83. THE LOSS OF HYLAS, 
 
 Postridie ejus diei Jason, tempestatem satis idoneam esse 
 arbitratus (summa enim tranquillitas jam consecuta erat), 
 ancoras sustiilit, et pauca millia passuum progressus, ante 
 noctem' Mysiam attigit. Ibi paucas horas in ancoris ex- 
 spectavit ; a nautis enim cognoverat aquae copiam, quam 
 secum haberent, jam deficere : quam ob causam quidam ex 
 Argonautis, in terram egressi, aquam quaerebant. Horum 
 in numero erat Hylas quidam, puer forma praestantissima ; 
 qui, dum fontem quaerit, a comitibus paulum secesserat. 
 Nymphae autem, quae fontem colebant, quum juvenem vidis- 
 sent, ei persuadere conatae sunt, ut secum maneret ; et quum 
 ille negaret se hoc facturum esse, puerum vi abstulerunt. 
 
 Comites ejus, postquam Hylam amissum esse senserunt, 
 magno dolore affecti, diu frustra quaerebant : Hercules autem 
 et Polyphemus, qui vestigia pueri longius secuti erant, ubi 
 tandem ad litus redierunt, Jasonem solvisse cognoverunt 
 
 84. DINING MADE DIFFICULT, 
 
 Post haec Argonautae ad Thraciam cursum tenuerunt, et, 
 postquam ad oppidum Salmydessum navem appulerant, in 
 terram egressi sunt. Ibi quum ab incolis quaesissent, quis 
 regnum ejus regionis obtineret, certiores facti sunt Phineum 
 quendam tum regem esse. Cognoverunt etiam hunc caecum 
 esse et diro quodam supplicio affici, quod olim se crude- 
 lissimum in filios suos praebuisset. Cujus supplicii hoc erat 
 genus. Missa erant a Jove monstra quaedam, specie horribili, 
 quae capita virginum, corpora volucrum habebant. Hae 
 volucres, quae Harpyiae appellabantur, Phineo summam 
 molestiam afFerebant ; quoties enim ille accubuerat, venie- 
 bant et cibum appositum statim auferebant. Quae quum ita 
 essent, baud multum abfuit quin Phineus fame moreretur 
 
PT. III.] The Argonauts. 59 
 
 85. THE HARPIES BEATEN, 
 
 Ees igitur in hoc loco erant, quum Argonautae navem 
 appulerunt. Phineus autem, simul atque audivit eos in suos 
 fines egressos esse, magnopere gavisus est. Sciebat enim, 
 quantam opinionem virtutis Argonautae haberent, nee dubi- 
 tabat quin sibi auxilium ferrent. Nuntium igitur ad navem 
 misit, qui Jasonem sociosque ad regiam vocaret. E6 quum 
 venissent, Phineus demonstravit, quanto in periculo suae res 
 essent, et promisit se magna praemia daturum esse, si illi 
 remedium reperissent. Argonautae negotium libenter sus- 
 ceperunt, et, ubi hora venit, cum rege accubuerunt \ at simul 
 ac cena apposita est, Harpyiae cenaculum intraverunt, et 
 cibum auferre conabantur. Argonautae primum ensibus 
 volucres petierunt; quum tamen viderent hoc nihil prodesse, 
 Zetus et Calais, qui alis instructi sunt, in aera se sublevave- 
 runt, ut desuper impetum facerent. Quod quum sensissent 
 Harpyae, rei novitate perterritae, statim aufugerunt, neque 
 postea unquam redierunt. 
 
 86. THE SYMPLEGADES. 
 
 * 
 [See General Note 20, on Ablative Absolute.] 
 
 Hoc facto, Phineus, ut pro tanto beneficio meritas gratias 
 referret, Jasoni demonstravit, qua ratione Symplegades vitare 
 posset. Symplegades autem duae erant rupes ingenti magni- 
 tudine, quae a Jove positae erant eo consilio, ne quis ad 
 Colchida perveniret. Hae parvo intervallo in mari natabant 
 et, si quid in medium spatium venerat, incredibili celeritate 
 
60 Consecutive Stories. [pt. hi. 
 
 concurrebant. Postquam igitur a Phineo doctus est quid 
 faciendum esset, Jason, sublatis ancoris navem solvit, et 
 leni vento provectus, mox ad Symplegades appropinquavit : 
 turn in prora stans columbam, quam in manu tenebat, emisit. 
 Ilia recta via per medium spatium volavit, et, priusquam 
 rupes conflixerunt, incolumis evasit, cauda tantum amissa. 
 Tum rupes utrinque discesserunt ; antequam tamen rursus 
 concurrerent, Argonautae, bene intelligentes omnem spem 
 salutis in celeritate positam esse, summa vi remis conten- 
 derunt, et navem incolumem perduxerunt. Hoc facto, dis 
 gratias libenter egerunt, quorum auxilio e tanto periculo 
 erepti essent : bene enim sciebant non sine auxilio deorum 
 rem ita feliciter evenisse. 
 
 87. A HEA VY TASK. 
 
 Brevi intermisso spatio, Argonautae ad flumen Phasim 
 venerunt, quod in finibus Colchorum erat. Ibi quum navem 
 appulissent et in terram egressi essent, statim ad regem 
 Aeetem se contulerunt, et ab eo postulaverunt, ut vellus 
 aureum sibi traderetur. Ille quum audivisset, quam ob 
 causam Argonautae venissent, ira commotus est, et diu nega- 
 bat se vellus traditurum esse. Tandem tamen, quod sciebat 
 Jasonem non sine auxilio deorum hoc negotium suscepisse, 
 mutata sententia, promisit se vellus traditurum, si Jason 
 labores duos difficilHmos prius perfecisset; et, quum Jason 
 dixisset, se ad omnia pericula subeunda paratum esse, quid 
 fieri vellet ostendit. Primum jungendi erant duo tauri specie 
 horribili, qui flammas ex ore edebant ; tum, his junctis, ager 
 quidam arandus erat, et dentes draconis serendi. His auditis, 
 Jason, etsi rem esse summi periculi intelligebat, tamen, 
 ne banc occasionem rei bene gerendae amitteret, negotium 
 suscepit. 
 
FT. III.] The Argonauts. 61 
 
 88. THE MAGIC OINTMENT. 
 
 At Medea, regis filia, Jasonem adamavit, et, ubi audivit 
 cum tantum periculum subiturum esse, rem aegre ferebat. 
 Intellegebat enim patrem suum hunc laborem proposuisse eo 
 ipso consilio, ut Jason moreretur. Quae quum ita essent, 
 Medea (quae summam peritiam medicinae habebat) hoc consi- 
 lium iniit. Media nocte clam patre ex urbe evasit ; et, post- 
 quam in montes finitimos venit, herbas quasdam carpsit ; tum, 
 suco expresso, unguentum paravit, quod vi sua corpus aleret 
 nervosque confirmaret. Hoc facto, Jasoni unguentum dedit : 
 praecepit autem, ut eo die, quo isti labores conficiendi essent, 
 corpus suum et arma mane oblineret. Jason, etsi paene omnes 
 magnitudine et viribus corporis antecellebat (vita enim omnis 
 in venationibus atque in studiis rei militaris constiterat), cen- 
 sebat tamen hoc consilium non negligendum esse. 
 
 89. SOWING THE DRAGON'S TEETH, 
 
 Ubi is dies venit, quem rex ad arandum agrum edixerat, 
 Jason, orta luce, cum sociis ad locum constitutum se contiilit. 
 Ibi stabulum ingens reperit, in quo tauri incltisi erant : tum, 
 portis apertis, tauros in lucem traxit, et summa cum difficul- 
 tate jugum imposuit. At Aeetes, quum videret tauros nihil 
 contra Jasonem valere, magnopere miratus est; nesciebat 
 enim filiam suam auxilium ei dedisse. Tum Jason, omnibus 
 aspicientibus, agrum arare coepit ; qua in re tantam diligen- 
 tiam praebuit, ut ante meridiem totum opus confecerit. Hoc 
 facto, ad locum, ubi rex sedebat, adiit, et dentes draconis 
 postulavit ; quos ubi accepit, in agrum, quem araverat, magna 
 cum diligentia sparsit. Horum autem dentium natura erat 
 talis ut, in eo loco ubi insiti essent, viri armati miro quodam 
 mode gignerentur. 
 
62 Consecutive Stories. [pt. hi. 
 
 90. A STRANGE CROP. 
 Nondum tamen Jason totum opus confecerat : imperaverat 
 enim ei Aeetes, ut armatos viros, qui e dentibus gignerentur, 
 solus interficeret. Postquam igitur omnes dentes in agrum 
 sparsit, Jason, lassitudine exanimatus, quieti se tradidit, dum 
 viri isti gignerentur. Paucas horas dormiebat ; sub vesperum, 
 tamen, e somno subito excitatus, rem ita evenisse, ut praedic- 
 tum erat, cognovit : nam in omnibus agri partibus viri in- 
 genti magnitudine corporis, ensibus galeisque armati, mirum 
 in modum e terra oriebantur. Hoc cognito, Jason consilium, 
 quod dederat Medea, non omittendum esse putabat ; saxum 
 igitur ingens (ita enim praeceperat , Medea) in medios viros 
 conjecit. lUi undique ad locum concurrerunt, et quum quis- 
 que sibi id saxum (nescio cur) habere vellet, magna contro- 
 versia orta est. Mox, strictis ensibus, inter se pugnare 
 coeperunt, et, quum hoc modo plurimi occisi essent, reliqui 
 vulneribus confecti a Jasone nuUo negotio interfecti sunt. 
 
 91. FLIGHT OF MEDEA. 
 
 At rex Aeetes, ubi cognovit Jasonem laborem propositum 
 confecisse, ira graviter commotus est : intelligebat enim id 
 per dolum factum esse, nee dubitabat quin Medea auxilium 
 ei tulisset. Medea autem, quum intelligSret se in magno fore 
 periculo, si in regia mansisset, fuga salutem petere constituit. 
 Omnibus igitur ad fugam paratis, media nocte, insciente 
 patre, cum fratre Absyrto evasit, et quam celerrime ad locum, 
 ubi Argo subducta erat, se contulit. Eo quum venisset, ad 
 pedes Jasonis se projecit, et mulfcis cum lacrimis obsecravit 
 eum, ne in tanto discrimine mulierem desereret, quae ei 
 tantum profuisset. lUe, quod memoria tenebat se per ejus 
 auxilium e magno periculo evasisse, libenter earn excepit, et, 
 postquam causam veniendi audivit, hortatus est, ne patris 
 iram timeret. Promisit autem, se quam primum earn in nave 
 sua avecturum. 
 
PT. III.] The Argonauts. 63 
 
 92. SEIZURE OF THE FLEECE, 
 
 Postridie ejus diei, Jason cum sociis suis, orta luce, navem 
 deduxit, at tempestatem idoneam nacti, ad eutn locum 
 remis contenderunt, quo in loco Medea vellus celatum esse 
 demonstravit. Eo quum venissent, Jason in terram egressus 
 est, et, sociis ad mare relictis, qui praesidio navi essent, ipse 
 cum Medea in silvas viam cepit. Pauca millia passuum per 
 silvam progressus, vellus, quod quaerebat, ex arbore suspen- 
 sum vidit. Id tamen auferre res erat summae difficultatis : 
 non modo enim locus ipse egregie et natura et arte munitus 
 erat, sed etiam draco quidam, specie terribili, arborem cus- 
 todiebat. At Medea, quae, ut supra demonstravimus, artis 
 medicae summam scientiam habuit, ramum, quem ex arbore 
 proxima deripuerat, veneno infecit. Hoc facto, ad locum 
 appropinquavit, et draconem, qui faucibus apertis adventum 
 exspectabat, veneno sparsit : proinde, dum draco somno op- 
 pressus dormit, Jason vellus aureum ex arbore deripuit, et 
 cum Medea quam celerrime pcdem retulit. 
 
 93. BACK TO THE ARGO. 
 
 Dum tamen ea geruntur, Argonautae, qui ad mare relicti 
 erant, animo anxio reditum Jasonis exspectabant : bene enim 
 intelligebant, id negotium summi esse periculi. Postquam 
 igitur ad occasum solis frustra exspectaverant, de ejus salute 
 desperare coeperunt, nee dubitabant quin aliqui casus acci- 
 disset. Quae quum ita essent, maturandum sibi censuerunt, 
 ut auxilium duci ferrent: at, dum proficisci parant, lumen 
 
64 Consecutive Stories, [pt. iil 
 
 quoddam subito conspiciunt, mirum in modum inter silvas re- 
 fulgens : et magnopere mirati quae causa esset ejus rei, ad 
 locum concurrunt. Quo quum venissent, Jasoni et Medeae 
 advenientibus occurrerunt, et vellus aureum luminis ejus 
 causam esse cognoverunt. Omni timore sublato, magno cum 
 gaudio ducem suum exceperunt, et dis gratias libenter retu- 
 lerunt, quod res ita feliciter evenisset. 
 
 94. PURSUED BY THE ANGRY FATHER, 
 
 His rebus gestis, omnes sine mora navem rursus conscen- 
 derunt, et, sublatis ancoris, prima vigilia solverunt: neque 
 enim satis tutum esse arbitrati sunt, in eo loco manere. At 
 rex Aeetes, qui jam ante inimico in eos fuerat animo, ubi 
 cognovit, filiam suam non modo ad Argonautas se recepisse, 
 sed etiam ad vellus auferendum auxilium tulisse, hoc dolore 
 gravius exarsit. Navem longam quam celerrime dedtici jussit, 
 et, militibus impositis, fugientes insectitus est. Argonautae, 
 qui bene sciebant rem in discrimine esse, summis viribus 
 remis contendebant : quum tamen navis, qua vehebantur, 
 ingenti esset magnitudine, non eadem celeritate, qua Colchi, 
 progredi poterant. Quae quum ita essent, minimum abfuit 
 quin a Colchis sequentibus caperentur, neque enim longius 
 intererat quam quo telum adjici posset. At Medea, quum 
 vidisset, quo in loco res essent, paene omni spe deposita, 
 infandum hoc consilium cepit. 
 
FT. III.] The Argonauts. 65 
 
 95. A FEARFUL EXPEDIENT, 
 
 Erat in nave Argonautarum filius quidam regis Aeetae, 
 nomine Absyrtus, quern, ut supra demonstravimus, Medea, 
 ex urbe fugiens, secum abduxerat. Hunc puerum Medea 
 constituit interficere, eo consilio ut, membris ejus in mare con- 
 jectis, cursum Colchorum impediret : pro certo enim sciebat, 
 Aeetem, quum membra filii vidisset, non longius prosecutu- 
 rum esse : neque opinio eam fef ellit : omnia enim ita even- 
 erunt, ut Medea speraverat. Aeetes, ubi primum membra 
 vidit, ad ea colligenda navem statiii jussit : dum tamen ea 
 geruntur, Argonautae, non intermisso remigandi labore, mox 
 (quod necesse fuit) e conspectu hostium remoti sunt, neque 
 prius fugere destiterunt quam ad flumen Eridanum per- 
 venerunt. At Aeetes, nihil sibi profuturum esse arbitratus, 
 si longius progressus esset, animo demisso domum revertit, ut 
 filii corpus ad sepulturam daret 
 
 96. THE BARGAIN WITH PELIAS. 
 
 Tandem post multa pericula, Jason in eundem locum per- 
 venit, unde olim profectus erat. Tum e navi egressus ad 
 regem Peliam (qui regnum adhuc obtinebat), statim se con- 
 tiilit, et, vellere aureo monstrato, ab eo postulavit, ut regnum 
 sibi traderetur : Pelias enim pollicitus erat, si Jason vellus 
 retulisset, se regnum ei traditurum. Postquam Jason, quid 
 fieri vellet, ostendit, Pelias primum nihil respondit, sed diu 
 in eadem tristitia tacitus permansit : tandem ita locutus est. 
 " Vides me aetate jam esse conf ectum, neque dubium est quin 
 dies supremus mihi adsit. Liceat igitur mihi, dum vivam, 
 hoc regnum obtinere ; tum, postquam ego e vita discessero, 
 tu in meum locum venies." Hac oratione adductus, Jason 
 respondit se id facturum, quod ille rogasset. 
 
66 Consecutive Stories. [pt. iii. 
 
 97. BOILED MUTTON, 
 His rebus cognitis, Medea rem aegre tulit et regni cupi- 
 ditate adducta, constituit mortem regi per dolum iiiferre. 
 Hoc constituto, ad filias regis venit atque ita locuta est. 
 "Videtis patrem vestrum aetate jam esse confectum neque 
 ad laborem regnandi perferendum satis valere. Vultis-ne 
 eum rursus juvenem fieri." Tum filiae regis, his auditis, ita 
 responderunt. " Num hoc fieri potest ^ Quis enim unquam 
 e sene juvenis factus est ? " At Medea respondit, " Scitis me 
 artis medicae summam habere scientiam. Nunc igitur vobis 
 demonstrabo quom6do haec res fieri possit." His dictis, quum 
 arietem, aetate jam confectum, interfecisset, membra ejus in 
 vas aeneum posuit, et, igne supposito, aquae herbas quasdam 
 infudit. Tum, dum aqua effervesceret, carmen magicum 
 cantabat. Post breve tempus aries e vase exsiluit et viribus 
 refectis per agros currebat. 
 
 98. A DANGEROUS EXPERIMENT 
 
 Dum filiae regis hoc miraculum stupentes intuentur, Medea 
 ita locuta est. "Videtis quantum valeat ars medica. Vos 
 igitur, si vultis patrem vestrum in adolescentiam reducere, 
 id, quod feci, ipsae facietis. Vos patris membra in vas 
 conjicite ; ego herbas magicas praebebo." His auditis, filiae 
 regis consilium, quod dederat Medea, non omittendum puta- 
 verunt : patrem igitur Peliam necaverunt, et membra ejus 
 in vas aeneum conjecerunt ; nihil enim dubitabant quin hoc 
 maxime ei profuturum esset. At res omnino aliter evenit ac 
 speraverant: Medea enim non easdem herbas dedit, quibus 
 ipsa usa erat. Itaque, postquam diu frustra exspectaverunt, 
 patrem suum re vera mortuum esse intellexerunt. His rebus 
 gestis, Medea sperabat, se cum conjuge suo regnum accep- 
 turam esse: at cives, quum intelligerent quomodo Pelias 
 periisset, tantum scelus aegre tulerunt : itaque, Jasone et 
 Medea e regno expulsis, Acastum regem creaverunt. 
 
PT. iii.J The Argonauts. 67 
 
 99. A FATAL GIFT. 
 
 Post haec Jason et Medea, e Thessalia expulsi, ad urbem 
 Corinthum venerunt, cujus urbis Creon quidam regnum turn 
 obtinebat. Erat autem Creonti filia una, nomine Glance ; quam 
 quum vidisset, Jason constituit Medeam uxorem suam repu- 
 diare, eo consilio, ut Glaucen in matrimonium duceret. At 
 Medea, ubi intellexit quae ille in animo haberet, ira graviter 
 commota, jurejurando confirmavit se tantam injuriam ultu- 
 ram. Hoc igitur consilium cepit. Vestem paravit summa arte 
 context am et variis coloribus tine tarn : banc diro quo dam 
 infecit veneno, cujus vis talis erat, ut, si quis eam vestem 
 induisset, corpus ejus quasi igne ureretur. Hoc facto, vestem 
 Glaucae misit : ilia autem, nihil mali suspicans, donum 
 libenter accepit, et vestem novam (more feminarum) statim 
 induit. 
 
 100. FLIGHT OF MEDEA, AND DEATH OF JASON. 
 
 Vix vestem induerat Glauce, quum dolorem gravem per 
 omnia membra sensit, et post paulum diro cruciatu affecta e 
 vita excessit. His rebus gestis, Medea, furore atque amentia 
 impulsa, filios suos necavit : tum magnum sibi fore periculum 
 arbitrata, si in Thessalia maneret, ex ea regione fugere con- 
 stituit. Hoc constituto, Solem oravit, ut in tanto periculo 
 auxilium sibi praeberet. Sol autem, his precibus commotus, 
 currum quendam misit, cui dracones, alis instructi, juncti 
 erant. Medea non omittendam tantam occasionem arbitrata, 
 currum conscendit, itaque per aera vecta, incolumis ad urbem 
 Athenas pervenit. Jason autem post breve tempus miro 
 modo occisus est. Ille enim (sive casu sive consilio deorum) 
 sub umbra navis suae, quae in litus subducta erat, olim 
 dormiebat. At navis, quae adhuc erecta steterat, in eam 
 partem, ubi Jason jacebat, subito delapsa virum infelicem 
 oppressit. 
 
68 Consecutive Stories. [pt. iii. 
 
 ULYSSES. 
 
 Ulysses, a celebrated Greek hero, took a prominent part in the 
 long siege of Troy. After the fall of the city, he set out ivlth his 
 followers on his homeward voyage to Ithaca, an island of which he 
 was king ; but, being driven out of his course by northerly winds, 
 he was compelled to touch at the country of the Lotus Eaters, who 
 are supposed to have lived on the north coast of Libya (Africa). 
 Some of his comrades were so delighted with the lotus fruit, that 
 they wished to remain in the country, but Ulysses compelled them 
 to embark again, and continued his voyage. He next came to the 
 island of Sicily, and fell into the hands of the giant Polyphemus, 
 one of the Cyclops. After several of his comrades had been killed 
 by the monster, Ulysses made his escape by stratagem, and next 
 reached the country of the Winds. Here he received the help of 
 Aeolus, king of the winds, and, having set sail again, arrived 
 within sight of Ithaca ; but, owing to the folly of his companions, 
 the winds became suddenly adverse, and they were again driven 
 back. They then touched at an island occupied by Circe, a 
 powerful enchantress, ivho exercised her charms on the companions 
 of Ulysses, and turned them into swine. By the help of the god 
 Mercury, Ulysses himself not only escaped this fate, but forced 
 Circe to restore her victims to human shape. After staying a year 
 with Circe, Ulysses again set out, and eventually reached his 
 home. 
 
PT. III.] Ulysses. 69 
 
 101. HOMEWARD BOUND, 
 
 Urbem Trojam a Graecis decern annos obsessam esse, satis 
 constat : de hoc enim bello Homerus, maximus poetarum 
 Graecorum, Iliadem, opus notissimum, scripsit. Troja tandem 
 per insidias capta, Graeci, longo bello fessi, domum redire 
 maturaverunt. Omnibus igitur ad profectionem paratis 
 naves deduxerunt, et, tempestatem idoneam nacti, magno 
 cum gaudio solverunt. Erat inter primos Graecorum 
 Ulysses quidam, vir summae virtutis ac prudentiae, quem 
 dicunt nonnulli dolum istum excogitasse, per quem Trojam 
 captam esse constat. Hie regnum insulae Ithacae obtinuerat 
 et, paulo ante-quam cum reliquis Graecis ad bellum profectus 
 est, puellam formosissimam nomine Penelopen in matri- 
 monium duxerat. Nunc igitur, quum jam decem annos 
 quasi in exilio consumpsisset, magna cupidine patriae et 
 uxoris videndae ardebat. 
 
 102. THE LOTUS EATERS, 
 
 Postquam tamen pauca millia passuum a litore Trojae 
 progressi sunt, tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut nulla 
 navium cursum tenere posset, sed aliae alias in partes 
 disjicerentur. Navis autem, qua ipse Ulysses vehebatur, vi 
 tempestatis ad meridiem delata, decimo die ad litus Libyae 
 appulsa est. Ancoris jactis, Ulysses constituit nonnullos e 
 sociis in terram exponere, qui aquam ad navem referrent, et 
 qualis esset natura ejus regionis cognoscerent. Hi igitur e 
 navi egressi imperata facere parabant. Dum tamen fontem 
 quaerunt, quibusdam ex incolis obviam facti ab iis hospitio 
 accepti sunt. Accidit autem ut victus eorum hommum e 
 miro quodam fructu, quem lotum appellabant, paene omnino 
 constaret. Quem quum Graeci gustassent, patriae et sociorum 
 statim obliti, se confirmaverunt semper in ea terra mansuros 
 ut dulci illo cibo in aeternum vescerentur. 
 
70 Consecutive Stories. [pt. hi. 
 
 103. THE LOTUS EATERS {continued). 
 
 At Ulysses, quum ab hora septima ad vesperum exspectas- 
 set, veritus ne socii sui in periculo versarentur, nonnuUos 
 e reliquis misit, ut, quae causa esset morae, cognoscerent. 
 Hi igitur in terram expositi ad vicum (qui non longe 
 abfuit) se contulerunt : qu6 quum venissent, socios suos quasi 
 vino ebrios repererunt : turn ubi causam veniendi docuerunt, 
 iis persuadere conabantur, ut se-cum ad navem redirent. 
 lUi tamen resistere ac manu se defendere coeperunt, saepe 
 clamitantes se nunquam ex eo loco abituros. Quae quum ita 
 essent, nuntii re infecta ad Ulyssem redierunt. His rebus 
 cognitis, Ulysses ipse cum omnibus, qui in nave relicti sunt, 
 ad locum venit ; et socios suos frustra hortatus, ut sponte sua 
 redirent, manibus eorum post terga vinctis, invitos ad navem 
 reportavit. Tum, ancoris sublatis, quam celerrime e portu 
 solvit. 
 
 104. THE ONE-EYED GIANT 
 
 Postridie ejus diei, postquam totam noctem remis con- 
 tenderant, ad terram ignotam navem appulerunt : tum, quod 
 nattiram ejus regionis ignorabat, ipse Ulysses cum duodecim 
 e sociis in terram egressus, locum explorare constituit. 
 Paulum a litore progressi, ad antrum ingens pervenerunt, 
 quod habitari senserunt : ejus enim introitum arte et manibus 
 munitum esse animadverterunt. Mox, etsi intelligebant se 
 non sine periculo id facturos, antrum intraverunt : quod 
 quum fecissent, magnam copiam lactis invenerunt in vasis 
 ingentibus conditam. Dum tamen mirantur quis eam sedem 
 incoleret, sonitum terribilem audiverunt, et, oculis ad portam 
 versis, monstrum horribile viderunt, humana quidem specie 
 et figura, sed ingenti magnitudine corporis. Quum autem 
 animadvertissent, gigantem unum tantum ociilum habere in 
 media fronte positum, intellexerunt hunc esse unum e Cyclop- 
 ibus, de quibus famam jam acceperant. 
 
PT. III.] Ulysses. 71 
 
 105. THE GIANTS SUPPER, 
 
 Cyclopes autem pastores erant quidam, qui insulam 
 Sicilian! et praecipue montem Aetnam incolebant : ibi enim 
 Yulcanus, praeses fabrorum et ignis repertor, (cujus servi 
 Cyclopes erant) officinam suam habebat. 
 
 Graeci igitur, simul ac monstrum viderunt, terrore paene 
 exanimati in interiorem partem speluncae refugerunt, et se 
 ibi celare conabantur. Polyphemus autem (ita enim gigas 
 appellatus est) pecora sua in speluncam egit ; tum quum saxo 
 ingenti portam obstruxisset, ignem in medio antro accendit. 
 Hoc facto, oculo omnia perlustrabat, et, quum sensisset 
 homines in interiore parte antri celari, magna voce exclamavit. 
 " Qui estis homines ? Mercatores an latrones % " Tum 
 Ulysses respondit, se neque mercatores esse neque praedandi 
 causa venisse : sed, e Troja redeuntes, vi tempestatum a recto 
 cursu depulsos esse : oravit etiam ut sibi sine injuria abire 
 liceret. Tum Polyphemus quaesivit, ubi esset navis, qua vecti 
 essent; Ulysses autem, quum bene intelligeret sibi maxime 
 praecavendum esse, respondit navem suam in rupes con- 
 jectam et omnino perfractam esse. Polyphemus autem, nullo 
 dato responso, duo e sociis manu corripuit, et, membris eorum 
 divulsis, carnem devorare coepit. 
 
 106. NO WA Y OF ESCAPE. 
 
 Dum haec geruntur, Graecorum animos tantus terror 
 occupavit, ut ne vocem quidem edere possent, sed, omni spe 
 salutis deposita, mortem praesentem exspectarent. At Poly- 
 phemus, postquam fames hac tam horribili cena depulsa 
 est, humi prostratus somno se dedit. Quod quum vidisset 
 Ulysses, tantam occasionem rei bene gerendae non omitten- 
 dam arbitratus, in eo erat ut pectus monstri gladio trans- 
 
72 Consecutive Stories. [pt. hi. 
 
 figSret. Quum tamen nihil temere agendum existimaret, 
 constituit explorare, antequam hoc faceret, qua ratione ex 
 antro evadere possent. At quum saxum animadvertisset, 
 quo introitus obstructus erat, nihil sibi profuturum intellexit, 
 si Polyphemum interfecisset. Tanta enim erat ejus saxi 
 magnitudo, ut ne a decem quidem hominibus amoveri posset. 
 Quae quum ita essent, Ulysses hoc destitit conatu, et ad socios 
 rediit ; qui, quum intellexissent, quo in loco res essent, nulla 
 spe salutis oblata, de fortunis suis desperare coeperunt. lUe 
 tamen, ne animos demitterent, vehementer hortatus est : de- 
 monstravit se jam antea e multis et magnis periculis evasisse, 
 neque dubium esse quin in tanto discrimine dii auxilium 
 allaturi essent. 
 
 107. A PLAN FOR VENGEANCE. 
 
 Orta luce, Polyphemus jam e somno excitatus idem quod 
 hesterno die fecit ; correptis enim duobus e reliquis viris, 
 carnem eorum sine mora devoravit. Tum, quum saxum 
 amovisset, ipse cum pecore suo ex antro progressus est : 
 quod quum viderent Graeci magnam in spem venerunt, se 
 post paulum evasuros. Mox tamen ab hac spe repulsi sunt : 
 nam Polyphemus, postquam omnes oves exierunt, saxum in 
 locum restituit. Reliqui, omni spe salutis deposita, lamentis 
 lacrimisque se dediderunt ; Ulysses vero qui (ut supra 
 demonstravimus), vir magni fuit consilii, etsi bene infcelli- 
 gebat rem in discrimine esse, nondum omnino desperabat. 
 Tandem, postquam diu toto animo cogitavit, hoc cepit con- 
 silium. E lignis quae in antro reposita sunt, palum magnum 
 delegit : hunc summa cum diligentia praeacutum fecit ; tum 
 postquam sociis, quid fieri vellet, ostendit, reditum Polyphemi 
 exspectabat. 
 
PT. in.j Ulysses. 73 
 
 108. A GLASS TOO MUCH. 
 
 Sub vesperum Polyphemus ad antrum rediit, et eodem 
 modo quo antea cenavit. Tum Ulysses utrem vini prompsit, 
 quam forte (ut in talibus rebus accidere consuevit), secum 
 attulerat, et, postquam magnam crateram vino replevit, 
 gigantem ad bibendum provocavit. Polyphemus, qui nun- 
 quam antea vinum gustaverat, totam crateram statim hausit ; 
 quod quum fecisset, tantam voluptatem percepit, ut iterum 
 et tertium crateram repleri jusserit. Tum quum quaesivisset 
 quo nomine Ulysses appellaretur, ille respondit se Neminem 
 appellari : quod quum audivisset, Polyphemus ita locutus est, 
 " Hanc tibi gratiam pro tanto beneficio ref eram ; te ultimum 
 omnium devorabo." His dictis, cibo vinoque gravatus recubuit 
 et post breve tempus somno oppressus est. Tum Ulysses 
 sociis convocatis, " Habemus," inquit, " quam petiimus faculta- 
 tem : ne igitur tantam occasionem rei bene gerendae omit- 
 tamus." 
 
 109. NOBODY. 
 
 Hac oratione habita, postquam extremum palum igne 
 calefecit, oculum Polyphemi, dum dormit, flagrante ligno 
 transfodit : quo facto, omnes in diversas speluncae partes se 
 abdiderunt. At ille, subito illo dolore, quod necesse fuit, e 
 somno excitatus, clamorem terribilem sustulit, et, dum per 
 speluncam errat, Ulyssi manum injicere conabatur: quum 
 tamen jam omnino caecus essefc, nullo modo hoc efficere potuit. 
 Interea reliqui Cyclopes, clamore audito, undique ad speluncam 
 
74 Consecutive Stories. [pt. hi. 
 
 convenerunt, et, ad introitum adstantes, quid Polyphemus 
 ageret, quaesiverunt, et quam ob causam tantum clamorem 
 sustulisset. Ille respondit se graviter vulneratum esse, et 
 magno dolore affici : quum tamen ceteri quaesivissent, quis 
 ei vim intulisset, respondit ille, Neminem id fecisse : quibus 
 auditis, unus e Cyclopibus, " At si nemo," inquit, " te vul- 
 neravit, hand dubium est quin consilio deorum (quibus 
 resistere nee possumus nee volumus), hoc supplicio afficiaris." 
 His dictis, abierunt Cyclopes, eum in insaniam incidisse 
 arbitrati. 
 
 110. ESCAPE, 
 
 At Polyphemus, ubi socios suos abiisse sensit, furore atque 
 amentia impulsus, Ulyssem iterum quaerere coepit : tandem 
 quum portam invenisset, saxum, quo obstructa erat, amovit, 
 ut pecus ad agros exiret. Tum ipse in introitu sedit, et, ut 
 quaeque ovis ad locum venerat, tergum ejus manibus tractabat, 
 ne viri inter oves exire possent. Quod quum animadvertisset 
 Ulysses, hoc iniit consilium ; bene enim intellexit omnem 
 spem salutis in dolo magis quam in virttite poni. Primum 
 tres, quas vidit pinguissimas, ex ovibus delegit : quas quum 
 inter se viminibus connexuisset, unum sociorum ventribus 
 earum ita subjecit, ut omnino lateret : deinde oves homi- 
 nem secum ferentes ad portam egit. Id accidit, quod fore 
 suspicatus erat. Polyphemus enim, postquam manus tergis 
 earum imposuit, oves praeterire passus est. Ulysses, ubi rem 
 ita feliciter evenisse vidit, omnes suos socios ex ordine eodem 
 modo emisit ; quo facto, ipse ultimus evasit. 
 
PT. III.] Ulysses. 75 
 
 111. OUT OF DANGER, 
 
 His rebus ita confectis, Ulysses cum sociis, maxime veritus 
 ne Polyphemus fraudem sentiret, quam celerrime ad litus 
 contendit : quo quum venissent, ab iis, qui navi praesidio 
 relicti erant, magna cum laetitia accepti sunt. Hi enim, 
 quum animis anxiis jam tres dies reditum eorum in horas 
 exspectavissent, eos in periculum grave incidisse (id quod 
 erat) suspicati, ipsi auxiliandi causa egredi parabant. Tum 
 Ulysses, non satis tutum esse arbitratus, si in eo loco 
 maneret, quam celerrime proficisci constituit. Jussit igitur 
 omnes navem conscendere, et, ancoris sublatis, paulum a 
 litore in altum provectus est. Tum magna voce exclamavit, 
 " Tu, Polypheme, qui jura hospitii spernis, justam et debitam 
 poenam immanitatis tuae solvisti." Hac voce audita, Poly- 
 phemus, ira vehementer commotus, ad mare se contiilit, et, 
 ubi intellexit navem paulum a litore remotam esse, saxum 
 ingens manu correptum in eam partem conjecit, unde vocem 
 venire sensit. Graeci autem (etsi minimum abfuit quin 
 submergerentur), nullo accepto damno, cursum tenuerunt. 
 
 112. THE COUNTRY OF THE WINDS, 
 
 Pauca millia passuum ab eo loco progressus, Ulysses ad 
 insiilam quandam, nomine Aeoliam, navem appulit. Haec 
 patria erat Ventorum. 
 
 " Hie vasto rex Aeolus antro 
 Luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras 
 Imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat." 
 
 Ibi rex ipse Graecos hospitio accepit, atque iis persuasit, ut 
 ad recuperandas vires paucos dies in ea regione commoraren- 
 tur. Septimo die, quum socii e laboribus se recepissent, 
 
76 Consecutive Stories. [pt. hi. 
 
 Ulysses, ne anni tempore a navigatione excluderetur, sibi 
 sine mora proficiscendum statuit. Turn Aeolus, qui bene 
 sciebat eum maxime cupidum esse patriae videndae, Ulyssi 
 jam profecturo magnum dedit saccum e corio confectum, in 
 quo ventos omnes praeter unum incluserat. Zephyrum tan- 
 tum praetermiserat, quod ilium ventum ad Ithacam navi- 
 gando idoneum esse sciebat. Ulysses hoc donum libenter 
 accepit, et, gratiis pro tanto beneficio relatis, saccum ad 
 malum ligavit. Tum, omnibus ad profectionem paratis, 
 meridian© fere tempore e portu solvit. 
 
 113. THE wind-bag, 
 
 Novem dies vento secundissimo cur sum tenuerunt: jam- 
 que in conspectum patriae suae venerant, quum Ulysses 
 lassitudine confectus (ipse enim manu sua gubernabat) ad 
 quietem capiendam recubuit. At socii, qui jamdudum 
 mirabantur, quid in illo sacco inclusum esset, quum viderent 
 ducem somno oppressum esse, tantam occasionem non omit- 
 tendam arbitrati sunt : credebant enim aurum et argentum 
 ibi celari. Itaque, spe lucri adducti, saccum sine mora solve- 
 runt : quo facto, venti, 
 
 " Velut agmine facto 
 Qua data porta ruunt et terras turbine perflant." 
 
 Extemplo tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut illi cursum 
 tenere non possent, sed in eandem partem, unde erant pro- 
 fecti, referrentur. Ulysses, e somno excitatus, quo in loco 
 res esset statim intellexit: saccum solutum, Ithacam post 
 tergum relictam vidit : tum vero maxime indignatione exarsit, 
 sociosque objurgabat, quod, cupiditate pecuniae adducti, spem 
 patriae videndae proiecissent. 
 
PT. III.] Ulysses. 77 
 
 114. DRA WING L TS, 
 
 Brevi intermisso spatio, Graeci insulae cuidam appro- 
 pinquaverunt, quam Circe, filia Solis, incolebat. Ibi quum 
 navem appulisset, Ulysses in terrain frumentandi causa egre- 
 diendum esse statuit ; cognoverat enim frumentum, quod in 
 nave haberent, jam deficere. Sociis igitur ad se convocatis, 
 quo in loco res esset et quid fieri vellet, ostendit. Quum tamen 
 omnes in memoria tenerent, quam crudeli morte occubuissent 
 ii qui nuper in patriam Cyclopum egressi essent, nemo reper- 
 tus est, qui hoc negotium suscipere vellet. Quae quum ita 
 essent, res ad controversiam deducta est. Tandem Ulysses, 
 consensu omnium, socios in duas partes divisit, quarum alteri 
 Eurylochus, vir summae virtutis, alteri ipse praeesset : turn hi 
 duo inter se sortiti sunt, uter in terram egrederetur. Hoc 
 facto, Eurylocho sorte evenit, ut cum duobus et viginti sociis 
 rem susciperet. 
 
 115. THE HOUSE OF THE ENCHANTRESS. 
 
 His rebus ita constitutis, ii, qui sorte ducti erant, in interio- 
 rem partem insulae profecti sunt. Tantus tamen timor 
 animos eorum occupaverat, ut nihil dubitarent quin morti 
 obviam irent : vix quidem poterant ii, qui in nave relicti 
 erant, lacrimas tenere: credebant enim se socios suos nun- 
 quam iterum vistiros. Illi autem aliquantum itineris pro- 
 gressi, ad villam quandam pervenerunt, summa magnificentia 
 aedificatam : cujus ad ostium quum adiissent, carmen dulcissi- 
 mum audiverunt. Tanta autem fuit ejus vocis dulcedo, ut 
 nullo modo retineri possent quin januam pulsarent. Hoc 
 
78 Consecutive Stories. [pt. in. 
 
 facto, ipsa Circe f oras exiit, et summa cum benignitate omnes 
 in hospitium invitavit. Eurylochus insidias comparari suspi- 
 catus, foris exspectare constituit: at reliqui, rei novitate 
 adducti, intraverunt. Convivium magnificum invenerunt 
 omnibus rebus instructum; et jussu dominae libentissime 
 accubuerunt. At Circe vinum, quod servi apposuerunt, medi- 
 camento quodam miscuerat : quod quum illi bibissent, gravi 
 sopore subito oppressi sunt. 
 
 lie. MEN TO PIGS, 
 
 Tum Circe, quae artis magicae summam peritiam habebat, 
 baculo aureo, quem gerebat, capita eorum tetigit : quo facto, 
 omnes in porcos subito conversi sunt. Interea Eurylochus 
 ignarus, quid in aedibus ageretur, ad ostium sedebat; post- 
 quam tamen ad solis occasum anxio animo et sollicito exspec- 
 taverat, solus ad navem regredi constituit. Eo quum venisset, 
 anxietate ac timore ita perturbatus fuit ut, quae vidisset, vix 
 lucide narrare posset. At Ulysses satis intellexit, socios suos 
 in periculo versari, et, gladio correpto, Eurylocho imperavit, 
 ut sine mora viam ad istam domum monstraret. lUe tamen 
 multis cum lacrimis Ulyssem complexus, obsecrare coepit, ne 
 in tantum periculum se committeret: Si quid gravius ei 
 accidisset omnium saltitem in summo discrimine futuram. 
 Ulysses autem respondit, se neminem invitum secum adduc- 
 turum : ei licere, si mallet, in nave manere : se ipsum 
 sine uUo auxilio rem suscepturum. Hoc quum magna voce 
 dixisset, e navi desiluit, et, nullo sequente, solus in viam 
 se dedit. 
 
PT. III.] Ulysses. 79 
 
 117. THE COUNTER CHARM, 
 
 Aliquantum itineris progressus, ad villain magnificam 
 pervenit, quam quum ociilis perlustrasset, statim intrare 
 statuit : intellexit enim banc esse eandem, de qua Eury- 
 lochus mentionem fecisset. At quum in eo esset ut limen 
 transiret, subito obviam ei stetit adolescens forma pulcher- 
 rima, aureum baciilum manu gerens. Hie Ulyssem jam 
 domum intrantem manu corripuit et, " Quo ruis % " inquit, 
 " Nonne scis banc esse Circes domum % Hie ineltisi sunt 
 amiei tui, ex bumana speeie in poreos eonversi. Num vis 
 ipse in eandem calamitatem venire ? " Ulysses simul ae voeem 
 audivit deum Mercurium agnovit : nullis tamen preeibus ab 
 instituto consilio deterreri potuit ; quod quum Mereurius 
 sensisset, berbam quandam ei dedit, quam contra carmina 
 maxime valere dicebat. " Hanc cape," inquit, " et ubi Circe 
 te baeiilo tetigerit, tu, strieto gladio, impetum in earn vide 
 (ut) facias." His dietis Mereurius 
 
 "Mortales visus medio sermone reliquit^ 
 Et procul in tenuem ex ociilis evanuit auram." 
 
 118. THE ENCHANTRESS FOILED. 
 
 Brevi intermisso spatio, Ulysses, ad omnia pericula sub- 
 eunda paratus, ostium pulsavit, et, foribus patefactis ab ipsa 
 Circe benigne exceptus est. Omnia eodem modo atque antea 
 facta sunt. Cenam magnifice instructam vidit, et accumb- 
 ere jussus est. Mox, ubi fames eibo depulsa est, Circe 
 pociilum aureum vino repletum Ulyssi dedit. Ille, etsi sus- 
 
80 Consecutive Stories. [pt. hi. 
 
 picatus est venenum sibi paratum esse, pociilum exhausit : 
 quo facto, Circe, postquam caput ejus baculo tetigit, ea verba 
 locuta est, quibus socios ejus antea in porcos converterat. 
 Res tamen omnino aliter evenit atque ilia speraverat. Tanta 
 enim vis erat ejus herbae quam dederat Mercurius, ut neque 
 venenum neque verba quidquam efiicere possent. Ulysses 
 autern, sicut jusserat Mercurius, gladio stricto, impetum in 
 earn fecit, et mortem minitabatur. Tum Circe, quum sen- 
 sisset artem suam nihil valere, multis cum lacrimis eum 
 obsecrare coepit, ne vitam adimeret. 
 
 119. PIGS TO MEN, 
 
 Ulysses autem, ubi sensit eam timore perterritam esse, 
 postulavit, ut socios sine mora in humanam speciem reduce- 
 ret (certior enim factus erat a deo Mercurio eos in porcos 
 converses esse) : nisi id factum esset, ostendit se debitas 
 poenas sumpturum. At Circe, his rebus graviter commota, 
 ad pedes ejus se projecit, et multis cum lacrimis jure- 
 jurando confirmavit se, quae ille imperasset, omnia f acturam : 
 tum porcos in atrium immitti jussit. Illi, dato signo, irru- 
 erunt, et, quum ducem suum agnovissent, magno dolore affecti 
 sunt, quod nullo modo potuerunt eum de rebus suis certior- 
 em facere. Circe tamen unguento quodam corpora eorum 
 unxit ; quo facto, omnes post breve tempus in speciem 
 humanam redditi sunt. Magno cum gaudio Ulysses amicos 
 agnovit, et nuntium ad litus misit, qui reliquis Graecis socios 
 receptos esse diceret. Illi autem, his rebus cognitis, statim 
 ad domum Circeam se contulerunt; quo quum venissent 
 omnes universi laetitiae se dediderunt. ^ * 
 
PT. III.] Ulysses. 81 
 
 120. AFLOAT AGAIN. 
 
 Postridie ejus diei, Ulysses in animo habebat ex insula 
 quam celerrime discedere : Circe tamen, quum haec cogno- 
 visset, ex odio ad amorem conversa, omnibus precibus eum 
 orare et obtestari coepit, ut paucos dies apud se moraretur : 
 et, hoc tandem impetrato, tanta beneficia in eum contiilit ut 
 facile ei persuasum sit, ut diutius maneret. Postquam tamen 
 totum annum apud Circen consumpserat, Ulysses magno 
 desiderio patriae suae videndae motus est. Sociis igitur ad 
 se convocatis, quid in animo haberet ostendit. Ubi tamen 
 ad litus descendit, navem suam tempestatibus ita afflictam 
 invenit, ut ad navigandum paene inutilis esset. Hac re 
 cognita, omnia, quae ad naves reficiendas usui sunt, comparari 
 jussit: qua in re tantam diligentiam omnes praebebant, ut 
 ante tertium diem opus confecerint. At Circe, ubi vidit 
 omnia ad profectionem parata esse, rem aegre ferebat, et 
 Ulyssem vehem enter obsecrabat, ut eo consilio desisteret. 
 Ille tamen, ne anni tempore a navigatione excluderetur 
 maturandum sibi existimavit, et, tempestatem idoneam nactus 
 navem solvit. Multa quidem pericula Ulyssi subeunda erant 
 antequam in patriam suam perveniret : quae tamen in hoc 
 loco longum est perscribere. 
 
GENERAL NOTES. 
 
 [The initial numbers 1-20 do not refer to the sections in the text.'] 
 
 1. The Subject. 
 
 The Subject of a Latin sentence may be — 
 
 1. The Pronoun contained in the verb : vocabat=^he was calling.' 
 
 2. Separately expressed by a Noun (or equivalent) in the Nomina- 
 
 tive case : regina vocat^HhO) queen calls'; 
 nos vocamus = * we call.' 
 
 Rule. — The Verb agrees with its Subject in number and person : 
 Tu vocas (2d person sing.) ; pueri vocant (3d person plur.). 
 
 Therefore, if there is no noun (or equivalent) in the nominative 
 case, and of the same number and person as the verb, the subject 
 must be contained in the verb. 
 
 2. The Object. 
 
 If the verb is Transitive it may have an Object (Noun or equiva- 
 lent). The Object is in the Accusative case, and must be translated 
 after the verb, though it may stand before it in the Latin, 
 s. o. V. 
 
 Bex servum misit — * the king sent a slave.' 
 
 3. Distinction of Subject and Object. 
 The Nominative and the Accusative are alike in — 
 
 1. Both Singular and Plural of Neuter nouns of any declension. 
 
 2. The Plural of Masculine and Feminine nouns of^ 4th, and 
 
 5th declension. ^ 
 
84 General Notes. 
 
 Such nouns do not therefore show by their form whether they are 
 Subject or Object. Thus — 
 
 (a) Donum misimus. Here donum does not show by its form 
 whether it is nominative or accusative ; but the verb is 
 1st plural, while donum is 3d singular. Donum cannot 
 therefore be the subject, and must be the object 
 (accusative). 
 
 (h) Bex donum misit. Bex can only be nominative ; therefore 
 donum must be accusative. 
 
 (c) Beges servos mittunt Beges might be either nominative 
 or accusative, but servos can only be accusative; therefore 
 reges must be nominative. 
 ^ (d) Beges dona mittunt. Both reges and dona might be either 
 nominative or accusative ; the sense will decide. _--— 
 
 \< 
 
 4. The Subjective Complement. 
 
 Some Intransitive Verbs require the addition of another word to 
 complete the sense of the sentence. This word is called the Subjec- 
 tive Complement. It may be either a noun or an adjective, and 
 agrees with the Subject. Such verbs are called Copulative. The 
 principal Copulative verb is * Sum ' : 
 
 s. v.c. s.c. s, v.c. s.c. 
 
 Bomulus est rex, Fuellae sunt pulchrae, 
 
 In translating a sentence where the verb is any part of Sum, 
 remember that — 
 
 1. If there are two nominative words, one of them is (generally) 
 the Complement, and must be taken after the verb : 
 
 s. c. 
 Begina bona est = * the queen is good ' — not * the good queen is.* 
 
 2. If there is only one nominative word, either (a) this must be 
 taken as the Complement, and the Subject is contained in the Verb ; 
 thus, timidus est = ' he is timid ' ; or (6) the verb is not used 
 copulatively = ' there is,' * there are,' etc. ; est locus — * there is a 
 place.' 
 
General Notes. 85 
 
 5. The Objective Complement. 
 
 Some Transitive Verbs require the addition of another word besides 
 the Object to complete the sense. This word is called the Objective 
 Complement. It may be a noun or an adjective, and agrees with 
 the Object. 
 
 Such verbs are called Factitive. They generally denote * making/ 
 * calling,' and * thinking ' : 
 
 Creaverunt Bomulum regem — ^ they made Romulus king.' 
 [N.B. — Factitive Verbs become Copulative in the Passive Voice : 
 s. v.c. s.c. 
 
 Romulus creatus est reic=* Romulus was made king.'] 
 
 6. Adjectives. 
 
 Rule. — Adjectives agree in Gender, Number, and Case with the 
 noun which they qualify. 
 
 Adjectives are commonly placed after their nouns, but in trans- 
 lating they must be taken first. 
 
 Remember that Adjectives do not always show the same ending as 
 the noun with which they agree. Thus— 
 
 Begin-ae hon-ae, but Nav-es long-ae. 
 Ohs, Adjectives are often used substantively — i.e, there is no noun 
 expressed with which they can agree. 
 If the adjective is masculine, supply *man' or * men. 
 „ „ feminine, „ ' woman ' or ' women.' 
 
 „ „ neuter, „ * thing' or * things.' 
 
 Thus : boni = ' good, men ; ' mulia==^ many things.' 
 
 hie = * this man ' = ^ he ' ; ille = * that man ' = * he.' 
 
 When hie is contrasted with ille, they may often be translated 
 thus : hie = * the latter ' ; ille = * the former.' 
 
 7. Apposition. 
 
 The person or thing denoted by one noun is often described by 
 another noun, which agrees with the first in Case, and is said to be 
 in Apposition with it : 
 
 Caesar f vir fortissimusy Gallos vieit 
 
86 General Notes. 
 
 8. The Accusative. 
 The Accusative is most commonly used as the case of the 
 
 (a) Object to a Transitive Verb : timet leonem = * he fears the 
 
 lion.' 
 (h) Objective Complement to a Factitive Verb : Herculem impera- 
 
 torem creaverunt = ^ they made H. general.' 
 
 (c) To denote Duration of Time {i.e. how long) : tres haras 
 
 mansit='he remained three hours.' 
 
 (d) To denote Measure of Space : tria millia passuum contendii 
 
 = * he went three miles.' 
 
 (e) After prepositions^ as in, ad, propter, ob, etc. 
 
 [N. B.-^See Note 12, on * Place.'] 
 (/) As the case of the Subject to an Infinitive (see note 17). 
 
 9. The Genitive. 
 
 The Genitive may generally be translated by using the preposition *of.' 
 The Genitive is most commonly used to denote 
 (a) The possessor or author : 
 
 Begis uxor =' the wife of the king,' or * the king's wife.' 
 [N.B. — Ejus, the genitive singular of is, ea, id=^ oi him,' ^ of 
 her,' ' of it,' = * his,' * her,' * its ' ; eorum, genitive plural = 
 
 * of them/ = * their.' 
 
 Suus, -a, -um, a possessive adjective, also means * his,' * her,' 
 
 * its,' * their.' Observe, however, that 
 
 Suus means belonging to the person or thing denoted by the 
 subject ; ejus, belonging to some person or thing not 
 denoted by the subject. Thus — 
 Hercules filium suum occidit = * H. killed his (own) son.' 
 Hercules filium ejus occidit =^ ^ Bl. killed his (anothei 
 man's) son.'] 
 {b) Genitive of Quality (always with an epithet) : 
 
 Vir summi consilii=^ a man of great prudence.* 
 (c) Genitive of thing distributed : 
 
 Multi nostrorum captisunt=*msi,njoi our men were taken.* 
 
General Notes. 87 
 
 (d) Genitive of thing measured : 
 
 Aliquantum pecuniae = * somewhat of money' = 'some 
 money.' 
 
 (e) Objective genitive : 
 
 Spes salutis = ' the hope of safety.' 
 
 10. The Dative. 
 
 The Dative may generally be translated by using the prepositions 
 *to' or 'for'; 
 
 Servo pecunia/m dedi= * I gave money to the slave.' 
 (a) Some Latin verbs, however, are followed by a Dative, which 
 must generally be translated without * to ' or ' for ' : 
 
 Imperavit Herculi=^^he commanded Hercules.' 
 Credo (believe), nubo (marry), parco (spare), pareo (obey), 
 suadeo (persuade), placeo (please), noceo (hurt), medeor 
 (heal), resisto (resist), ignosco (pardon), invideo (envy), 
 succurro (succour), faveo (favour), are the commonest 
 verbs of this kind. 
 (6) Est, sunt, etc., with a dative ='hsiYe^ : 
 
 Est mihi equus=^ there is to me a horse ' = ' I have a horse.' 
 So with the gerundive (see Note 19, i.). 
 (c) Dative of Furpose : 
 
 Erant praesidio ndw=* they were (for) a guard to the ship.' 
 
 11. The Ablative. 
 
 The Ablative is most commonly used to denote 
 
 (a) The Instrument — i.e. the thing with which an action is done : 
 
 Gladio vulneratus es< = * he was wounded with a sword.' 
 
 [N,B. — The person by whom an action is done is called the 
 
 Agent, and when the verb is Passive the word denoting 
 
 the Agent is put in the Ablative with the preposition 
 
 a, or ab, thus : 
 
 Vulneratus est a milite=^hQ was wounded by the soldier.'] 
 
 (b) Cause: 
 
 Pa W*(itts ira=' pale with anger.' 
 
88 General Notes. 
 
 (c) Manner, generally with an epithet : 
 
 Magna celeritate currebat = ^he ran with great speed/ 
 
 (d) Quality, always with an epithet : 
 
 Monstrum specie horrihili = * a monster of horrible 
 appearance.' 
 
 (e) Time when : 
 
 TeHm ^om=* at the third hour.' 
 
 [N.B. — Time * how long ' is expressed by the Accusative : 
 Mansit tres horas — * he stayed three hours.'] 
 
 (/) Certain Verbs govern an Ablative. The commonest are 
 
 utor (use), fruor (enjoy), fungor (perform), vescor (eat). 
 
 So, too, the Adjectives dignus (worthy of), contentus 
 
 (content with), etc. 
 (g) The Ablative is used after certain prepositions — ab, de, ex, 
 
 etc. See Note 12, on * Place.' 
 (h) Ablative of the thing compared, omitting quam (than) : 
 
 Ferrum auro utilius esi=* iron is more useful than gold. 
 (i) The Ablative Absolute. See Note 20. 
 
 12. Place. 
 
 Place * whither,' * whence,' and ' where,' is ordinarily indicated by 
 prepositions, thus : 
 
 * Whither,' i.e. Motion to a place, in or ad with Accusative ; venit 
 
 in urbem. 
 
 * Whence,' i.e. Motion from a place, ex with Ablative : fugit ex 
 
 * Where,' i.e. Positiop at or in a place, in with Ablative : manet 
 
 in urbe. 
 
 But with names of towns (not countries), small islands, dcmus 
 (home), rus (country), the preposition is omitted, and Place is 
 expressed thus : 
 
 * Whither,' i.e. Motion to, Accusative only : veiiit Bomam, 
 
 * Whence,' i.e. Motion from, Ablative only : fugit Bomd. 
 
General Notes. 89 
 
 * Where, i.e. Position at or in, Ablative, or (in Singular Nouns of 
 1st and 2d Declension), Locative, Le, cases in -ae, -t, as follows : — 
 
 Decl. Sing. Plur. 
 
 1st, -ae, Rom-ae nom. Roma. -is, Theb-i$ nom. Thebae. 
 
 2d, -i, Corinth-i „ Corinthiis. -is, Gahi-is „ Gahii. 
 3d, 'e,-i. Garthagin-e „ Garthago, -ihuSy Gad-ibus „ Gades. 
 So, (Zomi=* at home* ; ruri=^ in the country.* 
 
 13. The Infinitive. 
 The Infinitive is used — 
 
 (a) Frolatively, after such verbs as possum=^ I am able ' ; dicor 
 = * I am said,' etc., thus : hoc facere possum =^*1 am able 
 (can) do this' ; dicitur fuisse=^ he is said to have been.' 
 
 (6) Substantively, as Subject or Object : 
 
 Hoc facere difficile est = * to do this is difficult.' 
 
 (c) In Indirect Statements with Accusative of the Subjeot. See 
 Note 17. 
 
 14. Complex Sentence. 
 
 A Complex Sentence is one in which the place of a Noun, Adjec- 
 tive, or Adverb is taken by a group of words which themselves 
 admit of being analysed as a sentence containing Subject and Predi- 
 cate. Such a group of words is called a Clause. Clauses are of three 
 kinds ; 
 
 L Substantival— i.e. taking the place of Noun, as Subject or 
 Object : these include — 
 
 s. V.T. o. 
 
 (a) Indirect Statement : We know that this is true. Note 17. 
 
 S. V.T. o. 
 
 (6) Indirect Command : He begged that we would go. Note 
 16, n. (6). 
 
 S. V.T. O. 
 
 (c) Indirect Question : I know-not who he is. Note 16, iii. 
 
90 General Notes. 
 
 II. Adjectival — i.e. qualifying a Noun (or equivalent) as a simple 
 adjective does : 
 
 ' This is the letter (which you wrote).' Note 15. 
 
 III. Adverbial — i.e. qualifying a Verb, Adjective, or Adverb, as 
 a simple Adverb does. 
 
 (a) Consecutive : He was so weak (that he fell). Note 16, ii. (a). 
 
 (b) Final : They came (that they might see). Note 16, ii. (6). 
 
 (c) Causal : He cried out (because he was hurt). 
 
 (d) Temporal : (When he had said this) he went away. Note 
 
 16, L 
 
 (e) Conditional : (If you had seen) you would have believed. 
 (/) Concessive : (Though you are ^trong) you will not succeed. 
 (g) Comparative : He cried out (as if he were hurt). 
 
 16. Relative. 
 
 The Relative Pronoun (qui, quae, quod— ^ who' masculine and 
 feminine, 'which' neuter, and *that' all genders) introduces an 
 Adjectival Clause, i.e. a dependent sentence qualifying some noun in 
 the principal sentence. The noun so qualified is called the Antecedent, 
 and the Relative agrees with its Antecedent in number, gender, and 
 person, but not in case. The case of the Relative depends on the 
 work it has to do in its own clause. 
 Example — 
 
 Anteced. Relat. 
 Jffaec est epistola (quam tu scripsisti), 
 
 o. s. V.T. 
 * This is the letter (which you wrote). 
 
 Here quam is feminine singular to agree with epistola, but it is accu- 
 sative, because it is the object to scripsisti. 
 
 [N.B. — A Relative Clause usually stands after its Antecedent, so 
 that it often interrupts the principal sentence. Consequently, when 
 the Antecedent is in the accusative (or any other case than the 
 nominative), the word that governs it or on which it depends will 
 often be found after the clause. See below, No. 10, 11, etc.] 
 
General Notes. 91 
 
 Examples — 
 
 1. Vidi puerum, qui portam clausit. 
 
 2. Haec est epistola, quae mihi data est. 
 
 3. Laudavit milites, quorum virtus magna erat. 
 
 4. Epistola, quam tu scripsisti, mihi gratissima fuit. 
 
 5. Nuntii, quos misistis, nondura venerunt. 
 
 6. Cicero, cujus libri notissimi sunt, ex urbe fugit. 
 
 7. Multi, quorum agri vastati sunt, in oppidum venerunt. 
 
 8. Servus, cui pecuniam dedisti, in itinere occisus est. 
 
 9. Omnes, quibus patria cara est, arma capient. 
 
 10. Urbem, quam diu obsederant, tandem ceperunt. 
 
 11. Pontem, quem nuper fecerat, rescindi jubet. 
 
 12. Cum iis copiis, quas secum habuit, ad mare contendit. 
 
 13. Hi omnium, qui Galliam incolunt, sunt fortissimL 
 
 14. Bellum, quod tu suscepisti, ego confeci. 
 
 15. Libertatem, quam accepimus, semper defendemus. 
 
 16. Interfectus est vir fortis, cujus pater regnum obtinuerat. 
 
 17. Oaptivos, quorum magnus fuit numerus, occidit. 
 
 Obs. — Qui is sometimes used co-ordinately, i.e. 'who' = 'and he.' 
 When qui (Relative) stands after any stop except a comma, it is 
 generally best to resolve it, i.e. to break it up in this way. Thus — 
 
 Qui=et is or et hie, quae=et ea or et haec, quod==et id or et hoc. 
 So quod quum fecissent=^ and when they had done this,' 
 
 16. The Subjunctive Mood. 
 
 The Subjunctive is found — 
 
 I. Jn clauses introduced by various conjunctions, of which the 
 commonest are quum (* when,' * since '), and ut (* that '). 
 
 Quum, — When the clause begins with quum translate the Sub- 
 junctive like the Indicative : 
 
 Quum haec dixisset, ahiit = * when he had said this, he departed.' 
 Ut — When the clause begins with ut, first see whether the principal 
 sentence contains the words 'so' or 'such' {tam, tot, tantus, etc.) — 
 (a) If it does^ the ut clause is Consecutive (showing the conse- 
 
92 General Notes. 
 
 quence), and the Subjunctive must be translated like tlie 
 Indicative, 
 Consecutive. — Tarn stultus est, ut nihil intdligat=^ 
 
 * He is so stupid that he understands nothing.' 
 
 (6) If not, the ut clause is either Final (indicating purpose) or an 
 Indirect Command, and in either case the Subjunctive may 
 be translated with the English signs * may/ * might/ * should' ; 
 or ut, together with the Subjunctive, may be translated by 
 the English infinitive. 
 
 Final. — Venerunt, ut viderent = 
 
 'They came l*'^'***'!^y"''Sht see.' 
 
 V to see. 
 
 Indirect Command. — Militibus imperavit, ut curr6rent= 
 
 , TT 111. $ that they should run.' 
 
 He commanded his men \ . , 
 
 ( to run.' 
 
 N.B. — Ne is used in final clauses and indirect commands instead 
 of ut non. 
 
 II. In Indirect Questions (Note 14, i. (c)), i.e. in clauses introduced 
 by Interrogative words (as quis, quot, cur, etc.), the Subjunctive is 
 translated like the Indicative : 
 
 Nescio quis sit=^l do not know who he is.' 
 
 III. The Subjunctive is sometimes used in clauses introduced by a 
 Relative word — 
 
 (a) When the clause has really an adverbial force (usually Final), 
 and qui=ut, quod, etc. : Misit legatos qui pacem peter ent — 
 * he sent legates who should pray for peace,^ or * to pray for 
 peace.^ Heie qui . . . peterent=ut peterent. 
 
 (6) When the clause is Suboblique, i.e. dependent on an Indirect 
 Statement. The Subjunctive may be translated like the 
 Indicative. See Note 17, V. 
 
General Notes. 93 
 
 17. The Accusative with the Infinitive. 
 
 The * Accusative with the Infinitive' is the construction usually 
 employed in Latin to express an Oblique or Indirect Statement. An 
 Indirect Statement is a statement which stands either as object or 
 subject in a sentence. Thus — 
 
 Subj. Verb. Siibj. Verb. 
 
 Servus dormU=' the slave sleeps,* 
 
 is a direct statement, but 
 Subj. Verb. Object. Snbj. Verb. Object. 
 
 Puer dicit servum dormire=* the boy says (that) the slave sleeps,' 
 
 is a sentence containing an Indirect Statement (servum dormire) 
 which stands as object to the verb dicit 
 
 The subject of the Indirect Statement (servum) is in the accusative. 
 The verb „ „ „ (dormire) „ infinitive. 
 
 To translate this construction (which is most commonly found after 
 verbs of saying, thinhing, hearing, knowing, etc.), put the English 
 word * that ' before the subject accusative, then translate the subject 
 accusative as if it were a nominative, and the verb as if it were 
 indicative. 
 
 I. If the principal verb is in a primary tense (i.e. present, perfect, 
 or future), the various tenses of the dependent infinitive will be 
 translated exactly like the corresponding tenses of the indicative. 
 Thus— 
 
 Dicit servos dormire = * he says that the slaves are sleeping.' 
 
 „ „ dormivisse = „ „ „ have slept.' 
 
 „ „ dormituros esse = „ „ „ will sleep.' 
 
 Dicit urhem capi = *he says that the city is being taken.' 
 
 „ „ captam esse = „ „ „ has been taken.' 
 
 „ „ captum iri = „ „ „ will be taken.' 
 
 [N.B. — Dmt=*he has said' or dicet = ^he will say,' might be used 
 instead of dicit =^ he says,' in any of the above sentences, without 
 altering the Latin or the English of the dependent clause.] 
 
94 General Notes. 
 
 II. If the principal verb is in an historic tense (i.e. imperfect, aorist, 
 or pluperfect), the various tenses of the dependent infinitive will be 
 translated as follows : — 
 
 Dixit servos dormire = *he said that the slaves were sleeping.' 
 
 „ „ dormivisse = „ „ „ had slept.' 
 
 „ „ dormituros esse = „ „ „ would sleep.' 
 
 „ urhem capi — „ „ city was being taken.' 
 
 „ „ captam esse — „ „ „ had been taken.' 
 
 „ „ captum iri = „ „ „ would be taken.' 
 
 [N,B, — Dicehat=^^he was saying,' or dixerat==^^he had said,' might 
 be used instead of dixit = ' he said,' without altering either the Latin 
 or the English.] 
 
 Observe that the participles used in forming the future infinitive 
 
 active and the perfect infinitive passive are declinable, and must 
 
 agree with the subject in gender, number, and case ; but the supine 
 
 used in forming the future infinitive passive is indeclinable. Thus — 
 
 Dixit urhem captam esse, but dixit urhem captum iri. 
 
 [N,B. — In the future infinitive active the esse is often omitted. 
 Thus : Scio Caesarem venturum.] 
 
 Examples — 
 
 I. Simple accusative and infinitive of intransitive and passive verbs : 
 
 1. Audimus | multos hostium occisos esse. 
 
 2. Omnes sciunt | consulem ex urbe evaslsse. 
 
 3. Constat | Romam a Romulo conditam esse. 
 
 4. Speramus | amicos nostros mox ventures (esse). 
 
 5. Inveniebat ex captivis | urbem non procul abesse. 
 
 6. Certior factus est | Gallos profectos esse. 
 
 II. The infinitive may take an accusative of the object (or any 
 other case the verb may happen to govern) exactly as it would in the 
 Direct Statement : 
 
 Subj. Obj. Verb trans. 
 
 1. Scio I imperatorem epistolam scripsisse. 
 
 2. Certior factus est | Germanos Rhenum transisse 
 
 3. Aequum est | cives civibus parcere. 
 
 4. Nemo credit I te hoc fecisse. 
 
oenerai Notes. 95 
 
 III. If the infinitive is a copulative verb, the complement will be 
 in the accusative to agree with subject. 
 
 Subj. Compl. Copul. verb, 
 
 1. Spero I te felicem futurum esse. 
 
 2. Intellexit | rem difficillimam esse. 
 
 3. Constat | solem terra majorem esse. 
 
 4. Quis nescit | Ciceronem oratorem fuisse ? 
 
 IV. The reflexive pronoun se, when used as the subject of an 
 indirect statement, refers to the same person as that indicated by the 
 subject of the principal verb : 
 
 1. Caesar dixit | se venturum esse. 
 
 * Caesar said that he (i.e. Caesar) would come.' 
 
 2. Caesar dixit | eum venturum esse. 
 
 * Caesar said that he (somebody else) would come.' 
 
 3. Negabant | se contra Romanes bellum gessisse. 
 
 4. Caesar dixit | se eos recepturum (esse). 
 
 V. A relative clause contained in an indirect statement is said to 
 be Suhoblique, and the verb of such a clause is Subjunctive : 
 
 Dixit I urbem (quae capta esset) incensam esse. 
 
 Miscellaneous Examples — 
 
 1. Hi nuntiaverunt magnas copias undique coactas esse. 
 
 2. Ab his cognoscit non longe ex eo loco oppidum abesse. 
 
 3. Hostes se obsides daturos poUiciti sunt. 
 
 4. Cognoscit naves cursum tenere non potuisse. 
 
 5. Ex omnibus partibus tela conjici animadvertit. 
 
 6. Se paratos esse demonstrant ad omnia pericula. 
 
 7. Ex hoc proelio nostros non esse inferiores intellexit. 
 
 8. Suspicati sunt Britanni nostros hue ventures. 
 
 9. Belgas a Germanis ortos esse reperiebat. 
 
 10. Magnam partem exercitus periisse demonstrat. 
 
 1 1. Constituerunt igitur nihil temere agendum esse. 
 
 12. Satis intelligebat rem esse magni periculi. 
 
 13. Cato censebat Carthaginem delendam esse. 
 
 14. Animadvertit magnas copias hostium instructas esse. 
 
 15. In Uteris scribit se cum legionibus celeriter venturum. 
 
 16. Cognoscit non decimum quemque reliquum esse sine vulnere. 
 
96 
 
 General Notes. 
 
 18. Gerunds. 
 
 The Gerunds are the oblique cases (i.e. accusative, genitive, dativo, 
 and ablative) of a verbal noun, the infinitive supplying the nominative. 
 The verbal noun may be declined thus : — 
 
 Nom. scrihere = 'writing' or Ho write '; used as subject. 
 
 used after preposi- 
 tions. 
 
 Ace. 
 Gen. 
 
 scrihendum = 'writing,' 
 scrihendi = 'of writing,* 
 
 Dat. scribendo = Ho ' or ' for writing^' 
 
 AbL scribendo 
 
 used after nouns 
 such as amor, ars, 
 causa, etc. 
 
 used after verbs and 
 adjectives govern- 
 ing dative. 
 = 'by (with, etc.) writing,' used as ablative of 
 cause, manner, 
 etc., or after pre- 
 positions. 
 Examples of Gerund Constructions — 
 
 1. Catisam veniendi docuit. 
 
 2. Fugiendo salutem petiimus. 
 
 3. Naves ad navigandum inutiles erant. 
 
 4. Neutri transeundi initium faciunt. 
 
 19. Gerundives. 
 
 The Gerundive is a verbal adjective ending in -ndus, -nda, -ndum, 
 having (generally) a passive force. It has two main uses. 
 
 I. The Gerundive in Nominative or Accusative (without pre- 
 positions), IMPLIES MEETNESS, DUTY, Or NECESSlTr. 
 
 (a) The Gerundive of intransitive verbs can only be used in the 
 
 neuter singular and impersonally {i.e. not in agreement with any noun 
 
 expressed) ; e.g, — 
 
 Pugnandum esi=' there is fighting to be done ' = ' one must fight.' 
 
 (h) The Gerundive of transitive verbs may be used attributively 
 
 i.e. in agreement with a noun expressed) ; e.g. — 
 
 Urhs munienda est = ' the city | ^^^^^\l \ fortified,' 
 
General Notes. 97 
 
 Both these constructions admit of a dative noun, which indicates 
 the person on whom the duty or necessity lies ; e.g. — 
 
 Fugnandum est mihi = * there is fighting to be done by me ' 
 
 = ' I must fight.' 
 Urhs munienda est nobis — * the city must be fortified by us ' = 
 
 * we must fortify the city.' 
 [N.B. — The verbs est, sunt, may become erat, erit, sit, erant, 
 erunt, sint, etc., as may be required. In an Indirect Statement 
 (accusative and infinitive), est will of course become esse, fuisse, etc., 
 but is often omitted altogether. 
 
 In translating the Gerundive with est, erat, observe — 
 
 1. The Gerundive implies that the action indicated by the verb 
 is to be done. 
 
 2. The dative noun (if there is one) indicates who is to do the 
 action. 
 
 3. The noun (if there is one) with which the Gerundive agrees 
 indicates the person (or thing) upon whom the action is to be done. 
 
 4. The literal translation will be passive, but the sentence thus 
 obtained should generally be turned into the corresponding active 
 form. Thus — 
 
 Moriendum est no&^s = Hhere is dying to be done byus' = 'we 
 
 must die.' 
 Multa mihi facienda sunt =^ there are to me many things to be 
 
 done ' = ' I must do many things ' = * I have many things to do.' 
 
 Examples of Gerundive of Necessity — 
 
 (a) Impersonal. Currendum est ; moriendum est omnibus ; 
 maturandum erit nobis ; tibi ex urbe fugiendum erat. 
 
 (6) Attributive. Virtus militum laudanda fuit ; Caesari acies in- 
 struenda erat ; haec omnia nobis discenda erunt ; nihil desperandum 
 est. 
 
 In Indirect Statements — 
 
 1. Tum vero dubitandum (esse) non existimavit. 
 
 2. Non omittendum consilium putabant. 
 
 3. Non mediocrem sibi diligentiam adhibendam intellexit. 
 
 4. Multis de causis Caesar statuit sibi Rhenum esse transeundum. 
 
 6 
 
98 General Notes. 
 
 11. The Gerundive Attraction. 
 
 This construction is seen where a Gerundive stands in agreement 
 with a noun in the genitive, dative, or ablative cases, or in the accusa- 
 tive with prepositions. The Gerundive Attraction is equivalent to a 
 transitive gerund with an object : to translate it, consider the Gerun- 
 dive as an active transitive gerund, and the noun as its object ; thus, 
 Belli gerendi cupidus es^=*he is desirous of waging war.' 
 
 EXAMPLES OF GERUNDIVE ATTRACTION — 
 
 Omnia ad naves reficiendas paravit. 
 
 In his rebus gerendis totum annum consumpsit. 
 
 Proelii committendi signum dedit. 
 
 Ad galeas induendas tempus d^fuit. 
 
 Legati pacis petendae causa missi sunt. 
 
 Locum oppido condendo ceperunt.. 
 
 Miscellaneous Examples of Gerund and Gerundive — 
 
 1. Caesari omnia uno tempore erant agenda. 
 
 2. Reliquas naves ad navigandum paratas invenit. 
 
 3. Belli inferendi causa in Britanniam transierant. 
 
 4. Ad omnia pericula subeunda parati erant. 
 
 5. Unam legionem in Morinos ducendam Fabio dedit. 
 
 6. Hi autem nihil temere agendum existimabant. 
 
 7. Ad eas res conficiendas Orgetorix deligitur. 
 
 8. De recuperanda libertate consilium ceperunt. 
 
 9. Id ne accideret magnopere sibi cavendum existimabat. 
 10. Tempus ad committendum proelium alienum est. 
 
 20. The Ablative Absolute. 
 
 This is the name of a very common Latin construction, in which 
 a noun and a participle stand together, both being in the ablative, and 
 neither being governed by any word in the sentence. 
 
 Example 1. Caesar, ex posit o exercitu, ad oppidum contendit; lit. 
 * Caesar, his army having been landed, marched to the town.' 
 
 2. Dato signo, milites impetum fecerunt. 
 
 * The signal being given, the soldiers charged.* 
 
 The literal translation may often be improved in various ways. 
 
General Notes, 99 
 
 (a) By turning the ablative absolute into an adverbial clause, using 
 the conjunction * after,* *when,' * since,' * because,' * though,' or *if,' 
 according to the sense required : 
 
 * After he had landed his army, Caesar marched,' etc. 
 
 * When the signal had been given, the soldiers charged.' 
 
 (6) By turning the ablative absolute into an adverbial phrase 
 nsisting of a preposition and a verbal noun or gerund : 
 
 * After landing his army, Caesar marched,' etc. 
 
 * Upon the giving of the signal the soldiers charged.' 
 
 (c) By turning the ablative absolute into a co-ordinate sentence with 
 and' ; 
 
 * Caesar landed his army and marched,' etc. 
 
 * The signal was given, and the soldiers charged.' 
 
 (d) By turning the ablative absolute into an active participial phrase, 
 using either the present or perfect participle of the English verb. 
 
 ' Haying landed his army, ) ^^^^ ^^^^^^, ^^^^ 
 or, ' Landmg his army, ) 
 
 Observe that the doer of the action implied in the ablative absolute is 
 not always the same person as that denoted by the subject of the 
 main sentence. Thus, in the second example, the soldiers do not 
 give the signal ; when this is the case a passive verb must be 
 employed in the clause (a) and (c), and the method explained in 
 (d) cannot be applied at all. 
 
 Examples of the Ablative Absolute — 
 
 I. Simple ablative absolute — 
 
 1. Nostri milites, impetu fadOy locum ceperunt. 
 
 2. Tertia hora, suhlatis ancoris, navem solvit. 
 
 3. Castris munitis, duas legiones ibi reliquit. 
 
 4. Navibus deductis, exercitum transportare constituit. 
 
 5. Duce vulneratOf milites omnes fugerunt. 
 
 II. The noun of the ablative absolute may be qualified (a) by an 
 adjective ; (6) by a genitive ; (c) by an adjectival clause. 
 
100 General Notes. 
 
 {a) By an adjective — 
 
 1. Magno numero interfecto, reliqui ad castra redierunt. 
 
 2. His rebus gestis, Caesar in fines eorum contendit 
 
 3. Multis vulnerihus acceptis, copias reduxit. 
 
 4. Qua re nuntiataf Galli legates mittunt. 
 (&) By a genitive — 
 
 1. Multis eorum interfedis, nostri ad castra redierunt. 
 
 2. Gonsilio ejus cognito, legati ad eum venerunt. 
 
 3. Magna parte navium amissd, reliquas reficere constituit. 
 
 4. Omni spe salutis deposita, in fugam se dedemnt. 
 (c) By a relative adjectival clause — 
 
 1. Oranihus vicis {guos adire potuerant) incensis^ ad castra con- 
 tenderunt. 
 
 2. Duahus legionihus {quas proxime conscripserat) relictiSy cum 
 reliquis profectus est. 
 
 3. Copiis (quas secum hahuit) eductis, aciem instruxit. 
 
 III. The participle may be qualified (a) by an adverb; (6) by 
 an adverbial phrase. 
 
 (a) 1. Bello celeriter confecto, in Italiam rediit. 
 
 2. Nuntiis statim dimissis, diem edixit. 
 
 3. Copiis undique coactis, urbem oppugnabat. 
 
 (h) 1. Omnibus rebus ad bellum paratis, proficisci maturavit. 
 
 2. Buabus legionibus in oppido relictis, ad castra rediit. 
 
 3. Hostes, impetu in nostros facto, ordines perturbant. 
 
 IV. (a) Two or more nouns may be joined to the same participle. 
 
 1. Omnibus vicis aedificiisque incensis, se ad castra 
 
 receperunt. 
 
 2. Magnis copiis equitatuque coactis, in fines eorum 
 
 contendit. 
 {b) Two or more participles may be joined to the same noun. 
 
 1. Dissipatis ac perterritis hostibus, nostri ad castra 
 
 redierunt. 
 
 2. Multis et illatis et acceptis vulneribus, in oppidum se 
 
 receperunt. 
 
General Notes. 101 
 
 (c) Two or more ablative absolutes may occur in the same 
 sentence. 
 
 1. His rebus gestis, castrisque egregie munitis, ipse 
 
 profectus est. 
 
 2. Dato signo et suhlatis ancoris, navem solvit. 
 
 V. Examples of ablative absolute foumed^ (a): with present parti- 
 ciple ; (6) with participles of deponent verbs — 
 
 (a) 1. His pugnantibusy Ariovistus ex oppido eva?it. 
 
 2. Nostris militibus cundantibus, imperator ita locucus est}. 
 
 3. Omnibus aspicientibusy sacerdos templum intravit, 
 
 4. Hoc bellum, Servio regnante, confectum est. 
 
 5. Bis adjuvantibus, rem totam perfecimus. 
 (6) 1. Ortd luce, aciem instruxit. 
 
 2. Summd tranquillitate consecutdy navem incolumem perduxit. 
 
 3. His aliguantum itineris progressisy equites ad Caesarem 
 
 venerunt. 
 4 Maxima coorta tempestatCy naves in litus ejectae sunt, 
 
 VI. Instead of a participle (a) an adjective, or (b) a noun, is occa- 
 sionally used to form an ablative absolute. In translating an 
 ablative absolute formed in this way, the English participle * being ' 
 may be supplied: Me duce=]it *I being the leader ' = * under my 
 leadership.' 
 
 {a) 1. Vento secundo, classis in portum rediit. 
 
 2. Hac via Sequanis invitis ire non poterant. 
 
 3. JExigud parte aestaiis reliqua, Caesar proficisci contendit. 
 
 4. Germani pellibus utuntur, magna parte corporis nudd, 
 
 (b) 1. Haec omnia, me (ablative) auctore, facta sunt. 
 
 2. Lentulo consule Romam venit. 
 
 3. Te ducCy nihil timemus. 
 
 4. Natus est Augustus, consulibus Cicerone et Antonio, 
 
SJpiiCiAL NOTES. 
 
 ' . [The' iniwxl nwnh&rs r^er to the section in the text.'] 
 
 21. filius erat. See Note 4. 
 Acrisius. See Note 4. 
 
 necare. Prolative Infinitive (Note' 13), take necare after volehat 
 mater. Apposition. Note 7. 
 
 22. suum=* his ' = belonging to Jupiter. Note 9, N,B, 
 tranquillum. Objective complement. Note 6. 
 
 23. annos. Note 8 (c). 
 agere. Note 13 (6). 
 
 jamdudum es = * you have been for some time.' 
 
 24. postquam induit = * when he had put on.' The Perfect tense after 
 
 postquam should generally be translated as though it were 
 
 Pluperfect, 
 specie horribili=*of terrible appearance.' Ablative of Quality. 
 
 Note 11 (d). Lat. Prim., § 152. 
 earum = * of them ' = * their.' Note 9, N.B. 
 
 25. hoc modo = 4n this way.' Ablative of Manner. Note 11 (c), 
 
 Lat. Prim., § 154 
 falce sua. Ablative of Instrument. Note 11 (a). 
 
 26. illo tempore. Note 11 (e). 
 
 Ejus filia= * his daughter.' Note 9, N.B. 
 
 27. magna celeritate. Ablative of Manner. Note 11 (c). 
 jam-que = * and already.' Que cannot stand alone. 
 
 102 
 
Special Notes. 103 
 
 28. coUum ejus =* his neck/ i.e, Hhe monster's' ; swum would mean 
 
 his own. 
 dum volat=' while he was flying.' Dum ( = while) is generally 
 followed by the Present tense, which must, however, be trans- 
 lated as though it were Imperfect, when the main verb is in a 
 Past tense. 
 
 29. ' To marry' is ducere uxor em, speaking of a man. 
 
 „ nuhere marito (dative), speaking of a woman. 
 
 30. Tres dies. Note 8 (c). 
 quarto die. Note 11 (e). 
 
 32, dicitur fuisse. Prolative Infinitive, Note 13. 
 validissimus. Subjective Complement, Note 4. 
 media nocte = 4n the middle (of the) night' ; so summus mons= 
 * the top (of the) mountain.' 
 
 34. a puero = * from a boy ' = * from boyhood.' 
 
 neque quisquam=*nor any one' = *and no one.' 
 
 36. Tliebas=* to Thebes.' See Note 12. 
 sacri. Subjective Complement, Note 4. 
 
 37. creaverunt, a Factitive verb, Imperatorem is the Objective 
 
 Complement, Note 5. 
 conversa : est understood ; the est after pulsa does duty for both 
 pulsa and conversa. 
 
 39. See General Note 15, on Relative Clauses. 
 
 41. respirandi. Gerund. See Note 18. 
 
 42. cui erant = * to which there were ' = * which had.' Note 10 (6). 
 
 43. tantae audacitatis. Genitive of Quality with Epithet. Note 9 (6). 
 incredibiU celeritate. Ablative of Quality with Epithet. 
 
 Note 11 {d). 
 
 49. See Note 16, on the Subjunctive, 
 
 50. navigandl imperitus = * unskilled in sailing' (lit. o/) Objective 
 
 Genitive. Note 9 (e). 
 
 63. qui doceret = * who should explain ' = * to explain .' Note 16, iii. (a). 
 
104 Special Notes. 
 
 64. magna is not the Complement. Note 4. 
 
 55. pugnatum est = * there was fighting/ lit. 'it was fought.' The 
 Passive Voice of Intransitive verbs can only be used in this way, 
 i.e. impersonally. Lat. Frim.y § 195. 
 multum aestatis. Genitive of Thing measured. Note 9 {d), 
 58. quantum esset : an indirect question. Note 16, ii. 
 
 60. nihil incommodi= * nothing of inconvenience ' = * no inconvenience. 
 
 Notes {d). 
 
 61. quam, with a superlative =* as . . . as possible. 
 
 62. After this section the accent on gwocZ=* because ' will be omitted. 
 
 See if there is a neuter antecedent to which quod can possibly 
 be referred ; if not, quod is probably the conjunction. 
 
 66. miratus. A nominative participle should be taken after the 
 subject ; then any words standing between the subject and 
 the participle ; then the verb. Kemember that miror is de- 
 ponent, and that deponents have an active meaning. 
 
 70. qni idem : lit. ' which the same,' i.e. * which also.' 
 
 71. quod quum fecissent : quod is here used co-ordinately. See Note 
 
 15, Ohs. 
 
 72. quod quum cognovisset. See Note 15, Ohs. 
 
 73. sibi liceret = * that it should be lawful for him ' = ' that he 
 
 might be allowed.' 
 quae quum ita essent. See Note 15. Ohs. 
 
 75. sui ulciscendi = *of avenging himself.' See Note on Gerundive, 
 19, II. 
 
 77. nescio quam fabulam finxerunt = * they framed some story, I 
 
 know not what' : nescio quam fahulam finxerint would be 
 * I know not what story they framed.' 
 
 78. veritus ne. Verbs of fearing are followed by ne when it is 
 
 feared that the thing will happen, by ut when it is feared it 
 
 wiQ not : 
 
 Vereor ne veniat=^I fear he will come.* 
 Vereor ut venial = * I fear he wUl not come.' 
 
Special Notes. 105 
 
 accidlt ut. After accidity and some other verbs, ut with sub- 
 junctive is used instead of the accusative and infinitive, the 
 ordinary construction for indirect statements. 
 
 in transeundo flumine. Gerundive Attraction, Note 19, ii. 
 
 79. Phrixus, son of Athamas, had escaped with his sister Helle on 
 
 the back of a flying ram with golden fleece. Helle fell off 
 into the sea (hence called Hellespont) ; Phrixus arrived at 
 Colchis, and sacrificed the ram there, 
 demonstravisset. Suboblique. See Note 16, iii. (6). 
 
 80. iter : accusative, measure of space. Note 8 (d), Lat, Prim., 
 
 § 186. 
 usnL Note 10 (c). Lat. Prim., § 108. 
 ad armandas naves. Note 19, ii. 
 ne noctumum . . . intermitteret, = lit. *he did not leave out 
 
 even the night-time from his labour,' = he did not relax his 
 
 labour even during the night, 
 quam quibus. The antecedent eae is omitted. 
 
 81. pericula subeunda. Gerundive Attraction, Note 19, ii. 
 
 82. pugnatum est =' there was fighting.' The verb is here used 
 
 impersonally. Note on 56. 
 
 84. liaud multum abfuit quin = lit. *not much was wanting but 
 
 that.' The whole phrase may be translated ' very nearly.' 
 
 85. qui . . . vocaret. Qui here =ut, *in order that.' See Note 
 
 16, III. (a). 
 
 86. See General Note 20, on the Ablative Absolute. 
 
 87. ad omnia pericula sutoeunda. Gerundive Attraction, Note 19, ii. 
 jungendi erant = ' were to be yoked.' Gerundive used attri- 
 butively. Note 19, 1. (6). 
 
 88. quod . . . aleret.gwod with subjunctive, = * of such a kind as to.' 
 
 Note 16, III. (a). 
 
 89. omnibus aspicientibus. General Note 20, v. (a). 
 
 90. non omittendum esse putabat. General Note 19, N.B, 
 
106 Special Notes, 
 
 92. praesidio navi. Dative of purpose. Note 10 (c). 
 
 93. maturandum (esse) sibi censuerunt : the impersonal gerundive 
 
 standing as indirect statement. The direct form would be 
 maturandum est nobis. Note 19, i. 
 
 94. minimum abfuit quin. See Note on 84. 
 
 95. ea colligenda= Gerundive Attraction, Note 19, il 
 
 prius . . . quam. Translate as though priusquam formed 
 one word, * before they reached.' 
 
 101. quern dicunt excogitasse. A Relative Clause is here thrown 
 
 into the Accusative and Infinitive, quern being Subject to 
 excogitasse. The construction will be easily understood if 
 quern is resolved into et eum. ' 
 
 102. aliae alias in partes = * some one way and some another/ 
 106. in ©3) erat ut=' was on the point of.' 
 
 111. praesidio. Dative of Purpose. Note 10 (c) ; Lat. Prim. § 147. 
 
 115. aliquantum itineris. Genitive ox" Thing measured. Note 9(c); 
 
 Lat. Prim., § 131. 
 
 116. salutem futuram : Accusative and Infinitive, depending on 
 
 some verb of saying, which can easily be supplied. 
 
 117. in eo esset. See Note 106. 
 
 vide ut facias, * see thou make/ i.e. * take care to make.* Facias 
 is in subjunctive, being an indirect command. 
 
 120. ei persuasum sit. Verbs that govern the dative can only be 
 used in the passive impersonally ; so * I am persuaded ' = 
 persuasum est mihi, lit. * it is persuaded to me.' 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 Abbreviations, 
 
 abl. 
 
 ace. 
 
 adj. 
 
 adv. 
 
 c. 
 
 comp. 
 
 compar. 
 
 conj. 
 
 dat. 
 
 decl. 
 
 defect. 
 
 dep. 
 
 f. 
 
 fut. 
 
 gen. 
 
 ger. 
 
 imperat. 
 
 imperf. 
 
 impers. 
 
 incep. 
 
 indecl. 
 
 indef. 
 
 indie. 
 
 infin. 
 
 ablative, 
 accusative. 
 
 adverb, 
 common gender, 
 compound, 
 comparative, 
 conjunction, 
 dative, 
 declension, 
 defective verb, 
 deponent verb, 
 feminine gender, 
 future, 
 genitive. 
 
 'mperative. 
 
 = impersonal verb. 
 
 = inceptive verb. 
 
 = indeclinable. 
 
 = indefinite. 
 
 = indicative. 
 
 = infinitive. 
 
 The references are to the Shorter Latin Primer, 
 
 inter. 
 
 r= 
 
 interjection. 
 
 interrog 
 
 = 
 
 interrogative. 
 
 intrans. 
 
 = 
 
 intransitive. 
 
 irreg. 
 
 = 
 
 irregular. 
 
 m. 
 
 = 
 
 masculine gender. 
 
 n. 
 
 = 
 
 neuter gender. 
 
 num. 
 
 = 
 
 numerical. 
 
 part. 
 
 = 
 
 participle. 
 
 pass. 
 
 = 
 
 passive. 
 
 perf. 
 
 = 
 
 perfect. 
 
 plu. 
 
 = 
 
 plural. 
 
 plnp. 
 
 = 
 
 pluperfect. 
 
 pres. 
 
 = 
 
 present. 
 
 prep. 
 
 = 
 
 preposition. 
 
 pron. 
 
 = 
 
 pronoun. 
 
 reflex. 
 
 = 
 
 reflexive. 
 
 sing. 
 
 = 
 
 singular. 
 
 subj. 
 
 = 
 
 subjunctive. 
 
 subst. 
 
 = 
 
 substantive. 
 
 sup. 
 
 = 
 
 supine. 
 
 superl. 
 
 = 
 
 superlative. 
 
 trans. 
 
 = 
 
 transitive. 
 
 V. 
 
 = 
 
 verb. 
 
 A or ab, prep, abl., by ^ from, 
 ab-do, dere, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, hide 
 
 Ido]. 
 ab-duco, -ducere, -duxi^ -ductum, v. 
 
 3, take away. 
 ab-eo, -ire, -ii, -itum, v. 4, go away, 
 
 depart [eo. L.P., § 102], 
 abi, imperative of ab-eo. 
 ab-jicio, -jieere, -jeei, -jeetum, v. 3, 
 
 throw away [ab+jacio]. 
 ab-ripio, -ripere, -riptii, -reptum, v. 3, 
 
 steal away, carry ©/"[ab+rapio]. 
 abs-cido, -cidSre, -cidi, -cisum, v. 3. 
 
 cut off. 
 
 abstuli, perf. of aufero. 
 
 ab-snm, -esse, -fui, be distant^ be 
 
 wanting [sum], 
 ab-siim-o, -sumere, -sumpsi, -sump- 
 
 tum, v. 3, consume, destroy. 
 Absyrt-us, -i, m., Absyrtus (brotlier 
 
 of Medea). 
 ae, conj., and. After idem or simul, 
 
 ac=a5; after aliteT=^ than, 
 ac- in compound words stands for ad 
 
 before c; thus, ac-curro for ad- 
 
 curro. 
 ac-cendo, -cendere, -cendi, -censum, 
 
 V. 3, light, kindle [ad+cendo]. 
 107 
 
108 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 [ac-af 
 
 acce^eTatf pluperf. o/accipio. 
 ac-cido, -cidSre, -cldi, v. 3, happen 
 
 (often impers. •= it happens) [ad+ 
 
 cado]. 
 ac-clpio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptum, v. 3, 
 
 receive [ad+capio]. 
 ac-cumbo, -cumbere, -ctibiii, -cubi- 
 
 tum, V. 3, sit down (to table) [ad+ 
 
 cumbo]. 
 ac-curro, -currere, -curri, -cursum, 
 
 V. 3, run to, come up [ad + 
 
 curro]. 
 aci-es, -ei, f., line of battle. 
 A.crisi-us, -i, Acrisiiis {grandfather 
 
 of Per sells). 
 acriter, adv., sharply [acer]. 
 ad, prep. ace. , to, at (a time), 
 ad-amo, -amare, -amavi, -amatum, 
 
 V. l,faU in love with. 
 ad-duco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum, 
 
 V. 3, lead on, bring, induce. 
 ad-eo, -ire, -li, -Xtum, v. 4., go to, 
 
 approach [eo]. 
 Sd-hibeo, -hibere, -hibitum, v. 2, em- 
 ploy [ad + habeo]. 
 adhuc, adv., up to this time, still. 
 ad-imo, -Imere, -emi, -emptum, v. 3, 
 
 take away [ad+ enio]. 
 Sdit-us, -us, m,, entrance, approach 
 
 [ad -f- eo]. 
 ad-jicio, -jlcere, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3, 
 
 hurl, throw [ad + jacio]. 
 ad-jungo, -jungere, -junxi, -junctum, 
 
 v. 3, join. 
 Admet-a, -ae, f., Admeta {daughter 
 
 of Eurystheus). 
 admir-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., ad- 
 mire. 
 ad-mitto, -mittere, -misi, -missum, 
 
 V. 3, allow. 
 S,d-61esc-ens, -entis, m., young man. 
 ad-61escenti-a, -ae f., youth. 
 ad-sto, -stare, -stlti, v. 1 {compound 
 
 of sto), stand at, or near. 
 
 Sd-uro, -urere, -ussi, -ustum, v. 3, 
 
 bum, scorch. 
 ad-v5nio, -venire, -veni, -ventum, 
 
 V. 4, come towards, approach. 
 advent-US, -us, m., approach, arrival. 
 ad-v6c-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, call 
 
 to. 
 Aeac-us, -i, m., Aeacus {one of the 
 
 three judges of Hades). 
 aed-es, is, f. (in sing.) temple, (in 
 
 plur. )/iow5e. 
 aedifici-um, -i, n., building [aedes + 
 
 facio], 
 aedific-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, build. 
 Aedu-i, -orum, m. plu., the Aeduans 
 
 (a Gallic tribe). 
 Aeei-es, ae, m., king of the Colchi. 
 aegre, adv., ill, with difficulty ; aegre 
 
 ferre = to be displeased at. 
 Aegypti-us, -a, -um, adj. Egyptian. 
 Aegyptus, -i, f., Egypt. 
 aene-us, -a, um, adj., brazen [aes]. 
 Aeol-us, -i, m., Aeolus {king of the 
 
 aequ-us. -a, -um, adj., fair, right, 
 
 just. 
 aer, aeris, m. , air, ace. aer-a and -em. 
 aes, aeris, n., copper. 
 Aes-on, -6nis, m., father of Jason. 
 aest-as, -atis, f. summer. 
 aet-as, -atis, f., age, old age, 
 aetern-us, -a, -um, sidj. , eternal ; in 
 
 aeternum = for ever. 
 Aethiop-es, -um, m. plu., the Aethio- 
 
 Aethiopi-a, -ae, f., Aethiopia {country 
 of the Aethiopians). 
 
 af-fero, af-ferre, at-tuli, al-latum {com- 
 pound of ad and fero), v. irreg., 
 
 af-ficio, -ficSre, -feci, -fectum, v. 3, 
 move, affect [ad -f facio] ; supplicio 
 afficere = to visit with punishment 
 = to punish. 
 
af-aq] 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 109 
 
 af-flict-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 shatter. 
 af-flTgo, -fllgSre, -flixi, -flictiim, v. 3, 
 
 shatter. 
 Sger, agri, m., field, land. 
 agm-en, -inis, n., band [ago, drive]. 
 a-gnosco, -gnoscere, -gn5vi, -gnitum, 
 
 V. 3, recognise [ad + gnosco]. 
 ago, agere, egi, actum, v. 3, do, drive; 
 
 agere gratias, return thanks ; agere 
 
 vitam, to pass one's life. 
 al-a, -ae, f., tuing. 
 al-bus, -a, -um, adj., white. 
 Alcmen-a, -ae, f.,Alcmene {mother of 
 
 Hercules). 
 aiien-us, -a, -um, adj., out of place. 
 aiiquant-um, -i, n., somewhat, 
 aii-quis, -qua, -quid, pron. indef., 
 
 some. 
 ali-qui, -qua, -quod, adj. indef., some. 
 filter, adv., otherwise, in another 
 
 way, differently. 
 ali-us, -a, -ud, adj. , o^/ier (La^. Prim., 
 
 § 69); alii . . . alii, some . . . others. 
 allatus, particip. of affero. 
 al-lig-o, -are, -avi, atum, v. 1, hind 
 
 [ad + ligo]. 
 alo, alere, alui, altum and alitum, v. 
 
 3, nourish. 
 Alp-es, -ium, f., the Alps. 
 alter, -a, -um, adj., one (of two), the 
 
 other (of two), the second. 
 «ilt-us, -a, -um, adj., high^ deep; 
 
 altum = the deep. 
 Amaz6n-es, -um, f., plu., the Amazons 
 
 (a race of warlike women). 
 amenti-a, -ae, f., madness [a + mens, 
 
 mind\. 
 amic-us, -i, m.., friend. 
 a-mitto, -mittere, -misi, -misstim, v. 
 
 3, lose. 
 Ammon, -is, m.,Amm>on{an Egyptian 
 
 god). 
 Sm-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, love, like. 
 
 amor, -is, m., love. 
 
 a-moveo, -movere, -movi, -motum, 
 
 V. 2, more away. 
 amph5r-a, -ae, f.,jiar, hottle, 
 an, conj., or (in questions), 
 ancor-a, -ae, f., anchor. 
 Andr6med-a, -ae, f., Andromeda 
 
 {daughter of Cepheus). 
 ^nim-a, -ae, f., hreath, soul, life. 
 animad-verto, -vertere, -verti, -ver- 
 
 sum, V. 3, observe. 
 anim-us, -i, m., mind; in animo 
 
 habere = to intend. 
 ann-us, -i, m., year. 
 ante, prep, ace, before {9\&o an adv.). 
 antea, adv., before. 
 ante-cello, -cellere, v. 3, surpass, excel. 
 antequam, conj., before. 
 antlqu-us, -a, -um, adj., ancient. 
 antr-um, -i, -n., cave. 
 anxiet-as, -atis, f., anxiety. 
 anxi-us, -a, -um, adj., anxious. 
 a per, apri, m., wild boar. 
 ^per-io, -ire, -ui, -tum, v. 4, open. 
 Apoll-o, -inis, m., Apollo {a Moman 
 
 god). 
 ap- in compounds stands for ad 
 
 before p. 
 ap-pello, -pellare, -pellavi, -pel- 
 
 latum, V. 1, call, name. 
 ap-pello, -pellere, -piili, -pul 
 
 sum, V. 3, bring to; navem 
 
 appellere = to bring to land. 
 ap-peto, -petere, -petivi, -peti-/ n 
 
 tum, V. 3, draw near. ( p^ 
 
 ap-p6no, -pongre, -p6sui, -posi- 
 
 tum, V. 3, set on. 
 ap-propinquo, -are, -avi, -atum, 
 
 V. 1, approach. 
 appulsus, ^ar^i'ajo. o/appello. 
 aprum, ace. o/aper. 
 apM, prep, ace, arrumg, with. 
 Squ-a, -ae, f., water. 
 ar-a, -ae, f., altar. 
 
110 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 [ar-be 
 
 arb!tr-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., con- 
 sider, think, judge. 
 
 arb-or, -6ris, f., tree. 
 
 arc-a, -ae, f., chest, box, ark. 
 
 Arcadia, -ae, f., Arcadia {a region of 
 Greece). 
 
 arcess-o, -ere, -ivi, -itum, v. 3, fetch. 
 
 arc-US, -us, m., bow. 
 
 ard-ens, -entis, part., blazing. 
 
 ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsum, v. 2, to be 
 on fire, burn (intraiis.). 
 
 3,ren-a, -ae, f., sand. 
 
 argent-um, -i, n., silver. 
 
 Argonaut-ae, -arum, m. plu., the Ar- 
 gonauts (i.e. the crew of the 'Argo^). 
 
 Argo, f., the Argo {Jason's ship). 
 
 Arg61Ic-us, -a, -um, Argolic (i.e. be- 
 longing to Argolis, a district of 
 Greece). 
 
 Arg-us, -i, m., Argus {the builder of 
 the ' Argo '). 
 
 Sri-es, -etis, m., ram. 
 
 Ariovist-Tis, -i, m., Ariovistus (a 
 Gallic chief). 
 
 armS, armorum, n. plu., arms, 
 weajpons. 
 
 arm-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, equip, 
 arm. 
 
 ^r-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, plough. 
 
 ars, artis, f., art, artificial means. 
 
 arx, arcis, f., citadel. 
 
 a-scendo, -scendere, -scendi, -scen- 
 sum, V. 3, ascend [ad •{■ scando]. 
 
 Asi-a, -ae, f., Asia. 
 
 a-splcio, -spicere, -spexi, -spectutn, 
 V. 3, behold, look on [ad + specioj. 
 
 at, conj., but, moreover. 
 
 Atl-as, -antis, m.. Atlas {a man who 
 supported the heavens), 
 
 atque, conj., and [also written ac 
 before a consonant]. 
 
 atriu-m, -i, n., hall. 
 
 at-tingo, -tingere, -t!gi, -tactum, v. 
 3, touch at [ad -f tango]. 
 
 atttili, perf. q/affero. 
 
 auc-tor, -toris, m., adviser. 
 
 auctori-tas, -tatis, f., influence. 
 
 audaci-a, -ae, f., boldness, audacity. 
 
 aud-ax, -acis, adj., bold. 
 
 audeo, audere, ausus sum, v. 2, semi- 
 
 dep., dare. 
 aud-io, -Ire, -ivi, -itum, v. 4, hear. 
 au-fero, au-ferre, abs-tiili, ab-latum, 
 
 V. irreg., carry o/"[ab -f fero]. 
 au-fugio, -fugere, -fugi, -fugitum, v. 
 
 3, run away, escape [ab + fugio], 
 Auge-as, -ae, m., Augeas {a king in 
 
 Elis). 
 aur-a, -ae, f., air, breeze. 
 aure,-us, -a, -um, adj., golden. 
 aur-is, -is, f., ear. 
 aur-um, -i, n., gold. 
 aut, conj., or-, aut . . . aut, eithef 
 
 . , . or. 
 autem, moreover, but. Autem may 
 
 frequently be translated now, used 
 
 without reference to time : Now it 
 
 happened on that day, etc. 
 auxili-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., help. 
 auxili-um, -i, n., help, 
 a-veho, -vehere, -vexi, -vectum, v. 3, 
 
 carry away. 
 Sv-is, -is, c, bird. 
 a-volo, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, fly 
 
 away. 
 av-us, -i, m,, grandfather. 
 
 B 
 
 BS,bylon, -is, Babylon. 
 ba,ctilu-m, -i, n., stick, wand, 
 balte-us, -i, m., belt, girdle. 
 barbSr-us, -a, -um, adj., barbarian. 
 beat-US, -a, -um, adj., happy. 
 Belg-ae, -arum, m. plu., the Belgae 
 
 (name of a people), 
 bellicos-us, -a, -um, adj., warlike 
 
 [bellumj. 
 
be-ce] 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 Ill 
 
 bellu-a, -ae, f., brute. 
 
 cant-o, -are, -avl, -atum, v. 1, sing 
 
 bell-um, -i, n., war. 
 
 [frequentative of cano]. 
 
 bene, adv., well [bonus]. 
 
 c2,pi-o, capere, cep-i, capt-um, v. 3, 
 
 benefici-um, -i, n., kindness, henejlt 
 
 take, catch, receive, adopt. 
 
 [bene + facio]. 
 
 capit-, stem o/ caput. 
 
 benfgne, adv., kindly. 
 
 captiv-us, -a, -um, adj., captive 
 
 benignlt-as, -atis, f., kindness. 
 
 [capio]. 
 
 bibo, bibere, bibi, v. 3, drvnk. 
 
 caput, capitis, n., head. 
 
 bi-ceps, -cipltis, adj., two-headed [bi 
 
 carc-er, -eris, m., prison. 
 
 + caput]. 
 
 carmen, carmlnis, n., song, charm. 
 
 b6n-us, -a, -um, adj., good. 
 
 cSro, carnis, i., flesh. 
 
 bos, bovis, c, ox, cow, gen. plu. 
 
 carp-o, -Sre, -si, -turn, v. 3, pluck. 
 
 bourn ; dat. and abl. bobus. 
 
 Carthag-o, -inis, f., Carthage {a town 
 
 brachi-um, -i, n., ar^n. 
 
 in Africa). 
 
 brgv-is, -e, adj., short. 
 
 car-US, -a, -um, adj., dear. 
 
 Britann-i, -orum, m. plu., the 
 
 Castor, -is, m., Castor {one of the 
 
 Britons. 
 
 Dioscuri, the twin sons of 
 
 Busir-is, -idis, m. , Busiris {a king of 
 
 Leda). 
 
 Egypt). 
 
 castra, castrorum, n. plu., camp. 
 
 
 casu, adv., by chance. 
 
 
 cas-us, -lis, m., chance, accident 
 
 C 
 
 [cado]. 
 
 
 caten-a, -ae, f., chain. 
 
 Cac-us, -i, m., Cacus (a giant living 
 
 caud-a, -ae, f., tail. 
 
 near the Tiber). 
 
 cans -a, -ae, f., cause, reason ; abl. 
 
 cadav-er, eris, n., carcass, dead body. 
 
 causa, for the sake of. 
 
 cado, cadere, cecidi, casum, v, 3, 
 
 cSveo, cavere, cavi, cautum, v. 2, 
 
 fall. 
 
 beware (of), take care. 
 
 caec-us, -a, -um, adj., blind. 
 
 celeb-er, -ris, -re, adj., renowned. 
 
 caed-es, -is, f., slaughter [caedo, kill]. 
 
 celebrated, frequented. 
 
 Caesar, -is, m. , Caesar (proper name). 
 
 celerit-as, -atis, t, speed [celer, swif{\. 
 
 Cai-us, -i, Caius (proper name). 
 
 celeriter, adv., quickly. 
 
 Calais, -is, Calais {a winged man, one 
 
 cel-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, conceal, 
 
 of the Argonauts). 
 
 hide. 
 
 cS,iamit-as, -atis, f., calamity. 
 
 cen-a, -ae, f., supper, dinner. 
 
 calce-us, -i, m., shoe. 
 
 cenaculum, -i, n., dining-room. 
 
 cale-facio, -facere, -feci, -factum, 
 
 cen-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, sup. 
 
 v. 3, make hot. 
 
 dine. 
 
 cal-or, -5ris, m., heat. 
 
 Cenae-um, -1, n., Cenaeum (a pro- 
 
 camp -us, i, to.., plain. 
 
 montory ofEuboea). 
 
 cancer, cancri, m., crab. 
 
 cens-eo, -ere, -ui, v. 2, consider. 
 
 can-is, is, m., dog. 
 
 Centaur-US, -i, m., centaur ; i.e. an 
 
 cano, cangre, cecini, cantum, Vo 3, 
 
 aniTnalwith horse's body and man's 
 
 sing. 
 
 head. 
 
112 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 [ce-co 
 
 centum, num. adj., one hundred. 
 
 claud-o, claudere, claus-i, claus-um, 
 
 centuri-o, -onis, m., centurion. 
 
 V. 3, shut. 
 
 Cephe-us, -i, m., Cepheus {father of 
 
 clav-a, -ae, f., club. 
 
 Andromeda). 
 
 clementi-a, -ae, f., mercy , kindness. 
 
 Cerber-us, -i, m., Cerberus (the three- 
 
 coegi, perf. of cogo. 
 
 headed dog of Hades). 
 
 coelum, -i, n., heaven, sky. 
 
 Cer-es, -eris, f., Ceres {the Roman 
 
 coepi, coepisse, v. defect, (having no 
 
 goddess of agriculture). 
 
 present stem tenses, Lat. Prim., 
 
 cerao, cernere, crevi, cretum, v. 3, 
 
 § 106) begin. 
 
 discern, perceive. 
 
 c6git-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, con- 
 
 certam-en, -Inis, n., contest [certo, 
 
 sider, think over. 
 
 strive]. 
 
 co-gnosco, -gnoscere, -gnovi, -gnitum, 
 
 cert-US, -a, -xaiifflxedf certain; certi- 
 
 V. 3, learn, find out, know [con 
 
 orem facere = to inform. 
 
 (cum) 4- (g)nosco]. 
 
 cerv-us, -i, m., stag. 
 
 c5go, cogSre, co-egi, co-actum, v. 3, 
 
 ceter, -a, -um, adj., ths Test, the 
 
 collect, compel [con (cum) + ago]. 
 
 others. 
 
 co-hortor, -hortari, -hortatus, v. 1, 
 
 Charon, -tis, m., Charon {the ferry- 
 
 dep., encourage. 
 
 man of the dead). 
 
 Colch-i, -orum, m. plu., theColchians 
 
 cib-us, -i, m.ffood. 
 
 {the people of Colchis). 
 
 CIcSro, -nis, m., Cicero {a celebrated 
 
 Colch-is, -idis, f., Colchis {a region of 
 
 Roman orator). 
 
 Asia, on the eastern shores of thi 
 
 Circ-e, -es, f., Circe {an enchantress 
 
 Euxine). 
 
 whose island Ulysses visited). 
 
 col-ligo, -liggre, -legi, -lectum, v. 3, 
 
 circiter, adv., and prep, with ace, 
 
 collect [con (=cum) -1- lego]. 
 
 aibout. 
 
 col-lSco, -locare, -locavi, -locatum, v. 
 
 circum, prep, ace, around. 
 
 1, arrange, place [con (=cum) 4- 
 
 circum-do, -d^re, -dedi, -datus, v. 1, 
 
 loco]. 
 
 surround. 
 
 col-16qul-um, -i, n., conversation 
 
 circum-sto, -stare, -steti, v. 1, stand 
 
 [con -h loquor]. 
 
 around. 
 
 coll-um, -i, n., neck. 
 
 circum-volvo, -volvSre, -volvi, -volu- 
 
 colo," colere, coliii, cultum, v. 3, 
 
 tum, V. 3, wrap round. 
 
 worship, till {the ground), inhabit. 
 
 cithar-a, -ae, f., harp, lyre. 
 
 col-or, -oris, m., colour. 
 
 citharoed-us, -i, m., harpist. 
 
 c61umb-a, -ae, t, pigeon, dove. 
 
 civ-is, -is, c, citizen^ fellow-country- 
 
 c61umn-a, -ae, f., column. 
 
 man. 
 
 c6m-es, -itis, c, companion [con + 
 
 civit-as, -atis, f., state. 
 
 eo]. 
 
 clam, prep, abl., without the know- 
 
 com-mitto, mittere, -misi, -mis-^ 
 
 ledge of. 
 
 sum, V. 3, commit, entrust ; 
 
 o 
 
 clamlt-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, call 
 
 comm. proelium = to join 
 
 Jl 
 
 out [freq. of clarao, Lat. Prim., 
 
 battle. 
 
 §96]. 
 
 com-mor-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 clam-or, -oris, m., shout, cry. 
 
 dep., delay stay. 
 
 
co] 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 113 
 
 isi, 
 m- j 
 
 com-moveo, -movere, -movi, 
 
 -motum, V. 2, sHTj rouse, 
 com-mutatio, -nis, f., change. 
 com-paro, -pS,rare, -paravi, -par- 
 
 atum, V. 1, collect, prepare. 
 com-pello, -pellere, -puli, -pul- 
 
 sum, V. 3, drive. 
 com-plector, -plecti, -plexus, v. 
 
 3, dep., embrace, 
 com-plur-es, plu. adj., several. 
 corn-port -o, -are, -avi, -atum, 
 
 V. 1, carrj/y bring together. 
 com-prehendo, -prehendgre, -prS- 
 
 hendi, -prehensum, v. 3, seizCy 
 
 catch. 
 com-primo, -prim^re, -pressi, 
 
 -pressum, v. 3, squeeze, com- 
 press [con-!-premo]. 
 conat-us, -us, m., attempt [conor]. 
 con- in compounds^, cum. 
 con-cedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, 
 
 V. 3, grant, yield. 
 con-curro, -currere, -curri, -cursum, 
 
 V. 3, rush together. 
 con-do, -dere, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, 
 
 found, store away. 
 con-fero, con-ferre, con-tiili, col-lat- 
 
 um, V. irreg., bring together, con- 
 fer; se conferre, to betake one's self. 
 con-flcio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, v. 3, 
 
 complete, make, finish, wear out 
 
 [con -i- facio]. 
 con-firm-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 establish, strengthen, declare; conf. 
 
 jurejurando = to swear. 
 coD-fligo, -fligere, -flixi, -flictum, v. 
 
 3, dash together. 
 con-jicio, -jlcere, -jeci, -jectum, t. 3, 
 
 throw [con -i- jacio], 
 con-jungo, -jungere, -junxi, -junctimi, 
 
 V. 3, join. 
 con-jux, -jtigis, c, husband, wife. 
 con-necto, -nectgre, -nexi, -nextim, 
 
 T* 3, join, ctmnect. 
 
 con-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., try, 
 
 attempt. 
 con-scen-do, -dere, -di, -sum, v. 3, 
 
 go on board, climb. 
 con-scribo, -scribere, -scripsi, -scrip- 
 
 tum, V. 3, enroll. • 
 
 consens-us, -us, m., consent, agree- 
 ment [con •\- sentio]. 
 con-sequor, -sequi, -secutus, v. 3, dep., 
 
 overtake, follow. 
 con-serv-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 preserve. 
 conslli-um, -i, n., advice, plan, pur- 
 pose, prudence. 
 con-sisto, -sistere, -stiti, -stitum, v. 
 
 3, consist, stand. 
 conspect-us, -us, m., sight [con- 
 
 spicio]. 
 con-spicio, -spicSre, -spexi, -spectum, 
 
 V. 3, behold [con -H specio]. 
 con-stat, impers., it is well known. 
 con-stitii-o, -ere, -i, -tum, v. 3, deter- 
 mine, appoint, set up. 
 con-sto, -stare, -stiti, -statum, v. 1, 
 
 consist. 
 con-suesco, -suescere, -suevi, -sue- 
 
 tum, V. 3, become accustomed. 
 con-sul, -siilis, m., consul (a Roman 
 
 magistrate). 
 con-sulo, -siilgre, -siiliii, -sultum, v. 
 
 3, consult. 
 con-sumo, -sumgre, -sumpsi, -sumpt- 
 
 um, V. 3, consume, spend. 
 con-tego, -tSgSre, -texi, -tectum, v« 
 
 3, cover. 
 con-tendo, -tendere, -tendi, v. 3, 
 
 hasten, march, 
 con-texo, -texere, -texui, -textum, 
 
 V. 3, weave. 
 con-ticesco, -tlcescere, -ticui, v. 3, 
 
 be silent [con ■{• taceo]. 
 con-tineo, -tlnere, -tinui, -tentum, v. 
 
 2, bound, keep within [con + 
 
 teneo]. 
 
 H 
 
114 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 [code 
 
 con-ttn-ens, -entis, f., mainland. 
 con-tlnu-us, -a, um, adj., successive. 
 contra, prep. ace. , against, contrary to. 
 controversi-a, -ae, f., debate, quarrel. 
 con-tiili, perf. of con-fero. 
 con-venio, -venire, -veni, -ventum, v. 
 
 4, come together, assemble (intrans. ). 
 con-verto, -vertere, -verti, -versum, 
 
 V. 3, turn, change (trans.), 
 con-vivium, -i, n., banquet, feast. 
 con-v6c-Oj -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, call 
 
 together, assemble (trans.). 
 c6-6rior, -oriri, -ortus, v. 4, dep., 
 
 arise. 
 c6pi-a, -ae, f., supply, quantity; in 
 
 ^\vi., forces, troops. 
 CSrinth-us, -i, m,, Corinth (a city of 
 
 Greece, situated on the Isthmus). 
 cori-um, -i, n., hide, leather. 
 corn-u, -us, n., horn. 
 corp-us, -6ris, n., body. 
 cor-ripio, -ripgre, -ripiii, -reptum, v. 
 
 3, seize, snatch [con + rapio]. 
 crater-a, -ae, f., bowl. 
 credibil-is, -e, adj., credible [credo], 
 cre-do, -dSre, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, 
 
 believe. 
 cre-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, elect, 
 
 appoint 
 Cre-on, -ontis, m., Creon {a king of 
 
 Corinth ; also, a king of Thebes). 
 creplt-us, -us, m., clatter. 
 crgpundi-a, -orum, n. plu., rattle. 
 cresco, crescere, crevi, cretum, v. 3, 
 
 grow, increase. 
 Cret-a, -ae, f., Crete {an island in the 
 
 Mediterranean). 
 
 cruciat-us, -us, m., torture. 
 
 crudel-is, -e, adj., cmcel. 
 
 cms, cruris, n., leg. 
 
 cuMcul-um, -i, n., bedroom [cubo]. 
 
 ciib-o, -are, -iii, -itum, v. Iflie down. 
 
 cui, dat. ) - . 
 
 , M,t**. K of qm or qms. 
 
 cujus, gen. ) 
 
 culp-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, blame. 
 cultr-um, -i, n., knife. 
 cum, prep, abl., with. 
 cun-ae, -arum, f. plu., cradle. 
 cunct-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., hesi- 
 tate. 
 cupidit-as, -atis, f., desire [cupidus]. 
 ciipid-o, -inis, f., desire. 
 ciipld-us, -a, -um, adj., desirous 
 
 [cupio]. 
 ciipl-o, -ere, -ivi or -li, -itum, v. 3, 
 
 desire. 
 cur, interrog. adv., whyf 
 curro, currere, ciicurri, cursum, v. 3, 
 
 ruM. 
 curi^-us, -us, m., chariot. 
 curs-us, -U.S, m., cowrse, running 
 
 [curro]. 
 custod-io, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v. 4, 
 
 guard. 
 cyath-us, -i, m., cup. 
 Cyclop-es, -um, m. plu., the Cyclops 
 
 (one-eyed monsters). 
 Cyzic-us, -i, n. , Cyzicus (an island in 
 
 the Propontis). 
 
 "DdihOffut. of do. 
 
 damn-um, -i, n., injury, harm, loss. 
 
 Dana-e, gen. -es, ace. -en, Danae 
 
 {mother of Perseus). 
 dat-um, sup. o/do. 
 de, prep, abl., about, concerning, 
 
 from. 
 de-a, -ae, f., goddess. 
 deb-eo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v. 2, owe; 
 
 debitus = due. 
 deeem, num. adj., ten. 
 de-eldo, -cid^re, -cidi, v. 3, faU down 
 
 [de + cado]. 
 decim-us, -a, -um, adj., ^e?i^A [decern], 
 de-cipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptum, v. 
 
 3, deceive [de + capio]. 
 
de-di] 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 115 
 
 dScor-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, adorn, 
 
 distinguish. 
 de-curro, -currere, -cucurri, -cursiim, 
 
 V. 3, run down. 
 de-do, -dere, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, give 
 
 up. 
 dedec-us, -6ris, n., dishonour ^ dis- 
 grace. 
 dedi, ^er/". o/do. 
 de-duco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum, 
 
 V. 3, lead down^ bring ; deducere 
 
 navem, to launch a ship. 
 de-fendo, -fendere, -fendi, -fensum, 
 
 V. 3, defend. 
 de-fero, -ferre, -t^li, -latum, v. irreg. 
 
 carry away. 
 defess-us, -a, -um, part., wearied out, 
 
 exhausted. 
 de-ficio, ficere, -feci, -fectum, v. 3, 
 
 fail. 
 Delanir-a, -ae, Deianira (daughter of 
 
 Oeneus and wife of Hermdes). 
 deinde, adv., then, next. 
 de-jicio, -jYeere, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3, 
 
 throw down, cast [de + jacio]. 
 de-labor, -labi, -lapsus, v. 3, dep., 
 
 fall dovm. 
 delatus, particip. of defero. 
 del-eo, -ere, -evi, -etum, v. 2, destroy. 
 de-ligo, -ligere, -legi, -lectum, v. 3, 
 
 choose [de + lego]. 
 Delph-i, -orum, m. plu., Delphi {a 
 
 town in Greece, famed for its oracle 
 
 of Apollo). 
 Delphic-US, -a, -um, adj., Delphic «= 
 
 of Delphi. 
 demiss-us, -a, -um, adj., dovmcast, 
 
 dejected. 
 de-monstr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 point out, show. 
 demum, adv., at last, 
 denique, adv., lastly. 
 de-pello, -pellSre, -ptili, -pulsum, v. 
 
 8, drive away. 
 
 de-plor-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 lament. 
 de-pon-o, -pongre, -p5siii, -positum, 
 
 V. 3, lay aside, give up, deposit, 
 dens, dentis, m., tooth. 
 dens-us, -a, -um, adj., thick. 
 de-ripio, -ripere, -ripiii, -reptum, v. 
 
 3, pull down [de ■\- rapio]. 
 de-scendo, -scendere, -scendi, -scens- 
 
 um, V. 3, descend. 
 de-sero, -serere, -serui, -sertum, v. 3, 
 
 desert. 
 desert-US, -a, -um, adj., deserted. 
 desideri-um, -i, n., desire, longing. 
 de-silio, -silire, -silui, -sultum, v. 4, 
 
 leap down [de -f salio]. 
 de-sisto, -sistere, -stlti, -stitum, v. 3, 
 
 cease. 
 de-sper-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 de-sum, -esse, -fui, v. irreg., he want- 
 ing. 
 destiti, ^er/. o/desisto. 
 desuper, adv., down from above. 
 de-terr-eo, -ere, -ui, -Itum, v. 2, deter, 
 
 frighten. 
 de-traho, -trShere, -traxi, -tractum, 
 
 V. 3, draw off. 
 de-US, -i, m., God. 
 de-v6r-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 swallow, devour. 
 de-verto, -vertere, -verti, -versum, v. 
 
 3, turn aside. 
 dex-ter, -tra, -trum, adj., right; 
 
 dextra (manus understood), the 
 
 right hand. 
 Dian-a, -ae, f., Diana (the goddess of 
 
 hunting). 
 dico, dicere, dixi, dictum, v. 3, say ; 
 
 dicere diem = to appoint a day. 
 dl-es, -ei, m. (sometimes f. in sing.), 
 
 day, 
 difflcH-is^ -e, adj.^ dAffimlt [dls + 
 
 facilisj 
 
116 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 [di-ef 
 
 difflcult-as, -atis, f., difficulty. 
 
 dorm-io, -ire, -ivi or -ii, -itum, v. 4, 
 
 dif-fundo, -fundere, -fiidi, -fusum, v. 
 
 sleep. 
 
 3, shed abroad, diffuse. 
 
 drSc-o, -onis, m., dragon, serpent. 
 
 diligenter, adv., carefully , diligently. 
 
 dubit-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, doubt. 
 
 dlligenti-a, -ae, f., industry, dili- 
 
 hesitate. 
 
 gence. 
 
 diibi-us, -a, -um, adj., doubtful. 
 
 di-lucesco, -lucescere, -luxi, v. 3, 
 
 duc-o, ducere, diix-i, duct-um, v. 3, 
 
 grow light. 
 
 lead, ducei'e uxorem = to marry. 
 
 di-mitto, -mittSre, -misi, -TmiRsum, v. 
 
 dulced-o, -inis, f., sweetness. 
 
 8, despatch, send away, loose, let 
 
 dulc-is, -e, adj., sweet. 
 
 slip. 
 
 dum, conj., while, until. N.B.— 
 
 Diomed-es, -is, m., Diormde {king of 
 
 Dum (meaning while) is generally 
 
 the Bistones in Thrace). 
 
 followed by the Present Tense, 
 
 dir-us, -a, -urn, adj., dreadful. 
 
 which, however, must be translated 
 
 dis, dat. and ahl. plu. of deus. 
 
 as if it were Imperfect, whenever 
 
 dis-cedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, v. 
 
 the verb of the main sentence is in 
 
 3, depart. 
 
 a Past Tense. 
 
 disco, discere, didlci, v. 3, learn. 
 
 duo, duae, duo, numeral adj., tvx). 
 
 discrim-en, -inis, n., crisis, dangerous 
 
 diiodecim, numeral adj., twelve. 
 
 position. 
 
 duodeviginti, numeral adj. , eighteen. 
 
 disc-us, i, m., quoit. 
 
 dux, diicis, c, leader, commander. 
 
 dis-jicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3, 
 
 duxi, perf of duco. 
 
 scatter [dis + jacio]. 
 
 
 dissip-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 E 
 
 scatter. 
 
 diu, adv., for a long while ; diutius, 
 
 E or ex, prep, abl., out of, from. 
 
 comp., longer. 
 
 eadem. See idem. 
 
 di-vello, -vellere, -velli, -vulsum, v. 
 
 eam, ace. f. of is. 
 
 3, tear asunder. 
 
 ebri-us, -a, -um, adj., drunk. 
 
 divers -us, -a, -um, adj., different [di- 
 
 e-dico, -dicere, -dixi, -dictum, v. 3, 
 
 verto]. 
 
 proclaim, appoint. 
 
 div-es, -itis, adj., rich. 
 
 e-do, -dere, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, utter, 
 
 di-vido, -videre, -visi, -visum, v. 3, 
 
 give forth. 
 
 divide. 
 
 e-duco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum, v. 3, 
 
 ^\:d,perf. o/dico. 
 
 lead out. 
 
 do, dare, dedi, datum, v. 1, give. 
 
 ef-fervesco. -fervescere, -fervi, v. 3, 
 
 doc-eo, -ere, -ui, -tum, v. 2, teach, 
 
 boil. 
 
 explain. 
 
 ef-ficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, v. 3, 
 
 dol-or, -oris, m., grief, pain. 
 
 accomplish, produce an effect [ex -h 
 
 d61-us, -i, m., trick, craft. 
 
 facio]. 
 
 dSmin-a, -ae, f., mistress. 
 
 ef-flo, -flare, -flavi, -flatum, v. 1, 
 
 d5m-us, -us, f., house; domum, ace, 
 
 breathe out. 
 
 home. 
 
 ef-fiigio, -ftlg^re, -fagi, v. 8, escape 
 
 don-um, -i, n,, gift. 
 
 [e + fugio]. 
 
cf-ex] 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 117 
 
 ef-fundo, -fundSre, -fiidi, -fusum, 
 
 V. 3, pour out. 
 egiyperf. of ago. 
 ego, pron., 1. Lat Prim., % 61. 
 egregie, adv., admirably. 
 g-gredlor, -gredi, -gressus, v. 3, dep., 
 
 go out, go ashore. 
 e-jicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3, 
 
 throw out; ejicere se, to rush out 
 
 [e + jacio]. 
 ejus, gen. o/is, ea, id. 
 Elis, Elidis, f., Elis (a country in 
 
 Greece). 
 Elysius, -a, -um, Elysian. 
 e-mitto, -mittere, -misi, missum, v. 3, 
 
 send forth. 
 gnim, conj., for (iV. 5. —Trans- 
 late it first, though it stands 
 
 second), 
 ens-is, -is, m., sword. 
 e-nunti-o, -are, -avi, atum, v. 1, an- 
 
 nounce, make known. 
 e6, adv., thither, to that place. 
 eodem, abl. of idem. 
 eorum, gen. plu. of is. 
 gpist81-a, ae, f., letter. 
 eques, equltis, m., horseman; in 
 
 plu., cavalry. 
 gquitat-us, -us, m., cavalry, 
 equ-us, -i, m., horse. 
 gram, imperf. of sum. 
 erect-US, -a, -um, particip. of erigo 
 
 used as adj., erect, upright. 
 Ergin-us, -i, m., Erginu^ {king of the 
 
 Minyae). 
 Erid5n-us, -i, m., a river (situation 
 
 doubtful), 
 e-rlgo, -rigere, -rexi, -rectum, v. 3, 
 
 raise, cheer [e + rego]. 
 e-ripio, -ripere, -ripiii, -reptum, v. 3, 
 
 rescue [e -h rapio]. 
 erOffut. o/sum. 
 err-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1., wander, 
 
 he mistaken. 
 
 e-rtidio, -rudire, -rtldivi, -riiditum, v. 
 
 4, instruct. 
 Erj^manthi-us, -a, -um, adj., of Ery- 
 
 manthus (a mountain of Arcadia). 
 Erjfthi-a, -ae {an island off the coast 
 
 of Spain [^). 
 et, conj., awe?; et . . . et=both . . . 
 
 and. 
 Stlam, conj., also. 
 etsi, conj., although, 
 eum, ace. of is. 
 Europ-a, -ae, Europe. 
 Eurysthe-us, -i, m., Eurystheus {king 
 
 of Tiryns). 
 Eurytion, -is, m. , Eurytion {a giant 
 
 who kept Geryon's oxen). 
 Eur^-us, -i, m., Eurytus {a king of 
 
 Oechalia). 
 e-vado, -vadgre, -vasi, -vasum, v. 3, 
 
 escape, get away. 
 e-vanesco, -vanescere, -vanui, v. 3, 
 
 vanish away. 
 e-venio, -venire, -veni, -ventum, v. 4, 
 
 turn out ; sorte evenire = fall to. 
 e-v6c-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, call 
 
 out, challenge. 
 e-vom-o, -ere, -tii, -Itum, v. 3, vomdt 
 
 forth. 
 ex or e, prep, abl., out of, from. 
 ex-anim-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, kill, 
 
 exhaust. 
 ex-ardesco, -ardescere, -arsi, -arsum, 
 
 V. 3, be inflamed [ardeo, L. P., 
 
 §95]. 
 ex-cedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, v. 3, 
 
 depart ; e vita exc. = to die. 
 ex-cipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptum, v. 3, 
 
 receive, entertain [ex H- capio]. 
 ex-cit-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 arouse, 
 ex-clam-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, cry 
 
 out. 
 ex-cliido, -cliidgre, -cliisi, -cliisum, 
 
 V. Z,shut out, prevent [ex -l- claudo]. 
 
118 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 [ex-fl 
 
 ex-co^t-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 contrive. 
 ex-criici-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 torture. 
 ex-6o, -ire, -5ti, -Itum, v. 4 {compound 
 
 ofeo), go out. 
 ex-erc-eo, -ere, -tti, -Itum, v. 2, exer- 
 cise [ex + arceo]. 
 exercltatio, -nis, f., exercise. 
 exerclt-us, -us, m., army. 
 ex-haurio, -haurire, -hausi, -haustum, 
 
 V. 4, drink offj drain. 
 exfll-um. See exsilium. 
 ex-istlm-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v, 1, 
 
 thinJCj consider, believe [ex -I- aes- 
 
 timo]. 
 ex-6rior, -5riri, -ortus, v. 4, dep., 
 
 arisCj spring up. 
 ex-pello, -pellere, -piili, -pulsum, v. 
 
 3, drive out. 
 ex-pio, -piare, -piavi, -piatum, v. 1, 
 
 expiate. 
 ex-pleo, -plere, -plevi, -pletum, v. 2, 
 
 jfill, fulfil. 
 explorator, -is, m. , spy. 
 ex-plor-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, ex- 
 plore. 
 ex-pono, -ponere, -posui, -posltum, 
 
 v. 3, set forth, explain; put on 
 
 shore. 
 ex-primo, -primSre, -pressi, -pressum, 
 
 V. 3, press out. 
 ex-sllio, -silire, -sllui, v, 4, leap 
 
 forth [ex + saiio]. 
 exslli-um, -i, n., exile. 
 ex-spect-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 wait, wait for, expect. 
 ex-spir-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 breathe out. 
 ex-striio, -struere, -struxi, -structum, 
 
 v. 3, pile up. 
 extemplo, adv., immediately. 
 ex-trSho, -trahere, -traxi, -tractum, 
 
 V. 3, resciie, drag out. 
 
 extrem-us, -a, -um, adj. {superl. of 
 
 exterus), last, end, furthest. 
 ex-uo, -uSre, -ui, -titum, v. 3, put off. 
 
 F 
 
 Fab-er, -ri, m., smith. 
 
 fabric-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., 
 
 make, fashion [faber]. 
 fabul-a, -ae, f., fable, story [fa-, stem 
 
 of for = speak. 
 f2,cllS, adv., easily [facio]. 
 facin-us, -6ris, n., cnme [facio], 
 fScio, facere, feci, factum, v. 3, make, 
 
 do. 
 facult-as, atis, f., opportunity, means, 
 
 chance [facilis, easy]. 
 fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsum, v. 3, 
 
 deceive. 
 fals-us, -a, -um, ad^., false. 
 falx, falcis, f., sickle. 
 fam-a, -ae, f., report, rumour [fa- st, 
 
 of foT= speak]. 
 fam-es, -is, f., hunger. 
 far, farris, n., grain, meal. 
 fat-um, -i, n., fate {i.e. what is de- 
 creed : for, to speak). 
 fauc-es, -ium, f. plu., throat. 
 fax, f^cis, f., torch, fire-brand. 
 feci, perf. of facio. 
 feliciter, adv., happily, fortunately. 
 felix, felicis, adj., happy. 
 femln-a, -ae, f., woman. 
 f er-a, -ae, f. , mild animal, beast. 
 fero, ferre, tiili, latum, v. irreg., hear^ 
 
 bring ; Lat. Prim., § 101. 
 fer-ox, -ocis, adj., j^erce, savage. 
 ferr-eus, -ea, -eum, adj., of iron. 
 f ess-US, -a, -um, adj., weary. 
 figur-a, ae, i., figure, shape, 
 fili-a, -ae, f., daughter. 
 fUl-us, -i, m., son. 
 fingo, fingere, finxi, Actum, v. 3., zn- 
 
 vent, make up. 
 
fl-gn] 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 119 
 
 fin-is, -is, m., end, boundary; in plu. 
 
 im,perf. o/sum. 
 
 territory, country. 
 
 fam-us, i, m., smoke. 
 
 finitim-us, -a, -um, adj., neighbour- 
 
 fur-or, -oris, m., rage, madness. 
 
 ing. 
 
 furt-um, -i, n., theft [fur, thief]. 
 
 fio, fieri, factus sum, v. irreg., be 
 
 
 done, he made, hapjpc7i, L. P., 
 
 
 §105. 
 
 G 
 
 flagr-ans, -antis, adj., blazing, red-hot. 
 
 
 flamm-a, -ae, t, flame. 
 
 G^lg-a, -ae, f., helmet. 
 
 flos, floris, m. , flower. 
 
 Galli-a, -ae, f , Gaul. 
 
 fluct-us, -us, m., wave [fluo]. 
 
 Gall-US, -a, -um, adj., Gaul. 
 
 flumen, fluminis, n., river [fluo,/oi^?]. 
 
 gaudeo, gaudere, gavlsus sum, v. 2, 
 
 fons, fontis, m., fountain, spring. 
 
 semi- dep., rejoice. Lot. PHm., § 
 
 fSras, adv., out of doors. 
 
 92. 
 
 f5ris, adv., out of doors. 
 
 gaudi-um, -i, n.,joy. 
 
 for-is, -is, f., door. 
 
 gavisus, part, of gaudeo. 
 
 f6re=fiiturus esse, fut. infin. o/sum. 
 
 gens, gentis, f., race, nation. 
 
 form-a, -ae, f., beauty. 
 
 gen-US, -eris, n., kind: 
 
 formos-us, -a, -um, adj., beautiful. 
 
 gero, gerere, gessi, gestum, v, 3, 
 
 forts, adv., by chance. 
 
 carry on, carry, do, wage (war), 
 
 fort-is, -e, adj., brave, strong. 
 
 wear. 
 
 fortissime, superl. adv., very bravely. 
 
 Gerj^on, -is, m., Geryon (a monster 
 
 fortiin-a, -ae, t, fortune. 
 
 with three bodies). 
 
 foss-a, -ae, f , ditch, trench [fodio. 
 
 gestus, ^ar^. o/gero. 
 
 dig\ 
 
 gig-as, -antis, m., giant. 
 
 fractus, particip. of frango. 
 
 gigno, gignere, geuui, genitum, v. 3, 
 
 frang-o, frangere, freg-i, fract-um, 
 
 produce. 
 
 V. 3, break. 
 
 gladi-us, -i, m., sword. 
 
 fra-ter, -tris, m., brother. 
 
 Glauc-e, -es, f. {a daughter of Creon). 
 
 fraus, fraudis, f , deception. 
 
 glori-a, -ae, f., glory. 
 
 fregi,perf. of frango. 
 
 Gorgon, -is, f , Gorgon. Note 23. 
 
 fremit-us, -iis, m., roar. 
 
 Graeci-a, -ae, f , Greece. 
 
 fren-o, -are, avi, -atum, v. 1, bridle, 
 
 Graec-us, -a, -um., adj., Greek. 
 
 restrain. 
 
 Grai-ae, -arum, f. plu., the Graiae. 
 
 fret-um, i, n., strait. 
 
 grati-a, -ae, f., favour. 
 
 frons, frontis, f., forehead. 
 
 gratl-ae, -arum, f, thanks; agcre 
 
 fruct-us, -us, m., fruit [fruor, enjoy]. 
 
 gratias, to return thanks. 
 
 frument-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., 
 
 grat-us, -a, -um, adj., pleasing. 
 
 fetch corn, forage. 
 
 grav-is, -e, adj., heavy, severe, serious. 
 
 frument-um, -i, n., cam. 
 
 graviter, adv., severely. 
 
 frustra, adv., in vain. 
 
 grav-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, op- 
 
 fug-a, -ae, t, flight. 
 
 press. 
 
 fugio, fugere, fugi, fiigitum, v. 3, to 
 
 giibem-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, steer. 
 
 run away, flee. 
 
 gust-o, -are, -atum, v. 1, taste. 
 
120 
 
 Vocabulary, 
 
 [hail 
 
 H 
 
 H^b-go, -ere, -ui, -itiira, v. 2, havCy 
 
 holdf consider, 
 h2,bit-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, dwell, 
 
 inhabit 
 haec, see hie. 
 haereo, haerere, haesi, haesum, v. 2, 
 
 stick, hesitate. 
 haesit-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, hesi- 
 tate [frequent, of haereo, Lat. 
 
 Prim., § 96], 
 Harpyi-ae, -arum, the Harpies (birds 
 
 with women's heads), 
 hast-a, -ae, f., spear. 
 haud, adv., not. 
 haudquaquam, adv., not at all. 
 haurlo, haurire, hausi, haustum, v. 1, 
 
 draw off, drain, drink. 
 Helveti-i, -orum, the Helvetii. 
 herb-a, -ae, f., herb, plant, grass. 
 Herciil-es, -is, m., Hercules. 
 Hesi6n-e, -es, Hesione {daughter of 
 
 Laomedon). 
 Hesperld-es, -um, f. plu., the Hes- 
 
 perides (nymphs who guarded the 
 
 golden apples), 
 hestern-us, -a, -um, adj., of yester- 
 day; hest. dies=yesterday. 
 hie, adv., here. 
 hie, haec, hoe, adj. pron., this ; ille 
 
 . . . hie, often = the former . . . 
 
 the latter. 
 hine, adv., hence. 
 HippoljH-e, -es, f., Hippolyte {queen 
 
 of the Amazons). 
 Hispani-a, -ae, Spain. 
 hoc. See hie. 
 Homer-US, -i, m., Homer (Greek 
 
 poet), 
 hom-o, -inis, m., man. 
 hon-or, -5ris, m., honour. 
 hor-a, -ae, f., hour; in horas —frcmi 
 
 hour to hour. 
 
 horribil-is, -e, adj., horrible (horreo, 
 shudder). 
 
 hort-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., ex- 
 hort, encourage, entreat. 
 
 hort-us, i, m., garden. 
 
 hospitl-um, -i, n., hospitality [hospes, 
 guestl. 
 
 host-is, -is, e., enemy. 
 
 hue, adv., hither, to this place. 
 
 human-us, -a, -um, adj . ^human [homoj 
 
 humgr-us, -i, m., shoulder. 
 
 hiimi, adv., on the ground. 
 
 Hydr-a, -ae, f., the Hydra (a nine- 
 headed monster that lived in the 
 Lernaean marshes). 
 
 H^l-as, -ae, m., Hylas (a youth who 
 sailed with the Argonauts). 
 
 I, imperat. ofeo, go I 
 
 i-bam, imperf. ofeo. 
 
 ibi, adv., there, in that place. 
 
 ict-us, -us, m., blow. 
 
 Idem, eadem. Idem, adj., same {Lat. 
 
 Prim., § 64); qui idem=which 
 
 also. 
 idone-us, -a, -um, adj., suitable, ft. 
 igitur, adv., therefore. 
 ignar-us, -a, -um, adj., ignorant 
 
 [in {not) -H gnarus {knowing)]. 
 ignav-us, -a, -um, adj., idle, cowardly 
 
 [in {not) -}- gnavus {active)]. 
 ign-is, -is, m..,Jire. 
 ignor-o, -are, -avi, atum, y. 1. be 
 
 ignorant o/[ignarus]. 
 ignot-us, -a, -um, adj., unknown 
 
 [in {not) + gnotus]. 
 Ili-as, -Mis, f., the Iliad (name of a 
 
 Greek poem), 
 il-latus, part, o/infero. 
 ille, ilia, illud, adj. pron., that, he, 
 
 she, etc. {Lat. Prim., § 63); ille 
 
 ... hie often = the former , , . 
 
 the latter. 
 
il-in] 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 121 
 
 il-liivi-es, -ei, f., filth, 
 
 imber, imbris, m., shower {Lat. 
 
 Prim., §28). 
 im- stands for in before 6, m, p. Ob- 
 serve tbat in has two meanings. 
 
 See in. 
 im-buo, -buere, -biii, -butum, v. 3, 
 
 dip J soak. 
 im-manlt-as, -atis, f., cruelty, har- 
 
 harity [in (ii), nof], 
 im-mitto, -mittgre, -misi, -missum, 
 
 V. 3, let in, send in. 
 im-mSl-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 sacrifice [in {on) + mola {meal) ; 
 
 mctims were sprinkled with meal]. 
 im-ped-io, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v. 4, hin- 
 der, prevent [in -h ped- st. of 
 
 pes], 
 im-pello, -pellere, -ptili, pulsnm, v. 
 
 3, incite, urge. 
 im-perat-or, -oris, m., general [im- 
 
 pero]. 
 im-perat-um, -i, rule, command [im- 
 
 pero]. 
 im-pgrit-us, -a, -um, adj., unskilled 
 
 in (with gen.), 
 ira-peri-nm, -1, rule, command [im- 
 
 pero]. 
 im-pgr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1 (dat. ), 
 
 order, command [in + paro, put 
 
 upon.] 
 im-petr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 obtain a request [in + patro]. 
 im-pet-us, -iis, m., attack; facere 
 
 impetum, to charge [in + peto]. 
 im-pono, -ponere, -p6sui, -pSsitum, 
 
 V. 3, place upon, lay upon. 
 im-prob-us, -a, -um, adj., wicked [in, 
 
 not]. 
 im-pulsus, ^ar<. o/impello. 
 in, (i) prep., with abl. in, with ace. 
 
 into, to ; (ii) an inseparable prefix 
 
 with negative meaning— thus, in- 
 
 felix, unhappy. 
 
 in-cen-do, -dere, -di, -sum, v. 3, hum, 
 
 set on fire. 
 in-cido, -cidere, -cldi, v. 3, fall into, 
 
 or upon [in •\- cado], 
 in-cliido, -cliidere, -clusi, -cliisum, 
 
 V. 3, enclose, shut up. 
 in-c61-a, -ae, c, inhabitant. 
 in-c51-o, -Sre, -ui, v. 3, inhabit, dwell. 
 in-c61um-is, -e, adj., unhurt, safe. 
 in-comm5d-um, -i, n., inconvenience 
 
 [in, not]. 
 in-credlbll-is, -e, adj., iTicredible [in, 
 
 not]. 
 in-dignatio, -nis, f., indignation, 
 
 wrath [in, not]. 
 in-duco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum, v. 
 
 3, induce, lead on. 
 in-du-o, -Sre, -i, -tum, v. 3, put on, 
 
 clothe. 
 in-8o,-ire, -fi, -itum, v. 4 {compound of 
 eo, Lat. Prim., § 102), enter, adopt. 
 in-fand-us, -a, -um, adj., unholy, 
 
 monstrous, unutterable [in {not) + 
 
 f andus, ger. of for {speak). 
 in-fans, -fantis, c, infant. [See in- 
 
 fandus. ] 
 in-fect-us, -a, -um, not done; re in- 
 
 fecta.= without success. 
 in-fel-ix, -icis, adj., unhappy, unfor- 
 tunate. 
 infer-i, -orum, plu., the dead, in- 
 habitants of the loiver world [infra], 
 in-fero, inferre, inttili, illatum, v. ir- 
 
 reg., inflict, make (war), 
 in-fest-us, -a, -um, adj., unsafe. 
 in-ficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, v. 3, 
 
 stain, dip, soak [in (into) -\- facio]. 
 in-fundo, -fundere, -fudi, fiisum, v. 
 
 3, pour in or upon. 
 ingens, ingentis, adj., vast, huge. 
 in-imicus, unfriendly, hostile [in {nof) 
 
 -1- amicus], 
 in-iti-um, -i, n., beginning [in {into) 
 
 + eo]. 
 
122 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 [in-it 
 
 in-jlc!o, -jicgre, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3 
 
 (ace. and dat.), caiise^ lay upoUy 
 
 throw upon [in + jacio]. 
 in-juri-a, -ae, f., lorong, hurt, harm 
 
 [in {not) + jus], 
 inquam (3d. sing., inquit), defect., 
 
 say {Lat Prim. , § 106). 
 inquit. See inquam. 
 in-sani-a, ae, f., madness^ insanity 
 
 [in {not) + sanus (healthy)]. 
 in-sci-ens, -entis, adj., unaware [in 
 
 (not) + scio, (know)], 
 in-sequor, -sequi, -secutus, v. 3, dep., 
 
 pursue, 
 in-sero, -sSrere, sevi, -situm, v. 3, sow, 
 in-sidi-ae, -arum, f. plu., ambush, 
 
 stratagem [in + sedeo, sit], 
 in-sper-go, -spergere, -si, -sum, v. 3, 
 
 sprinkle on. 
 in-splclo, -spicSre, -spexi, -spectum, 
 
 V. 3, look [in + specie], 
 in-stit-iio, -uSre, -ui, -utum, v. 3, 
 
 settle upon, determine [in + statuo]. 
 in-strtto, -struere, -struxi, -structum, 
 
 V. 3, draw up, equip, furnish. 
 insula, ae, f., island. 
 intel-ligo, -liggre, -Icxi, lectum, v. 3, 
 
 understand, perceive [inter + lego], 
 in-ten-do, -dere, -di, -tum and -sum, 
 
 V. 3, stretch, draio (a bow), 
 inter, prep, ace, among, between. 
 inter-ea, adv., meanwhile [lit. be- 
 tween those things], 
 inter-ficio, -fic^re, -feci, -fectum, 
 
 V. 3, kill, 
 interim, adv. , in the meanwhile. 
 interi-or, -us, comp., inner, interior. 
 inter-mitto, -mittere, -misi, -missum, 
 
 V. 3, let pass; in pass., elapse. 
 
 Note 80. 
 inter-sum, -esse, -fui, v. irreg., be 
 
 betioeen. 
 inter- vallu-m, -i, n., interval, space 
 
 between. 
 
 intra, prep., ace, within. 
 
 intr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, go in, 
 
 enter. 
 introltus, -iis, m., entrance [intro -|- 
 
 eo]. 
 in-tii-eor, -eri, -Itus, v. 2, dep., look 
 
 on, behold, 
 miuW, perf. o/infero. 
 in-iisitat-us, -a, -um, adj., unusual. 
 in-iitll-is, -e, adj., useless [in {not) + 
 
 utilis], 
 in-vSnlo, -venire, -veni, -ventum, 
 
 v. 4, find [lit. to come upon], 
 in-video, -videre, -vidi, visum, v. 2 
 
 (dat.), envy (to look upon), 
 invit-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, irivite. 
 invit-us, -a, -um, adj.. unwilling. 
 I51a-us, -i, m., lolaics (a friend of 
 
 Hercules). 
 I51e, -es, f., lole (daughter of Eury- 
 
 tus). 
 ipse, ipsS, ipsum, adj. pron., self, 
 
 very, 
 ir-S, -ae, f., anger. 
 irascor, irasci, iratus, v. 3, be angry. 
 ire, infin. ofeo. 
 ir-rideo, -ridere, -risi, -risum, v. 2, 
 
 laugh at [in + rideo]. 
 ir-rumpo, -rumpere, -rupi, -ruptum, 
 
 V. 3, bicrst in [in + rumpo]. 
 ir-ruo, -mere, -rui, v. 3, rush in [in 
 
 + ruo]. 
 is, e3,, id, adj. pron., that, he, she, it; 
 
 in eo erat ut= was on the point of. 
 iste, ista, istud, adj. pron., that [is-h 
 
 tu]. 
 ita, adv., so, in such a manner, thus 
 
 [is]. 
 Itali-a, -ae, f., Italy. 
 itaque, adv., therefore, and so. 
 iter, itineris, n., journey ; iter facere 
 
 =to travel [ire]. 
 Iterum, adv., again, a second time. 
 itinSris, gen. of iter. 
 
jail] 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 123 
 
 J^c-So, -ere, -iii, -itum, v. 2, lie. 
 jScIo, jacere, jeci, jactum, v. 3, throw, 
 
 cast. 
 jam, adv., already ^ now. 
 jamdudum, adv., for some time past. 
 janu-a, -ae, f., door. 
 J6v-is, gen. o/ Jupiter, 
 jiibeo, jubere, jussi, jussum, v. 2, 
 
 hid, order. 
 jucund-us, -a, -um, adj., sweet, plea- 
 
 sant. 
 judex, judlcis, m. , ywcZ^e [jus + dico]. 
 jiig-um, -i, n., yoke [root jug-, as in 
 
 jungo]. 
 jun-go, -gere, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, join, 
 
 connect, span, yoke. 
 Juno, -nis, f., Juno (queen of the 
 
 gods and wife of Jupiter). 
 Jupiter, J5vis, m., Jupiter or Jove 
 
 (a Roman god), 
 jus, juris, n., right; jus dicere = ^o 
 
 pronounce judgment. 
 jus-jurandum, juris -jurandi, n., oath. 
 jvLSsifperf. o/jubeo. 
 juss-um, -1, n., command, order 
 
 [jubeo]. 
 juss-us, -iis, command, bidding, 
 just-US, -a, -um, a,d}., just [ius]. 
 juven-is, -is, m., youth, yoicng man. 
 
 Labor, labi, lapsus, v. 3, dep., slip, 
 
 glide, 
 lab-or, -oris, m., labour, toil. 
 labor-o, -are, avi, atum, v. 1, labour, 
 
 toil. 
 lac, lactis, n., milk. 
 Laconi-a, -ae, f. Laconia (a region 
 
 in the Peloponnesus). 
 lS,crim-a, -ae, f., tear, 
 lac-us, -us, m., lake. 
 
 laetiti-a, -ae, f.,joy [laetus, ^o^/A?]. 
 laev-us, -a, -um, adj., left', laeva 
 
 (manus understood), the left hand. 
 lament-um, -i, n., lamentation, 
 Laomedon, -tis, m., Laomedon (a 
 
 king of Troy), 
 lap-is, idis, m., stone, 
 lapsus, part, o/ labor. 
 ISquS-us, i., m., noose. 
 Lariss-a, -ae, f., Larissa {a town of 
 
 of Thessaly). 
 lassitud-o, -inis, f., weariness, 
 lat-go, -ere, -ui, v. 2, lie hid, be 
 
 concealed, 
 latr-o, -onis, m. , robber, 
 lat-us, -a, -um, adj., broad, wide. 
 laud-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, praise. 
 legat-us, -i, m., ambassador [lego, 
 
 send]. 
 legl-o, -onis, f., legion [lego, choose\ 
 len-is, -e, adj., gentle. 
 Lentill-us, -i, m. , Lentulus (a proper 
 
 name), 
 leo, leonis, m., lion. 
 Lemae-us, -a, -um, adj. , of Lerna (a 
 
 district in Aeolis). 
 Lesbi-a, -ae, f. {a woman's name). 
 Leth-e, -es, f., Lethe (one of the 
 
 rivers of Hades). 
 ISv-is, -e, adj., light, slight, 
 leviter, adv., slightly. 
 lex, legis, f., law. 
 llbenter, adv., gladly, willingly. 
 liber, libri, m. , book [orig. bark of a 
 
 tree]. 
 liber- -a, -um, adj. , free, 
 liber-i, -orum, m. plu., children [i.e. 
 
 free, not slaves]. 
 liber-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v., liberate, 
 
 set free, 
 llbert-as, -atis, f., liberty [liber]. 
 LIby-a, -ae, f., Libya (i.e. Africa). 
 lic-gt, -uit, v. 2, impers., is lawfid' 
 
 Cdat.). 
 
124 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 [li-me 
 
 Lichas, -ae, m., Lichas [an attendant 
 
 of Hercules). 
 ligne-Tis, -a, -um, adj., wooden. 
 lign-um, -i, n., wood^ log. 
 Ijg-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, tie^ hind. 
 Ligiir-es, -um, m. , plu. , the Ligurians. 
 lim-en, -inis, n., threshold. 
 lim-us, -i, m., miid. 
 lint-er, -ris, f., boat. 
 Lln-iis, -i, m., Linus (one of the 
 
 centaurs), 
 liter-ae, -arum, f. plu., a letter. 
 lit-us, oris, n., shore. 
 16c-us, -i, m.,2:)lace, situation. 
 longe, adv., far ; longius, further. 
 longinqu-us, -a, -um, adj., distant. 
 long-us, -a, -um, adj., long. 
 loquor, loqui, locutus, v. 3, dep. ,speak. 
 lot-US, -i, f. , lotos (a kind of fruit), 
 lucide, adv. , clearly [lux, light]. 
 lucr-um, -i, n. , gain. 
 luct-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., 
 
 struggle. 
 lud-us, -i, m. , game. 
 lum-en, Inis, n., light. 
 lux, liicis, f., light. 
 
 M 
 
 Mact-o, -are, avi, -atum, v. 1., sacri- 
 fice. 
 
 magic-us, -a, -um, adj., magic. 
 
 mSgls, adv., more (comp. o/multum). 
 
 magis-ter, -tri, m., master [root 
 mag- in magnus]. 
 
 magnifice, adv., splendidly. 
 
 magnificentia, -ae, f., magnificence, 
 splendour. 
 
 magniflc-us, -a, -um, adj., splendid ^ 
 magnificent [magnus -J- facio]. 
 
 magnitiid-o, -Inis, f., greatness, size. 
 
 magnopSre, adv., greatly [magno 
 opere]. 
 
 magn-us, -a, -um, adj., great 
 
 malo, malle, maliii, v. irreg. , ^re/er. 
 mSl-us, -a, -um, adj. , had. 
 mal-us, -i., f., mast. 
 man-do, -§,re, -avi, -atum, v. 1. (dat.), 
 
 charge, command, entrust [manus 
 
 4- do, to give into one's hand]. 
 mSng, adv., in the morning. 
 m^ne-o, manere, mans-i, mans-um, 
 
 V. 2, remain. 
 man-es, -ium, m. plu., souls {of the 
 
 dead), shades. 
 mSn-iis, -Us, f., hand, hand of men. 
 mSre, m2,ris, n., sea. 
 maiit-us, -i, m. , hushand [mas, maW]. 
 Mars, Martis, m., Mars (the Roman 
 
 god of war), 
 mat-er, -ris, f., mother. 
 matrimoni-um, -i, n., marriage; du- 
 
 cere in matr. = to marry. 
 matiir-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, hasten. 
 maxime, adv. , very greatly. 
 maxim-us, -a, -um, adj., (superl. of 
 
 magnus), greatest, very great. 
 Mede-a, -ae, f., Medea (daughter of 
 
 Aeetes). 
 medicament-um, -i, n, drug, poison. 
 medicina, f., medicine, medical art 
 
 [medeor, heal]. 
 medic-us, -a, -um, adj., medical. 
 mediocr-is, -e, Sid^. , ordinary{medms]. 
 medi-us, -a, -um, ad]., middle, media 
 
 nox = the middle (of the) night. 
 Medus-a, -ae, f.. Medusa (one of the 
 
 Gorgons, terrible females who had 
 
 wings and claws, and whose heads 
 
 were covered with snakes), 
 meli-or, -us, adj., better {comp. of 
 
 bonus), 
 membr-um, -i, n., limb. 
 memori-a, ae, f., memory. 
 mem6r-o, -are, -avi^ -atum, v. 1, meU' 
 
 tion. 
 mens, mentis, f. , mmd. 
 mens-a, -ae, f., table. 
 
me-mu] 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 125 
 
 mentio, -nis, f.j mention. 
 mercat-or, -oris, m., merchant. 
 merc-es, -edis, f., 'payment ^ reward^ 
 
 fee. 
 Merciiri-us, -i, m. , Mercury (a Roman 
 
 god), 
 mer-go, -gere, -si, -sum, v. 3, plunge^ 
 
 sink. 
 merldian-us, -a, -um, adj., midday. 
 meridi-es, -ei, m., south, midday 
 
 [merus, pure^ dies]. 
 merit-US, -a, -um, adj., well-deserved. 
 me-us, -a, -um, adj., my, mine. 
 mihi, dat. of ego. 
 miles, militis, m., soldier. 
 militar-is, -e, adj., military, warlike. 
 mille, plu. millia (adj. in sing., 
 
 subst. in plu.), a thousand, mille 
 
 passuum = a thousand paces, a 
 
 mile. 
 min-ae, -arum, f. plu., threats. 
 Minerva, -ae, f., Minerva (the Roman 
 
 goddess of wisdom), 
 minime, adv. (superl.), by no means, 
 
 not at all, 
 minimus, -a, um, adj. {superl. of 
 
 parvus), very little, least. 
 minit-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., 
 
 threaten. 
 •Min-os, -i (ois), m., Minos (one of tlie 
 
 three judges of Hades), 
 minus, comp. adv., less. 
 Miny-ae, -arum, m. plu., The Minyae 
 
 (the people to whom the Thebans 
 
 paid tribute), 
 miracul-um, -i, n., miracle [miror]. 
 mir-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., wonder 
 
 (at), 
 mir-us, -a, -um, adj., strange, 
 misi, perf. of mitto. 
 misceo, miscere, miscui, mixtum, y. 
 
 3, miXf mingle, 
 mlsgricordi-a, -ae, f., compassion 
 
 [miser + cor, heartl 
 
 mitt-o, mittSre, mis-i, miss-um, v. 3, 
 
 modo, dbl. o/mod-us. 
 
 mSdo, adv. only; non modo - , . 
 
 sed etiam = not only . . . but also. 
 mod-iis, -i, m., way, manner. 
 moeni-a, -orum, n, plu., walls (of a 
 
 town). 
 mola, -ae, f., meal, 
 molesti-a, -ae, f., annoyance. 
 mon-eo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v. 2, warn. 
 mons, montis, m., mountain. 
 monstr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 show, point out. 
 monstr-um, -i, n., monster. 
 mor-a, -ae, f., delay, 
 more, abl. o/mos. 
 mordeo, mordere, mSmordi, morsum, 
 
 v. 2, bite. 
 morior, mori, mortuus, v. 3, dep., 
 
 die. 
 mor-or, ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., stay, 
 
 linger, delay. 
 mors, mortis, f., death. 
 mortalis, -e, adj., mortal. 
 mortifer, -a, -um, adj., deadly [mors 
 
 -t-fero]. 
 mortu-us, -a, -um, part, of morior, 
 
 dead. 
 mos, moris, m., custom, manner. 
 move-o, movere, movi, mot-um, v. 2, 
 
 move. 
 mox, adv., soon. 
 mug-io, -ire, -ivi and -S, -itum, v. 4, 
 
 low, bellow. 
 muglt-us, -us, m., bellowing, 
 miilier, -is, f., woman. 
 multitiid-o, -inis, f., multitude [mul- 
 
 tus]. 
 mult-US, -a, -um, adj., many, much, 
 miin-io, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v. 4, fortify 
 
 [moenia, walls'], 
 miin-us, -gris, n., gift, office, 
 miir-us, -i, m., wall. 
 
126 
 
 Vocabulary, 
 
 [mu-nu 
 
 music-a, -ae, f., music. 
 mut-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, change. 
 Mysi-a, -ae, f., Mysia (a district of 
 Asia Minor). 
 
 N 
 '^a.ctus, part, o/nanciscor. 
 nam, conj.,/or. 
 namque, conj.,/or. 
 nanciscor, nancisci, nactus, v, 3, 
 
 dep., obtain. 
 nando, ger. of no, to swim. 
 narr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, telly 
 
 narrate. 
 nascor, nasci, natus, v. 3, dep.,&e horn, 
 nat-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. l,Jloat. 
 natur-a, -ae, f., nature, character 
 
 [nascor]. 
 nautic-us, -a, -um, adj., nautical 
 
 [navis]. 
 nav!gatio, -nis, f., sailing. 
 navig-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, sail 
 
 navis + ago], 
 nav-is, -is, f., ship, n. longa = w?ar- 
 
 ship. 
 ne, conj., lest, that not, not to. 
 nee, conj., and not, nor; nee . . , 
 
 nee = neither . . . nor [also written 
 
 neque]. 
 necesse, n., indecl. adj., necessary. 
 nec-o, -are,- avi, -atum, v. 1, kill. 
 neg-ligo, -ligere, -lexi, -lectum, v. 
 
 3, neglect, disregard [nee + lego], 
 neg-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, say no, 
 
 refuse, deny. 
 negoti-um, -i, n., business, matter, 
 
 troioble, task [nee + otium, leisure]. 
 Nemae-us, -a, um, adj., of Nemea (a 
 
 valley in Argolis). 
 nem-o, -inis, c, nobody, no one [ne + 
 
 homo], 
 nep-os, -otis, m., grandson. 
 Neptun-us, -i, m., Neptime (god of 
 
 the sea)* 
 
 neque, conj., nor, and not; neque 
 
 . . . neque, neither , . . nor; 
 
 neque enim, for . . . not. 
 nerv-us, -i, m. , sinew, strength, 
 ne-scio, -scire, -scivi or-scii, -scitum, 
 
 v. 4, he ignorant, not know, nescio 
 
 quis = some. 
 Ness-us, -i, m., Nessus (a centaur 
 
 slain by Hercules), 
 neu, and not [neu = et ne]. 
 neut-er, -ra, -rum, adj., neither[\iQ -|- 
 
 uter]. 
 niig-er, -ra, -rum, adj., black. 
 nihil, n., indecl., nothing. 
 nisi, conj., unless, if not. 
 nix, nivis, f., snow. 
 no, nare, navi, v. 1, swim. 
 noctu, adv., by night [nox]. 
 nocturn-us, -a, -um, si,^^., of the night ; 
 
 noct. tempus = night-time. 
 nolo, nolle, nolui, v, irreg., be un- 
 willing {Lat. P*rim., § 104). 
 nom-en, -inis, n., name [what one is 
 
 known by, nosco]. 
 non, adv., not. 
 nondum, adv. , not yet. 
 nonne, adv., not (in questions), 
 nonnull-us, -a, -um, adj., some [lit. 
 
 not none = some]. 
 noSfpron., we. Lat. Prim., 61. « 
 nost-er, -ra, -rum, adj., ou/r. 
 not-us, -a, -um, adj., well-known, 
 
 celebrated [nosco]. 
 novem, num. adj., nine. 
 novit-as, -atis, f., novelty \TLoyvi^\ 
 nov-us, -a, -um, adj., new. 
 nox, noctis, f., night. 
 nfibes, nubis, f., cloud. 
 nud-us, -a, -um, adj., bare. 
 null-us, -a, -um, adj., no, none [ne -H 
 
 ullus]. 
 num, adv. interrog. particle, used in 
 
 questions when the answer No is 
 
 expected. 
 
nu-op] 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 127 
 
 numer-us, i, m., numher. 
 numm-us, -i, m., coin, 
 nunc, adv., now. 
 
 nunquam, adv. , never [ne + unqiiam]. 
 nunti-o, -are, -avi, -atiun, v. 1, rejgort. 
 nunti-us, -i, ra., messenger. 
 ntiper, adv., recently^ lately. 
 nusquam, adv., noiohere [ne + us- 
 
 quam].. 
 nymph-a, -ae, f., nymph. 
 
 Ob, prep. ace. , on account of, for. 
 ob-jicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3 
 
 (ace. and dat.), throw in the way 
 
 of\pb + jacio]. 
 ob-jurg-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v, 1, 
 
 reproach. 
 oblatus, participle of offero. 
 ob-lino, -linere, -levi, -litum, v. 3, 
 
 sunear. 
 oblit-us, -a, -um, part, of obliviscor, 
 
 forgetful. 
 ob-llviscor, -livisei, -litus, v. 3, dep., 
 
 forget (gen.), 
 obscur-us, -a, -um, adj., dark. 
 ob-secr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 entreat, 
 ob-sero, -serere, -sevi, -situm, v. 3, 
 
 fill. 
 ob-ses, sldis, m., hostage. 
 ob-sideo, -sedi, -sessum, v. 2, besiege. 
 o\)B\iviB, part, o/obsero. 
 ob-sto, -stare, -stlti, -stltum, v. 3, 
 
 stand in the uxiy, 
 ob-striio, -struere, -struxi, -structum, 
 
 v. 3, block up, 
 ob-test-or, -ari, -atus, v; 1, dep., 
 
 implore, 
 ob-tineo, -tinere, -tinui, -tentum, v, 
 
 2, hold, 
 obtuli,^er/. o/oflfero. 
 ob-vlam, adv., in the way; obv. fio 
 
 = to meet ; obr. ire = go to meet. 
 
 oc- in compounds = ob before c. 
 oc-casio, -nis, f. , opportunity, chance. 
 oc-cas-us, -us, m., setting [oh + caAo]: 
 oc-cido, -cidgre, -cisi, -cisum, v. 3, 
 
 kill, slay [ob -f- caedo]. 
 oc-cumbo, -cumbere, -ciibui, -ciibl- 
 
 tum, v. 3, fall ; morte occ. = to 
 
 die. 
 oc-ciip-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, seize, 
 
 come upon [ob ■{■ capio]. 
 oc-curro, -currere, -curri, -cursum, 
 
 V. 3 (dat.), meet. 
 Ocga,n-us, -i, m., Ocean, 
 6cul-us, -i, m., eye. 
 odi, odisse, v. defect, (used in perf. 
 
 and plup. only), hate, Lat. Prim., 
 
 odi-um, -i, ii.fJixUred, 
 od-Dr,--oris, m., odov/r, smell. 
 Oechali-a, -ae, f., Oechalia (a town in 
 
 Euboea [?]). 
 Oeneus, -i, m.^ Oeneus (father of 
 
 Deianira). 
 Oeta, -ae, f,, Oeta (a mountain in 
 
 Thessaly). 
 of- in compounds = ob- before b. 
 offen-do, -fendere, -di, -sum, v. 3, 
 
 offend. 
 of-fero, of-ferre, ob-tiili, ob-latum, 
 
 V. irreg., offer, present. 
 officina, -ae, f., workshop. 
 of-f!ci-um, -i, n., duty, service [ob 4- 
 
 facio], 
 olim, adv., once, formerly, 
 Olymp-us, -i, m., 0Zyw^5 (the abode 
 
 of the gods); 
 5-mitto, -mittSre, -misi, -missum, 
 
 V. 3, lose, throw away, pass 
 
 over, 
 omnino, adv., altogether, whoUy: 
 omn-is, -e, adj., all. 
 ongr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, load, 
 oniis, Sneris, n., burden, 
 6p©r-a, -ae, f., difficulty ^ work» 
 
128 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 [op-pej 
 
 Opinio, -nis, f., opinion^ expectation, 
 reputation. 
 
 oppid-um, -i, n., town. 
 
 op- in compounds = ob- lefore p. 
 
 op-portun-us, -a, -uni, adj., seasonable 
 [ob-portus, lit. at the port}. 
 
 op-primo, -primere, -pressi, -pres- 
 sum, V. 3, overpower, oppress, 
 crush [ob + premo], 
 
 op-piign-o, -avi, -atum, v. 1. at- 
 tack. 
 
 optim-iis, -a, -urn, adj; {superl. 
 of bonus), excellent, very good, 
 best. 
 
 opus, operis, n., work. 
 
 6racul-um, -i, n., oracle, i.e. a mes- 
 sage from the gods delivered by 
 the mouth of a priest or priestess : 
 sometimes the sacred place where 
 such messages were delivered is 
 called an * oracle * [oro], 
 
 oratio, -nis, f., speech', habere ora- 
 tionem = to speak [oro]. 
 
 orator, -is, m., orator [oro]. 
 
 orb-is, -is, m., world. 
 
 Orc-us, -i, m., Orcus (Ijie abode of the 
 dead). 
 
 ord-o, -inis, m., order, arrangement, 
 rank ; ex ordine = in order. 
 
 orior, oriri, ortus, v. 4, dep. , arise ; 
 orta luce = at dawn. 
 
 om-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, adorn. 
 
 or-o, -avi, -atum v. 1, pray, beg, 
 speak [os, oris, inouth]. 
 
 Orphe-us, -i, m., Orpheus (a re- 
 nowned musician, who entranced 
 beasts, trees, and rocks, so that 
 they followed him as he played). 
 
 OS, oris, n., mouth, 
 
 os-ten-do, -dere, -di, -turn, ▼. 3, show, 
 explain [ob + tendo]. 
 
 osti-um, -i, n., doorway, mouth (of a 
 river) [os]. 
 
 6v'is, -is* c, sheep, 
 
 Pabiil-um, -i, n., food for cattle, 
 
 fodder [pasco]. 
 paene, adv., nearly. 
 pSlaestr-a, -ae, f., gymnasium, wrest- 
 ling-ground. 
 pal-us, -i, m., stake. 
 pal-US, -udis, f., marsh. 
 parco, parcere, peperci parsum, v, 
 
 3 (dat. ), spare. 
 par-eo, -ere, -ui, v. 2 (dat.), obey. 
 pSr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, prepare^ 
 
 make ready, procure. 
 pars, partis, i.,part, side, direction. 
 p^rum, adv,, not mry. 
 parv-us, -a, -urn, adj., small 
 pasco, pascere, pavi, pastum, v. 3, 
 feed (trans.), in pass. = feed (in- 
 trans.), 
 passus, participle of patior. 
 pass-us, -us, m.,pace ; mills passuum 
 
 = a mile. 
 past-or, -oris, m., shepherd [pasco]. 
 pate-fScio, -facere, -feci, -factum, v. 
 
 3, open, throw open. 
 p^t-er, -ris, m., father. 
 potior, pati, passus, v. 3, dep., suffer, 
 
 allow. 
 patri-a, -ae, f., country, fatherland 
 
 [pater], 
 pauc-us, -a, -um, ad]., few. 
 paulo or paulum, adv., a little, 
 pauper, -is, adj., ^oor. 
 pav-or, -oris, m. , terror, panic. 
 pax, pacis, t, peace. 
 pect-us, -6ris, n., breast. 
 peciini-a, -ae, f., money [pecus 
 
 (cattle being wealth)]. 
 pSc-us, -6ris, n., Jlock, sheep, cattle 
 
 (collectively). 
 pec-US, -Mis, f., bMst (a single head 
 
 of cattle), 
 ped- stem o/pe«. 
 
pe-po] 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 129 
 
 Pgll-as, -ae, m., Pelias (brother of 
 
 Aeson, and uncle of Jason). 
 pell-is, -is, f. , skin, hide. 
 pello, pellere, pSpiili, pulsum, v. 3, 
 
 drive away, heat. 
 pendo, pendere, pSpendi, pensum, v. 
 
 3, pay, lit. weigh. 
 Penel6p-e, -es, f., Penelope (wife of 
 
 Ulysses), 
 per, prep, ace, through, hy means of. 
 per-cipio, -cipSre, -cepi, -ceptum, v. 
 
 3, feel [per + capio]. 
 per-ciitio, -cutere, -cussi, -cussum, 
 
 V. 3, strike [per -f- qiiatio]. 
 per-duco, -duc6re, -duxi, -ductum, 
 
 V. 3, bring. 
 peregrin-us, -i, m., stranger [per -t- 
 
 ager]. 
 perenn-is, -e, adj., perpetual [per -i- 
 
 annus]. 
 per-eo, -ire, -ii, -Xtum, v. 4, perish 
 
 [eo]. 
 per-fero, -ferre, -tiili, -latum, v. 
 
 irreg., hear, endure. 
 per-ficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, v. 3, 
 
 accomplish [per -f facio]. 
 per-flo, -Hare, -liavi, -flatum, v. 1, 
 
 blow through. 
 per-fringo, -fringgre, -fregi, -fractum, 
 
 V. 3, dash in pieces [per -f frango]. 
 pericul-um, -i, n., danger y peril [lit. 
 
 an exj^erzment]. 
 periti-a, -ae, f., shill, experience. 
 per-lustr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 examine, look round. 
 per-m^n-eo, -ere, -si, v. 2, remain. 
 per-riimpo, -mmpere, -rupi, -ruptum, 
 
 V. 3, hurst (through), 
 per-scrlbo, -scribSre, -scripsi, -scrip- 
 turn, V. 3, vyrite at length, 
 Perse-US, -i, m., Perseus (son of 
 
 Danae). 
 per-solvo, -solvere, -solvi, -sSltitum, 
 
 V. 3, pay. 
 
 per-sua-deo, -dere, -si, -sum, v. 2, 
 
 persuade (dat. ). 
 per-territ-us, -a, -um, part., tho- 
 roughly frightened. 
 per-turb-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 disturb, agitate. 
 per-venio, -vgnire, -veni, -ventum, v. 
 
 4, reach, arrive. 
 pes, pedis, m. , foot, 
 peto, petere, petivi and petfi, petl- 
 
 tum, V. 3, seek, demand, attack. 
 Phas-is, -is, m.. The Phasis (a river 
 
 flowing into the Euxine). 
 Phine-us, -i, m., Phineus (a king of 
 
 Salmydessus (a town in Thrace). 
 Ph61-us, -i, m., Pholus (a centaur 
 
 who entertained Hercules). 
 Phrix-us, -i, m., Phrixus (brother 
 
 of Helle). See Note, § 76. 
 pingu-is, -e, adj.,/a^. 
 piscat-or, -oris, TCi.,flsherman\^isciB\. 
 plaus-us, -us, m., applause, 
 pliirim-us, -a, -um, adj., superl. of 
 
 multus), very many. 
 plus, pliiris, adj., {comp, of multus), 
 
 more, several. 
 Pliit-o, -onis, m., Pluto (king of the 
 
 infernal regions), 
 pociil-um, -i, n., cup. 
 poen-a, -ae, f., penalty, 
 p6et-a, -ae, m., poet. 
 polUc-Sor, -eri, -itus, v. 2, dep., 
 
 promise. 
 P51j^dect-es, -is, m., Polydectes 
 
 (proper name). 
 P61j^hem-us, -i, m., Polyphemus 
 
 (i. one of the Cyclops ; ii. one of 
 
 the Argonauts), 
 pom-um, -i, n., fruit, apple, 
 pond-us, -6ris, n., weight. 
 pono, ponere, p6stii, pSsItum, v. 3, 
 
 place ; ponere castra=to pitch a 
 
 camp ; poni in=^o depend upon. 
 pons, pontis, m., bridge. 
 
 I 
 
130 
 
 Yocabularya 
 
 [po-pr 
 
 porc-us, -1, m., pig. 
 port-a, -ae, f. , gate. 
 port-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, carry. 
 port-US, -us, m., harbour, port. 
 posco, poscSre, pSposci, v. 3, de- 
 mand. 
 positus, participle of pono. 
 pos-sideo, -stdere, -sedi, -sessum, v. 
 
 2, possess. 
 
 pos-sum, posse, potui, v. irreg. {Lat. 
 Prim. , § 100), he able, ca.7u 
 
 post, prep. ace. , after, behind ; also 
 adv., after. 
 
 postSa, adv., afterwards. 
 
 postSr-us, -a, -um, adj., next, follow- 
 ing. 
 
 postquam, conj., when, after: the 
 perfect tense bHqv postquam should 
 generally be translated as though 
 it were pluperfect. 
 
 pos-tridie, adv., on the next day. 
 
 postiil-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, de- 
 mand. 
 
 poteram, imperf. q/" possum. 
 
 p6t-ior, -iri, -itus, v. 4, get possession 
 o/(abl.). 
 
 potui, jper/l o/ possum. 
 
 praeScut-us, -a, -um, adj., sharp at 
 the end. 
 
 praeb-So, -ere, -ui, -Xtum, v. 3, show, 
 put forth, supply, present. 
 
 prae-cS,veo, -cavere, -cavi, -cautum, 
 T. 2, take care. 
 
 prae-cedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum, 
 V. 3, surpass, excel. 
 
 praeclar-us, -a, -um, adj., distin- 
 guished, remarkable. 
 
 prae-c!pIo, -cipgre, -cepi, -ceptum, 
 V. 3 (dat.), order, cJmrge [prae -i- 
 capio]. 
 
 praecipue, adv., especially. 
 
 praed-a, -ae, f., booty, prey. 
 
 prae-dico, -dicere, -dixi, -dictum, v. 
 
 3, foretell. 
 
 praed-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., 
 
 plunder [praeda]. 
 prae-mitto, -mittgre, -misi, -missum, 
 
 V. 3, send forward. 
 praerai-um, -i, n., reward, prize. 
 prae-sens, -sentis, adj., present, im- 
 mediate [prae-sum]. 
 praesenti-a, -ae, f., the present. 
 prae-ses, -sldis, m., protector. 
 praesidi-um, -i, n. , protection, guard, 
 
 garrison [prae -f sedeo]. 
 praest-ans, -antis, adj., remxirkable 
 
 [prae -f sto]. 
 prae-sto, -stare, -stiti, -stitum, v. 1, 
 
 show, put forth. 
 prae-sum, -esse, fui, v. irreg., take 
 
 the lead, preside over (dat.). 
 praeter, prep, ace, except, beside. 
 praetgrga, adv., besides, moreover. 
 praeter-So, -ire, -ii, -itum, v. irreg., 
 
 pa^s by. 
 praeter-mitto, -mittere, -misi, -mis- 
 sum, V. 3, pass over, omit. 
 prghen-do, -dgre, -di, -sum, v. 3, 
 
 seize. 
 prgmo, prSmSre, pressi, pressum, v. 
 
 3, press, check. 
 prgti-um, -i, -a.., price. 
 prex, prgcis, t, prayer, entreaty. 
 primum, adv.,^r6'^. 
 prIm-us, -a, -um, adj., first (superl. 
 
 of prior), 
 pristin-us, -a, -um, ad^., former. 
 prius, adv., before. 
 prlusquam, conj., before {sometimes 
 
 separated by one or more words, 
 
 prius . . . quam, 95). 
 pro, prep. abl. , for, on behalf of, in 
 
 r^urnfor, by way of. 
 pr6c\il, adv., at a distance, far. 
 prod-esse, infin. q/prosum. 
 proelium, -i, n. , battle ; proel. com- 
 
 mittere = to join battle. 
 profectio, -nis, f., departure, start. 
 
pr-qu] 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 131 
 
 pr8-ficiscor, -ficisci, -fectus, v. 3, 
 
 dep. , set outy start, march. 
 pro-gredior, -gredi, -gressus, v. 3, 
 
 dep., advance [pro + gradior]. 
 pr6-hIb-eo, -ere, -ui, -itum, v. 2, 
 
 prevent [pro + habeo]. 
 proinde, adv., then, therefore. 
 pro-jicio, -jicSre, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3, 
 
 throw, cast away [pro + jacio]. 
 pro-mitto, -mittSre, -misi, missum, 
 
 V. 3, promise. 
 prom-o, -ere, -psi, -ptum, v, 3, bring 
 
 out [pro + emo]. 
 pr6per-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 hasten. 
 pro-pono, -pongre, -pSstli, -pSsttum, 
 
 V. 3, set hefore, offer, propose. 
 propter, prep, ace, on account of. 
 pror-a, -ae, f. , prow. 
 pr5-sgqnor, -sequi, -sgcutus, v. 3, 
 
 d.e^., follow. 
 Proserpln-a, -ae, f., Proserpine (wife 
 
 of Pluto, and daughter of Ceres), 
 pro-sterno, -stemere, -stravi, -stra- 
 tum, V. 3, throw down, stretch. 
 pro-sum, prod-esse, pro-fui, v. (dat.), 
 
 profit, avail, assist. 
 pro-veho, -veliere, -vexi, -vectum, v. 
 
 3, carry forward. 
 pro-v6c-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 challenge. 
 proxim-us, -a, -um, adj., next {superl. 
 
 of propior). 
 prudenti-a, -ae, f., prudence [prudens 
 
 =pro-videns]. 
 puell-a, -ae, f., girl. 
 piier, -i, m., hoy [a puero =/rom loy- 
 
 hood]. 
 pugn-a, -ae, i., fighting. 
 pugn-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. \, fight. 
 pul-cher, -chra, -chrum, adj., beauti- 
 ful. 
 puls-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, knock. 
 puls-us, part, o/pello. 
 
 punct-um, -i, n., moment. 
 ptin-Xo, -ire, -ivi, -itum, v. 4, punish. 
 purg-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, clean. 
 piit-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, think. 
 Pythi-a, -ae, f., the inspired pro- 
 phetess of Apollo at Delphi. 
 
 Quaeque, f. o/quisque. 
 
 quaero, quaerere, quaesTvi {or -ii), 
 
 quaesitum, v. 3, seek, inquire. 
 qual-is, -e, adj. pron., of lohat sort. 
 quam, adv., how ; (with a superl.) as 
 
 possible', quam plurimi=<xs many 
 
 as possible. 
 quanquam, couj., although. 
 quant-US, -a, -um, adj., how great. 
 quart-US, -a, -um, num. did,}. , fourth. 
 quM, adj., as if 
 quattuor, num. adj.,/(9wr. 
 que, conj., and, always attached to a 
 
 word, thus tela saxaqy£= diSiXts and 
 
 stones, 
 quendam, ace. o/quidam. 
 qui, quae, quod, rel. pron., who, 
 
 which. Lat. Prim., § 65. 
 quidam, quaedam, quoddam, adj., 
 
 certain. 
 quidem, adv., indeed', ne . . . qui- 
 
 dem=no< even. 
 qu!-es, -etis. f., rest. 
 quin, conj., but that; hand multum 
 
 {or minimum) abfuit quin, *very 
 
 nearly,* = lit. *not much was 
 
 wanting but that.' 
 quinquaginta, num. B.di}., fifty. 
 quint-US, -a, -um, num. 2i^}., fifth. 
 quis, quis, quid, pron. interrog., 
 
 whot whatt Lat. Prim., §66. 
 quis, qua, quid, pron. indef., any. 
 
 Lat. Prim., § 67. 
 quisnam, quaenam, quidnam, in- 
 terrog. pron., ichot whatt 
 
132 
 
 Vocabulary, 
 
 [qu-re 
 
 quisque, quaeque, quodque, pron. 
 
 indef., each. 
 quisquam, quaequam, quicquam, 
 
 pron. indef., any one, anything; 
 
 neqne quisquam =a7t^ no one. 
 qn6, adv., whither, and . . . thither; 
 
 quo] interrog., whither f 
 qn6d, conj., because. 
 quod, neut. nom. and ace. of qui. 
 
 Note 62. 
 quomodo, adv., how. 
 quSniam, conj., since. 
 quSqug, conj., also. 
 quStannis, adv., every year. 
 quStidle, adv., every day. 
 qu6ties, adv., as often as. 
 qu5usqug, adv. , how long f 
 quuni, conj., when, since. 
 
 Ram-US, -i, m., branch. 
 
 rSpio, rapSre, rapiii, raptum, v. 3, 
 
 seize, snatch. 
 rS.ti-0, -5nis, f., mean^, method. 
 rebus, dat. and abl. pi. of res. 
 rgcens, recentis, adj. , fresh. 
 rg-clplo, -cipSre, -oepi, -ceptum, v. 2, 
 
 recover; se recipere, betake on€s 
 
 self recover one^s self. 
 r6crg-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, refresh. 
 rect-us, -a, -um, adj., straight, right. 
 rg-cumbo, -cumb6re, -cubiii, v. 3, lie 
 
 down. 
 rgcuper-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 recover. 
 rgciis-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, refuse. 
 red-do, -dSre, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, 
 
 restore, give back, render [re + do]. 
 red-So, -ire, -li, -itum, v. 4, go back, 
 
 return [re-J-eo]. 
 red-integr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 renew. 
 
 redit-us, -lis, m. , return [redeo]. 
 re-dtico, -ducSre, -duxi, -ductum, v. 
 
 3, bring back. 
 refer, imperat. o/refero. 
 rg-fgro, -ferre, -tiili, -latum, v. iiTeg. , 
 
 bring back, carry back ; pedem re- 
 
 iQTT:e=retrace one^s steps. 
 rg-ficlo, -ficere, -feci, -fectum, v. 3, 
 
 repair, renew [re -{- f acio]. 
 rg-fiigio, -fugere, -ivig\,\:^, fee back, 
 
 retreat, take refuge. 
 reful-geo, -gere, -si, v. 2, shine. 
 regi-a.. -ae, f., palace. 
 regin-a, -ae, f., queen. 
 rggi-o, -onis, f., place, region, country. 
 re^-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, reign, 
 
 rule. 
 regn-um, -i., n., kingdom. 
 rego, regere, rexi, rectum, v. 3, rule. 
 rg-gredior, -gredi, -gressus, v, 3, 
 
 dep., return. 
 rglatus, part, of refero. 
 rg-linquo, -liqui, -lictum, v. 3. leave. 
 rgliqu-us, -a, -um, adj., remaining. 
 rg-luct-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep.. 
 
 rgmedi-um, -i, n., remedy [re -|- 
 medeor]. 
 
 remigo, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, row 
 [remus + ago]. 
 
 rg-moveo, -movere, -movi, -motum, 
 V. 2, remove. 
 
 rem-us, -i, m. , oar ; remis conten- 
 dere = if o row. 
 
 rg-nunti-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, re- 
 port, announce. 
 
 rg-pello, -pellere, -piili, -pulsum, v. 
 3, drive away. 
 
 rgpentin-us, -a, -um., adj., sudjden. 
 
 rg-perio, -peiire, -peri, -pertum, v. 
 4:, find, discover. 
 
 rgper-tor, -toris, m., inventor. 
 
 re-pleo, -plere, -plevi, pletum, v. 2, 
 
 m. 
 
re-se] 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 133 
 
 rg-pono, -pongre, -p5siii, p5sltum, v. 
 
 3, store away. 
 rg-port-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, carry 
 
 hack. 
 rgptidi-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 reject, divorce. 
 res, r6i, f., thing , circumstance, affair, 
 
 business; re yera.— in ti^th. 
 re-scindo, -scindgre, -scidi, -scissum, 
 
 V. 3, cut down. 
 rg-sisto, -sistgre, -stiti, v. 3, resist 
 
 (dat). 
 re-spir-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 hreathe. 
 re-spondeo, -spondere, -di, -sum, v. 2, 
 
 answer. 
 respons-um,- i, n., answer. 
 re-stit-iio, -ugre, -iii, -utum, v. 3, re- 
 store, put hack. 
 rg-tineo, -tinere, -tiniii, -tentum, v. 
 
 2, keep, restrain. 
 re-tiili, part, o/refero. 
 re-vert-o, -gre, -i, v. 3, return. 
 rever-tor, -ti, -sus, v. 3 (dep. ) return. 
 rex, regis, m., king [rego]. 
 Rh2,damanth-us, -i, m., one of the 
 
 judges of Hades. 
 Rhen-us, -i, m., the Rhine. 
 ridgo, ridere, risi, risum, v. 2, laugh. 
 rip-a, -ae, f., hank. 
 rite, adv., duly. 
 
 rob-ur, -Sris, n. , oak, hard wood. 
 rog-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, ask. 
 rog-us, -i, TR. , funeral pile. 
 Rom-a, -ae, f., Rome. 
 Roman-US, -a, -um., adj., Roman. 
 Romul-us, -i, m., Romulus (the first 
 
 king of Rome). 
 r5s-a, -ae, f., rose. 
 rostr-um, -i, n., heak [rodo, gnaw]. 
 ru-o, -ere, -i, -itum, v. 3, rush. 
 rup-es, -is, f., rock. 
 nirsus, adv., again, contraction of 
 
 [revorsus = re versus]. 
 
 S 
 
 Sacc-us, -i, m., hag, sack. 
 s^c-er, -ra, -rum, adj., sacred. 
 s^cer-dos, -dotis, c, priest, priestess 
 
 [sacer-i-do]. 
 sacrif Ici-um, -i, n., sacrifice [sacer-1' 
 
 facio], 
 sacrlfic-o, -avi, -atum, v. 1, sacrifice. 
 saev-us, -a, um., ad^.,f erce, savage. 
 sSgitt-a, -ae, f., arrow. 
 sal, sS-lis, m., salt. 
 Salmydess-us, -i, m., Salmydessus (a 
 
 town in Thrace). 
 sals-US, -a, -um, adj., salt [sal], 
 salt-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, dance. 
 sS,l-us, -utis, f., safety, escape, 
 sang-uis, -uinis, m., hlood. 
 sanit-as, -atis, f., health. 
 s^pi-ens, -entis, adj., wise, 
 satis, adv., sufficiently. 
 sax-um, -i, n., stone, rock, 
 scSph-a, -ae, f., skiff, hoat, 
 scgl-us, -eris, n., wickedness, crime. 
 scienti-a, -ae, f., knowledge, skill 
 
 [scio]. 
 scio, scire, scivi or scii, scitum, v. 4, 
 
 know. 
 scribo, scribgre, scripsi, scriptum, 
 
 V. 3, write. 
 sciit-um, -i, n., shield. 
 se, sese, reflex, pron. , himself, herself, 
 
 itself, themselves. Lat. Prim., § 61. 
 se-cedo, -cedgre, -cessi, -cessum, v. 
 
 3, witlidraw [se, apart, +0^6.0]. 
 secum=cum se, vxith him, her, etc. 
 sgcund-us, -a, -um, adj., favourable 
 
 [sequor]. 
 secutus, jpar^. 0/ sequor. 
 sed, conj., hut. 
 sgdgo, sedere, sedi, sessum, v. 2, 
 
 sit. 
 sed-es, -is, f., abode, seat. 
 semper, adv., always. 
 
 I2 
 
134 
 
 VocalDUlary. 
 
 [se-st 
 
 sententi-a, -ae, f., opinion j purpose. 
 sen-tio, sentire, -si, -sum, v. 4, feel, 
 
 perceive. 
 sepeli-o, -ire, -ivi, -sepultum, v. 4, 
 
 hwry. 
 septlm-us, -a, -um, adj., seventh. 
 sSpultur-a, -ae, 1, burial. 
 S6quan-i, -orum, m., the Sequani (a 
 
 Gallic tribe), 
 sequor, sSqui, seciitus, v. 3, follow, 
 
 pursue. 
 S§ripli-iis, -i, m. SeHphos (an island 
 
 in the Aegean), 
 serm-o, -onis, m., speech, conversation. 
 sSro, serSre, sevi, s^tum, v. 3, 
 
 sow. 
 serp-ens, -entis, f., serpent. 
 servlt-us, -utis, f., servitude, slavery. 
 serv-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, save, 
 
 keep. 
 serv-us, -i, m., slave. 
 seu=sive. 
 si, conj., if. 
 SIC, adv., thus. 
 siciit, SidiV.,just as. 
 sign-um, -i, n., signal, sign. 
 silv-a, -ae, f., wood, forest. 
 slmul, adv., at the same time ; simnl- 
 
 ac or simul-atque, as soon as. 
 sine, prep, abl., without. 
 sinis-ter, -tra, -trum, adj., left. 
 sin-us, -us, m., bosom. 
 sit-us, -a, um., adj., situated, 
 sive . . . sive, conj., whether . . . 
 
 or. 
 s6ci-us, -i, m., companion, ally. 
 sol, ^is, m., sun. 
 soleo, solere, solitus sum, v. 2, semi- 
 
 dep., be accustomed; solitus = 
 
 usual. 
 s611-um, -i, n., throne. 
 soUicit-us, -a, -um, adj., troubled, 
 
 anxious. 
 sol-US, -a, -um., adj., alon>e. 
 
 sol-vo, -vere, -vi, -utum, v. 3, loosen, 
 pay; solvere (navem)=^o set sail, 
 put to sea ; solvere poenam = to 
 pay the penalty. 
 somn-us, -i, m., sleep. 
 sonitus, -us, m., sound [sono], 
 s8nor-us, -a, -um, adj., sounding. 
 s5p-or, -oris, m., drowsiness, sleep. 
 s6r-or, -oris, f., sister. 
 sors, sortis, f., lot. 
 sort-ior, -iri, -itus, v. 4, dep., draw 
 
 lots. 
 spar-go, -gere, -si, -sum, v. 3, scatter, 
 
 sprinkle. 
 sp^ti-um, -i, n'., space, interval. 
 speci-es, -ei, f., appearance, shape. 
 spectat-or, -oris, m., spectator. 
 spect-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, behold. 
 spSciil-um, i. n., mirror. 
 spelunc-a, -ae, f., cavern. 
 sperno, sperngre, sprevi, spretum, v. 
 
 3, despise, scorn. 
 spero, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, h^pe. 
 spes, spei, f., hope. 
 sponte (sua), abl., of one's own accord. 
 squal-or, oris, m., dirt. 
 squam-a, -ae, f., scale. 
 stabat, imperf o/sto. 
 stabul-um, -i, n., stable, enclosure 
 
 [sto]. 
 statim, adv., at once, iminediately 
 
 [sto]. 
 statii-o, -6re, -iii, -iitum, v. 3, decide, 
 
 resolve, stop. 
 stipendi-um, -i, n., payment. 
 sto, stare, steti, statum, v. 1, stand. 
 stringo, stringere, strinxi, striatum, 
 
 V. 3, draw {a sword). 
 stud-eo, -ere, -ui, v. 2 (dat.), apply 
 
 one's-self. 
 sttidlos-us, -a, -um, adj., studious, 
 
 diligent. 
 studl-um, -i, n., zeal, devotion to 
 
 study. 
 
st-te] 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 135 
 
 stiip-eo, -ere, -iii, v. 2, he amazed. 
 Stymphal-us, -i, m., Stymplialus (a 
 
 town of Arcadia ; Stymphalides, 
 
 the birds of Stymphalus). 
 Styx, StjT^gis, f., the Styx (one of the 
 
 rivers of Hades), 
 suav-is, -e, adj., siveet, pleasant. 
 siib, prep. ace. and abl., under ; sub 
 
 vesperum = towards evening. 
 sub-do, -dere, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, put 
 
 under. 
 Bub-duco, -ducgre, -duxi, -ductum, 
 
 V. 3, draw up {a ship). 
 sub-go, -ire, -li, -itum, v. irreg. {com- 
 
 pound ofeo), undergo. 
 siibito, adv., suddenly. 
 siiblt-us, -a, -um, ad]. , sudden [sxibeo 
 
 = to come on secretly], 
 sub-jicio, -jicSre, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3 
 
 (dat.), place under [sub -{- ja/iio]. 
 sublatus, part, of tollo. 
 sublev-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 raise, lift. 
 sub-mergo, -mergere, -mersi, -mer- 
 
 sum, V. 3, overwhelm, sink. 
 subsldi-um, -i, n., help, resources 
 
 [sub + sedeo]. 
 suc-cido, -cidere, -cidi, -cisum, v. 3, 
 
 cut dovm [sub+caedo]. 
 suc-us, -i, HI., juice. 
 sum, esse, fui, v., he. 
 summ-us, -a, -um, adj. (superl. of 
 
 superus), highest, greatest. 
 sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptum, v. 
 
 3, take ; sum. poenam = inflic/ 
 
 punishment. 
 superior, -oris, adj. {comp. o/superus), 
 
 higher ; annus sup. = the year 
 
 heforQ. 
 siiper-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 3, C07l 
 
 quer, 
 super-sum, -esse, -fui, v., remain. 
 supplici-um, -i, n., punishm£.ni. 
 
 torture. 
 
 sup-pono, -pongre, -posui, -pSsitum, 
 V. 3, place under. 
 
 supra, adv. and prep, slcc, above, before. 
 
 suprem-us, -a, -um, adj. {superl. of 
 superus), last. 
 
 sus- in compounds = sub before c, p, t. 
 
 sus-cipio, -cipSre, -cepi, -ceptum, v. 
 3, undertake [sub + capio]. 
 
 sus-pendo, -pendere, -pendi, -pen- 
 sum, V. 3, hang up [sub + pendo]. 
 
 susplci-o, -onis, f., suspicion. 
 
 su-splc-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., 
 suspect, expect [sub -f specio]. 
 
 sus-tineo, -tinere, -tlntli, -tentum, v. 
 2, sustain ; impetum sust. = to 
 stand a charge [sub 4- teneo]. 
 
 sustuli, ^er/. o/ tollo. 
 
 sii-us, -a, -um, adj.,^, her, its, their. 
 
 Symplegad-es, -um, The Symple 
 gades (certain floating rocks dan- 
 gerous to ships). 
 
 T^cit-us, -a, -um, adj., silent [taceo]. 
 
 TaenS,r-um, -i, n., Taenarum (a pro- 
 montory in the south of Greece). 
 
 talari-a, -um, n. plu., winged shoes. 
 
 tal-is, -e, adj., such. 
 
 tam, adv., so. 
 
 tS,men, conj., however, yet. 
 
 tandem, adv., at length. 
 
 tango, tangSre, tetlgi, tactum, v. 3, 
 tou^h, 
 
 tantum, adv., only, so much. 
 
 tant-us, -a, -um, adj., so great. 
 
 Tartarus, -i, m., Tartarus (a region 
 of Hades). 
 
 taur-us, -i, m., bull, 
 
 te {ace. o/tu), thee. 
 
 tego, tegere, texi, tectum, v. 3, cover. 
 
 tel-um, -i, n., dart, weapon. 
 
 temere, adv., rashly. 
 
 tempes-tas, -tatis, f., storm, tempest, 
 weather. 
 
136 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 [te-ul 
 
 templ-um, -i, n., temple. 
 temp-US, -5ris, n., time, season. 
 tendo, tendSre, tStendi, tensum and 
 
 tentum, v. 2, stretsi, out. 
 tSngo, tenere, teniii, v. 2, hold, keep, 
 
 restrain. 
 tent-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, try. 
 t gnu-is, -e, adj., thin. 
 terg-um, -i, n., hack; terga vertere 
 
 = to twrn one's hack, i.e. run 
 
 away. 
 terr-a, -ae, f., land, earth. 
 terr-eo, -ere, -ui, -Itum, v. 2, 
 
 frighten. 
 terribil-is, -e, adj./ear/wZ, terrible. 
 terr-or,-oris, m., terror. 
 tertium, adv., a third time. 
 terti-us, -a, -um, num. adj., third. 
 Theb-ae, -arum, f. plu., Thebes {a. city 
 
 of Boeotia). 
 Theban-us, -a, -um, adj., Theban. 
 Thermod-on, -ontis, m., The Ther- 
 
 modon (a river of Pontus). 
 These-us, -i, m., Theseus (a hero of 
 
 Attica). 
 Thessali-a, -ae, f. , Thessaly (a region 
 
 of Greece). 
 Thraci-a, -ae, f., Thrace (a country- 
 north-east of Greece). 
 Tiber-is, -is, m., the Tiber. 
 timeo, timere, timiii, v. 2, fear. 
 tlm-or, -oris, m.,fear. 
 tin-guo, -guere, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, dye, 
 
 soak. 
 Tiryns, ace. Tiryntha (a city of 
 
 Argolis). 
 tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatum, v. 
 
 irreg., lift, raise. 
 tot-US, -a, -um, adj., whole. 
 tract-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, handle, 
 
 feel. 
 tra-do, -dSre, -didi, -ditum, v. 3, (1) 
 
 give up, deliver, (2) report [trans + 
 
 do]. 
 
 tra-duco, -ducgre, -duxi, -ductum, v. 
 
 3, lead across. 
 traho, trahere, traxi, tractum, v. 3, 
 
 draio, drag. 
 trajectus, -us, ra., passage. 
 tra-jicio, -jicere, -jeci, -jectum, v. 3, 
 
 pierce, cross [trans + jacio], 
 tranquilllt-as, -atis, f., calm. 
 tranquill-us, -a, -um, adj., calm. 
 trans, prep, ace, across. 
 trans-go, -ire, -li, -itum, v. 4 {com- 
 pound of eo), cross. 
 trans-figo, -figere, -fixi, -fixum, v. 3, 
 
 pierce. 
 trans-fodio, -fodgre, -fodi, -fossum, 
 
 V. 3, run through, pierce. 
 trans-port-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, 
 
 transport. 
 trans-veho, -vehere, -vexi, -vectum, 
 
 V. 3, carry across. 
 tres, tna, num. adj., three. 
 tribut-um, -i, n,, tribute. 
 trist-is, -e, adj., sad, sorrowful. 
 tristiti-a, -ae, f., sadness. 
 Troj-a, -ae, f., Troy (an ancient city 
 
 of Asia), 
 tu, pron., thou, you. Lat. Prim., § 61. 
 turn, adv., then, at that tirae. 
 turb-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, trouble, • 
 
 disturb. 
 turb-o, -inis, m., whirlwind. 
 turp-is, -e, adj., disgraceful. 
 tut-us, -a, -um, adj., safe. 
 tii-us, -a, -um, adj., your, thy^ thine. 
 
 U 
 
 Ubi, adv., where, when. 
 
 ul-ciscor, -cisci, -tus, v. 3, dep., 
 
 avenge. 
 ull-us, -a, -um, adj., any. 
 ulteri-or, -is, comp. 2,di]., further. 
 ultim-us, -a, -um, adj., last (superl 
 
 o/ ulterior). 
 
ul-vi] 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 137 
 
 Ulyss-es, -is, m., Ulysses {a. Tenov/ned 
 
 Greek hero), 
 umbr-a, -ae, f,, shadow, shade. 
 und-a, -ae, f., wave. 
 unde, adv., whence. 
 undedm-ns, -a, -um, num. adj., 
 
 eleventh. 
 undiquS, adv., on all sides, from all 
 
 sides. 
 un-go, -gSre, -xi, -ctum, v. 3, anoint, 
 
 smear. 
 unguent-um, i, n., ointment. 
 fmivers-us, -a, -um, adj., all together. 
 unquam, adv., ever. 
 un-us, -a, -um, (gen. unius), adj., one. 
 urbs, urbis, f., citi/. 
 uro, urere, ussi, ustum, v. 3, burn. 
 usque, adv., all the while ; usque ad 
 
 =^until. 
 US-US, -us, m., tise, experience [utor]. 
 ut, conj., {Kpith subj.) that, (with 
 
 indie.) as, when. 
 ut-er, -ra, -rum, adj., which of the 
 
 two. 
 ut-er, -ris, m., wine-skin. 
 uterque, utraque, utrumque, adj.. 
 
 each (of two), either. 
 Gtil-is, -e, gen. -is, adj., useful. 
 litor, uti, usus, v. 3, dep. (abl.), use. 
 utrinqug, adv., on either side. 
 uxor, -oris, f., wife; uxorem ducere 
 
 = to marry. 
 
 VScil-us, -a, -um, adj., etnpty. 
 v2,l-eo, -ere, -ui, v. 2, he strong, he 
 
 effectual, have effect, prevail. 
 vS,lid-us, -a, -um, adj., strong [valeo]. 
 vall-is, -is, f., valley. 
 vall-um, -i, n., rampart, wall. 
 vari-us, -a, um, adj. various. 
 vas, vasis, n., vessel, plu. vasa, 
 
 vasorum. 
 
 vast-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1 lay 
 
 waste. 
 vast-US, -a, -um, adj., vast. 
 vghementer, adv., violently, vehe- 
 mently. 
 veho, vehgre, vexi, vectum, v. 3, 
 
 carry. 
 vellet, imperf. svibjunct. o/volo. 
 vell-us, -Sris, n., fleece. 
 vel-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, veil, 
 
 cover. 
 vel-ox, -ocis, adj., swift. 
 venatio, -onis, f., hunting. 
 venen-um, -i, n., poison. 
 venio, vgnire, veni, ventum, v. 4, 
 
 come.^ 
 vent-er, -ris, m., helly. 
 veut-us, -i, m., wiTid. 
 Vgn-us, -eris, f., Venus (a Roman 
 . goddess), 
 verb-um, -i, n., word. 
 vSrgor, vgreri, veritus, v. 2, dep., 
 
 fear. {N.B. — veritus =/mn%^). 
 vers-or, -ari, -atus, v. 1, dep., he. 
 verto, vertere, verti, versum, v. 3, to 
 
 turn. 
 vero, adv., however, in truth. 
 ver-us, -a, -um, adj., trus', re vera= 
 
 in truth, in reality. 
 vescor, vesci, v. 3, dep., (with abl.), 
 
 eat, feed on. 
 vesper, -i, m., evening. 
 vestigi-um, -i, n. , footprint, track. 
 vest-is, -is, f., dress, robe, clothing, 
 vestit-us, -Us, m., clothing. 
 vl-a, ae, f., road, way. 
 viat-or, -oris, m., traveller. 
 victus, participle o/vinco. 
 victim-a, -ae, f., victim. 
 victori-a, -ae, f., victory \ymco\. 
 vict-us, -us, m., food [vivo, l%ve\. 
 vic-us, -i, m., village. 
 video, videre, vidi, visum, v. 2, see, 
 
 in pass. , seem. 
 
138 
 
 Vocabulary, 
 
 [vi-ze 
 
 viglli-a, -ae, f., watch. 
 
 viv-us, -a, -um, adj., living, alive. 
 
 viginti, num. adj., twenty. 
 
 vix, adv., scarcely, hardly. 
 
 vill-a, -ae, f., mlla, house. 
 
 vixi, perf. o/vivo. 
 
 vim-en, Inis, n., osier. 
 
 v5c-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, call. 
 
 vincio, vincire, vinxi, vinctum, v. 4, 
 
 v61-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. l.Jly. 
 
 Und. 
 
 volo, veile, -ui^ v. irreg. {Lat. Prim.^ 
 
 vinclum = -vinculum. 
 
 % 104), wish^ 
 
 vinco, vincire, vici, victum, v. Z, 
 
 v61ucr-is, -is, ff, bird [volo, Jly]. 
 
 conquer. 
 
 v61unt-as, -atis, f., will [volo, wish]. 
 
 vincul-um, i., n., chain [vincio]. 
 
 v61upt-as, -atis, f., pleasure [volo, 
 
 vinum, -i, n.; wine. 
 
 vnsh]. 
 
 vir, viri, m., 2 decl., man. 
 
 v5r-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, devour. 
 
 viribus, dat. and dbl. pi. o/vis. 
 
 vos, pron., you. Lat. Prim., § 61. 5 
 
 vires, plur. o/vis. 
 
 vox, vocis, f., voice. 
 
 virgo, virginis, f., virgin. 
 
 Vulcan-US, -i, m., Vulcan {il^Q god of 
 
 virtus, virtutis, f. , courage [vir]. 
 
 fire). 
 
 vis, 2 sing, jpres. of volo. 
 
 vulnSr-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, ^ 
 
 VIS, vis, ace. vini, abl. vij plu. vires, 
 
 wound. 
 
 virium, viribus, f., force, strength, 
 
 vuln-us, -Sris, n, , a wound. 
 
 violence. 
 
 vultis, 2 plu. pres. ind. of volo. 
 
 vis-us, -us, m., sight [video]. 
 
 
 vit-a, -ae, f., life [vivo]. 
 
 
 vit-o, -are, -avi, -atum, v. 1, avoid, 
 
 Z 
 
 escape. 
 
 Zephj^r-us, -i, m., west wind. 
 
 vitr-um, -i, n,, woad (a blue dye). 
 
 Zet-us, -i, m. , Zetv^, a %oinged man 
 
 vivo, vivSre, vixi, victum, v. 3, live. 
 
 (one of the Argonauts). 
 
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